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ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY

      WASHINOTON

        Founded 1836
Section. ..
Number
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        Fokm 113c, W. D., S. G. O.
epo  3—10543   (Revised June 13, 1936)
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       ■'  DICTIONARY        /Jo^^

MEDICALxSCIENCE;
CONTAINING
A CONCISE JgfcEJLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY,
  HTTJlENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, OBSTETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, Ac,
     WITH THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES; NOTICES OF CLIMATE, AND OF
       CELEBRATED MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL,
            EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, ETC:
                      —       \       *
      ROBLEY DUNGLISON, JTd.,LL.D.,
*  FEOFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE, ETC., IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA,
r-s
NINTH EDITION, REVISED.
v
tof op
      PHILADELPHIA:
BLANCHARD  AND  LEA
             1853.
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 1652
        Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by

                  BLMCHARD  AND  LEA,

in the Office of the Clerk, of the District Court of the United States, it and for th*
                    Eastern District  of Pennsylvania.
Printed "by T. K. & P. G. Collins. 
TO

. Y
        ROBERT M. PATTERSON, M.D.  >'




PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. rX



       ONCE HIS COLLEAGUE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA,       {  \

                                        X..   /■ y

              ALWAYS HIS  FRIEND,         ^


                                        N

          flits Work is  Btiirubi,  V>




    WITH UNCHANGED AND UNCHANGEABLE SENTIMENTS, BY


                                       \
                                    THE AUTHOR.
Philadelphia, October, 1851.                     *> ,
A,
A." 
 
PREFACE  TO  THE  EIGHTH  EDITION.
   In issuing a new edition of his  Dictionary the Author has, again, the pleasure
to express his acknowledgments for the reception it has met with from  the  profes-
sion.   The last two editions comprised about  nine thousand subjects and terms not
contained in the edition immediately preceding, many of which had been introduced
into medical terminology in consequence of the progress of the science, and others
had escaped him in the previous revisions.
   That the  author has not suffered his  exertions to diminish, in the preparation of
the present  edition, is  sufficiently manifested by the fact, that he has added about
four  thousand  terms,  which  are not to be found in  the last.  These  additions
have necessarily required a great amount of  labour, which has been cheerfully be-
stowed, however, in order that the work might be rendered still more worthy of the
vast favour which  it has experienced.  It has been the anxious desire of the author
to make it a satisfactory and desirable—if not indispensable—lexicon, in which the
student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legitimated
in the nomenclature of  the science; and the  present very carefully revised, greatly
enlarged, and accurately printed  edition  cannot fail to be more extensively useful,
and to offer  stronger claims to the attention of the practitioner  and student, than
any of its predecessors.
                                                ROBLEY DUNGLLSON.

  Philadelphia, 18 Girard Street, i
            October, 1851.          i
6 
 
               EXTRACT FROM THE

PREFACE   TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION.
  Tin; present undertaking was suggested by the frequent  complaints, made by the
author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous topics
of professional inquiry,—especially of recent  introduction,—in the medical diction-
aries accessible to them.   It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no
dictionary of medical subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the
state of the science.  In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found
occasion to add several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the
only medical lexicon at this time in circulation in the country.
  The author's object  has  not been  to make a mere lexicon or dictionary of  terms,
but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations, and thus
to render the work an epitome of  the existing condition of medical science.   In its
preparation,  he has freely availed himself of the English, French, and German
works of the same nature, and  has endeavoured to add  every subject and term of
recent  introduction, which has fallen  under his notice; yet, with all his care, it will
doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted.  The numerous additions, how-
ever, which  he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, " by removing rubbish
and clearing obstructions from  the paths through which learning and genius press
forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate these and other objections
that might be urged  against the work;  especially when the  toil, which every com-
piler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consideration; a toil which has been
so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexicographer, as well  as  by the  distin-
guished Scaliger:
                "Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crime odieux,
                  S'il a tu6 son pSre, ou blaspheme" les Dieux,
                  Qu'il fasse un  Lexicon: s'il est supplice au monde
                  Qui  le punisse mieux, je yeux que Ton me tonde."
7 
EXPLANATION.
  If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere  reference to the term
may be sufficient; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under
the term referred to.  For example, the French word Tronc is said to be synony-
mous with  Trunk.  This  may be sufficient for  the inquirer: should it not, the
requisite information may be found by turning to  Trunk.
ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED.
Arab.	Arabic.	Nat. Ord.	Natural Order.	
Ch.	Chaussier.	P.	Portuguese.	
D.	Dutch.	Ph.D.	Pharmacopoeia of Dublin.	
Da.	Danish.	Ph.E.	u	Edinburgh.
E.	English.	Ph.L.	a	London.
F.	French.	Ph. P.	a	Paris.
F. or Fah.	Fahrenheit.	Ph. U. S.	a	of the Uni-
Fam.	Family.			ted States
G.	German.			of America.
Heb.	Hebrew.	R.	Reaumur.	
I.	Italian.	S.	Spanish.	
Ir.	Irish.	S.g.	Specific Gravity.	
L.	Latin.	Sax.	4.nglo-Saxon.	
Linn.	Linnaeus.	Sex. Syst Sw.	Sexual System. Swedish.	
8 
NEW    DICTIONARY
MEDICAL     SCIENCE.
A.
ABBREVIATION
  A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av,
 have, in the compound medical terms, a privative
 or debasing signification, like that of the particles
 in, im, un, ir, in English.  Thus: Stheni'a means
 strength ; —Aatheni'a, want of strength; —Ana-
 mia, want of blood, &c.   Occasionally, in com-
 pound words, they have an intensive meaning.
  AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle.
  A, or X\.   See Abbreviation.
  AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF.   A.
 is in  the canton of Berne in Switzerland.  The
 chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and
 sodium, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of iron,
 and suljihohydric acid gas.
  AASAI US, Anhelatio.
  ABACK, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro-
 sulphuretted saline  spring, not far from Ratisbon
 or Regentsberg in Bavaria.
  ABAISSEMENT, Depression: see Cataract—
 a. de  la Jllatrice, Prolapsus uteri.
  ABAISSEUR DE L'AILE DU NEZ, De-
 pressor  alae nasi—a. de  I'angle des levrea, De-
 pressor anguli oris — a. de la llvre inferieure,
 Depressor labii inferioris—a.  de la maehoire in-
 ferieure, Digastricus—a. de I'ceil, Rectus  inferior
 oculi.
  ABALTENATIO  MENTIS, Insanity.
  ABALIENA'TUS. Corrup'tua, Corrupted; from
 ab, and alienua, 'different.' Membra abaliena'ta.
 Limbs dead or benumbed. — Celsus, Scribonius
 Largus.
  ABANGA.  Name given by the inhabitants of
 St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds
 of which they consider very useful in diseases of
 the  chest, in the dose of three or four,  two  or
 three  times  a d:iy.
  ABAPTIST'A. AbaptistonorAbaptia'tum,from
 a, privative,  and P^ri^eiv, 'to plunge.'   A term
 applied to the old  trepan, the conical shape of
 which prevented it  from plunging suddenly into
 the cavity of the cranium.
  ABAPTISTON, Abaptista.
  ABAPTISTUM,  Abaptista.
  ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which
grows in the mountains, and  appears to be a
mimosa.  Piso relates that the decoction of its
bark, which is bitter and astringent, was applied
in that country, to ulcers of a bad character.
  ABARXAHAS, Magnesia.
  ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis and  Synar-
throsis.
  ABATARDTSSEMEXT, Degeneration.
  ABATTEMEXT, Prostration.
  ABATTIS, Giblets.
        3
  ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate  spring,  six leagues  from Paris, and
one from Poissy.  It was once much frequented,
but is now abandoned.
  ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An
acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart-
ment of Somme, France.
  ABBREVIA'TION, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'aia,
Brachys'moa,  Abbreviatu'ra.  (F.) Abreviation,
from brevia, 'short.'  Abbreviations are chiefly
used in  medicinal formulae. They are by no
means as frequently employed now as of old, when
every article had its  appropriate symbol.  The
chief abbreviations now adopted are the following:
  R. Recipe, Take.
  A. IX, ana, (ava) utriuaque, of each.
  Abdom. Abdomen.
  Abs. Febr. Abaentefebre, In the absence of fever.
  Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur.
  Ad Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
  Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
  Altern. Hor. Alternia horia, Every other hour.
  Alv. Adstrict. Alvo adatrictd, The bowels be-
ing confined.                            x
  Aq. Aqua, Water.
  Aq. Comm. Aqua  communis, Common water.
  Aq. Font. Aqua fontia, Spring water.
  Aq. Bull. Aqua  bulliens, Boiling water.
  Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervens, Hot  water.
  Aq. Marin. Aqua marina, Sea water.
  B. A. Balneum arenas, A sand-bath.
  Bals. Balaamum, Balsam.
  BB. BBDS. Barbadenaia, Barbadoes.
  Bib. Bibe, Drink.
  Bis ind. Bia indiea, Twice daily.
  B. M. Balneum maria, A salt  water bath..
  Bol. Bolua.
  Bill. Bxdliat, Let it boil.
  But. Bntyrum, Butter.
  B. V. Balneum vaporia, A vapour-bath.
  C^erul. Cmruleua, Blue.
  Cap. Capiat, Let him take.
  C. C. Oornu cervi, Hartshorn.
  C. C. U. Comu cervi uatum, Burnt hartshorn.
  C. M. Craa mane, To-morrow morning.
  C. N.  Craa node,  To-morrow night.
  C. V.  Craa veapere, To-morrow evening..
  Cochl. Cochleare, A spoonful.
  Cochl. Ampl. Cochleare  amplum,  A  large-
spoonful.
  Cochl. Inf.  Cochleare  infantum-,  A  child's
spoonful.
  Cochl. Mod.  or Med. Cochleare modicvm or
medium, A dessert-spoonful.
                               (33) 
ABBREVIATION             34              ABBREVIATION
  Cochl. Par v. Cochleare parvum, A tea-spoonful.
  Col. Cola, and Colatura,  Strain,  and to the
strained.
  Comp. Compositue, Compound.
  Conf. Confectio, Confection.
  Cons. Conaerva, Conserve.
  Coflp. Continuetur, Let it be continued.
  Coq. Coque, Boil.
  Cort. Cortex, Bark.
  Crast.  Crastinua, For to-morrow.
  CuJ. Cujus,  Of which.
  Cujusl. Cujualibet, Of any.
  Cvath. Cyathus, A glassful.
  Cyatii. The,e, A cup of tea.
  D. Boaia, A dose.
  D. et S. Betur et aignetur,  {placed at the end
 of a preacription.)
  D. D. Betur ad, Let  it be given in or to.
  D. D. Vitr. Betur ad vitrum, Let it  be given
 in a glass.
  Deaur. Pil. Deaurentar pilula, Let the  pills
 be gilded.
  Deb. Spiss. Bebita spissitudo, A due consist-
 ence.
  Dec. Becanta, Pour  off.
  Decub. Becubitua, Lying down, going to bed.
  De D. in D. Be die in diem, From day to day.
  Dej. Alv. Bejectionea alvi, Alvine evacuations.
  Dep. Bepuratua, Purified.
  Det. Detur, Let it be given.
  Dieb. Altern. Biebuaalternia, Every other day.
  Dieb. Tert. Biebua  tertiia, Every third day.
   Dig. Bigeratur, Let  it be digested.
   Dil. Bilutua, Dilute.
   Dim. Bimidiua, One-half.
   Dist. Bistilla, Distil.
   Div. Bivide, Divide.
   Donec Al-v. Solut.  Fuer. Bonec alvus eoluta
 fuerit, Until the bowels are opened.
   Drach. Drachma, A drachm.
   Ejusd. Ejusdem, Of the same.
   Enem.  Enema, A clyster.
   Exhib. Exhibeatur,  Let it be exhibited.
   Ext. super A~lvt. Exiende super alutam, Spread
 upon leather.
   F. Fiat, Let it be made.
   F. Pil, Fiat pilula,  Make into a pill.
   F. Venues, or F. VS.  Fiat venceaectio, Let bleed-
 ing be performed.
   Feb. Dur. F&bre durante, The fever continuing.
   Fem. Intern. Femoribus interims., To the inside
 of the thighs.
   Fist. Arm at. Fistula armata, A bag and pipe,
 a clyster  pipe and bladder fitted for use.
   Fl. Fluid.ua, and. Florea, Fluid, and Flowers.
   Frust. Fruatillatim, In small pieces.
   Gel. Quavis, Gelatind  qudvis, In  any kind
 of jelly.
   G. G. G. Gummi guttee Gambi<£, Gamboge.
   Gr. Granum, A grain.
   Gtt. Gutta, A drop.
   Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttia quibuadam, With
 some drops.
   Gum. Gummi, Gum.
   Guttat. Guttatim, By drops.
   Hor. Decub. Hord  decubitus, At bed-time.
   Hor. Interm. Horia intermediis, At interme-
 diate hours.
   H. S. Hord aomni, At bed-time.      s
   Inf. Infimde, Infuse.
   Ind. Indies, Daily.
   Inj. Enem. Injiciatur enema, Let a clyster be
 given.
   In Pulm. In pulmento, In gruel.
   Jul. Julepus, A gulep.
   Lat. Dol. Lateri dolenti, To the pained side.
   Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight.
   Lib. Llb, Libra, Pounds.
  Liq. Liquor.
  M. Miace, Mix.
  Mac. Mucera, Macerate.
  Man. Manipulus, A handful.
  Man. Prim. Mane* primo, Early in the morning.
  Mic. Pan. Mica pants, Crumb  of bread.
  Min. Minimum, The 60th part  of a drachm by
measure.
  Mitt. Mitte, Send.
  Mitt. Sang.  Mittatur  sanguis, Let blood be
drawn.
  Mod. Prescript.  Modo prascripto,  In  the
manner directed.
  Mor. Sol. More solito, In the usual manner.
  Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage.
  N. M. Nux moschata, Nutmeg.
  0. Octarius, A pint.
  0l. Oleum, Oil.
  Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold-drawn
linseed oil.
  Omn. Bid. Omni biduo, Every two days.
  Omn. Bih. Omni bihorio, Every two hours.
  Omn. Hor. Omni hord, Every hour.
  Omn. Man. Omni mane, Every morning.
  Omn. Nocte,  Every night.
  Omn. Quadr. Hor.  Omni  quadrante horm,
Every quarter of an hour.
  0. 0. 0. Oleum olives optimum, Best olive oil.
  Ov.' Ovum, An egg.
  Ox. Oxymel.
  Oz. Uncia, An ounce.'
  P. Pondere, By weight.
  P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil.
  P. M. Partes aquales,  Equal parts.
  Part. Vic Partitis vicibus, In divided doses.
  Peract. Op.  Emet. Peractd operatione emetici,
The operation of the emetic being over.
  Pil. Pilula, A pill.
  Post  Sing.  Sed.  Liq.  Post  aingulas sedes
liquidaa, After  every liquid evacuation.
  Pot. Potio, A potion.
  P.  P. Pulvis patrum, Jesuits' bark.
  P. Rat. .5£tat. Pro ratione atatis, According
to the age.
  P.  R. N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be.
  Pulv.  Pulvia, A powder.
  Q. P. Quantum placeat, As much as may please.
  Q. S. Quantum aufficiat, As much as is sufficient.
  Quor. Quorum, Of which.
  Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish.
  Rad. Radix, Root.
  Ras. Rasura, Shavings.
  Rect.  Rectificatus, Rectified.
  Red. or Redig. in Pulv. Rcdactua in pulve-
rem, or Redigatur in Pulverem, Powdered, or Let
it be  powdered.
   Reg. Umbil. Regio umbilici, The umbilical re-
gion.
   Repet. Repetatur, Let it be repeated.
   S. A. Secundum artem, According to art.
   Sem. Semen, §eed.
   Semi-dr. Semi-drachma, Half a drachm.
   Semi-h. Semi-hora, Half an hour.
   Serv. Serva, Keep, preserve.
   Sesquih. Seaquihora, An hour and a half.
   Sesunc. Seauncia, An  ounce and a half.
   Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not answer.
   Si  Op.  Sit.  Si opua sit, If there be need.
   Si Vir. Perm. Si vireapermittant, If the strength
 will permit.
   Solv. Solve, Dissolve.
   Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit.
   Ss. Semi, One half.
   St. Stet, Let it stand.
   Sub Fin. Coct. Sub finem  coctionia,  Towards
 the end of the boiling.
   Sum. Sumat, Let  him take; also,  Summitates,
 The  tops. 
ABCES
35
ABDUCTOR
  8. V. Spiritua vini, Spirit of wine.
  S. V. R. Spiritua vini rectificutua, Rectified
spirit of wine.
  S. V. T. Spiritua vini tenuior,  Proof spirit of
wine.
  Syr. Syrupua, Syrup.
  Temp.  Dext.  Tempori dextro, To the right
temple.
  T.  0. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium.
  Tr., Tra. and Tinct.  Tinctura, Tincture.
  Trit. Tritura, Triturate.
  V. 0. S. or Vit. Ov.  Sol.  Vitello ovi eolutua,
Dissolved in the yolk of an  egg.
  VS.  Vencesectio, Venesection.
  'L.  Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger.
   It), Libra, A pound.
  3, Uncia, An ounce.
  %, Drachma, A drachm.
  5> S'-iupulum, A scruple.
   til>, Minimum, A minim.
   es, Semissis, or half; iss,  one and a half.
   j,  one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c.
   The same system is not always followed in ab-
 breviating.  The  subjoined will exhibit the usual
 mode:

      Infita. Golomb.                f .^iss
      Tinct. Gent. c.                f gi
      Syr. Cort. Aurant.           f 3SS
      Tinct. capa.                   gtt. xl.  M.
 Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n.
   This, written at length, is as follows:
 Recipe
      Infusi Oolomba sesqui-fluidunciam.
      Tinctura? GentiancB Compoaitce fluidrachmam.
      Syrupi Oorticis Aurantiorum semi-fluidrach-
            mam.
      Tinctura; Capaici guttas quadraginta.
        Misce.
         ^Capiat cochlearia  duo pro re nata.
   ABCES,  Abscess—a. Aigu,  see  Abscess—a.
 Ghaud, see Abscess—a. Ohronique, see Abscess—
 a.  Par congestion,  see Abscess—a. Diathesique,
 see Abscess—a. Froid, see Abscess—a. Metaata-
 tique, see Abscess—a.  Scrofuleux, see Abscess—
 a.  Soudain, see Abscess.
   ABDO'MEN,  from   abdere,  'to conceal;'—
 Etron, Hypogas'trion,  Lfypocoe'lium, Epis'chion,
 Lap'ara, Uypochoi'/ion,  Gaster,  Hypou'trion,
 Xit/yi,  Abdu'men,  Venter,  Venter  imus,  Venter
 in'jimus, Alvua, U'terus, The  belly,  (F.) Ventre,
 V.  infericur, Baa  ventre.   The largest of the
 three splanchnic cavities, bounded,  above, by the
 diaphragm; below, by the pelvis; behind, by the
 lumbar vertebrae; and at the sides and fore  part,
 by muscular  expansions. It is distinguished into
 three anterior regions, from above to below; viz.
 the  epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric,  each
 of which is itself divided  into three  others, one
 middle,  and  two  lateral: thus, the epigastric re-
 gion  comprises the epigastrium and  hypochon-
 dria;  the umbilical, the umbilicus and flanks or
 lumbar regions;  and the hypogastric, the hypo-
 gastrium and iliac  regions.  None of these re-
 gions has its limits well defined.   The chief vis-
 cera contained in the  cavity of the abdomen,
 Cas'liu, Cavum Abdom'inis,  are the stomach, in-
 testines,  liver, spleen, pancreas,  kidneys, <tc.  It
 is lined by the peritoneum.
   Abdomen, Pendulous, Physconia.
   ABDOM'IXAL, Abdomina'lis, Ventra'lis,Ycn-
 tral.   That which  belongs  to the  Abdomen, as
 abdominal muscles, abdominal viscera, &c.
   ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos-
 copia.
   ABDOMINISCOP'FA, Gastroscop'ia.   A hy-
 brid word, from Abdomen,  'the lower belly,' and
 <r*oirtu», 'I view;'  Laparoscop'ia, Abdom'inis Ex-
plora'tio.   Examination of the lower belly as  a
means of diagnosis.   See Auscultation.
  ABDUCENS LABIORUM,  Levator  anguli
oris.
  ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus.
  ABDUCTEUR DE L'OSIL, Rectus externus
oculi—a. de I'oreille, Abductor auris—a. du gros
ortcil, Abductor pollicis pedis—a. du petit orteil,
Abductor minimi digiti pedis—a. court du poucc,
Abductor pollicis  brevis—a. long du pouce, Ab-
ductor longus pollicis.
  ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio, from abduccre, to
separate, (ab and ducere, 'to lead.')  The move-
ment which  separates a limb or other part from
the axis of the body.
   The word has  also  been  used synonymously
with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclas'ma, a fracture
near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa-
ration of the fragments.
   ABDUCTOR,  same etymon.  (F.) Abducteur.
 A muscle which moves certain parts  by separat-
ing them from the axis of the body.
   Abductor  Auricularis, Abductor  auris—a.
 Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicia
 pedis—a. Medii  digiti pedis, Prior medii digiti
 pedis—a. Minimi digiti, Flexor  parvus minimi
 digiti—a. Minimi digiti, Prior minimi digiti—a.
 Oculi, Rectus  externus oculi—a. Pollicis mantis,
 and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pollicis brevis.
   Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris. (F.)
 Abducteur de I'oreille.  A portion of the posterior
 aurie,  whose existence is  not constant, which
 passes from the mastoid process to the concha.
   Abductor In'dicis, Semi-inieros'seus in'dicis.
 A  muscle which arises from the os trapezium and
 metacarpal bone  of the thumb, and is inserted
 into the first bone of the forefinger.  Its use is to
 bring the  forefinger towards the thumb.
   Abductor Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpo-phalan''gma
 min'imi digiti, Carpo-phalangien du petit doigt,
 Exten'sor ter'tii interno'dii minimi digiti—(Dou-
 glas.)   IJypoth'enar minor  metacarpeua.   See
 Flexor parvus.  It  originates fleshy from the  os
 pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near
 it;  and is inserted,  tendinous, into the inner side
 of the base of the first bone of the little finger.
  Uae, to draw the  little finger from the rest.
    Abductor  Minimi  Digiti  Pedis, Cidco-sub-
 phalangeus  minimi  digiti,  Calcaneo-phalangien
 du petit  orteil, Parath'cnar major—(By Wins-
 low, the  muscle  is  divided  into two portions,—
 Parathenar major and metatarseus.)   Oalcaneo-
 sous-phalangien du petit orteil—(Ch.)  (E.) Ab-
 ducteur du petit  orteil.  This muscle  forms the
 outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is im-
 mediately beneath  the plantar aponeurosis.   It
 arises, tendinous and  fleshy, from the outer side
 of the protuberance of the os caleis,  and from
 the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe,
 and is inserted into the outer part of the root
 of the first bone  of  the little toe.  Use, to draw
 the little toe outwards.
    Abductor Pol'licis Brevis, Abductor Polli-
 cia Manus, Scapho-carpo-svper-phalangeus Pol-
 licis, Sua-phalangien du pouce, A. pollicis mannn
 and A. brcvia alter—(Albinus.)  (F.) Abducteur
 court du pouce, Carpo-aua-phalangien dn pouce—
 (Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises
 from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides and
 the  annular  ligament of the carpus, and termi-
 nates at the outside of the upper  extremity of
 the  first phalanx of the thumb.  A  particular
 portion,  on the  inner side of this  muscle,  is
 called, by Albinus, Abductor brevi8 alter.
    Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. P. Manas,
 Extenaor ossis metacarpi pollicis manus, Extenaor
 primi intcrnndii—(Douglas,)  Extensor pirimus
 Pollicis, Cubito-radi-su8-mctaear2)i<!n  du poucc, 
ABDUMEN
36
Cubito-sua-mitacarpien du pouce, — (Ch.)  (F.)
Abducteur long du pouce.  A long, thin muscle,
arising from  the  posterior surface of the ulna,
radius, and interosseous ligament, and  inserted
at the outer side  of the upper  extremity of the
first metacarpal bone.,
  Abductor  Pollicis  Pedis, Calco-sub-phalan-
gens Pol'licis.  (F.) Abducteur du groa orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and
inner part  of the protuberance of  the  os calcis,
and tendinous from the same bone where it joins
with the os naviculare.  It is inserted, tendinous,
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the
first bone of the great toe.  Use, to  pull the  great
toe from the  rest.
   The name Abductor has been given also  to all
those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot,
which perform the motion  of  abduction on the
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the
same function on other parts of the body.
   ABDUMEN, Abdomen.
   ABEB^E'OS,  from a, neg. and [SePaios, 'firm,'
 Infir'mus,  Deb'ilia.  Weak,  infirm, unsteady.
   ABEILLE, Bee.
   ABELMELUCH. One of the names of the Rici-
 nus, according to some authors.—Prosper Alpinus
 says  that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so
 called.   Its  seeds, which are black and oblong,
 are said to be a most violent cathartic.
   ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus abelmoschus—a.
 Moschatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A.
 is a city of Bavaria,  where there  is a cold, sul-
 phureous  spring.
   ABERRATIO, Aberration—a.  Lactis, Galac-
 toplania—a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious—
 a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious.
   ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio,  from  aberrare,
 (ah  and errare,) 'to  stray,' 'jto  wander  from.'
 This word has several meanings.
    1. The  passage of a fluid of the living body
 into an order of vessels not destined  for it.  In
 this  sense it is synonymous with  the Error Loci
 of Bocrhaave.
    2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ different
 from that to which it is ordinarily directed; as in
 oases of vicarious hemorrhage.   Aberrations of
 sense or judgment are certain errors in the percep-
  tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual
  faculties.
    The word is used in optics to designate the dis-
  persion of the rays of light in passing through a
  lens.
    Aberration,  Chromatic, Aberration of Re-
  frangibility.
    Aberration of Refrangibil'ity,  Ohromat'ic
  aberra'tion, exists,  when, as in a common lens,
  the  rays  that pass near the circumference of the
  lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is
  observed.  This aberration in the human eye is
  corrected by the iris, which does  not  permit  the
  rays to fall near the circumference of the lens,
  and also by the crystalline  lens  itself,  which,
  owing to its structure, serves the purposes of an
  achromatic glass.
    Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe-
  ricity.
    Aberration  of Spheric"ity or apher'ical ab-
  erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com-
  mon lens, which pass through the centre of the
  lens, and those which pass near the circumfer-
  ence, are unequally refracted, so  that they do not
  meet a* a common focus.
    This aberration of sphericity in the human eye
  is corrected by the iris.
    ABESSI, Realgar.
    ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'aia, from  ab,  and
                 ABORTION

cvacuare, 'to empty-'  An evacuation.  A partial
or imperfect evacuation.  By some it is applied
to an immoderate evacuation.—Kraus.
  ABHAL.   A fruit well known in India, and
obtained from a species of cypress.  It passes for
an emmenagogue.
  ABIES, Pinus picea—a. Balsamea, Pinus bal-
samea.
  Abies  BalsamiferA, Pinus balsamea—a. Ca-
nadensis, Pinus Canadensis—a. Excelsa, see Pinus
abies—a. Gallica, Pinus  picea—a. Larix, Pinus
larix—a. Pectinata, Pinus picea—a. Picea, Pinus
picea—a. Rubra, Pinus rubra.
  ABIGA, Teucrium Chamaepitys.
  ABIOSIS, Death.
  ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum.
  ABIRRITA'TION.^6/rri<a'<?o,fromo6, priva-
tive, and irritatio,  'irritation.' This word strictly
means absence or defect of irritation.  The disci-
ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological
condition, opposite to that  of irritation.  It may
be  considered  as  synonymous with  debility,
asthenia, &c.
  ABLACTATIO,  Weaning.
  ABLASTES, Sterile.
  ABLATIO, Extirpation.
  ABLEPH'ARUS, from  o, privative,  and jSXo
 ^apov, 'eyelid.'  One who has no eyelids.
  ABLEPSIA, Caecitas.
  ABLUENTIA,  Detergents.      %
  ABLU'TION, Ablu'tio,  Aponip'sia, Catacly*'-
 mus,  from  abluere, (ab and luere,) 'to wash.'  A
 name given to legal ceremonies in which the
 body is subjected to particular affusions.  Ablution
 (especially of the  extremities) with cold or tepid
 water is employed, therapeutically, to  reduce
 febrile heat.  Also, the washing by which medi-
 cines are  separated from the extraneous matters
 mixed with  them.
   ABNORMAL, Abnormous.
   ABNORMITY,  Anomalia.
   ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mal,   (F.)  Anormal,
 from  ab, 'from,'  and norma, 'rule.'   Not con-
 formable to  rule;  irregular.
   ABOLP'TION, AboW'tio, destruction  or sup-
 pression,  from ab  and  luere (?)  'to wash.'   A
 word, often  employed, especially by  the French,
 to express the complete suspension of any symp-
 tom or function.   Abolition of the sight, e. g. is
 the complete loss of sight.
   ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma'sum, Enys'tron, Rennet.
 The lowermost or fourth stomach of ruminating
 animals.
   ABOMINATIO, Disgust.
   ABONDAXCE, Plethora.
   ABORSIO, Abortion.
   ABORSUS. Abortion.
   ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide.
   ABORT1F, Abortive.
    AB0RT1FACIENS,  Abortive.
    ABORTION, Abor'tus, Abor'eus, Abor'sio, Dys-
  to'cia aborti'va,  Omoto'cia, Paracye'sis abortus,
  Amblo'sis,  Amblo'ma, Arnblos'mus, Ec'bole, Lm-
  bryotoc'ia,  Diaph'thora,  Ectro'sis,  Exam bio'in a,
  Examblo'sis, Ectros'inos, Apopalle'sia, Apoj>itl'*i*,
  Apoph'thora, Phthora,  Conoid'sio u'teri, Deper-
  di'tio. (F.)  A vfirtement,Blessure, Miscarriage,from
  ab and oriri, 'to rise,'  applied to that which lias
  ariaen out  of season. The expulsion of the foetus
  before the  seventh month of utero-gestation, or
  before it is viable.   The  causes of  this accident
  are referrible either to the mother, and particu-
  larly to the uterus;  or to the foetus and its  de-
  pendencies.  The causes, in the mother, may be:
  —extreme  nervous susceptibility, great debility,
  plethora; faulty conformation, <tc.; and it is fre-
  quently induced immediately by intense mental
  emotion, violent exercise, &c.  The  causes seated 
ABORTIVE
in the foetus are its death,  rupture of the mem-
branes, &c.  It most frequently occurs  between
the 8th and 12th weeks of gestation.  The symp-
toms of abortion are :—uterine  hemorrhage with
br without flakes of  decidua, with intermitting
pain.  When abortion has once taken place, it is
extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies
about the same period.  Some writers have called
abortion, when it occurs prior to three months,
Ejjluxion.  The treatment must vary according to
the constitution of the patient and the causes giv-
ing rise to it.  In all cases, the horizontal posture
and perfect quietude  are indispensable.
   Abortion is likewise applied to the product of
an untimely birth,—Abor'tua, Abor'aua, Apoble'-
mn, Apob'ole, Ecl/lo'inn, Amblothrid'inn, Ectro'mn,
Frnc'ttiH immatu'rus, Abortment.  (F.)  Avorton,
Arortin.
   TO ABORT, Abori'ri. To miscarry. (F.)Avorter.
   ABOR'TIVK, Aborti'vus,  Ecboi'iua, Amblo'ti-
cus, Amblothrid' inm, Ambol'icus. Phthor'ius, Apo-
phthor'ius,  Ectrot'icus,  Abortifa'ciens,  Acyte'-
rivs, Expel'lens,  Phthiroc'tonus, Phthoroc'tonus,
Erbol'icns, ('nntrae'tor u'teri, Accelerator Partus,
 Parturient, J'arturifa'cient, Ecbolic.  (F.) Abor-
tif.   A medicine to which is attributed  the pro-
perty of  causing  abortion.  There  is probably
no direct agent of the kind.
   ABORTMENT, Abortion.
   ABORTUS, Abortion.
   ABO IJ C HEME XT, Anastomosis.
   ABOULAZA, a  tree of  Madagascar, used, ac-
cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun-
try, in diseases of the heart.
   'ABOUTTSSEMENT, Suppuration.
   ABRABAX,  Abraaax,  Abraxas.  A  mystic
term,  expressing the number 365,  to which the
Cabalists attributed miraculous properties.
   ABRACADA'BRA: the  name  of  a  Syrian
Idol,  according to  Selden.   This  word,  when
pronounced and repeated  in a certain form and
a certain number of times,  was supposed to have
the power of curing fevers and preventing many
diseases.  It  was figured  on amulets and worn
suspended around the neck.
              X3XDX31X
               J  X 1 X 2 t X
                X -1 X  3 1 X
                 "\  x d n x
                  X 3  -i  X
                    2 1 X
                     "1  X
                      X
  ABRACALAN,  A cabalistic term to which the
Jews attributed the  same virtue as to  the word
Abracadabra..
  ABRASAX, Abrabax.
  ABRA'SION, Aln-a'xio, Aposyr'ma,  Apoxys'-
mus, from abradere, (ab  and radere,) 'to rasp.'
A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance,
under  the form of small shreds, in the mucous
membrane of the intestines,—(F.) Raclures des
Boyaux.  Also,  an ulceration of the skin, pos-
sessing similar characters.  According  to Vicq
d'Azyr, the word has been used  for the absorp-
tion  of the  molecules  composing  the various
organs.
  ABRATHAX, Artemisia abrotanum.
  ABRAXAS, Abrabax.
  ABREVIATIOX, Abbreviation.
  ABRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca.
  ABROSIA, Abstinence.
  ABROTANUM,    Artemisia  abrotanum — a.
ABSINTniTES
Cathsum,  Artemisia abrotanum—a.  Mas, Arte-
misia abrotanum.
  ABROTONI'TES, (oivog, ♦wine,' understood.)
Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or
Southernwood.
  ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum.
  ABRUPTIO, Abduction.
  ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, Liq'uorice Bush,
Red Bean, Love pea. A small ornamental shrub,
found from Florida to Brazil, as well  as in Egypt
and the West Indies;  Xat. Ord.  Legumihosa:.
Sex. Syst.  Monadelpliia enneandria; having beau-
tiful scarlet seeds with a black spot.  The roots
and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demulcents.
The seeds of the American kind are considered
to be purgative and poisonous.
  ABSCESS, from abscedo, (aba, and cedere,) 'I
depart,' or 'separate from.'  Absces'sus, Absees'-
aio, Aphistc'sia, Aposte'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sia,
Reces'sus, Impoa'thume. (F.)Abces, Depot.  A col-
lection of pus in a cavity, the result of a morbid
process.   See Pyogenia, and Suppuration.
   The French have various distinctive  terms for
Abscesses.
   ABCES CHAUD,  AIGU,  S0UDA1X, is one
which follows violent inflammation.
   ABCES FROW, GHROXIQUE, SCR OFU-
LEUX,  one which is the result of chronic or
scrofulous inflammation.
   ABCES  PAR OOXGESTIOX,  A.  diathe-
sique, a symptomatic abscess; one which occurs
in a part at a distance  from the inflammation by
which it  is  occasioned: e. g. a lumbar abscess;
in which the inflammation may be in the lumbar
vertebras, whilst  the  pus exhibits itself at the
groin.
  Abscess,  Metastatic, Absces'sus metastat'-
icus, (F.) Alices mitastatique; A. consSctitif, an
abscess, which forms  suddenly, and sometimes
without any precursory signs of inflammation, in
a part of the  body remote from one in a state
of  suppuration,  and without  presenting a suffi-
cient reason  for  its development in the place
which it occupies.  It is a consequence of phle-
bitis.
  Abscess,  Perforating of  the  Lung,  see
Lung, perforating abscess of the—a. Psoas, Lum-
bar abscess—a. Retropharyngeal,  see Retropha-
ryngeal.
  Abscessus Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum,
Cephalasmatoma—a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—
a.  Gangrasnescens, Anthrax—a.  Gangrsenosus,
Anthrax—a.  Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa
—a. Lumborum,  Lumbar abscess—a. Mamma?,
Mastodynia  apostematosa—a.  Metastaticus,  Ab-
scess, metastatic—a. Nucleatus, Furunculus—a.
Oculi,  Hypopyon — a.  Pectoris, Empyema—a.
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema—a.  Renalis,  Ne-
phrapostasis—a. Spirituosus, Aneurism—a. Tho-
racis, Empyema—a. Urinosus, Urapostema.
  ABSCISSTO PRiEPUTII,  Circumcision.
  ABSCIS'SION, Abscis'io, Abscis'sio,  from ab-
scidere  or abscindere,  'to cut off,'  Apoc'o/te,
Apothrau'sis, Diac'ope.  Excision or extirpation
of a part, especially of a soft  part.—Fabricius
Hildanus.
  Fracture or injury of soft parts, with  loss of
substance.—Hippocrates.
  Diminution, or  loss of voice.—Celsus..
  Sudden and premature  termination of a  dis-
ease.—Galen.
  ABSCOXSIO, Sinus.
  ABSEXCE BU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE,
see Murmur, respiratory.
  ABSINTHI'TES, atyivSims, Apsinthi'tes, Wine
impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood.—
Dioscorides. 
ABSINTHIUM
33
ACAJOU
  ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph. U. S.,)  Artemisia ab-
Rinthium—a. Marinum, Artemisia maritima—a.
Maritimum, Artemisia maritima—a.  Ponticum,
Artemisia pontica—a. Romanum, Artemisia pon-
tica—a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica—a.
Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium.
  ABSORBAXT, Absorbent.
  ABSOR'BENT, Absor'bens, from absorbere, (ab
mil  sorbere,) 'to drink, to suck up.'  (F.) Ab-
eorbant.   That which absorbs.
  Absorbent System is the collection of vessels,
Vasa absorben'tia  seu resorben'tia, and glands,
which concur in the exercise of absorption.
  A  medicine used for absorbing acidity  in the
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &o. In-
vertens, Resor'bens, Sat'urans.
  Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge,
&c,  which, when applied to  a bleeding surface,
retains the blood, and forms with it  a  solid and
adhesive  compound, which arrests  the hemor-
rhage.
  ABSORPTIO,  Absorption — a.  Sanguinis,
Haemorrhophesis.
  ABSORP'TION,  Resorp'tio, Inhala'tio,  Im-
bibi"tio, Absorp'tio, Anat'rhophe, Anarrophe'aia,
Catapino'sis, Rho£bde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sia, Ca-
tar'rhophe ; same etymon.   The function  of ab-
sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up
substances from without or within the body. Two
great divisions have  been made of this function.
1. External absorption, or the absorption of com-
position, which  obtains from without the organs
the  materials  intended  for  their composition;
and, 2. Internal absorption, or  the absorption of
decomposition,  which takes up from the organs
the  materials that have to be replaced by the
exhalants.
  By external absorption is meant not only that
which takes place  at the external surface of the
body, but also that of the mucous membranes of
the digestive and respiratory passages.  Hence,
again, the division of external absorption into cu-
taneous—resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis,  inhala'tio
cutis,—intestinal or digestive, and pidmonary or
respiratory.
  Internal  absorption  is also subdivided into,
1. Molecular or interstitial, nutritive, organic, or
decomposing, which takes up from each organ the
materials that constitute it, so that the decompo-
sition is always in  equilibrio with the deposition.
2. The absorption of recrementitial secreted ftuida,
such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia,
<tc.  As these are constantly exhaled on surfaces
which have no external outlet, they would aug-
ment indefinitely, if absorption did  not remove
them in the same proportion as that in which they
are deposited.  3. The absorption of a part of the
excrementitial fluida, as they pass over the excre-
tory passages.
  Absorption does not effect the decomposition of
the  body immediately.  It merely prepares the
fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory
organs.
  The great agents of external absorption  are the
veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp-
tion, probably the  lymphatics. In  the chylife-
rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always
found  to possess the  same  general properties.
In  them; therefore,  an action  of elaboration or
selection mnst have taken  place.   The veins, on
the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any
fluid,  possessing the  necessary  tenuity,  passes
through the coats, of the vessel readily by imbibi-
tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the
circulation.  Watery fluids in this manner enter
the blood when they are taken into the stomach.
Suhstances that require digestion, on the other
hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels
and thoracic duct.
  Absorption of Composition, see Absorption—
a. Cutaneous,  see Absorption—a. of Decomposi-
tion, see Absorption—a. Digestive,  see  Absorp-
tion—a. External, see Absorption—a.  of Excre-
mentitial  Secreted Fluids,  see  Absorption —a.
Internal, see Absorption—a.  Intestinal,  see Ab-
sorption—a. Interstitial, see Absorption—a. Mole-
cular, see Absorption—a. Nutritive, see Absorption
—a.  Organic, see Absorption—a. Pulmonary, see
Absorption—a. of Recrementitial Secreted Fluids,
see Absorption—a. Respiratory, see Absorption.
  ABSTEME, Abstemious.
  ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'miua, Aoi'noa, fromabs,
'without,' and temetum, 'wine.'   (F.) Absteme.
Used by the ancient  writers,  as  well as by  the
French, in the sense only of its  roots; one who
abstains from wine or fermented liquors in  ge-

  ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents.
  ABSTERSIVA, Detergents.
  ABSTERSORIA, Detergents.
  AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, fromabs, 'from,'
and  tenere, 'to  hold/ Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'-
chia, Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation,  usually
voluntary, as when we speak of abatinence from
pleasure, abstinence from drink, &c.  It is more
particularly used to signify voluntary privation of
certain articles of food.   Fasting is  a  useful re-
medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in
those of an inflammatory character.
  ABSUS, a  kind of cassia—C. Absus—which
grows in Egypt and in India, the  seeds of which,
pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar have
been employed, in form of a dry collyrium, in the
endemic ophthalmia of Egypt.
  ABU'LIA; from o, 'privative,' and/?ouXi7, 'will.'
Loss of the will, or of volition.
  ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who  has lost
the power of will or of volition.
  ABUS  DE SOI-ME3IE, Masturbation.
  ABUTA, Pareira brava.
  ABU'TILON CORDA'TUM,  Si da abutilon,
 Yellow mallow.  An  indigenous  plant, common
from Canada to Mexico,  which resembles common
mallow in its medical virtues, being mucilaginous
and  demulcent.
  ABVACUA'TIO, an  excessive or colliquative
evacuation of any kind.
  ACACIA, (Ph.U.S.)  Acaciae gummi—a. Cate-
chu, 'Catechu—a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia—
a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa—a. Giraffae, see
Accaciae gummi—a. Horrida, see Acaciae gummi
—a. Indica, Tamarindus—-a. Nilotica, see Acaciae
gummi—a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa—a. Sene-
gal,  see Acaciae gummi—a. Vera, see Acaciae gum-
mi—a. Zeylonica, Ha?matoxylon Campcchianum.
  ACACIAE  GUMMI,  Aca'cia,  from  men,  'a
point,' so called in consequence of its  spines, G.
Aca'cia Arab'ica, G.  Arab'icum, G. Acanth'inum,
 G.  Leucum,  G. Theba'icum,  G.  Serapio'nia, G."
Lamac, G. Senega, or Seneca, (see Senegal, gum,)
 Gum Ar'abic.  (F.) Gomme Arabique.  The gum
of theAca'c?a sexiMimo'aa Xilot'ica, Aca'cia vera,
Spina JEgyptiaea, of Upper Egypt,  Nat.  Ord.
Mimoseae.  Sex. Syst. Polygamia Moncecia.  It
is in irregular pieces, colourless or of a pale yel-
low  colour, hard, brittle, of a shining fracture,
transparent,  soluble  in  water, and insoluble in
alcohol, s. g. T4317.
  It is mucilaginous; but is rarely used, except
in pharmacy.  Sometimes it is administered alone
as a demulcent.
  Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffes, of South Afri-
ca, yield a good gum.
  ACAJOU, Anacardium oceidentale. 
ACAMATUS
39
ACCIDENTAL
  Acajuba  Officinalis,  Anacardium occiden-
tal e.
  Acal'yphaVirgin'ica, Three-aeeded mer'eury.
Order, Euphorbiaceae, indigenous, flowering in
August, is said to have expectorant and diuretic
properties.
  ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and Kapvw, 'I la-
bour.'  This word has been sometimes used for
a good constitution of the body.  According to
Galen, it means that position in which a limb is
intermediate between  flexion and extension;  a
position which  may be long  maintained without
fatigue.
  ACAMPSIA, Contractura.
  ACANOS, Onopordium  acanthium.
  Acanos Spina, Onopordium acanthium.
  ACAN'THA, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous
process of a vertebra.
  ACAXTIIAB'OLUS, Acan'thxdua,   Volael'la,
from axavSa, 'a spine,' and (iaWui,  'I cast out.'
A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds.—Paulus of jEgina, Fabri-
cius ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, <fec.
  ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops.
  AC AN THE  FAUSSE,  Heracleum  spondy-
lium.
  ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium.
  ACANTIIULUS, Acanthabolos.
  ACANTHUS MOLLIS, same etymon as Aca-
cia, Melamphyl'tum,  Branca ursi'na seu  vera,
Brankur'aine, Bear'a Breech.  (F.) Pied d'oura.
This  plant  is  mucilaginous like Althaea, and is
used as a demulcent.
  AC A PAT LI, Pipe* longum.
  ACAR'DIA, from  a, priv., and KapSta,  'the
heart.'  The state of  a foetus without  a heart.
  ACARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart, atrophy of the.
  ACARICIDE, from acarua, and cadere, 'to
kill.'   A destroyer of acari, — as of  the acarus
scabies.
  ACARICOBA.  The Brazilian name,for Hy-
drocot'yle umbella'tum, used by  the  Indians as
an  aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic.
  ACARON, Myrica gale.
  ACARP'iE,  from  a, 'privative,' and icap-nos,
'fruit.'  A  division of the  family  of cutaneous
diseases  by Fuchs, in which there is no  "fruit,"
(Germ. Frucht,) or production from the cutane-
ous surface — tubercles,  vesicles  or pustules.
Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be-
long to it.
  ACARUS,  from a, privative,  and icapnT, 'di-
visible.'  A minute insect, one species of which
has been noticed by several observers, in the
itch.   The Acarua Scabiei, see Psora.
  Acarus  Ciro,  see Psora— a.  Comedonum,
Acarus Folliculorum.
  Ac'arus  Cros'sei. An  insect  supposed by
Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been developed
in a solution of silicate of potassa when submitted
to slow galvanic action, for the purpose of obtain-
ing crystals of silex.  It did not,  however, prove
to be a new formation.
  Acarus Folliculo'rum, Entozo'on, Folliculo'-
rum,  A.  Oomedo'num, De'modex folliculo'rum,
Si mo'nca folliculo'rum, Steatozo' on folliculo' rum,
Macrogas'tcr plat'ypua.   An articulated animal-
cule, discovered in the sebaceous substance of the
cutaneous follicles. According to Professor Owen,
it belongs to the Arachnida.
  Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora.
  ACATALEP'SIA,  from a, privative, and tcara-
\api[iaviti, 'I comprehend.'  Uncertainty in dia-
gnosis.  Its opposite  is Catalepsia.—Galen.
  ACATAP'OSIS,  from a  privative, and  xara-
•foaif, 'deglutition.'   Incapacity  of swallowing.
Vogel has given this  name to difficulty of deglu-
tition.
  ACATASTAT'IC, Acataatat'icus, from a, priv.,
and KaSiBTnm, 'to determine.'  An epithet given
to fevers, &c, when irregular in their periods or
symptoms.—Hippocrates.
  ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and naSatpify,
'I purge;' Sordea, Impurities.  Omission of a pur-
gative.—Foesius.
  ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is
astringent and aromatic.   A bath of it is used in
that country in cases of hemicrania.  It is sup-
posed to be the Caaaytha filiformis of Linnaeus.
  ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum  serpentinum.
  ACCABLEMENT, Torpor.
  ACOJZLERATEUR, Accelerator urinse.
  ACCELERATOR PARTUS,  Abortive.
  Accelerator Uri'n^e, Bulbo-caverno'sus, Bul-
bo-uretral—(Ch.)  Ejacula'tor Semi'nis, Bulbo-
ayndesmo-caverneux.  (F.) Accelerateur, from ad
and celer, 'quick.'  A muscle of the penis, which
arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani  and mem-
branous part of the urethra, and tendinous from
the crus and beginning of the corpus cavernosuni
penis.   In its course it forms  a thin, fleshy layer,
the inferior fibres of which run more transversely
than the superior, which  descend in  an oblique
direction; the muscles of both  sides completely
enclosing the bulb of the urethra.  It is inserted
into its fellow by a tendinous  line running longi-
tudinally on  the middle of the bulb. Its use is to
propel the urine or semen forwards.
  ACCENT, Sonus  vocis, from ad and canere,
cantum, to sing.  Inflection or modification of the
voice, which consists in raising  or dropping it on
certain syllables.
  The  accent exhibits various alterations in dis-
ease.   v
  ACCES, Paroxysm.
  ACCES'SION. Acces'aio, from accedo, (ad and
cedere,) 'I approach.'  The invasion, approach,
or commencement of a disease.
  ACOESSOIRE, Accessory—a. du long Flech is-
aeur commun dea orteils: see Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis  profundus perforans (accessorius)—
a. de V Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus
—a. du pied d'Hippocampe: see Cornu ammonis
—a. du Sacro-lombaire: see Saero-lumbalis.
  ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONUUS DIGI-
TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)—a. Pedis
hippocampi;—see Cornu ammonis.
  ACCESSORY, Acceaao'rius,  (F.) Accessoire,
Annexe, same  etymon.   A  consequence or de-
pendence on any thing; as  accessory ligament,
muscle, nerve, &c.
  Accessory of the Parot'id  is a name given
by  Haller to a small gland, which accompanies
the  parotid duct,  and is  commonly a mere pro-
longation of the parotid itself.  See Parotid.
  Accessory Sciences  to Medicine are those
which do not relate  directly to  the  science of
man in a state of health or disease; as physics,
chemistry, &c.
  Accessory of the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve.
  The  term accessory is also  given  to several
muscles.
  ACCESSUS, Coition.
  ACCIDEXS, Symptoma—a.  Oonsecutifs, Con-
secutive phenomena.
  ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, fromaccidere, (aiiand
cadere,) 'to happen.'  A casualty; an  unforeseen
event.  The French use the  term in nearly the
same sense as aymptom.  It means also an unex-
pected symptom.
  ACCIDENTAL, AdventV'tioua.  That which
happens unexpectedly.
  The French give the name Tiasus accidentels,
to those adventitious textures, that aro th# result
of a morbid process. 
ACCIPITER
40
ACETAS
   ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, \tpa*, 'the hawk,' from
 accipcre (ad and capio,) 'to take.'  Menec'ratia
 Accip'iter.  (F.) Epervier.  A bandage applied
 over the nose, so called  from its  likeness to  the
 claw of a hawk.
   ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti asaue'tua, (from ad
 and clima.)  A word of recent introduction from
 the French, which means 'accustomed to a  cli-
 mate.'
   ACCL IMA TEMENT, Acclimation.
   ACCLIMATION, Seasoning.  (F.) Acclimate-
 ment.  The act of becoming acclimated, or accus-
 tomed to a climate.
   The constitution of a person, who goes to live
 in another and a very different climate, usually
 experiences changes, which are frequently of an
 unfavourable character, and the  study of which
 is of considerable importance in medicine.
   ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction.  (F.) Ac-
 compagnement, (compagnon, 'an associate.') That
 which is joined to any thing.
   Accompaniment to the cataract is  a whitish,
 viscid  substance, which sometimes surrounds  the
 opake  crystalline, and remains after the operation
 for cataract, causing a secondary  cataract.
   ACCOUGHEE,  Puerpera.
   ACCOUCHEMENT,  Parturition—o.  Labori-
 ous, Dystocia—a. Contre nature, see Presentation,
 preternatural—a. Laborieux, Laborious labour.
   ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partus,  06-
 atet'ric<j,na, Obstetri"cius,  Maieu'ter,  Maieu'tes.
 He who practises the art of midwifery. A physi-
 cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a Man-
 midwife, <fec.
   ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife.
   ACCOUPLEMENT,  Coition.
   AOCOUTUMANCE,  Habit.
   ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from ad, 'to,' and
 crescere, 'to increase."   Augmentation; also,  in-
 crease by juxtaposition.
   ACCROISSEMENT, Increase.
   ACCUSATIO, Indication.
   ACE'DIA, Incu'ria,  from  a,  privative, and
 Krjdog,  'care.'' Want of care, neglect.  Also,  fa-
 tigue.—Hippocrates.
  ACELLA, Axilla.
   ACENINOSUS,  Curative.
   ACEOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia.
   ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica.
   ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous.
   ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS, from  a,  privative,
 KctpaXn, 'head,'  and  fipa^iuv, 'arm.'  A foetus
 without head or arms.
   ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative,  «-
 <pa\n,  'head,' and xtlP> 'hand.'  A foetus without
 head or hands.
  ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tia, from a,
 privative, xecpaXn, 'head,' and kvotis,  'bladder.'
 A hydatiform vesicle,  without head  or visible
 organs, ranked amongst the Entozoa, although
 possessed of few animated characteristics.  In no
 organ of the body are acephalocysts so frequently
 found as in the liver.  Generally it is  the 'mul-
 tiple acephalocyst,' A.  socia'lis  seu prolif era,
 which  is met with.  At  times, however, it is the
 'solitary acephalocyst,' A. eremi'ta seu ster'ilia.
  The acephalocyatia endog"ena  has a  firm coat,
 and is composed of different layers, which have
 numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and
 are thrown off from the interior of the parent
 cyst.   This species has  hence been termed  en-
 dogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena
of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles
 sire developed from the exterior of the parent
vesicle.—See Hydatid.
  ACEPHALOGAS'TER,   Athoracoceph'alua,
from a privative, KctpaXrj,  ' head,' and yaarnp, ' the
belly.'  A name  given to monsters  devoid of head,
 chest, and abdomen;  or to those whioh have an
 abdomen, but no chest or head.
  ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a privative, Kt^aU,
 ' head,' and aroua, ' mouth.'  An acephalous foetus,
 at the upper part of  which there is an  opening
 resembling a mouth.
  ACEPHALOTHO'RUS,   from  a  privative,
 KC(paSn, 'head,' andSwpaf,'chest,' Apectoceph'alus.
 A monster devoid of head or chest.
  ACEPH'ALOUS, from a privative, and Kc<pa\t),
 'head.'   A monster born devoid of head.  The
 condition is  called Acepha'lia.
  ACER, Acrid.
  Acer  Palmifolium, A. Sacoharinum.
  Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmifo'lium. Maple,
 Sugar Maple.  (F.) Arable.  This  tree contains
 a large amount of sweet sap, whence a consider-
 able quantity of sugar may be extracted.  When
 purified,  this sugar can scarcely be  distinguished
 from that obtained from the cane.—See  Saccha-
 rum.
  Acera'tes Longifo'lia,  Long-leaved green
 Milkweed;  Order,  Asclepiadaceae; indigenous,
 flowering in June and July; has the  properties
 of the order.  See Asclepias.
  ACERATO'SIS, from a privative, and iccpas,
 'horn.'   Defective development of  the corneous
 tissue.
  ACERB',   Acer'bus, Stryphnoa,  from  acer,
 'sharp.'  A  savour, or taste, compounded of the
 acid, bitter, and astringent;  such as is met with
 in unripe fruits, &o.
  ACER'CUS,  from a privative, and  Ktpxos, 'a
 tail.'  A  monster devoid of tail.—Gurlt.
  ACE'RIDES, Aoero'dea, from a privative, and
 xnpos, ' wax.'  Plasters devoid of wax.—Galen.
  ACERODES, Acerides.
  ACERO'SUS, Achyro'dea,  Pithyri'nna,  from
 a^vpov, ' chaff.'  Furfura'ceoua.  An epithet used
 by Hippocrates, for the coarsest bread, made of
 flour not separated from the chaff.—Foe'sius.
  ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland
—a.  Glandulus Pinealis, see Pineal  Gland.
  ACES'CENCY, Acescen'tia, from acescere, 'to
grow sour/ (a<cij, 'apoint/ acer, 'sharp.')  A dis-
position to acidity.  The humourists  believed that
the animal humours are susceptible of this change.
  ACESIA,  Cure.
  ACESIS, Curation,  Cure, Medicament.
  ACESMA, Medicament.
  ACESMIUS,  Curable.
  ACESMUS, Cure.
  ACESODYNES, Anodyne.
  ACESOPHORUS, Curative.
  ACESTER, Physician.
  ACESTIS, Medicament
  ACESTOR, Physician.
  ACESTORIA, Medicine.
  ACESTORIS, Midwife.
  ACESTOS, Curable.
  ACESTRA, Needle.
  ACESTRIA,  Midwife.
  ACESTRIS, Midwife.
  ACESTRCM, Medicament.
  ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica,
  ACETABULA  UTERINA, Cotyledons.
  ACETAB'ULUM, from acetum, ' vinegar,'be-
cause it  resembles the old vinegar vessel, oxy-
 baph'ion.  A measure capable of containing the
eighth part of a  modern pint. Athenaeus. Galen.
 See Cotyloid. According to Castelli, the lobes or
cotyledons of the placentae of ruminating animals
have been so called.
  Acetabulum, Cotyle, Cotyloid—a. Humeri, see
Glenoid—a.  Marinum, Umbilicus jnarinus.
  ACETA'RIA, same etymon.    A  salad  or
pickle.
  ACETAS, Acetate. 
ACETATE
41
ACHEIR
  ACETATE, Ace'taa.  A salt formed by  the
union of the acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy,
or metallic base.  The acetates chiefly used in
medicine  are  the acetates of  ammonia, lead,
potash, and zinc.
  ACE'TICA, Ace'ta Medica'ta.  (F.) Vinaigres
Mcdicinaux.    Pharmaceutical  preparations  of
vinegar.
  ACE'TICUM AC'IDUM, Acidum  Ace'ticum
for'tins, A. A. forte, A. Ace'ticumpurum, Ace'turn
radica'le,  Oxos,  Ace'tic Acid,  Strong Ace'tous
Acid, Acidum Aceto' sum forte, Rad'ical Vin'egar,
Spir'itus  Ven'eria (when made from verdigria,)
Spirit of Verdigris.  Concentrated acetic acid,
prepared by decomposing an acetate and  receiv-
ing  the acetic acid  by distillation, has  a very
pungent  and grateful odour, and an acid  and
acrid taste.  Its  s. g. is about  1.046, and it is
very volatile.
  It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, and
is applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia,
headache, &c.  It destroys warts.
  An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idum Ace'-
ticum (Jamjiliora'tum, A. aceto'sum camphor a' turn,
is formed of this strong acid, ^vj, Camphor, ^ss,
 01.  Oaryoph. gtt. XV.
  A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon-
don pharmacopoeia prepared from wood.  It was
called Vinegar of wood, Improved distilled Vine-
gar, Pyro/ig'' neoua Acid, Ace'turn Ligno'rum, and
its  strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized
subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100 grains
of the acid.
  Ac"idum Ace'ticum Dilu'tum, A. A. ten'ue, Ace'-
tum destilla'turn, Acidum ace'ticum, Acidum aceto'-
sum deatilla'turn, Acidum ace'ticum debil'iua, Dia-
til'led vin'egar, (F.) Acide Acetique faible, Vi-
naigre distille, is prepared by distilling vinegar,
until seven-eighths have passed over.  An Aci-
dum aceticum  dilutum,  Diluted  acetic  acid, is
made by  mixing  half a pint of the strong acetic
acid with five pints of distilled water.—Ph. U. S.
Its properties are like those of vinegar.
  Aceticum Martiale, Ferri Acetas.
   ACETONE, from acetum, 'vinegar.'  Spir'itus
pyro-ace'ticua ligno'aua, Pyro-ace'tic apirit,Pyro-
oce'tic, Ether,  Meait'ic Al'cohol,  Bihydrate  of
Meait'ylene;  erroneously  called  Naphtha  and
 Wood  Naphtha.  A  limpid, colourless  liquid,
having a  peculiarly penetrating and slightly em-
pyreumatic odour.  Its density in the liquid stote,
is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921T Its
taste is disagreeable,  and analogous  to  that of
peppermint.   It  is  miscible  in all proportions
with water, alcohol, and ether.   It may be pre-
pared by distilling  a mixture  of two parts of
crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick-
lime in a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower
part of the jar being  coated with fire-clay;  and
a bent glass tube,  half an  inch in diameter,
adapted to the mouth by a cork,  so as to form a
distillatory apparatus.  The jar is supported on
the  mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower
part only is heated to redness,  and the vapours
are  conducted into  a Liebig's  condenser.   The
product is repeatedly redistilled from  quicklime,
until its boiling point is constant at 132°.
  It has  been brought  forward as a remedy in
phthisis  pulmonalis; but evidently with  un-
founded pretensions.   It is an excitant, and may
be  serviceable in  chronic  bronchitis.   The dose
is ten to forty drops  three times a day, diluted
with water.
  ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus —a.
Nostras, Rumex  acetosa — a. Pratensis,  Rumex
acetosa — a. Romana, Rumex scutatus — a.  Ro-
tundifolia, Runiex scutatus — a. Seutata,  Rumex
ecututu.5—a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa.
  ACETOSELLA, Oxalis acetosella.
  ACE'TUM, oivi, Oxya, Ace'tum Vini, A. Bri-
tan'nicum,  Common Vinegar, Acidum aceto'aum,
A'legar, Ace'tum. Cerevis'ice, (F.) Vinaigre ; from
aKts, ' a point/ acer, ' sharp.'  A liquor obtained
by the acetous fermentation.  Vinegar has a pun-
gent odour, and a pleasant acid taste.  One fluid
ounce of the  Acetum of the United States Phar-
macopoeia is saturated by about 35 grains of
crystallized bicarbonate of soda.  It is refrigerant
in fevers; antiseptic, and anti-narcotic; and ex-
ternally is stimulant and discutient.
   Vinegar Whey is made by  stirring  a small
wineglassful  of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert
spoonful of sugar, in a pint of milk; boiling for
fifteen minutes, and  straining.   Like tamarind
whey it is an  agreeable drink in febrile affections.
  Ace'tum Aromat'icum, Acidum Ace'ticum Aro-
mat'icum, Ace'tum Theriaca'le, A. quatuorfurum,
Thieves'  Vinegar, Vinegar of the four  Thieves,
Marseillea  Vinegar, (F.) Vinaigre Aromatique,
 V. des quatre voleurs, (Rorismarin. cacum. sice,
Fol. Salvia sing. §j. Larand. for. sice. %iv.  Ca-
ryoph. cont. SJss. Acid. Acet. Oij. Macerate 7 days,
and filter.—Ph. E.)  Odour, pungent and aroma-
tic.   Used as a perfume.
  Acetum Britannicum, Acetum.
  Ace'tum  Canthar'idis,  Vinegar of Cantha-
rides, (Cantharid. in pulv. |jiij. Acid. acet. f 5v.,
Acid, pyrolign. f^xv:  Euphorb.  in pulv. crass.
§ss.  Mix the acids; add the powders; macerate
for seven days;  strain; express  strongly, and
filter the liquor.—Ph. E.  The  London  College
macerates cantharid. ^ij in acid. acet.  Oj. for
eight days;  expresses and strains.)  It is used
as a prompt  vesicant.
  Ace'tum Col'chici, Vinegar of meadow saffron.
(Colchic. rad. eontue. ^ij ; Acid, acetic, dibit, seu
Acet. destillat.  Oij ; Ph. U. S. 1851.  It may also
be made by  displacement.)  It is used as a diu-
retic, and also  in gout.   Dose f £ss. to ^iss.
   Acetum Destillatum ; see Aceticum  acidum
—a. Lignorum :  see Aceticum acidum—a. Mul-
sum dulce, Oxyglycus—a. Opii, Guttae Nigras—
a. Quatuor furum, Acetum Aromaticum—a. Ra-
dicale, Aceticum Acidum—a. Rosatum Oxyrrho-
dinon.
  Acetum Scill.*:, Acidum Ace'ticum  Scillit'-
icum.   Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre scilli-
tiqne,  (Scilla contus.  ^iv; Acet. destillat.  Oij;
Ph. U. S.  It  may also  be made by displace-
ment.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic.  Dose
f £ss to gij as a diuretic and expectorant.
  Acetum Theriacale, Acetum aromaticum.
   ACEYTE  DE  SAL.  A remedy for broncho-
cele used in  S. America.  Roulin found it to con-
tain a portion of  iodine.
   ACHACANA.  A species of cactus, in the pro-
vince of Potosi in Peru.   Its root is thick  and
fleshy, and of a conical shape.   It is a good  edi-
ble, arid  is sold in the markets of the country.
   ACHANACA.   A plant  of the kingdom of
Mely in  Africa.  It is used by the natives as an
antis3'philitic.
   ACHAOVAN,  a species of Egyptian  chamo-
mile.—Prosper Alpinus.
   ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  The  Egyptian name
of Cineraria maritima, used in female diseases.
   ACHAR, Atchar.
   ACHE, Apium  graveolens—a. dee Montagnes,
Ligusticum levisticum.
   ACHEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a, priv., and XfiAoy,
' lip.'  A malformation, consisting in a deficiency
of a lip or lips.
   ACHEI'LUS,  Achi'lue, same  etymon.    One
who is without lips.
   ACHEIR, Achir, De'manua, from a, privative.
and %cip, ' hand.'   One d< void of hands.—Galen. 
ACHEIRIA
42
ACID
  ACnEI'RIA,  Achi'ria:  same  etymon.  The
state of being devoid of hands.
  ACHEROIS, Populus.
  ACHIA, Achiar.   A name given in India to
the pickled shoots of the bamboo.
  Achia, Atchar.
  ACHIAR, Achia.
  ACHICOLUM,  Aehit'olus, Hidrote'rion,  Su-
da'rium, Fornix,  Tholus,  Sudato'rium.   The
sweating-room in the ancient bagnios.
  ACHILLA., Acheilia.
  ACHILLE'A  AGE'RATUM, A.Visco1aa, Bal-
sa mi''ta fosmin'ea, Eupato'rium mes'ues, Age'ra-
tnm, Cos'tus horto'rum minor, Maudlin, Maudlin
Tansey;  (F.) Achillee  Visqueuse;   Nat.  Ord.
Compositae ;  Sub.  Ord.  Anthemideae ; Sex. Syst.
Syngenesia Polygamia sup'erflua,—has the same
properties as tansey, bitter  and aromatic, and is
used in like affections.
  Achillf/a Atra'ta,  Herba Gen'ipi veri, (F.)
Achillee Noire, has similar virtues.
  Achille'a  Millefolium,  Achille'a  Myrio-
phyl'lon,  Ghrysoe'oina, Mi/lefo'lium, ChiliophyV -
Ion, Lumbus  Ven'eris,  Common Yarrow or Mil-
foil.  (F.) Millefeuille.  The leaves and flowers
have an aromatic  smell, and a rough, bitterish,
somewhat  pungent taste.   They have been used
in dyspepsia, flatulence, <fcc.  An  extract  of the
plant, made  with  proof spirit, has been  called
Achillei'num ; and is used  by the Italians in  in-
termittent fever.
  Achille'a   Ptar'micA,  Pscudo-py'rethrum,
Py'rethrum sylves'tre, Draco sylves'tris, Tarchon
sylvestris, Sternutamento'ria, Dracun''cuius Pra-
ten'sis, Sneeze-wort, Bastard Pel'litory, Ptar'mica.
(F.) Herbe & eternuer.  The  roots and  flowers
have a hot, biting  taste, approaching that of py-
rethrum.  Their principal use is as a masticatory
and sialogogue.
  Achillea Viscosa, A. Ageratum.
  ACHILLEE  NOIRE,  Achillea  atrata — a.
 Visqueuse, Achillea ageratum.
  ACHILLEINUM, see Achillea Millefolium.
  ACHILLE'IS.  A beautiful species of barley,
mentioned by Theophrastus  and  Galen,  called
after Achilles, a labourer.  The  decoction  was
used in fevers and jaundice.—Hippocrates.
  ACHIL'LIS  TENDO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis,
Corda seu Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda  magna,
Nervus latus, (F.)  Tendon d'Achille.  The strong
tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above the
heel:  so called,  because it was the only vulnera-
ble part of Achilles, or because  of its strength.
See Tendon.
  ACHILUS, Acheilus.
  ACHIMBASSI.  An  arehiater or chief of phy-
sicians.  A name  given, at  Grand  Cairo, to a
magistrate who licenses physicians.
  ACHIR, Acheir.
  ACHIRIA, Acheiria.
  ACHITOLUS, Achicolum.
  ACHLYS, Caligo.
  ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
  ACHNE.  Lint.  See Linteuro.  Also, small
mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea.—
Hippocrates.
  ACHOL'IA, from a, privative, and x°^v> 'bile.'
Deficiency or want of bile.
  ACH'OLUS :  same etymon.  One deficient in
bile.
  ACHOR, Porrigo larvalis.
  ACHO'RES.  A term often employed  by the
ancients to designate   both  crusta lac'tea, and
small  superficial ulcerations on the  skin of  the
face and head.  See Porrigo Larvalis.
  Achores Capitis, Porrigo scutulata.
  ACHORION  SCHONLEINI.  See Porrigo fa-
vosa.
  ACHORIS'TUS,  from a, priv., and x^P'fa, 'I
separate.'   Any sign which necessarily accompa-
nies a state of health or disease.
  ACHOUROU.  The Caraib name for a species
of myrtle used in dropsy.
  ACHRAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota—a.  Sapota,
Sapota—a. Zapota, Sapota.
  ACHROI, Achromaticti, Achro'rnati, Achro'mi,
from a, privative, and x?"!"1' ' colour.' Pale indi-
viduals.—Hippocrates.  It is nearly synonymous
with \ii<paiuoi, leipha'mia, persons without colour;
bloodless.
  ACHROMASIA. Decoloration.
  ACHROMATI, Achroi.
  ACHROMAT'ICj-AeAromat'i'ciis; same etymon.
A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration
of refrangibility of  common lenses, is so termed.
The Crystalline is an achromatic lens.
  ACHROMATISTI, Achroi.
  ACHRO M A TOPSIA,  Chromatopseudop'sia,
Ohromatometablep'sia,  Dyschromatop'sia,  Para-
chro'ma, Parora'sis, Visus de'color, Colour blind-
ness, Idiop'tcy, Dal'tonism, from a, privative, XP10'
ua, 'colour/ and onrouai, 'I see.'  Incapability of
distinguishing colours;  a defect situate in the ce-
rebral part of the visual organ.  Persons so cir-
cumstanced have been termed by  Mr. Whewell,
Idiopta.  See  Acyanoblepsia and Anerythropsia.
  ACHROMI, Achroi.
  ACHYLO'SIS, from  a,  privative, and X"Ao?>
'juice, chyle.'  Defective chylosis  or formation
of chyle.
  ACHYMO'SIS,  from a, privative, and  xvli0S>
'juice, chyme.'  Defective chymification.
  ACHYRODES, Acerosus.
  ACHYRON, Furfur.
  A'CIA, from axis, a point.  A word  used by
Celsus, which has  puzzled commentators,—some
believing it to have meant a needle; others the
thread; and others, again, the  kind of suture.
"Ada mollis, non nimis  torta."—Celsus, Galen.
(Chifflet thinks it  meant the thread.—Antwerp,
1638.)
  ACID, Ac"idua,  Oxya.  (F.) Acide, Aigre, from
axis, 'a point;' sharp;  sour; especially  as ap-
plied to odorous or sapid substances.  The French
also  use the term aigre,  when  referring to the
voice, in the  sense of sharp and shrill:—as une
voix aigre, vox aspera.
  Acid, Acetic, Aceticum  acidum — a. Acetic,
dilute, see Aceticum acidum.
  Acid,  Acetous,  Strong, Aceticum  acidum
— a.  Aerial,  Carbonic acid — a.  Antimonious,
Antimonium diaphoreticum—a. Arsenious, Arse-
nicum album—a. Auric, see Gold—a. Azotic, Ni-
tric acid—a.  Benzoic, Benjamin, flowers of—a.
Boric, Boracic acid—a. Calcareous, Carbonic acid
—a. Carbonaceous; Carbonic acid—a. Carbonous,
Oxalic  acid—a. Chromic, see Chromic acid—a.
Citric, Citric acid—a.  Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic
acid — a.  Cyanohydric,  Hydrocyanic acid—a.
Gastric, Gastric juice.
  Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum Gall'icum. (F.) Acide
Gallique.  This acid is found in most of the astrin-
gent plants that contain tannic  acid of  the kind
obtained from galls.  It is in delicate silky nee-
dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and
of a harsh, somewhat astringent  taste.   It dis-
solves in  one hundred parts of cold and threo
parts of boiling water.   It is very soluble in alco-
hol,  and but slightly so in ether.
  It has been highly extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from  the urinary organs and
uterus.   Dose from ten to twenty grains.
  The last Pharmacopoeia of the  United States
(1851) directs it to be made by  exposing a thin
paste of powdered  galls and distilled water for a
month, adding the water from time to time to pre- 
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE
43
ACIDUM ACETICUM
serve the consistence; expressing the paste; boil-
ing the residue in distilled water; filtering through
animal charcoal, and crystallizing.
  Acid, Hippu'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro-
ben'zoic acid.  An acid found in the urine of gra-
minivorous animals.   It is contained in human
urine, especially after benzoic acid has been taken.
See  Hippuria.
  Acid,  Hydriod'ic,  Ac"idum  Hydriod'icum.
This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide
of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor
to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding
water to make the resulting hydriodic acid of de-
finite strength.
   It has been used in the same  cases  as the pre-
parations of iodine in general/but is  rarely em-
ployed.
   Acid. Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid
—a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted—a. Hydrothi-
onic, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric : see
Jatropha curcas.
   Acid, Ionic, Ac"idum Iod'icum,  (F.) Acide
Iodique.   This is  obtained  by boiling  iodine
with nitric  acid; or by decomposing iodate  of
baryta by  dilute sulphuric acid.  It is a white,
transparent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very
soluble in water. It has been given with sulphate
of quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis,
chronic inflammation, syphilis, &o. Dose three to
six grains,  or more.
   Acid  of Lemons, Citric acid—a. Lithic, Uric
acid — a.  Dephlogisticated  marine,  Chlorine —
a. Mephitic, Carbonic  acid — a. of Milk, Lactic
acid — a. Muriatic,  see Muriaticum acidum — a.
Muriatic,  dilute,  Muriaticum acidum — a. Ni-
 tric, see Nitric acid—a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric
Acid—a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid
—a. Nitro-Muriatic, see Nitro-Muriatic Aeid—a.
 Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitric acid—a. Oxysep-
 tonic, Nitric acid—a. Polygalic:  see Polygala se-
 nega—a. Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Pyrolig-
 neous: see Aceticum acidum—a. Pyrolignic, Py-
 roligneous  acid—a.  of Sorrel, Oxalic acid—a. of
 Sugar, Oxalic acid—a.  Sulphuric, see Sulphuric
 acid—a. Tannic, Tannin—a. Uric, Uric acid—a.
 Urobenzoic, A. Hippuric—a. Urous, Uric oxide—
 a. Urylic, Uric acid—a. Chromique, Chromic acid.
   A CIDE AOETIQ UE FAIBLE, see Aceticum
 acidum — a. Boracique,  Boracic acid — a, Chro-
 mique, Chromic acid — a. Gallique, Acid, gallic
 — nr.  Hydrocyanique,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.
 Hydrosulfurique,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.
 Iodique, Acid, iodic — a. Lactique, Lactic acid—
 a. Xitriqne, Nitric acid—a. Phosphorique, Phos-
 phoric acid—-a. Prussique, Hydrocyanic aeid—a.
 Sulfureux, Sulphurous acid—a. Sulfurique, Sul-
 phuric acid—a. Sulfurique delaye, Sulphuricum
 acidum  dilutum—a. Tannique, Tannin.
   ACIDITATIO, Acidities.
   ACID'ITIES,  Aco'res,  Acidita'tio,  Ac"idum
 morbo'sum, Ac"'idnm prima'rum via'rum, Oxytes,
 Sordes ac"ida.  (F.) Aigrenrs.   Sourness of the
 stomach, the result of indigestion, indicated  by
 acid eructations, Ac.   The affection  is very com-
 mon in children, and must be obviated by absorb-
 ents,  as magnesia, chalk, &c, and by regulated
 diet.
   ACIDOLOG"IA,  from an?, 'apoint, a sharp
 instrument,' and Aoyoj,  ' a description.'   A  de-
 scription of surgical instruments.
   ACIDOM'ETER, (F.)Acidometre, Pese-acide,
 from  acid,  and uerpov, measure.  A hydrometer
 for  determining the density of acids. *
   ACIDS, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or
 gaseous  bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less
 caustic taste, and the principal character of which
is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part,
the alkaline properties of bases.
  Acids, in general,  are refrigerent and antisep-
tic.  Their particular uses are pointed out under
the individual articles.
  To ACID'ULATE.   (F.)  Aiguiser, Aciduler.
To  render acidulous, or slightly acid.
  ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus,  Oxo'des,  Oxoi'des.
(F.) Acidule, Aigrelet.   Substances are so called
which possess a sourish taste, as tamarinds, cream
of tartar, &c.
  Acidulous Fruits.  Oranges, gooseberries, &c.
  Acidulous Waters, Aquce Acidula.  Mineral
waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to
render them sourish.  See Waters, mineral.
  Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car-
bon'ici, (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris ftxi, Aqua acid'-
ula simplex, Liquor  seu Aqua Soda efferves'cena,
Aqua Carbona'tia Soda acid'ula, Soda water, 3Ii-
neral water, (F.) Eau Acidule simple,  is  water
impregnated with fixed air.
  Water, so impregnated, is cooling, and slightly
stimulating.   It is used beneficially in dyspepsia,
and in cases of vomiting, &c.
  ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum  acidum—a.
Aceticum  aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum—a.
Aceticum camphoratum : see Aceticum acidum—■
a. Aceticum dilutum:  see Aceticum  Acidum—a.
Aceticum empyreumaticum,  Pyroligneous acid—■
a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillae—a. Ace-
tosellas,  Oxalic acid—a.  Acetosum,  Acetum—a.
Allantoicuin,. Allantoic acid—a. Amnicum, Am-
niotic acid—a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid—a.
Arseniosum, (Ph. U. S.) Arsenious acid—a. Azo-
ticum,  Nitric  Acid—a.  Benzoicum, Benjamin,
Flowers of—a. Boracicum, Boracic acid—a. Bo-
russicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. Carbonicum,
Carbonic acid—a. Citricum, Citric acid—a. Gal-
licum, Acid, gallic—a. Hydriodicum, Acid hydri-
odic—a. Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic acid—a. Hy-
drochloricum, Muriaticum acidum—a.  Hydrocy-
anicum, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydrocyanicum
dilutum, see Hydrocyanic Acid—a. Hydrothioni-
cum  liquidum, see  Hydrosulphuretted water—a.
 Iodicum, Acid, iodic—a. Jatrophicum, see Jatro-
pha curcas—a.  Lacticum, Lactic acid—a. Ligne-
 um,  Pyroligneous acid—a.  Ligni pyro-oleosum,
 Pyroligneous acid — a.  Lithicum, Uric acid—a.
 Marinum concentratum, Muriaticum acidum—a.
 Morbosum, Acidities—a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum
 acidum—a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriatic acid—a.
 Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-muriatic
 acid—a. Nitri, Nitric acid—a. Nitricum,  Nitric
 acid—a. Nitricum dilutum, Nitric acid—a. Nitro-
 Muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatic  acid—a. Oxalinum,
 Oxalic acid—a. Phosphoricura, Phosphoric acid
 —a. Primarum viarum, Acidities—a. Prussicum,
 Hydrocyanic acid—a. Pyro-aceticum, Pyroligne-
 ous acid—a. Pyrolignosum, Pyroligneous  acid—
 a.  Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Querci-
 tannicum,  Tannin—a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid—a.
 Saceharinum, Oxalic  acid—a.  Salis, Muriaticum
 acidum—a. Salis culinaris, Muriaticum acidum—■
 a.  Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum—a. Septicura,
 Nitric acid—a. Succinicum, Succinic acid—a. Sul-
 phuricum, Sulphuric acid—a. Sulphuricum alcoo-
 lisatum, Elixir acidum  Halleri—a. Sulphuricum
 aromaticum, Sulphuric acid, aromatic — a. Sul-
 phuricum dilutum, Sulphuric  acid, diltited —a.
 Sulphuris volatile,  Sulphurous acid—a. Sulphu-
 rosicum, Sulphurous  acid—a. Tannicum, Tannin
 —a. Tartari essentiale, Tartaric acid—a. Tartari-
 cum, Tartaric acid—a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid
 —a* Uricum, Uric acid—a.  Urolithicum, Uric
 acid—a. Vitriolicum, Sulphuric acid—a. Vitrioli-
 cum aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aromati-
 cum—a. Vitriolicum  alcohole  aromaticum, Sul
 phuricum acidum  aromaticum—a. Vitriolicum 
44                  ACOPIS
                ACIDURGIA                <

vinosum,  Elixir acidum Halleri—a. Zooticum,
Hydrocyanic acid—a.  Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic
acid.
  ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative.)
  ACIER, Chalybs.
  ACIES, Chalybs—a.  Digitorum manus,  Pha-
langes of the fingers—a. Diurha, Hemeralopia.
  ACINE'SIA,  Acine'sis, Akine'sia, Immobil'i-
tas, Quies, Requies, Requie'tio, Esych'ia, Erem'ia,
from a, privative, and  niv'nsris, motion/ Kiveia, 'I
move.'   Rest.   Immobility.  Also, the  interval
between the systole and diastole of  the heart—
Parasystole.
  Under the term Acineses, Remberg includes
the paralytic neuroses, or those that  are charac-
terized  by defect of motive power.
  ACINI OF MALPIGHI, Corpora Malp'ghiana.
  ACIXIF0RM1S (TUNICA)  Choroid, TJ/ea.
  ACINUS, Ac"inusglandulo'8ue, from ac"inus,
' a grape-stone.'   A glandiform corpuscle or gra-
nulation, in which  secretion was 3upposed to take
place, and the excretory radicle to arise.  Acini
are the  glob'uli arteria'r'.im  tcr'mini  of Nichols.
The term  ac"ini glandulo'si has also  been given
to glands, which, like the pancreas, are arranged
as it were in clusters.  See Lobule.
  ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla.
  ACIURGIA, Surgery, (operative.)
  ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy.
  ACMAS'TICUS, from axun, 'the top/ and craw,
' I remain.'   A fever which preserves an equal
degree of intensity throughout its course.   It is
also called Homot'onos.  The Greeks  gave it the
name of Ejiacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it
went on increasing,—and Paracmas'ticos, when
it decreased.—Galen.
  ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe,  Culmina'tio,  Status,
Fastig"ium.  The period  of  a  disease at which
the symptoms are most violent.  Arche, A.pxv, is
'the commencement;'  anab'asis, avafiaais, 'the
period of increase ;' and acme, aKpn, ' the height.'
  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus acmella—a. Mauriti-
ana, Spilanthus acmella.
  ACMON, Incus.
  ACNE, Acna, Ion'thus varus, Varus, Psydra'cia
Acne, Stone  Pock, Whelk, Bubucle, (F.)  Dartre
puatuleuae diaaeminie.  A small pimple or  tuber-
cle on  the face.—Gorraeus.  Foesius thinks the
word ought to be Acme; and, according to Cas-
sius, it  is, at all events, derived from 0^17, 'vi-
gour ;' the disease affecting those in the vigour
of life, especially.
  Willan and Bateman have adopted  the term in
their Nosology of cutaneous  diseases, and placed
it in the Order, Tubercula.  Acne, with them, is
an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles,
sometimes continuing for a considerable length
of time, and  sometimes suppurating  slowly and
partially.  They usually appear on the forehead,
temples and chin, and are common to  both sexes;
but the most severe forms are seen in  young men.
They require but little management,  and consist
of four varieties;  Acne indura'ta, A. eimplex,
(Haplo'dcne,) A. puncta'ta (Ion'thua varus  punc-
ta'tua, Puncta  mnco'aa, Comedo'nea  or  Maggot
Pimple,) and A. rosa'cea.—See  Gutta Rosea.
  Acne Rosacea, Gutta rosea,—a. of  the Throat,
Pharyngitis follicular.
  ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvauv, 'to
scratch.'  The part of the spine which extends,
in  quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the
loins.  According  to Pollux, the middle of the
loins.  The vertebral column.
  ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum.
  ACOE, Audition, Ear.
  ACffi'LIOS, from a, privative, and KoiXia, "belly.'
Devoid of belly.   One who is so emaciated as to
appear to have no belly.—Galen.
   ACOEMETER, Acoumeter.
   ACOKMETRUM, Acoumeter.
   ACOKNOSi, AconusL
   ACOKSIS, Audition.
   ACOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
   ACOLASIA, Intemperance.
   ACOLOGY, Materia Mcdica.
   AC ONE, Mortar.
   AC ON IT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum
cammarum^a. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora.
   ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITE, Aconitum—a. Folia, see Aconitum
—a. Radix, see Aconitum.
   ACOXITI FOLIA, see Aconitum — a. Radix,
see Aconitum.
   ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACOXITIN, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in  Bithy-
nia, where it is  common.  Cynoc'tonon,  Parda-
lian'ches, Pardalian'chum,  Canici'da,  Ac'onite,
 Wolfsbane,  Monkshood. Nat. Ord. Ranuncula-
ceae.   Sex. Syst. Polyandria Trigynia.
   Aconitum, Aconite,  in the  Pharmacopoeia  of
the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi-
tum napellus, and A. paniculatum.   In the last
edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is  the officinal name
for the leaves ; Aconiti radix for that of the root.
   Aconi'tum An'thorA, Aconi'tum Salutif'crum,
seu nemoro'sum  seu Oandol'lei seu  Jacquini seu
eul'ophum seu anthoro'ideum, An'thora vulga'ris,
An'thora,  Antith'ora,   Sa/'utary   Monkshood,
 Wholesome  Wolfsbane,  Yellow helmet  flower,
(F.) Aconit  aalutaire.   The root of this variety,
as of all the rest, is poisonous.  It  is used as a
cathartic and anthelmintic.  Dose "$ss to ^j-
   Aconitum Anthoroideum, A. anthora.
   Aconi'tum Cam'marcm, A.  panicula'tum, A.
macran'thum,  A.  Kusnezo'vii,  (F.) Aconit  d
grands feurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus  in
properties.
   Aconitum Candollei, A. anthora—a. Eulo-
phum,  A. anthora—a.  Jacquini, A. anthora—a.
Kusnezovii, A. cammarum—a. Macranthum, A.
cammarum.
   Aconi'tum Napel'lus, Napel'lus verus, Aco-
ni'tum, Common Monkshead or  Wolfsbane, A. Ne-
omonta'num. (F.) Chaperon de Moine. The leaves
are narcotic, sudorific, and deobstruent (?) They
have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula,
scirrhus, paralysis,  amaurosis,  <fec.   The active
principle is called Aconit'ia, Aconiti'na, Aconi'ta,
Aconit'ium or Aconitine.  A form for its prepara-
tion is contained in the -Ph. U. S. (1851.)  It  is
made by treating an alcoholic  extract of the root
with dilute sulphuric acid; precipitating by solu-
tion of ammonia; dissolving  the precipitate  in
dilute sulphuric acid; treating with animal char-
coal; again precipitating with solution of ammo-
nia; washing with water, and drying.   It re-
quires  150 parts  of cold and 50 of boiling water
to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by alcohol
and ether.  It neutralizes the  acids, and forms
with them uncrystallizable  salts.   It has been
used internally,  and especially applied  exter-
nally, in neuralgic cases, iatraleptically and en-
dermically.  Dose of Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij.
   Aconitum Nemorosum, A.  anthora—a. Neo-
montanum, A. napellus—a. Paniculatum, A. cam-
marum—a. Racemosum, Actaea spicata—a. Salu-
tiferum, A. anthora.
   ACOXU'SI, Acoen'osi, Acoon'oai, from anon,
'audition/ and vovaos, 'disease.' Morbi an'Hum
et audi'tiis.  Diseases of the ears and audition.
   ACOONOSI, Aconusi.
   ACOPIS.  Same etymon as the next.   Pliny 
ACOPON
gives this name to a precious  stone, which was
boiled in oil and used against weariness.
   ACOPON, from a, privative, and kotos, 'weari-
ness.'  A remedy against weariness—Foesius, Gor-
raeus, &c. Ac'opnm,—Celsus,Pliny. SeeAnagyris.
   ACOPRIA, Constipation.
   ACOPROSIS, Constipation.
   ACOR. BENZ01NUS,  Benjamin—a.  Boraci-
cus, Boracic  acid—a. Succineus, Succinic acid—
a. Su'.phuris, Sulphuric acid—a. Tartaricus, Tar-
taric acid.
   AGOUE  BATARD,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.
Faux,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Odorant,  Acorus
calamus.
   ACORES, Acids, and Acidities.
   ACOR'IA, from a, privative,  and Koptia, ' I sa-
tiate.'  An inordinate or canine appetite.—Hip-
pocrates.
   A t'ORI'TES.  A wine made of Acorus.—Dios-
corides.
   ACOR'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and xopuos,
' trunk.'  A monster devoid of a trunk.—Gurlt.
   ACORN,  JUPITER'S,  Fagus  castanea—a.
Oily, Guilandina moringa—a. Sardinian, Fagus
castanea.
   Af'ORNS.  See Quercus alba.
   ACORUS ADULTERINUS,  Iris pseudacorus.
   Ac'ORI'S Cal'amuS. A.  Verua, Cal'amua Aro-
mat'icus, G. Odora'tu's, Cal'amua vulga'ris, Tyjjha
Aromat'ica, Acorua Brazilien'ais, Clava Rugo'sa,
Sweetflag or Ac'orue, Flagroot, Sweet cane, Myrtle
Flag,  Sweet graaa, Sweet root, Sweet  rush.  (¥.)
Jonc roaeau ou Canne aromatique, Acore odorant.
Nat. Ord. Aroideas; Acoraceae.  (Lindley.)  Sex.
Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The rhizoma—Cal'-
amua (Ph. U. S.)—is stomachic  and carminative,
but is  rarely used.  It is regarded as a good ad-
juvant to  bark in quinia and intermittents.
   Ac'orus Palustris, Iris pseudacorus—a. Vul-
garis,  Iris pseudacorus.
   A COS,  Medicament.
   ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and Koo-pos, 'or-
der, ornament/  Disorder, irregularity  in  the
critical days, according to Galen, who uses the
word icoo-pos for regularity in those days.   Others,
and particularly Pollux, call bald persons aicoapot,
because they are deprived of one  of their most
beautiful ornaments.
   ACOUM'ETER, Acouom'eter, Acoem'eter, Aco-
em'etrum, Acn'meter, Aeuaim'eter, (F.) Acoumetre,
from a/tow, ' I hear/ and uerpov, ' measure.'  An
instrument designed by M. Itard for measuring
the degree of hearing.
   A CO UMETR E, Acoumeter.
   ACOUOPHO'NIA,   Copho'nia;  from  axovu,,
'I hear/ and ipwvv, 'voice,' "Auscultatory Per-
cus'sion."   A mode of auscultation, in which the
observer places his ear on the chest, and analyzes
the sound produced by percussion.—Donne.
   ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise.   Depraved
sense of hearing.
   ACOUS'TIC, Acua'ticus.  That which belongs
to the  car; as Acoustic nerve, Acoustic trumpet.
   Acoustic Medicine  is one used in diseased au-
dition.
   Acous'tics, Acus'tica.  (F.) Acoustique.  The
part of physics which treats of the  theory  of
sounds.  It is also called Phonics.
  ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustics.
  ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii —a. Broc-
chieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii—a. Monterossi, Aqua
Binellii — a. di Napoli, Liquor  arsenicalis— a.
della Toffana, Liquor arsenicalis.
  ACQUETTA, Liquor Arsenicalis.
  ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF.   These
thermal sulphureous  springs  are in Pi6mont.
Their temperature is 167°  Fahr., and they con-
tain  sulphohydric acid and chloride of sodium.
ACRISIS
  ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morbi  acquisi'ti,
M. adveuti'tii, M. epicte'ti. Adventitious diseases.
(F,) Maladies acquiaea.   Diseases  which occur
after  birth, and  which are not dependent  upon
hereditary predisposition.
  ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative, and KpanraXn,
' drunkenness.'  Remedies against the effects of
a debauch.—Gorraeus.
  ACRA'LEA,  from axpos,  'extremity.'   The
extreme parts of the body,  as the head, hands,
feet,  nose, ears,  &c. — Hippocrates and Galen.
See Acrea.
  ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and xpavwv, 'the
cranium.'  Want of cranium, wholly or in part.
  ACRA'SIA, from  a, privative, or 'bad/ and
Kpaens, ' mixture.'  Intemperance. Excess of any
kind.—Hippocrates.
  It has been employed to denote debility, syno-
nymously with Acratia; but this may have been
a typographical inaccuracy.
  ACRATI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kparos,
'strength.'  Impotence; weakness, fainting.
  ACRATIS'MA, from a, privative, and Kcpav-
vvpi, 'to mix.'  A breakfast, consisting of bread
steeped in wine,  not mixed  with water.—Galen,
Athenaeus.
  ACRATOM'ELI,  from  axparov, 'pure wine/
and ue\i, 'honey.' Wine mixed with honey.
  ACRATOPE'GiE,  Akratope'ga, from a, priva-
tive, and Kparos, 'strength/ and nnyn, 'a'spring.'
Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua-
lities.
  ACRATOPOS'IA,  from Acratnm, and iroats,
'drink.'  The drinking of pure or unmixed wine.
  A'CRATUM, axparov, from a, privative,  and
Kparo;, 'strength.'   Unmixed wine,—Acratum
vinum, Vinum  mernm.
  ACRATURE'SIS,  from Acratia, 'weakness/
and ovpov, 'urine.'  Inability  to void the urine
from paralysis of the  bladder.
  ACRE.  The extremity or tip of the  nose.
  A'CREA, Acroteria, from  axpos, 'the summit.'
The extreme parts of the body, as the feet, hands,
ears, &c.
  Also the extreme parts of animals that are used
as food.  Acrocolia.
  ACRID, from  axpos, 'a point or summit/ or
from ukis, 'a point/ Acer.   An epithet for sub-
stances which  occasion a  disagreeable sense of
irritation  or of constriction  at the top  of the
throat.
  Acrid heat, (F.) Chaleur acre, is one that causes
a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of the
fingers.
  Acrid Poison,  See Poison.
  Acrids, in Pathology, are  certain imaginary
substances, supposed by the  humourists to  exist
in the humours,  and to cause various diseases.
See Acrimony.
  ACRIDOPH'AGI, from axpis, 'a locust/ and
(payio,  ' I eat.'   Locuat-eatera.  Acridophagous
tribes are said to  exist in Africa.—Strabo.
  ACRIMONY, Acu'itaa, Acrimo'nia, from  acer,
'acrid/ axis, 'a point.' Acrimony of the  humours.
An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymphj
&c, which, by the humourists, was conceived to
cause many diseases.
  ACRIN'IA, from  o, privative, and  Kpivu>, 'I
separate.' A diminution in  the quantity,  or a
total suspension, of the secretions.
  ACRIS, a sharp bony prominence.   Also, the
locust.
  ACRI'SIA,  Acri'sis, from  a,  privative,  and
koio-is,  'judgment/   A condition  of disease, in
which no judgment can be formed; or in which
an unfavourable opinion must be given.—Hipp
and Galen.
  ACRISIS, Acrisia. 
ACRITICAL
46
ACTION
  ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritoa, from a, privative, and
Kpio-is, 'judgment.'  That which takes place with-
out any crisis, or which does not foretell a crisis;
as a critical aymptom, aj>acesa, Ac.
  ACRITOS, Acritical.
  ACRIVIOLA, Tropaeolum majus.
  ACROAMA, Audition.
  ACROASIS, Audition.
  ACROBYS'TIA, Acropos'thia, from axpo;,' top/
and j8uu>, 'I cover.'  The extremity of the prepuce.
—Hippocrates.   Rufus.
  ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on,  from
a/opof,  ' extremity^ and xc'?>  ' *ne  hand.'  The
forearm and hand.   Gorraeus.  Also, the hand.
  ACROCHOR'DON,  from axpos,  'extremity/
and x°P^i> 'a string.' A tumour which hangs by
a pedicle.  A kind of hard wart,  Verru'ca pens'-
ilia.—Aetius, Celsus.
  ACROCHORIS'MUS, from  aKpos, 'extremity/
and x°PCV0>>  ' I dance.'   A kind  of dance, with
the ancients, in  which the arms  and legs were
violently agitated.
  ACROCOLIA, Acrea.
  ACROCOLIUM, Acromion.
  ACROD'RYA, from  aKpos,  'extremity/  and
ipvs,  'a tree.'   Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap-
ples,  Ac.
  ACRODYN'IA,  Erythe'ma  acrod'ynum,  E.
acrodyn'ia, (F.) Acrodynie, from aKpos, 'extre-
mity/ and o&uvrj, 'pain.'  A painful affection of
the wrists and ankles especially,  which appeared
in  Paris as an  epidemic, in 1828 and 1829.  It
was supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others
to be owing to spinal irritation.
  ACROLENION, Olecranon.
   ACROMASTIUM, Nipple.
   ACROMIA, Acromion.
   ACRO'MIAL,  Acromia'lis.   Relating to the
Acromion.
   Acromial Ar'tery,  External Scap'ular, A.
Arte'ria Thorac"ica humera'lia, Artire troiaiime
des  Thoraciques,—(Ch.)  A. Thoracique  humS-
rale,  arises from the anterior part of the axillary
artery, opposite the upper edge of the  pectoralis
minor.  It divides into two branches : one, supe-
rior; the other, inferior,—the branches of which
are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major
anticus, first intercostal, deltoid,  and  pectoralis
major muscles, as well as to the  shoulder joint,
Ac.  They anastomose with the superior scapu-
lar, thoracic, and circumflex arteries.
   Acromial   Nerves,  Nervi  acromia'les.
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are
distributed to the acromial region.
   Acromial Vein   has  the same  arrangement
as the artery.
   ACRO'MIO-CORACOI'DEUS.  Belonging to
the acromion and eoracoid process.
   The triangular ligament between the acromion
and eoracoid process of the scapula is so called.
   ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'mis,
from  aKpos, ' the top/ and opos,  ' the shoulder.'
 Os Acro'mii, Hu'merus  summus,  Armus aummus,
Mucro hu'meri, Rostrum porci'num,  Caput Scap'-
ula, Acroco'lii.m.  The process which terminates
the spine  of the scapula, and is articulated with
the clavicle.
   ACROMIS, Acromion.
   ACROMPHALIUM,  Acromphalon.
   ACROM'PHALON, Acrompha'lium,  from
■iKpos, 'the  top/ and optyaXos,  'the  navel.'   The
extremity of the umbilical cord,  which remains
attached to the foetus after birth.
   ACROMYLE, Patella.
   ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison.
   A'CRONYX,  from aKpos, ' the summit/  and
oref,  ' the nail.'  Growing in of the nail.
   ACROPARAL'YSIS, from  axpos, ' extremity/
and napaXvo-ts, 'palsy;'  Paral'ysis extrcmita'tnm,
Palsy of the extremities.   Fuchs.
  ACROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia,
  ACROPSI'LON, from  aKpos, 'extremity/ and
d-iXoy, 'naked.'  The extremity of the glans penis.
  ACRORIA, Vertex.
  ACROKRREXJ'MA, Rheumatis'musextremita'-
tum, fromaKpos, 'extremity/ andpeupa, 'defluxion,
rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the extremities.
  ACROS, axpos, 'extremity, top.' The strength
of the Athletee, and of diseases ; the prominences
of bones:  the extremities of the fingers, Ac. See
Acrocheir, Acromion, Ac.
  ACROTERIA, Acrea.   See Extremity.
  ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus.
  ACROTERIAS'MUS, Acroteri'asis, from aKpo-
rripia, ' the extremities;' hence aKpornpia^uv,  ' to
mutilate.'  Amputation of the extremities.
  ACROTHYM'ION,  from  axpos,  'top/  and
Svuov, ' thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody
wart, compared by Celsus to the flower of thyme.
  ACROT'ICA,  from axpos, ' summit.'   Diseases
affecting the excernent functions of the external
surface of the body.
   Pravity of the fluids or emunctories  that open
on  the  external surface; without fever or other
internal affection as a necessary accompaniment.
   The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good.
   ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia.
  ACT, Actus, from actum, past participle  of
agere,  ' to do,' ' a thing done.'   The effective  ex-
ercise of a power or faculty.  The  action  of an
agent.  Acte is  used by the French, to signify
the public discussion, which occurs in supporting
a thesis :—thus,  soutenir un Acte aux Ecolea de
Medecine, is, 'to defend a Thesis in the Schools
of Medicine.'
  ACTjE'A CIMICIF'UGA, A. racemo'aa.
  Actjs'a Racemo'sa,  A.  Cimicif'uga,  Cimi-
cif'uga, (Ph. U. S.)  C.  racemo'sa, Macro'trys
racemo'sa,  Bot'rophis Serpenta'ria(')  Scrpen-
ta'ria  nigra,  Black  anakeroot,  Richweed,  Co-
hosh, Squaw  root,  Rattleweed,  Black  Cohosh.
(F.) Actie d grappes,  Serpentaire noire.  Nat.
Ord. Ranunculaceae.  Sex. Syst. Polyandria Pen-
tagynia.  A common plant in the United States.
The root is astringent; and, according to Barton,
has been successfully used, in the form of decoc-
tion, as a  gargle in putrid sore throat.  A decoc-
tion of  the root cures the itch.   It is acro-narco-
tic, and has been used in rheumatism, acute and
chronic; chorea, Ac.
   Actjs'a Spica'ta, Ohristophoria'na  spica'ta,
Aconi'tum racemo'sum, Baneberry, Herb Chria'-
topher.   (F.) Herbe St. Chriatophe.  A perennial
herbaceous  European  plant, the root of which
resembles that of the black hellebore.   The root
is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in over-
doses may produce dangerous consequences.
  Acta'a.  America'na, of which there  are two
varieties,  A. alba and  A. rubra,—white and  red
cohoah, is indigenous in the United States.  It
has the same properties as A. spicata.
   ACTE, Sambucus.
   ACTE, Act.
   ACTEE <l GRAPPES, Actaea racemosa.
   ACT IF, Active.
   ACTIO, Action, Function.
   ACTION, Ac'tio, Opera'tio, Energi'a, Praxis :
from agere, actum, ' to act.'  Mode  in which one
object influences another.
   The animal actiona are those that occur in the
animal body: the vital, those that  are essential
to life : the physiological, those of a healthy cha-
racter : the pathological, or morbific, those that
occur in disease, Ac.   The ancients divided  the
physiological actions into vital, animal,  natural
aexual, particular, general, Ac.  See Function. 
ACTIONES
47
ADDUCTOR
  ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function.
  ACTIVE, same etymon.  Dras'ticua, Aeti'rua,
Sthen'icus,  Hypcrsthen'icus.  (F.) Actif.  This
adjective is used,  in  Pathology, to convey the
idea of superabundant energy or strength. Active
symptoms, e. g. are those of excitement.  In The-
rapeutics, it  signifies  energetic: — as, an  active
treatment.  The  French use the expression Me-
decine agiaaante, in contradistinction to Medecine
expectante.  In Physiology, active has a similar
signification, many of the functions being divided
into active and passive.
   ACTON.   A village  near London,  at  which
there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at
Epsom.
   ACTUAL. Same  etymon  as active.  That
which acts immediately.  A  term usually re-
stricted  to the red-hot iron, or to heat in any
form ; in contradistinction to the potential  or vir-
tual,  which is applied to caustics or escharotics.
   ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally a title  of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians.
   ACTUS PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition.
   ACUITAS, Acrimony.
   ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter.
   ACUMETER, Acoumeter.
   A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra,  from acua,
 'a needle/ and puncturo, 'a puncture.'  A sur-
gical operation, much in use amongst the Chinese
and Japanese, which consists in puncturing parts
with  a very fine needle.  It has been employed,
 of late years, in obstinate rheumatic affections,
 Ac, and apparently with success.  Acupuncture
 is likewise a mode of infanticide in some coun-
 tries ; the needle being  forced  into the brain
 through the  fontanelles, or into  the spinal mar-
 row,  Ac.
   ACURGIA, Surgery (operative.)
   AC US, Needle—a. Capitata,  Pin — a. Invagi-
 nata, see Needle—a. Ophthalmica, see Needle—
 a. Paracentica, Trocar—a. Paracentetica,  Trocar
 — a.  Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar — a. Veneris,
 Eryngium campestre.
   ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter.
   ACUSIS, Audition.
   ACUSTICA, Acoustics.
   ACUSTICUS, Auditory.
   ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxya, o!-vs,  (aKts, 'a point.')
 (F.)  Aigu.   A disease which, with a  certain  de-
 gree  of  severity, has  a rapid progress, and short
 duration, is said  to  be "acute."—Oxynoae'ma,
 Oxyn'osos, Oxynu'sos.
   Diseases were  formerly subdivided  into Morbi
 acutis'simi, very acute, or those which last only
 three or four days : M. aubacutia'aimi, which con-
 tinue seven days:  and  M. aubacu'ti,  or those
 which last from twenty to forty days.
   The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when
 applied  to pain, sound, cries, Ac, means sharp*.
   ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille.
   ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from a, privative, kvovos,
 'blue,'  and  (3\e-<n,  'I see.'   Defective  vision,
 which consists in incapability of distinguishing
 blue.—Gothe.   See Achromatopsia.
   ACVESIS, Sterilitas.
   ACYRUS, Arnica montana.
   ACYTERIUS, Abortive.
   AD AC A.  The  Spharan'thus In'dicua, a Mala-
 bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic.
   ADACRYA,  from a, privative, and Saxpvui, 'I
 weep.'   Defective secretion of tears.
   AD.EMONIA, Anxiety.
   ADAKO'DIEN.  A Malabar plant of the fa-
 mily  Apocyneae, used in that country in diseases
 of the eyes.
   AD'ALT, Lip'pia.   A  Malabar plant,  which
 the Orientals regard as an antidote to the  bite of
 the naja.
  ADAMANTINE  SUBSTANCE, Enamel  of
the teeth.
  AD AM AS, Diamond.
  ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum.  A very hard, white
calculus.—Paracelsus.
  The first word has been used for stone in the
bladder: the second for lithiasis or the calculous
condition.              .
  ADAM'S  APPLE, Pomum Adami.
  ADANSONIA DIGIT ATA, Baobab.
  ADAPTER, from ad and apto,  ' I fit/  A tube
employed in pharmaceutical operations for length-
ening the neck of a retort;  or in cases where the
opening of  the receiver is not large enough to
admit the beak of the retort.
  ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cia A concretion
found about the reeds and grass in the marshy
regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were:
hence the name, from a, privative, and SepKw, ' I
see.'  It was formerly in repute for cleansing the
skin from freckles, Ac.
  ADARIGO, Orpiment.
  ADARNECH, Orpiment.
  ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia.
  AD   CUTEM  ABDOM'INIS   (ARTERIA.)
The superficial artery of the abdomen,—a branch
of  the  crural or femoral, which arises at the
lower part  of Poupart's ligament and ascends
towards the umbilicus, being  distributed to the
integuments.
   AD DAD.   A Numidian  plant;  bitter  and
poisonous.
  ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adephag"ia, from  aS&nv,
'much/ and  ipayetv,  'to eat.'   Voraciousness.
Galen and Hoffman have given this name to vo-
racious appetite in children affected with worms.
Sauvages refers it to Bulimia.  Also, the goddess
of  gluttony.
   ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
   ADDITAMEN'TUM.   A term  once used  sy-
nonymously with Epiphysis.  It is now restricted
to  the  prolongation of  two cranial sutures,  the
lamboidal and squamous.
   Additamentum Coli, Appendix vermiformis
 caeci—a. Necatum, Olecranon—a. ad Sacrolum-
balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulnae,
 Olecranon—a. Ulnae, Radius.
   ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi.
   ADDUCTEUR  DE  L'CEIL,  Rectus inter-
 nus oculi — a. du Gros orteil, Adductor pollicis
 pedis — a.  Premier ou moyen, Adductor  longus
 femoris—a. du Pouce, Adductor pollicis mantis
— a. Second ou petit, Adductor brevis — a. Troi-
 eieme ou grand, Adductor magnus.
   ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio,  from ad,  'to/ and
 ducere, 'to draw.' Parago'ge. The action by which
 parts are drawn towards the axis of the body.
   The  muscles which execute this function  are
 called Adduc'tors.
   ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos-
 terior medii digiti pedis—a. Oculi, Rectus inter-
 nus ocu'fi.
i   Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Mc-
 tacar'peus, Car'po-mctacar'peus min'imi dig"iti,
 is situate between the adductor and flexor, next
 to  the  metacarpal bone.  It arises, fleshy, from
 the unciform process of the  os  unciforme, and
 from the contiguous part of the annular ligament
 of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy,
 into the fore-part of the  metacarpal bone of the
 little finger, from its base to its head.
   Adduc'tor Pol'licis  Manus, A. Pol'licis, A.
 ad min'imum dig"itum,  Metacar'po-phalan'geua
 pol'licis — (Ch.)  (F.) Adductcur  du pouce.  A
 muscle which arises,  fleshy, from  almost  the
 whole length of the metacarpal bone of  the mid-
 dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of
the root of the first bone of the thumb. 
ADEC
48
  Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Mc-
tatar'so-subphalan'gcus pollicis. — (Ch.) Tarso-
metatarai-phalangi'en du pouce.  (^.) Adducteur
du qroa orteil.   Arises by a long, thin  tendon,
from the under  part of the os calcis, from the os
cuboides, os cunciforme externum, and from the
root of the  metatarsal bone of the second toe. It
is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the
metatarsal  bone of the great toe.
  Bickat has given  the general name, Adduc -
tora, to those of the interosseous muscles of the
hand or foot, which perform the action of ad-
duction.
  Adductor Tertii  Digiti Pedis,  Prior tertn
digiti pedis.
  Adductors of the thigh.  These are three
in number, which ha\% by some anatomists, been
united into one muscle —the Triceps Adduc'tor
Fern'oris.
  1. Adduc'tor longua fem'oria, Adduc'tor fern -
oria primus, Triceps minor, Pu'bio-femora'Ha—
(Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moyen adducteur.  Arises
by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part
of the os pubis and  ligament of the symphysis,
at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down-
wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad,
flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspera.
   2. Adduc'tor brevis,  A. fem'oris  secun'dus,
 Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pubio-femora'lis — (Ch.)
 (F.) Second ou petit Adducteur.  Arises  tendi-
 nous from the os pubis, at the side of  its  sym-
 physis, below  and behind the last muscle.   It
 runs obliquely outwards, and  is inserted by a
 short, flat tendon into the inner  and upper part
 of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro-
 chanter minor to the beginning of  the  insertion
 of the adductor longus.
   3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fem'oria ter'-
 tius et quartus, Triceps magnus, Is'chio-femora'-
 i;a__(Ch.)  (F.) Troisieme ou grand adducteur, is
  much larger than either of the others.  It arises
 from  the  ramus of the  pubis, from  that of the
 ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted
 into the whole length of the linea aspera.  Near
  the lower  part of the linea aspera it is pierced
  by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which
  the crural artery and vein pass.
   ADEC.  The inner man.—Paracelsus.
   ADECTA, Sedatives.
   ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia.
   ADELODAGAM.  A bitter  Malabar  plant,
  used in asthma, catarrh, and gout.
   ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia.
    ADELPHIX'IA,  Adelphixia;  from a&cXcpos,
  'brother.'  Consanguinity of parts in  health or
  disease.   F rater' nit as, Fratra'tio.   Hippocrates
  used  the  word Adel'phia, for diseases that  re-
  semble each other.
    ADELPHIXIS,  Sympathy.
    ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia.
    ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia.
    ADEN, aSnv, 'a gland;' hence Adenalgia, Ade-
  niform, Ac.—see Gland.
    ADENAL'GIA,  Adenodyn'ia,  from ahnv, 'a
  gland,' and aXyos, 'pain.'   Glandular pain.
    ADEXECTOP'TA, from  air,v, 'a gland/ and
  cktottos, 'removed from its place.'  Dislocation of
  a gland.
    ADEXEMPHRAX'IS,  from aSvv,  'a  gland/
  and  tjitppaZis, 'obstruction.'  Glandular obstruc-
  tion.
    ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform'is, Adeno'i'des,
  Adenoid, from Aden, 'a gland/ and Forma, ;form
  or resemblance.'   Glan'diform, or resembling a
  gland.
    ADEXITE LYMPHATIQUE, Lymphaden-
  itis.
                  ADEPS

  ADENI'TLS, from aSnv, 'a gland/ and ills, a
termination denoting inflammation.  Phlcgma sia
adeno'sa seu glandulo'sa.   Glandular inflamma-
tion.                          ....
  Adenitis Lymphatica, Lymphadenitis.
  Adeni'tis MeSKNTER'ica, Mesenteric Gangli-
oni'tia.   Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.
  Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, sec Oph-
thalmia.                      ■
  ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA,  from alnv,  'a
eland/ ycip, "'the hand/ arrria, 'I lay hold of/ and
\oyos, 'a description.'   The  doctrine of  curing
scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch.
  ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from ainv, 'a gland/
and xovipos, 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and
cartilage, — for example, Arthrophy'ma  adeno-
chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car-
tilages of joints.
  ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia.
  ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'phia, from alnv,
'a gland/ and ypatpia, 'I describe.'  That part of
anatomy which describes the glands.
  ADENOID, Adeniform.
  ADENOIDES, Adeniform.
  ADENOL'OGY, Adenolog"ia,  from  aSnv,  'a
gland/  and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A treatise on
the glands.
  ADENOMALA'CIA, from aonv, 'a gland/ and
paXaxia, ' softening.' Mollescence or softening of
a gland.
   ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno-
 meningeal.
   ADENONCOSIS, Adenopbyma.
   ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS, from aonv, 'a
 gland/ and <papvy%,  ' the pharynx.'  Some fleshy
 fibres, which pass from the constrictor pharyngis
 inferior to the thyroid  gland, have received  this
 name.   Their existence is not constant.
   ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.   Same  etymon.
 Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx.
   ADENOPIITHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi.
   ADENOPHY'MA,  Adenon'cua, Adenonco'ais,
 from  aSnv,  ' a gland/  and  <j.vpa, ' a swelling.'
 Swelling of a. gland,  or glandiform  ganglion.
 (F.) Glandage.  Adenophyma is used by some to
 signify a soft glandular  swelling;—Adenoncua,
 one of a harder character.—Kraus.
    Adenophyma Inguinalis.  Bubo.
    ADENOSCIR'RHUS,  Adenosclero'sis, from
 abnv,  'a gland/  and cxippos,  'induration.'  Scir-
 rhous induration of a gland.
    ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus.
    ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula.
    ADENO'SUS, (Absces'sus.) A hard, glandular
  abscess, which suppurates slowly.—M. A. Seve-
  rinus.
    ADENOT'OMY, Adenotom'ia,  from  aSrjv,  'a
  gland/ and rtpvut,  'I cut/  Dissection of the
  glands.
    ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia.
    ADEPS,  Adeps Suillus, Oxyn'gium, Pingue'do.
  Pig's flare.  The fat of the hog.  In the Ph. U. S.
  the prepared fat of Sua scrofa, free from saline
  matter.
    Adeps Anseri'nus, Adepa an'seris or Goose
  grease, (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient.  It has
  been used as an emetic.
    Adeps Cantharidibus Medicatus,  Unguen-
  tum lyttae medicatum—a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii
  medicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum de Daphne
  gnidio—a.  Humanus, Liquamumia—a. Hydrar-
  gyro  medicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri—a. ex
  Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum
  oxidi hydrargyri cinereum—a. Hydrargyri muri-
  ate oxygenato  medicatus,  Unguentum muriatis
  hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum—a. Hydrargyri
  nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis
  —a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumbi aceta me- 
                  ADEPT                  4

dicatup, Unguentum  ophthalmicum—a.  Lauro
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum—a. Ovilli, Se-
vum — a.  Papavere, hyoscyamo,  et  belladonna
medicatus, Unguentum populeum—a. Sulfure  et
ammoniao   muriate medicatus, Unguentum sul-
phuratum  ad scabiem—a. Sulfure et carbonate
potassie medicatus, Unguentum sulphuratum al-
calin'um ad scabiem—a. Tartaro stibii medicatus,
Unguentum antimonii tartarizati—a.  Oxido zinei
medicatus, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri.
  Adeps  Pr^epara'tus,  Hog's lard, Barrow's
grease, Lard, Ax'unge, Axun'gia,  Adeps suil'lus
prapara'tus, A. prapara'tua, Axun'gia porci'na,
(F.) (iraisse de Pore, Saindoux, is prepared by
melting pig's  flare,  and  straining it.  This  is
called rendering  the lard.  Lard is emollient,
but is chiefly used  for forming  ointments and
plasters.
  ADEPT, Alchymist.
  ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA.   Medicine, which
troated of diseases contracted by celestial opera-
tions, or communicated from heaven.
  Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy.
  ADFLATUS, Afflatus.
  ADILERENTIA,  Adherence.
  AD1LESIO, Adherence.
  ADHATO'DA, Justid'ia adhato'da.  The Ma-
labar Nut Tree.  (F.) Noyer  de  Ceylon.  Used
in India for expelling the dead foetus  in abortion.
The word  is said  to convey this meaning in the
Ceylonese.
  ADHE'RENCE, Adhe'sion, Adharen'tia, Oon-
cre'tio, Atre'sia, Pros'physis, Proscolle'sis, Ad-
ha'aio, from adharere, (ad and harere,) 'to stick
to.' These words are usually employed synonym-
ously. The French  often use adherence for the
state  of union, and adhesion for  the act of ad-
hering.
  ADHESION, Adherence.
  ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMATION is that in-
flammation  which terminates by an  adhesion
between inflamed  and separated surfaces, and
which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary
for  such adhesion.
  Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters
which stick closely to the  skin.
  ADIANTHUM, Adiantum.
  ADIANTUM, A. pedatum.
  Adiantum jEthiop'icum.  A   South  African
plant, Nat. Ord. Folices, an infusion  of which is
sometimes  used as an emollient in coughs, and
in diseases of the chest.
  Adiantum Album, Asplenium ruta muraria—
a. Aureum, Polytrichum.
  Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Coriandri-
fo'lium seu Nigrum, Capil'lus Ven'eria, from  a,
privative,  and Siatvia,  ' to  grow wet,' from the
leaves not being easily moistened.  Maiden hair.
(F.) Capillaire  de  Montpellier.   A European
plant,  of  feeble,  aromatic  and demulcent pro-
perties. It is used for forming the Sirop de Ca-
pillaire or Capillaire.
  Adiantum Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve-
neris.
  Adiantum Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris.
  Adian'tum Peda'tuw, A. Canaden' se seu Pa-
tena, Adiantum,  Capil'lus Ven'eris Canaden'sis,
Herba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris, Canada Maiden-
hair, American Maidenhair, Rockfern, Sweetfern,
(F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper-
ties.  Capillaire was once made from this. See
Adiantum.
  Adiantum Rub rum, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore' eie,  from a, pri-
vative, im, ' through/ and <popos, '  a pore.' Defect
or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneua'tia.
  ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaph'orua, Indiff'erens,
       4
>                 ADORION

Neutral. A medicine which will neither do harm
nor good.
   ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis.
   ADIARRHCE'A, from o,  privative, and iiap-
pctv, 'to flow.'  Retention of any excretion.—
Hippocrates.
   ADICE, Urtica.
   ADIPATUS, Fatty.
   ADIPEUX, Adipose.
   ADIPOCERA, Adipocire — a. Cetosa,  Ceta-
ceum.
   ADIPOCIRE, Adipoce'ra, from adeps, 'fat/
and cera, ' wax.'   The base  of biliary calculi,
called  also  Choi'esterine.  Also, a sort of soap,
formed from animal matter under certain circum-
stances. (F.) Gras dea  Cadavrea, Graa des Cime-
tieres.  The human body, when it has been for some
weeks  in water, assumes this appearance;  and it
has been a subject of legal inquiry, what length
of time is necessary to produce it.  This must,
of course, depend upon various circumstances, as
climate, season,  Ac.
   ADIPOCIRE DE BALE INE, Cetaceum.
   AD'IPOSE, Ad'ipous, Adipo'aua, from  adepa,
 'fat.'  (F.)Adipeux. That which relates to fat—
as Adipoae membrane, A. veaaela, Ac. See  Fatty.
   Ad'ipose Sarco'ma of Aberne'thy, Emphy'ma
sarco'ma adipo'sum, is suetty throughout,  and
enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed  areolar
substance, connected by means of minute vessels.
It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of
the trunk.   See Sarcoma.
   ADIPOSIS.   See Polysarcia.
   Adipo'sis Hepat'ica,  Pimelo'sia  hepat'ica,
Fatty  liver, Fatty degeneration of the liver,  (F.)
Degenerescence gro.isseuse du  Foie.  Fatty  dis-
ease of the liver.
   ADIPOSUS, Fatty.
   ADIPOUS, Fatty.
   ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis expers. Absence of thirst.
   ADIP'SON, Adip'sum, from o, privative,  and
it^la,  ' thirst.'   Any substance which relieves
thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley to which
oxymel was added.—Hippocrates.
   ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza.
   AD'ITUS, 'an entrance/ 'an approach;' from
adere, aditum, ' to go  to.'  Pros'odos.  The en-
trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad Aquaduc-
tum Fallopii.
   Aditus ad Infundibulum, Vulva.
   ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and <5(uAi£o>,
'I run.'  Unstrained  wine for pharmaceutical
purposes.—Gorraeus.
   ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment.
   ADJUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur.
   AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvans, from adjuvare, 'to
aid.'   A medicine, introduced into a prescription
to aid the operation of the principal ingredient
or basis.  Also,  whatever assists in the removal
or prevention of disease.
   ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis.
   ADNATA (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva.
   ADNEE (MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva.
   ADOLES'CENCE,  Adolescen'tia,  Juven'tua,
JEtas  bona, Youth;  from  adolescere (ad  and
olescere) 'to grow.'  (F.) Jeunesse.  The  period
between puberty  and  that at which  the body
acquires its full development;  being, in man,
between the 14th and 25th years; and, in woman,
 between the 12th and 21st.
   ADOLES'CENS, Ju'venia,  Hebe'tea, Hebe'ter,
 Hebe'tor. A youth.  A young man in the  period
of adolescence.
   ADO'LIA.  A Malabar  plant, whose  leaves,
put in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating
labour.
   ADOR, Zea mays.
   ADORION, Daucus  carota. 
ADOUCISSANT
50
^IGYPTIA
  ADOUCISSANT. Demulcent.
  AD PONDUS OM'NIl'M.  The weight of the
whole.  In a prescription it  means, that any
particular ingredient shall equal in weight the
whole of the others.
  ADRAGAXT, Tragacantha.
  ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia  clematitis.
  ADROBO'LON, from a&pos,  'great/ and ffo>\os,
' mass.'  The bdellium of India, which is in larger
pieces than that of Arabia.
  ADROS, a&pos,  ' plump and full.'  Applied to
the habit of body, and also to the pulse.—Hippo-
crates.
  ADSARIA PALA, Dolichos pruriens.
  ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration.
  ADSTANS, Prostate.
  ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate.
  ADSTRICTIO  Astriction,  Constipation.
  ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents.
  ADSTRIXGENTIA, Astringents.
  ADULAS'SO. The Justitia bivalvis.  A small
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout.
  ADULT, see Adult age.
  Adult  Age,  Andri'a, from  adolescere,  'to
grow to/ (ad and olere, olitum, ' to grow.')   Vi-
ril'ity. The age succeeding adolescence, and pre-
ceding old age. In the civil law, an adult is one,
who, if a boy, has attained the age of fourteen
years ; and, if a girl, of twelve.  In the common
law, one of full age.    Adult, Adul'tua,  is also
used for one in the adult age.
  ADULTERATIO, Falsification.
  ADULTUS, see Adult age.
  ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis.
  ADURENS, Caustic,
  ADURION,  Rhus coriaria.
  ADUST, Adua'tua,  from  adurere,  (ad  and
 urere,)  'to burn.'  The  blood and fluids were
 formerly said to be adust, when  there was much
 heat in  the constitution and but little  serum in
 the blood.
  ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn.
  ADUS'TION, Adus'tio.  State of  the body
 described under Adust.   In surgery, it signifies
 cauterization.
   ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES, Acquired dis-
 eases.
   ADVENTITIUS, Accidental.
   ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia; from a, privative,
 and  Svvapis, 'strength/ Adyna'sia, Adyna'tia.
 Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in
 typhus fever.  Some Nosologists have  a class of
 diseases under the  name  Adynamia,  Ec'lyaea,
 Morbi asthen'ici.
   Adynamia Virilis, Impotence.
   ADYNAM'IC,  Adynam'icus,  Hypodynam'ic,
 Hypodynarn'icus; same etymon.  Appertaining
 to  debility of the vital powers.
   ADYNASIA, Adynamia.
   ADYXATIA, Adynamia.
   ADYXATOCOMIUM, Hospital.
   ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital.
   ADYNATOS, Sickly.
   MTKEA, Genital Organs.
   iEDCE'AGRA, from  atSoia, 'genital organs/
 and aypa,  ' seizure.'  Gout in the genitals.
   .EDCEAG'RAPHY, jEdceagraph'ia, from  ai-
 loia, ' organs of generation,' and ypa<pa>, ' I de-
 scribe.'   A  description of the organs of gene-
 ration.
   iEDCEAL'OGY, JEdcealog" ia, from ailoia, 'the
 pudendum/ and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A treatise
 on the organs of generation.
   iEDffiAT'OMY, jEdoeatom'ia,  ^Edceotom'ia,
 j&doeot'ome, JEdozot'omy, from  ailoia, ' the pu-
 dendum/  and rtpvui, ' I cut.'  Dissection of the
 J'arts of generation.
   ^DOSI'TIS, JSdosoti'Hs,  MedeVtis; from at-
ioia, 'genital  organs/ and itis, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the genital organs.
  ^EIXEOBLENORRHffiA, Leucorrhcea.       j
  ^EDCEODYN'IA, from ailoia, 'genital organs,
and oSwv, ' pain.'  Pain in the genitals. Puden-
dagra.
  jED<EOGARGALUS,  Masturbation, Nym-
phomania.
  J3D(EOGARGARISMUS,  Masturbation,
Nymphomania.
  jEDOiOMANIA, Nymphomania.
  .&D030N,  Inguen.
  ^EDGEOPSOPHESIS, ^Edoeopsophia.
  2ED(EOPSOPH'IA, jEdnopaophe'aia, from at-
Soia, 'the pudendum/ and  \po<petv, 'to make  a
noise.'  Emission of wind by the urethra in man,
by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages  and  Sagar.
  vEdcsopsophia Uterina, Physometra.
  jEDGEOTITIS, ^doeitis—ae. Gangraenosa,
Colpocace—ae. Gangraenosa puellarum,  Colpo-
cace  infantilis — ae.  Gangraenosa puerperarum,
Colpocace puerperarum.
  yEDCEOTOME, .Edceatomy.
  ^DffiOTOMIA, ^Edceatoniy.
  jEDOSOTOMY, ^Edceatomy.
  .&DOPTOSIS, Hysteroptosis—ae.  Uteri, Pro-
lapsus uteri—ae.  Uteri in versa, Uterus, inversion
of the — ae. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri—
ae. Vaginae, Prolapsus V.—ae. Vesicae, Exocyste.
  .33EIG'LUCES, Aeig'luces, from ati, 'always/
and y\vKvs, 'sweet.'  A  kind  of  sweet wine or
must. — Gorraeus.
  jEGAGROP'ILA, jEgagrop'ili, from aiyaypos,
' the rock goat/ and irtXos, ' hair/ Bezoar d'Alle-
magne, Pila Dama'rum seu Rupicapra'rum.   A
ball composed of hairs, found  in the stomach of
the goat: once used medicinally.—Bezoar.
  JEGEIROS; Populus.
  .&GER, Sick.
  iE'GIAS, jEgis, JEglia, ^E'gidea, from aif, 'the
goat;' why, is not known.  (F.) Aige or Aigle.
There is obscurity regarding the precise meaning
of this word.  It was used to designate an ulcer,
or speck on the transparent cornea.—Hippocrates.
   Maitre Jean uses it for a calcareous  deposit
between the  conjunctiva and sclerotica.
   .EGIDES, JEgias.
   .53'GILOPS, An'chilops,  An'kylops, from aif,
 ' goat/ and a>tp, 'the eye.' An ulcer at the greater
 angle of the eye, which sometimes does not pene-
 trate to the  lachrymal sac, but  at others does,
 and constitutes fistula lachrymalis.—Galen, Cel-
 sus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of  ^Egina, Ac.
   jEGI'RINON.  An ointment of which the fruit
 or  flower of  the  poplar was an ingredient; from
 atyeipos, 'the black poplar.'
   MG1AA, jEgias.
   ^IGOCERAS, Trigonella fcenum.
   ^GOLETHRON, Ranunculus flammula.
   ^GONYCHON, Lithospermum officinale.
   uEGOPHONIA, Egophony.
   iEGOPHONICUS, Egophonic.
   .EGOPODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum
 podagraria.
   .EGRIPPA, Agrippa.
   .EGRITUDO, Disease —ae. Ventriculi, Vomit-
 ing.
   ^EGROTATIO, Disease.
   ^GROTUS, Sick.
   ^EGYP'TIA.  An epithet  for several medi-
 cines, mentioned by  Galen,  Paulus of JEgina,
 and  Myrepsus.
   jEgyp'tia Moschata, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   ^Eqyp'tia  Stypte'riA,  Aiyvirrta  arvirrnpia,
 ^Egyptian alum.  Recommended by Hippocr.
   .^GYp'tia Ul'cera; ^Egyptian ulcera.  Ulcers
 of the fauces and tonsils, described  by Areueus,
 as common in Egypt and Syria. 
2EG7PTIACUM
51
.ETHER
  ^GYPTIACUM, yEgyp'tion, Mcde'aion, Md
JEgyptiacnm, Phar'macum jEgyjitiacum.  A pre-
paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de--
tergent.  See Linimentum jEruginis.
  jEG Y PTI OX, iKgvptiacum.
  .EGYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM AD
AURES, Pharmacum ad aures.
  VEGYP'TIUS PESSUS:  ^Egyptian pessary.
A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter,
oil of lilj' or of rose, saffron, each one part;  with
sometimes a small quantity of verdigris.
  AEICHRYSON, Sedum.
  JEIPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.)
  AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.)
  iEMOPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis.
  iENEA, Catheter.
  jEOLECTHYMA, Variola.
  iEOLLION, Varicella.
  jEOLLIUM, Varicella.
  ./EON, aiiav.  The entire age of a man  from
birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen.  Also, the
spinal marrow.  See Medulla Spinalis.
  jEONESIS, Fomentation.
  iEONION,  Sedum.
  jEO'RA, from aioipeot, 'I suspend.'  Gestation,
swinging.—Aetius,  Celsus, Ac
  .EQUALIS, Equal.
  .EQUA'TOR  OCULI.  The line formed  by
the  union of the upper and  under eyelid, when
thev are closed.  It is below the middle of the globe.
  yEQUIYOCUS, Equivocal.
  AKR, Air.
  AERATION  OF THE BLOOD, Hasmatosis.
  AERATUS, Carbonated.
  AERE, Carbonated.
  ^EREOLUM, jEreolw, Chalcua.  The  sixth
part of an obolus by weight, consequently about
2 grains.
  jE'RESIS,  aipcois, 'the removal of any thing.'
A suffix  denoting  a remoyal or  separation, as
Apharesis, Diaresis, Ac.
  AERGIA, Torpor.
  AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer,  (F.) AirifZre, from
aer, ' air/ and fcrre, ' to carry.'  An epithet for
tubes which convey air, as  the larynx, trachea,
and bronchia.
  AERIFLUX'US.  The discharge of gas, and
the  fetid emanations from the sick.  Flatulence.
— Sauvages.
  AERODIAPH'THORA, from anp,  'air/ and
liatpQopa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air.
  AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
  AEROL'OGY; Aerolog"ia, Aerolog"ice, from
arip, ' air/ and Xayos, ' a description.'  That part
of physics which treats of the air, its qualities,
uses, and action on the animal economy.
  AER'OMANCY, A'eromanti'a,  from artp, 'air/
and pavrua, 'divination."  An art in judicial as-
trology,  which consists in  the  foretelling,  by
means of the  air, or substances found in the at-
mosphere.
  AEROMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
  AEROPERITONIE, see Tympanites.
  AEROPHOB'IA, from anp, 'air/ and (po&os,
'fear.'  Dread of the air.  This  symptom  often
accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste-
ria and other affections.
  AKROPHOB'ICUS, Aeroph'obus; same ety-
mon.  One affected with aerophobia.
   AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus.
   AKROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthora.
  AEROPLEURIE, Pneumothorax.
   AF.ROSIS, Pneumatosis,  Tympanites.
   AEROTHORAX. Pneumothorax.
   JSRUCA, Cupri subacetas.
  .ERU'GINOUS, JErugino'aua, Io'dea, from
Aerugo, 'verdigris.'   (F.) Erugineux.   Resem-
bling verdigris in colour;  as the  bile when dis-
charged at times from the stomach.
  .ERU'GO,ioj,from«s, 'copper.'  Therustofany
metal, properly of brass.  See Cupri Subacetas.
  JErugo Ferri, Ferri subcarbonas—ae. Plumbi,
Plumbi subcarbonas.
  ^ES, Cuprum.
  iESCHOS, atoxos-   Deformity of the  body ge-
nerally, or of some part. — Hippocrates.     t
  ^ES'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TAXUM, from eaca,
'food/ [?] Caata'nea equi'na,  Pavi'na, Horse-
chestnut, Buck-eye.  (F.) Marronier d'Inde. Nat.
Ord. Hippocastaneae.  Sex. Syst. Heptandria Mo-
nogynia.  The bark has been advised as a substi-
tute for cinchona.  Both bark and fruit are as-
tringent.  Externally, it has been  employed, like
cinchona, in gangrene.
  .ESECAVUM, Brass.
  ESTATES, Ephelides.
  jESTHE'MA,  aic$ripa, gen. aicBriparos, 'a sen-
sation, a perception.'  See Sensation and Sensi-
bility.  In the plural, asthe'mata, the apparatuses
of the senses.
  uESTHEMATOL'OGY, jEsthematolog"ia;
from  awQtjpa,  and  Xoyos,  'a description.'  The
doctrine of, or a  treatise on, the senses,  or on the
apparatus of the senses.
  uESTHEMATONU'SI,  JEsthematorganonu'si,
from  aiaBnpa,  and  vovaoi,  ' diseases.'  Diseases
affecting sensation.
  .ESTHEMATORGANONUSI, ^Isthemato-
nusi.
  ^ESTHE'SIS, Aisthe'sia,  from aioSavopai, 'I
feel.'   The faculty of being  affected  by a sensa-
tion.   Perception.   Sensibility, as well  as  the
Benses themselves.  See Sense.
  .ESTHETERION,  Sensorium.
  .ESTHET'ICA, from  aiabavopai, 'I feel/  Dis-
eases affecting the  sensations.  Dulness, depra-
vation or abolition of one or  more  of the external
organs of sense.  The 2d order, class Neurotica,
of Good.  Also, agents that affect  sensation.—

  .ESTIVUS, Estival.
  vESTUARIUM, Stove.
  jESTUATIO,  Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation,
  .ESTUS, Ardor.
  ^Estus Volat'icus.  Sudden heat,  scorching
or flushing of the face.—Vogel.
  J3TAS, Age — as. Bona, Adolescence—ae. De-
crepita,  Decrepitude — ae.  Mala,  Senectus — ae.
Provecta, Senectus—ae. Senilis, Senectus.
  AETHER, Ether, from aiSnp, 'air/ or from aiSur,
'I burn.'  Liquor athe'reus.  A volatile liquor ob-
tained by distillation from  a mixture of alcohol
and a concentrated  acid. See ^Ether sulphuricus,
and Ether.
  .53ther Chloricus, Chloroform; Ether, chloric.
  vEther Hydrocyan'icus, jEther Prus'sicus,
Hydrocyan'ic  Ether, Hydrocy'anate of  Eth'erine,
 Cyan'uret of Eth'ule, (F.) Ether Hydrocyaniqne,
has been advised in  hooping-cough, and where
the hydrocyanic acid is indicated.  Dose, 6 drops.
  ..Ether LiGNosrs,  Acetone.
  ^Ether Martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol sul-
furico-aethereus  ferri.
  JETHER MuRlAT'lCUS, Muriat'ic or  Chlorohy-
dric  Ether, Mu'riate of Etherine,   Chloride of
Ethy/e.  This ether, on account of its  volatility,
can only be kept in cool places.  It has the  pro-
perties of the other  ethers, and  when used,  is
generally mixed with an equal bulk of alcohol.
It has been employed as an  anaesthetic. A Chlo-
rinated  Chlorohydric  Ether, (F.) Ether  Chlor-
hydrique chlore, formed by the action of Cldorin*
on  Chlorohydric Ether, has  been  introduced into
practice as a local anaesthetic. 
^TnEREA HERBA
52
AFFERENT
   .Ether  Nitricus  Alcooi.isatus,  Spiritus
 HPtheris nitrici—ae. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone.
   iETHEU Sulphu'ricus, Ai. Vitriol'icus, Naph-
 tha Vitrioli, Sul'phuric  Ether.  Ether prepared
 from sulphuric ether and alcohol.
  .Rectifcd Ether, blither rectifica'tus, prepared
 by distilling 12 oz.  from a mixture of sulphuric
 ether, f^xiv, fused potaaa,  5ss. and  distilled
 water, i'^ij, is alimpid, colourless, very inflam-
 mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra-
 grant odour, and hot pungent taste.  Its s. g. is
 0.7*12.
   -Ether Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of the
 Pharmacopoeia  of the  United  States  (1842),
 Aether of that of 1851, is  formed from  alcohol,
 Oiv; sulphuric acid, Oj ; potassa,  3VJ >* distilled
 water, f,3iij; distilling and redistilling according
 to the process there laid down.  The specific gra-
 vity of this ether is 0.750.
   It  is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and anti-
 spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant.  Dose,
 gtt. xxx to f^'ss.   When ether is inhaled, it  is
 found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent: and is
 employed with advantage in spasmodic affections,
 and in surgical operations.  See Anaesthetic.
   The Parisian Codex has an AZther ace'ticua, an
 ASther muria'ticua seu hydrochlor'icua, an  ASther
 ni'tricus  seu nitro'aua, and  an AZther phoapho-
 ra'tus.  They all  possess similar virtues.  See
 Anaesthetic.
   jEther  Sulphuricus  Acidus, Elixir  acidum
 Halleri — ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus
 aetheris sulphurici—ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole
 aromaticus, Spiritus  aetheris aromaticus.
   jEtheh  Terebinthina'tus,  Terebinth'inated
 ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of
 alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine,
 with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and
 distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat.
 Employed externally and internally in biliary
 calculi, rheumatism, Ac.  Dose 20 to 40  drops,
 in honey or yolk of egg.
   .ETHEREA HERBA, Eryngium maritimum.
   ^ETHE'REAL,  Ethe'real,  Ethe'reous,  AZthe'-
 reus,  (F.) Etheree.  An  ethereal  tincture, (F.)
 Teinture  etheree; is one formed by the action of
 sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on
 medicinal substances.  An ethereal oil is a vola-
 tile oil.  See Olea Volatilia.
  iETHERIZATIO, Etherization.
   /ETHERIZATUS. Etherized.
  ^THE'REO-OLEO'SA  (Remedia), from
 AStheroleum, 'a volatile  oil.'  Remedies,  whose
 properties  are dependent upon the volatile oil
 thev contain.
  iETHEROLEA, Olea volatilia.
  JETHIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone.  A
 stone formerly supposed  to be possessed of con-
 siderable virtue.—Oribasius.
  .ETHIOPIFICA'TIO, ASthiopopoe'aia,  Ethi-
 opia'mus, ASthiopio1sis, from AUthiops, and facere,
 'to make.'  The mummy-like colouring of the
 skin,  induced at times by the  use of mercurial
 •intment: and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic
  .ETHIOPIOSIS, .Ethiopificatio.
  JETHIOPIS. Salvia sclarea.
  .ETHIOPISMUS, ^Ethiopificatio.
  jETHIOPOPOESIS, .Ethiopificatio.
  .E'THIOPS, from  ai$u,  'I  burn/  and u>^,
 'countenance.'  A black or burnt countenance.
 The ancients  gave this name to  certain oxides
 and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black
 colour.
   Ethiops Albus, Albino—ae. Alcalisatus, Hy-
 drargyrum cum creta— ae. Animal, see Choroid.
  J3THI0P9  Martia'lis,  Ferri  Deutox'ydum ni-
grum.  The black deutoxide of iron: once in re-
pute as a tonic.
  Ethiops Mineralis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
 nigrum—ae. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
 nigrum—ae. perse, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum
 —x. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum—■
 ic. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus.
   .ETHOL'ICES,  from ai$a, 'I burn.'  Fiery
 pustules on  the  skin.  Some  have considered
 them to have been boils.
   .ETHUSA AM MI, Sison ammi.
   Mtuu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool'e Paraley, (F.) Faux
 Perail, Petite Gigue.  Family, Umbelliferae. Sex.
 Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.  A  poisonous  plant,
 which has been mistaken  for true parsley, pro-
 ducing nausea, vomiting,  headache, giddiness,
 sopor, and at times, fatal results.  It resembles
 conium in its'action.
   jEthu'sa Meum, Meum,  M.  Athaman'ticum,
 seu Anethifo'lium, Athaman'ta Meum, Ligus'ticum
 Capilla'ceum seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, Men, Spig-
 nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Mium. The root has
 been advised as carminative, stomachic, Ac.
   JETIOL'OGY, -Etiolog"ia,  Etiol'ogy,  Aitio-
 log"ia, from  aina, 'cause/ and  Xoyos, 'a dis-
 course.'  The doctrine of the causes of disease.
   ..ETI'TES, from atros, 'an eagle.'  Eagle-stone,
 Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de tritoxide defer. This
 stone was formerly supposed to facilitate delivery,
 if bound on the thigh;  and to prevent abortion,
 if bound on the arm.   It was also called  Lapis
 Collymus.
   2ETOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins.
   ^ETOLION, Cnidia grana.
   AFFADISSEMENT, (F.) from fade, 'insipid/
 That condition of the digestive function in which
 the  appetite  is  diminished,  the sense of taste
 blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled;
 a state usually accompanied by general languor.
   AFFAIBLISSEMENT, Asthenia.
   AFFAIRES, Menses.
   AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus.
   AFFECTIO, Affection—a.  Arthritica Cordis,
 Cardiagra—a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis
 — a. Hysterica, Hysteria—a. Sarmatica, Plica—
 a. Tympanitica, Tympanites.
   AFFECTION, Affec'tio, from officio or  affec-
 tare (ad and facere,)  'to move  or  influence.'
 Any mode in which the mind or body is affected
 or modified.
   AFFECTION TYPHOlDE,  see  Typhus —
 a. Vaporeuse, Hypochondriasis.
   AFFECTIONES ANIMI,  Affections of the
 mind.
   AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affec'tus seu
 Passio'nes seu  Affectio'nea  seu Conquaaaatio'nea
 seu Confuaio'nea seu Turbatio'nea seu Perturba-
 tio'nea an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include not
 only the  different passions, as love, hatred, jea-
lousy, Ac, but every condition of the mind that
is  accompanied by an  agreeable or disagreeable
feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, Ac.
   In  Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, is
synonymous with  disease:  thus  we speak of a
pulmonary affection, a calculous affection, Ac.
  AFFECTIONS BE L'AME.  Affections of
the mind.
  AFFECTIVE. Thatwhich anVcts, touches, Ac.
 Gall gives the term affective faculties (F.) Facul-
tes affectives, to functions  dependent  upon the
organization of the brain, comprising the  senti-
ments, affections, Ac.
  AFFECTUS, Passion — a. Faucium  pestilens,
 Cyanche  maligna —a. Hyderbdes, Hydrops—a.
 Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia fa-
ciei.                                   fe
  AF'FERENT, Af'ferena,  Centrip'etal, Eaod'ic,
from affero, (ad andfero, 'to  carry/) 'I bring'
 Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the
 centre.  The vessels which  convey the lymph to
the lymphatic glands, are called  afferent.   Also 
AFFION
53
AGGLUT1NANT
nerves that convey impressions towards the nerv-
ous centres—nrrvi zntobanon'tea.
  AF'EION, Of'fium, O'pium.  The Bantamese
thus designate an electuary of which opium is the
basis, and which they use as an excitant.
  AFFLA'TUS, Adda'tus, Epipnoi'a,  from ad,
'to/ and flare  'to blow.'  Any  air that strikes
the body and produces disease.
  AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (ad and
fluerc, 'to  flow/) 'to flow to.'  A flow or deter-
mination of humours, and particularly of blood,
towards any part.
  AFFLUXUS, Fluxion.
  AFFUSIO, Affusion—a. Frigida, see Affusion
—a. Orbicularis, Placenta.
  AFFU'SIOX, Affu'sio, Pros'chysis, Epich'ysis,
from ad, 'to/ and fundere, fusum, 'to pour.'  The
action of pouring a  liquid on any body.  Affu-
sions, Rhyptolu'm'a, cold and warm, are used in
different diseases.  The cold  affusion, Affu'sio
seu Perfu'sio frig"Ida, is said to have been bene-
ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina,
if used  during the first days.  It  consists in pla-
cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water
over him; then wiping him dry, and putting him
to bed.   The only precaution necessary, is, to
use it in the state of greatest heat and  exacerba-
tion; not when chilliness, or  topical inflamma-
tion, is present.
  AFIUM,  Opium.
  AFTER-BIRTH,  Secundines.
  AFTER-PAINS, see Pains, labour.
  AGACEMEXT, (F.) from aKa^iv, 'to sharpen.'
The setting on edge.
  AG AG EM EN T BES BENTS.  A disagree-
able sensation experienced when acids are  placed
in contact with the teeth.  Tooth edge.  Setting
the teeth on edge.
  AGACEMEXT BES NERFS.  A slight ir-
ritation of  the system, and particularly  of the
organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding
nearly to the English Fidgets.
  AGALACTATIO,  Agalactia.
  AGALACTIA, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, Agalac-
ta'tio, Befec'tus lac'tis,  Oligoga'lia, Oligogalac'-
tia, from a,  privative, and yaXa, 'miUi.'  Absence
of milk in the mammae.
  AGALAXIA, Agalactia.
  AGAL'LOCHUM, from ayaXXopat, 'to become
splendid/ Calambac, Oalambouk, Lig'num  AgaV-
lochi  veri,  Lig'num Al'oes, L.  Aspal'athi,  Xylo-
alo'es, Aloes  wood.  A resinous and very aromatic
wood of the East Indies, from Excaca'ria AgaV-
locha, Cynometra Agal'lochum, Aloex'ylon  AgaV-
lochum.   Used in making pastils, Ac. — Diosco-
rides, Oribasius, Paulus.
  AGAMOUS, see Cryptogamous.
  AG'ARIC, Agar'icum.  A genus of plants in
the Linnaean system, some of  which are edible,
others poisonous.  It was so called from Agaria,
a region of Sarmatia.—Dioscorides.  Among the
edible varieties of the Boletus, the following are
the chief.  1. The Agar'icus edu'lia seu Arven'aia
seu Sylvat'icus seu Campea'tria, (F.) Agaric comea-
tible et champignon de couche.  2. The  Agar'icus
odora'tus, (F.\  Mmisseron.  The  most common
poisonous varieties are  the Agar'icus neca'tor,
(F.) Agaric meurtrier:  and  2.  The Agaricus
acria, (F.) Agaric  dcre ; besides the Auranite, a
sub-genus,  which includes several species.  One
of the most  delicate is the Agaricus Aurantiacua,
but care must be taken not to confound it with
the A.  Pseudo-aurantiacus, which  is  very  poi-
sonous.  The A. aurantiacus is called, in French,
Oronge.  See Poisons, Table of.
  Agaric, soe Boletus igniarius — o. Blanc, Bo-
letus laricis — a. de Ohene, Boletus igniarius—a.
Female, Boletus igniarius — a. of the Oak, Bole-
tus igniarius—a. Odorant, Daedalea suaveolens —
a. White, Boletus laricis.
  AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius.
  AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius—a. Albus, Bo-
letus laricis—a. Arvensis, see Agaric—a. Auran-
tiacus,  Amanitas,  Bolites — a.  Auriculajforma,
Peziza auricula — a. Campestris,.see Agaric — a.
Chirurgorum,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Igniarius,
Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Boletus laricis —
a. Pseudo-aurantiacus,  Amanitas — a. Querctis,
Boletus igniarius — a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric.
  AGASYLLIS GALBANUM, Bubongalbarium.
  AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus  damarra.
  AGATHOSMA   CRENATUM,  Diosma  cre-
nata.
  AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentiana  chi-
rayita.
  AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sa, Ameri-
can Agave, American aloe, Maguey, from ayavos,
'admirable.' Nat. Ord.  Bromeliaceae.  Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.  This plant has  been
considered diuretic and antisyphilitic.  The fa-
vourite drink of the Mexicans—Pulque—is the
fermented juice of this plant.
  Agave Ramosa, A. Americana.
  Agave  Virgin'ica,  Rattlesnake's  master:—
grows in the Southern States.  The root is very
bitter.  It has been  used in tincture as a carmina-
tive in  colic; and  as a remedy for bites of ser-
pents.
  AGE, 'nXiKia, Heli'kia,  AZtas ;—Of uncertain
etymon.   Period of life.  Time that has  elapsed
since birth, Ac.   Five ages are often designated
in the life of man.  1. First infancy (Infun'tia;)
2. Second  infancy  (Pueri"tia;) 3. Adolescence
(Adoleseen'tia:) 4. The adult age (Viril'itas:)
5. Old  age  (Senec'tus.)
  AGENEIOS, Imberbis.
  AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and  yivtais,
'generation.'  Imperfect development of any part
of the  body;  as cerebral agenesis,  i. e. imperfect
development of the brain  in the foetus.
  AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas.
  AGENNESIS, Impotence.
  AGENOSO'MUS;  from a,  privative,  yewau>,
'I generate/ and au>pa,  'body.'   A malformation
in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly
in the  lower part of the abdomen; the urinary
or sexual apparatus absent or very rudimentary.
  AGENT, Agens,  from  agere, 'to act.'  Any
power  which produces,  or tends to produce an
effect on the human body.  Morbific agents,  (F.)
Agens  morbifiques, are the causes  of disease; —
therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens therapeutiques,
the means of treating it.
  AGER NATURAE, Uterus.
  AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative,
and ynpas, 'old age.'  A vigorous and green old

 °AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum.
  AGE'RATUS LAPIS.  A stone used by cob-
blers to polish shoes.  It was formerly esteemed
discutient  and   astringent. — Galen,  Oribasius,
Paulus.
  AGES. Palm.
  AGEUSIA, Ageustia.
  AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageu'sia, Apogeus'-
tia, Apogeu'sis, Bysasthe'sia  gustato'ria, Para-
geu'sis, from a, priv., and yevans, 'taste.'  Dimi-
nution  or loss of taste, Anasthe'sia lingua.  Sau-
vages,  Cullen.
  AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus,  from  ag-
glomerare (ad and  glomerare,  'to wind up yarn
in a ball/)  'to collect together.'  Applied to tu-
mours or glands in aggregation.
  AGGLU'TINAXT, Aggtu'tinans,  Collet'icus,
Glu'tinana, from gluten, 'glue' (F.) Agglutinant,
Agglutinatif,  Glutinatif.  Remedies  were  for- 
TO AGGLUTINATE            54              AGRYPNODES
merly so called, which were considered capable
of uniting divided parts.—Paulus.
  Plasters are called agglutinants, (F.) agglnti-
natifs, which adhere strongly to the skin.  Cer-
tain bandages are likewise so termed. (F.) Ban-
delettes aqglutinatives.
  TO AGGLU'TINATE.   The French use the
word  agglutiner, in the sense of 'to reunite;' as
agglutiner les livrea d'une plaie, 'to reunite the
lips of a wound.'
  AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant.
  AGGLUTINATIO, Coition.
  AGGLUTINA'TION,  Colle'eia,  Epicolle'aia,
Proacolle'ais, Glutina'tio, from agglutinare, 'to
glue  together/  The  first  degree of adhesion.
Also, the action of agglutinants.
   AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate.
 .  AG'GREGATE, Aggrega'tus, from aggregare,
(ad and gregare,) 'to flock together/ 'to assemble
together.'  Glands  are  called  aggregate  which
are in clusters.   See  Peyeri Glandulae.   Aggre-
gate  pills,  (F.)  Pilules agrigatives,  signified,
formerly, those which were believed to contain
the properties of a considerable number of medi-
 cines, and to be able to supply their place.
   AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia.
   AGHOUL, Agul.
   AGIAHA'LID  or  AGIHA'LID  or  AGRA-
 IIA'LID.  An Egyptian and Ethiopian  shrub,
 similar to Ximenia.   The Ethiopians use it as a
 vermifuge.  The fruit is  purgative.
   AGIHALID, Agiahalid.
   AGISSANT, Active.
   AGITATION, Agita'tio, Bone'aia; from agere,
 'to act.'  Constant and fatiguing motion of the
 body, Tyrbe, Tyrba'aia, In'quiea, — or distressing
 mental inquietude,—An'imi Agita'tio.
   AGITATORIUS, Con.vul'sive.
    AGLOS'SIA,  from a, privative, and  yXiocaa,
 'the tongue.'  A malformation, which consists  in
 the want of a tongue.
    AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Agloasia, and aropa,
 'mouth.'  A mouth without a tongue.
    AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Agloaaoatomo-
 gra'phia, from a, priv., yXiaaaa, 'the tongue/
 gropa,  ' tjie mouth/  and  ypatfiw,  ' I  describe.'
 Description of a mouth  without a tongue.—Ro-
 land (of Saumur).
    AGLUTI'TION, Agluti'tio, from a, priv., and
 glutire, 'to swallow.'  A hybrid term, designat-
 ing impossibility of swallowing.—Linnaeus.
    AGMA, Fracture.              •
    AGMATOLOG"IA, from aypa, fracture, and
  Xoyof, ' a description.'  The doctrine of fractures.
  A treatise on fractures.
    AGME,  Fracture.
    AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
  of the fingers.—a. Membrana, Amnios.
    AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands.
    AGXA'THIA, from a, priv., and yvaOos, 'jaw.'
  A malformation, which  consists in the  want of
  the  jaw. especially of the lower.
    AGNIXA MEMBRANA, Amnios.
    AGXOI'A, Agnce'a from a, priv., and yivoaKia,
  ' I know.' State of a patient who does not recog-
  nise individuals.—Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius.
    AGNUS_ CASTUS, Vitex.
    AGO'GE, aytiiyn.  The order or condition of a
  disease.—Hippoc, Galen.  Likewise the state of
  the air.—Tlippoc, Galen,  Gorraeus, Foesius.
    AGOGUE, ayiayos, a  leader/ from aym, 'I lead
  or  expel/   Hence  Cholagogue,  an  expeller of
  bile:  Hydragogue, Ac.
    AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompho'aia, from a, priva-
  tive,  and yop$oo>, ' I nail.'  Looseness of  the
  teeth.—Gorraeus.  See Gomphiasis.
    AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis.
    AGON, Agony.
  AG ONE, Hyoscyamus.
  AGONIA, Sterilitas.
  AG0N1SMA, Agony.
  AGON ISM US, Agony.
  AGONIS'TICA, from ayoov, 'a combat.   lne
part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference
to the combats of the Athletae.
  Also, very cold water, given internally, to calm
febrile heat.—Paulus of  ^Egina.
  AGONIZANS, Psychorages.
  AGONOS, Sterile.                       .
  AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonis'ma, Agonts -
mua,  Mochthua, Mogus,  Psychorag"ia, Psychor-
rhag"ia, Angor, from  ayo>v, 'a combat.'  The
rhag1'...,
last struggle of life.—Galen, Gorrieus, Ac  lne
agony, which is of longer or shorter duration, is
characterized by great change in the features,
gradual abolition of sensation and motion, loss
of voice, dryness or lividity of. the tongue and
lips, rattling in the  throat, small  and intermit-
tent pulse,  and  coldness of the  extremities.
This state is not present in those who die sud-
denly.  See Fac'ies Hippocratica.
  AGOS'TUS, from ayu>, ' I lead.'  The fore arm
from the  elbow to the fingers.  Also, the  palm
of the hand.—Gorraeus.  See Palm.
  AGRA, aypa, from aypm, ' I seize hold of/  A
seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache;
 Chiraqra, Podagra,  Ac.
  AGRAFE BE VALENTIN.  A kind of for-
ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen-
tin in the operation for hare lip, to effect the ap-
proximation of the edges of the wound.
  AGRAHALID, Agiahalid.
  AGREGATIVES PILULES.  See  Aggre-
 gate.
  AGRIA, Herpes exedens.
  AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba.
   AGRICOCCIMELEA,  Prunus  Spinosa.
   AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium.
   AGRIMONIA,   Agrimony — a.   Eupatoria,
 Agrimony—a.  Odorata,  Agrimony—a. Officina-
 lis, Agrimony.
   AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria  seu
 odora'ta seu officinalis, Caf'al, Lap'pula hepat'-
 ica, Cockle-bur, Stickwort.  (F.) Aigremoine. Nat.
 Ord. Rosaceae.  ^ea;.  Syet. Icosandria Digynia.
 A  mild  astringent  and   stomachic.    Bose,  in
 powder, from £)j t° 3J-
   Agrimony, Hemp, Eupatoriumcannabinum.
   AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum,
 Lycoperdon tuber.
   AGRIOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum.
   AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana.
   AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum.
   AGRIOTHYM'IA, from aypios, 'ferocious,' and
 Svpos, 'disposition.'  Ferocious insanity. — Sau-
 vages.
   AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca.
   AGRIP'PA, Algrip'pa, from ager partus, 'dif-
 ficult birth:'  or perhaps from aypa,  'taking,  or
 seizure/  and  novs, 'the  foot.'   This  term has
 been given to those born by the feet.  It is  pre-
 tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their
 name from this circumstance. Parturition, where
 the feet present, is called Agrippa,partus, Agrip-
 pi'nus partus.
    AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see Agrippa.
    AGRO DI  CEDRO, see Citrus medica.
    AGROPYRUM L^VISSIMUM, Triticum re-
  pens.
    AGROSTIS, Bryonia  alba.
    AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa.
    AGRYPNIA, Insomnia.
    AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil.
    AGRYPNO'DES,  from aypvnvos,  'sleepless.'
  Characterized by sleeplessness,  as Febria Agry-
  pnodea,  a fever accompanied with sleeplessness. 
AGRYPNOTICUS
55
AITION
  AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic.
  AGRYP'NUS, aypvirvos.  Sleepless; vigilant.
  AGUA  BE VERUGA, see Verugas.
  AGUARBIENTE, Brandy.  See also Spirit.-
—a. de Italia, see Spirit.
  A'GUE, from Gothic, agis, 'trembling.' (?) In-
termittent fever.
  Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever.
  Ague  Cake,  Placen'ta febri'lia,  Phyaco'nia
sple'nicum, P. eplenica, Splenia Tumor; (F.) Gd-
teau febrile. A visceral obstruction—generally
in the spleen—which follows agues, and is dis-
tinctly  felt by  external  examination.  To  a
greater or less degree, it is not uncommon.
  Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked.  Ague drop,
tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis—a. Dumb, see Fever,
masked—a. Free, Laurus  sassafras—a. Leaping,
see Leaping ague—a. Quartan, Quartan—a. Ter-
tian, Tertian fever—a. Weed, Eupatorium perfo-
liatum.
  AGUL, Aghoul, Alha'gi,  the Hedisa'rum seu
Hedysa'rum alhagi.   A thorny shrub of Persia
and Mesopotamia,  which affords manna.  The
leaves are purgative.
  AGY'ION, from  a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.'
Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr.  Weak,
feeble.—Galen.
  AGYR'IAS, from  ayvpis, 'a collection.'   Opa-
city of the crystalline.—Aetius, Pare.
  AGYRTA, from ayvpis,  'a crowd.'   Formerly,
a stroller  who pretended to supernatural powers.
Subsequently, a quack or illiterate  pretender.
See Charlatan.
  AGYRTIA, Charlatanry.
  AHO'RA, from a,  privative, and 'oipa, 'youth.'
Tardy development of the organs :—the opposite
to Hyperho'ra.
  AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai.
  AHUSAL, Orpiment.
  AHYPNIA, Insomnia.
  AIBE, (F.) Ad'jutor min'ister.  An assistant
to a surgeon in his operations.
  AIDOROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  S.IERSA, Iris Germanica.
  AIGE, .Egias.
  AIGLE,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.   Near
the city of this name, in  Normandy,  is the cha-
lybeate  spring  of  Saint Xantin, much used in
the 16th and 17th centuries.
  AIGLE, JEgias.
  AIGRE, Acidulous—a. Voix.   See Acid.
  AIGRELET, Acidulous.
  AIGRETTE, see  Typha latifolia.
  AIGREMOINE, Agrimony.
  AIGREURS, Acidities.
  AIGU, Acute.
  AIGUILLE, Needle-^a.  d Acupuncture, see
Needle—a. d Appareil,  see Needle—a. A Bee  de
Lievre, see Needle—a. d Cataracte, see Needle—
a. de Beschamps, see Needle—a. Engainee, see
Needle—a.  d Fistule, see Needle—a. d. Gaine,
see  Needle — a. d  Ligature, see Needle — a. d
Manchc,  see Needle—a. d Seton, see Needle—a.
d Suture, see Needle.
  AIGUILLON,  (F.)  Spina  Helmon'tii.  A
term used since the time of Van Helmont to de-
signate  the  proximate cause of inflammation.
According to him,  an  inflamed  part  is in the
same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were
thrust into it.
  AIGUISER, to Acidulate.
  AIL,  Allium.               ,
  AILE,  Ala, Aileron.
  AILERON, (F.) Extre'ma Ala seu Pin'nula,
diminutive of (F.) Aile, a wing.  The extremity
of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers
are attached.
  AILERONS DE LA  MA TRICE.   Three
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the
uterus, which are  occupied by the ovary and its
ligament, the Fallopian tube, and the round liga-
ment.
  AIMA, 'aipa, see Haema.
  AIM ANT, Magnet.
  AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea.
  AIM0RRHO5A, Heemorrhagia.
  AIMORRHOIS, Haemorrhois.
  AINE, Inguen.
  AIPATHIA, Continent  disease.
  AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
  AIPIMA C OXER A, Jatropha manihot.
  AIPIPOCA,  Jatropha manihot.
  AIR,  A'er,  Pneuma, from  aw, ' I  breathe.'
 Common Air, Atmospheric  air (F.) Air atmosphe-
rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in-
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid,
which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur-
rounds  the earth to the height  of  15 or 16
leagues.
  Air is essentially  composed of two gases, oxy-
 gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the
 former  to  80 of the latter.  Oxygen is the vital
 portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it.
 Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid
 gas, and has always floating in it aqueous  va-
 pour, different terrestrial  emanations, Ac.  Its
 effects upon the human body vary according to
its  greater or less density,  temperature, moisture,
 Ac.;  hence, change of air  is found  extremely
serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain
morbid conditions.  See  Climate  and Respira-
tion.
  AIR ACIDE  V1TRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous
 acid—a. Alcalin, Ammonia—a. Atmospherique,
 Air.
  Air Bladder,  Swim-bladder, Swimming blad-
 der ;  (F.) Vessie natatoire. An abdominal organ
 in  many fishes,  sometimes  communicating by
 means  of a duct with the alimentary  canal, at
 others,  not, which is considered by some to  be-
 long to the respiratory system.   Its contents are
 the elements of atmospheric air,  but in different
 proportions ; and its chief and general function
 appears to  be to regulate the specific  gravity of
 the fish.
  Air Cells of the Lungs, Bronchial cells; see
 Qellule—a. Chamber, Folliculus aeris—a. Dephlo-
 gisticated,  Oxygen—a. Empyreal, Oxygen—a. du
 Feu,  Oxygen—a. Factitious, Carbonic acid—a.
 Fixed, Carbonic aeid—a. Gate, Azote—a. Inflam-
 mable,  Hydrogen, Hydrogen carburetted.
  Air Passages, (F.) Voies aeriennea, V. aeri-
 ferea.  The larynx, trachea, bronchia, Ac.
  Air,  Pure,  Oxygen—a. Solid, of Hales, Car-
 bonic acid—a.  ViciS, Azote—a. Vital, Oxygen.
  AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass.
  AIRE, Areola.
  AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vaccinium myr-
 tillus—a. Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idaea.
  AIRIGNE, Hook.
  AIRTHREY,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Airthrey is situate about two  miles  north of
 Stirling, Scotland.   The  waters are  saline ca-
 thartics ; containing chloride of sodium, chloride
 of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag-
 nesium.
  AISSELLE, Axilla.
  AISTHESIS, .Esthesis.
  AITHOMO'MA,  from aiSos,  'black.'   A black
 condition  of all  the  humours  of the eye.  A.
 Pare.
  AITIA,  Cause.
  AITIOLOGY, ^Etiologia.
  AITION, Cause. 
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE            56              ALBUM CANIS
  AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS
OF.  Called by the Germans, Aachen.  A ther-
mal, sulphureous, mineral water, which contains,
in 1000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches of sulpho-
hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches  of carbonic
acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime,
0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444
grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.3697 grammes
of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda,
and  0.0705 of silica.  The  temperature is 134°
Fahrenheit.
  The factitioua water of Aix-la-Chapelle, A'qua
Aquiagranen'eia,  (F.) Eau d'Aix-la-Chapelle, is
made by adding pure water f^xvijss. to hydro-
sulphuretted water f^iv., carbonate  of soda gr.
xx, chloride of sodium gr. ix.—Ph. P.
  There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix
in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs  at Aix
in Provence (91°).
  AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum.
  A'JUGA, A. pyramida'lia,  Gonsol'ida me'dia,
Bu'gula, B.pyramida'lis, Teu'criumpyramida'le,
Upright Bugloss, Middle Consound.  (F.)  Bugle
pyramidale.  This plant is subastringent and
bitter.
  Ajuga Cham^epitys, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  Ajuga Reptans, Bu'gula, B. reptans, Common
Bugle, (F.) Bugle rampante, has similar proper-
ties.
  AKATALIS, Juniperus communis.
  AKATERA, Juniperus communis.
  AKINESIA, Acinesia.
  AKOLOGY, Materia Medica.
  AKRATOPEGJE, Acratopegae.
  ALA, Pinna,  Pteryx, 'a  wing.'  (F.)  Aile.
A term often  used by anatomists for parts which
project like a wing from the median  line;  as the
Ala nasi, Ala of the uterus, Ac.  See Axilla and
Pavilion of the Ear.  Also,  Pterygium.
  Ala Extrema, see Aileron.
  ALABAS'TER,  Alabas'trum.   (F.)  Albdtre,
Alabastri'tes.   A  variety of  compact gypsum;
of which an  ointment was  once made ;—the un-
guen'tum alabastri'num;  used as a discutient.
Alabaster  likewise  entered into several  denti-
frices.
  ALABASTRITES, Alabaster.
  AL.E INTERX.E MIXORES  CLITORIDIS,
Nymphae—a.  Majores, Lab,ia pudendi—a. Mino-
res, Nymphae—a.  Muliebres minores, Nymphae—
a. Nasi, see Nasus—a. Pudendi Muliebris, Labia
pudendi—a.  Pulmonum, see  Pulmo—a.  of the
Uterus, see Ala—a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus.
  ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.'  To suckle.
  ALALIA,  Mutitas.
  ALAMB1C, Alembic.
  ALAXFU'TA.  A name given by the Arabians
to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip,
which they were in the habit of opening in cases
of foetor of the breath.—Avicenna.
  ALAQUE'CA.  The Hindoostanee name of a
stone, found in small, polished fragments, which
is considered efficacious  in arresting hemorrhage
when applied externally.   It  is  a sulphuret of
iron.
  ALARES  MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
  Ala'res VenjE.  The superficial veins  at the
fold of the arm.
  ALA'RIA  OSSA.  The wing-like  processes of
the sphenoid  bone.
  ALA'RIS,  Ala'tus, Aliform'ia; from  ala, 'a
wing.'  Wing-shaped; winged.
  ALATERNUS, _ COMMON, Rhamnus  ala-
ternus — a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus.
  ALA'TUS.  Pterygo'dea, Homo ala'tus.  One
whose scapulae project backwards like wings.
  ALBAD'ARAN,  Aldabaran.  The sesamoid
bone of the  metatarso-phalangal joint  of the
great toe.  The Rabbis and Magicians attributed
extraordinary virtues to it.—Arabians.
  ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.
  ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen ovi.
  ALBAX, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department
of the Loire.
  ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides—a. Nigra,
Lepra nigricans.
  ALBAR^ES, Lepra alphoides.
  ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides.
  ALBATRE, Alabaster.
  ALBEDO UNGUIUM,  see Nail.
  ALB IN D'CEUF,  Albumen ovi.
  ALBINISM, see Albino.
  ALBINISMUS, see Albino.
  ALBI'NO   'White.'  Leuca'thiops, AZthiopt
albus, Dondo, from albua, 'white.'   (F.) Blafard,
Xigre-blanc.  A Spanish word applied to indivi-
duals of the human race who have the skin and
hair white; the iris very pale, bordering on red;
and the eyes so sensible, that they cannot bear
the light of day.  This condition, which has been
called Leucathio'pia, Alpho'sis Althiop'ica, Albi-
no'ia'mua, Albinis'mus, Al'biniam, Leucopathi'a, is
seen more frequently in the Negro.  Both sexes
are exposed to it.  It does not seem to be true,
that there are tribes of Albinos in the interior of

  ALBINOISMUS, see Albino.
  ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi.
  AL'BORA.  A kind of  itch or complicated
leprosy.—Paracelsus.
  ALBOT, Crucible.
  ALBOTIM, Terebinthina.
  ALBUGIN'EA, Tn'nica albugin'ea, A. Testis,
Perites'tia, Dura mater testis, Membra'na capsula'-
ris  testis.  (F.) Albuginie, Tunique albuginee.  A
strong, fibrous, and  resisting membrane, which
immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at
its  upper part,  an  enlargement,  called  corpus
Highmorianum.   From its inner surface  it sends
off  a number of flat,  filiform prolongations^or
septa,  between which  are  contained the semi-
niferous vessels.  Externally it is covered by the
tunica vaginalis testis.
  ALBUGINEE, Albuginea, Albugineous.
  ALBUGIN'EOUS, Albugin'eus,  'white/from
albus,  (F.) Albuginie.  A term applied to tex-
tures, humours, Ac,  which are perfectly  white.
  Albugin'eous Fibre, (F.) Fibre albuginee. A
name given by Chaussier to  what he considers
one of the four elementary fibres.
  The albugineous  fibre  is linear, cylindrical,
tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a
shining,  satiny appearance.  It forms fasciae or
fasciculi, which eonstitute the tendons, articular
ligaments, and  aponeuroses;  hence the name
Albugineoua membranea, given by Chaussier to
the fibrous membranes.
  Gauthier considered, that the  rete mucosura
consists of four layers, to two of which he gives
the names membra'na  albugin'ea profun'da and
membra'na albugin'ea superficia'lis, respectively.
  ALBUGINI'TIS,  (F.)  Albuginite.   A  term
employed by some authors for inflammation of
the albugineous tissue.  Thus, gout and rheu-
matism are regarded  as  species  of the genus
albuginitis.
  ALBUGO  OCULORUM, Leucoina—a. Ovi,
Albumen  ovi.
  ALBULA, Leucoma.
  ALBUM CANIS,  Album graecuin —a.  Ceti,
Cetaeeum.
  Album Gr.*cum, Oynoc'oprus, Spo'dium Gree-
co'rum, Album  Ganis,  Stercus  Cani'num  Album.
The white dung of the dog.  It consists almost 
                 ALBUMEN

wholly of phosphate of lime, from the bones used
as food.  It was formerly applied as a discutient
to the inside of the throat in quinsies, but is
now justly banished from practice.
   Album Nigrum.  The excrement of the mouse.
   Album Oculi, see Sclerotic.
   Album Rhazis.   A white ointment made of
ccrusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy-
sician Rhazes.
   ALBU'MEN, Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne, Ozemun, from
albua, 'white.'  (F.) Albumine.  An  immediate
principle of  animals  and vegetables, which con-
stitutes the chief part of the white of egg.  It is
found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids,
Ac.   There is  not  much difference in chemical
composition between animal and vegetable albu-
men, fibrin and casein: fibrin alone appears, how-
ever, to be possessed of plastic properties. Also,
the white of the eye.  See Sclerotic.
   Albu'mkn Ovi,  Albu'mor, Albu'go  Ovi, Albor
 Oil,  Can'didum Ovi, Albu'men,  Olare'ta,  Ovi
albus liquor, Albumen'tum, Lac avis or white of
egg, (F.) Blanc d'aeuf,  (Old F.) Albin d'ceuf, is
used in  pharmacy  for  suspending oils,  Ac, in
water.   See Ovum.
   ALB I fMINE, Albumen.
   ALBUMINURIA. A hybrid term from 'Albu-
men,' and ovpov, ' the urine.'  A condition of the
urine in which  it contains albumen, the presence
of which is indicated by its coagulation  on the
application of adequate heat.
   ALBUMINURORRHEE,  Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
   ALBUMOR, Albumen ovi.
   AL'CAEST,  Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from
(G.) all, 'all/  and. geist, 'spirit.'  A word  in-
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which,
according to him, was capable of removing every
kind of swelling.
   The same word was used by Van Helmont  for
a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing
every body to its elements.
  Alcaest  of Glauber is a  thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating nitrate of potassa  on hot
coals, which  transforms  it into subcarbonate of
potassa.
  Alcaest of Respour is a mixture of potassa
and oxyd of zinc.
  ALCAIIEST, Alcaest.
  ALCAHOL,  Alcohol.
  ALCALES'CENCE, Alkales'cence, Alcalescen'-
tia.  The condition in  which  a  fluid becomes
alkaline.
  Alcalescence of  the Humours was  an old
notion of the  humourists.  It can only occur
during the  putrid  fermentation of  animal mat-
ters, which contain  azote, and produce ammonia.
Alcalin'ity is  the quality of being alcaline.
  AL'CALI or Alea'li, Al'kali, from al (Arab.,)
'the/ and  kali, the name of the Salao'la Soda,
a plant which  contains a large quantity of one
of the  principal alkalis—aoda.  The alkalis are
substances soluble in water, possessing generally
a urinous,  acrid, and caustic taste, turning the
syrup of  violets .green, and restoring to blue  in-
fusion  of litmus, which  has been reddened  by
acids;  reddening the yellow  of turmeric, and
having the  greatest tendency to unite with acids,
whose character they modify, and form salts with
them.  In  medicine we  understand by this term
Potassa,  Soda,  or Ammonia.
  Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali  Gaus'ticum.  A pure
alkali.   One deprived of its  carbonic acid.
  Alcalis, Fixed,  Soda and potassa; Volatile
Alcali, Ammonia.
  Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am-
monia.' acetatis—a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor
ftinmonia3—a. Fixum tartarizatum, Potassae tar-
r                  ALCOHOL

tras — a.  Minerale sulphuricum,  Soda,  sulphate
of—a. Tartari aceto saturatum, Potassa;  acetas—
a. Vegetabile salito  dephlogisticatum,  Potassaa
murias hyperoxygenatus—a. Vegetabile tartari-
zatum, Potassae tartras—a. Vegetabile  vitriola-
tum,  Potassae sulphas—a. Volatile acetatum, Li-
quor  ammoniae acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum,
Ammoniae carbonas—a. Volatile  ex  sale ammo-
niaco, Ammoniae carbonas.
  ALCALIGENE, Azote.
  ALCALINITY.  See Alkalescence.
  ALCANA,  Anchusa officinalis.
  ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA-
TA, Prinos—a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis—a.
Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria—a. Vera, Lawsonia
inermis.
  ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus—a. iEgyptiaca,
Hibiscus abelmoschus—a. Indica, Hibiscus abel-
moschus.
  Alce'a Ro'sea, Common hollyhock. Emollient,
like Althaea.
  ALCHACHENGE, Physalis.
  ALCHACHIL,  Rosmarinus.
  ALCHAEST, Alcahest.
  ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated
with  the  Alchemists [ ? ]  A. vulga'ria,  Common
Ladiea' Mantle, Pea Leo'nia,  Leontopo'dium, (F.)
Pied de Lion.  Formerly in  great repute as  an
astringent in hemorrhage.
  ALCHEMY, Alchymy.
  ALCHITRAM,  see Pinus  Sylvestris.
  • ALCHITURA,  see Pinus Sylvestris.
  ALCHOOL, Alcohol.
  ALCHORNEA  LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque.
  AL'CHYMY,  Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, Alchimi'a,
Adep'ta Philosoph'ia, from  al,  an Arabic par-
ticle,   signifying  ' superiority, excellence/ and
Ohimia, 'Chymistry.'  This  word was formerly
synonymous with Chymistry; but, from  the 7th
century, it has been  applied to the mysterious
art of endeavouring to discover  a universal re-
medy, and a mode of  transmuting the baser me-
tals into gold: an  operation  to which they gave
the name  Opus magnum, and Philosopher's stone.
  Alchymy has also  been  called  Scien'tia vel
Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her-
mes or Mercury was its inventor.
  Harris  has well defined this chimerical art:
' Ars  aine  arte, cujus principium  est mentiri, me-
dium laborare, et finis mendicare.'
  Al'chymist, Flatua'rius,  Adept'.  One pre-
tending to alchymy.
  ALCOCALUM,  Cynara scolymus.
  AL'COHOL, Al'cahol,  Alchool, Alkol, Alcol,
Al'cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used
for an impalpable  powder, and signifying 'very
subtile, much divided.'  At the present  day it is
applied to highly  rectified spirit of wine : — see
Spiritus rectifieatus or rectified  spirit,  distilled
from  dried subcarbonate of potassa.  In the Ph.
U. S.  Alcohol is rectified spirit  of  the  specific
gravity 0.835.
  Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than
water, of a warm,  acrid taste, colourless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell.  It is
the product of the distillation of vinous  liquors;
is miscible with water in all proportions, and is
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, Ac.  Various
other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and
hence it is used, in different states of concentra-
tion,  in the preparation  of elixirs, tincturea, es-
sences, Ac.
  Alcohol acts on the  animal body as a powerful
stimulus:  as such, in a dilute form, it is  used in
the prevention and cure of disease.  Its  habitual
and inordinate use  is  the cause of many serious
affections,  of  a chronic character especially, as
visceral obstructions, dropsy,  Ac.
5 
ALCOHOLIC
58
ALGEDON
   Alcohol ^Ithereus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico-1
 eethereus ferri—a. cum Aloe  perfoliata,  Tinctura
 aloes—a. Ammoniae et guaiaci, Tinctura guaiaci
 ammoniata—a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammoniae
 —a. Ammoniatum  aromaticum, Spiritus ammo-
 niae aromaticus—a. Ammoniatum  foetidum, Spi-
 ritus ammonite foetidus—a. Amylicum, Oil, Fusel
 —a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuricum
 acidum aromaticum—a. cum Aromatibus compo-
 situs,  Tinctura  cinnamomi composita—a. Casto-
r riatum, Tinctura castorei—a. cum Crotone casca-
 rilla,  Tinctura  cascarillae—a. Dilutum, Spiritus
 tenuior—a. Ferratus, Tinctura  ferri  muriatis—
 a. cum  Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum
 tartarisatum—a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo-
 niatus, Tinctura guaiaci  ammoniata—a.  Iodii,
 Tinctura Iodinae — a.  cum Opio, Tinctura opii
 —a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir  acidum Halleri—a.
 Sulphuricum,  Elixir  acidum Halleri — a. Sul-
 phuris, Carbonis sulphuretum—a. Vini, Spiritus
 rectificatus.
   ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol'icus,Spirituo'sua,Spir\
 ituoua.  Relating to or containing alcohol—as
 an alcoholic drink  or remedy.
   ALCOL, Alcohol.
   ALCOLiE, Aphtha?.
   ALCOOL, Alcohol—a. Camphre, Spiritus cam-
 phorae.
   ALCOOL AT, Tincture.
   ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture —a. Antiscorbuti-
 cum,  Tinctura de Cochleariis—a. Carminativum
 Sylvii, Tinctura de Cochleariis—a. de Croco com-
 positum, Tinctura  de Croco composita.
   ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into
 an impalpable powder.'  No longer used.
   ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer.
   ALCORNOQUE (F.) Oortex Alcornoco.  The
 bark  of  Alchor'nea latifo'lia, of Jamaica,  which
 has been considered capable of curing phthisis.
 It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent.   Dose
 of the powder ^i to  gss.
   AL'CYON, Hal'cyon.  A swallow of  Cochin
 China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri-
 tious.  It has been proposed in medicine as ana-
 leptic and aphrodisiac. .
   ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard  sponge.  The ashes
 were  formerly employed as dentrifices:  they were
 believed proper for favouring the growth of the
 hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia.
   ALDABARAN, Albadaran.
   ALDEHYDE, see Anaesthetic.
   ALDER, AMERICAN,  Alnus  serratula—a.
 Black, Prinos,  Rhamnus frangula—a. European.
 Alnus glutinosa.
    ALE, Cerevisia.
    ALEACAS,  Glycyrrhiza.
    ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita.
    ALECTO'RIUS  LAPIS,  Alecto'ria;  from
 akcKToip, ' a cock.'  The name of a stone, supposed
 to exist in the stomach of the cock, or,  according
 to  others, in that of the capon, four years old.
  Many marvellous  properties were formerly attri-
  buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist-
  ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except
  what have been swallowed.
    ALEGAR, Acetum.
    ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea.
    ALEIMMA, Liniment.
 '   ALEIPHA, Liniment.
    ALEIPTE'RIUM,  from  aXeapa,,  'I  anoint.'
  The  place in the  ancient gymnasium  where the
  combatants anointed themselves.
    ALEIP'TRON.  Same  etymon.  A box  for
  containing ointments.
    ALEMA, Farina.
    ALEM'BIC  (Arab.) Moorshead,  Capitel'lum,
   Capitfulum,  Am'bicus, (F.) Alambic.   A  utensil
  made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted
for  distillation.  A  still.  It consists of a body
or cucurbit, (F.) cucurbite, chaudiere, to which is
attached a head or capital, (¥.) chapiteau, and
out of this a beak descends laterally to be inserted
into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera-
tor, (F.) serpentin, refrigerant, as the case may
be.
  ALEM'BROTH (Salt.) Sal Alembroth.  The
alchymists designated  by this  name,  and by
those of Sal sapien'tia, Sal artis, Sal vita and
S. Scien'tia, the product resulting from the sub-
limation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and
sal  ammoniac.  It is stimulant, but not employed.
  ALESE,  (F.) Aleze, Lin'teum, from aAtfw, 'I
preserve.'  A guard.  A cloth arranged in seve-
ral folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to guard
it from  the lochial or other discharges.
  ALETON, Farina.
  ALETRIS, A. farinosa.
  Al'etris,  A. Farino'sa,  Stargrass, Starwort,
Blazing star, Aloe-root,  Bitter grass, Black root,
 Unicorn root, Ague root, Ague grass, Devil's bit,
Mealy starwort, (F.)\ Aletris Meunier,  Nat. Ord.
Asphodeleae.  Sex.  Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.
This plant is an intense  and permanent bitter,
and is used as a tonic and stomachic. It is com-
mon in the United States.
  ALEURON, Farina.
  ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration.
  ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum.
  ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTUS AUREA.   See
Alexandrine.
  ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trum Alexan'dri.
A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem-
porary of Mesue.   Other ancient preparations
were called  'Alexandrine;' as  the  Alexan'dri
antid'otua au'rea, used in apoplexy; the Collyr'-
ium aiccum Alexandri'num., or 'Collyrium of King
Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius.
  ALEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic.
   ALEXIPHAR'MIC,  Alexiphar'macua,  Anti-
phar'macua, Alexica'cua,  Caco-alexite'ria, Lexi-
phar'macus,  (F.) Alexipharmaque, from  aXc^av,
 'to repel/ and ipappaKov,  'poison.'   A term  for-
merly used for medicines which were considered
 proper for expelling from the body various  mor-
 bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects
 of poisons taken inwardly.
   ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
   ALEXIR, Elixir.
   AL*EXITE'R,IA,Cacalexite'ria, from aXtfraSai,
 'to assist.'   Originally, alexiterium was  used
 synonymously with remedy.  In more modern
 times it has been applied to a class of medicines,
 that counteract poisons placed in contact with the
 exterior of the body, in contradistinction to alex-
 ipharmic.
   ALEXITERIUM CHLORICUM', see  Disin-
 fection—a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
   ALEZE, Alese.
   ALFUSA, Tutia.
   ALGA MARINA, Pila marina.
   ALGALIE, Catheter.
   AL'GAROTH,  Al'garot, Algaro'thi  Pulvis,
 Pulvia Angel'icua, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Stib'ii
 praeipitan'do para'tum,  Antimo'nii  Ox'ydum,
  Ox'idum antimo'nii  Nitro-muriat'icum,  Ox'idum
 Stib'ii Ac"ido Muriat'ico  oxyqena'to para'tum,
 Mercu'rius Vita, Mercu'rius Mortis, Flowers of
 Antimony, (F.) Oxyde d'Antimoine, so called from
 Victor Algarothi,  a Veronese  physician.   The
 sub-muriate of protoxide of antimony,  separated
 from the muriate of antimony by washing away
 some of its acid.  It was formerly much used  as
 an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic.
    ALGE'DON, from aXyos, 'pain.'  Violent pain
 about  the neck  of the bladder, occasionally oc-
 curring in gonorrhoea.—Cockburn. 
ALGEMA
59
ALKAR
  Alo f.don, Pain.
  ALGEMA, Pain.
  ALGKSIS, Pain.
  ALGETIC US, see Algos.
  AL'GIDUS,  from algor,  'cold.'   That which
is accompanied by coldness.
  Al'gida Febuis, F. horrif'ica, F. hor'rida, F.
qner'quera, F.  crymo'des, Bry'cetus, Bry'chetus.
(F.) Pierre ulgide, Algid  Fever.   A pernicious
intermittent, accompanied by icy coldness, which
is often fatal in the second  or third  paroxysm.
  ALGOR, Rigor.
  ALGOS,  aXyos,  'pain.'   See  Pain.   Hence,
Alget'icus, 'painful/ as Epilep'sia alget'ica.  The
suffix algia has the same  signification, — as in
Cephalalgia, Pleuralgia, Neuralgia, Ac.
  ALGOSI'AS'MUS,  from aXyos,   'pain/ and
avaapos,  ' spasm.'   Painful  spasm  or  cramp of
the muscles.
  ALHAGI, Agul.
  ALHANDAL, see Cucumis  colocynthis.
  ALHASEF, Sudamina.
  ALIBILIS, Nutritious.
  AL'IC A, Hal'ica, Farina'rium, Chondrus, from
alere, ' to nourish.'  A grain from which the an-
cients made their tisanes ;  supposed, by some, to
have, been  the Triticum  spelta.   At  times, it
seems to have meant the tisane itself.
  AL'ICES, from aXilja,  'I  sprinkle.'   Spots
which precede the eruption of small pox.
  ALIENATIO, Anomalia—a. Mentis, Insanity.
  ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity.
  ALIENUS, Delirious.
  ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
  ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid.
  ALIGULUS, Confection.
  ALIMA, Aliment.
  ALIMELL2E, Parotid.
  AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Harma'lia,
Niitri'men, Nu'triens, Suatentac'ulum, Giba'rium,
Broma, Oomia'te,  Cibua, Eaca, Nutri'tua,  Nutri-
men'tum,  Sitos,  Trophe.  (F.) Aliment, Nourri-
ture, from alere, ' to nourish.'   Food.  Any sub-
stance which, if introduced into the system, is
capable of nourishing it and repairing its losses.
  The study of aliments forms one of  the most
important branches of hygiene.  They are con-
fined to  the organized kingdom,—the mineral
affording none.
  As regards  the immediate principles which
predominate in their composition, they have been
classed, but imperfectly, as follows  :—

            TABLE OF ALIMENTS.
                i Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In-
1. Feculaceous.    <   dian corn, potato,  sago,  peas,
                f   beans, &c.
                ( Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, aspara-
2. Mucilaginous.  <   gus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke,
                (   melon, Ac.
                  Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, &c.
                ! Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher-
                    ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry,
                    mulberry,  prune, pear, apple,
                    sorrel,  <fcc.
_ _,            ,( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond,  nut,
5. Oleaginous  andS   walnut animal  fat oil butteri
      Fatty.      }   &(.
6. Caseous.        Different kinds of  milk, cheese.
                 C Tendon,  aponeurosis, true skin,
7. Gelatinous.    <  cellular texture;  very young
                 (  animals.
8. Albuminous.      Brain, nerve, eggs, &c.
9. Fibrinous.       Flesh and blood.
  Dr. Prout has four great classes—the aqueous,
saccharine, oleaginous,  and  albuminous: — Dr.
Pereira  twelve; — the  aqueous, mucilaginous or
gummy,  saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pecti-
naceous,  acidulous,  alcoholic, oily  or fatty, pro-
teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline.
  Liebig divides  them  into  two  classes: — the
3. Saccharine.
4. Acidulous.
nitrogenized or plastic elements of NUTRI-
TION,  in  which  he  comprises vegetable fibrin,
vegetable albumen,  vegetable  casein, flesh and
Mood; and the non-nitrogenized elements of
respiration, in which he comprises, fat, starch,
gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, augar of milk, pec-
tin, basaorin, wine, beer and apirita.  The former
alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition
of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in  respi-
ration, and furnish heat.
   The following simple arrangement is, perhaps,
as little objectionable as any :
i  >r,     •  j ai-    t     ( Fibrinous (Glutinous?)
1. mrogemzed Aliments,    > Albuminous.
    (Albuminous, of Prout.)  } Cageinous.
                         ( Amylaceous.
2.  Non-nitroge-nhed Aliments, < Saccharine.
                         ( Oleaginous.

   The second division might be still farther sim-
plified,  inasmuch as  amylaceous aliments  are
convertible into sugar during the digestive pro-
cess ; and, from both, oleaginous matter may be
formed.
   ALIMENTARY  TUBE,  Canal, alimentary.
   ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio.   The act of
nourishing.
   ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
   ALIMOS,  Glycyrrhiza.
   ALINDE'SIS, from  aXivlopai, 'to be turned
about.'   A species  of exercise, which consisted
in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed
with oil.—Hippocrates.
   ALIPjE'NOS, Alipce'num, Alipan'toa, from a,
priv., and Xmavttv,  'to  be fat.'  An  epithet for-
merly given to every external remedy, devoid of
fat or moisture; such as powders.—Galen.
   ALIPANTOS, Alipaenos.
   ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from aXsitpm,  'I anoint.'
He  who  anointed  the Athletae  after bathing.
The place where this was done was  called Alip*
te'rium.
   ALIPTERIUM,  see Alipta.
   ALIP'TICA, same etymon.  The part of an-
cient medicine, which treated of inunction, as  a
means of preserving health.
   ALISIER BLANC, Crataegus aria.
   ALISMA, A. plantago,  Arnica montana — a.
Grammifolia, A. plantago — a. Lanceola'ta, A.
  Alis'ma Planta'go, Alisma, A. lanceola'ta seu
graminifo'lia, Planta'go  aquat'ica, Water Plan-
tain, (F.) Plantain d'Eau.  Nat. Ord. Alismaceae.
Sex. Syst. Hexandria Polygynia.  The fresh root
is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate.  The
leaves have been proposed  as substitutes for Uva
Ursi.
  ALITURA, Nutrition.
  AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'na.  An ancient phar-
maceutical name for pullets' fat.
  ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescence.
  ALKALI, see Alcali—a. Ammoniacum caus-
ticum, Ammonia—a. Ammoniacum spirituosum,
Spiritus ammoniae—a. Minerale nitratum, Soda,
nitrate  of—a.  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Soda,
phosphate of—a.  Minerale salinum,  Soda, mu-
riate of—a. Vegetable, Potash—a. Vegetabile cum
aceto, Potassae acetas—a. Vegetabile fixum caus-
ticum, Potassa fusa—a. Volatile, Ammonia—a
Volatile  causticum, Ammonia—a. Volatile, con-
crete, Ammoniae carbonas—a. Volatile nitratum,
Ammoniae nitras—a. Volatile tartarizatum, Am-
moniae tartras—a. Volatile vitriolatum, Ammo-
niae sulphas.
  ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum offici-
nale— a. Dyer's, Anchusa  tinctoria—a.  Garden,
Anchusa officinalis—a.  Officinal, Anchusa offici-
nalis.
  ALKAR, Medicament 
ALKEKENGI
60           ALLOTRIOECCRISIS
  ALKEKENGI, Phvsalis.
  ALKER'MES,  Confec'tio  Alker'mes, Alcher'-
tnes.  A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul-
titude of substances.  It was so called from the
grains  of kermes contained  in it.  It was used
as a stimulant.  Also, kermes.
  ALKERVA, see Ricinus communis.
  ALKITRAN, Cedria.
  ALKOL, Alcohol.
  ALKOOL, Alcohol.
  ALLA, Cerevisia.
  ALLAITEMENT, Lactation.
  ALLAMAX'DA, A.  Cathar'tica seu  grandi-
fio'ra,  Ore'lia grandiflo'ra,  Gal'arips, Echi'nus
scandens, Apoc"ynum scandens.  A shrub, native
of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by
Linnaeus to be useful in Colica Pictonum.
  ALLAXTODES, Allantois.
  ALLAN'TOIC  ACID, Ac"idum allanto'icum.
A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan-
tois of the cow.
  ALLANTOIDES, Allantois.
  ALLAN'TOIS, Allantoi'des, Allanto'dea, Mem-
bra'na urina'ria, .31 seu Tunica Farcimina'lis,
M. Intestina'lis, the Allantoid Vesicle,  from aXXas,
' a sausage/  and tilos, ' shape.'  A sort of elon-
gated bladder, between the chorion and  amnion
of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal
extremity of the embryo, and communicates with
the bladder by the urachus.  It is very apparent
in quadrupeds, but not in the human species.  As
the allantois is developed, its^alls become very
vascular, and contain the ramifications of what
become the umbilical artery and vein, which, by
the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are brought
through the villi of the chorion, into  indirect
communication with the vessels of the mother.
  ALLANTOTOX'ICUM, from  aXXas,  'a sau-
sage/ and  to^ikov,  'a poison.'  Sausage poison
(G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given this
name to a poison  developed  in sausages formed
of blood and liver.
  ALLELUIA, Oxalis acetosella.
  ALLE'VIATOR: from ad, 'to/ and levare, 'to
raise.'  A soother.  An instrument for raising in-
valids, invented by Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island.
It consists of two upright posts, about  six feet
high, each supported by a pedestal; of two hori-
zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a com-
mon bedstead;  of a windlass of the same length,
placed six inches below the upper bar; of a cog-
wheel  and handle; of linen belts from six  to
twelve inches wide; of straps secured at  one end
of the windlass; and at the other having hooks
attached to corresponding eyes in the linen belts,
and of a head-piece  made of netting.  The pa-
tient lying on his mattress, the  surgeon passes
the linen belts beneath his body, attaching them
to the hooks on the ends of the straps,  and ad-
justing the whole  at the proper distance and
length,  so as to balance the body exactly, and
then raises it from the mattress by turning the
handle  of the windlass.  To lower the patient
again, and replace him on the mattre&s, the wind-
lass must be reversed.
   ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
   ALLHEAL, Heracleum spondylium.
   ALLIA'CEOUS,'allia'ceus, from allium, 'gar-
lic'   Belonging to garlic, as alliaceous odour.
   ALLIAIRE, Alliaria.
   ALLIA'RLA-i from allium, its smell resembling
garlic  A. officinalis, Erys'imum allia'ria seu
cordifo'lium, Sisymbrium allia'ria, Jack-in-the-
hedge, stinking  hedge Mustard, Hedge Garlic,
Sauce-alone, Hes'peris  allia'ria, (F.) Alliaire.
This plant has been sometimes given in humid
psthtna and dyspnoea.  It is reputed to be dia-
phoretic, diuretic, and antiscorbutic.
  The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of
alliaria, Sirop d'irysimum compost, which is used
in hoarseness.
  ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature.
  ALLIOTICUS, Alterative.
  AL'LIUM, from oleo, 'I smell.'  A. sati'rum,
Theriaca rustico'rum, Ampelop'rasum, Scor'odon,
Scordon, Garlic,  (F.) Ail.   Nat. Ord.   Aspho-
deleae.  Sex. Syst.   Hexandria  Monogynia.  A
native of Sicily,  but cultivated for use.  The
bulbs or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, offensive,
and penetrating odour, and a  sweetish, biting,
and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant,
diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho-
retic, and anthelmintic.   Externally, it is rube-
facient, maturative, and repellent.
  Dose, one  to six  cloves,  swallowed whole, or
from f 3Jss to f ^ij. of the juice.
   Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, ap-
pears to consist of garlic, infused in  oil of aU
moiids, and coloured  by alkanet root.
  Allium Ascalonicum, Echalotte.
  Al'lium Cepa, Oepa vulga'ris, Common Onion,
Cepul'la, Orom'myon, (F.)   Oignon.  Acrid and
stimulating, and possessing very little nutriment.
Onions have been used  as  stimulants, diuretics,
and anthelmintics.   The boiled or roasted onion,
as  a cataplasm,  is  emollient  and maturating.
The fresh root is rubefacient.   The expressed
juice is sometimes used in otalgia and  in rheu-
matism.
  Allium Gallicum,  Portulaca. — a.  Plantagi-
neum, A. Victoriale.
  Al'lium  Porrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Pra-
sum, the Leek or Parret; (F.) Poireau, Porreau*
It possesses  the same property as the onion.
  The virtues of the genus  Allium depend Upon
an acrid principle, soluble in  water, alcohol, acids,
and alkalies.
  Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium.
  Al'lium  Victoria'le, A.  plantagin'eum, Cepa
victoria'lis,  Victoria'lis longa.  The root, which,
when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and taste,
is said to be  efficacious in allaying the abdominal
spasms of pregnant women (?)
  ALLOCHET'IA,  Allotriochet'ia, from aXXos,
' another/ and xc$c,v> ' ^° S° to stool.'   The dis-
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels.
The discharge of faeces by an abnormous opening.
  ALLOCHOOS, Delirious.
  ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from  aXXos, 'another,'
and xpw/ia, ' colour.'  A change of colour.
  ALLffiOPATHIA, Allopathy.
  ALL030PATHIC, Allopathic. '
  ALLC30SIS, Alteration.
  ALLffiOTICUS, Alterative.
  ALLOIOSIS, Alteration.
  ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative.
   ALLONGEMENT, Elongation.
   ALLOPATH, Allopathist.
   ALLOPATHES, Allopathic.
   ALLOPATH'IC,  Allopath'icus,  Allceopaih'ic,
Alloeopath'icus, Allop'athes, Heteropath'ic, from
aXXos, 'another/ and naQos, 'affection.'   Relating
to  the ordinary method of  medical practice, in
contradistinction to the homoeopathic.
  ALLOP'ATHIST, Al'lopath,  same  etymon.
One who follows allopathy.
   ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a, Allceopathia, Hy-
'penantio'sis,  Hypenantio'ma, Cura'tio contrario'-
rum per contra'ria, same etymon.   The opposite
to homoeopathy.  The ordinary medical practice.
   ALLOPHASIS, Delirium.
   ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia.
   ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from  aXXorpws,  'fo-
reign,' and  olovs, ' a tooth.'   Transplantation of
teeth.
   ALLOTRIOECCRISIS,  from aXXorpios, <fo- 
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA            61               ALTERATION
reign/ and  ixxpiais,' 'separation.'  The separa-
tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis-
ease.
  ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia.
  ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia.
  ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aXXorpios, 'foreign/
and  re^ts, 'parturition.'  The bringing  forth of
an abnormous foetus.
  ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from aXXorpios, 'foreign/
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Admixture of foreign mat-
ters with the urine.
  AL'LOTROPISM; from aXXos, 'another/ and
rpo-rros, ' a turn or change.'  A term recently in-
troduced into chemistry ; the object of which is
to express  the property possessed  by  certain
simple bodies, of assuming different qualities  on
being subjected to certain modes of treatment.
Carbon,  for  example, furnishes three forms —
plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
  ALLSPICE, see Myrtus pimenta—a. Bush,
Laurus Benzoin—a.  Carolina, Calycanthus — a.
Wild, Laurus Benzoin.
   ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination.
   ALLURE, Influenza.
   ALMA, Water.
  ALMARIAB, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   ALMEZERION, Cneorum tricoccum.
   ALMOND, Amygdala.
   Almond  Bloom.  A liquid  cosmetic, formed
 of Brazil dust ^j, water Oiij; boil  and strain;
 and  add  isinglass  gvj, grana sylvestria ^ij, or
 cochineal SJij» alum ^j, borax ^iij >  hoil again,
 and strain through a  fine cloth.
   Almond Cake, see Amygdala—a.  of the Ear,
 Tonsil—a. Earth,  Arachis hypogaea—a. Paste,
 see Amygdala-—a. Powder, see Amygdala—a. of
 the Throat, Tonsil.
   ALNUS, A. glutinosa—a. Communis, A. gluti-
 nosa.
   ALNUS  GLUTINO'SA, Alnus, A commu'nis,
 Bet'ula glutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Europe'an Al-
 der.   A tree which grows in Europe,  in moist
 places.-  The bark and leaves are astringent and
 bitter; and hence are employed in intermittents,
 and as a tonic and astringent.
   Alnus Serrat'ula, American Alder, has simi-
 lar properties.
   Alnus Nigra, Rhamnus frangula.
   ALOCHI'A, from a, privative, and Xo^tja, 'lo-
 chia/  Absence of the lochial discharge.
   ALOEDA'RIUM.    A  compound  medicine,
 containing aloes.—Gorraeus.
   ALOE, Aloes.
   ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa.
   AL'OES, Al'oe, Fel Natu'ra.  The inspissated
 juice of the Aloe.  Nat. Ord.  Asphodeleae. Sec.
 Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.
   Aloes Barbadensis, A. hepatica—a. Bombay,
 A. hepatica—a. dea Barbades, A. hepatica.
   Aloes  Caballi'na,  A.  Guinien'sia,  Horse-
 aloes.  Used chiefly for horses.  It is  collected
 in Spain and Portugal, and is very coarse.
   Aloes  en Calebasses, A.  hepatica.
   Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes; a cheap and ex-
 cellent form of aloes, collected  at  the Cape  of
 Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A. Africana,  A.
 sptieata, and  other species.
   Aloks, East India, A. Succotorina—a. Guini-
 ensis, A. Caballina.
   Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Barbaden'-
 sis,  Hepat'ic  aloes,  Bombay  aloes, Barba'does
 aloes, A. vulga'ris extrac'tum, (F.) Aloes en cale-
 basses, A. des Barbades.  This species has a very
 disagreeable odour,  and  an intensely bitter  and
 nauseous  taste.  Properties  the same as the last.
   Aloes,  Horse, A. Caballina—a. Lucida, A.
 Succotorina — a. Socotrine, A. Succotorina—a.
 Spicata extractum, A. Succotorina.
  Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey
aloea, East India aloes, Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctori'-
nia, A. spica'ta extrac'tum, An'ima Alois, is the
best species.  Its odour is not unpleasant; taste
very bitter,  and slightly aromatic; colour  red-
dish-brown, with a shade of purple ; mass hard,
friable; fracture conchoidal and glossy; soluble
in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon-
yellow colour.  It is cathartic, warm, and stimu-
lating;  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic, and  stoma-
chic.  As a cathartic, it affects the rectum chiefly.
Doae, as a cathartic, gr. v. to Qj. in pill.
  Aloes, Turkey,  A.  Succotorina—a. Vulgaris,
A. hepftticus. — a. Wood, Agallochum—a. Zoeto-
rinia, A. Succotorina.
  ALOETTC, AloWicua.   A preparation which
contains aloes.
  ALOEXYLON, Agallochum.
  ALOGOTROPH'IA, from aXoyos, 'dispropor-
tionate/ and rpocpv,  'nutrition.'   Irregular nutri-
tion.   Used particularly to designate the irregu-
lar manner in which the  nutrition of bones is
effected in  rickety individuals.       /
   ALOPECES,  Psoae,
   ALOPE'CIA, from  aXo-nt^, ' a fox;' (this ani-
mal being said to  be  subject to the  affection.)
 Capillo'rum deflu'vium, Athrix depi'lis, Phalac-
ro'tis, Bepila'tio, Tricho'sis Athrix,  Gangrce'na
Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Beflu'vium seu Lapsus Pilo'-
rum,  Lipsotrich'ia, Vulpia morbus,   Baldness.
Falling off of the hair; loss of the hair.  When
this is  confined to  the crown of the  head, it is
called calvitiea, although the terms are often used
synonymously.
   Alopecia Areata, Porrigo  decalvans—a. Cir-
cumscripta, Porrigo decalvans—a Partialis, Por-
rigo decalvans.
   ALOUCHE,  Crataegus aria.
   ALOUCH'I.  The name of a gum procured
from the canella alba tree.
   ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria.
   ALPAM.  A shrub  which grows on the  coast
 of Malabar.  Certain parts of this, infused in oil,
 form an antipsoric ointment.   The juice of the
 leaves, mixed with that of calamua, is employed
 against the bites of serpents.
   ALPHENIC, Saccharum candidum.
   ALPHITEDON, see Fracture.
   ALPH'ITON, aX<pirov, Polen'ta, Fari'na.  Any
 kind of meal.  Toasted barley-meal.—Hippocra*
 tes.  Polenta means also a food composed of In-
 dian meal, cheese,  Ac  See Farina.
   AJiPHON'SIN,  Alphon'sinum.  A kind of bul-
 let  forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon, so called
 from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples.—
 Scultetus.
   ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides.
   ALPHOSIS .ETHIOPICA, see Albino.
   ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car-
 damomum—a. Galanga, Maranta galanga.
   ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis.
   ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   ALSI'NE ME'DIA, A. avicula'rum seu vulga'-
 ris, from aXao;,  'agrove/ because growing abun-
 dantly in the woods.  Morsus Galli'na, Holos'-
 teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, Mouse-ear, Chick-
 weed, (F.) Mouron  des Oiseaux, Morgoline.  This
 plant, if boiled tender, may be eaten like spinach,
 and forms an  excellent emollient poultice.  It
 was formerly regarded as a vulnerary and deter-
 gent.
   ALTAFOR, Camphor.
   ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female.
   ALTERANS, Alterative.
   ALTERANT, Alterative.
   ALTERATION, Altera'tio, from alter, 'other,'
 Alloio'sis, Alloso'sis.  This word is used in Franco 
ALTERATIVE               62                 ALVEOLUS
to express a morbid change which supervenes in
the expression of the countenance (alteration de
la face,) or in the structure of an organ (altera-
tion organique,) or in the nature of fluids excreted
(alteration de I'urine, des larmea, du lait, dbc.)
   Alteration is also used in an entirely different
sense, to express intense  thirst in  disease.   In
this  case its etymology is different.  It  comes
from  haieter, and  was formerly written haleter-
ation.
   AL'TEB ATIVE, Al'terana, Alloiot'icua, Allce-
otficua, AlUot'icua,  Immu'tana. An  agent con-
sidered to be capable of producing a  salutary
change in a  uisease,  but  without exciting  any
sensible evacuation.   As medicine improves, this
uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity,
diminished in number.  See Eutrophie.
   (F.)  Alterant.   The French  term   likewise
means, that  which causes thirst, — Siticulo'aua,
Bipset'icus, as alterer means both to change, and
to  cause thirst.   S'alterer is to experience  a
change for the worse,—corrum'pi.)
   ALTERCANGEXON, Hyoscyamus.
   ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
   ALTHiE'A, from aXSeiv, 'to heal;' A. officina'-
lia, Maltalislcum,  Ariataltha'a, Hibis'cus, Ibis'-
chus,  Ibis'cha mismal'va, Bismal'va, Marsh mal-
low.  (F.) Guimauve.  Nat. Ord. Malvaceae.  Sex.
Syst.    Monadelphia  Polyandria.  -The  leaves,
Altha'a fo'lia, and root, Altha'a radix, contain
much mucilage.  They are emollient and demul-
cent,  and are employed wherever medicines, pos-
sessing such properties, are required.  In the Ph.
U. S., Althaea is the root of Althaea officinalis.
   ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment.
   ALTHEUS, Physician.
   ALTHEXIS, Curation.
   ALTHOS, Medicament.
   ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina.
   ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitrum sublimato'rium.  A
hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware, with
a short neck projecting at each end, by means of
which one glass might be set upon the other.
The uppermost had no aperture at the top. Alu-
dels were formerly used  in  the  sublimation  of
various substances.
  A'LULA; diminutive of ala, 'a wing.'  A little
wing.
  ALUM, Symphytum—a. Cataplasm, Coagulum
aluminosum—a. Egyptian, ^Egyptia stypteria.
  Alum, Roche, Alu'men de Rochi, (F.) Alun de
Roche.   So called from Roccha in Syria, where
there  was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of
the size  of an almond, covered with a  reddish
efflorescence.
   Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis.  Frag-
ments of common  alum, moistened and shaken
with prepared bole.   It is white when broken.
  Alum, Solution of, Compound, Liq. aluminis
compos.
  Alum  Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera
cortusa.
cum Potas'sd, Sulphas Alu'mina, Sul'phaa Kal'-
ico-alumin'icum, Sulphas alumina'ris,  Supersul'-
phas alu'mina et potas'sm, Argil'la sulphu'rica
alcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria,  SupersuV-
phas Argil'la alcalisa'turn, Argilla Kalisulphu-
rica.  (F.) Alun.
  Alumen Catinum,  Potash of commerce__a.
Fixum,  see Potash — a.  Kinosatum, Pulvis sul-
phatis aluminas compositus.
  Alu'men Commu'ne,  Common alum, Enqlish
alum, Rock alum, Alumen facti"Hum, A. crystal'-
linum, A, ru'pcum, (F.) Alun d'Angleterre, is the
variety usually employed.  It is  in  octahedral
 crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans-
 parcnt masses;  has  a sweetish,  styptic taste;
 effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of
 water at 60°.  It is tonic and astringent, and as
 such is used internally and externally.  Dose, gr.
 v. to xv.
   Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men ustnm, A. cal-
 cina'tum, Sulphas  alu'mina fusus, Argil'la  sul-
 phu'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum. (F.) Alun
 calcine, (Alum melted in an earthen vessel until
 ebullition ceases.)  Escharotic.
   Alu'men Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti-
 lum, A. Rubrum.  (F.) Alun de Rome.  In crys-
 tals, which  are of  a pale red when  broken,  and
 covered with a reddish efflorescence.
   ALUMIXA, ACETATE OF, Aluminae Acetas
 — a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Argilla
 pura—a.  Sulphate of, Aluminae Sulphas.
  ALU'MIX.E ACE'TAS, Argil'la Ace'tas, Ac"e-
 tate of Alu'mina.  A deliquescent salt, obtained
 by the addition of acetate of lead  to sulphate of
 alumina and potaasa.  It possesses the same pro-
 perties as the sulphate of alumina.
   Alu'mina et  Potassae Hypersulphas, Alu-
 men — a. et Potassae  supersulphas, Alumen — a.
 Sulphas,  Alumen.
   Alu'mina Sulphas, Argilla Sulphaa, Sulphate
 of Alu'mina.   Simple sulphate of alumina  may
 be made  by the direct combination of alumina
 and sulphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent, of
 the  former, to 70 per cent, of the latter.  It is
 a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep-
 tic and detergent to ulcers.  It is chiefly used to
 preserve  dead bodies — a strong solution being
 injected into the arteries.
   Alumin.e  Sulphas Acidulus cum  Potassa,
 Alumen—a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum.
   ALUM INE FACT ICE, Argilla pura.
   ALUN, Alumen.
  ALUNSEL, Gutta.
  ALUS, Symphytum.
  ALUSIA,  Hallucination—a. Hypochondriasis,
 Hypochondriasis.
  ALUTEL, Aludel.
  ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea glandulosa.
  ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis.
  ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external.
  _ ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ria, from alveus, 'a  ca-
 vity.'  (F.)  Alveolaire.  That which relates to
 the alveoli.
  Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades aheolaires,
 are formed by the margins or borders of the two
 jaws, which are hollowed by the Alveoli.
 ^ Alve'olar Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar-
 tlre-  aua-maxillaire of Chaussier, arises from  the
 internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos-
 ity of the upper jaw, and  gives branches to  the
 upper molar  teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane
 of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle.
  Alveolar Border, Limbua alveola'ris.   The
 part of the jaws, that is hollowed by the alveoli.
  Alve'olar Membranes are very fine mem-
 branes, situate between the teeth and  alveoli, and
 formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which
 enclosed the tooth before  it pierced the gum.  By
 some this membrane has been  called  the alveolo-
 dental periosteum.
  Alve'olar Vein.  This has a  similar distri-
 bution with the artery.
  AL VEOLE, Alveolus.
  ALVEOLI DEXTIS, see Alveolus.
  ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator.
  ALVE'OLUS,  same etymon.   Bo'trion, Bo'-
 thrion,  Odontoboth'rium,  Odontophat'ne,  Frena
Mortariolum,  Hol'micos,  Prasepiolum,  Phatne'
Phat'nion, Prasepium, Patne, Pathne.  (F.) Al-
viole.  The  alveoli  are the sockets of the teeth 
ALVEUS
63
AMBON
Alve'oli dentia, Mce'nia seu Caver'na  den'tium,
into which they are, as it were, driven.  Their
size and shape are determined by the teeth which
they reeeive, and they are pierced at the apex by
small holes, which give passage to the dental
vessels and nerves.
  ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Receptacu-
luin  chyli — a. Ampullescens, Thoracic duct — a.
Communis: see Semicircular canals—a. Utricu-
losus : see Semicircular canals.
  ALVI  EXCRETIO, Defecation — a. Fluxus
aquosus,  Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a.
Profluvium, Diarrhoea.
  ALVIDUCUS, Laxative.
  ALVINE, Alvi'nue, from alvua, 'the abdomen.'
That which relates to  the lower belly, as alvine
dejections, alvine flux, alvine obstructions, Ac
  ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic.
  ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus—a. Adstricta, Con-
stipation—a. Cita, Diarrhoea—a. Dura, Constipa-
tio — a. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney—a. Tarda,
Constipation—a. Viridis, Dejection.
  ALYCE, Anxiety.
  AL'YPON,  from a, priv., and Xvtrn, 'pain.'  An
acrid, purging plant,  described by Matthiolus.
By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'-
ria ab/pum of botanists.
  ALYSIS, Anxiety.
  ALYSMIS, Anxiety.
  ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium Mollugo.
  ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic
  AL'ZILAT. In some of the Arabian writers,
a weight  of three grains.—Ruland and Johnson.
  AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris.
  AMADOU, Boletus igniarius.
  AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius.
  AMAIGRISSEMENT,  Emaciation.
  AM ANDES, see Amygdala.
  AMANI'T^E,  from  a,  privative,  and pavia,
 'madness:' i.  e. 'not poisonous.' A name given,
by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham-
pignons.   Amanita forms, at the present day, a
genus, some of which  are  edible, others poison-
ous.  Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus
aurantiacus and A. pseudo-aurantiacus.
  AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara.
   AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient  and esteemed
plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo-
ram, apapaxos, in particular.
  AMARACUS, Origanum majorana—a. Tomen-
tosus, Origanum  dictamnus.
  AMARITIES, Bitterness.
  AMARITUDO, Bitterness.
  AMAROR,  Bitterness.
  AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberosa.
  AMA'RUS, Picros, 'bitter.'  (F.) Amer.  The
bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural
tonic, and hence  bitters, as they are termed col-
lectively, belong to the class of tonics.  Several
are  used in medicine;  the  chief  are, gentian,
 quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, Ac.
   AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a, privative, and
 paancis,  'mastication.'   Mastication when  im-
 peded or impracticable.
   AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
   AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye.
   AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter.
   AMATORIUS  MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe-
 rior oculi.
   AMAURO'SIS,  Obfueca'tio, Offusca'tio, from
 aaavpos, 'obscure.'  Drop serene,  Gutta sere'na,
 Oatarac'ta nigra, Paropsis amauro'sis, ImmobiV-
 itas pupil'Ice, Suffu'sio nigra, Black cat'aract.
 (F.) Goutte-sereine, Cataracte noire, Anopticoner-
 vie  (Piorry.)   Diminution, or  complete loss of'
 sight, without any perceptible alteration in the
 organization  of  the  eye; generally, perhaps,
 owing to loss  of power of the optic nerve or re-
tina.  Counter-irritants are the most  successful
remedial agents, although  the disease  is alwayc
very difficult of removal,  and generally totally
incurable.
  Amaurosis  Dimidiata,  Hemiopia—a. Imper-
fecta, Hypo-amaurosis.
  AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'icus; same etymon.
Affected with amaurosis.
  Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye, ' Galeamauro'sis.  A
name given by Beer  to an amaurotic affection,
accompanied by a remarkable change of colour '
in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the
fundus  of the  eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or
brownish  yellow, instead  of  its natural clear
black.
  AMA'ZIA, from a,privative, and pa^os, 'breast.'
A monstrosity, in which there  is  absence of one
or both breasts.
  AMBARUM, Ambergris—a. Cineritium, Am-
bergris. _
  AMBE, from apjiaivia,  'I ascend;'  Ambi.  A
superficial  eminence on a bone.  Also,  an  old
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the
shoulder; the invention of which is ascribed to
Hippocrates.   It is no  longer used. — Hippo-
crates, Scultetus.   See Crista.
  AMBER, Succinum — a. Liquid: see Liquid-
amber styraciflua.
  AM'BERGRIS, Ambra gri'sea, Ambor, Am-
bar, Ambra cinera'cea, A. ambrosiaca,  Ambarum,
Suc'cinum cine'reum, S. gri'aeum, Am'barum cine-
ri"tium.  A concrete substance, of the  consis-
tence  of wax, cineritious  colour, studded with
yellow and blackish spots, and exhaling a very
pleasant odour.  It seems highly probable that
ambergris  is  formed in  the  intestines  of the
whale, and voided with its excrements.  Like ah
aromatic substances,  ambergris is slightly anti-
spasmodic  and excitant;  but it is oftener  em-
ployed as a perfume than  as a medicine.
  AMBIA.   A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell
and virtues of which  are  similar to those of the
resin tacamahaca.  It is obtained from a spring
in India.
  AMBICUS,  Alembic.
  AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'iua,  from  ambo,
'both/ and dexter, 'right.'  One who uses  both
hands with equal facility.  Celsus says the  sur-
geon ought to be  'non minua sinistra  quam dex-
trd promptus.   One of the aphorisms of Hippo-
crates says, that  a woman is never ambidexter.
This is a mistake.
  AMBILJEVUS, Ampharisteros.
  AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, Ves-
tibulum.
  AMBLOMA, Abortion.
   AMBLOSIS, Abortion.
  AMBLOSMUS, Abortion.
   AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion.
   AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive.
   AMBLOTICUS, Abortive.
   AMBLUS,  apfiXvs,  'obscure.'   Hence,
   AMBLYAPH'IA, from apfiXvs, 'obscure/ and
 'a<t>n, 'feeling.'  Dulness of the sense  of touch.
   AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia.
   AMBLYO'PIA,  from  ap(3Xvs, 'obscure/  and
 u>\l/,' the eye.'  Ambly'osmos, Amblyog'mos, Ampli-
 o'pia  (so called  by some, according to  Castelli,
 ob  ignorantiam Graca lingua,)  Hebetu'do.visits,
 Feebleness of sight, (F.) Vue faible.  First degree
 of Amaurosis.—Hippocrates.
   Amblyopia Crepuscularis. Hemeralopia—a.
 Dissitorum, Myopia—a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia-r-
 a. Proximorum, Presbytia.
   AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia.
   AMBOLICUS, Abortive.
   AMBON, ap0wr,  'the raised rim of a shield or
 dish/ from ap?ai\u>, 'I ascend.'   The  fibm-curti- 
AMBOR
64
AMMONIA
 laginous rings or bourreleta, which surround the
 articular  cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the
 scapula, the acetabulum, Ac, have been so called
 —Galen.   See Crista,
   AMBOR, Ambergris.
   AMBRA,  Succinum—a.  Ambrosiaca, Amber-
 gris—a. Cineracea, Ambergris.
   AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris.
   AMBRE  BLAXO,  Succinum (album) — o.
 Jaune,  Succinum.
   AMBRETTE,  Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   AMBRO'SIA, from a, privative, and Pporos,
 'mortal.'   Food which makes immortal, or the
 food of immortals.  The food of the gods — Ho-
 mer.  See also, Chenopodium botrys.
   Ambrosia Elatior, see A. Trifida.
   Ambro'sia  Marit'ima.   A plant whioh grows
 on the  shores of the Levant, and has a pleasant,
 bitter and aromatic taste. It is given in infusion,
 as a tonic and antispasmodic.
   Ambro'sia  Trif'ida,  Horseweed,  Richweed,
 Horsemint, Horsecane, Bitterweed,  Great  Rag-
 weed,   Wild  Hemp.   This  indigenous plant  is
 found, in low grounds and along streams, from
 Canada to Georgia, and  west to Louisiana and
 Arkansas.  It is  an annual, and flowers in Au-
 gust and September.  An infusion  has been re-
 commended locally in mercurial salivation.
   Ambrosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr.  R.
1 E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible
 properties.
   AMBROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium
 ambrosioides.
   AMBULANCE, (F.) from ambulare, < to walk.'
 A military hospital  attached  to  an army, and
 moving along with it.  Also called Hopital am-
 bulant.
   AMBULATIO, Walking.
   AM'BULATORY,   Am'bulans, Ambulati'vua,
 Am'bulative, (F.)  Ambulant.  A morbid affection
 is said to be 'ambulatory/ (F.) ambulante, when
 it skips from one part to another; as Erisypeles
 ambulants, Ac.   When blisters are  applied suc-
 cessively on different parts of the body, they are
 called  Vesicatoires ambulants.
   AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus.
   AM'BULI.   The Brachmanic name for an In-
 dian aquatic  herb, which appears to belong  to
 the family Lyeimachia.   The whole plant has a
 sweet smell.   Its  decoction  has a very  bitter
 taste, and is  an excellent febrifuge.  It is also
 taken in milk in cases of vertigo.
   AM'BULO  FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'-
 SUS,  Flatua  furio'sus,  Vare'ni.   Painful, mo-
 bile, and  periodical  tumours  affecting different
 parts, which were once  considered as the  effect
 of very subtile vapours—Michaelis.   Their na-
 ture is by no  means clear.
   AMBUSTIO, Burn. '
    AMBUTUA, Pareira brava.             .
   AMBUYA-EMBO.  A very beautiful, creeping
 aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is
 exhibited successfully in obstructions.   It is also
 used in fumigation and in baths as a tonic.
   AME,  Anima.
   AMELI.   A Malabar shrub,  belonging to a
 genus  unknown.   The decoction of its leaves is
 said to relieve colic.   Its roots, boiled in oil, are
 used to repel tumours.
   AMELIA,  Apathy.
   AMEXIA, Amenorrhoea, Emmenagogues.
   AMENOMA'NIA.   A  hybrid word, formed
 from the  Latin amcenus, 'agreeable/ and pavia,
 ' mania.'   A gay form of insanity.
   AMENORRHEA, Parame'nia obstructio'nis
 MenocrypVia, Menosta''in a, Apophrax'is,Arrhce'a
 Defec'tus sou Reman'sio seu Cessa'tio men'sium,
Menatrua'tio impedi'ta, lachome'nia,Ame'nia, from
a,  privative, ^r\v,  ' a month/ and pew, ' I_ flow.
Suppression of the  menses, (F.) Suppression du
flux menstruel.  This suppression  is  most com-
monly symptomatic, and hence  the chief atten-
tion  must be paid to the cause.  Usually, there is
an atonic state of the system generally, and hence
chalybeates and other tonics are advisable.
  Two great varieties  of Amenorrhoea are com-
monly reckoned.   1. A.  Emdnsio'nis, Eman'aio
men'sium, Menia'cheaia,  Menos'chesis, Menstrua'tio
retenta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men-
ses, when the menses do not appear at" the usual
age: and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium, Sujipres'sio
Menstruatio'nis, Amenorrhoe'a Suppreaaio'nia, In-
terrup'tio menstruatio'nis, Menstrua'tio suppressa,
in which the catamenia are obstructed in their
regular periods of recurrence. See Emansio Men-
sium, and Menses.
  Amenorrhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea—a.
Emansionis, see Amenorrhoea—a. Hymenica, see
Hymenicus — a.  Partialis, Dysmenorrhoea — a.
Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea.
  AMENTIA,  Dementia: see, also, Fatuitas, and
Idiotism—a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged.
  AMER, Amarus.
  AMERICAN, see Homo.
  AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu-
berosum.
  AMERTUME, Bitterness.
  AM'ETHYST,  Amethys'tus, from a, privative,
and pedvw,  ' I  am drunk.'  A precious stone,  to
which the ancients attributed  the property of
preventing drunkenness.   It was also used as an
anti-diarrhceic  and absorbent—Pliny, Albertus
Magnus.
  AMETH'YSUM,  Amethys'tum,  (remedium,)
Same etymon as the last.  A remedy for drunk-
enness.
  AMETRIA,  Intemperance.   Also, absence of
the uterus; from a, privative,  and pirirpa,  'the
uterus.'
  AMICULUM,  Amnios.
  AM ID ON,  IODURE U, Starch, Iodide of.
  AMIDUM, Amylum.
  AMIN.EA,  Anime.
  AMIN^'UM VINUM, Amine'an wine, highly
esteemed as a stomachic  Virgil distinguishes it
from the Falernian.—Pliny, Macrobius, Ac.
  AMMA, Truss.
  AMMI,  Ammi majus  seu cicutafo'Hum seu
vulga're  seu Bolberi, Am'mioa murica'ta,  A'pium
ammi, Biahop'a weed. The seeds of this plant are
aromatic  and  pungent.  They  are said to be
carminative and  diuretic, and are tonic and sto-
machic
  Ammi Bolberi, Ammi — a. dea Boutiquea, see
Sison ammi—a. Cicutaefolium, Ammi—a. Verum,
see Sison ammi—a.  Vulgare, Ammi.
  AMMION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
  AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi.
  AMMISMUS,  Psammismus.
  AMMOCHO'SIA,  Ammocho'sia,  from appos,
' sand/ and ^£<d, ' I pour.'  Arena'tio.   Putting
the human body in hot  sand, for  the  cure  of
disease.
   AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gaa,
 Volatile  al'kali, Al'cali ammoni'aeum caus'ticum,
A.  volat'ile caua'ticum, Ammo'nia  caus'tiea,  A.
pura, Ammoni'aeum, A.  caus'ticum,  Gas ammo-
niaca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.)  Ammoniaquc,
Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called,
because obtained principally by decomposing sal
ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by lime.   This
gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a  pun-
gent, characteristic  odour, and  an  acrid urinous
taste.  It turns the syrup of violets green, and 
AMMONIAC
65
AMMONIJ3 ACETAS
its  specific  gravity  is  0*596.  When  inhaled,
largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful
irritant.   When  unmixed,  it instantly  induces
suffocation.
  Ammonia,  Acetate  of, Solution of, Liquor
ammoniae acetatis—a.  Arseniate of, Arseniate of
ammonia—a, Benzoate of, Ammoniae benzoas—
a. Caustica liquida, Liquor ammoniae—a. Chloro-
hydrate of, Ammoniae  murias—a. Citrate of, Am-
monias citras—a. Hydriodate of, Ammonium, io-
dide of—a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammoniae murias
—a. Hydrosulphuret of, Ammoniae sulphuretum—
a. Iodide of,  see Iodine—a. Liniment of, strong,
Linimentum  ammonias fortius—a. Liquid, Liquor
Ammoniae—a. Muriatica, Ammoniae  murias—a.
Nitrata,  Ammoniae nitras—a. Phosphate of, Am-
moniae phosphas—a. Praeparata, Ammoniae car-
bonas— a. Pura liquida, Liquor ammoniae—a.
Solution of,  Liquor ammoniae — a.  Solution of,
stronger, Liquor ammoniae fortior—a. Tartrate of,
Ammoniae tartras.
   AMMO'NIAC,  GUM, Ammoni'aeum,  (Ph.  U.
S.) Gum'mi  Ammoni'aeum,  Armoni'acum, Mato'-
rium,  (F.) Ammoniac, Gomme  ammoniaque,  so
called from  Ammonia  in  Lybia, whence  it is
brought.  A gum-resin, the concrete  juice  of
Bore'ma ammoni'aeum, of Persia: a species of a
genus allied to Ferula.  It is in irregular, dry
masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish with-
in.  Its  odour is peculiar,  and not ungrateful:
taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter.   It forms a
white emulsion with water:  is soluble in vinegar;
partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the
alcalies.
   Gum  ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru-
 ent ( ? )  antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
 It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity,
 and in the formation of certain plasters.
   Two varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market,
 Gutta ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapia ammoni'-
 aci, the  more impure.
   AMMONIAC^E NITRAS, Ammoniae nitras—
 a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulphas.
   AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac Gum
 —a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniae foetidus—a.
 Volatile mite, Ammonias carbonas.
   AMMONITE ACETAS,  Liquor ammoniae ace-
 tatis—a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia.
   Ammo'ni k Ben'zoas, Ben'zoate of Ammonia.
 A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and
 ammonia, which has  been  prescribed for the re-
 moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda  in
 the joints.  It is regarded  as a good diuretic.
   Ammonite Car'bonas, A. Subcar'bonas, A. Ses-
 quicar'bonas, Salt of bones, Sal Os'sium, Salt of
 wood-soot, Sal Fulig"inis, Salt of urine, Volatile
 Sal  Ammoniac,  Baker's   salt, Al'cali  volat'ile
 aera'-tum, A. volat'ile ammoniaca'le, A. v<ilat'ile
 ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoni'aeum volat'ile mite,
 Ammo'nium carbon'icum, A. aubcarbo'neum, Car-
 bonaa ammo'nia  alkali'nut seu  incomple'tua  seu
 auperammon i'acua, Hypocar'bonas ammo'nia, Flo-
 rea aalia  ammoni'aci, Sal  cornu cervi  volat'ile,
 Sal volat'ilis ^alia  ammoni'aci, Concrete volatile
 alkali,  Carbonate or Subcarbonate of ammonia,
 Ammo'nia prapara'ta, Sal volat'ile, Smelling aalt,
 (F.) Carbonate  d'ammoniaque, Sel volatil d'An-
 gleterrc, (Amnion, muriat.  B>j ;  Oreta ftnss. Sub-
 lime— Ph.  U. S.)  A white, striated, crystalline
 mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniacal:
 soluble  in two parts  of water : insoluble in alco-
 hol : effloresces  in  the air.  It is stimulant, ant-
 acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic.   Dose, gr.
 v. to xv.
   Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form
 effervescing draughts.  One scruple saturates six
 fluidraehms of lemon-juice, twenty-six  grains of
        5
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains
of crystallized citric acid.
  AmmonIjE Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia.  Made
by saturating  lemon or lime juice, or a solution
of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia.  Dose,
fgss.
  It may be made extemporaneously, and taken
in an effervescing state.   Seventeen grains of
citric acid or half a fluidounce of lemon-juice
will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbonate
of ammonia.
  Ammonite  Cupro-sulphas,  Cuprum  ammo-
niatum.
  Ammonite et Ferri Murias, Ferrnm ammo-
niatum—a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras—
a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, iodide of—a. Hydro-
sulphuretum, Liquor fumans Boylii—a. Hypocar-
bonas, Ammoniae Carbonas.
  Ammo'ni,e  Mu'rias, Mu'riate  of Ammo'nia,
Hydrochlo'rate of Ammo'nia, Chlorohydrate of
Ammo'nia, Sal  Ammoni'aeum,  Sal Ammo'niac,
Sal Ammoni'acua, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'-
nium Muria'tum, Hydrochlo'ras Ammo'nia,  Sal
■Armoni'acum, Salmiac,  Fuli'go Al'ba Philoso-
pho'rum, Misadir, (F.) Muriate d'Ammoniaque.
A saline concrete, formed by the combination of
muriatic acid with  ammonia.  In  Egypt it is
manufactured in large quantities by  subliming
the soot formed  by burning camel's dung — 26
pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds.  It is also
prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric
acid to  tha  volatile  alkali obtained from soot,
bones, Ac, mixing this with common salt,  and
subliming.
   Muriate of ammonia is  inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent,  bitterish, and urinous  taste;
Three parts of cold  water dissolve one.  Solu-
ble also in 4-5 parts of alcohol.  It is aperient
and diuretic, but seldom  used internally..  Ex-
ternally, it is employed,  producing cold  during
its solution, in inflammations, Ac.
   Ammo'nia  Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia,  Al'-
 kali volat'ile nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'acus nitro'sus,
 Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'aca, Nitrum
 ftammans,  (F.)  Nitrate d'Ammoniaque.  A  salt
 composed of nitric acid and ammonia.  It is  diu-
 retic and deobstruent. (?)  Externally, it is dis-
 cutient and sialogogue.
   Ammo'ni.e Phosphas, Phosphate of Ammo'nia,
 (F.) Phosphate d'Ammoniaque. This salt has been
 recommended as an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and
 discutient.   More recently, it has been proposed
 as a new remedy for gout and rheumatism,  as a
 solvent  of uric acid calculus, and for diseases,
 acute and chronic, connected  directly with the
 lithio aeid diathesis.
    Ammonite Sesquicarbonas, A. carbonas.
    Ammo'nIjE Sulphas, Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia,
 Sulphas ammoni'aca, Ammo'nium sulphu'ricnm,
 Al'kali volat'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'aevm
 secre'tum Glauberi, Sal secre'tus Glauberi, IV-
 triolum ammoniaca'le, (F.) Sulphate d'Ammoni-
 aque.   Formed  by adding sulphuric acid either
 to  sal  ammoniac or to ammoniacal liquor.   Its
 properties are like those  of the muriate of am-
 monia.
    Ammo'nia Sulphure'tpm, Sul'phuret  of  Am-
 mo'nia, HydroauVphuret  of Ammo'nia, Ammo'-
 nium Sulfhydra'tum, Hydroaul'phas Ammonia,
 Spir'itua  Begtji'ni,  Sp. fumana  BEGtri'.NI,  S\d-
 phure'tum ammoni'aca, Sp. salis ammoni' a</i sul~
 phura'tus, Liquor ammo'nii hydrothi'odis, Hydro-
 sulphure'tum Ammo'nicum, Hydrarg. ammoniaea'-
 le aquo'sum,  Hydrog"eno-sulphure'tum ammoni'-
 aca liq'uidum, Spir'itus aul'phuria volat'ilis, He-
  par snlphuris volat'ile,  Boyle's or Beguine's
  fuming spirit, (F.) Hydrosulphate sulfure d'Am- 
              AMMONIAQUE              «

moniaque, Liqueur fumante  de Boyle,  Sulfure
hydrogene «"Ammoniaque, Hydroaulfurc  d'Am-
moniaque.  Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and
styptic; colour dark yellowish green.  It is  re-
puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic,  disoxy-
gcnizing, (?) and has been given in diabetes and
diseases of increased excitement.  Dose, gtt. viij.
to gtt. xx.
  Ammo'ni.e Tartras, Al'kali  volat'ile  tartari-
za'tum, Sal Ammoni'aeum tarta'reum, Tar'tarus
ammo'nia, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate
a Ammoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric acid
and  ammonia.  It is diaphoretic and diuretic;
but not much used.
  AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia—a. Arseniate d',
Arseniate of ammonia—a. Hydrosulfure d', Am-
monias sulphuretum—a. Hydrosulfate sulfure d',
Ammonias sulphuretum—a. Liquide, Liquor am-
monias— a. Phosphate d', Ammoniae phosphas—
a. Sulfure hydrogene d', Ammoniae sulphuretum.
  AMMONII IODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of.
  Ammonii Ioduretum, Ammonium, iodide of.
  AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu-
prum ammoniatum.
  AMMO'NION, from appos, 'sand.' An ancient
collyrium of great virtues in many diseases of  the
eye, and  which was  said to  remove  sand from
that organ.
  AMMONIUM ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of
ammonia—a. Carbonicum, Ammonias carbonas
—a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of—a.
Iodatum, Ammonium, iodide of.
  Ammo'nium, I'odide of, Iod'idum seu Iodure'-
tum ammonii,  Ammonium  Ioda'tum  seu  Hydro-
iod'icum, Hydri'odas ammo'nia, Hydri'odate of
ammo'nia.  This  salt is  formed  by saturating
liquid hydriodic acid with caustic ammonia, and
evaporating  the solution.  It is applied in  the
form  of  ointment (3J  ad adipis 3J) in lepra,
psoriasis, Ac.
  Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar-
tiale, Ferrum ammoniatum—a. Muriatum, Am-
monias murias—a. Subcarboneum, Ammoniae car-
bonas—a. Sulfhydratum, Ammonias sulphuretum
—a. Sulphuricum, Ammoniae sulphas.
  AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral,  sa-
line.
  AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia.
  AMNE'SIA, Amnest'ia, Amnemos'yne,  from a,
privative, and pvrtois, 'memory.'  Moria imbec"-
ilis amne'sia,  Obliv'io, Recollectio'nis jactu'ra,
Dysaathe'sia inter'na, Bebil'itas memo'ria, Me-
mo'ria dele'ta,  (F.) Perte de Memoire, 'loss of
memory.' By some Nosologists, amnesia consti-
tutes a genus of diseases.  By most, it is consi-
dered only as a symptom, which  may occur in
many diseases.
  AMNESTIA, Amnesia.
  AMNI TIS, Amnitis.
  AMNIOCLEP'SIS, from Amnios, and kXckto),
' I steal or take away clandestinely.'  Premature
escape of the liquor amnii.
  AMNIORRHCE'A, from amnios, and  etoi, ' I
flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii.
  AM'NIOS,  Am'nion,  Am'nium, Hym'nium,
Charta virgin'ea, Armatu'ra, Aqni'na membra'na,
Pellu'cida membra'na, Galea, Scepar'num, Indu'-
si'um, Amic'ulum,  Membra'na fcetum invol'vens.
The innermost of the enveloping  membranes of
the foetus:—so called because first observed in
the sheep, (?) apvos, ' a sheep.'   It is thin, trans-
parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate,
colourless vessels, which have not been injected.
It is  generally considered to be produced by a
fold of the external layer of  the germinal mem-
brane, rising up,  and gradually enveloping  the
embryo.  Its external surface is feebly united to
the chorion by areolar and vascular filaments.
                AMPELOS

Its inner  surface is  polished, and is in contact
with the body of the foetus and the liquor amnii.
  AMNIOTIC ACID,  Ac"idum am'nicum vel
amniot'icum.  A peculiar acid, found by Vauque-
lin and  Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow.
  AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tis, from Amnion and itia,
inflammation. Inflammation of the Amnion.
  AMCENOMA'NIA, from amanua, 'agreeable/
and mania.   A form  of mania in which the hal-
lucinations are of an  agreeable character.'
  AMOME FAUX, Sison amomum.
  AMO'MUM CARDAMO'MUM, A. repena seu
racemo'sum,  A. verum,  Alpin'ia  cardamo'mum,
Caro'pi, Mato'nia Cardamo'mum, Elctta'ria Car-
damo'mum, Cardamo'mum Minus, Lesser or offici-
nal Car'damom,  (F.) Gardamome de la Cote de
Malabar,  Gardamome.  The seeds  of this East
India plant have  an agreeable, aromatic odour,
and  a pungent,  grateful  taste.  They are car-
minative and stomachic: but are  chiefly used
to give  warmth to other remedies.  The fruit is
called Amomis.   Dose, gr. v. to ^j.
  Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa.
  Amomum Galanga, Maranta G.
  Amomum Granum  Paradi'si,  Cardamo'mum
majua, Meleguet'ta,  Maniguet'ta,  Cardamo'mum
pipera'tum, A. max'imum, (F.) Graines de Para-
dia.  Greater cardamom  seeds resemble the last
in properties.  They are extremely hot, and not
much used.
  Amomum Hirsutum,  Costus — a. Montanum,
see Cassumuniar—a. Pimenta:  see Myrtus pi-
menta—a. Repens, A. cardamomum—a. Sylves-
tre, see Cassumuniar—a. Zedoaria, Kasmpferia
rotunda—a. Zerumbet, see Cassumuniar.
  Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'giber officinale, Zin-
giber album,  Z. nigrum, Z. eommu'ne, Zin'ziber,
Ginger,  (F.) Gingembre.  The white and black
ginger, Zin'ziber fuacum et album, are the rhizoma
of the same  plant, Zin'giber officina'le, the dif-
ference depending upon the mode of preparing
them.
  The odour of ginger is aromatic; taste warm
aromatic,  and acrid. It yields  its virtues ti
alcohol, and in a great  degree  to water.   It ii
carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
  Preaerved Ginger, Zingib'eria Radix Condi'ta.
Radix Zingib'eria condi'ta ex Indid alla'ta, is  a
condiment which possesses  all  the  virtues of
ginger.
  Ginger-Beer Powdera  may be formed of whits
sugar, gj.  and P|ij. ginger, gr. v. subcarbonate of
soda, gr. xxxvj in each blue paper: acid  of tar-
tar, ^iss in each white paper,—for half a pint of
water.
   Oxley's  Concentrated Essence of Jamaica Gin-
ger is a  solution of ginger in rectified spirit.
  AMOR, Love.
  AMORGE, Amurca.
  AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus.
  AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
  AMOUR,  Love — a.  Physique,  Appetite, ve-
nereal.
  AMOUREUX (muscle.)   Obliquus superior
oculi.
  AMPAC, Amp'acus.  An East India tree, the
leaves -of  which   have a strong  odour,  and are
used in  baths as detergents.   A very odoriferous
resin is  obtained from it.
  AMPAR, Succinum.
  AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
  AMPELOPRASUM, Allium.
  AMPELOPSI'S QUINQUEFO'LIA,  IW„'-
ian  Creeper,  American.  Ivy, Fiveleared Ivy
Woody  Climber.   An indigenous climbing plant!
Family, Vitaceae ; which flowers in July.  It has
been advised as an expectorant.
  AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera—a. Agria, Bryonia
6 
AMPIIAMPHOTERODIOPSIA        67
AMYGDALIN
alba—a. Idaea, Vaccinium Vitis Idasa—a. Oino-
phoros,  Vitis vinifera.
  AMPIIAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia.
  AMPHARIS'TEROS, Ambila'vua, 'awkward;'
from ap<pi, and apiarcpos, ' the left.'  Opposed to
ambidexter.
  AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian.
  AMPHEMERUS,  Quotidian.
  AM PHI,  a/i0i, 'both,  around,  on all sides.'
Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms.
  AMPHIAM, Opium.
  AxMPIIIARTHRO'SIS, from ap<pt, 'both/ and
apSpwois, ' articulation.'   A  mixed articulation,
in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are
united in an intimate manner by an intermediate
body, which allows, however, of some slight mo-
tion.  Such is the junction  of the bodies of the
vertebras  by means  of the  intervertebral  car-
tilages.   This  articulation has also  been called
Biarthroae de  Continuite. The motion  it permits
is but slight.
  AMPIIIBLESTRODITIS, Retinitis.
  AMPHIBLESTROIDES,  Reticular.
  A.MPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA, from amphi-
blcstroVdes (membrana) the  retina, and paXaKia,
' softening.'    Mollescence or softening of the
retina.
  AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from ap<pt,  'around/
and (ipayxia, ' the throat.' Amphibron'chia.  The
tonsils and neighbouring parts.—Hippocrates.
  AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva.
  AMPIIID'EUM, from aptpi, 'around/ and lew,
' I  bind.'  The outermost margin of the cervix
uteri; the Labium uteri.
  AMPHIDEXIUS,  Ambidexter.
  AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from au<ph 'about,'
and ItapSpwais, 'a moveable joint.'  A name given
by  Winslow to the temporo-maxillary articula-
tion, because, according to  that anatomist,  it
partakes both  of ginglymus and arthrodia.
  AMPHIESMA CORDIS,  Pericardium.
  AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis—a.Hectica, Hec-
tic  fever.
  AMPIITMERINOS, Quotidian.
  AMPHION, Maslach.
  AMPHIPLEX, Perinaeum.
  AMPHIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea.
  AMPIIISMELA, Knife, double-edged.
  AMPIIISMILE, Knife, double-edged.
  AMPIIISPHAL'SIS,  Circumac'tio, Circum-
duc'tio,  from a/i0i, 'around/ and o-ipaXXw, 'I wan-
der.'  The movement of circumduction used  in
reducing luxations.—Hippocrates.
  AMPIIODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
  AM'PIIORA, per syncop.  for ap<pi<popevs, from
ap(pt, ' on both sides/ and Qcpw, ' I bear :' because
it had two  handles.   A liquid measure among
the ancients,  containing above seven gallons.
Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'mium,  Ceram'nium,
Oadus.
  AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION, see Cavernous
Respiration.
  AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA. see Diplopia.
  AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia.
  AMPLEXATIO, Coition.
  AMPLEXUS, Coition.
  AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis.
  AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia.
  AMPOSIS,  Anaposis.
  AMPOULES, Essera.
  AMPUI/LA. (L.)  'A bottle.'  A membranous
bag, shaped like a leathern  bottle.  See Cavitas
Elliptica. In pharmacy, a receiver.
  Ampulla Chylifera seu Chyli,  Recepta-
culum chyli.
  AMPULLAE, Phlyctasnae.
  AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from  amputare,
(am, 'around,' and putare,) 'to cut  off.'  Apot'-
ome, Apotom'ia. The operation of separating, by
means of a cutting instrument, a limb or a part
of a limb, or a projecting part, as the mamma,
penis, Ac, from the  rest of the  body.  In the
case of a tumour,  the term  excision, removal, or
extirpation,(F.) Resection, is more commonly used.
  Amputation, Circular, is that in which the
integuments and muscles are divided circularly.
  Amputation, Flap, (F.) A.d lambeaux, is when
one or two flaps are left so as to cover the stump,
when the limb has been removed.
  Amputation, Joint,  Exarticula'tio, (F.) A.
dans I'article ou dans la contiguite des membres,
is when the limb is removed at an articulation.
  Each amputation  requires a different process,
which is described in works on operative surgery.
  Amputation, Spontaneous, See Spontaneous.
  AMULET, Amuletum.
  AMULETTE, Amuletum.
  AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove.' An
Amulet, Periam'ma, Apotropa'um,  Periap'ton,
Phylacte'rion, Apoteles'ma, Exarte'ma, Alexica'-
cum, Praservati'vum, Probasca''nium, Probascan'-
tium, (F.) Amulette.  Any image or  substance
worn about the person  for the purpose of pre-
venting disease or danger.
  AMUR'CA, Amur'ga,  apopyn.  The marc or
grounds remaining after olives have been crushed
and deprived of their oil.  It has been used as
an application to ulcers.
  AMURGA, Amurca.
  AMUSA,  Musa Paradisiaca.
  A'MYCE, Amycha, Amy'xis.  Excoriation, Sca-
rification.
  AMYCHA, Amyce.
  AMYC'TICA, from apvacw, ' I lacerate/  Me-
dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin.—
Caslius Aurelianus.
  AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis.
  AMYEL'IA, from  a, privative, and  pvcXos,
'marrow.'   A monstrous  formation,  in which
there is an absence of spinal marrow.
  AMYG'DALA,  same etymon as  Amyctica;
because there seem  to be fissures in  the shell.
The Almond,  of  which there  are  two  kinds;
Amyg'dala ama'ra and A. dulces, (F.) Amandcs
ameres, and A. douces, obtained from two varie-
ties of  Amyg'dalus  communis or A.  sati'va, a
native of Barbary. Nat. Ord. Amygdaleae.  Sex.
Syst. Icosandria Monogynia.
  The taste of Amygdala dulcis is soft and sweet;
that of A. amara, bitter.  Both yield, by expres-
sion, a sweet, bland oil.  The bitter almond con-
tains Prussic  acid.   They  are chiefly used for
forming emulsions.
  Amyg'dal^e Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic
for softening the  skin and preventing chaps, is
made of bitter almonds, blanched, 3jiv, white of
one  egg;  roae water, and  rectified apirit, equal
parts, or as  much as is sufficient.
  Amyg'dala Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is  the
cake left  after the  expression of the oil.  The
ground Almond Cake, Almond Powder, Fari'na
Amj/gdala'rum, is used instead of soap for wash-
ing the hands.
   Amygdala, Tonsil.  Also, a lobule  or  promi-
nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem-
blance to an enlarged tonsil.  This and its fellow
of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries
of the anterior extremity of the valley, and are
in great part covered by the medulla oblongata.
The Amygdalae are  seated on either side of the
uvula, in the fourth ventricle.
  AMYGDALATUM, Emulsio Amygdala;.
   AMYGDALE,  Tonsil.
   AMYG'DALIN, Amygdali'num, Amygdali'na,
Amyg'daline.   A principle  contained in bitter
almonds,  which  is  prepared by pressing  thn 
AMYGDALITIS
68
AXACOLLEMA
   uised  almonds between heated plates to sepa-
  ate  the fat oil; boiling the residue in alcohol;
'evaporating, and treating with ether, which pre-
 cipitates the amygdaline in a crystalline powder.
 A weak  solution of it, under the influence of a
 small quantity  of  emulsin or syna'ptase, which
 constitutes  the  larger portion of the pulp of al-
 monds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds and
 hydrocyanic acid.
   AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
   AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala.
   Amygdalus Communis, see Amygdala.
   Amyg'dalus Per'sica, Per'sica vulga'ris. The
 common peach-tree,  (F.) Pecher.  The leaves and
 flowers have been considered laxative.  They are
 bitter and aromatic, and have been given in hae-
 maturia, nephritis,  Ac.   The fruit is one of the
 pleasant and wholesome summer fruits,  when
 ripe.   The kernels,  Amyg'dala Per'sica, as well
 as the flowers, contain prussic acid.
   Peach Brandy is  distilled from the fruit, and
 is much used in the United States.
   AMYGMOS, Scarification.
   AMYLA'CEA (remedia), from amylum, 'starch.'
 Remedies whose chief medicinal constituent is
 starch.
   AMYLEOX, Amylum.
   AMYLI  IODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide of—a.
 Ioduretum,  Starch,  iodide of.
   A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Fec'ula, Amyl'eon,
 Amyl'ion, from  a, priv., and pvXn, 'a mill/ be-
 cause made without  a mill.  Starch, (F.) Amidon,
 Amylon, Starch of Wheat, Fari'na, Trit'icifari'-
 na, Amylum tritV'ceum seu Trit'ici, Fec'ula Amy-
 li'cea, is inodorous  and insipid, white and fria-
 ble.   It  is insoluble in cold water and alcohol,
 but forms with boiling water a strong, semi-trans-
parent jelly.  It is  demulcent, and is used as an
 emollient glyster, and as the vehicle for opium,
 when given  per anum.  Starch is met with abun-
 dantly in all the cereal grains, in the stalks of
many of the palms,  in some lichens, and in many
tuberous  roots, particularly in the bulbs of the
 orchis.
  Amylum Americanum, see Arrowroot—a. Can-
naeeum,  Tous-les-mois — a.  Iodatum,   Starch,
iodide of— a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha mani-
hot— a.  Marantaceum,  Arrow-root — a. Palma-
ceum, Sago—a. Querneum, Racahout.
  A'MYOX, from a, priv., and pvov, 'a muscle/
Einnscula'tus. Without muscle.  Applied to the
limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can-
not be distinguished.
  AMYOSIS/Synezizis.
  AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium.
  Am'yris  Elemif'era,  (F.) Balaamier Elemi-
fh-e.   Nat. Ord.  Terebinthaceae.   Sex. Syat.
Oetandria Monogynia.  The plant whence it has
been  supposed Gum Ele'mi is  obtained.  This
gum or resin is brought from the Spanish East
and West Indies.  Brazilian Elemi, according
to Dr. Royle, is  produced by Idea  Icicariba;
Mexican  Elemi, by Ela'phrium elemiferum; and
Manilla Elemi, by  Cana'rium commu'ne. It is
softish, transparent,  of a pale whitish colour, in-
clining a little to green, and of a strong, though
not unpleasant smell.  It is only used  in oint-
ments and plasters,  and is a digestive.
  Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum.
  Am'yris  Opobal'samum, (F.) Balaamier de la
Mecquc, Bal'sem, Bal'samum.  The  plant from
which is obtained the Balsam of Mecca, Bal'-
samum genui'num  antiquo'rum,  Balsamela'on,
-Egyptiacum Bal'samum, Bal'eamum Aaiat'icum,
B. Juda'icum, B. Syriacum, B. e Mecca, Coeo-
baV samum, B. Alpi'ni, Oleum Bal'sami, Opobal'-
tainum, Xylobal'samum, Balaam or Balm of Gi-
 lead,  (F.) Baume Blanc,  B. de Constantinople
 blanc, B. de Galaad, B. du Grand Gairc, B. 1 rai,
 Terebinthine de GiUad, T. d'Egypte, T. du Grand
 Kaire, T. de Judee.  A  resinous juice obtained
 by making  incisions  into Amyria opobal'samum
 and A. Gileaden'sis of Linnaeus, Balsamaden'dron
 Gileaden'se of  Kunth.  The juice of the fruit is
 called  Carpobal'samum; that of the  wood and
 branches Xylobal'samum.   It has the  general
 properties of the milder Terebinthinates.
   Amyris Tomentosum,  Fagara octandra.
   AMYRON, Carthamus Tinctorius.
   A'MYUS, from a, privative, and pvs,' a mouse,
 a muscle.'   Weak or poor in muscle.
   AMYX'IA, from  a, privative, and  pv^a, 'mu-
 cus.'  Deficiency of mucus.
   AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification.
   ANA, ava, a word which signifies  'of each.'
 It is used in prescriptions as well as a, and aa, its
 abbreviations.   As a prefix  to  words, it means
 ' in/ ' through/ ' upwards/ ' above/ in opposition
 to eata; also 'repetition/  like  the English  re.
 Hence,—
   ANAB'ASIS, from avafiaivw, 'I ascend.' The
 first period of a disease, or that of increase.—
 Galen.  See Augmentation.
   ANABEXIS, Expectoration.
   ANABLEP'SIS, from  ava, 'again/ and ffXe-rw,
 ' I see.'  Restoration to sight.
   ANABOL^E'ON, Anabole'us, from avafiaXXw, 'I
 cast up.' An  ointment  for extracting darts or
 other extraneous bodies.
   ANAB'OLE, from  ava, 'upwards/ and (iaXXw,
 'I cast.'   Anago'ge, Anaph'ora,  Anacine'ma,
 Anacine'sis.  An evacuation upwards.  An act
 by which  certain matters  are  ejected  by the
 mouth.  In  common  acceptation it  includes, ex-
 spuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomit-
 ing.
   ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anabron'chismus, from
 ava, 'with/  and fipoxos,  'a running knot.'  An
 operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam-
 ple, when they irritate the  eye, by means of a
 hair knotted around them—Hippocrates, Galen,
 Celsus, Ac.
   ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus.
   ABABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion.
   ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephium.
   ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, Acajnba.
 occidenta'lis, Oasau'vium  pomif'erum,  Cashew
 ( W. Indies.) (F.) Ac'ajou.   Nat. Ord. Terebin-
 thaceae.   Sex.   Syst.  Enneandria  Monogynia.
 The Oil of the  Cashew Nut, O'leum Anacor'dii,
 (F.) Huile d'Acajou, is an active caustic, and used
 as such in the countries where it grows, especially
 for destroying warts, Ac.
   Anacardicm  Orientale,  Avicennia  tomen-
 tosa.
   ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards/ and
 KaSaipciv, 'to purge.'   Purgation  upwards.  Ex-
 pectoration.   See, also, Repurgatio.
   Anacatharsis Catarrhalis  Simplex, Ca-
 tarrh.
   ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant.
   ANACESTOS, Incurable.
   ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition
   ANACHRON, Soda.
   ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition.
   ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition.
   ANACLASIS, Repercussion.
   ANACLINTE'RIUM,  Anaclin'trum, Recnbi-
 to'rutm, from ovokXivw, 'I recline.'  A lon^ chair
 or seat, so formed that the person can rest in  a
reclining posture.
  ANACLINTRUM, Anaclinterium.
  ANACOLLE'MA,  from  ava,  'together  and
koXXhw, ' I glue.' A healing medicine.    '
  Anacollemata, Frontal bandages.' 
ANACOLUPPA               6£
  ANACOLUP'PA.  A creeping plant of Mala-
bar, the juice  of which, mixed with powdered
pepper, passes  in India  as  a cure for epilepsy,
and as the only remedy for  the bite of the naja.
It is supposed to be Zapa'nia nodijlo'ra.
  A \ACOL UTIIIE, Incoherence.
  ANACO.MIDE, Restauratio.
  ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism.
  ANACONCHYLISMUS,  Gargarism.
  ANACTESIS, Restauratio.
  ANACTIRION, Artemisia.
  ANACYCLEON, Charlatan.
  ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see  Anthe-
mis Pyrethrum—a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre-
thrum.
  ANADESMUS, Fascia.
  ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and ImXow,
' I double.'  Epanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'sis, Redu-
plica'tio.   The redoubling  which occurs in a
paroxysm of an intermittent,  when its  type is
double.—Galen, Alexander of Tralles.
  AXADORA, Ecdora.
  ANAD'OSIS, from avalilwpi, 'I distribute.'
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting.  Congestion
of blood towards the upper parts of the body.
Anadosis seems also to have occasionally meant
chylification, whilst diadosia meant capillary nu-
trition,— Hippocrates, Galen.
  ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards/ and Spe/iw,
' I run.'  The transport of a humour or pain from
a lower to an  upper part. — Hippocr.  Also, the
globus hystericus.
  ANjEDCE'US, from av, privative, and ailoia,
'organs  of  generation.'  A monster devoid  of
sexual organs.
  AN^EMATOPOIE'SIS, from  a, av, privative,
'aipa, 'blood/ and iroeiw, 'I  make.'  Impeded or
obstructed hasmatosis.
  AN^EMATO'SIS, Anhamato'sis, from  a,  av,
privative, and  'aipa, ' blood.'  Defective  hasma-
tosis or. preparation of the blood.   Anasmia.
  ANiE'MIA, Exa'mia,  Ana'masis, Anha'mia,
Anhamato'sis, Polyanha'mia, Anamo'sis,  Oliga'-
mia, Oligoha'mia,  Hypm'mia, Hydroa'mia, Hy-
dra'mia,  Ane'mia,  (F.)  Anemic,  Polyanhemie,
Hydrohemie, Exsanguinity,  Bloodlessness: from
o, priv., and 'aipa,  ' blood.'   Privation of blood;
— the opposite  to plethora.   It  is characterized
by every sign of debility.  Also, diminished quan-
tity  of fluids in the  capillary vessels:—the oppo-
site  to Hyperamia. — The essential character of
the blood in anasmia is  diminution  in the ratio
of red corpuscles.
  ANyE'MIC, Anem'ic, Ana'micus; same ety-
mon. Appertaining to Anasmia,—as an "anamic
person ;" " anamic  urine."
  ANjEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'aipa,
'blood,' and xPoa>  'c°l°ur.' Devoid of  colour,
pale.
  AN^EMOSIS, Anasmia.
  AN.EMOT'ROPHY, Anamotroph'ia: from av,
privative, 'aipa, 'blood/  and  rpo<prj, 'nourish-
ment.'  A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment.
—Prout.
  AN.EMYDRIA,  Anhydraemia.
  AN.ESTHE'SIA, Anasthe'sis, InsensibWitas,
Analgc'xia,  Parap'sis expers,  (F.)  Anesthesie :
from a,  privative, and atadavopai, ' I feel.'  Pri-
vation of sensation, and especially of that of touch,
according to some.  It may be general or  partial,
and  is almost always symptomatic.
  Anaesthesia Linqu.e,  Agcustia—a. Olfactoria,
Anosmia.
  AN.ESTHESTS.  Anaesthesia.
  AN.ESTHET'IC,  Anesthet'ie,  Anasthet'icus,
Ancsthesique ;  same etymon, as Anaatheiia. Re-
lating to privation of  feeling, as an " anasthetic
agent;" #ne that prevents feeling, as chloroform
9                 ANANAS

 inhaled  during a surgical operation.  Different
 agents have been used as anaesthetics,—sulphuric
 ether, chloroform, chloric ether, compound ether,
 chlorohydric  and nitric ethers,  bisulphuret of
 carbon,  chloride of  defiant gas, benzin,  alde-
 hyde, light coal-tar naphtha, Ac.; but the first
 four are alone employed as agents.
   AN^ESTHETIZA'TION, (F.) Aneathitisation;
 same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys-
 tem induced by anaesthetics.
   AN.ESTHISIA, Insensibility.
   ANAGAL'LIS, from ava,  and yaXa, 'milk/
 from its power of coagulating milk.  A. arven'sis,
 A. Pha>nic"ea, Red Pim'pernel, Scarlet Pimper-
 nel.  Nat. Ord.  Primulaceae.  Sex. Syst.  Pen-
 tandria  Monogynia.    (F.)  Mouron  rouge.   A
 common European plant; a reputed antispasmo-
 dic and  stomachic.
   Another species—Anagal'lis cceru'lea is a mere
 variety of the above.
   Anagallis Aquatica, Veronica Beccabunga.
   ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism.
   ANAGARGARISMUS,  Gargarism.
   ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism.
   ANAGLYPHE, Calamus scriptorius.
   ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection.
   ANAGRAPHE, Prescription.
   ANAG'YRIS, Anag'yrus,  Ac'opon, Anag'yris
 fm'tida, Stinking Bean Trefoil.  Native of Italy.
 The leaves are powerfully purgative.  The  juice
 is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic.—Di-
 oseorides, Paulus.
   ANAGYRUS, Anagyris.
   ANAL,  Ana'lis.   That which refers to the
 anus ;—as Anal region, Ac.
   ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie; from a, privative,
 and aXletv, 'to grow.'  Defective nutrition.
   ANALEMSIA, Analepsia.
   ANALENTIA, Analepsia.
   ANALEP'SIA, Analep'sis, Analen'tia,  Ana-
 lem'sia, from ava, 'fresh/ and Xapfiaveiv, 'to take.'
 Restoration to strength after disease.—Galen.  A
 kind of sympathetic epilepsy, originating from
 gastric disorder.   See Epilepsy.
   Also,  the support given  to  a fractured extre-
 mity ;—Appen'sio.—Hippocrates.
   ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio.
   ANALEP'TICA,   Anapsyc'tica,  Psychot'ica,
 Refecti'va, Reficien'tia,  Analeptics,  same  ety-
 mon.  Restorative medicines or food;  such as
 are adapted  to recruit  the strength during con-
 valescence :—as sago, salep, tapioca, jelly, Ac
   Analeptic Pills,  James's, consist of James's
 Powder, Gum Ammoniacum,  and Pills  of  Aloes
 and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor,
 sufficient to form a mass.
   AXALGE'SIA, Anal'gia,  from a, priv., and
 aXyos, 'pain.'  Absence of pain both  in health
 and disease.   See Anaesthesia.
   ANALGIA, Analgesia.
   AN'ALOGUE,  Anal'ogus;  from ava,  'again/
 and Xoyos, ' a description.'  A part in one  orga-
 nized being which has the same function as ano-
 ther part in another organized being.
   ANALOGOUS  TISSUES, see Tissues.
   ANALOSIS, Atrophy.
   ANALTESIS, Restauratio.
   ANALTHES, Incurable.
   ANAM1RTA COCCULUS, Menispermum coc-
 eulus—a. Paniculata, Menispermum cocculus.
   ANAMNES'TIC,   Anamnes'ticum,  from  ava,
 'again/ and pvaopai, 'I remember.'  A medicine
 for improving the memory.   See, also, Comme-
 morative.
   ANANAS, Bromelia ananas—a. Aculeata, Bro-
 mclia ananas—a.  Americana, Bromelia pinguin
 — a. Ovata,  Bromelia ananas—Wild, broad
 leaved, Bromelia pinguin. 
AXAXAZIPTA
0
ANASTOMOSIS
   AXAXAZIPTA.   A word formerly scrawled
 on amulets to charm away disease.
   ANANDRI'A, from a, av, privative, and avnp,
 ' a man.'  Want of manliness.  Impotence in the
 male.   The state and act of emasculation.
   ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio; from ava, 'again/
 and vtos, ' new.'  Renovation or renewal,—as of
 the blood  by the chyliferous vessels  and lym-
 phatics.
   ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tuum, from ava,
 and TTtrau,  ' I dilate.'  A state  opposite to the
 closure of vessels—Galen.
   A~SAPIlALA^Tl'ASIS,Ana2}halanto'ma,from
 ava^aXavrias, ' bald.'   Loss of the hair of the eye-
 brows.  Also, baldness in general.
   ANAPHALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis.
   ANAPHE, Anaphia.
   AXAPH'IA,  Anhaph'ia, An'aphe,  from a,  av,
 priv., and 'a<pn, 'touch.' Diminution or privation
 of the sense of touch.
   ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation.
   ANAPHONE'SIS, from ava, 'high/ and <pwvn,
 'voice.'  Exercise of the voice: vociferation:—
 the act of crying out.  Vocifera'tio, Glamor.
   ANAPHORA, Anabole.
   ANAPHRODIS'IA, from a, priv.,  and \<ppo-
 Strn, 'Venus/ Befec'tus Ven'eris.  Absence of the
 venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Impotence
 and Sterility.
   ANAPHRODISIAC, Antaphrodisiac.
   ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum.
   ANAP'LASIS,  Anaplasmus, from  avairXaaaw,
 'I restore.'   Gonfirma'tio, Reposi"tio.  Restora-
 tion. Union or  consolidation of a fractured bone
 —Hippocrates.
   AXAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic.
   ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis.
   ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'ticus; same etymon.
 An epithet applied  to the art of restoring lost
 parts, or the normal  shape—as 'Anaplastic Sur-
 gery.'  See Morioplastice.  Also an agent, that
 increases the amount of plastic matter—fibrin—
 in the blood ; Anaplasmat'ic.
   ANAPLERO'SIS,  from avanXnpow, 'I  fill up.'
 Repletion.  That part  of surgical  therapeutics
 whose object is to supply parts that are wanting.
 Also, Apposition or Prosthesis.
   ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
   ANAPLEU'SIS, Fluctua'tio,  Innata'tio, from
 avairXctv,  ' to  swim  above.'   The  looseness  or
 shaking of an exfoliated bone; or of a carious or
 other tooth, Ac.—Hippocrates, Paulus.
   ANAPLOSIS, Growth.
   ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration.
   ANAPNOE, Respiration.
   ANAPNOF.NU'SI; from Anapnoe, 'respira-
 tion/ and  vovsos,  disease.'   Diseases of the  re-
 spiratory organs.
   ANAPNOMETER, Spirometer.
   ANAPODISIS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri.
   ANAPODISMUS  UTERI, Retroversio Uteri.
   ANAPODOPHYLLUM CANADENSE, Podo-
 phyllum peltatum.
   ANAP'OSIS, Am'posis, from ava, 'again/ and
, voais, ' drink.'   A recession of humours from the
 circumference to the centre of the body—Hippo-
 crates.
   ANAPSE, Auante.
   ANAPSIA, Cascitas.
   AXAPSYCTICA, Analeptica.
   AXAPTYSIS, Expectoration.
   AXAPTYXIS, Growth.
   ANARCOTINA, Narcotine.
    AXARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappnyvvpi, 'I
 bieak out again.' Fractures  are so called when
 they become disunited; as well  as ulcers when
 they break out afresh.
   AXARRHI'NON,  from ava,  'upwards/ and
piv, ' the nose.'   That which returns by the nose
—Gorraeus.
  According to others, that which issues by the
skin;  from ava, and pnos, 'the skin.
  ANARR1IIXUM, Sternutatory.
  ANARRHOE, Anarrhcca.
  ANARRHC3'A,   Anar'rhoe,  Anarrho'pia,
Anas'tasis, from ava, 'upwards/ and pew, 'I flow.'
Afflux  of  fluid towards the upper part  of the
body.  .
  ANARRIIOPHE, Absorption.
  ANARRHOPHEXU'SI ;  from  anarrhophe,
' absorption/ and vovcos, ' disease/  Diseases of
the absorbents.
  ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
  AXARRHOPIA, Anarrhcea.
  ANAR'THRUS, from av, priv., and apSpov, 'a
joint.'   Without a joint.  One who is so fat that
his joints are scarcely perceptible—Hipp.
  ANASAR'CA, from ava, 'through/ and capl,
' the flesh.' Anasarch'a, Gatasar'ca, Aqua inter-
eus seu inter cittern, Hyposar'ca, Hydrops cellu-
la'ris totius cor'poris,  H. Anasar'ca, H. inter'cus
seu subcuta'neus seu cellulo'sua seu cuta'neus seu
tela cellulo'sa, Katasar'ca, Episarcid'ium, Hy'-
deroa,  Hydaton'cus,   Hyderon'cus,  Hydron'cua,
Hydrosar'ca,  Hydroder'ma,  Hydrop'isis  vera,
Sar'cites,  Polylym'phia, Hyposarcid'ius,  Leuco-
phlegma'tia, General  dropsy, Bropsy of the cel-
lular membrane, (F.) Anasarque.   Commonly, it
begins to manifest itself by swelling around the
ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of
the limbs and of the  soft parts covering  the ab-
domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness
and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any
of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon.
Like dropsy in general, Anasarca may be active
or passive; and its treatment must be regulated
by the  rules that are applicable to general dropsy.
At times, the symptoms are of an acute character,
and  the effusion sudden,  constituting  Berma-
toch'yaia,  Hydropa Anaaar'ca acu'tus, (Ede'ma
cal'idum, 03. acu'tum,  03. febri'le of some.  See
Hydrops.
  Anasarca  Hystericum,  Anathymiasis — a.
Pulmonum,  Hydropneumonia, GCdema  of the
Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens.
  ANASARCHA, Anasarca.
  ANASARQUE, Anasarca.
  ANASISMUS, Concussion.
  ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiasus.
  ANASPA'DIAS,  Epispa'dias, from ava, 'up-
wards/ and oiraw, ' I draw.'  One whose urethra
opens on the upper surface of the penis.
  ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiasus.
  ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiasus.
  ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avaairaw, 'I
contract.'  Retrac'tio.  Contraction, especially of
the bowels.  The condition is called Anaspa'dia,
Anaspad'isis, and Anaspadis'mus—Hippocrates.
  ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis.
  ANASSA, Bromelia ananas.
  ANASTALTICA, Styptics.
  ANASTASIS,  Anarrhcea.   Also, restoration
from sickness.  Convalescence.
  ANASTCECHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again/ and
oroixeiov,  'element.'   Reelementa'tio.   Resolu-
tion of a body or its  parts into their elements-
Galen.
  ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with/ and aropa,
'a mouth.'  Inoscula'tio seu Reu'nio vaao'rum,
Exanaatomo'aia, Concur'sus,  (F.)  Abouchement.
Communication between two vessels.  By consi-
dering the nerves to be channels,  in which a
nervous fluid circulates, their communication like-
wise has been  called Anastomosis.  By means of
anastomoses, if the course  of a fluid be arrested
in one vessel, it can proceed along othefs. 
ANASTOMOTICS
71        ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIFOLIA
  Anastomosis Aneurism.vtica,  Telangiectasia
—a. Jacobson's;—see Petrosal ganglion.
  ANASTOMOT'ICS, Anastomot'ica.  Same ety-
mon.  ('ertain medicines were formerly so called,
which were believed to be capable of opening the
mouths of vessels:—as aperients, diuretics, Ac.
  ANASTOMOT'ICUS  MAGNUS, (RAMUS,)
(F.) Art&re crdlaterale interne, A. collaterale du
coude, is a branch of the  brachial artery which
comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows
branches to the brachialis internus, to the under
edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments,
Ac, about the elbow joint.  See, also, Articular
arteries of the knee.
  ANASTROPIIE  UTERI, Inversio uteri.
  ANATASIS, Extension.
  ANATIIYMIAMA, Anathymiasis.
  ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymi'ama, from ava,
'upwards/ and Ovpa, 'fumigation.'  (Ede'ma fu-
gax, (Ede'ma spas'ticum,  CEde'ma hyster'icum,
Anasar'ca hyster'icum.  An uncertain and tran-
sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob-
served at times in nervous and  hysterical per-
sons.  It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and
H v pochondriasis.
  ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail.
  ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physi-
ology.
  ANATOMIA, Anatomy—a. Animalis, Zootomy
—a. Comparata, Zootomy—a.  Comparativa, Zo-
otomy—a. Viva, Physiology.
  AX ATOM IE, Anatomy — a. Chirurgicale, see
Anatomy—a. des Regions, see Anatomy.
  ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icua.   One who oc-
cupies  himself with  anatomy.   One  versed in
Anatomy.
  ANAT'OMY, Anat'ome, Anatom'ia,  Proaec'tio,
from ava, and repveiv, 'to cut/ (F.)  Anatomic.
The word Anatomy properly signifies dissection ;
but it  has been  appropriated to the  study and
knowledge of the number, shape, situation, struc-
ture, and connexion,—in a word, of all the appa-
rent properties of organized bodies. Anatomy is
the science of organization.   Some have given the
term a still more extended acceptation, applying
it to every mechanical decomposition, even of in-
organic bodies.  Thus, Crystallography has been
termed  the Anatomy of  crystallized minerals.
Anatomy has also been called Morphol'ogy, So-
matology, Somatot'omy, Organology, Ac.  It as-
sumes  different names according as the study is
confined to one organized  being, or to a species or
class of beings.  Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'-
omy, or Anthropog1raphy, or Anthroposomatol'ogy,
is the Anatomy of man:—Zootomy, that of the other
species of the animal kingdom : and Vet'erinary
Anat'omy is  the  anatomy  of domestic animals:
but when the word is used abstractly, it means
human Anatomy, and particularly the study of
the organs  in  a physiological or healthy state.
Physiological Anatomy is  occasionally used to
signify  the  kind of anatomy which investigates
structure with a  special view  to  function.   The
Anatomy of  the  diseased  human body  is called
Patholog"ical or Morbid Anatomy, and when ap-
plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sie Anat-
omy.   Several of the organs possessing a simi-
larity of structure, and being formed of the same
tissues, they have been grouped into  Systems or
Genera of Organs ; and the study of, or acquaint-
ance with, such systems, has been called General
Anat'omy, Histology, or Murphot'omy, whilst the
study of each organ in particular has been termed
Bescriptive Anatamy. Histology is, however,more
frequently applied to the Anatomy of the Tissues,
which  is called, also, Tex'tural and Microscopic
Anatomy.   Descriptive Anatomy has been  di-
vided into Skeletol'ogy which comprises Oatcol'-
ogy,  and Syndeamol'ogy;  and  into  Sarcol'ogy,
which is subdivided into Myol'ogy, Neurol'ogy,
Angiol'ogy, Adenol'ogy, Splanchnology, andDer-
mol'ogy.  Sur'gical Anat'omy, Medico-Chiurgical
Anatomy,  Topograph'ical Anat'omy, Re'gional
Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chiurgicale, A. dea Re~
giona, is the particular and relative study of the
bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, Ac,  with which
it is indispensable to  be  acquainted  before per-
forming operations.  Comparative Anat'omy is
the comparative study of each organ, with a view
to an acquaintance with the modifications of its
structure in different animals or in the different
classes of animals.  Transcendent'al or Philosoph''-
ical  Anatomy  inquires into the mode, plan, or
model upon which the animal  frame or organs
are formed; and Artificial Anat'omy is the art
of modelling and  representing  in  wax or other
substance, the different organs or different parts
of the human body, in the sound or diseased state.
Phytot'omy  is the  anatomy of vegetables,  and
Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus-
trated.
  Anatomy, Artificial, see Anatomy—a. Com-
parative, see Anatomy, Zootomy—a. Descriptive,
see Anatomy—a. Forensic, see Anatomy—a. Ge-
neral, see Anatomy—a. Human, see  Anatomy—
a. of Man, see Anatomy—a. Medico-chirurgical,
see Anatomy—a.  Microscopic, see Anatomy—a.
Morbid, see Anatomy—a. Pathological, see Anat-
omy—a. Philosophical, see Anatomy—a. Physi-
ological, see Anatomy—a. Pictorial, see Anatomy
—a. Practical, see Dissection—a.  Regional, see
Anatomy — a.  Surgical, see Anatomy—a.  Tex-
tural, see Anatomy—a. Topographical, see Anat-
omy—a. Transcendental, see Anatomy—a. Vet-
erinary, see Anatomy.
  ANATON, Soda.
  ANATREPSIS, Restauratio.
  ANATRESIS,  Perforation, Trepanning.
  ANATRIBE, Friction.
  ANATRIPSIS,  Friction.
  ANATRIPSOL'OGY,  Anatripsolog"ia,  Ana-
triptolog"ia, from avarpupais, ' friction/ and Xoyos,
' a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on friction as a re-
medy.
   ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology.
   ANATRON,_Natrum, Soda.
   ANAT'ROPE, from  ava, 'upwards/ and rpt-xw,
' I  turn.'    Subversion.  A turning  or subver-
sion or inverted action of  the  stomach, charac-
terized  by nausea, vomiting, Ac. —  Galen.  We
still speak of the  stomach turning  against any
thing.
   ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas.
   AXAXYRIS, Runiex acetosa.
   ANAZESIS, Ebullition.
   ANAZOTURIA, see Urine.
   ANCHA, Haunch.
   ANCHILOPS. ^Egilops.
   ANCHORALIS  PBOCESSUS,  Coracoid.
   ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A.  Officinalis
—a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis—a. Lycopsoides, A.
 Officinalis.
   Anchu'sa Officinalis, A. Angustifo'lia seu
 Incarna'ta  seu  Lycopso'i'des,  Alca'na, Linqiia
 Boris, Buglos'sum  sylves'tre, Offic"inal or Garden
 Al'kanet or Bugloss; Nat. Ord. Boragine». Sex.
 Syst.  Pentandria Monogynia.   (F.)  Buglose.
 A native of Great Britain.   The  herb was for-
 merly esteemed as a cordial  in melancholia and
 hypochondriasis;  but  it is now rarely used.  It
 is also  called Buglos'sa, Buglos'sum angustifo'-
 lium majus, B. vulga're majus, B. sati'vum.
   Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alcan'na spu'ria, Dy-
 er'a Bugloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum  Tincto'rum,
 Lithoaper'mum villo'aum, Dyer's Al'kanet, (F.)
 Orcanette.  A European plant.  The medical 
ANCHYLOSIS
72
properties are equivooal.  It is used to give a
beautiful red colour to ointments.
  ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
  ANCISTRON, Hamulus.
  AXOOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris.
  ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon.
  ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect.
  ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra.
  ANCO'NAL; from ayxuv, 'the elbow.' Relat-
ing, or appertaining to, the elbow or the olecranon.
  Anconal Aspect.  An aspect towards the side
on which the an con or  elbow is situated. — Bar-
clay.  Anco'nad is used  by the same writer ad-
verbially, to signify 'towards  the anconal aspect.'
  AXCOXE, Anconeus.
  ANCVNE'US, from ayKwv, 'the elbow.' A term
once applied to  every muscle attached to the ole-
cranon.  Winslow distinguished four :—the great,
external, internal, and small; the first three being
portions of the  same muscle,  the triceps  brachia-
lia.  The last has, alone, retained the name.  It
is the Anconc'ua minor of Winslow, the Ancone'ua
vel Cubita'lia Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon-
dylo-Cubita'lia  of Chaussier, the Brevis Cu'biti,
(F.) Ancone, and is sitnate at the upper and back
part of the fore-arm.  It arises from the external
condyle of the os  humeri, and is inserted  into
the posterior edge of  the upper third of the ulna.
Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm.
  Anconeus  Externus, see  Triceps  extensor
cubiti — a. Internus,  see  Triceps extensor cubiti
—a. Mai or, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
  ANCTE'RES.  Fibula or  Clasps, by which
the lips of wounds were  formerly kept  together.
 — Celsus, Galen.
  ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation.
  ANCU'BITUS, Petrifac'tio.  An  affection of
the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand
were  irritating  the organ.
  ANCUNNUEN'TjE.   A name formerly given
to menstruating females.
   ANCUS, Ankus, from ayxwv, 'the elbow.'  One
 who cannot extend his  arms  completely.
   Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation
 of the humerus or fore-arm. — Hippocrates.
   ANCYLE, Ankylosis.
   ANKYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon.
   ANCYLODERE, Torticollis.
   ANCYLODERIS,  Torticollis.
   ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia.
   ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia.
   ANCYLOMELE, Ankylomele.
   ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus.
   ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
   AXCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus.
   ANCYRA, Hook.
   ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity.
   ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
   ANDA.  A  tree of  Brazil;—Anda  Gome'sii,
 Ji,anne'sia princeps.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiaceas.
  Sex. Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  An  oil is
  obtained from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60
  drops of which act as a cathartic.  The fruit is
  an oval nut, containing two seeds.   These  have
  the taste of the chestnut; but are  strongly ca-
  thartic, and even emetic.   The shell  is astrin-
  gent, and is  used as  such in diarrhoea, Ac.
   ANDELY,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.   An-
  dely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues
  from Rouen.  The water is cold, and  a weak cha-
  lybeate.  It is used in chlorosis  and abdominal
  obstructions.
    AXDERSOX'S PILLS,  Pilulas Aloes et Ja-
  lapas.
    AXDIRA IBAI,  Geoffraea Vermifuga—a. In-
  ermis, Geoffrasa inermis—a. Racemosa, Geoffrasa
  inermis—a.  Surinamensis, Geoffraea Surinamensis.
    ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivum tectorum.
          ANEMONE DES BO IS

  ANDRACTINE, Arbutus uncdo, Portulaca.
  ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'omc,  Andro-
tom'ia, Androt'ome, Anthropot'ony, from  or™,
genitive avlpos,' a man/ and rtpveiv,  to cut,  lne
anatomv of man.
  ANDRI'A.  Adult age.  Manhood.
  Andri'a  Mu'lier,  Mulier Hermaphrodit tea.
A female hermaphrodite.
  ANDROGEN'IA, from avvp, 'man/ and yevais,
' generation.'  The procreation of males. — Hip-
pocrates.
  ANDROG"YNUS,  from avnp, 'a man/ and
yvvn, ' a woman.'   A  hermaphrodite.   An effe-
minate person. — Hippocrates.
  ANDROLEPSIA, Conception.
  ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA,  Sorrel  Tree,
Sour  Tree, Sour Wood,  Elk Tree, Elk Wood,
Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.) Andromedier.  A
small indigenous tree; Nat.  Ord.  Ericeas, Sex.
Syst. Decandria  Monogynia; found in  the Alle-
ghany Mountains and the hills  and valleys di-
verging from them, as far as the southern  limits
of Georgia and  Alabama; but  seldom  north  of
Virginia.   The leaves are refrigerant and astrin-
gent, and have been  used to make a kind of le-
monade, which has been given in fevers.
  Androm'eda Maria'nA, Broad-leaved Moor-
wort.  A decoction of this  American plant is
said to have been successfully employed  as  a
wash, in a disagreeable affection,—not uncommon
amongst the slaves in the southern parts of the
United States,—called the Toe Itch, and Ground
Itch. — Barton.
  ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Juncus Oidoratus
—a. Citratus, Juncus odoratus— a. Citriodorus,
Juncus odoratus, Nardus Indica—a. Nardus, Ca-
lamus Alexandrinus,  Nardus Indica — a. Schoe-
nanthus, Juncus odoratus.
  ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus marinus — a. Mat-
thioli, Umbilicus marinus.
  ANDROSiEMUM,  Hypericum perforatum.
  ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia.
  ANDRUM.   An  East India word, latinized
by  Kasmpfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis
of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia.
  ANEANT1SSEMENT (F.),  Vir'ium extinc'-
tio.  This word is often employed hyperbolically,
by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue,
debility or syncope.
  ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria.
  ANEBUS, Impuber.
   ANECPYE'TUS, from  av, for avev,  'without/
 and -rrvtw, ' I promote suppuration.'  That which
 does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate.
   ANEGER'TICA, from aveyetpw, 'I  awaken.'
 The art of resuscitating the apparently dead.
   ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from  aveiXeodai, 'to
 be rolled upwards.'  Applied particularly to the
 motion of  air in the  intestines  and the tormina
 accompanying it. — Hippocrates.
   ANEILESIS, Aneilema.
   ANEMIA, Anaemia.
   ANEMO'NE.  The Wind Flower: from avepos,
 'the wind/ because it does not open its  flowers
 until blown upon  by  the wind.
   ANEMONE DES BOIS,  Anemone  nemo-
 rosa.
   Anemone Colltna, A. Pulsatilla—a. Hepatica,
 Hepatica triloba—a.  Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla.
    Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Ranun'culus albus seu
 nemoro'sus,  Wood anem'ony,  (F.) Anemone des
 bois.  The herb and  flowers are-poisonous, acrid,
 and corrosive.  They have  been used as rube-
 facients.
    Anemo'ne Praten'sis, A. Sylves'tris, PnlaatiV-
  la nigricans seu  praten'sis.  This plant has si- 
                 ANEMONY

milar properties with the last  It is  also called
Meadow Anemony, (F.) Pulsatille noire,  P. des
pres.
  Anemo'ne Pilsatill'lA,  A. Colli'na seu In-
termedia sen Praten'sis seu Rubra,  Pulsatilla
vulga'ris, Hcrba  ventis, Nola culina'ria, Pasque
flower, (F.) Coquelourde, possesses like proper-
tics.
  Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis—a. Rue-leaved,
Thalictrum anemonoides—a. Sylvestris, A. Pra-
tensis.
  ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow,
Anemone pratensis—a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa.
  AN MM OS, Wind.
  ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus.
  A XEXCEPHALO TR OP HIE, from av, priva-
tive;  cyxctyaXos, 'the encephalon/ and rpoQn, 'nou-
rishment.'  Atrophy of the encephalon.
  ANENCEPH'ALUS,  from a, privative, and
tyxeipaXos, ' brain.'  A monster devoid of brain.
— Bonetus.  G. St. Hilaire.  Also one that has
a part only of the brain; — Paraceph'alus.  The
condition has been called Anencephal'ia. A weak,
silly person. — Hippocrates.
  ANENERGESIA, Debility.
  ANENERGIA, Debility.
  ANENTERONERVIA,  Colic
  ANEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia.
  ANEPITHYM'IA, from a, priv., and ciriSvpia,
'desire.'  Many nosologists have used this word
for  a loss of the appetites, as of those Of hunger,
thirst, venery, Ac.
  Anrpitiiymia Chlorosis,  Chlorosis.
  ANER, avrip, genitive avlpos-  A man.
  ANERETHIS'IA, Inirritabil'itaa,from a, priv.,
and epeOivis, ' irritability.'  Defect of  irritability.
■—Swediaur.
  ANERYTHROP'SIA, from  av, priv., tpvSpos,
'red/ and oirois, 'vision.'  Defective vision, which
consists in an incapability of distinguishing red.
  ANESIS, Remission.
  AXESTHESIE, Anaesthesia,
  A XESTHJZSIE EXT A TIQ UE.   The aggre-
gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced
especially by the manipulations of  the  animal
ma gnctizer. — Andral.
  ANESTHETIC, Anassthetic.
  AXRSTHESIQUE, Anassthetic.
  ANESTHETIZATION, Anaesthetization.
  AXESON, Anethum.
  ANESUM, Pimpinella anisum.
  ANET, Anethum.
  AXETH, Anethum graveolens.
  ANE'THUM, Ane'aon, Ane'ton,  Ane'ihum Fce-
nic'ulum seu Sege'tum seu Piperi'tum,Fcenic'ulum,
F. Officinale, F. vulga're, F. Bulce, Ligus'ticum
fuenic'ulum, Fan'culum, Fennel or Finckle, Mar'-
athrum,  Anet,  Sweet Fennel,  (F.) Fenouil ou
Anis donx.  Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae.    Sex. Syat.
Pentandria  Digynia.   The  seeds Fcenic'ulum,
(Ph. U. S.) have  an aromatic odour,  and warm,
sweetish taste.   They are carminative.  The oil
— Oleum Fcenic'uli — is officinal in the Ph.U.  S.
The root is said to be pectoral and diuretic.
  Anktiium Fcenioulum, Anethum.   ,
  Ane'thum Graveolens, Anethum,  Pastina'ca
Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Grareolens, A.
hortcn'se. Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouilpuant.  A na-
tive of the south of Europe.  The seeds  are sti-
mulant and carminative.  Dose, gr. xv to £j.
  Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Bill, (F.) Huile d'Aneth,
possesses the carminative properties of the plant.
  As'KTnuM PaStinaca, Pastinaca  Sativa — a.
Piperitum, Anethum—a. Sogetum, Anethum. '
  AXETICUS, Anodyne.
  AN ETON, Anethum.
I                 ANEURISM

   ANETUS,  Intermittent fever—a. Quavtanus,
 Quartan — a.  Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia-
 nus, Tertian fever.
   ANEURAL'GICON, from a, privative, vevpov,
 'nerve ;' and aXyos, 'pain.' A name given by Dr.
 C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to
 allay pain in  nerves.  It is a kind of fumigating
 apparatus,  in which dried narcotic and other
 herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed
 to any part of the body.
   AN'EURISM, Aneurys'ma, Aneurys'mua, An cu-
 ria'ma, Cedma, from avcvpweiv, 'to  dilate or dis-
 tend.'   Bilata'tio Arteria'rum, Ecta'sia, Embo-
 rys'ma, Exangi'a aneuris'ma, Artcrieurys'ma, Ar-
 tereurys'ma,  Hamatoce'le arterio'sa,  Absces'sus
 apirituo'aus, Arteriec'tasis, (F.) Anevrysme, Ancu-
 risme.  Properly, Aneurism signifies 3  tumour,
 produced by the dilatation of an artery; but it has
 been extended  to various lesions of arteries, as
 well as to dilatations of the heart.
   There are various kinds of aneurism.  The fol-
 lowing are the chief.
   I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is
 enclosed  within the dilated  coats of the artery.
 This is the true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum,
 Hernia Arteria'rum., (F.) Anevrysme vrai.
   II.  When  the  blood has escaped from  the
 opened artery,  it is called spurious or false
 Aneurism, Aneuria'ma spu'rimn, Ruptu'ra Arte'-
 ria, Arteriorrhex'ia,  Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'-
 ma arterio'sum,  (F.) Anevrysme faux.  The latter
 is divided into three varieties.
   1. Biffused False Aneurism,  (F.) Anevrysme
 faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par infil-
 tration, which occurs immediately after the divi-
 sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an
 extravasation of blood into the areolar texture
 of the part.
   2. Circumscribed  False  Aneurism,  (F.) Anev-
 rysme, faux consecutifj^tirconscrit ou par tpanche-
 ment, enkyste ou sacciforme, tumeur hemorrhagiale
 circonscrite, in which the blood  issues from the
 vessel some time after the receipt of the wound,
 and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar
 membrane.
   3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, or Var'icose An'-
 eurism, PhlebarteriodiaVysis, Aneurys'ma veno'-
 so-arterio'sum, A. varico'sum, (F.) Anevrysme par
 anastomose  ou variqueux,  A. par erosion, A. de
 Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, which arises from
 the  simultaneous wounding of an artery and
 vein;—the arterial blood passing into the vein,
 and  producing a varicose state  of it.
   III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme mixte,
is that which  arises from the dilatation of one or
two of the coats, with division or rupture of the
other.   Some authors have made  two varieties
of this.
   1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal
and  middle coats  are ruptured, and the areolar
is dilated.
   2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the  in-
ternal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial
sac,  through the ruptured middle and outer coat*.
This variety  has been called Aneurys'ma Her'-
niam Arte'ria sistens.
   Aneurisms  have been  likewise termed tran.
mat'ic and  sponta'neous, according as  they may
have been caused by a wound, or have originated
spontaneously.  They have  also been  divided
into  internal and external.
   The internal aneurisms  are situate in the great
splanchnic cavities, and  occur  in the heart  and
great vessels of the  chest, abdomen, Ac.  Their
diagnosis is difficult, and they are often inacces-
sible to surgical  treatment.
   The external aneurisms  are situate at the exte-
7. 
AXEURISMA
74
ANGEIORRHffiA
rior of the head, neck, and  limbs, and are dis-
tinctly pulsatory.
  Aneurisms,  especially  the internal, may be
combated  by a debilitant treatment, on the plan
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood-
letting, with food enough merely to support life.
In external aneurism, the artery can  be oblite-
rated.  This is usually done by applying a liga-
ture above the aneurismal tumour.
  Aneurism, Dissecting, is  one in which, owing
to rupture of the inner and  middle coats of an
artery, the blood niakes itself a channel between
these  coats and the outer coat.
  In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in
a separation of the laminas  of the middle coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel.
  Aneurisms  of the Heart, Cardion'chi, Car-
dieurys'ma, (F.) Anivrysmes du cceur, have been
divided into active and passive.   The former can
scarcely be esteemed aneurisms,  as  they most
commonly consist of increased thickness of the
parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity
instead of increasing it.  The term Hypertrophy
of the heart,  better  indicates their  character.
Passive uneurism,  Cardiec'taaia, on the contrary,
is attended with extenuation of the  parietes of
the organ, and enlargement  of the  cavities.   The
physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the
following :—The action of the heart is not visible,
and  no impulse is conveyed to the hand.  On
percussion, there is  a  loss of resonance over a
larger surface  than usual, but the dulness is much
less intense than that which accompanies hyper-
trophy.  On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightly  felt, and communicates at once
the impression  of its  diminished  power.   The
impulse is feebler  than usual.  Both sounds are
widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not
much fainter  at a distance  from their point of
origin.                _ ^
   Partial or true aneurism of the  heart—Cardi-
ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consecuti'vum  cor-
dis, is sometimes seen,—rarely, however.
   The name Aneurism, of the Valves of the heart
has been  given  to pouch-like projections of the
valves into the auricles.
   Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism —
a. Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor—a.  Ex-
ternal, see Aneurism—a. False, see Aneurism —
a. False, circumscribed; see Aneurism — a. False,
diffused, see Aneurism—a. Internal, see Aneurism
—a. Mixed, see Aneurism—a. Mixed, external, see
Aneurism—a.  Mixed, internal, see  Aneurism—a.
Spontaneous,  see Aneurism — a.  Spurious, see
Aneurism—a.  Traumatic, see Aneurism—a. True,
see Aneurism—a. Valsalva's method of treating,
see Aneurism—a. Varicose, see Aneurism.
   ANEURISMA, Aneurism.
   ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'ic,
Aneurysmal icus, Aneurisma'lis.  That which be-
longs to Aneurism.
   Aneurismal  Sac or  Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste
anevrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the
dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood, forming  the aneurismal tumour, is con-
tained.
   ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal.
   ANEURYSM, Aneurism.
   AXEURYSMA, Aneurism—a. Cordis activum,
Heart, hypertrophy of the—a. Herniam arterias
sistens, see Aneurism—a. Spurium, see Aneurism
—a. Varicosum, see Aneurism—a. Venoso-arte-
riosum, see Aneurism—a. Verum,  see Aneurism
   AXEURYSME, Aneurism.
   AXEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation.
   AXEVRYSME,   Aneurism — a. de  I'Aorte,
Aorteurysma—a. Circonscrit, see Aneurism__a.
de Pott, see Aneurism—a. des Plus petitea arterea,
see Aneurism —a. Biff us, seo Anounsm —a. En-
kyate, see  Aneurism —a. Faux, see Aneurism —
a. Faux consecutif, see Aneurism —a. Mtxte, see
Aneurism—a. par Anastomose, see Aneurism—a.
par Epanchement, see Aneurism—a. }>ar Erosion,
see Aneurism —a. piar Infiltration, see Aneurism
a. Primitif, see  Aneurism — a. Sacciforme,  see
Aneurism—a. Variqueux, see Aneurism—a. Vrai,
see Aneurism.
   ANFION, Masl.aeh.
   AXFRACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An-
fractuosities, cerebral—a. Ethmo'idalee,  see An-
fractuosity.
   ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tua, Gyrus, from
am,  'around/ and frangere, fractum, 'to break.'
A groove  or furrow.  Used in anatomy to signify
sinuous depressions or  sulci, of  greater or  less
depth, like those which separate the convolutions
of the brain from each other.   These
   Anfractuosities, Cerebral, Anfrac'tus Cer-
ebri, Gyri  Cer'ebri, Intestin'ula  Cer'ebri,  (F.)
Anfractuosites Cerebrates, are always narrow, and
deeper at the  upper surface of the brain than at
its base;  and are  lined by a prolongation of the
pia mater.
   The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An-
fractuosites ethmo'idales.
   ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity—a. Cerebri, An-
fractuosities (cerebral.)
   ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIAL, Vascular.
   ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiography,  Angeio-
graph'ia,  from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and ypatyi), 'a
description.'  The  anatomy of the vessels.
   ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,   Avgiohydrog'-
raphy, Angeiondrog'raphy, Angeiohydrogra'phia,
Hydrangiograph'ia,from ayyeiov, 'a vessel/ 'vlwp,
' water/ and ypaipw, ' I describe.'  A treatise on
the lymphatics.
   ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,   Angiohydrot'omy,
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  Hydran-
giotom'ia, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel/ 'vlwp, 'water/
and repetv,' to cut.'   Dissection of the lymphatics.
   ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS,   Angioleuci'tis,  Lym-
phangei'tia, Lymphangi'tia, Lympihangioi'tis, Hy-
drangei'tis, Lymphi'tia, Lymphati'tis, Inflamma'-
tio  vaso'rum  lymphatico'rum, from  ayyeiov, 'a
vessel/ Xcvkos,  'white/ and itis, inflammation.
(F.) Inflammation des vaisseaux lymphatiquea ou
dea tiaaua blanca.  Inflammation  of the  lympha-
tics : lymphatic or  scrofulous inflammation.
   ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angeiolog" ia,
from ayyeiov, 'a vessel/ and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
A discourse on the vessels.   The anatomy of the
vessels.   It includes Arteriol'ogy,  Phlebol'ogy,
and AngeiohydroVogy.
   ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia;  from
ayyeiov, '  a vessel/ and paXaxia, 'softening.'  Mol-
lescence or softening of vessels.
   ANGEIOMYCES, Hasmatodes fungus.
   ANGEION, Vessel.
   ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-

   ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
   ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
   ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
   ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a, Angeion'-
08U8, Angeionu'sus, Angio'sis, from  ayyeiov, 'a
vessel/ and -naBos,  'a  disease.'   Disease of the
vessels.
   ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
   ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha.
   ANGEIORRHAG1A, Hasmorrhagia activa
   ANGEIORRIIffi'A,  (F.) AngeiorrUe;  from 
ANGEIOSIS
75
ANGINA
•yytiov, 'a vessel/ and  pew, 'I flow.'  Passive
hemorrhage.
  ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis.
  AXG E10STEGN 0SIS, Angiemphraxis.
  ANUEIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis.
  ANCEIOSTEO'SIS, Angiosto'sis, from ayyeiov,
'a vessel/ and uanwois,  'ossification.'  Ossifica-
tion of vessels.
  ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see Torsion.
  ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
  AXGEIOT'OMY,  Angiot'omy,  Angeiotom'ia,
from  ayyeiov,  'a vessel/ and repveiv,  'to cut'
Dissection of vessels.
   AXGEI'TIS, Angiitis, Angioi'tis, Inflamma'-
tio vaso'rum, (F.) Angeite.  Inflammation of ves-
sels in general.
   ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida.
   ANGEL'ICA,   Angelica  Archangel'ica  seu
Hispa'na seu Sati'va, Archangel ica ojficina'lis,
 Garden Angelica, (F.) Angeiique, Racine de Saint
 Esprit.  So called from  its  supposed angelic vir-
 tues.  Nat. Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria Digynia.  Native of Lapland. The roots,
 stalk, leaves, and seed, are  aromatic and carmi-
 native.  A sweetmeat is made of the root,  which
 is agreeable.
   Angelica Archangelica, Angelica.
   Angel'ica  Atropurpu'rea,  Angelica  (Ph.
 U. S.) Maaterwort. An indigenous species, grow-
 ing over the whole United  States, and admitted
 into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of
 the United  States.   Virtues, same as those of
 the Angelica of Europe.
   Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum leyisticum.
   Angelica  Lu'cida,   Angelic root,  Bellyache
 root, Nendo,  White root,  an  indigenous plant, the
 root of  which  is  bitterish, subacrid,  fragrant,
 aromatic, stomachic, and tonic.
   Angelica Officinalis, Imperatoria—a. Palu-
 dapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum—a. Sativa, An-
 gelica, A. sylvestris.
   Angel'ica Sylves'tris, A. aati'va, Seli'num
 Sylves'tre seu Angel'ica seu Pubes'cens, Impera-
 to'ria Sylres'tres seu Angelica, Wild Angel'ica,
 (F.) Angeiique sauvage.  Possesses similar  pro-
 perties to the last, but in an inferior degree.  The
 seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used
 to destroy lice.
   Angelica Sylvestris, Ligusticum podagraria
 —a. Tree, Aralia spinosa.
   ANGELI'N^E  CORTEX.    The  bark  of a
 Grenada tree, which has been recommended as
 anthelmintic and cathartic.
   AXGELIQUE, Angelica,—a. Sauvage, Angel-
 ica sylvestris.
   ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus.
   ANGEMPHRAXIS,  Angiemphraxis.
   AXGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia.
   ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Hasmatodes fungus.
   ANGIECTASIA VEXOSA, Varix
   ANGIECTASIS, Angeiecta'sia,  Angecta'sia,
 Angieurys'ma,  Angeiecto'ma,  from  ayyeiov, 'a
 vessel,' and  eKraais, 'dilatation.'   Any  dilatation
 of vessels.—Gr'afe and Alibert.   Telangiectasia.
   AXGIEMPHRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei-
 osteno'sia, Angeiostegno'sis, from ayyeiov, ' a ves-
 sel/ and epfpa^is, ' obstruction.'  Obstruction of
 vessels.
   AN(HIEURYSMA, Angiectasis.
   AXGllTE, Inflammation,  Angeitis.
   AXGIITIS, Angeitis.
   AXGI'XA, Febria Angino'aa, Isthmi'tia, Quin-
 sy or .Sore Throat; from  angere,  'to  suffocate.'
 Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion
 of the alimentary canal, and of the air passages.
 Tho Latin writers applied  the term to  every dis-
 ease  in which deglutition  or respiration, sepa-
 rately or united, was affected, provided that such
affection  was above  the stomach  and lungs.—
BoerhaaVe speaks of the angina of the moribund,
which is nothing more than  the  dysphagia or
difficult deglutition preceding death.   See Cy-
nanche.
  Angina Aphthosa, Aphthae—a.  Aquosa, Gide-
ma of the glottis—a. Bronchialis, Bronchitis—a.
Canina, Cynanche trachealis — a. Cordis, Angina
pectoris—a. cum Tumore, Cynanche tonsillaris—
a. Epidemica, Cynanche maligna — a. Epiglot-
tidea, Epiglottitis—a. Erysipelatosa, Erylhranche
a. Exudatoria, Cynanche trachealis—a. Externa,
Cynanche parotidaea—a. Faucium, Isthmitis—a.
Faucium Maligna, Cynanche maligna — a. Folli-
culosa of the pharynx, Pharyngitis, follicular—a.
Gangraenosa, Cynanche maligna—a.  Humida,
Cynanche trachealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynan-
che, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngea, Laryn-
gitis— a. Laryngea QSdematosa, Oedema of the
glottis—a.  Linguaria, Glossitis—a. Maligna, An-
gina pellicularis, Cynanche maligna, Pharyngitis,
diphtheritic—a. Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidaea
— a. Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.
Mitis, Isthmitis.
   Angi'na  Nasa'lis,  Nasi'tis posti'ca.  An in-
flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei-
derian membrane lining the nose.  Also, Coryza.
   Angi'na  GSdemato'sa,  (F.) Angine  cedema-
teuse, (Edeme de la Glotte.  An cadematous swell-
ing of the glottis ; the effect of chronic cynanche
laryngea.   See ffidema of the Glottis.
   Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis—a. Paralytica,
Pharyngoplegia-^a. Parotidaea Externa, Cynan-
che parotidaea.
   Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A. cordis,  Sternalgia,
Asthma spaa'tico-arthrit'icum incon'atana, Asthma
diaphragmat'icum,  Arthritis   diaphragmatica,
 Orthopnce'a cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia  syncop'tica
et pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Cardiog'mus  cordis
ainia'tri, Astheni'a pectora'lis, Angorpec'toria,
Stenocar'dia, Biaphragmalic gout. Asthma con-
vulsi'vum, Asthma arihrilicum, Cardioneuralgia,
Ncarul'gia  brachiothorac"ica, Hyperasthe'sia
plexus cardi'aci, A. dolorif icum, Syn'cope angi-
no'sa seu angens, Cardiod'yne s2>asmod'ica inter-
mit'tens,  Pnigopho'bia, Prunella,   Suspir'ium
 cardi'acum, Pneumonalgia,  Suffocative Breast-
 pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Nevrose du Coeur.
 A disease, the precise pathology of  which is not
 known.  The principal symptoms  are,  violent
pain about the  sternum, extending  towards the
 arms; anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and sense of suffoca-
tion.  It is  an affection of great  danger, and is
 often connected with ossification, or other morbid
 condition of the heart.  It appears  to be neuropa-
 thic, and has been .termed Neuralgia of the Heart.
 Some, however,  employ this  last term for an
 acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart,
 which seems to differ from angina pectoris more
 in regard to the small -number of parts which are
 drawn into morbid consent with the affected car-
 diac nerves, than in regard either to its nature
 or appropriate  treatment.   The most powerful
 stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics  are re-
 quired during the paroxysm.                 ,
   Angi'na Pellicula'ris, A. malig'na, Bipthei-
 ri'tis of the throat.  A name given  to those in-
 flammations about the  throat, in  which  exuda-
 tions or false membranes are thrown out, during
 the phlogosis of the mucous membranes.  Aphtha,
 Tracheitis, when accompanied with the membra-
 niform exudation, are,  with  some,  examples of
 diphtheritic inflammation.
   Angina Perniciosa, Cynanche trachealis—a,
 Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic—a. Poly-
 posa, Cynanche trachealis—a. Polyposa seu mem-
 branacea,  Cynanche trachealis—a. Pseudo-mem-
 branosa, Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic—a. Pulposa, 
ANGINE GUTTURALE          76                 ANGULAR
 Cynanche trachealis—a. Sanguinea, Cynanche
 tonsillaris.
   Angina Sicca. (F.) Angine s&che, is a chronic
 inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing
 sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of
 the stomach and lungs.  See Pasdanchone.
   Angina Simplex, Isthmitis.
   Angina Squiruo'sa,  (F.) Angine  squirrcuse,
 consists in difficulty of deglutition,  caused by
 scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx or oeso-
 phagus, or by enlarged tonsils.
   Angina Strangulatoria, Cynanche trache-
 alis—a. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis—a.  Suf-'
 focatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a.  Synochalis,
 Cynanche tonsillaris—a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis
 —a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Tra-
 chealis, Cynanche  trachealis—a.  Ulcerosa,  Cy-
 nanche maligna — a.  Uvularis,  Staphylcedema,
 Uvulitis — a. Vera et  Legitima, Cynanche  ton-
 sillaris
   AXGIXE GUTTURALE, Cynanche tonsil-
 laris— a. Laryngee, Laryngitis — a. Laryngee et
 tracheale, Cynanche trachealis—a. Laryngee ade-
 mateuse, OEdema of the glottis—a. (Esophagienne,
 Oesophagitis—a. Pharyngee, Cynanche parotidaea
 —a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris—a.  Seche,  An-
 gina sicca—a. Simple,  Isthmitis—a. Squirreuse,
 Angina Squirrosa—a. Tonsillaire, Cynanche ton-
 sillaris.
   ANGINEUX, Anginosa.
   ANGINO'SA, (F.) Angineux.   That which is
 accompanied with angina; as Scarlatina angi-
 no'sa.
   ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from ayyeiov,  'a vessel/
 and carditis, 'inflammation of the heart.'  In-
 flammation of the heart and great vessels.
   ANGIOGRAPHY, Angeiography.
   AXCIOHEMIE, Hyperasmia.
   ANGI0HYDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra-
 phy.
   ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
   ANGIOITIS,  Angeitis.
   ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis.
   ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology.
   ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia.
   ANGIOMYCES, Hasmatodes fungus.
   ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
   ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
   ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia.
   ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora.
   ANGIOPYRA, Synocha.
   AXGIO'SIS, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel.'  Angeio'-
 tia, Angeiopathi'a.  Under this term  Alibert in-
 cludes every disease of the blood vessels.
   AXGIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
   AXGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
   AXGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis.
   ANGIOSTROPHE, See Torsion.
   ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
   ANGIOTEN'IC,  Angeioten'ic,  Angioten'icua
 seu Angeioten'icua, from  ayyeiov, ' a vessel/and
 reivetv, ' to extend.'  An epithet given  to inflam-
 matory  fever, owing to its action  seeming to be
 chiefly exerted on the vascular system.
 ^ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy.
 ♦'ANGLE,  An'gulua, from  ayxvXos,  'a hook.'
 The  space between two  lines which meet in a
point.
  Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out by Camper, is
formed  by the union of two lines, one of which
is  drawn from the most  prominent part of the
forehead to the  alveolar  edge of the upper jaw,
opposite the incisor teeth — the facial line — and
the other from the meatus auditorius externus to
the same  point  of the  jaw.  According  to the
size of the angle  it has been attempted to appre-
ciate the respective proportions of the cranium
ana face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of
 intelligence  of individuals  and of animals.   In
 the white varieties of the species, this angle is
 generally 80°; in the negro not more than 70°,
 and  sometimes only 65°.  As wo descend  the
 scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less;
 until, in  fishes, it nearly or entirely  disappears.
 Animals  which have the snout long, and facial
 angle small, such  as the snipe, crane, stork, Ac,
 are proverbially  foolish, at  least they  are  so
 esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those
 in which  the angle is more  largely developed, as
 the elephant and the owl.  In these last animals,
 however, the large facial angle is caused  by  the
 size of the frontal'sinuses :—so that this mode of
 appreciating the size of the  brain is very inexact,
 and cannot be depended upon.
   The following is a table  of the angle in man
 and certain animals:
               FACIAL ANGLES.
   Man....................from 68° to 88° and more,
   Sa pajou..................................     (i.5
   Orang-Utang.............................5G to 58
   Guenon...................................     57
   Mandrill..................................30 to 42
   Coati.....................................     28
   Pole-cat..................................     31
   Pug-dog..................................     35
   Mastifi"...................................     41
   Hare .. -...................................     ;to
   Ram.....................................     30
   Horse....................................     23
   Angle, Occipital, of Daubenton, is formed
 by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the
 foramen magnum  to  the inferior margin  of the
 orbit,  and another drawn from the top of the
 head to the space between the occipital condyles.
 In man, these  condyles, as  well as the foramen
 magnum,  are so situate, that a line drawn per-
 pendicular to them would be a continuation  of
 the spine; but in  animals they are placed more
 or less obliquely; and the perpendicular is neces-
 sarily thrown farther forward, and the angle ren-
 dered more acute.
   Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle  optique, is the angle
 formed by two lines, which shave the extremities
 of an object,  and meet at the centre of the  pupil.
   ANGOISSE, Angor.
   ANGOLAM.  A very tall  Malabar tree,  which
 possesses vermifuge properties.
   AN'GONE, Prafoca'tio Fau'cium seu Uteri'na
 seu Matri'cis, Strangula'tio uteri'na,  Suffoca'tii
 uteri'na seu  hyster'ica,  Globua  hystericus, Or-
 thoptics'a hyster'ica, Byspha'gia globo'sa, B. hya-
 ter'ica, Nervoua Quinsy.  A feeling of strangu-
 lation, with dread  of suffocation.   It is common
 in hysterical  females,  and is accompanied with a
 sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to
 the throat.
  ANGOR, Anguish, (F.)  Angoisse.   Extreme
 anxiety, accompanied with  painful constriction
 at the epigastrium, and often  with  palpitation
 and oppression. It is frequently an  unfavour-
 able symptom.
  Angor,  Agony, Orthopnoea—a. Faucium, Isth-
 mitis—a. Pectoris,  Angina pectoris.
  ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel.
  ANGOURION, Cucumis sativus.
  ANGUIS, Serpent.
  ANGUISH, Angor.
  Anguish, Febrile, Angor Febri'lia.  The com-
bination of weariness, pain,  anxiety, and weak-
ness affecting the head and neck, which is so ge-
ner?l£r^Sered at tbe commencement of  fever.
  ANGULAIRE DE L'OMOPLATE, Levator
scapulae.

  A,N',G,1t^A?'  An9ula'™,  from  angulna, 'an
angle,  (F.) Angvlaire.   That which  relates  to
an angle.
  Angular Artery and Veiit.  a name given, 
ANGULARIS
77
ANIMAL
1.  to  the termination of the facial artery and
vein, because they  pass by the  greater angle of
the eye;  and, 2. to  the  facial  artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the  angle
of the jaw.  Sue Facial.
  Angular Nkrve is a  filament  furnished  by
the inferior maxillary, which passes near the
greater angle of the eye.
  Angular Processes of the frontal bone are
sealed near the angles of the eyes.   See  Orbitar.
  ANGULARIS, Levator scapulae.^
  ANGULI- S CAPUL 0 - HUMERAL,  Teres
major.
  AXGULUS OCULARIS, Canthus.
  ANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus.
  AXGUSTATIO,  Arctatio—a. Cordis, Systole—
a. Intestini recti vel ani, Stricture of the rectum.
  AXGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria.  Anx-
iety, narrowness, strait, constriction.
  Angustia Abdominalis,  Pelvis, (Brim) — a.
Porinaealis, Pelvis, (Outlet.)
   ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia febrifnga—a.  False,
Brucea antidysenterica, and  Strychnos  nux vo-
mica— a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica, and
Strychnos.
   AXGUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen-
terica— a. Ferrugineuse,  Brucea antidysenterica
—a.  Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga.
   ANIIiEMATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anaemia.
   ANIL-EM I A, Anaemia.
   AXIIAP1IIA,  Anaphia.
   ANIIELA'TIO,  from anhelo, 'I pant'  An-
liel'itus, Ans'mus, Panting, Anhelation,  (F.) Es-
sonfflement.  Short and  rapid  breathing.  See
Dyspnoea.
   Anhelatin is  sometimes  employed  synony-
mously with asthma.
   AN1IELITUS, Breath.
   AXHIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 'iaros,
'organic texture/ 'Anorganic'  Amor'phus.  The
tunica  decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau  the
anhistous membrane.
   AXHUIBA, Laurus sassafras.
   AXHYDR.E'MIA, Anamyd'ria, from av, pri-
vative, vlwp, ' water,' and 'aipa, ' blood.'   A con-
dition of the blood in which there is a diminution
in the quantity of  the serum.
   AXICE'TON, Anice'tum,  Jlcsia'mum, from a,
privative,  and  vixn, 'victory/ 'invincible.'  A
plaster much extolled by the ancients  in cases
of achores.  It was  formed of  litharge, cerusse,
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and  oil.
   ANI'DEUS,  from av, privative, and eilos,
'shape.'  Amorphua.  A monster devoid of shape.
—J.  G. St. IIilaire.
   ANIDRO'SIS, from a, privative, and  'ilpws,
'sweat'   Sudo'ria nul'litaa vel priva'tio.  Ab-
sence of  sweat  Deficiency of perspiration.—
Hippocrates.
   ANILE MA, Borborygmus, Tormina.
   ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina.
   ANILITAS, see Dementia. .
   AN'IMA, An'imua, Mena, Payche.  The mind,
breath, Ac, from avepo$, 'wind  or breath.'  (F.)
Amc.  The principle of the intellectual and moral
manifestations.  Also, the principle of life :—the
life  of plants  being termed An'ima vegetatlva,
(F.) Ante vegetative ; that of man, An'ima eenai-
ti'ra, (F.) A me sensitive.
   The Anima of Stahl, A n't ma  Stahlia'na, was a
fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed
to preside over the phenomena  of life,—like the
Archaus of Van Helmont
   Under the term Anima mundi, the ancient phi-
losophers  meant a universal Spirit, which they
supposed  spread over every part of  the uni-
verse.
  The precise seat of the mind in the brain has
given rise to many speculations.  The point is
unsettled.
  With  the  ancient chemists, Anima meant the
active principle of a  drug separated by some
chemical management.
  Anima Aloes : see Aloes, Succotorina—a. Ar-
ticulorum, Hermodactylus—a. Hepatis, Ferri sul-
phas—a. Pulmonum, Crocus —a. Rhei, Infusum
rhei—a. Stahliana, see Anima—a. Vegetativa,
Plastic force.
  ANTMAL, Zodn.  A name given to every ani-
mated being.   The greater part of animals have
the power of locomotion;  some  can  merely exe-
cute partial  movements, such  as contraction and
dilatation.   In other respects  it is often a matter
of difficulty  to determine  what  is  an  animal
characteristic.  The  study of animals is called
Zoology.
  An'imal,  (adjective,) Anima'lis.   That which
concerns, or  belongs to, an animal.
  Animal Heat,  Color anima'lis,  G. nati'ius,
Cal'idum anima'le,  0. inna'tum,  Biolych'nion,
Flam'mula vita'lis, Thermaem'phytum, Thermum
em'phytum,  Ignis  anima'lis  seu natura'lis  seu
vita'lis, (F.)  Chaleur animate, is the caloric con-
stantly  formed by the body  of a living animal,
by virtue of  which it preserves nearly the same
temperature, whatever may be that of the me-
dium in which it is placed.  This  formation
seems to take place over the whole of the body,
and to be connected with the  action of nutrition.
  The following are the natural temperatures of
certain  animals; that of man being 98° or 100°.
Temperatures.
      107
105

104
103
      Animals.
 Arctic Fox........................
 Arctic Wolf.......................
 Squirrel...........................
 H are..............................
 Whale............................
 Arctomyscitillus, zizil — in summer
        Do.         when torpid,.........  80 to 84
 Goat......................................    JM
 Bat, in summer..........................I    jq2
 Musk...................................)
 Marmota bobaC—Bobac....................101 or 102
 House mouse..............................    101
 Arctomys marmota, marmot,—in summer,.. 101 or 102
        Do.        when torpid...........    43
 Rabbit....................................100 to 104
 Polar Bear................................    i0°
 Dog,....................................1
 Qaj         ..........................|
 Swine,'.'.'.'.'.".............................  > 100 to 103
 Sheep...................................I
 Ox..............................
 Guinea-pig,.....................
 Arctomys glis,.............................
 Shrew,....................................
 Young wolf,..............................
 Fringilla arctica, Arctic finch,............/
 Ruhecola, redbreast.....................i
 Fringilla linaria, lesser red poll.............110 or 111
 Falcri palumharius, goshawk..............)
 Caprimulgus  Europams,  European goat- V    100
  sucker,................................)
 Emberiza nivalis, snow-bunting,...........109 to 110
 Falco lanarius, lanner,...................")
 Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch,.....
 Corvus corax, raven.............
 Turdus, tkrush,  (of Ceylon,).....
 Tetrao perdix, partridge.........
 Anas clj peata, shoveler,..........
 Tringa pngnax, ruffe,....................  I
 Scolopax, limosa, lesser godicit,..........|
 Tetrao tetrix, grouse,....................(
 Fringilla brumalis, winterfinch,...........{
 Loxia pyrrhula,.........................
 Falco nisus,:vparrowhawk.................  |
 Vultur barhatus,.........................J
 A user pulchricollis,......................\
 Colymbus auritus, dusky grebe,...........I
 Tringa  vanellus, lapwing, wounded.......  [
 Tetrao lagopus. ptarmigan...............J
! Fringilla domesticu, house sparroui,........107 to 111
100 to 102
  99
  98
  9ti
  111
109
108
107 
AXIMALCULA SEMIXALIA        78                AXKYLOSIS
     Anim\ls.
Strix passenna, little owl,.....
11 aematotius ostralegus, sea-pie,.
Anas penelope, widgeon,.......
Anas strepera, gadmall,........
Pelecanns cnrbo,...............
Falco ossifragtis, sea-eagle......
Fulica atra, coot,..............
Arias acuta, pintail-duck.......
Falco inilvus, kite, (wounded,).
Merops apiaster, bee-eater,---
Temperature.
•1
lien
Dovi
103 to 107
Duck,...................................J
Ardca stellaris..........................)
Falco albicollis,.........................S-    103
Picus major,............................J
Cossus ligniperda,.........................  89 to 91
Shark.....................................    83
Torpedo marmorata........................    74

  Animal Kingdom, (F.) Regne Animal, com-
prises all animated beings.
  Animal Layer, see Tache embryonnaire.
  Animal Magnetism, see Magnetism,  animal.-
  ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa
—a. Spermatica, Spermatozoa.
  ANIMAL'CULE,  Animalculum;  diminutive
of animal.  A  small animal.   An  animal  well
seen only by means of the microscope.
  ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa—
a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa.
  ANIMAL'CULIST,  An'imaliat.   One who at-
tempts to explain  different physiological or pa-
thological phenomena by means of animalcules.
  AX1MALCULUM, Animalcule.
  ANIMALIST, Animalculist.
  ANIMAL'ITY, Animal'itas.   Qualities which
distinguish that which  is animated.   That which
constitutes the animal.
  ANIMALIZA'TION, Animalisa'tio.   The
transformation of the nutritive parts of food into
the living substance of the body to be nourished.
  To AN'IMATE, Anima're.  To unite  the living
principle with an organized body.   The  French
use it in the sense of,—to excite or render active;
as, an inter un vesicatoire: to excite  a  blister to
suppurate.
  ANIMATIO  FGETUS, see Quickening.
  ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sis, Anima'tio, from anima,
' the soul or mind.'   The act of animating.   The
state of being enlivened.
  Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia.
  AN'IME,  Gum  an'ime,  Amines'a, Can'camy,
Gummi  an'ime,  Can'camum.   A resin obtained
from the trunk of Hymen'aa cour'baril.  It has
been given as a cephalic and uterine.  It is not
used.   The plant is also called Cour'baril.
  ANIME, (F.)   An  epithet applied to the
countenance, when  florid, in health  or disease.
  ANIMELLvE, Parotid.
  ANIMI CASUS  SUBITUS, Syncope—a. De-
liquium, Syncope—a. Pathemata, Passions.
  AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.'  One who,
following the example of Stahl, refers  all the
phenomena of the animal economy to the soul.
  The soul, according  to Stahl, is the immediate
and intelligent agent of every movement, and of
every material  change in the body.   Stahl there-
fore concluded, that  disease  is nothing  more
than a disturbance  or disorder in the government
of the economy, or  an effort by which the soul,
attentive to  every morbific  cause, endeavours to
expel whatever may be  deranging  the habitual
order of health.  See Stahlianism.
   ANIMUS, Anima, Breath.
  AXIS, Pimpinella anisum—a. Aigre, Cuminum
Cyminum—a. de la  Chine, Illicium anisatum__a.
 Doux, Anethum—a. EtoiU, Illicium anisatum.
  ANISA'TUM,  from Anisum, 'Anise.'  A sort
of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey,
wine of Asealon, and aniseed.
  ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi.
  ANISCHURIA, Enuresis.
  ANISE, Pimpinella  anisum—a. Star, Tllicium
anisatum, I. Floridanum—a.  Tree,  Florida, Illi-
cium Floridanum—a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi-
cium anisatum.
  ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum.
  ANISl SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum.
  ANISO'DUS  LU'RIDUS,  Niean'dra, anom'-
ala, Phy'salis stramo'nium, Whit/e'ya stramo'ni-
folia  A plant  of Nepal,  possessed of narcotic
properties, and  resembling belladonna and to-
bacco.  It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis-
eases of  the eye like belladonna.   It is given  in
alcoholic tincture (dried  leaves  ^j.  to alcohol
f 5viij).  Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours.
  ANISOPHYLLUM  IPECACUANHA, Eu-
phorbia Ipecacuanha.
  ANISOS'THENES, Inaqua'li  rob'ore pollens.
That which is unequal  in strength : from a, priv.,
icos, ' equal/ and oSevos, ' strength.'  An epithet
applied particularly to the muscular contractility
which, in  the sick, is sometimes augmented in
certain muscles only,—in the flexors, for example.
  ANISOT'ACHYS, from a,  priv., mos, ' equal,'
and ra^vs, ' quick.'  An epithet for the  pulse,
when quick and unequal—Gorraeus.
  ANISUM,  Pimpinella anisum—a. Africanum
frutescens, Bubon Galbanum—a. Fruticosum gal-
baniferum, Bubon galbanum—a.  Officinale, Pim-
pinella anisum—a. Sinense, Illicium anisatum —
a.  Stellatum, Illicium  anisatum — a.  Vulgare,
Pimpinella anisum.
  ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
  ANKUS, Ancus.
  AN KY LOBLEPH'ARON, Ancylobleph'aron,
 Palpebrarum coal'itua, from ayxvXn,  ' contrac-
tion/  and (iXeipapov,  'eyelid.'  A preternatural
union between  the free edges  of the eyelids.
Likewise called Symbleph'aron, Symblepharo'ais,
and Pros'physis.
  Also, union between the eyelids and globe of
the eye.—Aetius.
  ANKYLODON'TIA, from  ayKvXos, 'crooked,'
and olovs, ' a tooth.'  An irregular position of the
 teeth in the jaws.
   ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'sia, Ooncre'-
 tio lingua,  from ayxvXos,  ' crooked/  or  ' con-
tracted/ and yXwaaa, 'the tongue.'  Impeded mo-
 tion of  the tongue  in consequence of adhesion
 between its margins and the  gums; or in conse-
 quence of the shortness of the fraenum : the latter
 affection constituting Tongue-tie,  Olopho'nia lin'-
gua frana'ta.  It merely requires the fraenum to
 be  divided with a pair of scissors.
   ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankyloglos-
 sia, ' tongue-tie/ and ropn, ' incision.'  An' instru-
 ment used in the operation for tongue-tie.
   AXKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le,  from ayKiXos,
 ' crooked/ and pr,Xn, ' a probe.'   A curved probe.
 —Galen.
   ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus,
 from  ayKvXn, ' a contraction,  and pepos, ' a part'
 Morbid  adhesion between parts.
   ANKYLOPS, JEgilops.
   ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylo'sia, Anchyl.o'ais, An'-
 cyle,  Stiff Joint, from  ayKvXos, ' crooked.'  An
 affection,  in  which there is great difficulty or
 even impossibility of  moving a diarthrodial arti-
 culation.  It is so called, because  the limb com-
 monly remains  in  a  constant  state  of  flexion.
 Anchylosis is said to be complete  or  true, when
 there is an intimate adhesion between the syno-
 vial surfaces, with union of the articular extremi-
 ties of the bones.  In the  incomplete or false an-
 chylosis, there is obscure motion, but the fibrous 
ANKLOTOMUS
79
ANOMALIA
parts around the joint are more or less stiff and
thickened.   In the treaftnent of this last state,
the joint must be gently and gradually exercised;
and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em-
ployed.
  Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorum.
  A N K Y LOT'O M US, Ancylot'omua, from ayKvXos,
'crooked/  and repvetv, 'to cut'  Any kind of
curved  knife.—Paulus.  An instrument for di-
viding the  fraenum linguae.—Scultetus.
  ANXEA U, Ring—a» Crural, Crural canal—a.
Dia/dn-agiuatique, Diaphragmatic ring—a. Femo-
ral, Crural canal—a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring—a.
Onihilical, Umbilical ring.
  ANNEXFf, Accessory, Appendix.
  ANNI CRITICI, Climacterici (anni)—a. De-
crctorii,  Climacterici (anni)—a. Fatales, Climac-
terici (anni)—a. Genethliaci, Climacterici  (anni)
a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Hebdomadici,
Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Heroici,  Climacterici
(anni)—a.  Natalitii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Sca-
lares, Climacterici (anni)—a. Scansiles, Climacte-
rici (anni).
  ANNOTA'TIO, Epiama'aia.  Under this term
some have included the preludes to  an attack of
intermittent fever—as yawning, stretching, som-
nolency, chilliness, <fec
  ANNOTTO,  see Terra Orleana.
  AN'NUAL DISEASES, Morbi  an'nui, 31. an-
niversa'rii, (F.)  Maladiea  annuellea.   A  name
given, by some, to diseases which  recur every
year about the same period.  Febria annua, (F.)
Pierre annuelle, is a  term used for a fancied in-
termittent  of this type.
  ANNUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor.
  ANXUIT"IO,  Nodding, from  ad,  'to/ and
nutus,  'a  nod.'  A  gesture  denoting  assent in
most countries.  Also, the state of somnolency,
when the  individual  is in the erect  or  sitting
posture,  with the head unsupported,  in  which
the power  of volition  over the extensor muscles
of the head is lost, and the head drops forward.
  AN'NULAR, Annula'ria, Orico'i'dea,  (annua,
'a  circle.')  Any thing relating  to a ring, or
which has the shape or fulfils the functions of a
ring; from annulua, ' a ring/ itself.
   Annular  Finger, Ring Finger, Dig"itua an-
nula'ris, Param'eaoa.  The fourth finger, so called
from the wedding ring being worn thereon.
  Annular  Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament.
  Annular  Lig'ament,  Transverse  ligament,
Cru'cial ligament.  A strong ligamentous band,
which arches across the area of the ring of the
atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the  inner sur-
face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle
on  the other.  It  serves to retain the odontoid
process of  the  axis in connexion with the ante-
rior arch of the atlas.
  An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very
strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms, with
the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a  kind
of  ring,  in which the head of the radius turns
with facility.
  An'nular Lig'aments  op the Carpus, Ar-
milla. manus membrano'sa, are two in  number.
   The one, anterior, is  a broad, fibrous, quadri-
lateral band, extending transversely  before the
carpus,  and forming the gutter, made  by the
wrist,  into  a canal.   It is attached, externally,
to the trapezium and scapho'ides;  and internally
to tho os pisiforme and process of the  unciforme.
It  keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me-
dian nerve, Ac, applied against the  carpus.
  The posterior ligament  is situate  transversely
behind  the joint  of the hand, and covers the
sheaths of tho  tendons, which pass to the back
of  the hand.  Its fibres  are white  and shining,
and are  attached, externally, to the  inferior  and
outer part of the radius; internally to the ulna
and os pisiforme.
  An'nular Lig'aments of the Tarsus are two
in number.   The anterior  is quadrilateral,  and
extends transversely above  the instep.  It is at-
tached to the superior depression of the os  calcis,
and to the malleolus internus.  It embraces the
tendons of the  extensor muscles of the toes, the
tibialis anticus, and peroneus anticus.  The inter-
nal is broader  than the last.  It descends from
the malleolus internus to the posterior and inner
part of the os calcis, with which it forms  a kind
of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of
the tibialiapoaticuao flexor longua digitorum pedis,
and F. longus pollicis pedis, as well as the plantar
vessels and nerves.
   Annular Vein,  Vena annula'ris, is  situate
between  the  annular finger and the little  finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases of
the spleen.
   ANNULARIS, Cricoid:  see  Digitus—a.  Ani,
Sphincter ani.
   ANNULI  CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea—a.
Cartilaginosi Tracheae, see  Trachea.
   A NN UL I- TEN DIN 0 - PHALANGIENS,
Lumbricales manus.
   ANNULUS, Dactylius, Vulva—a. Abdominis,
Inguinal  ring — a. Albidus, see Ciliary (body)—
a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament—a. Ciliaris,  Cili-
ary ligament—a. Fossae ovalis:  see Ovalis fossa
—a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (body)—a. Repens,
Herpes circinatus—a. Umbilicalis, Umbilical ring
—a. Ventriculi, Pylorus—a. Vieussenii, see Ova-
lis fossa.
   ANO, avw.  A prefix denoting ' above, up.'
   ANOCHI'LUS, from avw,  ' above/ and  ^EiXof,
'lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large
upper lip.
   AN0CO5LIA, Stomach.
   ANO'DIA, from  av,  priv., and  alri,  'song.'
An unconnected or  dissonant mode of speech.
   ANOD'IC, Anod'icus, from avw, 'above, up/
and 'olos, ' a way.'  Tending upwards.  An epi-
thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend-
ing course of nervous action.
   ANODIN, Anodyne.
   ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and  wliv,
'a labour pain.'  Absence of labour pains.
   ANODMIA,  Anosmia.
   ANODUS. Edentulus.
   AN'ODYNE, Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'-
ynous (improperly,) Paregor'icus, Anet'icus, Ant-
al'gicus, Acesod'yncs,  (F.)  Anodin  ou Anodyn,
from a, av, privative, and olvvn, 'pain.' Anodynes
are  those medicines which relieve pain, or cause
it to cease;  as  opium, belladonna, <fec They act
by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so
that it does not appreciate  the morbid sensation.
   ANODYN'IA, Indolen'tia.  Cessation  or ab-
sence of pain.  Vogel has given  this name  to  a
genus of diseases,  characterized by a cessation
of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms;
as we see in  tran<;rene.
   ANODYNUM  MINERALE,  Potassae  nitras
sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
   ANCE'A,  Anoia, from a, privative, and  voos,
' mind.' Delirium, imbecility.  See Demertia and
Idiotism.
   ANOESIA, Dementia.
   Anoesia  Adstricta, Melancholy.
   ANOIA, Ancea.
   AXOMAL, Anomalous.
   ANOMALES, Anomalous.
   ANOMA'LIA, from av,  privative,  and  opnXoc,
 'regular.'  Abnor'mitas, Aliena'tio.   Anomaly,
abnormity, irregularity.  In Pathology, anomaly
means something unusual  in the symptoms pro-
per to a  disease, or in the morbid  appearances
presented by it. 
           ANOMALOTROPHIES          8

  Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis.
  AVOMALOTROI'HIES, from av. privative,
opaXos, ' regular/ and rporpn,  ' nourishment'  A
class  of diseases, which consist in modifications
in the nutrition of organs.—Gcndrin.
  AXOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alus, Anom'alea;  the
same  etymon.  Irregular; contrary to rule.  (F.)
Anomal.   In Medicine,  a disease is  called  ano-
malous, in whose symptoms Or progress  there is
something  unusual.   Affections  are  also called
anomalous,  which  cannot be referred  to  any
known species.
  ANOMALOUS, Irregular.
  ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus.
  ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a, priv., vopos,
'rule/ and Kc<j>aXn,  'head.'  One whose  head is
deformed.—Geoffroi Saint-Hilaire.
  ANOM'PHALUS, from av, priv., and  opipaXos,
' the navel.'  One devoid of navel. Many writers
have  endeavoured to  show that Adam and Eve
must have been avop<paXoi, as they could not have
had umbilical vessels.
  ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the family
Anonese  or Anonaceae;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria
polygyria*  from fifteen  to twenty feet high, na-
tive of South America,  which  bears  a delicious
fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers
emit a fine fragrance, which, when  the tree is
covered with blossom, is almost  overpowering—
Tschudi.
  ANONIS, Ononis.
  AXOXYME, Innominatum.
  ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymus, Innomina'tus, (F.)
Anonyme, from av, privative,  and ovopa,  'name.'
That which has no name.
  The word has been applied to many parts of
tho body: — to the Anonymous bone  or Os inno-
minatum: — the Anonymous foramen or Foramen
innominatum, &C.
  ANOPHRESIA, Anosmia.
  ANOPHTHAL'MUS,  Anom'matuj, from av,
privative, and  otpBaXpos, 'an  eye.'   A  monster
devoid of eyes.
  ANOPS'IA, from av,  priv., and wj,, 'the eye.'
A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit
are wanting.
  AXOPTICOXERVIE, Amaurosis.
  AXOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and opxis, 'a
testicle.'   They who are without testicles.—For-
tunatus Fidelis.
  ANOREX'IA,  from av, priv., and  ope^ts, ' ap-
petite. Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis expers, (F.) Perte
d'appetit.  Absence of appetite, without loathing.
Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic of
most diseases.  Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia.
  Anorexia  Exhausto'rum,  Frigidity of  the
stomach—a. Mirabilis, Fasting.
  ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic.
  ANORMAL,  Abnormous.
  ANOS'IA,  from a, priv., and voaos, 'disease.'
Health.   Freedom from  disease.
  AN OS'MIA, from a, privative, and oapn,
 odour.'  Loss of smell.  Diminution of the sense
of smell.  Called, also, Anosphre'sia,  Anosphra'-
sia, Anophre'sia, Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosmo'-
sia, Olfactus amis'sio, 0. defic"iens, Dysasthe'sia
olfacto'ria, Anasthe'sia olfacto'ria, Odora'tus de-
pcr'ditua, (F.) Perte de V Odor at.
  ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia.
  AXOSPIIRASIA, Anosmia.
  ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia.
  AXSE (F.,) Ansa (L.,) signifies, properly, the
handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form.   By analogy,  it has been  applied to  that
which is curved in  the form of such  handle.
Thus, the  French speak  of Anae inteatinale to
signify a portion of intestine, supported by its
                ANTEREISI8

mesentery, and describing a curved line: — also,
of Anse ncrveusc, Anse finastmitotiqur,  Ac.
  Anse de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a
thread, curved in the form of an Anse.
  AN SERIN A, Potentilla anserina.
  ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides—a.
Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticuin—
a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Ilenrieus—a.
Botrya, Chenopodium Botrys—a. Fetide, Cheno-
podium vulvaria — a.  Vermifuge,  Chenojiodium
anthelminticuin.
  ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver-
ten'tia, from and, 'against/ and acida,  'acids.'
Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach.
They are chemical agents, and act by neutralizing
the acid.  Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis
carbonas, calx,  magnesia, magnesia) carbonas,
potassa, potassae  bicarbonas, p. carbOnas, sodaa
bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They  are, of course,
only palliatives, removing that which exists, not
preventing the  formation of more.
  ANTAG'ONISM,  Antagonia'toua, Antis'tasis,
from avn, ' against/ and aywvi^civ,  ' to act' Ac-
tion in an opposite direction.  It applies to the
action  of muscles that act in a contrary direc-
tion to others.   In estimating the force of the
muscles, this antagonism must be attended to.
  ANTAG'ONIST, Antagonis'ta.  A muscle
whose  action produces an effect contrary to that
of another muscle.  Every muscle has its anta-
gonist, because  there is no motion in one direc-
tion without a capability of it in another.
  ANTALGICUS, Anodyne.
  ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, Antaphrodit'ic, Anta-
phrodisiacus, Anaphrodisiacus,  Anaphrodisiac,
Anterot'icus, from avn, 'against/ and aippoltaiaxos,
'aphrodisiac'   A substance capable of blunting
the venereal appetite.
  ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac.
  ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avratiolilwpt, 'I return
in exchange.'   The succession and return of the
febrile  periods.—Hippocrates.
  ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic.
  ANTARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic
  ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic.
  ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic.
  ANTATROPH'IC,  Autotroph'icua, Antat'ro-
phus, Antiatroph'icus, from  avn, 'against/ and
arpoipia, ' atrophy.'  A remedy opposed  to atro-
phy or consumption.
  ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial.
  ANTECENDEN'TIA.  The precursory or
warning symptoms of a disease.
  ANTELA'BIA, Prochei'la, from ante, 'before/
and labia, 'the  lips.'  The extremity of  thelips.
  ANTELOPE, Antilopus.
  ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Suecedaneum.
  ANTEM'BASIS,  from avn,  and tpfiaivw,  'I
enter.'   Mu'tuus ingres'sus.  The mutual recep-
tion of bones.—Galen.
  ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic
  ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication.
  ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication.
  ANTENEAS'MUS, from  avn, 'against/ and
vcav, 'audacious.'  One furious against  himself.
Mania, in which the patient  attempts  his own
life.—Zacchias.
  ANTENNA'RIA  DIOI'CA, Gnapha'lium Bi-
oi'cum, Hispid'ula, Pes cati,  Elichry'sum monta'-
num, Dice'cious Everlast'ing,  Catafoot, (F.) Pied
de chat.  A common European plant,  which has
been advised in hemorrhage, diarrhoea, Ac.
  ANTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic.
  ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic
  ANTEPONENS, Anticipating.
  ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against/ and tpei*
Iw,  ' I  support'  The resistance—the solidity—
of bones.—Hippocrates.
0 
ANTERIEUR DU MARTEAU      81             ANTHRAKOKALI
  AXTERIEUR   DU  MARTEAU,  Laxator
tympuni—a. de I'Oreilli, Anterior auris.
  ANTE'RIOR,  Anticus,  from ante, 'before.'
Situate before.  Great  confusion has  prevailed
with anatomists in the use of the terms before,
behind, Ac.   Generally, the word anterior is ap-
plied to parts situate before the median line, the
body being  in the erect posture, with the face
and palms of the hands turned forwards; and
the feet applied longitudinally together.
  Ante'rior Au'ris (Muscle,) Auricula'rie ante'-
rior, At'trahena auric'ulam (F.) Auriculaire ante~
rieur, Auti'rieur de I'oreille, Zygomato-oriculaire.
A small muscle, passing from the posterior part
of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear
forwards and upwards.
  Anterior Mallei, Laxator tympani.
  ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac
  ANTUUPHORBIUM, Cacaliaanteuphorbium.
  ANTEVER'SION,   Antever'sio, Antrover'sio,
from ante, 'before/ and vertere, veraum, 'to turn.'
Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus
is turned towards the pubes, whilst  its orifice is
towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra-
ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera
on  the uterus, Ac.; and is recognised by exami-
nation per vaginam.  See Retroversio uteri.
  ANTH^EMOPTYICUS, Antihamoptyicus,
from avn, 'against/  and  hamoptysis, 'spitting
of blood.'  Against spitting of blood.   A remedy
for  spitting  of blood — antihdmopty'icum (reme-
dium.)
  ANTILEMORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic
  ANTHECTICUS, Antihectic
  ANTHELIT'RAGUS, (F.) AnthMitragien.
One of  the  proper muscles  of  the  pavilion  of
the ear.
  ANT'HELIX,  Anti-helix,  from avn, 'before/
and 'eXi\,  'the helix.'   An eminence on the car-
tilage of tne ear, in front  of the helix, and ex-
tending from  the  concha to  the groove of the
helix, where it bifurcates.
  ANTHELMINTIC, Antihelmin'ticus, Anti-
acolicus,  Anthelmin'thicus, Antiscolet'icus, Hel-
min'thicua,  Helminthago' gua,  Antivermino'aua,
 Vermif'ugus,  Ver'mifuge,  from avn,  'against/
and 'eXptvs,  'a  worm.' A remedy  which de-
stroys or expels  worms, or  prevents  their  for-
mation  and  development.    The chief  anthel-
mintics are, Chenopodium, Mucu'na, Oleum ani-
mate Dippelii, Oleum  Terebinthinae, Sodii Chlo-
ridum, Spi^elia, and Pulvis Stanni.   See Worms.
  ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem.
  AN'TIIEMIS COT'ULA,fromav0EG), 'Iflower.'
A. fozt'ida, Got'ula, G. fos'tida, Cota,  Cynan'the-
mis, Chamame'lum foe'tidum,  An'themis Nove-
boracen'sis, Ghamomilla spu'ria senfee'tida, May-
flower,  Jlayweed,  Stinking  Chamomile,  Wild
Gham'omile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Dilweed, Field-
weed, Pisswccd.  Nat.  Ord.  Compositae  Corym-
biferae.   Sex.  Syst. Syngenesia  Superflua. (F.)
Maroute,  Camomille fetide,  Camomille  puante.
  This plant has  a very disagreeable smell: and
the leaves have  a strong, acrid, bitterish taste.
It  is reputed to  have  been useful in hysterical
affections.
  Antiibmis Fcetida,  A. cotula.
  An'themis  No'bilis, A. odora'ta,  Chamame'-
lum, Ohamema'lum No'bile, Chamomilla Roma'-
na,  Euan'themon, An'themis, Ciamame'lum odo-
ra'tuin, Leucan'themum, Matrica'ria,  (F.) Camo-
mille Romaine.  The leaves and flowers — Anthe-
mie, Ph.  U. S.—have a strong smell, and bitter,
nauseous taste.    The  flowers  are chiefly used.
They possess tonic and stomachic properties, and
are much given  as a  pleasant and cheap bitter.
A simple infusion is taken  to produce, or to assist
       6
vomiting.   Externally, they  are  often used  in
fomentations.
  The O'leum Anthem'idia possesses the aromatic
properties of the plant,  but  not  the bitter and
tonic.  Consequently, the ' Chamomile Drops,' as
sold by the druggists, must be devoid of the lat- .
ter  qualities.  They  are  made  by adding VI.
anthem, f ^j. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj.
  Anthemis Noveboracensis, A. Cotula.
  Anthemis Odorata, A. cotula.
  An'themis Py'rethrum, Py'rethrum, Anacyc'-
lus pyrethrum, Pyrethrum verum, Buphthalmum
Cre'ticum, Denta'ria, Herba saliva'ris, Pes Alex-
andri'nus, Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain.
(F.) Pyrethre, Racine aalivaire,  Pied d'Alexan-
dre. The root is hot and acrid, its acrimony re-
siding in a resinous principle.  It is never used
except as a masticatory in toothache, rheumatism
of the face, paralysis of the tongue, Ac.  It acts
as a powerful sialogogue.
  The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said
to be derived from Anacyc'lua  officina'rum.;  a
plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur-
poses.
  An'themis  Tincto'ria,  Buphihal'mi Herba,
Dyer'a Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter
and astringent taste, and has  been regarded sto-
machic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomille  dea Tein-
turiera, (Eil de Bwuf.
  Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Chamomilla.
  ANTHE'RA, from  avdvpos,  'florid/  so  called
from its florid colour.  A remedy compounded of
several substances, myrrh,  sandarac, alum, saf-
fron, Ac.  It was used under the form of lini-
ment, collyrium, electuary, and powder.—Celsus,.
Galen.
  ANTHEREON, Mentum.
  ANTHORA, Aconitum anthora—a.  Vulgaris,
Aconitum anthora.
  ANTHORIS'MA, from  avn,   'against/ and
opiopa,  'boundary.'  Tumor diffu'sus.   A  tumor
without any defined margin.
  ANTHOS :  see  Rosmarinus — a. Sylvestris,
Ledum sylvestre.
  ANTHRA'CIA, from avSpa^, 'coal.'  Carbun'-
cular Exan1'them.  An eruption of tumours, im-
perfectly suppurating, with indurated edges, and,
for  the most part, a sordid and sanious core.   A
genus  in the order  Exanthematica, class Ha-
matica of Good, and including Plague and Yaws.
  Anthracia, Anthracosis—a. Pestis, Plague—
a. Rubula, Frambcesia.
  ANTHRACION, see Anthrax.
  AN'THRACOID, Anthvaco'des, from  avSpaf,
'coal/ and  cilos, 'resemblance.'  (F.)  Charbon-
neux.  As black as coal.  Accompanied  by  or
resembling anthrax.
  ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax.
  ANTHRACONECROSIS,  see Sphacelus.
  ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS,  see Anthrax.
  ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax.
  ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia, Carbo  Palpe-
brarum, from av$pa£, ' a coal.' A species of car-
buncle, which attacks the eyelids and globe of
the eye.— Paulus of Jigina.  Also, a  carbuncle
of any kind.  It has been used for the "black lung
of  coal miners," which  is induced by carbona-
ceous accumulation in the lungs.  Pseudo-mela-
not'ic formation, (Carswell).  AYhen ulceration
results from this cause, black phthisis, (F.)  Phthi-
sie avec Melanose, exists.  See Melanosis.
   Anthracosis Pulmonum, see  Melanosis.
  ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague.
  ANTHRAKOK'ALI,  Lithanthrakok'ali, from
avdpa!-, ' coal/ and kali, ' potassa.' An  article in-
troduced as a remedy in cutaneous  diseases.   It
is formed by dissolving carbonate  of potassa in
10  or  12 parts of boiling wajer, and adding  as 
ANTHRAX
82
ANTIBRACHIUM
 much slacked lime as will  separate tho potassa.
 The filtered liquor is placed on the fire in an iron
 vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until neither
 froth nor effervescence occurs, and the liquid pre-
 sents a smooth surface like oil.  To this, levigated
 coal is added in the proportion of 1G0 grammes
\o #192 grammes of potassa.   The mixture  is
 stirred, and removed from the fire, and  the stir-
 ring  is  continued,  until a black homogeneous
 powder results.  A  sulphuretted anthrakokali is
 made by mixing accurately  16 grammes of sul-
 phur with the coal, and dissolving the mixture in
 the potassa as directed above.   The dose of the
 simple and sulphuretted preparations  is  about
 two grains three times a day.
   ANTHRAX, avdpa%, 'a coal/ Antrax,  Carbo,
 Rublnus verus, Godesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrano'-
 sum, Grantris'tum, Prima, Per'sicus Ignis,  Pyra,
 Granatrie'turn,  Phyma Anthrax,  Erythema  an-
 thrax, Carbun''cuius, Anthraco'sia, Anthraco'ma,
 Absces'sus gangranes'cens, A. gangrano'sus, Fu-
 run'culus malig'nus, F. gangrano'sus, Carbuncle,
 (F.)  Charbon.  An inflammation, essentially gan-
 grenous, of the cellular  membrane and skin,
 which may  arise from  an internal or external
 cause. In the latter case it is called Anthra'cion,
  Vesic'ula gangranes'cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, Pus-
 tule maligne ; Bouton d'Alep, Feu Persique, (Per-
 sian fire), Mai vat, Bouton malin, Puce maligne, and
 is characterized at  the outset by a vesication or
 bleb filled with  a sero-sanguinolent fluid,  under
 which a small induration  is formed, surrounded
 by an areolar inflammation,  which becomes gan-
 grenous.  It has been thought by some to  be in-
 duced altogether by contact with the  matter of
 the carbuncle of animals, or of the  exuviae  of
 the bodies of such as had  died of the disease,
 but it is now known to arise   primarily in the
 human  subject.  This form of  carbuncle has re-
 ceived different names, many of them  from the
 places where  it has  prevailed ; — Carbun'culus
 contagio'sua seu Gallicua seu  Hunga'ricua seu
 Polon'icua seu Septentriona'lia, Morbuapuatulo'aua
 Fin'nicua, Pus'tula gangranosa seu Liv'ida Ea-
 tho'nia,  Pemphigua Hungar'icus.
   Anthrax is a malignant boil,  and its treatment
 is similar to that which is  required in case of
 gangrene attacking a part.
   Anthrax Pulmonum, Necropneumpnia.
   AXTHRISCUS  CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce-
 refo'lium—a. Humilis,  Chaerophyllum Sylvestre
 ■—a. Procerus, Chaerophyllum Sylvestre.
    ANTHROPE, Cutis.
    ANTHROPIAT'RICA  (MEDICINA,) from
  avOpw-os, ' man/ and iarpos, ' a physician.' Me-
  dicine applied  to  man in  contradistinction to
  animals.
    ANTHROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human).
    ANTHROPOCHYMY,  Chymistry, (human).
    ANTHROPOGEN'IA,  Anthropogen'esis,  An-
  ihropog"eny,  from avSpwiros, 'man/ and yevcais,
  ' generation.'   The knowlege,  or study, or phe-
  nomena of human generation.
    ANTHROPOG'RAPHY,  Anthropograph'ia,
  from avOpwiros, 'man/ and ypa<pn, 'a description.'
  Anthropology. A description of the human body.
    ANTHROPOL'ITHUS, from avOpw-xos,  'man/
  and  XiQos,  ' a stone.'   The petrifaction  of the
  human body or of any of its parts.  Morbid con-
  cretions in the human body.
    ANTHROPOL'OGY, Anthropolog" ia, from
  uv&pwvos, 'man,, and  Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  A
  treatise  on man.  By some, this word is used for
  the science of the structure and functions of the
  human body. Frequently, it is employed synony-
  mously  with Natural History and Physiology of
  ANTHROPOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism,
animal.
  ANTHRO'POMANCY, Anthropomanti'a^ from
avipwnos, 'a man/ and pavreia, 'divination.'  Di-
vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man.
  ANTHROPOM'ETRY, from avSpwnos, 'a man/
and perpov, 'measure.'  Measurement of the di-
mensions  of  the different  parts  of  the human
body.
  ANTHROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora.
  ANTHROPOPH'AGUS, (F.)  Anthropophage,
from  av&pwtros, 'a man/ and ipayw,  'I  eat'  A
name given to one who eats his own species.
  ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropopha'gia, same
etymon.   The custom of eating human flesh.  A
disease in which there is great desire to eat it.
  ANTHROPOS, Homo.
  ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy.
  ANTHROPOTOMY, Andranatomia.
  ANTHUS, Flos.
  ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnot'icus,  Antihyp-
not'ic, Agrypnot'ic,  from  avn,  ' against,' and
'vKvwriKos, ' stupefying.'  A remedy for stupor.
  ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, Anthypochondri'-
acus, from avn, 'against/ and 'vnoxovlpiaKos, 'hy-
pochondriac'  A remedy for hypochondriasis.
  ANTHYSTER'IC, Antihyster'ic,'Antihyster'-
icus,  from avn, 'against/  and 'vorepa,  'the ute-
rus.'  A remedy for hysteria.           ,
  ANTI, avn, as a prefix, in composition, gene-
rally means ' opposition.'
  ANTIADES, Tonsils.
  ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  ANTIADON'CUS, from avnales, 'the tonsils/
and oyxos, 'tumour.'  A swelling of the tonsils.
— Swediaur.  Anti'ager has a similar meaning.
  Antiadoncus Inflammatorius, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
  ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Antiapoplec'ticus, Anta-
poplec'ticus, Apoplec'ticus, from avn,  ' against/
and aironX>)i;ta, 'apoplexy.'  A remedy for apo-
plexy.
  ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas.
  ANTIARTHRIT'IC,  Antarthrit'ic,  Antiar-
thrit'icus, Antipodag'ric, from avn, 'against/ and
ap&ptns,  'the gout/  (F.)  Antigoutteux.  A re-
medy for gout.
  ANTIASTHEN'IC, Antiasthen'icus, from avn,
' against/ and aadevcia, ' debility.'  A remedy for
debility.
  ANTIASTHMATIC,  Antiaathmat'icm,  An-
taathmat'icua, from  avn,  ' against/ and  aaSpa,
' asthma.' A remedy for asthma.
  ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic
   ANTIBALLOMENUM, Succedancum.
   ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga.
   ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Antibrachia'lis. That
which concerns the fore-arm. — Bichat   J. Clo-
 quet suggests that the word should be written an-
 tebrachial, from ante,  'before/ and  brachium,
 'the arm:'—as antebrachial region, antebrachial
 aponeuroeie, Ac.
   Antebrachial  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.) Aponfv-
 rose  antebrachial, is a portion of the aponeurotic
 sheath which envelops the whole  of the upper
 limb.  It arises from the brachial  aponeurosis,
 from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the
 biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitrochlea,
 and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra-
 chialis.   Within, it  is inserted into  the cubitus,
 Ac.; and, below, is confounded with the two an-
 nular ligaments of the carpus.  It is covered  by
 the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and  by filaments
 of superficial nerves; it covers the muscles of tho
 fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between
 them several fibrous septa, which servo them for
 points of insertion.
1   ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm. 
AXT1BR0MIC
ANTILLT
  ANTIBFlO'MIC,  Antibro'mieua,  from  avn,
'against/ and  Qpwpos, 'fcetor.'  A Deo'dorizer.
An a/rent  that destroys  offensive odours—as
chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, Ac
  ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticachec'ticus, Antica-
cochyin'ic, from avn, 'against/ and Kayefia, ' ca-
chexv.'  A remedy airainst cachexj\
  ANTICACOCIIVM IC, Anticachectic.
  ANTICAN'CEROCS,  Anticancero'sus,  Anti-
rancro'sus,  Anticarcinom' atous,  Antiscir'rhous,
from avn, 'against/ and xapxivwpa, 'cancer/ car-
cinoma.  Opposed to cancer.
  ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous.
  A N TIC A RCIN 0 M AT 0 U S, Anticancerous.
  ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du cceur, Scrobicu-
lus cordis.
  ANTICATAR'RHAL, Anticatarrha'lis,  Anti-
catarrhoicus, from  avn, ' against,' and Karappos,
'catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh.
  AXTICAUSOD'IC, Anticausot'ic, Anticausod'-
icus, from avn, 'against/ and  kovoos, 'a burning
fever.' A remedy for causus or inflammatory fever.
  AMTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic
  ANTIC HEIR, Pollex, see Digitus.
  ANTICIICERADICUS, Antiscrofulous.
  ANT1CHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla.
  ANTICIPATING, Antic"ipans, Antepo'nens,
Pro/cpt'icns.  A periodical phenomenon, recur-
ring at progressively shorter intervals.  An an-
ticipating intermittent is one in which the inter-
vals between the paroxysms become progressively
less.
  ANTICNEMIUM, Shin.
  AXTIt'(EUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
  ANTICOL'IC, Anticolicus, from avn, 'against/
and kwXikos, ' the colic' That which is opposed
to colic.
  ANTICOMMA,  Oontre-coup.
  ANTICOPE, Contre-coup.
  ANTICRUSIS,  Contre-coup.
  AXTICRUSMA, Contre-coup.
  ANTICUS, Anterior.
  A X TIDA R TRE UX, Antiherpetic
  AXTIDEIXIS.  Counter-indication.
  ANTIDIARRH(E'IC,  Antidiarrhoe'icus.  A
remedy for diarrhoea.  Opposed to diarrhoea.
  ANT ID'INIC, Antidin'icus, Din'icus, from avn,
' against,' and livos, 'vertigo.' Opposed to vertigo.
  AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same  etymon as
antidote.  Relating to an antidote; possessed of
the powers of an antidote.
  ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avnlorov, 'an  anti-
dote.'  A dispensatory.  A pharmacopoeia or for-
mulary.
  AN'TIDOTE, Antid'otum, from avn, 'against/
and bilwpi, ' I give.'  Originally this word signi-
fied an internal remedy.  It is now used synony-
mously with counter-poison, Antiphar'macum, and
signifies  any remedy capable of  combating the
effect of poisons.
   A List of Substances reputed as Antidotes.
      1. Metals.
Iron Filings.
Zinc Filings.
       2. Acids.
Tannic Acid.
Acetic or Citric Acid.
       3. Sclts.
Alkaline or Earthy Sul-
  phates.
Chloride of Sodium.
Hypochlorite of Soda or
  of Lime.
    4. Alk \lines.
A'nmonia.
(;arl>inati's of Ammonia.
Cinhonaies of Soda.
M:i jnesia.
Carb-iiniii- of Magnesia.
Lime Water.
Chalk.
Soap.
    5. StTLPHORETS.
Sulphuretted Hydrogen,
  dissolved in water.
Sulphuret of Potassium.
     (i.  Haloids.
Chlorine.
  7. Metallic Oxides.
Hvdrated Sesqui-oxide of
  Iron.
Mixed Oxides of Iron.
8. Organic Substances.
Albuminous Substances,
  (Albumen, Casein, and
  Gluten.)
Starch.
Oil.   ______
Animal Charcoal.
  ANTIDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar-
macos—a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
  AXTIDYNAMICA. Debilitants.
  AXTIDYXOUS. Anodyne.
  ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidyaenter'icus, from
avn, 'against/ Ivs, 'with difficulty,' and evrepov,
'intestine.'  Opposed to dysentery.
  A N TIE M E T' IC, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icus,
from  avn, 'against,' and eptriKos, 'emetic'   A
remedy for vomiting.
  ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TIC,
Antiephial'ticns, from avn, 'against/ and tipiaX-
-es, 'nightmare.'  A  remedy for nightmare.
  ANTIEPILEP'TIC  or  AXTEPILEP'TIC,
Antiepilep'ticua, from avn, ' against/ and  twi-
Xrnpia, 'epilepsy.'  A remedy for epilepsy.
  ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge.
  ANTIGALAC'TIC,  Antigalac'ticus, Antilac'-
teue, from avn, 'against/ and yaXa, 'milk.' (F.)
Antilaiteux.  Opposed to  the  secretion of milk,
or to diseases caused by the milk.
  AXTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, Black
collyrium  of Antig'onus.   It was composed  of
cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic,
and water.
  ANTIGUA, see "West Indies.
  ANTIHA^MOPTYICUS, Anthaomoptyicus.
  AXTIHEC'TIC,   Antithec'ticua. Anthec'ticus,
from  avn,  'against/ and  'elis,  'habit of body.'
The Antih.ec''ticum Pote'rii is the white oxyd of
antimony; also called Diaphoret'icum Jovia'le.
  ANTIHELIX, Anthelix.
  ANTIHELMIXTICUS, Anthelmintic.
  ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC,  Antihamorrhag" -
icus, Anthamorrhag"icus;  from avn, 'against/
and 'aipoppayta, 'hemorrhage.'  That which  is
against hemorrhage;  an   antihemorrhagic re-
medv.
  ANTIHEMORRHOIDS,    Antihamorrhdi-
da'lia, from avn, ' against/ and 'aipoppoiles, ' he-
morrhoids.'  A remedy for hemorrhoids.
  ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiherpet'icua, from avri,
'against/ and 'ep-nes,  'herpes.' (F.) Antidartreux.
A remedy for herpes.
  ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  Antihydrophob'icus,
Antylis'sue, Alys'sus, from  avn, ' against/ 'vlwp,
'water/ and (poffos, 'dread.'  A  remedy for hy-
drophobia.
  ANTIHYDROP'IC, Antihydrop'icus, Hydrop'-
icue, from  avn,  'against,' and 'vlpwxp, 'dropsy.'
A remedy for dropsy.
  ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic
  ANTIHYSTERIC, Antihysteric.
  ANTI-ICTERIC,   Anti-icter'icua,  Icter'icus,
from  avn,  'against/ and  iKrepos, 'jaundice.'   A
remedy for jaundice.
  ANTI-IMPETIGENES.   SOLOMON'S,  see
Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
  ANTILABIUM, Prolabium.
  ANTILACTEUS.  Antigalactic
  A X TIL AITEI X, Antigalactic.
  ANTILEP'SIS, Apprehen'sio, from  avnXnp-
fiavw, ' I take hold of.'  The mode  of attaching
a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon
the sound parts. — Hippocrates.  The mode of
securing bandages,  Ac, from slipping.   Treat-
ment bv revulsion or derivation.
  ANTILETHAR'GIC, Antilethar'gicns,  from
avn,  'against/  and XtjOapyixos,  'affected with
lethargy.'   A remedy for lethargy.
  ANTILITH'ICS,  Antilith'ica, Lith'ica, from
avn, 'against/ and XtOos, 'a stone.'  A substance
that  prevents  the formation of calculi in the
urinary organs.
  The chief antilithics—according as the calculi
are lithic  acid  or pbospbatic — are alkalies  or
acids; with revellents, especially change of air;
tonics, as diosma crenata, (?) and uva ursi. (?)
  AXTILLY,  MINERAL WATERS   OF.   A 
ANTILOBIUM
51
ANTIMONIUM
celebrated French medicinal spring, near Meaux,
in France.  The waters have not been analyzed;
but astonishing and chimerical effects have been
ascribed to them.
  ANTILOBIUM. Antitragus, Tragus.
  ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi'micus, Antiloe'mic,An-
tijiestilentia'lis, from avn, 'against,' and Xoipos,
' the plague.'   A remedy for the plague.
  ANTIL'OPUS.   The An'telope.   (F.) Gazelle.
An African animal, whose hoofs and horns were
formerly given in hysteric and epileptic cases.
  ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
  AXTIMEL'AXCHOLIC, Antimelanchol'icua,
from avn, 'against/ and  peXayxoXia,  'melan-
choly.'   A remedy for melancholy.
  ANTIMEPHIT'IC, Antimephit'icus, from avn,
' against/ and mephitic.  A remedy against  me-
phitic or deleterious gases.
  ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium— a.  Beurre d',
Antimonium  muriatum—a. Ohlorure d', Antimo-
nium muriatum—a. Oxide d', Algaroth—a. Oxide
blanc d', Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. Soufre
dore d', Antimonii  sulphuretum  praeeipitatum—
a. Sulfure d', Antimonium—a. Sulfure, hydrosul-
phure rouge  d', Antimonii  sulphuretum rubrum
— a. Ve.rre d', Antimonii vitrum.
  ANTIMO'NIAL, Antimonia'lis, Stibia'lis, from
antimonium,  'antimony.'  A composition  into
which antimony enters.  A preparation of anti-
mony.
   Antimo'nial Powder,  Pulvis  antimonia'lis,
 Ox'idum antimo'nii cum phos'phate calcis, Phos-
phus calcis  stibia'tus,  P. Calcicum stibia'tum,
 I'n!vis Jame'sii, Pulvis stibia'tus, Pulvis de phos'-
 phate  calcia et  stib'ii  compos'itus, Factitious
James's Powder, Schwanberg's Fever Powder,
 Chenevix's   Antimonial  Powder, (F.) Poudre
 antimoniale  composee ou de James.   A peroxide
 of  antimony combined with  phosphate of lime.
 (Take  of common sulphuret  of antimony,  Ibj;
 hartshorn shavings, Ibij.  Roast in an  iron pot,
 until they form a gray powder.  Put this into a
 long pot, with a small hole in the cover.   Keep
 it in a red heat for two hours, and grind to a fine
 powder.)  This preparation-  has long  been es-
 teemed as a febrifuge: but it is  extremely un-
 certain in its action.  The ordinary dose is 6 or
 8 grains.
   ANTIMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium
 muriatum.
   ANTIMONIATUM  SULPHUR, Antimonii
 sulphuretum praeeipitatum — a. Tartar, Antimo-
 nium tartarizatum.
   ANTIMONII  (BUTYRUM,) Antimonium mu-
 riatum—a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a.
 Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a. et Po-
 tassae tartras,  Antimonium tartarizatum—a. Mu-
 rias, Antimonium muriatum—a. Oleum, Antimo-
 nium muriatum—a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum
 aurantiacum, Antimonii sulphuretum praeeipita-
 tum—a. Oxydum, Algaroth—a. Oxydum auratum,
 Antimonii sulphuratum praeeipitatum—a.Oxidum
 nitro-muriaticum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum  cum
 sulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum—a.  Oxy-
 dum sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum
 —a. Oxysulphuretum,  A.  sulphuretum praeeipi-
 tatum— a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tartari-
 zatum—a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium me-
 dieinale — a. Sal, Antimonium  tartarizatum—a.
  Sulphur auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum  prae-
  eipitatum— a. Sulphur praeeipitatum, Antimonii
 sulphuretum praeeipitatum—a. Sulphuretum, An-
  timonium—a. Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum
  — a. Tartras et  Potassae,  Antimonium  tartariza-
  tum—a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum.
    Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum   Precipita'tum,
  Sulphur antimonia'tum, Hydrosulphure'turn sti-
  bio'sum cum sulphure, Oxo'des stib'ii aulpihura'-
tnm, Oxyd'ulum  antimo'nii  hydrosulphuratum
aurantiacum, Ox'ydum aura'turn antimo nn, Sul-
phure'tum  stib'ii oxydula'ti, Hydro-eulfure turn
lu'teum ox'ydi atib'ii sulfura'ti,  Sulphur antimo-
nii pracipitu'tum, Sulphur aura'tum antimonii,
Golden Sulphur of Antimony.
   Antima'nii Sulphure'tum Prtrcipitatum, A.Oxy-
aulphuretum, (F.) Soufre dore d'Antimoine, of the
London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the
old Kermea Mineral. It is a powder of an orange
colour, of a metallic, styptic taste.  It is emetic,
diaphoretic, and cathartic, according to the dose;
and has been chiefly used in chronic rheumatism,
and in cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. j. to .<;r. iv.
   Antimonii Sulphuretum  Pracipitatum of tho
United States  Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling
together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder,
Solution of Potassa, and distilled water ; strain-
ing the liquor while hot,  and dropping into it
Diluted Sulphuric Acid so long as it produces a
precipitate.
   Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum Rubrum, Red Sul-
 phuret  of An'timony,  Hydrosulfurc'turn stib'ii
rubrum, Sub-hydrosul'fas stib'ii, Hydro-sulphure'-
 tum rubrum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulvis Carthusi-
 ano'rum,   Kermes  mineral,  (F.)   Hydrosulfurc
 rouge d'Antimoine sulfure, Vermilion de Provence.
 Properties the same as the last.  Dose, gr. j. to
gr. iv.
   Antimo'nii  Vitrum, Glasa of Antimony, Anti-
   •'nii ox'ydum  sulphure'turn  vitrifac'tum, Ox'-
   um atib'ii semivit'reum, Antimo'nium vitrifac'-
mo
yd;
turn, Ox'idum antimo'nii cum sulphure vitrifac'-
tum, Vitrum  stib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum hyacin'-
thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.) Verre
d Antimoine.   (Formed by roasting  powdered
common antimony in  a  shallow vessel, over a
gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and
emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on
a quick  fire, into  a clean, brownish-red glass.)
It has  been  used for preparing the  tartarized
antimony and antimonial wine.
  ANTIMONIOUS   ACID, Antimonium  dia-
phoreticum.
  ANTIMO'NIUM, from  avn,  'against/  and
povos, 'alone;'  i. c. not found alone: or accord-
ing to others, from avn, 'against/ and moine, 'a
monk;'  because, it is asserted,  certain monks
suffered much from it.  Stibi, Stib'ium, Reg'nlns
Antimo'nii, Minera'lium, Gynace'um, Magnc'sia
Satnr'ni, Marcasi'ta plum'bea, Platyophthalmon,
Stim'mi, Aurum lepro'sum, Antimo'nium crudum,
Antimo'nii sulphure'tum, Sulphure'tum stib'ii ni-
grum,  Common Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony,
(F.) Antimoine, Sulfure d'Antimoine.  Sulphuret
of antimony is the ore from which all the prepa-
rations of antimony are formed.  In Pharmacy,
it is the native sesquisulphuret of antimony, puri-
fied by fusion.  When prepared for medical use,
by  trituration and levigation, it forms a powder
of a black, or bluish gray  colour, which is inso-
luble.   It  is slightly diaphoretic and  alterative,
and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta-
neous diseases, Ac.
  Antimonium Album, Bismuth.
  Antimo'nium Calcinatum, Antimonium dia-
phoreticum.
  Antimo'nium Diaphoret'icum,   Diaphoret'ic
Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid, Min'eral Bez'oard,
Antimo'nium Oalcina'turn, Mineral Diaphoret'ic,
Matiere perlce de KERKring, Peroxiele of Anti-
mony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'-
icum latum,  Cerus'sa Antimo'nii,  Calx Antimo'nii
elo'ta,  Oxo'des stib'ii album, Ox'idum  stibio'sum,
Beutoxide of An'timony,  Ox'idum stib'ii album
median'te nitro confectnm,  Potassa biantimo'nins
 (F.) Oxide  blanc  d'Antimoine  prepare par  le
 moyen du nitre. (Common antimony, tbj • purified 
ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF         85             ANTIPHLOGISTIC
nitre, lbiij.—Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot
crucible; powder and  wash.  The flowers that
stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully
separated,  otherwise they  render it  emetic)
Dose, gr. x. to xxx.
   Antimonium Emkticum, A. tartarizatum.
   Antimo'nii  m Mkdicina'le, Reg'ulus Antimo'-
nii Medicina'lia, Medicinal Rcg'ulue of Antimony.
(Anlimou. sulphur. ~yV. Potass, subcarb. ^i. Sodii
c'dorid. ^iv.   Powder,  mix, and melt.  When
cold, separate the scoria? at top, powder the mass,
and w.ish it well.)  It is conceived to be more
active than common antimony.
   Antimo'nium Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'rias,
 Cli/or'urct of An'timony,  Chlorure'tum stib'ii,
Spuma  trium draco'num, Beuto-murias stib'ii
sublima'tus, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An-
timony, Chloride of Antimony, Buty'rum. Antimo'
•nil, O'leum Antimo'nii, Buty'rum stib'ii, Caus'-
ticum autimonia'le,  Antimonium  sail turn,  (F.)
 Chlorure d'Antimoine, Bcurre d'Antimoine. (Com-
mon antimony aud corrosive sublimate, of each
equal parts: grind together,  and distil in a wide-
necked retort, and let  the  butyraceous matter
that comes over, run, in a moist place, to a liquid
oil.) A  caustic,  but not much  used  as such.
Sometimes taken as poison.
   Antimonium Salitum, Antimonium muriatum.
   Antimo'nium Tartariza'tum,   Tartris  Anti-
mo'nii,  Tartar Antimania'tuin, Sal Antimo'nii,
Tartras Potas'sa stibio'sus seu stibia'lis, Tartris
lixiv'ia stibia'tus, Beuto-tartraspotas'sa et stib'ii,
Tar'tarus emet'icus, Tar'tarunt emelicum, Tartras
antimo'nii, Tartras Antimo'nii et  Potassa, Anti-
mo'nii et Potassa Tartras (Ph. U.  S.), Antimo'nii
potas'sio-tartras,  Antimo'nium emet'icum,  Tar'-
tarized An'timony, Tartrate of  An'timony and
potas'sa, Potassio-tartrate of Antimony, Emet'ic
Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (F.) Tartre stibie,, Tartre
Emetique, Emctique ; in some parts of the United
States,  vulgarly  and improperly  called Tartar:
(Made by digesting sulphuret of  antimony  in a
mixture of nitric and muriatic acids with the aid
of heat; filtering the liquor, and  pouring it into
water:  freeing the  precipitate  from  acid,  by
washiug and  drying it; adding  this powder to
bitartrate of potassa in boiling distilled water;
boiling for an hour, aud after filtering the liquor
while hot, setting it aside to crystallize.—Ph. U. S.)
Tartarized antimony is emetic,  sometimes  ca-
thartic  and diaphoretic.  Externally, it  is rube-
facient.  Dose, as an emetic, gr. j. to  gr. iv. in
solution :  as  a diaphoretic, gr.  one-sixteenth to
gr. one-quarter.
   The  empirical  preparation,  called  Norris's
Drops, consist of a solution of'' tartarized anti-
mony in rectified  spirit, disguised by the addi-
tion of some vegetable colouring matter.
   Antimonium Vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum.
   ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF, Antimonium mu-
riatum—a. Chloride of,  Antimonium muriatum—
a. Chloruret of, Antimonium  muriatum—a. Deu-
toxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a. Flowers
of, Algaroth— a.  Glass  of, Antimonii vijrum—a.
Golden  sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum prae-
eipitatum—a. Medicinal, rcgulus of, Antimonium
medicinale—a. Muriate of,  Antimonium muria-
tum—a. Peroxide of,  Antimonium diaphoreticum
—a. Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium  tartariza-
tum—a. Submuriate of, Protoxide of, Algaroth—
a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum  ru-
brum— a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum
—a. Vegetable, Etipatorium perfoliatum.
  Antimony and  Potassa, Tartrate of, Anti-
monium tartarizatum.
  ANTINEPHRIT'IC,  Antinephret'ic,  Antine-
phret'icus, from avn,  'against/ and vedipms, 'ne-
phritis.' A remedy for inflammation of the kidney.
  ANTTXEUROPATHIC, Nervine.
  AXTiXEUROTIC, Nervine.
  ANTIXIAD, see Antinial.
  ANTIN'IAL, from  avn,  'against/ and mor,
'the ridge of the occiput'  An epithet for  an
aspect towards the side opposite to the inian. or
ridge of the occiput.—Barclay.   Antiniad is used
adverbially by the same  writer, to signify ' to-
wards the antinial aspect'
  ANTI'OCHI HI'ERA.  A  preparation  ex-
tolled  by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho-
bia, epilepsy, Ac.   It was formed of germander,
agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian stoechas, opo-
ponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristolochia, white
pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, Ac.
  Antiochi Theriaca.  A theriac  employed by
Antiochus against every kind of poison.  It was
composed  of  thyme,  opoponax, millet,  trefoil,
fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, Ac
  ANTIODONTAL'GIC, Antodontal'gic,  A.ito-
dontalgicus, Odontalgic,  Odont'ic, Antiodontal-
gicus, from avn, 'against/ and olovraXyia, 'tooth-
ache.'   A remedy for toothache.
  ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'ticus, from avn,
'against/ and  opyaw, 'I desire vehemently.'  A
remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation
in general.
  ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'icus, from
avn, 'against,'  and napaXvois,  'palsy.'  Opposed
to palsy.
  ANTIPARASITIC,  Antiparasil iens, Anti-
phtheiriacus, Phthi'rius, Paras it'icide; from avn,
'against/ and irapaoiros, 'a parasite.'   An agent
that destroys parasites, as the  different vermin
that infest the body.   The chief antiparasitics
are Cocculus, Staphisagria, Vcratrum  album, and
certain of the mercurial preparations.
  ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from avn, 'opposite/
and irapaararris, 'the epididymis;' also, 'the pros-
tate/  and itis,  denoting inflammation.   Inflam-
mation of Cowper's glands.
  ANTIPATHI'A,  from avn, 'against/ and
waOos, 'passion, affection.'  Aversion.   A natural
repugnance to any person or thing.
  ANTIPATH'IC, Antipath'icus, (F.)  Antipa-
thiqne.   Belonging to antipathy.  Opposite, con-
trary,— as humeurs antipathiquee ;  humours op-
posed to each other.  Also, palliative.
  ANTIP'ATRI THERIACA,  Theriac of An-
tip'ater.  A  farrago of more than  40 articles:
used as an  antidote against the bites of serpents.
  ANTTPERIOD'IC,  Antiperiod'icus,  Antityp'-
icus, from  avn, 'against/ and  -nepiolos, 'period.'
A remedy which possesses the power of arresting
morbid periodical movements;—e. g. the sulphate
of quinia in intermittents.
  ANTIPERISTALTIC, Antiperistal'ticus, An-
tivermic'ular, from avn, 'against,' and vepiareXXw,
'1 contract'  An inverted action of the intestinal
tube.
  ANTIPERIS'TASIS. from avn, 'against/ and
ncpto-raais,  'reunion, aggregation.'  A union  of
opposite circumstances: the action of  two con-
trary qualities, one of which augments the force
of the other.   The peripateticians asserted, that
it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter
than in  summer.   Theophrastus attributes  the
cause,  which renders  man  more vigorous, and
makes him digest more readily in winter, to  the
augmentation of heat caused by  Antiperistasis.
  ANTIPER'NIUS,  from avn, 'against,' and
Pernio, 'a chilblain.'  A remedy against chil-
blains;— as Unepicn'tum antipcr'nium,  an oint-
ment for chilblains.
  ANTIPERTUSSIS. see Zinci sulphas.
  ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic.
  ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic
  ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, Antiphlogis'ticus, from 
ANTIPHTHEIRIACA            86                 ANTRUM
t>ri, 'against/  and tpXeyw, 'I burn.'   Opposed
to  inflammation ;—as Antiphlogistic remedies, A.
regimen, Ac.
  ANTIPHTHEIRIACA, Antiphthiriaca, from
am, 'against/  and <p$etpiaw, 'I am  lousy.'  A
remedy used to destroy lice.
  ANTIPIITHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthis'icus, from
avn, 'against/  and <p$tais, 'consumption/  Op-
posed to phthisis.
  ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives.
  ANTIPHYS'ICAL, Antiphys'icus, from  avn,
'against/  and <pvaew, 'I blow.'   An expeller  of
wind:  a carminative.
  It has also been used for  any thing preterna-
tural; here, the derivation is  from avn, 'against/
and (j,vais,  'nature.'   The French sometimes say,
'Un goiit antiphysique,' ' an unnatural taste.'
  ANTIPLAS'TIC,  Antiplas'ticus,  Plastilyt'ic,
Plastilyt'icus, from avn, 'against/ and xXaonKos,
' formative.'  Antiformative.  An agent that dimi-
nishes the quantity of plastic matter—fibrin—in
the blood.
  ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Antipleuret'icus, Anti-
pleuret'ic, from avn,  'against/  and  itXivpins,
' pleurisy.'   Opposed to pleurisy.
  ANTIPNEUMON'IC,  Antipneumon'icus, from
oi'ri, ' against/ and irvevpwvia, ' disease or inflam-
mation of the lungs.'  A  remedy for disease or
inflammation of the lungs.
  ANTIPODAGRIC, Antiarthritic
  ANTIPRAX'IS, from  avn, 'against/ and
roaoaw, 'I act'  A  contrary state of  different
parts in the  same patient:  e. g.  an increase of
heat in one organ, and diminution in another.
   ANTIPSOR'IC,  Antipso'ricus, Antisca'bious,
from  avn, ' against/ and \\:wpa, ' the itch.'  (F.)
Antigalevx.   Opposed to the itch.
  AXTIPUTRID, Antiseptic.
   ANTIPY'IC, Antipy'icus,  from avn, 'against/
and ttvov, ' pus.'  Opposed to suppuration.
   AXTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge.
   ANTIPYROT'IC, Antipyrot'icus, from  avn,
 ' against/ and  tivp, ' fire.' Opposed to burns or
 to pyrosis.
   ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Antiquar'tium. A
remedy formerly used against quartan fever.
   ANTIQUUS, Chronic.
   ANTIRHACHIT'IC,  Antirhachit'icua,  from
 avn, 'against,' and rachitis.   Opposed to rachitis,
 or rickets.
   ANTIRHEUMATIC, Antirrheumat'icus; from
 avn,  'against/ and ptvpa, 'rheumatism.'  A re-
 medy  for rheumatism.
   ANTIRHINUM ACUTAXGULUM, A. Lina-
 ria — a. Auriculatum, A. Elatine.
   Antirhi'num Elati'ne,  A.  auricula'turn,  E.
 hasta'ta, Elati'ne, Lina'ria  elati'ne, Cymbala'ria
 elati'ne, Fluellen or Female Speedwell, was for-
 merly used against scurvy and old ulcerations.
   Antirhi'num Hederaceum,  A.  Linaria — a.
 Hederaefolium, A. Linaria.
   Antirhi'num Lina'ria,  A.  hedera'ceum seu
 1:<derafo'lium  seu acutan'gulum, Lina'ria, L.
 vulga'ris  seu  cymbala'ria,  Elati'ne  cymbala'-
 ria,  Oymbala'ria  mura'lis,   Osy'ria,  Urina'ria,
 Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire.  The leaves
 have a bitterish taste.  They are reputed to be
 diuretic and cathartic.  An  ointment made from
 them has been extolled in hemorrhoids.
   AXTISCABIOUS, Antipsoric
   AXTISCIRRHOUS, Anticancerous.
   AXTISCOLETICUS,  Anthelmintic.
   AXTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic.
   AXTISCORBU'TIC,  Ant iscorbu'ticua,  from
 avn, ■ against/ and ecorbutua, ' the scurvy.'  Op-
 posed to scurvy.
   AXTISCROF'ULOUS, Antiscroph'uloua, An-
 tiscrofulo'sus,  Antistrumo'sus,  Antichcerad'icus.
 Opposed to scrofula.
  ANTISEP'TIC,  Antiscp'ticus, Antipu'trid,
from avn, 'against,' and onitros, 'putrid.'  AnH-
putredino'sua.  Opposed to putrefaction.   The
chief antiseptics, internally  or externally  em-
ployed, are Acidum Muriaticum,  Acidum  A itri-
cum,  Acidum Sulphuricum,  Alumina  sulphas,
Carbo Ligni,  Calx Chlorinata, Chlorinum.  Cin-
chona  and its active  principles, Creosote, Dauci
Radix, Fermentum Cerevisia, Soda Chlorinata,
and Zinci Chloridum.
  ANTISIAL'AGOGUE, Antisialago'gus, Anti-
si'alus, from avn, ' against/ and  oiaXov, ' saliva.'
A remedy against ptyalism.
  ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion.
  ANTISPASMODIC, Anti spasm od'icus, Anti-
spas'ticus, from avn, 'against/ and atiaw, 'I  con-
tract' Opposed to  spasm.  The whole operation
of antispasmodics  is probably revulsive.   The
following are the chief reputed antispasmodics.
JEther Sulphuricus, Asafcetida, Castoreum, Dra-
contium,  Moschus, Oleum Ani male Dippelii, and
 Valeriana—with the  mental antispasmodics, ab-
straction, powerful emotions, fear, Ac.  Of direct
antispasmodics, we have no example.
  ANTISPASTICUS,  Antispasmodic, Deriva-
tive.
  ANTISTASIS, Antagonism.
  ANTISTERIG'MA, from  avn, 'against/ and
arnpvypa, 'asupport'  A fulcrum, support, crutch.
—Hippocrates.
  ANTISTER'NUM, from arvi,  'against/ and
arcpvov, ' the sternum.'  The back.—Rufus.
  ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous.
  ANTISYPHILIT'IC, Antisyphilit'icut, from
avn, ' against/ and syphilia,  ' the venei sal dis-
ease.'  Opposed to  the venereal disease.
  ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension.
  ANTITHENAR, Opponens pollicis, Adductor
pollicis pedis.
  ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants.
  ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora.
  ANTITRAG'ICUS, Antitra'geua, (F.)  Muacle
de I'Antitragua,  M. antitrctgien.—(Ch.)  Belong-
ing  to the antitragus.  A small  muscle  is  so
 called, the existence of which is not constant.
 It occupies the space between the antitragus and
 anthelix.
  ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus..
  ANTIT'RAGUS, from avn,, 'opposite to/ and
 rpayos, 'the tragus/  Antilo'bium, Ghlo'bium.  A
 conical eminence on  the pavilion of the  ear, op-
posite the tragus.
  ANTITYP'IA, from avn, 'against,' and tvtttw,
 'I strike.'  Resistance.  Hardness.  Repercussion.
  ANTITYPICUS, Antiperiodic
  ANTIVEXE'REAL, Antivene'reua,  from ttvn,
 'against/ and Venua,  'Venus.'  TLe same as An-
 tisyphilitic  Formerly it was used synonymously
 with Antaphrodisiac.
  ANTIVERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic.
  ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic.
   ANT'LIA or  ANTLI'A, from avrXeiv, 'to
 pump out'  A syringe; a  pump.  Hence, Antlia
 lac'tea, Lactisu'gium, a breast-pump; and Antlia
 aanguiau'ga, Antibdella, Hiru'do artificia'lia, the
 exhausting syringe used in cupping.
   Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump.
   ANTODONTALGIC. Antiodontalgic
   ANTODYNUS,  Anodyne.
   ANTRAX, Anthrax.
   AXTRE, Antrum—a.  d'Hyghmore, Antrum
 of  Highmore.
   ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio.
   AXTR.UM, 'A cavern/  Cavern'a, Bar'athrum,
 (F.) Antre.  A name given to certain cavities in
 bones, the  entrance to which is smaller than the
 bottom.
I   Antrum Auris, Tympanum—a. Buccinosum 
ANULUS
87
APERIENT
 Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a.
 Pylori, see Stomach.
   Antrum of  Highmore, Antrum Ilighmoria'-
 ttum, Antrum Gma, Antrum maxilla're vel max-
 illa siijierio'ris, Gcnyan'trum, Max'illary Sinus,
 Sinus <iena pituita'rius, (F.) Autre d'Hyghmore,
 Sinus Maxillaire.  A deep cavity in the sub-
 stance of the superior maxillary bone  communi-
 cating \\4th the middle meatus of the nose.   It
 is lined  by a prolongation of the  Schneiderian
 membrane.
   ANULUS, Fossette.
   ANURESIS, Ischuria.
   ANURIA, Ischuria.
   ANUS, 'a circle,' Podex, Potex, Mol'yne, Mo-
 h/n'ie, Daety/'ios, Oath'edra, Oyr'ceon,  Cys'saros,
 Cysthos,  A/ili'ci/ra, Aph'edron, Jledra, Proctos,
 Archos, Sides, Cuius, Cu'leon.   The circular open-
 ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum,
 by which tho excrement is expelled.  The funda-
 ment.  The seat. The  body. The seat,  (F.) Siege.
   Anus also signifies the anterior  orifice of the
 A1/uci/uet of Sylvius.  By some/this Anus, called
 also,  Fora'mcn commu'ne poste'rius,  has been
 supposed  to form a communication between the
 back part of the third ventricle  and the lateral
 ventricles.   It is closed  up, however, by the tela
 choroidea, and  also by the fornix, which  is inti-
 mately connected  with  this.  The foramen  is
 situate between the  commissura mollis  of the
 optic thalami and the pineal gland.
   Anus,  Artificial.  An opening made artifi-
 cially, to supply the natural anus.   The term is
 often used to include preternatural anus.
   Anus, Contracted, (F.) Anus retred. A state
 of the anus when,  from some cause,  it is con-
 stricted.
   Anus,  Imperforate.  A malformation,  in
 which there is no natural anus.   See Atresia ani
 adnata.
   Anus,  Preternat'ural, (F.) Anus contre na-
 ture, A. anormal.   An accidental opening which
 gives issue to the whole  or to a part of the fasces.
 It may be owing to a wound, or, which is  most
 common,  to gangrene  attacking the intestine  in
 a  hernial  sac.
   This term is  also employed, as well as Anus
 derie, devious anus, to the case where the anus, in-
 stead of  being in its natural situation, is in some
 neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, etc.
   ANXI'ETY,  Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude,  Adamo'-
 nia, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, AV-
 ysis, Ase, from  angere, Gr. ayxeiv, 'to  strangle,
 to suffocate.'  A state  of restlessness and agita-
 tion, with genoral indisposition, and a distressing
 sense of oppression at the  epigastrium.  Inquie-
 tude, anxiety, and anguiah, represent degrees  of
 the same condition.
   ANYPNIA, Insomnia.
   AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and oxXos, 'dis-
 turbance.'   Tranquillity.   Calmness.
   AOR'TA. Arte'ria magna,  A. crassa,  A. max'-
 ima. Hamal Axis,  of  Owen.   (F.)  Aorte.   This
 name was given by Aristotle to the  chief artery
 of the body.  It may have  been derived from
 aopreopai,  ' I am suspended/  as  it seems  to be
 suspended from  the heart;  or from anp, 'air/ and
 tcii-w, ' I keep/  because  it  was supposed to con-
 tain air.   It is probable that Hippocrates  meant
 by aoprai  the bronchia and  their ramifications.
 The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of
the body.   It arises from the left ventricle of the
heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal  vertebra,
passes upwards (ascending Aorta.) forms the great
arch of the Aorta,  and descends  along the left
of the spine (descending  Aorta,) until it reaches
the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra,
where it bifurcates,  to give  origin  to the common
 iliac.?.   The aorta is sometimes divided into the
 Thoracic or pectoral, and the  Abdominal.  For
 the arteries which arise from it, Ac, see Artery.
   AORTEURYS'MA,  from  aoprn, 'the  aorta/
 and evpvs, ' dilated.'  Aneurism of the Aorta, (F.)
 Anevryame de I'Aorte, Aortiectaaie.  By carefully
 auscultating over the  dorsal vertebrae, a bellows'
 sound, with  a deep and  not  always perceptible
 impulse, may be detected.
   AOR'TIC,' Aor'ticua.   Relating  to the  Aorta.
 The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricle Aortique,  is
 the left ventricle.  The Aortic valvea are the sig-
 moid valves  at the origin of the Aorta, Ac.
   AORTIEOTASIE, Aorteurysma.
   AORTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Aor'ta, from  Aorta,
 and itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the aorta.
   AORTRA, Aortron.  A lobe  of the  lungs.—
 Hippocrates.
   AO'TUS,  from a, privative, and ovs, 'an ear.'
 A monster devoid of ears.—Gurlt.
   APAG'MA,  Apoclaa'ma,  Apocecaulis'menon,
 from aito, 'from/ and ayw, 'I remove.'   Separa-
 tion, abduction.   Separation of a fractured bone.
 —Galenus, Foesius.
   APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio.
   APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria—a. d Feuilles
 de Prunier, Prinos—a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
   APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is,  from a-raXarrw, ' I
 change.'   Mutation,  change.    It  is  generally
 taken in a good sense, and  means the change
 from disease to health.—Hippocrates.
   APALLAXIS, Apallage.
   APALOT'ICA, from avaXores, 'softness, ten-
 derness.'  Fortuitous lesions or deformities  affect-
 ing the soft parts.  The first order in the class
 Tychiea, of Good.
   AP AN THESIS, Apa.nthismus.
   APANTHIS'MUS,  Apanthe'sia, from a™,
 'from/ and avOsw, 'I flower.'   The obliteration
 of parts previously inservient to useful purposes,
 as of the ductus venosus  and ductus arteriosus,
 which are essential to foetal  existence,  but  are
 subsequently unnecessary.  See, also, Stuprum.
   APANTHRO'PIA, from  a-no, 'from/ and  av-
 §pwnos, ' man.'   Detestation  of man; desire for
 solitude.—Hippocrates.  One of the symptoms of
 hypochondriasis.
   APAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
   APARACH'YTUM  VINUM, from a,  priv.,
 and  trapaxvw, ' I pour over.'  The purest  wine :
 that which has not been mixed with sea-water.—
 Galen.
  APARINE, Ga?ium aparine — a.  Hispida, Ga-
 lium aparine.
   APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
  AP'ATHY, Apathi'a,  Amelia, from a, priva-
 tive, and -a$as, 'affection.'   (F.) Apathie.  Ac-
 cidental suspension  of the  moral  feelings.  It
 takes place  in very severe diseases, particularly
 in malignant fevers.
  APECHE'MA,  from a-ro, 'from/ and  ^oc,
 ' sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound.
 In medicine, if is  synonymous with the  Latin
 Oontrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow.
 —Gorraeus, Celsus.
  APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus.
  APEL'LA, Appella, Leipoder'mos, Recnti'tus,
from a, priv., and pellia, ' skin.'  One whose pre-
puce does not cover the glans. —Galenus, Lin-
n;vus,  Vogel.  Retraction or  smallness  of any
other soft appendage.—Sagar.   One who is cir-
cumcised.
  APEPSIA.Dyspepsia.
 ^ APE'RIEXT, Ape'riena, Aperitlvus, from ape-
rire,  (ad and pario,)  'to  open.'  Res'erans.  A
laxative.  (F.)  Aperitif.   A  medicine which
gently opens the  bowels.   The  term  had for- 
              APERISTATON               8:

merly a much more extensive signification, and,
like Catalyt'icum, was given to a substance sup-
posed to have the power of opening any of the
passages, and even the blood-vessels.
  APERIS'TATON,  Aperis'tatum,  from a, pri-
vative, and veoiarripi,  'I  surround.'   An epithet
for an ulcer not dangerous  nor considerable, nor
surrounded by inflammation.
  APERITIF, Aperient.
  APERITIVUS, Aperient.
  APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrae superi-
oris.
  APERTO'RIUM, from aperio, 'I open.'  An
instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour.
  APERTURA,  Mouth — a. Anterior ventriculi
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri)—a. Pelvis superior,
866 PclviS«
  APEUTIIYSMENOS, Rectum.
   APEX, Mucro.  The  point or extremity of a
part:—as the apex of the tongue, nose, Ac.
  Apex Linguae, Proglossis.
   APH.ERESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation.
   APHALANGI'ASIS,  from a, ' intensive/ and
(paXayt, 'phalanx.'  The fourth stage of Oriental
leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre-
nous condition of the  fingers.
   APHASSOM'ENOS,  from a<f>aaaw, 'I touch,  I
feel.'  The  touching of the parts  of generation
of the female as a means of diagnosis. — Hippo-
crates.  See Esaphe.
   APHEDRA, Anus.
   APHEDRIA, Menses.
   APHEDROX, Anus.
   APHELI'A, aipeXns,  'simple'   Simplicity.
The simple manners of  the sect of Methodists in
teaching and practising medicine.
   APHELX'IA, from aipeXKw, ' I abstract'  Vo-
luntary inactivity  of the whole or the greater
part of the external senses to the impressions of
surrounding  objects,  during wakefulness.   Re-
very, (F.) Rererie.  Dr.  Good has  introduced
this into his Nosology, as well as Aphelx'ia so-
cors or absence of mind—A. inten'ta  or abstrac-
tion of mind : and A.  otio'sa, Stu'dium ina'ne,
broum study or listless musing.
   APHEPSEMA, Decoction.
   APHEPSIS, Decoction.
   APHE'RESIS, Apha'resis, from aibaipew, ' I
take away.'  An operation by which any part of
the  body is  separated from the other.   Hippo-
crates, according to Foesius, uses the  expression
Apha'resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage;
and Sennertus,  to  express  the  condition of an
animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind
and of the mind itself.
   APH'ESIS, from atpinpi, 'I relax.'  A  remis-
sion.  This word expresses sometimes the dimi-
nution  or cessation of a disease; at others, lan-
guor and debility of the lower extremities.  See
Xanguor, and Remission.
   APHILAX'THROPY,ApManrW;»a,froma,
privative, tpiXew, ' I love/ and avSpwxos, ' a man.'
Dislike to man.   Love of solitude.  Vogel has
given this name to the first degrep of melancholy.
   APHISTESTS, Abscess.
   APHODEUMA, Excrement.
   APHODUS, Excrement.
   APHONETUS, Aphonus.
   APHO'NIA, Liga'tio lingua, Loque'la abol'ita,
Defec'tus loque'la, Dyspho'nia, (of  some,) Aph'-
ony, (F.) Aphonie, Perte de la Voix, from  a, pri-
vative,  and tpwvn, ' voice.'  Privation of voice, or
of the  sounds that ought to be produced  in the
glottis.  When aphonia forms part  of catarrh or
of'cold/ it is commonly of but little consequence;
but when produced by causes  acting on the ner-
vous system,  as  by some  powerful emotion, or
without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa-
                 APIONTA

ratus, (Laryngo-paralysis,) it  frequently  resists
all remedies.
  Aphonia, Catalepsy —a.  Surdorum, Mutitas
Surdorum.
  APHONICUS, Aphonus.
  APHO'NUS,  Apho'nicus, Apho'netua;  same
etymon.   Relating to aphonia.
  APHONY, Aphonia.
  APHORIA, sUerilitas.              «
  APHORICUS, Sterile.
  APHORUS^ Sterile.
  APHOR'ME,  a<poppn,  'occasion.'  The exter-
nal and manifest cause of any thing.   The occa-
sional cause of a disease.—Hippocrates.
  APHRO'DES, 'frothy/ from atppos,  'foam/
and tilos, 'resemblance.'  Applied  to  the blood
and the excrements.—Hippocrates.
  APHR0D1SIA, Coition, Puberty.
  APHRODIS'IAC,  Aphrodisiacus, from Afpo-
lirrj,  'Venus.'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaque.   Medicine
or food believed to be capable of exciting to  the
pleasures of love; as ginger, cantharides,  Ac.
They are generally stimulants.
  APHRODISIACUS, Venereal.
  APHRODISIASMUS, Coition.
  APHRODISIOG'RAPIIY, from ktppoli-n,, 'Ve-
nus/ and ypaipw, 'I  describe.'  Etymologically,
this term means a description  of the pleasures of
love, but it has been placed at  the head of a work
describing the venereal disease.
  APHROG'ALA, from atppos, 'foam/ and yaXa,
' milk.'   Lac apumo'aum.  A name formerly given
to milk rendered frothy by agitation.
  APHRONIA, Apoplexy.
  APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda.
  APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity.
  APHTHAE, Aphta, Aptha, from a-nrw, 'I in-
flame.'   Thrush  or sore mouth, Aphtha lactu'ci-
men,  A. Infan'tum,  Lactu'cimen,  Lactucim'ina,
Al'cola,  Lactu'mina,  Em'phlysis aphtha,  Ulcera
serpen'tia oris,  Pus'tula orie,  Febria  aphtho'sa,
Angi'na aphtho'sa, Vesic'ula gingiva'rum, Sto-
matitis exsudati'va, S. vesiculo'sa infan'tum, Sto-
map'yra,  S. aphtha,  Prunella, White Thrush,
Milk Thrush.  Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl-
coloured vesicles, confined  to the  lips, mouth,
and intestinal canal, and generally terminating
in curd-like sloughs.  In France, the Aphthae of
children,  Aphthes des Enfans, is called Muguet,
Millet, Blanchct, Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite
cremeuse  pultacee,  Pultaceous inflammation of
the Mouth ; and generally receives two divisions
—the mild or  discreet, (F.) Muguet  benin  ou dis-
cret,  and the  malignant, (F.)  Muguet rualin ou
confluent, the  Black Thrush.  Common Thrush is
a disease of no  consequence,  requiring  merely
the use of absorbent laxatives. The  malignant
variety, which is rare, is of a more, serious cha-
racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp-
toms,— Typhus aphtho'ideus.
  Aphthae Adultorum, Stomatitis,  aphthous—a.
Praeputii, Herpes praeputii—a. Serpentes,  Cancer
aquaticus.             ^
  APHTHE  GAXGRENEUX, Cancer  aqua-
ticus.
  APHTHES DES  ENFANS, Aphthae.
  APHTHEUX, Aphthous.
  APHTHO'DES, Aphthoides, Aphthdideus, from
aphtha, and ctlos, 'resemblance.'  Aphthous-like.
Resembling aphthae.
  APH'THOUS, Aphtho'sus, (F.) Aphtheux.  Be-
longing to aphthae; complicated with aphthae;
as Aphthous Fever.
  APIASTRUM, Melissa.
  APICES  CRURUM  MEDULLA  OBLON-
GATA,  Corpora striata—a. Digitorum, Pupulae.
  APILEPSIA, Apoplexy.
  APIONTA, see Excretion.
8 
APIOS
89
APOLYSIA
  APIOS, Pyrus communis.
  APIS, Bee.
  API'TES, from amov, 'a pear.'   Perry.—Gor-
raiiiR.
  APIUM, A. graveolens—a. Ammi, Ammi — a.
Anisum, Pimpinella anisum—a. Carvi, Carum.
  Apium   Giiaveolens,  Apium   Paluda'pium,
llcli'iium, Ses'eli graveolens, Sium  graveolens, S.
a'pium,  Small age,  (F.) Ache.  Nat. Ord. Um-
belliferae.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.  The
plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and carmi-
native.  Selery is a variety of this.
  Ai'ium  Hoiitensk,  A. graveolens—a. Monta-
num, Athamanta aureoselinum — a. Paludapium,
A. C ra veolens—a. Petriwum, Bubon Maeedonicum.
   Apium  Petroseli'num,  Apium  Horten'se  seu
vulgn'rr,  Elcoseli'num (?), Grielum, Petroseli'-
num, Common Parsley, (F.) Persil. The root—
Petrosclinum, (Ph. U. S.)—and seeds are diuretic
and aperient.
   Apium  Sium, Sium  nodiflorum—a. Vulgare, A.
graveolens.
   APLAS'TIC,  Aplas'ticus,  from a,  privative,
and pXaaaw, ' I form.'  That which  is not capable
of forming; that which does not serve  to form,
or is not organizable.
   Aplastic Element; one which is unsuscep-
tible of  any farther  amount of organization.—
Gerber.
  APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance.
  APLEU'ROS, from a, privative, and irXsvpos,
'a rib.'  One without ribs.—Hippocrates, Galen.
  APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia,  from airXoos,  'sim-
ple/ and rtpvw, ' I cut'  A simple incision.
  APNEUSTIA, Apncea, Asphyxia.
  APNtE'A, from a,  privative,  and ttvew, 'I re-
spire.'  Asphyx'ia, Apneus'tia.  Absence of re-
spiration, RespAra'tio abol'ita,' or insensible respi-
ration.  Also, Orthopnoaa.
  Apncea Infantum,  Asthma Thymicum.
  A l'N(EASPHYXIA, Asphyxia.
  APXUS, anvoos, same etymon.  One devoid of
respiration.  An epithet applied  by authors to
cases in which  the respiration is  so small and
slow, that it seems suspended. — Castelli.  It is
probable, however, that the word was always ap-
plied to the patient, not to the disease.
  APO, ano, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out'
Hence—
  APOBAMMA, Embamma.
  APOBAINON, Eventus.
  AP0BESOMEN0N. Eventus. •
  APOBIOSIS,  Death.
  APOBLEMA. Abortion.
  APOBOLE, Abortion.
  APOBRASMA, Furfur.
  APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
  APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio.
  APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis.
  APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic
  APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma.
  APOCENO'SIS, Aposceno'sis, from oiro, 'out/
and xcvwais, 'evacuation.'  A partial evacuation,
according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, which
signifies a general evacuation.—Cullen and Swe-
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes.
  Apocenosis,  Abovacuatio—a. Diabetes melli-
tus, Diabetes—a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Saliva-
tion—a. Voinitus pyrosis, Pyrosis.
  APOCHOREOX. Excrement.
  APOCIIREMMA, Sputum.
  APOCHREMPSIS, Exspuition.
  APOCH'YMA, from anoX"»,  ' I pour out.'   A
sort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im-
pregnated with chloride of sodium.  It was used
as a  discutient  of tumours.—Aiitius,  Paulus,
Uorrmus.
  APOCIX GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apocynum an-
drosaemifolium.
  APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma.
  APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust.
  APOCOPE, from  airo, and  xottrciv, 'to cut.'
Abscission.  A  wound with loss of substance.
Fracture with loss of part of a bone.  Amputa-
tion.
  APOCOPUS, Castratus.
  AP0CR1S1S,  Contagion, Excrement,  Secre-
tion.
  APOCROUS'TIC,  Apocrous'tica seu Apocrus'-
tica, (remed'iaf) from airo,  'out,' and xpovw, 'I
push.'   An astringent and repellent—Galenus.
  APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic
  APOCYESIS, Parturition.
  APOCYNUM ANDROS.EMIFO'LIUM,from
a:ro, and kvwv, ' a dog/ because esteemed, of old,
to be fatal to dogs.   Dog's Bane,  Bitter Dog's
Bane,  Milkweed, Bitterroot, Honcybloom,  Catch-
fly, Flytrap, Ip'ecac, (F.)  Apocin  gobe-mouche,
A. amer.  Nat. Ord. Apocyneae.  Sex. Syst. Pent-
andria Digynia.   The root of this plant is found
from Canada to  Carolina.   Thirty grains evacu-
ate the stomach  as  effectually as two-thirds of
the amount of Ipecacuanha, by which name it is
known in various parts of the eastern states.  It
is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States.
  ApOC"ynTjm CANNAB'lNUM, Indian Hemp. This
American plant  possesses  emetic, cathartic, dia-
phoretic and diuretic properties, and has been
strongly recommended in  dropsy.  It has been
given in decoction, — 3'J  0I" tne ro°t hoiled in
three pints of water to two. A wine-glassful for
a dose.
  Apocynum Novje  Anglic Hirsutum, Ascle-
pias tuberosa—a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa—a.
Scandens, Allamanda.
  APODACRYT'ICUS, Belachrymati'ims, from
otto, 'from/  and laxpvw, 'I weep.  A substance,
supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then
to arrest them.—Columella, Pliny, Galenus.
  APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia.
  APOD'IA, from a,  privative, and kovs, 'a foot'
Want of feet; hence Apous or Apus, one who has
no feet.
  APODYTE'RIUM, Coniste'rium, Spoliato'-
rium, Spolia'rium, from atrolvw, 'I strip off.' The
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves
in the ancient gymnasia.
  APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning.
  APOGALACTOS,  Exuber.
  APOGEUSIS, Ageustia.
  APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia.
  APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis.
  APOGON, Imberbis.
  APOG'OXUM, from awo, and yivopai, 'I exist/
A living foetus in utero.—Hippocrates.
  APOLEPISIS, Desquamation.
  APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation.
  APOLEP'SIS, Apolep'sia, Apolip'sis, from
aizoXapftavoi,  'I retain.'  Retention, suppression.
—Hippocrates.   Asphyxia.
  APOLEX'IS,  from anoXnyw,  'I  cease.'  Old
age, decrepitude.
  APOLINO'SIS, from a™, and Xnov, 'a flaxen
thread.'  The mode  of operating for fistula in
ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or Li num
crudum.—Hippocrates, Paulus.
  APOLIPSIS, Apolepsis.
  APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
  APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  APOLYSTA, Apolysis, froma.ToXi'w, 'I loosen.'
Solution.  Relaxation.  Debility  of the limbs or
looseness of bandages.—Erotian.  Expulsion of
the foetus and its dependencies.  Termination of
a disease.—Hippocrates, Galen. 
APOMATHEMA              90                APOPLEXIA
  APOMATIIE'MA, Apomathe'aia, from airo, and
*av$avu>, 'I learn.' Forgetfulness of things taught.
—Hippocrates.
  APOM'ELI, from airo,  'of/ and peXi, 'honey.'
An oxymel or decoction made of honey.—Galen,
Aetius, Paulus, Ac.
  APOMEX1S, Munctio.
  APOMYLE'XAS,  from a-opvXXaivw,  'I  make
a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards,
pressing  them against each other.  Occasionally
a symptom of nervous fever.—Galen, Erotian.
  APOMYTHO'SIS, from airopvoow, 'I snore.'
A disease in which there is stertor.—Sauvages,
Sagar.
  APOMYXIA, Nasal  mucus.
  APOXEUROG'RAPHY,   Aponeurogra'phia,
from  anovevpwois, an 'aponeurosis/  and ypaQn,
'a description.'  A description of the Aponeu-
roses.
  APONEUROL'OGY, Aponeurolog"ia, from
anovevpwats,  'an aponeurosis.'  and Xoyos,  'a dis-
course.' Aponeurosiol'ogy.  The anatomy of the
aponeuroses.
  APOXEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology.
  APONEURO'SIS,  Aponevro'sis, from  airo,
'from/ and vivpov, 'a nerve.'  Pronerva'tio, Be-
nerva'tio, Enerva'tio,  Expan'sio nervo'sa,  (F.)
Aponeurose,  Aponcvrose.   The  ancients  called
every white part vtvpov,  and regarded the Apo-
neurosis  as  a nervous expansion.  Tghe Aponeu-
roses are white, shining membranes, very resist-
ing,  and  composed  of fibres interlaced.  Some
are continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ
only from tendons by their flat form.  They are
called Aponeuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponevroses
d'insertion, when they are at the extremities of
muscles, and attach them to the bone;—Aponeu-
roses of intersection, (F.) Aponevroses d'intersec-
tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus-
cle, and  are continuous on both sides with mus-
cular fibres.  Others surround the muscle,  and
prevent its displacement: they are called envelop-
ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponevroses d'enveloppe.
  Aponeurosis, Fascia—a. Crural, Fascia lata—
a. Femoral, Fascia lata—a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca.
  APOXEUROSI'TIS,  from aponeurosis,  and
if is, ' denoting inflammation.'  Inflammation of
an aponeurosis.
  APONEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus.  What re-
lates to Aponeuroses :—thus, we say Aponeurotic
expansion, Aponeurotic muacle, Ac
  APOXEUROT'OMY,   Aponeurotom'ia,  from
a-Kovevpwais,  'aponeurosis/ and repvw,  'I  cut'
Anatomy of aponeuroses.
  Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the
division, (debridement) of filaments, Ac, in  apo-
neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciae.
   APONEVROSE  PEBIEUSE, see  Pedal
Aponeurosis—a. Superficielle de I'AJbdomen et de
la Cuisse, Fascia superficialis.
  APOXEVROSIS, Aponeurosis.
   APON'IA, from a, privative, and irovos, 'pain.'
 Freedom from pain.
   APONIPSIS, Ablution.
   APOPALLE'SIS, Apopal'eia,  from  arroiraXXu),
 ' I throw off.'  Expulsion.  Protrusion.—Hippo-
 crates.   Also, Abortion.
   APOPATE'MA, Apop'athoa, Apop'atua.  The
 excrement, and the place where it is  deposited.—
 Dioscorides, Erotian.
   APOPEDASIS, Luxation.
   APOPHLEGMATISAXS PER NARES, Er-
 rhine—a. per Os,  Sialogogue.
   APOPHLEGMATISAX'TIA,  Apophlegmati-
 ton'ta, Apophlegmatis'mi,  from airo, 'out/ and
 ipXrypa, 'phlegm.' Medicines which facilitate the
 upward  expulsion of  mucus  from  the mucous
membrane of the digestive  or  air passages; as
gargles, masticatorics, Ac.
  APOPHLEG'MATISM,   Apophlegmatis'mus.
The action of Apophlegmatisantia.—Galen.
  APOPHLEGMAT1SMI, Apophlegmatisantia.
  APOPH'RADES,  from   airoippas,  'unlucky.'
An epithet  applied  to  unlucky days, (dies ne-
fandi.)  Days  on which a favourable  change
is  not expected to occur in a disease.—A. Lau-
rentius.
  APOPIIRAXIS, Amenorrhoea.
  APOPHTIIAR'MA,  Apoph'thora,  from airo,
and  tp&eipw,  'I corrupt/ Abortion, as well as a
medicine to  procure abortion.
  APOPHTHORA, Abortion.
  APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive.
  APOPHY'ADES,  from airo,  'froffl/ and $vw,
' I spring.'   The ramifications of veins and arte-
ries.—Hippocrates.
  APOPHYSE BASIL AIRE, Basilary process
—a. En gain ante ou  vaginale, Vaginal process—
a. Pyramidale,  see Temporal Bone — a. J'ctrcc,
see Temporal Bone.,
   APOPHYSES EPINEUSES,  Spinous pro-
cesses of the vertebras.
   APOPH'YSIS, from airo, 'from/ and $vw, 'I
rise/ Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Appendix, A process
of a  bone, Prominentia ossis contin'ua.  When
the apophysis  is yet separated from the body of
the  bone by intervening cartilage, it  is called
Epiph'ysis.   The apophyses or processes are, at
times, distinguished by epithets, expressive of
their form :  as A. styloid, A. eoracoid, Ac.  Others
are not preceded by  the word apophysis; as Tro-
chanter, Tuberosity,  Ac.
   Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias  is a term applied
to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone.
   Apophysis  of Rau, Grele apophyse du Mar-
teau : see Malleus.
   Apophysis Zygomatica, Zygomatic process.
   APOPIES'MA, from airo-me^w, ' I compress.'
Hippocrates uses the  term to  signify a fancied
expression  or  forcing  out  of humours by the
application  of  bandages in wounds  and frac-

   APOPLANESIS, Error loci.
   APOPLECTIC,   Apoplec'ticus.  Referring to
Apoplexy.  This word has various  significations.
 It is applied, 1. To individuals labouring under
 apoplexy: 2.  To remedies  proper for combating
 apoplexy: 3.  To the constitution,  temperament,
 or  make,  Architectu'ra  apoplec'tica,  Hab'itus
 apoplec'ticus, which predisposes to it, and, 4. To
 the  symptoms which  characterize  apoplexy; as
 Apoplectic  sleep, A. stroke, A. stertor, Ac.  The
jugular  veins  have also,  by some,  been called
 Apoplectic veina, Vena apoplec'tica.
   APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic.
   Apoplectic Cell.  A cavity remaining in the
 encephalon, after the  effusion of  blood and its
 subsequent absorption.
   APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy—a. Catalepsia, Cata-
 lepsia—a.  Cerebralis,  see Apoplexy—a. Cerebri,
 see Apoplexy—a. Cordis, Haemocardiorrhagia—
 a. Hydrocephalica,  Hydrocephalus internus—a.
 Hepatica,  Hepatorrhagia—a. Medullaris, Apo-
 plexia  myelitica—a. Meningaea, Apoplexy, me-
 ningeal.
   Apoplexia  Myelit'ica; A.  Mcdulla'ris,  A.
 Spina'lis, A. Rachia'lis, Hamor'rhachis, Myelor-
 rhag"ia, Mydapoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie de la
 Moelle epinQre, Hemorrhagic de la Moelle epiui-
 ire, Hemuto-myelie,  Hemo-myeiorrhaejie, He' ma-
 torrhachie.  Hemorrhage into the spinal marrow.
   Apoplexia  Nervosa, Apoplexy,  nervous__a.
 Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain__a.
 Pituitosa, see Apoplexy—a. Pulmonalis, see Hae-
 moptysis — a.  Pulmonum,  see Haemoptysis__a. 
AP0PLEX1E CAPILLAIRE        91
APOSTERIGMA
Renalis, Apoplexy, renal—a. Rachialis, A. mye-
litica — a. Sauguinea, see Apoplexy — a. Serosa,
sec Apoplexy—a. Simplex, Apoplexy, nervous—
a.  Spasmodica, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spinalis,
Apoplexia  myclitica — a. Tomulenta, see Temu-
lcntia.
   APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE, Mollifies ce-
p'liri —a. Cerebrate, Apoplexy, Hemorrhagic cere-
bral,-.
   APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun-
dering Apoplexy.'  A form  of apoplexy, which
is  intense and rapidly fatal.
   APOPLEXIE MEN INGE E, Apoplexy, me-
ningeal — a. Be la Moelle Epiniere,  Apoplexy,
spinal.
   AP'OPLEXY,  Apoplex'ia,  from a-onXtirreiv,
' to strike  with violence.'   At the present day,
the term apoplexy is employed by many writers
to  signify  interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) Hemor-
rhagic, interstitielle,  or  every  effusion  of blood,
which occurs suddenly into  the substance of an
organ or tissue.  Hence, we speak  of cerebral
apoplexy,  pulmonary apoplexy, Ac.  Ac.   For-
merly it was always — and  still is by many —
used  in a  restricted  sense,  to  signify, in other
words, the train  of phenomena,  which  cha-
racterize cerebral apoplexy.  This disease, Ha-
morrha'gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia, Carus Apoplex'ia,
Coma Ajtoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia cer'ebri sanguin'ea,
A. ccrebra'lis,  Encephalorrhag" ia,  San'guinis
ictus, Hamatenceph'alum, Pulpc.z'ia,  Sidera'tio,
Apileps'ia, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta, Theople'gia,
Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie,  A. cerebrale, llema-
toeiicephalie, Coup de sang,  is characterized  by
diminution, or loss of sensation and mental ma-
nifestation ; by the cessation, more or less com-
plete, of motion ;  and by a comatose  state,—cir-
culation and respiration continuing.  It generally
consists in  pressure upon the brain;  either  from
turgescence of vessels, or from extravasation  of
blood : hence the terms Hamenceph'alus, Hemor-
rhagic cerebrale, and Hemoencephalorrhagie, ap-
plied  to it by some.   The general prognosis is
unfavourable ; especially when it occurs after the
age of 35.  When Apoplexy,  is accompanied with
a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is
called Apoplexia sanguin'ea, Cataph'ora coma;
when with a feeble pulse and pale countenance,
and evidences of serous effusion, Apioplex'ia  se-
ro'sa, A. pituito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Cataph'ora
hydrocephal'ica, Encephaloch' ysis senilis, Hydro-
cephalus  acu'tus  senum,  Hydroencephalorrhee,
(Piorry), Hydropisie cerebrale suraigu'e, Hydror-
rhagie.
   In Nervoua Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'aa seu
spasmod'ica, A. simplex, Simple apoplexy, no  le-
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection,
although the patient may have died under all the
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
   Apoplexy-  of  the  Heart, Haemocardior-
rhagia.
   Apoplexy, Mkninge'al,  Apoplex'ia menin-
ga'a, (F.) Apoplexie meningee, Hemorrhagie mi-
ningca.  Hemorrhage from the meninges of the
brain or spinal marrow,  generally into  the great
cavity of tho arachnoid.
   Apoplkxy, Nervous, see Apoplexy—a. Pul-
monary, see Haemoptysis—a. Simple, A. Nervous.
   Apoplexy,  Renal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis.  A
condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep
black colour.  Effusion of blood into the  sub-
stance of the kidney.
  Apoplexy, Skrous, see Apoplexy—a. Spinal,
Apoplexia in volition.
  APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio.
  AP0PN1XIS, Suffocation.
  APOPNOE, Exspiratio.
  APOPNffiA, Exspiratio.
  APOPSYCHIA, Svncope.
  APOPTO'SIS,  from a™™*™,  'I fall down.'
A relaxation of bandages.—Erotian.
  APORRHOE, Aporrhcea.
  APORRHffi'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Defiu'-
vium, from aitoopiw, ' I flow from.'  An emana-
tion, effluvium, contagion.—Moschion.  A falling
off of the hair, according to some.
  APORRHYSIS, Aporrhcea.
  APOSCEM'MA, Aposcejj'sis, from atroaxnttw.
' I lie down, I direct myself towards.'  Afflux of
fluids towards a part.   Metastasis.  The first
word has been applied to the excrements.—Hip-
pocrates, Galen.
  APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis.
  APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Beascia'tio, from aro
and  cKenapvov, 'a hatchet'  Wound of the cra-
nium, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece
of the bone has been cut out,  as with a hatchet.
—Gorraeus.
  APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemma.
  APOS'CHASIS, Aposchaa'mua, from airocxa^w,
' I scarify.'  Scarifica'tion.  A slight  superficial
incision in the skin.   Also, blood-letting.—Hip-
pocrates.
  APOS'IA,  Sitis defec'tua, from a,  privative,
and  ttoais, 'drink.'  Want of  thirst, absence  of
desire for liquids.
  APOSI'TIA, from airo,' from/ and airos, ' food.'
Aversion for food.—Galen.  See Disgust.
  APOSIT'IC, Apoait'icua ; the same etymology.
Any substance which destroys the appetite,  or
suspends hunger.
  APOSPAS'MA, from aKoo-ttaw, 'I tear or lace-
rate.'  (F.) Arrachement.   A solution  of conti-
nuity, especially of a ligament;  Rhegma liga-
menta're, Lacera'tio ligamentu'ria.
  APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from
airo, and apaxeXos, 'mortification.'   Gangrene  in
wounds and  fractures,  owing to the bandages
being too tight.—Hippocrates.
  APOSPHINX'IS,   attoo<piy^is,    constriction,
compression.   The action of a tight bandage.—
Hippocrates.
  APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for
any purpose.—Gorraeus.
  APOSTALAG'MA, Apostqg'ma,  from  airo,
'from/ and craXa^w, ' I drop.'  The ancient name
for the saccharine liquor which flows from grapes
when not yet pressed.
  APOS'TASIS, from airo, and itrrvpi, 'I stop.'
The  ancients  had different  significations for this
word.  It was most commonly used for an  ab-
scess.  The separation of a fragment of bone  by
fracture.  Removal of disease by  some excre-
tion, Ac.
  APOSTAX'IS, from aironrafa),  'I distil from.'
Sfaxis.  The  defluxion  of any humour,  as  of
blood from the nose.—Hippocrates.
  APOSTE'MA, from arro,  'from/ and tarnpi. 'I
settle/ or from a^tarript, ' I recede from.' This
word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely.
It meant an affection in  which parts, previously
in contact, are separated from each other by a
fluid collected between them.   The  moderns re-
gard it as synonymous with Abscess. Some, even
of the moderns, have applied it  to any wa;ery
tumour, and even to tumours in general.
  Apostema  Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—a. Em-
pyema,  Empyema — a. Parulis, Parulis — a. Pha-
langum, Fourche—a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess.-
  APOSTERIG'MA,  from a-roon,p<C>,  'I sup-
port'  Any thing that supports a diseased part,
as a cushion,  a pillow,  Ac — Galen.  A deep-
seated and inveterate disease of the intestines.—
Hippocrates. 
APOSTHIA
92
APPENDIX
  APOS'TniA, Leipoder'mia, from  a privative,
and itoaQia, ' prepuce.'  Want of prepuce.
  APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUEXT'UM, Dodeca-
phar'macum, Ointment of the Apostles.  So called,
because as many solid ingredients entered into
its composition as there were apostles.  It con-
tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax,
oil, vinegar, verdigris, Ac, and was formerly em-
ployed as a vulnerary.
  APOS'TROPHE,  from  airo,  and  arp^w,  'I
turn.'  An aversion or disgust for food.—Paulus.
Also, the direction of humours towards other parts.
  APOSYRMA.  Abrasion, Desquamation.
  APUTELES'MA, from airo, and nXeapa,  'com-
pletion.'   The. result or termination of a disease.
See, also,  Amuletum.
  APOTIIANASIA, see Death.
  APOTHE'C A, Pharmacc' um,Pharmacopo'lium,
from airo, and ndnpi,  'to place.'  Any place  where
things are kept, and  therefore ' a shop/ and par-
ticularly a wine cellar.  A place or vessel wherein
medicines are kept.  See Pharmacopolium.
  APOTHECARIES' HALL.  The  Hall  of the
Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon-
don, where medicines  are  prepared  and sold
under  their direction, Ac.  This Company ob-
tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th year
of James the First.   No general practitioner can
establish himself in  England or Wales, without
having obtained  a license from the Court of Ex-
aminers of the Company.
  APOTH'ECARY,  Apotheca'riua, Dispensa'tor,
Pharmaeopo'la, Pigmenta'riua,  Pharmacopce'ua,
Pharma'ceua,  Pharmaceu'ta, Rhizot'omus, My-
ropo'les, Myropo'lus, Pharmacter, Pharmacia''-
gicus, Pharmacur'gus, Pharmaceu'tist, same deri-
vation,  (F.) Apothicaire, Pharmacien,  Pharma-
copole.  In  every country except Great Britain,
it means one who' sells drugs, makes up prescrip-
tions, Ac   In addition to these  offices, which,
indeed, they rarely exercise,  except  in the case
of their own patients, the Apothecaries in Eng-
land form a privileged class of  practitioners—a
kind of sub-physician.
  APOTHERAPEI'A, Apotherapi'a, Apothera-
peu'sis, from arto&epaKevw,  (airo and  Bepavevw,) 'I
cure.'  A perfect  cure.—Hippoc.  In the ancient
Gymnastics, it meant the  last part of the exer-
cises :—the  friction,  inunction,  and bathing, for
the purpose of obviating  fatigue, or curing dis-
ease.—Galen, Gorraeus.
  APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia.
  APOTHER'MUM, from airo, and Stppn, 'heat/
A pickle made of mustard, oil,  and vinegar.—
Galen.
  APOTH'ESIS,  from  azonSnpi,  'I replace.'
The position proper to be given to a fractured
limb, after reduction.
  APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary.
  APOTHICAIRERIE,  (F.) from  airoSvxv,  'a
warehouse, shop.'  The same as Apotheca; also,
a gallipot.
  APOTHLIM'MA, from airo,  and  SXi/Sw,  'I
press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and  some-
times the expressed  juice, Succus expres'sua, of
plants.—Gorraeus.
  APOTHRAU'SIS, from airoV". 'I break.'
Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex-
traction of a spiculum of bone.—Gorraeus.  Also,
Abscission.
  APOTILMOS, Evulsion.
  APOT'OKOS,  from  airo, and  nxrw, 'I bring
forth.'  An abortive  foetus.—Hippocrates.
  APOTOME, Amputation.
  APOTOMIA, Amputation.
  APOTROP.EUM, Amuletum.
   APOTROPE,  Aversion.  Also, deviation—as
»f a limb—Parat'rope.
  APOXYSMUS, Abrasion.
  APOZEM,  Decoction.
  APOZESIS. Decoction.
  APPARA'TUS, Parasccu'e, from ad and pa-
rare, ' to prepare.'   This word signifies a collec-
tion of instruments, Ac, for any operation what-
ever.   (F.) Appareil.
  In surgery, it  means the methodical arrange-
ment of all the instruments and objects necessary
for an operation  or dressing.   By extension, the
French give  the name Appareil, Capsa chirur'-
gica, to the case  or drawers in which the appara-
tus is arranged.
  Apparatus has likewise been applied to the
different modes of operating  for the stone.—See
Lithotomy.
  In  Physiology, Apparatus  (Appareil) is ap-
plied to a collection of organs, all of which work
towards the same end.  A system of organs com-
prehends  all those  formed of a similar texture.
An apparatus often comprehends organs of vory
different nature.   In the former, there is analogy
of structure; in the latter, analogy of function.
  Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy.
  Apparatus Immov'able, (F.) Appareil immo-
bile, Immovable  Bandage,  Permanent Bandage.
An apparatus for fractures,  which is generally
formed by wetting the bandages  in some sub-
stance,  as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid,
and retains the parts in situ.
  Apparatus Lateralis, see  Lithotomy — a.
Major, see Lithotomy—a. Minor, see Lithotomy.
  APPAREIL, Apparatus, Boiticr— a. Grand,
see Lithotomy—a. Haut, see  Lithotomy—a. Im-
mobile, Apparatus, immovable—a. Lateralise, see
Lithotomy — a.  Petit, see Lithotomy—a. Pig-
mental, Pigmental apparatus.
  APPAREILS DE FORMATION,  (F.) Gall
admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres; the
one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral pe-
duncles to  the  convolutions, and  constituting
what he calls appareils de formation: the other,
convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions
to the  centre of  the organ, constituting what he
calls appareils de reunion.  The first, as a whole,
form the organs of the mental faculties : the latter
are commissures, which unite parts of the organ
that are double and in pairs.
  APPAUVRI, Impoverished.
  APPENDICE, Appendix—a. Cacal, Appen-
dix vermiformis  casci—a. Digital, Appendix ver-
miformis  caeci — a. Sous-stemale, Xiphoid carti-
lage — a.  Sus-spheno'idale du cerveau,  Pituitary
gland—a. Xiphoide, Xiphoid cartilage.
  Appendices Coli Adipose, Appendiculae epi-
ploicae—Epiplo'iques, Appendicular epiploicae.
  APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland
— a. Vermiformis  caeci, see Appendix — a. Epi-
ploica, Epiploic appendage.
  APPENDIC'ULiE PINGUEDIXO'S.E, Epip-
loic appendages, Appendic'ula Epiplo'iea, Ap-
pendices  coli adipo'sa, Omen'tula, (F.)  Appen-
dicea  Epiplo'iques.  Prolongations  of  the  peri-
toneum beyond the surface of the great intestine,
which are analagous in texture and arrangement
to omenta.
  APPEN'DIX, Epiph'ysis, from appendere, (ad
andpendere, 'to hang/) 'to hang from.'  Any
part that adheres to an organ or is continuous
with it:—seeming as if added to it.  An append-
age; an apophysis, (F.) Appendice, Annexe.
  Appendix Auricul.e,  see Auricles  of  tho
Heart
  Appendix Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad
Cerebrum, Cerebellum—a. Cutanea Septi Narium
Statica Septi Narium—a. to the Epididymis Vas-
culum aberrans—a. Ventriculi, Duodenum.
  Appendix Vermifor'mis,  Appendic'ula  Ver- 
APPENSIO
93
AQUA
mi for'mis CV/;V/, Tubus Vermicula'ria Cep.ei,  Ec-
phyna, Additamcii'tum Coli, Appen'dixs Cce''i,(V.)
Appendice vermiforme,  A. cmcal ou digital.  A
vermicular process,  the  size of a  goose-quill,
which  hangs  from  the intestine caecum. Its func-
tions are unknown.
  APPENSIO, see Analeptia.
  AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from appctere, (ad
and petere,)  ' to desire.'  An ardent, passionate
desire  for any object..
  APPETIT,  PEItTE D',  Anorexia.    '
  AP'PETITE, Appetltua, Appeten'tia, Appeti"-
tia, (ad  and  petere,) 'to seek/ Cupi'do, Orex'is,
Urine: same etymology as the last.  An internal
sensation, which warns us of the necessity of ex-
erting certain functions, especially those of diges-
tion and generation. In the latter case it is called
venereal appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  vinirien:  in the
former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit  ou Appeti-
tion.   I f the  desire for food, occasioned by a real
want,  be  carried to  a certain extent, it  is called
hunger, when solid food is concerned ; thiret, when
liquid.   Appetite  and hunger  ought not, how-
ever,  to  be employed  synonymously:  they are
different  degrees of the same want.  Hunger is
an  imperious desire: it cannot bo provoked, like
the appetite.  It is always allayed by eating: but
not so the appetite;  for, at times, it may  be ex-
cited  in  this manner.   They are very generally,
however, used synonymously.
  Appetite, Morbid, Limosis.
  Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire,  (F.)
Le gineaique, Amour phyaique.   The instinctive
feeling that attracts  the sexes towards each other
to effect  the work  of reproduction.
  APPETITES CAN1NUS, Boulimia—a. Defi-
ciens,  Dysorexia.
  APPLE, ADAMS, Pomum Adami—a. Bitter,
Cncumis  colocynthis — a. Curassoa,  Aurantium
curassaventium — a. Eye, see  Melon—a. May,
Podophyllum poltatum—a. Root, Euphorbia co-
rollata.
  Apple Tea, Apple water.  Slice two large, not
over-ripe apples, and pour over a pint of  boiling
water.  After an hour,  pour off  the fluid,  and, if
necessary, sweeten with sugar.
  Apple Tree, Pyrus malus.
  APPLtCA'TA,from applicare, (adundplicarr,
'to fold/) 'to apply.'  A word, unnecessarily in-
troduced into medical  language, to express the
objects which are applied immediately to the sur-
face of the body, as  clothes, cosmetics, baths, Ac.
—Hallc\
  APPLICA'TION, Applica'tio, (same etymon,)
in a moral signification, is synonymous with At-
tention.   Also, the act  of applying one thing to
another;  as  the application of an apparatus, of
a bandage, blister, Ac
  APPKEHEN'SIO, from  ad  and prehendere,
'to  take.' This word  is  employed  in various
senses.  It means catalepsy or eatoche. —  Paul
Zaeehias.  A kind of bandage  for securing any
part   Also, a therapeutical indication.
  APPROCIIE, Coition.
  APPROXIMATION, Approxima'tio, from ad
and proximus,  'nearest'  Ettmuller gave  this
name  to a pretended method of curing disease,
by making it pass  from man into some animal or
vegetable, by the aid of immediate  contact
  APR ACTA, from a,  priv.. and upaaaw, 'I act'
Without  action.  An epithet for the parts of ge-
neration, 'hen unfit  for copulation or generation.
  APRIC VTIO, Insolation.
  APRICOT. Prunus Armeniaca.
  APUOOTUS, see Atretus.
  APROSO'PIA,  Triocephalia, from  a, priv.,
and irpomo-ov. ' the face.' A malformation, which
consists in the face being deficient.
  APROSOPUS, Mieroprosopus.
  APSINTHIA'TLM,  from  a^ivStov, 'worm-
wood.'  A  sort  of  drink made  of wormwood.
—Acting.
  APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
  APSYCHIA, Syncope.
  APSYXIA, Syncope.
  APTH.E, Aphthae.
  APTYS'TOS,  from a, priv., and -ttrvw, 'I spit/
Devoid of  expectoration.  An epithet given  to
certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora-
tion.—Hippocrates.
  APUS, see Apodia.
  APY'ETOS, from' a, priv., and ttvov, 'pus.' An
external affection, which does not end in suppu-
ration.
  APYIQUE, Apyos.
  AP'YOS, from a,  priv., and 7rvov,  'pus/ (F.)
Apyique.   That which does not afford pus.
  APYRECTIC, Apyretic
  APYRENOMELE, Apyromele.
  APYRET'IC, Apyret'icus, Apyrec'tic, Apyrecf-
tiens,  Apyr'etus, from  a,  priv., and irup, 'lire,
fever.'  Without fever.   This  epithet is given  to
days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease,
as in the  case  of an intermittent,  as well as  to
some local  affections which do not induce fever.
Urticaria is sometimes called an apyretic exan-
them.
  APYREX'IA. The same etymology.  Absenco
of  fever;  Dialem'ma,  Dialeip'sis,  Dialip'sis,
Tempus intercalate, Interval'lum, Intermis'sio.
Apyrexia  is the condition of  an intermittent
fever between the paroxysms : the duration of
the apyrexia, consequently, depends on the typo
of the intermittent.  Occasionally, the term has
been applied to  the  cessation of  the febrile con-
dition in acute diseases.
  APYROME'LE,  Apyrenome'le, from a, priv.,
xvpriv, ' a nut/ and pr/Xn, ' a sound.'  A sound  or
probe, without a button or nut.  It is the Melo'tis,
Specil'lum  auricula'rium or Auricular sound of
Galen.
  AQUA,  Urine,  Water—a.  Acidi carbonici,
Acidulous  water — a. Acidula  hydrosulphurata,
Naples water (factitious) — a. Aeris fixi, Acidu-
lous water (simple) — a. Alkalina oxymuriatica,
Eau de Jarclle—a. Aluminis compositus, Liquor,
a. c.—a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liq. aluminis com-
positus—a. Ammonia?, Liquor ammoniae—a. Ace-
tatis  ammoniae,  Liquor  ammoniae  acetatis — a.
Ammoniae  carbonatis, Liquor  ammoniae subcar-
bonatis—a. Ammoniae caustica, Liquor ammoniae
—a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii.
  Aqua Amygdala'rum  Concentra'ta,  (F.)
Eau d'Amandes  ameres,  Water of bitter almonds.
Made by bruising well  two pounds of bitter al-
monds; adding, whilst triturating, ten pounds
of spring water,  and four pounds  of alcohol; let-
ting the mixture rest in a well-closed  vessel, and
then distilling two pounds.  Used instead of the
Aqua Laurocerasi, and the Hydrocyanic acid.
  An Aqua  amyg'dala  ama'ra, Bitter Almond
water, has  been  introduced into the last edition
of the  Ph. II.  S..  1S51, (01.  amygdal.  amar.
TTl^xvj.; Magnes. Carbon. ^j.;  Aqua Oij.)
  Aqua Anisi Fortis, Spiritus anisi—a. Aqnis-
granensis,  see  Aix-la-Chapelle—a.  Auditoria,
Cotunnius, Liquor of—a. Aurantii, see Citrus au-
rantium — a. Azotica oxygenata, Aqua nitrogenii
protoxydi — a.  Balsamica arterialis,  Aqua Bi-
nellii—a. Bareginensis, Bareges water—a. Barytae
Muriatis, see Baryta, muriate of—a. Bellilucana,
Balaruc waters—a. Benedicta, Liquor calcis — a.
Benedicta composita. Liquor calcis compositus—
a. Benedicta Rulandi, Vinum antimonii tartari-
zati.
  Aqua Bine'llii, Aequo Binelli. A. Montcrossi, 
AQUiEDUCTUS
             AQUiE ACIDULE              f>

Aqua Balsam'ica arteria'tis, (F.) Eau de Binclli,
Eau de  M<>nterossi.   A celebrated Italian haemo-
static, invented by one Binelli.  Its composition
is unknown, but its virtues have been ascribed to
creasote;  although  there  is reason for believing
it to possess no more activity than cold water.
  Aqua Brocchie'rIi, Acqua Brocchieri,  Broc-
chieri water, (F.) Eau de Brocchieri, Eau styp-
tique de Brocchieri.  A supposed styptic, which
made much noise, at Paris at one time.   It is de-
void of efficacy.  Dr. Paris found nothing in it
but water perfumed by some vegetable essence.
  Aqua Borvonensis, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi-
neral waters of—a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water—
a. Calcariae ustoe, Liquor calcis—a. Calcis, Liquor
calcis—a.  Calcis composita, Liquor calcis compo-
situs — a.  Camphorae,  Mistura camphorae — a.
Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas—a. Car-
bonatis  sodas acidula, Acidulous water,  simple —
a. Catapultarum, Arquebuaade, eau d' — a. Chlo-
rini, see Chlorine.
 iAqua Cinnamo'mi, Cinnamon Water. Distilled
water of Cinnamon Bark.   Prepared also  in the
following  manner.   01. Cinnam.  fj)ssi  Magnea.
Carbon. £j ',  Aq. deatillat. Oij.  Rub the oil  and
carbonate of magnesia; add the water gradually,
and filter.   (Ph. U. S.)
  Aqua Cinnamomi  Fortis, Spiritus Cinnamomi
—a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of.
  Aqua Colora'ta, ' coloured water.'   A  name
given to a prescription in  which simple coloured
water is contained.  Used  in hospital cases, more
especially, where a placebo is demanded.
  Aqua Cupri  Ammoniata, Liquor c. a.—a.  Cu-
pri  vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri  sulphatis
composita—a. inter Cutem, Anasarca—a. Destil-
lata,  Water,  distilled — a. Florum  aurantii, see
Citrus aurantium — a. Fluviatilis, Water, river.
  Aqua Fcenic'uli,  Fennel water.  The  distilled
water of fennel  seed.  It may be  prepared also
like the aqua cinnamomi.
  Aqua Fontana, Water, spring—a. Fortis, Ni-
tric acid—a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted  water
— a. Hordeata,  Decoctum hordei — a. Imbrium,
Water, rain — a. Intercus, Anasarca — a.  Inter
Cutem, Anasarca—a. Juniperi composita, Spiritus
juniperi compositus — a.  Kali, Liquor  potassae
subcarbonatis — a. Kali caustici, Liquor potassae
—a. Kali praeparati, Liquor potassae subcarbon-
atis—a. Kali puri, Liquor potassae—a. Kali sub-
carbonatis, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis—a. La-
byrinthi, Cotunnius,  liquor of—a.  Lactis, Serum
lactis — a.  ex Lacu, Water,  lake — a. Lithargyri
acetati composita, Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis di-
lutus—a. Luciae, Spiritus ammoniae succinatus—
a. Marina,  Water, sea — a. Medicata, Water, mi-
neral.
  Aqua Mentha Piperi't^e, Peppermint Water.
The distilled water of peppermint.   It may be
prepared like the aqua cinnamomi.
  Aqua Menth.e Piperitidis Spirituosa, Spi-
ritus menthae piperitae—a. Menthae viridis, Spear-
mint water; see Aquae menthae piperitae—a.  Men-
thae vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus menthae viridis—
—a. Mineralis, Water, mineral—a. Mirabilis, Spi-
ritus pimentae—a. Mulsa, Hydromeli — a.  Natri
Oxmyuriatici, Liquor sodae chlorinatae — a. Nea-
politana, Naples water,  (factitious)—a. Nephrit-
ica, Spiritus myristica.
  Aqua  Nitrogen'ii  Protox'ydi,  Protox'ide
of Nitrogen Water, Aqua  azot'ica oxygena'ta,
Searle's patent oxyg"enoua aerated water.   A pa-
tent solution of protoxide of nitrogen, said to
contain five  times its  own bulk of  gas.  It has
been recommended as a nervine, and excitant in
nervous conditions, dyspepsia, Ac.   It has also
been  used in cholera, and to counteract  the evil
consequences of drunkenness.  The  dose is  f Jvj,
or^viii, two or three times a  day; or, in dys-
pepsia, as a beverage between meals.
  Aqua Nivata, Water, snow—a. Nucis moscha-
tae, Spiritus myristicm — a. Ophthalmiea, Liquor
zinci  sulphatis cum  camphora— a.  Paludosa,
Water, marsh — a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii,
see Pericardium — a. Picea, see Pinus  sylvestris
— a.  Picis, see Pinus sylvestris—a.  Pluvialis,
Water,  rain — a. Potassaa,  Liquor potassio — a.
Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus pulegii — a. Piitcalie,
Water, well—a. ex Puteo, Water, well—a. Rabelli,
Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Raphani composita,
Spiritus armoraciae compositus—a. Regia, Nitro-
muriatic acid.
  Aqua  RoSjE,  Roee   Water,  Rhodostag'ma,
(Roa. centifol. Ibviij : Aqua cong. ij. M. Distil a
gallon—Ph. U. S.)
  Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral — a, Sappha-
rina,  Liquor cupri ammoniata—a. Saturni, Li-
quor  plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Sclopetaria,
Arquebuaade eau d' — a. Seminum  anisi compo-
site,  Spiritus anisi—a.  Seminum  carui  fortis,
Spiritus carui — a. Sodae effervescens, Acidulous
water, simple — a. Soteria, Water,  mineral — a.
Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Styptica, Liquor
cupri sulphatis composita — a.  Sulphurate sim-
plex, Hydrosulphuretted water — a. Sulphuret!
ammoniae, Liquor fumans  Boylii — a. Thediana,
Arquebuaade eau d' — a. Theriacalis Bezoardica,
Chylostagma diaphoreticum Mindereri — a. To-
fana, Liquor arsenicalis — a.  Tosti  panis, Toast
water—a. Traumatica Thedenii, Arquebusade eau
d'—a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor plumbi subace-
tatis dilutus—a. Viciensis, Vichy water—a. Vi-
triolica camphorata, Liquor ssinci sulphatis cum
camphora—a. Vitriolica caerulea, Solutio sulpha-
tis cupri composita—a. Vulneraria,  Arquebusade
eau d'—a.  Zinci vitriolati cum camphora, Liquor
zinci  sulphatis  cum camphora.
  AQU^E  ACIDULiE,  Acidulous waters —a.
Badiguae, Bath, Mineral waters of—a. Badiza:,
Bath, Mineral waters of—a. Bathoniae, Bath,
Mineral waters of—a. Buxtonienses, Buxton, Mi-
neral waters of—a. Cantuarienses,  Canterbury,
waters of—a. Chalybeatae, Waters, mineral, cha-
lybeate.
  Aqvje Destilla't^e, Distilled Waters, Hydro-
la'ta, (F.) Hydrolats.  These  are made by put-
ting vegetable  substances, as roses, mint, penny-
royal, Ac, into a still with water, and  drawing
off  as much  as is found to possess the aromatic
properties of the plant.   To every gallon of the
distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be added to
preserve it.  The simple distilled waters are some-
times called Aqua stillatil'ia aim'plicea: the spi-
rituous, Aqua  atillatil'ia spiirituo'sa, but more
commonly Spir'itus.
  Aqu^e Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybe-
ate—a. Metus, Hydrophobia—a. Minerales aci-
dulae, Waters,  mineral,  gaseous — a.  Mineralea
ferruginosse, Waters, mineral, chalybeate—a.. Mi-
nerales sulphureae, Waters, mineral, sulphureous
—a. Stillatitiae, Aquae destillatae—a. Solis, Bath,
mineral waters of.
  AQU^EDUC'TUS, Aq'ueduct, from aqua 'wa-
ter/ and ducere, ductum, 'to  lead.'  (F.) Aque-
duc.  Properly, a  canal for  conducting water
from  one place to another.   Anatomists  havo
used it to designate certain canals.
  Aqu*;ductus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the
brain—a. Cotunnii, Aquasductus vestibuli.
  Aqu^duc'tus Coch'lEjE, (F.) Aqueducdn Li-
macon ;—a very narrow canal,  which proceeds
from  the  tympanic  scala of the  cochlea to the
posterior edge of the pars petrosa.
^ Aqu^educ'tus  Fallo'pii, Canal spirdide de
Vos temporal of Chaussier,  (F.) Aquednc de Fal-
lope.  A canal  in the pars petrosa of the tempo- 
AQUALICULUS
95
ARACHNOID CANAL
ral bone, which extends from the meatus audito-
rius  internus to tho foramen stylo-mastoideum,
and  gives  passage tp  the  facial  nerve.   The
opening into this aqueduct is called Hia'tus Fal-
lo'pii.
  Aqu educ'tus  Syl'vii,  Cana'lis  emincn'tia
quadrige.nlina, (F.) Aqueduc de Sylvius, Iter ad
quartum ventric'ulum,  Gana'lia me'diua, Canal in-
termf.diare des ventricules of Chaussier.  A canal
forming a communication between the third and
fourth ventricles of tho brain.
  Aqulduc'tis Vestib'uli, Aquanltictus Ootun'-
nii, Canabof Cotun'nius, (F.) Aqueduc du veatibule
ou Aqueduc de Cotugno.  This begins in the ves-
tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi-
circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface
of the para petrosa.
  AQUALICULUS, from aqualis,  'awater-pot'
That part of the abdomen which  extends from
the umbilicus to the pubes.  See Hypogastrium.
It has also been applied to the stomach or intes-
tinal canal.
  AQUAS'TER.  A  word used, by  Paracelsus,
to express  the  visions or hallucinations of pa-
tients.
   AQf'EDIfC, Aqueduct—a. de Cotugno—Aquao-
diK'tus vcstibuli—a. de Fallope, Aquaeductus Fal-
lopii — a. du Limacon, Aquaeductus cochle;e — a.
de Sylvius, Aqincductus Sylvii—a. du Veatibule,
Aquaeductus vestibuli.
  AQUEDUCT, Aquaeductus.
  A'QUEOUS,  A'queua,  Aquo'aua, Hydato'dea.
Hydro'dea,  from  aqua, 'water/  (F.) Aqueux,
Watery.  The  absorbents  or lymphatics  are
sometimes  called, in  France, Conduita ou  Ca-
naux aqueux.
  Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Humor aquo'-
sus,  Alliugin'eoua humour, Odei'dea, Oo'des, Hy-
dato'i'des, Hydato'des,  Ova'tus  seu Or if or'mis
humor,  (F.) Humeur aqueuse.  The limpid  fluid
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the
cornea  to the crystalline, and  which is, conse-
quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the-
iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6 grains: s. g. 1.0003.  It
contains albumen,  chloride of sodium, and phos-
phate of lime in small quantity; and is enveloped
in a line membrane:—the membrane of the aqueous
humour, Tunica propria  seu  Vagi'na  humo'ris
a'quei  seu  Membra'na Demuria'na  seu  Desce-
iikIii. Membrane of Demours or of Descemet; al-
though these  last  terms are by some appropri-
ated to a third layer of the cornea.
  A QUE US, Aqueous.
  AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues.
  AQUIFOLIUM,  Hex aquifolium — a. Foliis
deciduis, Prinos.
  AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias, Sulphur.
  The  alehyinists used this word for  sublimed
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sul-
phur, and the philosopher's stone.   See Hydrar-
gyri Submurias, and Sulphur.
  Aq'uila Coelest'is; a sort of panacea, of which
mercury was a constituent.
  Aq'uila Lach'rym^;; a liquor prepared  from
several ingredients, especially from calomel.
  Aq'uila Philosopho'rum.   The  alchymists,
whose terms were always mysterious, called  mer-
cury thus, when reduced to its original form.
  Aq'uila  Ven'eris;  an ancient preparation,
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
  AQUILyE VEN^E, Temporal veins.
  AQUILE'GIA, A. vulga'ris, A. sylves'tris seu
Alplna, Common  Colombine or  Columbine, (F.)
Ancolie.  The seeds, herb, and flowers were for-
merly used  in jaundice and cutaneous diseases.
They are still retained in many of the Pharma-
copoeias of continental Europe.
  Aquilegia  Alpina, Aquilegia.
  Aquilegia  Canadensis,  Wild  Columbine, is
indigenous, and flowers in April and June.   Tho
seeds  are said to be tonic.
  Aquilegia Sylvestris,  Aquilegia—a. Vul-
garis,  Aquilegia.
  AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aquo-membrariitis.
  AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS, Keratoirltis, Aquo-
capsuli'tis.   Inflammation of the anterior cham-
ber of the eye.   A badly compounded term, de-
noting inflammation of the capsule or membrane
of the aqueous humour.
  AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa—a.
Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor  of.
  Aquula seu Aqua  Morgagnii.  The minute
portion of water which escapes when an opening
is made into the capsule of the crystalline.
  ARA PARVA, a small altar;—a kind of band-
age invented by Sostratus, which represents tho
corners of an altar.—Galen.
  AR'ABE ;  a wound, a blow.—Erotian.
  ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPAT'ICA, Ar'-
abic Hepat'ic An'tidote. A  powder composed of
myrrh, costus, white  pepper, Ac.   It was admi-
nistered in new wine.
  ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white marble,
analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia.   It was
regarded as absorbent and  desiccative, and was
employed in hemorrhoids.
  ARABIS BARB ARE A, Erysimum barbarea.
  AR'ABIS  MALAG'MA.   An antiscrofulous
medicine, composed  of mj'rrh, olibanum,  wax,
sal ammoniac, iron pyrites,  Ac—Celsus.
  AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF  THE.   The  Ara.
bians kept the torch  of medical science illumi-
nated during a dark  period of the middle ages.
Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools
of  medicine;  but these were most  flourishing
during the 10th, 11th, and  12th centuries.  The
chief  additions  made by them to medical science
were in the departments of  pharmacy and in the
description of diseases.  Their principal writers
were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, flali Abbas,
Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albuca-
sis, Ac.
  ARACACHA, Coniura moschatum.
  ARACHIS AFRICAN A, A. hypogea—a. Ame-
ricana, A. Hypogea.
  Ar'achis Hypoge'a, A. America'na, A. Afri-
ca'na, Arachni'da hypogea, Ground nut, Pea nut,
Earth almond,  (S.)  Mane;  erroneously called
Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West
Indies.   Cultivated in the Southern States.  The
seeds are oily, and are eaten. A kind of inferior
chocolate may be made of them.
  ARACH'NE,  apaxvn, 'a spider/ 'a cobweb.'
UcncG-"
  ARACHNIDA HYPOGEA, Arachis hypogea.
  ARACHNI'TIS, Arachnoiditis, Arachnodel-
tis, Inflammation of  the Arachnoid.   A variety
of phrenitis.
  ARACHNODEITIS. Arachnitis.
  ARACHNOID CANAL,  see Canal, arachnoid.
  Arachnoid of the Eye.   The lining mem-
brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be-
tween the sclerotic and choroid.
  Arach'noid  Membrane,  Meninx Me'dia,
Arachno'ideus, Arachno'des, from apaxvrj, 'a cob-
web/ and eioos, 'form, resemblance;'  Tu'nica
ara'nea, Arachno'des, T.  crystal'lina, Menin'-
gion.    A  name  given to  several membranes,
which, by their  extreme thinness, resemble spi-
der-webs.— Celsus  and Galen called thus the
membrane of the vitreous humour. — the tunica
hyaloidea.   The moderns use  it now for one of
the membranes of the brain, situate between the
dura  mater and pia mater.  It is a serous mem-
brane, and composed of two layers ; the external
being confounded, in the greater part of its extent,
with  the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte-
rior of the cranium and spinal canal; the other 
             ARACHNOIDITIS             9

being extended over tb? brain, frim* which it is
separated by the pia mater, without passing into
the sinuosities  between  the  convolutions, and
penetrating  into the interior of the brain  by an
opening  at  its  posterior part  under the  corpus
callosum. It forms a part of the investing sheath
of the nerves, as they pass from the encephalic
cavities.   Its chief uses seem to be;—to envelop,
and, in some measure, protect the brain,  and to
secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping  it in  a
state best adapted for the proper performance of
its functions.
  ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
  ARACK', Arrack; (Er.st Indian.)  A spiritu-
ous liquor made in  India ia various ways, often
from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along
with the  juice of the cocoa nut;  frequently from
toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut
tree by incision, and from other substances.  It
is a strong, heating spirit.
  Arack, Mock, is made by adding Qij of Ben-
zoic acid to a quart of rum.   The  celebrated
Vauxhall punch is made with such arack.
  ARACOUCIIINI, Icica aracouchini.
  ARACUS  AROMATICUS,  Vanilla.
  AR'ADOS, from apalew,  ' I am  turbulent'
The agitation  excited in the  stomach  by the
coction of aliments  of different nature. — Hippo-
crates.   Likewise, the motion produced  by ca-
thartics.
  ARJEOMA, Interstice.
  ARAEOMETER, Areometer.
  ARASOT'ICA,  from apaiow, 'I rarefy.'   Medi-
cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying
the humours.  See Rarefaciens.
  ARAKI, see Spirit.
  ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo-
lium.
  Ara'lia His'pida, Dwarf Elder, is said to be
diuretic,  and has been recommended, in  decoc-
tion, in dropsy.
  Ara'lia  Xudicau'lis,  Nardus America'nus,
Small  Spikenard, Wild Liq'uorice,  Sweet root,
False Sarsaparilla, (F.) Petit nard.   This Ame-
rican plant is said to be a mild stimulant and
diaphoretic, and has been recommended as a sub-
stitute for sarsaparilla.  It is used, also as a tonic.
It is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia
of the United States.
  Ara'lia  Racemo'sa,  American  Spikenard,
has the same properties as A. Nudicaulis.
  Ara'lia  Spino'sa,  Angel'ica  Tree,  Prickly
Ash,  Toothach  Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickly
Elder, Shotbush, Pigeon  Tree.   Its  properties
are not  clear.  The berries,  and  a tincture of
them, have been employed, it is said, successfully
in toothach.   A spirituous infusion has also been
used in colic.
  ARANEA, Araneae  Tela — a. Tarentula, see
Tarentula.
  ARA'NE^ TELA,  Ara'nea,  Ara'neum, Cob-
web, (F.) Toile d'Araignee.   Formerly, this sub-
stance was much employed, and supposed to pos-
sess extraordinary virtues,  especially when ap-
plied to  the  wrists.  It has been recently used
again in  intermittents.   The  spider itself, sof-
tened into a plaster and applied to the forehead
and temples, is  said by Dioseorides to  prevent
ague.  Cobweb is a mechanical styptic,  and is
so applied, at times.
  AftANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A term  applied to
the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob-
webs.
  ARANEO'SUS (PULSUS); a term employed
to express extreme weakness of pulse; when the
movements resemble those of a delicate net raised
by the wind.
  ARANEUM, Araneae Tela.
               ARCEUTUOS

  Ara'neum Ulcus. Astakillos.   A name given
by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous  ulcer,
extending from the  feet to the legs.
  ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina.
  ARASCON, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
  ARATRUM, Vomer.
  ARACCARIA  DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa.
  ARBOR BEN IVI, Benjamin—a. Indica, Lau-
rus cassia—a. Maris, Coral—a. Thurifera—Juni-
perus  Lycia—a. Uteri Vivificans,  Palmae uteri
plicatae.
  Arbor  Xitje,  (F,) Arbre de  vie.  A  name
given to  an arborescent appearance, observed on
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which
results from  the  particular arrangement  of the
white  substance with the cineritious.  Also, the
Thuya occidentalis.
  Arbor Vit^eUterinus, Palmae  uteri plicatae.
  Arbor  VitjB  of the  Uterus, Palmae  uteri
plicatae.
  AR'BORES.  A  morbid alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration.  Ruland.
  ARBOUS1ER, Arbutus unedo.
  ARBRE DE  VIE, Arbor Vitae.
  ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN-
SIS, Hypericum bacciferum.
  ARBUTUS, A. Unedo—a. Trailing, A. Uva
ursi, Epigaca repens.
  Ar'butus  Uva  Ursi,  Arctostaph'ylos Uva
ursi,  Maira'nia uva  ursi.  Nat. Ord. Ericeas.
Sex. Syst.  Dccandria Monogynia.   (F.) Busse-
rolle ou Raisin d' Ours.   The leaves—(Uva Ursi,
Ph. U. S.)—of this plant are tonic and astringenf,
and have been  employed, chiefly, in diseases of
the urinary organs.  Dose of the powder from
gr. xv. to sjss.  The English names are Trailing
Ar'butus,  Bear's   Whortleberry  or Bearberry,
Mountain-box,  Redberry,  Upland  Cranberry,
Foxberry, Checkerberry.
  Ar'butus Une'do, Ar'butus, Andrach'ne, Une'-
do, Une'do papyra'cea, xopapos, (F.) Arbousier.
A decoction of the  leaves is astringent, and has
been used in diarrhoea.
  ARC, Arch, Arcus.  Any part of the body re-
sembling an  arch in  form; as the Arch  of the
colon, (F.) Arc du colon,—the transverse portion
of that intestine :—Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'-
ta.  (F.) Crosse de I'Aorte, Ac, the  turn which the
aorta takes in the thorax.
  ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum—a.Cor-
dis, Pericardium.
  ARCADE ANASTOMOTIQUE, Arch, anas-
tomotic—a. Crurale,  Crural arch—a. Inguinale,
Crural arch—a.  Orbitaire, Orbitar arch—o. Pu-
bienne, Pubic arch—a. Zygomatique, Zygomatic
arch.
  ARCADES DENT AIRES, Dental arches—
a. Palmaires, Palmar arches.
  AR CADI- TEMP OR 0-31A XILLAIRE,
Temporalis.
  ARCiE'US or ARCOE'US, BALSAM OF, (F.)
Baume d'Arcoeus.   A kind of soft ointment used
in sores, contusions, Ac.   It is made by melting
two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard :
turpentine and rosin, each one part and a half:
straining and agitating till cold.
  ARCAXSOX,  Colophonia.
  ARCA'NUM,  from area, 'a chest'  A  secret,
& nostrum,  a quack  or em pi,'ical  med'icine,  (F.)
Arcane.  A remedy whose composition is kept
secret;  but which  is reputed  to possess great
efficacy.
  Arcanum  Corallinum, Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum — a. Duplieatum,  Potassa?  sulphas__a.
Tartari, Potassae acetas.
  ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle.
  ARCEUTUOS, Juniperus communis.
16 
                   ARCH

  ARCH, ANASTOMOTIC, (F.) Arcade Anasto-
motique, is the union of two vessels, which anas-
tomose by describing a curved line.  The vessels
of the mesentery anastomose  in this manner.
  Arch of the Aorta, see Aorta—a. Crural, see
Crural  arch — a. Femoral, see Crural arch — a.
Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis—a. Haemal, see
Hicmal arch—a. Inguinal, see Crural arch—a. Or-
bital, see Orbitararch—a. of the Palate, see Palate
bone—a. of the  Pubis, see Pubic arch—a. Subpu-
bic, see Subpubic arch—a. Superciliary, see Super-
ciliary arches—a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch.
, Arches  of the  Palate.  These are two in
number on each side of the throat, one of  which
is termed anterior, the other posterior.
  The  anterior  arch  arises  from the  middle of
tho velum palati, at the side of the uvula,  and is
fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue.
  The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from
the side of the  uvula, and passes downwards to
be inserted into the side of  the pharynx.  The
anterior  arch contains the  circumflexus palati,
and  forms  the  isthmus faucium.  The posterior
arch has, within it, the levator palati, and be-
tween the arches are the tonsils.
  ARCHiE'US, Arche'ue, from apxi, ' commence-
ment/ (F.) Archie.   A word invented by Basil
Valentine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus
and  Van Helmont  The latter  used it for the
iuternal  principle  of  our motions and actions.
This archaeus, according to Van Helmont, is an
immaterial principle,  existing in the  seed prior
to fecundation, and presiding over the develop-
ment of  the body,  and over all organic pheno-
mena.   Besides  this chief archaeus, whose seat
Van Helmont placed in  the upper orifice  of the
stomach, he admitted several of a subordinate
character, which* had  to execute its  orders; one,
for instance, in  each  organ,  to preside  over its
functions; each  of  them being subject to anger,
caprice, terror, and  every human failing.
  ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS.
About  twenty miles to the north of New  Arch-
angel, Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of  North
America, are some  thermal  sulphureous waters,
the temperature of one of which is upwards of
153° of  Fahr.   They are much celebrated.—Sir
Geo. Simpson.
  ARC11ANGELICA, Lamium album.
  ARcnANGELicA Officinalis, Angelica.
  ARCHE, apxi, Inil'ium, Princip'ium, Primor'-
dium, Orlgo, Inva'sio.  The first attack of a dis-
ease.
  ARCIIECPTOMA,  Proctocele.
  ARCHEE, Archaeus.
  ARC1IELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella.
  ARCHELOG"IA, from apxn, ' beginning/and
Xoyos, ' a discourse.'   A treatise on fundamental
principles;—of medicine, for example.
  ARCIIEN'DA. A powder  of the leaves  of the
ligustrum, used  by the .(Egyptians after bathing,
to obviate  the  unpleasant odour of the feet.—
Prosper Alpinus. "
  ARCHIA'TER,   Archia'trua,  Protomed'icus,
Protia'tros, from apxn,  'authority/ and  tarpos,
'physician.'  The original  signification of this
word is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with
Mercurialis, that it  meant physician to a prince,
king, emperor, Ac.: others, with C. Hoffman, ap-
ply it to every physician who, by his situation,
is raised above his  colleagues." The former opi-
nion seems to have prevailed, — Archiatre  dea
Roia de France being applied to the chief physi-
cian  to the kings of France.
  ARCHIG"ENI MORBI.  Acute diseases;  be-
cause they hold  the first rank: from  ap^r;, 'be-
ginning,' and yivojiai,  'I  am.
  ARCIIIMAGIA,  Chymistry.
         7
J                 ARCULUS

   ARCHINGEAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Archingeay is  situate in  France,  three leagues
from St. Jean d'Angely.  The waters are prized
in all diseases.   They seem to contain carbonato
of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of
iron, and some bitumen.
   ARCHITECTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo-
plectic make.
   ARCHITIS, Proctitis, Rectitis.
•  ARCHOCELE, Proctocele.
   ARCHOPTOMA, Proctocele.
   ARCHOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
   ARCHORRHA'GIA, from apxos, 'the  anus/
and pew,  'I flow.'  Archorrhos'a.   Hemorrhage
from the anus.
   ARCHORRHffiA, Archorrhagia.
   ARCHOS, Arcus, Rectum.
   ARCHOSTEGNOMA, Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCHOSTEGNOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCHOSTENOSIS, Stricture of th^Rectum.
   ARCHOSYRINX,  Fistula in ano.
   AR'CIFORM, Arcifor'mis, from arx,  areis,
 'a top  or ridge/ and forma, 'shape.'  An epi-
 thet given  to certain fibres, Fibra arciform'es,
 of the  anterior  pyramids of the medulla oblon-
 gata, which take a curved course around the in-
ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend
towards the cerebellum.
   ARCTA'TIO, Arctitu'do,  from areto, 'I make
narrow;' Anguata'tio,  Coarcta'tio.   Contraction,
(F.) Retreciasement, of a natural opening or of a
canal, and especially  of the vulva, of the orifice
of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal.  Consti-
pation, (see Stegnosis.)  Reunion  by suture or
infibulation. — Scribonius  Largus,  Paul  Zac-
ehias, Ac.
   ARC'TITUDO, Arctatio.
   ARCTIUM, A. lappa—a. Bardana, A. lappa.
   Arctium  Lappa.   The root and seed of the
 Clit'bur, Barda'na,  Arctium, A.  barda'na  seu
majua seu minus seu  tomento'sum,  l'laphis, Lap-
pa glabra, Lappa major, L. persona'ta, Persola'-
ta, Persolla'ta,  Persolu'ta, Burdock, (F.) Bar-
da.ne, Glouteron.  Nat.  Ord. Composite?.  Sex.
 Syst. Syngenesia aequalis.  Root diuretic: seed
 cathartic.  It has been used in decoction in dis-
eases of the skin and  in syphilis.
   Arctium  Majus, A. lappa—a. Minus, A. lappa
—a.  Tomentosum, A. lappa.
   ARC'TOPUS ECHINA'TUS.  A South Afri-
can plant, Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae, which  is de-
mulcent and diuretic,  somewhat approaching sar-
saparilla.  The decoction of the root is employed
in syphilis, lepra, and chronic cutaneous affections
of all kinds.
   ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI, Arbufus
uva ursi.
   ARCTU'RA,  from  arcto,  < I straighten.'  The
effects  of a nail grown  into the flesh, Arctu'ra
unguis.—See Onychogryphosis.
   Arctura Unguium. The growing in or inver-
sion of the nails.  See Onychogryphosis.
   ARCUA'TIO,  Concava'tio.  An  anterior gib-
bosity or projection of the sternum.
   ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Ar-
cueil is about one league south of  Paris.  Tho
water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some
deliquescent salts.
   A celebrated society held its meetings at this
village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Place,
 Ac,  were members.
   ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium.
   ARCUL.E.  The Orbitar Fossae: *oeXile{.—
Rufus of Ephesus.
   ARC'ULUS, diminutive of arcus, 'an aroh.' A
small arch;  a cradle, (F.) Arceau, Archet.  A
91 
           ARCUS MEDULLARIS          9

semicircular box or basket used for preventing
the bed-clothes from coming in contact with in-
jured or diseased  parts.  An  ordinance  of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep
with an infant near them, unless it was put under
a solid cradle.
  ARCUS  MEDULLARIS, Fornix—a. Senilis,
Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a.
Superciliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Unguium,
see Nail—a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
  ARDALOS, Excrement.
  ARDAS, Excrement.
  ARDENT, Ardens, from ardere, 'to burn.'
  Ardent  Fever, (F.) Fievre ardente.  The
Oausus, Synocha, or inflammatory fever.
  Ardent or Inflamed Eyes, (F.) Yeux ardens.
The eyes are so called when injected red.
  Ardent Urine,  (F.) Urine ardente.  Urine of
a deep red.
  ARDESIA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis.
  ARDEUR, Ardor — a. du Cceur, Cardialgia—
a. d'Estomac, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis — a.  de
la  Filvre,  Ardor  Febrilis — a. d'Urine, Ardor
Urinae.
  AR'DOR,  (F.) Ardeur.   Heat.  A feeling  of
burning, of violent heat; JEstus, JEstua'tio,  Can-
so''ma.
  Ardor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fievre.
The hot period of fever.
  Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis.
  Ardor Uri'n^e,  (F.) Ardeur d'Urine. A scald-
ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing
over the inflamed  mucous membrane of the ure-
thra, or over the neck of the bladder.
  Ardor Venereus, Heat
  Ardor Ventric'uli, Ebullil'io Stom'achi, (F.)
Ardeur  d'Estomac.   Heartburn.  See Cardialgia
and Pyrosis.
  A'REA,  'a void place/ 'an open surface.'  A
Latin word used by some authors to designate a
variety  of Alopecia, in which  the  hair  changes
colour,  but does not fall off;  also, Porrigo de-
calvans.
  Area Germinativa,  Tache embryonnaire.
  Area Pellu'cida.  An elliptical depression in
the ovum, filled with a peUucid fluid, in the cen-
tre of which is the  germ.
  Area Vasculo'sa, see Circulus venosus.
  ARE'CA.  The fruit—Are'ca nut, Betel nut—of
Are'ca Cat'echu, A. Faufel, Caun'ga; Nat.  Ord.
Palmae; Sex. Syst.  Monoeeia Monadelphia; (F.)
Arec, is astringent  and tonic, and enters into the
composition of the Betel, the great masticatory
of the Orientals.
  Areca Catechu, see  Areca.
  "Areca Faufel, see Areca.
  AREF ACTION, Arefac'tio, Xeran'sis, frpavais,
from arefacere, 'to make  dry/ (arere,  'to  dry/
and facere, ' to make.')  The process of drying
substances, prior to pulverization.
  ARENA, see Gravel.
  ARENAMEX, Bole Armenian.
  ARENA'TIO, Ghosts, Sand  or  Earth Bath;
from  arena,  'sand;' Saburra'tio.  The applica-
tion of hot  sand to the body.  Pedilu'via of sand
were formerly used in Ascites.
  ARENO'SA  URI'NA,  Sandy  Urine.  Urine
when it deposits a sandy sediment.
  ARENO'SUS, Sabulous.  Also, one who passes
sandy urine.
  ARENULA, see Gravel.
  ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Area, (F.) Aire.
Anatomists understand by Areola, the inter-
stices between the fibres composing organs • or
those existing between  laminae, or between ves-
sels which  interlace with each  other.
  Areola is,  also,  applied to the coloured circle
Halo, Halos, which surrounds  the  nipple, Are'-
               AREOMETER

ola papillaris, and which becomes much darker
during pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur-
rounding certain vesicles, pustules,  Ac, as the
pustules of  the small-pox, the  vaccine vesicle,
Ac.  Chaussier, in such  cases, recommends the
word Aurc'ola, (F.) Aureole.
  Areola Papillaris, see Areola.
  Areola, Tubercles of the, see Mamma.
  ARE'OLAR, Areola'ris.  Appertaining to an
areola.
  Areolar  Exhalations are those recremcn-
titial secretions, which are effected within the
organs of sense,  or in parenchymatous  struc-
tures,—as the  aqueous, crystalline and vitreous
humours, Ac.
  Areolar  Tissue,  Cellular Tissue.
  AREOM'ETER, Araom'eter,  Grarim'eter, Al-
coolom'eter,  Aerostat'ic  Balance, from apaios,
'light/ and  perpov, 'measure:' i. e.  'measure of
lightness.'    An instrument,  so  called, because
first  employed  to  take the  specific gravity of
fluids lighter than water.  The Areometer of Bau-
me, which is  the most used in Pharmacy, particu-
larly in France, consists of a tube of glass, largely
expanded towards  its inferior extremity, and ter-
minating, below, by a small ball, containing mer-
cury or lead, which serves it as a balance, so that
it may remain upright in the fluid.   This tubo is
furnished with  a graduated scale.   If the fluid
into  which  the Areometer is  plunged be heavier
than water,  the instrument rises:  if lighter, it
sinks.  There  are  various Areometers,  as those
of the Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nicholson, Ac  The
Areometer is also  called Hydrom'eter,  (F.) Are-
omltre, Pese-liqueur.
  There are some hydrometers which have a gene-
ral application for  determining the specific  gra-
vities of liquids,—as Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,
Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hy-
drometers, including Baume's, Cartier's, Twad-
dle's, Zanetti's, and  the  specific gravity beads;
others intended for  special application, — as for
estimating the comparative  strength of spirits;
the comparative densities of syrups, oils, Ac,—
as Guy Lussac's, Sikes's and Dicat's hydrometers,
and the saccharometer, urinometer, and elaeometer.

 SCALE OF  BAUME'S  AREOMETER WITH •CORRE-
        SPONDING  SPECIFIC  GRAVITIES.
1. Ascending Scale for light liquida.
Scale of Baume.	Specific Gravities.	Substances.
	700	Pure hydrocyanic acid.— Oay Lus-sac. Very pure sulphuric ether.
66	715	
liO	742	The same concentrated.
50	782	
48	792	Equal parts of alcohol and ether.
42	819 /	Very pure alcohol for phamaceuti-
40	827 (	cal purposes.
36	847	Pure alcohol. Naphtha.
33	863	Alcohol of commerce.
32	8G8	Essential oil of turpentine.
30	878	Hydrocyanic acid of Srheele and
26	900 V	pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed with an equal portion of water. (Hobiquet.)
25 23	906/ 915 (	Acetic ether.
	1	Nitric ether.
Id.	Id'	Muriatic ether.
22	923 r	Liquid ammonia. Olive oil.
Id.	Id. I	
20	935 £	Brandy.
18	948 S	
13	9M)	Burgundy wine.
12	986	
11	993	Bordeaux wine.
10	1000	Distilled water.
)8 
ARES
• 99
ARGENTUM
2.  Descending Scale for heavy liquidi.
Scale of Baume.	Spunfie CJ ravines.	Substances.
0	1000	Common distilled water.
1	1007 ; 100;) j	Distilled vinegar.
2	1014	Common vinegar.
<l	1032	Cow's milk.
10 12	1075 ) 10J1 j	Concentrated acetic acid.
21)	1101	
21 25	llr'O ( 1210 j	Liquid hydrochloric acid.
30	12dl	Boiling syrup.
35	1321 j	Cold syrup. Common nitric acid.
40	1384 l	
41	139ri \	Concentrated nitric acid.
45	1454)	
Id.	Id.	Phosphoric acid for medical use.
50	1532	
liO	1714	
li<>	1847	Very concentrated sulphuric acid.
70	1946	Very concentrated phosphoric acid.
X"
  ARES.  A term invented by Paracelsus to de-
signate the principle on which  depends the form
of mercury, sulphur, and salt.  These the alchy-
mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth
to every  other.
  AR'ETE, apcrn, 'virtue.'  Mental or corporeal
vigour.—Hippocrates.
  AUETHU'SA, A. bulbo'aa; indigenous.  Order,
Orchidaceae.   The  bruised  bulbs  are used  in
toothach ; and as cataplasms to tumours.
  A'REUS.  A  pessary mentioned  by Paulus of
^Egina.
  ARGEL, Cynanchum oleaefolium.
  AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemue, from apyos,
'white.'  Fos'sula, (F.) Encavare.   A white spot
or ulceration of the eye.—Hippocrates.   See Leu-
coma,                                 i
  ARGEM'ONE,  MEXICA'NA, Thorn Poppy,
Prickly  Poppy, Yellow  Thistle.   A native  of
Mexico,  but naturalized  in most  parts  of  the
world.   Nat. Ord. Papaveraceae.   Sex.  Syst.  Po-
lyandria Monogynia.  The juice resembles gam-
boge, and  has been used as a hydragogue.  The
seeds are employed  in the West Indies as a sub-
stitute for ipecacuanha.  They are also used as
a cathartic.
  ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
chalybeate  situate at Argenson  in  Dauphiny:
used in eases of obstruction, jaundice, Ac.
  ARGENT, Argentum—a. Chlorure d', see Ar-
gentum — a. Cyanure d',  see Argentum — a. et
d'Ammoniaque,  chlorure d', see Argentum — a.
lodure d',  see Argentum — a. Oxide d', see Ar-
gentum.
  ARGENTERIA,  Potentilla anserina.
  ARGENTI CHL0RIDUM, see  Argentum—a.
et Ammoniae chloridum, see Argentum — a. et
Ammoniae  chloruretum, see Argentum — a. Cya-
nidum,  see Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Ar-
gentum—a. Iodidum, see Argentum—a. Iodurc-
tum, see Argentum.
  Argen'ti Nitras, Argen'tum  Xitra'tum,  Sal
arqen'ti, Argentum ATit'ricum, (F.)  A'itrate d'Ar-
ge'nt,  Azotatc d'Argent, Nitrate of Silver.  This
preparation is  sometimes kept in crystals, the
Nitras Arqen'ti  in crystalios concre'tus, Nitrate
d'Arqent crystallise  of the Codex of Paris, Luna
potab'ilis,  Crystalli Luna, Argen'tum  nit'ricum
crystallisa'tum.  A'itras argenti crystal'linns, Xi-
truni I una're, Hydrago'gum Boy'lei.  Generally,
however, it is in the fused state:  and it is  this
which is admitted into most Pharmacopoeias, and
which, besides tho name Xitras Argenti, is called
Ni'tra* argen'ti fusus, Caua'ticum luna're, Lapia
inferna'lia, Argen'tum nit'ricum fusum, and lunar
cauatic, (F.)  Nitrate  d'argent fondu, Pierre in-
female.
  In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it
is directed  to be prepared as follows: — Take of
silver,  in small  pieces, ^j.;  nitric acid,  fj^vij.,
diatilled  water,  fjij.   Mix  the acid with  the
water,  and  dissolve the silver in the  mixture in
a sand bath; then crystallize, or gradually in-
crease  the heat,  so that the resulting salt may be
dried.  Melt this in a crucible over a gentle fire,
and  continue the heat until  ebullition  ceases;
then immediately pour it into suitable  moulds.
  The virtues of nitrate  of silver are  tonic, and
escharotic  It is given in chorea, epilepsy, Ac.;
locally, it is used in various cases as an escharotic.
Dose, gr. 1-8 to  gr. 1-4 in pill, three times a day.
  When silver is combined with iodine, it is said
to have the same effect as the nitrate, and not to
produce the slate colour of the surface, which is
apt to  follow the protracted use of the latter.
  Argenti Oxidum, see Argentum.
  ARGENTILLA VULGARIS, Potentilla  an-
serina.
  AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as
the next.   Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine
solution/ or solution of a salt of silver.
  Argentine, Potentilla anserina.
  ARGEN'TUM, Ar''gyrus,  from apyos, 'white/
Silver, Luna, Dia'na, (F.) Argent. A solid metal
of a shining white appearance; insipid; inodor-
ous ;  highly sonorous; malleable  and  ductile;
somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangular py-
ramids;  fusible  a little  above a red  heat,  and
volatizable;  s.  g. 10.4.   Not used in medicine,
unless in some places for silvering pills.  Silver
Leaf, Argen'tum folia'turn, is the state in which
it is used for this purpose.
  Argentum Divi'sum, metallic silver, in very
fine powder, has been recommended internally in
syphilis.
   The Chloride (Argen'ti  chlo'ridum, Argen'-
tum muriat'icum, A. chlora'tum,  A. sali'tum.
 Chlorure'tum Argen'ti, Ohlor'uret or Mu'riate of
Silver, (F.) Chlorure d'Argent;) the Cyanuret;
the Iodide (Argen'ti Io'didum, Argen'tum Ioda' -
tum, lodure'tum Argen'ti, lod'uret of Silver,  (F.)
lodure d'Argent;) the Oxide (Argen'ti ox'idum,
Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.) Oxide d'Argent, and
the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver (Argen'ti
et Ammo'nia chlo'ridum, Argen'tum muriat'icum
 ammonia'tum,  Chlorure'tum  Argen'ti  et Ammo'-
 nia, Chlo'ruret of Silver  and Ammonia, Ammo-
 nio-chloride of Silver, (F.)  Chlorure  d'Argent et
 d'Ammoniaque, have been used in syphilis.  At
 first, these different  preparations were adminis-
 tered  iatraleptically  on  the  gums; the chloride,
 the cyanide  and the iodide in the dose of l-12th
 of a grain;  the chloride of silver and ammonia
 in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of
 silver and divided silver in the dose of l-8th and
 l-4th  of a grain. M. Serre, of Montpellier,  who
 made many  trials with  them, soon  found  that
 these  doses  were too small; he therefore raised
 that of the  chloride  to l-10th, and of the iodide
 to l-8th of  a grain, without any inconvenience
 resulting.  The dose of the other preparations was
 likewise increased in a similar ratio.  M. Serre
 extols the preparations of silver—used internally
 as well as iatraleptically—as antisyphilitics, but
 they are not to be depended upon.
   The Cyanuret or  Cyanide of Silver,  Argen'tx
 Cyanure'tum, A. Cyan'idum, Argen'tum  cyanoge-
 na'tum, (F.) Oyanure d'argent,  is thus directed
 to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. QS42.) Argent.
 A it. I5XV. Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. destillat. aa Oj,
 Having dissolved the  nitrate of silver  in  the
 water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and mix th»m. 
ARGIL
10%
ARLES
  Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry
  it.  In the  last edition of the  Pharmacopoeia,
  (1851,) it is directed to be prepared as follows:—
  Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in diatillcd water, is
  put into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferocyanuret
  of Potassium, dissolved in distilled water, is put
  into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the
  receiver.  Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the
  solution in the retort; and, by means of a sand-
  bath and a moderate heat, distillation is  carried
  on  until  the liquid that passes  over no longer
  produces a precipitate in the receiver.  The pre-
  cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and
 • dried.
    The  Oxide of Silver, Argen'ti Ox'idum,  has
  been introduced into the last edition of the Ph.
  U. S. (1851.)  It is made by precipitating a solu-
  tion of the  Nitrate of Silver by solution  of Po-
  tassa, drying the precipitate.
    Argentum Chloratum, see  Argentum — a.
  Cyanogenatum, see Argentum — a.  Fugitivum,
  Hydrargyrum — a.  Fusum,  Hydrargyrum — a.
  Iodatum, see Argentum — a. Liquidum, Hydrar-
  gyrum—a.  Mobile, Hydrargyrum — a. Muriati-
  cum, see Argentum — a. Muriaticum Ammonia-
  tum, see Argentum—a. Oxydatum, see Argentum
  —a. Salitum, see Argentum—a. Vivum, Hydrar-
  gyrum.
    ARGIL, PURE, Argilla pura.
    ARGILE  OCHREUSE PALE, Bolus Alba.
    ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra Lemnia—
  a. Bolus  rubra, Bole Armenian — a.  Ferruginea
  rubra, Bole Armenian—a. Kalisulphurica, Alu-
  men—a. Palida, Bolus alba.
    Argilla Pura,  Terra  Alu'minis, T. bola'ria,
  seu  argilla'cea pura, Alu'mina de/niva'ta, pure
  Argil or Alumina, (F.) Alumine factice. This sub-
  stance, which is prepared by drying alum  and
  exposing it, for twenty or twenty-live minutes, to
 a red heat, until the sulphuric acid is driven off,
 has  been recommended in indigestion  as antacid,
 as well as in vomiting and diarrhoea accompanied
 with acidity.  The dose to a very young child is
 from ^ss to ^j >  to older children  from £j  to gij-
    Argilla  Sulphurica  Alcalisata,  Alumen
 — a. Sulphurica usta,  Alumen exsiccatum — a.
 Supersulphas alcalisatum, Alumen—a. Vitriolata,
 Alumen.
    ARGILL/E  ACETAS,  Aluminae  acetas — a.
 Sulphas, Aluminae sulphas.
   ARGOL, RED, Potassae supertartras impurus
 —a. White, Potassae supertartras impurus.
   ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS, Hymen.
   ARGY'RIA, from apyvpos, 'silver.'  The dis-
 coloration of  the skin occasioned by the internal
 use of nitrate of silver.
   ARGYROCHiETA, Matricaria.
   ARGYROPH'ORA, from apyvpog,  'silver/ and
 •ptow, ' I bear.'  A name  given, by Myrepsus, to
 an antidote which he regarded as extremely pre-
 cious.
   ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger.
   ARGYRUS, Argentum.
   ARHEUMAT'IC, Arheumalicua, from a, pri-
 vative, and pcvpa, 'fluxion or rheumatism/  One
 without fluxion or rheumatism.
   ARIA, Crataegus aria.
..  ARKT'NA,  Cua'conin,  Cusco-Cincho'nia,  so
 called from Arica  in South America, the place
 where it is shipped. An alkali found in  Cusco
 Bark, which  is very similar in many of its pro-
 perties  to Cinchonia.  Cusco  was  the  ancient
 residence of the Incas.
   ARIC'YMON, from apt, an intensive particle,
 and  xvciv, 'to conceive.'  A  name given to a
 frmale who conceives readily.—Hippocrates.
   ARIDE'NA.   A Latin word employed to  de-
 signate  the  leanness  of  any part. — Ettmullcr,
 Sauvages.
   ARIDTTY, Arid'itas. (F.) Aridite, from arere,
 'to dry.'  The Erench use the word  Aridite to
 express the  dryness of any organ, and particu-
 larly of the skin and tongue, when such dryness
 is  so great as to render  the organ rough to the
 touch.   Aridite also means the lanuginous ap-
 pearance of  the hair  in some  diseases in which
 they seem covered with dust.
   ARIDU'RA.  Wasting or emaciation of the
 whole or of any part of the body;  Marasmus,
 Atrophy.
   Aridura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a.
 Hepatis, Hepatrophia.
   ARIKA, see Spirit.
   ARISTALTH,EA, Althaea.
   ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apiaros, 'very good/
 and Xo^cia, 'parturition;' so called, because the
 different varieties were supposed to  aid parturi-
 tion.  Birth wort, (F.) Aristoloche.  Several va-
 rieties were once in use.
   Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa.
 C Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochi'a Vul-
 ga'ris seu Crc'tica, Adra Riza, Aristolochi'a ten'-
 uis, (F.) Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright  Birth-
 wort.  The root has been considered  stimulant
 and emmenagogue, and as such has been used in
 amenorrhoea,  chlorosis, and cachexia.
   Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis — a. Fa-
 bacea, Fumaria bulbosa.
   Aristolochi'a Longa,  and A. Rotun'da, (F.)
 Aristoloche  longue   et ronde, Long  and  Round
 Birthwort.  Virtues the same as the preceding.
   Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pistolochla Aris-
 tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za.   This variety has an aro-
 matic odour,  and an acrid and bitter taste.  (F.)
 Aristoloche crenelee.
   Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria,
 Vipera'ria,  Viperi'na Virginia'na,  Colubri'na
 Virginia'na,   Oontrayer'va Virginia'na,  S.  Vir-
 ginia'na, (F). Serpcntaire et Aristoloche serpen-
 taire de Virginie,  Coluvrine de Virginie,  Vir-
 ginia  Snakeroot,  Snakeroot Birthwort, Snake-
 weed, Snagrel.  Virtues — tonic, stimulant;  and,
 as such,  employed in debility, intermittents, Ac.
   Aristolochia Tenuis, A. Clematitis — a. Tri-
 fida, A. Trilobata.
   Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta,  A. trif'ida,  (F.)
 Aristoloche trilobee.   A plant of Surinam  and
 Jamaica; possessing the  general virtues  of the
 Aristolochiae.   The  other •varieties of Aristolo-
 chia have similar properties.
  Aristolochi'a Vulgaris  Rotunda, Fumaria
 bulbosa.
  ARISTOLOCH'IC, Ariatoloch''icua.  Same ety-
 mology.  An old term for remedies supposed to
 have the property of promoting the flow of the
 lochia.—Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides,
 Ac.
  ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR-
 VUM.   These  names were formerly given to
 pharmaceutical  preparations, used in  phthisis,
 tormina,  and fever.—Avicenna.
  ARISTOPHANEI'ON.   A sort of  emollient
 plaster, prepared with  four pounds of pitch, two
 of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax,
 and  half a  pint of vinegar. — Gorraeus.  Not
used.
  ARKANSAS, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
About 5 miles  from  the Washita river, and about
a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana-line,
there are about 70 of  those springs.   They are
thermal, varying from 138° to 150° Fahrenheit,
and are employed in rheumatism, cutaneous af-
fections, Ac.
  ARLADA,  Realgar.
  ARLES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
ARM                    101               ARROW ROOT
mal sulphureous springs  in  the  department of
Pyrenees Orientates, France.  Their temperature
is 103° to 115° of Fahr.,  aud they contain sul-
phohydric aeid.
  ARM, Uraehiurn.
  ARMA, I'cnis—a. Ventris, Penis.
  ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal—a, Chirurgi-
CUin, see Arsenal.
  ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrvsma.
  ARMATURA, Amnios.
  ARME, from apw, 'I adapt.'  Any physiolo-
gical or mechanical junction or union of parts.—
Jlcsychius. A suture, as of the cranium.—Oalen.
  ARMHNIACA EPIROTICA,  Prunus Arme-
ni:ic.i — a,.  Malus, Apricot.   See  Prunus — a.
Vulgaris Prunus Armeniaca.
  ARMENIAN  STONE, Melochitcs.
  ARMEXITES, Melochites.
  ARMIEL/E  MANUS MEMBRANOS.E, An-
nular ligaments of the carpus.
  ARM (USE BLANCHE, Artemisia  rupestris
—a.  Commune, Artemisia  vulgaris—a. Estragon,
Artemisia dracunculus—a. Ordinaire, Artemisia
vulgaris.
  ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum.
  ARMOR A'CIA.  In the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States,  the fresh  root of Cochlearia ar-
inoracia.
  Aumoiiacia  Rusticana, Cochlearia armoracia
—a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia.
  ARMOUR, Condom.
  ARM URE DES JAMBES, see Cornu am-
monis.
  ARMUS. Humerus—a.  Summus,  Acromion.
  AR'NICA  MONTA'NA.   Derivation uncer-
tain.   Arnica, Leopard's Bane, Doron'icum Ger-
man'icnm seu  Oppositifo' Hum, D. Ar'nica, Alia'-
ma, Ac"yrus, Diuret'ica, Arnica Plauen'sis, Pa-
uace'a  lapso'rum, Ptar'mica  monta'na, Oaltha
seu  Calcn'dula Al.plna, (F.) Arnique, Betoine
des Montagnes, Tabac des  Vosges, Tabac ou Be-
toine  des Savoyards, Doronic d'Allcmagne.  Sex.
Syst.   Syngenesia Polygainia  superflua.   Nat.
On/.  Synanthereoe.   The plant and  flower are
considered, or have been  considered, narcotic,
stimulant, emmenagogue, Ac; and,  as such, have
been  given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous
affections, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, Ac. Dose,
gr.  v to x, in powder.   In large doses, it is dele-
terious.
  Arnica Spuria, Inula dysenterica—a. Sueden-
sis, Inula dysenterica:
  ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago.
  ARNOTT'S  DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's.
  ARO'MA,  Ar'tyma,  'perfume:'  (apt, 'very/
and oapr) or olpn, 'odour.') Spir'itus Rector, (F.)
Arome.  The  odorous  part of plants.  An ema-
nation—frequently imponderable, from bodies—
which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with
the body exhaling it.
  AKoSlAT'IC, Aromat'icus, (¥.)Aromate. Any
odoriferous substance obtained from  the vegetable
kingdom which  contains much volatile  oil, or a
light  and expansible resin.   Aromatics are used
in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming.  In
medicine they are employed  as stimulants.  Gin-
ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, Ac, belong to
this class.
  AROMATOPO'LA,  from  apwpa,  'an  odour,'
and jrojXtw, 'I sell.'  An apothecary or druggist.
One who sells spices.
  ARON, Arum.
  AROP1I.  A barbarous word, which had vari-
ous  significations with  the ancients.  Paracelsus
employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy.
The mandragora,  according  to  some.  Also,  a
mixture of bread,  saffron  and wine.—Van  Hel-
mont.
  ARorn Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum.
  ARQUEBUSADE EAU  D', Aqua traumat-
ica Thede'nii, Aqua Thedia'na, Aqua sclnpeta'-
ria, Aqua vulnera'ria, Aqua catapulta'rum, Mis-
tu'ra  rulnera'ria ac"ida.  A sort of vulnerary
water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic plants.
Rosemary  Ibiss,  millefoil,  thyme,  each  Ibss.
Proof spirit 2 gallons—distil a gallon.   This is
one form.
  ARRABON, Arraphon.
  ARRACHEMENT,  (F.) from  arracher,  'to
tear out/ Apospas'ma, Abrup'tio, Avulsio.  Act
of separating a part of the body by tearing it from
the bonds  connecting it with others.   Evulsion.
Laceration.
  Arrachemcnt is applied to  certain operations,
as to  the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of
a poly pus,  Ac.
  ARRACK, Arack.  See Spirit.
  AR'RAPHON, Ar'rabon,  from  a,  priv.,  and
patbn,   'a suture/ — 'without suture.'   A term
applied to the cranium when it presents no  su-
tures.
  ARRECTIO, Erection.
  ARREPTIO, Insanity.
  ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa.
  ARRET D'HILDAN,  Remora Hildani.
  ARRETE BCEUF,  Ononis spinosa.
  ARRHffi'A, from a, privative, and pew, 'I flow/
The suppression of  any flux.  Amenorrhoea.
  ARRIIOSTEMA, Disease.
  ARRHOSTENIA, Disease.
  ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity.
  ARRHYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus.
  ARRIBA, Geoffraea vermifuga.
  ARRIERE-BOUCHE,  Pharynx — a. - Bent,
see Dentition—a.-Faix, Secundines.
  ARRIERE-GOUT,  (F.)  'after taste.'  The
taste  left by certain bodies in the mouth for some
time after they have been  swallowed, owing per-
haps to the papillae  of the mouth having imbibed
the savoury substance.
  ARRIERES NARINES,  Nares, posterior.
  ARROCHE, Atriplex  hortensis — a.  Puant,
Chenopodium vulvaria.
  ARROSEMEXT, Aspersion.
  ARROWHEAD,  Sagittaria variabilis.
  ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis.
  ARROW POISON.  This differs with different
tribes of Indians.  By some, the poison capsicum,
and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of
euphorbiaceae  are mixed together, with the poi-
sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable
serpent, called by  the  Peruvian Indians  Miua-
maru  or Jcrqon,—Lachesis picta of Tschudi.
  ARROW ' ROOT, Fec'ula Maran'ta, Am'ylum
maranta'ceum, A. America'num.   The  fecula of
the rhizoma of Maran'ta Arundina'cea, which,
like all fecuho, is emollient and  nutritive, when
prepared with water, milk, Ac.
  Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida arrow-root
is derived from Za'mia integrifo'lia or Z. pu'mila,
Sugar pine ; Bermuda arrow  root being obtained
from Maranta arundinacea.   Florida arrow root,
as well as  the farina, is known in the  Southern
States under the name  Coonti or Coontie.
  According to Dr.  Ainslie, an excellent kind of
arrow  root is  prepared  in Travancore  from  the
root of Curcuma angustifolia.
  Arrow root mucilage is made by rubbing arrow
root powder with a  little cold water, in a  basin,
by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com-
pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil-
ing water over it, stirring assiduously until  a soft,
gelatinous,  tenacious mucilage is formed; and,
lastly, boiling for five minutes.  A tablespoonful
of arrow root powder is  sufficient to make  a pint 
ARROW WOOD
102
ART
 of mucilage.  It may be moderately sweetened;
 and wine or lemon juice may be added.
   With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious
 article of diet.
   Arrow Root, Brazilian.  The fecula of Ja-
 tropha Manihot.
   Arrow Root, Common, see Solanum tubero-
 sum.
   Arrow Root, East Indian.   The fecula of
 the  tubers  of Curcuma angustifolia or  narrow-
 leaved Turmeric.
   Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common.
   ARROW WOOD, Euonymus, Viburnum den-
 datum.
   ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal—a. Ch'ymiatrica,
 Chymiatria—a. Clysmatica nova, Infusion of me-
 dicines—a. Coquinaria, Culinary art—a. Cosme-
 tica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary art—a.
 Empirica, Empiricism—a. Hermetica, Chymistry
 — a. Homceopathica, Homoeopathy — a. Hydria-
 trica, Hydrosudotherapeia—a. Infusoria,  Infu-
 sion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Medicina—a.
 Majorum, Chymistry—a. Medica, Medicina—a.
 Obstetricia, Obstetrics—a. Sanandi, Art, healing
 —a. Separatoria, Chymistry—a. Spagirica, Chy-
 mistry—a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art—a. Zoia-
 trica, Veterinary Art.
   ARSALTOS,  Asphaltum.
   ARSATUM, Nymphomania.
   ARSENAL, (F.) Chirapothe'ca, Armamenta'-
 rium, A. chirur'gicum.  A collection of surgical
 instruments.  A work  containing a description
 of surgical instruments.
   ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'ias.  A salt formed by
 a  combination of arsenic acid with a salifiable
 base.
  Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'nia,
 Ammo'nium Arsenic'icum, (F.) Arseniate d'Am-
 moniaque.   This preparation  is highly extolled
 in cutaneous diseases.  A-grain of the salt may
 be dissolved in an ounce of distilled water,  and
 20 to 25 drops be commenced with as a dose,
  Arseniate of Iron, Arsen'ias  Ferri, Ferrum
 Arsenia'tum, F.  Araen'icum  oxydula'tum,  (F.)
 Arseniate de Fer.   This preparation has been
 applied externally to cancerous ulcers.   An oint-
 ment may be made of ^ss of the arseniate, 3'j of
 the  phosphate of iron, and ^VJ  °f  spermaceti
 ointment.   The  arseniate has also been given in-
 ternally in cancerous affections, in the dose of one-
 sixteenth of a grain.
  Arseniate of  Protox'ide of Potas'sium,
 Proto-arscn'iate  of Potas'sium, Areen'iate of Po-
 tassa, Arsen'ias  Potassa, Arseniaa Kali.  Pro-
 perties the same  as those of arsenious acid.
  Arseniate of Quinia, Quiniae Arsenias.
  AR'SENIC, Arsen'icum.  A solid metal; of a
 steel-gray colour; granular texture; very brittle;
 volatilizing before melting; very combustible and
 aeidifiable.  It is not dangerous of itself, and only
 becomes so by virtue of the facility with which it
 absorbs oxygen.
  ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album.
  Arsenic,  Iodide of, Arsen'ici  lo'didum  seu
 Teriod'idum, A.  lodure'turn, Arsen'icum Ioda'-
 tum; formed by the combination of  arsenious
 acid and iodine.   This preparation, applied  ex-
 ternally, has been highly extolled  in various  cu-
 taneous affections.  An ointment  may be made
 of three grains of iodide to ^j of lard.  It has
 -lso  been given  internally in the dose of a  tenth
 of a grain in similar affections.
  Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album—a. Ox-
 ide of, White, Arsenicum album—a. White, Arse-
 nicum album.
  Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of,  Hydrar'-
yyri et  Arsen'ici  lo'didum, Bouble I'odide of
Mer'cury and Ar'aenic, Iodo-arsenite of Mer'cury.
A compound, which has been proposed as more
efficacious than either the iodide of arsenic or the
iodide of mercury.  It is made by triturating 6.08
grains of metallic arsenic ; 14.82 grains of mer-
cury ; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcohol,
until the mass has become dry, and  from being
deep brown has become pale red.  Eight ounces
of distilled water are  poured on,  and, after tritu-
ration for a few moments, the whole is transfer-
red to a flask; half a drachm of  hydriodic acid,
prepared by the  acidification of two grains  of
iodine,  is added, and the mixture is boiled for a
few moments.  When  the  solution is cold, make
the  mixture up to f^viij  with  distilled water.
This is called by Mr. Donovan, the proposer,
Liquor Arsen'ici  et Hydrar'gyri  lo'didi, each
drachm of which  by measure consists of water
^j, arsenious acid gr. l-8th; peroxide of mercury
gr. l-4th, iodine  converted into hydriodic acid
gr. 3-4ths.  In the last edition of the Ph. U.  S.
it is directed to be made of Arsenici Iodidum and
Hydrargyri Iodidum rubrum, each gr. xxxv; and
Aqua destillata Oss; dissolving by rubbing, heat-
ing to the boiling point, and filtering.
   The  dose of Bonovan's Solution, is from Ttlxv
to f £ss two or three times a day.
   It has been used successfully in inveterate cu-
taneous diseases.
   ARSEN'ICAL  PASTE, (F.) Pdte Arsenicale.
This application to cancers is  formed of 70 parts
of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's blood, and 8 of arse-
nious acid; made into a paste with saliva, when
about to be applied.
  ARSENICI IODIDUM, Arsenic, Iodide of—
a. Ioduretum, Arsenic, Iodide of—a. Teriodidum,
Arsenic, iodide of.
  ARSENICISM'US, Intoxica'tio Arsenica'lis.
Poisoning by arsenic
  ARSEN'ICUM ALBUM; White Ar'senic, Ox-
ide of Ar'senic, Ratsbane,  Arsen'ici ox'ydum al-
bum,  Calx Arsen'ici alba, Ac" idum Arsenico'sum,
A. Arsenio'sum (Ph.U. S.), Arsen'ious acid, White
oxide of arsenic,  (F.) Arsenic blanc.  An acid
which is met with in commerce, in compact, white,
heavy, fragile, masses; of a vitreous aspect, opake,
and  covered with a white dust; of an acrid and
nauseous taste; without smell when cold; vola-
tilizable by heat,  and exhaling the odour of gar-
lic :  soluble in water, alcohol  and oil; crystalli-
zable in regular octahedrons.   It is this that  is
meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used.
  Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum, Sublimed
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi-
cine.   It is tonic  and escharotic,  and is the most
virulent of mineral poisons.  It is  used  in iu-
termittents,  periodical headachs, neuroses, Ac.
Dose, gr. one-tenth to one-eighth in pill.  See
Poisons, Table of.
  Arsenicum  Iodatusi,  Arsenic, Iodide of—a.
Rubrum Factitium, Realgar.
  ARSENIS POTASSyE,  Arsenite of protoxide
of potassium—a. Potassae aquosus, Liquor arse-
nicalis—a. Potassae liquidus, Liquor arsenicalis.
  AR'SENITE, Ar'senis.  A salt, formed by a
combination of the arsenious  acid with a  salifi-
able  base.
  Ar'senite of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Pro-
to-ar'senite of Potas'sium,  Ar'senite of Potassa,
Ar'senis Potassa.   An uncrystallizable and co-
lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor
arsenicalis, which see.
  Arsenite of Quinia, Quiniae arsenis.
  ARSE-SMART,  Persicaria — a. Biting, Poly-
gonum hydropiper.
  ART, HEALING,  Ars  Sanan'di,  Medicina.
The  appropriate application of the precepts  of
the best physicians, and of the results of experi-
ence to  the treatment of disease. 
ARTABE
103
ARTERIA
  Art, Veterinary, Veterinary art.
  AR'TABE,  aprajJn.  Name of a measure for
dry substances, in  use with the  ancients, equal
at times,  to  5 modii:  at others, to  3;  and at
others, again, to 7.—Galen.
  ARTAN'I HE ELONCATA, see Matico.
  AR'TELSHEIM, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
These  German waters have been much  recom-
mended  in hysteria,  gout,  palsy,  Ac.   Their
physical or chemical  properties  have  not been
described.
  ARTEMIS'IA,  Anactlrion.   Called after  a
queen  of the name, who first employed it; or
from Aprepis, ' Diana;' because it was formerly
used in diseases of women, over whom she pre-
sided.   The Gauls called it Brieumum.
  Artemis'ia Abrot'anum, Abrol'anum,  Abrot'-
onum,  Abrot'anum   Cathsum, Abrot'anum  mas,
Abrathan,  South'ernwood, Oldman, (F.) Aurone,
Aurone male,  Aurone dea  jardina,  Garderobe,
Citronelle.   Supposed  to be possessed of stimu-
lant properties.
  Oil  of Southernwood, O'leum Abrot'ani, (F.)
JIuHe  d'Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper-
ties of the  plant.
  Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Abain'thium,  Abain'-
thium  rulga're, Apsin'thium,  Barypi'cron,  Com-
mon Wormwood, (¥.)  Absinthe.   Properties: —
tonic and anthelmintic  The Oil of Wormwood,
O'leum Absin'thii, (F.) Huile d'Absinthe, contains
the aromatic virtues of the plant.
  Artemisia  Afra, a South African  species, is
tonic, antispasmodic and anthelmintic; and has
been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob-
structions, jaundice and hypochondriasis.   It is
taken  in  infusion,   decoction  and tincture.  A
strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as
a collyrium in weakness of the eyes; and the
pounded leaves and stalks  are employed as dis-
cutients in oedema and sugillations.
  Artemisia Alba, A. Santonica—a. Balsamita,
A. Pontica.
  Artemisia Bien'nis, Biennial  Wormwood; in-
digenous.
  Artemisia  Botrys, Chenopodium  ambrosi-
oides.
  Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southernwood,
(F.) Aurone  des  Champs.   This possesses the
same properties as A. Abrot'anum.
  Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium bo-
trys.
  Artemisia  Chinen'sis,  A. In'dica, A. Moxa.
From this the Chinese form their moxas.
  Artemisia Contra,  A. Santonica.
  Artemisia  Dracun'culus,  Tar'agon,  (F.)
Armoise  estragon.  Virtues: — the same  as the
last.
  Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Silky  Wormwood;
  Artemisia  Indica,  Artemisia  Chinensis,  A.
Santonica;
  Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontica;
  Artemisia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Marlnum
seu Marit'imum, Sea Wormwood, Maritime South-
ernwood ;
  Artemisia  Moxa, A. Chinensis;
and
  Artemis'ia Pon'tica, .4.  Roma'na  seu Tenui-
fo'lia sen Balsamita seu Leptophylla, Absinthi-
um Pon'ticum seu Roma'num, Roman Wormwood,
lesser  Wormwood, possess like virtues ; — as well
as
  Artemisia Romana, A. Pontica;
  Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and
  Artemis'ia Rupes'tris, Creeping Wormwood,
Gen'ipi album, (F.) Armoise blanc, Ginipi blanc.
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in
intermit tents, and in amenorrhoea.
  Artemis'ia  Santon'ica,  Santon'icum, Arte-
mis'ia contra, Semen contra Vermes, Semen con-
tra,  S. Zedoa'ria,  Canni Herba, Ghamacedris,
Chamacyporis'sus, Semen Cina, Hagiosper'mum,
Sanc'tum  Semen, Absin'thium  Santon'icum,  Se-
mentlna, Xantoli'na, Scheba Ar'abum, Artemis' ia
Juda'ica,  Sina seu Cina Levan'tica, Wormseed,
Tartarian  Southernwood,  (F.)  Barbotine.   Vir-
tues :—anthelmintic and stimulant.  Dose, gr. x.
to 3J in powder.                           •
  Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica.
  Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra et alba,
Cin'gulum Sancti Joan'nis, Mater Herba'rum, Be-
renisecum,  Bubastecor'dium,  Canapa'cia,  Mug-
wort, (F.) Armoise ordinaire, A. Commune, Herbe
de  Saint  Jean.   This,  as  well  as  some  other
varieties, possesses the general tonic virtues  of
the  Artemisiae.   Artemisia  vulgaris  has been
highly extolled by the Germans  in cases of epi-
lepsy.  Dose of the powder, in the 24 hours, from
3ss to 3J.
  ARTE RE, Artery—a. Braehial,  Brachial ar-
tery—a. Brachio-cejihalique,  Innominata arteria
—a. Bronchique, Bronchial artery—a. Ciliairc,
Ciliary artery — a.  Clitorienne: see  Clitoris — a.
Ccrralc:  see Colic  arteries — a. Collaterale  du
coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus—a Collate-
rale externe, Arteria profunda humeri—a. Colla-
terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus—a.
Coronaire des levres, Labial artery—a.  Coronaire
Stomachique, Coronary artery—a. Crurale, Crural
artery—a. Beuxieme des thoraciques, Arteria tho-
racica externa inferior—a. Epineuse, Meningeal
artery, middle—a.Femoro-poplitee, Ischiatic artery
—a. Fessiere, Gluteal artery—a. Gastrique droite,
petite,  Pyloric artery — a.  Gutturo-maxillaire,
Mamillary artery, internal — a.  Honteuse externe,
Pudie, external, artery—a. Honteuse  interne, Pu-
dic,  internal, artery—a. Humerale profonde, Ar-
teria profunda humeri—a. lliaque primitive, Iliac
artery — a.  Innominee,  Innominata  arteria—a.
Iricnne, Ciliary  artery — a. Ischio-penienne:  see
Pudic,  internal,  artery — a. Mediane anterieure,
Spinal artery, anterior — a. Mediane posterieure
du rachis,  Spinal artery, posterior—a. Meniugee
moyenne,  Meningeal artery, middle—a. Menton-
niire, Mental foramen—a. Mesocephalique, Basi-
lary artery — o.  Meeocolique: see Colic artery—
a. Muaculaire du bras,  Arteria  profunda humeri
—a. Musculaire  du bras, grande: see  Collateral
arteries of the arm—a. Musculaire grande  de la
cuisse, Arteria profunda femoris—a. Opisthogas-
trique,  Cueliac artery—a.  Orbitaire,  Ophthalmic
artery — a. de I'Ovaire, Spermatic  artery — a.
Pelvi-crurale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi-crurale,
Iliac artery—a. Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery—
a. Premiere  dea thoraciquea, Arteria  thoracica
externa superior — a. Rcidio-carpienne  transver-
sale palmaire, Radio-carpal artery — a. Scrotale,
Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Sous-claviere, Sub-
clavian artery—o. Sous-pub io-femor ale, Obturator
artery—a. Sous-pubienne,  Pudic, internal, artery
—a. Sous-sternal, Mammary, internal—a. Sphe-
no-epineuse, Meningeal artery, mid,dle—a. Stomo-
gastrique,  Coronary  artery — <i.  Sus-carpienne:
see  Sus-carpien — a.  Sus-maxillaire,   Alveolar
artery — a. Sus-maxillaire,  Buccal  artery — a.
Sus-metatarsicnne, Metatarsal  artery — a. Sus-
pubienne,  Epigastric  artery — a.  Testiculaire,
Spermatic artery—a. Thoracique humerale. Acro-
mial artery — a.  Tracheiocervical: see Cerebral
arteries — a. Trochanterienne, Circumflex  artery
of the thigh—a.  2'roisieme des thoraciques, Acro-
mial artery—a.  Tympanique,  Auditory artery,
external—a.  Uveah : see Ciliary  artery—a. Vul.
vaire, Pudic, external, artery.
  ARTERIA, Artery—a. Ad Cutem Abdominis,
see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria)—a. Anonyma, 
ARTERIAC
104
ARTERY
Innominata artery—a.  Aspera, Trachea—a. Ce-
reliralis, Carotid, internal—a. Cervicalis, Basilary
artery—a.  Coronaria dextra,  Pyloric artery—a.
Crassa, Aorta—a. Externa cubiti, Radial artery
■—a. Dorsalis metacarpi,  Metacarpal artery—a.
Duras matris media maxima, Meningeal  artery,
middle — a. Encephalica, Carotid, internal — a.
Gastrica superior, Coronary artery—a. Ilio-colica:
see»Colic arteries—a. Iliaca interna, Hypogastric
artery—a. Iliaca posterior, Hypogastric artery—
a. Magna,  Aorta — a. Magna pollicis,  Princeps
pollicis—a. Malleolaris  externa: see Tibial arte-
ries—a. Malleolaris interna: see Tibial arteries—
a. Mammaria externa, A. Thoracica externa, in-
ferior—a. Maxima, Aorta—a. Media anastomoti-
ca: see Colic arteries—a. Meningaea media, Me-
ningeal artery, middle—a. Muscularis femoris, A.
Profunda femoris—a. Pharyngea suprema, Ptery-
goid artery — a. Profunda eerebri: see Cerebral
arteries—a. Pudenda communis, Pudic, internal,
artery — a. Pudica, Pudic, internal, artery — a.
Ramulus ductus Pterygoidei,  Pterygoid artery—
a. Spheno-spinosa, Meningeal  artery, middle—a.
Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri—a. Sternalis, Mam-
mary, internal — a. Supra-orbitalis,  Frontal ar-
tery — a. Sylviana:  see Cerebral  arteries — a.
Thoracica  axillaris  vel  alaris, Scapular artery,
inferior—a Thoracica humeralis, Acromial artery
—a. Transversalis colli:  see  Cerebral arteries—
a. Transversalis humeri, Scapular artery, superior
— a.  Ulnaris, Cubital artery — a. Uterina hypo-
gastrica, Uterine  artery — a Vasta posterior, A.
Profunda femoris.
   ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'acue.   A medicine pre-
scribed in  diseases  of the windpipe.  Also arte-
rial.
   ARTE'RI^E ADIPO'S^E.   The arteries which
secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes
so  called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries.
   Arteria Apoplectic.e, Carotids—a. Capitales,
Carotids—a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries—a. Corporis
callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries—a. Jugulares,
Carotids—a. Lethargicae, Carotids—a. Mesolobi-
cao, Mesolobar arteries — a. Praeparantes, Sper-
matic arteries—a. Somniferae, Carotids—a.  Sopo-
rales, Carotids — a. Soporariae, Carotids—a. Ve-
nosa;, Pulmonary veins.
   ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arterio'sus.   Be-
longing to arteries.
   Arterial  Blood, (F.)  Sang arteriel.  Red
blood is so called because contained in the arte-
ries.   The pulmonary veins, however,  also con-
tain  red blood:  hence the name  arterial veins,
 (F.)  Veincs arterielles, applied to them.
   Arte'rial Duct, Cana'lis  arterio'sus, Ductus
 arterio'sus, D. Botal'lii, (F.) Canal arteriel, C.
 Pulmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary
 artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus.
 When  this duct is obliterated after birth, it is
 called Arte'rial Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament arteriel.
   Arterial  System includes all the  arteries,
 from their origin in the heart to their termina-
 tion in the organs.   See  Vascular System.
   ARTERIALIZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,
 Haematosis.
   ARTERIARCTIE,, from aprvpta, 'artery/ and
 arcto, 'I straiten.'  Contraction of an artery.
   ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism.
   ARTERIECTOP'IA,  from  aprnpia,  'artery/
 and  exrotros,  'out of place.   Dislocation  of an
 artery.
   ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism.
   ARTERIITIS. Arteritis.
   ARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism.
   ARTERIOGRAPHY, Arteriogra'phia: from
 aprnpia, ' artery/ and ypatpq,  ' a description.'  A
 description of the arteries.
  ARTERTOLA.  A small artery.
  ARTERIOL'OGY, Arterio/og"ia; from aprnpia,
'artery/ and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  A treatise on
the arteries.
  ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.   An  epithet ap-
plied to  vessels which  creep along  the interior
of the nostrils.—Ruysch.
  ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism.
  ARTERIOSTTAS, from Arteria,  'an artery/
A condition of the blood in which it preserves in
the veins the  arterial character. — The opposite
to Venositas.
  Arteriositas Sanguinis, Praedominium san-
guinis arteriosi.
  ARTERIOSTEIE, from aprnpia, 'artery/ and
oereov, 'a bone.'  Ossification  of an  artery.—
Piorry.
  ARTERIOT'OMY, Arteriotom'ia, from apropia,
' an artery/ and repvw, ' I cut.'  This  word has
been used for the  dissection of arteries.   Most
commonly, however, it means a surgical opera-
tion, which consists in opening an artery, to
draw blood from it.   Arteriotomy is  chiefly used
in inflammatory affections of the head, when the
blood  is generally  obtained  from the temporal
artery.  See Blood-letting.
  ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'tie, Inflamma'tio Arte-
ria'rum, (F.)  Arterite, Inflammation  dea artires;
from aprnpia,  ' an artery/ and itis, a termination
denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of an ar-
tery.  Inflammation of  the inner  coat  of an
artery is termed Endo-arteri'tia, or  Endonar-
teri'tis; of the  outer,  Exo-arteri'tia  or  Exar-
teri'tia.
  AR'TERY,  Arte'ria, (F.) Artlre,  from  ar,p,
' air/ and rnpetv,  ' to preserve/ quasi, ' receptacle
of air/ because the ancients believed that it con-
tained air.  They, at first, gave the name Artery
to the trachea, aprnpia rpa^cia, because it is filled
with air;  and afterwards  they used  the  same
term for the arteries, properly so called, probably
because they commonly found them empty in the
dead body.  We find,  also, <pXefies to  designate
the arteries, called by the Latins Vena mican'tes
pulsaliles.  Arteries, with the moderns, signify
the order of  vessels, which  arise from the two
ventricles of  the heart, and  have valves only at
their  origin.   They are cylindrical,  firm,  and
elastic canals  ; of a  yellowish white colour; little
 dilatable; easily lacerable; and formed, 1.  Of an
external, laminated or  areolar  membrane,  of  a
dense and dose character.   2. Of a  middle coat
composed of  fibres, which does  not, however,
contract on the application of the galvanic stimu-
lus; and 3. Of an inner coat, which is thin, dia-
phanous, reddish, and polished.
   The use of the arteries  is to carry the  blood
from the heart to the various parts of the .system.
 It  will be obvious, however, that they cannot all
 convey arterial  blood.  The pulmonary artery,
for example,  is  destined to convey the  venous
blood to the  lungs, there  to be converted into
 arterial; whilst  the pulmonary veins convey
 arterial blood back to the heart.

 TABLE OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  ARTERIES OF THE
                     BODY.

   All the other arteries take their rise from the
 Pulmonary Artery,  or the Aorta:  and the names
 generally indicate  the parts to  which they are
 distributed.

            I. Arteria Pulmonalis.

   The Pulmonary  Artery arises from the  right
 ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left
 branch,  one  of  which  is  distributed to  each
 lung. 
ARTERY
105
ARTERY
a. A.Ca- |
rolnlca  ^
externa. ',
Tempo-
ralis.
.. ....... j .

 S Furnis
 )   laris
               II. Arteria Aorta.

  The Aorta arises from the left ventricle.   It is
tho common  trunk of the arteries of the body,
and may be divided into fire portions.

 a. A i-tc,-i, g furnished by the Aorta at its origin.

      1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior.
      2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior.

  b. Arteries furnished by  the Aorta at its arch.

  The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two
considerable  trunks—the  Arteria  earotidea jjri-
witina,  and A. subclavia; and, to  the right, a
single trunk, which is larger—the A. innominata,
or  Brachio-ccpha/ica, which divides into the_prt-
mitive carotid and subclavian.

A.  Arteria Caro- j Divides into A. Carotidea exter-
  tidka  pkimitiva. j  na, A. Carotidea interna.
         ( Furnishes, 1. A. Tliyroidea superior.
            12.  A, lingualis, which nives off the A. dor-
                salis lingua: aud A  sublingualis.
            3.  A facialis  vel A. Maxittaris externa,
                 which furnishes the A. palatina infe-
                 rior, the A. submenlalis, and A. coro-
                 naria superior and  inferior.
            4.  A. occipitalis,  which gives off the A.
                 mastoidea posterior.
            5.  B. auricularis posterior,  which gives
                 off A. giylo-mustoidea.
         (   6.  A. pharyngea inferior.
  The external  carotid ultimately divides into  the
temporal artery and internal maxillary.

           "■ "nishes A. transversalis faciei. A. auricu-
              ris anterior, and A. temporalis media.

         (Furnishes  13  branches,  viz. A.  meningca
            media, A. dentaris inferior, A. temporalis
            profunda  posterior,  A. masseterina,  A.
            pterygoidca. A. bvecalis, A. temporalis pro-
            funda anterior, A. aleeolaris ; A. suborbi-
            taris,  A. vidiana, A. pterygopalatina or
            pharyngea superior.  A.  palatina superior,
            and A. sphenopalatine
         ' Furnishes,  1.  A. op/ithalmica, which gives
            off A. lachrymalis, A. centralis retime, A.
            Biipraorhitaria vel superciliaris, A.ciliares
            posteriores,  A. ciliares  longae,  A. muscu-
            iaris superior et inferior, A. ethmoidals
            posterior fcl  anterior, A. palpebrals supe-
            rior  et inferior, A. nasalis, and A. fronta-
         |   lis.  2. A. communicans,  Willesii.  3. A.
         j   choroidea.  4. A. ccrebralis anterior.  5. A.
         (   ccrebralis media.
         ( Furnishes, 1. A. vertebralis, which gives off
         I   A. spinalis  anterior et  posterior, A. cere-
            bellosa inferior, and  forms—by uniting it-
            self  with that of the opposite side—the A.
         I1   basilaris, divided into  A. cerebellosa su-
            perior and A. cerebralis posterior.  2. A.
            tliyroidea inferior, which gives off A. cer-
            vicalis ascendens.   3. A. mammaria in-
Eubcla-  ">   tenia,.which gives off the A. mediastina
  via.      anterior and A.  diaphragmatica superior.
            A.  A  intcrcostulis superior.  5. A. cervica-
         j   /is transversa.  6. A. scapularis superior,
            IT.  A.  cervicalis  posterior vel profunda.
            Farther on,  the subclavian artery conti-
            nues its progress under the name A. axil-
         (   laris.
          Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis.   2. A. thoracica
            superior.  3. A. thoracica inferior vel lovga
            vel mammaria  externa.   4. A. scapularis
         {   inferior vel  communis.  5. A. circumfie.ta
         |   posterior.  15. A. circumflexa anterior.  Far-
         [   ther on, the axillary artery continues un-
         (   der the name A. bracliialis.
         I Furnishes A. humeralis profunda vel collate-
         1   ralis externa.   2. A coltateralis interna.
         \   It  afterwards divides into the radial and
         (   cubital arteries.
         t Gives  off A. rccurrens radialis, A. dorsalis
I. A. Ra-\   carpi,  A. dorsalis mctacarpi. A. dorsalis
 dialis.   1   pollicis. and terminates  in forming the
         '   Arcus pnlmaris profundus.
         ("Gives off A. rccurrens cubitalis anterior and
            posterior: A. interossea anterior and pos-
2. A- Cu- J   trrior. which latter furnishes A. rccurrens
 bitalis,  j   radialis posterior.  It terminates in form-
            ine  the  superficial  palmar  arck, which
         \   gives off A.  Cotialerales digilorum.
  2. A.
Mu rill a
ris in-
terna.
I). A. Ca-
rotidea
interna.
A. Axil
  laris.
A  Bra-
 chialis,
c. Arteries given off by the Aorta in the Tlonix.
            fl. A. Bronchica, dextra et sinistra.
            2. A. asophagtra  (lo the number  of four,
                five,  or six.)
 arteries^   g A mediastina; posteriores.
  are'   |   4. A. intercosla/es inferiores  vel aorti&t
         [       (to the number of eight, nine, or leu.)

d. Arteries furniahed by the Aorta in the Abdomen.

  These  t   j Y)le j/. diaphragmatica  vel  vhrenica,
branches <       dexfra e£ /ijlistra.
  are,  I
         (Which divides into  three branches, 1. A. co-
         I   ronaria ventriculi.  2. A. Hepatica. which
 2. A.  J   gives off A. pylonca.  A. gastro-epiploica
Catliaca.}   dextra  and A. cystica; and, lastly, the A.
         j   splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiplb-
         (   ica sinistra and Vasa  brevia
 3.  A.  t Which gives  off at  its concavity the A. co-
 Mcscn- \   lica dextra superior, media et inferior, arid
 tcrica  \   at its convex part from 15 to 20 llami in-
superior '   teslinales.

 m    '  V Which gives off A. rolica superior media,
 . s. n~ <   and inferior, and divides into A. hannur-
. Itc   I   rhoidalcs superiores.
inferior. \              v
  5.  The A.  Capsulares media (to the number of two
    on each side.)
  6.  A. Renales vel Emulgentes.
  7.  A. Spermatica.
  8.  A. Lnmbares (to the number of four or five on
    each side.)

e. Arteries resulting from  the Bifurcation of the
                      Aorta.
  The Aorta, a little  above its Bifurcation, gives off
the  A. sacra media, and divides  into A. iliaca:  pri-
mitiva:.
A. Iliaca
 pri mi
  tiva.
caUi
*  I   '
iaca in-.
 tcrna
b.  A.  Il-
iaca ex-
 terna.
A.  Cru-
  ralis.
            vides into A. Iliaca interna and A. Iliaca
            externa.

          Furnishes,  1. A. ilio-lumbaris.  2. A. sacra
            lateralis.  3. A. glutea vel iliaca posterior.
            4. A. umbilicalis.  5.  A.  vesica/is.  6.  A.
            obturatoria.   7.  A. hwmorrhoidea media,
            B A. ut.crina.   9. A. vaginalis.   10.  A.
            ischiatica.  11. A. pudenda interna, which
            gives off  the A. hemorrhoidales inferiores,
            A, of the septum,  A. transversa  perinci,
            A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dorsalis penis.
          Furnishes,  1. A. epigastrica. 2 A. ilie.ca an-
            terior vel circumflexa i/ii,  and is continued
            afterwards under the name of  Crural Ar-
            tery.
         'Furnishes;  1. A. subcutavea abdominalis.  2.
            A. pudenda superficialis and profunda.  3.
            A. mvscularis superficia/is   4, A muscu-
            laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir-
            cumflexa externa  and interna, and the
            three Perforantes, distinguished  into su-
            perior,  middle, and inferior.  Farther on,
            the  crural  artery continues  under the
            name A.  Poplilaia.
          Furnishes,  1. A. Articularcs superiores, in-
            terna,  media, et externa.  2. A. Qcmellai.
            3 A. Arliculares inferiores, interna et ex-
            terna.  4. A. tibialis avtica, which, at the
            foot, takes the name, A. dorsalis tarsi, and
            gives off  the  tarsal and  metatarsal  arte-
            ries. In  the leg, the popliteal artery di-
            vides  into the  peroneal and posterior
            tibial.
          Divides into A. peronaa antica and A.pero-
            «<r postica.
         (Divides  into A. plavtaris  interna and  A.
            plantaris externa.  The latter, by anasto-
            mosing with the A. dorsalis tarsi,  forms
            the  plantar  arch, whence arise Rami su-
            periores vol perforantes postici,  R. Inferi-
            ores poslici et antici, which  give off Rami
            perforantes antici.

  Artery, Angular,  Facial artery — a.  Articu-
lar, Circumflex artery—a.  Brachiocephalic, Inno-
minata arteria—a.  Central of the  retina,  Central
artery of the retina—a. Central of Zinn,  Central
artery  of the  retina — a.  Cephalic,  Carotid — a.
Cerebral posterior, Vertebral—a.  Cervico-scapu-
lar, see Cervical arteries—a.  Coronary of the lips,
Labial artery — a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery—
a. Fibular, Peroneal arterj' — a. Gastric inferior,
A.  Pop-
 litaea.
\.A. Pe-
 ronaa.


2. A Ti-
 bia/it
postica. 
ARTETISCUS
106
ARTICULAR
(iastro-epiploic artery — a.  Gastro-hcpatie,  see
Gastro-epiploic artery—a. Genital, Pudic (inter-
nal) artery — a. Guttural inferior, Thyroideal A.
inferior—a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su-
perior— a. Humeral,  Brachial artery — a. Iliac
posterior, Gluteal  artery — a. Iliaco-muscular,
Ileo-lumbar artery — a. Labial, Facial artery—a.
Laryngeal  superior, Thyroideal artery, superior
—a. Maxillary internal, Facial artery—a. Median
of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior—a. Nasal,
lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery—a. Palato-
labial, Facial  artery — a. Pericephalic, Carotid
(external) — a. Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo-
palatine  artery — a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic  ar-
tery — a. Posterior  of the brain, see Cerebral ar-
teries— a. External scapular, Acromial artery—
a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subcla-
vian right, Innominata arteria—a. Subscapular,
Scapular artery,  inferior — a. Superficial of the
abdomen, Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Su-
pramaxillary,  Alveolar artery — a. Suprarenal,
Capsular artery—a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary
internal—a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal
artery — a. Vesico-prostatic, Vesical artery — a.
Vidian, Pterygoid artery.
  ARTETIS"'CUS ; from artua, ' a limb/   One
who has lost a limb.
  ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism.
  ARTIIANFTA, from apros, 'bread;' the  Cyc'-
lamen or Sowbread. It was formerly made  into
ointment,  Unguen'tum  Arthani'ta, with  many
other substances, and was employed as a purga-
tive, being rubbed on the abdomen.
  Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen.
  ARTHETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  ARTHRAGRA,  Gout—a. Anomala, Gout, an-
omalous— a. Genuina, Gout, regular—a. Legiti-
ma, Gout, regular—a. Nornialis, Gout, regular—
a. Vera, Gout, regular.
  ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead
rheumatism.
   ARTHRELCO'SIS, from apSpov, 'a joint/ and
'eXxuxris, 'ulceration.'  Ulceration of a joint.
   ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the
next.  The reduction of a fracture or  luxation.
  ARTHREM'BOLUS,  from apbpov, 'a joint/
tv,  'in/ and jiaXXw, 'I cast.'   An ancient instru-
ment used in the reduction  of dislocations.
   AXTHRETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
   ARTHRITTC, Arthrit'icus,  from  apSpov,  'a
 joint.'   (F.) Arthritique, Goutteux.  That which
 relates to gout  or arthritis,  as arthritic symp-
 toms, &c.
   ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
   ARTHRITIF'UGUM; from arthritis, 'gout/
 and fugare, 'to drive away.'  A remedy  that
 drives  away  gout.   Heyden terms cold water,
 internally, the arthritif ugum magnum.
   ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Arthro-
 eia — a. Aberrans,  Gout (wandering)—a. Acuta,
 Gout (regular) — a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism,
 chronic—a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic)—a. Atonic,
 Gout (atonic) — a.  Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec-
 toris—a. Erratica, Gout (wandering)—a. Hydrar-
 thros, Hydrarthrus—a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re-
 gular)—a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute—a.
 Maxillaris, Siagonagra — a. Nodosa,  Gout (with
 nodosities)—a. Planetica, Gout (wandering) — a.
 Podagra, Gout—a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism,
 acute—a. Rheumatismus, Rheumatism, acute —
 a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde.)
   ARTHROC'ACE,  from apbpov, ' a joint/ and
 xaxus, 'bad.'  Disease of the joints;  and espe-
 cially  caries  of the articular  surfaces.   Spina
 ventosa.
   Arthrocace  Coxarum,  Coxarum morbus.
   ARTHROCACOLOG"IA, from arthrocacia —
 according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints;
and Xoyoj, ' a description.' The doctrine of chro-
nic diseases  of the joints.
  ARTHROCARCIXO'MA, from apSpoy, 'a
joint/ and  xapxtvwpa,  ' cancer.'  Cancer of the
joints.
  ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS, from apSpov,'a
joint/ %ovlpos, 'a cartilage/ and itis, denoting
inflammation.  Inflammation  of the cartilages
and joints.   •
  ARTIIRO'DIA, from apSpov, 'a joint.'   Adar-
ticula'tio. A moveable joint, formed by tho head
of a bone applied to  the surface of a shallow
socket, so that it can execute movements in every
direction.  Arthro'dium is ' a small joint:' dimi-
nutive of Arthrodia.
  ARTHRODYN'IA,  Arthronalgia,  Arthral-
gia, from apSpov,  'articulation/ and olvvn, 'pain.'
Articular pain.  Pain in the joints.   See Rheu-
matism, chronic.
  Arthrodynia Podagrica, Gout.
  ARTHROL'OGY, Arthrolog"ia,  from apSpov,
' a joint/ and Xoyos,  ' a description.'   A descrip-
tion of the joints.  The anatomy  of the joints.
  ARTHROM'BOLE, from  aiSpov,  and (SaXXw,
'I cast.'  Coaptation,  reduction.   Reduction of
a luxated or fractured  bone.
  ARTHROMENLNGITIS, Meningarthrocace.
   ARTHRON, 'ajoint.'  The ancients used the
word Arthron, for the  articulation of bones with
motion,  in  opposition  to Symphysis, or articula-
tion without motion.
   ANTHRONALGIA, Arthrodynia.
   ARTHRON'CUS, Arthrophy'ma; from apSpov,
' a joint/ and oyxos, ' a swelling.'  Tumefaction
of a joint.
   ARTHRONEMPYESIS,  Arthropyosis.
   ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS,  from apSpov, 'ajoint/
and   ipXcyw,  ' I burn;' Arthritis, Ostarthro'sia.
Inflammation of  the joints.
   ARTHROPHYMA   ADENOCHONDRIUM,
see Adenochondrius.
   ARTHROPYO'SIS,  Arthronempye'aia,  from
apSpov, 'a joint/ and  -nvov,  'pus.'  -Suppuration
or abscess of the  joints.
   ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism
 (acute.)
   ARTHRO'SIA, from  apSpow, 'I articulate/
 Arthritia, (of some.)   Inflammation, mostly con-
 fined to the joints; severely painful; occasionally
 extending to the surrounding muscles.  A genus
 of diseases in the  Nosology of Good, including
 Rheumatiam, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joint-
 ache, &c.
   Arthrosia  Acuta,  Rheumatism, acute — a.
 Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic—a. Lumborum,
 Lumbago — a. Podagra, Gout—a. Podagra com-
 plicata,  Gout (retrograde) — a. Podagra larvata,
 Gout (atonic) — a. Podagra regularis, Gout (re-
 gular.)
   ARTHROSIS, Articulation.
   ARTHROSPON'GUS, from apSpov,  'a joint/
 and  attoyyos, 'a  sponge.'  A  white, fungous tu-
 mour of the joints.
   ARTHROTRAU'MA, from apSpov, 'a joint/
 and rpavu.a, 'a wound.'  A wound of ajoint.
   AR'TIA. According to some,  this word is sy-
 nonymous  with  aprnpia; others use it synony-
 mously with Trachea.
   ARTIOHAUT, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICLE, Articulation.
   ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICULAR,  Articula'ria: from  artua, 'a
 joint;' articulua, 'a small joint.'  That which  re-
 lates to  the articulations;—as the articular cap-
 sules, &e.
   Articular Arteries of the Arm, Circum-
 flex  arteries of the arm. 
ARTICULATIO
107
ARYT^ENA
  Artic'clar  Ar'teries  of the Knee  arise
from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio-
femoral artieulattn.  Although of a small size,
they are important, as they furnish blood to  the
lower extremity after the operation for popliteal
aneurism.  They are  distinguished into superior
and  inferior.  The  superior articular  arteries,
popliteal articular arteries, are  commonly three
in number; one of which is internal, another ex-
ternal,  and another  middle, the az'ygoue artic'-
ular.  Tho first, Ramus anaatomolicua magnua,
anastomoses by one branch with the external  cir-
cumflex ; and by another with the  external supe-
rior  articular.  The second anastomoses with the
external  circumflex,  the superior internal arti-
cular,  and the inferior external articular;  and
the third is distributed within the joint.   The in-
ferior  articular arterica  are  two in number: an
internal and external.   The former anastomoses
with the internal superior articular and  the  ex-
ternal  inferior articular.  The latter anastomoses
with the recurrent branch of the  anterior tibial,
and the  external superior articular.   To each
articular artery there is  an articidar nerve.
   Artic'ular  Facettes'  are  the  contiguous
surfaces, by  means of which the bones  are arti-
culated.
   Articular Processes,  see Vertebrae.
   Artic'ular  Veins of  the  knee  follow  the
same course  as the arteries.
   ARTICULATIO, Articulation—a. Artificialis,
Pseudarthrosis—a. Notha,  Pseudarthrosis.
   ARTICULA'TION, Joint,  Avticula'tio,  Ar-
throsis, Assarthro'sis, Artic'ulus, Junctit'ra, Cola,
Gonjitnc'tio,  A'odua,   Commissu'ra,  Oontpa'ges,
Syntax'is, Har'nius,  Vertic'ula,  Vertic'ulus, Ver-
tic'ulum,  (F.) Articulation,  Article.  Same  ety-
mon.   The union of bones  with  each other, as
well as the kind of union.

           TABLE OF ARTICULATIONS.

   Articulations are generally divided into Diar-
throses or moveable articulations,  and  Synar-
throses or immoveable.
              f  1. Amphiarthrosis.
              I  2. Diarthrosis, orbicu- ( Enarthrosis.
Diartliroses. ' ^    lar vague.        ( Arthrodia.
                3. Alternative or Ginglymus, which
                  admits of varieties.
              f  1. Suture.
„   ,,       I  2  Harmony.
Synarthroses.  {  ;,. Qomphosis.
              I  4. Schindylesis.

   The  articulations  are  subject to a number of
diseases,  which are generally somewhat severe.
These  may be physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa-
tions,  &o.; or they may  be organic, as ankylosis,
extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout,  hy-
drarthroses, arthropyosis, <tc.
   Articulation means also the combination of
tetters which constitute words.   See Voice.
   Articulation, False, Pseudarthro'sis, Artic'-
ulus falsus,  (F.)  A. fansse, A. accidentellc, A.
contre  nature, A. anormale.   A false joint, formed
between fragments of bone, that have remained
ununited; or between a luxated  bone and  the
surrounding  parts.                  v
   ARTWULATIOX EN CHARNIERE, Gin-
iriymus—a. de la Hanche, Coxo-femoral articula-

 ' AIITICULI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalan-
ges of  the fingers—a. Digitorum pedis, Phalanges
of the toes.
   ARTICCLO  MORTTS,  see  Psyehorages — a.
Spinalis,  Seniispinalis colli.
   ARTIFICIAL, Artificia'lis, (F.) Artifieiel;
from ars, artis, 'art/ and facere, 'to make.' That
which  is formed by art.
  Artificial  Eyes are usually made of enamel,
and represent  a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
is applied beneath the eyelids, when the  eye is
lost.
  Artificial  Teeth are made  of ivory,  porce-
lain, &c.
  PIECES D'ANA TOMIE AR TIFICIELL ES,
are preparations of anatomy, modelled in wax,
plaster, paper, Ac.
  ARTISCOCCUS L.EVIS,  Cynara scolymus.
  ARTIS'CUS,  from  apros,  'bread.'  See  Tro-
chiscus.  A troch  of the  shape  of a small  loaf.
Also, and especially, a troch made of vipers.
  ARTOCAR'PUS.  The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.)
Jaquier.  A Polynesian tree, so called because
the fruit, which is milky, and juicy,  supplies the
place of bread to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows to
the height of 40 feet.
  Artocarpus Integrifolia, Caoutchouc.
  ARTOC'REAS,  from apros, 'bread/ and xptas,
'flesh/  A kind of nourishing food  made of va-
rious aliments boiled together.—Galen.
  ARTOG'ALA, from apros, ' bread/ and yaXa,
'milk.'  An alimentary preparation of bread and
milk.  A poultice.
  ARTOM'ELI, from  apros, 'bread/ and  peXi,
'honey.'  A  cataplasm of bread  and honey.—
Galen.
  ARTUS, Membrum.
  ARTYMA,  Aroma, Condiment.
  ARUM, A.  maculatum, and A. triphyllum—a.
Americanum betae foliis, Dracontium fcetidum.
  Arum Dracun'culus, Dracun'cuius polyphyl-
his,  Colubrlna Dracon'tia, Erva de  Saneta Ma-
ria, Gig'arus  serpenta'ria, Arum polyphyllum,
Serpenta'ria  Gallo'rum.  Family, Aroideae.  Sex.
Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves
are very acrimonious.   The plant resembles the
A. macula'tum in its properties.
  Arum  Esculen'tum, Cala'dium  esculen'tum,
Taro, Kalo.   The  foliage and roots possess acrid
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or  boil-
ing ; in which form it is used as food by the
people of Madeira, the Polynesians,  &c.
  Arum Macula'tum,  Aron, Arum (of the older
writers), A. vulga're, Cuckow Pint, Barba  Aaro'-
nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'giber German'icum,
Sacerdo'tis penis, Wake Robin, Priest's pintle, (F.)
Gouet, Pied de Veau.   The fresh  root is  stimu-
lant  internally.  Dose, ^j-  °f *ne   dried  root.
Externally, it is very acrid.   From  the root  of
this Arum a starch is  prepared, which  is called
Portland Island Sago, Gersa serpenta'ria, Gems'-
aa aerpenta'ria, Fec'ula ari macula1 ti.
  Arum, Three-Leaved, Arum triphyllum.
  Arum,  Triphyl'lum,  Three-leaved arum, (F.)
Pied de Veau triphylle, Indian Turnip, Dragon
Root,  Dragon Turnip,  Pepper  Turnip.    This
plant grows  all over the United  States,  and is
received into  the  Pharmacopoeia under the title
Arum.  The recent root, or Cormus—Arum,  (Ph.
U.  S.)—is very acrimonious, and has been em-
ployed in asthma,  croup, and hooping-cough.
Boiled in lard, it has been used in tinea capitis,
and in milk in consumption.
  Arum Virginicum,  Peltandra Virginica — a.
Vulgare, A. maculatum.
  ARUMARI, Caramata.
  ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo —a. Brachii
major, Ulna — a. Brachii minor, Radius — a. In-
dica, Sagittarium  alexipharmacum — a. Major,
Tibia — a. Minor,  Fibula — a.  Saccharifera, see
Saccharum.
  ARVA.  Ava.
  ARVUM, Vulva—a. Naturae,  Uterus.
  ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS, Arytenoidams—a.
Epiglottieus. Arytieno-epiglotticus.
  ARYT Ji'XA, apvratva, ' a ladle.'  Hence, 
        ARYT2EN0-EPIGL0TTICUS        1

  A R Y TIE' X 0 -EPIGLOT'TICUS, Aryta'no-
epiglottida'ua, Ary-epiglolticus.  That which be-
longs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis.
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci-
culi, which  are attached, at one extremity, to the
arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free
edge of the epiglottis.  These fibres do not al-
ways  exist.  They  form  part of the arytenoid
muscle of modern anatomists.
  AR'YTEXOID,  Arytano'l dea, Arytendida'na,
from apyraiva, 'a ladle/ and eilos, 'shape.'  Ladle-
shaped.
  Arytenoid  Car'tilages,  Oartilag" ines aryte-
noldes, C. guttura'les, C. Gutturi'na, C. gutturi-
for'mes. C. triq'uetra, Guttur'nia, are two carti-
lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the
cricoid, which, by approximation,  diminish the
aperture of the glottis.  Their upper extremi-
ties or cornua are  turned towards  each other,
and are now and then found  loose, in the form of
appendices, which  are considered, by  some,  as
distinct cartilages, and termed  cuneiform or tu-
berculated Cartilages or Comic'ula-Laryn'gis.
  Arytenoid Glands, Gland'u/.a Arytenoida'a,
are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an-
terior to the A. cartilages.  They pour out a mu-
cous fluid to lubricate the larynx.
  ARYTEXOID^E'US,  (F.) Arytendidien.  A
small muscle,  which passes  from one arytenoid
cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings
them together, and diminishes  the  aperture of
the glottis. Winslow  divided  the  muscle  into
three portions; — the Arytenoida'us transver'sus,
or Ary-arytenoida'ua, and two Arytenoida'i ob-
IV qui.
  ARYTH'M, Aryth'mua, from  a, privative, and
pvduos,  'rhythm/  'measure.'   Irregular.  This
word is applied chiefly to the pulse.
  ASA, Asafcetida.   See  Assa.
  ASAFQS'TIDA, Aasofce'tida, Assafet'ida,  Ster-
cua diab'oli, Cibua  Deo'rum, Aaa, Devil'a dung,
Food of the Goda.   A gum-resin — the concrete
juice  of Fer'ula Aaaafce'tida, Narthex Aaaafce'-
tida.  Order, Umbelliferae.  It is in small masses
of a whitish, reddish, and violet hue,  adhering
together.   Taste bitter and  subacrid: smell in-
supportably alliaceous.   The Asiatics use it re-
gularly as a condiment.
  Its medical properties  are antispasmodic, sti-
mulant, and anthelmintic.   Dose, gr. v to xx, in
pill.
  ASAGRiEA  OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina.
  AS'APES, ' crude/ Aaep'ton.   A term applied
to the sputa, or to other matters  evacuated, which
do not give signs of coction.
  ASAPH'ATUM, from  a, privative, and oaijins,
' clear.' This  term  has been applied to collec-
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which
may be pressed out like little worms, with a black
head.  See Acne.
  ASAPHI'A, from a, privative,  and aa<pns,
' clear.' Dyspho'nia immodula'ta palatina, Pa-
rapho'nia  guttura'lie;  P. palatina.  Defective
articulation, dependent upon diseased  palate.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
  ASARABACCA,  Asarum — a. Broad-leaved,
Asarum Canadense.
  ASAR'CON, from a, privative, and o-apf, 'flesh.'
Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses the term for the
head when it is but little fleshy, compared with
the chest and abdomen.          »
  ASARET, Asarum —  a. du  Canada, Asarum
Canadense.
  ASARI'TES, from aaapov, 'the  asarum/  A
diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient.
—Dioscorides.
  AS'ARUM, from a, privative, and aatpeiv, 'to
adorn:' because not  admitted  into the ancient
                   ASCIA

coronal wreaths;  As'arum Europa'um, A. officx-
na'le, Nardue Monta'na, Nardus Rust'ica, Az'-
arum, (F.) Asaret ou Cabaret, Oreille d'hommc,
  reillette, Girard-Roussin, Nard Sauragc. Earn.
  roidese.   Sex. Syei. Dodecandria Monogynia.
The plant, used in medicine, is the As'arum Eu-
ropa'um,  Asarabac'ea, and  of this  tho  leaves.
They are  emetic, cathartic, and errhine, but are
hardly ever employed, except for the last purpose.
  Asarum Canaden'se, A.  Carolinia'num,  Ca-
nada Snakeroot, Wild Ginger, Colt's Foot, Broad-
leaf Asarabacca,  Indian Ginger,  Heart  Snake-
root, (F.)  Asaret du Canada. The root As'arum,
(Ph. U. S.) is used as a substitute  for ginger, and
is  said  to act  as  a warm  stimulant  and dia-
phoretic.
  Asarum Carolinianum,  A. Canadense — a.
Europamm, see Asarum — a. Hypocistis, Cytinus
hypocistis—a. Officinale, see Asarum.
  ASBESTOS  SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy
scalp.
  ASCAIX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Ascain
is a village, situate about a league from St. Jean-
de-Luz, in France.  The water is a cold chaly-

  ASCARDAMYC'TES, from a,  privative, and
axaplapvrrw, 'I twinkle the eyes.'  One who stares
with fixed eyes, without moving  the  eyelids.—
Hippocrates.
  ASCARICIDA AXTHELMINTICA,  Vcrno-
nia anthelmintica.
  ASOARIDE LOMBRICOIDE, Ascaris lum-
bricoides—a.  Vermiculaire, Ascaris vcrmicularis.
  AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES,  from aaxapifa,
' I leap.'  A  genus of intestinal worms, charac-
terized  by a long, cylindrical bodjT, extenuated
at the extremities ; and having a mouth furnished
with three tubercles, from which a very short
tube is sometimes seen issuing.  Formerly, there
were reckoned two varieties  of the Ascaris — the
Ae'caria lumbrico'i'des, Lumbrlcus, L. teres hom'-
inis, Scolex, As'caris gigaa hom'inis, (F.) Lombri-
co'ide, Ascaride lombrieo'ide,  Lombric,  L. Teres,
or long  round worm; and the As'caris Vermicu-
la'ris—the Ascaris proper—the thread worm or
maw worm.  The former is alone included under
the genus, at present—a new genus having been
formed  of the A. vcrmicularis, under the name
Oxyuris.  It  is the Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris, (F.)
Ascaride,  A. vermiculaire, Oxyure vermiculaire.
  A new species of entozoa  has been  found  by
Dr. Bellingham, the As'caris ala'ta.
  Ascaris Alata, see Ascaris — a.  Gigas ho-
minis, see Ascaris—a. Lumbricoidcs, see Ascaris
—a. Trichuria,  Trichocephalus—a. Vcrmicularis,
see Ascaris.
  AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens eru'ribus, from a,
privative,  and axcXos, 'a leg.'  One who has no legs.
  ASCELLA. Axilla.
  ASCEN'DEXS, from ascendere, (ad and scan-
dere,) 'to  ascend.'  (F.) Ascendant.  Parts are
thus called, which are supposed to arise in a  re-
gion lower than  that  where  they  terminate.
Thus, Aorta aacendena is the aorta  from its ori-
gin to the arch : Vena cava ascendens,  the large
vein which carries  the  blood from the inferior
parts to the heart: Obliquus ascendens (muscle,)
the lesser  oblique muscle of the abdomen, Ac.
  ASCEN'SUS MORBI. The period of increase
of a disease.
  ASCESIS,  Exercise.
  ASCHIL, Scilla.
  ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS,  Syndac'tylua:  from
a,  privative,  axuros,  'cleft;' and  laxrvXos,  'a
finger.'  A monster whose fingers are  not sepa-
rated from one  another.—Gurlt.
  AS'CIA, Axine, 'an axe/ Scepar'noa, Dol'abra,
Faa'cia apira'lia.  Name of a bandage mentioned
3 
ASCILLA
109
ASPEN
by Hippocrates and Galen, and figured by Scul-
tetus, in the shape of an axe or hatchet.—Galen.
Bee Doloire.
  ASCILLA, Axilla.
  ASCI'TES, from acxos, 'a bottle:' — Askltes,
llydrocc'le I'eritona'i, Jlj/dropa Abdonlinia, H.
Axcitcs, II'ydrmpis'ter, Ilipiroperitone'um, Hydro-
en'I ia, Ilydre'trum, Asclltes, Otelioch'ysis, Dropsy
of tlu: lower belly, Dropsy of the I'eritone'um, (F.)
Am-itc, Ilydro-j/eritonie, HydropisieduBas-ventrc.
A collection of serous fluid in the abdomen.  As-
cites proper is dropsy of the peritoneum ; and is
characterized by increased size of the abdomen,
by fluctuation and the general signs  of dropsy.
Il is  rarely  a primary disease;  but  is  always
dangerous, and  but little susceptible of  cure.
Most generally, it is  owing to obstructed circu-
lation in some of tho viscera,  or to excitement of
tho vessels of the abdominal organs.  The treat-
ment is essentially the same as that of other drop-
sies.  Paracentesis, when had recourse to, can
only be regarded as a palliative.
   Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates
exterior  to the  peritoneum,  Hydrepigas'trium.
When in cysts it is termed Hydrocys'tis, Hydrops
abdom'inis succa'tus,  II.  cya'ticua  and Ascites
aaccu'tus.
  Ascites Hepato-Cysticus, Turgescentia vesi-
culas fellciu—a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii—a. Puru-
lentus, Pyoccelia—a. Saccatus, see Ascites,  Hy-
droarion, and Hydrops ovarii.
  ASCLEPI'AD.E, Amlepladea; from AoxXnirios,
'.Esculapius.' The priest phyaiciana, who served
in the ancient temples of ^Esculapius, and  who
took their name from being his descendants.
  ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
  ASCLEPIAS   ALBA,  A.  vincetoxicum — a.
Apocynum, A. Syriaca.
  Ascle'pias Asthmat'ica, Cynan'chum Ipecacu-
an'ha, (F.) Ipecacuanha blanc de lHe  de France.
A creeping plant of the Isle of France, regarded
as a specific in asthma.
  Asclepias Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus.
  Asclepias  Curassav'ica,  Baatard Ipecacu-
anha,  Redhead,  Bloodweed.   The leaves  are
emetic in  the dose of one or two  scruples.  It
is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo.
  Asclepias Decu.m'bens; the root. Escharotic,
cathartic, sudorific, diuretic.
  Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata.
  Asclepias  Gigante'a.  The milky juice is
very  caustic.   It is  used in  Malabar against
herpes;  and, mixed  with  oil, in gout.   See
M uda,r.
  Ascle'pias Incarna'ta, Fleah-coloured ascle-
pias.   The root of this plant, which grows in all
parts of the United States, has the  same virtues
as A.  Syriaca.
  Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca.
  Asclepias  Proc"era(?) Beideloaaar;  Bei-
delear.  An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which
are made into a plaster, and  applied to indolent
tumours.  The milky juice is caustic, and is used
as such.
  Asclepias  Psuudosarsa,  Hemidesmus  In-
dicus—a. Pubeseens, A. Syriaca.
  Asclepias Syriaca, A. pubes'cens, A. apoc"y-
n:iiu, A. obovata seu  tomnito'sa,  Common Silk-
weed,  Milk Weed, (F.) Ihrbe d la houette.   The
cortical part of the root has been given, in pow-
der, in asthmatic and pulmonic affections  in ge-
neral, and, it is said, with  success.
  Ascle'pias Sullivan'tii,  Smooth  Jfilkirced,
Silkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues
as the next.
  Asclepias Tomentosa, A.  Syriaca.
  Ascle'pias Tubero'sa, Butterfly Weed, Pleu-
risy Root,  Flux Root, Wind Root,  White Root,
Orange Swallow Root, Silk Weed, Canada Root,
Orange Apoc"ynum, Tuberous  Rooted Swallow
 Wort.   Nat. Ord. Asclepiadeae.  Sex. Syst. Pen-
tandria Digynia.  Said to have been first recom-
mended by the Asclepiades.  In Virginia and the
Carolinas, the root  of this plant has been long
celebrated as a remedy in pneumonic affections.
It is sudorific, and the powder acts  as  a mild
purgative.  Its chief powers are said to be expec-
torant,  diaphoretic, and febrifuge.   It is occa-
sionally given  to relieve  pains of  the stomach
from flatulency and indigestion.
  Asclepias Vincetox'icum, A. Alba,  Cynan'-
chum Vincetox'icum, Vincetox'icum,  V. Officina'le,
Hirundina'ria, Apoc"ynum Nova> An'glia hirsn-
tum, &c,  Swallow- Wort,  White Swallow- Wort,
(F.) Asclepiade, Dompte-venin.
  The  root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and
emmenagogue, but is hardly ever used.
  ASCLEPIASMUS, Haemorrhois.
  ASCLITES, Ascites.
  ASCO'MA,  from  aaxos,  'a bottle.'  The emi-
nence  of the pubes at the period of puberty in
females.—Rufus of  Ephesus.
  ASE, Anxiety.
  ASELLI, Onisci aselli.
  ASELLUS, Oniscus.
  ASE'MA  CRISIS, xpiais annua, from a, priva-
tive, and anpa, 'a sign.'  A crisis occurring unex-
pectedly andwithout the ordinary precursory signs.
  ASEPTON, Asapes.
  ASH, BITTER,  Quassia —a. Blue, Fraxinus
quadrangulata—■ a.  Mountain,  Sorbus aeuparia
—a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava
Herculis — a.  Prickly,  shrubby, Xanthoxylum
fraxineum — a. Stinking,  Petela trifoliata — a.
Tree, Fraxinus  excelsior—a. White, Fraxinus
Americana.
  ASIT"IA, from a, privative,  and  euros, 'food/
Abstinence from food.  Want of appetite,—Fae-
tid'ium cibo'rum, Apoclei'aia.
  ASIUS  LAPIS, Assius Lapis.
  ASJAGAN, As'jogam.  An Indian tree, the
juice of whose leaves, mixed  with  powdered
cumin  seeds, is employed in India in colic.
  ASJOGAM, Asjagan.
  ASKELES, Asceles.
  ASKITES, Ascites.
  ASO'DES, Asso'des, from 00-17, 'disgust/ 'sati-
ety/   A fever accompanied  with  anxiety and
nausea; Fe'bris aso'des vel azo'des.
  ASPALASO'MUS, fromaa-naXa^, 'amole/and
o-oiua, ' body.'  A genus  of monsters in which
there is imperfect development of  the eyes.—
I. G. St. Hilaire. Also, a malformation, in which
the fissure  and eventration extend  chiefly upon
the lower part of the abdomen; the urinary ap-
paratus, genitals and rectum  opening externally
by three distinct orifices.—Vogel.
  ASPALTUM, Asphaltum.
  ASPARAG1XE, see Asparagus.
  ASPAR'AGUS, Aspar'agus of/icina'lis, Com-
mon Asparagus, Spar'agus, Spcr'agus, Sparrow
Grass,  Grass.  ATat. Ord. Asphodeleae.  Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia. Aspar'agi officinalis Tu-
rio'nes, (F.) Asperge.   The fresh roots are diu-
retic, perhaps owing  to the immediate  crystal-
lizable  principle, Asparagine.  The young shoots
are a well  known and  esteemed vegetable diet.
They communicate a peculiar  odour  to the urine.
A syrup made of the young shoots and an  extract
of the roots has been recommended as a sedative
in heart affections.
  ASPA'SIA.   A ball of wood soaked in an in-
fu.-ion of galls, and used by females for c.onstring-
ing the vagina.
  ASPEN',' AMERICAX, Populus  tremuloidei
—a. European, Populus treinula. 
ASTERA ARTERIA
110
ASPLENIUM
  ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea.
  ASPERGE, Asparagus.
  ASPERITAS  ARTERLE ASPERiE,  Rau-
cedo.
  ASPERITE DES PAUPIERES, Trachoma.
  ASPER'ITY, Asjter'itas, roughness.   Asperi-
ties are inequalities  on the surfaces of bones,
which  often serve for the insertion of fibrous
organs.
  ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus.
  ASPERMATIS'MUS, Asper'mia, Asperma'tia,
from a, privative, and aittppa,  ' sperm.'   Reflux
of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur-
ing the venereal orgasm.
  ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus.
  ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation.
  ASPER'SION, Asper'sio,' from aspergere (ad
and spargere,) 'to  sprinkle/ (F.)  Arrosement.
Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid  guttatim
over a wound, ulcer, &c.
  ASPERULA, Galium aparine.
  Asper'ula  Odora'ta, Gallium odora'tnm, Ma-
trisyl'va, Hepat'ica stella'ta, (F.) Asperule odo-
rante ou Muguet des bois, Hepatique etoilee. Fam.
Rubiacea;.   Sex.  Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia.
Sweet-scented  Wood-roof.   Said  to  be  diuretic,
deobstruent, tonic, and vulnerary.
  ASPERULE  OB OR ANTE,  Asperula odo-
rata.
  ASPHALTI'TES, Nephrites, Nephritis, Pri-
ma Vertebra lumba'ria, same  etymon as asphal-
tum.   A name given by some to the last lumbar
vertebra.—GoTraeus.
   ASPHAL'TUM, Nep'ta, Arsal'tos, Aaphal'tum,
from atnjiaXi&iv, ' to strengthen.' With the Greeks,
this word  signified any kind of bitumen.  It is
now restricted chiefly to the  Bitu'men of Ju-
D.e'A, B.Juda'icum, A. aol'idum, Jewa' Pitch, Ka-
rabe of Sodom, (F.) Aaphalte.  It is  solid, friable,
vitreous, black, shining, inflammable, and of a
 fetid smell.   An oil is obtained from it by distil-
 lation.  It enters into the composition of  certain
 ointments  and plasters.
   It is collected on the surface of the water of
 the Dead Sea or  Lake Asphaltites, in Judaea.
   ASPHARIXE, Galium aparine.
   ASPHOD'ELUS, A. Ramo'aua, A. Albua, A. Ma-
 ria, Has'tula Regie, (F.) Lie asphodelc.  The bulbs
 of this southern European plant have an acrimony
 which they lose  in boiling water.   They contain
 a fecula with which bread  has been made, and
 have  been considered diuretic.  They have been
 used as a  succedaneum for the squill.
    ASPHYXTA, from a, priv., and aipvhs,  'pulse/
 Befec'tusPulsus, Acrotis'mus, Sidera'tio, Sydera'-
 tio.   For  a long time, Asphyxia was confined to
 the sense of ' suspension of circulation or Syn-
 cope.'  It now generally  means suspended ani-
 mation, produced by the nonconversion of the
 venous blood of  the lungs into  arterial Ap-
 nce'a, Apneus'tia, Apnaasphyx'ia, Anhamato'-
 sia,  Ec'lysis pneumo-cardi'aca.    Owing to the
  supply of air being cut off, the unchanged venous
  blood of  the pulmonary  artery passes into the
  minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but their
  peculiar excitability  requiring  arterial blood to
  excite them, stagnation takes place in the pul-
  monary radicles, and death  occurs chiefly from
  this  cause, — not owing to venous blood being
  distributed  through the system, and 'poisoning'
  it, as was the idea  of Bichat.  Cams asphyx'ia,
  Mors appa'rens, Mors putati'va, Pseudothan'atos,
  Apparent death, (F.) Mart apparente,  is charac-
  terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere-
  bral  functions, &c.  Several varieties of Asphyxia
  have been designated.
    1.  Asphyx'ia of the New-Born, A. neonato'-
  rum.  This  is often dependent rpon  the feeble
condition of the infant, not permitting respiration
to be established.
  2. Asphy'ia by Noxious Inhala'tion or in-
halation of gases, some of which cause death by
producing  a  spasmodic closure of the glottis:
others by the want of  oxygen, and  others art)
positively deleterious or poisonous.
  3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion or Suffoca'-
tian;  produced by  mechanical impediment to
respiration, as in strangulation.
  4. Asphyx'ia by  Submer'sion, A. by drown-
ing, A. Immerso'rum,  as occurs in the drowned,
who perish in consequence  of the  medium in
which they are  plunged, being unfit for respira-
tion.  See Submersion.
   Mr. Chevalier has used the term Asphyx'ia
Idiopath'ica, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa-
tion of the heart.  See Suffocation.
   Asphyx'ia Immersorum, A. by submersion—
a. Local:—see Gangrene—a. Neonatorum,  A. of
the new-born — a. Pestilenta : — see Cholera—a.
Pestilential:—see Cholera.
   ASPHYXTAL. Relating to asphyxia—as 'as-
 phyxial phenomena.'
   ASPHYXIE BES PARTIES, Gangrene—
 a.  Lente dea nouveau-nea,  Induration  of the cel-
 lular tissue.
   ASPHYX'IED, Asphyxiated,  same etymon.
 In a state of asphyxia.
   ASPIC, Aspis; also, Lavendula.
   ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus.
   ASPID'IUM ATHAMAN'TICUM.  A  South
 African fern,  Nat. Ord.  Filices,  which is pos-
 sessed of anthelmintic properties.  Its caudex, in
 the form of powder, infusion, or electuary, has
 been  found  excellent in helminthiasis, and espe-
 cially in tapeworm.
    Aspidium Coriaceum,  Calagualae  radix—a.
 Depastum, Polypodium filix mas—a. Discolor, see
 Calagualae radix — a. Erosum, Polypodium filix
 mas—a. Filix foemina, Asplenium filix foemina—■
 a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualae radix — a, Filix
 mas, Polypodium filix mas.
    ASPIRATIO, Inspiration.
    ASPIRA'TION,  Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from
  aspirare (ad  and spirare) ' to  breathe.'   The
  French sometimes use the term synonymously
  with  inspiration.  It also means  the act of at-
  tracting  or sucking like a pump.  Imbibition.
  Also, the pronunciation of a  vowel with a full
  breath.
    ASPIS, aavis.  A name given by  the ancients
  to a venomous  serpent—the JEgyptian viper of
  LacSpede, (F.) Aspic.  Its bite is very dangerous,
  and it is supposed to have been the reptile which
  Cleopatra used for her destruction.
    ASPLE'NIUM, from  a, priv., and evXnv, 'the
  spleen.'   Spleenwort, Miltwaste.
    Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach.
    Asple'nium Cet'erach, A. au'reum  seu lati-
  fo'lium,  Gymnogram! me  ceterach,   Boradil'la,
  Blechnum squamo'sum, Scolopen'dria, Athyr'ion,
  Cet'erach officina'rum seu canaricn'sis, Gramml-
  tes cet'erach seu au'rea, Gynop'teris ceterach, Vit-
  ta'ria ceterach, (F.) Boradi/le.   Supposed to  be
  subastringent  and mucilaginous, and  has been
  recommended  as a pectoral. It has also been
  given in  calculous cases.
    Asple'nium Filix Fce'mina, Polype,'dium filix
  famina, P. molle seu denta'tum seu inci'sum seu
  trif'idum, Aspidium filix foemina, Alhyr' ium filix
  famina seu molle seu ova'turn seu trif'idum, Ptr-
  ria palua'tria, Female fern, Spleenuiort,  (F.) Fon-
  gire femclle.  The  root of this plant resembles
  that of the male fern, and is said to  possess simi-
  lar anthelmintic virtues.   The name female fern
  is also given to Pteris aquilina. 
                 ASPREDO

  Asplenium Latifolium, A. ceterach—a. Mu-
rale, A. rula—a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria.
  Asple'nium Ruta  Mura'ria,  A. mura'le seu
obtu'sum, Paronych'ia, Phyllltia  ruta mura'ria,
Seal open'drium  ruta  mura'ria,  Wallrue, White
Maidenhair,  Tentwort, Adian'tum album,  Ruta
mura'ria,  Salvia Vita, (F.) Rue des murailles,
Sauve-vie.  Used in the same cases as the last.
  Asple'nium  Scolopen'drium,  Scolopendrium
ofjficina'rum seu lingua seu phyllltis seu vulga'-
re,  Sco/oj,eu'dra, Scolopen'dria, Hart's Tongue,
Spleen irort, Phyllltis, Lingua cervi na Blechnum
lignifo'lium,  (F.) Scolopendre,  Langue de  cerf.
Properties  like the last.
  Asi-le'niim  Trichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'-
anes, Phyllltis rotundifo'lia, Calyphyllum, Tri-
chom'anes,  T. crena'ta, Adian'tum rubrum, Com-
mon  Maidenhair,  Polyt'richum commu'ne,  (F.)
Polytric.   Properties like the last.
  ASPREDO, Trachoma—a.  Miliacea, Miliary
fever.
  ASPRhLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
  ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis.
  ASS A BOUX,  Benjamin — a. Dulcis, Benja-
min—a. Odorata, Benjamin.
  ASSABA.  A Guinea shrub,  whose leaves are
considered  capable of dispersing buboes.
  ASSAFETIDA, Asafcetida.
  ASSAFfETIDA, Asafcetida.
  ASSAIERET.  A compound of bitter, stoma-
chic,  and purgative medicines in the form of pill.
—A vicenna.
  A SSA1SOXXEMEXT, Condiment.
  ASSAKUR, Saccharum.
  ASSALA, see Mvristica moschata.
  ASS ARTHROSIS,  Articulation.
  ASSA'TIO, Opte'sis  The boiling of food Or
medicines  in their own juice, without the  addi-
tion of any liquid.  Various kinds of cooking by
heat.—Galen.
  ASSELLA, Axilla.
  AS'SERAC,  Assis.  A  preparation of opium
or of some  narcotic, used by the Turks as an ex-
citant.
  ASSERCULUM, Splint.
  ASSER  VATIOX,  Conservation.
  ASSES'  MILK, see Milk, asses.
  Asses' MrLK:, Artificial, see Milk, asses.
  AS'SIDEXS,  from ad. 'to/  and sedere, 'to be
seated.'  That which accompanies or is concomi-
tant.   An epithet applied to the accessory symp-
toms, Aaaidcn'tia aigna, and general  phenomena
of disease.
  ASSIDEXTIA SIGXA, see Assidens.
  ASSIJIILA'TIOX, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio,
Appropria'tio, Exomoio'sis, Homoio'sis, Threpsis,
Threp'tice : from assimilare, (ad, and similare.)
' to  render  similar.'   The  act  by which living
bodies appropriate and transform into their own
substance matters with which they may be placed
in contact.
  ASSIS. Asserac.
  AS'SIUS LAPIS,  A'aius Lapis.  A sort of
stone or earth  found near the  town of Assa in
the  Troad, which had  the property of destroying
proud flesh.
  ASSODES, Asodes.
  ASSOI'PISSEMEXT, Somnolency.
  ASSOURON, see Myruis Pimenta,
  ASSUETUDO. Habit
  ASSULA. Splint.
  ASSULTPS. Attack.
  ASSl'MPTIO, Prehension.
  ASTACI FLUYIATIL1S CONCREMENTA,
Cancrorum  chelae.
  A STAC US  FLUVIATILIS,  Crab.
  ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus.
  ASTARZOF.  An  ointment,  composed of li-
1                 ASTHMA

tharge,  frog's spawn, Ac.  Also, camphor, dis-
solved in rose water.—Paracelsus.
  ASTASIA, Dysphoria.
  ASTER  ATTICUS, Bubonium.
  Aster Cordifolius,  Heart-leaved Aater, A.
Puniceus, Rough-atemmed Aater, and other indi-
genous  species, Order Composite,  possess aro-
matic properties.
  Aster Dysentericus, Inula dysenterica—a.
Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius—a. Helenium, Inula
Helenium — a.  Inguinalis, Eryngium  campestre
— a. Officinalis, Inula helenium.
  Aster, Rough-Stejimed,  A.  Puniceus — a.
Undulatus, Inula dysenterica.
  ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Aate'riua, Aatroi'tea, Aa'-
trios, Astrob'olua.  The  ancients attributed ima-
ginary virtues to this  stone,—that of  dispersing
Navi Materni, for example.
  ASTERIAS  LUTEA, Gentiana lutea.
  ASTEROCEPHALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa
succisa.
  ASTHEXES, Infirm.
  ASTHEXI'A,  Via  imminu'ta,  from a, priv.,
and oScvos, 'force/ 'strength.'  Want of strength,
debility.  (F.) Affaiblissement.   Infirmity.   A
word used in this sense by Galen, and employed,
especially by Brown, to  designate debility of the
whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces.
He distinguished it  into direct and indirect:  the
former proceeding  from diminution of stimuli;
the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the
abuse of stimuli.
  Asthenia Dec.lutitionis, Pharyngoplegia—a.
Pectoralis,  Angina Pectoris.  /
  ASTHENICOPYRA,  Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHENO'PIA, Bebil'itaa visits, (F.) Affai-
blissement  de  la  Vue,  from  a, priv.,  aOevos,
'strength/  and wtp,  'the eye.'  Weakness of
sight; Weak-sightedness.
  ASTHENOPYRA, Fever, adynamic, Typhus.
  ASTHEXOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHMA, from  aoBpa,  'laborious breathing;'
from aw, ' I respire.'  A. spas'ticum adulto'rum,
A. Senio'rum, A.  Convulai'vum, A. apaa'ticum in-
termit'tens, Bgspnce'a  et orthopnoe'a convulsi'va,
Malum Cadu'cum pulmo'nnm, Broken-windedness,
Nervous asthma, (F.) Asthme, A. nerveux.  Diffi-
culty of breathing, recurring at intervals, accom-
panied with a wheezing  sound and sense of con-
striction in the chest; cough and expectoration.
  Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable
with  facility.   Excitant and narcotic antispas-
modics are  required.
  There are no pathognomonic physical signs of
asthma.  In  some  cases, the respiration is  uni-
versally puerile during the attack.  In the spas-
modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble
or absent during the fit; and in all forms percus-
sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound.  The disease
generally consists in some source of irritation, and
occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pneu-
mogastric nerves, Bronchoparaly'sis,  Paraly'sia
nervi vagi  in parte thorac"ica, more  frequently
of the former — all the phenomena  indicating
constriction of the smaller  bronchial ramifica-
tions.  The treatment is one that relieves spas-
modic action—narcotics, counter-irritants, change
of air, <fec.
  Asthma  Acu'tum, of  Millar, A. apaa'ticum in-
fan'tum, Oynan'che  Trachea'lis spasmod'ica, (F.)
Asthme  aigu.  Probably, spasmodic  croup. (?)
See Asthma Thymicum.
  Asthma  Aerium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerinm
ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the
Lungs—a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris.
  Asthma, Cardiac.  Dyspnoea dependent upon
disease of the heart.
1 
ASTHMATIC
112
ASTYPHIA
  Asthma Convclsivum, .Ingina pectoris — a.
Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris—a. Dolori-
ficum, Angina pectoris — a.  Emphyseuiaticum,
Pneumothorax.
  Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot.  The ag-
gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the
inhalation  of  particles thrown  off  during the
operation of grinding  metallic instruments, &c.
The structural changes induced are enlargement
of the bronchial tubes, expansion of  the pulmo-
nary tissue, and phthisis.
  Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum—a. Hay,
Fever, hay.
  Asthma Hu'midum,  Humid, Common, or Spit-
ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied
with  expectoration.  It is also called  A.  humo-
ra'le,  A. flatulen'turn, A. pneumon'icum, Blenno-
tho'rax chron'icus, <tc.
  Asthma Infantum,  Cynanche  trachealis—a.
Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum—a. Kop-
pian,  A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum,
A. Thymicum—a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum
—a. Nervous,  Asthma,—a. Nocturnum,  Incubus.
  Asthma Pulverulen'tum, A.  gyp'seum,  A.
monta'num.   The  variety of  asthma  to  which
millers, bakers, grinders and others are subject.
  Asthma Siccum, so called when the paroxysm
is sudden, violent, and  of short duration;  cough
slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con-
striction.
  Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstans,
Angina pectoris — a.  Spasticum  Infantum,  A.
Thymicum.
  Asthma Thy'micum,  A. T. Kop'pii, A. spas'ti-
cum infan'tum, A. infan'tum  spasmo'dicum, Thy-
masth'ma,  Cynan'che  trachea'lis  spasmod'ica,
Spasmus glot'tidis,  Aathma  larynge'um infan'-
tum, A. intermit'tena  infan'tum, A. Bentien'tium,
A. period'icum acu'tum, Koppian Asthma, Thymic
Asthma, Laryngis'mus  strid'ulua,  Laryngo-spaa-
mus,  Apnce'a  infan'tum, Spasm of the larynx,
Spasm of the glottis, Croup-like inspiration of in-
fants, Child-crowing, Spasmodic croup, Pseudo-
croup, Spu'rious croup, Cer'ebral croup, Suffocat-
ing nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngite  striduleuse,
Faux Group, Pseudo-croup nerveux, Spasme de la
Glotte et du Thorax.  A disease of infants, cha-
racterized by suspension of respiration  at  inter-
vals ;  great difficulty of breathing, especially  on
waking, swallowing, or  crying; ending often in a
fit of  suffocation, with convulsions.   The patho-
logy of the disease has been supposed to consist
in  an enlargement of the thymus gland,  or  of
the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo-
gastric nerves. (?)  The ear, on auscultation, at a
distance from  the  chest,  detects  an incomplete,
acute, hissing  inspiration, or  rather cry; whilst
the expiration  and Voice are croupal,  both  at the
accession and termination of the paroxysm. The
heart's  action  has been observed to  be distinct
and feeble.
  These symptoms are often»accompanied  by  ri-
gidity of the  fingers and toes; the thumb  being
frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the
clenched hand, whence the name Carpo-pedal
apaam, applied, at times, to the disease.
  Asthma  Typicum.  Asthma characterized  by
periodicity.
  Asthma  Uteri,  Hysteria—a. Weed, Lobelia
inflata.
  ASTHMAT'IC,  Aathmat'icua,  Pnoocolyt'icus,
Affected with asthma.  Relating to asthma.
  ASTHME AIGU, Asthma acutum—a.  Ner-
veux,  Asthma.
  AS'TOMUS, from a, privative, and  o-roua,  'a
mouth.'  One  without  a mouth.   Pliny speaks
of a people in India without mouths,  who live
nnhelatu et odore !
  ASTRAGALE  COL B', Collum astragali.
  ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra-
galus exseapus.
  ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talua,  the Ankle, Qua'trio,
Quar'tio,  Quater'nio, Biab'cboa, Pe-a, Caric'ula,
Cavil'la,  Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os Ballist'a, from
aarpayaXos, 'a die,' which it has been considered
to resemble. (?)  A short bone situate at  the su-
perior and middle  part of the tarsus, where it  is
articulated with the tibia.  It is the ankle bone,
sling bone, or first  bone of the foot.   The anterior
surface  is convex,  and has a well-marked promi-
nence, supported by a kind of neck, and hence
has been called the head of the astragalus. The
astragalus is developed by two points of ossifica-
tion.
  Astrag'alus Exs'cAPUS, Astragalo'i'des sy-
philitica, Stemless Milk-vetch, (F.) Astragale d
gousses  velus.  A'at.  Ord.  Leguminos;e.  Sex.
Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The root is said to
have cured confirmed syphilis.
  Astrag'alus Tragacanthus, see Tragacanth.
  Astrag'alus Verus, Spina hirci, Astrag'alus
aculea'tus, Goat's  thorn, Milk-vetch.   The plant
which affords  Gum  Trag'acanth.   See  Traga-
canth a.
  ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria—a. Diapensia, Sa-
nicula.
  AS'TRAPE,  Corusca'tio, Fulgur,  Fvlmen,
Lightning.  Galen reckons it amongst the re-
mote causes of epilepsy.
  ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsia, Adstric'tio,
Oonstric'tio, from astrtngere, (ad and stringere,)
' to constringe.'  Action  of an astringent sub-
stance on  the animal economy.
  ASTRICTORIA, Astringents.
  ASTRINGENT ROOT,  Comptonia  aspleni-
folia.
  ASTRINGENTS, Astringen'tia, Adatricto'ria,
Adetringen'tia, Stryphna,  Catastal'tica, Constrin-
gen'tia,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica,  Syncrit'ica,
Astricto'ria.   Same  etymon.  Medicines  which
have  the  property of  constringing the organic
textures.  External astringents are called Styp-
tics.
  The following are the chief astringents: Aci-
dum  Sulphuricum, A. Tannicum,  Alumen, Ar-
genti Nitras, Catechu,  Creasoton,  Cupri Sul-
phas, Tinct. Ferri  Chloridi,  Liquor Ferri, Nitra-
tis, Ferri  Sulphas, Gallae, Haematoxylon, Kino,
Krameria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercns
Alba, Quercns Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas,
  ASTRION, Astragalus.
  ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma.
  ASTROBLES, from aarpov, 'a star/ and j}aXXw,
' I strike.' ' One struck by the stars (sidera'tus.)
One who is in a state of sideration — in  an apo-
plectic state.—Gorraeus.
  A S T R 0 B 0 LIS 'M U S, Heli'asis, Helio'sis ;
same etymology.  Sidera'tion or action of the
stars  on a person.  Apoplexy. — Theophrastus,
Gorraeus.
  ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma.
  ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma.
  ASTROL'OGY, Aatrolog"ia, from aarpov,  'a
star/ and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The art of divin-
ing by inspecting  the  stars.  This was formerly
considered to be a part of medicine; and was
called Judicial Aatrology, to distinguish it from
astronomy.
  ASTROX'OMY, Aatronom'ia, from aarpov, 'a
star/  and  vopos, 'a law/ 'rule.'  A science which
makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the
laws that govern them.  Hippocrates places this
and  astrology amongst the  necessary studies of
a physician.
  ASTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria.
  ASTYPHIA, Impotence. 
ASTYSIA                 113                  ATLAS
    ASTYSIA, Impotence.
    AS CAR, Myrobalanus Indica.
    ASCLCf,  Lapis lazuli.
    ASYXOOIA, Impotence.
    ATACTOS, Erratic.
    ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataractopoe'sia, from
 o, privative, rapaxros, 'troubled/ and itoiciv, 'to
 make.'  Intrepidity, firmness; a quality of which,
 according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to
 be possessed in the highest degree.
    ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and rapaftj,
 ' trouble/ ' emotion.'  Moral  tranquillity,  peace
 of mind.
    AT'AVISM, from atavus, 'an old grandsire or
 ancestor,  indefinitely.'  The  case in which an
 anomaly or disease, existing in a family, is lost
 in one generation and reappears in the following.
    ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and rafo, 'order.'
 Disorder, irregularity.  Hippocrates employs the
 word in its most extensive acceptation.  Galen
 applies  it,  especially, to irregularity of pulse;
 and  Sydenham  speaks of Ataxia Spirituum for
 disorder of the nervous  system.   Ataxia,  now,
 usually  means the state of disorder  that charac-
 terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition.
    Ataxia  Spirituum, Nervous diathesis.  See
 Ataxia.
    ATAX'IC. Atax'icus ; same etymon.  Having
 the characters of ataxia.
    ATCIIAR, A'chia, Achar.   A condiment  used
 in India.  It is formed of green fruits of various
 kinds,—garlic,  ginger,  mustard, and  pimento,
 pickled in vinegar.
   ATECNIA, Sterilitas.
   ATELECTASIS, from areXns, 'imperfect, de-
 fective/ and txraais, ' dilatation.'  Imperfect ex-
 pansion  or dilatation ; as in
   Atelectasis  Pulmo'num,  Pneumonatelec'ta-
 tis, Pneumatelec'tasis.  Imperfect expansion of
 the lungs  at birth, from artXr,s, 'imperfect,' and
 exraeif,  ' dilatation.'   Giving  rise  to Cyano'sis
 pulmona'lis.
   AT'ELES,  areXris,  'imperfect,  defective/—
 Hence,
   ATELOCIIEI'LIA, from areXns,  'imperfect,'
 and  y/<Aos,  'lip.'  A  malformation  which  con-
 sists  in an imperfect development of the lip.
   ATELOEXCEPHAL'IA, from areXns, 'imper-
 fect,' and cyxccpaXov, 'the  encephalon.'  State of
 imperfect development of the brain.—Andral.
   ATELOGLOS'SIA, from areXns,  'imperfect/
 and  yXwaaa,  'tongue.' A malformation which
 consists  in  an  imperfect  development of the
 tongue.
   ATELOGNA'THIA, from areXns,  .'imperfect/
 and yvaQos,  ' the jaw.' A malformation which
 consists in an imperfect development of the jaw.
   ATELOM\rELTA,  from areXns,  'imperfect/
 and pveXos,  ' marrow.  State of imperfect deve-
 lopment of the spinal marrow.—Beclard.
   ATELOPROSO'PIA, from areXns,  'imperfect/
 and 7rpoo-(i)-ov, ''the face.'  A malformation which
 consists in imperfect development of the face.
   ATELORACHIDIA, Hydrorachis.
   ATELOSTOM'IA, from areXns,  'imperfect/
 and tsropa, ' mouth.'  One  whose mouth is  im-
 perfectly developed.
   ATER SUCOUS, Atrabilis.
   ATHAMAN'TA, from Athamas,  a place in
 Thcssaly.  A genus of plants.
  Athamanta Annua, A. Cretensis.
  Athaman'ta  Aureoseli'num,  Oreoseli'num,
 0. legit'imum seu nigrum, Sellnurn oreoseli'num,
Pcuced'anum  oreoseli'num, Apium  monta'num,
 Black Mountain  Parsley, (F.) Persil de  Mon-
tague.  The plant, seed and roots, are aromatic.
It  has been considered attenuant, aperient, deob-
      8
 struent, and lithontripic.  The distilled oil  has
 been used in toothach.
   Athaman'ta Creten'sis seu Creti'ca, A. an'-
 nua, Libano'tis annua seu Creten'sis seu hirsu'ta,
 Baucus Creticus; B. Candia'nus, Myrrhis an'nua.
 Candy Oarrot.  The  seeds of this plant are acrid
 and aromatic.   They have been used as carmina-
 tives and diuretics.
   Athamanta  Macedonica,  Bubon Macedoni-
 cum—a. Meum, ..Ethusa meum.
   ATHANASIA, Tanacetum.
   Athana'sia, from a, privative, and  Savaros,
 'death/  An antidote for diseases of the  liver,
 jaundice,  gravel, &c.  It consisted  of saffron,
 cinnamon, lavender,  cassia, myrrh, juncus odo-!
 ratus, honey, &c, and was esteemed to be sudq-,
 rific.
   ATHARA, Athera.
   ATHELAS'MUS, from a, privative, and dvXr,,
 'a breast or nipple.'  Impracticability of giving
 suck; from want of nipple or otherwise.
   ATHELXIS, Sucking.
   ATHE'NA.   Name of a plaster, recommended
 by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide of copper,
 sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris,
 gall nuts, and  a variety of resinous and other in-
 gredients.—Oribasius, Ae'tius, and P. iEgineta.
   ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM.  A pill,
 composed  of myrrh,  pepper, castor, and opium;
 used to allay coughing.—Celsus.
   ATHE'RA,  Atha'ra,  from  aOnp, ' an ear  of
 corn.'  A kind of pap for children : also, a kind
 of liniment.—Dioscorides, Pliny.
   ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable.
   ATHERO'MA, from a$npa, 'pap or pulp/ En-
 phy'ma encys'tia athero'ma, Molina'cum, Puka'tio.
 A tumour formed by a cyst containing matter
 like pap or Bouillie.
   ATHEROMATOUS, Atheromato'dea.  Having
 the  nature of Atheroma.
   ATHLE'TA, from  a&Xos, 'comfeat.'  Athletaj
 were men  who exercised themselves in combat
 at the public festivals.—Vitruvius..
   ATHLET'IC, Athlet'icns; concerning AiMeta.
 Strong in muscular powers.—FoSsius.
   ATHORACOCEPHALUS.Acephalogaster.
   ATHRIX, At'richus; from  a, privative, and
 ePlZ> TPlX°s> 'na»'-'  Bald.  One who has lost his
 hair.
   Athrix Depilis, Alopecia.
   ATHYM'IA, An'iwi defee'tus si amxi'etas,
 An'imi demis'aio, Tristil'ia, Maror,. Lype, from
 a, priv., and  Svpas*  '■heart/  ' courage.'   Des-
 pondency.   The prostration of spirits  often ob-
 servable in thejsick.—Hippoerates.  Melancholy.
 —Swediaur.  See Panophobia.
   Athymia PLEONECTieA,.see Pleoaeetiea.
   ATHYRION, Asplenium ceterach.
   ATHYRIUM FILIX  FOEMINA, Asplenium
 filix  foemina—a. FiMimas, Polypodium filix mas
 —a.  Molle, Asplenium filix foemina—a. Ovatum,
 Asplenium  filix foemina—a. Trifidum, A ^pkniuni
 filix  foemina.
   ATLANTAL\ see AtlantaL
   ATLAX'TAL; same  etymon as  Atlas.  Re-
lating or appertaining to the atlas.
  Atlantal  Aspbgt.. An aspect towards the
region  where  tho atlas is situated. —Barclay.
Atlantad is used by the same writer to signify
' towards the atlantal aspect."
  Atlantal Extremities.  The upper Hubs.
  ATLANTION, Atlas.
  ATLAS,  Allttn'tion, from  arXaw,  'I sustain,
The  firat cervical rer'lebra;  so called, from its
supporting  the- whole weight  of the head, as
Atlas is said to.have supported the globe on his
shoulders..  Cnaassier calls it Atloid.  This ver 
ATLOIDO-AXOID
114
ATROPA
tebra in  no respect resembles the  others.   It is
a kind of irregular ring, into which, anteriorly,
the processus dentatus of the second vertebra is
received.   Posteriorly, it  gives  passage to the
medulla spinalis.
  ATLOID'O-AXOID,  (F.) Atloido-axdidien.
Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver-
tebra Dentata.
  Atloido-axoid Articulation.  The articula-
tion between the first  two cervical vertebrae.
  Atloido-Axoid Lig'aments.  These  are two
in number; one anterior and  another posterior,
passing between the two vertebrae.
  ATLOID'O-OCCIPTTAL.  Relating to the
atlas and occiput.  The Atloido-occip'ital  Arti-
cula'tion is formed by the condyles of the  occi-
pital bone and the  superior articular surfaces of
the  Atlas.   The Atloido-occipilal  muscle is the
Rectus capitis posticus minor.
  ATLOIBO-SOUS-MASTOIBIEN, Obliquus
superior oculi—a. Sous-occipitale, Rectus capitis
lateralis.
  ATMIATRI'A, Atmidial rice,  from aruos, 'va-
pour/ and  tarpeta, 'treatment/   Treatment of
jdiseases by fumigation.
  ATMIDIATRICE,  Atmiatria.
  ATMISTERIOX, Vaporarium.
  ATMOS, Breath.
  AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmospha'ra, from  aruos,
'vapour/ and aipaipa,  'a sphere:' — as  it  were,
Sphere of vapours.  The atmosphere is a  sphe-
rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every
part; the height of which is  estimated at  15 or
16  leagues.  It presses on the  surface of the
earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, sensible
effects on organized bodies.  The surface of the
human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it
is computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or
more exists under ordinary circumstances; and
this pressure cannot be increased  or diminished
materially, without modifying the circulation and
all  the functions.
  ATMOSPHERIZATION, Haematosis.
  ATOCIA, Sterilitis.
  ATGL'MIA, from a, priv.,  and roXpa, 'confi-
dence.'  Want  of  confidence;  discouragement.
A state of mind, unfavourable to health, and in-
jurious in  disease.  It is  the antithesis of Eu-
tol'mia.
  ATONIA, Atony—a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe-
n'ia.
  AT'OXY, Aton'ia, Infir'mitas  et Remis'sio vl-
rium, Languor, Lax'itas, from a, priv., and  rovos,
' tone/  * force.'   Want of tone.  Weakness of
every organ, and particularly of those  that are
contractile.  Violent gastritis has been described
by  Scribonius Largus under a similar  name,
Arovov, At'onon.
  ATRABIL'IARY,  Atrabilious., Atraiilia'ris,
Atrabilio'sus, from ater, 'black,' and bilis, •'bile.'
An epithet given by the ancients  to the melan-
 cholic and hypochondriac, because they believed
 the Atrabilis to predominate in such.
   Atrabiliary Capsules, Arteries and Veins.
 The renal  capsules, arteries and veins; the for-
 mation  of  Atrabilis  having been attributed  to
 them.
   ATRABI'LIS, same  etymon, Ater suocus,
 Black Bile or melancholy.  According to the an-
 cients, a thick, black, acrid humour, seereted, in
 the opinion of  some, by  the pancreas; in that
 of  others,  by the supra-renal capsules.  Hippo-
 crates,  Galen, Aetius, and others, ascribe  great
 influence to the Atrabilis  in the  production  of
 hypochondriasis, melancholy, and  mania.   There
 is really no such humour.  It was an imaginary
 nation.—Aretaeus, Rufus of Ephesus,  &c.
  ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv.,
rpaxoXos, 'neck/ and xcipaXn, 'head.'  A monster
whose neck is partially or wholly deficient.
  ATRACHE'LUS.  Same etymon.  One who is
very short-necked.—Galen.
  ATRAC 'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Car'duns
pi'neus,  Ixine,  Gummy-rooted Atractylis, Pine
Thistle.  The  root, when  wounded,  yields  a
milky, viscid juice, which concretes into tena-
cious masses, and is said to be chewed with the
same views as mastich.
  ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba.
  ATRAMEN'TUM, A. Suto'rium, Ink, Calean'-
thon, (F.) Encre. It has been advised  as an as-
tringent, and as an external application in her-'
petic affections.
  Atramentum  Sutorium,  Ferri sulphas.
  ATRESIA,  Adherence,  Imperforation.   See
Monster.
  Atre'siA Ani Adna'tA, Anus Imperfora'tus,
Imperfora'tio ani, (F.)  Imperforation de I'anus.
Congenital imperforation of the intestinal canal.
  ATRETISMUS, Imperforation.
  ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from  arpnros, 'imper-
forate/ and xeipaXn, 'head.'   A monster, in which
some of the natural apertures of  the  head are
wanting.—Gurlt.
  ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from  arpnros,  'imperfo-
rate/ and xoppos, 'trunk.'  A  monster  in  which
the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.—
Gurlt.
  ATRE'TUS, from a,  priv., and rpaw,  'I per-
forate.'  Imperfora'tus, Imper'forate.  One whose
anus, or parts  of  generation, are  imperforate,
(aproc'tus).
  AT'RICES.  Small tumours, which appear oc-
casionally around the anus.  Some commentators
consider the  word to be synonymous  with con-
dylomata.—Forestus.
  ATRICHIA, Alopecia.
  ATRICHUS,  Athrix.
  AT'RICI.  Small sinuses in the vicinity of the
anus, not penetrating the rectum.
  ATRIPLEX F03TIDA, Chenopodium vul-
varia.
  Atriplex  Horten'sis,  A. Sati'va, (F.)  Ar-
roche, Bonne Bame.  The herb and  seed of this
plant have been exhibited as antiscorbutics.
  At'riplex alimus, A.  PortulacoVdes, and  A.
Pat'ula, are used as pickles, and have  similar
properties.
  At'riplex Mexicana, Chenopodium  ambro-
sioides — a. Odorata, Chenopodium  botrys — a.
Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria.
  ATRIUM  CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus  dexter
cordis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis—
a. Vaginae, Vestibulum.
  AT'ROPA,  from  Arpoiroy,  'immutable/ 'the
goddess of destiny;'  so called from its fatal
effects.
  Atropa Belladon'na,  Belladon'na, B. bac-
cif'era seu trichot'oma, Beadly Nightshade, Sola'-
num letha'le, Sola'num mani'acum, S. Furio'sum,
Sola'num melanocer'asus, (F.) Belladone, Morelle
furieuse, Belle Bame.  Nat. Ord. Solaneae. Sex.
Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia.  The leaves—Bel-
ladonna (Ph. U. S.) are powerfully narcotic, and
also diaphoretic, and diuretic.  They  are occa-
sionally used  where  narcotics  are  indicated.
Sprinkling the  powdered leaves over  cancerous
sores has been  found to allay the pain; and  the
leaves form a good poultice.  Dose, gr. ^ to gr. j
of the powdered leaves.
  Atropa Mandrag'ora, Mandrag'ora, M. ver-
na'lia seu officina'lia seu acau'lia, Circa'a, Anthro-
pomorph'us, Malum terres'tre, Mandrake.  The 
ATROPHIA
115
AUDITORY
boiled root has been used in the form of poultice
in indolent swellings.
  ATROPHIA,  Atrophy, Tabes —a. Ablactato-
rum, Brash, weaning—a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia
—a.. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the—a. Glandula-
ris, Tabes  mesenterica— a.  Hepatis, Hepatatro-
phia — a. Infantum, P;edatrophia, Tabes mesen-
terica— a. Intcstinorum, Enteratrophia.
  Atrophia Lactan'tium,  Tabes nutri'cum seu
'■ac'tca.  The atrophy of nursing  women.
   Atrophia Lienis,  Splenatrophia — a. Mesen-
* erica, Tabes mesenterica.—a. Testiculi,  Orchida-
trophia.
   A TR OP HIE, Atrophy—a. J/e6c/i(cri2ue,Tabes
mesenterica.
   ATROPHIED,  see Atrophy.
   AT'ROPHY, Marasmus Atro'phia, Atro'pliia
Maras'mus, Ma'cies, Contabescen'tia, Tabes, Mar-
co'res, Analo'sis,  from  a,  privative, and rpoipn,
'nourishment.' (F'.)Atrophie,Bessechement.  Pro-
gressive and  morbid  diminution in the, bulk of
the whole body or of a part.  Atrophy is gene-
rally symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or organ  thus
affected is said to  be atrophied.
   Atrophy of  the Heart, see Heart, atrophy
 of the.
   AT'ROPINE,  Atroplna, Atro'pia, Atro'pium,
 Atrupi'num, (F.) Atropine.   The active principle
 of Atropa Belladonna, separated  by Brandes,  by
a process similar to that for procuring morphia.
   ATT A CHE, I n s ertion.
   ATTACK, Instil tus, Assul'tus,  Irrep'tio, Inva'-
sio, Eis'bole, Lepsia,  (F.)  Attaque.   A sudden
attack, invasion or onset of a disease. A seizure.
   ATTAGAS, Attagen.
   AT'TAGEN,  At'tagas, the Fran'colin.  Cele-
brated with the ancients both as food and medi-
 cine.—Martial, Aristophanes.
   ATTANCOURT, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
 A  mineral water   in  France, at  Attancourt,  in
 Champagne ; about three leagues north of Join-
 ville.  The water is  a chalybeate, and contains
 sulphate of lime.   In large doses it is purgative.
   ATTAQUE, Attack —a. dea  Nerfa, Nervous
 attack.
   ATTELLE, Splint.
   ATTENOTING, MINERAL  WATERS OF,
 in Bavaria.  The water contains carbonic  acid,
 carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime
 and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron, and alum.
 It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old  ul-
 cers, calculi, and  hemorrhoids.
   ATTEN'UAXTS,  Attenuan'tia,  Leptun'tica,
 (F.) Lcptontiques, from tenuis, 'thin.'  Medicines
 which augment the fluidity of the humours.
   ATTEXUA'TION, Attenua'tio; same etymon.
 Thinness, emaciation.  A term used by the ho-
 mceopathists in the sense of dilution or division
 of remedies into infinitesimal doses.
   ATT IRAN T, Attrahent.
   AT'TITUDE,   Situs Cor'poris.   Low Latin,
 aptitudo; from Latin aptare, 'to fit.'  Situation,
 position of the body.  The attitudes are the dif-
 ferent postures which man  is capable  of assum-
 ing.  In  General Pathology, the attitude will
 often enable the  physician to pronounce at once
 upon the character of a disease, or it will aid him
 materially in his judgment.  In St. Yitus's dance,
 in fractures, luxations, Ac, it is the great index.
 It will also indicate  the  degree of nervous or
 cerebral power;  hence the sinking down in bed
 is an evidence of  great cerebral debility in fever.
 The position of a patient during an operation is
 also  an interesting subject of attention to the
 surgeon.
   ATTOL'LEXS  AUREM, Attol'lens Auric'ula,
 Leva'tor Auris, Supe'rior Auris, Attol'lens Au-
 ric'ulam, Auricula'ris supe'rior,  (F.) Auriculaire
 tupirieur,  Temporo-auriculaire.  A  muscle  of
the ear, which arises, thin, broad, and tendincns,
from the tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and ia
inserted  into the upper part of the ear, opposite
to the anti-helix.  It raises the ear.
  Attollens  Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — a.
Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
  A TTO UCHEMENT, Masturbation.
  ATTRACTION OF  AGGREGATION, Cohe-
sion, force of.
  ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet.
  ATTRACTIYl S, Attrahent.
  ATTRACTORIUS, Attrahent.
  ATTRA1IEXS AURICULAM. Anterior auris.
  AT'TRAIIEXT, At'trahens,  Attractlvus, At-
Iracto'rius, from ad, ' to/  and  traho,  ' I draw.'
(F.) Attractif, Attirant.   Remedies are so called,
which attract fluids to the parts to which they
are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, &c.
   ATTRAPE-LOURBAUT,  (F.) A  bistoury
invented by a French surgeon,  called Biennaise,
and used in the operation for hernia.  See  Bis-
touri cache.
   ATTRITA, Chafing.
   ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafing.
   ATTRIT'TON,  Attril'io, Ecthlim'ma,  from
ad, and  terere, ' to bruise.'   Friction or bruising.
Chafing. — Galen.  Also, a kind of cardialgia. —
Sennertus.  Likewise, a violent contusion.
   ATTRITUS, Chafing.
   ATYTP'IC, Atyp'icus,  At'ypos, from a, priva-
tive, and tvttos,  ' type.'  That which has no type.
Irregular.   Chiefly applied to an irregular inter-
mittent,—Febris atypica.
   ATYPOS, Erratic.
   AUAXSIS, Drying.
   AUAN'TE, Anap'se,  from avavcis, 'desicca-
tion.'  Hippocrates gave this name to a disease,
the principal symptom of which was emaciation.
Atrophy.
   A UBE- VIGNE, Clematis vitalba.
   AUBEPINE, Mcspilus oxyacantha.
   AUBERGINE, Solanum Melongena.
   AUBIFOIN, Cyanus  segetum.
   AUCHEN, Collum.
   AUCHEXORRHEUMA, Torticollis.
   AUCIIE'TICUS, from avXnv, 'the neck.'  One
affected with stiff neck or torticollis.
   AUDE, Voice.
   AUDIXAC, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Au-
dinac is situate in  the  department of  Arriege,
France.  The  water  contains  a small quantity
of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of
lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and  iron,
and a bituminous substance.  Temp.  67° Fahr.
It is much  used in chronic rheumatism, herpes,
scrofulous diseases, &c.
   AUDIT" ION,  from  audi re,  'to  hear;'
Audit"io, Audltus, A'coe,  Aero'uma,  Acro'asis,
Acoe'sis, Acu'sis.  Hearing.  The act of hearing,
 The sensation arising from an impression mado
on the auditory nerves  by the vibrations of the
air, produced by a sonorous body.  The physi-
ology of Audition is obscure.  It probably takes
place :—1. By the vibrations being communicated
from the membrana tympani along the chain of
small bones  to the membrane of the  foramen
ovale.   2. By means  of  the  air in the cavity of
the tympanum, the membrane of the  foramen
rotundum is agitated.  3. The  transmission may
be made by  means of  the  bony parietes.  In
these  three ways the vibrations produced  by a
sonorous body may  reach tho auditivy nerve.
 Audition may be active or passive: hence the
 difference between listening and simply kearina
   AU'DITORY, Audito'rius, Auditi'vus, Acus'-
ticus.   That which relates to audition.
   Auditory Arteries  and Veins,  are vessels
which  enter the  auditory canals, and are, like 
AUGE
116
AURICULAR
them, distinguished  into internal and external.
The  external auditory artery, A. Tympanique —
(Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of the
external carotid : the internal is a branch of the
basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory
nerve, and is distributed to it.  The Auditory
 Veins empty into the internal and external ju-
gulars.
  Auditory Canal, External, Mea'tus audito'-
rins exter'nus, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Scaphus, (F.)
 Conduit auditif externe,  Conduit  auriculaire,
commences  at the bottom  of the* concha, at the
Fora'inen auditi'vum exter'num, passes inwards,
forwards, and a  little downwards, and terminates
at the membrana tympani.   It is partly cartilagi-
nous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous.
  Auditory Canal. Internal, Mea'tus audito'-
riua inter'nua, Porua seu Sinua acua'ticus,  Cyar,
 (F.) Conduit auditif interne, C. labyrinthique, is
 situate in the posterior surface of  the pars  pe-
 trosa of the temporal bone.  From the Fora'men
 auditi'vum  inter'num, where  it  commences, it
 passes  forwards  and outwards, and  terminates
 by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula cribro'sa, perfo-
 rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice
 of the Aquaeductus Fallopii; and the others com-
 municate with the labyrinth.
  Auditory Nerve, Arerf labyrinthique—(Ch.)
 is the  Portio  Mollis of the  seventh pair.   It
 arises from the  corpus restiforme, from the floor
 of the  fourth ventricle, and by means of white
 strise, from  the  sides of the calamus  scriptorius.
 As it leaves the  encephalon, it forms a flattened
 cord, and proceeds with the facial nerve through
 the  foramen auditivum internum, and as far as
 the  bottom of the meatus, where it separates from
 the  facial, and  divides into two  branches,  one
 going to the cochlea, the cochlear ; the  other to
 the  vestibule and semi-circular canals, the vesti-
 bular.  _
   AUGE, AI'veus. Some of the older anatomists
 gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids
 flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter-
 nately full and empty.  Such are the ventricles
 and auricles of the heart.
   AUG MENTA'TION, from augere,' to increase;'
 Augmen'tum,  Incremen'tum, Anab'asis,  Auc'tio,
 Auxis, Progres'sio,  Progrcs'sus, Anxe'sia.  The
 stage of a disease in which the symptoms  go on
 increasing.
   AULISCUS,  Canula.  See Fistula.
   AULOS,  Canula,  Fistula.   See  Vagina, and
 Foramen.
   AUMALE, MINERAL  WATERS OF.  Au-
 male is a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun-
 try  of Caux.   Several  springs of  ferruginous
 mineral waters  are  found  there, whose odour  is
 penetrating, and taste  rough and  astringent.
 They are tonic, and employed in debility of the
 viscera, Ac.
   A UN>; NOIRE,  Rhamnus frangula.
   AUNEE, Inula  helenium — a.  Bysenterique,
 Inula dysenterica.
   AURA, Pnoe.  A vapour or emanation from
 any body,  surrounding  it like an atmosphere.
 Van Helmont  regarded  the vital principle as a
 gas  and volatile spirit, which he called Aura
 vitalis.
   In Pathology, Aura means  the  sensation of a
 light vapour, which, in some diseases,  appears
 to set  out from the trunk or limbs; and to rise
 towards  the head.   This feeling has been found
 to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and
 hence  it has been  called  Aura Epilep'tica, and
 A. hyster'ica.
   Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood
 newly drawn.   See  Gaz Sanguinis.
   A'.'RA Sem'inis, A. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni-
talia:—A volatile principle fancied to  exist in
the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun •
dating  agent.  Such is not the case.
  Aura Yitalis, Vital principle.
  AURAL   MEDICINE  AND   SURGERY.
Otiatria.
  AURANCUM, see Ovum.
  AURANITE, see Agaric.
  AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA, Curaaao'a
apples  or oranges.  Immature oranges, checked,
by accident, in their growth.  They are a grate-
ful, aromatic bitter,  devoid  of acidity.  Int'u.'-cd
in wine or brandy they make a good stomachic.
They are also used for iaaue peaa.
  Aurantia Curassavica,  see Citrus aurantium
— a. Poma, see Citrus aurantium.
  Aurantii Cortex,  see Citrus aurantium.
  AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium.
  AURELIANA'CANADENSIS,  Panax quin-
quefolium.
  AUREOLA, Areola.
  AURI  CHLORETUM   CUM   CIILORETO
NATRII, see Gold—a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate
of—a.  Chloretum, Gold, muriate of—a. Cyaniduni,
see Gold—a. Cyanuretum, see Gold—a. Iodidum,
see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri
chloruretum, see Gold—a. Murias,-Gold, muriate
of—a. Nitro-murias, see Gold — a. Oxidum, see
Gold—a. Terchloridum, see Gold—a. Tercyaui-
dum, see Gold — a. Teroxidum,  see Gold.
   AURICHALCUM, Brass.
   AURICLE, Anric'ula, (F.) Auricule, Oricule.
Diminutive of auria,  an ear.  The auricle of the
ear.  See Pavilion.
   Auricles of the Heart, Cavita'tes inuowi-
na'ta,  (F.)  Oreillettee,  are two  cavities;   one
right,  the other left, each  communicating  with
the ventricle of its side.  These two cavities re-
ceive  the blood from every part  of the body.
Into the  right  auricle, the two venaj cavse  and
coronary vein open : into the left,  the four pul-
monary veins.  Chaussier calls  the  former the
Sinua  of  the  Vena Cava:—the  latter, the Sinus
of the Pulmonary Veins.   The foliated or dog's
ear portion of each  auricle is called Appen'dix
auric'ula.   See Sinus.
   Auricula  Jud^e,  Peziza auricula—a.  Muris,
Hieracium Pilosella—a. Muris major, Ilieracmm
murorum.
   AURICULAIRE, see  Digitus—a. Posterieur,
Retrahens auris—a. Superieur, Attollens aurem.
   AURICULAR, Auricula'ria,  Oric'ular,  from
auricula,  ' the ear.'   That which belongs  to the
ear, especially to the external ear.
   Auric'ular  Ar'teries  and  Veins,  Oricu-
laires—(Ch.), are divided into  anterior and pos-
terior.  The  anterior are of indeterminate num-
ber.   They arise from the  temporal artery, and
are distributed to the meatus auditorius  externus,
and to the pavilion  of the car.   The posterior
auricular is given off by the external carotid,
from which it separates in the  substance of the
parotid gland.  When it reaches the inferior part
of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates;  one of its
branches  being distributed to the inner  surface
 of the pavilion, the other passing over the  mas-
toid process, and being distributed to the  tempo-
ral and posterior auris muscles, &c.  Before its
bifurcation it gives off the stylo-mastoid  artery.
 The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open
 into the temporal and external jugular.
   Auricular Finger, (F.) Boigt auriculaire, is
 the little finger, so  called because, owing to its
 size, it can be more  readily introduced into tho
 meatus auditorius.
   Auricular Nerves are several.  ]. The au-
 ricular branch, Zygomato-auricular,  is  one  of
 the ascending branches of the cervical  plexus. 
AURICULARIA SAMBUCI         117              AUTOPHONIA
 It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of
 the pavilion.   2.  The auricular or auperficial
 temporal,  Temporal-cutaneous—(Ch.) is given off
 from the inferior maxillary.  It ascends between
 the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius
 externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus
 and pavilion, and divides into two  twigs, which
 accompany the branches of the temporal artery,
 and  are distributed to the  integuments of the
 head.  There  is also a posterior auricular  fur-
 nished by the  facial.
   AURICULARIA SAMBUCI, Peziza auricula.
   AURICULARLS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris
 —a.  Superior,  Attollens aureru.
   AURICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
   AURIC'UL0-VEXTRIC'ULAR,A«rtc'tt7o-
 ventricula'ris.   That which belongs  to  the auri-
 cles and ventricles of the heart.  The communi-
 cations  between the auricles and ventricles are
 so called.   The Tricuspid and Mitral Valves are
 auriculo-ventricular valves.
   AURI'GA.   A species of bandage for the ribs,
 described by Galen.  See, also, Liver.
   AURIGO,  Icterus — a. Xeophytorum, Icterus
 Infantum.
   AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment—a. Rubrum,
 Realgar.
   AC HIS, Ear.
   AURISCALPIUM, Earpick.
   AURTSCOP'IUM, Au'riscope, from auris, 'the
 ear/ and  axotrew,  'I view.'  An instrument for
 exploring tie car.
   AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'true, Ear-doctor, Ear-
 surgeon; from aurie, 'the ear.'  One who occu-
 pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the ear
 and their treatment.
   AURIUM FLUCTUATIO,  Bombus—a. Mar-
 niorata,  Cerumen—a. Sibilus, Bombus—a. Soni-
 tus, Bombus—a. Sordes, Cerumen—a. Susurrus,
 Bombus.
   AUROXE, Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  dea
 Champs, Artemisia campestris — a. des Jardins,
 Artemisia abrotanum—a. Male, Artemisia abro-
 tanum.
   AURUGO, Icterus.
   A U R U M,  Gold—a. Chloratum, Gold, mu-
 riate of—a. Chloratum natronatum, see  Gold—a.
 Foliatum, Gold leaf—a. in Libellis, Gold leaf—a.
 Leprosuin, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold
 — a. Muriaticum, see Gold—a. Muriaticum  na-
 tronatum, see Gold.
   Aurum Musi'vum, Aurum Mosa'icnm, Sulph'-
 uret of  Tin, Beutosulphuret  or Persulphuret of
 tin.   (Quicksilver,  tin,  sulphur,  sal ammoniac,
 iia, equal parts.  The tin being first melted, the
 quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole
 are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead.
 The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.)  It is
 used in some empirical preparations.
   Aurum  Oxydatum, see Gold—a. Oxydulatum
 muriaticum, Gold, muriate of—a. Nitro-muriati-
 cum,  see Gold—a. SalituuuJSftLa-TO auecult' is
   AUS'CUJffawJltfixThe same signification.
 *"AUSCULTA'TION, Ausculta'tio,  Eehos'cope,
act of listening.  Buisson has  used it  synony-
mously with listening.  Laennec introduced aus-
cultation to appreciate the different sounds which
can be heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis
of diseases of the heart,  lungs, &c.   This may
be done by the  aid of an instrument  called a ste-
thoscope, one extremity of which is applied to the
car, the other to the chest of the patient.  This
mode  of examination is  called Mediate Ausculta-
tion, (F.) Auscultation mediate,—the application
of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculta-
tion.
   The act of exploring the chest is called Stetho-
 acop'ia,  and Thoracoacop'ia;  of the abdomen,
 Abdominoacop'ia.
   AUSCUL'TATORY, Auecultato'rius ; Auscnl-
 tory, Auscultic, (with some.)  Belonging or hav-
 ing relation to  auscultation.
   Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophonia.
   AUSTERE', Auste'rus.  Substances which pro-
 duce a high degree of acerb impression on the
 organs of taste.
   AUSTRUCHE, Imperatoria.
   AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial,
 Pleurodynia—a. Pruriginosa,  Itching—a.  Ver-
 tigo, Vertigo.
   AUTARCI'A, from avros, 'himself/ and apxew,
 'I am satisfied.'   Moral tranquillity.—Galen.
   AUTEMES'IA,  from avros,  ' self/  and tpects,
 'vomiting.'  Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting.
 —Alibert.
   AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human.
   AUTHE'MEROX.  A medicine which  cures
 on the day  of its  exhibition; from  avros,  ' the
 same/ and 'nptpa,' 'day.'
   AUTHYGIANSIS, Vis medicatrix natura>.
   AUTOCHIR, Autochi'rus, Sulci'da, from avros,
 'himself/ and  %ap, 'hand.'  One who has com-
 mitted suicide.  A self-murderer  or suicide.
   AUTOCHIRTA, Suicide.
   AUTOCINE'SIS,  Motus  volunta'rius,  from
 avros, 'self/ and xtvnats,  'motion.'  Voluntary
 motion.
   AUTOC'RASY,  Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria,
 from avros, 'himself/ and xparos, 'strength.'   In-
 dependent force.  Action of the  vital principle,
 or of the instinctive powers towards  the preser-
 vation of the individual.  See Vis  Medicatrix Na-
 turae.  Also, the vital principle.
   AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis  Medicatrix
 naturas.
   AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy—a. Physiatrice,
 Vis medicatrix naturae.
   AUTOCTONIA, Suicide.
   AUTOG"ENOUS;  from avros, 'self/ and ytv-
 vaw, ' I generate.'   A term applied by Mr. Owen
 to parts  or elements that are usually developed
 from distinct and independent centres; as in the
 case of the different parts or elements  that form
 a vertebra.
   AUTOGONIA, Generation, equivocal.
   AUTOLITHOT'OMUS,  from avros, 'himself/
 XiSos, ' a stone/ and repveiv, ' to cut.'   One  who
 operates  upon himself for the stone.
   AUTOMAT'IC, Automat'icus, Autom'atue, from
 avroparos, 'spontaneous.'  That which acts of itself.
 Those movements are called automatic, which the
 patient executes without any object;  apparently
 without volition being exercised:—involuntary
 motions,  motua  automat'ici  seu autom'ati seu  in-
 voluvta'rii.
   AUTOMXAL, Autumnal—-j- -..nrp-royTTrTTy tire
..AiWSncTGernians for  the peculiar mechanism
of an organized body.   Thus, although individu-
als of the same species may differ in outward con-
formation, their mechanism or  instinctive laws,
(Autonomia.) may be the same.
  AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
  AUTOPEP'SIA. from  avros, 'self/ and -kc-htw,
' I concoct.'  Self-digestion,—as of the stomach
after death.
  AUTOPHIA, Autopsia.
  AUTOPHO'NIA, (F.)  Retentiaaement atttopho-
niquc, from avros, 'self/  and tpiovn, 'voice.'   An
auscultatory sign pointed out by M. Hourmann,
which consists in noting the character of the ob-
server's own voice, while  he speaks with his head
placed close to the patient's chest.  The voice, i* 
AUTOPHOSPHORUS           118             AVICULA CIPRIA
is  alleged, will be  modified by the condition of
the subjacent organs.  The resonance, thus heard,
ho terms relcntissemcnt  autophonique.   This di-
agnostic agency Dr. 11. G. Latham proposes to
term heauiophon'ics.
  Autophonia, Suicide.
  AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus.
  AUTOPLASTIC, Autoplaa'ticua; from avros,
'self/  and irXaanxos, 'formative.'  Relating to
autoplasty or plastic surgery.
  AUTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice.
  AUTOPLASTY,  Morioplastice.
  AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy ; from  avros, 'himself/
and oi|u, 'vision.'   Autoph'ia, Autoscop'ia.  In-
spection ; examination by one's self; self-inspec-
tion.   Often improperly used for the following :
  Autop'sia Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopsie ou Ou-
verture cadaverique.  Attentive examination after
death,—Examination post mortem, Sectio Oadav'-
eris, Bissection,  Nec'roscopy, Nec'ropsy, Necro-
acop'ia, A'ecrop'sia, Necrop'sis, — practised  for
the purpose of investigating the  causes and seat
of an affection  of which a  person may  have
died,  &c.
  Autop'sia Cadaver'ica Lega'lis, Sec'tio  ca-
dav'erie legalie, Obduc'tio, is the  examination
after death for medico-legal purposes.
  AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos.
  AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia.
  AU'TOSITE,  from  avros,  'self/ and  airos,
' nourishment.'  A single monster,  capable of
deriving nourishment from its  own proper  or-
gans, in contradistinction to Omphaloaite.
  AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix naturae.
   AUTUMN, Autum'nua, Phthiropo'ron, (F.) Au-
tomne.  One of the seasons of the year, between
the 28d of  September and the 21st of December.
In all  climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to
disease; a combination  of local and atmospheric
causes being then  present, favourable to its pro-
duction.
   AUTUM'NAL; Auiumna'lis,  (F.)  Automnal.
Relating to Autumn; as Autumnal Fruits, Au-
tumnal Fevers, &0.
   Autumnal  Fever, generally assumes a bilious
aspect.  Those of the intermittent kind are much
more  obstinate  than when they appear in  the
spring.
   AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase.
   AUXIL'IARY,   Auxilia'ris,  from   auxiliurn,
'aid.'   (F.) Auxiliaire.   That which assists, or
from  which assistance is obtained.
   Auxiliary Medicine is one which assists  the
principal  medicine or basis.   It is synonymous
with  Adjuvant.
   Auxiliary Muscles are those which concur
in the same movement.   Some anatomists have
applied the term to several ligaments, as well as
to  the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sacro-
 spinaHs muscle.
   AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament.
 drink, inane  oy vm*nii*£p vlvoxe^se.
 It is  much used bv the Polynesians.
   AVAILLES, WATERS OF.  A small village
 m France, 13 leagues S. S.  E. of Poitiers, at
 which there is a cold saline chalybeate.  It con-
 tains  chlorides of sodium and calcium, sulphate
 and subcarbonate of soda, iron  <fcc
   AVAXT-BOUCHE,  (F.) Os anti'cum.   This
 name has been applied  by some to  the mouth,
 properly so called—in contradistinction to the
 Arriere bouche or Pharynx.
   A VAXT-BRAS, Fore-arm.
   AVAXT-OtEUR, Scrobiculus cordis
   AV ANT-GOUT, (F.) Prayuata'tio; a fore-
 taste; proegustation.
  AVAXT-MAIN,  (F.) Adver'aa Manus.  The
inside of the hand, when extended.
  AVAXT-PIED,  (F.)   The most advanced
part of the foot.
  AVAXT-POIGXET, (F.)   The anterior part
of the wrist.
  A VELINE, Corylus avellana (nut).
  AYELLANA, Corylus avellana—a. Cathartics,
Jatropha curcas.
  AVE'NA, Oats, Bromos.  The seeds of Ave'na
satlva.   Nat. Ord. Gramineoe.  Sex. Syat. Tri-
andria Digynia.   (F.) Avoine.  Oats are used as
food for man, in some parts, particularly in the
North of England and Scotland.  When deprived
of  the  husks they  form Groata.  Reduced to
meal, — Avena Farina, Oatmeal — they are ap-
plied as cataplasms to promote suppuration. The
dry meal is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts.
  Oatmeal gruel, Water gruel, is prepared as fol-
lows:— Take of oatmeal ^ij; soft  water Oiss.
Rub the meal in  a basin, with the back of a spoon,
in a moderate quantity of the water,  pouring off
the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided,
but whilst the milkiness continues;  and repeat
the operation until no more milkiness is commu-
nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan,
after having stirred them well, in order to sus-
pend any fecula, which may have subsided;  and
boil until a soft,  thick, mucilage is formed.
  It is a good demulcent, and is  used  also as a
vehicle for clysters.
  Avena Excorticata, Groats.
  AVEN.E FARINA, see Avena.
  AVENHEIM,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg: near
it is an aperient mineral water.
  AVENNES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Avennes is a village in  the  department of He-
rault in France: near it is  a saline spring, the
temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit.
  AVENS, COMMON,  Geum urbanum —a.
Water,  Geum rivale — a. White, Geum Virgini-
anum.
  AVERICH, Sulphur.
  AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, Bilim'bi, Bilimbing
terea.  An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is
too  acid to be eaten alone.   It is used as a con-
diment, and in  the form of  syrup as a refrige-
rant.
  AvERRno'A Caram'bola,  called  after Aver-
rhoes;  Malum Coen'se, Prunum stella'tum, Tum'-
ara, Conga, Caram'bolo.  An Indian tree, whose
fruits are agreeably acid.  The bark, bruised, is
employed as a cataplasm, and its  fruit is used  as
a refrigerant in  bilious fever  and  dysentery.
  AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Apot'rope; from arer-
tere, (a and vertere) 'to turn from.'   Extreme
repugnance for any thing whatever.
  AVERSION, (F.)also means, in therapeutics,
the action of medicines which turn the afflux  of
fluids from one  organ, and direct  them to others;
being  synonymous  with counter-irritation,  or
•ytihez,revulsion or derivation.
 tient obstinate"anrfinrioA^disease of the mind,
   AVEUGLE,  Crecus.             ' - +*«  va,.
   AVEUGLEMENT, Caacitas — a. de Jour,
 Nyctalopia—a.  de Nuit, Hemeralopia.
   AVICEN'XIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africlna
 seu resinif'era  seu nit'ida,  Bon'tia ger'minana,
 called  after Avicenna.   The  plant which affords
 the Malac'ca Bean or Anacar'dium  Oricutu'le of
 the Pharmacopoeias, Semecar'pas Anacar'dium.
 Tho oil drawr. from the bark of the fruit is a cor-
 rcw/', -.n*1. a"liv3 vesicatory, but it is not used.
   / VICUt.a Cfx-&j.A.  jfasul—a. Martcaritifer-i
 *j* re-,r_ 
AVOW
119
AZYGOUS
  AVOIN, Avena.
  A VORTEMEXT, Abortion.
  AY OUTER, to Abort.
  AVORTIX, Abortion.
  AYOlimN, Abortion.
  A VULSIO, Arrachement.
  AVULSION, Evulsion.
  AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Ax is  a
small town in the department of Arriege, France;
where, there  are several sulphurous springs, the
temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of
Fahrenheit.
  AXE, Axis—a. de V(Eil, Axis of the eye.
  AX' E A CO M MISS U'R A, TrochoV des. A
pivot-joint.   See Trochoid.
  AXIL'LA,  Ala, Ascel'la, Assel'la, Ascil'la,
Ace/'la,  Cordis emuncto'rium, Male,  Hypo'mia,
Eo'vea  axilla'ria,  Maa'chale,  Mas'chalia,  (F.)
Aissel/e.  The  cavity  beneath  the junction of
tho arm with  the  shoulder;  the armpit; (F.)
Oreux  de I'Aisselle.   It is bounded,  anteriorly,
by a portion  of the pectoralis major;  posteriorly,
by the latissimus dorsi.  It is covered with hair,
contains  much areolar  membrane, lymphatic
ganglions,  important  vessels and nerves, and
numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an odor-
ous secretion.  In consequence of such secretion,
the ancients  called it emuncto'rium cordis.
  AXTLLARY,  Maschalia'us,  (F.) Axillaire,
from  axilla, ' the  armpit/  Belonging to the
armpit.
  Axillary Artery, Arte'ria axilla'ris;  a con-
tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the
passage of the latter between the scaleni muscles
as far  as the insertion of the pectoralis  major,
when it takes the name of Brachial.
  Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated
in the  armpit;  into which the lymphatic  glands
of the  upper  extremity open.
  Axillary Nerve,  Scap'ulo-hu'meral  (Ch.),
NerfCirconflexe, Artic'ular nerve; arises from the
posterior part of the brachial plexus, particularly
from the last  two cervical pairs and the first
dorsal.  It is chiefly distributed to the posterior
margin of the deltoid.
  Axillary Vein, Vena Axilla'ris, Vena Suba-
la'ris.  This vein corresponds with the artery;
anterior to which it  is situate.  It is a continua-
tion of the brachial veins; and, at its termination,
assumes the  name Subclavian.
  AXINE, Ascia.
  AXIRNACH.   An Arabic word, used  by Al-
bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the  upper
eyelid, observed particularly in children.
  AXIS, .Loon, (F.) Axe.  A right  line which
passes through the centre of a body.
  Axis, Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a.
of the Cochlea, Modiolus—a. Cylinder of  Nerve,
see Nerve fibre—a. Cceliac, Cceliac artery.
  Axis  of  the  Eye,  (F.) Axe de  I'ceil,  called
also, Vis'nal Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line,
which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes
through the  centre of the pupil.
  Axis, ILemal,  Aorta — a. Neural, see  Ence-
phalon.
  Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck,
Axon,  Epistropheus,  Epis'trophus, Maschalister:
the  Ver'tcbra Benta'ta, (F.) Essieu.  So  called,
because it forms a kind of axis on which the head
moves.  Chaussier calls it Axo'ide,  from a^wv,
'axis,' and ctlos, 'shape.'
  AXOIDE, Axis—a.  Occipitale, Rectus capitis
posticus major.
  AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS. What refers  to both
the axis and atlas, as Axoido-atloidean articula-
tion.
  The  lesions  of the Axoido-atloidean,  are,   1.
Fracture of tho Proces'sus Denta'tus.  2. Rupture
of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas-
sage and pressure of the process behind the trans-
verse ligament: and, 3. The simultaneous rupture
of the odontoid and transverse ligaments.  These
different accidents are fatal.
  AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEX,   Obliouus  inferior
capitis.
  AXON, Axis.
  AXUNGE, Adeps praeparata.
  AXUNGIA, Pinguedo—a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris
Aselli — a. de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articularis,
Synovia—a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli
—a. Porcina, Adeps prasparata,
  AYPNIA, Insomnia.
  AZARNET, Orpiment.
  AZARUM, Asarum.
  AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach.
  AZEDARACHA  AMGENA, Melia Azedarach.
  AZOODYNA'MIA, from  a, priv.,  fan, 'life/
and Iwapts, 'strength.'  Privation or  diminution
of the vital powers.
  AZO'RES, CLIMATE OF.   The  Azores or
Western Islands are said to afford one of the best
examples of a mild, humid,  equable  climate to
be met with in the northern hemisphere.  It is
slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira,
but even more equable.  Sir James Clark thinks,
that a change from the Azores  to Madeira, and
thence to Teneriffe—one  of the Canaries—would
prove more beneficial to the  phthisical valetudi-
narian than a residence during the whole winter
in any one of those islands.
  AZOTATE DARGENT,  Argenti  nitras.
  A'ZOTE, Azo'tum, from a, priv., and $wn, ' life.'
Nitrogen, Alcaligene,  Gas  azo'ticum,  Nitro-
gen'ium,  (F.) Azote,  Nitrogine, Air gate,  Air
vicie, is a gas which is unfit for respiration. It
is not  positively deleterious, but proves  fatal,
owing  to  the want of oxygen.  It is  one of the
constituents  of  atmospheric  air, and a  distin-
guishing  principle of animals.   Vegetables have
U not generally  diffused, whilst  it  is met with in
most animal substances.  It has been variously
called, phlogistic air, vitiated air, &c.;  has been
looked  upon as sedative, and recommended to be
respired,  when  properly diluted, in diseases of
the  chest.
   Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox-
ide of.
   AZOTED, Nitrogenized.
   AZOTENESES,  from azote, and  voaos,  'dis-
ease.'   Diseases fancied to be occasioned by the
predominance of azote in the body.—Baumes.
   AZOTIZED,  Nitrogenized.
   AZOTURIA,  see Urine.
   AZUR, Coral, Smalt.
   AZU'RIUM.   A compound of two  parts of
mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of
sal ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus.
   AZ'YTGES, Az'ygos, Az'ygous, sine pari,  from
a,  priv.,  and  tpyos,  ' equal.'   Unequal.   The
sphenoid bone, because it has no fellow.  Also, a
process, Proces'sus Az'yges, Rostrum sphenoida'li,
projecting from under the middle and  forepart
of this bone.
   AZYGOS  GANGLION,   see  Trisplanchnio
Nerve.
   AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY, see Ar-
ticular arteries of the skull.
   Azygous Muscle, Azygos U'vula,  is the small
muscle which occupies the substance of the uvula.
— Morgagni. The name is, however, inappro-
priate, as there  are two distinct fasciculi, placed
along-side  each other, forming the Pal'ato-sta-
 phyllni, Staphyllni or Epietaphyllni muscles,
 Staphyllni me'dii of Winslow.
   Azygous Vein, Vena Azygos, Veine Prelombo- 
AZYMIA  HUMOR UM
120
BAIN
thoracique — (Ch.), Vena  sine pari,  Vena pari
carats, (F.) peine sans Paire.   This vein was so
called by Galen.  It forms a communication be-
tween the  V. cava inferior and V. cava superior,
permitting the blood to pass freely between  the
two.  It rises  from the vena cava inferior,  or
from one of the lumbar  or renal veins, passes
through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine
to the  right of the aorta  and  thoracic duct, and
opens into  the V. cava superior, where  it pene-
trates the pericardium.   On  the  left side, the
SEMI-AZ'YGOS, Left bron'chial or left superior in-
tercos'tal vein, Vena demi-azygos, V. hemi-az'yga,
Veinepetiteprelombo-thoraciquc—(Ch.) presents,
in miniature, nearly the same  arrangement.
  AZYMIA HIMORUM, Crudity of the hu-
mours.
  AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and $vun, 'leaven.'
Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread.
—Galen.
B.
   BABEURRE, Buttermilk.
   BABILLEMENT, Loquacity.
   BABUZICARIUS, Incubus.
   BAC'ARIS, Bach'aria.  A name given by the
 ancients to  an  ointment,  described  by Galen
 under the name Ointment  of  Lydia.  It was
 sometimes  employed in diseases of the womb.—
 Hippocrates.
   BACC^E  BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus  sapo-
 naria—b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebulus
 —b. Jujubae, Jujube—b. Myrtillorum,  see Vacci-
 nium myrtillus.—b. Norlandicse, Rubus arcticus
 —b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba—b. Pisca-
 toriae, see  Menispermum cocculus — b. Zizyphi,
 see Jujube.
   BACCAR, Bac'caria, Bac'charia.   An herb
 used by the ancients in their garlands,  to destroy
 enchantment.  Perhaps, the  Digitalia  purpurea.
 Some authors have erroneously thought it to be
 the Asarum.
   BACCHARIS, Baccar.
   BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'wine.'  A name
 applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunkard.
 See Gutta rosea.
   BACCIIICA, Hedera helix.
   BACIIARIS, Bacaris.
   BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see  Strychnos nux
 vomica.
   BACKER'S TONIC PILLS,  Pilulae ex Helle-
 boro et Myrrha.
   BACILE, Crithmum maritimum.
   BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bac'ulus, Bac'culue:
 ' a stick.'   This name has been applied to a kind
 of troch, composed of expectorants, and having
 the shape of a stick.  Also, a  suppository. Bacil-
 lum was used by the ancient  chemists for several
 instruments of iron.
   BACK-ACH ROOT, Liatris.
   BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse,
 diastolic.
   BACOVE, Musa sapientum.
   BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula.
   BACULUS, Bacillum.
   BADEN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Baden
 is  a town six miles from Vienna.   Here are 12
 springs, containing carbonates of lime  and mag-
 nesia; sulphates of lime, and  magnesia,  and
 soda; and  chlorides  of sodium  and aluminum.
 The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu-
 matism, &c.  There sgfctwo other towns of the
 same  name;  one in .Suabia, and the other in
 Switzerland, about 12 miles  from  Zurich, where
are mineral springs.  The waters of the last two
 are thermal sulphureous.
  BADEX-BADEN, MIXERAL WATERS  OF.
Celebrated thermal springs, situate  about a league
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort.  Their
temperature varies from 130°  to 154° Fahrenheit.
  BADER, Bather.
  BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia,
the powder of which is said to take  away the livid
 marks from blows and bruises in a few hours.
 Its nature is not understood.
   BADIANE, Illicium anisatum.
   BADISIS, Walking.
   BADUKKA, Capparis badukka.
   BAG, DUSTING, see Dusting-bag.
   BAGEDIA, Pound.
   BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS
 OF.  Bagneres-Adour is  a small town  in the
 department of Hautea  Pyrenees, having a great
 number of mineral springs;  some, cold chaly-
 beates; others, thermal salines ; but the greatest
 part sulphureous and warm.
   BAGNERES DU  LUCHON is  a small town
 in  the  department of Haute Garonne, on the
 frontiers of Spain.  It has been for a long time
 famous  for its numerous  sulphureous  springs,
 the temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of
 Fahrenheit.
   BAGNIGGE WELLS.   A saline  mineral
 spring in London, resembling the Epsom.
   BAGNIO, Baignoire.
   BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne.
 The water resembles that of Bagnerea de Luchon.
   BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bag-
 nols is a village, two leagues from Mende, in the
 department of Lozere.  The  waters are hydro-
 sulphurous and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit.
   BAGOAS, Castratus.
   BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens.
   BAHA'MA  ISLANDS,  CLIMATE  OF. The
 climate  of the Bahamas is  not considered to be
 well adapted  for consumptive  patients, on ac-
 count of the  rapid alternations of temperature,
 and the prevalence of winds, often of a  dry, cold
 character.  Still,  the phthisical  valetudinarians
 from most portions of the  United States might
 derive  advantage from a residence there during
 the winter months.  The  accommodations are
 not, however, good, or  numerous.
   BAHEL,  Colum'nea longifo'lia.  A  labiated
 plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
 plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours.
   Bahel Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica.
   BAIGNEUR,  Bather.
   BAIGNOIRE  (¥.),  Baptiste'rium, a Bathing
 tub, Bagnio,  So'lium,  Piscina.   The vessel or
place in which bathing is performed.  Baiqnoire
oculaire, an eye-bath,—a small vessel for Lathing
the eyes.
  BAILLEMEXT, Yawning.
  BAILLOX, Speculum oris.
  BAIN, Bath —6. Ohaud, Bath, hot— b. Elec-
trique, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Euticr,
Bath, general — 6. de  Fautcuil,  Bath,  hip__b.
Fraia, Bath, tepid—b. Froid, Bath, cold__b. Ma-
rie, Bath, water—b. Medicinal, Bath, medicated
—b. de Pied,  Bath, foot, Pediluvium__6. de Sa-
ble, Bath, sand—b. de Siige, Bath, hip__6. Tem-
pere, Bath, tepid, B. Temperate — b.  de Tete 
BAINS
121
BALSAM
  BAINS,  MIXERAL WATERS OF.   These
are  situate at Plombieres, department  of the
Vosges.   They are said to be saline and thermal
by  some;  others  deny them  any medical pro-
perties.
  BALA.MPULLI, Tamarindus.
  BALANCE, AREOSTATIC, Areometer.
  B A L' AN CEMENT,  Compensation, from (F.)
balance, ' a balance/ itself from bis, ' twice/ and
lanx, 'a dish.'  A law of teratogeny,  as main-
tained by  Geoffrey St. Ililaire, by which exube-
rance of nutrition  in one organ is supposed to(
involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or
partial atrophy of some other,—and conversely.
  BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica.
  BALANECM, Bath.
  BALAN1SMUS, Suppository.
  BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BALANOBLENNORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
  BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium Bulbocasta-
num.
  BALANORRHffiA, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BA'LAXUS, (iaXavos, 'glans/ 'an acorn.' The
glans penis.  Hence, Balanoblennorrhcv'a, Blen-
norrhea of the glans; and Balanitis, Inflamma-
tion of the glans.  Suppositories and pessaries
were called Hal'ani.
  Bala^s Phcenicos, Date.
  Balanus, Glans, Suppository—b. Myrepsica,
Guilandina moringa.
  BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
laruc is  a town in the department of Herault,
in France.  The waters are saline and thermal.
They contain carbonic  acid,  carbonate of lime,
carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal-
cium, and magnesium, sulphate of lime,  and a
little iron.  They  are considered tonic, and are
largely  used.  Their temperature is  about 118°
Fahrenheit.
  Balaruc Water, Factitious, (F.) Eau  de
Balaruc ; Aqua Belliluca'na is made of simple
acidulous water (containing twice its bulk of car-
bonic acid) f^xxss;  chloride of sodium, Qss;
chloride  of calcium, gr. xviij ;  chloride of mag-
neaium, gr. lvi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j.
  BALATRO, Bambalio.
  PALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra-
natum.
  BALBIS, (iaXftis, 'a foundation.'  Any  oblong
cavity. — Galen.  Hippocrates, in his treatise  on
the joints, gives the name Balbito'des to the ole-
cranon cavity of the humerus.
  BALBUS, (F.) Biguc. One habitually affected
with stammering.   A stammerer.
  BALBU'TIES,  Psel/is'mus,  Pael'lotee,  Blm'-
sitaa, Baryglos'sia, Dysla'lia, Mogila'lia, Ischo-
pho'nia, Battaris'mus,  Bamba'lia, Hasita'tio,
Loque'la bla'sa, (F.) Balbutiement, Begaiemcnt.
Stammering, St.  Vitusjs Dance  of the  Voice.
Also, vicious and  incomplete pronunciation,  in
which almost all tho consonants are replaced  by
the  letters B and L ; Traulis'mus.
  BALOUT'S, Bdellium.
  BALD.  ATHRIX.
  BALD.MOXEY,  iEthusa meum.
  BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities—b.  Limited,
Porrigo decalvans—b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans.
  BALENAS. Leviathan penis.
  BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus.
  BALINEATOR, Bather.
  BALINEUM, Bath.
  BALL, Pila.
  BALLISMUS. Chorea.
  BALLISTA, Astragalus.
  BALL<>X. Receiver.
  B ALIO X SEME XT, Tympanites.
  BAL'LOTA FOE'TIDA, B. vulga'ris sen ~i—
 Marru'bium nigrum, Black Horehound, Stinking
 H., (F.) Marrube noir.  This plant is esteemed
 to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and detersive. (?)
   Ballota  Lana'ta, Leonu'rus  lana'tus.   A
 plant  of the  Xat. Family, Labiatae, Sex. Syst.
 Didynamia Gymnospermia, which grows in Si-
 beria.   The whole plant, with the exception of
 the root, has  been recommended in dropsy, and
 in  rheumatism  and gout, as a diuretic.  It  is
 usually given in  decoction (Jjss to §j to f^ viij
 of  water.)
   BALLOTTEMENT, (F.) Agita'tion, Succus'-
 sion, Mouvement de Ballottement,  Repercus'sion,
 means the motion  impressed on  the foetus in
 utero, by  alternately pressing  the uterus by
 means of the index finger of one hand introduced
 into the vagina;  the  other hand being applied
 on the abdomen.  It is one of the least equivocal
 signs of pregnancy.
   BALLSTON  SPA.  This village is situate in
 Saratoga County^ New Y'ork.   The spring Sans
 Souci  belongs to  the  class of Acidulous Chaly-
 beates.  It contains iodide of  sodium.  There is
 also a sulphur spring.
   BALM,  Melissa — b. Apple,  Momordica bal-
 samina—b. Bastard, Melitis Melissophyllum—b.
 of  Gilead, Solomon's,  see Tinctura cardamomi—
 b.  of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans — b. of
 Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense— b. In-
 dian, Trillium latifolium—b. Mountain, Monarda
 coccinea—b. Red, Monarda coccinea—b. Stink-
 ing, Hedeoma.
  BALMONY, Chelone glabra.
  BALNEA C03NOSA, Bone  dea eaux.
  BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum.
  BALXEARIUS, Bather.
  BALNEATOR, Bather.
  BALNEOG'RAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from
 ffaXavctov,  ' a bath,' and  ypaipn, ' a description.'
 A description of baths.
  BALNEOL'OGY, Balneolog"ia, from 0aXa-
 vtiov, 'a bath/  and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A
 treatise on baths.
  BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from 0aXaveiov, 'a
 bath/  and depaireia,  'treatment.'  Treatment of
 disease by  baths.
  BALNEUM, Bath —b. Acidum, Bath, acid —
 b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline—b. Animale, Bath,
 animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b.
 Anti-syphiliticum, Bath,  antisyphilitic — b. Are-
 nae, Bath, sand—b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinous
 — b. Mariae, Bath, water — b. Medicatum, Bath,
 medicated—b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur.
  BALSAM, Balaamum, Bolcson, Bel'eson, (F.)
 Baume.  This name is  given to natural vegetable
 substances, concrete or liquid, but very odorous,
 bitter,  and piquant: composed of resin,  benzoic
 acid, and sometimes of an essential oil; — which
 allow benzoic acid to be disengaged by the action
 of heat; readily dissolved in volatile oil, aloohol,
 and ether;  and, when treated with alkalies, afford
 a solublo benzoate, and throw down resin.  We
 know of only five balsams:—those of Peru, and
 Tolu, Benzoin, solid Styrax or  Storax, and liquid
 Styrax.  (See those different words.)  There are,
 however, many pharmaceutical preparations and
 resinous  substances,  possessed  of a balsamio
 smell, to which the name  balsam has been given;
 but they differ  essentially in composition and
 properties:  hence  the distinction of balsams into
 natural and artificial.  The natural balsams in
 elude the  five before mentioned;  the artificiat
 the remainder.
  Balsam,  Acous'tic, Bal'samum  Aeons'ticurrr^
 (F.) Baume acoustique.  A mixtiirfi./)Sr*6T*fetid
 essentia^ oils, suljth/yj atome  deafness, dropped
S,W;tneIear.  The acoustic balsaa of Dr. Hugh 
BALSAM,  AMERICAN          122            BALSAM, PERUVIAN
Bath, head— b. Tiede, Bath, tepid—6. Trea froid,
Bath, cold—b. de Vapeur, Bath, vapour.
Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox-
gall with one drachm of balsam of Peru.
  Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
— b. Anodyne, Bates's  Linimentum  saponis  et
opii.
  Balsam, Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum,  Apoplec'-
ticum,  (F.)  Baume apoplectique.  A medicine
composed of  several balsams properly so called,
resins, and volatile  oils.  It is of a stiff consist-
ence, is worn in  ivory boxes about the person,
and is smelled at in headachs, &c.
  Balsam Apple, Moniordica balsamina.
  Balsam of Arcce'us, Bal'samum Arcai, Un-
guen'tum Elemi, (F.) Baume d'Arcceus.  A soft
ointment; sometimes employed  in wounds, ul-
cers, &c.  It is  made by melting, with a gentle
heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one
and a half of turpentine, and as much resin.
   Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea—b. Ca-
nary,  Dracocephalum  Canariense — b.  Capivi,
Copaiba.
   Balsam of Carpa'thia, Bal'samum Carpath'-
icum, (F.) Baume  de  Carpathie.   The  resin  of
the Pinus Cembra, a tree, which  grows in Swit-
zerland, Libya,  and  the Krapac mountains  in
Hungary.
   Balsam, Chalyb'eate, Bal'samum Chalybea'-
tum, (F.) Baume d'acier ou d'aiguilles.   A mix-
ture of  nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared
by dissolving needles in nitric acid. . It was for-
merly employed in frictions in pains of the joints.
   Balsam, Commander's, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita—b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita.
   Balsam, Cordial, of Senner'tus, Bal'samum
 Cordia'le Scnner'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sen-
nert.  A stimulant medicine, composed of the
essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of
musk, and ambergris.   Dose, 6 to 15 drops.
   Balsam of Fierabras. A celebrated Spanish
vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the
composition  of which was oil, rosemary, salt and
 wine. (?)
   Balsam,  Spir'ituous, of Fioraventi,  Bal'-
 samum  Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum, (F.) Baume de
 Fioraventi spiritueux.   Different products of the
 distillation of resinous and balsamic substances,
 and  of a number  of  aromatic substances, pre-
 viously macerated in  alcohol, have  been thus
 called.   The Spirituous Balaam  of Fioraventi,
 the only one now used in friction, in  chronic
 rheumatism, is the  first product of the distillation
 from a sand-bath.  It is entirely alcoholic. The
 Oily Balsam of Fioraventi is obtained  by  re-
 moving the  residue, and  distilling it  in an iron
 vessel, at a  white  heat.  It has the appearance
 of a citrine-coloured oil.  The Black Balsam of
 Fioraventi  is the  black oil, obtained when  the
 temperature is sufficient to carbonize  the sub-
 stances in the cucurbit.
   Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea.
   Balsam  of  Fourcroy or of  Laborde, (F.)
 Baume de Fourcroy ou de  Laborde.  A kind of
 liniment composed of aromatic  plants, balsams,
 resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and  olive  oil.
 Used in chaps of the skin and nipples.
   Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita.
   Balsam  of Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene-
 vieve.   An ointment composed of wax, turpen-
 tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor.   Used in
 contused wounds, gangrene, &c.
   Balsam of Honey (Hill's.)  A tincture made
 of tolu, honey (aa Ibj) and spirit, (a gallon.)  A
 pectoral, used in coughs.  The committee of the
  following College of Pharmacy recommend  the
  Tolut.^}, MeMia^Y\\i,'nAttev,£enzoin.  ^v, Bala.
  10 days and filter.) See Mel.          " "~°* for
  Balsam of Horehound (Ford's.)  A tincture
of horehound,  liquorice-root,  comphor,  opium,
benzoin, dried aquilla, oil of aniseed, and honey.
It has the same properties  as the  above.  See
Marrubium.
  Balsam, Hungarian, see  Pinus mughos.
  Balsam, Hypnot'ic, Bal'samum Hypnot'icum,
(F.) Baume Hypnotique.  A preparation of which
opium,  hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and some other
sedative substances form the basis.  It is  used
externally in friction, to provoke sleep.
  BALSAM, Hyster'iC, Bal'samum  Hyster'icum,
(F.) Baume Hysterique.   A preparation made  of
opium,  aloes, asafcetida,  castor, distilled  oils  of
rue, amber, &c.  It is held to the nose, applied
to the navel, or rubbed on the hypo":astrium  in
hysterical cases.
  Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum.
   Balsam of Leictoure of Condom or  Yince-
GUERE, Bal'samum Lcctoren'se.  A  strongly sti-
mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor,  saffron,
musk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils.
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying
the air of a chamber, when infected with a disa-
greeable odour.
   Balsam of Life  of Hoff'man, Bal'samum
 Vita Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d'Hoffman.
A tincture, composed of essential oils and  amber-
gris,  employed internally  and  externally as a
stimulant.  A mixture of essential oik? without
alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum
apoplec'ticum, B. aromalicum, B. cephalicum, B.
Saxon'icum,B. nervlnum, B. Scherzeri, B. Sto-
mach'icum.  Employed in friction as a stimulant.
   Balsam, of Life, Decoctum aloes compositum
—b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini
composita.
   Balsam of Locatel'li or Lucatel'li,  Bal'-
samum Lucatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lucatel. A sort
of ointment,  composed of wax, oil, turpentine,
sherry, and  balsam of  Peru, coloured with red
saunders.  It was once administered in  pulmo-
nary consumption.
   Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamura
— b. Mexican, see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b.
 Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
   Balsam, Green,  of Metz, Bal'samum Vir'ide
 Meten'sium, Bal'samum Vir'ide, (F.) Baume vert
 de Metz, Baume de  Feuillet, Huile  verte, O'leum
 ox'ydi cupri vir'ide.  This is composed of several
 fixed  oils, holding,  in solution, subcarbonate of
 copper, sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and
 the  essential oils of cloves and juniper.  It is
 green and caustic, and is employed to hasten  the
 cicatrization of atonic ulcers,
   Balsam, Nephrit'ic, of Fuller, Bal'samum
 Nephret'icum Fulleri.  A liquid medicine, com-
 posed  of oils, resins, and  balsams, which have
 experienced an incipient state  of  carbonization
 from concentrated sulphuric acid.  It was given
 in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in  certain affections
 of the kidneys.
   Balsam,  Nervous,  Bal'samum Nervlnum,
 (I*.) Baume nervin ou nerval. A kind of ointment,
 composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils, balsam of
 Peru,  camphor, &c.  It is  employed in friction
 in cases of sprains and rheumatic pains.
   Balsam,  Paralyt'ic, of Mynsicht.  A  sort
 of liniment  or soft  mixture  of the essential  oils
 of different aromatic plants, oils  of  turpentine
 and amber.—Lemery.
   Balsam of Parei'ra brava, Bal'samum  Pa-
 reira brava. A  soft mixture  of balsam, resin,
 muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of
 Pareira brava.  It is given internally,  to excite
 the urinary secretion.
   Balsam,  Peruvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife-
 rum—b. of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum—
     *■"--«  white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
BALSAMADENDRON GILEADEXSE    123
BAMBOO
  Balsam of Rackasi'ra orof Rakasi'ri. This
substance is of a yellowish-brown colour; semi-
transparent;  fragile, when dry, but softening by
boat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed.   It
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu,
and is slightly bitter.   It is brought from India
in gourd shells, and has  been employed in dis-
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially
in gonorrhea.
   Balsam, Riga.  Prepared from the shoots of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine.  In-
ternally, stimulant and  diuretic;  externally, a
vulnerary.   See Pinus Cembra.
   Balsam  of Saturn, Bal'samum Satur'ni.  A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine,
concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor
has  been  added.  This  balsam  was applied  to
hasten the  cicatrization of wounds.
   Balsam  of the Samar'itan, (F.) Baume du
Samaritain.   A sort of liniment, prepared by
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts  of
wine and oil.  It is said to have been  the oint-
ment used by the Samaritan of the  Gospel  to
cure a patient covered with ulcers.
   Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann.
   Balsam of Sulphur, Bal'samum Sulphuria,
(F.) Baume de Soufre.  A solution of sulphur in
oil.— B. aulph. aniaa'tum, (F.) B. de Soufre anise.
A solution of sulphur in  essential oil of aniseed;
given as a carminative. — B.  Sulph. auccina'tum,
(F.) B. de Soufre auccine.   A solution of sulphur
in oil of amber. — B. Sulphuria terebinthina'tum,
Common Dutch Drops, (F.) B. de soufre terebin-
th ine.   A solution of sulphur in essential oil  of
turpentine, administered as a diuretic—The Bal-
sam of Sulphur of Ruland is a solution of sulphur
in linseed oil or nut oil.
   Balsam of Sym'pathy, Balsamum Sympath'-
icuut, (F.) Baume de Sympathie.  A balsam, used
in the  days when  sympathetic  influence  was
strongly believed  in.  It was composed of the
raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat,
and was applied to the instrument which had
inflicted the wound.
   Balsam, Thibaut's.  A tincture of myrrh,
aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
and Chio turpentine.  Internally, diuretic; exter-
nally, vulnerary.
   Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum.
   Balsam, Tranquil, Bal'samum  tranquillum
seu  tranquillans, (F.) B.  tranquille.  A liquid
medicine employed, externally, in the shape  of
friction : it is prepared by macerating  and  boil-
ing, in olive oil, narcotic  and poisonous plants,—
belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus,  &c.—and
afterwards infusing,  in  the filtered  decoction,
different aromatic plants.  It was employed  as
an anodyne.
   Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephalum Canariense.
   Balsam of Tur'pentine,  Dutch Drop*, Bal-
samum  Terebin'thina.   Obtained by  distilling
oil of turpentine in a glass retort,  until a red
balsam is left.  It possesses the properties of the
turpentines.
   Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com-
posita.
   Balsam, Vul'xerary, of Mindere'rus, Bal-
 posed ofluTfi'h^i\lln,Mi!L!lr^'i> |.F-.)  B- v"lnS-
 wort, and  wax.  Employed in fricO,e8&uC2SJ:
 dressing to wounds.
   Balsam Weed, Impatiens fulva — b. Wound
 Tinctura Benzoini composita.
   B A L S A M AI) E X D  110 N GILEADEXSE,
 Amyris Gileadensis — b. Myrrha, see Myrrha.
   BALSAM ARIA INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara
 octandra.
  BALSAMELJEON, Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  BALSAM TC,  Balsam1icus,  from   [iaXaapov,
'balsam.'  Possessing the  qualities of balsams.
Balsamic odour: — a sweet, faint, and slightly
nauseous smell.  Balsamic substance: — one  re-
sembling the balsams  in property.
  BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi-
fera — 6. de la Mecque, Amyris opobalsamum.
  BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina.
  BALSAMINE, Momordica balsamina.
  BALSAMITA FOLMINEA, Achillea ageratum
—b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita—b. Mas, Ta-
nacetum balsamita.
  Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta, B. ma-
ris,  Mentha  Saracen'ica,  M.  Roma'na.   Fam.
Compositae Corymbiferae.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesis
Polygamia superflua.  A plant, common  in  the
south of France, and cultivated in the gardens;
where it  bears  the  names Menthecoq,  Grand
baume, Baume des Jardina.  Its smell is  strong
and  aromatic, and taste hot.  It is used for  the
same purposes as tansey, i. e. as a stimulant, ver-
mifuge, &c.
  Balsamita Suaveolens,  Tanacetum  balsa-
mita—b. Vulgaris,  Tanacetum balsamita.
  BALSAM0-SACCHARUM, Elaeo-Saccharum.
  BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobalsa-
mum—b. JEgyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum
b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum—b. Alpini,
Dracocephalum Canariense—b. Alpini, see  Amy-
ris  opobalsamum —  b.  Anodynum, Linimentum
saponis et opii — b. Apoplecticum, Balsam  of life
of Hoffmann — b. Aromaticum, Balsam of life of
Hoffmann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opobalsa-
mum—b. Braziliense, Copaiba — b. Calaba,  see
Fagara octandra — b. Canadense, see  Pinus bal-
samea— b. Catholicum, Tinctura  benzoini com-
posita— b. Cephalicum, Balsam of life of Hoff-
mann—b. Copaibae, Copaiba—b. Genuinum anti-
quorum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Hyperici
simplex, see  Hypericum perforatum — b. Judai-
cum, see Ainyris opobalsamum — b. Libani,  see
Pinus cembra—b. Mariaj, see Fagara  octandra—
b. e  Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mer-
curiale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis—b. Ner-
vinum,  Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Opodel-
doc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum—b. Oph-
thalmicum rubrum,  Unguentum hydrargyri  ni-
trico-oxydi—b. Persicum, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita—b. Peruanum, see Myroxylon  Peruiferum
b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis
— b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b.
Stomachicnm, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b.
Styracis, Styrax—b.  Styracis benzoini, Benjamin
b. Succini, see Succinum — b. Sulphuris Barba-
dense,  Petroleum  sulphuratum— b. Sulphuris
simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b. Syriacum, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. Tolutanum, see Tolu-
ifera balsamum— b.  Tranquillans seu Tranquil-
lum, Balsam, tranquil—b. Traumaticum, Tinctura
benzoini composita — b. Universale, Unguentum
plumbi superacetatis — b. Viride, Balsam, green,
of Metz ;  see Fagara octandra.
  BALSAMUS PALISTRIS, Mentha aquatica.
  BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum.
  BAMBA. Bamboo.
  BAMBALIA,  Balbuties.
  BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balo, Bala'tro,  from (3au-
patvw, 'I  speak inarticulately.'  One who  stam-
 ~   ."O';°no  °r utters  inarticulate sounds.  Ac-
 pap in his mouth, or as u w™„ks as if he had
 lyzed.
   BAMBOO, (F.) Bambou, Bambu.  Fam. G~ra~-
 niineae.  Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.   The
 young  shoots of Bambos  arnndina'tea. Arun'do
 bambos, Bambu'sa arundina'csa, and of Bamboa
 verticilla'ta,  contain a saccharine  pith, of  which 
BAMBOS
124
BAXDELETTE
ihe people of both the  Indies  are very fond.
They are sometimes made into a pickle.
  BAMBOS   ARUNDIXACEA,  Bamboo — b.
Verticillata. Bamboo.
  BAMBUSA ARUNDIXACEA, Bamboo.
  BAMIX MOSOHATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  BAMMA, from fiairrw, 'I plunge/ 'a paint; a
dye.'  Anciently, liquids were so called, in which
certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften
them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which
bread is dipped,  the tea would be the bamma.
  BANANA, Musa sapientum.
  BAXAXIER, Musa sapientum.
 m BAXAUSIA, Charlatanry.
 * BAXC DHIPPOORATE, Bathron.
  BAXCAL,  (F.) One who has deformed legs.
It includes  the  valgua, cotnpernia, and varua,
which see.
  BAXCROGHE, (F.) A  vulgar  epithet for a
rickety individual.
  BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre.
  BAN'DAGE,  Desma, Syndes'mus, Hypodes'
mis,  Hypodesma, Hypodes'mus,  (the  last three
signify properly  an under  bandage.)  A binder,
from Sax. bindan,  'to  bind.' This word, with
the French, is generally used to express the  me-
thodical  application  of rollers, compresses,  Ac,
Ban'daging, Syn'dcsis, to fix  an apparatus upon
any part,—corresponding to the words deliga'tio,
fascia'tio, fascia'rum applica'tio, epid'esis. With
us the noun is usually applied to the result of the
application, or to the bandage itself;—a sense in
which the French employ the word Bande. IJan-
dages are simple or compound. The simple ban-
dage is equal, if  the turns are applied circularly
above each other; unequal, if the turns are  not
accurately applied upon each other.  If each turn
of the bandage be only covered  one-third, it
forms the  doloire of  the French;  if the edges
touch only slightly, it is the mousse; if the turns
are very oblique  and  separated, it is the spiral
or creeping, (F.) rampant; if folded upon each
other, it  is  termed the  reversed, (F.) renverse.
By uniting various kinds of bandaging, we have
the compound;  and these compound bandages
have received various  names  expressive of their
figure, or of the  parts to which they are applied,
as capistrum, spica, &e.  Bandages  are  divided,
also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing,
retaining, expelling, compressing, &c.
  Bandage or Roller, Fas'eia,  Ta'nia, Epi-
des'moa,  Vin'culum, the Bande of the French, is
derived  from (G.) bin den,  'to bind.'  It may
be made  of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable
of offering a certain resistance.  The two extre-
mities of a  bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs,
and the rolled part is termed its head, (F.) globe.
If rolled  at both  extremities, it is called a double-
headed roller or bandage, (F.)  Bande d deux
globes.
  Bandage, Body, Manti'le, (F.)  Bandage de
Corps, is  used for fixing dressings, &c, to  the
trunk.   It is formed of a towel, napkin,  or some
large compress,  folded three  or four times;  the
extremities of which are fastened by pins.  This
is again fixed by means of the scapulary bandage,
which is  nothing more  than an ordinary ban-
dage, stitched to the  anterior •»«"*—.--Mew-sna
of the napkin- ^*w^e attached to the back part
b>4«« napkin.
  Bandage,  Compressing, or Roller, Fascia
jimpi-essi'va seu convolu'ta, (F.) Bandage com-
pressive ou  roule, is the simple roller with  one
head ■ and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices,
Ac. of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied
to the lower part of the limbs, it is carried  up-
wards by the doloire and reversed methods above
described.
  BANDAGE DIVISIF,  Dividing bandage —
6. en Doloire,  Doloire.
  Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'eia octod'-
ecim capit'ibus,  (F.) Bandage d  dix  huit chefs.
This bandage  is made of a longitudinal portion
of a common  roller;  and with a  sufficient num-
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much
of the part as is requisite.  It is a very useful
bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without
disturbing the part.
  Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fas'eia
Galc'ni seu Pau'perum, (F.) Bandage de Galien
ou dea Pauvres, Ga'lea, is  a kind of cucullus or
hood, (F.)  Couvrechef, divided into throe parts
on each side; of which  Galen has given a de-
scription.   See Cancer, Galeni.
  Bandage, Hernial, see Truss—b. Immo-
vable, Apparatus, immovable.
  Bandage, In'guinal, Fas'eia inguina'lia.  A
bandage for keeping  dressings applied to  the
groin.   It  consists  of  a cincture, to which is  at-
tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover-
ing the groin.  To the lower extremity of this,
one or two bandages  are  attached, which pass
under the  thigh, and  are fixed to  the posterior
part of the  cincture. This bandage may be either
simple or double.                         ,
  Other bandages will be found described under
their various names.
  Bandage, Permanent, Apparatus, immovable
—b. of the Poor, see  Cancer Galeni;  and Band-
age, Galen's.
  Bandage of separate Strips, or B. of Scul-
TE'tus, Fas'eia fasclolis separa'tim dispos'itis seu
Sculte'ti, (F.)  Bandage d bandelettes separees  ou
de Scultet.   This is formed of linen strips, each
capable of surrounding once and a half  the part
to which they have to be  applied, and placed
upon each other, so as to cover successively one-
third of their width.  It is used chiefly  for frac-
tures, requiring frequent dressing.
  Bandage, Under,  Hypodesmis—6. Unissant,
Uniting bandage.
  BANDAGING,  see  Bandage—b. Doctrine  of,
Desmaturgia.
  BAN'DAGIST.   One whose business it is to
make bandages, and especially those for hernia.
  BANDE,  Bandage.  The  word  Bande,  in
anatomy, is used by the French for various nar-
row, flat,  and  elongated  expansions.   Bande
d'Heliodore, is a kind of bandage for  supporting
the mammae.
.  BANDE A U, (F.)  A kind of simple bandage,
which consists of a piece  of cloth, folded four
times, and applied round  the head.   There is
also the Bandeau ou  Mouchoir  en triangle  or
triangular bandage, a  kind of couvrechef, made
of a square piece of cloth,  or of a handkerchief,
folded diagonally, and  applied round the head.
  BANDELETTE, (F.)  Diminutive of Bande,
Fasciola,  Taniola, Vitta;  a narrow bandage,
strip,  or fillet.  Also Taenia semicircularis.
  BANDELETTES AGGLUTINATIVES.
small strips, covered  with  a,rjri|'';--
Vitta agr,luti»~-'~" uUVtJUPhhS, arc strips
«i unen, notched on  one edge, and covered,  on
one side, with ointment.   They  are  applied to
wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the
laceration of the cicatrix.
  BANDELETTE SEMICIRCULAIRE, Tae-
nia semicircularis—b. des Gomes d'amnion, Corpus
fimbriatum—b. des Eminences pyriformes, Taenia
semicircularis—b. de 1'Hippocampe,  Corpora fim-
briata. 
BAXDURA                125                   BARK
  BANDERA, Nepentha destillatoria.
  BANDY-LUGGED, Cncnmscoliosis.
  BA NE KERRY, Actosa gpicata.
  BANGUE,  Bhang,  Bangi  or Beng,  Scdhee,
Subjee.   Adanson believes  this to be the Nepen-
thes of the ancients.   The largest leaves and cap-
sules  without tho stalks of Can'nabia In'dica,
(F.) Chancre Indicn, Indian hemp, probably iden-
tical with C. saliva. 1amily, Urticeas.  Sex. Syst.
Dicecia  Fentandria.  The leaves and flowers of
Cannabis  are narcotic and astringent.  They are
chewed and  smoked.   The seeds,  mixed with
opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of in-
toxication, and  are used for this purpose by the
people of  India.  An alcoholic extract of the
plant, Cliurrus, has been used in India, and since
then in Europe and in this country as a narcotic,
and anti-convulsive, in the dose of from half a
grain to ten or more.  It requires, however, great
caution in its administration.  The  pure  resin—
. Gannabine—is active in the  dose of  two-thirds of
a. grain.
   The dried plant, which has flowered, and from
which the resin  has  not been removed, called
Gunjah or Ganjah, Haschisch, Haschich, Huchisch
or  ('haxchiscli, of the Arabs, consists of the tops
and tender parts only of the plant,  collected im-
mediately after inflorescence, and simply dried.
   BAN ICA, Pastinaca sativa.
   BANILAS, Vanilla.
   BANILLA, Vanilla.
   BAXILLOES, Vanilla..
   BANISTE'RIA ANGULO'SA.  This plant,
in Brazil  and  the Antilles, passes for a powerful
sudorific,  and  an antidote to the poison of ser-
pents.
   BANKSIA  ABYSSINICA,  Hagenia Abyssi-
nica—b. Speciosa, Costus.
   BAXNIERES, MIXERAL  WATERS OF.
Bannieres, is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca-
hors, France.   The waters  are probably  chaly-
beate.  They  are celebrated  in   amenorrhoea,
cachexia, jaundice, &c.
   BA'OBAB,  Adanso'nia  digita'ta,  of  Africa;
Nat.  Ord. Boinbaceae ;  one of the largest produc-
tions of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Its  fruit  is
called, in the country, Pain de singe.   The pulp
is sourish, and agreeable to eat: and a refreshing
drink is made from  it, which is used in  fevers.
Prospero  Alpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the
 Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the
pulp.  All the parts of the Baobab  abound in
mucilage.  The bark has been given as a substi-
tute for cinchona.
   BAPTISIA LEUCAXTnA, see Sophora tinc-
toria—b.  Tinctoria, Sophora tinctoria.
   BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire.
   BAR A Q UETTE,  (F.)  A name  given by Ra-
sous,  physician at Xismes in France, to a catar-
rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. See
Influenza.
   BARATIIROX, Juniperus sabina.
  BARATHRUM, Antrum.
  BARBA, Beard—tfc Aaronis, Arum maculatum
—b. Capras, Spirasa ulmaria—b. Hirci, Tragopo-
gon—b. Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum.
  BARP.ADOES, see West Indies —b. Leg, see
Elephantiasis.
   P. AI! I! AREA, Erysimum Barbarea—b. Stricta,
Er\ Milium Barbarea.
   R.AllBAROS'SiE   TIL'VLM,  Barbaroa'aa's
Pilla.  An ancient  composition  of quicksilver,
rhubarb, dingridium, musk,  &c.  It was the first
internal mercurial medicine, which  obtained any
real credit.
  BARBE, Beard—b. de Bone, Tragopogon.
  BARBEA U, Cyanus segetum.
   BARBER-CHIRUR'GEOXS.  A Corporation
 of London, instituted by king Edward IV.   The
 barbers were separated from the surgeons, by 18
 Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter were erected into
 a. Royal College of Surgeons at the commencement
 of the present century.
   BARBERS, ARMY, see  Bathers.
   BARBERIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
! These  mineral waters  are  half a  league  from
 Nantes.  They contain carbonic acid, chlorides
 of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
 carbonates  of  magnesia, lime, and iron.  They
 are used as chalybeates.
   BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni —b. Ameri-
 can,  see Oxycantha Galeni.
   BARBIERS.  A variety of paralysis chiefly
 prevalent in India;  and by many considered  to
 be the same as  Beriberi.  Beriberi  is commonly
 an acute disease.  Barbiers is generally chronic.
   BARBITIUM, Beard.
   BAR-BONE, Pubis, os.
   BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica.
   BARBULA CAPRINA,  Spiraea ulmaria.
   BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulae
 antibiliosas.
   BARDADIA, Pound.
   BARDANA, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan-
 thium.
   BARDAXE PETITE, Xanthium.
   BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
 Bareges is a village in the department of Hautes
 Pyrenees, near which are several springs.  TLey
 are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varying
 from  85° to  112°  Fahrenheit,   They  contain
 chlorides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates
 of magnesia and  lime, carbonate of  lime, sul-
 phur, &c.   These springs  have long enjoyed a
 high reputation, and are daily advised in  cutane-
 ous and scrofulous affections, <fec.
   Factitious  Bareges Water, Aqua Barcgi-
 nen'aia, (F.) Eau de Bareges, is made by  adding,
 hydrosulphuretted  water,  f^iv, to pure water,
 f^xvijss, carbonate of soda, gr.xvj, chloride of
 sodium, gr. ss.  Bottle closely.
   BARGADA,  Convolvulus pes caprins.
   BARGOU.   An alimentary preparation formed
 of ground oats, boiled to  a proper consistence
 with water.
   BARIGLIA, Soda.  .
   BARII C1IL0RIDUM, Baryta,  muriate of—
 b. Iodidum, Bar3'ta, hydriodate of.
   BARILLA,  Soda—b. Alicant, Soda—b.  Car-
 thagena, Soda—b. Turkey,  Soda.
   BARILLOR, Soda.
   BARIUM,  Ba'ryum, Baryt'ium,  Pluto'nium,
 from Papvs, ' heavy.'  The  metallic base of ba-
 ryta, so called from the great density of its com-
 pounds.
   Barium,  Chloride of,  Baryta,  muriate  of—
 b. Chlorure de,  Baryta; muriate of—b. Iodide of,
 Baryta, hydriodate of—b. Protoxide of, Baryta,
   BARK, Cinchona — b. Bitter, Pinckneya pu-
 bens—b.  Calisaya, Cinchonas cordifolias cortex—
 b. Caribasan, Cinchonas Caribasas cortex—b. Car-
 thagena,  see  Cinchona — b.  Crown,  Cinchonas
 laneifolias cortex — b. Elk, Magnolia glauca—b.
 Essential  salt  of,  see Cinchona — b. Florida,
 Pinckneya  pubens — b. Georgia, Pinckneya pu-
 bens — b. Gray, see Cinchona — b. lluanuco, see
 Cinchona— b. Indian, Magnolia glauca — b. Je-
 suit's, Cinchona — b. Loxa, Cinchonas  laneifolias
 cortex—b. Pale, Cinchonas  laneifolias cortex—b.
 Maracaybo, see Cinchona—b. Peruvian, Cincho-
 na— b. Pitaya, Cinchonas Caribasas cortex — b.
 Red,  Cinchonas oblongifolias  cortex — b.  Saint
 Lucia, Cinchonas  Caribasas  cortex — b. Santa
 Martha, see Cinchona -b.  Silver, see Cinchona
 —b.  Yellow, Cinchonas cordifolios cortex. 
BARLERIA
126
BASIL
  BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schulli.
  BARLEY, PEARL,  see Hordeum—b. Scotch,
Hordeum—b. Water, Decoctum hordei.
  BARM, Vest.
  BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bar-
net is not far from London.  The water is of a
purging quality, like that of Epsom, and  about
half the strength.
  BAROMACROM'ETER,  Padobaromacrom'-
eter, Padom'cter,  from (Sapos, 'weight/ puxpos,
'long/ and  pcrpov, 'measure.'  An instrument
invented by Stein  to  indicate the length and
weight of a new-born infant,
  B A R 0 M' E T E R, Baroscop'ium, Ba'roscope,
from (iapos, 'weight/ and perpov, 'measure.' (F.)
Barometre.  An instrument which  measures the
weight of the air.  A certain degree of density in
this medium is  necessary for health.  When we
ascend high mountains great inconvenience is
experienced, owing to the  diminished density.
Changes of  this character  are indicated by the
Barometer or weather-glass.
  BA'ROS,  (lapos,  ' heaviness.' Employed by the
Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las-
situde and heaviness observable in many diseases.
—Hippocrates, Galen.
  BAROSCOPE, Barometer.
  BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata.
  BAROTES  SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of.
  BARRAS, see Pinus sylvestris.
  BARRE,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.   Barre
is a small  town,  six  leagues from  Strasburg.
The waters  are  thermal, and contain much iron,
ealcareous salt, &c. They are diuretic and tonic.
  BARRE  (F.) Barrure, Vara,  'a bar.'  A pro-
jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis :
—a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
  BARREE (F.)   A  term applied, in France,
to a female whose pelvis has the deformity de-
scribed under Barre.
  BARREES,  (DENTS.)    The  molar  teeth,
when the roots are spread or tortuous, so that
they cannot be  extracted without being broken ;
or without a portion of the alveolar arch being
removed.
  BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum.
  BARRENNESS, Sterilitas.
  BARROS, Terra Portugallica.
  BARRURE,  Barre.
  BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the
Radius, Barton's.
  BARYCOCCALON,  Datura stramonium.
  BARYCOITA, Baryecoia.
  BARYECOI'A,  Barycoi'ta, Bradyecola, Pa-
racusia  obtu'aa, Diaecola, Dysecoe'a, Audi'tua
diffic"ilis, Obaudltio, Obaudltits, A.  gravis,  A.
imminu'tus,  Hypocopho'sis,  Hypoehyro'sis, (F.)
Durete d'Oreille, from j3apuy, 'heavy/ and 0*017,
■ hearing.'   Hardness  of  hearing,  incomplete
deafness.  See Cophosis, and Deafness.
  BARlrGLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia.
  BARYI HYDRAS IODATI,  Baryta, hydrio-
date of.
   BARYLALIA, Baryphonia.
  BARYOD'YNE, from Qapvs, 'heavy/ and olvvn,
'pain.'  A dull, heavy pain.
   BARYPHO'NIA, Baryglos'sia, Baryla'lia,
 Loque'la impedi'ta, from flapvs,' heavy/ and fwvn,
' voice.'  Difficulty of voice or speech.
   BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum.
   BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia  adiposa.
   BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa.
   BARYT'TA, from jiapvs, 'heavy/ Terra pande-
ro'sa,  Bary'tea, Protox'ide of Ba'rium,  Heavy
Earth,  Ponderoua Earth,  (F.)  Baryte,  Barite,
 Terre peaante.  This earth  and  its soluble salts
are all highly corrosive poisons.  It is never em-
ployed in medicine in the pure state.  When ex-
ternally applied, it  is  caustic, like potassa and
soda.
  Bary'ta,  Carbonate  of, Baryta  Car'bonas,
(F.) Carbonate de Baryte, is only used officinally
to obtain the muriate.
  Baryta, Hydri'odate of, Baryta Hydriodas,
Baryta Hydriod'ica,  Hydras Baryi loda'ti, (in
the  dry state,—Iodide of Barium,  Barii lod'i-
dum, B. loda'tum,) has been given in scrofulous
and similar morbid conditions.   It may be admi-
nistered internally in the dose of one eighth of a
grain  three or four times a day, and be  applied
externally to scrofulous swellings, in the form of
ointment, (gr. iv to  2;j of lard.)
  Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
  Baryta, Mu'riate  or Hydrochlorate  of,
Bary'ta mu'rias, Chlo'ride of-.Ba'rium, Ba'rii
Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.),  Ghlo'ruret  of Ba'rium,
Terra pondero'sa sallta seu muritlta, Sal muri-
at'icum barot'icum,  Baro'tes salltua, (F.) Chlo-
rure de barium, is the  combination  chiefly used.
The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows:
Baryt. Carbon,  in  frustulis, Tbj,  Acid. Muriat.
f^xij, Aqua, Oiij.   Mix the acid with the water,
and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To-
ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle
heat, and, when the action  has ceased, filter the
liquor, and boil it down so that crystals may form
as it cools.   Ph. U. S.
  It is given in the  form of the Solu'tio Muria'ti*
Baryta, Liquor Barii Ghlo'ridi, Ph. U. S., Aqua
baryta  muria'tia, (F.) Solution de  Muriate  de
Baryte, (Muriate of Baryta, one part; distilled
water, three parts,) and is employed in scrofulous
cases,  worms, and  cutaneous  diseases.   Exter-
nally,  to fungous  ulcers and  to  specks on the
cornea.
  Baryta Carbonas, Baryta (Carbonate) — b.
Hydriodas,  Baryta,  hydriodate of—b. Murias,
Baryta, muriate of.
  BARYTE,  Baryta—b. Carbonate de,  Baryta,
carbonate of.
  BARYTHMIA, Melancholy.
  BARYTIUM, Barium.                ^
  BARYUM, see Barium.
  BAS-FOND, see Urinary Bladder.
  BAS-LASSE, Stocking, laced.
  BAS VENTRE, Abdomen.
  BASAAL.  The  name of an Indian tree, the
decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger,
is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces. The
kernels of the fruit are vermifuge.
  BASANASTRA'GALA, from Qaaavos, 'torture/
and aarpayaXos,' the astragalus.'  Pain in the ankle
joint; gout in the foot.
  BASANIS'MOS,  from (3aaavi$ci,, 'to explore.
'A touch-stone.'  Investigation or  examination'
—Hippocrates, Galen.
  BASE, Basia, from (laivw, ' I proceed/ ' I rest/
'I support myself.'  That which serves as a foun-
dation or support.   That which enters, as a prin-
cipal matter, into a mixture or combination.  In
anatomy, it is employed irf the former sense, as
Base  of the Cranium, Base of the Brain—Basis
seu Pavimen'tum cere'bri; Base of a process, &•<.,
Base  of the heart—Basia vel coro'nn cordis.  In
the art of prescribing, Basis is the chief substance
which enters into a compound formula.
  BASEMENT MEMBRANE, see Membrane,
basement.
  BASIATIO, Coition.
'  BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris.
  BASIL,  BUSH,  Ocymum caryophyllatum—d.
Citron, Ocymum basilicum — b.  Common, Ocy-
mum basilicura—b. Small, Ocymum caryophylla-
tum—b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare—b. AVild, 
BASILAD
127
BATH
Cunila mariana — b. Wild,  Pycnanthemum in-
canum.
  BASILAD, see Basilar Aspect.
  BAS'ILAR,  Baaila'ria, Baa'ilary, (F.) Baei-
laire.  That which  belongs to  the base,  from
/Wis, 'base'  This name has been given to  seve-
ral parts, which seem to serve as basis to others.
The  sacrum and sphenoid have  been  hence so
called.                      »
  Basilar Artery, A. baaila'ria, A. cerviccllis,
(F.)  Arte re ou Tronc boailaire, A. mesocephalique
(Ch.)  The  union of the two  vertebral  arteries.
It ascends along the  middle  groove  on  the  infe-
rior  surface of the tuber, and is supported, be-
neath by the Fossa  basilaris.  It terminates in
the posterior cerebral arteries.
  Basilar Aspect,  An aspect towards the base
of the head.—Barclay.   Basilad is used adverbi-
ally  by tho same writer to signify 'towards the
basilar aspect.'
  Basilar Fossa, (F.) Gouttilre ou Fosse basi-
laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process,
—so called because  it  is channeled like a Fossa
or Gutter.  The Tuber annulare  rests upon it.
  Basilar  Process, Procea'eua  baaila'ria oaaia
occip'itis,  P.  cuneifor'mia  oaaia  occip'itia, (F.)
Apophyse Basilaire,  Prolongement sous-occipital,
Git' ne if arm Process, is the bony projection, formed
by the inferior angle of the  os occipitis, which is
articulated with the sphenoid.
  Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus.
  Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface  basilaire,  is
the inferior surface of the process.   It is covered
by the mucous membrane of the  pharynx.
  Basilar Vertebra.  The last vertebra of the
loins.
  BASIL'IC,  Basil'icus, from PaoiXixog, 'royal.'
This name was given, by the ancients, to  parts
which they conceived to play an important part
in the animal economy.
  Basilic  Vein, Vena  basilica,  V. cu'biti inte'-
rior, (F.) Vcine Basilique,  Veine cubitale  cuta-
nfe of Chaussier.  This vein is  one of those on
which the operation of blood-letting is performed.
It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the
elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and  is
formed  by  the anterior  and posterior cubital
veins, and by the median basilic.  It terminates,
in the arm-pit, in the  axillary vein.   The an-
cients thought, that  the basilic of the right arm
had some connexion with the liver, and hence
they called it hepatic.  The  vein of the left arm,
for a similar  reason, they called epilenic.   The
Median Basilic Vein, (F.)  Veine mediane  basi-
lique, is one of the  branches of the preceding
vein.  It joins the median cephalic at an  acute
angle, or rather by a transverse  branch, and re-
ceives some branches of the deep radial and cu-
bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein
—the common  median.
  BASILIC COMMUX, Ocymum basilicum—b.
Saurage, grand, Chenopodium vulgare.
  BASIL'ICON,  Basilicum.   'Royal/  or of
great virtue.   An  ointment, composed of yellow
wax, black  pitch, and resin,  of each one  part,
olivo oil,  four  parte.  Hence it was called I 'n-
gucn'tum Tetraphar'macum,  (rerpaipappaxa,  'four
drugs.')—Celsus.  Scribonius Largus.
  Basilicon,  Basilicum, of  the Parisian Codex,
is tho Onguent de Poix et de  Oire.  In most Phar-
macopoeias, it  is  represented by the Unguen'tum
or Cera'tum Reslna.  It is used  as a stimulating
ointment.   See Ceratum  Resins?, and Unguen-
tum Resinas Xigras.
  BASILICUM, Basilicon,  Ocymum Basilicum
— b. Citratum, Ocymum  basilicum — b. Majus,
Ocymum basilicum.
  BASILISCUS, Syphilis.
  BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS,
Hyoglossus.
  BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from Pans,
'base,' xepas, 'cornu/ and yXwaaa, 'tongue.'  A
name given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is
inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base
of the tongue.
  BASIOCES'TRUM,  from  Paais,  'the base/
and xtcrpa, ' a dart.'  An instrument for opening
the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes-
ler, a German.
  BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypaelogloa'sua, Hyoba-
siogloasus, Ypaelogloa'aua, from Pacts,  'base/ and
yXwaaa, 'the tongue.'  A name formerly given to
the portion of the hyoglossus which  is inserted
into the base of the os hyoides.—Riolan, Thomas
Bartholine.   See Lingual Muscle.
  BASIO PHARYNGiE'US, from Pacts, 'base/
and  tpapvyl-,  'the pharynx.'  A name given to
some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius.
—Winslow.
  BASIS, see Prescription—b. Cerebri, Base of
the Brain—b. Cordis, Radix cordis—b. Corporis,
Sole.
  BASSI-COL'ICA.  Name of a medicine com-
posed  of  aromatics  and  honey. — Scribonius
Largus.
  BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.)
  BASSIA7, Pelvis—b. Oculaire, Scaphium ocu-
lare.
  BASS1NER, to foment.
  BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney, Ranunculus
bulbosus.
  BAS'SORA,  GUM.  A gum, obtained from  a
plant unknown, which  eame originally from the
neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per-
sia, whence its name.  It is  in irregularly shaped
pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate  in its
transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra-
gacanth.   Only a  small portion  is  soluble in
water.  The  insoluble portion is a peculiar prin-
ciple, called Baaaorin.  It is not  used in medi-
cine; but bassorin enters into the composition of
several substances.
  BASSORIN, see Bassora gum.
  BASSWOOD, Tilia.
  BAT A, Musa Paradisiaca.
  BATABAS, Solanum tuberosum.
  BATA'TAS.  The inhabitants of Peru  gave
this  appellation to  several  tuberous roots, espe-
cially  to  Convolvulua Butataa or Sweet Potato.
Our  word, Potato, comes from this.
  BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec-
toral Drops. Bateman's.
  BATERION, Bathron.
  BATES'S ANODYNE BALSAM, Linimentum
saponis et opii.
  BATH,  Anglo-Saxon, baS, Balneum, Bala-
ne'um, Baline'um, Loutron,  (F.) Bain.  Immer-
sion, or stay, for a longer or shorter duration, of
the whole or a part of the body, in some medium,
as water.  Act of plunging  into a liquid,  sand,
or other  substance, in which it is the custom to
bathe, Plunge Bath.  Also,  the vessel in which
the water is  put for bathing.  Also, a public or
private establishment for bathing.
  In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, and
filled with any substance, into which  another
vessel is placed, containing  matters for digestion,
evaporation, or distillation.
  Bath, Acid, Bai'neum ac"idum (Acid, muriat.
Ibij ; Aqua, cong. lxvi.  One half, one third, or
one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently
employed.)
  Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath.
  Bath, AirJ Hot, see Bath, hot—b. Air, warm,
see Bath, hot.
  Bath, Al'kaline, Balneum alkallnun.  This 
BATH                  128                 BATISSE
may be made of half a pound or a pound of pearl-
ash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons
of water.
   BATn, An'imal, Balneum Anima'le, consists in
wrapping  an animal recently killed, or its skin,
around the body, or some part of it.
   Bath,  Antipsou'ic,  Balneum antipso'ricum.
Recommended in cases of itch  and other cuta-
neous  diseases.  (Potass, sulphuret. 3iv, Aqua
cong. lx.)
   Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Bai'neum antisyphilil-
icum, Mercu'rial bath.  Made by dissolving from
two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride
of mercury in sixty  gallons of water.
   Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm.
   Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot—b. Cool, see Bath,
hot.
   Bath,  Dry, is one made  of ashes, salt, sand,
<tc.  The  ancients used these frequently for the-
rapeutical purposes.
   Bath, Earth, Arenatio.
   Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain eiectrique, consists
in placing the  person upon  an  insulated stool,
communicating,  by  a  metallic   wire,  with  the
principal conductor  of the electrical machine in
action.  The Electric Bath produces general  ex-
citement of all  the functions, and especially of
the circulation and secretions.
   Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium,  (F.) Bain de Pied,
a bath for the feet.
   Bath,   Gelat'inous,  Bai'neum  gelatino'eum.
Made by dissolving  two pounds  of gelatin in a
gallon of water.
   Bath,  General,  (F.) Bain Entier,  is  one in
which the whole body is plunged, except  the
head;  in  contradistinction to the partial bath,
Merobalane'nm, Mcrobalneum.
   Bath,  Half,  Semicu'pium, Excathia'ma,  lu-
ces''sio, Inces'sus,  is one adapted for half the body.
One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is
also so called.
   The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad,  of the hydropa-
thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient
sits for a variable period.
   Bath, Hand, Jlannlu'vium, (F.) Bainde Main
ou Manuluve, is a bath for the hands.
   Bath, Head, Capitilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Tete
ou Oapitiluve, a bath for the  head.
   Bath, Hip, Go.ralu'vium,  (F.) Bain de Fau-
teuil, Bain de Siege, is one  in which the lower
part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs
are immersed.
   Bath,  Hot,  Balneum Cal'idum,  Zeatolu'aia,
(F.) Bain cbaud, is a bath,  the temperature of
which  is  98° and upwards; the AVahm Bath
from  92°  to  98°; the Tepid Bath,  (F.) Bain
Tiede, Balneum tep'idum, from 85° to 92°;  the
Temperate Bath,  (F.) Bain tempe>-e, from  75°
to 85° ; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from
00° to 75° ; the Cold Bath,  Balneum frig' idum,
Frigida'rium, (F.) Bain froid,  Bain tres froid,
(of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Vapour
Bath,  Balneum  vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Vapeur,
Etuve Humide, from 100° to  130°, and upwards.
See Araporarium.  A Warm  Air Bath,  or Hot
Air  Bath,  consists  of  air the  temperature of
which is raised.
  Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.)
Bain medicinal,  is a bath, formed of decoctions
or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any in-
gredient, introduced into the water for therapeu-
tical purposes.
  Bath,  Mercurial, Bath, antisyphilitic — b.
Nitro-muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath.
  Bath, Plunge, see Bath.
  Bath, Sand,  Balneum Are'na, '(F.)  Bain de
Sable,  consists of a  vessel  filled  with sand, and
placed over the fire.  Into this vessel, the one is
put which contains the substance  to be  evapo-
rated.  See Psammismns.
  Bath, Sea AVater, Balneum  Mar'ia, (F.)
Bain Marie, consists of a vessel filled with boil-
ing sea water, or salt water, in which the vessel
is placed, that contains  the substance to be eva-
porated. Bain Marie is, however,  at the present
day often employed for any form of water bath.
  Bath, Shower, Implu'vium, is  one  in  which
the water is made to fall like  a shower  on the
body.   See Douche.
  Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half.
  Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing
steam into a properly closed vessel in place of
water, as in the water bath.
  Bath, Succes'sion,  Transition bath.  A term
applied  to the rapid succession or transition from
a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely.—Bell.
  Bath, Sulphur, Balneum Sulph'uris. A bath
much used in psora, and other chronic cutaneous
affections.  It may be composed of two  ounces
of diluted sulphuric acid, and eight  ounces of
sulphuret of potassium added to each bath.
  Bath, Tan.   An astringent bath, prepared, at
times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground
oak-bark,—such as is  used by tanners—in two
or three quarts of water, for half  an hour, and
then adding the decoction to the  water  of the
bath.
  Bath, Temperate, see Bath, hot—b. Tepid,
see Bath, hot.
  Bath, Transition, Bath, succession.
  Bath, A^apocr, see Bath, hot,  and Vapora-
rium—b. AVarm, see Bath, hot.
  Bathing is much employed in the treatment of
disease.   The  cold bath, especially the cold sea
bath, is  a sedative  and indirect tonic: the warm
bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant.
  The regular use of the bath is extremely con-
ducive to health ;  but if too much indulged in, it
is apt to produce iniurious effects.
  BATH,  MINERAL  AYATERS  OF,  Aqua
Batho'nia vel Bad'iza, Aqua Solia, Aqua  Bad'-
igua.  Celebrated  thermal springs at  Bath, in
England.  They contain but little impregnation,
and  are chiefly  indebted to  their temperature,
from 112° to 117°  Fahrenheit, for their utility.
The main ingredients are sulphate  of lime, chlo-
ride  of  sodium, sulphate of soda,  carbonate of
lime,  protoxide of iron,  free  carbonic acid and
azote.
  These waters are employed in the most hete-
rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the
simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu-
matism, paralysis, &c.
  BA'THER,  same etymon; Bulnea'rina, Bali-
nea'tor,  Balnea'tor,  (F.) Baigncur.  One who
bathes.  Anciently, the name was given to those
that  administered  baths to  the diseased, — the
Etuvistes of the French.   At the present day, in
remote districts in Germany, the country people
call their medical practitioners Bader, or  'bath-
men/ and Feldscheeren, or 'army barbers.'
  BATHMIS,  Bathmua,  'base, support.'  The
cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence of
another; and especially the  two Fossettea at the
inferior  extremity of the humerus into which the
processes of the ulna  are received, during the
flexion and extension of the  fore-arm.
  BATHRON, Bathrum  Hippoc'ratia, Scamnnm
Hippoc'ratis, Bate'rion, ' a step, a  ladder.'  (F.)
Banc d'llippocrate.  An instrument, used  for the
extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa-
tion.  The description of it  is  found  in  Galen,
Oribasius, and Scultetus, with a figure.
  BATHRUM HIPPOCRATES, Bathron.
  BATIA, Retort
  BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS  OF  Ba- 
BATOS
129
BEBEERU
tissc is three leagues from Clermont, in France.
The water is  tepid, and contains  subcarbonate
and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron,
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime.
  BATOS, Rubus Idasus.
  BATRACHUS, Ranula.
  BATTALISM'US,  Battaris'mua,  from Parra-
fcii'. ' to stammer.' Balbuties.  Stammering with
incapacity to pronounce the R.
  BATT'ALCS,  Bat'tarua, same   etymon.   A
stammerer, a stutterer.
  BATTARISMUS, Battalismus.
  BATTARUS, Battalus.
  BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero-
sum.
  BATTEMENS  DOUBLES, see  Bruit  du
 Cirur fcetal.
  BA TTEMENT,  Pulsation.
  BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Baudricourt is a town  of France, two leagues
and a half from Mirecourt.  The waters are  sul-
phureous.
  BAUDRUCHES, Condom.
  BAUHIN, VALVE OF, Valve  of Tul'pius,
 V.  of Fallo'pius,  V. of Varo'lius, R'eo-ccecal
 Valve,  Reo-colic Valve,  Valvula  Jlei,  Val'vula
 Coli, V.  Cocci,  Oper'culum Ilei, Sphincter Rei.
This name is given to the valve  situate  trans-
versely at tho place where  the ileum opens  into
the (-cecum, and which Bauhin says he discovered
at  Paris,  in  1759.  It had, however, been pre-
viously described by several anatomists;  as by
Vidus Vidius, Postius, <fcc.
  BAUME, Balsam—b. d'Acier, Balsam,  chaly-
 beate—b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic—b. d'Ai-
guillea, Balsam, chalybeate—b. Apoplectique, Bal-
sam, apoplectic—6.  d'Arcaus, Arcasus, balsam of;
 see, also, Balsam of Arcasus — 6.  d'Arceua,  Un-
guentum elemi compositum—6. Benjoin, Benjamin
 b. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum—6. du Br'esil,
 Copaiba—6. de Canada, see Pinus balsamea—b.
 de  Cannelle, Laurus cinnamomum—b. de Carpa-
 thie, Balsam of  Carpathia—b. de Carthagene, see
 Toluifera balsamum—b. de Constantinople blanc,
 see Amyris opobalsamum—6. de Copahu, Copaiba
 —  b. Cordiale  de Sennerte, Balsam, cordial, of
 Sennertus — 6.  d'Eau d feuilles ridees, Mentha
 crispa—b. de Feuillet, Balsam, green, of Metz —
 b. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Balsam, spirituous,
 of  Fioraventi — b.  de Fourcroy ou de Laborde,
 Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b. de Galaad,
 see Amyris opobalsamum — 6. de Genevilve, Bal-
 sam of Genevieve — b. Grand,  Tanacetum  bal-
 samita— 6. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobal-
 samum— 6. Hypnotique, Balsam, Hypnotic — b.
 Hysterique, Balsam,  hysteric — b.  des  Jardins,
 Mentha  viridis — b. de Lucatel, Balsam,  Luca-
 telli's—b. Arervin, Balsam, nervous—6. de Perou,
 see Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b. du Samaritain,
 Balsam  of the  Samaritan — b.  Saxon,  Balsam,
 Saxon — b. de  Soufre,  Balsam  of sulfur — 6.
 de  Sympathic, Balsam of  sympathy — b.  Tran-
 quil/c. Balsam,  tranquil — b. de Tolu, see Tolui-
fera balsamum — b. de Vanille, Vanilla—b. Vert,
 see Fagara octandra — b.  Vert  de  Metz, Balsam,
green, of Metz — b. de  Vie d'Hoffmann, Balsam
of Life, of Hoffmann—b. de Vie de Lelievre, Tinc-
 tura aloes composita — 6. Vrai, see Amyris opo-
 balsamum— 6.  Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam,
 vulnerary, of Mimlererus.
  BAUR'AC. (Arab.)  Nitre, or salt in general.
 From this word comes Borax.
  BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Baurin
is a village four leagues from Roye, department
of  Somme. The waters are strongly chalybeate.
  BA VE, (F.) Saliva ex oreflucn*. Spuma,  Hu-
mor Sallvus.  Frothy, thick, viscid saliva, issu-
ing from  the  mouth.  This drivelling or  slaver-
       9
ing, we see in children, old people, &c.  The term
is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows
from the mouth of rabid animals.  Sauvages uses
it synonymously with salivation.
  BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauca — b. Rose,
Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ame-
rican, Rhododendron maximum—b. Sweet, Lau-
rus — b. White, Magnolia glauca and M. macro-
phylla.
  BDALSIS, Sucking.
  BDELLA,  Hirudo.
  BDEL'LIUM. Myrrha imperfecta, Bolchon,
Madeleon, Balchus.   A gum-resin, brought from
the Levant and India, and supposed to be  ob-
tained from  a species  of Amyris,  little  known.
It is solid, brittle, of # deep brown colour, of an
acrid and bitter  taste, and sweet odour.   It was
much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little
employed.  Two different gum-resins have been
in the shops distinguished by the names  Indian
and African bdellium.   Dr. Royle was informed
that the former was obtained  from Am'yris Com-
miphora, growing  in   India and  Madagascar.
The  latter  is said to be from Heudelo'tia Afri-
ca'na,  which  grows in Senegal.
  BDELLOM'ETER, from pitXXa,  'a leech/ and
ucrpov, 'measure.'   An  instrument, proposed as
a substitute for  the  leech; inasmuch as we  can
tell the quantity of blood obtained by it, whilst
we cannot by the leech.   It consists of a cupping-
glass,  to which a  scarificator  and  exhausting
syringe are attached.
  BDELLUS, Fart.
  BDELYGMIA, Fart.
  BDELYGMUS, Fart.
  BDESMA, Flatulence.
  BDOLUS,  Fart.
  BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach.
  BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla  de  Cartha-
gena — b.  Egyptian, Nymphasa nelumbo — b.
French,  Phaseolus  vulgaris — b. Garden, com-
mon, Vicia faba—b. Indian, Catalpa—b. Kidney,
Phaseolus vulgaris — b.  Malacca, Avicennia to-
mentosa — b.  Pontic,  Nymphasa  nelumbo — b.
Red, Abrus precatorius—b. Sacred, Nelumbium
luteum — b.  St. Ignatius's,  Ignatia amara — b.
Trefoil tree, see  Cytisine.
  BEAN TREE, WHITE, Crataegus aria.
   BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
   BEARD, Barba, Pogon, Genelon, Barbi'tinm,
(F.) Barbe.   The hair which covers a part of the
cheeks, the lips, and chin of the  male sex, at the
age of puberty.
   BEAR'S BREECH, Acanthus  mollis—b. Foot,
Helleborus fcetidus — b. Fright, Heptallon gra-
veolens—b. AArhortleberry, Arbutus uva ursi.
   BEARAVEED, A'eratrum viride.
   BEASTINGS, Colostrum.
   BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart.
   BEAUGENCY,  MINERAL  AVATERS   OF.
Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans.
The waters contain  subcarbonate  of soda, iron,
magnesia,  and lime.  They are tonic and ape-
rient.
   BEAUMOXT ROOT, Gillenia trifoliata.
   BEAUYAIS,  MINERAL  AVATERS   OF.
These waters are chalybeate.   Beauvais is in
Picardie, France.
   BEAYER, Castor fiber —b. AVood, Magnolia
glauca—b. Tree, Magnolia macrophylla.
   BEBEERIA,  see Bebeeru.
   BEBEERINE, see Bebeeru.
   BEBEERU,  Sipeeri.   A tree  of British Gui-
ana, which yields two alkalies—Bebeerin, Bebee-
ri'na,  Bebee'ria, and Sipeerine;  and in  its pro-
perties resembles the Cinchona.  It has been re-
ferred to Nectan'dra Rodiei.  The timber of the
tree is known to ship-builders by the name green 
BEC                   130                BELLESME
 heart.  The Sulphate of Bebeeria has been em-
 ployed in intermittents.  Warburg's Fever Drops,
 Tinctu'ra antifebrl lis  Warbur'gi, an empirical
 antiperiodic preparation, have by some been con-
 sidered to  be a tincture of the  seeds of  the Be-
 beeru, but this is questionable.
   BEC,  (F.)  Rostrum, Beak.  This name has
 been applied to various parts.
   BEG  CORACOIDIEX, (F.) Cor'acoid beak,
 is the end of the eoracoid  process.
   BEC DE  CUILLER, Ham'ulus.   An  instru-
 ment used for the extraction of balls.  It  consists
 of an  iron rod, 7 or-8 inches long, having at one
 extremity a small  cavity,  into which  the ball is
 received to  be drawn outwards.  See Cochleari-
 formis.                   .
   BEG DE  GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos-
 chatum—6. de Grue Robertin, Geranium Roberti-
 anum—b. de Lievre, Harelip.
   BEG  DE  LA  PLUME A  ECRIRE,  (F.)
 Beak of the Calamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity
 at the superior part of the medulla oblongata,
 which forms part of the 4th ventricle.
   BEC (Lb,) MINERAL  WATERS OF.  Bee
 is six  leagues from Rouen, in Normandy.  The
 water is  strongly chalybeate.
   BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga.
   BECHiESTHE'SIS,  from  fof,  'cough/ and
 aiaOnats,  ' sensation.'  The  excitement or desire
 to cough.
   BECHIA, Tussis.
   BECHIAS, Tussis.
   BE'CHICS, Be'chica, Becha, Bec'chica,  Be'-
 chita, from pn%,  'cough/ (F.) Bechiques.   Medi-
 cines adapted for allaying  cough.
   BECHITA, Bechic.
   BECHIUM, Tussilago.
   BECHORTHOPN(EA, Pertussis.
   BECUIBA, Ibicuiba.
   BED'EGAR, Bedeguar,  Bedeguard, Spon'gia
 Cynos'bati,  Fungus Rosa'rum, F. Cynos'bati, (F.)
 Pomme mousseuse, Eponge d'eglantier.   An ex-
 crescence, which makes its appearance  on dif-
 ferent species of wild roses, and  which  is  pro-
 duced by the puncture of  a small insect,— Cy-
 nips  Rosa.   It was formerly  employed as  a
 lithontriptic and vermifuge, but  is not now used.
 It was slightly astringent.
   BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bed-
 ford is a village, situate on the great Western
 Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, a
 few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle-
 ghany mountains.   There  are various springs,
 saline, chalybeate  and  sulphureous.—The most
 celebrated contains carbonic acid, sulphate of
 magnesia, chlorides of sodium and calcium, and
 carbonate of iron.
   BEDSTRAW, Galium verum —b.  Ladies,
 greater,  Galium mollugo,   Galium verum — b.
 Rough, Galium asprellum — b. Ladies,  rough,
 Galium asprellum.
  BEE, Sax. beo. Apis, A. mellifica seu domest'ica,
 Melis'sa,  Melitta, (F.) Abeille.   This  insect  was
formerly  exhibited, when dried and powdered, as
 a diuretic.
   Bee in the Bonnet, see Insanity.
   BEEBREAD, Propolis.
  BEECH,  Fagus sylvatica—b. Drop, Orobanche
Virginiana —b. Drops,  false,  Hypopitys  lanugi-
nosa — b. Albany,  Pterospora Andromedea — b.
Mast, see Fagus sylvatica.
  BEEF  ESSENCE, see Beef tea.
  Beef Tea, Jus bovi'num. An  infusion of beef,
much used  in debilitating  maladies, and  in con-
valescence.   It may be made as follows: Take
two pounds  and a half of lean  beef; cut it in
small pieces into three parts of water in an earthen
pipkin: let this simmer, but never boil, until the
 liquor is  consumed  to a pint and a half: then
 strain carefully.  It  ought to be entirely free
 from fat or grease.—Dr. E. J. Seymour.
   Essence of beef—as it has been called—may be
 made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from
 fat, and cut into small pieces, into a porter-bottle,
 corking lightly.  The bottle  must be put into
 boiling water, and kept there until the water has
 been boiling at least half an hour.  As the boiling
 goes  on, the  cork may be inserted a little more
 tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle.  The
 juices of the beef are thus separated, and consti-
 tute the 'essence/ which may be seasoned to the
 taste.  It contains much nutriment.
   BEEN, Centaurea behen.
   BEER,  Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck—
 b. Pipsissewa, see Pyrola umbellata.
   BEET,  Beta.
   BEGAIEMENT, Balbuties.
   BEGMA,—according to some, Bregma,—from
 Pnaaetv or Ppnaaeiv, 'to expectorate after cough-
 ing.'  Coughing; also, the sputum or expectorated
 matter.—Hippocrates.
   BEGO'NIA.   The  Begonia grandiflo'ra and
 B. tomento'sa have astringent  roots, which are
 used in Peru in cases  of hemorrhage, scurvy, low
 fevers, &c.
   BEGUE, Balbus.
   BEHEN ABIAD,  Centaurea behen — b. Al-
 bum, Centaurea behen — b. Officinarum, Cucu-
 balus behen — b. Rouge,  Statice limonium — b.
 Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen.
   BEHMEN ACKMAR,  Statice limonium.
   BEIAHALALEN, Sempervivum tectorum.
   BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera.
   BEJUIO, Habilla de Carthagena.
   BELA-AYE  or  BE-LAHE.   A tonic and
 astringent bark of a Madagascar tree.  Du-petit-
 Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi-
 tuted for the  Simarouba.
   BELADAMBOC.  A species of convolvulus of
 the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky
 juice.  From this a liniment is formed with oil
 and  ginger, which is  used  against the bites of
 rabid animals.
   BE-LAHE, Bela-aye.
   BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind of Scarola of
 the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con-
 sidered diuretic and emmenagogue.
   BEL ANDRE, (F.)  A litter, surrounded with
 curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried
 to hospitals.
   BELCHING, Eructation.
   BELEMNOID, Belenoid.
   BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro-

  BEL'ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID
or BEL'OID, Beleno'i'des or Belemnoi'des  Pro-
ces'sus, from PeXos, 'an arrow/ and tilos, 'shape.'
This  name has been given to styloid processes
in general—Processus  beleno'i'des.
  BELESME, see Bellesme.
  BELESON, Balsam, Mussaenda frondosa.
  BELILLA, Mussasnda frondosa.
  BELINUM, Apium Graveolens.
  BELI OCULUS, Belloculus.
  BELL,  CANTERBURY, Campanula  trache-
lium.
  BELLADONE, Atropa belladonna.
  BELLADON'NA, in the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, is the officinal name of the leaves
of Atropa Belladonna.
  Belladonna Baccifera. Atropa belladonna—
b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna.
  BELLE DAME, Atropa  beUadonna.
  BELLEGU, Myrobalanus.
  BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus.
  BELLESME, MINERAL  WATERS  OF 
BELLEY
131
BENZOIN
Bellesmc is about three leagues from Montagne
in France.   Tho waters are chalybeate.
  BELLEY, MINERAL  AYATERS OF.   The
waters at Bclley, department of Ain, in France,
are saline aperients.
  BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum.
  BELLIS, Bellas ('pretty,') B. peren'nis  seu
minor   seu horten'sie,  Sym'pliytum  min'imum,
Bruiseivort, Common Daisy, (F.) Paquerette vi-
vace, petite Marguerite.  The leaves and flowers
are rather acrid.  They were, at one time, con-
sidered to cure different species of wounds.   See
Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
  Bellis Hoiitensis, Bellis—b. Major, Chrysan-
themum leucanthemum— b. Minor, Bellis — b.
Percnnis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
   BELL METAL, Cal'cocos, (F.) Airain, Metal
des cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a
small  quantity of antimony,  used  for making
bells.  The mortars of the apothecary are often
formed of  this material. They require to be kept
clean,  to avoid the formation of verdigris.
   BELLOC'ULUS, Bed Oc'ulus. A  kind of gem,
which  the  Assyrians considered efficacious in the
cure of many diseases.  They imagined that the
figure  of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its
name,  Bel's Ei/e.
  BELLON, Colic, metallic.
  BELLOTAS, see Ilex major.
  BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruitdesoufflet—b.s.En-
cephalic, see Bruit de soufflet.
  Bellows' Sound,  Funic, a single murmur of
the  bellows kind,  synchronous with the  first
sound  of the  heart;  heard by some observers,
and referred by them to diminished calibre of the
umbilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching
of the  funis, or both.
  Bellows' Sound, Placental, Bruit placen-
taire.
  BELLAVORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliata.
  BELLY,  Venter; from  Ir. bolg,  'the belly, a
bag or pouch.'  At the present day, the abdomen.
Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities were called
bellies; — the  lower belly,  venter in'fimus, being
the abdomen; the middle  belly, venter me'dius,
the thorax ; aud the upper belly, venter supre'mus,
the head.  Also, the womb.  See A'enter.
  BELLY-ACII,  Colica — b. Dry,  Colic,  me-
tallic—b. Root, Angelica lucida.
  BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian.
  BELLY, POT, Physconia.
  BELMUSC1IUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  BELNILEG, Myrobalanus.
  BELOID, Belenoid. '
  BELOIDES  PROCESSUS, Styloid processes.
  BE LONE, Needle.
  BELONODES, Styloid.
  BELONOID, Belenoid.
  BEL'S EYE, Belloculus.
  BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventra'le,— vulgarly, Belly-
band,— Abdominal supporter.  A broad bandage
applied to  the  abdomen, so as to  support, and
make methodical pressure upon it.   Different
forms have been termed obstetric binders, utero-
abdominal supjna-ters,  <fec.
  BELUL'f l \L from ptXos, 'a dart,' and 'eXxw,
'I draw out,'  An instrument used for extracting
darts or arrows.   Many instruments of this kind
have been noticed by surgeons.—Ambrose Par6,
Fabricius ab Aquapendente.
  BELZOE, Benjamin.
  BELZOIM. Benjamin.
  BELZOIXUM, Benjamin.
  BEN, Guilandina moringa—b. of Judaea, Ben-
jamin—b. Nut, Guilandina moringa.
  BENATII, Pustule.
  BENEDICTA SYLA'ESTRIS, Geum rivale.
  BEXEDICTUM  LAXATIVUM,  Confectio
sennas.
  BENEFICE DE LA  NATURE, Beneficium
naturas—b. de Ventre, see Beneficium naturae.
  BEXEFIC'IUM NATU'R^E, (F.) Benefice de
la nature.   This term is  used by the French pa-
thologists, for cases, in which diseases have got
well without medical  treatment.   AYith them,
Benefice de nature, or B. de ventre, is  synonymous
also with Alvi Proflu'vium ;—a spontaneous diar-
rhoea, often acting  favourably either in the pre-
vention or cure of disease.
  BEXEL, Croton racemosum.
  BEXEOLEXS, from bene, 'well/ and olere, 'to
smell.'  Euo'des,  Suaveolens.  A sweet-scented
medicine, as gums,  &c.
  BEXG, Bangue.
  BEXGALE IXDORUM, Cassumuniar.
  BENGAL  ROOT, Cassumuniar.
  BEXGI, Hyoscyamus.
  BENIGN',  Benig'nus,  Eueth'es,  (F.)  Benin,
Benigne.  Diseases of a mild character are so
called: as well as medicines whose  action is not
violent, as a Benign  Fever, Febris  benig'na im-
pu'tris, &c.
  BENIN, Benign.
  BEN'JAMIN, Ben'zoin, Benzo'inum'Yh. U. S.),
Benzo'inum  verum, Benzo'inum,  Assa odora'ta,
Benjui, Benjuin,  Assa dulcis,  Ben'jaoy, Benjo'-
inum, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'racis Benzo'-
ini Bal'samum, Liquor Gyrenlaeue,  Croton Ben-
zol., Ben of Juda'a, Acor Benzo' inus, Sal Ac"idum
seu cssentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin,
Baume Benjoin, Assa doux.  A resinous,  dry,
brittle substance, obtained from Styrax Benzoin,
Arbor Benivi, Laurus Benzoin, of Sumatra.  The
odour is extremely fragrant, and taste  slightly
aromatic.   It is principally used for  the prepara-
tion of the acid which  it contains.  It  is also
employed in some vulnerary tinctures, and as an
expectorant.  Benzoic Acid, Ac"idum Benzo'icum,
is obtained from  it by sublimation.   The purest
Benjamin is in amygdaloid masaea:  hence called
(F.) Benjoin amgydaldide.
  Ben'jamin,  Flowers of, Ben'zoic Acid, Ac"-
idum  Benzo'icum, Flores  Benzoes, Flores Benzo'-
ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per sublimatio'nem, (F.)
Acide  Benzoique.   This  acid exists in  all  the
balsams, but  chiefly in Benzoin, from which it is
obtained by sublimation.  It is in vanilla, candle,
the urine of infants, and of herbivorous animals.
Its  odour is  aromatic  and fragrant;  taste hot,
slightly acidulous, and agreeable.  The crystals
consist of white,  satiny  flakes, slightly ductile.
It is probably stimulant; and  has been used, as
such, in chronic catarrh; but it has little efficacy.
  BENJAOY, Benjamin.
  BEXJOINUM, Benjamin.
  BENJUI, Benjamin.
  BEN MOENJA.  A Malabar tree.  An alexi-
pharmic decoction  is  made of its roots,  in  the
country, which is much  praised in cases of ma-
lignant  fever.  Its  bark, boiled with  Calamus
aromaticus and salt,  forms a decoction used in
bites of poisonous serpents.
  BENNE, Sesamum  orientale.
  BENNET,  HERB, Geum urbanum, and G.
Virginianum.
  BENOITE, Geum  urbanum — b. Aquatique,
Geum rivale — b. des Ruisseaux,  Geum rivale —
6. de Virginie, Geum Arirginianuni
  BEXZIN, see Anassthetic.
  BENZOATE OF  AMMONIA, Ammonias ben-
zoas.
  BENZOE, Benjamin.
  BENZOENIL, Vanilla.
  BENZOIN, Benjamin—b. Odoriferum, Laurus
Benzoin. 
BERBERINE
132
BEZOAR
  BERBERIXE, see Oxycantha Galeni.
  BERBERIS, Oxycantha Galeni—b. Canaden-
sis, see Oxycantha Galeni.
  BERCE, Heracleum spondylium.
  BEREXDAROS, Ocymum basilicum.
  BEREXICE, Succinum.
  BEREXICIUM, Potassae nitras.
  BERENISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
  BERGAMOTE, Bergamot'ta,  (F.) Bergamotte.
A small orange, of a very agreeble  taste; and
peculiar  odour.   From  its bark an  oil, Oleum
Berga'mii, (Ph. U.S.) is obtained, which is much
employed as  a perfume, and sometimes in medi-
cine.
  BER'IBERI,  Beribe'ria, Syn'clonus  Beribe'-
ria, Indosyn'clonus, Paralysis Ber'iberi, from
beri in  the Singhalese language, which signifies
' weakness;' therefore, beriberi, ' great weakness.'
This word is also said to be Hindusthanee, and
to mean a sheep. — Bontius.  Beriberi is an In-
dian disease, little known in  Europe.  It con-
sists in debility aud tremors of the limbs,—some-
times, indeed, of the  whole body; with painful
numbness of the affected parts, <fec.:—the patient
walking  doubled; and imitating the movements
of sheep !  Some authors have esteemed it rheu-
matic ; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of
chorea.    It  is,  almost always, incurable; is
rarely fatal; and is  treated by  exercise,  stimu-
lant friction,  sudorifics,  <tc.   It  is  sometimes
called Bar'biers, but this  would seem to be a
different disease.
   BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca.
   BE RLE NODIFLORE, Sium.
   BERL UE, Metamorphopsia.
   BERMU'DAS,  CLIMATE   OF.  Pulmonary
invalids are  occasionally sent  to Bermuda, but
 the principal objection to a  winter  residence
there,  is the prevalence of strong winds; espe-
 cially  of the dry, sharp,  and  cold north-west
 winds,  during the winter  and spring.   Still, it
 affords  a good winter  retreat for the phthisical,
 from any part of the United States, provided due
 care be selected in choosing a  suitable locality.
 The neighbourhood of Hamilton has been strongly
 recommended with this view.
   BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus.
   BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc-
 culus—b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba.
   BERS.  A sort of electuary,  composed of pep-
 per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor-
 bium, saffron, <fcc.  The Egyptians used it as an
 excitant.—Prospero Alpini.
   BERU,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Beru is
 in Champagne, France.  The waters are slightly
 chalybeate.
   BERULA, Sium nodiflorum—b. Angustifolia,
 Sium nodiflorum.
   BES AS A, Ruta.
    BESICLES, Spectacles.
    BESOIN,  AY ant—b. de Respirer, see Want—
  b. de la Vie, Necessary of life.
    BESSANEM.  A word  used by Avicenna, for
 redness of the skin, limbs, and face,  produced by
 the action of cold.
    BESSON,     )'    „
    BESSONNE,  \ See Gemellus.
    BETA.  The Beet, Sic'ula,  (F.) Bette, Bette-
  rare.  Family,  Chenopodeas.  Sex. Syst. Pentan-
  dria Digynia.   A genus of plants, of which the
  following are the chief varieties.
    Beta Hy'brida, Root of Scarcity.   Root red,
  outside; white, within.  Very nutritive ; yields
  sugar.
    Beta Vulga'ris Alba, White Beet.  The root
  yields sugar, and the  leaves are eaten as a sub-
  stitute for spinach.
   Beta A'ulga'f.is Rubra, Red Beet.  Root red
 and nutritive ;  yields a small quantity of sugar.
   BETEL, Piper Betel.  A species of pepper, cul.
 tivated in  several parts of India.   The East In-
 dians are in  the habit of chewing the leaves with
 lime and areca; and they give the name Betel to
 this preparation.  It is used in all the equatorial
 countries of  Asia.  Betel is said to be tonic and
 astringent.  It is also  called  Bette, Betre, Belle.
 See Areca.
   BETHROOT, Trillium  latifolium —b.  Broad,
 leaf, Trillium latifolium.
   BETISE, Dementia.
   BETOINE, Betonica officinalis — b. des Mon-
 tagues, Arnica Montana—6. des Savoyards, Ar-
 nica montana.
   BETON,  Colostrum.
   BETONICA AQUATICA,  Scrophularia aqua-
 tica.
   Beton'ica Officina'lis,   Ccstron,  Beton'ica
 purpu'rea, Veton'ica Cordi, Ac, Bct'ony, Wood
 Betony, Psycholrophum, Veronica purpu'rea,
 (F.) Betoine.  Family, Labiatae.  Sex. Syst.  Di-
 dynamia  Gymnospermia. Betony was in much
 esteem amongst the ancients, who  employed the
 flowers and  leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica,
 cephalalgia, &c.  It was so  called, according to
 Pliny, from  being in great repute among the A'et-
 tones, or  Bettones, an ancient people of Spain.
 Antonius  Musa is said to have written a volume
 in praise of  it; recommending it in no less than
 47 different  diseases.  It has, however, little or
 no virtue.   The leaves are said to be aperient,
 and the root emetic.
   Betonica Pauli, Veronica.
   BETONY, Betonica  officinalis—b. Paul's, Ly-
 copus  sinuatus,  Lycopus Virginicus — b. Water,
 Scrophularia aquatica—b. AYood, Betonica offici-
 nalis.
   BETRE,  Betel.
   BETTE,  Beta.
   BETTER AVE, Beta,
   BET'ULA ALBA.  The Birch, (F.) Bouleau
 commun.  The young leaves are slightly odorous,
 astringent,  and bitter.   They  are  applied to
 wounds aud ulcers.  They have been regarded
 as antiscorbutic and anthelmintic.   The tree fur-
 nishes a  saccharine juice, which is  considered
 antiscorbutic and diuretic.
    Betula Emarginata, Alnus glutinosa—b. Glu-
 tinosa, Alnus glutinosa.
    Betula  Lenta,  Sweet Birch,  Black Birch,
  Cherry Birch, Mountain Mahogany, is an Ameri-
  can species, the bark  and leaves of which have
  the smell and taste of  Gaultheria procumbens.
  An infusion is sometimes made of them, and used
  as  an excitant and diaphoretic.  The volatile oil
  is  nearly if not  wholly identical with that of
  Gaultheria.
    BEURRE, Butter—b. de Bambouc, Butter of
  bambouc—b. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b. de
  Coco,  Butter of cocoa/—6. Vegetale, Persea gatis-
•  sima,
    BEUA'RIGXY",  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
  Beuvrigny  is  in  the vicinity of Bayeux in  Nor-
  mandy.  The water is chalybeate.
    BEVUE, Diplopia.
    BEX, Tussis—b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Hu-
.  mida, Expectoration—b. Theriodes, Pertussis.
;    BEXIS,  Tussis.
    BEXU'GO.  Under  this  name,  a purgative
  root was formerly introduced into Europe from
3  Peru.  It is supposed to have been the root of a
  Hippocratea.
t     BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, from
-  Persian Pa, ' against/ and zahar,  poison.  Lapis
  Bezoar'dicus, Calculus Bez'oar, Enteroliths Be- 
BEZOARD
133
BICHOS
toar'dus, Bezoard.  A calculous concretion, found
in the stomach, intestines,  and bladder of ani-
mals.  Wonderful  virtues  were formerly attri-
buted to these Bezoars.   There were two great
varieties: the Iiez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'-
ticum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of
the gazelle of India (Gazel'la In'dica, or rather
Antil'ope cervica'pra :) and the Iiez'oar occiden-
ta'le. Animal Bezoar'ticum occidenta'le, found in
the  fourth stomach  of the wild goat or chamois
of Vein.  These substances were esteemed to be
powerful alexipharmics ;  but the former was the
more valued.   It  was believed  that no  poison,
and no  eruptive,  pestilential, or  putrid  disease,
could resist its influence.   As so many virtues
were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were
substituted  for it; and factitious Bezoards were
made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed
with musk,  ambergris, Ac
   Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Boeuf, Be-
zoard of the beef.  A  concretion formed in the
fourth stomach of beeves; also, a biliary calcu-
lus found in the gall-bladder.
   Bez'oar  of the  Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal
 Fossa of the Deer, Deer'e Teara.  A moist, highly
 odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior
 canthus of the orbit of the red deer—Genua ele-
phua.  It has been  used, like castor, as an anti-
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two
or three times a day.
   Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the  horse — b.
Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
   Be/.'oard  of Cayman.  This was once much
prized.   It is  now unknown.
   BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE, JEgagropila.
   Bez'oard  of the  Chamois, and B.  of the
Horse, Bezoar equinum, Hippolithua,  Ac, exhi-
bit their origin in  the name.
   Bez'oard of the Indian Por'cupine.  Bez'oar
Hys'tricis, Lapia  Porclnua, Lapia Malucen'cis,
Petro del Porco, (F.) Bezoard de Pore-Epic, was
formerly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was
 sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portugal.
   Bez'oard Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti-
 cum—b. Vegetable,  see Calappite.
   BEZOAR'DIC,  Bezoar'dicua, (F.) Bezoardique;
 concerning the bezoard.  Bezoardic medicines are
 those supposed to possess  the  same  properties
 with the bezoard; as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi-
 pharmics, cordials.
   BEZOARDICA  RADIX, Dorstenia  contra-
 yerva.
   BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'XI.   A pharma-
 ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as
 antihysteric.  It was formed of protoxide of lead,
 butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
   Bezoar'dicum  Huma'num.   Urinary  calculi
 were formerly employed  under this  name  as
 powerful alexipharmics.
   Bezoar'dicum  Jovia'le.  A sort of greenish
 powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an-
 timony, tin. mercury, and nitric acid.
   Bezoar'dicum Luna're.  A medicine formerly
 regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions,
 megrim, Ac.  It was prepared of nitrate of sil-
 ver, and butter of antimony.
   Bezoar'dicum  Martia'le.  A tonic medicine,
 used by the ancients in diarrhoea.  It was pre-
 pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of an-
 timony.
   Bezoar'dicum  Mercuria'le.   A  medicine,
 formerly vaunted  as an antisyphilitie, and pre-
 pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter
 of antimony, and  nitric acid.
   Bezoar'dicum  Mineha'le;  the  deutoxide of
 antimony;  so called because its properties were
 supposed to resemble those  of animal bezoard.
   Bezoar'dicum  Sola're.   A diaphoretic medi-
cine, prepared of gold filings,  nitric acid, and
butter of antimony.
  Bezoar'dicum A'en'eris.   A pharmaceutical
preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases
of the  brain,  Ac. ;  which was made from filings
of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
  BHANG, Bangue.
  BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signifi-
cation as Di.
  BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati.
  BIBITORIUS. Rectus internus oculi.
  BIBLIOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL, from PiPXos,
. a book/ and ypatpw, 'I describe.'  Skill in the
knowledge of medical books.  The  most distin-
guisded medical biographers have  been :  J. A.
Van der  Linden,  Amstelod. 1662, octavo, (L.)
M.  Lipenius, Francf.  ad Mcen.  1679, fol. (L.)
G.  A.  Mercklein, Norimb. 1686, (L.)   J. J.
Manget, Genev. 1695 to 1731, (L.)  Tarin (ana-
tomical,)  Paris, 1753,  (F.)  A.  von  Haller,
Zurich, 1774, Ac.  (L.)   A'igiliis von Creut-
zenfeld (surgical,) Arindob. 1781, (L.)   C. G.
Kuhn,  Lips. 1794, (L.)   C. L.  Schweickard
(anat.,  phys., and legal medicine,)  Stuttgard,
1796 to 1800, (L.)   G. G. Ploucquet. Tubing.
1808 to 1814, (L.)   C. F. Burdach, Gntha. 1810
to 1821, (G.)   J. S. Ersch,  (since 1750,) Leipz.
1822, (G.)  Th.  Ch. Fr. Enslin, (of Germany,
since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.)  J. B. Montfal-
con, Paris, 1827, (F.)  J. Forbes, M. D., F. R.
S.,  London, 1835.   A. C. P. Callisen, Copen-
hagen, 1815,  (G.)  E.  Morwitz,  Leipzig,  1849,
(G.)
  BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris.
  BICAUDA'TUS,  Canda'tus,  'double-tailed.'
A monster having two tails.
  BICEPHA'LIUM,  Dicepha'lium.   A hybrid
word, from bi and xcipaXn, ' head.'  Sauvages ap-
plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the
head, which seems to form a double head.
  BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus.
  BICEPS, from bis, 'twice/ and caput, 'head.'
That which has two heads.  This name has been
particularly given to two muscles; one belonging
to the arm, the other to the  thigh.
  Biceps Exter'nus Mus'culus.  The long por-
tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis.—Douglas.
  Biceps  Flexor Cruris, Biceps Cruris, Biceps,
(F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fern'oris, Is'chio-fem'-
oro-peronier—(Ch.)  A muscle on the posterior
part of the thigh; one head arising from the tu-
berosity of the ischium,  and  the other from  a
great part of  the linea aspera.  It is inserted into
the top of the fibula.   It serves to bend the leg
on the thigh.
  Biceps  Flexor Cu'biti, BicepsBra'chii, Cor'-
aco-radia'lis, Biceps, Biceps mantis, Bicejjs in-
ter''nus, Biceps intcr'nus hu'meri, (F.) Scapulo-ra-
dial, (Ch.)—Biceps Brachial.  A muscle, situate
at the anterior and internal part of the arm ; ex-
tending from the edge of the glenoid cavity and
from the top  of the eoracoid process to the tube-
rosity of the radius.  It bends the fore-arm upon
the arm.
  BICHE DE MER,  Sea Slug.   A molluscous
animal, belonging to the genus Holothuria, which
is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group,
New Guinea, Ac,  and when  prepared finds  a
ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre-
dient in rich  soups.
  BICHET,  Terra Orleana.
  BICHICH'LE.  Pectoral medicines, composed
of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, Ac—
Rhazes.
  BICHIOS, Dracunculus.
  BICHO, Dracunculus—b.  di Culo, Proctocaee.
  BICHOS.  A Portuguese  name for the worms 
BICIPITAL
134
BYOLYCIINION
that penetrates the toes of people in the Indies;
and which are destroyed by the oil of the cashew
nut.
  BICIP'ITAL, from biceps (bis and caput) 'two-
headed.'  Relating to the biceps.
  Bicip'ital Groove,  (F.) Coulisse ou Govttiere
bicipitale, Coulisse humerale, (Ch.,) is  a longitu-
dinal groove, situate  between  the tuberosities of
the os humeri, which lodges the long head of the
biceps.
  Bicip'ital  Tu'bercle, Bicipital  tuberosity,
(F.) Tuberosite bicipitale; — a prominence  near
the upper extremity  of the radius, to  which the
tendon of the biceps is  attached.
  BICORNE RUDE,  Ditrachyceros.
  BICUS'PID, Bicuspida'tus, from bis, 'twice/
and cuspis, 'a spear.'  That which has two points
or tubercles.
  Bicus'pid Teeth,  Dentes  Bicuspida'ti, (F.)
Dents bicuspideea, the small molares.   See Molar.
  BIDENS ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
  BIDET,  (F.) Bidet; pronounced beeday.  A
small horse formerly allowed to each  trooper for
carrying his baggage.   Hence, perhaps, applied
to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be
bestridden.   It is a  useful arrangement, in case
of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the
sexual organs, Ac.
  BIECHO, Bische.
  BIERE,  Cerevisia.
  BIESTINGS, Colustrum.
  BIFEMOR 0- GAL CANI EN,  Gastrocnemii.
  BIFURCATION, Bifurca'tio, from  bia, 'twice/
and furca,  'a fork.'   Division  of a  trunk into
two branches; as the bifurcation of the trachea,
aorta, Ac.              ,
  BIGASTER,  Digastricus.
  BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla.
  BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber-
cula.
  BIGGAR.  A disease of Bengal, remarkable
for the intensity and danger of the cerebral symp-
toms.—Twining.
  BIG-LEx\F, Magnolia macrophylla.
   BIGLES, see Strabismus.
   BIGNONIA  CATALPA,  Catalpa —b. Radi-
cans, Tecoma radicans.
   Bigno'nia  In'dica.   The leaves are employed
in India, as emollients, to ulcers.
   BIJON, see Pinus sylvestris.
   BILAZAY, MINERAL AYATERS  OF.  Bila-
zay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar,
department of Deux  Sevres, near which is a ther-
mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77°
 Fahrenheit,
   BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus — b. Red,
 Araecinium vitis idasa.
   BILE, Bilis, Fel, Chol'oa,  Chole, Choler, (F.)
 Bile,  Fiel.  A  yellow, greenish, viscid,  bitter,
nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver.   It is dis-
tinguished into hepatic and cyatic ; according as
it flows immediately into the  duodenum from the
liver or from the gall-bladder.  It contains, ac-
 cording to  Muratori, water; a  peculiar fatty
 matter;  colouring matter, (Cholcpyr'rhin or Bili-
pha'in;) cholesterin, combined with soda;  picro-
mel or bilin; extract of flesh, mucus;  soda, phos-
 phate of soda;  phosphate of lime, and chloride
 of sodium.
   The use of the bile is to remove from the body
 superfluous hydro-carbon ; and it is probably in-
 Rorvient to useful purposes in digestion.
   Bile, Furunculus—b. Black, Atrabilis — b. de
 leeuf, see Bile — b. Repandue, Icterus.
   Bile of  the Bear,  Gall of the Bear, Fel Urai,
 was thought to be anti-epileptic; and that of the
 Eel, Fel anguil'la, to  facilitate labour.
   Bile of  the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel
Tauri, Fel Bovia, F. Bovi'num, (F.) Bile de Bccuf,
was once reputed  cosmetic and detergent, anti-
otalgic and emmenagogue ; as well as to possess
the power of facilitating labour.  It has also been
given as a bitter  stomachic  and  anthelmintic;
and as a tonic and laxative, in cases of deficiency
of the biliary secretion.
  BIL'IARY",  Bilia'ris, Bilia'riua,  Fel'leui.
That which relates to bile.
  Bil'iary Appara'tus, B. organs, B. paaaagea.
The collection of parts that  concur in the secre-
tion  and excretion of bile: — viz.  the liver, pori
biliari or tubuli  biliferi;  hepatic, cystic, and
choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder.
  Bil'iary Concre'tions are concretions found
in some parts of the biliary apparatus.
  Biliary  Ducts, Pori biliarii.
  BILIEUX, Bilious.
  BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi.
  BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi.
   BILIN, Picromel.
  BILTOUS, Bilio'aua, Chol'icua,  Choline, Fel-
lin'eua,  Epich'oloa, Picroch'oloa, Felleus.  (F.)
Bilieux.  That which relates  to  bile,  contains
bile, or is  produced by bile.  An  epithet given
to certain  constitutions and  diseases, which are
believed to be the effect of superabundance of the
biliary  secretion:  as  Bilioua  temperament,  B.
symptoms, B. fever.
   BILIP1LEIN,  see Bile.
   BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus.
   BILITICUS, Cholagogue.
   BILIA'ERD'IN, from bilia, 'bile/ and viridis,
' green.' On adding an acid to a solution  of the
yellow colouring  matter of bile, a precipitate of
green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the
properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring
matter of leaves.   This is the biliverdin of Ber-
zelius.
   BILOCULAR,  see Unilocular.
   BILUMBI  BITING-BING, Malus Indica.
   BI'MANUS, from bis  and manus, 'a  hand.
One that has two hands. A term applied only
to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani-
mal that possesses two perfect hands.
   BINDER, Bandage.
   BINDERS, OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian.
   BINDAYEED, Polygonum  aviculare —b. Fid-
dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus —  b. Great,
Convolvulus  sepium — b. Lavender-leaved, Con-
volvulus Cantabrica—b. Sea, Convolvulus solda-
nella—b. Virginian, Convolvulus panduratus.
   BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria.
   BINOCULAR, Binocula'ria : same etymon as
the next.   Relating to or affecting both  eyes—as
' binocular vision'—vision with both eyes ; or from
impressions made upon both retinas, which  are
amalgamated into single vision.
   BINOC'ULUS, Bin'ocle, Diophthal'mica Fas'-
eia, Oc'ulis duplex, from bia, ' twice/ and  oculua,
'an eye.'   (F.) CEil double.   A  bandage applied
over  both  eyes.   It  was, also, formerly called
Diophthal'mua,
   BIN'SICA.  Disorder  of the mind.  Accord-
ing  to  A^an  Helmont, an atrophy of the  organ
 of imagination.
   BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital.
   BIOD, Vis vitalis.
   BIODYNAMTCS, Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'-
 ice,  Biosoph'ia,  from  Ptos,  'life/ and Ivvauis,
 ' power/ ' force.'   The  doctrine of the  vital  ac-
 tivity, or forces.
   BIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal.
   BIOLOGY, Physiology.  "
   B Y 0 L Y C H N10 N, Biolych'ninm, from Ptos,
 'life/ and  Xv%vtov, 'a lamp.'   Innate heat, vital
 heat,  animal  heat.   Lych'nium, Lyehnid'ium,
 Thermum  em'phytum, Flamma seu  Flam'mula 
BIOLYSIS
135
BISTOURI
  vita'lis seu cordis.  Also, a secret preparation of
  which Bkguin and Burgrave make mention.
    BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic.
    BIOLYT'IC, Biolyt'icus; fromPios, 'life/ and
  Xvais,  'solution/  Relating to the destruction of
  life.   A ' biolytic agent' is one that causes bioly-
  sis, or destruction of life.—Schultz.
    BIO.MAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
    BIO NO MY, Physiology.
    BIOPH.ENOMENOLOGIA, Physiology.
    BIOS, Pios.   Life.  Also, what is necessary for
  the preservation of life.
    BIUSOPHIA, Biodynamics.
    BIOSTATICS,  Statistics, medical.
    BIOTE, Life.
    BIOTHAN'ATI,  Biaiothan'ati,  from  Pios,
  'life/ and Savaros, 'death.'  Those who die of a
  violent  death  very suddenly, or as if there was
  no space between  life and death.
    BIOTIC, Vital.
    BIOTICS,  Physiology.
    BIOTOMIA, Vivisection.
(    BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture.
    BIPIN'NA, from bis,  'twice/  and pinna,'a,
  wing-feather.' A  term used by the ancients for a
  diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two quills.
    BIR, Thorax.
    BIRA, Cerevisia.
    BIRCH, Betula alba—b. Black, Betula lenta—
  b. Cherry, Betulalenta—b. Sweet, Betula lenta.
    BIRDS' NEST, Hypopitys lanuginosa.
    BIRTH,  CROSS, Presentation,  preternatural
  b. Live,  see Born alive — b. Plural, see Multi-
  parous.
    BIRTHAYORT,  Aristolochia — b.  Snakeroot,
  Aristolochia serpentaria.
    BISCHE,  Biecho.   A malignant kind of dy-
  sentery, which often prevails in  the island of
  Trinidad.
    BISCUIT,  Biscoc'tua,  bia,  'twice/  and coctua,
  'baked/  (F.)   bis  and cuit,  'twice baked.'   A
  kind  of dry, hard  bread,  or  cake, which is va-
  riously made;  and, when without eggs or butter,
  is easy of digestion.  It was formerly called Di-
  pyri'tea, and  Dlpyroa.
    BISCUIT,  MEAT.  An alimentary prepara-
  tion, proposed by Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas,
  which  consists in combining the matters  ex-
  tracted from  meat by boiling with flour, so as to
  form biscuits; which keep well, and are of course
  nutritive.
    BISEKMAS, Salvia sclarea.
    BISFERIENS.  Dicrotus.
    BISHOP'S  AVEED, Ammi.
    BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
    BISMALVA, Althasa.
    BISMUTH,   Antimo'nium  album,   Chalcitaa,
  Luna imperfecta, Stannum glacia'le sen cinereum,
  Bisnut'thum,  Wismilthum. Reg'ulue of Bis'muth,
  Marcasi'ta,  Tin glass, (F.)  Etain gris,  E. de
  Glace.   A metal,  in spicular plates,  of a  yel-
  lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.S22 ; fusible at 400°
  Fahrenheit, and volatilizable  at a high tempera-
  ture.   It is used only in the preparation of the
  subnitrate.
   Bismuth, Oxyd  of, Bismuth, Subnitrate of—
  b. Regulus of. Bismuth.
   Bismuth, Subni'trate of,Bismii'thisubni'tras,
  Marcasi'ta alba, Plumbum cine'reum,  Magiste'-
 rium Marcasi'ta seu Bismuthi, Biamu'thmn Nit'-
 ricum,  B. Snbnit'ricum, Nitras Subbismu'thicum,
 Xitras  Bismuthi,  Calx  Vismu'thi, Bismu'thum
 oxydula'tnm album, Oxyd of Bismuth, Alaq"iatery
 of Bismuth, Peart White, Spanish White. (F.')
 Soiisnitrate de bismuth, Oxide  blanc de B., Blanc
 de fard, Blaiv de jrierle.   (Bismuth, in f'rustulis,
 5j. Arid  nitric, f.^ij.  Aq. distill, q.  s.  Mix a
 fluid ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid,
 and dissolve the bismuth in the mixture.  When
 the  solution i3 complete,  pour the clear liquor
 into three pints  of distilled water, and set the
 mixture by, that the powder may subside. Lastly,
 having poured off the supernatant fluid, wash the
 subnitrate of bismuth with  distilled water, wrap
 it in  bibulous paper,  and  dry  with  a gentle
 heat.  Ph. U. S.)  It is considered to  be tonic
 and antispasmodic, and has been chiefly used in
 gastrodynia.
   Bismuth, Atale'rianate of, Bismu'thi valeri-
 anas,  Bismu'thum  valerian'icum.  Prepared by
 mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth in
 nitric  acid, with  valerianate of soda;  washing,
 and drying the precipitate.  Used in gastrodynia,
 chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and  chronic palpi-
 tation, as a nervine. Dose, £ a grain to 2 grains,
 three or four times a day, in pill.
   BISMUTHI  NITRAS,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate
 of—b. Aralerianas, Bismuth, valerianate of.
   BISMUTIIUM,  Bismuth —b. Nitricum,  Bis-
 muth,  subnitrate  of—b.  Oxydulatum  album,
 Bismuth, subnitrate of—b. Subnitricum, Bismuth,
 subnitrate of— b. A'alerianicum, Bismuth, vale-
 rianate of.
   BISPIRUS, Dipnoos.
   BISSUM, Hydrangea arborescens.
   BISSUS.   The silky filaments  which fix the
 Pinna Marina to the rocks.  In Italy and  Cor-
 sica, clothes are made of  these, which are consi-
 dered  to  favour  perspiration, and  are  recom-
 mended to be worn next the skin in rheumatism,
 gout, Ac   See Byssus.
   BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Pylygonum bistorta
 —b. Alrginian, Polygonum virginianum.
   BISTORTA, Polygonum bistorta.
   BISTORTIER,  (F.)' A name  given by the
 Pharmacien to a long  wooden  pestle  used for
 reducing  soft substances  to powder, and in the
'preparation of electuaries.
   BISTOURI, (F.) Pistorien'sis gia'dins, Scal-
 pel'lus, Scal'peum, Bistowy. A small  cutting-
 knife,  used in surgery,—so  called/according  to
 Huet,  from the town of Pistori, which was for-
 merly  celebrated for the manufacture  of those
 instruments.  A bistoury  has the form of a- small
 knife,  and is  composed of  a blade and handle.
 The blade, which is most commonly movable  in
 the  handle, may be fixed by a button, spring, Ac.
 AVhen  fixed in the handle, the bistouri  is called
 by the French, B. d lame fixe ou dormante.
   The chief bistouries are :—1. The straight B.
 (F.) B. droit, in  which the  blade and cutting
 edge are straight, the point being fine, round,  or
 square.  2. The convex B. (F.) B. convexe ; the
 blade  of which  is  convex at the  cutting edge,
 concave at the back.   3. The concave B.  (F.)
 B. concave ; the blade of  which  is  concave at its
 edge, and convex at the  back. 4. Blunt-pointbd
 B. (F.) B. boutonne ; the blade  of which has a
 button at  its extremity.  5. The blunt or probe-
 pointed Bistoury of Pott; concave at its cut-
 ting edge, and its point blunt; so  that it can be
 carried on the palmar surface of the index finger,
 to divide  the  stricture, in  strangulated hernia.
 Sir  Astley  Cooper has recommended  a useful
 modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes-
 tine, should it come in contact with the  edge of
 the knife.  His Bistoury has an edge of not more
 than eight lines in length, situate about five lined
 from the  point.   6. Bistouri a. la lime,  (F.)  ia
 a straight bistoury; the blade fixed  in the handle,
 the extremity with a button, and the edge made
with a  file.  It is chiefly used for dilating parts.
 7. Bistouri royal, (F.) A Bistoury used in ope-
rating  upon Louis  XIA"., for fistula in  ano.   8.
Bistouri gastrique, (F.)  A complicated instru-
ment, invented by Morand, for dilating  wound* 
BIT XOBEN
136
bl£
of the abdomen. 9. Bistouri cache, B. hemiaire,
ou Attrape-lourdaud de Biennaise, Forceps de-
cepto'ria.  A curved bistouri, the blade of which
is placed in a canula, whence it issues on press-
ing a spring.
  The word Bistouri is  used  by the French, at
times, where we would employ knife.
  BIT  NOBEN,  Salt  of Bitu'men, Padnoon,
Soucherloon, Khala mimuc.  A  white, saline sub-
stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great
antiquity,  and has been supposed to be  the Sal
asphaltltes and Sal Sodome'nua of the ancients.
It is  used by the  Hindoo in  the prevention or
cure of almost all  diseases.
  BITHNIMAL'CA,  Gas'teranax.   Two  un-
meaning words, used by Dolasus, to designate an
active principle supposed to have its seat in the
stomach, and to preside over chymification, Ac.
  BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace.
  BITTER,  Amarus—b. Bark, Pinckneya pu-
bens — b. Bloom,  Chironia angularis — b. Holy,
Hiera picra — b. Redberry, Cornus  Florida — b.
Root, Apocynum  androsasmifolium,  Gentiana
Catesbasi,  Menyanthes  verna—b. Sweet  night-
shade, Solanum Dulcamara—b. Sweet vine, So-
lanum Dulcamara.
  BIT'TERNESS, Amaritu'do, Amarit'iea, Am-
a'ror,Plcria, (F.) Amertume.  A particular taste,
which belongs to  many substances.   In  some
diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the
mouth.
  BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbas —
b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianas composita—b. Wine,
Vinum gentianas compositum.
  BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara.
  BITTER WE ED, Ambrosia trifida.
  BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia.
  BITTOS.  A disease,  in which the chief symp-
tom is an acute pain in the anus.—Chomel.
  BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum—
b. Judaicum,  Asphaltum — b. of Judasa, Asphal-
tum—b. Petroleum, Petrolasum—b. Malta, Pissas-
phaltum—b.  Salt  of, Bitnoben—b.  Solidum, As-
phaltum.
  BIVENTER, Digastricus — b. Cervicis, Corn-
plexus musculus — b. Maxillas, Digastricus.
  BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF THE  CEREBEL-
LUM, see  Lobe, biventral.
  BIX A AMERICANA, see Terra  Orleana —b.
Orleana, see  Terra  Orleana — b. Orellana, see
Terra Orleana.
  BLABE, Wound.
  BLACCLE, Rubeola.
  BLACIA, Debility.
  BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN, see   Rubus
fruticosus — b. High or standing, see Rubus fru-
ticosus.
  BLACK  DOSE, see  Infusum Sennas  compo-
situm.
  BLACK  DRAUGHT, see  Infusum  Sennas
compositum.
  BLACK DROP, Guttas nigras.
  BLACK LION.  A term given to a sloughing
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British  soldiers
suffered greatly in Portugal.
  BLACK  ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Leptandria
purpurea.
  BLACKWATER, Pyrosis.
  BLADDER, GALL, see Gall Bladder—b. Irri-
table, Cysterethismus — b. Swim, Air bladder —
b. Urinary, see Urinary Bladder.
  BLADUM, Bie.
  BLJ3SITAS, Blaaa lingua. Some authors have
used this word as  synonymous  with stammering.
See  Balbuties.  Sauvages understands  by it a
defect in pronunciation, which consists in substi-
tuting soft consonants for those that are hard;
as the z for s, the D for t, the s for g and j, Ac.
Also, Lisping, Traulis'mua, Trau'lotes, (F.) Bit-
site, Bit (parler.)
  BL.ESOPODES, see Kyllosis.
  BL.ESOPUS, see Kyllosis.
  BLiESUS.  A distortion; especially the out-
ward distortion of the legs. Also, a stammerer.
  BLAFARD, (F.) Pallidus, Pallid'ulus. This
epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when pale
and dull;  but, most frequently, to the flesh of a
wound, when it  has lost its colour, and become
white.  The word is, also, sometimes used syno-
nymously with Albino.
  BLANC DE  BALEINE,  Cetaceum — b.  de
Fard, Bismuth, subnitrate of—b. de I'CEil, Scle-
rotic— 6. d'03uf, Albumen ovi—b. dePerle, Bis-
muth, subnitrate of.
  BLANC-MANGER, (F.) Cibua albua, Leuco-
pha'gium, Leucoph'agum, Argyrotrophe'ma.  An
animal jelly,  so  called on account of its colour,
combined with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to
which sugar has  been added, and some aromatic.
It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con-
valescence and chronic diseases.
  BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis.
  BLANC RHAZIS,  Blanc-raiain.  An  oint-
ment composed of cerussa, white wax, and olive
oil.
  BLANCA,  Plumbi subcarbonas.
  BLANCH,  TO, from (F.) blanchir, 'to whiten,
to bleach.'  To whiten by depriving of the outer
rind; as ' to blanch almonds;' i. e. to peel them.
  BLANCHET, (F.)  A blanket. A term given,
by  the  French  Pharmaciens, to  the  woollen
strainer through which  they  filter syrup and
other thick fluids.  See, also, Aphthas.
  BLANCHING, Etiolation.
  BLANCNON  ORIBASII, Polypodium filix
mas.
  BLAS.  An unmeaning term, invented by Van
Helmont to designate a kind of movement in the
body; at times, local,—at others, under extrane-
ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Blaa mete-
oroa of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias huma'-
num, that which operates in man.
  Blas Alterativum, Plastic force.
  BLASE, (F.)   An epithet given to one whom
the abuse of  enjoyment has prevented from  any
longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure from it.
  BLASTE'MA,  Blaste'sia, from  pXacravw, 'I
bud.'  A germ.  The sense of this word, which
is often used  by Hippocrates, is obscure. Castelli
thinks  it means  the eruption of some morbific
principle at the  surface of the body.  Also, the
matrix or general formative element of tissues.
  BLAS'TEMAL, Blaetema'lia. Relating or ap-
pertaining to  a blastema, — as ' blastemal forma-
tions/ those that are formed from a blastema.
  BLASTODEBMA, see Molecule.
  BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'tua, (F.)
Blatte de Byzance.  This  name seems, formerly,
to have been  given to a marine production from
some  of  the  Conchylia.   It had an agreeable
smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It
was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic
obstructions.  Rondelet affirms that it  was the
production of the  shell-fish murex or purpura;
and  that  the name  Blatta is  derived  from the
Greek pXarros, 'purple.'
  BLA VELLE, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLA VEOLE, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLAZING-STAR,  Chamaslirium  luteum, Li-
atris.
  BLE, Bladum. This word answers, in France, 
RLE                   137            BLEPHAROPTOSIS
to tho word Corn in England; i. e. any kind of
grain employed for making bread. AVheat being
most commonly used for this  purpose, Ble  is
sometimes  restricted to  this.   Ble  meteil is a
mixture of wheat and rye.
  BLE GOIINU, Ergot—6. d'Espagnt, Zeamays
— b. i/'Italie,  Zea Mays — b. Meteil, see  Ble —
b. .Voir, Polygonum fagopyrum — 6. de Turquie,
Zea mays.
  BLE (PARLER,) Blsesitas.
   BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
   BLEACHING LIQUID, Eau de javelle.
   BLEAR-EYE, Lippitudo.
   BLEB, Bulla.
   BLEC1INON, Polypodium filix mas.
   BLECHNIM  LIGNIFOLIUM,  Asplenium
 Scolopendrium — b.  Squamosum, Asplenium ce-
 terach.
   BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros.
   BLEC1IROPYRUS, Typhus mitior.
   BLECHROS, pXnxpos,  'weak, feeble, slow.'
 An  epithet applied  to different affections, and
 particularly to fevers.  Hence  Blechrop'yra,  ' a
 slow fever:' Blcchrosphi/g'mia, 'a slow pulse.'
   BLECIIROSPHYGMIA,  see Blechros.
   BLED,  Corn.
   BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Hasmorrhagia.
   BLEEDING  FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis
—b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum.
   BLEME, (F.)  This word has nearly the same
signification as Blafard.   Generally, however, it
includes, also, emaciation of the countenance.
   BEENNA, Mucus—b. Narium, Nasal mucus.
  BLENNADEN^TIS,  from pXevva,  'mucus/
alnv, ' a gland/  and itia,  denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of mucous follicles.
  BLENNELYT'RIA, from p\evva, 'mucus/ and
tXvrpov, 'a sheath.'   A discharge of mucus from
the vagina.  Leueorrhcea.—Alibert.
  BLENNEM'ESIS.   Blennoem'esis,  Vom'itua
pituito'aua,  from PXevva,  ' mucus/   and epeais,
'vomiting.'  Vomiting of mucus.
  BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery.
  BLENNISTH'MIA, from PXevva, 'mucus/ and
laSpos, ' the gullet.   Increased flow of  mucus
from the pharynx and larynx.—Alibert.
   BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous.
  BLENNOCYSTIDES,  Bursas mucosae.
  BLENNODES, Muciform.
  BLENNOKMESIS, Blennemesis.
  BLENNOG"ENOUS, Blennog"enua, Mucif'ic,
Mucif'icua,  from PXevva, 'mucus/ and yevaw, 'I
form.'  Forming or generating mucus.  Breschet
and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus
of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat-
ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a
glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ-
ate in the substance  of  the true skin, and of
excretory  ducts, which  issue from  the organ,
and deposite the mucous matter  between the
papilla-.
  BLENNOIDES, Muciform.
  BLENNOIDEUS,  Muciform.
  BLENNOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia, (puru-
lent.)
  BLENNOP'TYSIS, from PXewa, and irrvw, 'I
spit.'  Expectoration of mucus.   Catarrh.
  BLENNOP'YRA.  Blennopy'ria,  from PXevva,
and nvp, ' fire.'   Alibert has classed, under this
head, various fevers with  mucous complications;
as Mesenteric fever, Adcno-meningeal fever, Ac.
  BLENXORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea—b. Genita-
lium, Leueorrhcea—b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria
—b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS, Her-
Dia humoralis.
  BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea
spuria—b. du Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BLENNORRHIXIA, Coryza.
  BLENNORRIKE'A,  Blennorrhoe,  Blennor-
rhag"ia, Phlegmorrhoe'a, Phlegmorrhag"ia, from
PXevva,  ' mucus/ and  ptu,  ' I flow.' Inordinate
secretion and discharge of mucus.   Also, Gonor-
rhoea.
  Blennorrrcea Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor-
rhoea—b. Genitalium, Leueorrhcea — b. Luodes,
Gonorrhoea impura—b. Nasalis, Coryza—b. Oculi,
see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph-
thalmia—b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—
b. Oculi purulenta, see Ophthalmia—b. Urethralis,
Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhosa—b. Arentriculi, Gastror-
rhosa—b. Aresicas, Cystorrhosa.
  BLENNO'SES, from PXevva, 'mucus.'  Affec-
tions of the mucous membranes.—Alibert.
  BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh,  Peripneumonia
notha—b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum.
  BLENX0T0RRHO3A, Otirrhcea.
  BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea.
  BLENNURIA, Cystorrhosa.
  BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi.
  BLEPHARAXTHRACO'SIS, Blephari'-
tia gangrano'aa,  Carbuncula'tio Oc'uli.   Gangre-
nous inflammation of the eyelids.
  BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion.
  BLEPHARIDES, Cilia.
  BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice.
  BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.
  BLEPHARITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi —b. Gan-
graenosa, Blepharanthracosis.
  BLEPHAROBLENNORRIKEA, Ophthalmia,
purulent — b.  Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu-
rulenta infantum.)
  BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS,  Blepha-
rosyndesmi'tis, from PXetpapov,  ' an eyelid/ and
conjunctiva.   Ophthalmia affecting the- conjunc-
tiva and eyelids.
  BLEPHARODYSCHRffi'A, from pXe<j,apov, the
'eyelid/ Ivs, 'with difficulty/ and x?oa> 'colour.'
Discoloration of  the eyelid.  Nasvus of the eye-
lid.—Von Ammon.
  BLEPHARCEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble-
pharon.
  BLEPHARON, Palpebra—b. Atoniaton, Ble-
pharoptosis.
  BLEPIIARONCO'SIS,  Blepharon'cus,  Ble-
pharophy'ma,  Palpebra'rum Tumor, from PXefa-
pov, ' eyelid/ and oyxos, ' tumour.'  A tumour  of
the eyelid.
  BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis.
  BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi
—b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—b. Purulenta,
Blepharopyorrhosa.
  BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS  GLANDULO-
SA,  Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
  BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis.
  BLVPHAKOFLAS'TICF], Blepharidoplaa'tice,
Insil'io Cilio'rum, from PXetpapov,  ' the eyelid/
and  ttXaanxos, 'forming/  'formative.'  The for-
mation of a new  eyelid.
  BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis.
  BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blepharople'gia, Casus
palpebra superio'ris,  Delap'sus palpebra, Pro-
lap'sus palpebra, Propto'sis palpebra,  Pto'sis
palpebra, Atoniaton blcpharon, from  PXetpapov,
' the eyelid/ and nrwats, ' fall.'  A falling down
of the  upper eyelid over the eye,  caused by  a
paralysis of the Levator palpebra superioris mus-
cle.  This paralysis is  an unfavourable symptom,
as it is generally connected with a state of the
brain favouring apoplexy or palsy.
  Blepharoptosis Ectropium, Ectropium — b.
Entropion, Entropion. 
BLEPHAROPYORRHCEA          138                  BLOOD
  BLEPHAROPYORRIKE'A, Blepharophthal-
mia purulen'ta, Pyorrhoe'a palpebra, from PXetp-
apov,  'eyelid;' wov,  'pus/ and poo,  'I flow.'
Secretion of pus  from the eyelids.
  Blepharo-pyorrhcea Neonatorum, see Oph-
thalmia (purulenta infantum.)
  BLEPHARORRHCE'A, from  PXetpapov, 'eye-
lid/  and pew,  ' I flow.'  A discharge of mucus
from the eyelids.
  BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS, from PXetpapov, 'eye-
lid/  and o-naopos, ' spasm.'   A spasmodic action
of the orbicularis palpebrarum  muscle.
  B L E P H A ROSYNDESMITIS, Blepharocon-
junctivitis.
  BLEPHAROTIS,  Ophthalmia tarsi—b. Glan-
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
  BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi.
  BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium.
  BLEPHAROXY S'TUM, Blepharoxys 'trum,
from pXeiiapov, ' eyelid/ and ivw, ' I scrape.'  An
instrument used, by the ancients,  for removing
callosities, which made  their appearance in the
affection called, by the Greeks, rpa^wpa.—Paulus
of ^Egina, Gorraeus.
  BLEPHIL'IA  HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horeemint,
Hairy Horaemint; an indigenous  plant of the
Mint family, Labiatas, which  has  the  aromatic
properties of the Mints.
  BLESITE, Blassitas.
  BLESSURE,  Abortion, Wound.
  BLESTRIS'MUS.  Restlessness of the sick.—
Hippocrates.
  BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white
or milky urine,  arising from  diseased kidneys.
Biota alba has the same meaning.
  BLEU DE PRUSSE, Prussian blue.
  BLEVILLE, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Ble-
ville us  a  village about two miles from Havre.
The waters are acidulous chalybeate.
  BLIGHT IN  THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar-
rhal.
  BLINDNESS,  Cascitas—b.  Colour, Achroma-
topsia.
  BLISTER, Vesicato'rium, Emplas'trum Vesica-
to'rium, Emplas'trum Lytta,Epispas'ticum, Blister
plaster, from vesica, 'a bladder/ (F.) Vesicatoire,
Vesicant.  Any substance which, when applied to
the skin, irritates it, and occasions a serous secre-
tion, raising the epidermis, and  inducing a vesicle.
A'arious articles  produce this  effect, as cantha-
rides, mustard, garolV/^euphorbium,  garlic, ammo-
nia,  Ac. Blisters are used  as counter-irritants.
By exciting a disease artificially on the surface,
we can often  remove another which may be at
the time existing internally.  A perpetual blister
is one that is kept open for a longer or a shorter
time by means of appropriate dressings.
  Blister or vesication also  means the vesicle
produced by vesicatories.
  Blister, Magistral, (F.)  Veaicatoire magis-
tral.  A prompt  means of producing vesication
rcommended by  M. Valleix.  It is prepared as
follows :—Take powdered cantharidea and wheat-
flower,  of each equal parts; vinegar, a sufficient
quantity to form a soft paste.
  Blister Beetle, Cantharis.
  Blister Fly, Cantharis.
  Blister Plaster,  Blister.
  BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris.
  BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis—b. Paper, see
Sparadrapum vesicatorium—b. Tissue, Sparadra-
pum vesicatorium.
  BLITUM  AMERICANUM,  Phytolacca de-
can dra.
  BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, blo5, from bleoan, 'to
bleed/  Sanguia, Cruor, Lapis anima'lis, Hama,
'aipa, (F.) Sang.   An  animal fluid formed chiefly
from the chyle;  acquiring important.properties
during respiration ;  entering every organ through
the circulation;  distributing the nutritive princi-
ples to  every texture, and  the  source of every
secretion.  The  blood is white in the  molluscous
and inferior  animals,  which have  been, hence,
called white-blooded, to  distinguish  them  from
the red-blooded,  which class includes the mam-
malia, birds,  reptiles, and fishes. Human blood
is composed of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal
colouring substance, a  little fatty matter—hama-
tela'um,,und different salts; as chlorides of potas-
sium and sodium, phosphate of lime,  subcarbonate
of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron,  and lactate
of soda, united with an animal matter.  Arterial
blood is of a florid red colour, strong smell, temp.
100°; s. g. 1.049.   Venous blood is of  a brownish
red: temp. 98°; s.  g. 1.051.   The  difference in
colour has given occasion to the first being called
red blood;  the latter, black.  The former, which
is distributed from  the heart, is  nearly the same
through  its whole  extent: the  latter is  the re-
mains of the arterial  blood after .the  different
elements have been taken from it  in nutrition,
and probably differs in composition.   It likewise
contains different substances absorbed.  Venous
blood, taken  from a vessel and left to itself, be-
comes solid, and separates into two distinct parts,
—the aerum  or  watery,  supernatant  fluid;  and
the cruor,  coag'ulum,  crassamen'tum,  hepar seu
placen'ta aan'guinia, placen'ta cruo'ris, in'anla,
thrombua, or  clot.   The serum is chiefly water,
holding albumen in solution and the salts of tho
blood.  The  clot contains  the fibrin, colouring
matter — hamatoain, a little serum, and a small
quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the blood to
be composed-—in 1000  parts—of water, 785.590;
albumen, 69.415  ; fibrin, 3.565 ; colouring matter,
119.626 ; crystallizable fatty matter, 4.300;  oily
matter, 2.270; extractive matter soluble in alco-
hol and  water,  1.920; albumen combined with
soda, 2.010 ;  chlorides  of sodium and potassium;
alkaline  phosphates, sulphates, and  subcarbon-
ates, 7.304; subcarbonate of lime and magnesia,
phosphate  of lime,  magnesia and iron, peroxide
of iron, 1.414;  loss, 2.586.   The four principal
components of  the blood  are  fibrin, albumen,
corpuscles, and saline matter. In the circulating
blood they  are thus combined—

Albumen i "^ so^uti°n forming Liquor Sangui-
nis,    ')  ni8-

  Red Corpuscles—suspended in the Liquor San-
guinis.

  In coagulated blood  they are thus combined:
Fibrin,          j Forming the  crassamentum or
Red Corpuscles, j   clot.
Albumen,  j Remaining  in  solution,  forming
Salts,      J   serum.

  The following table  exhibits the  computations
of  different physiologists regarding  the weight
of the circulating fluid—arterial and venous.
Harvey,      1                             1))g
Lister,       I
Moulins,     f................................••• 8
Abildgtiard,   J
Blumenliach,  1
J'nhh.        >..................................10
Lower,       )
S prengel....................................]0 to 15
£UI,,tner.....................................15 to 20
?J;l V5-'" • •:................................Ifii to 18j
Mnller and Burdach........,..........          20
Wagner..................................'..'.20 to'25
tiuesnai..................................     _  27
F Hoffmann...........................     ......og
Haller.................................V.'.'.'.'.28 to'.IO
Youns;............................................40
Hamberger..........................    .........gQ
Keiu..................................;;!!!!;;;:ioo 
BLOODING
139
BOISSE
  The proportion of arterial blood to venous is
about 4 to 9.
  Much  attention has been paid to the varying
condition of  the blood in disease.   The average
proportion  of each of  the  organic elements in
1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord-
ing to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarret:—
fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of the
serum, 80;  water, 790.
  Dried human blood was, at one time,  consi-
dered to be  anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried,
Sanguis hirci  eicca'tue, sudorific  and  antipleu-
retic.
  Blood, Arterial, see Blood — b. Black, see
Blood—-b. Black, Avascular system  of, see Vascu-
lar—b. Casein, Globulin—b. Cerpuscles, Globules
of the blood—b. Disease, Hasmatonosos—b.  Disks,
Globules of the blood—b. Dried, see Blood—b.
Loss  of, Hasmorrhagia—b.  Red, see Blood—b.
Red,.system of,  see  Avascular — b. Spitting of,
Haemoptysis — b. Arenous, see Blood—b. Vomit-
ing of, Hasmatemosis—b. AVhite, Lymph.
  BLOODING, Bloodletting.
  BLOODLESSXESS,  Anosmia.
  BLOOD-LETTIXG, Missio  seu Dctrac'tio
San'guinis,  Hamax'is,  Cataschas'mua, Blooding,
JIIceding, (F.)  Saignee, Emission sanguine.  A
discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced
by art: an operation which consists in making
an  opening into a vessel to  draw blood  from it.
AVhen practised on an artery, it is called Arteri-
ot'omy ;  on a vein, Phlebot'omy,  Venasec'tio, Vc-
nesec'tion ; and on the capillary  vessels, local or
capillary, in  contradistinction  to  the  former,
which is termed general.  Blood-letting is used
both during the existence of a disease, as  in in-
flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis.  It
is employed to fulfil various indications.  1.  To
diminish the actual mass of blood;—when it is
termed, by the  French pathologists, Saignee 4va-
cuative.  In  such case,  fluids ought not to  be al-
lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the tur-
gescence in  any particular organ—( (F.) Saignee
revulsive, Revulsive bloodletting or bleeding, Ve-
nasec'tio revulso'ria, when performed far from the
part affected; and Saignee derivative, when  near.)
3. To diminish  the consistence of the blood, (F.)
Saignee  apoliative.  The immediate  effects of
blood-letting are:  diminution of the mass of
blood and of heat;  retardation of the pulse, and
sometimes syncope.  Blood-letting from the veins
—phlebotomy, is  practised on the  subcutaneous
veins  of the  neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the
leg;  sometimes on those of the hand  or foot.
The necessary  apparatus  consists  of a bandage
or riband,  a compress  of rag, and a lancet or
phleam.
  The veins selected for the  operation, are, 1. In
the fold of the  arm, five; — the cephalic, basilic,
the two median, and the anterior cubital.  2. In
the hand, the cephalic and salvatella.  3. In the
foot, the great and little saphena.  4. In the neck,
the external jugular.   5. In  the forehead, the
frontal.  6.  In  the mouth, the ranine.  The ope-
ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed
by tying a circular  bandage round the limb, in
order  that the  subcutaneous veins may become
turgid by the  course of the blood being  ob-
structed : the bandage not being so tight, how-
ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb.  A
puncture is  made into the vein, and the desired
quantity allowed  to  flow.  The  ligature is now
removed, and a compress and retaining bandage
applied.  Capillary or local blood-letting is prac-
tised  on the skin  or  mucous membranes, by
means of leeches, the lancet, or cupping.
  Bloodletting, Capillary, see Bloodletting—
b. Derivative,  see  Bloodletting—b. Evacuative,
see Bloodletting—b. General, see Bloodletting—
b. Local, see  Bloodletting — b. Revulsive, seo
Bloodletting—b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting.
  BLOODLIKE, Sanguine.
  BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis.
  BLOODSHOT, Hyperasmic.
  BLOODSTONE, Haematites.
  BLOOD  VESICLE, Globule of the blood.
  BLOOD  ArESSEL,  (F.) Vaiaaeau aanguin.
vessel destined to contain and convey blood.
  Blood Vessel, breaking, bursting, ruptur-
ing of A.  Hasmorrhagia.
  BLOODAVEED, Asclepias curassavica.
  BLOODWORT, Sanguinaria Canadensis.
  BLOODY,  Sanguin'eua,  Cruen'tua,  Sanguin'-
eoua,  (F.)  Sanguin.   Having  the  character  of
blood.  Relating to blood.  See Sanguine.
  BLOOM, HONEY,  Apocynum  androsasmifo-
lium.
  BLOTA  ALBA, Bleta.
  BLOAY,  Ictua,  Plege, (F.) Coup.  Effect pro-
duced by one  body striking another.  The im-
pression made by any body which  strikes us, or
against which  we  strike; — a common  cause  of
wounds, contusions, fractures, Ac.
  BLOWING  SOUND, Bruit de Souffle.
  BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbasi.
  BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum  thalictroides,
L an tan a.
  BLUE BOTTLE,  Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus
segetum.
  BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas.
  BLUET DES MOISSONS, Cyanus  segetum.
  BLUSH, see Flush.
  Blush, Cutaneous, see Efflorescence.
  BOA, Boia.   An eruption of red, ichorous pim-
ples.—Pliny.   See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina.
  Boa Upas, Upas.
  BO.E, Syphilis.
  BOBERRI,  Curcuma longa.
  BOCHIUM, Bronchocele.
  BOCIUM, Bronchocele.
  BOOKLET,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
springs  of  Booklet,  in Bavaria, are  acidulous
chalybeates.
  BODY, Corpua, Soma, (F.) Oorpa; from (Teu-
tonic)  boden, the  'fundus  or bottom.'(?)  The
human  body is  the collection of organs which
compose the frame.  At times, however, body is
used synonymously with trunk.  We say,  also,
body of the femur, of the aphenoid,  Ac,  to desig-
nate the shaft  or middle portion of  those bones;
body of the  uterus, Ac.   Also, the rectum.
  Body, Coming down of the, Proctocele.
  BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist.
  BOE, Cry.
  BOELLI, Intestines.
  BOETHEMA, Medicament.
  BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata.
  BOIION  UPAS, Upas.
  BOIA, Boa.
  BOIL, Furunculus—b. Gum,  Parulis—b. Ma-
lignant, see Furunculus—b. AVasp's  nest, see Fu-
runculus.
  BOIS DE CAMPECHE, Hasmatoxylum Cam-
pechianum—b. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum — b.
de Couleuvre,  see Strychnos—b. de Maraia, Ce-
phalanthus  occidentalis—6.  de Plomb, Dirca pa-
lustris — b.  Puant, Prunus  padus — b.  de  Roae,
Rhodium lignum—b. de Sappan, Ca:salpinia sap-
pan—b. Sudoriflque, AVood,  sudorific.
  BOISSE, .MINERAL AYATERS OF.  These
waters are situate about half a league from Fon-
tenay-le-Compte, in France.  They are purgative, 
BOISSON
140
BONE
and  seem to  contain carbonate and sulphate of
lime and chloride of sodium.
  B0ISS0A7, Drink.
  BOITE, (F.)  A box or case, Capsa, Pyxis.
An apparatus for  the  reception of any matters
which it may be desirable to preserve.  In Sur-
gery and Anatomy Boites d dissection, B. d am-
putation, B. d trepan, B. d cataracte, Ac, mean
the cases containing these various instruments.
Boite du Crane is the bony case which receives
the  brain.   Boite  is,  also, the portion of the
stem  of the  trephine which  receives the pyra-
mid  or centre-pin.  Boite de Petit is a machine,
invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por-
tions of bone  in apposition, when the leg has been
fractured in a complicated manner.  Boite is, also,
a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re-
ceive the fasces, which are continually being dis-
charged.  The vulgar, in  France, give the name
Boite to various  articulations,—B. de genou, B.
de la hanche ; "knee-joint, hip-joint."
  BOITEMENT, Claudication.
  BOITIER, (F.) Appareil, Cap'sula unguenta'-
ria,  Capsa'rium.  A Dressing-case.   A box, con-
taining salves and different apparatus, used more
particularly by the dressers in hospitals.
  BOL, Bolus—b. d'Armenie, Bole, Armenian—
b. Blanc, Bolus alba.
  BOLA, Myrrha.
  BOLCIIOX, Bdellium.
  BOLE, Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant,
with  the  older writers, argillaceous earth, used
as an absorbent and alexipharmic.  The various
boles had different forms given to them, and were
stamped, as in the following:
  Bole  Arme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me-
nic, Argil'la ferrugin'ea rubra, A.  Bolus rubra,
Sinapi'sis, Arena'men, Bolus  Orienta'lia,  Bolua
Armeniaca, B.  Arme'nia, B.  rubra,  (F.)  Bol
d'Armenie.  A red, clayey earth, found not only
in Armenia, but in several countries of Europe,—
in Tuscany,  Silesia, France,  Ac.  It was onco
esteemed atonic and astringent, and was applied
as a styptic.   It  is now,  scarcely, if ever, used.
It consists of argil, mixed with lime and iron.
  BOLESIS, Coral.
  BOLESON, Balsam.
  BOLET ODORANT, Dasdalea suaveolens.
  BOLETUS AGARICUS, B. Laricis—b. Albus,
Boletus laricis—b. Discoideus, Dasdalea suaveo-
lens.
  Bole'tus  Esculen'tus,  (F.)  Morelle.   An
eatable  mushroom, found in the woods in  Eu-
rope, and much admired by Gastronomes.  It was
formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac.
  Boletus Fulvus, B. igniarius—b. Hippocrepis,
B. igniarius.
  Bole'tus Ignia'rius.   The  systematic name
for the  Ag'aric,  Agar'icus,  Agar'icum  of the
Pharmacopoeias, Agar'icus Chirurgo'rum, Agar'-
icua Quercus seu ignia'rius, Polyp'orua ignia'riua,
Ia'ca, Bole'tue ungula'tua  seu fulvua seu hippo-
crepia seu obtu'aua, Spunk, Am'adou, Punk, Fun-
gua Ignia'rius, Fungus Querclnus, Agaric of the
Oak,  Touchwood,  Touchwood  Boletus, Female
Agaric,  Tinder, (F.) Agaric de chene, Amadou-
vier.  It was formerly much used  by surgeons as
a styptic.
  Bole'tus  Lar'icis, B. Larici'nue,  Fun'gue
Lar'icie, Polyp'orua officina'lia, Agar'icus albus
seu Lar'icis, Polyp'orus officina'lis, A. Albus op'-
timus, B. purgans, B. albus, B. agar'icus, B. offi-
cina'lis,  White Agaric, (F.) Agaric blanc.  On
the continent of Europe it has been given as a
cathartic and emetic, as well as to moderate the ]
sweats  in  phthisis. — De  naen.   Externally,
styptic.
  Boletus  Obtusus, B. igniarius—b. Officinalis,
B. laricis—b. Purgans, Boletus laricis—b. Salicis,
Dasdalea  suaveolens — b. Suaveolens,  Dasdalea
suaveolens—b. Touchwood,  Boletus igniarius.
  BOLI MARTIS, Ferrum tartarisatum.
  BOLISMOS, Boulimia,
  BOLI'TES.  The mushroom;  perhaps the
Agar'icus Aurantiacus. — Pliny, Martial, Seuto-
nius,  Galen.  It was so  called, in consequence
of its shape,—from Bolus.
  BOLUS,  PwXos, a morsel, a mouthful, a bole,
(F.) Bol.  A pharmaceutical preparation, having
a pilular shape, but larger;  capable,  however, of
being swallowed as a pill.
  Bolus Alba,  Terra Sigilla'ta, Argil'la pul-
lid'ior : called sigilla'ta,  from being commonly
made into small cakes or flat masses, and stamped
or  sealed with  certain impressions.  (F.)  Bol
blanc,  Terre SigilUe,  Argile ochreuse pule.  It
was used like Bole Armenian, and was brought
from Etruria.   See Terra.
  Bolus,  Alimen'tary, Bolus Alimcnta'riua.
The bole  formed by the food, after it has under-
gone mastication and insalivation in the mouth;
and been collected upon  the tongue prior to de-
glutition.
  Bolus  Orienta'lis.  A kind of  bolar earth,
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in being
brought from Constantinople.  See Bole, Arme-
nian.
  Bolus Rubra, Bole, Armenian.
  BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.  The  inhabitants
of Chili use  this plant as a sudorific.   It is given
in infusion in cutaneous diseases.
  BOMBAX, Gossypium.
  BOMBEMENT, Bombus.
  BOMBUS, Au'rium fluctua'tio, A. Sib'ilua, A.
Son'itua, A.  Susur'rua, (F.) Bombement.  A kind
of ringing or buzzing in the ears;—characterized,
according to Sauvages,  by  the  perception of
blows  or  beating repeated  at  certain intervals.
Also,  Borborygmus.  See Flatulence, and Tin-
nitus  Aurium.
  BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum.
  BON,. Coffea Arabica.
  BONA. Phaseolus vulgaris.
  BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba.
  BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona.
  BON DUE, Gymnocladus  Canadensis.
  BONE, Os,  Os'teon,  Os'teum, (F.) Os, Saxon,
ban.   The bones are the solid and  hard parts,
which form  the basis  of  the  bodies of animals
of the superior classes; and the union of which
constitutes the skeleton.   The  human body has,
at the adult age, 208  bones,  without including
the 32 teeth, the ossa Wormiana, and the sesa-
moid bones.  Anatomists divide them, from their
shape, into 1. Long bones,  which form part of the
limbs,  and represent columns for  supporting the
weight of the body, or levers of different kinds
for the muscles to act upon.  2. Flat bones, which
form the parietes of splanchnic cavities; and, 3.
Short bones, met with in parts of the body where
solidity and  some mobility are necessary.  Bonea
are formed of two different textures ; spongy and
compact.  They afford, on analysis,  much phos-
phate and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate
of magnesia, phosphate of  ammonia,  oxides of
iron and manganese, some traces of alumina and
silica, gelatin, fat, and water.  The  uses  of the
bones  are mentioned  under each bone.   They
give shape  to the body, contain and defend the
viscera, and act as levers to  the muscles. 
BONEBINDER
141
BORBORUS
table of the  bones.
r             r
  Bones of the
   Cranium or  <
Bones of
  the
 Head.
Skull.
Bones of the  I
   Face.     1
Bones of
  the
 Trunk.
Bones of
the Up-
per Ex-
tremity.
   Teeth.
Bone of the  j
  Tongue.    j

Bones of the
   Ear.
Vertebral.
Sacrum ....
Os Coccygis ..
The Thorax.
The Pelvis.
The Shoulder.
 The Arm.
 Fore-arm.
Frontal...............1
Parietal..............2
Occipital.............1
Temporal.............2
Kllnnoiil..............]
Sphenoid  ...........j
Superior Maxillary.... 2
Jngal or Check........2
Nasal................2
Lachrymal............2
Palatine..............2
Inferior Spongy.......2
Vomer ...............1
Inferior Maxillary .... 1
Incisures ............. 8
Cuspidati.............4
Molares..............20
Hyoid................1
Malleus...............2
Incus  ................2
Orbiculare............2
Stapes................2
Cervical..............7
Dorsal...............12
Lumbar..............5
Carpus
  or
Wrist.
   | Metacarpus
{  ( Phalanges ■
f The Thigh.
Bones of
  the
 Lower
 Extre-
  mity.
The Leg.
< -i
Tarsus
  or
Instep.
  Sternum.............. I
  Ribs.................24
  Innominatum.........2
  Clavicle..............2
  Scapula...............2
  Humerus.............2
I Ulna.................2
I Radius................2
( Naviculare...........2
| Lunare...............2
| Cuneiforme...........2
j  Orbiculare............2
]  Trapezium............ 2
I  Trapezoiiles...........2
|  Magnum.............2
I  Unciforme............2
  ......................10
  ......................2ri
  Femur................2
  Patella...............2
  Tibia.................2
  Fibula................2
  Calcis Os.............2
  Astragalus............2
  Cuboides..............2
  Naviculare............2
  Cuneiforme...........G
  ......................10
              Metatarsus.................
         (_   ( Phalanges........................28
                                     Total, 240

  Bone-Ach,  Osteocopus — b.  Back,  Vertebral
column—b. Bar, Pubis, os—b. Blade, Scapula—
b. Boat-like, Os scaphoides—b. Breast, Sternum
—b. Crupper,  Coccyx.
  Bone Fever, see Inflammation.
  Bone,  Haunch,  Ilion—b.  Interparietal, Inter-
parietal bone — b. Rump, Coccyx—b. Share, Pu-
bis—b. Splinter, Fibula.
  Bonk  Nippers,  Osteul'cum,  Tenac'ula,  from
teneo, 'I hold.'  (F.) Tenaille  inciaive.  An in-
strument used for cutting off splinters and car-
tilages.  It is a kind of forceps, the handles of
which  are  strong, and  the  edges,  which touch
each other, cutting.
  BOXEBINDER, Osteocolla.
  BONE-DOCTOR, Renoueur.
  BONES ET, Eupatorium perfoliatum — b. Up-
land, Eupatorium sessilifolium.
  BOX C-SETTER, Renoueur.
  BONES. BRITTLEXESS OF THE,  Fragilitas
ossium—b. Friability of the, Fragilitas ossium—
b. Salt of, Ammonite carbonas — b. Softening of
the,  Mollifies ossium.
  BOX I FACIA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
  BONNE DAME. Atriplex hortensis.
  BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bonnes
is a village six leagues from Pau, in the depart-
ment Basses Pyrenees, France.  Here are several
thermal springs.  They were celebrated as early
as the time of Francis I., under the name Eaux
d' Arquebusade. They contain chlorides of sodium
and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime,
sulphur, and silica.  The temperature is from 78°
to 98° Fahrenheit.
  The factitious Eau de Bonnes is made of Hy-
drosulphuretted water, f^iv; pure water, Oj. and
f^ss; chloride of sodium, gr. xxx;  sulphate of
magnesia, gr. i.
  BONXET, Reticulum.
  BONNET A DEUX GLOBES, Bonnet d'Hip-
pocrate.
  BONNET  DHIPPOCRATE,  Cap  of  Hip-
poc'rates, Mitra Hippocralica, Fas'eia capita'lis,
Pi'leue Hippocral icua.  A kind of bandage, the
invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates.
It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over
the  head so as to  envelop it like  a cap.  The
French,  also, name  it, Bonnet d deux globes,
Capeline de la tete.
  BONNYCLABBER,  Clabber,  from  Irish,
baine,  ' milk,' and  clabar, ' mire.'   In  Ireland,
sour buttermilk.  In this country, the thick part
of sour milk.
  BONPLANDIA  ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia
febrifuga—b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga.
  BONTIA GERMINANS, Avicennia tomen-
tosa.
  BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum—b. Henricus,
Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
  BONY, Osseous.
  BOON UPAS, Upas.
  BOONA, Phaseolus vulgaris.
  BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria.
  BOOTIKIN.  A  glove with a partition for the
thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers—like
an infant's glove—made of oiled silk.—Dr. E. J.
Seymour.  Horace  AValpole speaks  in  raptures
of the benefit he derived from bootikins  in gout.
  BORACIC ACID, Ac" idum Borac"icum, Sal
scdati'vua  Homber'gi,  Boric  Acid, (F.) Acide
boracique.  An acid obtained from borax, which
was  once  looked  upon as  sedative.  It was also
called Acor Borac"icue, Sal vitrioli narcot'icum,
Sal volat'ile Boi'a'cia, and Florea Bora'cis.
  BORAGE, Borago officinalis.
  BORA'GO  OFFICINALIS, Buglos'sum ve-
rum, Bug. latifo'lium, Borra'go, Corra'go,  Bo-
rago horten'aia, Borage, (F.) Bourrache.   Nat.
Ord. Boragineas.   Sex.  Syst. Pentandria Mono-
gynia.  The leaves and flowers have been con-
sidered aperient.
  BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax.
  BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina.
  BORAX, Boras  Soda, Soda Bibo'raa, Subbo-
ras Soda, Boras  supersat'urus soda, Soda Bo-
raxa'ta, Chrysocol'la, Capie'trum auri, Subborate
of protox'ide of So'dium, Subprotobo'rate of So-
dium,  Boras  Soda alcalea'cena seu alcallnum,
Boras  superso'dicus, Borax. Ven'etus, Subbo'ras
Xa'tricum, Borax'trion, Nitrum factl'tiitm, Ac.
Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda, Borate of Soda,
(F.) Borate ou Sous-borate  de Sonde, Borate sur-
sature de sonde. It  is found in an impure state in
Thibet and Persia.   It  is inodorous; taste cool,
and somewhat alkaline; soluble in  12  parts of
water.   Borax is  seldom used except as a lotion
in aphthae.
  Borate op Mercury has been recommended
as an antisyphilitic.
  BORAXTRION,  Borax.
  BORBON'IA RUSCiFO'LIA. A small South
African shrub, used in asthma and  hydrothorax.
In decoction, it is given as a diuretic.—Pappe.
  BORBORUS, Fimus. 
BORBORYGMUS             142           ROUES DES EAUX
  BORBORYG'MUS, from PopPopvfw, 'I make a l
dull noise.'  Murmur seu Bombus seu Motus In-
testino'rum, Anile'ma, Anile'sis, Calopaoph'ia, In-
terna'tio intcstina'lis, Murmur ventris seu intesti-
na'le,  Borborygm, (F.)  Gargouillement,  Grouille-
ment d'Entra'dles.  The noise made by flatus in
the intestines.   This  happens often in health,
especially in nervous individuals.
  BORD,  (F.)  Margo, Edge, Margin.  Anato-
mists  have so named the boundaries of an organ.
Thus, the bones, muscles, Ac, have bords as well
as bodies.  The 'free edge,' bord libre, is one not
connected  with  any  part; the 'adhering edge,'
bord  adherent, one that is  connected; and the
bord articulaire, or ' articular margin,  or edge,'
that which is joined to another bone.
  BORD OILIAIRE,  Ciliary margin.
  BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
Near  this great city, in the south-west of France,
is a saline, chalybeate spring.  It contains oxide
of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides
of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and
sulphate of magnesia.
  BORE, Boron.
  B ORG NE,  (F.)  Goclea, Unoc'ulua, Luscus,
Luscio'sus.  One who  has only one eye, or sees
only  with  one.  The word has been used,  figu-
ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy.  See
Cascus.
  BORIUM, Boron.
   BORKHAUSENIA  CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
   BORN; past particle of bear, (F.) ne.   Brought
forth from the womb.
   Born Alive.  It has been decided by English
 judges, that  ' to be born alive,' means  that acts
 of life must have been  manifested after the whole
body has been extruded; and that respiration in
 transitu is not  evidence that a  child  was born
 alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence res-
piration may be a sign of life, but not of live birth.
   BORON, Bo'Hum, Borum, (F.) Bore.  A simple
 substance, the basis of boracic acid ; obtained, by
 heating potassium with boracic acid,  as a dark
 olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell.
 Heated  in the air or  in oxygen, it is  converted
 into boracic acid.
   BOR'OSAIL, Zael.  Ethiopian  names  for a
 disease, very common  there, which attacks the
 organs of generation, and appears  to have  con-
 siderable analogy with syphilis.
   BORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
   BORRI, Curcuma longa.
   BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa.
   BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Borse is
 a village in Beam.  The waters are chalybeate.
   BORUM, Boron.
   BOSA.  An ..Egyptian name for  a mass,  made
 of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water.  It
 is inebriating.—Prospero Alpini.
   BOSCHESJESMANSTHEE,  Methys  cophyl-
 lum  glaucum.
   BOSOM, see  Mamma.
   BOSSA, Plague token.
   BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance — b.  Nasale,
 Nasal protuberance.
   BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia.
   BOTAL FORA'MEN,  Fora'men Bota'le seu
 Botal Hi ; the  Fora'men ova'le,  (F.)  Trou de
 Botal, Trou  ovale.  A large  opening which exists
 in the foetus in the partition between the two
 auricles of the heart;  and by means of which
 the  blood passes from one to the other.  Its
 discovery is  generally attributed to Leonard Bo-
 lallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562.  It
 was  spoken  of, however,  by A'esalius, and  even
 by Galen.
   BOTANE, Herb.
   BOTANICAL DOCTOR, Herb-doctor.
  BOTA A"IQ UE MEDICALE,Botany,medical.
  BOT'ANY,  MED'ICAL,  Botan'ica  Med'ica,
Medicina Botan'ica, Phytolog"ia med'ica ; from
Poravn, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique Medicale. The
knowledge of  the properties, characters, Ac, of
those vegetables which are used in medicine.
  BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botargue.  A  preparation
made in Italy  and the south of France, with the
eggs and blood of the Mugilceph'alua or Mullet;
strongly salted,  after it has become putrescent.
It is used  as a condiment.
  BOTARGUE, Botargo.
  BOTHOR.   An Arabic term for abscess in the
nares.  It means,  also,  a  tumour  in  general;
especially those which' are without solution  of
continuity.
  BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  Botrioceph'alua la-
tue, Bothrioceph'alum, Botrioceph'alue, from |3o9-
ptov, ' a small pit,' and xetpaXn, ' head,' Ta'nia lata,
T. vulga'ria, Lumbri'cua latua, Plate'a, T. os'cnlis
lateral'ibus gem'inis, T. grisea, T. membrana'cea,
T. tenel'la, T. denta'ta, T. huma'na iner'mis, Hal-
ysis membrana'cea,  T. pirima, T.  os'culis lateral'-
ibus solita'riis,  T. aceph'ala,  T. osculis superfi-
cial'ibus,  T. a anneaux courts, T. non arme,  Ver
aolitaire, Broad Tape worm.   Common in Swit-
zerland, Russia, and some  parts of France.  It
inhabits the intestines of man, and extends to an
enormous length.  A broken specimen  has been
obtained 60 yards long.—Goeze.
  BOTH'RION, Both'rium,  from poSpos, 'a pit,
cavity,' Ac.   An  alveolus  or small  fossa.  A
small  deep ulcer on the  cornea.—Galen, Paulus
of jEgina. See Foaaette.
  BOTHRIUM, Bothrion, Foaaette.
  BOTHROS, Fovea.
  BOTIN, Terebinthina.
  BOTIUM,  Bronchocele.
  BOTOTHINUM.  An obscure term,  used by
Paracelsus to  denote the most striking symptom
of a disease :—the Floe morbi.
  BOTOU, Pareira brava.
  BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothriocephalus.
   BOTRION, Alveolus.
   BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA, Actasa race-
mosa.
   BOTRYS,  Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini-
fera — b.  Ambroisioides, Chenopodium  ambro-
sioides—b.Americana,Chenopodiumambrosioides
— b. Anthelmintieum, Chenopodium anthelmin-
ticum—b. Mexicana, Chenopodium ambrosioides.
   BOTTINE, (F.) A thin boot or buskin,  O'crea
le'vior. An instrument, which resembles a small
boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, Ac,
and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex-
tremities  in children.
   BOTTLE-NOSE, Gutta rosea.
   BOTTLE-STOOP. In Pharmacy, an arrange-
ment for  giving the proper inclination to a bottle
containing a powder, so as to admit of the  con-
tents being readily removed by the  knife, in dis-
pensing medicines.  It consists of a block of
wood  with a groove in the  upper surface, to re-
ceive the bottle in an oblique position.
   BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva.
   BOUBON,  Bubo.
   BOUCAGE MAJEUR, Pimpinella magna —
 b. Mineur, Pimpinella saxifraga—b. Petit, Pim-
pinella saxifraga.
   BOUOHE, Mouth.
   BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation.
   BOUES DES EA UX,  (F.) Bouce Mintrales,
 Balnea  Cozno'aa.   The  mud or swamp,  formed
 near mineral  springs, impregnated  with the sub-
 stances  contained  in  such springs, and conse-
 quently possessing  similar properties. The Boues
 are applied generally and  topically, in France,
 at the springs of St. Amand, BagnSres de Luchon, 
BOUES MIXER ALES
143
BOUTOXXIERE
Bagnols, Bar6ges; in the United States, at the
White Sulphur in Virginia, Ac.
  BOIES MINE RALES, Bones des eaux.
  BO I'FEE,  (V.) The small  eminence,  formed
by the junction of the two lips'.—Dulaurens.
  BOUFE/SSURE, Puffiness.
  BOUGIE, (F.)   A  wax candle:  Candel'ula,
Oande'la, C. ce'rea, Cande'la  medica'ta, Ce'reum
mediea'tum,  Cereolus  C hirurgo'rum,  Da'dion,
Specillum ce'reum,  Virga ce'rea, Cereolus.  A
flexible  cylinder, variable in  size, to  be intro-
duced into the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, Ac,
for the  purpose of dilating these canals, when
contracted.  A Simple Bougie is  composed  of
solid and insoluble substances; as plaster, elastic
gum, catgut, Ac.   It acts of course only mecha-
nically.
   Bougie, Med'icated,  (F.) B. Medieamenteuae,
has the addition of some escharotic or other sub-
stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caustic
Bougie, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus-
tic or Common Caustic  inserted in its extremity.
Ducamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of
the  urethra.  This  he  calls B. d ventre.  The
metallic  Bougie, invented by Smyth,  is a compo-
sition of metal, allowing  of great flexibility ; and
a hollow Bougie is one, with a channel running
through  it, to  be used in  the same manner as the
catheter, or otherwise.
   BOUILLIE (F.), Pultic'ula, Pap, from (F.)
bonillir,  ' to boil.'  Flour, beaten and boiled with
milk.  It is a  common food for infants.
   BOUILLON, (F.) from bouillir, 'to boil,' Jus,
Sorbit"io.   A  liquid food, made by  boiling the
flesh of animals in water.  The osmazome,  gela-
tin, and  soluble salts dissolve; the fat melts, and
the albumen coagulates.  Bouillon is nourishing,
owing to the gelatin  and osmazome.  The Jus de
 Via nth- is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared
of beef, mutton, veal, Ac.
   BOUILLON, in common language, in France,
means a round  fleshy  excrescence,  sometimes
seen in the centre of a  venereal ulcer.
   BOUILLON BLANC, \rerbascum nigrum.
   BOUILLONS MEDICINAUX ou  PHAR-
MACEUTIQUES,  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic
 Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me-
dicinal herbs.   The Bouillon aux herbes is gene-
rally composed of sorrel  or beet.
   BOUILLOX d'OS,  (F.) Bouillon from bones,
is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid,
in order  to dissolve the earthy parts.   The  gela-
tin, which remains, is  then boiled with  a  little
meat and vegetables.—D'Arcet. Bouillon,  how-
ever, can be easily obtained from the bones  of
roast meat by  simple coction.
   BO I 'ILL OXXEMEXT, Ebullition.
   BO CIS, Buxus.
   BOULE  DACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum—J.
dc Mars, Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Molsheim,
Ferrum tartarizatum—6. de Nancy, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
   BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba.
   BOULESIS, A'oluntes.
   BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim'ius, Bu'limus,
Bou'limos, Bulimi'asis, Bolismos, Eclim'ia, Fames
canlna,  Appeti'tus caninus, Appeten'tia  cani'na,
Adepha'gia, Cynorex'ia,  Orex'is cyno'des, Bupl-
na,  Bupei'na,  Phagce'na,  Phageda'na,  Fames
Bori'na, F. Lupin a, from Povs, 'an ox,'and Xipos,
' hunger;' or from /?», augmentative particle, and
Xtfios, 'hunger,'  (F.) Boulimie, Faim canine,  F.
dtvorante,  Polyphagie.  An  almost insatiable
hunger.  A canine  appetite.   It  is  sometimes
seen in  hysteria  and  pregnancy; rarely under |
other circumstances.                            I
  BOULIMIE, Boulimia.                      I
  BOULOGNE,   MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais,
Franco.  The waters are chalybeate.
  BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE  BE RIOLAN,
(F.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other
substances tied together. A name given, by some
anatomists, to the collection of  ligaments and
muscles, inserted into the styloid  process of the
temporal bone.
  Bouquet  Fever, Dengue.
  BOURBILLON, see Furunculus (core.)
  BOURBON-LANCY,  MINERAL  AVATERS
OF.  Bourbon-Lancy is a  small  village  in the
department  of  Saone-et-Loire, France;  where
there are thermal saline springs,  containing car-
bonic  acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron,
and silica.  Their heat is from  106° to 135°
Fahrenheit.
  BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINERAL
WATERS OF.   This town is in  the department
of Allier, six leagues west from Moulins, and
has been long celebrated for its  thermal  chaly-
beate  waters.  They contain sulphohydric acid,
sulphate  of  soda, magnesia, and  lime, carbonate
of iron, and silica.  Their temperature varies be-
tween 136° and 145° Fahrenheit.
  BOURBOXNE-LES-BAIXS,  MINERAL
WATERS OF.  These springs  are seven leagues
from  Langres,  department of  Haute-Marne,
France.  They are thermal and saline, and have
been long celebrated.  Temperature from 106°
to 133° Fahrenheit.  The Factitious  water, (F.)
Eau de Bourbonne-les-Bains, Aqua Borvonen'sis,
is composed of water, containing  twice its bulk
of carbonic  acid, f^jxxss; chloride  of  sodium,
fgj, chloride of calcium, gr. x,  Ac.
  BOURBOULE,  MINERAL AVATEES  OF.
A village near Mount d'Or, where there are two
thermal saline springs.
  BOURBAINE, Rhamnus frangula.
  BOURBONNEMENT,  Tinnitus annum.
  BOURDONNET, Pulvillue, P. e linamen'tia
confec'tua, P. rotun'dua, Dossil.  A term in French
surgery for charpie rolled  into a small mass of
an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds,
absorbing the discharge,  and  preventing the
union of their edges.  In cases of deep and pene-
trating wounds,  as  of the  abdomen  or chest, a
thread is attached to them by which they may
be readily  withdrawn,  and be prevented from
passing altogether into those cavities.
  BOURGENE, Rhamnus frangula.
  BOURGEON, Granulation,  Papula—6. Char-
nu,  Granulation.
  BOURGEONS,  Gutta rosea.
  BOURRACHE, Borago  officinalis.
  BOURRELET  (F.), A  Pad,  a Border.   A
fibro-cartilaginous  border, which surrounds cer-
tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid cavity
of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the
depth of those cavities is augmented.
  BOURRELET ROULE, Cornu ammonis.
  BOURSE d BERGER, Thlaspibursa—6. d
Pasteur,  Thlaspibursa.
  BOURSES, (LES,) Scrotum.
  BO URSO UFL URE, Puffiness.
  BOUTON, Papula—J. d'Alep, see Anthrax—
b. Malin, see Anthrax —6. d'Or,  Ranunculus
acris.           v
  BOUTOXXIERE (F.), Fissu'ra, Incia'io.  A
small incision made into the urethra to extract a
calculus from the  canal, when it is too large to
be discharged.
  Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the
peritoneum,  or above the pubis, to penetrate the
bladder in certain cases of retention of urine. 
BOVACHEVO
144
BRADYSURIA
  BOVACHEA'O, Datura sanguinea.
  BOVILLiE, Rubeola.
  BOArISTA, Lycoperdon.
  BOAVEL, Intestine.
  BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoscoliosis.
  BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollata, Gil-
lenia trifolinta. Leptandria purpurea.
  BOXBERRY, Gaultheria.
  BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi.
  BOX  TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida.
  BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida.
  BO YA U, Intestine.
  BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum.
  BRACHERIOLUM, Truss.
  BRACIIERIUM, Truss.
  BR ACHIA  COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of
the Cerebellum.
  BRACHIA  PONTIS,  see  Peduncles of the
Cerebellum.
  BRACHLEUS, Brachial —b.  Internus, Bra-
chialis anterior.
  BRA'CIIIAL,  Brachia'lia,  Brachia'ua,  from
Brochium, 'the arm.'  AVhat belongs to the arm.
  Brachial  Aponeuro'sis.   An aponeurosis,
formed particularly by expansions of the tendons
of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis  major, and del-
toides muscles, and  which completely  envelops
the muscles of the arm.
  Brachial Artery, Arte'ria brachia'lia, Hu'-
merol Artery,  (F.) Artere ou Trone  brachial.
The artery, which extends from the axilla, to the
bend of the elbow; where it divides into A. cubi-
talia and A. radialia.  It passes along the inter-
nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve
and between the accompanying   veins.  Under
the name Brachial Artery, M. Chaussier includes
the subclavian, axillary, and humeral, the last
being the brachial proper.
  Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mus'cuius Bra-
chia'lis  Ante'rior, Brachia'lia  internus,  B. anti'-
cus, Brachia'ua, Brachia'ua internus, (F.) Muscle
brachial interne, Humiro-cubital—(Ch.)  This
muscle is situate at the anterior and inferior part
of the arm, and before the elbow-joint.  It arises,
fleshy, from the middle  of the os humeri, and is
inserted into the coronoid  process of the ulna.
Use.  To bend the fore-arm.
  Brachial  Plexus, Plexus Brachia'lia,  is a
nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of the
anterior branches of  the  last  four cervical pairs
and the first dorsal.  It is deeply seated in the
hollow of the  axilla, and extends as far  as the
inferior  and lateral part of the  neck.  It gives
off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra scapular,
and the brachial (which are six in number,) the
axillary, cutaneous,  musculo-cutaneous, radial,
cubital,  and median.
  Brachial Veins are  two in number, and ac-
company the   artery, frequently anastomosing
with each other :  they terminate  in the axillary.
Under the term Brachial Vein, Chaussier in-
cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian.
  BRACHIALE, Carpus.
  BRACHIAL'GIA,  Neuralgia Brachia'lis,
from Ppa^wv, ' the arm,'  and aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain
in the arm, neuralgia of the arm.
  BRACHIALIS, Brachial—b. Anticus, Brachial
muscle—b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
—b. Internus, Brachial muscle.
  BRACHIERIUM, Truss.
  BRACHILE, Truss.
  BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm.
  BRACHIO-CEPHALIC  ARTERY,  Innomi-
nata arteria—b. Areins, Innominatas venae.
  BRA'CIIIO-CU'BITAL, Brachio-cubita'lie.
That which belongs both  to the arm and cubitus.
This name has been  given to  the internal lateral
ligament of the  elbow-joint;  because  it is at-
tached to the os brachii or os humeri  and to  the
cubitus or ulna.
  BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS,  from  PpaXiwv, 'the
arm,' and  xvXXwots, 'the act of making crooked.'
Curvature of the arm inwards.'  Paralysis or loss
of power from curvature of the arm.
  BRACHION, Brachiura.
  BRACHION'CUS, from Ppaxiwv,  'the  arm,'
and oyxos, ' a swelling.'  A tumour of the arm.
  BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL, Brachio-radia'lia. That
which belongs to the brachium and radius.  This
name has been applied to the external lateral
ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached
to the humerus and to the radius.  See Supinator
radii longus.
  BRACHIORRHEU'MA, Rhenmatia'mua bra'-
chii, from Ppa%iwv, ' the  arm,' and pevpa, ' deflux-
ion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the arm.
  BRACHIROLUM, Truss.'
  BRA'CHIUM, Bra'chion, Lacer'tue, (F.) Bras,
the arm.  The arm from  the shoulder to the wrist,
or the part between the shoulder and elbow. See
Humeri, Os.
  Bra'chium Ante'rius.  Jl rounded process,
which  passes from the anterior pair of the cor-
pora quadrigemina (nates)  obliquely outwards
into the thalamus opticus.
  Brachium Movens Quartus, Latissimus dorsi.
  Bra'chium Poste'rius.  A rounded process,
which  passes from the posterior pair  of the qua-
drigemina (testes)  obliquely  outwards into  the
optic thalamus.
  BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
  BRACHYAU'CTfEN, from PpaXvs, 'short/ and
avxnv,  'neck.' One who has a short neck.
  BRACHYCEPIPAL.E, (Gentes) 'shortheads,'
from PpaX"s, 'short,' and xeipaXn, 'head.'  In  the
classification of  Retzius, those nations  of men
whose  cerebral lobes do  not completely cover  the
cerebellum—as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians,

  BRACHYCHRON'IUS, from Ppay^ys, ' short,'
and X9OVOi> ' time.'  That which continues but a
short time.   A term applied to diseases which
are of short duration.—Galen.
  BRACHYGNA'THUS,  from  PpaXvs,  'short,'
and yvaOos, ' the under jaw.'   A monster with too
short an under jaw.—Gurlt.
  BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation.
  BRACHYPN(EA, Dyspnoea.
  BRACHYP'OTI, from Ppaxys, 'short,' and
norns, ' drinker.'  They  who drink little, or who
drink rarely.  Hippoc,  Galen, Foesius.
  BRACHYRHYN'CHUS; from PpaXvs, 'short,'
and pvyxos,  ' snout.'  A monster with too short a
nose.
  BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation.
  BRACING, Corroborant.
  BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina.
  BRADYJESTHE'SIA,  from Ppalvs, 'difficult,'
and atoQnais, ' sensation.'  Impaired sensation.
  BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
  BRADYECOIA, Deafness.
  BRADYLOG"IA, Bysla'lia; from Ppalvs, 'diffi-
cult, and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  Difficulty of speech.
  BRADYMASE'SIS,  Bradymasse'sia,  impro-
perly  Bradymaate'aia,  Manduca'tio  diffic"ilis,
from Ppalvs, 'difficult,' and pam/ats, 'mastica-
tion.'  Difficult mastication.  See Dysmasesis.
  BRADYMASTESIS,  Bradymasesis.
  BRADYPEP'SIA,  Tarda  cibo'rum concoc'tio,
from Ppalvs, ' slow,' and veirrw,  ' I digest.'  Slow
digestion.—Galen.  See Dyspepsia.
  BRADYSPERMATIS'MIS,  Bradybolia'mus,
Ejacuhltio sem'inis imped'ita, Byspermatis'mus,
from ppalvs, 'slow,' and oircpua, 'sperm.'  A slow
emission of sperm.
  BRADYSU'RIA,  Tenes'mue  veai'ca,  (F.) T6- 
BRADYTOCIA               14i
neame vtsical, from Ppacvs, 'difficult,' and ovptiv,
' to pass  the  urine.'   Painful evacuation of the
urine, with p. , actual desire to void it.  Dysuria.
  BRtDYTnriA, Dystocia.
  BRAG'GET,  Braggart, Bragwort.  A name
formerly applied to  a tisan of honey and water.
See Ilydromeli.
  BRA I, LIQUIBE, see Pinus  sylvestris — b.
Sec, Colophonia.
  BRAIN, Cerebrum—b. Fag, see Nervous dia-
thesis—b. Little, Cerebellum—b. Pan, Cranium.
  BRAINE, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Braine
is  a small village, three  leagues from  Soissons,
France,  which  has  purgative waters similar to
those of  Passy.
  BRAKE, COMMON, Ptcris Aquilina—b. Rock,
Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum—b.
Root, Polvpodium vulgare.
  BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus
fruticosus—b. Common,  Rubus fruticosus.
  BRAN, Furfur.
  BRANC-URSINE BATARBE,  Heracleum
spondylium.
  BRANCA  GERMANICA, Heracleum spondy-
lium—b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis—b. Arera, Acan-
thus mollis.
  BRANCH, from (F.) Branche, originally, pro-
bably, from ppaxiwv, 'an arm,'(?) because branches
of trees, Ac, go off like  arms.  A term applied,
generally, to  the principal division of an artery
or nerve.  The word is  commonly used synony-
mously with Ramus;  but often, with the French,
Branche signifies the great division; — Rameau,
Lat. Ramus,  the division  of  the branches; and
Ramuscules,  Lat. Ramusculi, the  divisions  of
these last.
  The French, also, speak of the branchea of the
pubis for the  Rami of that bone, branchea of the
Ischium for the rami of the ischium, Ac.
  BRANCHES BE LA  MOELLE ALLON-
GEE (PETITES) Corpora restiformia.
  BRANCHI, Brancha.  Swellings of the ton-
sils, or parotid,  according to some;—of the thy-
roid gland, according to others.
  BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.) BpayXta.  The gills or re-
spiratory organs of fishes, corresponding to the
lungs of  terrestrial animals.
  BRANCHUS, Ppayxos, Rauce'do.  A catarrhal
affection  of the mucous membrane of the fauces,
trachea,  Ac.—Galen.  Hoarseness.
  BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  BRANCIA, Altrum.
  BRANDY,  (G.)  Branntwein,  Dutch,
Brandwijn,  'burnt wine.'   Vinum  adus'tum
seu crema'turn,  Aqua Vita, (F.) Eau de vie, (S.)
Aguardiente.  The first  liquid product obtained
by distilling wine.   It is composed of water, al-
cohol, and an aromatic oily matter, which gives
it its flavour.  Brandy is a powerful and diffusi-
ble stimulant, and as such is used in medicine.
It has been also called Liquor Aquile'giua.   See
Spirit.
  Brandy, Apple,  see  Pyrus malus — b.  Egg,'
see Ovum.
  BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea.
  BRANKURSINE Acanthus mollis.
  BRANNTWEIAT, Brandy.
  BRAS.  See  Oryza.
  BRA S, Brachium—b. du Cervelet, Corpora res-
tiformia.
  BRASDOR'S OPERATION FOR  ANEU-
RISM.   An operation by ligature, proposed by
Brasdor,  which  consists in the application of the
ligature on the distal side of the tumour.
  BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Brasegur is a place  in  the diocess  of  Rhodez,
where there are cathartic waters.
      10
5                 BREAD

   BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis.
   Brase'nia Hydropel'tis, Brase'nia, S. pel-
 ta'ta, Hydropel'tis purpu'rea, Gelat'ina aquat'ica,
 Frogleaf, Little  Water Lily, Water Jelly, Water
 shield, Beerfood.  An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord.
 Ranunculace;c, Sex. Syet. Polyandria Polygynia,
 flourishing from Kentucky to Carolina  and Flo-
 rida; and covering the surface of ponds, marshes,
 Ac.   The fresh leaves are mucilaginous, and have
 been used in pulmonary complaints, dysentery,
 Ac, like Cetraria.
   Brasenia Peltata, B. Hydropeltis.
   BRASH, WATER, Pyrosis.
   Brash,  AVeaning,   Atroph'ia  Ablactato'rum.
 A severe form of diarrhoea,  which supervenes at
 times on weaning.  The  Maladie de Cruveilhier
 appears to be a similar affection.
   BRASILETTO, see Cassalpinia.
   BRASIIIM, Malt.
   BRASMOS, Fermentation.
   BRASS,  Sax. briar, Welsh, pr^s.  Aurichal'-
 cum,  Orichal cum, JEsecavum,   ChrysochaV'cos,
 (F.) Airain.  A yellow metal, formed by mixing
 copper with calamine.   The same general remarks
 apply to it as to copper.  See Cuprum.
   BRAS'SICA,  Crambe,  Bras'sica olera'cea :  B.
 capita'ta seu cuma'na of the old Romans.  The
 Cabbage, (F.) Ohou potage.r.  Family, Cruciferas.
 Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia Siliquosa.  Cato wrote
 a book on  its virtues.   It  is a vegetable by no
 means easy of digestion when boiled ; when raw,
 it appears to be more digestible.   When forming
 a solid globular  mass, like  a head, it is the  B.
 Capita'ta, (F.) Chou-Cabua,  Ghou Pomme.
   Brassica Canina,  Mercurialis perennis — b.
 capitata, Brassica—b. Cumana, Brassica.
   Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. hia'pida, Eru'ca, E.fve'-
 tida  seu  aati'va,  Sina'pis  eru'ca, Sisym'brium
 erueaa'trum, Garden Roeket, Roman Rocket, Ac,
 (F.) Ghou Roquette, Roquette.  This was consi-
 dered by the Romans an  aphrodisiac, — Colu-
 mella.  The seeds were ordinarily used.
   Bras'sica Flor'ida,—Bras'aica Pompeia'na
 of the ancients—the Cauliflower, Caulia Flor'ida,
 (F.) Chou-fleur,  is  a more tender and digestible
 variety.
   The Broc'coli, B. Sabellica of the Romans, B.
 Italica, belongs to this variety.
   Brassica Hispida,  B. eruca — b. Italica,  B.
 Florida—b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella.
   Bras'sica Napus, Napua Sylvestris, Bunias,
 Rape, (F.) Navette.  The seed yields a quantity
 of oil.
   Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra—b. Oblonga,
 B. rapa—b. Oleracea, Brassica—b. Pompeiana, B.
 Florida.
   Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da seu oblon'ga,
 Rapum majus, Rapa napus, Sina'pis tubero'sa,
 Turnip, (F.) Ghou navet,  Navet, Rave.  The tur-
 nip is liable to the same objeetion (but  to a less-
 extent) as the cabbage.
   Brassica Sabellica, B. Florida.
   BRATHU, Juniperus sabina.
   BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina.
   BRA YER, Truss.
   BRAYERA  ANTHELMINTIC^  Hageni*
 Abyssinica.
   BRAZIL AVOOD, Cassalpinia echinata.
   BREAD, see Triticum.
   Bread. Gluten. Bread made of wheat dough
 deprived of the chief  portion of its starch by
 washing.  Bread, made of gluten only, cannot
 be eaten, on account of its hardness-and tough-
 ness ;  hence one fifth of the  normal quantity of
 starch is  allowed to remain, and in this form tho 
              BREAD-FRUIT

bread is said  to be tolerably light, eatable, and
moderately agreeable.
  Bread, Household, Syncomistos.
  BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus.
  BREAST, Thorax, Mamma—b. Abscess of the,
Mastodynia apostematosa.
  BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass applied
to the nipple  to  receive the  milk when  secreted
copiously by the mamma.
  Breast,  Irritable, Neuralgia Mammas.
  BREAST-PANG,   SUFFOCATIVE,  Angina
pectoris.
  BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia Laetea.
  BREATH,  Sax. bpase,  Hal'itus,  Anhel'itus,
An'imus, Spir'itus, At'mos,  (F.) Haleine.  The
air expelled from  the chest at each  expiration.
It requires  to be studied in the diagnosis of tho-
racic diseases especially.  See Respiration.
  Breath, Offens'ive ; Fcetor Oris, Gatostoma-
tosphre'sia, Hal'itus oris fee' tidus, Oze. An offen-
sive condition, which is usually dependent upon
carious  teeth, or some faulty state of  the  secre-
tions of the air passages.  The internal use of the
chlorides may be advantageous.
  Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine—b. Short,
Dyspnoea.
  BREATHING AIR, see Respiration.
  Breathing, Difficulty  of, Dyspnoea.
  BRECHET, (F.)  The Brisket.  This name is
given in some parts of France to the cartilago
ensiformis,  and sometimes to the sternum itself.
  BRECHMA, Bregma.
  BRECHMUS, Bregma.
  BREDISSURE,  (F.) Triemua Capiatra'tua.
Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence
of preternatural adhesion between the  internal
part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by
the abuse of mercury.
  BREDOUILLEMENT,  (F.)  Tituban'tia.  A
precipitate  and indistinct mode of utterance, in
which  a part only of the words is pronounced,
and  several of the syllables  viciously changed.
This defect is  analogous to  stuttering,  but differs
from it in being dependent on too great'rapidity
of speech; whilst  stuttering is characterized by
continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of
the same syllables.
  BREED, Race.
  BREEDING,  Generation, Pregnant.
  Breeding, Cross.   The act of raising or breed-
ing from different stocks or families.
  Breeding-in-and-in.   The act of raising  or
breeding from the  same stock or family.
  BREGMA, Brechma, Brechmua, from  Ppexeiv,
'to sprinkle;' Fontanella,  Sin'ciput.    The top
of the  head was thus called, because  it  was be-
lieved to be humid in infants; and, according to
some, because it was conceived to correspond  to
the most humid part of the  brain.
  BREGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
  BRENNING, Burning.
  BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa.
  B R E P H 0 T ROPHE'UM,  Ecthelobrephotro-
phe'um, from Ppefos, 'a new-born child,' and rpo-
tpeiv, ' to nourish.'  A foundling hospital.
  BRESILLET, Cassalpinia sappan.
  BRE'VIA VASA, Short Vessels.  This  name
has been given to several branches of the splenic
arteries  and veins, which are distributed to the
great cul-de-sac of  the stomach.
  BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus.
  BRICK,  (F.) Brique.  Hot bricks are some-
times used to apply heat to  a part, as to  the ab-
domen iu colic, or  after the operation for popli-
teal aneurism; or, reduced  to  very fine  powder,
and mixed with fat, as an application to  herpetic
and psoric affections.
  Bricks, Fomacea  Testa  or Tiles  were for-
5               BROIEMENT

 merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used
 as a  specific in cutaneous affections.  They en-
 tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofuhpus hu-
 mours, Ac.   To the Terra Forna'euin, or Brick
 earth, the same virtues were assigned.
  BRICUMUM, Artemisia.
  BRIDE (F.),   A  bridle.   Fra'nulum, Reti-
 nac'uliim.  This term is given, in the plural, to
 membranous filaments, which are found within
 abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre-
 vent the exit of pus.  The term is, also,  applied
 to preternatural adhesions, which  occur  in cica-
 trices of the  skin, in  the urethra, or in inflamed
 serous or synovial membranes.
  BRIER, WILD, Rosa canina,
  BRIGHT'S  DISEASE  OF THE KIDNEY,
 see Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
  BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF.  The air of this
 fashionable watering place, on the south coast of
 England, is dry, elastic, and bracing.  According
 to Sir James Clark, its climate appears to the
 greatest  advantage in the autumn and early part
 of the winter; when  it  is  somewhat milder and
 more steady than that of Hastings. Accordingly,
 it is  adapted for  all cases in which a dry and
 mild  air  at this season of the  year proves bene-
 ficial.  In the spring months, owing to the pre-
 valence of, and its exposure to, north-east winds,
 the climate is cold, harsh, and exciting to the
 delicate.  It is well adapted for convalescents,
 and for  all who require a dry and  bracing sea
 air.
  BRIMSTONE, Sulphur.
  BRINE, Muria.
  BRINTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea.
  BRION, Corallina.
  BRIQUE, Brick.
  BRIQUEBEC, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 This  town is three leagues from Cherbourg,  in
 France.   The water contains chloride of iron.
  BR1SE-PIERRE  ARTICULE, (F.)  An in-
 strument invented by Jacobson for crushing the
 stone in  the bladder.
  BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristol!en'sis Aqua.
 Bristol is  about thirteen  miles from  Bath,  in
 England.  The water is an almost pure thermal;
 slightly  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides  of
 magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul-
 phate of lime, carbonate  of lime, carbonic acid,
 oxygen and azote.  Temperature, 74° Fah.  The
 Hot Well has been long celebrated.  Its action
 is like that of thermal waters in general.  The
 climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water
 has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul-
 monary consumption.  See Clifton.
  BRIZOCERAS, Ergot.
  BROAD, Sax. bpao, Latus, (F.) Large.  Any
 body  is  so  termed whose transverse  extent ia
 considerable  compared  with  its length.  The
 Broad Bones, such as the  frontal, parietal, occi-
 pital, iliac, aid in forming the  parietes of splanch-
 nic cavities.   Broad  Muscles generally  occupy
 the parietes  of cavities, and  especially those  of
 the chest and abdomen.   The epithet has also
 been applied to other parts—as to the broad liga-
 ments of  the womb, Ac.
  BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica.
  BROCHOS, Ppoxos, Laqueus.  A bandage.
  BROCH'THUS,  PpoX%s, Gula.  The  throat.
 Also, a kind of small drinking vessel.—Hipp.
  BROCHUS, Ppoxos. This name has been given
 to one who has a. very prominent upper lip.  Ac-
 cording  to others, it means one whose teeth pro-
 ject in front  of the mouth.
  BRO'DIUM.  A synonym of Jus or Jus'cnhtm.
 Broth, or the liquor in which  any thing is boiled.
 Brofdium salis—a decoction of salt.
  BROIEMENT, see Cataract, Laceration.
14 
              BROKEN DOSES

  BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken.
  BROKKN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma.
  BROMA, Aliment, Bromine.
  BROM ATO I- 0CRISIS, Lientery.
  BROMATOG'KAPHY, Bromatograph'ia, Bro-
mog'raphy,  Bromograpllia,  from Ppwpa, 'food,'
and ypatpn, ' a description.'   A description of ali-
ments.
  BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ia, Sitiology,
from jSpuj^a, 'food,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
treatise on food.
  BROME, Bromine.
  BROMEGRASS,  Bromus ciliatus —b.  Soft,
Bromus  ciliatus.
  BROMF'LIA AXA'NAS, called  after Olaus
Bromel,  a Swede.   Car'duus Brazilia'nus, Ana'-
uas ova'ta seu aculea'ta, Anas'sa, Capa-Isiak'ka,
Ana'nas or Pine  Apple.  A AVest  India  tree,
which produces the most delicious of fruits.
  Brome'lia Pinguin, Ana'nas America'na, Pin-
guin, Broad-leaved wild Anil nas, Ac. The West
India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The
fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very
austere.   It is used to acidulate punch.   A wine
is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi-
cating, and has a good flavour.
  BR.OMIC, Bro'micua: same etymon  as Bro-
mine.   Containing  bromine.
  BROMIDE OF  IRON, see Bromine —b.  of
Mercury, see Bromine — b. of  Potassium, see
Bromine.
  BROMIDRO'SIS, from Ppwuos,  'stench,' and
'tlpws, ' sweat.'  Offensive sweat.
  BROMINE, Bro'niinuin, Bromin'ium, Broma,
Bromin'cum, Bro'mium, Bro'mina, Bromum, Mu'-
rina, Muride, Brome.  A simple  body, of a very
volatile nature,  and highly offensive  and suffo-
cating odour, whence its name,  from Ppwpos,  'a
stench.'  It is met with chiefly in sea-water, and
in many animal and vegetable bodies that live
therein.  It has likewise been  found in many
mineral waters of  this and  other countries.   In
its  chemical relations, it may be placed between
chlorine  and iodine.  With oxygen  it forms an
acid,—the Bromic, and with  hydrogen another—
the Hydrobromic.
  Pure Bromine, Bromide  of Iron, (dose, gr. i
or ij,)  and  Bromide of Potassium,  have been
used  medicinally,  and chiefly in scrofulosis, —
internally, as well as applied  externally.  Bro-
mine  may be dissolved in forty parts of  distilled
water, and  six drops be commenced with as a
dose.   Bromides of Mercury (Hydrar'gyriBro'-
mida) have been given in syphilis.   The proto-
bromide  and  the  bibromide are analogous  in
composition and medicinal properties to the cor-
responding iodides of mercury.
  BROMIUM, Bromine.
  BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography.
  BROAIOS, Ppwpos.  One1 of  the cerealia, sup-
posed,  by some, to  be oats.   See  Avena.
  BROMOSUS,  Fetid.
  BROMUM,  Bromine.
  BROMUS CILIA'TUS,  B. purgans,  Brome
grass ; indigenous :  Order, Gramineae; is said to
be emetic,  and anthelmintic ( ?), cathartic and
diuretic   It purges cattle.
  Bromus Glaber, Triticum repens.
  Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass. The seeds
are  said  to  cause giddiness in man;  and to  be
fatal to poultry.
  Bromus Purgans, B. ciliatus.
  Bromus Temulentus, Loliura temulentum.
  BRONCIIES. Bronchia — b.  Ganglions lym-
phatiqiies des, Bronchial glands.
  BRONCHI. Bronchia.
  BRON'CHIA, Bron'chia,  Bronchi, from Ppoy-
jp>5, 'the throat.'   The  Latins  used the term
1               BRONCHITIS

 Bronchus, for the whole of the trachea; whilst
 they called its ramifications Bronchia.  Bronchia,
 Bronchia, and Bronchi, (F.) Bronchea,  now mean
 the two tubes, with their ramifications, which arise
 from the bifurcation of the trachea, and carry air
 into the lungs,—Can'nula pulmo'num.
  •Bronchia, Dilatation of the, Dilated Bron-
 chia.   The physical signs  of this  condition are
 the following :—Percuaaion usually clear, but not
 unfrequently less so than natural, although very
 seldom quite  dull.  Auscultation detects coarse
 mucous or gurgling rhonchi,  increased by the
 cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial
 or cavernous respiration, which is  often effected
 as if by a  sudden puff or whiff.  The resonance
 of the voice  is increased, but it seldom amounts
 to perfect pectoriloquy.   The most common situ-
 ations for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam-
 mary, or lateral regions.  They are almost always
 confined to one side.
  Bronchia, Obliteration or  Compression of
 the.   The inspiratory murmur on auscultation
 is weaker  or wholly suppressed over a limited
 portion of the chest; the expiration is generally
 more distinct and prolonged:  all the  other con-
 ditions  are natural.
  BRONCHUS, see Bronchia.
  BRON'CHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, Broil -
 chicus.  That which relates to the bronchia.
  Bronchial Arteries, (F.) Artirea Bronchiques.
 These are generally two in  number, one going to
 each lung.  They arise from the thoracic aorta,
 and accompany the  bronchia in all their ramifi-
 cations.
  Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronchiques.
 The Air-cells ; the terminations of the bronchia.
  Bronchial Cough, (F.) Toux bronchique, T.
 tubaire.  This  generally accompanies bronchial
 respiration.   They both  indicate obstruction to
 the entrance  of air into the air-cells.
  Bronchial Glands,   Glan'dula  Vesalia'na,
 Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandes bronchiques ou
 Ganglions lymphatiques des bronches, are numer-
 ous glands of an ovoid shape;  of a reddish hue
 in the infant, and subsequently brown  and black,
 seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func-
 tions are unknown.  The bronchial glands may
 be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when,
 in addition to  the existence of tumours in the
 neck, percussion  gives a dull  sound  under the
 upper  and central part  of  the  sternum, whilst
 there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs.
  Bronchial Nerves,  (F.) N'erfs bronchiques,
 are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses.
  Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial—
 b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory.
  Bronchial Veins arise from  the last divisions
 of the  arteries of the same name, and pass, on
 the right side, into the vena azygos; on the left,
 into the superior intercostal.
  BRONCHIC, Bronchial.   .
  BRONCHIECTASIS, Dilata'tio bronchio'rum,
 from Ppoyxos,  ' a bronchus,' and exraais,  ' dilata-
 tion.'   Dilatation  of one or more bronchial tubes
  BROXCHIITIS, Bronchitis.
  BROX'CHIOLE,  Bronchiolum,  Bronchiolus;
 diminutive of Bronchium  or Bronchus.  A minute
 bronchial tube.
  BROXCHIOSTENO'SIS.  from  PpoyXos, 'a
 bronchus,' and arevwtns,  ' contraction.'   Contrac-
 tion or narrowness of the bronchi.
  BRONCHITE  CONVULSIVE, Pertussis.
  BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchiltis,  Inflamma'tio
 bronchio'rum,  Catar'rhus Pulmo'num, C. bron-
 chio'rum,  Pleuri'tis hu'mida,  P.  bronchia'lis.
 Bronchos'tasis, Pulmonary  Catarrh, Anglnu
 bronchialis,   (F.)  Inflammation des  Bronches.
 Inflammation  of the lining membrane  of the
U 
BRONCHIUS
148
BRUCOURT
bronchial  tubes.  This  is always  more  or  less
present in cases  of pulmonary catarrh ; and  is
accompanied by  cough, mucous  expectoration,
dyspnoea,  and more or less uneasiness in  breath-
ing.  The  acute form is accompanied with all the
signs of internal inflammation, and requires the
employment of antiphlogistics followed by revul-
sives.  The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis,  Catar'-
rhus seni'lis, Rheuma catarrha'le,  Peripneumo'-
nia notha, Bronchorrhoe'a acu'ta,  Winter cough,
Chronic Catarrh, may be confounded with phthi-
sis ;  from  which it must be distinguished mainly
by the absence of hectic fever and of the physical
signs that are characteristic of the  latter, as  well
as by the  nature of the expectoration, which  is
generally  mucous, although at times muco-puru-
lent.   AVhen the expectoration is  little or none,
the bronchitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh,  (F.)
Catarrhe Sec.
  AVhen bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is
termed capillary bronchitis,  bronchitis capilla'-
ria, bronchoc'ace infantilis (1), and is often fatal
to children. Veaic'ular bronchitis is the term pro-
posed  by  MM. Rilliet and Barthez for the vesi-
cular pneumonia of children.
  Bronchitis, Catarrh—b. Asthenica, Peripneu-
monia notha — b. Capillary,  see Bronchitis — b.
Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Membranacea, Polypus
bronchialis—b. Plastic, Polypus  bronchialis —
b. Pseudomembranous,  Polypus bronchialis1—b.
Summer,  Fever, hay — b. A'esicular, see Bron-
chitis.
  BRONCHIUS, Sterno-thyroideus.
  BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis.
  BRONCHOCACE,  Peripneumonia notha —b.
Infantilis, see Bronchitis.
  BRONCHO-CATA.RRHUS, Catarrh.
  BRONCHOCE'LE, from PpoyXos, 'a bronchus,'
and xijXn,  ' tumour.'  An inaccurate name for the
affection which is called, also, Bo'chium,  Botium,
Hernia gut'turia, Guttur tu'midum  seu globo'sum,
 Trachelophy'ma, Hernia guttura'lis, Thyroce'le,
 Thyreoce'le, Tracheocele, Thyremphrax'is,  Thy-
reophrax'ia, Thyreon'cua,  Thyron'cus,  Deiron'-
cua, Deron'cua, Thyrophrax'ia, Goaaum, Go'tium,
Exechebron'chus, Gongro'na, Struma, Glans,  Bo'-
cium,  Her'nia bronchia'lis,  Tracheloce'le, Tuber
gutturo'aum, Gutte'ria, Ac, the Derbyahire neck,
Swelled neck, Wen, Goitre, Ac, (F.) Goitre,  Gou-
Hre,  Hypertrophic du  Corps Thyrdide, Groase
 Gorge, Gros Cou.  This  is no rupture, but  con-
sists of an enlargement of the thyroid gland.  It
is common at the base  of  lofty  mountains  in
every  part of the world ; and has  been supposed
to be  owing to the drin'king  of snow-water, but
it occurs where there is no snow.  The tumour
is sometimes  very extensive.  Iodine has  great
power  over it,  and will generally  occasion its
absorption, when the case has not been of  such
duration as to have ended in a cartilaginous con-
 dition.
   BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis.
   BRONCHOPARALYSIS,  Asthma.
   BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance.
   BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronchoplas'ticua, from
 Ppoyxos, ' a bronchus,' and ttXaoaw, ' I form.'  An
 epithet given to the operation for  closing fistulas
 in the trachea.
   BROXCIIOPNEUMO'NIA, from PpoyXos,  'a
bronchus,' and Pneumonia.  Inflammation of the
 bronchia  and lungs.
   BRONCHORRHCE'A,  (F.) Bronchorrhee, Ca-
 tarrhe pituiteux,  Phlegmorrhagie  pulmonaire,
 Flux  bronchique, from ppoyxos, ' bronchus,' and
 p£u>, ' I flow.'  An increased secretion of mucus
 from the  air passages, accompanied or not by in-
 flammation : — a gleet, as it  were, of the pulmo-
 nary mucous membrane.
  Bronchorriicea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic.)
  BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis.
  BRONCHOTOME, Bronchot'omua, from Ppoy.
Xos, and Tepveiv, 'to cut.'  A kind of lancet, with
a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle,
and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with
it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made
in the trachea.
'  BRONCHOT'OMY, Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bron-
chotomie.   Same  etymology.   A surgical opera-
tion, which consists in making an opening either
into the trachea, (Tracheot'omy:) into the larynx,
(Laryngot'omy:) or into both, (Tracheo-laryngol-
omy,) to extract foreign bodies or to permit the
passage of air to the lungs.  These different parts
are divided transversely or vertically, according
to circumstances.
  BRONCHUS, see Bronchia.  Trachea.
  BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabunga.
  BROOM, Sophora  tinctoria, Spartium scopa-
rium—b. Butcher's, Ruscus — b. Clover, Sophora
tinctoria—b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria—b. Rape,
of Virginia, Orobanche  Virginiana—b.  Spanish,
Spartium junceum—b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria.
  BROSSADIERE,  MINERAL  AVATERS
OF.   Brossardi&re  is a  chateau in  Bas-Poitou,
France.   The waters  contain carbonates of iron
and  lime,  chloride of sodium, and  sulphate of
lime.   They are aperient.
  BROSSE, Brush.
  BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth.
  Broth, Vegetable.  Take two potatoes, a car-
rot, and an onion, all cut fine;  boil in a quart of
water for an hour, adding more water from time
to time, so as to keep the  original quantity; fla-
vour with salt,  and a small quantity  of potherbs ;
strain.  A little mushroom catchup improves the
flavour.
  BROUILLARD, Caligo.
  BROUS'SAIST.  One who is a believer in, and
professor  of, the physiological and  pathological
opinions of Broussais.   The  system itself was
called Broussaism, or the Physiological Doc-
trine.
  BROAY, Front—b. Ague, Neuralgia frontalis.
  BROAVN RED, Colcothar.
  BROWN'IAN, Browno'nian, Bruno'nian.  Re-
lating to the system or opinions of John  Brown.
  BROAVNISM,  Bru'nonism, Bruno'nianism,
The doctrines of Brown.
   BROAVNIST,  Browno'nian, Bruno'nian.   A
follower of the  system of Brown.
   BRU'CEA  ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.  Called
after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller.  B. ferru-
gin'ea, Angustu'ra spu'ria, (F.) Fauaae Angus-
ture, A. Fcrrugineuse.  The systematic name  of
the plant whence was obtained—it was  supposed
—false Angustura or false Cusparia Bark.   It
is really the bark of Strychnos nux  vomica.
   BR U CIA, Brucine.
   BRUCINE,   Bru'cia,  Bruci'na,  Bruci'num,
Bru'cium,  Pseudangusturi'num,  Caniraml num,
 Vom'icine.  An organic, salifiable  base, disco-
vered in the false  angustura—Brucea  anti-dy-
aenter'ica, and obtained from Strychnoa nux vonl-
ica. It is of a pearly white; crystallizes in oblique
prisms with a  parallelogramniatic base; is very
bitter, slightly acrid  and styptic, and soluble  in
water, but more so in alcohol.  Brucia is a less
active poison than strychnia.   It  resembles  it,
however, and may be used  as a substitute for it
and for the extract of nux vomica.   Dose, half a
grain.
   BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
These  springs  are in Bavaria, and  contain car-
bonic acid and iron.
   BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS'OF.
Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen, 
BRUISE
149
BRUSH
in Normandy.  The waters contain carbonic acid,
chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much
sulphate of lime, Ac.
   BRUISE,  Contusion.
   BRUISE  ROOT,  Stylophorum diphyllum.
   BrUJISEWORT, Bellis saponaria.
   BIIUISSEMEXT, (F.)  Erem'itus.   This word
has much the same  signification as Bourdonne-
tnent, as well as Bruit.
   BRUIT, (F.)  'Sound.'  A French  term,  ap-
plied to various sounds heard on percussion and
auscultation, viz.
   BRUIT DE CRAQUEMEXT, B.de Tiraille-
ment, Bruit de cuir neuf, ' sound of crackling, or
bursting, or  of new leather.'   A sound produced
by the friction of the  pericardium, when  dried
and roughened by iuflamma.tion.
   BRUIT DU CiEUR  FtETAL, Battemcns dou-
bles; Double bruit du Coeur du Foetus.  The pul-
sations of the foetal heart heard  in auscultation
in the latter  half of utero-tristation.
   BRUIT DE CUIR  NEUF, Bruit de craque-
ment.
   BRUIT DE DIABLE, Ronflement du Diable,
Bruit de souffle d double courant,  'noise of the
diable or huinming-top.'  Venous hum.  A high
degree  of Bruit dc soufflet, heard on auscultating
the arteries or veins—probably the latter—of the
neck in chlorosis.   It  denotes an  impoverished
state of the blood.
   BR UITDO UBLE DUC(E UR B U F OUT US,
Bruit du Cteur foetal—6. de Frdlement, see Frole-
ment.
   BRUIT  BE  FROISSEMENT PULMO-
A7AIRE, see Froissement pulmonaire.
   BRUIT  DE  FR6LEMENT  PERICAR-
DIQUE, see FrSlement pcricardique.
   BRUIT DE FROTTEMENT ASCENBANT
ET BESCEXDAA'T,'Sound of friction of ascent
and descent.'  Sounds produced by the rubbing of
tho lung against the parietes of the chest, as it
rises and falls during inspiration and expiration.
They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the
pleura  has become  roughened  by the disease.
Friction  sounds, Rubbing sounds,  To-and-fro
sounds  are also  heard in pericarditis and perito-
nitis.
   BRUIT  HUMORI QUE,  B.  Hydropneuma-
tique.   The  sound afforded on percussion when
organs  are filled with liquid and air.
   BRUIT  HYDROPXEUMATIQUE,  Bruit
humorique.
   BRUIT DE MOUCHE (F.), 'fly sound.'   A
sound analogous to the Bruit tie diable—so called
from  its likeness  to the buzzing of a fly :—heard
on auscultating the neck in chlorotic eases.
   BRUIT MUSCULAIRE.  The sound accom-
panying the first sound  of the heart, referred by
some to  muscular  contraction.   Called,  also,
Bruit  rotatoire, in  consequence of its  having
been thought to resemble the rumbling of distant
wheels.
  BRUIT MUSICAL,  Sifthment module.
  BRUIT BE   PARCEIIMIX.   'Parchment
tone.'   A sound as if produced by two sheets of
parchment applied to each other.  It is  said to be
produced by thickening and rigidity of the valves
of the heart.
  BRUIT PLACEXTAIRE, B. de soufflet pla-
centaire, B. utcrin. Souffle uttrin, Souffle placen-
titis, Placental bellowa' aound,  Utero-placen'tttl
murmur, Uterine murmur.   The  bellows' sound
heard on auscultating over the site of the pla-
centa in a pregnant female.   It does not appear
to be owing to the placental vessels : but to the
uterine  tumour pressing upon  the  large vessels
of the mother.        ,  ,
  BR LITDEPOTFELE ;  ' Sound of a cracked
 vessel.'  This sound is heard on percussion, when
 a cavern in the lungs is filled with air, and has a
 narrow outlet.
  BRUIT DE RACLEMEXT, 'Sound of scra-
 ping.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard,
 solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each
 other.
  BRUIT DE RAPE, 'Sound of a rasp.'   A
 sound heard during the contraction of either  the
 auricles or ventricles.  It is constant; and  the
 contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than
 natural, and  emits  a  hard, rough,  and — as it
 were—stifled sound.
  It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices
 by  cartilaginous deposits, or ossification,  and is
 better heard near the apex of the heart, if  the
 auriculo-ventricular  valves be  concerned,—near
 the base if the semilunar valves be the seat of  the
 disease.
  BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit musculaire.
  BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw-sound,' and Bruit
 de lime a bois, or 'file-sound,' resemble the Bruit
 de Rape.
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU-
 RAXT, Bruit de Diable.
  BRUIT BE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle,
 'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.'  A sound like
 that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the  ear
 applied to the chest during the contraction of  the
 ventricles, auricles, or large  arteries.  It coexists
 with affections of the  heart, but is heard, also,
 without any disease in that organ, — whenever,
 indeed, an artery is compressed.   An Encephalic
 bellows' sound, has been described by Drs. Fisher
 and Whitney.  It is heard  on  applying the  ear
 to the occiput or to the  top of the head; and is
 considered to  indicate  turgescence of vessels, or
 inflammation.  AVhen  such turgescence exists,
 the vessels are compressed, and the compression
 gives rise to the sound in question.
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLET PLACEXTAIRE,
 Bruit  placentaire—6. de Tiraillement, Bruit  de
 craquement.
  BRUIT DE  TAFFETAS.  'Sound of Taf-
 feta.'  ' Sarcenet sound.'  A respiratory sound, so
 named, by M. Grisolle,  from its resembling the
 sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta;
 and which he considers to indicate hepatization
 of the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia.
  BRUIT TYMPAXIQUE, 'Tympanic sound.'
 The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto-
 mach and intestines when containing air.
  BRUIT UTERIX, B. placentaire.
  BRULURE, Burn.
  BRUXELLE,  Prunella.
  BRENNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dula,
 Glandula solita'ria,  Solitary glands,  Solitary
 follicles, Second  p>an'ereas.  Compound  muci-
 parous follicles, seated  between  the mucous and
 muscular coats of the stomach, along  the two
 curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum;
 so called from their discovery having been gene-
 rally attributed to Brunner.  The solitary intes-
 tinal follicles  are often known,  at the present
 day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner
 restricted the latter  term to the glands of the
 duodenum.
  BRUNOXIAX, Brownian.
  BRUNONIANISM. Brownism.
  BRUNUS, Erysipelas.
  BRUSCUS, Ruscus.
  BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well known
instrument, used  in medicine chiefly for the fol-
lowing purposes.  1.  To clean the teeth.   2.  To
remove the saw-dust  which adheres to the teeth
of the trephine, during the operation of trephin-
ing.   3. To rub the surface of the body, for the
purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans- 
BRUTA
150
BUBONULUS
piration.  Westring, a  Swedish physician,  has
recommended  metallic brushes for  the  purpose
of conveying galvanism to a part.  These brushes
consist of a plate of ebony fitted to another of
gold,  in which threads of the same metal are
fixed;—the brush being connected with one of
the poles of the galvanic pile.
  Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi.
  BRUTA,  Juniperus sabina.
  BRU'TIA.   A sort of  thick pitch, obtained
from Brutia, in Italy.  From Pix Brutia  was
obtained the O'leum P id num.
  Brutia, Instinct.
  BRUT1NO, Terebinthina.
  BRUXANELI.  A Malabar tree, the bark and
leaves  of which have a strong smell,  and are
astringent.  On the  coast of Malabar, its juice,
mixed with  butter, is applied to boils.  Its bark is
esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-arthritic
  BRUYERE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris.
  BRUYERES,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
Bruyeres is a small village,  7 J leagues  from
Luneville.  The waters are acidulous and chaly-
beate.
  BRYCETOS, see  Algidus.
  BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus.
  BRYCHETOS, see Algidus.
  BRYGMA,  Brygmus, Trisia, Priaia, Priamua,
Odontoprisis, Stridor Den'tium, (F.) Grincement
des Dents.  Grinding of the  teeth.   A  common
symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange-
ment, but often present when there is no reason
to suspect any.
  BRYO'NIA  AFRICA'NA.   A South African
remedy, common amongst the Hottentots, which,
in the form  of  decoction, acts simultaneously as
an  emetic, cathartic, and diuretic.   It is used by
the natives in cutaneous diseases,  dropsy,  and
syphilis.  The tincture is a powerful emetic and
cathartic.—Thunberg.
  BRYO'NIA  ALBA;  White Bry'ony,  Vitis
alba sylves'tris, Agros'tis, Agriam'pelos, Am'pelos
a'gria, Archeos'tris, Echetro'sis, Bryo'nia as'pera,
Cedros'tis, Chelido'nium, Labrus'ca, Melo'thrum,
Ophrostaph'ylon, Psilo'thrum,  Bryonia  Dioi'ca.
Ara,t.  Ord. Cucurbitaceas.   Sex. Syst.  Moncecia
Monadelphia.  (F.) Gouleuvree, Vigne vierge, V.
blanche.  The  root is large  and succulent, and
has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable taste. It
is a drastic cathartic.  Externally, it has been
applied, in  form of cataplasm, in gout.  AVhen
repeatedly  washed,  a good  starch  is  obtained
from it. The  active principle has been separated
from  it, and called Bry'onine.
   Bryonia Mechoacanna  Nigricans, Convol-
vulus jalapa—b. Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa.
   BRYONINE, see Bryonia alba.
   BRYONY, WILD, Sycios  angulatus.
   BRYTIA, Marc of grapes.
   BRYTON, Cerevisia.
   BU,  Pov,  abbreviation of Povs, 'an ox;' in com-
position expresses, ' excess,  greatness.'   Hence
Bulimus, Buphthalmia, Ac.
   BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
   BUBE, Pustule.
   BUBO, PovPwv, Pano'ehia, Panus inguina'lis,
Adenophy'ma  inguina'lis,  Bubontipa'nus, Bubo-
non'cus,  Bubon'cus,  Oambu'ca, Angus, Boubon,
 Codoce'le, Codoscella, (F.) Bubon,  Poulain.  In
the works of Hippocrates  and Galen, this word
sometimes signifies the groin—Inguen; at others,
the inguinal glands;  and at  others, again, swell-
ing or inflammation of these parts.  The moderns
apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated
in  the groin or axilla, and they generally distin-
guish,  1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is
 independent of any virus in the economy.  2.
Venereal. Bubo, (F.) Bubon venSrien, which is oc-
casioned by the venereal  virus.  3.  Pestilential
Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plague.  The last
two have by some been called malignant Bubo,
(F.) Bubon malin.
  Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif,  shows it-
self with the first symptoms of syphilis : the con-
secutive not till afterwards.
  BUBO A7, Bubo, Inguen—b. Gummiferum, see
Ammoniac gum.      ,
  BUBON DEMBLEE, (F.)  An enlargement
and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal
glands, not preceded by any other of the more
common forms of venereal  disease,  nor by any
other syphilitic symptom.
  Bubon  Gal'banum.   The  systematic name
of a plant which  has been supposed to afford
galbanum; Meto'pion, Mato'rium.  The plant  is
also called Fer'ula Africa'na, Oreoseli'num Afri-
ca'num, Anisum frutico'sum galbanif'erum, Ani-
sum Africa'num frutes'cens,  Sellnum Galbanum,
Agasyllis gal'banum, The long-leaved or lovage-
leaved Gal'banum. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferas.  The
plant can scarcely, however, be considered to be
determined.   Galbanum is  the gummi-resinoua
juice.   Its odour is fetid, and taste bitter  and
acrid : the agglutinated tears are of a white co-
lour, on a ground of reddish-brown.  It forms an
emulsion, when triturated with water, and is solu-
ble in proof spirits of wine, and vinegar: s.  g.
1.212.   It has  been given as an antispasmodic,
and expectorant, in pill or emulsion. Dose, from
gr. 10  to 60.  Externally, it is applied as a cata-
plasm.
  Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and
is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the
name of Wild Celery,  A  decoction of the leaves
is given in dropsy  and gravel.   According  to
Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes from
the stem,  differs in appearance,  smell, and  in
every respect, from Gummi Galbanum.
  Bubon Macedon'icum,  Athaman'ta Macedon'-
ica, Petrosellnum Macedon'icum, A'pium petra'-
um, Petra'pium, (F.) Persil de Macedoine, Mace-
do'nian Parsley.  Its properties  are  similar  to
those  of common  parsley, but weaker and less
grateful.   The  seeds are an  ingredient in the
celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriac
  BUBONA, Nipple.
  BUBONALGIA, from PovPwv, 'the groin,' and
aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in the groin.
  BUBOXCUS, Bubo.
  BUBO'NIUM, Aster At'ticus, Golden Starwort.
A plant anciently supposed to be efficacious  in
diseases of the  groin, from povPwv, 'the groin.'
  BUBONOCE'LE, from PovPwv, 'the groin,' and
xnXn,  'tumour,' 'rupture.'  Her'nia inguina'lis,
(F.) Hernde inguinale, In'guinal Hernia, or Rup-
ture of the Groin.   Some surgeons have confined
this term  to hernia when limited to the groin,
and have called the same affection, when it has
descended to the scrotum, Oacheoce'le, or Scrotal
Hernia.  The  rupture passes through the abdo-
minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater
size of the opening in the male, it is more fre-
quent in the male sex.
   BUBOXOXCUS,  Bubo.
   BUBONOPANUS, Bubo.
   BUBONOREXTS, from PovPwv, 'the groin,*
and pn!;is, ' a rupture.'   A name given to bubo-
nocele when accompanied with a division of the
peritoneum, or when, in other words, it is devoid
of a sac.
   BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'cuhis.   A diminutive
of Bubo.  A painful swelling  of the lymphatics
of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that
organ to the  groin.  It is an occasional accom-
paniment of gonorrhoea. 
BUBUKLE
151
BULBUS
  BUBUKLE.  A word used by Shakspeare for
a red pimple on the nose.
  BUBL'XCULUS, Bubonulus.
  BUCAROS, Terra Portugallica.
  BUCCA, Gnathos.  The  mouth.  The  cheek
and hollow of the cheek.  Also, the vulva.
  BUCCAC'RATOX,  from Bucca, and  xpaw, 'I
mix.'   A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which
served of old  for a breakfast.—Linden.
  BUCCAL,  Bucca'lia, from Bucca, ' the mouth,'
or rather ' the cheek.'  That which concerns the
mouth, and especially the cheek.
  Buccal  Artery,  A.  Sus-maxillaire,   (Ch.)
arises from the internal maxillary or  from some
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an-
tica, or the Alveolar.  It distributes its branches
to the  buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem-
brane.
  Buccal Glands, Molar Glands.  Mucous fol-
licles,  seated  in  the buccal membrane, opposite
the molar teeth.   They secrete a viscid  humour,
which  mixes  with the saliva, and lubricates the
mouth.
  Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane  Buccale.
The mucous  membrane, which lines the interior
of the  mouth.
  Buccal Nerve, or Buccina'tor Nerve, Bucco-
labial—(Ch.,) is given off by the inferior  maxil-
lary.   It sends its branches  to  the  cheek, and
especially to  the buccinator muscle.
  Buccal Vein follows the artery.
  BUC'CEA, Buccel'la.  The fleshy excrescence
of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed
to proceed from the mouth.—Paracelsus.   Also,
a mouthful.
  BUCCELA'TON, Bucccla'tus.   A loaf-shaped
cathartic medicine; made chiefly of  scammony.
—Aetius, Paulus  of iEgina.
  BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor-
rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed-
ing vessel.—Avicenna, Fallopius.
  BUCCINA, Turbinated bones.
  BUCCINA'TOR, from  buccinare,  'to  sound
the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor Muscle, Retrac'-
tor An'guli Oris, Bucco-Alveolo-maxillaire, Alve-
olo-labial — (Ch.,)  Manso'rius, is situate  in the
substance of  the cheeks.  It extends between the
posterior  portions of the alveolar arches of the
two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which
it draws backward.  It assists in mastication, by
pushing  the  food back towards  the teeth ; and,
if the cheeks be distended by  air, its contrac-
tion forces it out.
   BUCCO.   One who is  blub-cheeked, or wide-
mouthed.        ,
  BUCCO-ALVEOLO-MAXILLAIRE,  Bucci-
nator.
  BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve.
  BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL, Bucco-Pharynge'-
tw, (F.)  Bucco-Pharyngien.  Belonging  to the
mouth and  pharynx.  The  Bucco-pharynge'al
Aponeurosis  or Intermax'illary Lig'ament, ex-
tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro-
cess to the posterior  part of the lower alveolar
arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the
buccinator, and,  posteriorly, to  the  constrictor
pharvngis superior.
  BUC'CULA, from Bucca, 'the  mouth.'  A
small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the  chin.
—Bartholiuo.
   BUCERAS, Trigonella  fcenum — b. Fosnum
Gnecum. Trigonella fosnum Grascum.
  BUCUU, Diosma erenata—b. Leaves, Diosma
erenata,
   BUCKP.EAN,  Menyanthes trifoliata—b. Ame-
rican,  Menyanthes verna.
   BCCKBERRA'. A'aecinium stamineum.
   BUCKET  FEVER, Dengue.
  BUCKEYE, iEsculus hippocastenum.
  BUCKHO, Diosma erenata.
  BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus.
  BUCKAVHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum —b.
Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatum.
  BUCXEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica,
see Elephantiasis.
  BUCTOX, Hymen.
  BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogis-
ticum.
  BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum.
  BUG, (BED,) Cimex.
  BUGANTIA, Chilblain.
  BUG'GERY, Sod'omy, Sodom'ia, Co'itus So-
domit'icus, (I.) Bugarone.   Said to have  been
introduced by the  Bulgarians.  A carnal copula-
tion  against nature, as of a man or woman with
any animal; or of a man with a man, or a man
unnaturally  with  a  woman..   The  unnatural
crime.
  BUGLE, Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rep-
tans—b. Pyramidale, Ajuga/—b. Rampante, Aju-
ga reptans — b. AVater, Lycopus Virginicus — b.
Weed, Lycopus.
  BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis.
  BUGLOSS,  DYER'S,  Anchusa tinctoria —h.
Garden, Anchusa  officinalis—b. Upright, Ajuga,
  BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis.
  BUGLOSSUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS,
Anchusa officinalis—b. Latifolium, Borago offici-
nalis— b. Sativum,  Anchusa officinalis — b. Syl-
vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctorum, An-
chusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic  acid — b.
Arulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis.
  BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa.
  BUGRAA'E, Ononis spinosa—6. dea Champa,
Ononis arvensis.
  BUGULA, Ajuga—b. Chamaspitys,  Teucrium
chamaepitys — b.  Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b.  Rep-
tans, Ajuga reptans.
  BUIS, Buxus.
  BUISARD, MINERAL AVATEBS OF.  Bui-
sard is two  leagues  from Chateau-Thierry, in
France.  The water contains chloride of calcium
and  carbonate of lime.
  BULB, Bulbus, (F.) Bulbe.  A  name,  given
by anatomists to different parts which resemble,
in shape, certain bulbous roots.  The Bulb of the
Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta.  Bulb of a
Tooth;  the  vascular  and nervous  papilla con-
tained in the cavity  of  a tooth.   The Bulb or
Root of  the Hair is  the part whence the hair
originates.   The  Bulb  of the Urethra is the
dilated portion formed  by the commencement
of the Gorpus spongiosum towards  the root of
the  penis.  AVe say, also, Bulb,  for  Globe, of
the eye.
  Bulb of the Eye, see Eye—b. of the Female,
Bulbus  vestibuli — b.  Bachidian,  see Medulla
oblongata.
  BULBE, Bulb—b. du  Vagin, Bulbus vestibuli
— b. de la  Youte  d  trois Piliers, Mamillary  tu-
bercles.
  BULBI FORXICIS,  Mamillary tubercles—b.
Priorum  Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles.
  B  U L B 0 C A S T A X E U M, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum.
  BULBO-CAA'ERXOSUS, Accelerator urinas—
b. Syndesmo-caverneux, Accelerator urinas — b.
 Urethral, Accelerator urinas.
  Bl LBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
  BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva.
  B  U LB US, Bulb.
  Bulbus  Esculen'tus.  The Es'culent Bulb:
a particular kind, so denominated by the an-
cients.  It is  supposed  to have been the  Cepa
Ascalon'ica.—Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac 
BULESIS                  152             BURS.E MUCOSAE
  Bulbus  Glandulosus,  Proventriculus — b.
Oculi,  see  Eye — b.  Olfactorius, see Olfactory
Nerves — b. Pili,  see  Hair — b. Rachidicus, see
Medulla oblongata—b. Araginas, B. vestibuli.
  Bulbus Vestib'uli, B. Vagina, Plexus reti-
form'ia, Crura clitor'idis inter'na, Bulb or Semi^
bulb of the Female, (F.) Bulbe du Vagin. A close-
packed plexus of intricately anastomosing veins,
inclosed in a fibrous investment, — being  an im-
mediate continuation and extension of the piars
intermedia, and occupying the space between the
beginning or  vestibule of  the  vagina and the
rami of the  pubic arch. It is regarded by Louth,
Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt  as the analogue
of the  male  bulb.
  Bulbus ArOMiTo'Rius.  A plant, said by Dios-
corides to  be emetic  and  diuretic.  It is the
Musk-grape flower, according to Ray,—the Hya-
cinthus Muscari.
  BULESIS,  Voluntas.
  BULGA,  Vulva.
  BULIMIA, Boulimia.
  BU'LITHOS, from  Povs, 'an ox,'  and A.Soj,
' a  stone.'   A bezoar  or stone, found in the kid-
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox
or cow.
  BULLA,  (F.) Bitlle.  A Bleb.   A portion of
the  cuticle,  detached from the skin by the inter-
position of a transparent, watery fluid. It forms
the 4th order in AVillan's and Bateman's arrange-
ment of  cutaneous diseases, and  includes erysi-
pelas,  pemphigus, and pompholyx.   By some,
Bulla  has  been used synonymously with  Pem-
phigus.  See, also, Hydatid.
  BULLACE PLUM, Prunus invitia.
  BULLiE  ROTUNDiE CERVICES UTERI,
Nabothi glandulas.
  BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon.
  BUMELLIA, Fraxinus excelsior.
  BUNA, Coffea Arabica.
  BUNDURH, Corylus avellana.
  BUNIAS, Brassica napus.
  BU'NIOID, Bunidi'des, Na'piform; from Pov-
vtov, 'a turnip,'  and  eilos, 'resemblance.'  An
epithet for a form of cancer, bearing some resem-
blance to a  turnip.
  BUNION, Bunyon.
  BUNI'TES ArINUM.  A wine, made by in-
fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but
scarcely ever used.
  BUNIUM,  Carvi, Carum.
  Bu'nium  Bulbocas'tanum,  Povvtov, so
called, it has been supposed, from growing on
hills,  from Povvos, 'a hill.'  Balanocas'tanum,
Bu'nium  minus,  Sium bulbocastanum, Scandex
 bulbocastanum, Carum bulbocastanum.   The sys-
tematic name of  a plant, whose root is called
Pig-nut, Agriocaa'tanum, Nu'cula  terres'tris, Bul-
 bocas'tanum majus et  minus, Earth-nut,  Hawk-
nut, Kipper-nut,  (F.) Terre-noix.  The  root is
tuberous, and is  eaten raw or roasted.  It has
been supposed to  be  of use in strangury.  It is
not employed in medicine.
  BUNNIAN, Bunyon.
  BUN'YON,  Bullion, Bun'nian, from Povvos,
 'an eminence.' (? )    An  enlargement and in-
flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of
 the ball of the great toe.
  BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia.
  BUPEINA, Boulimia.
  BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria.
  BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthalmia, BuphthaV-
tios, Elephantom'ma, from Povs, ' an ox,'  and otp-
SaXpoc, 'an eye.'  Ox-eye.   Under  this  name,
the generality of  authors  have  designated the
first stage of hydrophthalmia.  Others, with Sa-
batier, mean,  by it, turgescence of the vitreous
humour,  which, by pushing the iris forwards,
forms around the crystalline a sort of border.
  BUPHTHALMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis
Pyrethrum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum.
  BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper-
vivum tectorum.
  BUPINA,  Boulimia,
  BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
  BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bu-
pleilron, Bnpleuroi'des, from Pov, augmentative,
and  nXevpov,  'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Percefeuille,
Round-leaved Hare'a Ear, Thorowwax. The herb
and seeds are slightly aromatic.  It was formerly
celebrated for curing ruptures, being made into
a cataplasm with wine and oatmeaL
  BUPLEVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
  BUR AC.   Borax.   Also,  any  kind  of salt,
(Arabic.)
  BURDOCK, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan-
thium—b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum.
  BURIAL ALIArE, Zoothapsis.
  B U RIS,  Hernia,  accompanied by scirrhous
tumefaction;   or, perhaps, a scirrhous  tumour
only.—Avicenna.
  BURN.  Sax. bernan or bypnan, 'to burn or
bren.' Us'tio, Ambus'tio, Adns'tio, Tresis Causia,
Erythe'ma Ambua'tio,  Causia, Encau'sis,  Pyri-
caus'tum,  Combustu'ra,  Catacau'ma, Combus'tio,
(F.)  Brttlure.  An injury produced by the action
of too great  heat on  the body.   Burns are of
greater or less extent, from the simple irritation
of the integument to the complete destruction of
the  part.   The consequences are more  or less
severe, according to the extent of injury, and the
part affected.   Burns  of the abdomen, when ap-
parently doing well, are sometimes followed by
fatal results.   Their treatment varies,—at times,
the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one
more stimulating.
  BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
  BURNET,  CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana-
densis.
  BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. A
solution  of chloride of zinc, first used  by Sir
William  Burnett for preserving timber, canvass,
Ac, from dry rot,  mildew,  Ac, and afterwards
as an antibromic and antiseptic, especially in the
case of dead  bodies.
  BURNING, Brenning.  A disease mentioned
by old historians, from which authors have un-
successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an-
tiquity of syphilis.—Parr.
  BURNING  OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn-
ing of the.
  BURNT HOLES.  A variety  of rupia, popu-
larly known in Ireland under this name; and not
unfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of
the poor.
  BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganiura ramosum.
  BURRIII  SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS.   The
Sp>irit of Burrhns for diseases of the Womb.  It
is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal  parts
of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic.   Boerhaave fre-
quently prescribed it.
  BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium — b. Pastoris,
Thlaspi bursa—b. Testium, Scrotum—b. A'irilis,
Scrotum.
  BURSiE  MUCO'SJS, Bursa muco'ea vesicu-
lates, Bursa seu Cap'sula synovia'les, Blenno-
eya'tidea, Sued muco'ai, Vesica  uuguino'sa len'-
dinum, Vagi'na  Synovia'les, Synovial  Crypts or
Follicles,  (F.) Bourses Synovialc*.  Small mem-
branous sacs, situate about tho joints, particularly
about the large ones of the upper and lower ex-
tremities, and, for the most part, lying under tho
tendons.  They are naturally filled with an oily
kind of fluid, the use of which is to lubricate sur- 
                  BURSAL

faces  over  which the tendons play.   In conse-
quence of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes
colle ts to a great extent.  The bursas are, gene-
rally, either of a roundish or oval form, and they
have been arranged under two classes, the sphe-
rical and the vaginal.
  Bi-rs,e Synoviales, Bursas mucosas.
  BURSAL, Burea'lia.  Relating or  appertain-
ing to bursa;,—as a ' buraal tumour.'
  BURSALIS, Obturator internus.
  BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera.
  Burse'ka Gummif'erA, B. acumina'ta, Tere-
binth'us gummifera, Jamaica Bark Tree.  A resin
exudes from this tree, which, as met with in the
shops, is solid externally; softish internally; of
a vitreous fracture; transparent; of a pale yellow
colour;  turpentine smell,  and sweet, perfumed
taste.  It has been used like balsams and tur-
pentines in general, and is called, by the  French,
Cachibou, Ghibou, and Reeine de Gomart.
  BURST, Hernia, Hernial.
  BURSTEN, see Hernial.
  BURSULA, Scrotum.
  BURTHISTLE, Xanthium.
  BURWEED, Xanthium.
  BURWORT, Ranunculus acris.  .
  BUSSANG, MINERAL AVATERS  OF.   Bus-
sang  is  a village in  the department of  Vosges,
France.  The waters are acidulous chalybeates.
  BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi.
  BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be-
zoar'dic Spirit of Buaeiua.  A preparation, re-
garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic;
obtained by distilling  subcarbonate and  muriate
of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, Ac.
  BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE  OF.   This
island is in the Frith of  Clyde, about 18 miles
below Greenock.  The climate is mild and equa-
ble, but rather moist;  and, as a winter residence,
it holds out advantages for those only  that ap-
pear to  demand such a condition of  the atmo-
sphere.   The  climate resembles, in  character,
that of  the  S. AV.  of  England and France, and
the Channel islands; although its temperature is
lower.
  BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythrlna monosper'-
ma,  Rudolph'ia frondo'sa,  see  Kino.  A  tree,
common in Bengal, and  in the mountainous parts
of India; Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosas;  from which
gum butea flows.  Dr. Pereira found this gum to
be identical with a specimen marked gummi ru-
brum aatringena—the gomme astringente de Gam-
ble  of Al. Guibourt.  By  some, this gum has been
confounded with kino.
  BUTIGA, Gutta rosea.
  BUTOMON,  Iris pseudacorus.
  BUTTER, from Povrvpov; itself from Povs, 'ox,'
and  rvpos,  ' any thing  coagulated.'    Buty'rum,
Pice'rion, (F.)  Beurre.  A sort of concrete oil,
obtained from the cream that forms  on  the sur-
face of the  milk furnished by the females of the
mammalia; especially by the cow and the goat.
Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the rancid
is  irritating.   The  ancient  chemists  gave  the
name Butter to  many of the metallic chlorides.
It. has also  been applied to vegetable substances,
which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob-
tained from milk.
  Butter of Bambouc  or Bambuc, (F.) Beurre
de Bambouc ou Bambuk.   A vegetable  oil  ob-
53                 BYTHOS

 tained  from a species  of almond, and used in
 Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
   Butter of Ca'cao,  Oil of Ca'cao, Oleum Ca-
 cao epieaa''turn, 0. Theobro'ma Cacao expres' sum,
 (F.) Beurre de Cacao, Huile de  Cacao.  A fat
 substance, of a sweet  and  agreeable taste, ob-
 tained  from the  Theobroma cacao, or chocolate
 nut.
   Butter of  Cocoa, (F.)  Buerre de Coco.  A
 fatty, concrete substance, which separates from
 the milk of the  cocoa nut.   It  is  sweet  and
 agreeable.
   BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
   BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris.
   BUTTERFLY'-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa.
   BUTTERMILK,  (F.)  Babcurre,  Lait de
 Beurre. The thin, sour milk, separated from the
 cream  by churning.  It contains  caseum and a
 little butter.   It is  a refreshing drink when
 newly made.
   BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris.
   BUTTOCK-HUMP,  Steatopyga.
   BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus  occidentalis.
   BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi-
 dentalis.
   BUTUA, Pareira brava.
   BUTYRUM, Butter —b. Amygdalarum dul-
 cium, Confection (almond)—b. Saturni, Unguen-
 tum plumbi superacetatis—b. Zinci, Zinci chlo-
 ridum.
   BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi.
   BUXTON,  MINERAL  AVA.TERS OF, Bux-
 tonien'eea Aqua.   Buxton is a village in  Derby-
 shire.  The springs are thermal, and about 82°
 Fahrenheit.   They contain  sulphate of soda,
 chloride of  calcium, chloride of  sodium, chloride
 of magnesium, carbonate of lime,  carbonic acid,
 and  azote.   They are used in cases in  which
 thermal springs, in general,  are  recommended.
 They contain little or no mineral impregnation.
   BUXUS, Buxus semper vl r ens.  The Box-tree,
 (F.) Buis ou Bouis.  The  leaves  are bitter  and
 aromatic, and,  as such, have been  used in medi-
 cine, in cases  of worms, dyspepsia, Ac, in the
 form of decoction.  They are sometimes, also,
 added  to beer.  The seed was  anciently called
 Carthe'gon.
   BYNE, Malt.
   BY'RETHRUM.  A sort of cap or Couvrechef,
 filled with cephalic substances.—Forestus.
   B Y R S A, Pvptra.  A leather  skin  to  spread
 plasters upon.
   BYRSODEP'SICON. A  tan stuff, with which
 C^elius Aurelianus sprinkled wool, which he
 applied in certain cases to the umbilical region :
 from Pvpaa, 'leather,' and lexpcw, 'I tan.'
   BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannin.
   BYSAU'CHEN,  from Pvw, 'I  stop up,'  and
 avXnv,  ' the  neck.'  A morbid  stiffness of the
 neck.  One with a short neck,—Simotrache'lus.
   BA'SSOS, Vulva.
   BYSSUS, Byssum.   The ancients  gave this
 name to several vegetable substances, which were
 used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for their
 fineness, colour,  and rarity of material.  It is
 now chiefly applied to  the filaments, by the aid
 of which the acephalous mollusca attach their
 shells to the rocks.  Byssus was  formerly also
 applied to the female pudendum.
   BYTHOS, p'vSos, ' depth.' An epithet used by
 Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach.
1 
CAA-APIA                154                 CACHLEX
c.
  C.  This letter in the chemical alphabet sig-
nifies nitre.   It is also sometimes used in pre-
scriptions for calx.
  CAA-AP'IA, Borste'nia Brazilien'sis seu cor-
difo'lia seu placentoVdes seu vitella.  The root,
according to  Piso,  is  employed as emetic and
anti-diarrhosic.
  CAA-ATAY'A.  A plant of Brazil, supposed
to be a  species of gratiola.  It is very bitter,
and  considered to be one of the best indigenous
cathartics.
  CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata.
  CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex bac'cifer Brazilien'-
sis.   A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder,
are  considered detersive.
  CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum.
  CAAPEBA, Pareira brava.
  CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum.
  CAAROBA.   A Brazilian  tree, whose  leaves,
in decoction, promote perspiration.  See Cera-
tonia,
  CABAL, Cab'ala, Cabal'la, Cal'bala, Caba'lia,
Kab'ala, Gaballa.   This word is from the He-
brew, and signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by
tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the
16th and 17th  centuries have spoken  much  of
this  species of  magic,  which they distinguished
into  Judaic or theologian, and Hermetic or medi-
cinal; the latter being, according to  them, the
art  of knowing the most  occult  properties  of
bodies by an  immediate  communication  with
spirits, — the knowledge being thus acquired  by
inspiration, and incapable of  inducing error.  It
was  also called Ars cabalis'tica, ' cabalistic art.'
  CABAL'HAU.  A plant of Mexico, according
to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to
white hellebore, and  yet is -used  for poisoning
arrows.  It is unknown to botanists.
  CAB'ALIST,  Cabalis'ta.   One  instructed  in
the  Cabal.
  CABALLATION, Cynoglossum.
  CABARET,  Asarum.  -
  CABBAGE, Brassica—c. Cow, Nymphasa odo-
rata—c. Irish,  Dracontium fostidum—c Skunk,
Dracontium  fostidum — c.  Swamp, Dracontium
fostidum—c. AVater, Nymphasa odorate—c. Tree,
Geoffrasa inermis—c. Bark tree, Geoffrasa inermis.
  CABBAGIUM, Geoffraea inermis.
  CABUREIBA, Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  CACjE'MIA,  Cacha'mia,  from xaxos, 'bad,'
and  'aipa, ' blood.'   A faulty or morbid condition
of the blood.
  CACESTHE'SIS,  Cacaasthe'sis, Cacoasthe'-
sis,   from xaxos, 'bad,' and aioQnais,  'feeling.'
Morbid sensation.   Morbid general feeling.  In-
disposition.
  CACAFERRI. Ferri subcarbonas.
  CAC'AGOGUE, Gacago'gua, from xaxxn, 'ex-
crement,' and  ayetv, 'to expel.'   An ointment,
composed of alum and honey;  which, when ap-
plied to  the anus, produced an  evacuation.—
Paulus of iEgina.
  CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria.
  CACA'LIA ANTEUPHOR'BIUM,  Anteu-
plior'bium.  A  plant, which Dodoens and others
considered to be capable of tempering the caustic
properties of  euphorbium.  It is also  called
Klein'ia.
  Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif-
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments.
  CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Caca'vi,  Quahoil, Cacava'ta.
The cocoa or chocolate nut; fruit of Theobro'ma
Cacao,  Co'coa Cacavif'era,  Ca'cao minor  seu
aatlva,  Cacao  theobro'ma;  Family, Malvaceas.
Sex. Syat. Polydelphia Pentandria.
  CACATION, Defecation.
  CACATORIA, Diarrhoea.
  CAC'ATORY, Cacato'riua, from cacare, 'to go
to stool.'  Febris cacato'ria; a kind of intermit-
tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua-
tions.—Sylvius.
  CACAVATA, Cacao.
  CACAA'I, Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
  CACCE, Excrement.
  CACCION'DE.  A sort of pill, chiefly formed
of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dysentery.
  CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from xaxos, 'bad,'  and
cipePorns, ' puberty.'   Morbid  puberty.  Disease
occurring at the period of puberty.
  CACHAN G-PARANG. A sort of bean of Su-
matra, mentioned  by Marsden, whose seeds are
given in pleurisy.  Jussieu considers it to be the
Mimo'sa acandena.
  CACHECTIC,  Cachec'tes, Cachec'ticus, same
etymon as Cachexia.  One  attacked with  ca-
chexia.   Belonging   to  cachexia.   Cachec'tica
remed'ia are remedies against cachexia.
  CACIIEN-LAGUEN, Chironia Chilensis.
  CACHEX'IA, from  xaxos,  'bad,' and 'e^ts,
'habit.'  Statue cachec'ticus,  Cachexy, Bysthe'sis,
(F.) Cachexie.  A  condition in which the body
is evidently depraved.   A  bad habit  of body,
chiefly the result  of scorbutic, cancerous, or ve-
nereal diseases when in their last stage.   Hence
we  hear of a Scorbutic Cachexia, Cancerous Ca-
chexia, Ac.  Sauvages and Cullen have included
under this head a number of diseases—consump-
tions, dropsies, Ac.   Cachexia has  been some-
times confounded  with diathesis.   Cachexia 1c-
ter'ica is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition
thereto.  Fluor albus is sometimes called  Ca-
chexia Uterina.
  Cachexia Africana, Chthonophagia—c Cal-
culosa,  Lithia—c. Cancerous, see  Cancer — c.
Chlorotic, Chlorosis — c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia—
c. Icterica, Icterus — c. Lymphatica farciminosa,
see  Equinia.
  Cachexia  Londinen'sis.   The paleness  and
other evidences of impaired  health presented by
the  inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is
seen in those of other crowded cities.
  Cachexia, Marsh, (F.) Cachexie paludeenne.
The state of cachexy observed in malarious  dis-
tricts.
  Cachexia Saturnine, Saturnismus.
  Cachexia, Scorbutic, see Purpura — c. Scro-
phulosa, Scrofula.
  Cachexia  Sple'nica.  The state of scorbutic
cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es-
pecially enlargement of the spleen, Splenal'gia
Bengalen'sis, in India.
  Cachexia Venerea, Syphilis—c. Venous, ATe-
nosity—c. Virginum, Chlorosis.
  CACHEXIE, Cachexia —c. Paludeenne, Ca-
chexia, marsh.
  CACHEXY, Cachexia.
  CACHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
  CACHINLAGUA,  Chironia chilensis.
  CACHINNA'TIO,  from  cachinno,  'I laugh
aloud.'  A tendency to immoderate laughter,  as
in some hysterical and maniacal affections.
  CACHIRI.  A fermented  liquor made, in Cay-
enne, from a decoction of the rasped root of the
manioc.   It resembles perry.
  CACHLEX. A small stone or pebble, found 
CACHOS
155
CADAVEROUS
on the sea shore.  One of these, when  heated in
the fire, and cooled in  whey, communicates an
a.-tringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently
esteemed to be useful in dysentery.—Galen.
  CACHOS.  An oriental fruit, apparently  of a
Solanum, which is esteemed lithontriptic.
   CACI/OU, Catechu.
   CACHRYS LIBANO'TIS.  An umbelliferous
plant which grows in Africa  and the South of
Europe.  It is aromatic and astringent. Its seeds
are extremely acrid.
   Cachrvs Maritima, Crithmum maritimum.
   CACIIUN'DE.  An Indian troch or pastile
composed of  amber, mastic, musk, cinnamon,
aloes,  rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds,
garnets, Ac.  It is regarded by the people of In-
dia as an antidote, stomachic and antispasmodic.
   CACO, xaxo, properly only an abbreviation of
kukos.   Hi  composition it means  something de-
fective ; as in the following words.
   CACOiESTHFSIS, Cacsssthesis.
   CACO-ALEX1TERIA, Alexipharmic
   CACOCIIO'LIA, from  xaxos, 'bad,'  and x°^i>
'bile.'  Diseases induced by a depraved condition
of the bile.
   CAC'OCIIROI, Cac'ochri, from xaxos,  'bad,'
and xp°"> 'colour.'   Diseases in which the com-
plexion is morbidly changed  in colour.
   CACOCIIYL'IA, from  xaxos, 'bad,' and ^uXoj,
'chyle'  Depraved chylification.
   C A  C 0 CIIY M' I A, Kakochym'ia, Oorrnp'tio
Iliinio'rum, from xaxos, 'bad,' and xvrt0^i 'juice,'
' humour.'   Cacoch'ymy.   Depravation  of  the
humours.
   Cacochymia  Plcmbea, Lead poisoning—c
Scorbutica, see  Purpura—c Scrophulosa, Scro-
fula— c. Arenerea, Syphilis.
   CACOCH'YMUS, Cacochym'icus. One attacked
with ca.....hvmia.  Belonging to cacochyniia.
   CACOCXE'MUS,   Cacocne'micua,  Mails  auris
pradltua; from  xaxos,  ' bad,'  and xvnpn,  ' the
leg.'   One who has bad legs.
   CACOCORE'MA, from  xaxos, 'bad,' and xoptw,
' I purge, or cleanse.'  A  medicine which purges
off the vitiated humours.
   CACODiE'MON, from xaxos, 'bad,' and laipwv,
'a spirit.'   An evil spirit, to which were ascribed
many  disorders.   The nightmare.
   CACO'DES, from  xaxos, 'bad,' and o£tiv, 'to
smell,'—male olens.  Having  a bad smell;  Caco'-
dia, (Jacos'mia.
   CACO DI A, see Cacodes.
   CACOETHES,  Cacoeth'icus, from xaxos,  'bad,'
and e9os, 'disposition, habit,' Ac.  Of a bad or
vitiated  character, as ulcus cacoe'thes, an ulcer
of a malignant character.
  CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes.
  CACOGALAC'TIA, Cacoga'lia, from  xaxos,
'bad,'  and yaXa, gen. yaXaxros,  'milk.'  A  bad
condition of the milk.
  CACOGALAC'TICA, same etymon as the last.
One who suffers from a bad condition of the milk.
  CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia.
  CACOGKN'ESIS, from xaxos,  'bad,' and ytvt-
ats. 'generation.'  A morbid formation.
  CACOMORPHIA,  Deformation.
  CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
  CACOPATIII'A, Pas'sio Mala, from  xaxos,
'bad,'  and iraSos, 'affection.'   A distressed state
of mind.—Hippocrates.
  CACOPHO'XIA, from xaxos, 'bad,' and tpwvn,
'voice,' vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition of
voice.
  CACOPLAS'TTC, Cacoplas'ticue, Bysplasmat'-
ic ; from xaxos, ' bad,' and vXaaaw, ' I form.'  Sus-
ceptible of only a low degree  of  organization, as
the indurations  resulting  from  low or chronic
inflammation, fibro-cartilage,  cirrhosis, Ac.
  CACOPRA'GIA,  Cacoprax is, from  xaxoc,
'bad,' and 7rparrw, 'I perform.'  Depraved con-
dition of the organic functions.
  CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia.
  CACORRHACHI'TIS, from  xaxos, 'bad,'and
paXts, 'the spine.'  Cacor'rhachis, Cacorhachia,
Cacorhachltis, Spondylalgia.   Deformity  of the
spine.   Disease of the spine.  Spontaneous luxa-
tion of  the vertebrae  and ribs  dependent upon
internal causes.
  CACORRHYTII'MUS, Arrhyth'mus, from xa-
xos, 'bad,' and pvSpos,  'rhythm,'  'order.'  Irre-
gular.
  CACO'SIS.  Mala  disposil'io, (F.) Vice.  A
bad condition of body.—Hippocrates.  A diseased
condition in general.
  CACOSIT'IA,  from xaxos, 'bad,' and  ainov,
'aliment.'  Disgust or aversion for food — Fas-
tid'ium  cibo'rum.
  CACOSMIA, see Cacodes.
  CACOSOMI'UM, from xaxos, 'bad,' and owua,
' the body.'  An hospital for leprosy, and incura-
ble affections in general.
  CACOSPERMA'SIA,  Cacosperma'tia, Cacos-
per'mut, from xaxos,  'bad,' and atrepua, 'sperm.'
A bad condition of the sperm.
  CACOSPHYXTA,   from  xaxos,  'bad,' and
c<pv!;is, 'pulse.' — Vitio'suspulsus.  Bad state of
pulse.—Galen.
  CACOSPLAXCH'NIA, from  xaxos, 'bad,' and
anXayxvov,  ' a viscus.'  Indigestion.   The ema-
ciation  dependent upon  imperfect digestion. —
Siebenhaar.
  CACOSTOM'ACHUS,  from  xaxos,  'bad,' and
trrofiaxos, 'the stomach.'  AVhat  disagrees with
the stomach.   Indigestible.-—Gorraus.
  CACOSTOMATOSPHRESTA,  Breath,  offen-
sive.
  CACOS'TOAIUS, from  xaxos,  'had,' and  trroua,
'a mouth.'   Having a had mouth.
  CACOTIEYMTA, Vit'ium An'imi, from  xaxos,
' bad,' and $vfios, ' mind,'  ' disposition.'  A vitious
state of mind.—Linden.
  CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  CACOTRICH'IA, from xaxos, 'bad,' and flpif,
rptXos, ' hair.'  Disease of the hair.
  CACOTROPIPIA, from xaxos, 'bad,' and rpotpn,
'nutrition.'—Vitio'sa nutril'io;—disordered nu-
trition.—Galen.
  OACOU, Cagot, Catechu.
  CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA,  Coucin'ea,  Coc-
cin'ea, Schouaba'a coccin'ea, Tikimma.  A peren-
nial twining  shrub of  South America, the plant
of which, as well as  the fruit, is possessed  of
emeto-cathartic properties.
  CACTIER, Cactus opuntia.
  CACTUS  OPUX'TIA, Opun'tia.  The Indian
Fig, (F.) Cactier, Raquette, Figuier d'Inde.  This
plant grows in South America,  Spain, Italy', Ac.
Its  fruit, which has the shape of the fig, is of a
sweetish taste, and colours the urine red  when
eaten.   Its leaves are  considered refrigerant.
  The  fruits of  different species of cactus are
called Tunaa.
  CADA'BA, Stroe'mia.  A genus of the family
Capparidea, natives of India and Arabia,   The
young shoots of the Cada'ba farino'aa are  consi-
dered to be an antidote against  venomous bites.
  CADA'A'ER, Ptoma, Xecron.  A dead body ;
a subject / a carcass,  (F.)  Cadavre.   The  word
has been supposed to  come  from cado, 'I fall;'
and by  some to be a contraction from caro data
vermibus, 'flesh given to the worms.' (?)
  CADAVEROUS.  Cadav'eric,   Cadar, ro'sus,
Xecro'dcs, (F.) Cadavereux.  Belonging to th^
dead body;  as  cadaverous  smell.   The Cadav'.
erous or Hippocrat'ic face (see  Face,) is an an 
CADDY  INSECT             156                  CAFE
favourable sign in disease, and generally denotes
a fatal termination.
  Cadav'erous or  Cadav'eric  Hyperemia.
The  hypostatic hyperemia observed in depend-
ing parts of the dead body.
  CADDY  INSECT, see Ectozoa.
  CADE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
  CADEJI-INDI, Malabathrum.
  CADEL-AVANACU, Croton tiglium.
  CAD I A.   An  Egyptian,  leguminous  plant.
The  Arabs attribute to  its fresh leaves the power
of relieving colic.
  CADIArA INSANIA, Epilepsy.
  CAD MIA, Calamina, Tutia.
  CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmiumsulphu'ricum,
Sulphas Cadmlcus, Mellni Sulphas, Klapro'thii
Sulphas, Klapro'thium Sulphu'ricum, Melinnm
Sulphu'ricum,  Sulphate of Cadmium.  Used in
spots on the cornea, and in chronic torpid inflam-
mation of the conjunctiva, in the quantity of half
a grain to a grain to the ounce of water.
  CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM,  Cadmii Sul-
phas.
  CADTCHU,  Catechu.
  CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua — c. Passio.
Epilepsy.
  CADU'CITY, Imbecil'litas,  Bebil'itae, Cadil-
citas, from cadere, 'to fall.'  The French use the
word Caducite for the portion of human life which
is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years.
The  age which precedes  decrepitude. It  is so
termed in consequence of the limbs not usually
possessing sufficient strength to support the body.
The  precise age must of course vary in  indi-
viduals.
   CADUQUE, Decidua membrana—c.Reflechie,
see Decidua membrana;—c. Vraie, Decidua mem-
brana.
  CADURCUS, Vulva.
  CAD US, xalos. A Greek measure equal to ten
gallons English.—Pliny.  Amphora.
  CiECA, FORAMTNA (ANTERIUS ET POS-
TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back  parts
of the tuber annulare of the  brain, and at the
extremities of the depression made by the verte-
bral  artery.  The former is placed between the
nerves of the third; and the latter between those
of the sixth pair.
  C,ECE  HJEMORRHOI'DES,  Blind  Pilea,
(F.)  Hemorrho'ides aveugles, are those unaccom-
panied by any discharge.
  CiECAL, Caca'lis.   Belonging to  the cascum,
from cacus, ' blind, hidden.'   The Cacal arteries
and  veins are the branches of the Arteria et vena
eolica dextra inferiores, distributed to the caecum.
  CICATRIX, Cicatrix.
  CE'CITAS,   Cce'eitas,  Cacitu'do, Ablep'sia,
Obcaca'tio,  Occaca'tio,  Anap'sia,   Ty'phlotes,
Typhlo'sis, Blindnesa,  (F.) Aveuglement, Cecite,
Perte de la vue.  Cascitas may be dependent upon
many different diseases, — as  upon  amaurosis,
specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, ophthal-
mia, atrophy of the eye, Ac.
   C.f.citas  Crepuscularis,  Hemeralopia — c.
Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia.
   CECITUDO, Cascitas.
   CECUAI, Caecum, Inteatlnum cacum, Monom'-
achon,  Monom'acum,  Monoco'lon,  Monocu'lum,
Typhlo'teron monoco'lon,  Typhlot'erum, Typhlo-
en'terum, Inil'ium inteeti'ni craaai, Saccua Intea-
tini craaai seu Coli, Cacum Caput coli, Caput coli,
Prima cella coli, Inil'ium extu'berana coli, from
cacus, 'blind.'  The Blind  Gut, so  called from
its being perforated at one end only.  That por-
tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be-
tween the termination of the ileum and  com-
mencement of the colon;  and which fills, almost
wholly, the right iliac fossa;  where  the perito-
neum retains it immovably.  Its length is about
three or four fingers' breadth.  The  Ileo-cacal
valve or Valve of Bauhin shuts off all communi-
cation between it and the ileum ; and the Apipen-
dix vermiformia caci is attached to it.
  Ca;cum Fora'men of the frontal bone is a small
cavity at the inferior extremity of the internal
coronal  crest or crista,— Fronto-ethmoidal fora-
men, (F.) Trou aveugle ou borgne. Morgagni has
given the same  name to the small cavity in the
middle of the upper surface of the  tongue, near
its base; the sides  of which are furnished with
mucous  follicles—Lacune de la langue—(Ch.)
  Cecum, Phlegmonous Tumour  of  the,  Ty-
phlo-enteritis.
  CiECUS.   'Blind.'   One deprived of  sight,
Typhlops, (F.) Aveugle, Borgne.   In anatomy, it
is  used  to  designate certain holes or  cavities,
which end  in a cul-de-sac; or have  only  one
opening.
  Blind Bucts of  the  Ure'thra, (F.)  Conduita
aveuglea de  lurethre, are the  Mucoua  Lacu'ntB
of the Ure'thra.
  CELA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica.
  CEMENTUM, Lute.
  C^RULEUM  BEROLIXEXSE,  Prussian
blue—c. Borussicum, Prussian  blue.
  CERULOSIS NEONATORUAI,  Cyanopathy.
  CESALPI'NIA,  Caaalplnia eoppan, Sappan
or Sanqjfen wood, (F.) Bresillet, Bois de Sapjpan.
A small Siamese tree, the wood of which is used
in decoction, in cases of contusion.
  Brazil wood, Pernambuco or Fernambuco wood,
formerly used as an astringent, is  the wood of
Cjesalpin'ia  Echina'ta.    This  is the proper
Brazil wood; but another variety in commerce is
the Brasiletto, from Casalpinia Brasiliensia, and
C. crista, which grow in the AVest Indies.
  The Nicaragua or Peach-wood  is analogous to
this, and is  said to be derived from a species of
Cassalpinia.
  The kernel of CjESALpin'ia  Bonducell'a, the
seed of which is called in  India Kutkuleja  and
Kutoo Kurunja, is  given as  a febrifuge  tonic.
Dose, ten grains.
  C^ESA'REAN  SECTION,  Casa'rean opera-
tion,  Tomotoc'ia, Oasa'rea  sectio, Partus casa'-
reus, Opera'tio casa'rea, Metrotom'ia,  (F.) Ope-
ration Cesarienne,  from cadere, ' to  cut.'  An
incision made through the  parietes of the abdo-
men and uterus  to  extract the foetus. In  this
manner, Julius Caesar is said  to have been ex-
tracted.—Pliny.  It is also  called Hysterotom'ia,
Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastrometrotom'ia,  Gastcrhys-
terot'omy, Gastrometrol ome, Gastrohy sterol amy,
(F.) Operation Ceaarienne.  An incision has been
made into the uterus through the vagina, consti-
tuting the  Vaginal   Caearean  Section, Gaetrely-
trotom'ia, Gastrocolpotom'ia, Laparacolpotom'ia,
Laparoe/ytrotom'ia,  (F.) Operation  ceaarienne
vaginale.  The  Cassarean  section  may be  re-
quired when the  mother dies  before delivery;—
when there is some invincible obstacle to delivery
from the faulty conformation  of the pelvis; or
when the child has passed into the  abdominal
cavity in consequence of rupture of the uterus.
   C2ESARIES, Capillus.
   CESIUS, Glaucoma.
  C^E'SONES, Ca'aarea.  Children brought into
the world by the Cassarean operation.
   CiESU'LLE.   They who have gray eyes.
   CESURA, Cut.
   CETCHU, Catechu.
   CAF, Camphor.
   CAFAL, Agrimony.
   CAFAR,  Camphor.
   CAFE, Coffea. 
CA FE
157
CALAMUS
   CAFE  A LA  SULTANE.  This name has
 been given to an  infusion or decoction  of the
 ground coques or  pericarps which surround the
 coffee.  A
   CAFE  CITRIN.  The aqueous  infusion of
 unroasted  coffee, so called on account of its yel-
 lowish tint.
   CAFE VER, Coffea Arabica.
   CAFFA, Camphor.
   OAF I Ell, Coffea Arabica.
   CAFUR, Camphor.
   C A G A  S' T R U M.  The principal or germ of
 diseases which are communicable.—Paracelsus.
   CAGXEUX, Cagot.  See Kyllosis.
   CAOOSANGA, Ipecacuanha.
   CAGOTS, (F.)  A name given to deformed and
 miserable beings, met with  in the Pyrenees, Bern,
 and Upper Gascony, in France, where  they a*re
 also  called Caputs.   In other  districts  they are
 called Gezits,  Gt'zitains, Cretins, Gahets, Capjona,
 Co/ilicrts,  Cacous,  Cagneux, Ac.  See  Cretin.  The
 word Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviation of
 Cania Gothus,  'Dog of a Goth.'
   CAG UE-SANGUE, Caquesangue.
   CAIIIXCE RADIX, Caincas radif.
   CAPE PUT  OIL,  Caj'eput oil, Kyaput'ty, Ca-
 jupu'ti O'leum.  The volatile oil of the leaves of
 Melalcu'ca Cajapu'ti, a native of the Moluccas.
 The oil  has a strong, fragrant smell, like cam-
 phor; taste pungent  and aromatic   It is  stimu-
 lant, and useful where the essential oils in general
 are  employed.  It has  also been called  Oil of
 Witncbcn,  from the person  who first distilled it.
   CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix.
   CA IL L FA U, Lantana.
   CAIL L E, Curds.
   C.ULLELAIT  BLANC, Galium mollugo—c.
 Vraie, Galium verum.
   GAIL LOT, Coagulum.
   CAINANA3  RADIX, Caincas radix.
   CAIN'CJE RADIX, Radix Chiococ'ca, R.
 Gaina'na  seu  Caninana  seu  Cahinca  seu Ka-
 hinca seu Serpenta'ria Brazilien'aie, Cuinca Root.
 The bark of the roots of Ghiococc'a  anguif'uga,
 Ch. densifo'lia, and, perhaps, Ch. racemo'sa,  a
 plant of the Family Rubiaceas. Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria Monogynia, of  Linnasus.  It is  bitter,
 tonic, and  diuretic, but  has not been long intro-
 duced.  Dose  of the powder, from 3.) to  (^ss.
   Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, considers
 there is a remarkable analogy between the Cain-
 ca and the Apocynum cannabinum.
   CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito.
   CAIPA  SCIIORA.  A cucurbitaceous Malabar
 plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform shape.
 The juice is drunk in that country for the pur-
 pose of arresting  hiccough.    The  fruit,  when
 unripe, is emetic
   CAISSE, Case—c. du Tambour, Tympanum.
   CAITCHU, Catechu.
   CA.IAN, Phaseolus creticus.
   CA.IUPUTI, Cajeput.
   CAKES, AVORAI, STORY'S.   These were
 composed of calomel and jalap,  made into cakes,
 and coloured with cinnabar.
   CALABASH  TREE,  NARROW-LEAVED,
 Creseentia  Cujete.
   CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Arum  escu-
lentum.
   CALAF, Salix sEgyptiaea.   A large-leaved
Egyptian  willow,  called, also,  Ban.  The dis-
tilled water of the  flowers, called  Macahalef,
passes, in  that country, for an excellent ant-
aphrodisiac.  It is also  used as an  antiloimic,
antiseptic, and cordial.
  CALAGUALA. see  Calagualas radix.
  CALAGERI, A'ernonia anthelmintica.
  CALAG1RAH, A'ernonia anthelmintica.
   CALAGUA'LiE RADIX, Calague'la Radix.
 The root of Polypo'dium Galagua'la seu adianti-
 for'me seu coria'ceum seu ammifo'lium  seu ar-
 gen'teum seu pol'itum, Aspid'ium coria'ceum sou
 ferrugin'eum  seu  dia'color, Tecta'ria calalniala
 seu ferrugin'ea,  Calaguala, Calahuala.  It has
 been exhibited in Italy in dropsy, pleurisy, con-
 tusions, abscesses, Ac.  Its properties  are  not,
 however, clear.
   CALAHUALA, see Calagualas radix.
   CALAMANDRINA, Teucrium chamasdrys.
   CALAMBAC, Agallochum.
   CALAMBOUK, Agallochum
   CALAME'DON, from xaXapos, 'a reed.'  This
 word has had various significations.  Some have
 used it for an oblique fracture of a bone; the
 fractured portions  having the shape of  the nib
 of a pen.  Others have used it for a longitudinal
 fracture; and others, again, for  one that is com-
 minuted.
   CALAMI'NA,  Calamine, from calamus,  'a
 reed,'  so called from its  reed-like appearance.
 Cadmi'a,  Gathmir,  Cadmi'a  lapido'aa   aero'ea,
 Cadmi'a Fos'si/is, Lapis Aero'sus, Calim'ia, La-
 pis Calamina'ris,  Galamina'ris,  Car'bonas Zinci
 impu'rus, (F.) Pierre calaminaire.  Native  im-
 pure carbonate of zinc.  Calamine is chiefly used
 for pharmaceutical purposes in  the form of the
 Calamina pr^epara'ta, Lapis Calamina'rispra-
 para'tus, Car'bonas  zinci impu'rus prapara'tus,
 Zinci car'bonas prapara'tus, Prepared Calamine ;
 —Calamine reduced to an impalpable powder by
 roasting and levigation.   In  this  state it  is
 sprinkled or dusted on excoriated parts, or to
 prevent excoriation, Ac.
   CALAMINARIS, Calamina.
   CALAMINT,  Melissa Calamintha —c. Field,
 Melissa nepeta—c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora
 —c Spotted, Melissa nepeta.
   CALAMINTA HUMILIOR,  Glecoma hede-
 racea.
 _  CALAMINTHA, Melissa C—c. Anglica, Me-
 lissa nepeta—c Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari-
 ana— c.  Hederacea, Glechoma hederaeea—c.
 Magno flore,  Melissa grandiflora — c. Montana,
 Melissa grandiflora—c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta.—
 c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — c. Pulegii odore,
 Melissa nepeta—c Trichotoma, Melissa nepeta.
   CAL'AMUS, xaXaptos, 'the reed.' In the Phar-
 macopoeia  of  the  U. S.  the rhizoma of acorus
 calamus.
   Calamus Alexandri'nus.  Celsus has thus
 caUed  a medicine,  which was long confounded
 with  Calamus Aromaticus.  It  is not  a root,
 however, but the stalk of a plant  of India and
 Egypt,  probably  the Andropo'gon Nardus.  It
 entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded
 as antihysteric and emmenagogue;—Calamus
 aromaticua verua.
   Calamus Aromaticus, Acorus  calamus — c.
 Aromaticus verus,  Calamus Alexandrinus — c.
 Draco, C. rotang — c. Indicus,  see Saccharum —
 c  Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus.
   Calamus Rotang, C. Braco.  The systematic
 name of a  plant, whence  Dragon's Blood, San-
guis Braco'nis, Cinnab'aria Graco'rum, Dracon-
tha'ma, (F.)  Sang-Dragon, is procured.  It is
the red, resinous juice,  obtained, in India, from
wounding the bark of the Calamus Rotang.  It
has been used as an astringent in hemorrhages,
 Ac.; but is now rarely employed.
  Calamus Scripto'rius, Anag'lyphe, 'a writing
pen,' (F.) Fossette  angulaire du  quatrieme ven-
tricule.  A small,  angular cavity, situate  at the
superior extremity  of the medulla, in the fourth
ventricle of the brain, which has been, by ?oiae,
supposed to resemble a pen.
  Calamus A'ulgaris, Acorus  calamus. 
CALAPPITE
158       CALCIS BICHLORURETUM
  CALAPPITE.  Rumphius has given this name
to calculous concretions, found in the interior of
certain cocoa nuts. The cocoa tree itself the Ma-
lays call Calappa.   These stones are, likewise,
termed  Vegetabls Bezoards.   The Malays attri-
bute potent virtues  to them, and wear  them as
amulets.
  CALASAA7A.  Cinchonas cordifolias cortex.
  C ALB ALA, Cabal.
  CALBIA'NUM.   The name of a  plaster in
Myrepsus,  the composition  of which we know
not.
  CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas.
  CALCAIRE,  Calcareous.
  CALCA'NEAL, Calca'neus,  from calx,  'the
heel.'   Having  relation to the  calcaneum, as
' calcaneal arteries.'
  CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN  DU  PETIT
 ORTEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis—c. Pha-
langinien  commun,  Extensor  brevis digitorum
pedis — c. Sous-phalangettien  commun, Flexor
brevis  digitorum pedis — c.  Sous-Phalanginien
commun, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis—c.  Sous-
phalangien du petit orteil, see Abductor minimi
digiti pedis — c. Sus-phalangettien  commun, Ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis.
  CALCA'NEUM, from calx, 'the heel.' Calca'-
 neus, Calcar, Cal'cia, Ichnus,  Os Calcis, Pterna,
 Pter'ninm. The largest of the tarsal bones : that
 which forms the heel.   It is situate at the poste-
 rior and inferior part of the foot; is articulated
 above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus;
 anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides.  Its poste-
 rior surface,—called Heel, Talus, Calx, (F.)  Ta-
 lon,—gives attachment to the tendo-achiilis : the
 lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which
 the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are
 attached.  The small Apoph'ysis or lateral Apoph-
 ysis  of the  Calca'neum, (F.) Petit Apophyse ou
 Apophyse laterale du Calcaneum, is  a projection
 at  the upper surface  of this bone, on which  is
 formed the  posterior  portion of the cavity that
 receives the astragalus.  The great Apoph'ysis,
 anterior  Apoph'ysis of the  Calca'neum, is the
 projection which corresponds, on one side, with
 the cuboides; and  on  the other forms the ante-
 rior part of  the facette which receives the astra-
 galus.
    CALCANTHON, Atramentum.
    CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot—c. Avis, Hippo-
  campus minor.
    CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius; from
  calx, 'lime.' (F.) Calcaire.  Containing lime :—
  as calcareous concretions, 0. depositions, Ac.
    CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Crete.
    CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum
  —c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum—c.  Phosphorica,
  see Cornu cervi—c. Pura, Calx—c. Pura liquida,
  Liquor calcis.
    CALCARLE CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum.
    CALCATOR, Ferri sulphas.
    CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea caleitrapa.
    CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON, CALCENO'NIA,
  CALCINO'NIA.  AVords employed by Paracel-
  sus to designate the  concretions  of tartrate  of
  lime which  form in the human body.
    CALCENOS, Calcetus.
    CALCEOLA'RIA,   from calceolus,  'a  small
  slipper;'  Slipperwort.
    Calceola'ria Primata is used in  Peru as a
  laxative.
    Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri-
  fuge.
    CALCE'TUS, Calceno'nius, Calce'noa.    That
  which abounds in tartrate of lime.  An adjective
  used  by  Paracelsus in speaking of the  blood;
  Sanguis  calce'tus.   Hence  came the  expression
  Calcined blood, Sang calcine.
  CALCEUM EQUINUM, Tussilago.
  CALCHOIDEA, (OS.)  Cuneiform bone.
  CALCIA, Calcaneum.
  CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth.
  CALCIG'RADUS, Pternob'ates, from  calx,
rrcpva, ' the heel,' and Paivw,' I walk.'  One who
walks on his heels.—Hippocrates.
  CALCII CHLORURETUM, Calcis murias—c.
Oxychloruretum, Calcis chloridum — c. Oxydum,
Calx viva—c. Protochloruretum, Calcis chloridum.
  CALCINA'TION, Calcina'tio, Calclnon, Con-
crema'tio, from calx, 'lime.'   The act of submit-
ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub-
stance, which we are desirous of depriving either
of its water, or of any other volatilizable sub-
stance, that enters into its composition ; or which
we  wish to combine with oxygen.  Alum is cal-
cined to get rid of its  water of crystallization;—
chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by
driving off the carbonic acid;  and certain metals
are subjected to this operation to  oxidize  them.
  CALCINATUM  MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar-
gyrum prascipitatum.
  CALCINONIA, Calcena.
  CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis chlori-
dum— c Carbonas, Creta — c. Carbonas  durus,
Crete, Marmor—c Carbonas friabilis,  Creta.
  Calcis  Car'bonas  Pr^ecipita'tus, Precipi-
tated Car'bonate  of  Lime,  Precipitated  Chalk.
This  preparation, introduced into the last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of the  United States, is pre-
pared as follows : Liq. Calcii Chlorid. Ovss; Soda
 Carbonat. lbvj; Aqua destillat. q.  s.  Dissolve the
carbonate  of soda in six parts of  distilled water;
heat  this and the solution of chloride of calcium,
separately, to the boiling point, and mix.   AVash
the precipitate repeatedly with  distilled water,
and  dry  on bibulous paper.  It has the same
properties as creta prasparata, and is preferred to
it in  certain cases,—for example,  as an ingredient
 in  tooth'  powders, owing to its freedom from
 gritty particles.
   Calcis  Chlo'ridum; Chlo'ride of Lime, Chlo'-
 ruret of Lime, Hypochlorite of Lime, Chlorite of
 Lime, Oxymu'riate of Lime, Calx chlorina'ta, (Ph.
 U. S.) Protoxichlor'uret of Calcium, Culca'ria chlo-
 ra'ta, Chlorum Calca'ria, Chloretum  Calca'ria,
 Calcaria Chlo'rica, Oxychlorure'turn Calcii, Pro-
 tochlorure'tum Calcii, Chlorure'tum Oxitli Calcii,
 Bichlorure'tum Calcis,  Oxymu'riaa Calcis, Calcis
 Hypochlo'ris, Calx oxymurialica, Bleaching Pow-
 der,  Tennant'a Powder, (F.)  Protoxichlorure de
 Calcium,  Chlorure de  Chaux,  Oxichlorure  de
 Chaux, Chlorure d' Oxide de Calcium, Bichlorure
 de Chaux, Oximuriate de Chaux, Muriate surox-
 igene ou Oxigene de Chaux, Poudre de Blanehe-
 ment, P. de Tennant.  A compound resulting from
 the  action  of chlorine  on hydrate of  lime.
 Chloride of lime is a most valuable disinfecting
 agent, (see Disinfection,) when  dissolved in the
 proportion of one pound to six gallons of water.
 It has likewise  been  employed both internally
 and externally in various diseases, as  in scrofula,
 fostor oris, foul ulcers, Ac. Ac.
    Calcis Hepar, Calcis  sulphuretum — c. Hy-
 dras, see Calx—e. Ilypochloris, Calcis chloridum.
    Calcis Mu'rias; Muriate of Lime, Calx sail ta,
  Calcii Chlorure'tum  seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of
 calcium,  (F.) Chlorure de calcium, Muriate ou
 Hydrochlorote de Chaux.    This  salt has been
 given, in solution, as a  tonic, stimulant, Ac, in
 scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, gene-
  ral  debility,  Ac.  A Solu'tio Muria'tis  Calcie,
  Liquor Calcia Muria'tis, Solution of Muriate of
  Lime, Liquid Shell,  may be formed of Muriate
  of Lime 5|j, dissolved in distilled water f5:ij.
  The Liquor Calcii Chloridi or Solution of Ohio- 
                 CALCITEA

ride of Calcium, of the  Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, is prepared as follows : — Marble,
in fragments, t^ix, Muriatic acid, Oj ;  Diatillcd
water, a sufficient quantity.  Mix the acid with
a half pint of the water, and gradually add the
marble.  Towards the  close of the effervescence
apply a gentle heat,  and, when the  action has
ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to
dryness.   Dissolve the residuum in its weight and
a half of  distilled water, and filter.   Dose, from
gtt. xxx to f^j, in a cupful of water.
  Calcis  Oxymurias,  Calcis chloridum.
  Calcis  Sulphure'tum;  Hepar Calcia,  Sul-
phuret of Lime, (F.) Proto-hydroaulfate de Cal-
cium, IIydrostilfalc, de chaux.  Principally used
in solution, as a bath, in itch and other cutaneous
affections.
  CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas.
  CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas.
  CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa,  Del-
phinium consolida— c. Hippophaestum, Centau-
rea calcitrapa—c. Stellate, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias—
c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias—c. Chlorure d'oxide
de, Cahiis chloridum — c.  Protohydrosulfate  de,
Calcis sulphuretum — c. Protoxichlorure de, Cal-
cis chloridum — c Protoxichloruret of,  Calcis
chloridum—c. Protoxide of, Calx.
  CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS MINIMI  DI-
GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis—c. Subpha-
langi'iis pollicis, Abductor pollicis pedis.
   CALCOCOS, Bell-metal.
  CA ECO IDEA, (ossicula,) Cuneiform bones.
  CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas.
   CALCUL, Calculus.
   CALCULEUX, Calculous.
  CALCULI, see  Calculus — c. Articular,  sec
Calculi Arthritic;  and Concretions, articular.
  Calculi, Alternating,  see Calculi, urinary.
  Calculi, Arthrtt'ic,  Tophi, Tuber'cula  ar-
thrilica,  Chalk-stones, Nodes, (F.) Pierrea cray-
euses, Calcula arthritiquea, Nccuda.  Concretions,
which form in the ligaments, and within the cap-
sules of the joints, in persons affected with gout.
They are  composed of uric acid, soda, and a little
animal matter; very rarely, urate of lime and chlo-
ride of sodium are met with.  Similar calculi are
found in other parts besides the joints.
   Cal'culi, Bil'iary, Calculi bilio'ei seu fell'ei
seu  bilia'rii, Bil'iary Concretions,   Gall-stones,
Chololithus, Cholelithus,  (F.) Calcula  biliairea,
Pierrea au fiel.  Some of these contain all  the
materials  of the  bile,  and  seem to  be nothing
more than  that  secretion  thickened.  Several
contain Picromel; and the greater part are com-
posed of from 88 to 94 parts of Vholeaterin, and
of from 6 to  12 of the  yellow matter of the bile.
Biliary calculi are most frequently found in  the
gall-bladder : at other times, in the  substance" of
the liver,  in the branches of the Ductua hepaticus,
or in tho Ductus  Communis Oholedochus.  The
first are called Cystic; the second Hepatic; and
tho last,  sometimes, Hepatocystic.   The causes
which give rise to them are very obscure.  Often
they occasion no uneasiness, and at other times
the symptoms may be confounded with those of
hepatitis.   At times, they  are rejected by the
mouth, or by the bowels, along with a considera-
ble  quantity of bile, which had accumulated be-
hind them; at other times they occasion violent
abdominal inflammation,  abscesses,  and biliary
fistula1,  rupture  of the  gall-bladder, and  fatal
effusion into the peritoneum.  The passage of a
gall-stone is extremely painful; yet the pulse is
not at first affected.  Antiphlogistics, when there
is inflammatory action, and stroag doses of opium,
9                CALCULI

 to allay tne pain and spasm, with the warm bath,
 are the chief remedies.  Solvents  are not to be
 depended upon.  They cannot reach the calculi.
   Calcdi I, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary—c.
 Compound, see Calculi, urinary — c. Cystic, see
 Calculi, urinary.
  Cal'culi, of the Ears, (F.) Calculs de lOreille.
 Hard, light, and inflammable concretions, which
 occur in the meatus auditorius externus, and are
 merely indurated cerumen.  They  are a frequent
 cause of deafness.   They can be easily seen, and
 may be  extracted by appropriate  forceps, after
 having been detached  by injections of soap and
 water.
   Calculi Fellei, Calculi, biliary — c. Fusible,
 see Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi,  Lach'rymal,  (F.) Calculs  lacry-
 maux.  Concretions sometimes,  but rarely, form
 in the lachrymal passages,  where  they occasion
 abscesses and  fistulas, which do not heal until
 they are extracted.  No  analysis has been made
 of them.
   Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi of the  Mammje, (F.) Calculs dea
 Mamellea.  Haller  gives a case  of a concretion,
 of a yellowish-white colour,  which  had the shape
 of one of the excretory ducts of the mammary
 gland, having  been extracted from an  abscess
 seated in that organ.
   Calculi, Mulberry, see  Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi of the Pan'creas, (F. Calcula du
 Pancreaa.  These  are but  little known.  Ana-
 logy  has induced a belief  that they resemble
 the salivary.   Some have supposed that certain
 transparent calculi, rejected by  vomiting, or
 passed in  the  evacuations, have proceeded from
 the pancreas, but there seems to  be no reason for
 this belief.
   Cal'culi of the Pineal Gland, (F.) Calculs
 de  la Glande  Pineale.  These have been fre-
 quently  met with.  No symptom announces theii
 presence during life. They are composed of phos-
 phate of lime.
   Cal'culi of  the Prostate, Prostat'ic calculi.
 These are not very rare.  They have generally
 the  same composition as the preceding.   They
 usually present the symptoms common to every
 tumefaction of the prostate,  and sometimes those
 of calculi in the bladder.
   Cal'culi Pul'monary,   (F.)  Calcula  pulmo-
 naires.  These concretions  are  very frequently
 met with in the  dead  body, without seeming to
 have produced  unpleasant symptoms during life.
 At other times, they are accompanied with all
 the symptoms of phthisis, Phthisie calculeuse, of
 Bayle.   At times they are expectorated without
 the  supervention  of any unpleasant symptom.
 They  are  usually formed of carbonate of lime
 and animal matter.
   Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Calculi saliva'les, Sia-
 lolith!,  (F.)  Calculs  salivaires.   Concretions,
 usually formed of phosphate of  lime and animal
 matter, which are developed in the substance of
 the salivary glands or in their  excretory ducts.
 In the first case, they may be mistaken  for a
 simple swelling of the gland; in the second, they
 may generally  be detected by the  touch.  They
 may be  extracted by incision in the interior of
 the mouth. The calculus developed in the sub-
 lingual ducts  has  been  called Calculus sublin-
 gualis and Ran'ula lapide'a.
   Cal'culi,  Spermat'ic, (F.)  Calculs  sperma-
 tiques.   These have been sometimes found in the
 vesiculas seminales after death.  They cannot be
 detected during life. No analysis has been made
 of them.
   Cal'culi of the Stomach and Intes'tines,
 Enteral1ithus, E. Calculus, Coprolithus, Concre-
15 
CALCULI
160
CALCULI
tio'nes alvlna, (F.)  Calculs de Vestomac, C. in-
teatinaux, Pierrea stercorales, Concretions intesti-
nales.  Calculi of the stomach are rare, and have
almost always been carried thither by the  anti-
peristaltic action of the intestines.  The symp-
toms  occasioned by them are those of chronic
gastritis.  It has been imagined that the conti-
nued  use of absorbent powders, as magnesia, will
give occasion to them.
  Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calculs intestinaux,
are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard :)
but they  are  rare in man.  The  causes which
give rise to them  are  little known: sometimes a
biliary calculus affords them a nucleus.  Their
composition varies.   They are light, hard, very
fetid,  and not inflammable.  They  are formed,
ordinarily, between the valvulas of the small in-
testines, or in the  cells of the large, and some-
times in  old  hernias.  AVhilst they do not ob-
struct the passage  of  the  alimentary mass, they
produce no unpleasant symptoms.  At times, the
movable tumour which they  form  may be felt
through the parietes of the abdomen.  They are
generally evacuated per anum.
  Cal'culi of the Tonsils.  Calculous  concre-
tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils.  (F.)
Calculs des Amygdales.   They are easily recog-
nised by  the  sight and touch:  sometimes they
are discharged by spitting, either alone or with
the pus of an abscess occasioned by their pre-
sence.   They have not been analyzed.
  Calculi,  Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c.
Urio, see Calculi, urinary.
  Cal'culi,  U'rinary,  Urolithi,  (F.)  Calculi
urinaires, Pier-res urinaires.   Concretions which
form from the crystallizable  substances  in  the
urine, and which are met with not only in  the
whole course of the urinary passages, but in  fis-
tulous  openings  wherever the urine  stagnates
naturally or accidentally.  Their causes  are  but
little known.  They are more common at the  two
extremities of life than at  the middle, and more
so in some countries and districts than in others.
At times, a clot of blood, a portion of mucus, Ac,
form the nucleus.  The symptoms  and  treat-
ment vary according to the seat of  the calculus.
There  is  no such thing probably  as a  medical
solvent,   See Urinary Calculi.
   Modern chymists have demonstrated the exist-
ence of  several  components of urinary  calculi,
viz., Lithic Acid, Phosphate of Lime, Ammoniaco-
Magnesian Phosphate,  Oxalate of Lime, Cystic
Oxide,  and Xanthic  Oxide, with an  animal ce-
menting ingredient.  The varieties of calculi, pro-
duced by the combination or intermixture of these
ingredients, are thus represented by Dr. Paris.
A TABULAR VIEW OF  DIFFERENT  SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI.
SPECIES OF CAL-CULI.	EXTERNAL CHARACTERS.	CHYMICAL COMPOSITION.	REMARKS.
1. lithic or URIC.	Form, a flattened oval. S. G. generally exceeds 1,500. Colour, brownish or fawn-like. Surface, smooth. Texture, laminated.	It consists principally of Lithic J}cid. When treated with nitric acid, a beautiful pink substance results. This calculus is slightly soluble in water, abundantly so in the pure alkalies.	It is the prevailing species ; but the surface sometimes occurs fine ly tuberculated. It. fre-quently constitutes the nuclei of the other spe-cies.
2. MULBERRY.	Colour, dark brown. Texture, harder than that of the other species. S. G from 1.428 to 1.976. Surface, studded with tubercles.	It is oxalate of lime, and is de-composed in the flame of a spirit lamp swelling out into a white efflorescence, which is quick-lime.	This species includes some Varieties, which are remarkably smooth and pale-colnured, re-sembling Itempseed.
3. BONE EARTH	Colour, pale brown or gray; surface, smooth and polished ; structure, regularly laminated ; the lamina; easily separating into concrete crusts.	Principally phosphate of lime. It is soluble in muriatic acid.	
4. TRIPLE.	Colour, generally brilliant white. Surface, uneven, studded with shining crystals, less com-pact than the preceding species. Between its lamina; small cells occur, filfed with sparkling par-ticles.	It is an antmoniaco-magnesian phosphate, generally mixed with phosphate of lime. Pure alka-lies decompose it, extracting its ammonia.	This species attains a larger size than any of the others.
5. FUSIBLE.	Colour, grayish white.	A compound of the two fore-going species.	It is very fusible, melting into a vitreous globule.
6. CYSTIC.	Very like the triple calculus, but it is unstratified and more compact and homogenous.	It consists of cystic oxiile. Un-der the blowpipe it yields a pe-culiarly fetid odour. It is solu-ble in acids, and in alkalies. even if they are fully saturated with carbonic acid.	It is a rare species.
7. ALTERNA-TING.	Its section exhibits different concentric laminae.	Compounded of several spe-cies, alternating with each other.	
8. COMPOUND. 1	No characteristic form.	The ingredients are separable only by chymical analysis.	
  1. Renal Calculi, (F.)  Calculs renaux.   These
have  almost always  a  very irregular  shape:
at times, there is no  indication  of their pre-
sence: at others, they occasion  attacks of pain
in the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied with
bloody  or turbid urine.   Often, they  cause in-
flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea-
sant results.  They are generally formed of uric
acid,  animal  matter, and oxalate  of lime, with,
sometimes, phosphates.  The treatment will have
to vary, according to the absence or presence of
inflammatory signs,—relieving the irritation by
opiates.  A surgical  operation can rarely be ap-
plicable.
  2. Calculi of  the  Uretera, (F.)  Calcula de*
Ureterea.   These come from the kidneys, and do
not produce unpleasant effects, unless they are
so large  as to obstruct the course of  tbe urine,
and to occasion distention of the whole of the
ureters above them;  or unless their surface is so
rough as to irritate the mucous membrane, and
occasion  pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, Ac.   The 
CALCULIFRAGUS            161                  CALIGO
 pain, during the passage, is sometimes very vio-
 lent, extending to the testicle  of the same side
 in the male; and occasioning a numbness of the
 thigh in both sexes.  The treatment consists in
 general or local  blood-letting, warm bath, and
 opiates.
    3.  Calculi, Vesical;  Stone  in the Bladder,
 Lith'ia  Ycsica'lis, Lithiasis cys'tica,  Lithiasis
 rexir.a'lis, Cysto-lithi'aeia, Dyau'ria calculo'aa, D.
 irrita'tu, Calculue veei'ca, (F.) Calculs vesicaux.
 These are  the most common.  Sometimes, they
 proceed from the kidneys: most commonly, they
 are formed in the bladder itself.  Sense of weight
 in the perinasum, and sometimes of  a body roll-
 ing when the patient changes his position; pain
 or itching at the extremity of the glans in men;
 frequent desire to pass the urine; sudden stop-
 page to its flow; and bloody urine—are the chief
 signs which induce a suspicion of their existence.
 We  cannot, however, be  certain of this without
 sounding  the patient.   Sometimes,  when of a
 small size, they are expelled:  most commonly,
 they remain  in the bladder, the disorganization
 of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur-
 gical operation.
    4. Calculi Ure'thral.  They almost  always pro-
 ceed from  tho bladder.  The obstruction, which
 they cause to the passage of the urine, the hard
 tumour, and the  noise occasioned when  struck
 by a sound, indicate their presence.  They are
 removed by incision.
    5. Calculi of Fis'tuloua paaaagea.   These arise
 when there is  some fistulous  opening into the
 urethra.  They can  be readily recognised, and
 may generally be  extracted with facility.   (F.)
 Calcula placea hors des voiea urinaires.  See Uri-
 nary Calculi.
  ^  Cal'culi of the  U'terus, (F.)  Calculs de
 V Uterus.  These are very rare.   The signs, which
 indicate them during  life, are  those of chronic
 engorgement of the uterus.  Their existence, con-
 sequently, cannot be proved till after death.
    CALCULIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic.
    CAL'CULOUS, (F.) Calculeux, Graveleux.
 That which relates to calculi, especially to those
 of the bladder.
    CALCULS BILIAIRES,  Calculi, biliary —
 c.  de I'Estomac, Calculi of the stomach — c. de la
 Glande Pineale, Calculi of the  pineal gland — c.
 Intestinaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestines
 —c. Laerymaux, Calculi, lachrymal—c. des Ma-
 melles, Calculi of the mammas — c. de lOreille,
 Calculi in the ears — c. du Pancreas, Calculi of
 the Pancreas — c. Places hors dea voiea urinairea,
 Calculi of  fistulous  passages — e.  Pulmonairea,
 Calculi,  pulmonary—c. Renaux, Calculi, renal—
 c. Saliraires, Calculi, salivary — c. Spermatiques,
 Calculi, spermatic—c. Urinaires, Calculi, urinary
 — e. des Ui-etires, Calculi of the ureters — c. de
 l'Uterus, Calculi of the uterus—c. Vesicaux, Cal-
 culi, vesical.
   CAL'CULUS, Lapis, Lithos, Xt&os.  A dimi-
 nutive of calx, a lime-stone.  (F.) Calcul, Pierre.
 Calculi are concretions, which may form in every
 part  of  the  animal   body,  but are most fre-
 quently found in the organs that act as reservoirs,
 and in the excretory canals.  They are met with
 in the tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive pas-
 sages, lachrymal ducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal
 gland, prostate,  lungs, salivary, spermatic and
 urinary passages, and in the uterus.   The causes
 which give rise to them are obscure.
  Those  that occur in reservoirs or ducts  are
supposed to  be  owing  to  the deposition  of the
substances, which compose them, froni the fluid
as  it passes  along  the duct; and those  which
occur in the substance of an organ  are regarded
 as the product of some chronic irritation.  Their
 general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies,
 the parts with which they are in contact; and to
 produce retention of the fluid, whence they have
 been formed.  The symptoms differ, according to
 the sensibility of the organ and the importance
 of the particular secretion whose discharge they
 impede.  Their solution  is  generally  impracti-
 cable : spontaneous  expulsion  or extraction is
 the only way of getting rid of them.
   Calculus  Bezoar,  Bezoard — c.  Dentalis,
 Odontolithus — c. Encysted, Calcul chatonne—c.
 Sublingualis, see Calculi, salivary — c. Vesicae,
 Calculus, vesical.
   CALDAS, WATERS OF.  Caldas is a small
 town,  ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral
 springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphurio
 acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and
 magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, sulphuret
 of iron, silica,  and  alumina.   They are much
 used in atonic  gout.  They are thermal.  Tem-
 perature 93° Fahrenheit.
   CALDE'RLE  ITAL'ICJE.   Warm  baths  in
 the neighbourhood  of Ferrara,  in  Italy, much
 employed in dysuria.
   CALEBASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria.
   CALEFA'CIENTS, Calefacien'tia, Therman'-
 tica, from calidua, ' warm,' and facio, ' I make.'
 (F.) Echauffanta. Substances which excite a de-
 gree of warmth in  the part to which  they are
 applied, as mustard, pepper, Ac.  They belong
 to the class of stimulants.
   CALEFACTIO, Echauffement.
   CALENDULA ALPINA,  Arnica montana.
   Calen'dula  Arven'sis,  Caltha Arven'sis seu
 offlcina'lis,  Wild Mar'igold,  (F.)  Souci  dea
 Champa.  This  is, sometimes, preferred  to the
 last.  Its juice  has been given, in the dose of
 from fgj to fijiv, in jaundice and cachexia.
   Calen'dula  Officina'lis, C. Sati'va, Chry-
 aan'themum, Sponaa aolia, Caltha vulya'ris ;  Ver-
 ruca'ria, Single Mar'igold, Garden Mar'igold,
 (F.) Souci, S. ordinaire.  Family, Synanthereas,.
 Syngenesia necessaria, Linn.   So  called from
 flowering every ca/end.  The flowers and leaves-
 have been exhibited as aperients, diaphoretics,.
 Ac, and have been highly extolled in cancer.
   CALENDULA MARTIALES,  Ferrum  am-
 moniatum.
   CALENTU'RA, from  calere,  'to  be warm.'.
 The word, in Spanish, signifies fever.  A species-
 of furious  delirium to which sailors are subject
 in  the  torrid zone: —a  kind of phrenitis, the,
 attack of which comes on suddenly after a broil-
 ing day, and seems to be characterized by a de-
 sire in the patient to throw himself into the sea.
 It is only a variety of phrenitis.
   Calentura Continua,  Synoeha.
   CALENTU'RAS; Palode Calentu'ras^  Pomet
 and Lemery say, that these words are sometimes
 applied to  cinchona.   Camelli says, they mean,
 also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, the rvood of,
 which  is bitter and febrifuge.
   CALF OF THE LEG, Sura.
   CALICE, Calix.
   CALICESREXALES, see Calix.
   CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia.
   CALIDARIUM, see Stove
   CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat—c. In--
natum, Animal heat.
   CALIGATIO, Dazzling.
  CALI'GO.  'A mist.'  Achlya, (F.) Brouillard.
An obscurity of  vision, dependent  upon a speck
on the  cornea: also, the speck itself;  Caligo cor'-
nea, Mac'ula cornea, M. semipellu'cida,  Phthar-
ma caligo,  C. i  ncphelio, Hebetu'do  visits, C. d
Lcuco'mate, NeUula, Ojmke cornea,.Wsb^eyi., IF.) 
CALIHACHA
162
CALUMBA
Nouage  de  la  Cornee, Taye, Obscurcissement de
la vue.
  Caligo Lentis,  Cataract—c. Pupillas, Syne-
zisis— c Synizesis, Synezisis — c.  Tenebrarum,
Hemeralopia.
  CALIHACHA CANELLA, Laurus cassia.
  CALIX,  Calyx, Infundib'ulum, from xaXil;, 'a
cup.'  (F.)  Calice, Entonnoir.   Anatomists have
given this  name to  small membranous  canals,
which surround the papillae of the kidney, and
open  into its  pelvis,  whither  they convey the
urine:—Cal'ices rena'lea, Cylind'ri membrana'eei
Renum,  Fia'tula ure'terum renum, Canalea mem-
bra'nei  Renum,  Tu'buli  pelvia renum.   Their
number varies from 6 to 12 in each kidney.
  Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic.
  CALLEUX, Callous.
  CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from xaXXos, 'beauty,'
and PXetpapov,  ' eyelid.' A remedy for beautify-
ing the  eyelids.
  CALLICANTHUS, Calycanthus.
  CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu-
anha.
  CALLICREAS,  Pancreas.
  CALLIOMARCHUS, Tussilago.
  CALLIPiE'DIA, from xaXXos,  'beauty,' and
irais, iratlos, 'a child.'  The art of begetting beau-
tiful children.  This was  the title  of a poem by
Claude Quillet, in 1655 ; "Callipadia aive de pul-
chra prolis habenda ratione."  The author ab-
surdly supposes, that the beauty of children  is
affected by the sensations which the mother ex-
periences during her pregnancy.
  CALLIPERS  OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel-
vimeter.
  CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics.
  C ALLIPHYLLUM,  Asplenium triehoma-
noides.
  CALLIP'YGOS,  from  xaXXos,  'beauty,' and
xvyn, 'buttocks.'  A cognomen of Venus, owing
to her beautiful nates.
  CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NI.  A South  African
tree,  Xat.   Ord.  Coniferas, from the branches
and cones  of which a gum exudes, that  resem-
bles Gum  Sandarac.  This is successfully used
in the form of fumigations in gout, rheumatism,
cedeinatous swellings, Ac.
  Callitris Cupressoides, a common shrub  in
the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi-
lar substance.
  CALLOSITAS,  Induration — c Palpebrarum,
Scleriasis—c. Vesicas, Cystauxe.
  CALLOS'ITY, Callos'itas, Scyroe, Tyle, Tylue,
Tylo'ma, Tylo'sis,  Dermatosclero'sis, Dermatoty-
lo'ma, Dermatotylo'aia, Bermatot'ylua, Porus, Ec-
phy'ma Callus. Hardness, induration, and thick-
ness of  the skin, which assumes a horny  consist-
ence, in places where it is  exposed to constant
pressure.   (F.) Burillon.  Also the induration,
which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, fis-
tulous passages, Ac.
  CALLOUS, Callo'sus, Ochtho'des, from callus,
'hardness.'  (F.) Calleux.  That which  is  hard
or indurated.  A Callous Ulcer is one whose edges
are thick and indurated.
  CALLUM PEDIS, Instep.
  CALLUNA ERICA, Erica  vulgaris —c. Vul-
garis, Erica vulgaris.
  CALLUS, Calus, Callum, Osteot'ylua, (F.) Cal.
The bony matter, thrown out between the  frac-
tured extremities of a bone, which acts  as a ce-
ment, and as a new bony formation.  The words
,vre, likewise, used occasionally in the same sense
as Callosity.
  Callus,  Provisional.  When  the shaft of a
long bone has been broken through, and the ex-
tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi-
tion,, tho new matter, first ossified, is that which
occupies the central  portion of the deposit, and
thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken
ends, forming a kind  of plug, which enters each.
This was  termed by M. Dupuytren  the  provi-
sional Callus.
  CALMANTS, Sedatives.
  CAL ME, (F.) The interval that separates tho
paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease.  AVhen
the type is intermittent, the word intermission is
used.
  CALOMBA, Calumba.
  CALOMEL, Hydrargyri submurias.
  CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A term  applied to the
green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned by
the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury.
  CALOMELANOS  TORQUETI,  Hydrargyri
submurias.
  Calomelanos Turqueti.  A name given by
Riverius to purgative pills, prepared with calo-
mel, sulphur, and resin of jalap.—Dictionaries.
  CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
  CALO'NIA,  xaXwvia.  An  epithet formerly
given to myrrh.—Hippocrates.   See Myrrha.
  CALOPHYLLUM  INOPHYLLUM, see Fa-
gara octandra.
  CALOR, Heat — c. Animalis, Animal  heat —
c. Nativus, Animal heat.
  CALORICITE, (F.) Caloric"itas.  The faculty
possessed  by living bodies of generating a suffi-
cient  quantity of caloric to enable them to resist
atmospheric cold, and to  preserve, at all  times
and in every part, a temperature nearly equal.
See Animal Heat.
  CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorif'iant,  Calorifa'-
ciene, Calorifi'ana: from color, 'heat,' and facere,
'to make.'  Having  the power  of  producing
heat.  Relating to the power of producing heat.
  CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorifica'tio, from ca-
lor, 'heat,' unci, fieri,  'to be made.'  The function
of producing animal heat.
  CALORINESES,  from  color, 'heat.'   The
name under which M. Baumes proposes to ar-
range all diseases, characterized  by  a sensible
change in the  quantity of animal heat.  The Ca-
lorineaea form  the first class of his Nosology.
  CALOTROPIS  GIG ANTE A, Mudar— c. Mu-
darii, Mudar.
  CALOTTE, (F.) Pile'olum.  Anatomists some-
times give the name,  Calotte  aponevrotique,  to
the aponeurosis of the  occipito-frontalis muscle,
which covers it externally; and that of  Calotte
du  crane to the acull-cap.
  Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster,
with which the head  of a person labouring under
tinea capitis is sometimes  covered, after the hair
has been shaved off.  This plaster is pulled sud-
denly and violently off, in order to remove the
bulbs of the hair.  It means, also, a sort of coif
made of boiled leather, worn by those who have
undergone the operation of trepanning, Ac.
   CALOTTE BASSURANCE, Condom.
  CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana—c Ar-
vensis, Calendula arvensis—c.  Officinalis, Calen-
dula arvensis — c. Vulgaris, Calendula officinalis.
  CALTROPS, see Trapa natans.
  CALUM'BA,  Colom'bo,  Calom'ba, Colom'ba,
(Ph. U. S.;) Columbo, Radix Colurnba, (F.) Ca-
lumbe ou  Columbe.  The root of  Menispcr'mum
palma'tum,  Coc'culua palma'tua,  indigenous  in
India and Africa.  Its odour is slightly aromatic;
taste  unpleasantly bitter.  It is tonic and anti-
septic.  Dose, gr.  10 to £j in powder.
  Calcmba,  American, Frase'ra  Walteri,  F.
Carolinien'sis, F. Officina'lis, Swcr'tia difftirm'is,
Sw. Fraae'ra,  American  or 3Iarietta Columbo,
Indian  Lettuce,  Yellow  Gentian,  Golden  Seal,
Meadow pride,  Pyr'amid, is used in the  same
cases as the true Calumba. 
CALUS
163     CAMPHOROSMA  MONSPELIACA
  CALUS, Callus.
  CALVA, Cranium.
  Calva, Calca'ria.  The cranium; the upper
part especially; the skull-cap ;— the Vault of the
Cranium,  Cam'era.
  CALVAR1A, Cranium.
  CALVA'TA  FEKRAMEN'TA.   Surgical in-
struments, which  have a head or button.
  CALVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Arirginiea.
  CALVIT"IES, Calvil'ium, Phalacra, Phala-
cro'sis,  G!abrit"ic<, Ophiasis, Depila'tio Cap'-
itis,I'halacro'ma, Madaro'aie, Lipsotrich'ia, Bald-
ness,  Ac,  from  calms, 'bald,'  (F.) Chauvete.
Absence of hair,  particularly at  the top of, and
behind, tho  head.   Calvil'ies palpebrarum,—
loss of tho eye-lashes.
  CALX, Lime,  Ca'rium  Terra, Protox'ide of
Calcium,  Calca'ria pura, (F.) Chaux.  The lime,
employed in  pharmacy, should be recently pre-
pared by calcination.  When water is sprinkled
over caustic  lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate
of lime,—the Calcis Hydras of the London phar-
macopoeia.
  Calx, see  Calcaneum — c. Chlorinata, Calcis
chloridum—c. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce
-—c. Salita, Calcis murias—c. Bismuthi, Bismuth,
subnitrate  of.
   Calx e Testis ;  lime  prepared from shells.
It has  probably  no medicinal advantages  over
that prepared from  marble.
   Calx Oxymuriatica, Calcis chloridum.
   C.VLX ArlVA, Ox'idum Calcii, Calx recens, Fu-
inans nix,  Calx ueta,  Calx et Calx  viva, Lime or
 Quicklime, (F.) Chaux vivc.  The  external ope-
ration of calx viva  is escharotic, but it is rarely
used.   Lime is a good disinfecting agent.  It  is
employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis.
  CAL\'CA'STR'V'S,C.Flor'idus,Callican'thus,(?)
 Carolina  Allspice, Sweet-scented  shrub, Sweet
shrub.  An  indigenous plant; Order, Calycan-
thaceas ; with purplish flowers, of  strong, agree-
able  odour, which appear from  March to June.
Tho root is possessed of emetic properties.
   CALYPTRANT1IES    CORYOPHYLLATA,
 Myrtus carvophvllata.
   CALYSTEG IA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium
—c. Soldanella, Convulvulus soldanella.
   CALYX, Calix.
   CAMARA. Calva.
   CAMAREZ, MINERAL AVATERS  OF.   Ca-
 marez  is a small canton  near Sylvanes, in the
 department of Aveyron, France, where there are
acidulous chalybeates.
   OAMARO'SIS, Camaro'ma,  from  xapapa, 'a
vault;'  Camera'tio,  Testudina'tio  Cra'nii.   A
species of fracture of the skull, in which the frag-
ments are placed so  as to form a vault, with its
base resting  on the dura mater. — Galen, Paulus
of ^Egina.
   CAMBING.  A  tree  of the Molucca Islands,
from the bark of which a  kind of gum-resin ex-
udes, which  has  been highly extolled in dysen-
tery.  It appears to  have some resemblance  to
 the simarouba.—Rumphius.
   CAMBIUM, 'Exchange.'  A name formerly
 given to  a fancied nutritive  juice, which  was
 supposed to  originate in the blood, to repair the
\osses of every organ, and  produce their increase.
 —Sennertus.
   CAAIBO, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A vil-
 lage  in the department  of  Basses Pyrenees,
 France, where there are two mineral springs:
 the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul-
phureous.  Temperature,  62° to 69° Fahrenheit.
   CAMBODTA, Cambogia.
   CAMBO'GIA,  from Cambodia, in the East In-
dies,  where it is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise, its
 names Cambo'dia, Cambo'gium, Gambo'gia, Gam- \
bo'gium, Gambu'gium.  It  is called, also, Gutta,
Gutta gamba,  Gummi Gutta, Catagau'na, Catta-
gau'ma, Chrysopus,  Laxatlvus Ind'icus, Gummi
Bo'gia.  G. gaman'dra, G. de Goo,  G. de Jemu,
Chitta jemoco,  Gutta Gaman'dra, Gummi ad Pod'-
agram,  Camboge or  Gamboge, Ac,  (F.) Gomme
Gutte.  Ord. Guttiferas.  A yellow juice obtained
from  Hebradendron Cambogio'Vdes,  and  other
plants of the natural family Guttiferas, but it is
not known from which of them the officinal cam-
boge is obtained.  It is inodorous, of an orange
yellow  colour;  opake  and  brittle;  fracture,
glassy; is a drastic  cathartic,  emetic and anthel-
mintic ; and is used in visceral obstructions and
dropsy, and wherever powerful hydragogue ca-
thartics are required.  Dose from gr. ij  to vi, in
powder, united with calomel, squill, Ac.
  Cambogia Gutta, Garcinia cambogia.
  CAMBU'CA, Cambuc'ca membra'ta.  Buboes
and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near
the genital organs.—Paracelsus.   See Bubo.
  OAMELEE, Cneorum tricoccum.
  CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault—c. Cordis,
Pericardium — c. Oculi, Chamber  of the  eye.
  CAMERATIO, Camarosis.
  CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma.
  CAM1NGA, Canella alba.
  CAMISIA FCETUS, Chorion.
   CAMISOLE, AVaistcoat, strait.
  CAMMARUS, Crab.
   CAMOMILLE FETIDE, Anthemis cotula —
c. Puante, Anthemis cotula—c. Romaine, Anthe-
mis nobilis—c. des Teinturiera, Anthemis tincto-
ria— c. Vulgaire, Matricaria chamomilla.
  CAMOSIERS, AVATERS OF.   Camosiers is
a canton, two  leagues from Marseilles, where are
two springs containing carbonate of lime, sul-
phur, chloride of sodium,  Ac.  They are purga-
tive, and used in skin complaints.
   CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas.
   CAMPAGNE,  .MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
 Campagne is in the department of Aude, France.
 The waters contain  sulphate and chlorohydrate
 of magnesia.  Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit.
   CAMPAN'ULA.   Diminutive of Campana.  A
 bell.
   Campanula Trache'lium, Canterbury Bell or
 Throatwort, was  formerly used, in decoction, in
 relaxation of  the fauces.  It is, also, called Cer-
 vica'ria.
   CAMPE, Flexion.
   CAAIPHIRE, Camphor.
   CAMPHOR, from Arab. Ca'phur or Kam'phur,
 Cam'phora, Caphura, Caff'a, Caf,  Co fur, Capho-
 ra, Altafor, Camphire, Camphor,  (F.) Camphre.
 A  concrete substance, prepared,  by distillation,
 from Laurus  Camphora,  Per'sea Cam'flora,  an
 indigenous  tree  of the  East Indies.  Order,
 Laurineas.  Its  odour is strong and  fragrant:  it
 is volatile, not easily pulverizable; texture crys-
 talline.  Soluble in alcohol, ether, oils, vinegar,
 and slightly so in water.  Its properties are nar-
 cotic, diaphoretic, and sedative.  Dose, gr. v. to
 ^j.  Dissolved  in  oil or alcohol, it is applied
 externally in rheumatic pains, bruises, sprains, Ae.
   Camphor AVater, Mistura Camphoras.
   CAMPHORA'CEOUS,  Camphora'ceus.  Rela-
 ting to or containing camphor;—as a ' camphor-
 aceous smell or remedy.'
   CAMPHORATA  HIRSUTA et C. MONSPE-
 LIEXSIUM,  Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
   CAMPH'ORATED, Camphora'tua, (F.)  Cam-
 phre.  Relating  to camphor;  containing  cam-
 phor;  as a  camphorated smell,  a  camphorated
 draught.
   CAMPHOROS'MA  MONSPELIACA, C. Pe-
 ren'nis, from Camphor, and oapn, ' odour.' Sela'go,
 Camphora'ta hirsu'ta seu Monspeb'en'sium, Hairy 
CAMPHRE
164
CANARIES
Camphoroa'ma,  (F.) Camphree de  Montpellier.
Family, Atripliceas.  Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo-
nogynia.  This plant, as its name imports, has
an odour of camphor.  It is regarded as diuretic,
diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, Ac.   It is
also  called Chamapeu'ce and Stinking Ground
Pine.
  Camphorosma Perennis, C. Monspeliaca.
  CAMPHRE, Camphor.
  CAMPHRE, Camphorated.
  CAMPHRE DE MONTPELLIER,  Cam-
phorosma Monspeliaca.
  CAMPOMANE'SIA  LINEATIFO'LIA.   A
tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in
Peru, and whose fruit—palillo, of a bright yellow
colour,  and as large as a moderate-sized apple—
has  an exceedingly agreeable scent, and is one
of the ingredients in making the perfumed water
called mistura.—Tschudi.
  CAMPSIS, Flex'io, Curva'tio, Inflex'io.  Bone
or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape,
without breaking.—Good.
   Campsis Depressio,  Depression.
  CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from xautrvXos,
'crooked,' and paXts, 'spine.'   A monster whose
spine is crooked.—Gurlt.
   CAMPYLORRHI'NUS;  from xapitvXos,
'crooked,' and  piv, 'nose.'   A monster  whose
nose is crooked.—Gurlt.
   CAMPVLOTIS,  Cataclasis.
   CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis.
   CAMUS, (F.) Simus, Resi'mus, Simo, Silo, Si-
las.  One who has a short,  stumpy nose.   The
French speak of Nez camus, 'short nose.'
   CANADA BURNET, Sanguisovba canadensis.
   CANAL,  Cana'lis,  Ductus,  Mea'tus, Poros,
 Och'etos,  (F.) Conduit.   A channel for affording
passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organs.
   Canal, Alimen'tary, C. Digea'tire,  Cana'lia
ciba'riiis  vel digeetlvua, Ductus ciba'rius, Tubus
alimenta'ris  seu  intestino'rum, Diges'tive  Tube,
Aliment'ary Duct or Tube. The canal extending
from the mouth to the anus.
   Canal, Arach'noid,  Cana'lis Bichat'ii, Canal
of Bichat.  A canal formed by the extension of
the arachnoid over  the transverse  and longitudi-
nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena
magna Galeni.   The  orifice  of the canal has
been termed the Foramen of Bichat.
   CANAL ARTERIEL, Arterial duct — c. de
Bartholin, Ductus  Bartholinus — c. of Bichat,
Canal, arachnoid—e. Bullular, of Petit, Godronne
canal — e. Carotidien,  Carotid canal — c. ChoU-
doque,  Choledoch duct—c. Ciliary, Ciliary  canal
—e. of Cotunnius, Aquaeductus vestibuli — c. of
Fontana,  Ciliary  canal—'c. Goudronne, Godronne
canal—c. Hepatique, Hepatic  duct.
  Canal, Hy'aloid.  A cylindrical  passage, de-
scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the reflec-
tion of the hyaloid membrane into  the interior
of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery
of the lens.  M. Cruveilhier has never been able
to see it.
  Canal, Inci'sive, see Palatine canals—c. Infra-
orbital-, Suborbitar  canal — c.  Inflexe de los tem-
poral, Carotid canal—c. Intermediare des ventri-
cules, Aquaeductus Sylvii.
  Canal Intes'tinal. Cana'lia seu Ductua  intea-
tina'lia. The portion of the digestive canal formed
by the intestines.
  Canal of Jacobson,  Canal, tympanic.
  Canal, Med'ullary.   The cylindrical cavity
in the body or shaft of  a long bone, which  con-
tains the marrow.
  Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal  canal.
  Canal of Nuck.   A cylindrical  sheath formed
around  the round ligaments of the  uterus  by  a
prolongation of the peritoneum into  the inguinal
canal.
  CANAL DE PETIT,  Godronni canal — c.
Putino-aortique, Arterial  duct—c. Rachidiau,
Vertebral canal.
  Canal of Schlemm.  A minute circular canal,
discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Berlin.   It
is situate at the point of union of the cornea and
sclerotica.
  Canal, Spinal,  A'ertebral canal — c. Spiro'ide
de los temporal, Aquasductus Fallopii—c. de Ste-
non, Ductus  salivalis superior — c. Thoracique,
Thoracic  duct — c. Veineux, Canal, venous — c.
Vulvo-uterine,  Vagina — c. de Warthon,  Ductua
salivalis inferior.
  Canal, Tym'panic, Cana'lia tympan''icua, Canal
ofja'cobson.   A canal which opens on the lower
surface  of the  petrous  portion of the temporal
bone, between the carotid canal and the groove
for the internal jugular vein.   It contains Jacob-
son's nerve.
  Canal, Venous, Cana'lis seu Ductus veno'sus,
(F.) Canal veineux.  A canal,  which exists only
in the foetus.  It extends from the bifurcation of
the umbilical vein to the vena cava inferior, into
which it opens  below the diaphragm. At times,
it ends in one of the infra-hepatic veins.  It pours
into the  cava a part of the blood, which passes
from the  placenta by the umbilical vein. After
birth, it becomes a fibro-cellular cord.
   Canal of  Wirsung, see Pancreas.
   CANA'LES  BRESCHETI.   Canals  in   the         i
diploe for the  passage of veins; so called after
M. Breschet.
   Canales Circulares, Semicircular canals—c.
Cochleas, Scalas of the cochlea—c. Lachrymales,
Lachrymal ducts—c. Membranei renum, see Calix
—c. Tubasformes,  Semicircular canals.
   CANALICULATED, Grooved.
   CANALICULATUS, Canneie, Grooved.
   CANALICULE, Grooved.
   CANALICULI  HAVERSIANI, Canals, nu-
tritive — c. Lachrymales, Lachrymal ducts — c.
Limacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares,
Semicircular canals—c. A'asculosi, Canals, nutri-
tive—c. of Bone, see Lacunas of Bone.
   CANALICULUS, diminutive of canalis,  'a
channel.' A small  channel. See Lacunas of Bone.
   CANALIS, Meatus—c Arteriosus,  Arterial
duct—c. Bichatii,  Canal, arachnoid—c. Canalicu-
lars, Gorget—c. Caroticus, Carotid canal—c De-
ferens, Deferens, vas — c. Eminentias quadrige-
minas, Aquasductus Sylvii—c. Intestinorum,  In-
testinal tube—c. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal or nasal
duct—c. Medius, Aquaeductus Sylvii—c Medullas
Spinalis, see A'ertebral column—c Nerveus fistu-
losus renum, Ureter—c Orbitas nasalis, Lachry-
mal or nasal duct — c. Scalarum communis, In-
fundibulum of the cochlea—c.  Semicircularis ho-
rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals — c  Semicir-
cularis verticalis posterior, see Semicircular Ca-
nals — c Semicircularis verticalis  superior, see
Semicircular canals—c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym-
panic—c. Urinarius, Urethra—c. Aridianus,  Pte-
rygoid canal.
   CANALS  OF HAArERS, Canals, nutritive of
bones—c. Haversian, Canals, nutritive, of bones.
   Canals, Nutritive, Canals for the nutrition
of bones,  Ductus nutril'ii, Canalic'uli vasculo'si
seu  Haversia'ni,  Haver'sian  Canals, Canals of
Harers, (F.)  Canaux nourriciers ou du Nutrition
des  os, Conduits nourriciers ou  nutriciers.  The
canals through which  the vessels puss to  the
bones.  They are  lined by a very fine lamina of
compact  texture,  or  are formed in the texture
itself. There is, generally, one large nutritious
canal in  a long bone, situate towards its middle.
   CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris.
   CANARIES, CLIMATE  OF.   The  climate
of  the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma-
deira.   That of  the  latter,  however,   is more 
CANARIUM COMMUNE          165                  CANCER
equable,  and  the  accommodation  for invalids
much superior.
  CANARIUM  COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi-
fera.
  CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis.
  CAN A UX AQUEUX, see Aqueous—e. Demi-
circulairea, Semicircular canals—c. Ejaculateura,
Ejaculatory ducts—c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri-
tive—«. de Nutrition des os, Canals, nutritive.
  CANAUX DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord-
ing to Bichat, the  bony canals  intended to give
passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more
or less distant; as the Cana'lis Carolicus, Ac.
  CAXAUX  VE1XEUX,  Venous Canals.  The
canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous
blood.
  CAN'CAMUM.   A  mixture  of several gums
and resins, exported from Africa, where it is used
to  deterge wounds.   Dioscorides calls, by the
name xayxapov, the tears from  an Arabian tree,
which are similar to myrrh, and of a  disagreea-
ble taste.  He  advises it in numerous diseases.
This name is given, also, to the Anime.
   CANCAMY, Anime.
  CAN'CFLLATED, Cancella'tus, (F.) CancelU;
from CancelU, ' lattice-work.'  Formed of can-
celli, as  the ' cancellated structure of bone.'
  CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'   The Cellular
or S/iongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu eelluleux;
consisting of numerous cells, communicating with
each other.  They contain a fatty matter, analo-
gous to marrow.  This texture is met with, prin-
cipally,  at the extremities of long bones ; and
some of the short bones consist almost wholly of
it.  It allows of the expansion of the extremities
of bones, without  adding  to  their weight; and
deadens concussions.
  CANCEL'LUS,  from cancer, 'a crab.'  A spe-
cies of crayfish, called the  Wrong Heir, and Ber-
nard the Hermit: which is said to cure rheuma-
tism, if rubbed on the part.
  CANCER, 'a crab.'   Car'cinos, Lupus cancro'-
sus.  A disease, so called either on account of the
hideous  appearance which the ulcerated cancer
presents, or on account of the great veins which
surround it, and which the ancients compared to
the claws  of the crab: caUed also Carcino'ma.
It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter-
sected by  firm, whitish, divergent  bands;  and
occurs  chiefly  in  the  secernent glands.   The
pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend
to other parts.   The tumour,  ultimately,  termi-
nates  in  a  fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer, — Ulcus
cancro'sum.  It is  distinguished, according to its
stages,  into  occult and open; the  former  being
the scirrhous, the latter the ulcerated condition.
At times, there is a simple destruction or erosion
of the organs, at others, an encephaloid or cere-
briform, and, at others, again, a colloid degene-
ration.
  For its production, it  requires a peculiar dia-
thesis, or  cachexia.  The  following  table, from
Dr. AValshe,  exhibits the  characters of the three
species  of carcinoma:
  The use of irritants  in cancerous affections is
strongly to be deprecated.  AVhen the disease is
so situate  that excision  can  be  practised,  the
sooner it is removed the better.
          Encephaloid.

  Resembles  lohulated   cerebral
matter.
  Is commonly opake from its ear-
liest formation.
  Is of a dead white colour.

  Contains a multitude of minute
vessels.
  Is less hard and dense than scir-
rhus..

  Is frequently found in the veins
issuing from the diseased mass.
  The predominant microscopical
elements are  globular, not always
distinctly cellular, and caudate cor-
puscula.
  Occasionally  attains an  enor-
mous hulk.
  Has been observed  in  almost
every tissue of the body.
  Very commonly co-exists  in se-
veral parts or organs of the same
subject.
  Is remarkable for its occasional
vast, rapidity of growth.
  Is frequently the seat of insterti-
lial hemorrhage and deposition of
black or bistre-coloured matter.
  When softened  into  a pulp, ap-
pears as a dead white or pink opake
matter of creamy consistence.
  Subcutaneous tumours are slow
to contract adhesion with the skin.
  Ulcerated  encephaloid  is  fre-
quently  the seat  of hemorrhage,
followed by rapid fungous develop-
ment.
  The progress of the disease after
ulceration is commonly very rapid.

  It is the most common form un-
der which secondary cancer exhi-
bits itself
  Is the species of cancer most fre-
quently obsei ved in young subjects.
           Scirrhus.

  Resembles rind of  bacon tra-
versed by cellulo-fibrous septa.
  Has  a  semi-transparent glossi-
ness.
  Has  a  clear whitish or bluish
yellow tint.
  Is comparatively ill-supplied with
vessels.
  Is exceedingly firm and dense.
  Has not been distinctly detected
in this situation.
  The main microscopical consti-
tuents are juxtaposed nuclear cells;
caudate  corpuscular do not exist
in it.
  Rarely acquires  larger  dimen-
sions than an orange.
  Its seat, as ascertained by obser-
vation, is somewhat more limited.
  Is not unusually solitary.
  Ordinarily grows slowly.

  Is comparatively rarely the seat
of these changes.

  Resembles, when softened, a yel-
lowish brown seiiiitrauspareut ge
latinous matter.
  Scirrhus thus  situate usually be-
comes adherent.
  Si irrhous ulcers much less fre-
quently L'ive rise  to  hemorrha«e ;
and  fungous  growths  (provided
they  retain the scirrhous  charac-
ter) are now more slowly and less
abundantly developed.
  There is not  such a remarkable
change in the rate of progress of the
disease after ulceration has set in.
  Is much less common before pu-
berty.
             Colloid.

  Has the appearance of particles of
jelly inlaid in a regular alveolar bed.
  The contained matter is strik-
ingly transparent.
  Greenish yellow  is its predomi-
nant hue.
  Its vessels  have  not been  suffi-
ciently examined as yet.
  The jelly-like matter is  exceed-
ingly soft ;  a colloid mass is,  how-
ever, firm and resisting.
  The pultaceous variety has  been
detected in  the veins.
  Is composed of shells in  a  state
of emboitcment.
  Observes a mean in this respect.

  Has so far been seen in a limited
number of parts only.
  Has rarely been met with in more
than one organ.

  Grows with a medium degree jf
rapidity.
  Undergoes no visible change of
the kind.
  Has so far been observed in adults
only. 
                    CANCER

   Cancer Alveolaris, Colloid.
   Cancer Aquat'icus, Gan'grenous stomatitis,
 Cancrum  Oris,  Gangranop'sis,  Canker  of the
 mouth, Gangrenous aore mouth, Sloughing  Phage-
 da'na of the mouth, Water Canker : called, also,
 Aphtha serpen'tes, Gangra'na Oris, Noma, Nome,
 Nomus,  Pseudocarcino'ma  la'bii, Stomac'ace gan-
 grano'sa,  Cheiloc'ace,  Uloc'ace,  Ulltis sep'tica,
 Cheilomala'cia, Scorbu'tus Oris, Stomatomala'cia
 pu'trida,  Stomatosep'sia,  Stomatonecro'aia,  Car-
 bun'culua  labio'rum et gena'rum,  (F.)  Cancer
 aquatique,  Stomatite gangi-eneuae,  S. Churbon-
 neuae,  Gangrene  de la Bouche, Sphacele de la
 Bouche, Fegarite, Aphthe gangreneux.  Certain
 sloughing or gangrenous ulcers of the mouth,—
 so called, perhaps, because they are  often  accom-
 panied with an afflux of saliva.   The disease is
 not uncommon in children's  asylums, and de-
 mands the same treatment as hospital gangrene;
 —the employment of caustics, and  internal and
 external antiseptics.
s  CANCER  AQUATIQUE,  Cancer aquaticus,
 Stomacace—c. Areolaire, Colloid—c Astacus, see
 Cancrorum chelas — c.  Black, Melanosis — c. Ca-
 minariorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers'—c. Cel-
 lular, Encephaloid—c. Cerebriforme, see Ence-
 phaloid.
   Cancer, Chimney-sweepers', Sootwart,  Can-
 cer mundito'rum,  Cancer purgato'ris infumic'uli,
 Cancer seu carcino'ma  scroti, Cancer caminario''-
 rum,  Oscheocarcino'ma,   Oschocarcino'ma,   (F.)
 Cancer  des Ramoneurs.   This affection  begins
 with a superficial, painful, irregular ulcer  with
 hard and  elevated edges  occupying the lower
 part of the scrotum.  Extirpation of the diseased
 part is the only means  of effecting a cure.
   Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Coni-
 um maculatum—c. du  Foie, Hepatosareomie—c.
 Fibrous, Scirrhus.
   Cancer Gale'ni, (F.)  Cancer de Galien.  A
 bandage for the head,  to which Galen gave the
 name cancer,  from  its  eight heads resembling,
 rudely,  the claws of the  crab.  It  is now  sup-
 plied  by the  bandage  with six chefs or heads,
 which is called the Bandage of Galen or B. of
 the Poor.
   CANCER DE GALIEN,  Cancer Galeni—c.
 Gelatiniform,  Colloid—c Gelatinous, Colloid—c.
 Hard, Scirrhus — c Intestinorum, Enteropathia
 cancerosa—c. des Intestins, Enteropathia  cance-
 rosa — c. of the Lung, Phthisis, cancerous — c.
 Lupus, Lupus — c. Medullaris, Encephaloid — c.
 Melasneus, Melanosis—c. Melane, Melanosis — c.
 Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic.
   Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer melano'dee,  Car-
 cino'ma melano'dea.  A combination of  cancer
 and melanosis.
   Cancer Mollis,  see Encephaloid — c. Mou,
 Encephaloid—c Munditorum, Cancer, chimney-
 sweepers'—c  Oculi, Scirrhophthalmus—c.  Oris,
 Stomacace—c  Ossis, Spina ventosa—c. Pharyn-
 gis et oesophagi,  Losmoscirrhus—c Purgatoris
 infumiculi, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c Scir-
 rhosus,  Scirrhus — c Scroti, Cancer, chimney-
 sweepers'—c. Soft, Hasmatodes fungus—c. of the
 Stomach, Gastrostenosis cardiaca et  pylorica—c.
 Uteri, Metro-carcinoma.
   CANCEREUX, Cancerous.
   CANCER ROOT,  Orobanche A'irginiana, Phy-
 tolacca decandra.
   CANCEROMA, Carcinoma.
   CAN'CEROUS, Cancro'aua,  Carcino'aua,  (F.)
 Cancereux.  Relating to cancer;  as Canceroua
 ulcer, Canceroua diathesis, Ac.
   CANCHALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis.
   CANCRENA, Gangrene.
   CAN'CROID, Cancro'des,  Cancro'i'des,  Carci-
56                 CANINE

 no'dea, Carcino'idea,  Cancrdi'deua, from cancer
 and etlos, 'form.'  That which  assumes a can-
 cerous appearance.  Cancroid is a name given
 to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert:  culled
 also Cheloid or Keloid  (XcXvs,  'a tortoise,' and
 eilos)  'likeness,')  from their .presenting a flatfish
 raised patch of integument, resembling the shell
 of a tortoise.
   CANCROMA, Carcinoma.
   CANCRO'RUM CHELvE,  Oc'uli vel Lap'idet
 Cancro'rum, Lapil'li cancro'rum,  Concremen'ta
 As'taci fluvialilie, Crab'a stonea  or  eyea, (F.)
  Ycux d'eerevise.   Concretions   found,  particu-
 larly, in the Cancer Aa'tacua or Cray-fish.  They
 consist of carbonate  and phosphate of lime, and
 possess antacid virtues, but not  more than chalk.
   CANCROSUS,  Cancerous,  Chancreuse.
   CANCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer  Aquaticus, Sto-
 macace.
   CANDELA, Bougie — c Fumalis, Pastil—c.
 Medicata, Bougie — c Rcgia,  Verbascum ni-
 grum.
   CANDELARIA, Verbascum nigrum.
   CANDI, Candum,  Canthum, Can'Hon: 'white,
 bleached, purified.'   Purified  and crystallized
 sugar. See Saccharum.
   CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen  ovi.
   CANDYTUFT,  BITTER,  Iberis amara.
   CANEFLOWER, PURPLE,   Echinacea pur-
 purea,                                              i
   CANE, SUGAR, see Saccharum —c. Sweet,
 Acorus calamus.
   CANELE, Grooved.
   CANELLA, see Canella alba.
   Canel'la Alba, diminutive of Canna, 'a reed,'
 so called  because its bark is rolled up like a reed.
 Cortex Wintera'nus spu'rius, Canella Cuba'na, C.
 Wintera'nia, Cinnamo'mum album, Cortex Anti-
 scorbu'ticus, C. Aromat'icua,  Coatua  cortico'sus,
 Cumin'go, Canella of Linnaeus, and of Ph.  U. S.,
 Canella Bark, Ccmella,  (F.)  Canelle ou Canelle
 blanche, Fausse Ecorce de  Winter, Ecorce Cario-
 coatine.   Perm. Magnoliaceas.   Sex. Syst. Dode-
 candria Monogynia.   This bark is  a pungent
 aromatic  Its virtues  are partly extracted by
 water; entirely by alcohol.   It is a  stimulant,
 and is added to bitters and cathartics.
   Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyl-
 lata—c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus cassia—c. Mala-
 bariea et  Javensis, Laurus cassia.
   CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Laurus
 cassia.
   CANEPIN,  (F.)  A fine lamb's skin or goat's
 skin,  used for trying the quality of lancets.
   CANICACEOUS, Furfuraccous.
   CAN'ICiE.  Meal, in  which   there  is  much
 bran.  Also, coarse bread; or  bread  in which
 there is much bran—Pania Canica'ceua.
   CANICIDA, Aconitum.
   CANIC'ULA; theDogatar, from cania, 'a dog;'
 Sripios, Sirius,  (F.) Conicule.  This star, which
 gives its name to the Dogdaya, Dica conicnla'tea,
 because they commence when the sun  rises with
 it, was formerly believed to exert a powerful in-
 fluence on the animal economy.   The Dog-days
 occur at a period of the year when there is gene-
 rally great and oppressive heat, and therefore—
 it has been conceived—a greater liability to dis-
 ease.
   CAN IF, Knife.
   CANIN, Canine.
   CANINANiE RADIX, Cainca) radix.
   CANINE,  Cani'nua, Cyn'icus,  xvvixos,  from
 cania,  ' a  dog.'   (F.)  Canin.   That which has a
 resemblance to the structure, Ac, of a  dog.
   Canine  Fossa, Fossa Canlna, Ivfra-orbitar or
 Suborbitar fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  Canine.   A  small
1 
                  CANINUS                 16

depression on the superior maxillary bone, above
the dens caniniis, which gives  attachment to the
can inns or levator anguli oris muscle.
  Canine Lauch,  Sardon'ic laugh, Risue Cani'-
nus seu Sardon'icua seu Sardo'niua, R. de Sardo'-
nia, R.  involuutilrius, R.  spas'ticus,  Tortu'ra
Oris, Distor'sio Oris,  Gelas'mus, Sardlasis, Sar-
doni'asis, Trismus Sardon'icus  seu cyn'icus, Spas-
mus musculorum faciei seu cyn'icus, Prosopospas'-
mus, (F.) Ris canin, R. Sardonique, R. Sardonien,
R. moqueur.  A sort of laugh, the facial expres-
sion of which is produced  particularly by the
spasmodic  contraction of the Caniniis muscle.
Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spasm,
Spasmus caninus seu cyn'icus,  Convul'sio cani'na,
Trismus cyu'icua, may have  originated in the re-
semblance of the affection to certain movements
in tho  upper lip of the dog.  The Risus Sardon'-
icus is said to  have been so called from similar
symptoms having been induced by a kind of Ra-
nunculus that grows in Sardinia.
   Canine Teeth, Dentea Cani'ni, Cynodon'tes, D.
Lanitlrii, D. angula'rea, cuapida'ti, columella'res,
ocula'res, morden'tee, Eye Teeth, (F.) Dents ca-
nines,  laniaires, angulairea,  oculairea,  ozilleres ou
conoides.   The teeth between  the lateral incisors
and small molarcs, of each jaw ; — so named be-
cause they resemble the teeth  of the dog.
   CANINUS,  Levator anguli oris — c  Sentis,
Rosa canina,—c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh.
   CANIRAM,  Strychnos nux vomica.
   CANIRAMINC'M, Brucine.
   CANIRUBUS, Rosa canina.
   CANIS INTERFECTOR, Areratrum sababilla
—c. Ponticus, Castor  fiber.
   CANIT"IES, from canus, ' white.'   Whiteness
or grayness of the hair, and  especially of that of
the head. (F.)  Canitie. AVhen occurring in con-
sequence of old age, it is not a disease.  Some-
times, it  happens suddenly, and apparently in
consequence of severe  mental emotion.   The
causes, however, are not clear.  See Poliosis.
   CANKER, Stomacace—c. of the Mouth, Can-
cer aquaticus—c. Water, Cancer aquaticus.
   CANNA, see  Tous-les-Mois, Cassia  fistula,
Trachea—e. Brachii,  Ulna—c Domestica cruris,
Tibia—c. Fistula, Cassia fistula—c. Indica, Sa-
gittarium alexipharmacum — c". Major, Tibia —
c. Al inor, Fibula, Radius — c  Solutiva,  Cassia
fistula.
   CANNABIN, Bangue.
   CANNAIJTNA, from xawaPis, 'hemp.'  Reme-
dies composed of Cannabis Indica.—Pereira.
  Cannabina AQUATiCA,Eupatoriumcannabinum.
   CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue.  See, also,
Churrus, and Gunjah.
   Can'nabis Sati'va, (F.) Chanvre,  Chambrie.
The seed of this—Hempseed, Sem'ina Can'nabis,
(F.) Chhievia,  is  oily and  mucilaginous.  The
decoction is sometimes used in gonorrhoea.
   CANNACORUS RADICE  CROCEA,  Curcu-
ma lonira.
   CAXXAMELLE, see  Saccharum.
   CAXXE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus—
c. Congo, Costus — c. de Riviere, Costus — c. d
Sucre, see Saccharum.
   CAXXEBERGE,  Araccinium oxycoccos — c.
Ponctuec, A'accinium  vitis idasa.
   CAXXELE  ou CAXELE,  (F.) from canalia,
'a  canal:'  Su/ca'tus, Stria'tus, Canalicula'tus.
Having n  canal or groove  — as Muscle canneie
(Lieutaud,) the Gemini;  Corps canneUs ou atriea,
the  Corpora striata;  Sonde canneUe, a grooved
sound, Ac  See Grooved.
   C A X X E L L E,   Laurus  cinnamomum — c.
Blanche, Canella alba — c.  de la Chine, Laurus
cassia — c.  de  Coromandel,  Laurus  cassia — c.
Fauaae, Laurus cassia—c. Girofiee, Myrtus cary-
7                CAPBERN

ophyllata—c. dee Indce, Laurus cassia—c. deJava,
Laurus cassia—c. de Malabar, Laurus cassia—c.
Matte, Laurus cassia—c. Officinale, Laurus cin-
namomum—c. Poivree, see AVintera aromatica.
  CANNULA, Canula.
  CANNULvE  PULAIONUM, Bronchia.
  CANOPUM, see Sambucus.
  CANOR  STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement me-
tallique.
  CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica.
  CANTABRUNO, Furfur.
  CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabasus.
  CANTATIO, Charm.
  CANTERBURY, AVATERS  OF, Aqua  Can-
tnarieilsea.   The waters  of Canterbury in Kent,
England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur, and
carbonic acid.
  CANTERIUM, Cantherius. ,
  CANTHARIDE TACHE TEE, Lytta vittata.
  CANTHARIDINE, see Cantharis.
  CAN'THARIS, from xavSapos,  ' a scarabaus ,■'
Musca Hispan'ica, Meloe vesieato'rius, Cantharis
vesicato'ria,  Lytta veaicato'ria,  Blistering Fly,
Blisterfly,  Blisterbeetle,  Spanish  Fly, Fly, (F.)
 Cantharides, Munches, M.  d'Espagne. This  fly
is much  employed in medicine.   It is the  most
common vesicatory.  Given internally, and even
when  absorbed from the skin, it affects the uri-
nary organs, exciting strangury.    This  may be
prevented,  in cases of blisters, by  interposing be-
tween the  blistering plaster  and  skin a piece of
tissue  paper.  Diluents  relieve   the  strangury.
Dose, half a grain to one grain. If kept dry, the
flies will retain their activity for  many years.
Their active principle, Can'tharidin, Cantharidi''-
na, has been separated from them.
  Cantharis A^ttata, Lytta vittata.
  CANTHE'RIUS, Cante'rium.  The  cross-piece
of wood in  the apparatus used by Hippocrates for
reducing luxations of the humerus.
  CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of the canthus
of the eye.
  CANTHOPLAS'TICE, from xavSos, 'the angle
of  the eye,' and nXaanxos,  'formative.'   The
formation,  by plastic operation, of  the angle of
the eye.
  CANTHUM, Candi.
  CANTHUS,  Epican'this,  An'gulue ocula'ris,
Fona lachryma'rum.  The corner  or angle of the
 eye.   The  greater canthua is the  inner angle,
Hircus, Hir'quus, Rhanter;  the  lesser canthus,
the outer angle, Paro'pia, Pega.
  CANTIA'NUS PULVIS.  A  co/dial powder,
known under the name ' Countess of Kent's pow-
der,' composed of coral,  amber, crab's eyes, pre-
pared pearls, Ac.  It was given in cancer.
  CANTION, Candi.
  CAN'ULA, Can'nula, Au'liscus, Aulos.  Di-
minutive of Carina, 'a  reed;'   Tu'bulus, (F.)
 Canule ou  Cannule.  A small  tube of gold, silver,
platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic gum, or  gutta
percha, used for various purposes in surgery.
  CA'OUTCHOUC.   The  Indian name  for In-
 dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum  Elastic, Gummi
elas'ticum,  Cauchuc,  Resi'na elas'tica  seu Cayen-
nen'sis, Cayenne  Resin, Cautchuc.  A substance
formed from the milky juice of Ha'vea seu He era
 Guianen'sis,  Jal'ropha   elas'tica  seu Sipho'nia
 Cahuchu, S.  elas'tica, Fieus Indica, and Artocar'-
 pus intcgrifo'lia:—South American trees.  It is
insoluble in water and alcohol; but boiling water
 softens and  swells it.   It is soluble  in  the  es-
sential oils and in ethvr, when it may be blown
into bladders.  It is used in the fabrication  of
catheters, bougies, pessaries,  Ac.
  CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory.
  CAPA-ISIAKKA : Bromelia ananas.
  CAPBERN,  AVATERS  OF.   Capbern  is in
1 
CAPELET
the department Hautes-Pyren6es, France.   The
waters contain sulphates and carbonates of lime
and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem-
perature, 75° Fahrenheit.  They are purgative.
  CAPELET, Myrtus caryophyllata.
  CAPELI'NA,  Capelllna,  (F.) Capeline;  A
 Woman's Hat, in French; Capis'trum, from caput,
' head.'   A sort of bandage, which, in shape, re-
sembles a riding-hood.   There are several kinds
of Capelinee.  1. That of the head, C. de la tete,
Fas'eia capita'lis.  See Bonnet d'Hippocrate.  C.
of the clavicle, employed in fractures of the acro-
mion, clavicle and spine of the scapula.  C. of an
amputated limb—the bandage applied round the
stump.
  CAPELLINA, Capelina.
  CAPER BUSH, Capparis  spinosa.
  CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris.
  CAPERS, see Capparis spinosa.
  CAPETUS, Imperforation.
  CAPHORA, Camphor.
  CAPHURA, Camphor.
   CAPILLAIRE,  Capillary, see Adiantum
capillus veneris — c. du Canada, Adiantum  pe-
datum — c.  de  Montpellier,  Adiantum capillus
veneris.
  CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from Capillus, 'a hair,'
 Cap)illit" ium,  Tricho'ma,  Trichoma'tion.   Any
villous or hairy covering.  Also, a small fibre or
fibril.
  CAPTLLARY, Capilla'ris, Capilla'ceua, from
capillus, 'a hair.'  (F.) Capillaire.  Hair-like;
small.
  Cap'illary Vessels, Vasa  capilla'ria,  (F.)
 Vaisseaux capillaires, are the extreme radicles
of the arteries and veins, which  together consti-
tute the capillary,  intermediate, or peripheral
vascular ayetem,—the metha'mata or methamat-
ous blood channels of Dr. Marshall Hall.  They
possess an action distinct from that of the heart.
  CAPILLATIO, Trichismus.
  CAPILLATUS, Impuber.
  CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum, Entropion,
Scalp.
  CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia.
  CAPIL'LUS, quasi CapitisPilue, Coma, Chate,
Crinis,  Pi/us, Thrix,  Casa'ries, (F.)  Cheveu.
This term is generally applied to the hair of the
head, Pili seu Honor cap'itis, the characters of
which vary, according to races, individuals, Ac
Hairs arise in the areolar membrane, where the
bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts—
o;ie,  external, tubular,  and  transparent,  of an
epidermoid character;  the  other, internal  and
sui  generis, which communicates to them their
colour.  The  hair is insensible,  and grows from
the root.
  Capillus Veneris, Adiantum capillus veneris
—c. V. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum.
  CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'nium, from caput,
'the head,' and plenum, 'full.' A word, employed
with different significations.  A variety of catarrh.
— Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder in the
head common at Rome, like the xapnPapia, Care-
baria, of the Greeks.—Baglivi.
  CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis.
  CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus—
c. Auri, Borax.
  Capis'trum, Phimoa, Cemoa,  xvuos, 'a halter.'
This name has  been given to  several bandages
for the head.—See Capeline,  Chevestre.
  CAPITALIA REMEDIA, Cephalic remedies.
  CAPITALIS, Cephalic.
  CAPITELLUM, Alembic,  see Caput.
  CAPITEUX, Heady.
  CAPITILU'VIUM, from  caput, 'the  head,'
and lavare, ' to wash.'  A bath for the head.
CAPSICUM
  CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium.
  CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia.
  CAPITITRAHA, from caput,  ' the head,' and
trahere, ' to draw.'  Instruments which, like the
forceps, draw down the head of the foetus when
impacted in the pelvis.
  CAPITO'NES, from caput, 'the head.'  Ma-
croceph'ali,  Proceph'ali.  Foetuses whoso heads
are so large as to render labour difficult.
  CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Caput-
c Costas, see  Costa — c. Laryngis, Corniculum
laryngis — c. Martis,  Eryngium campestre — c,
Santorini, Corniculum laryngis.
  CAPITULUVIUM, Bath, (head.)
  CAPNISMOS, Fumigation.
  CAPNITIS, Tutia.
  CAPNOIDES CAA^A, Fumaria bulbosa.
  CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa.
  CAPNOS, Fumaria.
   CAPON, Cagot.
  CAPON SPRINGS.  A pleasant summer re-
treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain,
in Hampshire co., Va., 23 miles W. of Winchester
The waters in the vicinity are sulphurous and
chalybeate; — those at the springs alkaline and
diuretic.
   CAPOT, Cagot.
  CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'parie, Cappar,
Ca'pria, Prickly Caper Bush, (F.) Cdprier. Fa-
mily, Capparidese.   Sex. Syat. Polyandria Mono-
gynia.   The bark  of the  root, and the buds,
have been  esteemed  astringent  and  diuretic.
The buds are a well known pickle.—Capera, (F.)
Cdprea.
  Capparis Baduc'ca, Baduk'ka. A species of
caper,  cultivated in India  on account of the
beauty  of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  a
liniment with its  juice, with which  they  rub
pained parts.  The flowers are purgative.
  CAPPONE , WATERS OF.  At Cappone, in
the isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate
of soda, chloride  of sodium and carbonate of lime.
Temp.  100° Fah.
  CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolus, 'a tendril.'
Cissoides, E/ico'ides, (F.) Capreolaire. Twisted.
  Capreola'ria Vasa.  Some have called thus
the  spermatic arteries  and veins, on  account of
their numerous contortions.
  CAPREOLUS, Helix.
  CAPRES, see Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRIA, Capparis  spinosa.
  CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum.
  CAPRIER, Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRIFOLIA, Lonicera periclymenum.
  CAPRIFOLIUM DISTINCTUM,  Lonicera
periclymenum—c. Periclymenum, Lonicera peri-
clymenum — c  Sylvaticum,  Lonicera pericly-
menum.
  CAPRILOQUIUAI,  Egophony.
  CAPRIZANS  PULSUS,  see Pulse, caprizant.
  CAPSA, Boite, Capsule, Case—c. Cordis, Peri-
cardium.
  CAPSARIUM, Boitier.
  CAPSELLA   BURSA PASTORIS,  Thlaspi
bursa.
  CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum.
  Cap'sicum An'nuum, from xanrw, 'I bite.' The
systematic  name of the  plant whence  Cayenne
Pepper is obtained, — Piper In'dicum seu His-
pan'icum, Sola'num  urene, Siliquas'trum P/in'ii,
Piper Brazilia'num, Piper Guineen'ee, Piper Ca-
lecu'ticum, Piper Tur'eicum,  C. Hispan'ieum, Pi-
per Lusitan'icum, Cayenne Pepper, Guin'ea Pep-
per, (F.)Piment, Poivred'Inde, Poivre de Gninec,
Corail des Jardins.  The pungent, aromatic pro-
perties of Bacca Capsici, Capsicum Berries, Cap-
sicum (Ph. U.  S.), are  yielded to ether, alcohol,
and water.  They are highly stimulant and rube- 
                 CAPSIQUE

facient, and are used as a condiment.  Their ac-
tive principle is called Capsicin.
  Capsicum IIispanicum,  Capsicum annuum.
  ('APSIQUE, Capsicum annuum.
  CATS FITS, see Phacitis.
  CAI'SULA, Boitier — c Articularis, Capsular
ligament—c Cordis, Pericardium — c.  Dentis.
Dental  follicle — c  Lentis,  see  Crystalline — c.
Nervorum, Neurilemma.
  CAPSUL.E  SEMINALES, Vesiculas  S. — c.
Synoviales, Bursas mucosas.
  CAPSt'LAIRE,  Capsular.
  CAP'SULAR,  Capaula'ria, (F.)  Capaulaire.
Relating;  to a capsula or  capsule.
  Capsular Arteries, Suprare'nal Arteriea and
 Veins.  Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap-
sules.   They are divided into superior,  middle,
and inferior.  The first proceed from the  inferior
phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third
from the  renal artery.   The corresponding veins
enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal.
  Capsular Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum capsitla're,
Cap'sula  articula'ris, Artic'ular  capsule,  Fibrous
capsule, (F.) Ligament capaulaire, Capaule arti-
cu/airc,   Capaule  fibreux,  Ac   Membranous,
fibrous, and elastic  bags or capsules, of a whitish
consistence, thick, and resisting, which surround
joints.
,  CAPSULE,  Cap'sula, Capsa,  a box, or case,
(F.) Capsule.  This name  has  been given, by
anatomists, to parts bearing no  analogy  to each
other.
  Capsule, Cellular, of the Eye, see  Eye.
  Capsule, Fibrous, Capsular ligament.
  Capsule,  Gelat'inous,  Cap'sula  gelat'ina,
Capsule  of gelatin.  A  modern  invention by
which  copaiba and other disagreeable  oils can
be  enveloped in  gelatin  so  as  to conceal their
taste.
  Capsule of Glisson, Cap'sula  Glisso'nii,  C.
commu'nis Glisso'nii, Vagina Porta, V. Glis-
so'nii.  A sort of membrane, described by Glis-
son, which is nothing more than  dense  areolar
membrane surrounding the  vena  porta  and its
ramifications in the liver.
  Capsule of the  Heart, Cap'sula cordis. The
pericardium.
  Capsule, Ocular, see  Eye.
  Capsule,  Renal, Suprare'nal or Atrabil-
iary C,  Renal Gland,  Glan'dula  suprarena'lis,
Cap'sula  rcna'lis, suprarena'lis  vel atrabilia'ris,
Ren succenturia'tus, Ncphrid'ium, (F.)  Capsule
surrenale ou atrabiliaire.  A flat,  triangular body,
which  covers the upper part of the  kidney,  as
with a  helmet.   A hollow cavity in the  interior
contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The
renal capsules were  long supposed to be the secre-
tory organs of the  fancied  atrabilis.   They are
much  larger  in  the foetus  than  in  the adult.
They are probably  concerned in  lymphosis.
  Capsule, Sem'inal, Cap'sula semina'lie. Bar-
tholine thus designates the extremity of the vas
deferens,  which is sensibly dilated  in the  vicinity
of the vesiculas semmales.  Some anatomists ap-
ply this name to the vesiculas themselves.
  Capsule, Syno'vial, Capaula Synovia'lia.  A
membranous bag, surrounding the movable arti-
culations  and canals, which gives passage to ten-
dons.  Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti-
cular surface, a fluid, whose function is to favour
the motions of parts upon each other.  See Bursa
mucosa, and Svnovia.     ,
  CAPSULE SURREXALE ou  ATRA-
BI LI ARE, Capsule, renal.
  CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
  CA P UCHO X,  Trapezius.
  CAPUCIXE, Tropaolum majus.
  CAPULIES, Prunus capulin.
)                 CARB0

   CAPULUS, Scrotum.
   CAPUT, 'the head.'  Also, the top of a boDe
 or other part,  (F.)  Tete.   The  head of small
 bones is sometimes termed capit'ulum, capitellum,
 cephalid'ium,  ceph'alia,  cephalium.  Also, the
 glans penis.
   Caput Asperse Arteria, Larynx — c. Coli,
 Caecum—c. Gallinaceum, see Gallinaginis caput
 —c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis caput—c. Ge-
 nitale, Glans—c  Lubricum, Penis—c. Monachi,
 Leontodon Taraxacum—c.  Obstipum, Torticollis
 —c. Penis, Glanu.
   Caput  Pur'gia,  Capitipur'gia.   Remedies,
 which the  ancients regarded as proper for purg-
 ing the head :—errhinee, sternutatories, apophleg-
 matisantia, Ac. Prosper Alpinus makes the caput
 purgia to be the same as errhines;  and the apo-
 phlegmatismi  the  same as the masticatories of
 the moderns.
   Caput Scapula, Acromion.
   Caput Succeda'neum. A term  sometimes used
 for the tumefied scalp, which first presents in cer-
 tain cases of labour.
   Caput Testis, Epididymis.
   CAQUE- SA NG UE,  Cague-sangue.   Old
 French words which signify Bloody evacuations,
 (F.) Dejections sanguinolentes.  They come from
 cacare, 'to go to stool,' and sanguis, 'blood.'  Un-
 der this term was comprehended  every affection,
 in which blood is discharged  from the bowels.
   CARA  SCHULLI, Frutex In'dicus spino'xus,
 Barle'ria buxifo'lia.   A Malabar plant,  which,
 when applied  externally, is maturative and resol-
 vent.  The decoction of its root is used, in the
 country, in ischuria.
   CARABAC'CIUM.  An aromatic wood of In-
 dia, of a yellowish colour,  and a smell like that
 of the clove.  Its decoction and  infusion aro
 given as stomachics and antiscorbutics.
   CAR'ABUS.  A genus of coleopterous insects.
 Two species, the chrysoceph1alus tuadferrugin'eus,
 have been recommended for the toothach. They
 must be pressed between  the  fingers, and then
 rubbed on  the gum and tooth affected.
   CAR ACTE RE, Character, Symbol.
   CARAGNA, Caranna.
   CARAMATA, Arumari.  A  tree in the inland
 parts of Pomeroon. It furnishes a febrifuge bark,
 which Dr.  Hancock says may be  used in  typhoid
 and remittent fevers where cinchona is either
 useless or pernicious.
   CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola.
   CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacamahaca, Caragna,
 Caran'na  Gummi,  G.  Brelisis,  Gum Carolina,
 (F.)  Caragne,  Gomme Caragne  ou Carane.  A
 gum-resinous  substance, which  flows from a large
 tree in New Spain, and is obtained  from South
 America in impure masses. It  preserves  its soft-
 ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and
 a slightly acrid and bitter taste.  It was formerly
 used as a vulnerary and in plasters.
   CARAAVAY, Carum.
   CARBASA, Linteum.
   CARBASUS, Linteum.
   CARBO, Carbo Ligni, Charcoal, (F.) Charbon.
 Fresh Charcoal is antiseptic.   It is used to im-
 prove  the  digestive organs in cases of worms,
 dyspepsia, Ac.; as  a cataplasm to gangrenous
 and fetid  ulcers, tinea,  Ac, and forms "a good
 tooth-powder.  Dose, gr. x  to £j.  Also, Anthrax.
   Carbo Anima'lis,  Carbo carnis, Animal char-
 coal,  (F.)  Charbon animal.  In  the  Pharmaco-
 poeia of the  United States, it  is directed to be
 prepared from bones.  It  is  given in the same
 cases as Carbo Ligni, and  has been  extolled in
 cancer.  Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iij.
   The Pharmacopoeia of the  United States  coo
1G 
CARBON
170
CARDIA
tains a formula for the preparation  of Carbo
Anima'lis  Purifica'tus, Purified animal char-
coal (Carbon, animal. Ibj ; Acid muriat., Aqua
aa,  fjjxij.)   Pour the muriatic acid, previously
mixed with the water, gradually upon the char-
coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days,
occasionally  stirring  the  mixture.  Having al-
lowed  the  undissolved portion to subside, pour
off  the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal fre-
quently with water  until it is entirely free  from
acid, and lastly dry it.
  Carbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal.
  Carbo Huma'num.  The human excrement.—
Paracelsus.
  Carro Ligni, Carbo — c. Mineralis,  Graphites
— c. Palpebrarum, Anthracosis — c  Spongias,
Spongia usta.
  CARBON,  SESQUI-IODIDE  OF,  Carbonis
sesqui-iodidum — c  Bisulphuret of, Carbonis sul-
phuretum—c. Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum
c. Terchloride of, Chloroform.
  CAR'BONAS or  CARBO'NAS.  A carbonate.
(F.) Carbonate.  A  salt, formed by the combina-
tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base.
  Carbonas Natricum, Sodas  carbonas.
  CARBONATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammo-
nias carbonas.
  CAR'BONATED,  Carbona'tus, Aera'tus, (F.)
Carbone, Aeri.  That which is impregnated with
carbonic acid.
  CARBONE, Carbonated.
  CARBONEUM CHLORATUM, Chloroform.
  CARBONTC  ACID, Ac"idum Carbon'icum,
Solid Air  of Hales, Factitious  Air, Fixed Air,
Carbona'ceous Acid,  Calca'reoua Acid,  Aerial
Acid,  Mephit'ic Acid, S])ir'itus  letha'lis,  (F.)
Acide Carbonique.   This gas, which neither sup-
ports respiration nor combustion, is  not often
used in medicine.  It is the main agent in effer-
vescent draughts, fermenting poultices, Ac. It
is often found ocenpying the lower parts of mines
— when it  is called the  choke damp — caverns,
tombs, wells, brewers' vats, Ac, and not unfre-
quently has  been the cause  of death.   Lime
thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid.
  CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM,  C.Sesqui-
Iodure'turn, Sesqui-I'odide or  Sesqui-Iod'uret of
Carbon.  This is made by mixing concentrated
alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until
the  former loses its colour; a solution is obtained
from which water throws down a yellow precipi-
tate— the sesqui-iodide of carbon.  It has been
used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous
affections,   applied  externally,  (gss to ^vj of
cerate.)
  Carbo'nis  Sulphure'tum, Sulphure'tum  Car-
bo'nii,  Sul'fidum Carbo'nii, Carbo'nium Sulphu-
ra'tum, Alcohol Sulphuris, Bisulphure'turn Car-
bo'nii, Sulphuret of Carbon, Bisulphuret of Car-
bon, Carburet of Sulphur, (F.) Sulfure de Carbon.
This transparent, colourless fluid, which has a
very penetrating, disagreeable odour, and a taste
which is cooling at first, but afterwards  acrid and
somewhat aromatic, is a diffusible excitant. It
is diaphoretic, diuretic, and has been said to have
proved emmenagogue. It is also used in nervous
diseases as  an antispasmodic.  Dose, one drop to
four, repeated frequently.
  It is used externally, where a cooling influence
has  to be rapidly exerted, and has been inhaled
as an anassthetic.
  CARBONIUM SULPHURATUM,   Carbonis
sulphuretum.
  CARBUNCLE, Anthrax —c. Fungous,  Ter-
nnnthus —  c. of  the Tongue,  Glossanthrax — c.
Berry, Terminthus.
  CARBUNCLED FACE, Gutta rosea.
  CARBUNCULAR EXANTHEM, Anthracia.
   CARBUNCULATIO  OCULI, Blepharanthra-
 cosis.
   CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax —c. Anginosus,
 Cynanche maligna—c. Contagiosus, see Anthrax
 — c. Gallicus, see Anthrax — c. Hungaricus, see
 Anthrax—c Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua-
 ticus—c Polonicus, see Anthrax—c Pulnionuin,
 Necropneumonia—c. Septentrionalis, see Anthrax.
   Carbun'culus Rubi'nus.  A red, shining, and
 transparent stone, from  the Isle of  Ceylon; for-
 merly  employed in medicine as  a preservative
 against several poisons, the plague, Ac.
   Carbunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanche ma-
 ligna.
   CAR'CAROS, from xapxaipw,  ' I resound,' ' I
 tremble.'  A  fever, in which the patient has a
 general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing
 noise in the ears.
   CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancreuae.
   CARCINOIDES, Cancroid.
   CARCINO'MA,  Cancero'ma,  Cancro'ma, from
 xapxivos, 'a crab.' Some authors have thus called
 indolent tumours different from  cancer; others,
 incipient cancer; and others, again, the species
 of cancer in which the affected structure assumes
 the appearance  of cerebral  substance;  but the
 majority of authors use Carcinoma  in the same
 sense as Cancer.
   Carcinoma Alveolare, Colloid—c Fibrosum,
 Scirrhus—c Hasmatodes, Hasmatodes fungus—c.
 Intestinorum, Enteropathia  cancerosa — c. Lin-
 guae, Glossocarcinoma—c of the Liver, Hcpato-
 scirrhus — c.  Medullare, Encephaloid — c Mela-
 nodes,  Cancer, melanotic—c Melanoticum, Me-
 lanosis— c. Simplex, Scirrhus—c. Spongiosum,
 Encephaloid,  Hasmatodes fungus—c. Scroti, Can-
 cer, chimney-sweepers'—c. Uteri, Metrocarcino-
 ma, Metroscirrhus—c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus;
 see Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pylorica.
   CARCINOM'ATOUS.  Relating to Cancer.
   CARCINOME MOUET SPONGIEUX, En-
 cephaloid— c. Sanglant, Encephaloid,  Hajnia-
matodes fungus.
  CARCINOS, Cancer.
  CARCINOSES, (G.) Karsinosen, from xap-
xivos, 'a crab.'  A  family of diseases,  according
to the  classification of Fuchs;  which embraces
the different forms of Cancer.
  CARCINOSUS, Cancerous.
  CARCINUS SPONGIOSUS, Encephaloid.
  CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis, Le-
pidium Iberis.
  CARDAMINDUM MAJUS, Tropasolum
majus.
  CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas-
turtium—c. Nasturtium, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
  Cardami'ne Praten'sis, Cardamine, Carda-
man'tica,  Nastur'tium  Aqualicum, Car'damon,
 Culi flos, Poe'ris sojih'ia, Nastur'tium praten'se,
Ladies-smock,  Cuckoo-flower,   Common  Bitter
 Cress, (F.) Cresson elegant, Cresson des pres, Pas-
serage  sauvage.  Ord.  Cruciferas.   The  flowera
have been considered useful as antispasmodics,
 in the  dose of ^j  to ^ij.   They are probably
inert.
   CARDAMOM, LESSER, Amomum cardamo-
 mum.
   CARDAMOME, Amomum cardamomum — c.
 de la Cote de  Malabar, Amomum cardamomum.
  CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum grana
 paradisi — c.  Minus, Amomum  cardamomum —
 c Piperatum, Amomum  grana paradisi—c. AVild,
 Fagarastrum  Capense.
   CARDAMON, Cardamine pratensis.
   CARDAMUM MAJUS, Tropasolum majus.
   CARDERE, Dipsacus sylvestris—c. Cultivi,
 Dipsacus fullonum.
   CARDIA,  xaplia,  'the  heart.'  Stom'achus, 
CARDIAC
171
CARDIOSTENOSIS
 Orific"ium  ainia'trum  seu Ingres'aua  supe'rior
 ventric'uli.  The superior or  oesophageal orifice
 of the stomach, — Orific"ium ventric'uli ainia'-
 trum.  Also, the Heart.
   CAR'DIAC,  Cardi'acus,  from  xaplia,  'the
 heart,;' or tho upper orifice of the stomach.  (F.)
 Curdiaqiie. Relating to the heart or to the upper
 orifice of the stomach.  A cordial.
   Caiidiac Ar'teries,  Cor'onary arteries, (F.)
 Arteres  cardiaques ou  coronaires,  are two  in
 number.  They arise from the  aorta, a little above
 the  free  edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis-
 tributed on both surfaces  of the heart.
   Car'diac Gan'glion,  Gan'glion cardlacum,
 situated beneath  the  arch of the aorta to the
 right side of tho ligament of the ductus arteriosus.
 It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite
 sides of  the neck, and a branch from the pneu-
 mogastric, and gives off  numerous  branches  to
 the  cardiac plexuses.
   Cardiac Nerves, (F.) Nerfscardiaques. These
 are  commonly three on  each side;  a  euperior,
 middle and inferior, which are furnished by cor-
 responding cervical ganglia.   Commonly, there
 are  but two on the left side;  the upper  and mid-
 dle, which draw  their origin  from the last two
 cervical ganglia.  Scarpa calls  the  euperior —
 Cardi'acus superficia'lis; the middle—C.profun-
 dus seu  C. magnus ; and the inferior — C. parvus
 sen  minor.  There are, besides, Cardiac filaments,
 (F.) Filets cardiaques, furnished by the par va-
 gum or  pneumo-gastric  nerve, which become
 confounded with the above.
   Cardiac Plexus, Plexus  cardi'acus.  There
 are  three cardiac plexuses.  1. The great cardiac
 plexus is situated upon the bifurcation of the tra-
 chea.  It is formed by the convergence of the middle
 and inferior cardiac nerves;  and by  branches
 from the pneumogastric,  descendens noni, and
 first thoracic ganglion.  2. The  anterior cardia%
 plexus is situated in front of the ascending aorta
 near its  origin.  It is formed by filaments from
 the  superior cardiac nerves; from  the cardiac
 ganglion; and from the great cardiac plexus.
 Filaments from this  plexus accompany the left
 coronary artery,  and form the anterior  coronary
 plexus.  3. The piosterior cardiac plexus is seated
 upon the posterior part of the ascending aorta
 near its origin.  It is formed by numerous branches
 from the great  cardiac plexus.  It  divides into
 two sets  of branches, which together constitute
 the ]}ostcrior coronary plexus.
   Cardiac  ArElNS,  Coronary  veins, (F.) Veines
 Cardiaques, are commonly four in number; two
 anterior  and two posterior.  They open into the
 right auricle by  one orifice, which is furnished
 with a valve, and is called, by Portal, Sinus coro-
 naire du Cwur.
   CARDIAC A  CRISPA,  Leonurus cardiaca —
 c. Passio,  Cardialgia — c. Trilobate, Leonurus
 cardiaca — c. A'ulgaris, Leonurus cardiaca.
   CARDIACUS. Cordial, Stomachal.
   CARDIAC M US, Cardialgia.
   CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio arthrit'ica  cordis;
 from xaplta, 'the  heart,' and  aypa, 'seizure.'
 Gout of the heart.
   CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'phia,  from
 xaplia, 'the heart,' and ypatpn, 'a description.'
 An anatomical description of the heart.
  CARMTAL'GTA,  Cardiaca  Passio,  Col'ica
 Ventric'uli,  Spasmus   Ventric'uli, Pcrodyn'ia,
 Cordo'lium,  Cardila'a, Dyspepsadyn'ia,  Dyspep-
 siodyn'ia, Dyspeptodyn'ia,  Peratodyn'ia,  Car-
diod'yne, Gastral'gia, Gasteralgia, Gastrocol'ia,
 Gastrod'yne,  Pas'sio  Cardiaca,  Stomachalgia,
Stomacal'gia, Gastrodyn'ia, Cardi'acus  Morbus,
 Cardiog'mus, Cardialgy; from xaplta, 'the  car-
diac  orifice  of the  stomach,'  and aAyoy, ' pain.'
 Pain of the  stomach, (F.) Douleur de VEstomac,
 D. nevralgique de  VEstomac.  Also, Heartburn,
 (F.) Cardialgie, Ardeur  d'Estomac, A. du Coeur.
 Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain
 in the stomach or epigastrium,—Morsus vel ardor
 ventric'uli, Morsus etom'achi, Soda, Limo'sis car-
 dialgia mordens, Rosio  Stom'achi seu  Ventric'-
 uli : —a symptom of dyspepsia.
   Cardialgia  Inflammatoria,  Gastritis — c.
 Sputatoria, Pyrosis.
   CARDIALOG"IA, from  xaplta,  'the heart,'
 and .\oyos, 'a discourse.'  A treatise on the heart.
   CARDIANASTROPIIE, Ectopia cordis.
   CARDIARCT1E, Heart,  concentric hypertro-
 phy of the.
   CARDIA'RIUS; same etymology.   A name
 given to a worm, said to have been found in the
 heart or pericardium.
   CARDIATOM'IA,  from  xaplta,  'the heart,
 and repveiv, 'to cut.'  Dissection of the heart.
   CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
   CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
   CARDIECTASIS, see Aneurism  of the heart
 — c Partialis, Aneurism of the heart.
   CARDIELCOSIS'; from  xaplta,  'the heart,'
 and 'eXxos, 'an ulcer.'  Ulceration of the heart.
   CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis.
   CARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of the heart.
   CARDIL.EA,  Cardialgia.
   CARDIM'ELECH, from  xaplta,  'the heart,'
 and I/O, Melek,  (Hebr.,) 'a governor.'  A sup-
 positious active principle seated in the heart, and
 governing the vital functions.—Dolasus.
   CARDINAL FLOAVER, Lobelia cardinalis —
 c Blue,  Lobelia syphilitica.
   CARDINAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalis.
   CARDINAMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gomphosis.
   CARDIOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedicta.
   CARDIOCE'LE, from xaplia, ' the heart,' and
 xnXv, 'rupture.'   Hernia of the heart, especially
 into the  abdominal  cavity.
   CARDIOCLASJE, Cardiorrhexis.
   CARDIOD'YNE, Cardiodyn'ia; from xaplia,
 ' the heart, the stomach,' and olvvn, ' pain.'  Pain
 in the heart.   Also, Cardialgia.
   Cardiodyne Spasmodica  Intermittens, An-
 gina pectoris.
   CARDIOG'MUS. Hippocrates employed this
 word synonymously with cardialgia.  In the time
 of Galen it was used, by some writers, for certain
 pulsations of the heart, analogous to palpitations.
 Sauvages understood by Cardiogmus an aneurism
 of the heart or great vessels,  when still obscure.
 Also, Angina pectoris.
   Cardiogmus Cordis Sinistri, Angina pectoris.
   CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis seu Mala'cia
 seu Malax'is seu Mollil'ies  Cordis,  (F.) Ramol-
 lissement du  Coeur,  from xaplta, 'the heart,' and
 paXaxta, ' softness.'  Softening of the heart, caused
 by inflammation of the organ, or a consequence
 of some lesion of the function of nutrition.
   CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS, Steatosis  cordis.
   CARDIONCHI, see Aneurism.
   CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris.
   CARDIOPALMUS, Cardiotromus.
   OARPIOPERICARDITIS. see Pericarditis.
   CARDIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus cordis;
 from  xaplta,  'the heart,' and pcv/na,  'defluxion,
 rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the heart.
  CARDIORRHEXTS,  Cardioclasie,  (Piorry,)
 Ruptu'ra cordis,  (F.)  Rupture du  Coeur, from
 xaplta, 'the heart,' and pn^ts, 'laceration.'  Lace-
ration of the heart.
  CARBIOSCLEROSIE. (Piorry) from xaplta,
 'the heart,' and axXnpos, 'hard.' (F.) Endureisse-
me n't d u C<vur.  Induration of the heart.
  CABDIOSTENO'SIS, Stcnocar'dia, from xap 
CARDIOTRAUAIA
172
CARNATION
Sia,' the heart,' and arevwais,' contraction.'  Con-
traction of the openings of the heart.
  CARDIOTRAU'AtA, from xaplia, 'the heart,'
and rpavpa, 'a wound.'  A wound of the heart.
  CARDIOT'ROMUS, Paljnta'tio Cordis  trep'-
idans,  Cardiopal'mus, Trepida'tio Cordis, from
xaplta, ' the heart,' and rpopos, ' tremor.'  Rapid
and feeble palpitation, or fluttering of the heart.
  CARDIOT'ROTUS, from xaplia, 'the heart,'
and  nrpoaxw,  ' I wound.'   One affected with  a
wound of the heart.—Galen.
  CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
  CARBITE, Carditis.
  CARDI'TIS, from  xaplia, 'the heart, and the
termination  itis.   Inflammation of the fleshy
substance of  the  heart.   Empres'ma Carditis,
Inflamma'tio Cordis, Inflamma'tio Carditis, Cau-
ma  Carditis, Myocarditis, Carditis Muscula'ria,
(F.) Inflammation du Coeur, Cardite.  The symp-
toms  of this  affection are by no means  clear.
They are often confounded with those of pericar-
ditis, or inflammation of the membrane investing
the heart.  Carditis, indeed, with many, includes
both the inflammation of the investing membrane
and that of the heart itself.  See Pericarditis, and
Endocarditis.
  Carditis  Externa, Pericarditis — c Interna,
Endocarditis — c Muscularis, Carditis —c Mem-
branosa., Pericarditis—c.  Polyposa, Polypi  of the
heart—c. Serosa, Pericarditis.
  CARDO, Ginglymus.
  CARDOPATIUM, Carlina acaulis.
  CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus —c.
Benedictus, Centaurea benedicta/—c. Brazilianus,
Bromelia ananas—c Domesticus capite majori,
Cynara scolymus — c Hemorrhoidalis,  Cirsium
arvense.
  Car'duus Maria'nus,  Car'duua Ma'ria, Sil'y-
bum,  S. Maria'num seu  macula'tum., Carthamua
macula'tua, Cir'aium macula'tum, Car'duua lac'-
teua, Spina alba, Common Milk  Thistle, or Ladies'
Thistle, (F.) Chardon-Marie. The herb is a bitter
tonic  The seeds are oleaginous.  It is not used.
  Carduus  Pineus, Atractylis  gummifera — c.
Sativus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sativus  non-
spinosus, Cynara scolymus — c. Solstitialis, Cen-
taurea calcitrapa—c. Stellatus, Centaurea calci-
trapa—c Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium—
c. Veneris, Dipsacus fullonum.
  CAREBARESIS, Carebaria.
  CAREBA'RIA or CAREBARI'A, Carebare'-
sis, from xapn, 'the head,' and  Papos,  'weight.'
Scordine'ma, Cereba'ria, Scordinis'mus, Cardine'-
ma.  Heaviness of the head.—Hippocrates, Galen.
  CARE'NA,  Kare'na.   The twenty-fourth part
of a drop.—Ruland and Johnson.
  CAREUM,  Carum.
  CAREX ARENARIA, SarsaparillaGermanica.
  CARIACOU.  A beverage,  used in Cayenne,
and formed of a mixture of cassava,  potato, and
sugar fermented.
  CARICA, Ficus  carica.
  Car'ica  Papa'ya, Papaw tree, (F.) Papayer.
Ord. Artocarpeas.  A native of America, India,
and Africa.   The fruit has somewhat of the fla-
vour of the pumpkin, and  is  eaten like  it.   The
milky juice of the  plant  and the seed and  root
have been regarded as anthelmintic.
  CAR'ICUM.  Said to have  been named after
its  inventor  Caricus.   Car'ycum.  A detergent
application to ulcers; composed of black  helle-
bore, sandaraeh, copper,  lead, sulphur, orpiment,
cantharides, and oil of cedar.—Hippocrates.
  CARIE. Caries—c. des Bents, Dental gangrene.
  CARIE, Carious.
  CA'RIES, Nigril'ies Os'sium.  An ulceration
of bone, — Necrosis being  death  of a bone.   It
resembles the gangrene of soft parts.  Hence it
has been termed Caries  gangrano'sa, Gangra'na
Ca'ries, G. Os'sium, Terr'do, Arro'sio, Euros, (F.)
Carie.   It is recognised by the swelling of the
bone which precedes and accompanies it; by the
abscesses it occasions;  the fistulas which  form;
the sanious  character, peculiar odour and  quan-
tity of the  suppuration,  and  by the  evidence
afforded by probing. The most common causes
of caries are blows; — the action of some virus,
and morbid  diathesis.  AVhen  dependent on any
virus in  the system, this  must be combated by
appropriate  remedies.   When  entirely  local, it
must be converted, where practicable, into a state
of necrosis or death of the affected part.   For
this end stimulants, the actual cautery, Ac, are
applied.
  Caries, Dentium, Dental gangrene—c. Puden-
dorum, see Chancre—c. of the \Tertebras, Arerte-
bral disease — c. Vertebrarum, Arertebral disease.
  CARIE UX, Carious.
  CARIM  CURINI, Justitia ecbolium.
  CARI'NA, ' a ship's keel.'   The vertebral co-
lumn, especially of the foetus.   Also, the breast-
bone bent inwards.  Hence, Pectus carina'turn:
—the chest affected with such  deformity.
  CA'RIOUS,  Cario'sus,  Euro'des,  (F.) Carie,
Oarieux.  Affected with caries.
  CARIUAI  TERR.E, Calx.
  CARIVE, Myrtus pimenta.
  CARTVILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla,
  CARLINA, ' Carline Thistle.'
  Carli'na Acaul'is,  C. chama'leon, Chama'-
leon album, Cardopa'tium, (F.) Carline sans tige,
which grows in the Pyrenees,  and on the moun-
tains of Switzerland, Italy, Ac, has been recom-
mended as a tonic, emmenagogue, and sudorific.
  Carlina Chameleon, C. acaulis.
  CARLINE SANS TIGE,  Carlina acaulis.
  CARLO   SANCTO RADIX.  'St.  Charles's
Hoot': found in Mechoachan,  in  America.  The
bark is aromatic,  bitter and acrid.   It is  consi-
dered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the guma
and stomach.
  CARLSBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Carlsbad is a town in  Bohemia, 24 miles from
Egra, celebrated for its hot baths.  The water
contains about 47  parts in the  100 of purging
salts.  It is a thermal saline;  temperature 121°
to 167° Fahrenheit. The constituents are—car-
bonic acid,  sulphate of  soda, carbonate  of soda,
and chloride of sodium.
  CARMANTINE, Justitia pectoralis—c. Pecto-
rale, Justitia pectoralis.
  CARMEN, 'a verse.'   An  amulet. A charm,
which, of  old, often consisted of a verse.  See
Charm.
  CARMINANTIA, Carminatives.
  CARMINATIVA, Carminatives.
  CARMIN'ATIVES,  Carminan'tia seu Carmi-
nati'va, from carmen, ' a verse,' or  ' charm,' An-
tiphys'ica,  Physago'ga,  Xan'tica, (F.) Carmina-
tifs. Remedies which allay pain, 'like a charm,'(?)
by  causing  the expulsion of flatus from the  ali-
mentary canal.  They are generally of  the class
of aromatics.
  The Four Greater Carminative Hot Sleds,
 Quat'uor sem'ina  cal'ida majo'ra  carminatlva,
were, of old, anise, carui,  cummin, and fennel.
   The Four Lesser Carminative Hot Seeds,
 Quat'uor sem'ina  cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's
weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot.
   CARAIOT.   A name  given, by the alchymists,
to  the matter which they believed  to constitute
the Philosopher's  stone.
   CARNABADIA, Carum, (seed.)
   CARNABADIUM, Cuminum cyminum.
   CARNATIO, Syssarcosis.
   CARNATION,  Dianthus caryophyllus. 
                 CARNELIAN

  CARNELIAN, Cornelian.
  CARNEOLUS, Cornelian.
  CAR'NEOUS, Car'neous, Carno'sus, Sarco'des,
Tncarna'tua,  from caro, 'flesh.'   (F.)  Charnu.
Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh.
  Carneous Columns,  Fleshy Columns, Colum'-
na  Caruea, of the heart, (F.)  Colonnes charnues,
are muscular projections, situate in the cavities
of the heart. They are  called, also, Mus'culi Pa-
pilla' res.
  Carneous Fibres, Fleshy  Fibres, Mus'cular
Fibres, (F.) Fibres charnuea ou muaculaires, are
fibres belonging to a muscle.
  CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan-
teriuuus.
  CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of caro, 'flesh.'
The gum,—Gingiva.—Fallopius.
  CARNIFICA'TIO, Carnification — c Pulmo-
num, Hopatisation of the lungs.
  CARNIFICA'TION,  Camifica'tio,  from caro,
' flesh,'  and fieri, ' to become.'  Tranaformation
into flesh.   A morbid state of certain organs, in
which the tissue acquires a consistence like that
of fleshy or muscular parts.   It is sometimes ob-
served in hard parts, the texture  becoming sof-
tened, as  in Osteosarcoma.   AVhen it occurs in
the  lungs,  they  present a texture like that  of
liver.  Such is the condition of the foetal lung.
  CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCES'SUS.  An abscess,
which ordinarily occurs in the neighbourhood of
the  articulations, and whose  orifice is hard, the
sides thick and callous.—M. A. Severinus.
  CARNIVOROUS, Camiv'orue,  Sarcoph'a-
gna, Creatoph'agiis, Creoph'agus, (F.) Carnivore,
from caro, ' flesh,' and voro, ' I eat.'  That which
eats flesh.   Any substance which destroys excres-
cences in wounds, ulcers, Ac
  CARNOSA CUTIS, Panniculus carnosus.
  CARNOS'ITAS, (F.) Camoeite,  from caro,
'flesh.'  A  fleshy excrescence.
  CARNOSTTIES OF  THE URE'THRA, Car'-
unclea in the Ure'thra, (F.) Carnosites ou Caron-
cules de I'uretre.  Small fleshy excrescences or
fungous growths, which were, at one time, pre-
sumed to exist in the male urethra, whenever re-
tention  of urine followed gonorrhoea.
  Al. ^ullSrier uses the  terjsa. Carnosite venerienne
for  a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu-
mour, dependent upon the syphilitic virus.   See,
also, Polysarcia.
  CARNOSUS, Carneous.
  CARO,  Flesh—c Accessoria, see Flexor longus
digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (accesso-
rius)—c. Excrescens, Excrescence—c. Fungosa,
Fungosity—c. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland — c
Luxurians, Fungosity—c Orbicularis,  Placenta—
c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma—c Quadrata,
Palmaris brevis—c Quadratus Sylvii,  see Flexor
longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (ac-
ccssorius) — c A'iseerum, Parenchyma.
  CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua.
  CAKOBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua.
  CARO DES, Carotic.
  CAROLI. see Chancre.
  CAROLI'NA, NORTH, AIINERAL AVATERS
OF.  In the counties of AVarren, Montgomery,
Rockingham, Lincoln,  Buncomb, and Rowan,
there are  mineral springs.  They belong gene-
rally to  the  sulphureous or acidulous saline.
  CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL AVATERS
OF.   They  are numerous.  Pacolet Springs, on
tho  west bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur
and  iron.   Many, with similar projierties, but not
held in estimation, are scattered about the  State.
  CAROXCULE, Caruncle—c. Lachrymale, Ca-
runcle.
  CARONCULES  MYRTIFORMES,  Carun-
3             CARPHOLOGIA

culas myrtiformes — c. de I'Urltre, Carnosities ot
the urethra.
   CAROPI, Amomum cardamomum.
   CAROSIS, Somnolency.
   CAROTA, see Daucus carota.
   C A R 0 T' IC, Carol icua, Carol id, Carol idua,
 Caro'dea, Com'atose,  from xapos, ' stupor.'  (F.j
 Carotique.   Relating  to stupor or  carua — as a
carotic atate,—or to the carotids.
   Carotic  Arteries,  Carotids — c  Ganglion,
see Carotid Nerve — c. Nerve, Carotid nerve — c.
 Plexus, see Carotid Nerve.
   CAROTICA, Narcotics.
   CAROTICUS, Carotic.
   CAROTID, Carotic.
   CAROT'IDS, Carolidea, Carot'ica, Carotidea,
 Capita'lee, Jugula'rea, Sopiora'lea, Sopora'ria, So-
 porif'era, Somnif era,  Apoplec'tica, Lethar'gica
 (Arte'ria), the Carot'id Ar'teriea, Cephalic Arte-
riea, (F.) Arteres Carotides; from xapos, 'stupor.'
 The great arteries of the neck, which carry blood
 to the head.  They are divided into, 1. Primitive
 or common; the left of which arises from  the
 aorta, and the right from  a trunk, common to it
 and the subclavian. 2. External or pericephal'ic,
 branch  of the primitive, which extends from  the
 last to the neck of the condyle of the lower jaw ;
 and,  3.  Internal, Arte'ria cerebra'lis vel encc-
 phalica, another branch of the primitive,  which,
 arising  at the same place  as  the external, enters
 the  cranium, and terminates on a level with  the
 fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches.
   Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'lis Carot'icus,
 Canal inflexe de los temporal—(Ch.), Canal caro-
 tidien, is a canal in  the temporal bone, through
 which the  carotid artery and several nervous
 filaments pass.
   Carotid or Carotic Foramina, Foram'ina  Ca-
 rot'ica,  (F.) Trous carotidiens,  are distinguished
 into internal and external.   They are the  foram-
 ina at each extremity of the Canalis Caroticus.
   Carotid Ganglion, see Carotid nerve.
   Carotid Nerve, Carotic nerve, A'ervus  carot'-
icus.  A branch from the superior  cervical gan-
 glion of the great sympathetic, which ascends by
the side of the internal carotid. It divides into
two portions, which enter  the carotid canal, and,
by their communication with, each other and the
petrosal branch of the  vidian, form the carotid
 plexus.   They also frequently form a small gan-
gliform swelling on the under part of the  artery
—the carotic or carotid or cavernous ganglion,
ganglion of Laumonier.
   Carotid Plexus, see Carotid nerve.
   CAROTTE, Daucus  carota.
   CAROUA, Carum,  (seed.)
   CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua.
   CAROUGE, see Ceratonium siliqua.
   CARP AS A, Carbasa.
   CARPA'SIUM, Car'pasum,  and  Carpe'sium.
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, Ac, have given these
names,  and that of Carjpasos, to a plant, which
cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called
 Opocar'pason, onoxap-naaov, passed  for  a violent,
narcotic poison, and was confounded with myrrh
   CARPATHICUM,  see Pinus cembra.
   CARPE, Carpus.
   CARPENTARIA, Achillea millefolium.
   CARPESIUM, Carpasium.
   CARPHO'DES, Carphoides, from xap<pos, 'floc-
culus,'  and  eilos,  'resemblance'   Flocculent,
stringy; — as  mucus carphodea, flocculent  or
stringv  mucus.
   CARPHOLOG"IA, Tilmus, Carpolog"ia, Cro-
cidie'mna, Crocydis'mua,Flocco'rum veno'tio, Floe-
cile'gium, Tricholog"ia,  Crocidix'ia, Floccila'tion,
Floccita'tion, from xapthos, 'floc'culna,'  and Xeyw,
'I collect,' or 'pluck.' (F.) Carphologie.  Acti >n
17 
                 CARPHOS                 17

of gathering floeculi.  A delirious picking of the
bed-clothes, as if to seek some  substance, or to
pull the floeculi  from them.  It denotes  great
cerebral irritability and  debility, and is  an un-
favourable sign in fevers, Ac.
  CARPHOS, Trigonella fosnum.
  CARPIA, Linteum.
  CARPI.EUS, Palmaris brevis.
  CAR'PIAL,  Car'pian, Carpia'nus, Carpia'lis,
(F.) Carpien.9  Belonging to the  Carpus.
  Car'pial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Carpiens,
sure, 1. The fibrous fasciae, which unite the bones
of the carpus; and, 2.  The annular ligaments,
anterior and posterior.
  CARPIAN, Carpial.
  CARPIEN, Carpial.
  CARP ISM US,  Carpus.
  C A R P 0 B A L S A M U M, see  Amyris opobal-
samum.
  CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia—c  Spasm'odica,
Subsultus tendinum.
  CARPO-METACARPEUS  MINIMI  DIGI-
TI, Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti—c. Meta-
carpien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti—
c. Metacarpien du pouce, Opponens pollicis — c
Phalangeus minimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti
—c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Abductor  minimi
digiti—c. Phalangien du petit  doigt, Flexor par-
vus minimi digiti—c. Phalangien du pouce, Flexor
brevis pollicis manus—c. Sus-phalangien du pouce,
Abductor pollicis  brevis.
  CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and
pes, pedis,  ' the foot'  Relating to the wrist and
foot.
  Carpo-pedal Spasm, Cer'ebral epaemod'ic
croup.   A spasmodic affection of the  chest and
larynx in young children, accompanied by gene-
ral  or partial  convulsions. The disease commonly
occurs between the third and ninth month, and
is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa-
nied by a loud croupy noise on inspiration; the
thumbs being locked,  and the hands  and feet
rigidly bent for a  longer or shorter period.  The
seat of the disease is  evidently in  the cerebro-
spinal  axis, primarily or secondarily :  generally,
perhaps, it is  owing to erethism seated elsewhere,
but communicated *o the cerebro-spinal  centre,
and reflected  to the respiratory and other muscles
concerned.  It seems to be connected with dental
irritation,  and consequently,  in the treatment,
where such is the case, the gums should be freely
divided; after which, cathartics  and revulsives,
with the use of narcotics and appropriate diet,
will generally remove the affection ;  for although
extremely alarming, it is often not attended with
great danger.   See  Asthma thymicum.
  CARPOS, Fruit.
  CARPOT'ICA, from xapttos,  'fruit'  Diseases
affecting impregnation.   Irregularity,  difficulty
or danger produced by parturition :—the 3d or-
der, class Genctica,  of Good.
  CARPUS,  Carpis'mus,  Brachia'le,  Rasce'ta,
Raste'ta, Rascha, Rase'ta, Raset'ta,  the wrist.
(F.) Carpe, Poignet. The part between the fore-
arm and hand. Eight bones compose it,  (in two
rows.) In the superior row there are, from  with-
out to within—the Scaphdides or navicula're,
Luna're or semiluna're, Cuneifor'me, and Orbicu-
Ll re or pisifor'me.  In the lower row—Trape'-
lium, Trapezo'ides, Magnum, and Uncifor'me.
  CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus  crispus.
  CARRE DE LA CUISSE,  Quadratus femoris
- -c. dea Lombea, Quadratus lumborum — c. du
Menton, Depressor  lubii inferioris — c. du Pied,
Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
  2ARREAU, Tabes mesenterica.
U               CARTILAGO

   CARREE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis
 profundus perforans, (accessorius.)
   CARRELET,  (F.)  Acna triangnla'ria.   A
 straight needle, two  or three inches  long, the
 point of which is triangular; and which the
 ancients  used in  different  operations.  Also, a
 wooden,  triangular  frame  for fixing  a cloth
 through which different pharmaceutical prepara-
 tions are passed.
   CARROT, CANDAr, Athamanta cretensis—c.
 Deadly, Thapsia—c. Plant, Daucus carota.
   CARTHAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus  ma-
 rianus.
   Car'thamus  Tincto'rius,  Am'yron,  Cnicus,
 Crocua German'icua, Crocus Saracen'icus, Car'-
 thamum ojficina'rum,  Car'duus sativus, Safra'-
 num, Saffron-flower, Safflower, Bastard Saffron,
 Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthame, Safran bdtard,
 Carthame des Teinturiers.  Family,  Cynaioce-
 phaleas.  Sex. Sy8t. Syngenesia Polygamia asqua-
 lis.   The seeds are aromatic,  cathartic, and diu-
 retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of
 food; hence their name, Grainea  de Parroquet.
 The flowers, Car'thamue, (Ph. U. S.) are employed
 as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic, f ? ]
   CARTHEGON, see Buxus.
   CAR'TILAGE, Chondroa, Car'tiltigo, (F.) Car-
 tilage.   A solid part  of the animal body, of a
 medium consistence between bone and ligament,
 which in the foetus is a substitute for bone, but
 in the  adult exists only in the joints, at  the
 extremities of the  ribs, Ac.  Cartilages  are of a
 whitish  colour, flexible,  compressible,  and very
 elastic, and  some of them apparently inorganic.
 They are composed, according to J. Davy, of .44
 albumen, .55 water, and .01  phosphate of lime.
   CARTILAGE  ANONYME, Cricoid, (carti-
 lage)—c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis—c. Mucrone, Xi-
 phoid Cartilage—c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum
 laryngis—c Tarsal, see Tarsus.
   Cartilages, Articular, Obdu'cent Car'tilages,
 invest bony  surfaces, which are in contact; hence
 they are  called investing or incrusting cartilages,
 (F.) Cartilages de revetement ou d'encrovtement.
   Cartilages,  Interarticular, are such as are
 situate within the joints,  as in  the knee joint.
   Cartilages of  Ossifica'tion  are such as, in
 the progress of, ossification, have to form an in-
 tegrant part of bones ; as those of the long bones
 in the  new-born infant.   They are termed tem-
 porary;  the others being permanent.  All the
 cartilages, with the exception of the  articular,
 are  surrounded by a membrane analogous to the
 periosteum,  called Perichon'drium.
   Cartilages of the Ribs are, in some respects,
 only prolongations of the ribs.  Those of the nose,
 of the  meatus auditorius, and Eustachian tube,
 present a similar arrangement.  Other cartilages
 resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex-
 tures ; hence their name Fibro-cartilages.
   Cartilages, Semilunar, see Semilunar — c.
 Sigmoid, Semilunar cartilages.
   CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte-
 noid cartilages—c Semilunares, Semilunar carti-
 lages—c. Sigmoideas, Semilunar cartilages.
   Cartilaginis Arytenoid.*:.*: Capitulum, Cor-
 niculum laryngis.
   CARTILAG"INOUS,  Cartilagin'eus, Cartila-
 gino'aua,  Chondro'dea,  ChondroVdes, (F.)  Carti-
 lagineux.  Belonging to,  or resembling cartilage.
   Cartilaginous, Tissue, see Tissue.
   CARTILAGO,  Cartilage —c Clypealis, Thy-
 roid cartilage — c Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage
 — c. Guttalis, Ar3'tenoid cartilage — c.  Innomi-
 nata, Cricoid—c Mucronafa, Xiphoid cartilage—
 c. Peltalis,  Thyroid cartilage,  Xiphoid cartilage
 — c. Scutiformis, Thyroid cartilage — c. Uvifcr,
 Uvula—c. Xiphoides,  Xiphoid cartilage. 
CARUM
•  175
CASSIA
   CARUM, from Caria,  a province of Asia.
 A'pium carvi, Bu'nium carvi, Ligue'ticum carvi,
 Ses'eli carvi seu  carum,  Sium carvi,  Ca'reum,
 Carum ear'vi, Carvi, Cumi'num  praten'ee, Cams,
 Car'uon, the Car'away, (F.) Carvi, Cumin dea
 pres. Family, Umbelliferas.  Sex. Syat. Pentan-
 dria Digynia. The seeds, Carnaba'dia, Car'oua,
 are carminative.  Dose, gr.  x to  Jij, swallowed
 whole  or bruised.  The oil,  Oleum Car'u'i, (F.)
 Huile de carvi,  has the properties of the seeds.
 Dose, gtt. ij to vj.
   Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocasta-
 num.
   CAR'UNCLE, Carun'cula,  diminutive of caro,
 ' flesh.'   A small portion of flesh,  Sar'cium, Sar-
 cid'ium.  A fleshy excrescence,—Ecphy'ma car-
 un'cula, (F.)  Caroncule.
   Caruncle, Carnositas.
   Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities.
   Carun'cula   Lachryma'lis,  (F.)  Caroncule
 lacrymale.   A small,  reddish,  follicular  body,
 Bituate at the inner angle of the  eye.  It secretes
 a gummy substance.
   CARUN'CULA  CUTICULARES, Nymphas.
   Carunculve  Mamilla'res.  The  extremities
 of the  lactiferous tubes in  the  nipples.  The
 olfactory nerves  have been so called by some.
   Caruncul^E   Myrtifor'mes,   C.  Vagina'les,
 Glailditla  myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caroncules  myrti-
 formca.  Small,  reddish tubercles, more  or less
 firm, of variable form,  and uncertain number,
 situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed
 by the mucous  membrane.  They are  regarded
 as the remains of the hymen.
   Caruncul^e Papillares,  Papillas of the kid-
 ney.
   CARUN'CULOUS, Carun'cular.  Relating to
 caruncles or carnosities.
   CARUON, Carum.
   CARUS, xapos, Sopor caro'ticus, Profound sleep.
 The  last degree  of coma, with complete insensi-
 bility, which  no  stimulus can remove, even for a
 few instants.  Sopor, Coma, Lethargia, and Ca-
 rua, are four degrees of the same condition.
   Carus Apoplexia,  Apoplexy — c Asphyxia,
 Asphyxia—c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy—c. Ecstasis,
 Eestesis—c Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in-
 ternus—c  ab Insolatione,  Coup de aoleil—c. Le-
 thargus, Lethargy—c Lethargus cataphora, Som-
 nolency —  c Lethargus vigil, Coma vigil — c.
 Paralysis, Paralysis — c.  Paralysis paraplegia,
 Paraplegia—c. Veternus, Lethargy.
   CARVI,  Carum.
   CARYA, Juglans regia — c Basilica, Juglans
 regia.
   CARYEDON  CATAGMA, see Fracture.
   CARYOCOSTTNUS, Caryocoatinum. An elec-
 tuary prepared of the costus and other aromatic
 substances,  Ac.   It was cathartic.  See Confectio
 scammonias.
   CAR YON PONT I CON, Corylus avellana
 (nut.)
   CARYOPHYLLA, Geum urbanum.
   CARYOPHYLLATA AQUATICA,  Geum ri-
 vale—c.  Nutans,  Geum rivale—c Urbana, Geum
 urbanum—c. A'ulgaris, Geum urbanum.
  CARYOPHYLLU.AI RUBRUM, Dianthus ca-
 ryophyllus.
  CARYOPIIYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr-
tus pimenta—c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl-
lata — c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — c
Pimenta, Myrtus  Pimenta — c. Arulgaris,  Geum
urbanum.
  CARYO'TI.  The best kind of dates.—Galen.
  CAS RARES  (F.), Rare cases.   This term is
used, by the French, for pathological facts, which
vary from what is usual.  See a celebrated article
 under this  head in the Dictionnaire des Science*
 Midicalea, Vol. IV.
   CASAMUM, Cyclamen.
   CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar.
   CAS'CARA, CAgCARIL'LA.  Spanish words,
 which signify  bark and little bark, under which
 appellations the bark  (Cinchona)  is known  in
 Peru.  They are now applied to the bark of Cro-
 ton  caacarilla.   The  bark-gatherers are called
 Cascarilleros.
   CASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla.
   CASCARILLEROS, see Cascara.
   CASCHEU, Catechu.
   CASE, Capsa, Theca, (F.)  Caisse.   This name
 is given to boxes for the preservation of  instru-
 ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital  or
 other service.  We say, e. g. — A case of ampu-
 tating, or of trepanning inelrumenta.
   Case,  Casus,  from cadere,  casum, 'to fall.'
 The condition of a patient; — as  a case of fever,
 Ac.  (F.) Observation. Also, the history of a disease.
   CASEARIUS, Cheesy.
   CA'SEIN,  Caseine,  Ca'seum, Galac'tine,  Ca-
 seous matter; from caseus, 'cheese.'  The only
 nitrogenized constituent of milk.   It is  identical
 in  composition with  the  chief constituents of
 blood,—fibrin and albumen, all being compounds
 of protein.  A similar principle exists in the vege-
 table, Vegetable Casein or Legu'min,  Veg"etable
 Gluten.  It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds
 —peas, beans, lentils.   Like  vegetable albumen,
 Casein is soluble in water;  and  the solution  is
 not coagulable by heat.
  Casein, Blood, Globulin.
  CASEOSUS, Cheesy.
  CASEOUS MATTER, Casein.
  CASEUM, Casein.
  CASEUS, Cheese—c Equihus,  Hippace.
  CASEUX, Cheesy.
  CASHEAV, Anacardium occidentale.
  CASHOO.  An aromatic drug of Hindoostan,
 said to possess pectoral virtues.
  CASHOW, Catechu.
  CASIA, Laurus cassia.
  CASMINA, Cassumuniar.
  CASMONAR, Cassumuniar.
  CASSA, Thorax.
  CASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot.
  CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot.
  CASSE AROMATIQUE,  Laurus cassia —c.
 en Bdtons, Cassia fistula—c. en Bois, Laurus cas-
 sia— c. dea Boutiques, Cassia fistula — c. >Se?ie,
 Cassia senna.
  CASSE-LUNETTES, Cyanus  segetum, Eu-
 phrasia officinalis.
  CASSEENA, Hex vomitoria.
  CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria.
  CASSIA,  Laurus cassia—c Absus, Absns — c.
 Acutifolia,  C. senna — c. ^Egyptian, C. senna—
 c Alexandrina,  C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C.
 fistula.
  Cassia Cham.ecris'ta, Prairie senna, Par-
 tridge Pea,  Wild Senna.  An indigenous  plant,
 Fam. Leguminosas, which flowers  in August,  It
 resembles Cassia Marilandica  in properties.
  Cassia Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia — c Ca-
 ryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella.,
 Laurus  cassia — c. Egyptian, Cassia senna — c.
 Excelsa,  C. fistula.
  Cas'siA Fts'tula, Cas'sia nigra, Cassia fistu-
 la'ris, C. Alexandri'na seu excelsa seu Bonplan-
 dia'na,  Canna, Canna  solutlva, Canna fistula,
 Cathartocar'pus, Baetyrilo'bium fis'tuld, Purging
 Cassia, (F.) Casse Caneficier, Casse en  Bdtons,
 Casse des Boutiques.  The pulp of Casaia Fis'
tula  or Cathartocar'pus  Fistula; Fam. Legumi
nosas; Sex.  Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Pulpe,
 Cas'sia,  Cassia  Aramen'tum,  Casaia  Fistula 
CASSLE ARAMENTUAI         176              CATABLEMA
Pulpa, (Ph. U. S.),  which is  obtained  in long
pods, is black, bright, and shining; sweet, slightly
acid, and inodorous.   It is laxative in the dose
of 3iv to |j.
  Cassia  Lanceolata,  C. senna—c.  Lignea,
Laurus  cassia — c. Lignea Malabarica, Laurus
cassia.
  Cassia  Marilan'dica, Senna America'na,
American  Senna,  Wild Senna,  Locust plant, (F,)
Sent d'Amerique.  The leaves of this plant  are
similar,  in virtue, to those of cassia senna.  They
are, however, much inferior in  strength.
  Cassia  Nigra, C. fistula — c. Officinalis,  C.
senna—c Orientalis, C. senna.—c Purging, Cas-
sia fistula.
  Cassia  Senna, C.  lanceola'ta  seu  acutifo'lia
seu orienta'lis seu officinalis.   The name of the
plant which affords senna.  It is yielded, how-
ever, by several species of the genus cassia.  The
leaves of senna, Senna Folia, Senna Alexandri'-
na, Senna Italica,  Sena, Senna or  Egyptian
Cassia,  (F.) Sene, Casse Sene, have a faint smell,
and  bitterish taste.   The active  part, by some
called Cathartin, is  extracted by  alcohol and
water.  Their activity is injured by boiling water.
They are a hydragogue  cathartic, and apt  to
gripe.   Dose of the powder, 3j to 3J-   Infusion
is the best form.
   The varieties of senna,  in commerce,  are Tin-
nivelly  Senna, Bombay or Common India Senna,
Alexandrian Senna,  Tripoli Senna, and Aleppo
Senna.
   CASSIA ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula—
c. Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia  fistula — c Flores,
see Laurus cinnamomum.
   CASSIALA, Hyssopus.
   CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga-
lericulata.
   CASS IDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata.
   CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria.
   CASSINE CAROLINIANA, Hex paraguensis
—c Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria!—c Peragua, Hex
paraguensis.
   CASSIS,  Ribes nigrum.
   CASSITEROS, Tin.
   CASSUMU'NIAR,  Oasamu'nar, Casmonar,
Zerumbet, Casmina, Rlsagon, Ben'gale Indo'rum,
Bengal Root, (F.) Racine de  Bengale.  A root,
obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices
of various forms; some cut transversely, others
longitudinally.   It is an  aromatic bitter, and is
consequently tonic and stimulant.  It was once
considered a panacea, and has been referred to
Zingiber Cassumuniar, Z. Clifford'ia seu purpu-
rettm, Amo'mum monta'num, and to Zingiber Ze-
rumbet, Z. spurium, Amo'mum  Zerumbet seu syl-
ves'tre.
   CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anaeardium
occidentale.
   CAS'SYTA FILIFORM'IS.  A South African
plant, A7at.  Ord. Laurineas, which  is employed
by the Cape colonists as  a wash  in scald head,
and as an antiparasitic.
   CAST,  Caste.
   CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Nymphasa alba.
   CASTANEA,  Fagus castanea, see also Fagus
castanea pumila—c  Equina, iEsculus Hippocas-
tannm—c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila.
   CASTE, Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.'
A name given, by the  Portuguese in India, to
classes  of society, divided according  to occupa-
tions, which have  remained  distinct from  the
earliest times.  Hence a separate and fixed order
or class.  See Half-caste.
   CASTELLAMARE  DI STABIA,  WATERS
OF.   Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Naples,
in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S.  S. E. of Na-
ples.  There  are  two springs, the  one sulphu-
reous, the other chalybeate.
  CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF.
These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are
sulphureous.
  CASTERA-VIVENT,  WATERS OF.  Cas-
tera-Vivent is a small village in  the department
of Gers, near whicji is  a cold acidulous chaly-
beate,  and another  which  is sulphureous and
thermal.  Temp. 84° Fahrenheit.
  CASTIGANS, Corrigent
  CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Pinoncillo tree.
A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Peru,
and grows wild in abundance.  Its beautiful fruit,
when roasted, has  an agreeable  flavour.  AVhen
an incision is  made into the stem, a clear bright
liquid flows out, which, after some time, becomes
black  and horny-like.   It  is a very powerful
caustic.
  CASTJOE, Catechu.
  CASTLE-LEOD, AVATERS  OF.  A sulphu-
reous spring  in Ross-shire,  Scotland, celebrated
for the cure of cutaneous and other  diseases.
  CASTOR BAY,  Magnolia glauca.
  Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Cania  Pon'ticua,  the
Beaver.   (F.) Caator.   It furnishes the  Castor.
Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin
in gout.   Its blood, urine, bile, and  fat, were for-
merly used in medicine.
  Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis.
  CASTO'REUM, Caato'rium, Caator, Oastoreum
Ros'sicum  et  Canaden'se, from xaarwp, ' the bea-
ver,' quasi yaarwp, from yaarqp, ' the belly,' be-
cause of  the  size  of its belly.  (?)   A peculiar
matter found  in  bags,  near the rectum of the
beaver, Castor fiber.  Its odour is strong, unplea-
sant, and peculiar;  taste bitter, subacrid; and
colour orange brown.   It is antispasmodic, and
often employed.   Dose,  gr. x to  j^j.
  CASTORINA, from Castoreum, ' castor.'  Me-
dicines containing castor.
  CASTRANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica.
  CASTRA T, Castratus.
  CASTRA'TION, Castra'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia,
Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Extirpa'tio
teaticulo'rum, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio virilium, Eu-
nuchis'mus, Orchotom'ia, Orcheot'omy, Orchidot'-
omy, (F.) Chdtrure.  The operation of removing
the testicles.   Sometimes the term  is  employed
for the operation when performed on one testicle;
hence the division into complete and incomplete
caatration. Castration renders the individual in-
capable of reproduction.
  CASTRATO, Castratus.
  CASTRA'TUS,  (I.)  Castra'to,  Eetom'iui,
Emascula'tus, Evira'tus, Exsec'tus, Desec'tus, Ex-
teaticula'tue, Ex maribns, Intestab'ilis, Intesta'tus,
Spado,  Apoc'opus, Bago'as, from  caatrare,  ' to
castrate.'   (F.) Castrat,  Chdtre. One deprived
of testicles.   This privation has a great influ-
ence  jon  the development  of  puberty.   It is
adopted  to procure a clearer and sharper voice;
and in the East, the guardians of the Harem, for
the sake of security, are converted into Castra'ti
or Eu'nuchs,  tvvovXoi.  Eunuchs have generally
both testes and penis removed.
  CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom — c.  Palpebrae
superioris, Blepharoptosis—c Uvulas, Staphylce-
dema.
  CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia.
 ^ CATA, Kara, ' downwards,' ' after,' applied to
time:  at  times,  it gives additional force to  the
radical word. A common prefix, as in —
  CATAB'ASIS,  from  xaraPaivw,  'I descend.'
An expulsion of humours downwards.  Also,  a
descent, Descen'sus, Descen'sio, — as of the  tes-
ticles, Descen'sus testiculo'rum.
  CATABLE'MA, xaraPXnpa, (xara  and PaXXciv,) 
CATABYTHISMOMANIA         177               CATAPLASM
' any thing let fall, as a curtain,' Epible'ma, Pe-
rible'ma.  The outermost bandage which secures
the rest.
  CATABYTHISMOAIA'NIA, from *ara/3u-
Oiauos, 'submersion,' and  pavia, 'mania,'  Insa-
nity, with a propensity to  suicide by drowning.
  CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification.
  CATAOAIIMA, Burn.
  CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human—c. Ebri-
osa, Combustion, human.
  CATACERAS'TICUS,  from xaraxepawvui, 'I
temper,' 'I correct'  The  same as Epicerasticus.
A medicine  capable of blunting the acrimony of
humours.
  CATACIIASAIOS, Scarification.
  CATACURISIS, Inunction.
  CATACHRISTON, Liniment.
  CATACH'VSIS, Effu'eio, Perfu'aio, from  xara-
X^> ' I pour upon.'  Affusion with cold water.—
Hippocrates.  Decantation.
  Cataclasis, from xaraxXa^w, 'i break to
pieces.'  Cam'pylum, Campylo'tie.  Distortion, or
spasmodic fixation of the eyes; spasmodic occlu-
sion of the  eyelids; also, fracture of a bone.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
  CATACLEIS'; from xara, 'beneath,' and  xXeis,
'the clavicle;' 'a lock or fastening,' xaraxXeta,
(xara and xXctw), I lock up.  This term has been
applied to many parts, as to the first rib, the
acromion, the joining of  the  sternum with the
ribs, Ac
  CATACLEI'SIS, same etymon.  A locking up.
The act of locking up.  Morbid union  of the eye-
lids.
  CATACLYS'MUS, Cataclya'ma, Cata'clysis,
from  xaraxXv^etv,  ' to  submerge, inundate.'  A
Clyster.  Hippocr.  Others mean, by the term, a
shower-bath, or copious affusion of water;  Cata-
one'sis.  Ablution, Douche.
  CAT^EONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus.
  CATAGAUNA, Cambogia,
  CATAGMA, Fracture—c Fissura, Fissure, see
Contrafissura—c Fractura, Fracture,
  CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmalica remed'ia, from
/carayua, ' fracture'   Remedies supposed  to be
capable of occasioning the formation of callus.
  CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from xarayeiv,  'to  draw
down,' and yXwaaa, 'the tongue'  An  instrument
for pressing down the tongue,   See  Glossoca-
tochus.
  CATAGRAPHOLOGIA,  Pharmacoeatagra-
phologia.
  CATALEN'TIA.  Epilepsy, or some disease
resembling it.—Paracelsus.
  CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis.
  CAT'ALEPSY, Catalep'sia, Catalep'aia,  Cat'-
oche,  Cat'ochua, Cat'ocha Ga/e'ni, Morbua atton'-
itna Celsi, Hyste'ria eatalep'tica, Congcla'tio, Be-
ten'tio, Encatalep'aia, Aphonia—(Hipper.,) Anail-
dia—(Antigenes,)  Apprehen'aio, Contempla'tio,
Stupor vig"ilans, Prehen'sio, Cams Catalep'sia,
Oppees'sio, Comprcheilsio—(Cash Aurelian,) Com-
pren'sia, Apoplex'ia Catalep'sia, from xaraXafiPavw,
•I seize hold of.'   Trance  (?) (F.) Catalepsie.  A
disease in which there is sudden suspension of
the action of the senses  and of  volition; the
limbs  and trunk preserving  the  different  posi-
tions given to them.  It is a rare affection, but is
seen,  at times, as a form  of hysteria.  Some of
the Greek writers have used the word in its true
acceptation of a seizure, surprise, Ac.
  CATALEPTIC, Catalcp'ticus, same  etymon.
Relating to catalepsy.  Affected with  catalepsy.
  Catalep'tic AIkthod, Meth'odus Catalep'tica.
The administration of external agents when in-
ternal agents aro inapplicable.
  CATALOT'IC,  Catalot'icns, from xaraXoaw, 'to
       12
break or grind down.'  A remedy which removes
unseemly cicatrices.
  CATAL'PA,  C.  Arbo'rea, Bigno'nia Catal'pa,
Catalpa Cordifo'lia, C. Arbores'cens seu Bigno-
nio'i'des seu Syringafolia, Cataw'ba tree, Indian
Bean.   A decoction of the pods of the Catalpa,
an American tree, of the Nat. Fam. Bignoniaceas,
Didynamia Angiospermia, has been recommended
in chronic nervous asthma.
  Catalpa Arborea,  Catalpa—c Bignonioides,
Catalpa—c. Cordifolia,  Catalpa—c Syringasfolia,
Catalpa.
  CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis,  from xara, and Xv<t>
' I dissolve or decompose.'  The action of p/se^.
sence  in producing decomposition;  as wh$n a
body which possesses what has been termed cata-
lytic force  resolves other bodies into new com-
pounds by mere  contact or  presence^, without
itself experiencing any modification.
  CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis.
  CATAMENIA, Menses—c Albr., Leueorrhcea.
  CATAME'NIAL,  Catamenia'lis,  Men'atrual,
Men'struus,  Men'struoua,  (F.) Menstruel, from
xara, and pnv, ' a mouth.'  Appertaining or rotat-
ing to the catamenia.
  CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS,
Menorrhagia,
  CATANANCE,  Cichorium intybus.
  CATANGELOS, Ruseus.
  CATANTLE'MA, Catantle'eis, from xara,
'upon,' and avrXaw, 'I  pour.'  Cateone'aia  and
Oataone'sis.  Ablution with warm water.  A fo-
mentation.—Moschion, Marcellus Empiricus.
  CATAPAS'MA, from  xaraitaaaw, 'I sprinkle.'
Catapas'tum,  Co-nsper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma,
Sympas'ma, Empas'ina, Biapas'ma, Xer'ion, As-
per'sio, Epispas'tum, Pulvis asperso'rius. A com-
pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed
by the ancients to  sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per-
spiration, Ac—Paulus  of iEgina.
  CATAPH'ORA, 'a  fall/ from  xara<pepw,  'I
throw down.'   A  state resembling  sleep, with
privation  of feeling  and  voice.  Somnolency.
According to others, Cataphora is  simply a pro-
found  sleep, which it is difficult to rouse from —
in this sense being synonymous with Sopor.
  Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy — c Hydro-
cephalica, see Apoplexy — c.  Cymini, Theriaca
Londinensis—c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag-
netic.
  CATAPHRAC'TA,  Cataphrae'tea,  a  Cuirass,
from  xarntppaaaw, ' I fortify.'  A name given  by
Galen to a bandage applied round the thorax and
shoulders.  It was also called  Quadri'ga.
  CATAPIESIS, Depression.
  CATAPINOSIS, Absorption.
  CATAP'LASIS, from xaranXaaaw,' to besmear/
The act of besmearing or overlaying with plaster,
  CAT'APLASM,  Cataplas'ma, Epiplas'ma.
Boeos, Poultiee, Pultice, from xara-rXaaaeiv, (xara
and 7rAao-o-£ii>, 'to form  or mould,') 'to besmear.'
(F.)  Cataplasme.   A  medicine applied exter-
nally,  under the  form of a thick pap.  Cata-
plasms are formed of various ingredients, and  for
different objects.   They may be anodyne, emol-
lient,  tonic,  antiseptic,  irritating, Ac.   A simple*.
poultice acts only by virtue of its warmth and
moisture.   Mealy, fatty substances,  leaves   of
plants,  certain  fruits, crumb of bread, Ac,  ar>J
the most  common bases.  The  chief poultices
which  have  been officinal are the following:--
Anodyne — c. Cicutae, c. Digitalis.  Antiseptic-
e. Carbonis, c  Dauci, c Fermenti, c Acetosas, c
Cumini.  Emollient — c Lini,  c. Panis, c. Mali
maturi.  Irritating—c.  Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi,
c Quercus  Marini.  Tonic and Astringent — c.
Alum,  c. Goulard, c. of Roses.
  The Parisian Codex  has some other officinal 
CATAPLASAIA BYNES
178
CATARACT
cataplasms.  1. Cataplaa'ma anod'ynum, made of
poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. Cataplaa'ma emolliene,
made of meal and pulps.   3.  Cataplaa'ma ad
euppuratio'nem promoven'dam, of pulps and ba-
silicon.   4.  Cataplaa'ma rubefa'ciens  vel anti-
plenrit'icum, formed of pepper and vinegar.
  The only cataplasms, the preparation of which it
is important to describe, are some of the following:
  Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum.—
c of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti.—
c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci.—c. Charcoal, Cata-
plasma carbonis ligni.
  CATAPLASMA BYNES, see C. Fermenti.
  Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis Ligni, Charcoal Cat-
aplaam or poultice.  Made  by adding  powdered
charcoal  to a common cataplasm.   Used as an
antiseptic to foul ulcers, Ac.
  Cataplas'ma  Dauci,  Carrot Cataplasm or
poultice.  Made by boiling the root of the Carrot
until it is soft enough  to form a poultice.  Used
in fetid ulcers.
  Cataplas'ma  F^ecul.e  Cerevisi^e,  see C.
Fermenti.
  Cataplas'ma Ferment'i, C. efferves'cens, Yeast
Cataplasm or Poultice,  (F.) Cataplasme de Levure.
(Take of meal Ibj, yeast, tbss. Expose to a gentle
heat.)  It is antiseptic, and a good application
to bruises.   A Cataplasm of Beer Grounds, Cata-
plasma Fa'cula Cerevis'ia, C. Bynes, is used in
the same cases.
  Cataplas'ma  Sina'pis,  C. Sina'peos,  Sin'a-
pism. Mustard Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Cata-
plaame de Moutard ou  Sinapiame.  (Mustard and
Linseed meal or meal aa  equal parts.  Warm
vinegar or  water, q. s.)  A  rubefacient and  sti-
mulant applied to the  soles of the feet in coma,
low typhus, Ac, as well as to the pained  part in
rheumatism, Ac
  •CATAPLEX'IS, Stupor,from xara, and ttXnaaoi,
' I strike.'   The act of striking with amazement.
Appearance of astonishment as exhibited  by the
eyes in particular.  See Hasmodia.
 * CATAPOSIS, Deglutition.
  CATAPOTTON,  Pilula.
  CATAPSYX'IS, from  xaraipVXw, 'I refrige-
rate' ; Peripsyx'is. Considerable coldness of the
body, without  rigor  and  horripilatio. — Galen,
Perfric'tio.  'Coldness in the extreme parts of the
limbs.—Hippocrates.
  CATAPTO'SIS, Beciden'tia, afall.  This word,
at times, expresses the fall  of a patient, attacked
with epilepsy, or apoplexy; at others, the sudden
resolution of a paralytic limb.
  CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis.
  CATAPUTIA MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris,
Ricinus communis.
  CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Suffu'-
8io Oc'uli, S. Lentia cry stall ina, Phtharma cata-
rac'ta, Caligo lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hypoc'hyma,
Hopoc'hysis, Hopojph'ysis, Phacoscoto'ma, Parop'-
sis catarac'ta, Glaueo'ma Woulhou'si, from xara-
patraeiv (xara and patraetv), 'to tumble down.'  A
deprivation of sight, which comes on, as if a veil
fell before the eyes. Cataract consists in opacity
of the crystalline  lens or its capsule, which pre-
vents the passage of the rays of light, and pre-
cludes vision.  The causes are  obscure.  Biag-
noaia.—The patient is blind, the pupil seems
closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but
commonly whitish :—the  pupil  contracting and
dilating.   Cataracts have been divided, by some,
into spurioua  and genuine.   The former, where
the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of
the lens  and the uvea: the latter, where it is in
the  lens or capsule.  A lenticular cataract is
where the affection is seated in  the lens :—a cap-
sular or  membranoua, in the capsule.  The cap-
ntlar is divided again,  by Beer, into the anterior,
posterior, and complete capsular cataract.  When
the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence
of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of
it, it  thickens, becomes leathery, and has been
called Catarac'ta arida siliquo'sa.   Catarac'ta
Morgagnia'na lactea vel purifor'mis, is the milky
variety, in  which the crystalline is  transformed
into a liquid  similar to  milk, (F.) Cataracte lai-
teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is
opacity of  the fluid situate between the lens and
its capsule.   The cap'sulo-lentic'ular affects both
lens and capsule, and Beer conceives the liquor
Morgagni,  in an altered state, may contribute to
it.  Cataracts are also  called hard, soft, (Phaco-
mala'cia,)  stony,  (F. pierrcuse.) milky or cheesy,
(laiteuse ou caseusc, Galactocittarac'ta, Catarac'ta
lactic'olor,) according to their  density : — white,
pearly,  yellow, brown,  gray, green, black,  (F.)
blanche, perlee, jaune,  brune, grise, verte, noire,
according to their colour :—fixed or vacillaliny,
—catarac'ta  capsulo-lenticula'ris flxa  vel trem'-
ula, (F.)fixe ou branlante, according as they are
fixed  or movable behind the  pupil.  They  are
likewise called  Catarac'ta  marmora'cia, fenes-
tra'ta, stella'ta, puncta'ta,  dimidia'ta, Ac,  ac-
cording to  the appearances they present.
  They may also be eimple, or complicated with
adhesion, amaurosis, specks, Ac.; and primary
or primitive, when opake before the operation ;—
eecondary,  when the opacity is the result of  the
operation.
  The following  classification  of cataracts is by
M. Desmarres:

          Class  I. True Cataracta.
                            ' Green.
                              Black.
                              Osseous.
                              Stony or chalky.
                            ' Striated.etiolated,
                                barred,  dehis-
                                cent, with three
                                branches, Ac
                              Disseminated, or
                                dotted.
                              Congenital.
                              Traumatic
                              Glaucomatous.
                              Morgagnian,  or
                                interstitial.
                            1  Cystic,  purulent,
                            [   fetid.
               Other  varie- ( Shaking, or float-
               ties, soft,hard, <    ing.
               or liquid.     ( Luxated.
              (Anterior.     J Pyramidal or ve-
              < Posterior.    j  . ««*iit.
                            { Arid sihquose.
               All the varieties of  lenticular
                 and capsular cataracts.

              f Lenticular.
             ■1 Capsular.
              [ Capsulo-lenticular.
a. Lenticular
  Cataracts.
 6. Capsular
  Cataracts.
 c. Capsulo-
 ventriculaT
  Cataracts.

d. Secondary
  Cataracts.
Hard.
Soft.
Liquid.
          Class II.  Falee Cataracta.
               Fibrinous,
               Purulent.                     i
               Sanguineous.
               Pigmentous.

  Cataract is  commonly a disease of elderly in-
dividuals, although, notunfrequently, congen'ital.
It forms  slowly; objects are at first seen  as
through a mist; light bodies appear  to fly before
the eyes, and it is not until after months or years
that the sight is wholly lost.  No means will ob-
viate the evil except an operation, which consists
in removing the obstacle to  the passage of the 
CATARACTA
179
CATARRHUS
light to the retina.   Four chief methods are em-
ployed for this purpose.  1. Couching or Depres-
sion, Hyalonix'ia, Jli/a/onyx'ia, (F.) Abaissement,
Pi'placement de la  Cataracte.   This consists in
passing a cataract needle  through the sclerotica
and subjacent membranes,  a little above  the
transverse diameter of the eye ; and at about two
lines'  distance from  the  circumference  of  the
transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the
posterior  chamber  of the eye.  AVith this  the
crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower
part of the  globe  of  the eye, where it  is left.
2. By  absorption, — by the French termed broie-
ment, or bruising.  This is performed in the same
manner as the former; except that, instead of
turning the crystalline from the axis  of the visual
rays, it is divided by the cutting  edge of the
needle, and  its fragments are  scattered in  the
humours  of  the eye,  where  they are absorbed.
3. By  extraction, which consists in opening, with
a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea
and the anterior portion of the capsule of the
crystalline ;  and causing the lens to issue through
the aperture.  Each of the processes has its ad-
vantages  and disadvantages, and all are used  by
surgeons.  4. Some, again, pass a cataract, needle
through the  transparent cornea  and pupil to the
crystalline, and depress or cause its absorption.
This is called Keratonyxsis, which see.
   Cataract, Black, Amaurosis — c. Capsular,
see Cataract—c. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract
— c. Central,  Centradiaphanes — c.  Cheesy,  see
Cataract — c. Congenital, see Cataract—c. Com-
plicated,  see Cataract— c.  Fixed, see Cataract—
c. Genuine, see Cataract—c. Hard, see Cataract
—c. Lenticular,  see  Cataract—c. Membranous,
see Cataract—c Milky, see Cataract—c. Opake,
see Cataract—c. Primary, see Cataract—c. Primi-
tive, see Cataract—c. Secondary, see Cataract—
c. Simple, see Cataract—c. Soft, see Cataract—
c. Spurious,  see Cataract—c. Stony, see Cataract
-—c. Vacillating, see Cataract.
   CATARACTA, Cataract—c. Arida siliquosa,
see Cataract—e. Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata-
ract— c.  Centralis, Centradiaphanes—c.  Dimidi-
ata, see Cataract—c  Fenestrata, see Cataract —
c.  Glauca, Glaucoma — c. Lacticolor, see Cata-
ract— e.  Liquida,  Ilygrocataracta—c  Marmo-
racea, see Cataract — c. Morgagniana, see Cata-
ract— c.   Nigra, Amaurosis — c.  Punctata,   see
Cataract—c Stellata, see Cataract.
.   CA TAR ACTE, ABAISSEMEXT DE LA, see
Cataract—c. Blanche, see Cataract—c. Branlante,
see Cataract—c. Brune, see Cataract—c. Caeeuee,
see Cataract — c. Deplacement de la, see Cataract
—c. Fixe, see Cataract—c. Grise, see Cataract—
e. Jamie, see Cataract — c. Laitense, see Cataract
— c. Xoire,  Amaurosis, see Cataract—c. Perlee,
see Cataract—c. Picrreusc, see Cataract—c. Verte,
see Cataract.   ,
   CATARACTE,  (F.)  Catarac'tus,  Catarac'ta
vitiiltus.   One affected with cataract.  The French
use this term, both for the eye affected with cata-
ract and  the patient himself.
   CATARIA. see  Nepeta—c. A'ulgaris,  Nepeta,
   CATARRH', Catar'rhus, Catar'rhopue, Catar-
rheu'ma,  Rheuma, Deflux'io, Catastag'ma, Phleg-
matorrhag" ia, P hi e g ma tor rhce'a,from xara,' down-
wards,' and pew, ' I flow.'  A discharge  of fluid
from a mucous membrane.  The ancients consi-
dered catarrh as a simple flux, and not as an in-
flammation.  Generally it partakes of this cha-
racter, however.   Catarrh is,  with  us,  usually
restricted to inflammation of the mucous mem-
brane of  the air-passages: the French extend it
to  that of all mucous  membranes;  (F.) Flux
muqueux, Fluxion catarrhale.
   Catarrh, in tho English sense, Broncho-catxir'-
rhua,  Pulmonary  Catarrh,  Lung fever, (vul-
garly,) Rheuma Pec'ton's,  Dcstilla'tio Pec'toris,
Catar'rhus Pec'toria, C. Pulmo'num, C. Pulmo-
na'lis, C. Bronchia'lis, Blennop'tyaia,  Tus'sis ca-
tarrha'lia, simplex, Grave'do (of many), Febria
Catarrha'lis, Blennotho'rax, Bronchitis,  Catar'-
rhus d Frlgore, (F.) Catarrhe pulmonaire, Fievre
Catarrhale, Rhume de Poitrine, a Cold, is a su-
perficial inflammation of the mucous follicles of
the trachea and bronchi.  It is commonly an af-
fection of but little  consequence, but apt to re-
lapse  and become  chronic.  It is characterized
by  cough, thirst,  lassitude, fever,  watery eyes,
with increased  secretion of mucus from  the air-
passages.  Tfee antiphlogistic regimen and  time
usually remove it.—Sometimes, the inflammation
of the bronchial tubes is  so  great as  to prove
fatal.
  Catarrh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Metri-
tis— c.  Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic) — c.  Dry,
see Bronchitis — c  Pulmonary, Bronchitis, Ca-
tarrh— c. Rose, Fever, hay—c Suffocating ner-
vous, Asthma,  Thymicum — c  Summer, Fever,
hay.
  Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhus epidem'icus,
C.  d  conta'gio, Rheuma epidenlicum.   Catarrh
prevailing owing  to  some particular Constitutio
a'eris, and affecting a whole country,—Influenza.
  CATARRHACTA, Cataract.
  CATAR'RHAL, Catarrha'lis,  Catarrho'icus,
Catarrhdil icus, Catarrhoel icus.   Relating  to
catarrh,—as Catarrhal Fever.
   CATARRHE  AIGUE  DEc, L'UTERIS, see
Metritis — c.  Buccal, Aphthas, — c.  Convulsive,
Bronchitis—c.  Gastrique, Gastritis—c.  Guttural,
Cyflanche tonsillaris—c. Intestinal, Diarrhoea—
c. Laryngien, Laryngitis — c.  Nasal,  Coryza—
c. Oculaire,  Ophthalmia — c. de lOreille, Otir-
rhosa — c. Pharyngien, Cynanche  parotidea — c.
Pituiteux, Bronchorrhcea — c.  Pulmonaire, Ca-
tarrh—c.  Sec; see Bronchitis—c. Stomacal,  Gas-
trorrhosa — c.  Uterin, Leueorrhcea — c. Ve'sical,
Cystorrhosa.
   CATARRHEC'TICA, from   xarappnyvvpu,  'I
break  down.'  Remedies considered proper for
evacuating; — as diuretics, cathartics, Ac.   Hip-
pocrates.
   CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh.
   CATARRHEUX (F.) Catarrho'sns.  One sub-
ject to catarrh ; affected with catarrh.       t
   CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhex'is;  same  ety-
mon as Catarrhectica.  The action of Catarrhec-
tica.  Also, effusion ; evacuation of the bowels.
   CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement —
e. A'era, Hasmatochezia.
   CATARRHCEA, Rheumatism.
   CATARRHOETTCUS, from xarappew, 'I flow
from.'  An  epithet  for disease produced by a
discharge of phlegm ; catarrhal.
   CATAR'RHOPA PHY'MATA,from xarapponos,
xarappottns,' sloping downwards.' Tubercles tend-
ing downwards, or with their apices downwards.
   CATARRHOPHE, Absorption.
   CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
   CATARRHO'PIA, Catar'rhysis,  from  xara
' downwards,' and po7r?;, ' inclination.'  An afflux
of  fluids  towards the inferior parts, and espe-
cially towards the viscera of the abdomen.  The
Greek word avappoma expresses an opposite phe-
nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper parts.
   CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh.
   CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from  xarappos,  'ca-
tarrh,'  and  cXco-i<, ' suppression.'  The suppres-
sion of a mucous discharge.
   CATARRHUS. Defluxion, Tussis—c .Estivua,
fever, hay — c. Bellinsulanus,  Cynanche paroti-
dasa — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — c. Bronchiomm.
Bronchitis — c.  a,  Contagio, Influenza — c.  Epi- 
CATARRIIYSIS
180
CATINUS FUSORIUS
dcmicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic — c. Geni-
talium, Leueorrhcea—c Gonorrhoea,  Gonorrhoea
—c Intestinalis, Diarrhoea—c Laryngeus, La-
ryngo-catarrhus—c. ad Nares, Coryza—c. Nasa-
Hs, Coryza—c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh — c Pulmo-
nuin, Bronchitis, Catarrh—c Senilis, Bronchitis,
(chronic)—c Suffocativus Barbadensis, C. trache-
alis—c.  Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus — c Ure-
thras, Gonnorrhoea pura—c. Urethralis,  Gonor-
rhoea—c Aresicas, Cystorrhosa.
  CATARRHYSIS," Catarrhopia, Defluxion.
  CATARTISIS, Catartismus.
  CATARTIS'AIUS, Catar'tiaia, from xarapn^eiv,
' to repair, replace.' The coaptation of a luxated
or fractured bone,  or hernia.
  CATASARCA, Anasarca.
  CATASCEUE, Structure.
  CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification.
  CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza.
  CATASTALAGAIUS, Coryza, Distillation.
  CATASTALTICA, Hasmatostatica, Sedatives.
  CATAS'TASIS, from  xaSitrrnpi, ' I establish.'
The  constitution,  state,  condition, Ac,  of any
thing. — Hippocrates.  Also the reduction of a
bone.   See Constitution, and Habit of Body.
  CATAT'ASIS, from  xararetvw, ' I extend'. Ex-
tension.   The extension and reduction of a frac-
tured limb.—Hippocrates.
  CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression.
   CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa.
   CATAXIS,  Fracture.
  CATCH  FLY,  Apocynum  androsasmifolium,
 Silcne Virginica.
  CATCHUP, Ktetchup.
  CAT'ECHU. The extract of various parts of
 the  Aca'cia Calechu,  Mimo'sa Cat'echu, Csfat'-
 chu, an oriental tree.   The drug  is also called
 Terra  Japon'ica, Extrac'tum  Catechu,  Japan
 Earth,  Cascheu, Cadtchu,  Cashow,  Caitchu, Cast-
 joe,  Cacau,  Gate, Kaath, Cuti, Cutch, Co'ira, Sue-
 cue Japon'icua, (F.) Cachou.   It  is a powerful
 astringent, and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal he-
 morrhage, Ac  Dose,  gr. xv to gss,  jn powder.
   Catechu, Square, see Nauclea gambir.
   CATEIAD'ION, from xara,  and eta, ' a blade
 of grass.'   A long  instrument thrust  into the
 nostrils  to  excite  hemorrhage in  headach.—

   CATENAE  MUSCULUS, Tibialis  anticus.
   CATEONESIS, Catantlema.
  ^ATGUT,  Galega Virginiana.
   CATHiE'RESIS,  xaBatpeais, 'subtraction,  di-
 minution.'  Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to
 forced  exercise. — Hippocrates.  The  action  of
 catheretics.
   CATH.ERETICUS, Catheretic
   CATHARETICUS, Cathartic.
   CATHARISAIOS, Depuration.
   CATHAR'MA, Purgament'um.    The  matter
 evacuated by a  purgative,  or by  spontaneous
 purging: also, a cathartic.
   VCATHAR'MUS,  Same etymon;  a purgation.
 — Hippocrates.  Also, the  cure of a disease  by
 magic, Ac.
   CATHAR'SIS, from xaSatpuv, (xa9' and atpeiv,
 'to  take'away,')  'to purge.'  Purga'tio, Apoca-
 thar'eia,  Copropho'ria, Coprophore'aia.   A natu-
 ral or artificial purgation of any passage;—mouth,
 anus, vagina, Ac.
   CATHAR'TIC,  Cathar'ticua,  Cathare'ticus,
 Cathor'ma, Coprocrit'icum, Coprago'gum, Lustra-
 man'liim, Purgans medicament'um, Trichillum, De
CHS
Lapac'ticua, Apocathar'ticua. Same etymon. (F.)
Cathartique.  A medicine which, when taken in-
ternally, increases the number of alvine  evacua-
tions.  Some substances act upon the upper part
of the intestinal canal, as calomel and colocynth ;
others, on the lower part, as aloes ; and some on
the  whole extent, as saline purgatives.  Hence n
choice may be necessary.  Cathartics are divided
into purgatives and laxatives.  The following is
a list of the chief cathartics :
  Aloe, Cassia Murilandica, Colocynthis, Elate-
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri Chloridum mite,
Hydrargyri   Oxydum  nigrum,  Ilydrarg.  cum
Magnesiil, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia. Magnesias
Carbonas, Magnesias  Sulphas,  Manna, Mannita,
Oleum  Euphorbias Lathyridis,  Oleum   Ricini,
Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassas Acetas, Po-
tassae  Bisulphas,  Potassae Sulphas, Potassas Bi-
tartras,  Potassas  Tartras, Rheum, Scammonium,
Senna, Sinapis, Sodas  et Potassa' Tartras, Soda)
Phosphas, Sodas  Sulphas, Sodi Chloridum, Sul-
phur,  Areratria,  Aquas Minerales Sulphureas et
Salinas, Enemata, Suppositoria.
  CATHARTIN,  see Cassia  Senna,  and  Con-
volvulus jalapa.
  CATHARTIQUE. Cathartic
  CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula.
  CATHEDRA, Anus.
  CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian.
  CATHEMERUS, Quotidian.
  CATHERET'IC,  Catharel icue,  Ectylot'icua,
Sarcoph'agua, from xaSaipziv,  'to eat,' 'destroy.'
Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula-
tions, Ac, to eat them down.  Mild caustics.
  CATH'ETER, from xaStnpi  (xaff, and  117/11, 'to
send,') 'I explore.' JEne'a, Al'galie, Cathete'ris,
Demissor, Immis'sor.   A hollow tube, introduced
by  surgeons  into the  urinary bladder, for the
purpose of drawing off the urine.   Catheters are
made of silver or elastic gum.  See Bougie.  The
French generally use the word catheter  for the
solid  sound  or staff; and algalie and sonde for
the hollow instrument.
  Catheter, Nasal.   An instrument, invented
by  M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the
ductus ad nasum.  It is hook-shaped ; the extre-
mity, bent at a right angle, is about an inch in
length, suited to the  distance of the lower orifice
of  the duct from the nostril, and likewise to the
length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral
turn.
  CATHETERIS, Catheter.
  CATHETERISIS,  Catheterismus.
  CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete'risis, Catheteri-
sa'tio,  Cath'eterism,   Catheterization, Jminis'sio
 Cathete'ris, same etymon.  The introduction of a
catheter or sound into the bladder  or Eustachian
tube.  Also probing  a wound.  Melosis.
  CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus.
  CATH'ETERIZE.  To  perform the operation
 of  catheterism;—in other words, to introduce the
 catheter, to probe or sound a cavity.
   CATHID'RYSIS, from  xaStlpvw, 'I place to-
 gether.'  Reduction of a part to its natural situ-
 ation.
   CATIIMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum.
   CATHMIR, Calamina.
   CATHOD'IC,  Cathod'icus; from xad', 'down-
 wards,' and  bios, ' a way.'  An epithet applied by
 Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of ner-
 vous action.
   CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.)  Humeura Ca-
 tholiques, are the fluids spread over the  whole
 body.
    CATHOLICON, Panacea.
    Cathol'icon  Duplex.   An  ancient  purging
 electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds,
 rhubarb, senna,  Ac.
    CATHOLICUAI, Panacea,
    CATIL'LIA.   A weight of nine ounces.
    CATILLUS, Cup.
    CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible. 
CATLING                 181                  CAUSA
  CATLTNG, Knife, double-edged.
  CATO, xnrw, 'below,' 'beneath.'   This word,
in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for
the abdomen, especially the intestines.  AVhen he
advises  a remedy  xurw, he means a purgative;
when avw, 'above or upwards,' an emetic.  As a
prefix,  data means 'beneath,' as  in
  C A TO CATHARTIC, Catocathar'ticua, from
xarw, 'downwards,' and xaSaipcw, 'I purge.'  A
medicine which purges downwards.   One that
produces alvine  evacuations.   The antithesis to
Anacathartic.
   CATOCHA GALENI, Catalepsy.
   CAT'OCHE, Cat'ocheia, Cat'ochua, from xartXw,
' I retain,' ' I hold fast' This word has, by some,
been used  synonymously  with  Catalepsy ;  by
others, with Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus.
   CATOCHUS,  Catoche, Ecstasis — c. Cervinus,
Tetanus—c. Holotonic.us, Tetanus—c Infantum,
Induration of the cellular tissue.
   CATOMIS'MOS,  from  xarw,  'beneath,'  and
ouos, ' shoulder;' Subhurncra'tio.  A  mode with
the ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus
by raising the body by the arm.—Paulus of JEgina.
   CATOPTER,  Speculum.
   CATOP'TRIC EXAMINATION  OF THE
EYE.   AVhen a lighted candle is held before the
eye, the pupil of which has been  dilated by bella-
donna, three images of it are seen—two erect, and
one inverted: — the former owing to  reflection
from the cornea and anterior surface  of the crys-
talline ; the latter owing  to reflection from the
posterior layer of the crystalline.  This mode of
examining the eye has been proposed as a means
of diagnosis between cataract and amaurosis.  In
the latter, all the images are seen.
   CATOPTROMANCY,  from KaTOirrpot/,  (xara,
and otropai,) 'a  mirror,' and pavreia, 'divination.'
A kind  of divination by means of a mirror.      '
   CATOPTRON, Speculum.
   CATORCHI'TES.   A kind of sour wine, pre-
pared with the  orchis  and black grape, or dried
figs.  It was formerly employed as a diuretic and
emmenagogue.—Dioscorides.  Called, also, Sycl-
tea.—Galen.
   CATORETICUS, Purgative.
   CATOTERICUS, Purgative.
   CATO'TICA,  from xnrw, ' beneath.'   Diseases
infecting internal surfaces.  Pravity of the fluids
or emunctories, that open on the  internal surfaces
of organs.   The second order in the class Eceri-
tica of  Good.
   CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from  xara, 'an inten-
sive,' and o^vs, 'acute.' Highly acute ; as Morbus
 Catoxya, M. Peracu'tus, a very acute  disease.
   CAT'S  EYE,  AAIAUROTIC, see Amaurotic.
   CAT'SFOOT,  Antennaria dioica.
   0ATTA G A U Af A, Cambogia.
   CATTITEROS, Tin.
   CATULOTICA. Cicatrisantia.
   CATU-TRTPALI, Piper longum.
   CAUCALIS  CAROTA, Daucus carota—c Sa-
nicula,  Sanicula.
   CAUCALOIDES, Patella.
   CAUCASIAN, see Homo.
   CAUCHEMAR, Incubus.
   CAUCIIEVIEILLE, Incubus.
   CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc
   CAUDA, Coccyx, Penis.
   Cauda Equi'na.  The spinal marrow, at its
termination, about the second lumbar vertebra,
gives off a considerable "number of nerves, which,
when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail,—hence
the name; (F.)  Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle
Epiniere.  See Mc.dulla Spinalis.
   Cauda Salax, Penis.
   CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lis, Cauda'tus; from
canda,  'a  tail.'   Relating or appertaining to a
taiL  Having a tail or  tail-like appendage: —
as 'caudal or caudate  corpuscles'—corpuscles
having a  tail-like  appendage, as in  cancerous
growths.
  CAUDATE, Caudal.
  CA IIDATIO, Clitorism.
  CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus,
  CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Can-
diez  is a  small town, nine leagues from Perpig-
nan, in France, where there is a thermal spring,
containing a little sulphate of soda and iron.
  CAUDLE: (F.)  Chaudeait,  chaud,  'warm or
hot'  A nourishing gruel given to women during
the childbed state.  The following is a form for
it:  Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, put, whilst
it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg beaten with
sugar, and mixed with a large spoonful of cold
water,  a glass of  wine,  and  nutmeg.  Mix  the
whole well together.   Brandy is sometimes sub-
stituted for the wine, and lemon peel or capillaire
added.  It is also sometimes made of gruel and
beer, with sugar  and nutmeg.
  CAUL,  from (L.) caula, 'a fold,' Pilus,  Pile'-
olus, Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.)  Coeffe, Coiffe — (Etre ne
coeffe— 'to be born with a caul.')  The English
name for  the omentum.  When a child is born
with the membranes  over the  face, it is said to
have been ' born u-ith a caul.'  In the catalogue
of superstitions, this is one  of the favourable
omens.  The caul itself is supposed  to confer
privileges upon  the possessor; hence  the  mem-
branes are dried, and sometimes sold for a high
price.  See Epiploon. .
  CAULE'DON, Gieye'don, from xavXos, 'astalk.'
A transverse fracture.
  CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and
flower [ ? ], Brassica Florida.
  Cauliflower  Excres'cence,  Excrescen'tia
Syphi lit'ica, (F.)  Choufleur.   A syphilitic  ex-
crescence, whicli appears about the origin of the
mucous membranes, chiefly about the  anus and
vulva, and which resembles, in appearance,  the
head of the cauliflower.
  CAULIS,  Penis—c Florida, Brassica Florida.
  CAULOPHYL'LUM  THALICTROI'DES,
Leon'tice thalictroVties, Blueberry Cohosh, Cohosh,
Cohush, Blueberry, Papoose Root, Squaw Root,
Blue Ginseng,  Yellow Ginseng,  a plant of the Fa-
mily Berberideas ;  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria Mono-
gynia, which grows  all over  the  United States,
flowering in  May and June. The  infusion  of the
root is much used  by the Indians in various dis-
eases.  To it are  ascribed emmenagogue and dia-
phoretic virtues.
  CAULOPLE'GIA, from xavXos, 'the male or-
gan,' and  nXnyn,  ' a wound,' or ' stroke.'  An in-
jury or paralysis of the male organ.
  CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis—c. Ejaculato-
ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia—c.  Stillatitia, Ure-
throrrhagia.
  CAULORRHCEA BENIGN A, Gonorrhoea
pura,
  CAULUS, Penis.
  CAUMA,  xavpa, 'a burnt part,' from xatw,  'I
burn.'   Great heat of the body or  atmosphere.
Synocha, Empresma.
  Cauma  Bronchitis, Cynanche  trachealis — c.
Carditis,  Carditis — c  Enteritis,  Enteritis — c
Gastritis, Gastritis—c. Hasmorrhagicum, Hasmor-
rhagia activa—c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. Oph-
thalmitis, Ophthalmia—c Peritonitis, Peritonitis
— c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c  Pleuritis, Pleuritis
—c. Podagricum, Gout—c Rheumatismus, Rheu-
matism, acute.
  CACMATO'DES,   Caumate'rus, from  xavua,
' fire-heat'  Burning  hot.  Febria caumato'det,
F. caueo'dea.   Inflammatory fever.  Svnocha.
  CAUNGA. Areca,
  CAUSA CONJUNCTA,  Cause, proximate—c
Continens, Cause, proximate. 
                   CAUS.E                  1!

  CAUSiE ABDIToE, Causes, predisponent or
remote—c Actuates, Causes, occasional—c Pras-
incipientes, Causes, procatarctic — c. Proegume-
nae, Causes, predisponent
  CAUSE, Cau'sa,A'l tin, Alt ion.  An act which
precedes another, and seems to be a necessary
condition  for the occurrence of the latter.   The
causes of disease  are generally extremely ob-
scure ; although they,  sometimes,  are evident
enough.  The predisponent and occasional  causes
are the only two, on which any stress can be
laid;  but  as  authors have divided them  differ-
ently, a short explanation is necessary.
  Cause, Ac'cessory,  (F.)  Cause  Accesaoire.
One which has  only a secondary influence in the
production of disease.
  Causes, Accident'al,  Common  Causes, (F.)
Causes Accidentelles, are those which  act only
in certain given conditions; and which do not
always  produce the same disease.   Cold, e. g.,
may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu-
matism, Ac.
   CAUSES  CACHEES, C. occult—c. Common,
C. accidental—c. Exciting, C. Occasional—c. Es-
sential, C. Specific—c. Determinates, C. Specific
—c. Eloignees,  C. Predisponent
  Causes, Extern'al, (F.) Causes externes, are
such as act externally to tho individual;  as air,
cold, Ac.
   CAUSES  FORMELLES,  (F.) are such as
determine  the  form  or  kind of  disease.   They
differ from the Causes  materiellea,  which are
common to a set of diseases;  as, to the neuroses,
phlegmasia, Ac.
  Causes, Hidden, C. Occult.
  Causes, Intern'al,  (F.) Cauaea Internea, are
those which arise within the body;—as mental
emotions, Ac.
   Causes, Mechan'ical, (F.) Cailsea mecaniquea,
are those which  act mechanically, as  pressure
upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation.
   Causes, Neg'ative, (F.) Cauaea negatives, com-
prise all those things,  the privation of  which
may derange the functions; — as abstinence too
long  continued.  They  are opposed  to positive
causes, which,  of themselves, directly  induce dis-
ease ;—as the use of indigestible food, spirituous
drinks, Ae.
   Causes, Obscure, C.  Occult.
   Causes, Occa'sional, Exciting Cauaea, Causa
actua'les,  (F.)  Causes  occasionelles,  are  those
which immediately produce disease.  The occa-
sional causes have been divided into  the cogniz-
able and non-cognizable.—C. J. B. AVilliams.

                   I. Cognizable Agenta.
             1. Mechanical.
             2. Chemical.
             3. Ingesta,
             4. Bodily exertion.
             5. Mental emotion.
Exciting    ®" -^xcessive evacuation.
 Causes     ^' Suppressed or defective evacua-
    of   1        tion-
Disease     ®" defective cleanliness, ventilation
                  and draining.
             9. Temperature and changes.

               II.  Non-Cognizable Agents.
             1. Endemic.   A
             2. Epidemic,   j- Poisons.
             3. Infectious. J

  Causes, Occult',Hidden cauaea, Obacurecauaea,
(F.) Causes occultea ou cachccs  ou obscures.  Any
causes with which we are unacquainted; also,
2               CAUSTIC UM

 certain inappreciable  characters  of the atmo-
 sphere, which give rise to epidemics.
   Causes, Phys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques,—
 those which  act by virtue of  their physical pro-
 perties; as form, hardness, Ac.  All vulnerating
 bodies belong to this class.
   Causes, Physiolog"ical, (F.) Causes Physio-
 logiquea, those which  act only on  living matter;
 —narcotics, for example.
   Causes, Predispo'nent, Remote causes, Causa
 proegu'mena, Causa   ab'dita, Causa re mo'tee;
 (F.) Causes predisponantes, Causes eloignees,—
 those  which  render  the body liable to  disease.
 They may be general,  affecting a number of peo-
 ple, or particular, affecting only one person.
   Causes, Prin'cipal,  (F.)  Causes principalea
 —those which exert the  chief influence on the
 production of disease,  as distinguished from the
 acceaaory  causes.
   Causes, Procatarc'tic, Causaprocatarc'tica,
 Causa praincipien'tes, from -npoxarapxrixos,  'tho
 origin or beginning of a thing,' (xarapXw, 'I be-
 gin,' and  ttpo, ' before.')  These words have been
 used  with different  significations.  Some have
 employed them synonymously with predisponent
 or remote  cauaea; others  with oceaaional or excit-
 ing cauaea.
   CAUSE PROCHAINE, C. proximate.
   Cause, Prox'imate, Causa  prox'ima vel con'-
 tinens vel  conjunc'ta, (F.) Cause continente oupro-
 chaine, may be the disease itself. Superabundance
 of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora.
   Causes, Remote, C. predisponent.
   Causes, Specif'ic, Esscn'tial  causes, Ac, (F.)
 Causes spedfiques, C. essentielles, C.  determinantes;
 those  which  always produce a determinate dis-
 ease ;  special contagion, for example.
   CAUSIS,  Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In-
 cendium,  Ustion.
   CAUSOMA, Inflammation.
   CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticus, Cauteret'icns, Diarel-
 icus, Ero'dens, Adu'rens, Urens, Pyrot'icus, from
 xaiw,  ' I burn.'   (F.)   Caustique.   Bodies, which
 have  the  property of  causticity; and which con-
 sequently, burn or disorganize  animal substances.
 The word is  also used substantively. The most
 active are called Escharolics.   Caustics  are also
 termed ' corrosives.'
   Caustic Bearer, Porte-pierre.
   CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization.
   CAUSTICITY, Caustic"itas, from xavarixos,
 'that which burns,' (xatw, 'I burn.)  The impres-
 sion which caustic bodies  make on the organ of
 taste;  or, more commonly, the property which
 distinguishes those bodies.
   CAUSTICOPHORUAI, Porte-pierre.
   CAUSTICUM  JETHIOP'ICUM, Unguen'tum
 Melan'icum caus'ticum. A sort of paste, made bj
 rubbing powdered saffron with concentrated aid-
 phurie acid,  recommended by  Atelpeau as a caus-
 tic in  cases of gangrenous and carcinomatous ul-
 cers.   The acid is the caustic: the saffron, tli6
 constituent merely.
   Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa—c Ame-
 ricanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla — c Antimoniale,
 Antimonium muriatum.
   Causticum Commu'.ne, Poten'tial Cautery, Com-
 mon  Caustic, Cautc'rium potentia'le, Lapis sep'-
 ticua,  Caua'ticum  commu'ne militia.  This  con-
 sists of quicklime and black soap, of each equal
 parts.
   Causticum Commune, Potassa fusa—c. Com-
 mune acerrimum, Potassa fusa—c Commune for-
 tius, Potassa cum calce—c. Lunare, Argenti nitras
 — c.  Potentiate,  Potassa fusa—c. Salinum, Po-
 tassa fusa—c. Ariennense fusum Filhos, see Pow-
 der, Alenna. 
                 CAUSTIQUE

  CAUSTIQUE, Caustic.
  CAUSTIQUE FILHOS, see Powder, Vienna.
  CAUSTIQUE DE  V1ENNE,  Powder, Vi-
enna.
  CAUSUS,  from xaiw, 'I burn.'  A highly ar-
dent fever; Deu'rena.  Pinel regards it as a com-
plication  of  bilious  and  inflammatory  fever;
Broussais, as an intense  gastritis, accompanied
with bilious symptoms.  See Synocha.
  Causis, Endemial, of  the  West Indies,
Fever, Yellow — c.  Tropicus  endemicus,  Fever,
Yellow.
  CAUTER, Cauterium.
  CAUTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — c. Inhe-
rent, Inherent cautery.
  CAUTKKKT1CUS, Caustic
  OAUTERETS, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Cauterets is a bourg  seven leagues from Bareges
(Hautes-Pyrenees,) France.  The waters are hy-
drosulphurous and thermal—temperature 123° F.
They are used in the same cases as the Bareges
water.
  CAITERIASAIUS, Cauterization.
  CAUTE'RIUM,  Cauterium actua'le,  Cauter,
Cau'tery, Inusto'rium, Rupto'rium, Ignis actua'lis,
from xmw, 'I burn.'  (F.) Cautere, Feu actuel.  A
substance, used for  'firing,' burning or disorga-
nizing the parts to which it is applied. Cauteries
were divided by the ancients into actual and po-
tential.  The word is  now restricted to the red-
hot iron; or to positive burning.   It was, for-
merly, much  used  for preventing  hemorrhage
from  divided  arteries; and also with the same
views as a blister.  The term Poten'tial Cautery,
Caute'riunt potentia'le, Ignis potentia'lis, (F.)Feu
polentiel, was generally applied to the causticum
commune, but it is now used synonymously with
caustic in general.  Cautere also means an issue.
  Cauterium Actuale, Cauterium.
  CAUTERIZA'TION, Cauterisa'tio, Cauterias'-
inus, Exua'tio, Inus'tio, Caus'tica Adus'tio. Firing.
The effect of a cautery.  The French, amongst
whom  cauterization  is much used, distinguished
five kinds : 1. Cauterisation Inherente, which con-
sists in  applying the actual cautery freely, and
with a certain degree of force, so as to disorganize
deeply.   2.  Cauterisation transcurrente,  which
consists in passing the edge of the Cautere cultel-
laire, or the point of the Cautere conique lightly,
so as not to disorganize deeply.  3. Cauterisation
2>ar pointes,  which  consists in applying on the
skin, here and there, the hot point of the conical
cautery,  with sufficient force  to cauterize  the
whole  thickness of  the skin.  4.  Cauterisation
lente, slow cauterization, by means of the  moxa.
5. Cauterisation objective, which consists in hold-
ing the cautery at some distance from the part
to be acted upon by  it.
  Cau'terize; Oaustico adurere; (F.) Cau-
te riser.   To apply the cautery.  To burn  with a
cautery.
  CAUTERAJ, Cauterium — c. Potential, Causti-
cum commune.
  CAVA, Vulva,
  Cava ArENA, Vena hepatites.  The hollow  or
deep-seated vein.  (F.) Veine  cave.  A name
given to the two great veins of the  body, which
meet at the right auricle' of the heart.  The vena
cava supe'rior,  thorac"ica  vel  descen'dens,  is
formed by the union of the subclavians; and re-
ceives  successively, before its termination  at the
upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy-
roid, right internal mammary, superior diaphrag-
matic, azygoa, Ac. The vena  cava infe'rior, ab-
domina'lis vel aacen'deiia, arises  from  the union
of the  two primary iliaca, opposite the fourth or
fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral,
lumbar, right  apermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia-
3               CAVERNOUS

phragmatica, and opens at the posterior and in-
ferior part of the right auricle.
   CAVATIO, Cavity.
   CAA'EA, Cavity—c Narium, Nares.
   C'AVER'NA, Antrum.   ' A cavern.'  This term
has been used for the female organs of generation.
See Cavity, and A'ulva.
   Caverna Narium, Nares.
   CAVERNiE DENTIL1 M, Alveoli dentium—c.
Frontis, Frontal Sinuses.
   CA VERNEUX, Cavernous.
   CA\r'ERNOUS,  Caverno'aua, (F.) Caverneux.
Filled with  small  cavities  or  caverns, — as  a
sponge.
   Cavernous Bodies, Cor'pora Cavemoa'a of the
penis, Cor'pora nervo'ea,  C. Ner'veo-spongio'sa
Penis, (F.) Corpa Caverneux.  The corpus eaver-
nosum is a kind of cylindrical  sac,  composed  of
cells;  separated, through its whole  extent, by a
vertical, incomplete septum, Septum pectinifor'-
me, and  forming nearly two-thirds  of  the  penis.
The corpua cavernosum, on each side, arises from
the ascending portion of the ischium, and termi-
nates  obtusely behind  the glans.   The arteries
of the corpora cavernosa come  from the internal
pudic.  See Helicine Arteries.  Nerves are found
on the surface of the outer membrane, but they
do not appear to penetrate the substance, and the
smooth muscular fibre has been traced into  the
fibrous parietes of the cells, as  in the case of all
erectile tissues.
   J. Mullet's  researches have  led him to infer,
that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the
corpora cavernosa are  made up of branches pro-
ceeding from  the organic  as well as the  animal
system, whilst the nerves of  animal life alone
provide the nerves of sensation of the penis.
   Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernosa of the
Cliloris, are two hollow crura, forming the clitoris.
   Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpua Ca-
verno'sum  Vagi'na, Plexus retiform'is, is  a sub-
stance composed of blood-vessels and cells, simi-
lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers
the outer extremity of the vagina, on each side.
It serves to contract the entrance to the  vagina
during coition.
   Cavernous  Ganglion,  see Carotid  or Carotic
Nerve.
   Cavernous Respira'tion, (F.) When a cavity
exists in the lungs, and one or more ramifications
of the bronchia terminate in it,  a loud tubal noise
is emitted, provided the  cavity  be not filled with
fluid, which is called cavernous respiration.   In
this condition, the cough  is cavernous likewise,
(F.) Toux Caverneuse.  AVhen the capacity of the
cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration
is like that produced by  blowing into a decanter,
with the mouth at a little distance from the neck.
This kind of cavernous respiration has been called
amphoric,  from amphora,  'a flask;' (F.) Respi-
ration amphorique, Souffle amphorique, S. metal-
lique.
   The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a modi-
fication of the cavernous  respiration, in  which,
according  to  Laennec, " a sort of  movable veil
interposed between the excavation  and the ear"
seems to  be  agitated  to and fro.   It  is a si^n
which is not attended to.
   Cavernous  Sinus,  Sinus Caverno'sus,  Sinus
polymor'phus  seu Receptac'ulum, S. sphenoidalis,
Receptac'ulnm sella equina lat'eribus appos'itum,
(F.) Sinus caverneux.   The  Cav'emous Sinuses
are venous cavities of the dura mater, filled with
a  multitude of reddish, soft filaments, intersect-
ing  each  other;  and, as it were, reticulated.
They commence behind the inner  part  of  the
sphenoid  fissure, pass backwards on the sides of
the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by opening
18 
CAVIALE
184
CELL
into a cavity, common to the superior and infe-
rior petrosal sinuses.  They receive some menin-
geal veins, the ophthalmic veins, Ac.  The ante-
rior extremity of each cavernous sinus has been
named the ophthalmic sinus.
   Cavernous Texture  or Tissue,  (F.)  Tiseu
caverneux.  The spongy  substance which forms
the greater part of the  penis and clitoris.   It
seems to consist of a very complicated lace-work
of arteries and veins;  and, probably, of nervous
filaments, with small fibrous plates, which form
by their decussation numerous cells communicat-
ing with each other.  This spongy texture  pro-
duces erection, by dilating and swelling on  the
influx of blood ; and probably, also, by virtue of
some property inherent in it.
   CAVIALE, Caviare.
   CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviac.  A culi-
nary preparation, much  used  by certain people,
and made on the shores of the Black and Caspian
Seas, from the roe of the sturgeon, mixed with
Bait and other condiments.
   CAVIC'ULA, Cavilla, from cavua, 'hollow.'
The ankle or space between the malleoli.  Some
have given this name to the os cuneiforme.   See
Astragalus.
   CAVICUL.E  PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus.
   CAATLLA, Astragalus, Cavieula.
   CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum—
c. Buccinata, Cochlea—c. Cochleata, Cochlea.
   Cavitas  Digitata Ventriculi  Lateralis,
Cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis.
   Cav'itas Ellip'tica,  Ampulla, Sinua ampul-
la'eeus.   A dilatation at  one end of the semicir-
cular canals of the  ear.
   Cavitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — c
Narium, Nares — c Oculi, Orbit—c. Oris, Mouth
—c. Pulpae, see Tooth.
   CAVITATES CEREBRI,  ATentricles of  the
brain—c. Duras matris, Sinuses of the dura mater
—c. Innominatas, Auricles of the heart—c Inter-
scapulares, see Interscapularis.
   CA VITE, Cavity—c. Dentaire, Dental cavity—
c. des Epiploons, see Peritonasum—c. du Tympan,
Tympanum.
  CAVITY, Cav'itas,  Cavum,  Cce'lotes,  Ccelon,
Ca'vea,  Caver'na,  Cava'tio, (F.) Cavite.   Every
thing hollow,  as  the cranium,  mouth, nasal
fossae, Ac.
  Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.)  Carites splanch-
niques,  are those  which contain the viscera.
They are three in number;—the cranium, chest,
and abdomen.  The cavities of bones, connected
with joints or otherwise, are  described under
their particular denominations.
  CAATUM, Cavity—c Abdominis, see Abdomen.
   Cavum Cra'nii,  Venter Supre'mus.  The cavity
formed by the proper bones of the cranium.
  Cavum  Dentis,  see  Tooth — c. Narium, Nares
—c. Oris, Mouth—c. Tympani, Tympanum.
  CAAXAN, Phaseolus  Creticus.
   CAZABI, Jatropha manihot
  CEANOTHOS, Cirsium arvense.
  CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus—c
Trinervis, Celastrus.
  CEAR,  Heart.
  CEASMA, Fissure.
  CEBI  GALLI'NtE.   The  liver of the fowl,
bruised.—Castelli.
  CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose
bitter and astringent bark is used in making anti-
rheumatic baths and fomentations.
  CECES,  see Quercus alba.
   CECITE, Cascitas.
  CEDAR, RED, Juniperus Virginiana.
  CEDEIA, Embalming.
  CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix.
  CED'MATA, xelpara.  Rheumatic pains of the
joints, especially of the hips, groin,  or  genital
organs.  A form of gout or rheumatism.
  CEDRA T, Citrus medica.
  CEDRELE'UM, from xelpos, 'the cedar,' and
tXaiov, 'oil.'   The oil of cedar.—Pliny.
  CE'DRIA, Ce'drium, Ce.'drinum,  Cedri lack'-
ryma,  Alkitran.  The  oil or resin  which flows
from the cedar of Lebanon.   It was supposed to
possess great  virtues. — Hippocrates, Foesius,
Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides.   It  has been
supposed  to be  the  same  as the pyroligneous
acid.   See Pinus Sylvestris.
  CE'DRINUAl VINUM, Cedar  Wine.   A wine
prepared by  steeping- half a pound of bruised
cedar berries in six French pints  of sweet wine.
It is diuretic and subastringent
  CEDRI'TES, from xelpos, 'the cedar.'  A wine
prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine.
It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, Ac.
  CEDRIUM, Cedria.
  CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica.
  CEDRON, see Simaruba cedron.
  CEDRONELLA,  Melissa—c Triphylla, Dra-
cocephalum canariense.
  CEDROS, Juniperus lycia.
  CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba.
  CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus  sabina—
c Mahogani, Sweetenia mahogani.
  CEINTURE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster.
  CEINTURE  BLANCHE BE  LA  CHO-
ROIBE,  Ciliary ligament,
.  CEINTURE BARTREUSE, Herpes zoster—
c. de Hildane, Cingulum Hildani—c. de Vif Ar-
gent, Cingulum mercuriale.
  CELANDINE, Impatiens—c Common, Cheli-
donium majus—c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria—c.
Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum.
  CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tue,  Ceano'thus  Ameri-
ca'nus  seu triner'vis, New Jeriey Tea, Red Root.
Used by the American Indians, in the same man-
ner as lobelia,  for the  cure  of syphilis.  It is
slightly bitter  and  somewhat astringent.    A
strong infusion of the dried leaves and seeds has
been recommended in aphthae, and as a gargle in
scarlatina.
  Celastrus Scandens, Climbing Stafftree.   A
climbing American  shrub, the bark of which is
said to possess emetic,  diaphoretic, and narcotic
properties.
  CELATION, (F.) Concealment, from  celare,
'to  conceal.'  A word used by French medico-
legal writers for cases where there has  been con-
cealment of pregnancy or delivery.
  CELE, xnXn, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;'
a very common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono-
cele, Ac.  See Hernia.
  CEL'ERY, (F.) Ceieri.  The English name for
a variety of Apium graveolens.
  Celery, AVild, Bubon galbanum.
  CELETA, see Hernial.
  CELIA, Cerevisia.
  CELIAQUE, Cceliac.
  CELIS, xnXis, 'a spot, a stain.'   A macula, or
spot on the skin.
  CELL, Cella.  A small cavity.  The same sig-
nification  as cellule.   Also, a vesicle  composed
of a membranous cell-wall, with,  usually, liquid
contents.  The whole organized body may be re-
garded as a congeries  of cells having different
endowments, each set being concerned in  special
acts, connected with absorption,  nutrition, and
secretion, wherever an action  of selection  or ela-
boration has to be effected.  These  cells are gene-
rally termed primary, elementary,  or primordial.
When  they give rise to other cells, they are, at
times, termed parent or mother cells ; the result-
ing cells being termed daughter celli. 
                CELL-WALL                It

  Cell,  Apoplectic,  see Apoplectic cell — c.
Bronehic, Cellule,  bronchic—c.  Calcigerous,  see
Tooth — c. Daughter, see Cell — c. Elementary,
Bee Cell.
  Cell,  Ei'ider'mic or Epithe'lial.   The cells
or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur-
faces of the body, and which form the epidermis
and epithelium, arc termed 'epidermic or epithe-
lial cella.'  They are  developed  from  germs fur-
nished by the subjacent membrane.
  Cell,  Epithelial, Cell, epidermic — c. Fat,
see Fatty vesicles — c. Germ, Cytoblast—c Ger-
minal, see Cytoblast — c.  Nucleated,  see  Cyto-
blast.
  Ci:ll  Life.  The life which  is  possessed by
the separate cells that  form the tissues, and by
which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to
be effected.
   Cell,  Mother, see Cell—c. Parent, see Cell.
   Cell,  Pigment.  Pigment cells are mingled
with the epidermic cells, and are most manifest
in the coloured races.  They are best  seen on the
inner  surface of the choroid of the  eye, where
they form the pigmentum  nigrum.
   Cell,  Primary, see  Cell — c. Primordial, see
Cell.
   CELL AVALL, see Cell.
   CELLA TURCICA, Sella Turcica.
   CELLULA, Cellule.
   CELLUL^E,  see  Colon — c.  Medullares,  see
Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonales,  Cellules
bronchic, see Pulmo—c Bronchicas, see Cellule.
   CFL'LULAR,  Celluhlris, Cellulo'aus, (F.) Cel-
lulaire.  Composed of cells or cellules, from cella
or ccllula, ' a cell.'
   Ckl'lular Mhm'brane, Membra'na cellulo'sa,
M. Cellula'ris,—M. adipo'sa, M. pinguedino'aa, of
some, Paunic'ulua aclipo'aus,—Membrane formed
of cellular tissue, (F.) Membrane cellulaire.  Ge-
nerally used for the tissue itself.
   Cel'lular System.  The whole of the cellular
tissue of the human body.
   Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris, T.  cellu-
lo'sa, T.  Hippoc'ratis cribro'sa, Ethmyphe, reticu-
Itlted, filamentous, laminated, crib'riform, porous,
are'otar, and mucous Tissue, Retie'ular or cellular
substance, Contcx'tus cellulo'sus,  (F.)  Tissu cellu-
laire,  reticule, lamineux,  cribleux, poreux, areo-
laire, muqueux, Ac, is  the most common of all
the organic tissues.  It  contains irregular areola
between  the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the
adipous  tissue.   Of the fibres,  some are of the
yellow elastic kind; but  the greater part are of
the white fibrous tissue,  and they frequently pre-
sent the form of broad flat  bands, in which no
distinct fibrous arrangement is perceptible.  See
Fibrous.
  The cellular tissue or texture unites every part
of the body,  determines  its shape,  and by its
elasticity and  contractility,  and  by  the  fluid
which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo-
tion of parts on each other.
  Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists
into the  external, general  or common  cellular
tissue — textus cillula'ris interme'dius seu laxus,
which does not penetrate the organs,—the  cellu-
lar texture which  forms the envelopes of organs
—textus  cellula'ris strictus, and that which pene-
trates  into the organs, accompanying and  enve-
loping all their parts, — the textua cellula'ris sti-
pa'tus, constituting the basis of all the organs.
It has likewise been termed Textus  organ'icus
seu parenchyma'lis.
  Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Cancelli.
  CEL'LULE, Cellula, diminutive of cella,  'a
cavity.'  A small cavity.  (F.) Cellule.  Cellules
are the small cavities between the laminae of the
cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, Ac.
5                CENIPLAM

  Cellules or Cells, Bronchic, Cel'lula Bron'-
chica seu Pulmona'les,  Pori pulmo'num, Vesic'-
ula pulmonales. The air-ceUs of the lungs.  See
Pulmo.
  CELLULES  BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial

  CELLULITIS ArENENATA, see AVound.
  CEL'LULOSE,  same etymon as Cellules.  The
substance which is left after the action upon any
kind of vegetable  tissue of such solvents as are
fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its
cavities and interstices.  It has been  affirmed,
that the tunicated or ascidian mollusca have, in
their integuments, a considerable quantity of it.
  CELLULOSUS, Cellular.
  CELOLOG"IA, from xnXn, 'rupture,' and Xoyos,
'a discourse.'  The doctrine of hernia.  A treatise
on hernia.
  CELOSO'MUS, from xnXn, 'a rupture,' and
crwpa, ' body.'   A monster in which the trunk is
malformed, and eventration or  displacement of
the viscera exists.
  CELOTES, see  Hernial.
  CELOTOMTA, Kelotom'ia,  Celot'omy,  from
xnXn, ' a rupture,' and repveiv, ' to cut'  An  ope-
ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of
inguinal hernia;  which consisted, principally, in
passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper-
matic vessels.  It  necessarily occasioned atrophy
and loss of the testicle; and did not secure the
patient against the  return  of the disease.  The
intestines  were, of course, not included  in  the
ligature.   Also, the operation for hernia in gene-
ral.—Hern iot'omy.
  CELOT'OMUS, same etymon.  Herniot'omns.
A knife used in the operation for hernia. Adjec-
tively, it  means relating to celotomy, like Celo-
tom'icua.
  CELSA. A term, used  by Paracelsus  for  a
cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him,
on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con-
cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring
to escape.  Perhaps the disease was Urticaria.
  CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy.
  CELTIS OCCIDENTA'LIS, Sugarberry,
Hackberry. Order, Ulmaceas : indigenous, flower-
ing in May.  The  bark  is said to be anodyne and
cooling; the berries are sweet and astringent.  It
has been  used in dysentery.
  CEAIBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra.
  CEMENT.   A glutinous substance introduced
into a carious tooth  to  prevent the access of air
or other  extraneous matters.  The  following is
an  example:  (R. Sandarac. Qy,  Maatich.  £i;
Succin. gr. x. jEther. SJj; Dissolve  with the aid
of heat.)   Oatermaier'a Cement for the teeth is
prepared of finely  powdered caustic  lime, thirteen
parts; anhydrous  phosphoric acid,  twelve parts.
AVhen introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes
solid in about two minutes.
  CEMENTERIUM, Crucible.
  CEMENTUM, see Tooth.
  CENANGIA, Ceneangia.
  CENCHRON, Panicum miliaeeum.
  CENDRE, Cineritious.
   CENBRE BULEVANT, Soda.
  CENBRES GRAVE LEES,  see Potash —e.
de Sarment, see Potash.
  CENEANGI'A, Cenangla, from xevos, 'empty,'
and ayyeiov, ' a vessel,'  Inanition.  Empty state
of vessels.—Galen.
  CENEMBATE'SIS.  from xcvos, 'empty,' and
cpPatvw, '  I enter.'  Paraeentesis.  Also, the act
of probing a wound  or cavity; Melo'sis.
  CENEONES, Flanks.
  CENIGDAAI, Ceniplam.
  CENIGOTAAI,  Ceniplam.
  CENIPLAM, Cenigdam,  Cenigotam,  Cenypo-
1 
S6                CENTRUM
               CENIPOTAM                1

lam.  The name of an instrument anciently used
for opening the head in epilepsy.—Paracelsus.
  CENIPOTAM, Ceniplam.
  CENO'SIS, from  xevos, 'empty.'   Ine'sia,
Inethmoa.   Evacuation.   It  is  sometimes  em-
ployed  synonymously  with inanition,  and op-
posed to repletion,—Exinanil'io.
  CENOT'ICA, from xevwtris, 'evacuation.'  Dis-
eases affecting the fluids.   Morbid discharges or
excess, deficiency or irregularity  of such as are
natural.  The first order, class Genetica, of Good;

  CENTAU'REA  BEHEN,  Serrat'ula behen,
Behen  abiad, Behen album, Been, AVhite Behen.
Ord. Gentianeas.  Astringent.
  Centau'rea Benedic'ta, Car'dims benedic'tus,
Onicus sylves'tris, Cnicua  benedic'tus, Cardiobol-
anum,  Blessed  or Holy  Thistle, (F.) Chardon
benit.  Fam. Cynarocephaleas.   Sex.  Syst.  Syn-
genesia Polygamia frustranea.  A strong decoc-
tion of the herb is emetic : — a strong infusion,
diaphoretic (?); a light infusion, tonic and sto-
machic.  Dose, gr. xv to 2>j of the powder.
  Centau'rea  Calcitra'pa, Calcitra'pa, Calca-
trep'pola, Car'dims solstitia'lis, Carduus stella'tus,
Ja'cea ramosis'sima,  Cacotrib'ulus,  Calcitrap'pa
atella'ta  seu hippophastum,  Stella'ta  rupi'na,
Centau'rea Stella'ta, Common Star-Thistle,  Star-
Knapweed, (F.) Centauree  etoilee,  Chardon etoile,
Chaussetrapjie, Pignerole.  It is possessed of
tonic properties, and  has been  given in inter-
mittents, dyspepsia, Ae.   It is not much used.
  Centau'rea  Centau'rium, Rhapon'ticum vul-
ga.'re,  Centaurium magnum,  Oentaurium majus,
Greater Cen'taury, Centaurium  officina'le,  (F.)
Centauree grande.  It  is  a bitter; and was for-
merly used as a tonic, especially the root.
  Centau'rea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anus,  Blue  bottle,
Corn-flower,  (F.) Blavelle, Blaveole, Blaverolle.
The flowers were once much used as a cordial,
tonic, Ac.  They are now forgotten.
  Centaurea Stellata,  Centaurea calcitrapa.
  CEXTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea calci-
trapa^—c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium—c. Pe-
tite,  Chironia centaurium.
  CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium.
  CENTAURIS,  Chironia centaurium.
  CENTAURIUM MAGNUM,  Centaurea cen-
taurium—c Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium
— c. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium — c Par-
vum, Chironia centaurium.
  CENTAURY, AMERICAN,  Chironia angu-
laris—o. Greater,  Centaurea centaurium—c. Les-
ser, Chironia centaurium.
  CENTESIS,  Paracentesis, Puncture.
  CENTIGRAMME,  (F.) from centum, 'a hun-
dred,'  and  ypappa,  'gramme,'  Centigram'ma.
The hundredth part  of  a gramme.   A  centi-
gramme is equal to about the  fifth part of a
French grain, gr. .1543, Troy.
  CENTILITRE, Centilltra, from  centum, 'a
hundred,'  and Xtrpa, 'litre.'  An  ancient Greek
measure for liquids : — the hundredth part of a
litre—equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidraehms.
  CEXTIMETRE, Centim'eter;  the  hundredth
part of a  metre — equal  to  about four lines.
.3937 English inch.
  CENTIMORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia.
  CENTINERVIA, Plantago.
  CENTINOBE, Polygonum  aviculare.
  CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare.
  CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen.
  CENTRAD, see Central aspect.
  CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarac'ta centra-
lis,  from xevrpov,  ' centre,' a, privative, and lia-
tpavns, 'transparent'  Cataract owing to obscurity
of the central portion of the crystalline.
  CENTRAL,  Centra'lia,  from  centrum,  'the
centre.'  Relating or appertaining to the centre.
  Central Ar'tery of  the  Ret'ina, Arte'ria
Centra'lia  Ret'ina,  Central  Artery  of Zinn.
This artery is given off from the  arteria  oph-
thalmica,  and penetrates the optic  nerve a little
behind  the  ball  of the  eye; running in the
axis of the nerve, and spreading  out into many
small branches upon the inside of the retina.
AVhen the nerve  is cut across near the eye, the
orifice of the divided artery is observable.  This
was formerly called Pome Op'ticua.
  Central  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards the
centre of an  organ. — Barclay.  Centrad is used
by the same writer adverbially,  to signify ' to-
wards the central aspect.'
  CENTRE OF ACTION.  The viscus in which
the whole or  a great part of any function is exe-
cuted, and to which several other organs contri-
bute.  Thus, the vital activity seems to  be wholly
centred in the stomach, during  chymification;
in the  duodenum, during chylification.   In like
manner, the  uterus becomes  a centre  of action
during gestation.
  Centre, Epigas'tric.  The ganglions and ner-
vous plexuses, formed by the  great sympathetic
and pneumogastric nerves, in the  epigastrium,
around the cceliac artery; where the impressions
received from various parts of the body seem to
be centred.
  Centre of Flux'ion.   The part towards which
fluids are particularly attracted.   An  irritated
organ is said to be a centre of fluxion.
  Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux.  The
organs, whence the nerves originate; as the brain
and spinal marrow.
  Centre, Optic, see Optic centre.
  Centre, Oval, Centrum Ova'le, C. 0. Vieusse'-
nii, Tegumen'tum  ventriculo'rum cer'ebri.  AVhen
the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away,
till on a level with the corpus callosum, the me-
dullary part in each is  of an  oval shape: hence
called centrum ovale minus, (F.) centre medullaire
hemispheral.  The two  centres  of  the  opposite
sides, together with the corpus  callosum,  form
the centrum ovale  of Vieus'aena.   Vieussens sup-
posed all the medullary fibres  to  issue  from that
point, and that it was the great dispensatory of
the animal epirita.
  Centre, Phrenic,  Ten'dinoua Centre of the
Blaphragm,  Centrum Phren'icum,  C.  Ner'veum
or C. Tendino'eum seu tendin'eum, (F.) Centre
phrenique ou C. tendineux du Biaphragme.  The
central aponeurosis or cordiform tendon of the
diaphragm.
  Centre of Sympathet'ic Irradia'tions, (F.)
Centre  d'irradiatione aympathiquea.  Any organ
which  excites, sympathetically,  the  action  of
other organs, more or less  distant from it; and
with which it seems to have  no immediate  com-
munication.—Marjolin.
  Centre,  Tendinous,  of   the  Diaphragm,
Centre, phrenic.
  CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus.
  CENTRUAI, see Atertebras —c. Commune, So-
lar plexus—c. Nerveum,  Centre, phrenic—c. Op-
ticum,  Optic centre — c Ovale, Centre, oval — c.
Ovale minus, see Centre, oval—c. Ovale of A'ieus-
sens, Centre, oval — c Semicirculare geminum,
Tasnia semicircularis — c  Tendinosum,  Centre,
phrenic.
  Centrum  Vita'le, Nodua  seu Fons  vita'lia,
(F.) N'ceud vital.   A term applied, at times,  to
the medulla oblongata; at others, to the medulla
oblongata, and the medulla spinalis as  far as the
second cervical nerve  of the  spinal marrow,  in
any part of which a wound would seem to be in- 
CENTRY
187        CEPHALO-PHARYNGiEUS
Btantly fatal.  It is the nervous centre of respi-
ration and deglutition.
  CENTRY, Chironia angularis.
  CKNTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre.
  CKNTUMNODIA,  Polygonum aviculare.
  CEPA ASCALONICA,  Bulbus  esculentus,
Echalotte—c. Victorialis, Allium victoriale — c.
A'ulgaris, Allium cepa.
  CEP,EA,  A'eronica beccabunga.
  CEPI1AELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha.
  CKPIIAL^E'A, Headaeh, (F.) Cephalee, from
xetpaXn, ' head.'  Some use the term synonymously
with cephalalgia; others, for a periodical head-
aeh ; others, again, for a more violent headaeh
than cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic
headaeh.  The last was its ancient signification.
  Ciphalrc'a spasmod'ica,  Cephalalgia apaemod'-
tea, C. Nauseo'sa, Sick-heatlacli, is characterized
by partial,  spasmodic pain; often shifting from
one part of the head to  another:  chiefly com-
mencing in  the morning, with sickness and faint-
ness.  It is  extremely apt to recur, notwithstand-
ing every caro.
  Cephal.ea Arthritica,  Cephalagra — c. Ile-
micrania, Ilemicrania — c Nauseosa, C. Spas-
modic^ — c  Pulsutilis, Crotaphe.
  CEPIIAL^EAIATO'MA,  from xetbaXn,  'head,'
and 'aipa, 'blood;' Ccphalamato'ma neonato'rum,
Ecchymo'ma cap'itis,  E. capitis recena nato'rum,
Thrombus neonato'rum, Absces'sus  cap'itis san-
guin'cua  neonatorum,  Tumor cap'itis sanguin'eua
nconnto'rnm, Cephalophy'ma, Craniohamaton'cue.
A sanguineous tumour, sometimes developed be-
tween the pericranium and the bones of the head
of new-born children.  Similar tumours are met
with occasionally above other bones, and at  all
periods of existence.
  Cephalhematoma  Neonatorum,  Cephalasma-
toma.
  C E P H A  L M' M I A, Hypera'mia cer'ebri,  H.
Cap'itia,  Encepltaloha'inia, (F.) Hyperemie  ou
Congestion du cerveau, Encephalohemie, H. cere-
brale,  Congestion cerebrale.  Accumulation  of
blood in  the vessels of the brain.
  CEPIIALAGO'GUS,  Cephaloduc'tor,  Capiti-
duc'tor,  from xetpaXn, ' head,'  and  aywyos,  ' a
leader, a driver.'  An instrument used for draw-
ing down the foetal head.
  CEPII'ALAGRA, from xetpaXn, 'the head,' and
aypa,  ' seizure.'   Cephala'a arthrit'ica,  Menin-
gitis arthrit'ica.  Gout in the head.
  CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from xc<paXn, 'the
head.' and ypatpn, 'a description.' An anatomical
description of the head.
  CEPHALALGIA,   Cephalopo'nia,  Cephalo-
dyn'ia,  Enccphalodyn'ia,  Homonopa'gia,  from
xetpaXn, 'the  head,' and aXyos, 'pain;' Enccpha-
lal'gia, Balor Cap'itis, B. cephalicui, Soda, Pain
in the head; Headaeh, (F.) Ce'phalalgie, Mal a
tete.   Every kind of headaeh,  whether   symp-
tomatic  or  idiopathic, is  a cephalalgia.   It is
ordinarily symptomatic, and has to be treated
accordingly.
  Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza — c. In-
flnmmatoria, Phrenitis.
  Cephalalgia Period'ica, Febria intermittens
cephal'ica larva'ta, Intermittent headaeh.   Head-
aeh which returns  periodically; properly, per-
haps, a form of neuralgia.
  Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe—c Spas-
modic!, see  Cephalasa.
  CEPIIALALOC'IA, from x,-,;..,^, 'the  head,'
and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   An anatomical disser-
tation on the head.
  CEPHALANTHE  B'AMERIQUE,  Cepha-
lanthus occidentalis.
  CEPIIALAN'THUS OCCIDENTA'LIS, But-
tomoood  shrub,  Buttonbush, White  Ball,  Little I
Snowball,  Swampwood,  Pond Bogwood, Globe-
flower,  (F.)  Cephalanthe d'Amerique,  Bois  de
Marais.  An ornamental shrub, Nat. Ord. Ru-
biaceae; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which
grows all  over  the  United States, near streams
and  ponds,  and flowers in  July and  August.
The bark of the root has been used as an anti-
periodic tonic.
  CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies.
  CEPHALATOM'IA,  Cephalotom'ia, from
xetpaXn,  'the  head,' and  repvuv,  'to cut'  Ana-
tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head.
  CEPHALE, Head.
  CEPHALIC, Cephal'icus,  Capita'lie, from
xetpaXn,  ' the  head.'  (F.) Cephalique.   Relating
to the head.
  Cephal'ic Rem'edies, Cephal'ica vel  Capita'-
lia  remed'ia, are remedies  capable of relieving
affections  of the  head,  especially  headaeh: —
Cephalar'tica.
  Cephal'ic Vein,  Vena Cephal'ica, Vena Cap'-
itia, (F.) Veine cephalique, Veine radiale cutanee
of Chaussier.  The great superficial vein at the
outer part of the arm and  fore-arm.  It begins
on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles,
which unite into a single trunk, called the Ceph-
alic of the Thumb, Cephal'ica Pol'licis, (F.) Veine
cephalique du pouce.  It ascends along the ante-
rior and outer part of the  fore-arm, where it forms
the superficial radial.   At the fold of the elbow
it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the
outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil-
lary vein.  The name Cephalic was given to it by
the ancients, because they thought it had some
connexion with the  head, and  that blood-letting
ought to be performed on it, in head affections.
  Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine ce-
phalique,  and the  primary or common  carotid,
Artere cephalique.
  CEPHALIDIUM, see  Caput.
  CEPHALI'NE. The base or root of the tongue.
—Gorrasus.
  CEPIIALIS,  see Caput.
  CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis.
  CEPHALIUM, see Caput
  CEPHALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus.
  CEPHALODYMTA,  Enecphalodym'ia ; from
xeipaXn, 'head,' and  <5ijw,  'I enter into.'  A class
of double  monstrosities, in which the  heads  arc
united.  It is divided into two  genera, Fronto-
dym'ia and Bregmatodym'ia ;  in the former the
union being between the  ossa frontis;  in the lat-
ter between the bregmata.—Cruveilhier.
  CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
  CEPHALCEDEMA, Hydrocephalus.
  CEPHALOID, Encephaloid.
  CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid.
  CEPHALO-MEXINGITIS,  Meningo-cepha-
litis.
  CEPHALOM'ETER, from xetpaXn, 'the head,'
and perpov, 'measure.'  An instrument for mea-
suring the different dimensions of the foetal head,
during the process of accouchement.   A kind of
forceps.
  CEPHALON'OSUS, from xetpaXn, 'the head,'
and votros,  ' disease.'  This term has been applied
to the Febris Hungar'ica, in which the head was
much affected.   See Fever,  Hungaric  Others
have so called any cerebral disease or fever.
  CEPHALOPAGES. Symphyocephalus.
  CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^l'US.  from  xetpaXn,
' the head,' and tpapvyt, ' the pharynx :' belonging
to the head and pharynx.  AVinslow  has given
this name  to the portion  of the constrictor pha-
ryngis superior, which is attached, above, to  the
inferior surface of the basilary process of the oa
occipitis.  The Ceph'alo-pharynge'al Aponeuro'- 
             CEPIIALOPHYMA             1?

its is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached
to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the
fibres of the constrictor superior pharyngia.
  CEPIIALOPHYMA, Cephalasmatoma.
  CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia.
  CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal.
  CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA,   Eneephaloao-
motodym'ia; from xetpaXn, 'bead,'  cwpa,  'body,'
and low, ' I enter  into.'  A  double monstrosity,
in which the union is between the heads and the
trunks.   Of this there are varieties : — for exam-
ple, Infra-maxillostermodym'ia, where the union
is with the inferior maxillary bones and  sterna;
and Prosoposternodym'ia, between  the faces and
sterna.—Cruveilhier.
  CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina'lis, Cepll-
alo-rachitl'ittn,Cerebrospinal, Craniospinal.  A
hybrid  term, from xetpaXn,  'head,'  and  spina,
'spine.'  Belonging to the head and spine.
  Ceph'alo-Spinal  Fluid,  Cephalo-rachid'ian
fluid,  Cerebrospinal fluid, Flu'idum cer'ebro-
spina'le,  Subarachnoidean fluid, is an  exhaled
fluid, which is  found  beneath the  arachnoid,
wherever pia mater exists in connexion with the
brain and  spinal cord.  It seems to have a pro-
tecting office, and  to keep up a  certain degree of
pressure on  the organ, — at least  in  the spinal
canal.
  CEPHALOTIIORACOSTERU'MENUS, from
xetpaXn, 'head,' dwpa(, 'the chest,' and  arcptiv, 'to
rob.'  A monster without head  or chest.
  CEPHALOTOMIA, Eecephalosis.
  OMPHALOTRIBE, (F.)   An instrument in-
vented by Baudelocque,  the nephew, for crushing
the head of the foetus  in  utero; from xcpaXn, ' the
head,'  and  rptPw, ' I bruise.'  It  consists of a
strong forceps, the blades of which are solid :  16
lines broad, and 3 thick.  The  handles  are per-
forated at their extremity to receive a screw with
three threads, the direction of which  is very ob-
lique, so as  to allow great  rapidity of rotation,
and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long,
to increase the force  of the pressure.  The bones
cf the head are easily crushed by it.
  CEPHALOTRIP'SY,  Cephalotrip'sis;  same
etymon as Cephalotribe.  The operation of crush-
ing the head of the foetus in utero.
  CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning.
  CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis.
  CEPULLA, Allium cepa.
  CER, Heart.
  CERA FLAVA et CERA ALBA,  Ceros, Yel-
low and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jaune. et Blanche.
An animal  substance prepared by the bee, and
by some plants, as the  Cerox'ylon and  Myrlca
cerif'era.   Its colour is yellow, and  smell like
that of honey, but both are lost  by  bleaching.
It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given
in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen-
tery, but is chiefly used in  cerates and ointments.
  CfZRM'M, from xcpas, 'a horn,' xepaiat. The
Cornua of thejiterus.—Rufus of Ephesus.
  CERAA1ICE,  Cerami'tis,  from  xepapos, 'pot-
ter's earth.'  A sort of earth used as a cataplasm
in peripneumony.—Hippocrates.
  CERAMIUM, Amphora — c. Helminthochor-
tus, Corallina Corsicana.
  CERAAINIUAI, Amphora.
  CERAMURIA, see Urine.
  CERANTHEMUS, Propolis.
  CER AS, xcpas, 'genitive,' xcparos, 'horn,' Cor-
nu;  also,  the  Cornea.   Hence,  Ceratectomia,
Ceratoce/e, Ac.
  CERASION, see Prunus cerasus.
  CERAS'MA, from tctpawvpt, 'to mix:' some-
thing mixed.  A mixture of hot and cold water.
Metaceras'ma.—Gorraeus.
  CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus.
S                CERATITIS

   CERASUS ACIDA, Prunus cerasus — c Avi-
 um, Prunus avinum, P. nigra—e. Dulcis, Prunus
 nigra—c. Hortensis, Prunus cerasus —c. Lauro-
 cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus — c. Pndus, I'runus
 padus — c Raeemosus sylvestris, Prunus  padus
 —c. Rubra, Prunus cerasus—c. Serotina, Prunus
 Virginiana—c. A'irginiana, Prunus Arirginiana—
 c. Arulgaris, Prunus cerasus.
   CER AT BLANC ou BE  G ALIEN, Ccratura
 Galeni—c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum cetacei
 — c. de Goulard,  Ceratum plumbi — e. pour lea
 Levres, Cerate for the lips — c. de J'/oml, compose,
 Ceratum  plumbi compositum — c. de Savon, Ce-
 ratum  Saponis—c. de  Suracetate de plomb, Cera-
 tum plumbi superacetatis.
   CE'RATE,  Cera'tum, from  xnpas, Lat.  cera,
 'wax,'  Cerela'um,  Ccro'ma, Cero'nium, Cero'tum,
 Ceratomalag'ma, (F.) Cerat.  A composition of
 wax, oil,  or lard, without other ingredients.
   Cerate, Simple Cerate,  Cera'tum, Cera'tum
 simplex.   (F.)  Cerat  Simple.   ( White wax, Ijiv,
 Lard, ^viij.)  It is applied as an emollient to
 excoriations, Ac
   Cerate, Belleville's, see  Unguentum Hy-
 drargyri nitrico-oxydi.
   Cerate OF  Cal'amine, Cera'tum  Calamina,
 C. Calamin. prapar., C.  Carbona'tis zinci im-
 pu'ri, C. Zinci Carbona'tis, Cera'tum lap'idis Ca-
 lamina'ria, Cera'tum epulot'icum, Cerate of Car-
 bonate  of Zinc, Turner'a  Cerate, Healing Salve,
 (F.)  Cerat de Pierre Calaminaire, C. de Calamine,
 Calamin., Cera fiava, aa. ,5'U»  adipia, Ibj.   Melt
 the wax and lard  together, and, on cooling, add
 the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool.—Ph. U. S.)
   Cerate of Canthar'ides, Cera'tum Canthar'-
 idis, Blister Ointment, Ointment of Sp>anish Flies,
 Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria, Unguen'tum Pul'veria
 Meloea vesicato'rii, Ung.  epispias'ticum for'tius,
 Cera'tum  Lytta,   (F.)  Cerat   de  Cantharides.
 (Spermaceti  cerate >>vj> Cantharides  in  powder,
 gj.  The  cerate  being softened by heat, stir in
 the flies.)  This cerate of the European Pharma-
 copoeias is used to  keep blisters, issues, Ac, open.
 See Unguentum Lyttas.   For the Cerate of Spa-
 nish flies  of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, see Eni-
 plastrum Lyttas.
   Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum Plumbi compo-
 situm.
   Cerate, Kirkland's   Neutral.   (Diacliyl.
 3viij, olive oil 3jiv, prepared,  chalk  'iv: when
 nearly  cool, add Acet.  dent. ~,\v, plumb, supcracet.
 3iij.)  A cooling emollient.
   Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'tum
 labia'le rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia demulcen'-
 da.—Ph.  P.  (F.) Cerat ou Pommade pour lea
 levrea,  ( Wax 9 parts; oil 16  parts; — coloured
 with alkanet.)
   Cerate, Lead, Compound,  Ceratum  plumbi
 compositum.
   Cerate, Marshall's.   (Palm oil gvi.  calomel
 %), sugar  of lead ^ss, ointment of nitrate of mcr-
 curll S'J-)
   Cerate, Resin, Compound,  Ceratum Resinas
 compositum — c.  Savine,  Ceratum sabinre — c.
 Soap, Ceratum saponis — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum
 cetacei — c of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce-
 ratum plumbi superacetatis — c. Turner's, Cerate
 of calamine — c of Carbonate  of zinc, Cerate of
 calamine.
   CERATECTOM'IA, from xeoas, 'the  cornea,'
 and exropos, ' cut out' An incision through the
 cornea.  See Ceratotomia.
   CERATIA,  Ceratonium siliqua.
   CERATI'ASIS, from xcpas, 'horn.'  A morbid
 condition  characterized by corneous growths.
   CERATION, Siliqua.
   CERATI'TIS, Keratitis, from xcpas, 'the cor-
 nea,' and  itie,  ' inflammation.'   Inflammation of 
CERAT1UM                13J
the cornea, Ceratltia, Ceratode'ltis, Ccratomcnin-
cjltia, ('ornci'tis, Inflamma'tio cor'nem.
  CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua.
  CER'A TO,  in  composition,  in  the  names  of
muscles, is used for the cornua of the os hyoides ;
—as Cerato-glossus.
  CERATOCE'LE, Aqnula, Uva'tio, Prominen-
tia C.r'ina, Hernia Cor'nea, Ceratodeoce'le, from
xcpas, ' horn,' and  K17A17, ' tumour.'  A protrusion
of the transparent cornea, or rather of the mem-
brane of the aqueous humour through an opening
in tho cornea.
   CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis.
   CERAT0DKO0ELE, Ceratocele.
   CFRATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis.
   CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea.
   CERATOGLOS'SUS, Keratogloa'ette, from  xc-
pas, ' horn,' and yXwaoa, 'the tongue.'  A muscle,
extending from the great cornu of the os hyoides
to  the base of the tongue.  It is a part of the
hyoglossus.
   CERATOIDES, Cornea.
   CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma.
   CERATO'AIA,  Cerato'sis, from  xcpas,  'horn.'
A horny growth, or horny formation.
   CERATO-MALAGMA,  Cerate.
   CE RATO-M EN INGITIS, Ceratitis.
   CERATO-A1ENINX, Cornea.
   CERATO'NIA  SIL'IQUA.  The Carob  Tree,
Ci ra'tium, Ccra'tia, Siliqua dulcis, Caro'ba Al-
nabati,   Swcetpod, (F.)  Caroubier (Fruit,  Ca-
rouge.)   This—the fruit of the Ceratonia siliqua
— is  mucilaginous, and employed  in  decoction,
where mucilages are indicated.
   CERATONYX'IS,  Keratonyx'is,  Ceratodeo-
tiyx'is,  from xcpas, ' the  cornea,' and  vvocw, ' I
puncture.'  An operation by which the crystal-
line is depressed by means of a needle introduced
into  the eye through the cornea.  Some divide
the crystalline into fragments with the needle,
and leave them to the action of  the absorbents.
The operation is as old as the 17th century.
   CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US, Ker'ato-Pharyn-
ge'its, from xcpas,  'horn,'  and  tpapvy^, 'the  pha-
rynx.'  The great and small Cer'ato-pharynge'i
are small fleshy  bundles,  forming part of the
Hyopharynqeus of AVinslow.
   CERATOPLAS'TICE, from xcpas, 'the cor-
nea,' and  ttXaanxos,  'forming, formative.'  The
operation for the formation of an artificial cornea.
It has not been practised on man.
   CERATORRHEX'IS, Ruptu'ra cor'nea, from
xtp'is, ' the cornea,' and pn^is, 'rupture.' Rupture
of  the cornea,
   CERATOSIS, Ceratoma.
   CER'ATO-STAPHYLFXUS, Ker'atostaphy-
11 nus, from xcpas,  'horn,' and aratpvXn, 'the uvu-
la.'  Some fleshy fibres of the Thyro-Staphylinus
of AVinslow.
   CERATOTOM'IA,  Ceratectom'ia, from xcpas,
'cornea,' and  repveiv, 'to  cut.'   Section of the
transparent cornea.   This  incision is used in the
operation for cataract, to give exit to pus effused
in  the eye, in  case of hypopyon, Ac.
   CERATOT'OAIUS, Keratot'omus, Kerat'omus,
from xcpas, 'cornea,' and  repveiv, 'to cut.'   A
name given by AVenzel to his  knife for dividing
the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata-
ract.  Many modifications of the instrument have
been  made since AVenzel's time.f  See Knife,
cataract.
   CERATUM. Cerate—c Album, Ceratum ceta-
cei, Ceratum Galeni — c de Althaea, Unguentum
de  Althasa— c Calamina1, Cerate of Calamine —
c. Cantharidis, Cerate of  Cantharides, Emplas-
trum Lytta* — c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi
Bubcarbonntis.
   Cera'tum Ceta'cei, Cera'tum spermaceti, Ce-
9                CERATUM

 ra'tnm  album,  C. Ceti,  Unguen'tum  adipoce'ra
 ceto'rum, Linimeil turn album,Emplas'trum Sperm'-
 atia Ceti, Spermaceti Cerate, (F.) Cerat de blanc
 de baleine.  (Spermaceti 3J, white wax 3iij, olive
 oil 13 vi.  Ph.  U. S.)  A good  emollient to ul-
 cers, Ac.
   Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Cicutas,
 Ceratum conii — c. Citrinum, Ceratum resinas.
   Cera'tum Coni'i,  Cera'tum  Cicn'ta.  (Ung.
 conii Ibj, cetacei 3*ij, cera alba 3rU-) A formula
 in Bartholomew's Hospital: occasionally applied
 to cancerous, scrofulous sores, Ac.
   Ceratum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine.
   Cera'tum Gai.e'ni, Cera'tum album, C. refrig"-
 erans Gale'ni,  Unguen'tum cera'tum,  U. amygda-
 li'num,  U. eimplex, Emplas'trum  ad  fontic'uloa,
 O'leo-cera'tum  aqud eubac'tum,  Cold  Cream, (F.)
 Cerat blanc ou  de Galien.  ( White wax 4 parts;
 oil of eweet  almonds 16 parts;  add, when melted,
 water or rose-water 12 parts.  Ph. P.)  A  mild
 application  to chaps, Ac.
   Cbratum Labiale  Rubrum, Cerate for the
 lips — c. Lapidis calaminaris, Cejate of calamine
 — c  Lithargyri acetati compositum,  Ceratum
 plumbi  compositum — c Lyttas, Cerate of  can-
 tharides—c. Mercuriale, Unguentum  hydrargyri
 —c. Picatum, Pisselasum.
   Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, Cera'tum. Li-
 thar'gyri Aceta'ti Compos'itum,  Goulard's Oint-
 ment, Cera'tum subaceta'ti plumbi medica'turn, C.
 Plumbi Subaceta'tia (Ph. U.S.),  Cera'tum Satur'-
 ni, Compound Lead Cerate, Goulard'e  Cerate, (F.)
 Cerat de  Goulard,  C. de Plomb coniiiose.  (Liq.
 plumb,  subacet. 3'>ssi cera fiava,  31V:  ol.  oliv.
 §*ix;  camphora, ^ss.  Ph.  U. S.)  Its virtues are
 the same as the next.
   Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis,  Unguen'-
 tum Oerus'sa Aceta'ta, Cerate of Superacetate or
 Sugar of Lead,  Cera'tum  Plumbi Aceta'tis, Un-
 guentum Acetatis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat de suracetate
 de Plomb.  (Acetate of lead, ^ij; ivhite icax, ^ij;
 olive oil, Ibss.)   Cooling and astringent.
   Ceratum Refrigerans Galeni, Ceratum Ga-
 leni.
   Ceratum Resi'n.e, C. Resi'na flora, C. cit'ri-
 num, Unguen'tum basilicon fiavum, Ung. Resi'na
 fiava,  Ung. Resino'sum, Resin Cerate or Oint-
 ment,  Yellow  Basilicon, Basilicon  Ointment.
 (Resin,  flav. 3v; Cera fiav. 3ij;  Adipis, 3v>>jj
 Ph. U.  S.)  A  stimulating application to old ul-
 cers, Ac.  Digestive.
   Dr. Smellome's Ointment for  the Eyes consists
 of finely powdered verdigris, ff,**, rubbed  with
 oil, and then mixed with an ounce  of ceratum
 resina.
   Ceratum Resi'n.e « Compos'itum,   Compound
 Resin Cerate, (Resin., Sevi,  Cera flora, aa" Ibj;
 Terebinth.  Ibss;  Ol. Lini, Oss.   Melt together,
 strain through  linen, and stir till cool. Ph. U.S.)
   Ceratum Sabi'n.*:, Unguentum Sabina, Sarine
 Cerate,  (F.) Cerat de Sabine.   (Sarine,  in pow-
 der, ^ij; Resin Cerate, Ibj.  Ph. U.  S.)  Irrita-
 tive, ' drawing.'  Used in the same cases as the
 cerate of cantharides.
   Ceratum Sapo'nis, Soap Cerate, (F.)  Cerat de
 Savon.  (Liq^Plumb. subacetat., Oij ; Sajion.  2vj ;
 Cera alba,  3.x ;  01. oliva, Oj.   Boil the solution
 of subacetate  of lead with the soap  over a slow
 fire, to  the consistence of honey, then transfer to
 a water-bath, and evaporate until all the moisture
 is dissipated;  lastly,  add the  wax,  previously
 melted  with the  oil, and mix.—Ph. U. S.)  It  is
 applied in cases of sprains or fractures.
   Ceratum Saturni, Ceratum Plumbi composi
 turn—c. Simplex, 'Cerate simple—c. Spermaceti,
 Ceratum cetacei — c. Subacetati plumbi medica-
 tum, Ceratum plumbi compositum—c. Tctraphar-
 macum, Pisselasum. 
CERAUNION
190
CEREBRUAI
  Ceratum Zinci  Carbonatis,  Cerate of Car-
bonate of Zinc.  (Zinci carbonat. praparat. J'j j
Ung. simpl. 5Jx.   Ph. U. S.)   Used in the same
cases  as the Ceratum Calaminas.
  CERAU'NION,  from xcpawos,  'thunder,'  'a
thunderbolt' Lapis fulmin'eus. A kind of stone,
which was believed to be formed during thunder;
and to  be  possessed of the power of inducing
sleep, and  numerous other  prophylactic virtues.
It was rubbed ou the knee,  breast, Ac, in swell-
ings of those parts.
  CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvis cornachini.
  CERCA'RIA.  A genus  of agastric, infusory
animalcules,  one of the most curious of which
inhabits the tartar of the teeth.  The spermatozoa
are presumed by some to belong to this genus.
  CERCHNASMUS, Cerchnus.
  CERCHNOMA,  Cerchnus.
  CERCHNUS, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnum, Cerch-
no'ma, from xepXvew, ' I render hoarse.'  A rough
voice produced by hoarseness.   See Rattle.
   CER'CIS, xepxts.  A sort of pestle for reducing
substances to powder.  Also, the radius or small
bone  of the arm.  See Pilum, and Radius.
   CER CLE, Circulus—c. de la Chordide, Ciliary
ligament—c. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament.
   CERCO'SIS,  from  xexpos,  'a tail.'  Men'tula
mnlie'bris, the Clit'oris. Some authors have em-
ployed  the word synonymously with nymphoma-
nia and elongation of the clitoris; and withPo^-
pus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cerco'sis of Sauvages.
   Cercosis Clitoridis, Clitorism — c. Externa,
Clitorism.
   CEREA, Cerumen.
   CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.'
(F.)  Cereales (Plantes.)  The cerealia are gra-
mineous plants, the seed of which serve  for  the
nourishment of man :—as wheat, barley, rye,  Ac.
At times, the same term is applied to some of  the
leguminous plants.
   CEREBARIA, Carebaria.
   CEREBEL'LA  URI'NA.  Urine of a whitish
appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel-
lum,  from which  Paracelsus thought he could
distinguish diseases of that organ.
   CEREBELLI'TIS,  badly  formed from cere-
bellum, and itis, denoting inflammation.   Poren-
cephalitis, Inflamma'tio cerebelli. Inflammation
of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or ence-
phalitis.
   CEREBEL'LOUS,  Cerebello'sus, from cerebel-
lum,  'the little brain.'  (F.) Cerebelleux.  Chaus-
sier has given this epithet to the vessels of  the
cerebellum.  These are three in number;  two
of which are inferior: the larger, inferior cere-
belli, which  arises from the posterior cerebral or
vertebral; and  the smaller, whose  existence is
not constant, from the meso-cephalic or basilwy:
—the third,  called A. cerebelleuse superieure (su-
 perior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary.
   Cerebel'lous  Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia cere-
hello'sa : apoplexy of the cerebellum.
   CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive  of Cerebrum; C.
parvum,Appen'dix ad cer'ebrum,Cer'ebrumposte'-
 rius, Encra'nion, Encra'nis, Epencra'nis, Paren-
ceph'alis, Parenceph'alus, Encephalium, Enceph'-
 al is  opis'thius,  Micrencepha'Hum, Micrenceph'a-
 lum,  Little brain, (F.)  Cervelet.   A portion of the
 medullary mass, contained in the cavity of  the
 cranium.  It fills the lower occipital fossae below
 the tentorium, and embraces the tuber annulare
 and  medulla.   It is composed, like the brain, of
 vesicular  and  tubular substance,  arranged in
 laminas, as  it were; so that, when  a section is
 made of it, it  has  an arborescent  appearance,
 ealled  Arbor vita.  The cerebellum is  divided
 into  two lobes  or  hemispheres or lateral masses,
 and each lobe is again subdivided into Montie'uli
or Lobules.  In the cerebellum are to be observed
the crura cerebelli, the fourth ventricle, the val-
vula magna cerebri, the pirocessus vermiculures,
superior and inferior, Ac.
  CER'EBRAL,  Ccrebro'lis, (F.)  Cerebral, from
cerebrum,  ' the brain.'  Belonging to the brain:
similar to  brain.
  Cerebral Apophysis, Pineal gland.
  Cerebral Ar'teries are three on each side:
— the anterior or artery of the corpus  callosum,
and the middle, arte'ria Sylvia'na., are furnished
by the internal carotid: — the posterior or poste-
rior and inferior  artery of the brain, A. profunda
cerebri, arises from  the vertebral.   Chaussier
calls these arteries lobaires, because they corre-
spond  with the  anterior, middle, and  posterior
lobes, whilst he  calls  the  trunks, whence they
originate,  cerebral.
  Cerebral Nerves are those which arise with-
in the cranium,  all of which, perhaps, with the
exception of  the olfactory, originate from  the
medulla oblongata.  See Nerves.
  In Pathology,  an affection  is called cerebral,
which  specially occupies the brain.  Filvre cere-
brale,  Cerebral fever,  is a variety in which the
head is much  affected.
   CEREBRIFORM  Encephaloid.
   CEREBROPATHY, see Nervous diathesis.
   CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollifies cerebri.
   CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal.  A cere-
bro-spinal or cerebro-spinant is a neurotic, which
exercises  a special influence over one or more
functions  of the brain and spinal  cord,  and their
respective nerves.—Pereira.
   Cerebro-Spinal Axis,  see Encephalon.
   CEREBRO-SPINANT,  Cerebro-spinal.
   CER'EBRUM or CERE'BRUAI.  The brain.
(F.) Cerveau,  Cervelle.  This term is sometimes
applied to the whole of the contents of the cra-
nium : at others, to the upper portion ;—the pos-
terior and inferior being called cerebellum. The
brain, properly so called, extends from  the os
frontis to the  superior occipital fossas.   Anterior-
ly, it rests on the orbitar vaults :  behind this, on
the middle fossas of  the  base of the  cranium;
and, posteriorly,  on the tentorium cerebello super-
extensum.   The  upper surface  is divided by a
deep  median  cleft (Scissure  interlobaire, — Ch.)
into two  halves, called hemispheres, which are
united at the base by the corpus callosum.  At
its surface are numerous convolutions.   The infe-
rior surface exhibits, from before to behind, three
lobea,  distinguished  into  anterior, middle,  and
poaterior.  The middle is separated from the an-
terior  by the  fiaaure  of  Sylvius ; and from tho
posterior,'*by a shallow furrow which corresponds
to the upper portion of the para petrosa.  Inter-
nally,  the brain has, on the median line, the cor-
pus callosum, septum lucidum,  fornix,  pineal
gland, and tli ird ventricle:—and laterally, the late-
ral ventriclee, in which are  the corpora atriata,
optic thalami, Ac.  It is  contained in a triple
envelope, (see Meninges.)   Its texture is pulpy,
and varies according to age.  Two  substances may
be distinguished in it—the white, medullary, tubular
or fibroua — medulla  cer'ebri, and the cortical,
cineritioue, veaicular, or gray.   The  former  is
white; and occupies  all the  interior and base of
the brain.  The latter is grayish and softer.   It
is situate particularly at the surface of the organ.
   The brain receives several  arterial vessels, fur-
nished by the internal carotid and vertebral.  Its
veins  end  in the sinuses.   It is  the material
 organ of the mental  and moral  manifestations.
 According  to Gall, each part is the special seat
 of one of those faculties, and the  brain and cere-
 bellum, inclusive, are called by him  'the nervous
 eystcm of the  mental faculties.'  See Craniology. 
CEREFOLIUM
191
CERVISPINA
  The substance of the nervous system—Nturine
has been analyzed by A'auquelin,  and found to
contain  water, 80.00; white fatty  matter, 4.53;
red fatty matter,  called cerebrine, 0.70;  osma-
zome, 1.12 ;  albumen,  7.00 ;  phosphorus, 1.50 ;
Bulphur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime,  and
magnesia, 5.15.
   Cerebrum Abdominale, Solar plexus—c. Elon-
gatum,  .Medulla oblongata—c Parvum, Cerebel-
lum—c. Posterius, Cerebellum.
   CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium—c Ilis-
panicum, Chaerophyllum odoratum—c. Sylvestre,
Cluerophyllum sylvestre.
   CEREL^EUAU Cerate.
   CEREOLUS, Bougie.
   CERERISIA, Cerevisia.
   CEREU.M  MEDICATUM,  Bougie.
   CEREUS, Bougie.
   CEREVIS'IA, quasi Cereris'ia,  Cervis'ia, Oe'-
lia, Zythus, Zythum, Liquor Cer'eris,  Vinum hor-
dea'ceum, Bira, Bryton, Ppvrov, Barley wine, from
Ceres,  'corn;' whence it is made.  Ale (Alia,)
 Beer, Porter, (F.) Biere, Cervoise.  These fluids
are drunk  by the  inhabitants of many countries
habitually,  and in Great Britain  and Germany
more than in others.   They are nourishing, but
not very easy of digestion.   The old  dispensato-
ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are
no longer in use.
   Cerevisia Nigra, see Falltranck.
   CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium — c. Musqw,
Ohmrophyllum  odoratum — c. Sauvage, Chasro-
phyllum sylvestre.
   CER ION, Favus, Porrigo favosa.
   CERISIER, Prunus cerasus — c.  d  Groppes,
 Prunus padus—c. de Virginie.  Prunus  A'irginiana.
   CERNIN, SAINT, AVATERS OF.   St. C. is a
 parish  in  the diocess  of St.  Flour,  Upper Au-
 vergne, France.   The water is a chatybeate.  It
 is called Eau du Cambon.
   CERNOS,  Capistrum.
   CEROE'NE, Cerou'ne, or Ciroue'ne, Ceroe'num,
 from xnpos, 'wax,' and otvos, 'wine.'  A  plaster
 composed of yellow ivax, mutton suet, pitch, Bur-
gundy  jiitch, bole  Armeniac,  thus and wine.  It
 was  used as a strengthening plaster.  Sometimes
 it contained neither wax nor  wine.
   CEROMA, Cerate.
    CEROMANTI'A,  from xnpos, 'wax,' and pav-
 rcia, 'divination.'  The art of foretelling  the fu-
 ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes,
 when suffered to drop on the surface of water.
   CEROXIU.M, Cerate.
   CEROPIS'SUS, from  xnpos, 'wax,'and vtaaa,
* pitch.'  A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch
 and  wax.
   CEROS. Cera,
   CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis.
   CEROTUM. Cerate.
   CEROXYLON, see Cera fiava et alba.
   CK.RUA, Ricinis communis.
   CERU'MEN,   from  cera,  'wax.'    Ceru'men
 Au'riuin, Ce'rea, Aurinm Sordes, Sordic'ula au'-
 rium, Marmora'ta Au'riuin, Cypsele, Ceru'minous
 Humour, Ear-wax, Cyp'selis, Fu'gile,  (F.) Cire
 des Oreilles.  A name  given to the. unctuous hu-
 mour, similar to wax  in its  physical properties,
 which is met with in the meatus auditorius exter-
 nus.  It is secreted  by glands, situate beneath
 the  skin lining  the meatus.  It lubricates the
 meatus, preserves the suppleness of the lining
 membrane, prevents the introduction of bodies
floating in the atmosphere, and by its bitterness
 and  unctuousness prevents  insects  from pene-
 trating.
   CERU'MINOUS.  Cerumino'sus, (F.)  Cerumi-
neux.  Relating to cerumen.
   Ceruminous  Glands, Ceru'minous  Follicles,
(F.)  Glands ctrumineuses ou Follicules cerumi-
neuses.   Glands or follicles which secrete  the
cerumen.
  CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas—
c Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas—c. Alba
Norica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c Psymmithron,
Plumbi  subcarbonas — c Serpentaria, see  Arum
maculatum.
  CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas.
  CERUS'SEA URI'NA. A term used by Para-
celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusse.
  CERArARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium.
  CER VEAU,  Cerebrum.
  CERVELET, Cerebellum.
  CER VELLE, Cerebrum.
  CERA'I ELAPHI CORNU,  Cornu cervi, see
Cervusl
  CER'VICAL, Cervica'lis, from cervix, 'the
back  of  the  neck.'  Trache'lian.   Every thing
which concerns the neck, especially the back part.
  Cervical Ar'teries are three in number : 1.
The ascending,  anterior, or superficial, a branch
of the inferior thyroid, distributed to the scaleni
muscles  and integuments.   2. The transverse
(Cervicoscapulaire — Ch.,) a branch of the axil-
lary artery, or of the subclavian :  distributed to
the levator scapula, trapezius, Ac.  3. The pos-
terior or profound, A.  transversa'lis colli, Tra-
chelo-cervicale—(Ch.) a branch of the subclavian,
distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an-
terior and posterior parts of the neck.  See, also,
Princeps Cervicis (arteria.)
  Cervical  Gan'glions.  The three  ganglions
of the great sympathetic.  The cervical glands
or  lymphatic glands of the neck  are, also, so
called.   See  Trisplanchnic nerve.
  Cervical  Lig'aments.  These are two in
number.  1. The anterior, extending from the
basilary process of the  occipital bone to the an-
terior part of the first cervical vertebra.  2.  The
posterior or suprasplnous, Ligamen'tum Nu'cha,
which extends  from the outer occipital protube-
rance to the  spinous process of  the seventh cer-
vical vertebra.   In animals with large heads it is
very strong.
  Cervical  Nerves  are  eight in number on
each side, and form the eight cervical pairs, which
are the  first given off from the spinal marrow.
  Cervical Plexus, Plexus Trachelo-souscutane
(Ch.)  The nervous net-work formed by the an-
terior branches of the first three cervical nerves,
above the posterior scalenus muscle,  and  at the
outer side of the pneumogastric nerve, carotid
artery, and jugular vein.
  Cervical Region, Anterior, Deep, Prever-
tebral region.  The region of the neck, occupied
by  three pairs of muscles placed immediately in
front of the cervical and  three superior  dorsal
vertebras :—viz. the rectus capitis anticus  major,
the rectus capitis anticus minor, and longus colli;
—hence termed prevertebral muscles.
  Cervical A'eins have  nearly the same distri-
bution as the arteries.
  Cervical A'er'tebrjE.  The  first seven verte
bras of the spine.
  CERVICALIS   DESCENDENS,  see  Hypo
glossus and Sacro-lumbalis.
  CERA'ICARIA, Campanula trachelium.
   CERVICI-DORSO-SCAPULAIRE, Rhom
boideus—c. Dorso-costaL,  Serratus  posticus su-
perior — c. Dorso-mastoidien et  dorso-trachelien,
Splenitis—e. Masto'idien, Splenitis.
  CER'VICO-FA'CIAL, Cei-vleo-facia'V*.  Be-
longing  to the neck and face.
  Cervico-FACial Nerve, A'ervus cervico-facia
lis.  A  branch  of  the facial nerve, distributed to
the neck and face.
  CERVISIA, Cerevisia.
  CERVISPINA, Rhamnus. 
CERVIX
192
CIIAAUEPRYS
  CERVIX, Collum.   The neck.   A neck.
  Cervix Obstipa, Torticollis—c- Uteri, Collum
uteri.
  CERVOISE, Cerevisia,
  CERVUS, Cerva.  The horn of the Cervue El -
aphus, called Cornu, Cervi  El'aphi Cornu, Cornu
Cervi'num, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerj,  con-
tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100.  A jelly made
from the shavings is emollient and nutritive.
  The Stag's  Pizzle,  Pria'pus  Cervi, was  once
eonsidered'to be aphrodisiac  Dose, yj to #^j, in
powder.                           ✓
  Cervus Alces.  The  Elk, (F.)  Elan.  The
hoof of this animal was anciently used as an anti-
epileptic  The animal, it was asserted, was sub-
ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them
by  putting its  hoof into the ear.  The  hoof was
also worn as an amulet.
   Cornu  Ustum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used
as  an antacid, but it consists  of 57 parts of phos-
phate, and only one of carbonate of lime.   It is,
therefore, not of much use.
   CESARIENNE OPERATION,  Cassarean
 section.
   CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea.
   CESTRI'TES.  A wine prepared from betony,
 (xearpov,  'betony.')
   CESTRON, Betonica officinalis.
    CETA'CEUAl, from xnros, 'a whale.'  Album
 Ceti,  Adipoce'ra  ceto'sa, Steari'num ceta'ceum,
 Spermacet'i, (F.) Blanc de Baleinc, Ceiine, Adi-
 pocire de Baleine. An inodorous, insipid, white,
 crystallized, friable, unctuous substance, obtained
 from the brain of the Physe'ter Macroceph'alus
 or  Spermaceti  Whale, and other varieties  of
 whale.   S. g. .9433: melts  at  112°.   It is  de-
 mulcent and emollient, and has been given in
 coughs and dysentery, but is mostly used in oint-
 ments,   Dose, £ss to £iss, rubbed up with sugar

 01 CETERACH OFFICINARUAI, Asplenium
 ceterach.
    CETINE,  Cetaceum.
    CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus.
    CETRARIN, see  Lichen islandicus.
    CETRARIUM, see Lichen islandicus.
    CEVADILLA HISPANORUM, Ateratrum sa-
  badilla.
     CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla.
     CHAA, Thea.
     CHjEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium.
     CH^EROPHYL'LUM, from  Xaipw, 'I rejoice,'
  »,nd tpvXXov, ' a leaf.' Scandix  cerefolium.
     Chaerophyllum Cerefolium, Scandix cerefo-
  lium — c. Angulatum, Ch.sylvestre.
     CHjEROphyl'lum Odora'tum, Scandix Odo-
  ra'ta,Myrrhis Odora'ta sen Major, Cicuta'riaodo-
  ra'ta,  Cerefo'lium  Hispan'icum, Sweet  Cic"ely,
  (F.)  Cerfeuil  musquee ou  d'Espagne,  has  the
  smell of aniseed, and is cultivated on account of
  its aromatic properties.
     Ch,erophyl'lum Monogynum, Ch. sylvestre—
  c Sativum,  Scandix.
     Cha:rophyl'lum Sylves'tre, Cicuta'ria, Cha-
   rophyl'lum tem'ulum seu monog'ynum seu angu-
   la'tum seu verticella'tum, Anthris'cus hu'milis seu
   proc"erus, Cerefo'lium Sylves'tre, Bastard Hem-
   lack, Wild  Chervil or  Cow-weed, (F.) Cerfeuil
   ,auvage, Persil d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic,
   but is not used.
     Chaerophyllum Temulum, Chaerophyllum syl-
   vestre—c. A'erticillatum, Ch. sylvestre.
     CH^ETE, Capillus.
     CHAFING, Erythe'ma Intertrigo, Intertrigo,
    Paratrim'mo, Paratrip'sis, Diatrim'ma, Attrlta,
    Attril'io, from echauffer, 'to heat' _ Fret.   Ero-
    sions of the skin; Attrltus, (F.) Echauffemens,
    ficorchures.  The  red excoriations which  occur
in consequence of the friction of parts, or between
the folds of the skin, especially in fat or neglected
children.  AV ashing with cold water and dusting
with hair-powder is the best preventive.  AVhen
occurring between the nates and in the region of
the  perinosum, from long walking,— Intertrigo
pod'icis, Proctalgia intertrigino'sa, — \t is vul-
garly designated by the French Entrefesson.
   CHAIR, Flesh.                   .
   CHAIR, OBSTETRIC, Labour chair.
   CHAISE PERCEE, Lasanum.
   CIIALASIS, Relaxation.
   CHALASMUS, Relaxation.
   CHALAS'TICUS, from XaXaw,  'I relax.   A
medicine  proper for  removing  rigidity  of  the
fibres.—Galen.  An emollient or relaxant.
   CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chalazium, Chalazo'-
aie, Poro'sia, Grondo, Tophus, Hail, (F.) Grele,
 Gravelle.   A hard, round, transparent tumour,
 developed in  different  parts of the body, more
 especially  in  the  substance  of the eyelids.—
 Also, the Cicatricula of the egg.  Generally, how-
 ever, in the language of ovologists, the chalaza
 or poles  are,  in the egg of the bird,  the more
 dense internal layer of the albumen, which ad-
 heres to the yolk, and is continued, in the form
 of two  spirally twisted  bands, towards the extre-
 mities of the egg.  The twisting is considered to
 be produced by the revolving motion of the egg
 in its descent through the oviduct.
    Chalaza, see Chalaza.
    CHALCANTHUM,  Ferri sulphas — c. Album
  Zinci sulphas.
    CHALCEDONIUS, Cornelian.
    CHALCITAS, Bismuth.
    CHALCITES, Colcothar.
    CHALCOIDEUM, (os), Cuneiform bone.
    CHALCOS, Cuprum, iEreoluni.
    CHALCUS, .iEreolum.
    CHALEUR, Heat—c. Acre, see Acrid—e. Ani-
  mate, Animal  heat, see Heat — c. des Animavx,
  see Heat
    CHALEURS DU FOIE, Heat.
    CHALINI, see Lip.
    CHAL'INOPLASTY, Chalinoplas'tiee ;  from
  vaXiJ-oj,  'frasnum,'  'a bridle,'  and itXaaaw, 'I
  form.'  The operation for forming a new frasnum.
     CHALK, Creta—c Red, Rubrica febrilis—c.
  Stones, Calculi, arthritic.
     CHALYB'EATE,  Chalybea'tus, Ferrngin'ens,
  Fcrrugino'sus, Ferra'tua,  Martia'lis,  Ferru'tp-
  nous,  Mar'tial, (F.) Ferrugineux; from  chalybs,
  ' iron  or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron ; contain-
  in" iron.  Any medicine into which iron enters,
  && chalybeate mixture, pills, waters, Ac. See Wa-
  ters, Mineral.
     CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri subcarbonas.
     CHALYBS, from Chalybes ; a people of  Pon-
   tes, who dug iron out of the earth; A'cies, Steel.
   The  Proto-carburet of iron,  (F.) Acier.  As a
   medicine, steel does not differ from iron.
     Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum.
     CHAMA, Cheme.
     CHAMjEACTE, Sambucus ebulus.
     CHAMiEBATOS, Fragaria.
     CHAMiECEDRIS. Artemisia santonica.
     CHAAUECISSUS, Glecoma hederaceum.
     CHAMiECLEMA, Glecoma hederaceum — C.
   Hederacea,  Glecoma hederacea.
     CHAMiECYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica.
     CHAM.EDROPS,  Teucrium chamasdrys.
     CHAMJEDRYFTES.  A wine, in which the
    Teu'crium Chamadrys has been infused.
     CHAM^EDRYS, Rubus chamasmorus,Teucrium
   Ch.,  Veronica—c. Incana  maritima, Teucrium
   marum—c Alarum, Teucrium marum—c. Minor
   repens, Teucrium  Ch. — c. Palustris, Teucrium
    scordium — c. Scordium, Teucrium scordium—c.
    A'ulgaris, Teucrium Ch. 
CHAALEGEIRON             193
  CH.ULEGKIROX, Tussilago.
  CHAMiEL.EAGNUS, Myrica gale.
  CIIA AUELAUTES. A wine impregnated with
Chamalea, Itaphne Alpi'na.
  CHA.MiELEA, Cneorum tricoccum.
  CKAMvELEON ALBUM,  Carlina acaulis.
  CHAM2ELEUCE,  Tussilago.
  CHAMvELINUM,  Linum catharticum.
  CHAM,ELIR'IUAI LU'TEUAI, Vera'trum lu'-
teum,  Helo'nius hi tea, H. Dioi'ca,  Devil's Bit,
Blazing star; indigenous; Order, Melanthaceas;
flowering in June;  is acrid.  An  infusion of the
root has been given  as an anthelmintic; a tinc-
ture, as a tonic.
  CHAA17E.MELUM, Anthemis nobilis —c. Fos-
tidum, Anthemis cotula — e. Nobile,  Anthemis
nobilis—c. Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis—c. Vul-
gare,  Matricaria chamomilla.
  CHAMvEMORUS, Teucrium chamaspitys, Ru-
bus chanucmorus—c. Norwegica, Rubus chamas-
morus.
  CHAM/FPEUCE,  Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
  CHAAUEPITUI'NUAl A'INUM.  A wine, in
which the leaves of the Chama'pitys,  Teu'erium
Chamcr'pitys, have been infused.
  CIIAAUEPITYS,  Teucrium chamaspitys — c.
Anthyllus,  Teucrium iva—c. Moschata, Teu-
crium iva.
  CHAALEPLION,  Erysimum.
  CHAAUERAPH'ANUM, from  Xapai, 'on  the
ground,' and patpavos, 'the radish.'  So Paulus
of JEgina  calls the upper part of the root of the
Apium.
  CHAM.<E'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA, Saw Pal-
metto.  A  farina is  prepared from the roots  of
this plant, which is used by the Indians, in Flo-
rida, as diet.
  CHAMBAR, Magnesia.
  CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chambre.  A term
used  in  speaking  of the eye, in which  there
are two chambers,  Came'ra  oc'uli: — an ante-
rior and a posterior ; (F.) Chambre  anterieure et
posterieure.  The anterior is the  space between
the cornea and the anterior part of the iris :—the
posterior, the space between the iris and anterior
surface of the crystalline.  They are  filled with
the aqueous humour, and  communicate by the
opening in the pupil.
  CHAAI'BERLAIN'S  RESTOR'ATIVE
PILLS.   This  nostrum, recommended in scro-
fula,  and  all impurities of the blood, has been
analyzed  by Dr. Paris, and found to  consist  of
cinnabar,  sulphur, sulphate  of lime, and a little
vegetable  matter.  Each pill weighs 3 grains.
  CHAMBRE, Chamber.
  CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa.
  CIIAMELEA, Daphne Alpina.
  CHAAIOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla
— c. Dyers', Anthemis  tinctoria — c. German,
Matricaria chamomilla — c  Spanish,  Anthemis
pyrethrum — c Stinking, Anthemis cotula—c. •
AVild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata.
  CHAAIOMILLA FCETIDA, Anthemis cotula
— c. Nostras,  Matricaria chamomilla—c. Ro-
mana, Anthemis nobilis — c. Spuria,  Anthemis
ootula.
  CHAMPACA, Michelia champaca.
  CHAMPIGNON;  Fungus — c. de VAppareil
des Fractures, Clavaria—c. de Couche, see Agaric
— c. de Malte, Cynomorion coccineum.
  CHANCELAGUA, Canchalagua.
  CHANCRE,  (F.)  Ulcus cancro'eum, Ulcue'cu-
lum cancro'aum.  A  sore, which  arises from  the
direct application of the venereal virus; hence it
is almost  always seated, in  men, on  the penis.
The French use the word  Chancre, in popular
language,  for  cancerous ulcers,  the  malignant
aphtha* of children, Ac.  Formerly,  the terms
       13
5                 CHARM

 Car'oli and Ca'riea pudendo'rum were used for
 venereal pustules or sores on the parts of gene-
 ration.                ,
   CHANCRE LARVE.  A concealed chancre,
 such as has been supposed  by Al. Ricord to give
 occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta.
   CHANCREUX,  Choncreuse, (F.) Canero'sua,
 Carcino'dea.  Having the nature of chancre, or
 of cancer.
   Bouton Chancreux.  A small tumour of a can-
 cerous nature,  which makes its appearance  on
 the face—most frequently on the upper lip—Noli
 me tangere.           v
   CHANT DES ARTERES Sifflement module.
   CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa—c. Indien,
 Bangue.
   CHAOMANTI'A.  The alchymists meant,  by
 this word,  the art of predicting the future from
 observation of the air.  The word Chaoa was
 used by Paracelsus for the air; (pavreia,  'divi-
 nation.')
   CHAOSDA, Plague.
   CHAPERONDEMOIXE, Aconitum napellus.
   CHAPITEAU, Alembic.
   CHAPPEDONADE,  Chappetonade.
   CHAPPETONADE,  Chappedonade, (F.),
 Vom'itua robio'aua.  Aromiting  accompanied  by
 furious  delirium,   attacking strangers in  hot
 countries.
   CHAR'ACTER, Xapaxrnp, 'A mark or impres-
 sion.'  (F.) Caraetbe.  In Pathology it is used
 synonymously  with stamp or appearance.  AVe
 say, "A disease is of an unfavourable character,"
 " The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac-
 ter," Ac.   In Mental Philoaophy it means — that
 which distinguishes one individual  from another,
 as regards  his understanding and passions.  See
 Symbol.
   CHARA'DRIUS.  .Elian  thus  calls a  bird,
 which was reputed to cure jaundice.  The word
 now means the plOver.
   CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium.
   CHARBON, Anthrax carbo.
   CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid.
   CHARCOAL, Carbo — c. Animal, Carbo ani-
 malis.
   CHARBON AUX ANES, Onopordium acan-
 thium—c. Benit, Centaurea benedicta—e. d Bon-
 nctier, Dipsacus fullonum — c. Etoile, Centaurea
 calcitrapa — c. d Foulon, Dipsacus  fullonum—c.
 Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense—c. Marie, Car-
 duus Marianus—c. Roland, Eryngium campestre.
   CHAR'LATAN,  from  Ital. ciarlare,  ' to talk
 much;' Circula' tor ,Circumfora' neus,Periodeu' tes,
 Pseudomed'icus, Agyr'ta, Anacyc'leon, A Quack,
 an Empirical  Pretender, an Emp'iric.   Origi-
 nally, one  who went from  place to place to sell
 a medicine, to  which he attributed marvellous
 properties.  By extension—any individual, who
 endeavours to deceive the public by passing him-
 self off as  more skilful than he really is. Ac-
 cording to  Menage, the word comes  from  circu-
 latanus, a corruption of circulator.
   CHAR'LATANRY, Agyr'tia, Banau'sia, the
 conduct or action of a charlatan.   (F.) Charla-
 tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Empiricism.
   CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
   CHARAI.  Lat,  Carmen, 'a  verse,'  because
 charms often  consisted of verses, whence  comes
 the Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Charme, with the same
 signification. Canta'tio, Incantamen'tnm. A trick,
 a spell, an enchantment. A sort of magic, or super-
 stitious practice, consisting of words, characters,
 Ac, by  which it was believed, that individuals
 might be struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  bo
 restored to health.
   The following are specimens of  old charms—
 verse charms: 
CHARNIERE
194
CnEESE
        For stanching Blood, (Pepys.)
        Sanguis mane in te
        Sicut Cliristus fait in se ; _
        Sanguis inane in tua vena
        Sicut Cliristus in sua poena;
        Sanguis mane fixus,
        Sicut Cliristus quando fuit crucifixus.

            For Cramp, (Pepys.)
            Cramp be thou faintless,
            As our lady was sinless,
            When she bare Jesus.

     For the Foot when asleep, (Coleridge.)
   Foot! foot! foot!  is fast asleep!
   Thumb! thumb! thumb! in spittle we steep;
   Crosses three we make to ease us.
   Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus.

  The  same charm  served for cramp in the leg,
with this substitution:
     The devil is tying a knot in my leg!
     Mark, Luke, and John, unloose  it, I beg!—
     Crosses three, Sec.
            For  a Burn, (Pepys.)
  There came three angels out of the East;
  The one brought fire, the other brought frost.
  Oat fire; in frost.
  In  the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost.
                                     Amen.
  CHARNIERE, Ginglymus.
  CHARNU, Carneous.
  CHARPIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see  Linteum
—c.  Rapee, see Linteum.
  CHARTA ANTIARTHRITICA, Gout paper
—c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper—c Vesicatoria,
see   Sparadrapum Vesicatorium — c. Virginea,
Amnios.
  CHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica.
  CHAS,  (F.) Acus fora'men.   The eye of a
needle.   Sometimes, this opening  is near  the
point of the instrument, as in the ligature  needle.
  CHASCHISCH, see Bangue.
  CHASME, Yawning.
  CHASPE, Variola.
  CHASSE (F.),  Manu'brium. Aland of handle
composed of two movable laminae  of horn, shell,
or ivory, united  only at the extremity, which
holds the blade of the  instrument,—as in  the
common bleeding lancet
  CHASSIE (F.), Lema, Lippa,  Glama, Gleme,
Gra'mia, Lemos'itas ; the gum of the eye.   A se-
baceous humour, secreted mainly by the follicles
of Meibomius, which sometimes glues the  eyelids
together.
  CHASSIEUX (F.)  Lippus;  covered with
Chassie—as Paupiires chassieuses.
  CHASTE TREE, Vitex.
  CHATAIGNE, see Fagus castanea-—c. d'Eau,
Trapa natans.
  CHATAIGNIER COMMUN, Fagus castanea
— c. Nain, Fagus castanea pumila.
  CHATEAU-LANDON,  AVATERS  OF.   A
town three leagues from Nemours, in France.
The waters contain alum and iron.
  CHATEAU-SALINS, AVATERS OF;  a town
in the department of La-Meurthe, France.  The
waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of
lime and magnesia,  and chlorides of magnesium
and sodium.
  CHATELDON,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
Chateldon is in the department of Puy-de-Dome,
France. The waters contain carbonic acid andiron.
  CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
A village in France, in the department Puy-de-
D6me, near which there are  five  thermal acidu-
lous springs.  Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit.
   CHATON  (F.),  'a husk.'  In pathology, it
means & funda or cavity formed by the irregular
or hour-glass  contraction of the uterus, in which
the placenta is often retained or enchatonne after
the birth of the child.  It is detected by passing
the fingers along the cord as far as the part which
is contracted, when the placenta will not be dis-
coverable.
  The treatment consists in relaxing by a large
dose of  an opiate, then passing the fingers along
the cord, and  gradually  dilating the  opening
through which it passes, until it permits the hand
to go through.   The  placenta  must then be
grasped and gently withdrawn.
  CHATON, Vaginal process.
  CHATONNE, CALCUL, (F.) Calculus incar-
cera'tus, Eueys'ted Calculus, Calcul enkyste.  A
urinary calculus, adherent to  the inner  surface
of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can-
not pass to the different parts  of  that organ.
This happens when calculi form in some natural
or accidental cavity of the bladder;  or when the
organ, by ulceration,  gives rise to fungi, which
surround the calculus; or when it is lodged in
the orifice of the ureter or urethra.
  CHATONNE, PLACENTA, (F.)   The pla-
centa when retained as  above described.   See
Chaton.
  CHATONNEMENT, (F.) Incarcera'tio, Cha-
tonnement du placenta, Enkystement.—Hour-glass
contraction of the uterus.   See Chaton.
  OHATOUILLEMENT, (F.) This word some-
times means the action of tickling or titillation
(Titilla'tio,) and, at  others, the sensation which
gives rise to the action (Pruri'tua,) Itching.
  CHATRE, Castratus.
  CHATRURE, Castration.
   CHAUBEAU, Caudle.
  CH AUDEBOURG, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
C. is three quarters of a league from Thionville,
in France.  The waters  contain iron, sulphate
of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of
lime.
  CHA UBEPISSE, Gonorrhoea impura—c. Cor-
die,  Gonorrhoea  cordata—c. Tombee dana lei
Bouraee, Hernia humoralis.
  CHAUDES-AIGUES,  MINERAL  AVATERS
OF.   A small town in the department of Cantal,
France, where there is a number of saline springs
containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and
chloride of sodium.  Temp. 190° Fahrenheit.
   CHAUBIERE, see Alembic.
   CHAUFFOIR  (F.), Linteum  Calefacto'rium.
According to the Acadimie, a warmed cloth, used
either for the purpose of warming a patient, or
to apply to A female recently delivered.
   CHAUSSE, (F.) Chaussed'Hippocratc, Manche
d'Hippocrate, Man'ica  Hippoc'ratis,  Man'ica,
Hippocrates' Sleeve.  A conical  bag, made of
flannel, for straining liquids.
   CHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   CHAUVETE, Calvities.
   CHAUX, Calx—c. Bichlorure de, Calcis chlo-
ridum—c. Chlorure de, Calcis  chloridum—c. Hy-
drochlorate  de,  Calcis murias — c. Hydroaulfate
de, Calcis  sulphuretum — c. Muriate  de, Calcis
murias — c. Muriate  oxigene de, Calcis chloridum
— c. Muriate  auroxigene de, Calcis chloridum —
c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum—-c. Oximu-
riate de, Calcis chloridum — c. Vive, Calx viva.
   CHECKER-BERRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
   CHEEK, Gena.
   CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seue, Tyroa, Peete,
 (F.) Fromage.  An  aliment, prepared from the
 caseous and  oleaginous  parts of milk.  Fresh
 cheeses owe their chief medical properties to the
 immediate principle,  essentially cheesy, to which
 the  name ca'aeum or ca'aein has been  applied.
 Those, which have been  recently salted, are di-
 gested with comparative facility.  The flavour 
                   CHEESE

 of cheese is  owing to an ammoniacal caseate.
 On the whole, cheese itself is not easy of diges-
 tion, although it may stimulate the stomach  to
 greater  exertion, and  thus aid in the digestion
 of other substances.
   CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum.
   CHEE'SY, Casea'riua, Caaeo'aua, Tyro'dea, (F.)
 Caseux ou Casfeux. Having the nature of cheese.
   CHEF, Bandage (tail.)
   CHEGOE, Chiquc.
   CHEGRE, Chique.
   CHEILI'TIS, Chilltis, from  ;ynXoff,  'a lip.'
 Inflammation of the lip.  See Chilon.
   CHEILOC'ACE, from xaXoy, 'a lip,' and xaxos,
 ' evil.'  Labrisul'ciuin.  A disease, characterized,
 it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red-
 ness of  the lips without inflammation; reputed,
 but without  any  authority,  to be  common  in
 England and Scotland, amongst children.  Also,
 the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil-
 dren.  See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus.
   CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from  xnX°s> ' a lip,'
 and xapxtvwpa, 'a cancer.'  Cancer of the lip.
   CHEILOMALACIA, Cancer  aquaticus, Sto-
 macace.
   CHEILON, Chilon.
   CIIEILON'CUS, Cheilophy'ma, from  XciXos,
 'lip,' and oyxos, 'swelling.' A swelling of the lip.
   CHEILOl'HYMA,  Cheiloncus.
   ClIEILOPLAS'TICE, Chiloplae'tice, from Xei-
 \os, ' lip,' and  irAao-n*;;, 'forming.'  The  opera-
 tion for an artificial lip.
   CHEILOS, Lip.
   CHE IMA,  Cold.
   CHE1METLON, Chilblain.
   CIIEIA1IA, Rigor.
,  CHEIR, Manus.
   CHEIRAN'THUS  CHEIRI, from Xeip, <the
 hand,' and avQos, ' flower.'  The systematic name
 of the Common Yellow  Wall Flower, Vi'ola lu'tea,
 Leuco'iunt lu'teum, Keyri, Cheiri, (F.) Gerofi.ee ou
 Violier  jaune.  The flowers  have been esteemed
 nervine, narcotic, and deobstruent
   CHEIRAP'SIA.  The action  of rubbing  or
 scratching, from Xeip,   ' the hand,' and airrw,  ' I
 touch.'  A troublesome symptom in the itch.
   CIIEIRIATER, Surgeon.
   CHEIRIS'MA, Cheiris'mus. The act of touch-
 ing :—handling.  Any manual operation.
   CHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
   CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  ^cioo-
 vopew, ' I exercise with the hands.' An exercise,
 referred to by Hippocrates, which consisted in using
 the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb-bells.
   CIIEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus.
   CHEIROSIS, Subactio.
   CHELA, Chele.  This word has several signi-
 fications. Chela, a forked probe used for extract-
 ing polypi from the  nose.   Chela — chaps,  or
 cracks  on  the feet,  organs of generation, Ac
 Chela likewise means claws, especially those  of
 tho crab.  See Cancrorum Cheho.
   Chel v. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
   CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   CHELE, Chela.
   CIIELIBOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma-
 jus—c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria.
   CUELIDON, XeXilwv, the hollow at the bend
 of the arm; Hirundo.
   CIIELIDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR,
 Ranunculus ficaria,
   CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba—c. Hasmato-
 des, Ch. majus.
   Chelido'niim Majus, Ch. hamato'des, from
 XeXilwv,  ' a swallow,'  because its flowering coin-
 cides with the appearance of the swallow.  Pa-
 pa'ver Cornicula'tum, P. lu'teum, Common Cel-
 andine,   Tettcrwort,  ( F. )  Chelidoine  grande,
 L'Eclaire.   Family,  Papaveraccas.   Sex. Syst.
5               CHEMOSIS

 Polyandria  Monogynia.  The root and  recent
 plant have been considered aperient and diuretic.
 Externally, the juice has been employed in some
 cutaneous diseases.
  Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria.
  CHELIDO'NIUS  LAPIS. A name given  to
 stones, which, it was pretended, existed  in the
 stomach of young swallows.  They were formerly
 believed capable of curing epilepsy.
  CHELOID, Cancroid.
  CHELO'NE, ;v;eAw»<)7, 'a tortoise.'  An  instru-
 ment for extending a limb; so called, because  in
 its slow motions, it resembled a tortoise.—Oriba-
 sius.  See Testudo.
  Chelo'ne Glabra, Common Snake head, Tur-
 tle head,  Turtle bloom, Shellflower, Balmony. An
 indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Didynamia  angio-
 spermia; blossoming from  July to  November.
 The leaves are bitter and tonic; without any aro-
 matic smell, and with very little astringeney.
  CHELO'NIA MYDAS, The  Green  Turtle.
 This  species of turtle abounds  on the coast  of
 Florida.   It is the one so prized by the epicure.
  CHELO'NION,  Chelo'nium, from  XeXwvn,  'a
 tortoise,' from its resembling in shape the shell
 of that animal.  The u_pper, gibbous  part of the
 back.—Gorraeus.  The scapula.
  CHELONOPH'AGI, from XeXwvn,  'the  tor-
 toise,' and tpayw, ' I  eat'  An ancient name for
 certain tribes, who dwelt on the coasts of the Red
 Sea, and who lived  only  on tortoises. — Pliny,
 Diodorus of Sicily.
  CHEL'SEA PEN'SIONER. An empirical re-
 medy for rheumatism and gout, sold  under this
 name. (Gum guaiac,  5Jj; powdered rhubarb, 2[ij;
 cream of tartar, ^j ;  flowers of sulphur, 5jj ; one
 nutmeg, finely powdered: made into an electuary
 with  a pound of clarified  honey.)  Dose, two
 spoonfuls.
  CHEL'TENHAM, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
 C. is a town in  Gloucestershire, Eng)and, nine
 miles from  Gloucester,  aud 94 AV. of London.
 Its  water is  one of the most celebrated natural
 purgatives in England.  It is a saline, acidulous
 chalybeate,  and  is much frequented.  Its main
 constituents  are  chloride  of sodium, sulphate of
 soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and
 carbonate of iron.
  Cheltenham Salts.   These  are  sometimes
 made from  the  waters; at  others,  factitiously.
 The following is a formula: Sodii chlorid., mag-
 nes. sulphat., soda\mtlpih., aa, Ibj : dissolve, filter,
 evaporate to dryness; then add Ferri sulph., ^ss.
  Cheltenham AVater,  Artificial,  may be
 made of Epsom salt, gr. xij : iron filings, gr. j;
 Glauber's salt, §iv;  water,  4 gallons; impreg-
 nated with the gas from marble powder and sul-
 phuric acid, aa ^ij.
  CIIELYS, Thorax.
  CHELYS'CION, from  X^S,  'the chest'   A
 short, drycough.—Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius.
  C11EA1E,  Chama, Che'ramis. An ancient mea-
 sure, equivalent to about two teaspoonfuls.
  CHEMEUTICE, Chymistry.
  CHE AHA. Chymistry.
  CHEAIIATER, Chymiater.
  CHEAIIATRIA, Chymiatria.
  CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-hin-
 tology.
  CHEAIICUS, Chymieal, Chymist.
  CHEAIIST, Chvmist.
  CHEMISTRY/Chymistry.
  CHEMO'SIS, from Xil"i, 'an aperture,' or ftv«i
 Xvpos, ' a humour.'  A name given to ophthalmia,
 when the conjunctiva, surrounding the cornea,
 forms a high ring, making the cornea seem, as it
 were, at  the bottom  of a well.   By some, it  is
 used synonymously with ophthalmia membrana-
 rum  See Ophthalmia.
li 
CHEMOTICE               196            CHICKEN-AVATER
  CHEMOTICE, Chymistry.
  CHEMOTICUS, Chymical.
  CHENAY, J1INERAL AVATERS  OF.  Che-
nay is a town in France, two leagues fromRheims.
The waters are chalybeate.
  CHENE, Quercus alba—c. Marin, Fucus vesi-
culosa—c. Petit, Teucrium chamasdrys—c. Vert,
Ilex aquifolium.
  CHENEVIS, see Cannabis sativa.
  CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina.
  CHENOC'OPRUS,  from Xnv,  'a goose,' and
Kotrpos, ' dung.'  The dung of the goose is so de-
signated in some old  Pharmacopoeias.  It was
formerly employed as  a febrifuge and diuretic.
  CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIACUM,  Ch. am-
brosio'ides.
  Chenopo'dium Ambrosioi'des, Ch. suffructico'-
sum, from Xnv, 'a goose,' and ttovs, 'a foot;' Bo-
trys Mexica'na, At'riplex  Jlexica'na,  Chenopo'-
dium  ambrosiacum seu Mexico'nnm, Botrya, Am-
brosioV dea Mexico'na, Botrya America'na, Arte-
mis'ia Botrya, Mexico Tea,  Spanish  Tea,  (F.)
Anserine,  The du Mcxique, Ambroaie du Mexique.
The infusion was once drunk as tea.  It has been
given in paralytic cases;  and in the United States
is said to be used as an  anthelmintic indiscrimi-
nately with Ch. anthelminticum.
  Chenopo'dium  Anthelmin'ticum,  Chenopo'-
dium, Botrya anthelmin'tico,  Wormaeed,  Worm-
goosefoot, Wormseed goosefoot, Jerusalem Oak of
America, Goosefoot, Stinkweed, (F.) Anserine an-
thelinintique, A. vermifuge.   This plant grows
plentifully in  the United States.  The fruit—
Chenopodium, (Ph.U.S.)—is much used in cases
of worms.  Dose of the powder, from a teaspoon-
ful  to a tablespoonful or more.  The oil,  O'leum
Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.), from 8 to 10 drops, is
more  frequently exhibited.  It is  as  much used
in America as the Semen  Santon'ici is in England.
  Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'cus, Chrysolach'-
anum, Mcrcuria'lis, Bonus Henri'cus, Tota bona,
Lap'athum unctuo'sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit-
ta'tum, Pes anserlnua, English Mercury, Allgood,
Angular-leaved gooaefoot,  (F. )  Anaerine  Bon
Henri, Epinard eauvage.  The leaves are emol-
lient,  and  have been  applied to ulcers, Ac.  It
has also been considered refrigerant and ecco-
protic.
  Chenopo'dium Botrys, Botrys, Botrya vulga'-
ria, Ambro'aio,  Artemia'ia Chenopo'dium, At'ri-
plex odora'ta, At'riplex  suav'eolens; the Jerusa-
lem Oak,  (Eng.) (F.)  Anserine Botrya, possesses
anthelmintic properties, and  was once given  in
diseases of the chest,  palsy, Ac.  It is useless.
  Chenopodium Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva-
ria—c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria.
  Chenopodium Quinoa, Quinua.  A nutritious,
wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the
Peruvians.  The leaves, before the plant  attains
maturity, are eaten as  spinach: but the seeds are
most  generally used as  food, boiled  in  milk  or
broth, and  sometimes cooked with cheese and
Spanish pepper.
  Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch. Bonus Henri-
cus—c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosio'ides.
  Chenopodium Vulva'ria, At'riplex fce'tida,
At'riplex olida, Vulva'ria, Garoa'mum, Rophex,
Chenopo'dium Fte'tidum seu olidum,  Stinking
Orach or Gooaefoot, (F.) Vulvoire, Arroche pu-
ant, Anserine fetide.  The fetid smell has occa-
sioned it to be used  as an antispasmodic and
nervine.
  CHEOPINA, Cheopine.
  CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria.
  CHERAAIIS, Cheme.
  CHERBACHEA1, Veratrum album.
  CHERBAS, Lettuce.
  CnERMES, Kermes.
  CHERNIBIUM, Urinal.
  CHERRAf, BIRD,  Prunus  padus—c.  Tree,
red,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Tree,  black,  Prunus
avium — c Tree, wild, Prunus A'irginiana — c.
Water, Kirschwasser — c.  Wild cluster,  Prunus
padus—c. AVinter, Physalis.
  CHERSiE, Faeces.
  CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium—c Wild, Chso-
rophyllum sylvestre.
  CHESIS, from Xcl,tiv, 'to go to stool.'  A more
frequent desire to evacuate the  bowels.
  CHEST, Thorax.
  CHEST-EXPLORATOR,  soe Explorator,
chest.
  CHESTNUT TREE, Fagus  castanea.
  CHEVAUCHEMENT,  (F.) Oe'aium anperpo-
ail'io vel equita'tio, Purallax'ia, Parallag'ma.
The riding of one bone over another after frac-
ture; giving rise to shortening of the limb.  See
Riding of Bones.
  CHEVELURE, Scalp.
  CHEVESTRE,   Chevetre,  Capia'trum,  from
caput,  ' the  head.'  A  bandage, applied round
the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the
lower jaw.  According to the mode in which it is
made, it is called simple, double, oblique, Ac.
  CHEVEU, Capillus.
  CHEV1LLE BU PIEB, Malleolus.
  CHEVRE-FEUILLE, Lonicera  pericly-
menum.
  CHEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora.
  CHEZANAN'CE, from  XeC,w,  'I  go  to stool,'
and avayxn, 'necessity.'  An ointment composed
of honey and alum, and rubbed on the  anus to
occasion evacuation.—Paulus of iEgina.
  CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island where.
it was found.  A kind of white earth, formerly
used for burns.—Galen.
  CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium con-
sisting of several drugs and Chian wine.—Paulus
of iEgina.
  CHIADUS, Furunculus.
  CHIAS'AIUS, Chiaa'ma, Chiasm, from Yia£w,
to form like  the letter X.   The crucial union of
parts, — as the optic commissure or chiasm of the
optic nerves,—Chias'mua seu Chiaa'ma nervo'rum
optica' rum.
  CHIASTER, Kiaster.
  CHIAS'TOS.  Same etymon.  A bandage so
called because it resembles  the letter x. — Ori-
basius.
  CHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
  CHICHA.  A drink made in Peru with Indian
meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water.
Its taste is that of  bad  cider.   It  is also  made
from rice, peas, barley, Ac.
  CHICKEN-BREASTED,  see Lordosis.
  CHICKEN-BROTH.   When chicken-tea  is
boiled down one-half, with  the addition of a little
parsley or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ-
ously beaten  up in  two  ounces of  soft water, it
forms a soup much relished by the convalescent
  CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus.
  CHICKENPOX, Varicella.
  CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-water.  This maybe
prepared as follows : Take a small chicken, freed
from the skin and fat between the muscles; and,
having  divided  it  longitudinally,  remove the
lungs,  liver,  and every thing adhering  to the
back and side-bones : cut the whole—bones and
muscles — into very thin slices;'put into a pan
with a sufficient quantity of boiling water;  cover
the pan;  and simmer with  a  slow  fire  for two
hours.   Put the pan upon the stove for half an
hour, and strain through a sieve.
  Used where the lightest animal diet is indicated.
  CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea. 
CHICKAVEED
197
CHIRONIA
   CHICKWEED, Alsine media.
   CHICOREE DES JARDIXS, Cichorium en-
 divta—c. Sanvage,  Cichorium intybus.
   CH I EN DENT, Triticum repens.
   CIIIGGO, Chique.
   CHIGGRE, Chique.
   CHIGOE, Chique.
   CHIL'BLAIN, Per'nio, Bugan'tia, Erythe'ma
 Per mo, Erythe'ma d Frlgore, Cheimellon, Chi-
 met lum, Chimon, Malte, from  chill, ' cold,'  and
 blatn, 'a pustule.'   (F.) Engclure.   An  erythe-
 matous inflammation of the feet, — hands,  Ac,
 occasioned by cold.  It is very common in youth
 —not so  in the adult or in advanced age.  It  is
 apt  to  degenerate into  painful, indolent ulcera-
 tions, called Kibea.   Chilblains are prevented by
 accustoming the parts  to  exposure; and  are
 treated by stimulant, terebinthinate'and balsamic
 washes, ointments, and  liniments.
   CHILD-BEARING, Parturition.
   CHILD-BED, Parturient
   CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever.
   CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition.
   CH ILD-CROAVING,  Asthma thymicum.
   CHILDHOOD, Infancy.
   CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide.
   CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculata.
   CIIILI, see Lima.
   CHILI, A1INERAL AVATERS OF. The most
 celebrated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame-
 rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. The
 former  are not far from St. Jago.  They consist
 of two springs,  one thermal, the other cold. The
 hot  spring is clear,  inodorous, and contains soda
 and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains iron
 and sulphate of soda.  Cauquenes  is much  re-
 sorted to by invalids during the summer.  Mine-
 ral waters are very common in  Chili.
   CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme.
   CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium.
   CHILITES,  Cheilitis.
   CHILL, Rigor.
 _ CHI'LON, Chei'lon, Cheilitis, from XeiXos, 'a
 lip.'  Inflammation of the  lips. — Vogel.  One
 who has a thick lip ; Lobeo, Lobes.
   CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice.
   CHIMAPHILA,  Pyrola umbellate.
   CHIMETLUA1, Chilblain.
   CIIIMIA, Chymistry.
   CHI AH ATER, Chymiater.
   CHIAIIATRIA, Chymiatria.
   CHIMIE, Chymistry.
   CHI MI STE, Chymist
   CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold.
   CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax china — c. Ameri-
 can or AVest India, Smilax pseudo-china—c. Oc-
 cidentalis,  Smilax pseudo-china — c Orientalis,
 Smilax china — c Ponderosa, Smilax china — c.
 Root, Smilax china — e. Spuria nodosa,  Smilax
 pseudo-china—c ATera, Smilax china.
   CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea  pumila — c.
 Water, Nelumbium luteum.
   CHINC11E, Cimex.
   CHINCH IN A. Cinchona.
   CHINCHUNCHULLI, Ionidium marcucci.
   CHINCOUGH, Pertussis.
   CHINESE, MEDICINE OF  THE, Medicina
 Sin'ica.  Medicine has been long, but most im-
perfectly, practised by the Chinese.  From their
therapeutics we have obtained the old operations
of acupuncture and moxibustion.
   CHINGS AVORAI  LOZENGES, see  AVorm
Lozenses,  Ching's.
   CHININUAI, Quinine.  See Chininm.
   C IIIN 10' I DIN E, Chino'idine, Chinoidlna,
 Quino'idine; from China, 'Cinchona.'  A substance
presumed  to be  an  alkaloid by Sertiirner, who
separated  it from cinchona.  It has been sup-
 posed to be a mixture of quinia, cinehonia, and a
 peculiar resinous matter, but according to Liebig
 it is simply the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous
 state.
   CHLNIUAI  ACETICUAI, Quinias acetas —c.
 Arsenicosum, Quinias arsenias—c Citrieum, Qui-
 nias citras—c Ferrocyanogenatum, Quinias Fer-
 rocyanas — c.  Hydrochloricum,  Quinias, murias
 — c. Hydroiodicum, Quinias hydriodas — c. Lac-
 ticum, Quinias  lactas — c  Muriaticum,  Quinias
 murias — c.  Nitricum, Quinias  nitras — c. Phos-
 phoricum, Quinias  phosphas — c. Salitum, Qui-
 nias  murias — c. Sulphuricum,  Quinias sulphas
 — c. Tannicum, Quinias  et  Cinchonias  faunas —
 c ATalerianieum, Quinias valerianas.
   CHINNEYAVEED, Lichen roccella.
   CHINOLEINUM,  Leukoleinum.
   CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila.
   CHINWHELK,  Sycosis.
   CHIOCOCCE RADIX, Caincas radix.
   CHIOLI, Furunculus.
   CHION, Snow.
   CHIQUE,  (F.) Puce penetrante, Pulex Pen-
 etrans, Tick,  Chiggre, Chig'oe,  Chiggo, Chegre,
 Cheg'oe, Jigger.  A small insect in America and
 the Antilles, which gets under the epidermis, and
 excites great irritation.
   CHIR, Manus.
   CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta,
   CHI'RAGRA, from Xeip,  'hand,' and aypa, 'a
 seizure.'  Gout in the hand.
   CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsenal.
   CHIRAPSIA, Friction.
  _ CHIRARTHRI'TIS, from Xeip, 'hand,' apOpov,
 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
 mation of the joints of the hand.
   CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayta,
   CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta.
   CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta.
   CIIIRHEUMA, Chirrheuma.
   CHIRIATER, Surgeon.
   CHIRIATRIA, Surgery.
   CHIRIAIO\TA, Anona tripetala,
   CHIRISIS, Surgery.
   CHIRISMUS, Surgery.
   CHIRIXIS, Surgerv.
   CHIROCYRTO'SIS,  from Xcip,  'the h%nd,'
 and xvprwais, ' crookedness.'   Crookedness of the
 hand.
   CHI'ROMANCA",  Chiromanti'a,  Vaticin'ium
 chiromailticum, Palm'istry, from Xeip, 'the hand '
 and pavrcia, ' divination.'  (F.) Chiromancie. Art
 of divining by inspection of the hand.
   CHIRONAX, Surgeon.
  CHIRO'NIA, (from Chiron, Xeipov, the Cen-
 taur, who is said to  have  discovered its use.)   A
 genus of plants.   Fam. Gentianeas.
  CHIRO'NIA Angula'ris, Amer'ican Cen'taury
 Rosepink, Wild Siic'cory,  Bitterbloom,  Centry,
 Sabba'tia, S.  Angula'ris.   Every part  of this
 plant is a pure and strong bitter,  which property
 is communicated alike to alcohol and water.   It
 is used as a tonic and stomachic.
  Chiro'nia  Centau'rium,  Centau'rium  minus
 seu vulga're, Centau'rium parvum,  Gentia'no cen-
 tau'rium seu  Gerar'di, Centau'rium minus, Eni-
 thra'a Centau'rium,  Hippocenfaurea centau'rium
 Centau'reum, Centailris,  Smaller  Cent'aury Lea'
 scr Centaury, (F.) Centauree petite.   The to'ps of
 the lesser Centaury, Ccntau'rii Cacu'mina, are
 aromatic and tonic, and are sometimes employed
 as such.
  Chiro'nia Chilen'sis, Gentia'na Cachen-
 lahuen, Cachen-laguen, Chachinlagua, Chancela-
gua, Erythra'a  Chilensis,  Gentia'na Perun'a'na.
 A very bitter plant,  indigenous iu Chili.   It pos-
 sesses the_virtues of the Chironea.  Given in in-
fusion— (5J, to water Oj.) 
.98                CHLOROSIS
                CHIRONIUAI               1

  CHIRONI'UAI, from Xtipov, 'bad, malignant'
An  ulcer difficult of cure : — of a swollen, hard,
and  callous nature. — Galen.   Some have sup-
posed the word to  come  from Chiron, the Cen-
taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers.
  CHIRONOMIA, Cheironomia.
  CHIROPODIST,  (F.)  Pedicure.   One who
treats diseases  of the hands and feet,  or  rather
whose profession it is to remove corns  and bun-
yons ;  from Xeip, ' the hand,' and ttovs, 'the foot'
  CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma.
  CHIROSIS, Subactio.
  CIIIROSTROPHO'SIS, from ^cio, 'the hand,'
and crpttpetv, 'to turn.'   Distortion of the hand.
  CHIROTHE'CA, from  X^p, 'the hand/  and
Bnxn, 'a sheath.'  A bandage for the hand.  A kind
of bandage in which  the  fingers and  hand are
enveloped in spiral turns.  AVhen the whole hand
and fingers are covered, it is called the double or
complete  Chirotheca,  Ch.  comple'ta,  Vinctu'ra
omnibus  dig"itis; and when  only a finger  is
covered,  the half or incomplete, Ch. incomple'ta,
 Vinctu'ra pro uno diy"ito.   See Gantelet.
  CHIROTRI'BIA, from X"P> 'the hand,'  and
rpipw,  ' I rub.' Friction with the hand.  Accord-
ing to others, dexterity in an art.—Hippocrates,
Galen.
  CHIRRHEU'MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'-
mus mantis, from xci?> 'the hand,' and pevpa, 'flux.'
Rheumatism of the hand.
  CHIRURGEON, Surgeon.
  CHIRURGt PHYSICI, see Surgeon.
  CHIRURGIA, Surgery—c. Anaplastica, Mo-
rioplastice—c. Curtorum, Morioplastice—c. Infu-
soria,  Infusion of medicines — c  Transfusoria,
Transfusion.
  CHIRURGICUS, Surgical.
  CHIRURGIE, Surgery—c. Militaire, Surgery,
military.
  CHIRURGIEN, Surgeon—c. Consultant, Con-
sulting Surgeon—c. Hernieux,  see Hernial.
  CHIR UR GIQ UE, Surgical.
  CHIRURGUS, Surgeon.
  CHIST.  An Arabic word which  signifies the
sixth part.  The sixth part of the Congius or
gallon.
  CHITON, Tunic
  CHITONISCUS, Indusium.
  CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum.
  CHIUM  VINUM.   From Chios, the  island
where  it was produced ; Chian wine ; used by the
physicians  of antiquity in cases of defluxions and
ophthalraiae.—Scribonius Largus.
  CHLI'AROS, xXtapos, 'tepid.' A name given
to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great.—
Galen.
  CHLIAS'MA, ^Aiao/aa, same etymon. A tepid
and moist fomentation.—Hippocrates.
  CHLOAS'MA,  Pityriasis versie'olor,  Mac'-
ula  hepat'ica,  Pannus  hepat'icus,  Hepat'izon,
Phaze, Pha'cea,  Phacus, (F.) Taches hepatiques,
Chaleura du  foie,  Ephelide acorbutique, Liver-
apot, from  x^00^ 'a greenish-yellow colour.'  A
cutaneous affection, characterized by one or more
broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow or
yellowish-brown  colour,  occurring most  fre-
quently on  the front of the neck, breast, abdo-
men, and groins.   The patches do not  generally
rise  above  the surface.  There is  usually some
degree of itching.
  The causes are not very evident.  Sulphur ex-
ternally— in any and every form — generally re-
moves it speedily.   Should there be  difficulty,
the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi-
gations may succeed.
  CHLORA,  Chlorine.
  CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po-
ta5sa> miirias hyperoxygenatus.
  CHLORA SAIA, Chlorosis.
  CHLORE, Chlorine—c. Liquide, see Chlorine.
  CHLORETUAI CALCARLE, Calcis chloridum.
  CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis.
  CHLORIC ETHER, CONCENTRATED, see
Ether, chloric — c.  Ether,  Strong, see  Ether,
chloric.
  CHLORINE, from XXwpos, 'green.' Chlo'rinum,
Chlorin'ium, Chlora,  Oxymuriat'ic  Acid  Gaa,
Oxygenated Muriatic Acid Gaa, Dephlogisticated
Marine Acid, Hal'ogene, Mu'rigene, Chlorum, (F.)
Chlore.  So far as we know, this is an  element-
ary substance.   It is a greenish, yellow gas, of
a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste;
incapable of maintaining combustion and respira-
tion, and very soluble in water.  One of its  cha-
racteristics is, that of destroying, almost  imme-
diately, all vegetable and animal colours.  It is
employed in fumigations  as a powerful disinfect-
ing agent.  A very dilute solution, Aqua seu Li-
quor Chlo'rini,  (F.) Chlore liquide,  has been ad-
ministered internally, in certain cases of diarrhoea
and chronic dysentery.  Immersion of the hands
and arms in it has often removed itch and other
cutaneous affections.  It has also been inhaled in
a dilute state in the early stage of phthisis, but it
is of doubtful efficacy, and is  better adapted for
chronic bronchitis.
  Chlorine, Bisulphuret  of,  Sulphur, chlo-
ride of.
  CHLO'ROFORM,  Chloroform'urn, Carbo'neum
chlora'tum,  Super chlo'ridum formyl'icum, Pcr-
chloride and Terchloride of Formyl, called also,
but not correctly, Terchloride of  Carbon,  and
Chloric ether, JEther  chlo'ricus, (F.)  Ohloroforme,
so called  on account of the connexion of chlorine
with  formic  acid, is  a  colourless,  oleaginous
liquid, of a sweetish  ethereal odour, hot, aroma-
tic,  and peculiar  taste.   The specific gravity of
that of the  Ph. U. S. is  1.49.  It may be ob-
tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated
lime and  alcohol,—rectifying the product by re-
distillation, first from  a  great excess of chlori-
nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric
acid.  It has been used with advantage in asthma,
and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent
is required.  Dose, f^ss to fgj, diluted with water.
It has likewise been prescribed with great success
as an  anassthetic  agent in spasmodic diseases;
and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations
and in parturition,—especially in the way of in-
halation ;  but  its use requires  caution.   See
Anaesthetic
  Chloroform, Tincture of, Ether, chloric.
  CHLOROFORAIIZA'TION, Chloroformisa'tio.
The  aggregate  of anaesthetic  phenomena occa-
sioned by the inhalation «.f chloroform.
  CHLOROPHYLLE, Fecula, green.
  CHLORO'SIS,  from ^Aoipof, 'green,' Pal'lidus
Morbus, Fadus Vir'ginum color, Pal'lidus color
virgin'eus,  Pallidus  morbus, Pallor vir'ginum,
Icteril'ia alba,  Ic'terus albus, Leucopathla, Mor-
bus virgin'eus, Morbus Parthen'ius, Fcedi colo'rea,
Dyspep'sia chloro'sis, Febria amato'ria, Cachexia
vir'ginum, Febria vir'ginum, Febris alba, Anepi-
thym'ia chloro'sis, Chloras'ma, Chloros'ma, Chlo-
ri'aaia, Citto'aia,  Green-aickneas,  (F.)  Chlorose,
Pdles-couleura.   A disease which  affects  young
females, more particularly those who have not
menstruated.  It  is characterized by a pale, lurid
complexion, languor, listlessness,  depraved ap-
petite  and  digestion, palpitation, Ac.  The  dis-
ease generally goes off on the occurrence of the
menstrual flux; but  sometimes it is long before
this is established, and, at times, the catamenia
are in much larger quantity than usual.   To this
last form M. Trousseau has given the name chlo-
rose htmorrhagique. 
CHLOROSAIA
199
CHOLERA
  The blood of chlorosis is generally thin, light-
coloured, and deficient in red corpuscles; and the
clot is in less proportion to  the  serum than in
health.   On auscultation, a bellows'  sound has
been  almost invariably detected over the  heart,
and  a continuous blowing sound in the  larger
arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavians,)
re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and
resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the
cooing of doves,  the  whistling of air through a
key-hole, Ac, (see Bruit.)  Very similar sounds
are heard  in  the arteries after  copious hemor-
rhage : they seem, therefore, to coincide with en-
feebled circulation.
  Tonics — as iron—are usually required  in the
treatment, — the  disease most commonly  occur-
ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor
of the system.
  Chlorosis  JEthiopum,   Chthonophagia — c.
Amatoria, Hectic fever — c Gigantea,  see Poly-
sarcia.
  CHLOROSAIA, Chlorosis.
  CHLOROTTC, Chlorot'icus, (F.) Chlorotique.
Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis;
—as  chlorotic female,  chlorotic symptoms, Ac
  C1ILORUM, Chlorine.
   CHLORURE  DE  CARBON, Chloroform —
c. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of.
  CHLORURETUM   OXIDI  CALCII,  Calcis
chloridum.
  CHOA, Chu.
  CIIOA'CUAI EMPLAS'TRUAl NIGRUM.  A
black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed
of equal parts of litharge and resin.  The litharge
was first boiled in oil.
  C1IOAK, Cynanche trachealis — c. Wolf, Ly-
canche.
  CHOANA,  Pelvis — c. Cerebri, Infundibulum
of the brain.
  CHOANE, Infundibulum.
  CIIOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
  CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica.
  CHOCOLATA, Chocolate—c. cum Osmazoma,
see Osmazome.
  CHOCOLATE, Chocola'tum, Chocola'ta, Suc-
cola'ta, Succocolla'ta.  Dr. Alston says, that this
word  is  compounded  from  two East  Indian
words: — choco,  'sound,' and atle, 'water,'  be-
cause of the noise made in its preparation.   An
alimentary paste prepared from  the kernels of
Theobro'ma  cacao or  Cacao,  with  sugar, and
often aromatics.   (See Cacao.)   The chocolate
thus  simply prepared—as it is met with, indeed,
in commerce — is called in France  Chocolat de
sante. It is not very  easy of digestion.
  The chocolat d la vanille contains three ounces
of vanilla and two of cinnamon to twenty pounds
of common chocolate.   The addition of the  aro-
matic renders it somewhat more digestible.  Cho-
colates mav likewise be medicated.
  CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOAIE, see Osmazome.
  CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum Virginianum.
  CHOCUS,  Chu.
  C1PENICIS, Trepan.
  CHCENION, Cord.
  CIIflENOS,  Cord.
  CIICERUS, Scrofula.
  CHOIROS, Vulva.
  CHOKE D A A1P, Carbonic acid.
  CHOLA. Chole.
  CHOL-E'AIIA; from XoXn, 'bile,' and  'aipa,
'blood.'  A morbid state, in which bile exists in
the blood.  Jaundice.
  CHOLAGO, Cholas.
  CHOL'AGOGUE, Cholago'gus, Chole'gos, Fel-
lid'ucus,  Bilit'icus, from XoXn, 'bile,' and ayw, 'I
expel.'  The  ancients  gave this name to cathar-
tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile.
  CHOLANSIS, Cholosis.
  CHOLAS, XoXas, Pmr- X°^a&es-  The epigastric
region.  Chola'go.  The intestines.—Homer.
  CHOLASMA, Cholosis.
  CHOLE, Cholus, Chola, 'bile,' in e'omposition.
Ughc6 •
  CHOLEC'CHYSIS, Cholen'chysia/ ,from XoXn,
'bile,' and eyxvcts, 'effusion.'  Effusion of bile.
  CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder.
  CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA,  from  XoXv, 'bile,'
xvans, 'bladder,' and evpvapa, 'dilatation.' Dila-
tation of the gall-bladder.
  CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Vesica fell'-
ea, I. cyst'idis fell ea, Cystitis fel lea, Hepatitis
cyst'ica, from ^0X17, ' bile,' and xvans, ' bladder.'
(F.) Inflammation de la  Vesieule du Fiel, Chole-
cystite.  Inflammation of the gall-bladder.
  CHOL'EDOCH,  Choled'ochus;  from XoXv,
' bile,'  and loXos,  ' containing  or receiving.'
The Ductus  choledochus  seu hep'ato-cys'ticus,
Ductus  communis choledochus, (F.)  Conduit  ou
 Canal ChoUdoque,  is the duct formed  by tho
union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which pours
the hepatic and cystic bile into the duodenum.
  CHOLEDOCI'TIS,  from choledochus, and itia;
a suffix  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
of the choledoch  duct.
  CHOLEDOG'RAPHY", choledogra'phia,  Cho-
legrapk'ia, Cholograph'ia, from XoXn, ' bile,' and
ypatpeiv, 'to describe.'   A description of what  re-
lates to  the bile and biliary organs.
  CHOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia,  Chole-
log"ia, Chololog"ia, from ^0X1;, ' bile,' and Xoyos,
' a discourse.'   A treatise on the bile and biliary
organs.
  CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue.
  CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledography.
  CIIOLEH.EMLA, Icterus.
  CHOLEIA, Claudication.
  CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis—c. Icte-
rus, Icterus.
  CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis.
  CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary.
  CHOLELOGIA, Choledology.
  CHOLEMES'IA, Cholem'eaia,  from ^0X17,
'bile,' and cpcois,  'vomiting.'   Aromiting of bile.
  CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis.
  CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious.
  CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious.
  CHOLEPYRRHIN, see Bile.
  CHOLER,  Bile.  Anger was  supposed to  be
produced  by a superabundance of bile; hence
the term Choler for anger.
  CHOL'ERA, Choiera-morbus, Cholera nostras,
Cholera  vulga'ris, Sporad'ic  Cholera, Choler-
rha'gia, Pua'eio choler'ica, Fellif'lua passio, Mor-
bus fellif'luus, Hoi'era, Bilis flux'io,  (F.)  Chola-
dree lymphatique, Hydrocholadree, Choiera-mor-
bu8 eporadique, Ch. Europe'en, 1'rousse-galant
from XoXn, 'bile,' and ptu, 'I flow.'  Aeooidinf
to others, from XoXalcs, 'intestines,' or from vo-
Xcpa, ' the gutter of a house to  carry off the rain.'
The higher degrees have been called Centrogan-
glii'tis, and Myeloganglti'tis.   A disease charac-
terized by anxiety, gripings, spasms  in the legs
and arms, and  by vomiting  and purging (gene-
rally bilious:) vomiting and purging  are, indeed,
the essential symptoms.  The disease is most
common in hot climates, — and in temptrate cli-
mates, during  summer.  In India,  Spasmodic
cholera, Asiat'ic cholera, Malig'nant  ch., lu'ditin
ch., Epidem'ic  ch.,  Pestilen'tial ch., Asphyx'ia
pestilen'ta, Pestilen'tial asphyx'ia, Choi eric Pest'-
Hence, Eastern  ch.,  Orien'tal ch., Cholera orien-
ta'lis, Ch. In'dica, Ch. Epidem'ica, Typhus Ben-
galen'sis, Choiero-typhis, Ganglionitisperipher'-
ica, et medulla'ris, Hymenoganglii'tis, Pantogan-
gliltis,  Cholerrhoe'a  lymphat'ica, I'sorenter'1:a; 
CHOLERAIC               200
Typhoid Fever of India, Cholera asphyxia, Hy-
pe ranthrax'ie, Enterop'yra Aeiat'ica, Trisplancll-
11 ia,  Trisplanchnltis, Hamataporrho'sis, Hama-
torrho'eie, Morbtta oryzeus, Malignant Cholera,
Convulsive nervous Cholera, Rice disease, (because
supposed by Tytler to  be caused by damaged
rice,) (F.) Mart de Chien, is frightful  in the ra-
pidity of its progress, the patient sometimes dying
in a  few hours from the first outset. In temperate
climates, common cholera is not usually a disease
of much consequence.   It requires that the  sto-
mach and bowels should be  cleared,  and after-
wards the irritation be  allayed by full  doses of
opium.  In the malignant cholera of India, bleed-
ing at the outset, without regard to the signs of
apparent depression, and large doses of calomel,
with opiates, form the great reliance of the prac-
titioner. ,              ,
   CHOLERA-EUROPEEN, see Cholera— c.
Indian, see  Cholera—c  Indica, see Cholera.
   Cholera Infan'tum,  Choleric Fever of In-
fanta ;  Cholera of Infants.  A disease so termed
by American  physicians.  It occurs, generally,
in the  middle  states of the  Union,  in  June or
July,  and  continues during the hot weather,
hence called the 'summer complaint'  The chief
symptoms  are vomiting, purging  of green or
yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain
or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with
some pyrexia, generally.  The heat of the wea-
ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex-
citing, cause.   It is a fatal disease in  towns; dif-
fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called
the Watery  Gripes in England.  Clearing, gently,
the alimentary canal, so as to remove  the offend-
ing  matter, and then exhibiting chalk  mixture
and  laudanum,  with  counter-irritants,  as sina-
pisms to the abdomen, is  the most  satisfactory
plan of treatment.
   Cholera, Malignant, see Cholera—c. Morbus,
Cholera — e. Morbus Sporadique,, see  Cholera —
c Nostras, Cholera morbus—c. Oriental, see Cho-
lera—c Pestilential, see  Cholera—c. Poison, see
Poison—c. Spasmodic, see Cholera—c Sporadic,
see Cholera—c. Sec, Cholera sicca—c. Vulgaris,
Cholera morbus.
   Chol'era Sicca, (F.) Cholera sec.  Pneuma-
tosis of the digestive passages in which there is a
copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards.
   CHOLERAIC, Choleric.
   CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania.
   CHOL'ERIC, Choler'icus.   Belonging to bile;
also  to  cholera; Cholera'ie, — as the 'choleric or
choleraic virus.'  The French use the term Fievre
cholerique for the fever accompanying cholera.
   Choleric Fever of Infants, Cholera  infan-
tum.
   Choleric Temperament.   The  bilious tem-
perament.
   CHOL'ERINE.  A diminutive of cholera.
The  first stage of epidemic  cholera; also, the
precursory symptoms of cholera.
   CHOL'EROID, Choleroldes, from cholera, and
tilos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling cholera; as a
' choleroid affection.'
   CHOLEROMA'NIA,  Cholerapho'bia, Cholero-
pho'bia, from cholera  and mania.  A dread of
cholera to  such  an extent that the individual
fancies  himself affected or threatened by it.
   CHOLEROPIIOBIA,  Choleromania.
   CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and tpwvn,
' voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera.
   CHOLEROPROSO'PON,  Cholerop'sis,  from
cholera, and -rpoawirov, 'countenance.'  The facial
expression of cholera.
   CHOLEROPSIS. Choleroprosopon.
   CHOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
   CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera.




                          i
CHONDROID
  CHOLERRnOSA LYAIPHATICA, Cholera.
  CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma.
  CHOLESTEATINE, Cbolesterin.
  CHOLESTEATO'AIA,  from Xa^v, 'bile,' and
steatoma.  An encysted tumour, which presents
upon  the  interior  of the  cyst several  superim-
posed layers of cholesterin, which glisten like
pearl.  Hence it was named by Cruveilheir the
laminated nacreous fatty tumour.
  CHOL'ESTERIN, Choiesterine, Choleeterlna,
Cholosteri'na, Cholestearlne, Cholesteatlne, from
XoXn,  ' bile,' and artpeoc,  ' solid,' or areap, ' suet'
An inodorous, insipid substance, in white, shining
scales; fusible and crystallizing, on cooling, in
radiated  fibres.  Soluble  in  alcohol.   It  forma
the crystalline part of certain  biliary calculi.
See Adipocire.
  CHOLEUAIA, Cholosis.
  CHOLIA, Cholosis.
  CHOLICE'LE,  from ^0X17, 'bile,' and 107X17,
'tumour.'  A swelling, formed by  the bile mor-
bidly accumulated in the gall-bladder.
  CHOLICUS, Bilious.
  CHOLIUS, Bilious.
   CHOLICYSTIECTASIE, Turgescentia vesi-
cas felleas.
  CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis.
  CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE,  Cholocatar-
rhophe'sis, Cholocatarrhoph'ia, from s^oXi;,  'bile,'
and xarappotpeiv, 'to sup up.'  The absorption of
bile.
  CHOLOGRAPHIA,  Choledography.
  CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi,  biliary.
  CHOLO'MA, from xwXos,  'lame,  maimed.'
Distortion  of a limb:  incapacity  of moving it
Also,  the sftet of limping,  claudication.
  CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus.
  CHOLORRHOE'A, from ^0X77, ' bile,' and peu>,
' I flow.'   An abnormous discharge of bile.
  CHOLOS, Bile, Chole.
  CHOLO'SES, from  x°*»> 'Me.'  Alibert in-
cludes, under this head,  every morbid affection
of the liver and spleen.
  CHOLO'SIS, from  xu^°f» 'lame.' Cho'lotes,
Cholas'ma, Cholan'sia,  Choleu'ma, Chol'ia, Clau-
dica'tion.   Hippocrates employs this word par-
ticularly for a lameness of the hand, which ren-
ders a person one-handed, (F.)  manchot.  Also,
icterus; bilious dyscrasy.
  Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow.
  CHOLOSTERINE, Cholesterin.
  CHOLOTES, Cholosis.
  CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious.
  CHONDRIN, from xovlpos, 'cartilage.'  A va-
riety of gelatin, obtained  by boiling the cornea,
the permanent cartilages, and the  bones before
they are ossified.
  CHONDRI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Cartilag"inis,
from  xovfy°s>  'cartilage,'  and itia, a termination
denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of carti-
lage.
  CHONDROCLA'SIS, from Xo^pos, 'cartilage,'
and xXaois, ' fracture.'  Fracture of a cartilage.
  CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous,  Chondroid.
  CHONDROGENESTA, Chondrogen'esia, from
Xovlpos, 'a cartilage,'  and  yeveots, 'formation.'
Formation of cartilage.  A morbid conversion of
parts into cartilage.
  CHONDROGLOS'SUS, from X°vip°f, 'a carti-
lage,' and yXwaaa, 'the tongue.'  A fasciculus of
fleshy fibres, passing  from  the  lesser  cornu of
the os hyoides to the  tongue.   It forms part of
the hyoglossus.
   CHONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'phia, from
Xovlpos, 'cartilage,' and  ypa<t>n> 'a description.'
A description of cartilages.
   CHONDROID, ChondroVdea, Chondro'des, 
CHONDROLOGY
201
CHORION
 from j/pvlpos, 'cartilage,' and tilos, 'resemblance.'
 Cartilaginifurm.   Resembling cartilage.
   CHOXDROL'OGY, Chondrolog"ia, from Xov-
 Spos, 'a cartilage,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   A
 treatise on  cartilages.
   CIION DRO'AIA, Enchondro'ma, from Xovlpos,
  cartilage.'   A cartilaginous  growth proceeding
 from bones,  including spina  ventosa, osteosar-
 coma, Ac,  of many.
   CHONDRO-PIIARYNGE'US, from Xovlpos, 'a
 cartilage,' and tpapvyl;, ' the pharynx.'  Fibres of
 the muscular coat of the pharynx,  which arise
 from the  lesser cornua of the  os hyoides, and
 form part  of tho Conetrictor  mediua.  See Con-
 strictor pharyngis.
   CIIONDRO'SES, from Xovlpos, 'cartilage.'   A
 morbid  formation or condition of a cartilage.
   C110 NDROSTERNAL, Chondrosterna'lis, from
 Xovlpos, 'a cartilage,' and  orepvov,  'the  breast-
 bone.'   Having  relation  to the  cartilages of  the
 ribs and breast-bone,—as the chondroaternal liga-'
 ments, articulations, Ac
   ClIONDROSYNDES'MUS, from Xovlpos,  'a
 cartilage,'  and awlcapos,  'a ligament'   Union
 of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage.  Synchon-
 drosis.
   CHONDROT'OMY,  Chondrotom'ia, fron Xov-
 Ipos, ' a cartilage,' and repveiv, '  to cut'   Dissec-
 tion of cartilages.
   CII0 N D R O-XIPHOID, Chondro-xipho'i'dea,
 from Xovlpos, ' a cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car-
 tilage so called.  Having relation to the xiphoid
 cartilage, as 'Chondro-xiphoid ligament.'
   CHONDRUS, Cartilage.  The Xiphoid carti-
 lage, in  particular.
   Ciio.ndrus, Alica,  Fucus crispus — c. Crispus,
 Fucus crispus—c. Polymorphus,  Fucus crispus.
   C1IONOS,  Infundibulum.
   CHOPINE, Choplno, Cheoplna.  A measure,
 which contains 16 ounces.  A pint measure.
   CHORA,  Xwpa,  'region.'   Any  void  space.
 Also, the orbit of the eye.
   CHORD,  TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord.
   CHORDA, Corda.   A string of an instrument.
 It has  several meanings: — as  a tendon,—the
 intestines (Chorda.)  Paracelsus  calls the genital
 organs  chorda.   Chorda seu Funic'ulua Tym'pa-
 ni, a branch of the 7th pair of nerves, according
 to some, of  the 5th pair,  according to  others,
 which passes through the tympanum, (F.) Nerf
 Tympanique — (Ch.) Oorde du  Tambour  ou  du
 Tympan.  Chorda Willis'ii, Trabec'ula Willis'ii,
 the  small fibres  which cross the sinuses  of the
 dura mater :  so called  from their first describer,
 Willis.   Chorda  Tendin'ea; the tendinous and
 cord-like substances which connect  the columna
 oamea  of  the ventricles  of the heart  to  the
 valves,  Ac.
   Chorda,  Intestine.
   Chorda Dorsa'lis, Borsal cord.   The axis,
 around which, according  to Aron Baer, the first
 parts of the foetus are formed,—the rudiment of
 the future vertebral column.
   Chorda Hippocratis, Achillis  Tendo—c. Lon-
 gitudinals Corporis Callosi, see Raphe.
   CHORD.E, Chordee-c Ferrenii, Chords, vocal.
   Chord.e Longitudina'les Lancis'ii.  Two or
 three longitudinal  elevations and lines on the
 upper surface of the corpus callosum.
   Chord.e  Penis,  Chordee — o.  Tendineas, see
 Chorda—c Areneris,Chordee—c.Arocales, Cords,
 vocal—e. AVillisii, see Chorda.
   CHORDAP'SUS, from Xopln,  'intestine,' and
 airrciv, ' to  tie,' Intussuscep'tio.   Constriction  or
 twisting  of the intestines. — Celsus.   The Colica
 Ileus.  See  Enteritis and Ileus.
  CHORDEE', Cordee',  Chorda Ven'eris seu
Penis, Phallancylo'sis, PhaUocamp'aia,  Chorda, |
 Chorda'ta Gonorrhce'a.   A  painful affection of
 the penis, attending gonorrhoea, and happening
 chiefly at night.   It occurs when the violence of
 the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot
 expand as much as the corpora cavernosa during
 erection, and consequently the glans seems pain-
 fully drawn downwards.  The application of cold
 water topically and the administration  of opium
 internally, palliate it.
   CHORE'A, Chorea  Sancti  Viti, Ch. Sancti
 Modea'ti, Ch. geaticulato'ria, Choroma'nia, Syn'-
 clonus saltans, Tripudia'tio spas'tica, from Xopeia,
 'a dance;'  sometimes  called  Scelotyr'be,   Viti
 Saltue, Salta'tio Sancti Viti,  Baliis'mus,  Con-
 vul'sio habitua'lis,  Siph'ita  prava, Syn'clonua
 Chorea, Myotyr'be, Choreoma'nia, Orchestroma'-
 nia, Epilepe'ia Saltato'ria,  3Iorbue Saltato'riua,
 Hieran'oaua, M. geaticulato'riua, Scelotyr'be taran-
 tiam'us, St. Vitus's Bonce, because the movements
 resemble dancing; (F.) Choree,  Banse de Saint-
 Witt,  Banse de St. Guy.  The  characteristics
 are: — irregular and involuntary motions of one
 or more limbs, and of the face and trunk.   It is
 a disease which usually occurs  before  puberty;
 and is generally  connected  with torpor of the
 system, and of the digestive organs in particular.
 Its duration  is long, but  it  is usually devoid of
 danger; although frequently but little under the
 control of medicine. The spasms do not continue
 during sleep.   The indications of treatment are •
 to strengthen the general system, and stimulate
 the intestinal canal.   Purgatives, once or twice
 a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate regi-
 men, will fulfil these.
   Chorea,  Chronic, see Tic—c Faciei, Tic—c.
 Gesticulatoria, Chorea—c. Partial,  see Tic — e.
 Sancti Modesti, Chorea—c Sancti A'alentini,  Ta-
 rantismus—c. Sancti Viti, Chorea.
   CHOREE, Chorea.
   CHORE'GIA, from ^opof,  'a  troop of dancers
 and singers,' and ayw,   'I  lead.'   Hippocrates
 uses this term for  the whole of the apparatus ne-
 cessary for a physician or surgeon.
   CHOREOMANIA, Chorea.
  _ CHORIODEI'TIS, Ohorioidei'tis, Chorioidi-
 tis, Choroiditis,  from Xopocilns, ' the  choroid,'
 and itis.   Inflammation of the  choroid coat of
 the eye.
   CHORIODES, Choroid.
   CHORIOIDEA, Choroid.
   CHORIOIDES, Choroid.
   CHO'RION, ^opiov, 'skin,' from Xwpetv,  'to
 contain, include;' Camis'ia Foetus:  the chemise
 or shirt of the foetus in utero.   A thin, transpa-
 rent membrane,  formerly confounded with  the
 decidua, which surrounds the foetus  in utero on
 every side, and appears to be  developed from nu-
 cleated cells formed in the Fallopian tube. Some
 histologists, however, consider, that it exists  in
 the ovary.  The general  opinion is, that it is
 formed as  above described;  and perhaps, also,
 from the zona pellucida, which disappears in the
 tube.  In the uterus,  villous prolongations are
 formed on its surface, which have given it, with
 more recent writers, the  name 'shaggy chorion.'
 These villi are probably the agents of the absorp-
 tion of nutritive matter furnished from the lining
 membrane of the uterus.
   By many anatomists, the chorion is considered
to be formed of two layers; the outer, called by
Burdach Exoch'orion : the inner, Endocho'rion.
By others,  the distinction  of laminas is denied.
It is exterior to the amnion.
   Chorion also means the true skin.  See Cutis.
   Chorion Fungosum. Decidua— c. Reticulatum,
Decidua—c. Shaggy, see Chorion  and Decidua—
c  Spongiosum, see Decidua—c. Spongy, seo  De-
cidua—c. Tomentosum, see Decidua. 
CHORIONITIS              20:
   _ CHORIONITIS.  Induration of the Cellular
  tissue.
    CHOROID, Chordi'deus, Chordi'des, ChorioV-
  dca, Chorio'dea, from ^opiov,  'the chorion,' and
  eilos, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Several parts are so
  called, which resemble the chorion, in the multi-
  tude of their vessels.
    Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle.
    CH0R0'i'DEASeuCH0RI0l'DEATu'NICA,CL Mem-
  Ira'no, or simply the Choroid, Tu'nica vasculo'sa
  Oc'uli, T. aciniform'ia seu rhagdldea, (F.) Mem-
  brane choro'ide, Choro'ide.   A thin membrane, of
  a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica,
  internally.  The  part  behind the iris is called
  Uvea.  It is situate between the scjerotica and
  retina, has  an  opening, posteriorly, for the pas-
  sage of the optic nerve;  and terminates,  ante-
  riorly, at the great circumference of the  iris,
  where  it is continuous with the ciliary processes.
  According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two
  layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the
  name Tu'nica Ruyachia'na, Membra'na Ruysch-
  ia'na,  (F.)  Membrane  Ruyachienne.  The  in-
  ternal  surface of the membrane is covered with a
  dark pigment, consisting of several layers of pig-
  ment  cells,  called Pigmen'tum nigrum, Stratum
  pigmen'ti,  Ophthalmochro'i'tea, jdSthiopa  animal,
  (F.) Enduit choroidien.  Its  use seems to be, to
  absorb the rays of light after they have traversed
  the retina.
    Choroi'des Plexus, Plexuachoro'i'deuaseureti-
  cula'ria,  Vermes cer'ebri, Choroid Plexus.  Two
  membranous and  vascular duplicatures of the pia
  mater, situate in the lateral ventricles.  They are
  fixed to the  Tela choro'idea by one edge,  and are
  loose and floating at the other.
    Choroidea Tela, (F.) Toile choro'idienne.  A
  kind of vasculo-membranous prolongation of the
  pia mater, which lines the lower surface of the fornix
  united with  the corpus callosum.  It is stretched
  above  the third ventricle, and covers the poste-
  rior commissure and corpora quadrigemina.  An-
  teriorly, the tela choroidea is continuous with the
  plexus choroides.
    Choroideje Ven.e, Vena Gale'ni,  (F.) Veines
* chordidienuea.   Two veins, that  creep along the
  tela choroidea; into which almost all those of
  the lateral ventricles,  of the upper  part of the
  cerebellum,  of the pineal gland,  and the  corpora
  quadrigemina open.  The Venas Galeni open into
  the sinua quortua  ox fourth ainua.
    CHOROlBE,  CEINTURE BLANCHE BE
  LA, Ciliary  ligament—c. Commiaaure de la, Cili-
  ary ligament
    CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis.
    CHOROi'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation of
  the choroid  and retina.
    CHOROMANIA, Chorea.
    CHOSES CONTRE NATURE,  Res contra
  naturam — c. Naturelles, Res naturales — c. non
  Naturelles, Res non naturales.
    CHOSIS, Arenatio.
    CHOU CAB US, Brassica capitata—c.  Croute,
  Sauer  Kraut—c. Fleur, Brassica Florida, Cauli-
  flower  excrescence — c. Marin, Convolvulus sol-
  danella— c. Navet,  Brassica rapa—c. Pomme,
  Brassica capitata—c. Potager, Brassica — c. Ro-
  quette, Brassica eruca.
    CHREMAIA, Sputum.
    CHREAIPSIS, Exspuition.
    CHRISIS, from Xpiw, ' I anoint'  The action
  of anointing.  Inunction.
    CHRISMA, same etymon.   The act of anoint-
  ing.   The salve or liniment used.  Prurigo.
    CHRISTI MANUS.  Troches prepared from
  refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or without
  prepared pearls.
2           CnRYSANTHEAIUM

   CHRISTOPHER  HERB, Actasa. spicata,
   CHRISTOPHORIANA SPICATA, Actasa spi-
cata.
   CHRISTOS, Xpiaros,  from Xptw, 'I anoint'
Any medicine applied under the form of liniment
or ointment
   CHROA, Chrcea, Chroma.   Colour in general.
The surface of the body.  The skin.
   CHRfEAS, Scrofula.
   CHROMA, Chroa.
   CHROMATOG"ENOUS, fromXpwpa, 'colour,'
and yewaw, ' I make.'
   Chromatog"enous Appara'tus.  A particular
apparatus for producing the colouring matter of
the skin, composed of a glandular or secreting
parenchyma, situate a  little  below the papilla;,
and presenting  special  excretory  ducts,  which
pour  out the colouring matter on the surface of
the true skin.—Breschet.
   CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA,  Achro-
matopsia.
   CHROMATOPHO'BIA, from Xpwpa,  'colour,'
and tpoPos,  ' dread.' Morbid sensibility to certain
colours.
   CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia,
   CHROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia.
   CHROMIC ACID, Ac"idum Chro'micum,(F.)
Acide chromique.  Obtained  by crystallization
from  a mixture  of  bichromate  of  potassa, and
oil of vitriol. It has been used as  an escharotic
in external hemorrhoids.
   CHROMIDRO'SIS, from XP^^  'colour,' and
'ilpws, ' sweat' Abnormous coloration of the per-
spiratory secretion.
   CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia, Chromatop'sia,
Chrotop'sia, Chrup'aia, Crop'aia, Visits color a'tits,
Suffu'sio colo'rans, from xpupa, 'colour,' andot^is,
'vision.' A  state of vision in which a coloured
impression is made  on  the retina.  Said to be
occasionally  observed in jaundice.
   CHRONAGUNEA, Menstruation.
   CHRONIC, Chron''icus, Chro'nius, Polychro'-
nius, Invetera'tus, Anti'quus, Bena'us, from ypovos,
' time.'  Of long duration.
   Chronic  Diseases, Morbi  chron'id, Macro-
nos'ia, Macro'sia, (F.) Maladies Chroniques, are
those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms
proceed slowly.  The antithesis to chronic is acute.
   CHRONO,  from xpovos, 'time.'   A prefix to
terms denoting inflammation  of a  part, to show
that such inflammation is chronic.—Piorry.
   CHRONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chronic.
   CHRONO-NEPHRITE, Nephritis (chronic.)
   CHRONO-THERMAL,  from  Xpovos,  'time,'
and Seppn,  'heat.'  Relating to time and tempe-
rature.  An  epithet given to a fanciful  ' system'
by Dr.  Samuel Dickson, which maintains, that
there can be no increase or diminution of tempe-
rature without motion ;  no motion without time;
that motion consists  in attraction and repulsion;
that attraction and repulsion are peculiar to elec-
tric action j  and hence,  that  medicines  must
change the motions of the system, and be electri-
cal in their operation.
   CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia.
   CHRUPSIA,  Chromopsia.
   CHRY'SALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid.
   CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis.
   ChrySan'themum  Leucan'thrmum,  from xpv-
cros, 'gold,'  and avSos,  'a  flower.'   The Ox-eye
daisy, Baisy, Whiteweed, Goldens,  Maiidlinwort,
Bellis major seu praten'sis, Buphthal'mnm majus,
Lencan'thernum vulga're, Matriea'ria Lcucanth'e-
mum, Bellididi'des, Consol'ida  media, Oc'ulus Bo-
vis, (F.) Chrysanthemc, Chryahie, Grand Margue-
rite dea pres. The flowers and herb are slightly
acrid; and were once used in pulmonary diseases. 
CHRYSE"
203
CHYMICAL
  Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Matricaria par -
thonium.
  CHRYSE, from Xpvoos, 'gold.'  The name of
a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of .^Egina,
and  composed  of thus, alum,  lead, colophony,
re.-in, oil, and orpiment, boiled  in vinegar.
   CUR YSE.VA.'.Chrysanthemumleucanthemum.
   CH RYS FITS, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum.
   UIRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Myristica
moschata.
   CIIRYSOCALIS, Matricaria.
   CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass.
   CHRYSOCOLLA, Borax.
   C1IRYSOCOMA, Millefolium.
   CHRYSOLACHANUM,  Chenopodium bonus
 Henricus.
   CHRYSOL'ITIIUS,  Chrys'olite, from Xpvaos,
 'gold,' and XiSos, 'stone.'  A precious stone, of
 a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as car-
 diac, cephalic,  Ac.
   CHRY'SOMELTA, see Citrus aurantium.
   CHRYSOPHYL'LUM  CAINI'TO, from Xpvcos
 'gold,' and tpvXXov, 'a leaf.'   Cainito, Siderox'-
 ylan,  Broad-leaved Star-apple.  A  tree of the
 Antilles, which produces one  of the best  fruits
 of the country.  There are several varieties of it.
   Chiiysophyllum Glyciphl^eum, Monesia.
   CtlRYSOPUS, Cambogia.
   CIlltYSOS,  Gold.
   CllRYS()SPKRAIUM,Sempervivumtectorum.
   CIIRYZA FIBRAUREA, Coptis.
   ClITHONOIMIA'GIA,   Cachex'ia  Africa'na,
 Maltlcia Africano'rum, Pica Africano'rum, Leu-
 cophleijma'tia  JEthio'jium, Chloro'sis JEthiopum,
 Dirt-eating, (F.)  Mal d'Estomac,  from  X6wv,
 ' earth,' and tpayui, ' I eat'  A disorder of the nu-
 tritive functions observed  amongst the  negroes of
 the South and  of the West Indies, in which there
 is an irresistible desire to  eat earth.  It is accom-
 panied by most of the signs of chlorosis.
   CHU,  Choa or  Chus,  Xss,  Chocue.  A liquid
 measure amongst  the Greeks, answering to  the
  Congius of  the Romans, and containing  six sex-
 tarii, or twelve  Attic cotylas, or nine pints.—Galen.
   CHURRUS, see Bangue.
   CHUTE, Prolapsus—c. du  Fondement,  Proc-
  tocele—c. de la Matrice, Procidentia uteri—c. des
  Oufs, see Parturition—c.  du Rectum, Proctocele.
   CHYLAIRE, Chylous.
   CHYLAR, Chylous.
   CHYLARION, Chyle.
   CHYLE, Chylua, Snccua  nntril'ius, from Xvw,
  'I flow.'  The  word,in Hippocrates,means Tisane
 or Decoction of Barley, Chyla'rion, Xv^apiov. Ga-
 len first used  it in its present  sense ; — i. e. for a
 nutritive fluid, extracted by  intestinal absorp-
  tion,  from food  which has been subjected  to
 the action  of  the digestive organs.   It is of a
  whitish appearance ; is separated from the chyme
 in the duodenum, and the rest  of the small intes-
 tines, and is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,
  which arise at  the mucous surface of the intestine.
 Along these  it passes through the mesenteric
 glands to the thoracic duct, and is finally poured
 into the left subclavian.  It is  composed, like the
 blood,  of a coagulable part and of serum.  Chyle
 corpuscles or globules, exist in it, the average size
 of which is about l-4600th of an inch. See Chyme.
   Chyle Corpuscles, see  Chyle.
   CHYLEIX, Chylous.
   CHYLIF'EROUS. Chy'lifer, Chyliferus, Chy-
 loph'orus:  from  chylus,  'chyle,' and ferre, 'to
 carry.'  Chyle-bearing.
   Chylif'erous  Vesskls, Yaaa  Chylif'era seu
  Chylof'era,  Via chylif'era, Vena lactea, Vasa
 lactea.  The Lacteals.  (F.) Vaisseatix chyliferes,
  V. Lactes.  A'essels which convey the chyle from
 the intestines to the thoracic duct.
  CHYLIFICA'TION,  Chylifica'Ho,  Chylo'ais,
Chylopoie'sis, Prapara'tio chyli,  from  chylua,
'chyle,' and facere, 'to make.'  Formation of
chyle by the digestive processes.
  CHYLINE, Cyclamen.
  CHYLISMA, Succus expressns.
  CHYLIS'MUS, from  XvXos, 'juice.'   The act
of expressing the juice of vegetables, Ac.
  CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum  chyli.
  CHYLODES, Chylous.
  CHYLODIABETES,  Chyluria.
  CHYLODIARRHfEA, Cceliac flux.
  CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli.
  CHYLOG'RAPHY, from x.uXo?, <chyle,'  and
ypatpn,' a description.'  A description of the ana-
tomy, Ac, of the chyliferous vessels.
  CHYLOPOIESIS, Chylification.
  CHYLOPOIET'IC, Chylopoiet'icus, Chylopoi'e-
us, from ^uXoj, ' chyle,' and 7roi£a>, ' I make.'  Re-
lating to or connected with the formation of chyle.
Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con-
cerned in it; as the stomach, intestines, omenta,
and  mesentery.  Assistant  Chylopoietic : — ap-
plied to viscera which  aid in the formation of
chyle, as the liver and pancreas.
  CHYLORRHCEA,  Cceliac flux —c  Pectoris,
Chylothorax — c. Renalis, Chyluria—c Urinalis,
Chyluria.
  CHYLOSIS, Chylification.
  CHYLOSTAG'MA  DIAPHORET'ICUAI
MINDERE'RI.  A compound  prepared by dis-
tilling the theriac o/Andromachus,  the mithridate
of Damocrates, and other alexipharmics, Ac.  It
is nearly the same preparation as the Aqua The-
riaca'lis Bezoar'dica.
  CHYLOTRO'B.AX,Pleurorrhce'achylo'sa,Chy-
lorrhoe'a Pec'toria, Hydroiho'rax chylo'sus ; from
;yu\oj, 'chyle,' and  0wpa£, 'the  chest'—Effusion
of chyle into the  chest, owing to the rupture of a
chyliferous vessel.
   CHYLOUS,  Ghylar,  Chylo'aua  vel Chyla'ris,
 Chylo'des,  (F.) Chyleux, Chylaire.  Relating to
the chyle ; or having some analogy to that fluid.
   CHYLU'RIA,  Biabe'tes lac'tea, B. Chylo'sus,
 Chylodiabe'tes, Galactu'ria, Fluxus caliacus per
Renes, Pyu'ria lac'tea, P. Chylo'sa, Caliaea nri-
na'lis, C. rena'lis Chylorrhce'a urina'lis, Ch. rena'-
lis, from xvA°f> 'chyle,' and ovpov, 'urine.'  (F.)
 Diobete chyleux.  A discharge of milky urine, with-
out any apparent lesion of the kidneys or bladder.
   CHYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succus.
   CHYAIE, Chymus, xvP0Si 'Juice/ from %uu, 'I
flow.' The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with
the  supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric secretions,
after it has been  for some time in the  stomach.
 In this it  continues  until it reaches the biliary
and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo-
 denum ; where the conversion into chyle occurs,
 which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,—the
 excrementitious portion of the food traversing the
 large intestine to be evacuated per anum.   Cas-
 telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used in
 an inverse  sense by the  ancients, from  that ac-
 cepted at present.
   CHYMI, Humours.
   CHYAIIA, Chymistry—c Organica,  Chymis-
 try, organic—c Pharmaceutica, see Chymistry.
   CHYAIIA'TER,  Chimia'ter,  Chemia'ter, from
Xvpcia or x".pllh 'chymistry,' and  larpos, 'a phy-
 sician,' latro-chym'icus.  A chemical physician.
   CHYMIATRI'A, Chymiatri'a,Chemiatri'a, la-
tro-chemi'o, Medicina spagir'ica,  Ars Chymiat'-
rica, from Xvpua or Xnpcia,' chymistry,' and tarpeia,
 'cure.'  The art of curing by chemical means.
   C1IYMTCAL,  Chem'ical,  Chem'icus,  Chemo'-
 ticua.  A medicine formed by the aid of chym'stry,
in contradistinction to Galenical. 
CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OGY
204
CICHO'RIUM  ENDIVTA
  Cin.TAl'ICO-IIISTOL'OGY,CT,!/m'tco-7»s*o%"-
ia, Cliem'ico-histol'ogy.  The doctrine of the or-
ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues.
  CHYMICOPHANTA, Chyuiist
  CHYAIICUS, Chymical, Chymist
  CHYMIE, Chymistry.                      .
  CHYAIIFICA'TION, Chymifica'tio, Chymo'-
sis, from  Xvpos,  'juice,' and face re, 'to  make.'
Formation of chyme.
  C1IYMTST,  Chem'ist,  Chem'icus,  Chymico-
phan'ta, Chym'icus, (F.) Chimiste  ou  Chymiste.
One  acquainted with  chymistry.  In Great Bri-
tain  it has,  also,  the  signification  of " one who
6ells chemicals."
  CHYMISTE, Chymist.
  CHYM'ISTRY, Chem'istry, Chemi'a, Chymi'a,
Ohimla,Chemeu'tice,Chemolice, Philosoph'iaper
ignem, Spagy'ria, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosoph'ia, Ars
hermet'ica, Archima'gia, Ars mago'rum, Ars sepia-
rato'ria, Ars spagir'ica; from  xvP°S>  'juice,' or
from Arab,  chema, 'a secret'   (F.)  Chimie ou
Chymie. A branch of  the natural sciences, whose
object is to investigate the nature and properties
of bodies, simple  and compound, inorganic  and
organized; and to study the force  or power, by
virtue of which every  combination is effected.  It
investigates the action between the  integrant mo-
lecules or atoms of bodies.
  Organic Chemistry,  Chymi'a organ'ica, Organo-
chemi'a, is  the  chymistry of  organized sub-
stances,— animal and vegetable.
  Animal Chym'istry, Zo'dch'emy or Zooch'ym.y,
Zoochemla, is  the chymistry of substances  af-
forded by the dead or living animal body.  This
branch of chymistry has  been  farther  subdi-
vided into physiological, when it  considers the
changes produced in organized bodies in  health,
pathological, when it regards  those  produced
by  organic  or  other  diseases.   Anthropochymy,
Anthropochemla, is the chymistry  of the human
body.  Chymistry  is  called Therapeu'tical  or
Pharmaceutical,   Pharmaco-chyml a,  Chymi'a
pharmaceu'tica, when it is engaged in the analy-
sis  of simple" medicines; in improving the pre-
scribing and preparing of chemical and Galenical
medicines; in the means of  preparing them, and
detecting adulterations, Ac. Hygien'ic Chym'istry
is that which is applied to the means of rendering
habitations  healthy,  of analyzing  the  air  we
breathe, preventing the occurrence of disease,
pointing out healthy aliments, and appreciating
the influence of professions, Ac. on the health of
man.  All these different subdivisions, with vege-
table chymistry, are, at times, included under the
head of Medical Chym'istry, Phytochymistry ; at
others, the  term  comprehends  only the Animal,
 Vegetable and Pharmaceutical subdivisions.
   Vital Chemistry, Biochymi'a, is  that which is
executed under the influence of vitality.
   A knowlege of chymistry is of great importance
to the physician.    Many of the functions are of
a chemical nature: many diseases require a che-
mical mode of treatment;  and, without  an  ac-
quaintance with it, two or more substances might
be given in combination,  which,  by  forming  a
 chemical union,  might give rise to other com-
pounds, possessing very different virtues from the
components taken singly, and thus the prescriber
be disappointed in the results.
   Chymistry,  Animal, see Chymistry—c. Hy-
 gienic, see  Chymistry—c.  Medical, see Chymis-
 try—c Organic,  see Chymistry — c Pharmaceu-
tic,  see Chymistry — c Therapeutical, see Chy-
 mistry— c. Vegetable, see  Chymistry—c. Vital,
 see  Chymistry.
  CHY.MOCHEZIA, Cceliac flux.
   CHiTMOPLANIA,(G.)Chymoplanien,Dys-
chy mo sen, from ^ti/iu?,'juice,'and »>« vn, 'wander-
ing.' A transposition of secretions:—a family of dis-
eases in the classification of Fuchs, which includes
icterus, uroplania, menoplania and fralaetoplania.
  CHY'MORRHfEA, Cosliac flux, Lientery.
  CHYMOSIN, Pepsin.
  CHYMOSIS, Chymification.
  CHYMOZEMLA, Hvpercrinia.
  CIFYTLEN, RADIX.  A cylindrical-root, bitter
and inodorous, brought  from China.   It is held
by the Chinese to be  stomachic. — Murray.
  CHYT'LON, ^tirXov, from x-">>' I Pol'r ou*-'  A
liquid  formerly used for rubbing the  body after
bathing.
  CIBARIUM, Aliment
  CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.'  Bread
made of second flour. — Celsus.
  CIBA'TIO.   Trophe.  The taking of food. In
Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation.
  CIBUS,  Aliment—c. Albus,  Blancmanger—
c. Deorum, Asafcetida.
  CICATRICE, Cicatrix.
  CICATRICES  OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova-
riorum.
  CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive of Cicatrix.  A
small cica'trix, Stigma. The term is, also, applied
to a small white spot, called the tread, chalaza,
chala'zium, observable at the surface of a fecun-
dated egg.   See Molecule.
  CICATRISAN'TIA,  Epnlot'ica,  Synulot'iea,
Apulot'ica, Catitlolica, Ulot'ica.   Remedies for-
merly considered to be capable of producing cica-
trization.
  CICA'TRIX, Caca'trix, Ule, Oule, from caeare,
'to conceal,' because it conceals  the wound. (F.)
Cicatrice.  The union of parts, which have been
divided.  A scar or formation, of a reddish colour,
afterwards  whitish, and of variable  thickness,
which takes place at the surface of wounds or ulcers
after their  cure.  A  cicatrix  may vary much  in
shape, consistence, and  thickness.  The cicatrix
of a bone is called Callus.  A vic"ious cica'trix,
(F.) Cicatrice vicieuse,  is one which  interferes
with the  action of the parts on  which it occurs.
The scars after small-pox, are called Pits or Pock-
mjarks, (F.) Coutures par la petite verole.
  Cicatrix Variolar, Pockmark.
  CICATRIZA'TION,  Cicatrisa'tio,  Epulo'sis,
Synulo'aia.   The process by which a  cicatrix is
formed.  Every tissue, except the nails,  epider-
mis, hair,  and enamel is, probably, capable  of
cicatrization.
  CICELY, SAVEET, Chsserophyllum  odoratum,
Osmorrhiza longistylis, Scandix  odorata.
  CICER  ARIETI'NUM.   The Cicer  plant,
Erebin'thua,  (F.)  Cicerole,  Poia Chiche.  The
seeds are ground into flour, and  used as bread in
some countries.
  Cicer  Lens, Ervum lens.
  CI'CERA TAR'TARI.  Small pills of turpen-
tine and  cream of tartar—of  the size of  a  vetch
or cicer.
  CICERBITA, Sonchus  oleraceus.
   CICEROLE, Cicer arietinum.
  CICHO'RIUM  ENORMIA.  The  systematic
name of the Endive,  Endiv'ia, Endlva, In'tubum,
In'tybum (Antiq.), Seariola,  In'tybua horten'aia,
(F.)  Chicoree dea Jordina,  Scariole.  Family,
Cichoraceas.   Sex. Syet. Syngenesia  Polygamia
asqualis.   It is a common pot herb, and is  eaten
as salad.
   Cicho'rium In'tybus, Sen's, Seriola, In'tubum
errot'icnm.   The systematic name of the Wild
Suc'cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory, Wild Endive,
Ambulei'a, Heliotro'pion, Catauau'ce, Cicho'reum,
(F.) Chicoree eauvage.   It is bitter, and was once
used as a tonic  The root, roasted and ground,
is often used instead of, or mixed with, coffee. 
CniCORY, AVILD-            205                 CILIARY
  CICIIORY, AVILD, Cichorium intybus.
  CRT, Ricinis communis.
  CICINDE'LA, Lam'pyris,  Xoetiluca, Nited'-
ula.   The  Glow-worm.  (F.)  Ver luisant.   This
insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon-
triptic.
  ClCIS, see Quercus infectoria.
  CIGON'GIUS; an  ancient measure, contain-
ing 12 pints.
  CICUTA,  Conium maculatum.
  Cki'tA  AquAt'icA, Cicu'ta viro'sa, Cicuta'ria
aqiiai'ica,  Coriau'drum cicu'ta,  Water Hemlock,
Coul,one, (F.) Cigtte  aquatique ou  vireuse.   Fa-
mily, Umbelliferas.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Digy-
nia.   A  violent poison, often eaten  by mistake
for Wild Smullage, Apium Graveolena.  It pro-
duces tremors, vertigo, burning at the stomach,
and  all the symptoms occasioned by the Narco-
tici,-acrid class of poisons.
  Ciru'TA  Macula'ta, (F.)  Cigue d'Amerique,
American  water hemlock,  American Hemlock,
Snakeweed, Death of man, Water paraley, Poison
root, Wild Hemlock,  Children's bane, is analo-
gous in botanical character and  medical proper-
ties  to the European  species.  See Conium  Ma-
culatum.
   Cicuta  Major, Conium maculatum—c  Major
fostida, Conium maculatum—c  Stoerkii, Conium
maculatum — c Terrestris, Conium maculatum—
c. A'irosa,  Cicuta aquatica—c. Vulgaris, Conium
maculatum.
   CICUTARIA, Chasrophyllum  sylvestre —c
Aquatica,  Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati-
cum—c Odorata, Chasrophyllum odoratum.
   CIDER, Poma'ceum, (F.)  Cidre.  This word
is said to have been  formerly written sidre, and
to have come from  Sic'era, atxcpa, which signifies
any kind  of fermented liquor other than wine.
It is made  from the juice of apples, and, when
good, is a  wholesome drink.
   CIDRE, Cider.
   CIGNUS; an ancient measure, which  con-
tained about two drachms.
   CIGUE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica —c.
d'A intrigue, Cicuta maculate—c. d'Eau,  Phellan-
drium aquaticum—c. Grande, Conium maculatum
c.  Ordinaire,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Petite,
iEthusa cynapium—c Vireuse,  Cicuta aquatica.
   CIL'IA, Blephar'idea, Pili palpebra'rum.  The
eyelashea.   The  hairs on the  eyelids.  (F.)  Cils.
Their use  seems to be, to prevent the  entrance
into the eye of light  bodies flying in the atmo-
sphere ; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in-
 tensity of light.  Also, the tarsi.  Also, a pecu-
 liar sort  of moving organs, resembling  small
 hairs, vibratory or vlbratile  cilia, Cilia vibra-
 to'ria, (F.) Cils vibratils, which are  visible with
 the  microscope in many animals.  These  organs
 are  found  on parts of the body,  which are habi-
 tually in  contact with water, or other more or
 less fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion in these
 fluids, impelling them  along the  surface of the
 parts.  Cilia have been found to exist in all ver-
 tebrated animals except fishes, having been dis-
 covered on the  respiratory and uterine mucous
 membranes of mammalia, birds, and reptiles.
   The  terms  " vibratory motion" and  " ciliary
 motion" have  been  nsed  to  express the pheno-
 mena exhibited by the moving cilia; and it is pro-
 bable, that this  motion is  concerned in the pro-
 gression of fluids along the membranes.  As yet,
 the  motion  has been observed only in the direc-
 tion of the outlets of canals.
   CI LI AIRE, Ciliary.
   CIL'TARY, Cilia'ris, (F.) Ciliaire.   Relating
 to the eyelashes, or to cilia.   This  epithet has,
 also, been  applied to different parts, which enter
into  the  structure of the  eye; from the resem-
blance between  some of them (the ciliary pro-
ceeaea) and the eyelashes.
  Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte'ria cilia'rea, (F.) Ar-
terea ciliairea.  These are furnished by the oph-
thalmic artery.  They are distinguished into 1.
Short or poaterior (Art. uvealc — Cliauss.) 30 or
40 in number, which are distributed to the ciliary
processes.  2. Long, (Art. Iriennea of Chauss.,)
two  in number, which, by the anastomoses  of
their  branches, form two  arterial  circles at  the
anterior surface of the iris : and, 3. The anterior,
Arte'ricB  eilia'rea anterio'rea of Haller, the num-
ber of which is variable.  These pierce the scle-
rotic a few lines  from its union with the cornea;
and are principally distributed to the iris.
  Ciliary Body, Corpua Cilia're, Nexue Stamin'-
eue Oc'uli, Coro'na  Cilia'ria,  Ciliary Disc,  (F.)
Corpa ciliaire.  A ring of the choroid surround-
ing the crystalline  in the manner of a crown;
placed behind the iris and the ciliary circle.   It
resembles the disk  of a radiated  flower, and is
formed  by  the  union of the  ciliary  processes.
See Ciliary Muscle.
  Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na.   A small,
extremely narrow circular space, formed between
the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica.
It can be filled with injection, and it is not cer-
tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel.
  Ciliary  Circle, Ciliary ligament — c  Disc,
Ciliary body—c Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion.
  Ciliary Lig'ament,  C. Circle or Ring, Licja-
men'tum  seu Inatertit"ium  cilia're, L.  I'ridia,
Plexua cilia'ria, An'nulua seu Cir'culua seu Or-
bic'ulua cilia'ria, A. cellulo'aua, Com'miaaure of
the Urea,  Commissure de la  Choro'ide, — (Ch.,)
(F.) Ligament ou   Cerele  ciliaire,  Cercle de  la
Choro'ide, Ceinture blanche  de la Choro'ide.  A
species of  greyish  ring, of a  pulpy consistence,
situate between  the choroid, iris, and  sclft-otica.
The internal surface of the choroid is uniform,
until it approaches within ten lines and a-half of
the edge of the  cornea; here  a dentated line  is
observed, termed ora serra'ta.  The outer surface
presents the an'nulua al'bidua seu gangliform'is,
the  anterior edge  of which unites to the  inner
surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the cili-
ary  ligament.
   Cil'iary Margin or Tarsal Margin of the
eyelids ;  (F.) Bord ciliaire.  The  edge in which
the cilia or eyelashes are  situate.
   Ciliary Motion, see Cilia.
   Ciliary  Muscle, Mus'culus cilia'ria.   The
part of the orbicularis  palpebrarum in the vici-
nity  of the  ciliary  margin.   Also, the greyish,
semi-transparent  structure behind the  ciliary
ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary
body. By its contraction the ciliary  processes,
and with them the lens, must be drawn towards
the cornea.  It appears to be the same muscle as
the  Tenaor choroidea or  choroid muacle of some
anatomists.
   Ciliary Nerves (Xetfia Iriena,—Chauss.) (F.)
Xnj'a ciliairea.  These are 12 to 16 in number.
They arise from  the nasal nerve, and particu-
larly from the anterior part  of the  ophthalmio
ganglion;  and unite  in two fasciculi, which
pass around the optic nerve, and pierce the scle-
rotica near the  entrance  of that nerve into the
eye.  They are  lost in the ciliary ligament.
   Ciliary Plexus, C.  Ligament.
   Ciliary Proc"esses, Procea'aua cilia'res,
Rad'ii seu Stria eilia'rea, Rayons aoua-iriena —
(Ch.,) (F.)  Procia  ciliairea.   Triangular folds,
sixty or eighty in number, placed at the side of
each other, and radiating, so  as to resemble the
disk of a radiated flower.  They are lodged  in
depressions  at the  anterior part of the vrtreous 
CILIATED
20(5
CINCHONA
humour.   The uses  of these processes are not
known.
  Ciliary Ring, Ciliary ligament.
  Ciliary Stri.e  are  numerous, pale,  radiated
strias in the posterior portion of the Corpua cili-
are, but so covered by the Pigmentum nigrum as
not to  be distinctly seen till the paint is removed.
The ciliary processes are formed by these strias.
  Ciliary Veins,  (F.) Vcines ciliairea,  follow
nearly the same course as the arteries.  In  the
choroid they are so tortuous, that they  have  re-
ceived the name Vasa vortico'sa.  They open into
the ophthalmic vein.
  Ciliary  Zone, Zona  seu Zo'nula  Cilia'ris,
Membran'ula Coro'na  Cilia'ria.  Under the cor-
pus ciliare, the capsule of the vitreous humour
sends  off an external lamina, which accompanies
the  retina, and is  inserted, with it, into the fore-
part of the capsule of  the lens, a little before its
anterior edge.  This is the Zonula ciliaris,  Zo-
nula Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn, Coro'na  Cilia'-
ris, Orbic'ulus Cilia'ris.   It  is of a striated  ap-
pearance and circular  form,  and  assists in fixing
the lens to the vitreous humour.
   CIL'IATED, Cilia'tus; from cilia.  Provided
with cilia—as "ciliated epithelium," the epithe-
lium to which vibratory cilia are attached.
   CILLEMENT, Nictation.
   CILLO.  A name given  by some authors to
 those  whose upper eyelid is perpetually tremu-
lous ;—a trembling, which in some cases is called
 Life's  blood.  " To have  life's blood in  the eye,"
 in  other words, is to have this affection.   Vogel
 calls it Cillo'sis.
   CILLOSIS, Cillo.
   CILS, Cilia,—c. Vibratils,  see Cilia.
   CIMEX, Koris, xopts, Cimex lectula'rius.  The
 Wall  or  House or  Bed  Bug  or Chinche.  (F.)
 Punaise.  Six or seven of these, given internally,
 are said  to have prevented  ague !   There is
 scarcely any thing which is sufficiently disgust-
 ing, that has not been exhibited for this purpose,
 and with more or less  success. The bug has  also
 been esteemed emmenagogue.
   CIMICIFtTGA, Actasa racemosa.
   CIAIO'LIA  PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sapo-
 na'ria, Terra Fullon'ica,  Fuller's Earth.  A com-
 pact, bolar earth, employed in  the arts.   Used at
 times  as  a cooling application to  inflamed nip-
 ples, Ac
   Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alba, Smectis, Smec-
 tris, Cimo'lus; from  KtpwXos, an  island  in the
 Cretan Sea, where it is procured. It was formerly
 used  as an astringent, Ac — Scribonius Largus,
 Pliny.  Probably, the same  as the last.
   CINA  CINA,  Cinchona—c. Levantica, Arte-
 misia Santonica.
   CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri sulphuretum  ru-
 brum.
   CINABARIUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
 brum.
   CIN'ABRA, Grasus.   The smell of a he-goat
 A  rank smell, like that of the armpit, Hircus
 ala'rum.
    CINiEDIA, Masturbation.
    CINARA HORTENSIS,  Cynara scolymus—c.
 Scolymus, Cynara Scolymus.
    CINCHO'NA.   So  called  from the Spanish
 Viceroy's lady, the Countess de  Cinchon,  who
 was cured of fever by it at Lima,  about 1638.
 Called also Cortex seu Pulvis  Jesuit'icus, Jesuit's
 Bark or  Powder, Cortex  Patrum, because it was
 introduced into Europe by the Jesuits; and also
 Pulvis Comitia'ea or the  Countess's Powder,  and
 Cardinal del Lugo'e Powder, Cortex Cardina'lis
 de Lugo, because he introduced  it at Rome.  It
 is  the pharmacoposial name of several kinds of
 barks from various  species  of Cinchona, from
the western coast of South America.  Nat. Order,
Cinchonaceas.  Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Monogy-
nia.   Called, also, Cortex, Bark, Peruvian Bark,
Engliah Remedy,  Cortex  China,  Cortex China
Regius, China, Chinchlna, Paloa  tie Cttlentura,
Kina Kino,  (Bark of Barks,) Kinki'na,  Cina
Cina,  Quina  Quina,  Quinquina, Magnum Dei
donum, (F.) Quinquina.
  Cincho'nje  Cariba;'^  Cortex, from  Exos-
tem'ma Cariba'um, Cariba'an Bark; Saint Lu-
cia Bark, (F.)  Ecorce de  Saint  Lucie,  Quin-
quina  Piton, from Exoste'ma fioribund'um ; and
the Pitaya Bark,  Quinquina  bi'color,  from an
exostemina (?) or from strychnos pseudoquina (?),
are useful substitutes for the cinchona of  Peru.
These are the most  important spurious  barks.
They contain neither  quinia nor cinehonia.
  Cinchona Coroifo'li^e Cortex, Cortex fiaviis,
Cinchona officina'lis cortex flavua, Yellow Bark,
Calieay'a Bark,  (F.) Quinquina jaune  ou jaune
royal, Calasaya.   Odour aromatic; taste strong,
bitter, astringent.  Not rolled ; often without the
epidermis, which is very thick and inert;  light,
friable; fracture fibrous.  Active principle Quinia.
   Cinchona Lancifo'lijs Cortex, Cortex Peru-
via'nus,  Cortex pal'lidus,  Cinchona officina'lis
cortex commu'nis, Cinchona pallida, Pale Bark,
Loxa Bark, Crown Bark, (F.) Quinquina gris de
Loxa, Quinquina Orange. Its odour is aromatic;
taste pleasant, bitter,  and astringent.  The pieces
are rolled in double or single quills.  Epidermis
brown, cracked; fracture resinous.   Internally
of  a cinnamon  colour.  Its active  principle  is
 Cinehonia.
   Cinchona  Oblongifo'li^e  Cortex,  Cortex
ruber,  Cinchona  officina'lis cortex  ruber,  Red
Bark, (F.) Quinquina rouge.  Odour and taste
the  same as the pale, but more intense: in large
flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry; fracture short and
smooth;  of a deep  brownish-red colour.  Al-
though this variety  of bark is assigned to the
 Cinchona oblongifolia  by some,  it would  seem,
that nothing is certainly known as to its source.
Active principles, Cinehonia and Quinia.
   The last  three  are  the only officinal varieties
in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. There
 are  many  other varieties,  however, which are
 genuine cinchona  barks, and yet have not been
 considered worthy of an officinal  position.  The
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed, Cin-
 chona cinerea, Grey bark, Silrer bark or Huanuco
 bark, which is obtained around Huanuco in Peru,
 and belongs to the class of pale barks.  Amongst
 the genuine but inferior barks are those brought
 from the  northern Atlantic  ports  of South Ame-
 rica, which, in commerce, are variously  called
 Carthagena, Maracaybo and Santa Martha  barks.
   All these barks are bitter, astringent,  tonic,
 and eminently febrifuge.  The yellow  bark has
 been thought equal to any of the others, but the
 red contains more active principle. The discovery
 of their active principles is one of the  most im-
 portant gifts of modern chymistry.  Still, in per-
 nicious intermittents, the bark, in  substance, is
 often  demanded.  It is employed in every disease
 in which there  is deficient  tone, but in  cases
 where the stomach is much debilitated, the pow-
 der had  better be avoided in consequence of the
 woody fibre, which might disagree.   Externally,
 it is used in enemata, gargles, Ac, and in gan-
 grenous ulcerations.   When it excites nausea, an
 aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium;
 if costiveness, rhubarb, Ac.  Dose, 5JSS to 3J or
 more.
   Essential Salt of Bark, as it is called, is
 an extract, prepared by macerating the bruised
 substance of bark in cold water, and submitting
 the infusion to a very slow evaporation. 
CINCHONIA
207
CIRCULUS
  Cinchona  Officinalis  ( Cortex  Flavus, )
Cinchome eordifolias cortex—c. Pallida, Cinchonas
lancifolia; cortex—c of Virginia, Magnolia glauca.
  CIN CII0 NI A, Cinchonine — c Tannate of,
Quina? et cinchoniae tannas.
  CINCH'ONINE, Cinchoni'na,  Cinchonin, Cin-
cho'nia.  The active principle of Cincho'na lan-
cifti'lia.  An  organic, crystalline  alkali;  of a
white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste;
very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in-
soluble in water.
  Sul]ihcite, of Cinehonia, which is formed directly
from  cinehonia,  is soluble in water and alcohol.
The action of the sulphate of cinehonia is similar
to that of  the sulphate of quinia;  but it is less
energetic, and consequently requires to be given
in a larger dose.
  Cinchonine, Tartrate  of, see Quinine,  tar-
trate of.
  CfNCHONISAI, Quininism.
  C INCIN'NULUS.  A little lock or curl of hair.
  CINCIN'NUS. A  curled or frizzled lock.  The
hair on the temples.
  CINC'LICIS, Cinclis'mua,  'agitation; rapid
and frequent motion.'  The   movement of the
thorax in dyspnoea.—Hippocrates.  It has been
used, also,  synonymously with nictation.
  CTNCLISMUS, Cinclisis.
  CINEFACTIO, Incineration.
  CINE'MA,  Cine'aia, from kivcw,  'I move.'
Motion.
  CINERARIA MARITIMA, Achaovan, Abiat
  CINERES CLAVELLATI, see Potash —c
Gravellati,  see  Potash — c. Russici,  Potash of
commerce.
  CINEREUS,  Cineritious.
   CINERIT"IOUS, Ciner'eus, from  cinerea,
'ashes;' (F.) Ccnche.  Of the colour of ashes.
The cortical substance of the brain, and the vesi-
cular neurine in general,  have been  so called.
See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine.
   CINESIS, Cinema, Motion.
   CINETII'MICS, from  *ivc<o,  'I  move.'  The
science of movements in general.
   (TNETIC, Motory.
   CINET'ICA. Same etymon.  Diseases affect-
ing the muscles, and characterized by irregular
action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly
denominated Sjiasm.   The 3d order in the class
 Neurotica  of Good.   Also, agents  that affect the
voluntary or involuntary motions.—Pereira.
   CINETUS, Diaphragm.
   CINGULARIA, Lycopodium.
   CIN'GULUAf, Zone, from cingo, 'I bind.' (F.)
 Ceinture.  A cincture.  A  girdle.   The  part of
the body,  situate below the  ribs, to which  the
girdle is applied.  The waist.
   Cin'gui.um Hilda'ni, Zo'nula Hilda'ni, (F.)
 Ceinture de lindane. A leathern girdle formerly
used for tho reduction of luxations and fractures
 of the extremities.
   Cin'gulum  Mercuria'le",  C. Sapien'tia,  C.
 Stultil'ia.  A woollen girdle, containing mercu-
rial ointment  It was used as an antisyphilitic,
 mid in diseases  of the skin. (F.) Ceinture de vif
 urgent.
   Cingulum Sancti Joannis, Artemisia vulgaris.
   C1NIS F.ECUM,  see Potash—c. Infectorius,
see  Potash.
   CINNABAR IS, Hydrargyri  sulphuretum ru-
brum— c. Griucorum, see  Calamus rotang.
   C1NNAA10AIUM,  Laurus  cinnamomum — c.
 Album, Canella alba—c. Aromaticum, see Laurus
cinnamomum—c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan—
c. Indicum, Laurus cassia — c. Magellanicum,
 Wintera aromattea—c. Malubaricum, Laurus cas-
sia— c. Zeylanicum, Laurus  cinnamomum.
  CINNAMON, see Laurus  cinnamomum — c.
Malabar. Laurus cassia — c. AVild, Laurus cassia.
  CINON'OSI, from xtvew, 'I move,' and voaos,
' a disease.'  Diseases of motion.
  CINOPLANE'SIS, from xivcw, 'I move,' and
nXavnas, 'a wandering about'   Irregularity of
motion.
  CINQUEFOIL,  Potentilla reptans—c. Marsh,
Comarum palustre — c. Norway, Potentilla Nor-
vegica.
  CTNZILLA, Herpes zoster.
  CION, Uvula.
  CI'ONIS.  The  U'vula.   Also, tumefaction, or
elongation of the uvula; Staphylodialysis.
  CIONI'TIS, from  xiovis, 'the uvula,' and itis,
'inflammation.'   Inflammation  of the  uvula,
Uvuli'tis.
  CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy.
  CIOT'OMY, Ciotom'iu,Cionot'omy,Cionotom'ia,
from xtwv, 'the uvula,' and ropn, 'incision.' Ex-
cision of the uvula when too long.
  CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot.
  CIRCjEA, Atropa mandragora,  Circasa Lute-
tiana.
  Circje'a Lutetia'na, Circa'a, Poris'ian Cir-
ca'a,  from Circe,  the enchantress; Enchant'ers'
Nightshade, (F.) Herbe de Saint Etienne, Herbe
anx Sorciers.  This plant, common in the vicinity
of Paris, was formerly considered to be resolvent
and vulnerary.  It was also supposed to possess
wonderful magical and enchanting  properties.
  CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster.
  CIRCLE, Circulus — c.  Ciliary, Ciliary liga-
ment— c. of AVillis, see Circulus.
  CIRCOCELE, Cirsocele.
   CIRCONCISION, Circumcision.
   CIRCONFLEXE, Circumflexus.
   CIRCOXSCRIT,  Circumscribed.
   CIRCONVOLUTION,  Convolution.
   CIRCUIT,  Circu'itug;  in  pathological lan-
guage, generally means 'period,' 'course.'
  CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit.
   CIR'CULAR,  Circula'ris, from circulus,  'a
circle.'   (F.)  Circulaire.   Having the form  of
a circle ; as Circular Amputation, Ac.
   The  French use the expression "Une circu-
laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part.
   Circular Sinus of Ridley, Sinus coronarius.
   CTRCULA'TION,  Circula'tio,  Cyelophor'ia,
Periodus san'guinis, from  circulus, 'a circle;' or
rather,  from circum, 'around,' and ferre,  latum,
'to carry.'  (F.) Circulation.  Physiologists give
this name to the motion of the blood through the
different vessels of the body—sanguimotion ;—to
that function,  by  which  the blood,  setting out
from the left ventricle of the heart, is distributed
to every part of the body by the arteries ; — pro-
ceeds into the veins, returns to the heart, enters
the right auricle, and passes into the correspond-
ing ventricle, which sends it into the pulmonary
artery to be  distributed to the lungs, whence it
issues by the pulmonary  veins, and passes into
the left auricle.  From this it is sent into  the left
ventricle, and is again distributed by means of
the arteries.
   Circulation, Cap'illary, C. des Parenchymes,
is that which takes place in the capillary vessels;
and is,  in some  measure, independent of the ac-
tion of the heart  See Capillary A'essels.
   Circulation, Pulmon'ic or lesser, is the  cir-
cle from the right  to the left side of the heart by
the lungs. — The  greater or  systematic  cr
system'ic, is that through  the rest of the system.
   CIRCULATOR. Charlatan.
   CIR'CULATORY, Circulato'rius;  same ety-
mon as circulation.  Relating  to the circulation
as of the blood;—sanguimo'tory.
   CIR'CULUS.  A  circle or ring; Cyclus, Ci' 
CIRCUAIAGENTE3            203             CIRSOAIPHALUS
rios, (F.) Cercle.  Any part of the body which is
round or annular, as Cir'culus Oc'uli—the globe,
bulb, or orb of the eye.—Hippocr., Galen.  It is,
also, applied  to objects, which by no means form
a circle, — as to the  Circle of Willis, Cir'culua
arterio'sua Willis'ii, which is an anastomotic circle
at the base of the brain, formed by the anterior
and the posterior cerebral arteries and the  com-
municating arteries of Willis.
  Circulus  Arterio'sus  I'ridis.   The artery
which runs round the iris, and forms a circle.
  Circulus Arteriosus AVillisii, Circle of AVil-
lis, see Circulus — c Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament.—
c. Membranosus, Hymen.
   Circulus  Quad'ruplex;  a kind of bandage
used by'the ancients.
  Circulus Tonsillaris.   A plexus formed by
the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharyngeal
nerve around the base of the tonsil.
  Circulus A^eno'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa, Vena seu
Sinua termina'lis.   The venous circle  in the em-
bryo, which bounds the Area Vasculosa or Vascu-
lar Area.
  CIRCUMAGENTES,  Oblique  muscles of the
eye.
  CIRCUMCAULALIS    MEMBRANA,  Con-
junctiva.
  CIRCUMCISIO,   Circumcision — c. Fosmina-
rum, see Circumcision.
   CIRCUA1CISTON,  Circumcis'io, Posthet'omy,
Pracis'io seu Abscis'io Prapu'tii, Circumcisu'ra,
Circumsec'tio, Per Home, from circum, 'around,'
and cadere, 'to cut'  (F.)  Circoncision. An an-
cient operation,  performed  by some nations as a
religious ceremony.  It consists in removing cir-
cularly a portion of the  prepuce of infants;—a
custom, which  was probably suggested with a
view to cleanliness.  In cases of extraordinary
length of prepuce, or when affected with disease,
the operation is sometimes undertaken by sur-
geons.  A similar operation is performed, amongst
the .^Egyptians, Arabians, and Persians, on the
female,  Circumcis'io foemina'rum, by removing a
portion of the nymphae, and at times the clitoris.
  CIRCUAICISURA, Circumcision.
  CIRCUAIDUCTIO, Perisphalsis.
  CIRCUAIDUCTIONIS  OPIFEX,   Obliquus
superior oculi.
  CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex'ua, from circum,
'around,'  and Jlexua.  'bent'  (F.) Circonflexe.
Curved  circularly.   A  name given  to several
organs.
  Circumflex or Artic'ular Ar'teries of the
arm are  distinguished into anterior  and poate-
rior.  They arise from the  axillary, and are dis-
tributed around the shoulder.
  Circumflex Arteries of the  Thigh are dis-
tinguished  into external and  internal,—A. Sous-
trochauteriennes — Ch.   They are given off  from
the Prof anda, and surround the head of the thigh
bone.
  Circumflex AIuscle, Circumflexus  Mua'culua,
Teneor Polu'ti, Periatophyli'nua exter'nua vel in-
ferior, Circumflex'us Pala'ti  Mollis, Sjjheno-sal-
pingo-staphyllnus  seu  Staphyllnua  exter'nua,
Mus'cuius tuba nova, Pala'to-salpingeus, Pter'-
ygo - staphylln us, Petro - aalpin'go - ataphyllnua,
Spheno - pter'ygo - pcdatl nua, Salpingo - staphyll-
una, (F.) Paloto-scilpingien.   A  muscle, which
arises from the  spinous process of the sphenoid
bone, and is  inserted into  the velum pendulum
palati.  Its use is to stretch the velum.
  Circumflex  Nerve.  This  arises  from  the
brachial  plexus  by a common trunk with  the
mnsculo-spiral nerve.  It divides into numerous
branches, which  are distributed to the deltoid.
  Circumflex Veins follow the arteries.
  CIRCUMFORANEUS, Charlatan.
  CIRCUAIFU'SA.   Halle  has thus  designated
the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene
— as atmosphere,  climate,  residence,  Ac; in
short, every thing which acts constantly on  man
externally and  generally.
  CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo.
  CIRCUAILICATURA, Paraphimosis.
  CIRCUMLIT"IO,  from circumlino, 'I anoint
all  over.'  Perich'risis,  Perichrie'ton.  A  term
formerly used  for liniments, but especially for
those applied to the eyelids.
  CIRCUMOSSALE, Periosteum.
  CIR'CUAISCRIBED, Circumecrip'tua, (F.)CVr-
conacrit.   A term applied, in pathology, to tu-
mours, which are distinct at their base from the
surrounding parts.
  CIRCUMSECTIO,  Circumcision.
  CIRCUAIVALLAT.E PAPILLA, see Papillas
of the Tongue.
  CIRE J A UNE ET BLANCHE,  Cera flava
et alba—c. dea Oreillea, Cerumen.
  CIRIOS, Circulus.
   CIRON, Acarus, Psora.
  CIRRHAGRA, Plica —c. Polonornm, Plica.
  CIRRHON'OSUS; from  xtppos, 'yellow,'  and
vooos, ' disease.'  A disease of the foetus, in which
there is a yellow coloration  of  the serous  mem-
branes.—Siebenhaar.
  CIRRHOSE DU FOIE, Cirrhosis.
  CIRRHO'SIS, Cirrhono'ais, Kirrhono'aia, from
xippos,  'yellow.'   A  yellow colouring matter,
sometimes secreted in  the  tissues, owing to a
morbid process.  Also, called Cirrho'sia or Kir-
rho'aia.
  Cirrho'sis Hep'atis, see  Hepatatrophia.
Gron'ulated, gran'ular,  mam'millated, tuber'cu-
lated, and hob-nailed liver, (F.) Cirrhoae du Foie.
It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the
terminal   extremities  of  the biliary  ducts with
bile, along with atrophy of  the intervening  pa-
renchyma.  Hence the liver is smaller in size, or
atrophied.
  Cirrhosis Hepatis, see Cirrhosis.
  Cirrhosis of the Lung, Cirrho'sia pulmo'num.
Dr.  Corrigan has described  a  condition of the
lung under this name, the general character of
which he considers to be a  tendency to consoli-
dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue,
with dilatation  of the  bronchial tubes.
  Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C.  of the Lung.
  CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE,  Car'duua hemorrho-
'ido'lis, Ceano'thos,  (F.)  Chardon hemorrhoidal.
A common plant, used in France in the form of
cataplasm  in   hemorrhoids;  and  worn as  an
amulet.
  CIRSIUM MACULATUM, Carduns marianus.
  CIRSOCE'LE, Circoce'le,  Cirsos'cheum, from
xipaos, 'varix,' and xnXn, 'hernia;' Var'icose Her'-
nia.   The greater part of authors have employed
the term  synonymously  with Varicocele.   Pott
gives it a different signification.  Varicocele, he
calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro-
tum ; Circocele,  Fnnic'ulua varico'aua, the vari-
cose dilatation of the spermatic veins. The scro-
tum  feels as  if  it contained earthworms.  It ia
commonly an  affection  of no consequence,  de-
manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage.
  CIRSOI'DES,  Cirao'dea, from  xipaos, 'varix,'
and eilos, ' resemblance.'  Varicose, or  resembling
a varix.  Rufus of Ephesus, according to James,
applies this  term to the upper part of the brain,
as well as to the spermatic vessels.
  CIRSOM'PHALUS, from xipaos,  ' varix,'  and
optpaXos, 'navel.'  A'aricose dilatation of the veins
surrounding the navel.  The term has, likewise,
been applied to the aneurismal dilatation of the
arteries of that region;  called also, Varicomph'-
alus, (F.)Hargneanevryamale, AneuriamalHernia. 
CIRSOPHTHALAIIA           205
  CIRSOPHTHAL'AIIA,  Cirsophthal'mua,  Te-
langiectasia oculi, from xipaos, ' varix,' and otp-
SaXpos,  ' the eye;' Var'icose ophthalmia, Oph-
thalmia varico'aa, Varicos'itas  conjunctiva.  A
high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels
of the conjunctiva are considerably injected.
  CIRSOSCHEUM,  Cirsocele.
  CIRSOT'OMY,  Cirsotom'ia, from xipaos, 'a
'varix,' and ropn, 'an incision.'  Any operation
for the removal of varices by incision.
  CIRSUS, A'arix.
  CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from  xipaos, 'va-
rix,' 'u<5uip,  'water,' oo-^tov,  the 'scrotum.'  Vari-
cocele with water in  the scrotum.
  CISEAUX, Scissors.
  CISSA, Malacia.
  CISSAMPELOS, Pareira brava.
  Cissam'pblos Capen'sis, Nat. Ord. Menisper-
maceas, grows in almost  every mountainous part
of the  Cape of Good Hope.  The root  is used
as an emetic and cathartic  by the Boers.
  CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus.
  CISSI'NUAI, from xiaaos, 'ivy.'  Name of a
plaster  of ivy, used  in wounds  of the  nerves or
tendons.—Paulus of iEgina.
  CISSOIDES, Capreolaris.
  CISSOS, Hedera helix.
  CISTERN,  LUMBAR, Receptaculum  chyli.
  CISTER'NA, from xiarn, (L.) Cista, ' a chest'
(F.) Citerne.   This  term has been applied to va-
rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs
for different fluids.   The fourth ventricle of the
brain has been so called.-<-Arantius.
  Cisterna Chyli, Receptaculum chyli.
  CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus.
  CISTOCELE, Cystocelc.
  CISTUS CANADENSIS, Helianthemum Ca-
nadensis.
  Cistus Cre'ticus, 0. aalvifo'liua seu tau'ricua,
Cia'thorua, Cis'sorus, Dorycin'ium,  Gum  Cistus.
Sex. Syst.  Polyandria Monogynia.   The syste-
matic name of the plant whence the  Labda'num,
Labda'men or Lada'num, Gum'mi Labda'num, is
obtained. Lada'num is a gum-resinous substance,
of a very agreeable  smell,  found in the shops in
great masses.  Its colour is  blackish-green; taste,
warm and bitter. It is but little used now. For-
merly,  it was a component of warm plasters, and
was prescribed internally as a stomachic.  Lada-
num is also obtained from Cistus ladanif'erus,
and C.  laurifo'lius.
  Cistus,  Gum, Cistus Creticus — c. Salvifolius,
C. Creticus—c Tauricus, C. Creticus.
  CITERNE LO MB AIRE, Receptaculum chyli.
  CITHARUS, Thorax.
  CITRAGO, Melissa.
  CITRARIA, Melissa.
  CITRAS CHINICUS, Quinias citras.
  C1TREA MALUS, see Citrus medica.
  CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus.
  CITRIC ACID, Acidum cilricum, Acid of Le-
mons,  Ac"idum Limo'num, (F.) Acide citrique.
This acid is found in the lemon, orange,  Ac.  It
is in rhomboidal prisms, which  slightly effloresce
on exposure to the air.   It dissolves  in a twelfth
part of its weight in boiling water,  and  has an
extremely  acid  but  agreeable taste.   It is  em-
ployed  in medicine as antiseptic, refrigerant  and
diuretic. Rubbed up with sugar and with a little
of the essence of lemon, it  forms the  dry  Lemon-
ade, (F.) Limonade slche.
  CITRINE OINTAIENT, Unguentum hydrar-
gyri nitratis.
  CITRON,  see Citrus medica—c. Tree, see  Ci-
trus medica,
  CITRONELLE,   Artemisia  abrotanum, Me-
lissa,
         14
9 .                CITRUS

  CITRUL,  SICILIAN, Cucurbita citrullug.
  CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus.
  Citrullus Ama'rus. An African plant, Nat.
 Ord.  Cucurbitaceas,  called by the Boers Bitter-
 appel or Wild Watermelon, the pulp  of which,
 like that of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic
  Citrullus Colocynthis, Cucumis  colocynthis.
  CITRUS,  see  Citrus medica—c. Acida,  see
 Lime.
  Citrus Auran'tium.  The systematic name of
 the  Orange  Tree, Auran'tium,  A.  Hispalen'se,
 Mains Auran'tia Major, Malus Auran'tia, Auran'-
 tium vulga're, Malus Auran'tia vulga'ris, Citrus
 vulga'ria.  Nat.  Ord.  Aurantiaceas.   Sex. Syat.
 Polyadelphia Icosandria.  The  fruit are called
 Mala Au'rea, Chryeome'lia, Neran'tia, Martia'na
 Poma, Poma Auran'tia, Auran'tia Curassav'ica,
 Poma Chinen'sia, Oranges.   The Flowere of the
 Orange, Florea Napha, are highly  odoriferous,
 and used  as  a perfume.   On distillation, they
 yield a small quantity of essential oil — O'leum
 Auran'tii,  Oleum vel Essen'tia  Nero'li, — with
 spirit  and water, the  Aqua Florv.m Auran'tii,
 Aqua aurantii, Orange-flower water.   They were
 once used in convulsive and epileptic cases.  The
 leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish taste,
 and furnish  an  essential  oil.  They have been
 used  for the same purposes as the flowers.   The
 yellow rind of the fruit, Cortex Auran'tii, Orange
 Peel, is an aromatic bitter, and is used in dys-
 pepsia, and where that class of remedies is re-
 quired.  The Juice,  Succus Auran'tii,  Orange
 juice, is a grateful acid, and used as a beverage
 in febrile and scorbutic affections.
   Citrus Behgamia, Citrus melia rosa — c.  Li-
 metta, see  Citrus melia rosa.
   Citrus Med'ica, C. Limo'num. The systematic
 name of the Lemon Tree.  The Lemon, Limo'num
 malum, Limo'num Bacca,  Malus Med'ica, Malus
 Limo'nia Ae"ida, Limon, Cit'rea Malus, Citrus,
 (F.) Citron, Ccdrat, has a fragrant odour, depend-
 ing upon the essential oil, O'leum Limo'nia, of
 the rind.   The  outer rind, Cortex Limo'num,
 Lemon Peel, Zeat, Flave'do Corticum Citri, is used
 in the same eases as the Cortex Auran'tii.
   The juice, Succue Limo'nia, (F.) Sue du Limon,
 Sue de Citron, is sharp, but gratefully acid,  the
 acidity depending upon the citric acid it con-
 tains,  and is given  as a refrigerant beverage
 in febrile affections.   In doses of half an ounce
 to  an  ounce, three times a  day, it has appeared
 to  exert a markedly  sedative  influence on  the
 circulation, and has been given,  apparently with
 benefit, in acute rheumatism and rheumatio gout.
 Alone, or combined with wine, it is prescribed in
 scurvy, putrid sore throat, Ac.   Its  general pro-
 perties are refrigerant and antiseptic. Sweetened
 and diluted, it forms Lemonade. Artificial lemon-
 juice is made by dissolving an ounce of citric aeid
 in  fourteen fluidounces of water; adding a few
 drops of essence of lemon.
  Lemonpeel tea, or water, is made by paring  the
 rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an
 ounce of augar:  the peelings and sugar are then
 put into a jar,  and a quart of  boiling water is
 poured over them.  AVhen cold, the fluid must be
 poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice ba
 added.
   It is an agreeable drink in fevers.
   Cit'ron Tree is likewise, considered to belong
 to the same species — Cit'rua Med'ica.  Its fruit
 is called cedrome'la.   It is larger and less succu-
 lent than the lemon.   Citron juice, when sweet-
 ened with  sugar, is  called by the Italians Agro
 di  Cedro.
   Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, another 
10                 CLAVUS
                   CITTA                 2

variety of Citrus Medica, affords the Bergamote,
as also do Citrus Limct'ta and C. Berga'mia.
  Citrus A'ulgaris, Citrus aurantium.
  CITTA, Malacia.
  CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS  OF. These
springs  are in the Isle of  Ischia, near the sea.
They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and
chloride of sodium.  Their  temperature  is 100°
Fahrenheit.
  CITTOS, Hedera helix.
  CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia,
  CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. An
unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating odour,
obtained from different mammalia of the Viver'ra
kind, particularly  from Viver'ra civet'ta.  It  is
contained  in a fold of  the  skin, situate between
the anus and the organs of generation.
  CLABBER, Bonnyclabber.
  CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum.
  CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague.
  CLADISCOS, Ramusculus.
  CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus.
  Clado'nia Rangifer'rina.  The ancients re-
garded this European plant as pectoral and sto-
machic.   It enters into the composition of the
Poudrede Chypre.
  CLADOS, Ramus.
  CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA, Virgil'ia, Yel-
low Ash, Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust.  An indi-
genous tree, which flourishes from Kentucky  to
Alabama.  The bark of the tree  and the roots
are cathartic.
  CLAIRET, Claret.
  CLAIR VO YANCE  (F.), ' Clear-seeing.'   A
clearness of sight, said  to be communicated by
animal magnetism, which not  only enables the
magnetized persons to see in the dark, through
stone walls, Ac, but even to observe prospects,
whilst he may fancy he is flying in the air, which
he  has  never seen  previously.  It need hardly
be said, that the possession of such powers  is
fabulous.
  CLAMMY  WEED, Polanisea graveolens.
  CLAMOR,  Cry.
  CLANGOR, Oxyphonia.
  CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura.
  CLAPIER (F.),  A clapper, Latib'ulum, from
xXcitrctv, 'to conceal.'  A purulent foyer of dis-
ease ; concealed in the  flesh or under the skin.
See Sinus.
  CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana.
  CLAQUEMENT, Odontosynerismus.
  CLAR'ET,  (Vinclair\_?]), Clare'turn,  Vin  de
Bordeaux, (F.) Clairet.   A pleasant French wine,
which may be used whenever wine  is required.
Also, a wine impregnated with spice  and sugar,
called likewise Vinum Hippocral icum seu Medi-
ca'tum, Potus Hippocral icua, Hip'pocraa, Hyp'-
pocraa.  Schroder speaks of a Clare'turn alteram,
and a C. purgans.
  CLARETA, Albumen ovi.
  CLARETUM,  Claret
  CLARIFICATION,  Clarifica'tio,Depura'tion,
from clarue, 'clear,' and facio, 'I make.'  A phar-
maceutical operation, which  consists in separating
from a liquid every insoluble substance, held  in
suspension by it, that affects  its  transparency.
Decanting and filtering are the operations neces-
lary for this purpose.
  CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea.
  CLASIS, Fracture.
  CLASAIA, Fracture.
  CLASS, Glaa'sis, (F.) Claaae.  An assemblage
of a certain number of objects.   In Natural Hia-
tory and in Medicine, a group of objects  or indi-
viduals  having one or more common  characters.
The classes are divided into orders,  the orders
into genera, the genera into species, and these last
into varieties.
  CLASSIFICATION, Clasaifica'tio, from classis,
'a class,' and facio, 'I make.'  The  formation of
classes. A methodical distribution of any objects
whatever into  classes, orders, genera, species, and
varieties.  See Nosography, and Nosology.
  CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Classy
is  near Laon  in  Picardy, France.  The waters
are chalybeate.
  CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication — c.  Anatica,
Vacillatio.
  CLAUDICATION, Claudica'tio,  from clandi-
care, 'to be lame.'  The act of halting or limp-
ing. Lameness,  Clau'ditas, Cholo'sis,  Cholei'a,
Cholo'ma, (F.) Claudication,  Boitement.   This
condition does not constitute any special disease,
but is produced by different causes or affections.
It may be the  result of the shortening or elonga-
tion of one  of the  lower limbs, of ankylosis  of
the joints, palsy of the muscles, pain, Ac.
  CLAUDITAS, Claudication.
  CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the
fauces — c. Palati, Velum  pendulum palati — c.
Virginitatis, Hymen.
  CLAUSU'RA, from claudere,  'to shut' An
imperforation of any canal or cavity.
  Clausu'ra  Uteri. Preternatural imperfora-
tion of the uterus.
  CLAVA MYOSA, Acorus calamus.
   CLAVALIER  A FEUILLES DE FRENE,
Xanthoxylum  clava Herculis.
  CLAVA'RIA CORALLOI'DES,  Coralldides
Fungus, Coralwort.   Said to be corroborant and
astringent. A kind of clavaria, called (F.) Digital
blanc, Digital  humain, Champignon de lappareil
des fractures, formed of digitations,  grouped to-
gether, and two or three inches in length, is said
to  have been  often found, formerly  at the Hotel
Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white wood used in
the treatment of fractures, in autumn.—H. Cloquet.
  CLAVATIO, Gdmphosis.
  CLAVEAU, Murr.
  CLA VELEE, Murr.
  CLAVES  CALVARLE, Wormiana Ossa.
  CLAVICLE,  Clavic'ula, Clavie,  Clavic'idus,
Lig'ula, Fur'cula,  Oa Jug'uli, Jug'ulum,  Cleis,
Cleldion, from  clovia,  'a key,'  (F.) Clavicnle.
The collar-bone.   The clavicle  is shaped like the
letter S, and is placed transversely  at the upper
part of the thorax.   It is articulated, at one ex-
tremity, with the sternum;  at the other with the
acromion process of the scapula. It gives attach-
ment, above, to the Sterno-cleido maetoideua; be-
low, to the Subclaviua; before, to the Pectoralia
major and Deltoidea ; and  behind, to the Trape-
ziua.   It  serves as a point of support for the
muscles of the arm, and protects the vessels and
nerves passing to that extremity.
  The  fibres, connecting the lamellae or  plates  of
bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or Nails.
  CLAVICULAR, Clavicula'rie; same etymon.
Relating to the clavicle or collar-bone.
  Clavicular Nerves, Nervi clavicula'rea.
Branches of the fourth cervical'nerve, which are
distributed to the clavicular region.
   CLAV1CULE, Clavicle.
  CLAVICULI, see Clavicle.
  CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key—c  Anglica,  Key.
  CLAVUS.   A  nail.   Heloa,  Gomphoa, (F.)
Clou.   This word  is employed in  medicine  in
various senses.  It means, 1.  A Corn, from  its
resemblance to the head of a nail.  2. Certain
condylomatous excrescences of the uterus.  3. A
callous tumour, which forms on the  white of the
eye, and resembles a nail, the Clavua Oc'uli, (F.)
Clou de I'ceil.  This last, by some, is considered 
                CLEANSINGS

to be  synonymous with staphyloma;  by others,
with staphyloma of the cornea.  Also, the penis.
  Cl.AVUS  Hystericus, Monopa'gia,  Monope'-
gia, (F.) Clou hyatf.rique.  An  acute pain, con-
fined to a small point of  the head, described  by
the sick as resembling that which would be pro-
duced  by a nail driven  into the head.  It has
been particularly noticed in hysterical females;—
hence its name.  It is called  Ovum hyster'icum,
when the pain occupies a greater extent.
  Clavcs Secalinus, Ergot—c. Secalis, Ergot—
c. Siliginis, Ergot.
  CLEANSINGS, Lochia.
  CLEAR-SEEING,  Clairvoyance.
  CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila.
  CLEAVAGE; from Anglo-Saxon cleojran, 'to
split'  The natural line  of separation  exhibited
by  certain  substances, as minerals, when sub-
jected to mechanical force.  The term has been
applied to the separation of muscles into longitu-
dinal and circular strias, when mechanical violence
is used.
  CLEAVERS, Galium aparine.
  Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine.
  CLFAVEWORT, Galium verum.
  CLEF DU CRANE,  Wormianum os — c. de
Garcngcot,  Key—c. d  Noix, see Key—c. d Pivot,
see Key—c. d Pompe, see Key.
  CLEFT, Rima,  see Monster — c.  Palate, see
Harelip.
  CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra.
  CLEIDION, Clavicle.
  CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavicular.
 _ CLEl'DO-xAlASTOPDEUS.   Albinus thus de-
signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido-
mastoidcus, which he considers a separate muscle.
It has been corrupted into clino-maeto'ideus.
  CLE IS, Clavicle, Key.
  CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'agra,  from  xXets, 'the
clavicle,' and aypa,  ' a  seizure.'  Gout in the
clavicle.—A. Pare.
  CLEMATIS  DAPHNOIDES MAJOR, Vinca
minor—c Corynibosa, C. erecta.
  Clem'atis  Erect'a,  C.  recta seu flam'mula
seu  corymbo'sa, Clematitis erec'ta, Flam'mula
Jon's,  Upright  Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite
droite.   Family, Ranunculaceas.  Sex. Syst. Po-
lyandria Polygynia.  The leaves contain an acrid
principle.  They have been esteemed anti-vene-
real ; and, in the form of powder, have been used
as an escharotic.
  Clematis Flammula, C. erecta—c. Recta, C.
erecta—c Sepium, c.  Vitalba.
  Clematis A'ital'ba, C. se'pium seu  sylves'tris,
 Vilal'ba, Vior'na,  Atra'gene,  Traveller's Joy,
Common Virgin's Bower, (F.)  Clematite,  Herbe
aux guenx,  Aubevigne.  It has been used in the
same cases  as  the former.  In infusion  it has
been applied in cases of itch.
  The leaves of Clematis Crispa—c. Flammula,
sivcet-scented   Virgin's  bower—c VlRGIN'lCA,
common  Virgin's bower — and  c Viorna, Lea-
ther-flou-er, have similar properties.
  CLEMATITE,  Clematis  vitalba—c. Droite,
Clematis recta.
  Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta.
  CLEO'NIS  COLLYR'IUM.   A collyrium de-
scribed by Celsus, composed  of equal  parts of
Samian earth, myrrh, and thus, mixed with white
of egg.
  Cleonis  Gluten.  An astringent formula of
myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg.
  OLEP'SYDRA,  from xXcitrw, 'I conceal,' and
'vlwp, ' water.'  An instrument contrived by Pa-
racelsus to  convey fumigation to the uterus.
  CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania,
  CLEVES,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.  This
1                 CLIMATE

spring is  a quarter of a league  from Cleves, in
AVestphalia.  It contains carbonate and sulphate
of iron.
  CLIFFORT'IA  ILICIFO'LIA.   Nat.  Ord.
Rosaceas.   A common South African plant, used
by the Boers as an emollient expectorant in ca-
tarrh.
  CLIFTON,  CLIA1ATE OF.   The vicinity of
Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to be
the mildest and driest climate  in  the  west of
England;  and, consequently, the best winter re-
sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids.
It is, also, a favourable summer climate, and is
surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re-
sort, suited for those  who may pass the season
there.
  For the  mineral waters of Clifton, see  Bristol
Hot Well.
  0L1GXEMEXT, Nictation, Scardamygmus.
  CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation.
  CLIAIA, Climate.
  CLIMACTERIC,  Climacter'icus,  Climater'i-
cus, from xXt/iaxrnp, 'a step.'  (F.) Climacterique
ou Climaterique.  A word, which properly signi-
fies 'by degrees.'   It  has been applied to certain
times of life, regarded to be  critical.
  At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly ap-
plied  to certain periods of  life,  at which great
changes Occur, independently of any numerical
estimate of years.   Such  are the period of pu-
berty in both sexes : that of the  cessation of the
menses in women, Ac.
  Climacteric Years, Anni Climacter'id,  are,
according  to  some, all those in  the life of man,
which are  multiples of the number 7, Septen'ni-
ads.  Others  have applied the term to years, re-
sulting from  the  multiplication of 7 by an  odd
number.    Some have admitted  only three  cli-
macterics; others, again, have extended them to
multiples of 9.  Most, however, have considered
the 63d year  as the   Grand Climacteric; — 63
being the  product of  the multiplication of 7 by
9, and all have thought that the  period of three,
seven, or nine, which  they respectively adopted,
was necessary to the entire renewal of the body;
so that there was, at these times, in the economy,
none of the parts of which it had previously con-
sisted.  The climacteric  years  have  also  been
culled, (Anni) hebdomad'id, scala'res, grada'rii,
scan'siles,  genethliaci,  natalil'ii, fata'les, crit'ici,
decreto'rii, hero'ici, Ac.  All the notions on the
subject are essentially allied to  the doctrine of
numbers of Pythagoras.
  CLIA1ATE, Clima,  Incllna'tio cceli, (F.)  Cli-
mat, Gr.  xXipa, 'a  region.'   In  geograpl^', the
word climate  is applied to a space on the terres-
trial globe, comprised  between two circles paral-
lel to the  equator, and arbitrarily  measured ac-
cording to the length  of the  days.  In a hygienic
point of view, we  understand by climate, since
Hippocrates,  a country or  region, which  may
differ from another in  respect to season, qualities
of the soil, heat of atmosphere, Ac   Climate, in-
deed, embraces, in a general manner, all the
physical circumstances belonging to each region
— circumstances which exert considerable influ-
ence  on  living beings.  The  dark complexion
of the inhabitants  of the torrid zone is  easily
distinguishable from  the paleness of those  of
the frigid, —so are the diseases.  They  are all
modified,  more or less, by  climate or locality.
Hot climates predispose to abdominal complica-
tions  in febrile affections; cold  climates to tho-
racic, Ac.
  One of the most important considerations with
regard to climates is their comparative fitness for
the residence of invalids, and especially of those
2 
CLIMATE
212
CLIMATE
who are liable to, or suffering under catarrhal or
consumptive  affections.   The great  object,  in
such cases, is  to  select a climate which will ad-
mit of regular  and daily exercise in the open air,
so that the invalid  may derive every  advantage
which this form of revulsion is capable of effect-
ing. To an inhabitant of the northern and mid-
dle portions of the United  States—and the same
applies to Great Britain, France, and the  north-
ern parts of the old world—a more southern cli-
mate alone affords these advantages in an  emi-
nent degree.   During the summer months, there
are few, if any, diseases, which require a milder
climate than that of the United States, or of the
milder districts of*Europe.   The temperature of
the winter months is, consequently, the most im-
portant  object of attention.  Equability of  tem-
perature  is  essential,  inasmuch  as all  sudden
changes  interfere with the  great desideratum —
exercise in the open air.  In the whole continent
of North America the changes are very sudden
and extensive.  It is not uncommon for the range
to be 40°, between two successive days.   So far,
therefore, as this applies, the American climate
is not  well adapted  to the  invalid.  In  the
southern portions, however, of the Union, this
objection  is counterbalanced  by many advan-
tages.
  The following tables exhibit the mean tempe-
rature of the year, and of the different seasons—■
with the mean temperature of the warmest and
coldest months at different places in  America,
Europe, Africa, Ac, as deduced from  the excel-
lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines,
the Meteorological Registers kept by the surgeons
of the United States army, the work of Sir James
Clark on Climate, Ac.
  Certain of the tables show the mean monthly
temperature, maximum,  minimum and  range, as
well as the •greatest daily, and  mean daily range
during the corresponding months — but of diffe-
rent years—at some of the prominent retreats for
the valetudinarian in Great Britain, on the  con-
tinent of Europe, and in the African islands. It
is proper, however, to remark, that  in  no situa-
tions, except in those to which  an asterisk is
affixed, was the register thermometer used.  In
the others, the observations were made  during
the day  only,  and  consequently  the  numbers
given are far  below the real  range throughout
the twenty four hours. The places are ranged in
the order of their mean temperature.
Table of		Maximum		, Minimum, and Range					of Tempi		RATURE.				
Places.	December.			January.			February.			March.			April.		
	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Rang,
	54 56 56 57 59 60 61 68	25 34 25 32 40 31 34 52	29 22 31 25 19 29 27 16	47 54 56 53 58 58 58 69	21 28 21 27 27 29 29 50	26 26 35 26 31 29 29 19	52 55 60 55, 58 60 60 68	27 33 35 30 37 33 31 51	25 22 25 25 21 27 29 17	56 59 65 58 65 65 69 69	26 34 35 35 41 37 38 51	30 25 30 23 24 28 31 18	60 62 71 64 69 74 78 72	31 36 43 41 46 44 43 55	29 26 28 23 23 30 35 17
															
Pau................															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Tarle of Mean Temperature.
Places.	December.	January.	February.	March.	Atril.
	43 .00 46 .50 41 .53 46 .00 48.60 49.62 50 .50 60 50	36.30 43 .00 38 .89 42 . 00 45 .85 47.65 46.50 59 . 50	42 .00 44 .50 44 .96 45 .00 49 .00 49 .45 48.50 58 . 50	45 .00 46 .50 46.80 47 .00 51 .45 52 .05 52 .00 61 .06	51 .00 48.50 55 .79 53 .00 57 .00 56 .40 57 .00 62.50
					
Pau................					
					
					
					
					
					
					
Table of Daily Range of Temperature.
Places.
Sidmouth..
Penzance..
Pau.......
MontpelUer
Nice......
Rome.....
Naples
Madeira*..
December.		January.		February.		March.		April.	
	>.		^		x				.„
>.									
■s a	-£ bo	■8 bo		•^S)	~ W)	•s &	~i	■3 u	" g,
									
									
									
									
	a		o				a		
	13		13		12		12		13
3		4		6		8		9	
7	13	7	16	9	16	9	17	8	18
9		8		9		14		14	
6	14	8	16	9	18	9	17	11	18
9	15	11	16	10	18	12	19	13	20
9	13	9	14	11	19	11	18	14	20
11	14	11	17	9	13	10	14	9	13
 
CLIMATE
213
CLIMATE
1.  AMERICA, Ac.
Places.
Latitude.
Mean tem-
perature of
years.
Mean temperature of different sea
Mean temperature of j
Winter
Spring.   Summer.   Autumn.
War
onth.
Nain..............
Fort Brady, Mich...
Quebec, L. C.......
Eastpurt,  Me.......
Fort Ifiward, Mich.
Fort Crawford, Miss.
Cambridge, Mass....
Council Bluffs, Miss.
Newport, R.I.......
Philadelphia.......
Now York.........
Cincinnati.........
Muuticello, Va......
Washington, D. C .
Smithville, N. C. ...
Charleston. S. C.....
Nati-lie/,, Miss......
Pensacola, Flor.....
St. Augustine,  do-..
Tampa Bay,    do...
Vera Cruz.
Havana ..
Bahamas
Barbadoes
Cumana ..
57°.08'
46 .39
46. 47
44 .54
41 .40
■13 .03
42 .21
41 .25
41 .30
39 .56
40 .40
39 .06
37 .58
38 .53
34 .00
32 .47
31 .34
30 .28
29 .48
27 .57

19 .11
23 .10
26 .40
  to
27 .5
13 .10
10 .27
26°.42'
41 .37
41 .74
42 .44
44 .50
45 .52
50 .36
50 .82
51. .02
53 .42
53 .78
53 .78
55 .40
55 .56*
58 .88
60 .18
64 .76
68 .77+
72 .23
72 .37

77 .72
78 .08

78 .3*

79 .3
81 .86
 0°.60
14 .09
14 .18
23 .44
20 .82
23 .76
33 .98
27 .38
33 .82
32 .18
29 .84
32 .90
37 .67
36 .80
53 .44
51 .09
48 .56
55 .13
59 .29
61 .24

71 .96
71 .24

71.

76 .7
80 .24
23°.60
37 .89
38 .04
38 .58
41 .40
43 .09
47 .66
46 .38
46 .87
51 .44
51 .26
54 .14
54 .67
53 .83
64 .76
66 .73
65 .48
69 .67
71 .47
72 .93

77 .90
78 .98

77.

19.
83 .66
48°.38
61 .83
68 .00
60 .54
68 .70
69 .78
70 .70
72 .84
68 .70
73 .94
79 .16
72 .86
73 .33
75 .90
80 .46
80 .89
79 .16
82 .57
82 .73
80 .14

81.50
83 .30

83.

81.
82 .04
33°.44
43 .94
46 .04
45 .43
45 .18
46 .74
49 .82
48 .60
53 .83
56 .48
54 .50
54 .86
56 .50
56 .59
68 .15
67 .55
66 .02
69 .05
75 .15
75 .26

78 .62
78 .98

80.

80.
80 .24
51°.80
62 .87
73 .40
63 .52
73 .67
71 .34
72 .86
75 .92
71 .46
77 .00
80 .78
74 .30
75 .00
79 .13
82 .93
82 .81
79 .70
83 .55
83 .94
80 .72

81 .86
83 .84

90.


84 .38
11°.20
12 .65
13 .81
20 .91
17 .95
20 .14
29 .84
27 .19
32 .14
32 .72
25 .34
30 .20
36 .00
34 .66
50 .69
49 .43
46 .94*
53 .80
56 .60
58 .70

71 .06
69 .98

64.


79 .16
St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38° 40'.  Mean temp. 55° .80.   New Harmony. Lat. 38° 11'.  Mean temp. 50° .74
New Orleans, Lat. 30°.  Mean temp. 6'J° .01.  Baton Rouge, Lat. 30° .20'.  Mean temp. 08° .U7.      »
Jamaica, coast, Mean  temp. 80° .0.
2.  EUROPE, AFRICA, Ac.
Latitude.
Mean tem-
perature of
 several
  years.
Mean temperature of different seasons.
Winter.
Spring.   Summer.
Autumn
Mean temperature of
nth.
Geneva..........
Gosport..........
Newport, Isle of Wight
Sidmouth........
Penzance........
Undercliff.......
Hastings........
Bute .'...........
Cove of Cork.....
Jersey...........
Paris......
Pan.......
Sienna
Nantes
Bordeaux..
Montpellier .
Avignon...
Florence ...
Nice.......
Marseilles  .,
Toulon----
Leghorn...
Genoa......
Pisa......
Home.............
N'M>1«............
St. Michaels, Azores.
Cadiz.............
 Madeira, Funchal...
I Algiers............■
! Canaries,  Santa Cruz.
 Cairo...............
48°.12'
48  .1
50  .40

52  .11

50  .52
55  .42
51  .54
49  .13
48  .50
43  .7
43  .24
47  .13
44  .50
43  .36

43  .46
43  .42
43  .17
43  .07
43  .33
44  .25
43  .43
41  .53
40  .54
37  .47
36  .32

32  .37
36  .48
2S  .28
30  .02
49°.2S
50 .24*
51 .00
52 .10
51 .80
51 .11
57 .00
48 .25
51 .58
53 .06
51 .OS
54 .95
55 .60
55 .62+
56 .48
57 .60
58 .20
59 .00
59 .48
59 .50}
59 .90
60 .00?
60 .37
60 .60
60 .40
61 .40
62 .40
62 .88

64 .56
69 .98
70 .94
72 .32
34°.70
40 .44
40 .31
40 .43
44 .03
42 .14
40 .11
39 .62
43 .90
43 .82
38 .66
41 .79
40 .50
42 .23
42 .08
44 .20
42 .60
44 .30
47 .82
45 .50
43 .30
46 .30
44 .57
46 .03
45 .86
48 .50
57 .83
52 .90

59 .50
61 .52.
64 .65
58 .46
47°.66
47 .63
49 .00
50 .66
49 .63
29 .26
45 .77
46 .66
49 .43
50 .97
49 .28
54 .96
54 .10
53 .10
56 .46
53 .33
57 .13
56 .00
56 .23
57 .56
53 .70
57 .60
5S .60
57 .20
57 .74
58 .50
61 .17
59 .53

62 .20
65 .66
58 .87
73 .58
64°.94
62  .00
63  .09
63  .83
60  .70
60  .28
60  .45
58  .02
61  .26
62  .84
64  .58
67  .41
70  .80
70  .73
70  .88
71  .30
74  .66
74  .00
72  .26
72  .50
74  .30
74  .10
74  .03
75  .15
75  .20
70  .83
68  .33
70  .43

69  .33
80  .24
76  .68
85  .10
50°.00
50  .88
51  .63
53  .50
53  .36
52  .76
51  .00
48  .59
51  .73
54  .63
51  .44
55  .64
57  .10
56  .41
56  .30
61  .30
59  .00
60  .70
61  .63
60  .08
59  .00
62  .00
62  .94
62  .80
62  .78
64  .50
62  .33
65  .35

67  .23
72  .50
74  .17
71  .42
66°.56
65 .30
70 .52
73 .04
77 .00
I.oikI.mi, Lat 51° .30'.  M.'an temp. 50° .36. ,
lYipuriiun. M.au temp. ,V.l°  .54.
Nisnies. Mean temp, till0 .-ii'i.
Environs (if London. Mean temp. 48° .81.
Lyons, Mean temp. 55° .76.
34°.16
36 .14
39 .02
41 .00
42 .26
82 .76  60 .08

85 .82 I 56 .12 
CLIMATERIC               21
  In the United States, the most favourable  re-
gion for the phthisical invalid is that of Florida,
—especially of Pensacola.  St.  Augustine is fre-
quently chosen, but  it is liable  to  north-east
storms, which interfere with the out-door move-
ments  of the valetudinarian, and are  the source
of much discomfort.  Still, great benefit has often
been derived from it as a winter retreat.   Of  the
Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted
for  the  consumptive, and those  affected with
chronic bronchitis.   In Italy, Rome, and Pisa,—
and in England, Torquay and  Undercliff, are to
be preferred.  Chronic rheumatism and gout  are
benefited by a warm climate, which, again, is un-
favourable to those who are predisposed to cere-
bral diseases, especially to such  as are  charac-
terized by debility and mobility of the nervous
system—as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, Ac.  Hypo-
chondriasis and dyspepsia require rather change
of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn
in any one.  (See the Author's Human  Health,
Philad. 1844.)
  For the mortality of different  countries and
cities,  see Mortality.
  CLIMATERIC, Climacteric.
  CLIMATIC,  Climat'icus.   Belonging to, or
dependent upon climate.
  Climatic Diseases, Morbi clwiat'ici, are such
as are caused by climate.
  CLIMBER,  WOODY, Ampelopsis quinque-
folia.
  CLINE, xXtvn, 'a bed.'   Hence:
  CLINIATER, Clinical physician.
  CLINIATRIA, Clinical medicine.
  CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician.
  CLINIC, see Clinique.
  CLINICA, Clinical medicine.
  CLIN'ICAL,  Clin'icus, (F.) Clinique, from
xXtvn, 'a bed.'  Relating to a bed.
  Clinical Lecture, (F.) Lecon Clinique.  One
given  at the bed-side, or on  a particular case or
cases.
  Clinical Med'icine, Cliniatri'a, CUn'ica,Clin'-
ice, (F.) Medecine clinique.  That which is occu-
pied with  the investigation  of diseases  at  the
bed-side, or individually.
  Clinical Physician,  Clinia'ter,  Clinia'trus.
One who teaches clinical medicine.
  CLINIOE, Clinical medicine.
  CLINICUM, Clinique.
  CLINIQUE(F.), Clinical.  Clinique,Clin'icum,
is also used substantively, for Ecole Clinique or
Clinical School: a school in which medicine is
taught by examining diseases  on the patients
themselves. Thus, the French say,—La Clinique
de la Charite : " The Clinical School of the Hos-
pital  La Charite."  The term  has been  intro-
duced into this country, and anglicised  Clinic.
  CLINODES, Clinoid.
  CLINOID,  Glindi'des,  Olino'dea, Clino'i'deua,
from  (cAiii77, 'a bed,' and  tilos, 'form.'   Resem-
bling a bed.
  Clinoid Proc"esses, (F.) Apophyaea clino'idea,
are four processes at the  upper surface of  the
sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the
posts  of a  bed.  On them the pituitary  gland
rests.  They are divided into anterior and poste-
rior.   Each of the anterior terminates in a point
called Transverse Spinous Process.
  CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid.
  CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastiehina.
  CLINOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C. vulgare —
c. Majus, C. vulgare.
  Clinopo'dium Vulga're, from  xXtvn, 'a bed,'
and irovs, ' foot,' so called from the shape of its
flowers,  Clinopodium arven'ae  seu majua,  Oc"y-
mum  aylveatre, Thymus sylvat'icus, Wild Basil,
(F.) Grand Basilic sauvage.  A European plant,
4                  CLONUS
which was formerly considered to he an antidote
to the  bites of venomous  animals, to facilitate
labour, relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea,  Ac.
  CLIQUETIS, Crepitation.
  CLISEOM'ETER,  Clieiom'eter,  from  xXitrts,
'inclination,' and  ptrpov,  'a measure.'  An  in-
strument, intended to measure the degree of in-
clination of the pelvis and to determine the rela-
tion between the  axis of  the pelvis and that of
the body.—Osiander, Stein.
  CLITBUR, Arctium lappa.
  CLITORICARCINO'MA,  from  xXciropis, ' cli-
toris,' and  xapxtvwpa, 'cancer.'   Cancer of  tho
clitoris.
  CLITORIDES  INFERIORES   LATI   ET
PL ANI  MUSCULI, Constrictores eunni.
  CLIT'ORIS, from xXnrwp,  'a servant who in-
vites guests.' (?)  Dulce'do Amor'ia, Venua, Myr-
ton, Murton, Murtum, QSatrum, Penia  mulie'bria
seu fcemineua,  Men'tula  mulie'bria,  Membrnm
mulie'bre, Superla'bia,  Cerco'aia,  Hypoder'mis,
Nympha, Nymphe, Epider'rhia, Libi'dinia Sedcs,
Tunic'ula, Crista.  A small, round organ, situate
at the upper part of the vulva, and separated by
a small space  from the anterior  commissure of
the labia. Its base is surrounded by a slight fold,
similar to the  prepuce; and it is, internally, of
the same structure as the corpora cavernosa penia.
The artery of the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne, is
a branch of  the internal pudic.  The vein com-
municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve
with the pudic.
  CLIT'ORISM, Clitoria'mus. A word, invented
to express the abuse made of the  clitoris.  Also,
an unusually large clitoris, Cerco'aia extern'a seu
Clitor'idia, Caudtltio.
  CLITORI'TIS, Clitoriti'tie, from xXciropis,
'clitoris,' and itia, 'denoting inflammation.'  In-
flammation of the  clitoris.
  CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis.
  CLITORIUM, Vulva.
  CLOA'CA, (F.)  Clooque, from xXvc^w, 'I wash.'
The pouch at the extremity of the intestinal  ca-
nal, in  which the solid and liquid excretions are
commingled in birds, fish and reptiles.  In the
male, it gives exit to the excrements, sperm  and
urine :  in the female, to the eggs, faecal matters,
and urine.
  CLOANX, Orpiment.
  CLOAQUE, Cloaca.
  CLOCHE,  (F.)   A  popular expression in
France for a blister or other vesicle.
  CLOISON, Septum — c. dea Foaaea naaalea,
Septum  narium — c.  Tranaparente,  Septum  lu-
cidum.
  CLONIC, Clon'ieua, from xXovos, 'agitation,'
'motion.' (F.)  Clonique.   Irregular convulsive
motions.  Convulsion with alternate relaxation ;
in contradistinction to tonic, which signifies a
constant rigidity;—Clonua, Clon'ici partia'lee.
  Clonic Spasm, see Spasm.
  CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus.
   CLONIQUE, Clonic.
  CLONIS, Sacrum.
  CLONISM, Clonia'mua ; same etymon.  Clonic
spasm.—Baumes.
  CLONO'DES,  from  xXovos, 'agitation,'  and
tilos, 'resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen applies
this term to the  pulse, when convulsive, as it
were, and unequal.  He compares the sensation
it communicates to the finger to that produced
by a bundle of sticks or rods in vibration.
  CLONOS EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy — c.  Hydro-
phobia, Hydrophobia,
  CLONUS, Synclonus — c. Nictitatio, Nictation
—c. Palpitatio, Palpitation—c. Pandiculatio, Pan-
diculation—c. Pandiculatio maxillarum, Yawning 
CLOPEMANIA
215
COALITION
 ;—c. Singultus, Singultus—c. Sternutatio, Sneez-
 ing— c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum.
   CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania.
   CLOROUTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli.
   CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum.
   CLOT, Coagulum — c. of Blood, see Blood.
   CLOTBUR, Xanthium.
   CLOTHING, Vestitus.
   CLOTTY, Grumo'aua, (F.) Grumeleux.  Com-
 posed of clots.
   CLOU,  Clavus, Furunculus—c.  Hyatedque,
 Clavus hystericus—-c. de 1' (Eil,  Clavus oculi.
   CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus.
   CLOUDBERRY TREE,  Rubus  chamsemo-
 rus.
   CLOVE,  see Eugenia caryophyllata—c. Bark,
 see  Myrtus  caryophyllata — c.  Pink, Dianthus
 caryophyllus — c. July  flower, Dianthus  caryo-
 phyllus.
   CLUBFEET, Kyllosis.
   CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — c. Common,  Ly-
 copodium  complanatum — c. Fir, Lycopodium
 selago — c.  Upright, Lycopodium selago.
   CLUNES, Nates.
   CLUNE'SIA, from Clunea, 'the nates.'  Proc-
 talgia, Proctltia.  An inflammation  of the but-
 tocks.—Vogel.
   CLUNIS, Sacrum.
   CLUPEA THRYSSA.  The Yellow-billed
 Sprat; a very poisonous fish  of the West Indies.
   CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton coscarilla.
   CLYDON, Flatulence.
   CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.)  Thyroid cartilage.
   CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster.
   CLYSIS, Clyamua.  Same  etymon  as  clyster.
 The application of a  clyster. Washing out by
 means of a clyster.
   CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster,  Enema — c.  Toni-
 cum, Enema fcetidum.
   CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster.  A
 diminutive of clvsma.   A small clyster.
   CLYSMUS, Clysis,  Enema.
   CL YSO IRE, (F.)  An apparatus for adminis-
 tering enemata, consisting of along funnel-shaped
 tube of elastic gum, furnished with a pipe at the
 apex.
   CLYSOPOMPE, Syringe, Clyster.
   CLYSTER,  Clyate'rium, Clyama,  Enclye'ma,
 Clysmus, En'ema, Lavamen'tum, from xXv^etv, 'to
 wash.'  (F.) Clysiere, Lavement,  Remede.  A li-
 quid, thrown into the large intestines by means
 of a syringe, or bladder and  pipe  properly pre-
 pared, Ac.; the nozzle  of the  syringe or  pipe
 being introduced into the anus.   See Enema.
   Clyster, Anodyne,  Enema  anodynum — c.
 Common, Enema commune—c. Domestic, Enema
 commune — c. Fetid, Enema fcetidum — c. Pipe,
 Plasma — c. Purging, Enema catharticum — c.
 Starch and opium, Enema anodynum—c. Tobac-
 co, Enema tabaci — c. Turpentine, Enema tere-
 binthinte —vc.  Uterinus,  Sparallium.
   CLYSTERE, Enema.
   CNEME,  Leg, Tibia.
   CXEMODACTYL.EUS,  Extensor  communis
 digitorum pedis.
   CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from xvnpn,  'the leg,*
 and Xoplwats. ' the state  of  being bent forward.'
 Bcndinir of the leg forward.
  CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from xvnpn,  'leg,' and
 oKoXtwais, 'bending,' especially sideways.  Bend-
ing of the leg sideways.  The state of being bow-
legged, or bandy-legged.
  CNEORON, Daphne gnidium.
  CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almere'rion, Ac-
ncs'tos, Chamah'a, Widow-wail, Spurge-Olive,
(F.) CameUe.  This plant, a native of Southern
Europe, contains  a very irritating, acrid  prin-
ciple.  The  ancients employed  its leaves as a
 powerful purgative.  It is now sometimes used
 for deterging ulcers.
   CNESIS, Cnesmoa, Cniamoa. A painful itching.
 — Galen.
   CNESMA, Itching.
   CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo.
   CNICELiE'UM, from xvixos, 'carthamus,' and
 tXaiov, 'oil.'  Oil of carthamus.—Dioscorides.
   CNICUS,  Carthamus tinctorius—c. Sylvestris,
 Centaurea benedicta.
   CNIDEL^'ON, Cnidela'um, from  xvileis,
 'cnidia,'  and eXaiov, 'oil.'  Oil  made from the
 grana cnidia or mezereon berries.—Dioscorides.
   CNID'IA  GRANA, Gnidii  Cocci, Coccognid'ia,
 JEto'lion,  Coccum.   The berries of the Daphne
 gnidium.—Foesius.
   CNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus — c.
 Tenuifolium, Sison ammi.
   CNIDO'SIS.  A pungent itching, compared to
 that  produced by  the  Urtica urena or  Nettle.
 (xviln.)—Hippoc.  Urticaria;  urticatio.
   CNIP'OTES,  .Pruri'tua.  Itching.  The  dry
 ophthalmia, Xerophthalmia.
   CN1SMOREGMIA, Pyrosis.
   CNISMOS, Cnesmos.
   CNISSA, see Nidorous.
   CNISSOREG'MIA, from xviaaa, 'the smell of
 burnt fat,' and opeyw, ' I put forth ;' Ructue nido-
 ro'aua.   A nidorous eructation, as  of  rotten
 eggs.
   CNYMA, xwpa.   A slight  itching.  Also, a
 puncture or vellication.—Galen.
   COACUM, Phytolacca decandra.
   COAGMENTATIO, Gomphosis.
   COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san-
 guinis.
   COAG'ULANTS,  Coagulailtia,  from  coagu-
 lare,—itself from co and agere, 'to act together.'
 Remedies,  or poisons,  supposed to possess  the
 power of coagulating the blood, or to give con-
 sistency to animal fluids.  The word and the ab-
 surd notions  connected with it are equally aban-
 doned.
   COAGULA'TION,  Coagula'tio,  Thrombo'eie.
 The conversion of  a liquid into a more or less
 soft  and  tremulous mass.  Many animal  and
 vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation.
   COAG'ULUM,  Grumua, (F.) Coillot, Grumeau,
 ('a small clot.')  A soft mass formed in a  coagu-
 lable  liquid.  The Clot of the Blood  is particu-
 larly  so  called — the Cruor,  Insula, Placen'ta,
 Hepar San'guinis, Crassamen'tum, Sanguis con-
 cre'tua ;—the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum,
 and colouring matter, which separates when  the
 blood is left to itself.  See Blood.  The word is
 also  applied, in  pathology, to the sanguineous
 concretions, which form  in different natural and
 accidental cavities; and which, when they occur
 at the mouth  of a divided artery, sometimes sus-
 pend  the flow of blood.  This  is, indeed, one of
 the means by which hemorrhage is arrested.
   Coag'ulum Alu'minis,  Coag'ulum  Alumino'-
 sum, Cataplaa'ma  alu'minis, Alum curd or cata-
 plasm.  This is  made by beating the white of
 egg with a little alum, until a coagulum is formed.
 It is  applied  in cases of ophthalmia, where  an
 astringent is necessary.
   COALES'CENCE,  Coaleacen'tia, Coalil'io
 par'tium, from coalescere, 'torun together,' (from
 cum, 'with,' and  alere, 'to nourish,) Sym'physis,
 Pros'physis.  The adhesion or union  of parts
previously separated, as in case of wounds and
preternatural  adhesions or malformations.  See
Monster.
   COALITIO PARTIUM, Coalescence.
   COALIT'TON, Coalil'io.  The same etymon
as coalescence.  It  has been  used in  the same
cases; as well as to express the action of several 
                 COALITUS               21

parts  of the  frame, which have the same nu-
trition.
  COALITUS, Symphysis.
  COALTER'N^E  FEBRES.  A name given to
two intermittents, which attack a person at the
same time, but whose paroxysms are distinct: so
that the attack of one supervenes when the  other
has ceased.   The term Double  Intermittent ex-
presses the same meaning.
  COAPTATION, Coapta'tio, from cum, ' with,'
and aptare, ■ to adjust,' ' adapt;' Parago'ge.  The
act of adapting the  two extremities of a fractured
bone  to  each other; or of restoring a luxated
bone  to its place.  Coaptation must be effected
gently.   Usually, extension  and counter-exten-
sion are, in the first place, necessary.
  COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis.
  COARCTATIO,  Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric-
ture — c. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach.
  COARCTA'TION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare,
'to straiten.'  Stricture.   Avicenna  speaks of
Coarctation of the Pulse.
  COAT, BUFFY, Corium phlogisticum.
  COBALT,  PROTOXIDE  OF, Smalt.
  COBIIAM, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Cob-
ham is  seven miles from  Kingston,  in Surrey,
England. The waters are weak saline purgatives.
  COBRA  DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus.
  COBWEB, Araneae tela.
  COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
  COCCA'RIUM.  A very small pill.
  COCCIIIA, Cochia.
' .COCCI GRANUM, Kermes—c. Orientales, see
Menispermum cocculus. _,
  COCCIGIO- CUT AXE SPHINCTER, Sphinc-
ter ani externus.
  COCCINELLA, Coccus cacti.
  Coccinel'la  Septempuncta'ta, Lady-bird,
Lady-cow, Lady-bug.  This insect, bruised upon
an aching tooth, has long been regarded as anti-
odontalgic.
  COC'CION, xoxxiov.  A weight, mentioned by
Myrepsus; the same as the siliqua.
  COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti.
  COCCOBALSAMUM, see Amyris  opobalsa-
mum.
  COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana.
  COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA, see Kino.
  COCCONES, see Punica granatum.
  COCCUL^E OFFICINARUM, see Menisper--
mum  cocculus.
  COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber-
culatum—c. Indi aromatica,  see Myrtus pimenta
—c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus—c. Pal-
matus,  Columba—c. Suberosus, Menispermum
cocculus.
  COCCUM,  Cnidia grana,  Kermes—c. Baphi-
cum, Kermes—c. Infectorium, Kermes—c.  Scar-
latinum, Kermes—c. Tinctorum, Kermes.
  COCCUS, Coccus cacti—c. Americanus, Coccus
cacti.
  Coccus Cacti.   The systematic  name of the
Coch'ineal Insect, Coccinel'la, Cochinilla, Coccio-
nella, Coccinil'la,  Ficus In'dia grana, Coccus
Polon'icus, Scaraba'olus hemispha'ricue, Cochi-
v.elif'era cochinilla, Coccua  Amcrica'nus, Coccua
In'dicua Tincto'riua, Cochinelle, Coccua; the Coch'-
ineal  Animal, (F.)  Cochenille, Graine d'Ecarlate.
The cochineal insects have a faint, heavy odour;
their taste is acrid, bitterish,  and astringent: co-
lour blackish-red externally,—purple-red within.
They are used chiefly for giving a red colour to
tinctures, Ac.  They were, at one time, esteemed
astringent, stimulant, diuretic, and anodyne.
  Coccus Ilicis,- Kermes—c. Indicus tinctorius,
Coccus  cacti—c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc-
culus—c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti.
  COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Ooccy'go-ceph'alua, from
6              COCHLEARIA

coccyx and xetpaXn, 'the head.' A monster whose
head has the shape of the os coccygis.
  COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus —c. Nerve, see Sa-
cral Nerves.
  COCCYGE'US, Coecyge'al, from xoxxv^, because
it is inserted into the coccyx; lachio-Coccygeus,
(F.) Ischio-coccygien.  Belonging both  to  the
ischium and coccyx.   The muscle Ischio-coccy.
gens, Leva'tor Coccy'gis, Triangula'ris Coccy'gis.
It arises from the spinous process of the ischium,
and is inserted into the extremity of the sacrum;
and into nearly the whole* length of  the  os coc-
cygis laterally.  It retains the coccyx in place,
and prevents it from being forced  backwards
during the evacuation of the faeces.
  COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus.
  COCCYGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER,
Sphincter ani externus.
  COCCYGOCEPHALUS,  Coccycephalus.
  COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica.
  COCCYX, ' a  cuckoo,' whose bill it is said to
resemble;  Os Coccy'gis, Cauda, Oaaia eacri ocu'-
men, Oa Alagaa, Rump Bone,  Crupper Bone, Cu'-
culua,  Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylia, Spondylium.   An
assemblage of small bones,  attached to the lower
part of the sacrum; the curvature of which it
prolongs, and of which it seems to be  an append-
age.  Generally, it consists of four bones.  Be-
hind the base of the coccyx are two small tuber-
cular eminences.  These are called Cornua of tht
 Coccyx.
   COCHEMAR, Incubus.
   COCHENILLE, Coctus  cacti.
  COCHERIA, Cochia.
  COCHIA,  Cocchia, Coche'ria, from xoxxos,
'berry,' 'seed,' or from xoxvw, 'to flow profusely.'
An ancient name for several officinal purgative
pills; thus  called, either because they  produced
copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed.
  COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis.
  COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti.
  COCHINELIFERA  COCHINILLA, Coccus
cacti.
  COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti.
  COCH'LEA.  A Snails shell, (F.)  Limacon,
 Coquille.   Anatomists  have given this name to
the most anterior of the  three cavities, which
constitute  the labyrinth of the ear, the Pelvis
Au'rium, Concha auris inter'na, Cav'itas cochlea!-
ta,  C. buccina'ta, Antrum buccino'aum,  Concha La-
byrin'thi,  Troch'lea labyrinth'i : — and that  of
Scala of the Cochlea, (F.) Rampea du limacon, to
two spiral cavities in the interior of the cochlea.
One of these  scalae terminates at the  Fenes'tra
rotun'da, and is called  Scala tympani:  the other
opens at the anterior and inferior part of the ves-
tibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli.
  Cochlea, Scalae op the, see Cochlea.
  COCHLEAR,  Cochleare — c. Auriculare,  Ear-
pick—c. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve.
  COCHLEA'RE, Ooclllear, Cochlea'rium,  from
cochlea; its bowl resembling a shell.  Aapoonful,
(F.) Cuilleree; abbreviated in prescriptions usu-
ally to coch.  See Abbreviation.   Also, a scoop.
  Cochlea're Magnum, a tablespoonful;  C. Me'-
dium,  a dessert or pap-spoonful;  and  C. Min'i-
mum, a teaspoonful.
  COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' so
called from its resemblance.  C.  ojflcinalie.
  Cochlea'ria  Armora'cia, Raph'anua  ruati-
ca'nua,  Armora'cia,  A.  aati'va,  A.  rustica'na,
Raph'anua  mari'nna,  Raph'anua  sylves'tria,
Roph'anus magna, Horseradish.   Family, Cruci-
ferae.  Sex. Syat. Tetradynamia Siliculosa.  (F.)
Roifort aauvage, Cran, Cran de Bretagne.  The
root of horseradish is  frequently used  at table;
and has long been in the Materia Medica.   It is 
COCnLEARIFORMIS           217
COELIAC
 stimulant and diuretic.  Externally it is rube-
 facient.
   Cociilea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opua,  Coron'-
 opna Rurllii  seu  depres'sns seu vulga'ris,  Le-
 pid'ium Hqiiama'tum, Senebie'ra coron'opus, Wild
 Scurvy Grass,  Swine's Cress, (F.)  Come de Cerf.
 This European plant is considered to be diuretic
 and  antiscorbutic.   The  term Coron'opus  was
 given, by the ancients, to various  plants.
   Cociilea'ria Houtensis, Cochlearia officinalis.
   Cociilea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, C.hor-
 ten'sie seu pi/rena'ica seu vulga'ris, Lemon Scurvy
 Grass, Common Scurry Grass, (F.) Cranson, Herbe
 aux cuillers.   It has been considered a powerful
 antiscorbutic.  It is sometiiaps eaten in salad.
   CocuLEA'rtiA  Pyrena'ica,  C.  officinalis — c.
 Vulgaris, C. officinalis.
   COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from cochleare,
 'a spoon,' and forma, 'shape;' (F.) Bee de Cuiller.
   Cochlearifoumis  Proces'sus,  Cochlear'iform
 proceaa.  A small, very thin plate, which sepa-
 rates the bony portion of the  Eustachian  tube
 from the canal for the passage of the tensor tym-
 pani.
   COCIILEA'RIS.   A gelatinous  looking tissue,
 seen on opening  the cochlea, by which the mem-
 branous zone is connected, at its outer or  convex
 margin, with tho outer wall.  It is  supposed by
 Todd and Bowman to be muscular; and to have
 a preservative office, being placed to defend the
 cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound,
 in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro-
 tects the retina from  excessive light.
   COCIILEARJUM, Cochleare.
   COCHO'NE, «o;taii'>7.   The junction  of  the
 ischium, near the seat or breech.—Foesius.  The
 breech  proper, from  the hip-bones  to the anus.
 The perinamin.  The coccyx.
   COCIL'IO.  A weight of eleven ounces.
   COCKLE-BUR,  Agrimony.
   COCKLES,  INDIAN, see Menispermum coc-
 culus.         ■"•aftf*'*        ,:~"
   COCKMINT, Tanacetum balsamita.
   COCKUP HAT, Stillingia.
   COCLES, Borgne.
   COCO, Cocos nucifera.
   Corn  of the  Maldives, Cocoa de Maldlvd.
 The  fruit of a palm, called Loddice'a by Com-
 merson.  It was formerly termed, in the shops,
 Nux Med'ica, and enjoyed great reputation.
   COCOA,  Cacao.
   COCOA CACAVIFERA, Cacao.
   COCOBAY, Mal de San Lazaro.
   COCOS BUTYRA'CEA.   The name  of  the
 plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum palma,
 obtained chiefly from  the fruit, by bruising and
 mixing the kernels with water, without the  aid
 of heat,  by which the oil is separated and rises
 to the  surface.   It is of the consistence of an
 ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though
 not disagreeable,  smell.  It is applied to sprains,
 Ac;  but has no advantages over  other oils.   It
 has been called,  also, O'leum Palma seba'cenm,
 0. fix'mix n tecum cocoa  butyra'cea and Mackaw
 fat.   It  is procured likewise from the  Ela'ie
 Guincen'sis, and Ela'is  Occidenta'lis, two spe-
 cies of palms.
   Cocos Nucif'era,  Palma cocoa, (F.) Cocoticr.
 Order,  Palmie.   The systematic  name of the
 plant whose fruit is  the cocoa nut.  (F.) Coco.
 It is an  agreeable kernel, but not  easy of diges-
 tion.  Emulsions, orgeat, Ac, are made from it.
 The juice of the cocoa, when fermented, forms
 wine, and arrack  is  distilled from it
   COCOTE, Influenza.
  CO Cl) TIER, Cocos nucifera.
  COCT 10. Coction, Digestion—c. Ciborum, Di-
gestion—c. Morbi, Coction.
   COCTION, Coc'ri'o, Pepsis, Pepan'sis, Pepas'-
 moe,  Sympep'sie, Concoc'tion, from coquere,  'to
 boil.'  This word has been employed in various
 senses.  1.  With the ancients, coction meant the
 particular kind of  alteration which the food ex-
 periences in the digestive organs, particularly in
 the  stomach.   It meant a preparation from its
 crude state. 2. It expressed the  maturation or
 change, which the  humeral pathologists believed
 morbific matter experiences before elimination.
 It was considered, that coction,  Coc'tio morbi,
 was produced during the violence of the disease;
 and hence this was called  the Period of Coction.
 See  Humorism.
   COD, or CODS, Scrotum.
   COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli.
   COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli.
   CODAGAPALA  BARK, Nerium antidysente-
 ricum.
   CODE, Codex.
   CODEIA, Codeine.
   COD'EINE, Code'i'a, Codei'num, Papaveri'num,
 from xwlia,  ' a poppy head.'  An alkaloid, disco-
 vered, by Robiquet, in opium, in 1832.  It is
 soluble in water, alcohol and ether,  and unites
 readily with acids.  As a hypnotic, Magendie
 thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain
 of morphia. The muriate of codeia  appears to
 be stronger  than the pure codeia.
   CODESELLA, Anthrax.
   CODEX.  A  collection  of laws.   (F.)  Code.
 By extension, a collection of approved medical
 formulae,  with the  processes necessary for form-
 ing  the compounds referred to in it.  The Pari-
 sian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex medicamen-
 ta'riue.
   Codex  Medicamentarius, Formulary,  see
 Codex.
   CODIA, Papaver (capsule.)
   CODOCELE,  Bubo.
   CODOSCELLA, Bubo.
   CCECAL,  CEecal.
   CCBGITAS, Csecitas.
   CWCUM, Cascum.
   COEFFE, Caul.
   Cffi'LIA, xotXia,  xoiXn, 'a hollow place.'  This
 word generally meant a cavity in the body:—the
 abdomen, in particular.  It  has also  been used
 Tor the alimentary canal, Ac: — avw xotXia, 'the
 stomach,' xarw xotXia, ' the abdomen.'  Also, an
 alvine evacuation;  excrement.
   CCE'LIAC, Cceliacua, Gaatrocce'liacne, Gastro-
 cce'licus,  (F.) Cceliaque ou  Celiaque, from xoiXia,
 'the  cavity of the  abdomen.'  Relating to the
 cavity of the abdomen.
   Cceliac Artery, A. Cce'liaca, Cceliac axle, A.
 opistogastrique,  Ch., A.  Cceliaque,  Tronc  cceli-
 aque, Trepied de la  cceliaque, is situate above the
 panercas,  and behind the upper part of the sto-
 mach. It arises from the anterior part of the
 abdominal aorta, where it passes between the
 pillars of the  diaphragm, and soon divides into
 the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and splenic ar-
 teries.
   CfELIAC Flux, Cceliac Passion, Cceliaca chylo'-
sa, Diarrhce'a chylo'sa, D. chymo'sa, Fluxus chy-
lo'aua seu cceliacus,  Passio  cceliaca, P. Ventricu-
lo'sa, Chymoche'zia, Fluor albus intestino'rum,
 Chylorrhoe'a, Chymorrhce'a,  Cceliaca lac'tea, Mor-
bus cceliacus, Chylodiarrhce'a, Galactodiarrhce'a,
Sedes lactescen'tes, Gastrorrhoe'a, (F.) Flux cali-
aque.  A species of  diarrhoea, in which the food
is  discharged by the bowels  in an undigested
condition.  By some, defined  to be diarrhoea at-
tended with  discharges of chyle or chyme.  It is,
in  general, symptomatic of  tubercular  disease of
the mesenteric glands.  See Lientery. 
CCELIACA
218
COlNCIDENTIA
  Cceliac Passion, Cceliac flux.
  Cceliac Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen-
tvr'ii pro'prius  et max'imua, P.  ganglifor'mia
Bemilunclris,  (F.)  Plexus  median  ou  opistogas-
trique, (Ch.,) PI. Cceliac ou solaire, Ganglion de
Vieussens,  is formed of numerous nervous fila-
ments, which proceed from the semilunar ganglia
of the great sympathetic.  It is strengthened by
several branches of the right and left pneunio-
gastric nerves; is seated  around the  trunk of
the cceliac artery,  behind  the stomach, and fur-
nishes the secondary plexuses — the  diaphrag-
matic, coronary of the  stomach, splenic  and he-
patic, which accompany the arteries of the same
name.
  CCELIACA, from xoiXiaxos,  'cceliac.'  Diseases
of the digestive  organs; the  1st class in Good's
Nosology. It comprises two orders, Enteriea and
Splanchnica.  Also,  medicines  that act  on the
digestive organs.—Pereira.
  Cceliaca  Chylosa,  Coeliac flux — c. Lactea,
Cceliac flux — c  Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis,
Chyluria.
  CCELINE'MIA, Hypercs'mia abdom'inis,  Con-
ges1'tio abdomina'lis, from xotXia, 'the  abdomen,'
and  'aipa, 'blood.'   Hyporaemia or congestion of
the blood-vessels of the abdomen.
  CG3LIAGRA,  Gastritis  seu Enteritis seu Col-
ica seu Diarrhoe'a arthrit'ica.  Gout of the ab-
domen.
  CfELIALGIA, Tormina.
  CCELIAQUE,  TREPIED DE LA,  Coeliac
artery.
  CG3LI0CELE, see Hernia, hypogastric.
  CtELIOCHYSIS, Ascites.
  CCELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal.
  CfELIODYNIA, Colic
  CfELIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea.
  CCELION'CUS,  Cceliophy'ma, from xotXia, 'the
abdomen,' and oyxos, ' a tumour.'  A tumour of
the abdomen.
  CCELIOPHYMA, Coelioncus.
  CGELIOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula  peritona'i,
from xoiXta, 'the  cavity of the abdomen,' and
e)vpa, ' a hard tumour.'   Tubercles of the perito-
neum.
  CCELIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus.
  CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  xotXia, ' the abdomen,'
and  itvwais,  'suppuration.'   Suppuration in the
abdomen or its parietes.
  CCELIORRHGEA,  Diarrhoea.
  CCELIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatia'mua abdom'-
inia, from xotXia, 'the abdomen,' and pevpa, 'de-
fluxion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the  mus-
cles  of the abdomen.
  CGELIOSPAS'MUS, from  xoiXia,  'abdomen,'
and  airaapos, 'spasm.'  Spasm  or  cramp of the
a.bdomen.
  CCELO'MA, from  xoiXos,  'hollow.'  A round
ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that
described under the name  Bothrion.
  CCELON, Cavity.
  CfELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from xoiXos, 'hollow,'
and otpBaXpos, ' eye.'  One  who is hollow-eyed.
  CCELOSTOM'IA,  from  xoiXos,  'hollow,' and
aropa, ' mouth.'  A defect  in  speaking, when the
voice seems as if it came from a cavern;—that is,
obscure, and as if at a distance.
  CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon. One who has
a hollow voice.
  CCELOTES, Cavity.
  CCENiESTHE'SIS, from koivos, 'common,'and
ata^nais, ' feeling.'   Conaathe'eis.   Common feel-
ing.  Some German writers mean, by this, a sixth
sense.  It is the feeling of self-existence or indi-
viduality, and is  manifested by the sense of buoy-
aucy or depression, which  we experience without
any known cause; — by involuntary shuddering
feeling of chill or glow, Ac
  CCENOLOGIA, Consultation.
  CCE'NOTES, xoivorns,  'commonness,' from
xoivos, ' common.'  The physicians of the metho-
dic sect asserted that all diseases arise from re-
laxation, etridure, or a mixture of both.  These
were called Coenotea: or what diseases have in
common.
  COETUS, Coition.
  CCEUR,  Heart.
  COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, C. vulga'ria, Jaa'minum
Arob'icum, (F.) Oafier, and Cafcyer, Family, Ru-
biaceae. Sex. Syat. Pentandria Monogynia.  The
plant which affords coffee, Choava, Bon, Buna,
(F.)  Cafe.  Originally from Yemen.
  The  infusion  of coffee  is  an agreeable  and
wholesome article of diet.   It is, to a certain ex-
tent, a tonic, and is employed as such  in  conva-
lescence, especially from fevers, Ac.   In cases
of poisoning  by  opium,  and in  old asthmas, its
use  has  been extolled.  For this purpose the
Moka is the best. It ought to be newly torrefied,
but not too much burnt;  should be strong, and
drunk  soon after  grinding.  Faetitioua  Coffees
have been, from  time to time, recommended, but
they are infinitely inferior to the genuine.  Va-
rious aubatitutea have been proposed;  wheat, bur-
ley,  hollyberriea,  acorna, sunflower eeeda, beech-
maat, peaa, beans, euccory-root, eeeda of gooseber-
ries and curranta  left in making wine, and washed,
—sliced turnips, Ac.  These have been roasted,
with the addition of a  little butter or oil: but
they have not the aroma of coffee.  The best sub-
stitute is said to  be the seeds of the Yellow water
flag, Gladiolus luteus or Iris pseudacorus.
  Hunt's  CEconomical  Breakfast Powder  con-
sisted of rye, roasted with a little butter.
  COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
  COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum.
  COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology.
  COHABITATIO, Coition.
  COHABITA'TION,  Cohabita'tio,  from  cum,
'with,'  and  habitare,  'to  dwell.'   The  act of
dwelling together.  In legal medicine, it means
the consummation of marriage.—Copulation.
  COHE'SION,  Cohasio, from  cum, 'with,' and
harere, 'to stick.'   Via cohaaio'nia, Vis adha-
aio'nia,  Vis attractio'nis, Force of cohe'sion, At-
traction of cohesion,  A. of aggregation,  is  that
force in the particles of matter, whereby they are
connected in such a way as to resist any attempt
towards their removal or separation.   This force
has to  be attended to, in the management of dis-
ease.  Emollients, rubbed  into a part,  act by
diminishing the  cohesion.
  COHIBENS, Epischeticus.
  COHOBA'TION,  Cohoba'tio, Coho'bium,  Co'-
hob, Co'hoph.  Distillation  of a liquid—already
distilled—on the same substances.  When this is
repeated three or four times, it is called Recoho-
ba'tion.
  COHOL.   Synonym of Alcohol.  Also, a dry
eollyrium.—Avicenna.
   COHOSH, Actaea racemosa, Caulophyllum tha-
lictroides—c. Black, Actaea racemosa—c. Blue-
berry,  Caulophyllum thalictro'ides.
   COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides.
   COIFFE, Caul.
   COIGN, see Pyrus cydOnia.
   COIGNASSIER,  Pyrus  cydonia.
   COINCIDEN'TIA.  Some authors have trans-
lated, by this term, the word parempto'sia, used
by Galen to designate the  occlusion of the  fora-
men opticum by a humour, proceeding from the
base <f tho brain, and occasioning blindness.—
Castelli. 
C01NDICANT
219         COLICA ACCIDENTAL-IS
  COIVDICANT, Coin'dicana, from con, 'with,'
and intlic, 'I indicate.'
  Chin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the
same  indications; or which  confirm  the  indica-
tion afforded by another sign :—ovvtvleixvvptva.
  COIRA, Catechu.
  COIRAS, Scrofula.
  CO IT, Coition.
  COIT"10N, Co'itus, Co'etua, from  co'eo, (con,
and  co, 'to go,')  'to go together.'  Copula''Hon,
Copula'tio, Cop'ula Carna'lia, Aphrodia'ia, Aphro-
diaiaam'ua,  Epip'loce, Accea'aua, Baaia'tio, Am-
plcxa'tio, Am pi ex'us, Conven'tus, Complex'io, Con-
jn'gium, Agglutiiultio, Lagne'a, Lagneu'ma, Lag-
nei'a, Mixis, Permie'tio, Permix'tio, Syndyas'mua,
Synn'sia,  Concu'bitua, Congrea'aua,  Cohobita'tio,
 Venus, Res  Vene'rea, Concu'bitua vene'reua, Pro! -
Hum, Duellum vene'reum, Noctur'na bella, Con-
cilia corpora'lia, Homil'ia, Ven'ery, Sexual  in-
tercourse,  (F.)  Coit,  Approche,  Accouplement.
The carnal  union of the sexes.
   COITUS, Coition—c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus—c.
Sodomiticus, Buggery.
   COL, Collum—c. de la Matrice, Collum uteri—
c. Uterin, Collum uteri.
   COLA, Articulation.
   COLATIO, see Colatura.
   COLATO'RIUM,  Hylister, from colore,  'to
 strain.'  A strainer of any  kind.  (F.) Couloir.
 A term by which the ancient physicians described
 every canal or conduit through which the excre-
 mentitious  humours of the  body are evacuated.
 Ulcers, fistulas,  setons, caustics,  Ac, have been
 called artificial  or accidental Colatoria, because
 they were  considered to be passages  by which
 the animal economy is freed from some morbific
 matter.
   COLATUM, see Colatura.
   COLATU'RA, from colore, 'to strain.'  Cola!-
 turn, (F.) Colature.  A filtered or  strained liquor.
 It likewise means straining  a liquid, — Cola'tio,
 Diy'lieia, Diylis'mus,  Hy'lisia, Hylia'mua.
   COL'CHESTER, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Aqua Colcestren'sis.   The waters of Colchester
 are of the bitter purging kind, similar to those
 of Epsom.
   COLCIIICIA, see Colchicum autumnale.
   COL'CHICUM AUTUMNA'LE.from the coun-
 try Colchis.  Meadow Saffron, Colchicum, Ooum,
 (F.) Col chique,  Tue-chien, Mart  aux chiens,  Sa-
 fran des pres,  Safran bdtard.   Family, Colchi-
 caeeic.   Class, Hcxandria.   Order, Monogynia.
 The bulb or root (Bulbus vel Radix vel Cormus,)
 and  the  seeds are the parts used in medicine.
 The  taste is acrid, excoriating the mouth ; but the
 acrimony is lost by drying.   It is narcotic, diu-
 retic, and cathartic;  and  has  been given  in
 dropsy, gout, and rheumatism.  Dose, from gr. j
 to vj of the fresh bulb.   It is supposed to be the
 active ingredient of the Eau mSdicinale d'Husson.
 The active principle is  called Colchic"ia.  The
 Colchicum, in an over-dose, is an  acro-narcotic
 poison.
   Dr.  Wilson's Tincture for the Gout is said to be
 merely an  infusion of Colchicum, or Colchicin.
   Colchicum Zeylanicum,  Kicmpferia rotunda.
   COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale.
   COL'COTIIAR, Col'cothar Vitriol;, Henri'cus
 rubens, Chaleltie, Brown red, Rouge, Crocue,  Ox-
 idum Ferri rubrum,  Tntox'ydum Ferri, Sulphas
 Ferri  calcina'tum, Ferrum  vitriola'tum  ustum,
  Terra  vitrioli  dulcis, Crocus  mortis  vitriolatus
 seu adstrin'geii8, (F.) Rouge d'Angleterre, Safran
 de Mara  oatringent.  The red oxide of iron, ob-
 tained by calcining sulphate of iron  to  redness,
 with or without the  contact of air.  It possesses
 the general properties of the preparations of iron,
 and  has been applied to stanch blood, Ac.
  COLD, Frigua, Paychfs, (F.) Froid.  The sen-
sation produced by the abstraction of caloric from
our organs,—Cheima, Chimon.   See Heat.
  Three  degrees .of cold are  generally distin-
guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of cold
(Algor), 2.  Chilliness (Horror), and 3. Shivering
(Rigor).   Cold is employed in medicine, chiefly,
as a refrigerant and sedative.
  Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal — c.
in the Head, Coryza.
  COLEITIS,  Colposis.
  COLEOCELE, see Hernia.
  COLEfEDEMA, Elytrcedema.
  COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae.
  COLEORRHEX'IS, from XoXeos, ' a vagina or
sheath,' and pnlis, 'rupture.'   Laceration or rup-
ture of the vagina.
  COLEOSITIS, Leueorrhcea.
  COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpostegno'sia, Colpoa-
tenochor'ia, Colposynize'sis, from ^oAeoj, 'a va-
gina  or  sheath,'  and  areyvwais, ' constriction.'
Narrowness of the vagina, natural or acquired.
   COLERE, Rage.
   COLES, Penis.
   COLEUS, Vagina.
   CO LIBERT, Cagot.
   COLIC,  Co'licus, from xwXov, 'the colon.' (F.)
 Colique.  Relating to  the colon.
   Colic Arteries,  Arte'ria colica, (F.) Arteres
 Ooliquea, are six in number, three of which, given
 off by the  euperior mesenteric, are called Colica
 dextra; and three, proceeding  from the inferior
 mesenteric, Colica ainia'tra.  All proceed towards
 the colon, passing between the two laminae  of the
 peritoneum, which  form the mesocolon,  where
 they  ramify and anastomose  with each  other.
 The first, Colicq. dextra, Ramus colica dexter, is
 called 0. dextra  superior, (Meso-colique,— Ch.)
 The second, C. dextra media, Colica media, Ra-
 mua colicua mediua, Arteria media anastomot'ica,
 (C. droite, Ch.,) and the third, C. dextra infe'rior
 or  Jleo-colica,  (A. cacale, — Ch.)  Of the three
 Colica sinistra, the first or superior is called, by
 Chaussier, Colica magna ainia'tra; the second or
 media is not distinguished from the preceding, as
 they often  arise from a common trunk ; and the
 third is called by Chaussier Colica parva  ainia'-
 tra.  To these  arteries as many veins correspond,
 which open into the great and little mesenteric.
 ,  Colic Lobe  of the Liver  is the great lobe of
 that organ.
   Colic,  Co'lica  Passio, Colica, Bellyache, Col-
 ice, Colicodyn'ia,  Cceliodyn'ia, Dolo'res intestino'-
 rum, Dolor co'licus, Dysenteronerv'ia, Anentero-
 ner'via, Enteral gia, Gripes, Mulligrubs.   In its
 etymological acceptation, Colic signifies an affec-
 tion or pain in the colon.   But it is employed in
 a more extensive  signification.  It includes every
 acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter-
 vals.  The word has often,  however,  epithets
 affixed to it, which render it more or less precise.
 See Tormina.
   Colic, Crapulent, Colica crapulosa—c. Devon-
 shire, Colic, metallic — c Horn,  Priapismus — c
 Lead, Colic, metallic — c Madrid, Colica Madri-
 densis — c.  Menstrual,  Colica menstrualis — c.
 Metallioa, Colica metallica — c Painters', Colic,
 metallic — c.  Plumbers', Colic,  metallic — c. of
 Poitou,  Colic, metallic — c. of  Prostitutes, Co-
 lica scortorum — c. Saturnine, Colic, metallic —
 c.  of Surinam, Colic, metallic—c. Uterine,  Colica
 uterina—c. Weed, Dicentra Canadensis—c.  Worm,
 Colica verminosa.
    COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS.  Colica crapulosa
 —c. Acuta, Enteritis—c. Arthritica, Coeliagra.
    Co'lica  Bilio'sa, Bilious Colic, (F.) Colique
 Bilieuse.   Colic, occasioned by an accumulation
 of bile in  the intestines or in its own passages^ 
                   COLICA                  2:

The treatment required resembles that proper for
the next variety.
  Colica Callo'sa.  Colic attended with sense
of stricture in some parts of the intestinal canal;
often of flatulency and pain; the flatulency gra-
dually passing off by the  stricture;  the  bowels
tardy; and at  length  discharging small liquid
stools.
  Colica Convulsi'va, C.  Spasmod'ica, C. pitui-
to'sa,  C. nervo'sa, C. idiopatll ica, Enterospasm'us.
Colic, not the symptom of any other affection.  It
is characterized by griping pain in the bowels,
chiefly about the navel, with vomiting  and cos-
tiveness,—the pain increasing at intervals.  The
indications are  to clear the intestines, and allay
spasm.  Calomel and opium—castor oil and opium
—emollient and cathartic  enemata, with fomen-
tations, wet or  dry, to the abdomen, usually suc-
ceed.
  Colica Crapulo'sa, C. accidenta'lis,  C. hel-
luo'num, Crap'ulent colic, Surfeit, Colic from over-
eating, (F.) Colique d'Indigestion.   A colic, aris-
ing from eating indigestible aliments, or digestible
aliments in too great abundance.  The remedy is
obvious.
  Colica Damnoniorum,  Colic, metallic—c. Fe-
bricosa, Colica inflammatoria—c. Figulorum, Co-
lica metallica.
  Colica Flatulen'ta,  Infia'tio, Gastrodyn'ia
flatulcn'ta,  Physospas'mus, Pneumatosis enter'-
ica, (F.) Colique fiatulente, C. flatueuse, C. ven-
teuse.   Colic, arising from an accumulation of air
in the intestines.  It is very common in infants,
and  may be  relieved by aromatics, especially
when combined with antacids — for example, oil
of aniseed with magnesia.
  Colica Helluonum, Colica crapulosa.
  Colica Hemorrhoida'lis, Hemorrhoid'al Co-
lic, (F.)  Colique hemorrho'idale.  A kind of colic,
supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene
on their suppression.
  Colica  Hepat'ica, Hepatal'gia,  Hepatalgia
Calculo'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (F.) Colique hepatique.
Pain in the region of the  liver,  chiefly about the
gall-bladder, occasioned  by  the passing  of a
biliary calculus through the cystic and choledoch
ducts.
  Colica Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva — c.
Ileus, Ileus.
  Colica Inflammato'ria,  C. Phlogis'tica, C.
plethor'ica, C.  febrico'sa,  0. pulsat'ilis, Inflam'-
matory colic.  The same as enteritis.
  Colica Lapponica, see Seta equina—c. Lochi-
alis, Dyslochia—c Madridensis, Colic of Madrid
—c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva, Colic, metallic—
c. Phlogistica,  Colica inflammatoria.
  Colica Madriden'sis, Colic  of Madrid, Ma-
drid Colic.  A  species  of  colic, endemic in  se-
veral  provinces of Spain, whose nature is not
clear.   Its symptoms  resemble  those occasioned
by lead.
  Colica Menstrua'lis,  Men'strual Colic, (F.)
Colique  menstruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes or
accompanies the menstrual evacuation, or which
is owing to the suppression of that evacuation.
  Colica Metal'lica, Metallic Colic,  Painters'
Colic, Colica Pic'tonum, Colic of Poitou, Colica
Satunti'na, C.  Figulo'rum, Colic of Surinam',
Bellon, Dev'onshire  Colic,  Dry Bellyache, Satur-
nine Colic, Lead Colic, Plumbers' Colic, Rachial-
gia Pic'tonum,  R. Pictavien' sium, Morbus Metal-
licus, Colicople'gia, Colica  Rochialgia, Rachial-
gia,  Colica  Damnonio'rum,  C. Plumbario'rum,
Paralysis  rachialgia, Colica  nervo'sa, Colica
Picto'rum, Palinus  Plumba'rius, (F.) Dysentero-
nervie Saturnine, Colique  de Poitou, Colique  ve-
getate (?), Colique dee peintrea, Colique de plomb,
C. metallique, C. Saturnine, C. dea barbouilleurs.
0                 COLLARD

 Under this head is generally described the colio
 produced by lead, as well as the other colics men-
 tioned in the synonymy ;  and they certainly re-
 semble each other greatly,  although some of them
 are more like bilious  colic.   There is not much
 to distinguish  this variety of  colic from others.
 The same violent pain about the navel is present,
 with retraction of the abdomen towards the spine.
 It is apt also to occasion palsy.  The only uiiFer-
 ence of treatment is in the necessity for employ-
 ing more opium along with  the purgative.   The
 paralytic sequelae must be treated by change of
 air,  rubbing the spine, exercise, Ae.  Treating
 the  disease upon  general  principles is infinitely
 more philosophical, and more successful than the
 empirical  management at  La Charite,  Paris,
 which it is unnecessary to detail.
   Colica  Nephret'ica,  Nephret'ic Colic,  (F.)
 Colique Nephretique. Acute  pains, which accom-
 pany nephritis, and especially calculous nephritis,
 or the passage of a calculus into the ureter.
   Colica Pictoncm,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Picto-
 rum, Colic, metallic—c. Pituitosa, Colica convul-
 siva— c. Plethorica,  Colica inflammatoria — c.
 Plumbariorum, Colic,  metallic — c.  Pulsatilis,
 Colic, inflammatory — c. Rachialgia, Colic,  me-
 tallic—c. Saturnina, Colica metallica.
   Colica Scorto'rum,  Colic of Pros'titutes.  A
 form of colic, said by Dr. Martin Hassing, of Co-
 penhagen, to have been frequently observed by
 him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It
 may well be doubted whether any special affec-
 tion of the kind appertains to them.
   Colica Spasmodica, Colica convulsiva, Ileus.
   Colica Sterco'rea, Colica Stipa'ta, Stercora'-
 ceous  Colic,  (F.)  Colique  stercorale.  A  species
 of colic, ascribed  to the retention of faical mat-
 ters in the  intestines.  The retention is itself,
 however, an effect, that  may be caused in the
 same manner as the colic pains themselves.
   Colica Stipata, Colica  stercorea..   \
   Colica  Uteri'na,   Hys'tero-colica,  Uterine
 Colic, (F.) Colique uterine.  Pain seated in the
 uterus, sometimes called Hyateralgia.
   Colica Ventriculi, Cardialgia.
   Colica Vermino'sa, Helminthocol'ica,  Worm
 Colic, (F.) Colique vermineuse.  Abdominal pain,
 occasioned by the presence of worms  in  the  in-
 testines.
   COLICODYNIA, Colica.
   COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic.
   COLIMAQON, Limax.
   COLIQUE, Colic—c. des Barbouilleurs, Colica
 metallica—c. Hepatique, Colica hepatica—c. d'In-
 digestion, Colica crapulosa—c. Metallique, Colica
 metallica — c. de Miserere, Ileus — c. de Misiri-
 corde, Ileus — c. des Peintres, Colica metallica—
 c. de Plomb, Colica metallica—c. de Poitou, Colica
 metallica—e. Saturnine, Colica metallica—e. Yen-
 teuse,  Colica flatulenta — c.  Vegetate, Colica me-
 tallica.
   COLTQUES, Pains, (after.)
   COLI'TIS, from xwXov, 'the colon, and itis,
 denoting inflammation ; Coloni'tis, Enteritis co'-
 lica,  (F.) Inflammation du colon.   Inflammation
 of the peritoneal or  mucous  membrane of  the
 colon.   The former  is termed Serocolltis, and
 Exocolltis ;  the latter, Endocolitis and Dysentery,
   COLIX, Trochiscus.
   COLLA PISCIUM, Ichthyocolla.
   COLLAPSE, Collapsus.
   COLLAP'SUS,  Collapse,  Conciden'tia; from
 col, or cum, 'with,' and labor, lapsus, 'to fall.' (F.)
 Affaissement. A complete prostration of strength,
 either at the commencement  or  in the progress
 01 <l (llSCflSG
   COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle.
   COLLARD,  Dracontium  fcetidum — c.  Cow, 
COLLARIUM
221
COLLUM
feetidi
Polecat, Dracontium
Dracontium
fcetiduiit.
  COLLARIUM SALINUM, Haloderaum.
  COLLAT'ERAL, Collaterallie,from cum, 'with,'
and lathh, ' side. That which  accompanies or pro-
ceeds by the side of another.
  Collateral Ar'teries of the Arm, Arte'ria
Collatr.ro'les llra'chii, (F.) Artb-es collaterales du
bras. They are given off by the brachial, and are
are distinguished into, 1. The collateral—euperior
or external (Grandee muaculairea du bras—Ch.)
which arise from the inner part of the brachial,
and extend as  far as the inferior and external
part of the  arm.  2. The collateral—inferior or
internal (Collaterales du  Coude—Ch.) which arise
from the brachial, near the  elbow-joint, and de-
scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm.
   The  vessels which  pass to the  fingers and toes
 are also called collateral.
   Speaking generally,  collateral  branches  are
 those which follow nearly the  same course as
 the vessel whence they  emanate.
   COLLATERALIS, Ischio-cavernosus.
   COLLE-CHAIR, Sarcocolla.
   COLLE DE POISSON, Ichthyocolla.
   COLLECTION, Collec'tio, from colligere, 'to
 gather.'  This word is often united to the epithet
 purulent,  serous, Ac, to express a gathering of
 pus, serum, Ac.
   COLLESIS, Agglutination.
   COLLETICUS, Agglutinant.
   COLLEY'S DEPILATORY", see Depilatory.
    COLLIC'IiE.  'Drains to collect and convey
 away water.'  See GOUTTIERE.  Union of the
 ducts  passing from the puncta lachrymalia, Col-
 lie" ia pitneto'rum lacryina'lium.
    COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOIDALIS, Cor-
 pora striata—c Nervorum  opticorum, Thalami
 nervorum  opticorum—c Vaginae, Nympha;.
    COLLICULUS CAVEM  POSTERIORIS
 VENTRICULORUM  LATERALIUM, Hippo-
 campus minor.
    COLLIER (F.), A collar. A name given to
 cortain eruptions which surround the neck like a
 collar.
    COLLIGAMEN, Ligament.
    COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis.
    COLLI NSO'NIA, C. Canaden'eie, C.decuaaa'ta,
  Horscweed, Horsebalm,  Richwecd, Richleaf, Heal-
  all, Stoneroot, Knotroot, Knotweed.  This  indi-
  genous plant is possessed of diuretic properties,
  which seem to reside in a volatile oil.  Infusion
  is the best form of administration.  The leaves
  in  domestic practice are applied to wounds and
  bruises.
    Collinsonia Decussata, C. Canadensis.
    COLLIQUAMEN'TUM,   from  colliqueo, (con
  and liquere,) 'I melt.'  The first rudiments of an
  embryo.—Harvey.
    COLLIQUA'TION, Colliqua'tio, Eli qua'tio,
  Syntex'is, Ectex'is, Solu'tion, Dissolution.  The
  ancients  meant, by  this  term, the progressive
  diminution of the solid parts, with copious excre-
  tion of liquids by one or more passages.  They
  thought, that all the solids melted; and that the
  liquids, and particularly the blood, lost apportion
  of their density.
    COLLIQ'UATIVE,  Colliqnatlvus, Colliques'-
  cens,  from colliqueacere,  'to grow liquid.'   (F.)
  Colliqnatif.  An  epithet  given to various  dis-
  charges,  which produce rapid exhaustion. Hence
  wo say,   Colliquative  sweats,  Colliquative  diar-
  rhtra, A e.
    COLLIOt'ESCENS, Colliquative.
     CoLLIS 10. Contusion.
     C'Ol-LIX, Troehiscus.
     COL LOOKS, Glutinous.
     COLLO'DION, Collo'dium, Ethe'real Solu'tion
of Gun-cotton, Magnard's Adhesive Liquid; from
xoXXa, ' glue.'  A solution obtained by dissolving
gun-cotton, (F.) Fulmicoton,  in a mixture of rec-
tified ether and alcohol, in the proportion of about
16 parts of the former to 1 of the latter.  AVhen
applied  to a part, the  ether evaporates, and the
solid adhesive material is left, which contracts.
Hence it is used in cases of wounds, to keep their
edges together.   It  forms, also, a  coating, and
has been applied  in abrasions, and in  cases of
burns.   In various chronic cutaneous diseases, it
has been applied with advantage;  and has been
employed to give a coating  to pills, which it de-
prives  of' their  taste,  without interfering with
their action.
   Collodion is in  the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
(1851.)
   Collodion, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium vesi'cans
seu cantharid a'le.  Prepared by  exhausting, by
displacement, a pound of coarsely powdered can-
tharides with a  pound of  sulphuric ether, and
three ounces  of ercerj'c ether.  In two ounces of
this saturated solution  of cantharides, twenty-five
grains of gun-cotton are dissolved.  By painting
the surface with  a little of  this solution, vesica-
tion is  produced, as  with  the plaster of can-
th 3 rides
   COLLODIUM, Collodion—c Cantharidale, Col-
lodion,  cantharidal—c Vesicans, Collodion, can-
tharidal.
   COLLOID, Colldi'des, from xoXXa, 'glue,' and
tilos, 'resemblance;'  Cancer  alveola'ris, Carci-
no'ma alveola're, (F.)  Cancer alveolaire, e. Gela-
 tiniforme, Gelatinous cancer. An epithet applied
to a product of morbid secretion,  resembling
 glue, or particles of jelly inlaid in a regular
 alveolar  bed.  The three  species of cancer or
 carcinoma are,—Encephaloid, Scirrhus, and Col-
 loid.  See Cancer.
   COLLO'MA, from xoXXa,  ' glue.' A name pro-
 posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatiniform matter,
 which  is of common  occurrence in cysts.  It  is
 transparent,  amorphous, and devoid  of vessels
 and nerves.
   COLLONO'MA, from xoXXa,  'glue.'   A pecu-
 liar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a remarkably
 soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on being
 touched.—J. Muller.
   COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum.
    COLLOURION, Collyrium.
   COLLUM,  Cervix,  Trache'los, Auchen,  (F.)
 Col, Cou.  The part of the  body situate between
 the head and chest.   Also, a part of an organ
 resembling the neck,  as in the following cases.
   Collum Astrag'ali, Cervix Astrag'ali, Neck
 of the Astragalus, (F.) Col de I'astragale.  A de-
 pression, which  separates the anterior extremity
 of the astragalus from its body.
    Collum Costa'rum, Cervix Costd'mm, N^eek
 of the Ribs, (F.) Col dea C6tea.  The narrow part
 of the ribs, between the head and tubercle.
    Collum Den'tium, Cervix Dentium, Neck  of
 the Teeth, (F.) Col ou Collet dea Denta.  The part
 of the teeth between  the corona and fang, which
 is embraced by the gum.
    Collum Fem'oris,  Cervix Fem'oria, N~eck of the
  Thigh-bone, (F.) Col du Femur.   The long nar-
  row, and oblique portion of the os femoris, which
  separates the head from the two trochanters.
    Collum Fib'ul^;,  Cervix Fib'ula, Neck of the
  Fibula, (F.) Col du Perone. A slight narrowness
  seated below the head or upper extremity of the
  fibula.
    Collum Hu'meri,  Cervix Hu'meri, N~eck of the
  Hu'merua.  A circular, depressed portion, which
  separates the head of the os humeri from its two
  tuberosities.  Some surgeons  place the neck be- 
COLLURIUM
222
COLOURS
low the tuberosities, no precise  line of demarca-
tion indicating its extent.
  Collum Mandib'ul^; vel Maxil'l^e Inferio'-
RIS, Cervix Mandib'ula  seu Maxilla Inferio'rie,
Neck of the loner jaw, (F.)  Col de loa maxillaire
inferieure.  A depression observable on each side
of the lower jaw, immediately below  the con-
dyles.
  Collum Obstipum, Torticollis.
  Collum Ossis Magni vel Capita'ti, Cervix os-
sia magni vel Capita'ti, Neck of the Oa Magnum,
(F.) Col du grand Os.   A circular depression be-
neath the head of this bone of the carpus.
  Collum Ra'dii,  Cervix  Radii,  Neck of the
Radiua, (F.) Col du Radiua.  A narrow portion
of the radius, which  supports  the head of the
bone.
  Collum Scap'ula, Cervix Scap'ula,  Neck of
the Scap'ula, (F.)  Col de VOmoplate.  A narrow
portion, observable below the glenoid  cavity of
the scapula, which seems  to  separate  it,  as  it
were, from the rest of the bone.
  Collum U'teri, Cervix Uteri, Jug'ulum Uteri,
A'eck of  the Uterus, (F.) Col  de la Matrice, Col
uterin.  A narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por-
tion of the uterus, whioh terminates it interiorly,
and opens into the vagina by the Oa Uteri or Oa
 Tinea.  This neck is perceptible on examination
per vaginam, until near the  end of utero-gesta-
tion.   As  the  uterus enlarges,  however, it be-
comes shorter and wider, so that a manifest diffe-
rence  exists between its condition at seven and
nine months.
   Collum Vesi'ce, Cervix Veai'ca, Neck of the
Bladder, (F.)  Col de  la  Veeaie.   The anterior
part of the base of the bladder, which resembles
the neck of a bottle, and is continuous  with the
urethra.
   COLLURIUM,  Collyrium.
   COLLUTIO, Gargarism.
   COLLUTO'RIUM, from colluere, 'to wash out.'
 A mouth-wash.
   Collutorium Adstringens, Mel boracis.
   COLLU'VIES, from colluo, 'I cleanse.' Filth,
 excrement.  Discharge from  an old ulcer.
   Colluvies Gastrica, Embarras gastrique.
   COLLYR'IUM,  Collu'rium, Collu'rion, from
 kwXvw, 'I check,' and pew, 'I flow,' or from xoXXa,
 'glue,' and ovpa,  'tail;' (F.) Collyre.   The an-
 cients designated, by this term, a solid medicine,
 of a long, cylindrical shape; proper to be intro-
 duced into the  vagina, anus, or nostrils.  They
 are said to have given it this name because it was
 shaped like a Rat's Tail,  and because there en-
 tered into its composition powders and  glutinous
 matters. — Celsus, Oribasius,  Scribonius Largus.
 At the present day, Collyrium means an applica-
 tion to the eye.  Some are pulverulent  and dry,
 Ophthalmempaa'ma, Collyr'ium siceum, but  the
 greatest  part  are liquid, Hygrocollyr'ia; and
 receive different epithets, as aatringent,  emollient,
 Ac.  The term is now little  more  than synony-
 mous with Eye-water.  Collyria  are  generally
 extemporaneous formulae.
   Collyrium Siccum, see  Collyrium — c. Siceum
 Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine.
   COLOBO'MA, xoXo[)wpa, 'any thing truncated
 or shortened.'  A mutilated or maimed organ.
   Colobo'ma Iridis, Irido-coloboma.   A conge-
 nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure
 of its lower portion, and a consequent  prolonga-
 tion of the iris to the margin of the cornea.
   COLOBO'SIS, xoXo/Swats. The act of curtailing
 or mutilating; mutilation.
   COLOCHOLO'SIS, from  xwXov, 'the colon,'
 and  xoAij, ' bile.'  Bilious dysentery, Dysenter'ia
 lilio'sa.
   COLOCYNTH, Cucumis colocynthis.
  COLOMP.INE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris'.
  COLOMBA, Calumba.
  COLON, C. Cacum, Monen'terum, Colum, Intet-
tlnum majus, I. cellula'tum, I. crassum et plenum,
I. grande, I. laxum.  That  portion of the largo
intestines which extends from the crcium to the
rectum.   It is said to have been so  called from
xoiXov, 'hollow,' or from xwXvw,  'I  arrest,' be-
cause the excrements are arrested, for a conside-
rable time, in its sacs, — cel'lula.  The colon is
usually divided into four portions.  1. The right
lumbar or  ascending, Colon dextrum, situate in
the right lumbar region, ar.d commencing at tho
caecum.   2. Transverse colon, Colon transvev'sum,
transverse  arch of the  colon, the  portion  of the
colon which crosses from the right to the left side,
at the upper part of the abdomen.  3.  The left
lumbar or descending colon, Colon sinis'trum, ex-
tending from the left part of the transverse arch,
opposite  the outer portion of the  left kidney, to
the corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The Iliac colon
or Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (F.) Colon iliaqne
ou S. du colon, the portion  of the intestine which
makes a double  curvature in the left iliac fossa,
and ends in the rectum.
  The muscular fibres, as in the caecum, are in
three flat stripes, Ta'nia seu  Faa'cia  Ligamen-
to'sa.
  Colon, Membrum — c. Inflammation of the,
Colitis.
  Colon, Torpor of the.  A  disease  in which
the muscular coat of the colon acts with deficient
energy;  giving  occasion to distention of the in-
testine, which, by pressing upon the other organs,
may interfere so much  with their functions, as to
lead to distressing gastric, cardiac and  other dis-
orders.
   COLONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery.
   COLONNE,  Columna — c.  Vertebrate,  Verte-
bral column.
   COLONNES CHARNUES, Carneaj columnse
—c. Charnues du Coeur, Columnse carnea.
   COLOPHANE, Colophonia.
   COLOPHANY, Colophonia.
   COLOPHO'NIA, so called  from  Colophon, a
city of Ionia; Phrycte, Fricta, Pix Graca, Re-
si'na nigra, Colophony, Colophony, Black Rosin,
Pitch, Brown Rosin, (F.)  Colophone, Colophane,
Arcanson, Brai sec.  The black resin,  which re-
mains in  the  retort,  after the  distillation, by
means oPa strong fire, of common turpentine.
It is used like the turpentines in general, and in
some pharmaceutical preparations.
   COLOPHONY", Colophonia.
   COLOQUINTE, Cucumus colocynthis.
   COLOQUINTIDA, Cucumus coloevnthis.
   COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlorosis
 —c. Virginum foedus,  Chlorosis.
   COLORECTITIS, Dysentery.
   COLOSTRA, Colostrum.
   COLOSTRATIO, Colostration.
   COLOSTRA'TION,  Colostra'tio.  Disease  in
 new-born children, attributable to the  colostrum.
   COLOS'TRUM, Colos'tra,  Colloetrum, Colua'-
 trum, Trpph' alis, Protog'ala, Neog'ala, Pri mum
 Puer'pera lac, Pytia, Pyetia, (Bicstinga or Beast-
 inga in the cow, Ac,) from xoXov, 'food,' (?) (F.)
 Beton.   The  first milk  after  accouchement.  It
 contains more serum and  butter, and  less casein
 than common milk, and seems to possess an eva-
 cuant property, which  renders it fit to aid in the
 expulsion of the meconium.  Colostrum formerly
 meant an  emulsion prepared  of turpentine and
 yolk of egg.
    COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia.
    COLOURS, ACCIDENT'AL,Op>o*i'*e colours,
  Complementary and Harmon'ic colours.  If tho
 eye has been for some time regarding a particu- 
COLPALGIA
223
COLUTEA
lar colour, the retina becomes insensible to this
colour;  and if, afterwards, it be turned to a sheet
of white paper, the paper will not seem to  be
white, but will be of the colour that arises from
the union of all the rays of the solar spectrum,
except the one to which the  retina has become
insensible.   Thus, if the eye be directed for some
time to a red wafer, the sheet of paper will seem
to be of a bluiah-greeu, in a circular spot of the
same dimensions as the wafer.  This bluish-green
image is called an oc'ular apectrum, because it is
impressed upon the  eye and may be retained for
a short time; and the colour bluiah-green, is said
to be the accidental colour of the red.   If this
experiment be  made with wafers of different co-
lours, other  accidental colours will be observed,
varying with the colour of the wafer employed,
as in the following table : —

Colour of the             Accidental colour, or colour of the
  Water.                     ocular spectrum.
  Red.................Bluish green
   Orange..............Blue.
   Yellow...............Indigo.
   Green................Violet with a little red.
  Blue.................Orange red.
  Indigo............... Orange yellow.
   I 'ioiet...............Yellow-green.
  Black................White.
   White...............Black.

  If all the colours  of the  spectrum be ranged in
a circle, in the proportions they hold in the spec-
trum itself, the accidental  colour of any particu-
lar colour will be found directly opposite.  Hence,
the two colours have been termed oppoaite coloura.
It Vill follow from what has been said, that if the
primary colour, or that to which the eye has been
first directed, be  added to the accidental colour,
the  result must be  the same  impression  as that
produced by the union of all the rays of the spec-
trum— white  light.   The  accidental colour, in
other words, is what the primitive colour requires
to make it white light.  The  primitive and acci-
dental colours are, therefore, complementa of each
other;  and hence  accidental colours have also
been called complementary coloura.  They have
likewise been termed harmonic, because the pri-
mitive and  its accidental colour harmonize with
each other in painting.
  COLPAL'GIA,  from xoXiros,  'vagina/ and
aXyos, ' pain.'   Pain in the vagina.
  COLPATRE'SIA, Elytratre'sia, from  xoXiros,
'vagina,'  and  arpnros,  'without opening.' Im-
perforation of the vagina.
  COLPEMPHRAX'IS, from  xoXiros,  'vagina,'
and cptppafa,  ' obstruction.'   Obstruction  of the
vagina by foreign bodies.
  COLPEURYNTER, Speculum vaginae.
   COLPITIS, Colposis.
  COLPOCACE, JEdceoti'tis gangrano'sa, Gan-
gra'na  genita'lium  et  vagi'na.  Putrescency or
gangrene of the vagina and labia.
  Colpopace Infantilis, jEdceotltia gangra-
no'ea puella'rum, Noma pudendo'rum.   Gangrene
or putrescency of the vagina and genitals in young
children.
  Colpocace Puerpera'rum, -tEdceotltie Gan-
grano'ea puerpera'rum, Tocodomycodori'tia ma-
lig'na vagina'lia (Ritgen).   Sloughing  of the
vagina and genitals in puerperal women.
  COLPOCELE, Elytrocele.
   COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA, from xoXiros, 'vagina,'
xvans, ' bladder,' and ropv, ' incision.'   lectio va-
gi no-veaica'lia.   Lithotomy through the vagina.
   COLPODESMORRAPH'IA, from xoXiros, 'va-
gina,' letrpos, 'ligament,' and  patpn, 'suture.' The
removal of a part of the mucous membrane of the
vagina for the  radical cure of prolapsus vaginae
et uteri.
   COLPCEDEMA, Elytroedema.
   COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae. •
   COLPORRHA'GIA, Elytrorrha!gia, from xoX-
iros, 'vagina,' and  pnyvvpi, 'I break  forth.'  Dis-
charge of blood from the vagina.
   COLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy.
   COLPORRHEX'IS, Ruptu'ra  vagi'na; from
xoXiros, 'vagina,' and py^is, 'rupture.'   Rupture
of the vagina.  Also, colporrhagia.
   COLPORRHCEA, Leueorrhcea.
   COLPOS, Sinus, Vagina.
   COLPO'SIS.   Inflammation  of  the vagina-
Synonymous with  Elytro'i'tia, Elytrltia,  Colei'tia,
Colpltia.   See  Leueorrhcea.
   COLPOSTEGNO'SIS, Coleoategno'aie, from
xoXiros, ' vagina,' and orcyvow, ' I close.'  Atresia,
or obliteration of the vagina.
   COLPOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis.
   COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis.
   COLPOT'OMY, Colpotom'ia, from xoXiros, ' va-
gina,' and ropn, 'incision.'  An  incision  of the
vagina in parturition.
   COLT'S FOOT,  Asarum  Canadense, Tussilago.
   COL'UBER  BERUS.   The systematic name
of the viper,  Vi'pera, (F.)  Couleuvre, Vipere.  A
poisonous reptile—the poison lying in small sacs
near  its  teeth.   The flesh  is innocent,  and has
been  often taken  in  scrofula, and in cutaneous
disorders in general, but it  is  inefficacious.
   COLUBRINA,  Polygonum bistorta— c. Dra-
contia, Arum dracunculus — c. Lusitanica, Eu-
phorbia capitata—c. Virginiana, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria.
   COLUM, Colon.
   COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia vulgaris —c Wild,
Aquilegia Canadensis.
   COLUMBO,  Calumba—c. American, see Ca-
lumba—c. Marietta, see Calumba.
   COLUMELLA,  Pillar, Uvula.
   COLUM'NA, Column, (F.) Colonne.   Anato-
mists use  this  word for parts which resemble a
column or pillar;  hence for the penis.
   Columna  Adstans  Inguinibus,  Penis — c.
Dorsi, Vertebral column.
   Colum'na Nasi. The cartilaginous part of the
septum of the nostrils.  See Nares.
   Columna Oris,  Uvula—c. Spinalis, Vertebral
column—c. Virginitatis, Hymen — c. Foraminis
ovalis, see Ovalis  fossa — c. Valvula; Vieussenii,
see Valvula Vieussenii—c  Vertebralis, Vertebral
column.
   COLUM'NA CAR'NEJE,  Colum'na Cordia,
Laeer'ti vel Lacer'tuli vel Fnnea vel Fascic'uli
ter'etes  Cordis, Trabes seu  Trabec'ula Cordis,
(F.)  Colonnes charnues du coeur.  Small, fleshy
columns,  which project, more or less,  into the
auricles  and ventricles of the heart, whose use
appears to be to prevent too great  dilatation of
those cavities.   A few of these columna — see
Musculi papilla'res—are attached by one extre-
mity to the walls of the heart, and, by the other,
give  insertion to chordae tendineiv.
   Columns Carne.e of the Rectum, see Rectum
—c.  Papillares, see Columnse Carneae.
   COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA,  Bahel.
   COLUMNS,  MEDIAN.  POSTERIOR OF
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA, Funiculi gra-
ciles—c. of Morgagni or of the Rectum,  see Rec-
tum— e.  of the  Spinal Marrow, see Vertebral
Nerves.
   COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea.
   COLUSTRUM, Colostrum.
   COLU'TEA. C. Arbores'cens, C. hirsu'ta, Senna
| German'ica, Bladder Senna,  (F.) Baguenaudier,
j Faux Sene.  Fam. Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syst. Di-
! adelphia  Decandria.   The leaves  are slightly 
COLUVRINE DE VIRGINIE       224
purgative, and are often mixed with those of the
cassia senna.
  COLUVRINE DE  VIRGINIE, Aristolochia
serpen taria.
  COLYM'BADES, Pickled  Olivea.   These,
when bruised  and applied to a burnt part, were
supposed to be able to prevent vesication.—Dios-
corides.
  COLYMBIFERA MINOR, Mentha crispa.
  COMA, St'iiiisonlnis, Semisopltits,  Semisopo'-
rus, Subeth, (Arab.)  A profound state of sleep,
from which it  is extremely difficult to rouse  the
individual.  It is a  symptom which occurs  in
many diseases.  Two varieties  are distinguished,
1. Coma  vigil,  Coma agrypno'des,  Pervigilium,
 Vigil'ia nim'ia, Typho'nia,  Veter'nus, Veternos'-
itas, Agrypnoco'ma,  Cams lethar'gus vigil.  Ty-
phoma'nia, which is accompanied with delirium.
The patient  has his eyes closed, but opens them
when called; and closes them again immediately.
This state is accompanied with considerable rest-
lessness.  2. Coma Somnolen'tum, C. Comato'des;
— in which the paiient speaks when roused, but
remains  silent  and immovable in the intervals.
Coma is a deeper sleep than  sopor, but  less so
than lethargy and carua.
  Coma, Capillus — c. Agrypnodes, see Coma —
c. Apoplexia, Apoplexy—c. Csesarea, Plica — c.
Comatodes, see Coma—c Somnolentum, Somno-
lency, see Coma — c. Vigil, see Coma.
  COM A CON, Myristica moschata.
  COMAN'DRA UMBELLA'TA, Baatord Toad-
flax ; indigenous; Order, Santalaceae : flowering
in May and  June; has  been used  in fevers by
some of the Indian tribes.
  COMAROS, Arbutus unedo.
  COMA'RUM PALUS'TRE, Potentilla palua'-
tria,  Marsh  Cinquefoil.  An indigenous  plant,
Family, Rosacea?, which flowers  in June.   It is
possessed of astringent virtues.
  CO'MATA, from xwpa.  Diseases  characterized
by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion,
with sleep  or impaired state  of the  senses. —
Cullen.
  COM ATE UX, Comatose.
  COMATODES, Comatose.
  COM'ATOSE, Comato'dea, Carot'icua, Caro'dea,
(F.) Comateux.  Relating to or resembling  coma:
—as comatose sleep, comatose fever,  Ac.
  COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL,
Combustion, human.
  COMBUSTIO, Burn — c. Spontanea, Combus-
tion, human.
  COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Sponta'neoua Com-
bue'tion or Preternalural  Combuetibil'ity, Cata-
cau'sis,  Tachencau'sia, Incen'dium  aponta'neum,
Combus'tio sponta' nea, Autempresm' us,  Catacau'sis
ebrio'sa, (F.) Combustion humaine,  C. spontanee.
These terms have been applied to the extraordi-
nary phenomenon of a rapid destruction  of the
human  body,  by being reduced  to ashes either
spontaneously or by the contact of  an  ignited
substance.  It  is said to have occurred  in  the
aged, and in  those  that  were fat  and hard
drinkers.  In  such, Dr. Traill  has  found  a  con-
siderable quantity of oil in the serum of the blood.
Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces-
sary, that the body should be placed in contact
with an  ignited substance.  Le  Cat,  Kopp, and
Marc are of  opinion  that this  is not necessary.
The former appears to be the more probable view.
  COMBUSTURA, Burn.
  COMEDONES, see Acne.
  COMES ARCHIATRORUM, see Exarchiater.
  COMESTIBLE,  (F.) Edu'lis,  from comedere,
1 to eat'  Eatable, (F.) Edule.  Esculent.  When
this word is used substantively,  in French as in
English, it means solid food.
COMMOTIO
  COMEZ.  Haifa drop.—Ruland.
  COMFREY, Symphytum—c. Spotted, Pulmo.
naria.
  COMISTE, Aliment.
  COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication.
  COMMEM'ORATIVE, Commemorati'vus, from
commemorare, (con and mentor,) ' to cause to re-
member.'  That which recalls, or rather which
is recalled.
  Commemorative Signs, (F.) Signes commemo-
ratifs,  are those,  deduced from circumstances
which have gone before;  or rather, according to
others, those which point out the preceding  con-
dition of the patient.  They are  also called An-
amnestic signs.
  COMMENSUM, Symmetry.
  COMMERCIUM, Sympathy.
  COMMI, Gummi.
  COM'MINUTED,  Comminu'tus, from commi-
nuere,  (con and minuo,) ' to  break  to pieces.'
(F.)  Comminutif.  A comminuted fracture is one
in which the  bone is  broken  into a  number of
pieces.
  COMMINU'TION,  Comminu'tio, Thrypsis,
Leio'sis.  .Same  etymon.  Fracture  of a bone
into  a number of pieces.
  COMMISSURA, Articulation.
  Commissura Anterior Cerebri, Commissure,
anterior, of the  Brain.
  Commissu'ra  Brevis. A. lobule or prominence
of the inferior vermiform process of  the cerebel-
lum, situate in  the incisura posterior, below the
horizontal fissure.
  Commissura Labiorum, Prostomia—c. Magna
cerebri, Corpus  callosum—c. Nervea, Syndesmo-
sis—c. Ossium carnea, Syssarcosis.           •
  Commissura Posterior Cerebri, Commissure,
posterior, of the Brain.
  Commissura Simplex.  A small lobule or  pro-
minence of the  superior vermiform process, near
the incisura posterior of the cerebellum.
  COMMISSU'RAL;  same etymon as commis-
sure.  Of or belonging to a commissure.
  COM'MISSURE, Commissu'ra,  Compa'ges,
Compagina'tio, Sym'physis, Sym'bole;  from com-
mitto, (eon and mitto,) 'I join together.' A point
of union between two parts:  thus, the commis-
sures of the  eyelids,  lips, Ac, are  the angles,
which  they  form at  the  place  of  union.  See
Fibres, converging.
  Com'missure, Ante'rior, of the Brain, Com-
missu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri, (F.) Commissure ante-
rieure du cerveau.  A small medullary fasciculus,
situate transversely at the anterior part of the
third ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres.
  Commissure,  Great, of the Brain, Commis-
eu'ra Magna Cer'ebri,  (F.) Grande eommiasure dn
cerveau, which  unites the two hemispheres for
some extent, is the Corpua collo'aum.
  Commissure,  Middle, of the Brain. A layer
of gray substance uniting the thalami optici.
  Commissure,  Oblique or Intercerebral, see
Valvula Vieussenii — c. Optic,  see Chiasmus.
  Commissure,  Posterior, of the Brain, Com-
miaau'ra poate'rior cer'ebri.  A medullary band,
situate at the posterior part of the third or middle
ventricle.
  Commissure of TnE Uvea, Ciliary ligament.
  COMMISSURE DE LA  CHORO'IDE,  Cili-
ary ligament.
  COMMO'SIS, from xoppow,  'I adorn.'  The
art of concealing natural deformities, as by paint-
ing.the face.  See, also, Propolis.
  COMMO'TICE, in the older writers, meant the
art of communicating factitious beauty to a per-
son.  Painting  the face;  Comopor'ia.
  COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion—c. Cerebri,
Concussion of the brain. 
COMMOTION
225
COMPRESSION
  COMMOTION, Concussion — c. du Cerveau,
Concussion of the brain.
  COM M U'NICANS, from communia, 'common.'
('nnjiin'gena.  That which communicates or esta-
blishes a communication.  Communicant.  There
aro two Arteria Cominunican'tea, both within the
cranium; — the one anterior, very short, and ex-
tending transversely from one  anterior cerebral
artery to the other,—the  other poaterior, called
also Commnnicona Willis'ii, which passes from
the internal carotid to the posterior cerebral ar-
tery.   It is a branch of the basilary.
  Communicans Noni.  A long slender nervous
branch, formed by filaments from the first, second
and third cervical nerves, which descends upon
the outer side  of the internal jugular vein, and
forms a loop with the descendens noni over the
sheath of the carotids.
  Communicans Peronei, see Communicans pop-
litei.
  Communicans Poplite'i, C. tibia'lis (nervua.)
A large nerve, which arises from  the popliteal;
and, at a variable distance below the articulation
of  the knee, receives the communicana  peronei
from the peroneal nerve, — the two  forming the
external eaphenous nerve.
   Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitei.
   COMPACT,  Compac'tue, from con and pangere,
'to strike, to fix.'  Solid, close.  (F.) Compacte.
The term Compact Tiaeue is given to the  hardest
and closest parts of bone.
   COMPAGES,  Articulation,  Commissure — c.
Ossium per  Lineam Simplicem, Harmony — c
Vertebrarum, Vertebral column.
   COMPAGINATIO, Commissure.
   CO MP AS D'EPAISSEUR, see Pelvimeter.
   COMPASSIO, Sympathy.
   COMPEBA,  Piper cubeba.
   COMPENSATION, Balancement.
  COMPEPER, Piper cubeba.
   COMPER'NIS; from con, andperna, 'a gam-
mon of bacon with the leg on.'   One who has his
knees turned inwards.   A case of distortion of
the legs.
   COMPETENTIA  MEMBRORUM OMNIUM,
Sy mine try.
   COMPLAINT, Disease.
   Complaint, Family, see Hereditary.
   COMPLEMENTAL AIR, see Respiration.
   COMPLEMENTARY AIR,  see Respiration.
   COMPLETIO, Plethora.
  COMPLEX, Complex'ua, from con, 'with,' and
plcctere, ' to twist.'  Embracing several  distinct
things.   Chaussier uses this term, in his anato-
mical descriptions, for cdmplicoted.
  COMPLEXIO,  Coition,  Complexio,  Confusio,
Temperament.
  COMPLEXION,  Complex'io.  This  is  often
employed, in English, for the colour of the face,
as " He has a good complexion,"—a " aallow com-
plexion," Ac.   It formerly had a more extensive
signification, and still has in France. It signifies
the aggregate  of physical characters presented
by  any individual, considered with respect to his
external arrangement or condition.  It  means
more than conatitution, for which it is used syno-
nymously in  many cases; and  differs from tem-
perament, which is  less  the  external  condition
of the body than  the state or disposition of the
organs in health.—II. Cloquet
  COMPLEXES, Complex.
  Cosiplexus Minor, Maato'ideus latera'lis, Tra-
ehe'lo-iniisto'iileus,(F.)Trachelo-maato'idien, Muscle
petit  Complexus.   It arises from the transverse
processes of the last four cervical vertebra^, and
is inserted into the mastoid process.
  Complexus  Mus'cllus, Biven'ter  Cervi'cis,
Complexus Major, Dorao-tracheion-occipital, Tra-
         15
chelo-occipital (Ch.), (F.) Muscle grand complexus.
A muscle, situate at the hind part of the neck,
where it extends from the interval that separates
the two prominent ridges on the posterior surface
of the os  occipitis to the transverse and articular
processes  of  the  last six  cervical  vertebra;, as
well as to those of the first five dorsal.  It serves
to straighten, incline,  and turn the head.
  COMPLICATION,  Complica'tio,  from  con,
'with,' and plicare, 'to fold.'  In medicine, it
means the presence  of several  diseases, morbi
complica'ti seu perplex'i, or of several  adventi-
tious circumstances foreign to the primary disease.
  COMPOSITION,  Compoeil'io,  from compo-
nere, (con andponere, 'to place ;' 'to place toge-
ther.'  Syn'theeia.  The act of composing or com-
pounding,—of medicines for example ;  lamato-
ayntax'ia.  Also,  the Compound, Compos'itum, or
thing compounded.  Likewise, a combination.
  COMPOSITUM, Compound.
  COMPOUND.   Same etymology ; to mix me-
dicines.   To mingle  different ingredients  into
one whole.  Used adjectively,  compound signifies
the result of the  union  of  several medicinal
agents, as " a compound medicine."
  COMPREHENSIO, Catalepsy.
  COMPRENSIO, Catalepsy.
  COM'PRESS, Comprea'ea, Splenium, Sp>leniola,
Splenia'cua, Pla'gula, Penicillum, Penic'ulum,
from  comprimere, (con, and premcre, 'to press,')
'to press  together.'   (F.) Compresse.   Folded
pieces of lint or rag, so contrived  as, by the  aid
of a bandage, to make due pressure upon  any
part.   According to their shape, direction,  and
use, compresses have been called long ((F.) lon-
guettea,)  aquare  (carrees,) triangular, prismatic,
graduated  (graduees,) split (fendues,) feuetre'es,.
cribiees, croix de Malte, oblique, circular, divid-
ing (divisives,) uniting (unisantes,) cribriform, Ac.
  The Umschlag or compress of the hydropa-
thists  is a cloth, well  wetted with cold  water*.
applied to the surface near the supposed seat of
disease, securely covered with a dry cloth, and
changed as often as it becomes dry.  It is some-
times covered with a layer of oiled silk, to  pre-
vent evaporation.
   COMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN, Com-
pressor of Dupuytren — c. du Nez, Compressor
nasi — c. de la Prostate, Compressor prostata?.
  COMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis.
  COMPRESSION,  Compressio,  Enerei'sis.
Same  etymology.  Pressure;  methodical  com-
pression.   An agent frequently had recourse to
in surgery.  We  compress  a  limb, affected with
oedema, varices, hydrops articuli, callous ulcer, Ac.
The abdomen is  compressed after delivery, after
paracentesis abdominis, Ac.   The compression is
produced by means of the roller, laced stocking,
Ac, according to the  part,  and to the particular
case.   Moderate  j>ressure  aids the contractility
of parts, and  excites the action of the absorbents ;
so that large tumours at times disappear after it
has been used for some time.   A greater degree
of pressure occasions, still  more, the emaciation
of the part, but it is apt to impede the circula-
tion.   Pressure is often used to stop or moderate
the flow of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds
of arteries and veins.   In  such cases, the com-
pression  may be  immediate, when applied upon
the artery itself,  or it may be mediate, when ap-
plied  through the  integuments and soft  parts.
The French use the term Compression immediate
laterale for that which is exerted perpendicularly
to the axis of a  vessel, so as to flatten its sides..
It is practised with the finger, forceps, tourniquet,
compresses, Ac.
  Compres'sion op the Brain.   This may arise
either  from coagula of blood, a  soft tumour,, a 
               COMPRESSIVE              25

bony  excrescence, a  depressed  portion  of the
skull, or the presence of some foreign body. The
effects vary, according as the compression takes
place  suddenly or gradually. When suddenly,
the symptoms are of the comatose or apoplectic
character.  When gradually, mania, convulsions,
Ac,  are more likely  to  occur.   Compression,
arising from a depressed portion of skull, requires
the use of the trephine.
  COMPRES'SIVE, Compressi'vua.  That which
compresses.  A compressive bondage  is one that
compresses the parts to which it is applied.
  COMPRES'SOR or COMPRESSO'RIUM OF
DUPUYTREN,  (F.) Compresseur de Dupuytren.
An instrument for compressing the  femoral ar-
tery, invented by Dupuytren.  It is  constructed
on the same principles as the tourniquet of J. L.
Petit, from which it only differs in  this respect;—
that, instead of being maintained in its place by a
strap, which always compresses more or less the
circumference of the limb, the two pads are placed
at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, which, by
passing from one to the  other without touching
the parts,  limits the pressure  to two opposite
points of the thigh, and permits the collateral
circulation to go on.
  Compressor Naris, Rena'us, Nasa'lis, Trans-
versa'lia Naai, Myrtiform'ia, Dilotato'rea ala'rum
nasi,  Conatric'tor Js'ctsi, C.  Na'rium, C. Naris,
Triangula'ria Naai, (F.) Max Mo -narinal, Sua-
maxillo-naaal, — (Ch.,)   Compresseur du nez,
Transversal du nez.  A muscle, situate at the sides
of the nose ;  flat and triangular.   It arises from
the inner part of  the fossa canina, and passes to
the dorsum of the nose; where it is confounded
with that of the opposite side.
  Compressor or Constrictor of Nuck.  An
instrument for compressing the urethra, to ob-
viate  incontinence of urine.  It consists of  a
girdle of  iron, which  surrounds  the pelvis, to
which is fixed a plate of the same metal, that
compresses the urethra in perinao.
  Compressor Pros'tat^e,  Prostat'icua  aupe'-
rior,  Pubio-prostalicus, Sub-pubio-prostalicua,
(F.) Compresseur de la prostate.   A  muscle, ad-
mitted by Albinus, which is formed of the ante-
rior fibres  of the Levator ani, that embrace the
prostate.   It is  the  Prostalicua supe'rior of
Winslow.
  Compres'sor Ure'thRjE.  A muscle consisting
of two portions—one of which is transverse in its
direction, and, in consequence of its having been
particularly described by Mr. Guthrie, has been
ealled Guthrie's muscle. It arises from the ramus
of the ischium, and passes inwards  to embrace
the membranous  urethra.  The other portion is
perpendicular,  descending  from the pubis and
passing  down to be inserted into  the transverse
portion  of the muscle.  This portion has been
considered by many to be only the anterior fibres
of the levator ani; and  having been described
by Mr. Wilson, it has been called  Wilson's muscle.
   Compressor VenjE Dorsa'lis Penis.  A small
muscle,  distinctly seen in animals, less distinctly
in man, which arises from the ramus of the pubis,
and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted
above the vena  dorsalis,  joining with its fellow
of the opposite side on the mesial line.   Its use
is supposed to compress the  vein in erection.  It
is sometimes called the muscle of Houston, after
Dr. Houston of Dublin.
   COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor.
_  COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'LIA,Z»2tii7/aiB'-
bar peregri'na, L. aaplenifo'lia, Myo'ica aepleni-
fo'lia, Sweet Fern, Shrubby Sweet Fern, Sweet
bueh.,  Fern bueh, Fern gale, Spleenwort  bush,
Meadow fern, Astringent root.  An indigenous
shrubby plant, which grows in sandy or stony
26                 CONCHA

 woods from New England  to Virginia.  It pos-
 sesses tonic and astringent properties, and is used
 as a domestic remedy in diarrhoea, Ac, in the
 form of decoction.
   COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing.
   CONvESTHESIS,  Ccena3sthesis.
   CONARIUM, Pineal gland.
   CONATUS, Effort.
   CONCARNATIO,  Syssarcosis.
   COXCASSER, (F.),  from conquassare,  (con,
 and  quassare, 'to shake much,') 'to  break to
 pieces;' 'to comminute.'  To reduce roots, woods,
 Ac. into small fragments, in order that their ac-
 tive  principles may  be more readily separated
 from them.
   CONCAU'SA, Concaua'ea, Syna'tion.  A cause
 which co-operates with  another, in the produc-
 tion of disease.
   CONCAVITAS CONCHULARIS CEREBRI,
 Infundibulum of the brain.
   CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole.
   CONCENTRAN'TIA,  from con and centrum,
 'a centre.'   A name  once given to absorbents of
 acids.
   CONCENTRA'TION.  Concentra'tio.  A word
 sometimes  used, in medical theories, to express
 an afflux of fluids, or a convergence of sensibility
 or of vital force, towards  an organ.  It is applied,
 also, to the pulsation of arteries, when not easily
 felt under the finger.      ^
   POULS  CONCENTRE,  (F.)   A term  ap-
 plied  by the  French to a  pulse  of the above
 character.
   CONCEPTACULA • SEMINARIA, Vesiculas
 seminarise.
   CONCEPTACULUM,  Uterus, Vessel.
   CONCEPTIO,  Conception — c. Vitiosa, Preg-
 nancy, extra-uterine.
   CONCEP'TION,  Concep'tio,  Concep'tua, Cye'-
 sis, Syllep'sis, Androlep'sia, from  coneipio, (con
 and cmpio,) 'I conceive.'  The  impregnation  of
 the ovum by the positive contact of the male
 sperm, whence results a  new being.  The whole
 subject of conception is most  mysterious.  It
 seems  to occur  as follows.   During the sexual
 union, the male sperm passes along the uterus
 and Fallopian tubes: the fimbriated extremities
 of the latter seize hold of the ovarium;  and the
 sperm in this manner comes in contact with a
 maturated  ovum, and impregnates it.   The  fe-
 cundated ovum remains some time in the ovarium,
 but at length bursts its covering, is laid hold of
 by  the fimbriated  extremity of the Fallopian
 tube, and passes along the tube into the cavity
 ef the uterus, where it remains for the full period
 of utero-gestation.   Some are of opinion, that
 the ovum is not impregnated until it has entered
 the Fallopian tubes, or uterus.
   Conception,  False, Faleua  Concep'tua, Spn'-
 rium germen, (F.) Fauaae  conception, Faux germe.
 An irregular, preternatural conception, the result
 of which  is a mole  or some similar production,
 instead of a properly organized foetus. See Mole.
   CONCEP'TUS.  The  first rudiments of the
 foetus, after conception.   Also, conception.
   Conceptus  Falsus, Conception, false.
   CONCHA,   Conchua.   A  liquid  measure,
 amongst the Athenians, equal to half an ounce.
 Anatomists  apply this  term to several  hollow
 parts  of the body;—as the Concha of the Ear,—
 Concha Auria, Concha Auric'ula ; (F.) Conquc—
 the hollow part of the cartilage of the external
 ear.   It has,  also, been  applied  to the  genital
 organs of  the female; to the patella, Ac.
   Concha, Patella,  Turbinated  bone  (middle,)
 Vulva — c. Auris interna, Cochlea—c Cerebri,
 Infundibulum of the brain—c Genu, Patella—c.
 Inferior, Turbinated bone, (inferior) — c. Laby- 
CONCILE NARIUM            227                CONDUIT
 riiithi,  Cochlea—c  Moriragniana,  Turbinated
 bone, (superior)—c. Narium superior, Turbinated
 bone, (superior).
   CONCILE NARIUM, Turbinated_boncs.
   CONCIIA'RUM  ANTIFEBRI'LE.  A febri-
 fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Pharma-
 cop'iia.  It was composed of vinegar, mussel-
 shells, and water of Carduua benedictua.
   CONCJIO-IIELIX.  A small, fleshy, fascicu-
 lus, attached to the concha of the car and helix.
 It is also called the email muecle of the  helix.
   CONCIIUS,  Concha.   The cranium.  In the
 plural,  it means the orbitar cavities.—Castelli.
   Conthus  Oculi, Orbit.
   CONCIIYLIA. Turbinated bones.
   CONCIDENTIA, Collapse.
   CONCILIA CORPORALIA, Coitus.
   CONCIL'IUM.  A milky plant, referred to by
 Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical.  Adanson
 considers it to be a Campanula.
   CONCOCTED, Concoc'tue, Matura'tus,  Pepel-
 rus; from con and coqnere, 'to boil.'  Brought to
 inaturitv ; ripe; concocted; digested.
   CONCOCTIO. Coction—c Tarda, Dyspepsia.
   CONCOCTION, Coction.
   COXCOMBRE ORDINAIRE, Cucumis sati-
 vus—c. Sauvage, Momordica elaterium.
   CONCOMITANS, Concomitant.
   CONCOMTTANT,  Concomittant, from con and
 comitare, (itself from comirc, — cum and ire,) 'to
 go with.'  That which accompanies.  A symptom
 which accompanies others.
 m CONCREMATIO, Calcination.
   COXCREMEXTA  ZOOUYLICA,  see  Zoo-
 hylica.
   roNTREMENTUM,  Concretion.
   CONCRETIO, Adherence, Concretion —c.
 Palpebrarum cum hulbo oculi,  Symblepharosis.
   CONCRE'TION,  Concre'tio, ' Concremcn'turn,
 from concrcscere, (con and crescere.) ' to condense,
 thicken, become solid:'  Pexis, Sympex'is, irn^ts,
 wvpwnl-is.   The act of becoming thick or solid.
 It was once used synonymously with  adhesion or
 growing together, — as,  " concretion of the toee."
 Most commonly, it is applied to extraneous and
 inorganic  bodies, of a solid character,  met with
 in different textures, after certain chronic  inflam-
 mations ; or which make their  appearance in the
 joints or in the reservoirs for excrementitial fluids.
 Concretion  is,  therefore, frequently synonymous
 with Calculus, and is then rendered, in Latin, by the
 word Concrementum.   But Concretion  has  a more
 extensive signification than Calculus; thus, acci-
 dental-ossifications or deposits of phosphate of lime
 in certain organs, and especially in the liver and
 lungs,  are  properly called oaaeoua  concretiona.
 They could not well be called osseous  calculi.
   Concretion,  Fibrinous,  Sanguineous, Po-
 lypiform, or Polypus, of the  Heart,  see Poly-
 pus—c. Intestinalis, Calculus  of the Stomach and
 Intestines.
   CONCRETIONES ALVIN.E, Calculi  of the
 stomach and intestines.
   CONCUBITUS, Coition—c. Venereus, Coition.
   CONCUR'SUS. from concurrere, (con, and cur-
 rere, cursum, 'to run,') 'to meet together,' Syn'-
 drome.  The congeries or collection of symptoms,
 which constitute and distinguish a particular dis-
 ease.
  CONCUS'SION,   Commo'tion,  from  conditio,
 (con and quatcre, 'to shake,') 'I shake together.'
 Caicus'sio, Thlasma Concus'sio, Commo'tio, Ana-
sis'mus,  Tinagmus, (F.) Commotion. In Surgery,
it is used for the agitation often communicated to
one organ by a fall upon  another; as to the brain
from a fall on the breech, Ac.
  In all severe injuries; in  sudden  encephalic
hemorrhage, and in overwhelming emotions, a
 concueeion or ehock is felt to a greater or less ex-
 tent in the nervous system, which requires tho
 careful attention of the physician.
   Concussion of the Brain, Commo'tio Cer'ebri,
 Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  traumalica,  Encephalosis' -
 mue,{F.) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes gives
 rise to alarming symptoms, even to  abolition of
 the functions of the brain, yet without any ten-
 sible  organic disease.   Slight concussion of the
 brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus
 aurium, loss of memory, and stupefaction; all
 these being temporary. When more severe-, there
 is instant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting,
 the patient being as if in a sound sleep, but there
 is no stertorous  breathing.   Pulse variable, gene-
 rally more rapid and feeble than in compression;
 extremities  cold.  Little  can be done here, till
 reaction has occurred: after this, the case must
 be treated according to general principles,—by
 bleeding,  blisters,  cold applied to  the head, Ac.
 After severe concussion, a patient, although ap-
 parently well, is not safe till some time after the
 accident.
   CONDENSAN'TIA, from con and deneua,
 'dense;'   Incroaaon'tia.   Medicines esteemed
 proper for inspissating the humours.
   CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis.
   CONDENSATION, Condenaa'tio,  Inapieaa'tio.
 Increase in density of the blood and other liquids,
 or of the solids,  which enter into the  composition
 of the human body.
   CONDENSER,  see Alembic.
   Conden'ser, Liebig's.  A distillatory arrange-
 ment, invented by Liebig, in which the tube con-
 veying the vapour is made to pass through an-
 other  tube, the calibre of which  is  such  as to
 leave a space between the  two, through which  a
 stream of water  mav be made to run.
   CON'DIMENT. ' Condimeii'tum, Ar'tyma, He-
 dys'ma, Conditu'ra, from  condire, 'to season.'
 (F.) Assaissonnement.  Some substances are called,
 at times,  aliments, and at others, condiments, ac-
 cording as they  constitute the basis or the acces-
 sory to any dish:  such are cream, butter, mush-
 rooms, olives, Ac.  Others are always condiments,
 as they are only used to improve  the savour of
 food, and contain but little nutritive matter.  Such
 are pepper, salt, cinnamon, Ac.  Almost all con-
 diments are possessed of stimulant properties.
   COXDIT, Confection.
   CONDI'TUM, same  etymon.  A pharmaceu-
 tical  compound  of wine, honey, and some aro-
 matics. especially pepper.   Also, a confection.
   CONDITURA CADAVERUM,  Embalming.
   CONDOM, Armour, (F.) Baudruche, Reclin-
 gote Anglaise, Gant des Dames, Calotte d'assur
 once.  The intestinum cascum of a sheep, soaked
 for some hours  in  water, turned inside  out, ma
 cerated again in weak, alkaline ley, — changed
 every twelve hours, and scraped carefully to ab
 stract the  mucous  membrane, leaving the perito
 neal and muscular coats exposed to the vapour of
 burning brimstone, and afterwards washed with
 soap and water.   It is then blown up, dried, cut
 to the length of seven or eight inches, and  bor-
 dered at the open end with a riband.  It is drawn
 over the penis prior to  coition, to prevent vene-
 real infection and pregnancy.
   CONDUCTIO, Tonic spasm, Convulsion.
   CONDUCTION,   VIBRATIONS OF,  see
 Sound.
  CONDUCTOR,  Direc'tor, Itinera'rium,   (F.)
 Condttcteur; from  con,  'with,' and ducere,  'to
lead.'  That which  conducts.  The Conductor^as
an instrument, formerly used in the high opera-
tion for the stone, for directing the forceps into
the bladder.
   COXDUIT, Canal —c. Auditif externe, Audi- 
CONDUITS
223
CONFECTIO
tory canal, external—c. Auditif interne, Auditory
canal,  internal — c. Auriculaire, Auditory canal,
external—e. Choledoque, Choledoch duct—c. De-
ferent, Deferens—c. d'Eustache, Eustachian tube
—c. Gutturale de I'oreille, Eustachian tube—c. La-
byrinthique, Auditory canal, internal — c. Ptery-
goidien, Pterygoid  canal—c. Sousorbitaire, Sub-
orbitar canal — c. Spermatique, Deferens (vas)—
c.  Thoracique, Thoracic ductr—c. Vidien, Ptery-
goid canal.
   CONDUITS  ADIPEUX, Fatty canals — c.
Aqueux,  see Aqueous — e. Aveugles de I'urlthre,
see Ciceus—c. Dentaires, Dental canals—c. Eja-
eulateurs, Ejaculatory ducts—c. Lacrymaux, La-
chrymal ducts—c. Lactiflree, Lactiferous vessels
—c. Nourriciera, Canals, nutritive—c. Nutriciera,
Canals, nutritive.
   CONDYLARTHRO'SIS, from xovlvXos, 'a con-
dyle,' and apdoov, 'ajoint.'  Articulation by con-
dyles.   An  elongated head or condyle, received
into an elliptical cavity.
   CON'DYLE,  Con'dyle, Con'dylua, Capit'ulnm,
from xovlvXos, 'a knot,  eminence.'  An articular
eminence, round in  one direction, flat in the other.
A kind of process, met  with more particularly in
the ginglymoid  joints;—such as the condyles of
the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, Ac.  Some
anatomists  have applied the term, however, to
eminences that are not  articular,—as to the late-
ral tuberosities at the inferior extremity of the os
humeri, and even to certain depressions, — as to
the concave articular surfaces at the upper extre-
mity of the  tibia.   Chaussier calls the transverse
root of the zygomatic process Condyle of the tem-
poral  bone.
   CONDYLE DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
of the fingers.
   CONDYLIEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
   CONDYLIUS, Condyloid.
   CON'DYLOID,  Condylo'i'deus, Condylo'des,
Condylius, from xovlvXos, a ' condyle,' and etlos,
'shape.'   Having the shape of a condyle.
   Condyloid Foram'ina, Foram'ina Condyloidea,
(F.) Troua eondylo'idiens, Fosses condylo'idiennes.
These  are distinguished into anterior and poste-
rior.  They  are four in number,  seated in  the
occipital  bone;—two anterior, and two posterior
to  the condyles or condyloid processes  of  the
same bone, and to depressions, which are called
Fossa  Condyloidea.
   As the  word Condylo'idien means—' that which
has the shape of a condyle,' — it has been judi-
ciously proposed by some French anatomists that
condylien should be  used in preference, in  the
case of the foramina and fossas.
   CONDYLOIDIEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
   CONDYLO'MA, Condylo'sis, Con'dylus,  Ver-
ru'ca carno'sa, from xovlvXos, ' a knot,' ' an emi-
nence.' A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent
character, which appears near the orifice of the
genital organs and rectum,  and  occasionally on
the  fingers and toes.  It is a consequence of the
syphilitic virus.  Such tumours  are also called
Dermophy'mata vene'rea.
   CONDYLOSIS,  Condyloma.
   CONDYLUS, Condyloma.
   CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium antidysenteri-
cuni.
   CONFECTIO. Confec'tion, from conficio, (con,
and facere, ' to make,') ' I make up.'  Alig'ulus,
(F.) Confiture, Condit.  In general it means  any
thing  made up or preserved with sugar.  In the
late London Pharmacopoeias, it includes the arti-
cles before called electuaries and conserves. Con-
fee'tio or Confec'tum also means Confectionary.
   Confectio Alkermes, Alkermes.
   Confectio Amygdala'rum, Almond Confection,
Almond   Paste,  Pasta  re'gia, P.  Amygdallna,
Pasta Emulsi'va, Buty'rum Amygdala'rum DuV-
cium, (F.) Confection d'Amandes. (Sueet almonds,
§j ; gum acacia, gj ', white  sugar, 2[iY.  Blanch
the almonds,  and  beat into a paste.)  A good
mode of keeping almonds in a state fit for making
emulsions.
  Confectio Archig"eni, C. Paulina. (Castor,
long pepper,  black jiepjier, storax, galbanum,
costus,  opium, of each ,5ss; saffron, 5Jij ',  syrup
of wormwood, 3>j-)  It was  much recommended
as a stimulant in nervous affections.
  Confectio Aromat'ica, Electua'rium Aromat'-
icum,  C.  Cardiaca,  C.  Raleigha'na, Aromatic
Confection, Sir  Walter Raleigh'e Cardial.  The
following is the Ph. U. S. formula. (Pulv. aromat.
§vss;  croci, in  pulv. §ss; eyrup. aurant. 5vj;
Mel deepumat. ^ij.   Rub the  aromatic powder
with the saffron  ; then add the  syrup and hnney,
and beat together until thoroughly mixed.)  Dose,
di to &.
   Confectio Aurantio'rum, C. Auran'tii Cor'-
ticie, (Ph. U. S.), Conser'va  Cor'ticum Aurantio'-
rum, C. Cor'ticis Exterio'ris Aurantii Hispalen'-
sis, C.  Flaved'inia Corticum  Aurontiorum Ilisptt-
len'aium,  Conser'va Aurantii, C.  Citri Aurantii,
Confection of the  Orange,  Uonserve of Orange
Peel. ( Yellow part of the peel of the orange, Ibj ;
rectified sugar, Ibiij ; beat into a conserve.)  It is
stomachic, and  an agreeable vehicle, corrigent,
and adjuvant for other remedies.   Dose, ^ss.
   Confectio Cardiaca, Confectio aromatica.
   Confectio Cas'sia, Electua'rium  Cassia Fis'-
tula, E. Cassia, E. e Cassia, E. laxati'vum, Cm>-
aerva Cassia, Electuariuin Cassia tamarinda'tum
seu leniti'vum, Electua'rium e Cassia, Diacas'aia
cumMannd, Cassia Confection. (Cassiapulp, Ibss;
manna, 3;ij ;  tamarind pulp, ^j ;  syrup of roses,
Ibss.   Bruise  the manna,  dissolve by heat, mix
the pulp, and evaporate.)   It is gently laxative.
Dose, ^ss.
   Confectio Damocratis, Mithridate.
   Confectio Hamec,—so called from an Arabian
physician, — was composed of the  bark of  the
yellow myrobalans, black myrobulans, violets, jmlp
of  colocynth,  polypodium of the oak, Icares of
wormwood, thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pulpa
of prunea, raisins, eugar, honey, eenna, rhuburb,
Ac.  It was used as a purgative in glysters.
   Confectio  Hyacin'thi, Hy'aciuth Confection,
Electua'rinm  seu Con fed tio de Croco emenda'ta
olim dicta de hyacin'this, (Ph. P.)   A tonic and
slightly astringent confection, composed, accord-
ing  to  Baume,  of terra sigillata, crab'a stones,
cinnamon, leaves of the dittany of Crete, myrrh,
saffron, syrup of lemon, camphor, Narboune honey,
oil of lemon, Ac.: and formerly the hyacinth was
added, whenee its name.
   Confectio O'pii, Electua'rium Opia'tnm, Con-
fectio Opia'ta, Philo'nium Londincn'se, Theriacu
Edineu'sis,  Philo'nium Roma'num,  Electua'rium
 Theba'ievm.  Opium  Confection, (Opium, in pow-
der, 3iyss >  Pulv.  aromat.  3vj;  Mel despitmat.
§xiv; mix  thoroughly.   One grain of opium in
36: — Ph. U. S.)   It is  narcotic and stimulant.
Dose, gr. x to 3j-
   Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigcni — c.
ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium.
   Confectio Pip'eris Nigri,  Ward's  Paste for
Fis'tula.  (Block pepper,  elecampane root, each
Ibj; fennel  seed, lbiij; white sugar,  tbij.)  Dose,
size of a nutmeg, three or four times a day.
   Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica.
   Confectio Rosje Cani'nye, Conser'va Rosa
 Canina, Conserva  Cynos'bati, C.  Cynor'rhodi,
Rob Cynos'batos, Confection or Conserre of Dog
Rose.   (Pulp of dog roae, Ibj ;  augar, £xx.  In-
corporate. Ph. L.)  It is chiefly used as a vehicle
for other remedies. 
CONFECTION
229
CONGENITAL
  Confectio Ros.t:, C. Rosa Gallira, Conser'va
Rosa: Gttllica, Consevva Rosa, C. F/ornm Rosa'-
rnin  Rubra'rum,  C. Florum Rosa Rubra, Rho-
dosac'char urn,  Sac'charum  Rosa'ceum, C. Rosa
Rubra, Confection of the Red Rose.   (Red roses,
in powder, (^iv ; Sugar, in powder, 3XXX i Clari-
fied  honey,  ^vj; Rose  water, f.^viij.  Rub  the
roses with the rose  water at a boiling heat; then
add  gradually the  sugar and  honey, and beat
until thoroughly mixed. — Ph. U.  S.)   It is
astringent, and chiefly used as a vehicle for other
remedies.
  Confectio  Rutj?, Confection of  Rue.  (Rue
leaves dried, carraway seeds, bay berries, of each
3'ss; eagapenum, ^iv ; black pepper, ^'j ', honey,
oxvj ;  Mix.)  It is given in  clysters, as an  an-
tispasmodic and carminative.
  Confectio  de San'talis,  Confection  of  the
Sanders,  (F.) Confection de Sandau.r.  (Sandal
wood,  ml coral, bote armeniac, terra  sigillata,
kermes  berries, tormentil root,  dittany, saffron,
myrtle,  red roses, cdlcined hartshorn, and cloves.)
It was formerly used as an astringent.
  CoxFECTloScAinio'xiJE, Electua'rium Scammo'-
nii,  Ebctuarium e  Seammo'nio, Caryocostinum,
 Confection of Scam'mony.  (Powdered scammony,
3'Ss; bruised cloves, powdered  ginger, iia £vj ;
oi7  of carraway, 3SS; syrup  of roses,  q. s.)   A
stimulating  Mithartic.  Dose, gss to  gj-
  Co.vi'i:CTIO SENN.E, Electua'rium Cassia Senna,
E.  Senna cum  Pulpis,  E. Senna   compos'itum,
lie nedic'tum  Laxati'vum, Electuarium. ape'riene,
E. catholicum commu'ne, E. diapru'num, E. ecco-
prot'icum, E. Senna, E. e  Senna, E. leniti'vum,
 Confection of Senna, Ac.  (Senna leavea, ^viij;
figs, Ibj ; tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, pulp of
French  prunes, each Ibss; coriander seed, 5*iv;
liquorice  root, &uy, sugar, Ibiiss;  water, Oiv.
 Rub the senna and coriander together: separate
 10 ounces of the powder with a sieve; boil  the
residue with  the figs and liquorice root in  the
water to one-half; press out the liquor and strain.
 Evaporate the liquor by means of a water bath
 to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and  form a
syrup.   Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually
added; throw in the sifted powder,  and beat till
thoroughly mixed.—Ph. U.S.)  It is a laxative,
and  is used  in habitual  constipation, and  in con-
stipation during pregnancy.  Dose,  +,** to 5>s.
  Confectio  de Thure, Frank'incense Confec-
tion, (F.) Confection d'Eneene.  A compound of
coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, mastich,
cubeba, prepared hartehorn, conaerve  of red roses,
sugar, Ac.
  CONFECTION, Confectio—c. d'Amandes, Con-
fection, almond—c. d'Enenns, Confectio de Thure
—c. Frankincense,  Confectio de Thure—c of the
Orange, Confectio  aurantiorum — c. of the Red
rose, Confectio rosae Gallica;—c. of Rue, Confec-
tio rutie—c. de Sandaux, Confectio de santalis—
C. of tho Sanders, Confectio de santalis.
  CONFECTUM, Confection.
  CONFERVA HELMINTIIOCORTOS, Coral-
lina Corsicana.
  Confer'va Riva'lis.  This  species of River
 Weed has been recommended in cases of spas-
modic asthma, phthisis,  Ac
  CONFIRMANTIA, Tonics.
  CONFIRMED, Consummates.
  CONFITURE, Confection.
  CON FLUENT, Con'flucns,  from con, and flu-
err,  'to flow.' An  epithet for  certain exanthe-
matous affections, in which the pimples, pustules,
Ac,  run together.   It is particularly applied to
small-pox, so circumstanced. Some authors have
called scarlatina or scarlet fever Confluent Measles,
Morbilli Confluen'tes.
  COXFL UEXT DES SIXES, Torcular Hero.
phili.
  CONFLUEN'TIA,  Confccdera'tio; same ety-
mon as Confluent.  A term, employed by Para-
celsus to express the concordance between a dis-
ease and its remedies.
  CONFLUXIO, Sympathy.
  CONFfEDERATIO, Confluentia.
  CONFORMATIO, Conformation, Structure.
  CONFORMATION, Couforma'tio, Diap'lasis,
Diajilas'mus, Structure,  from conformare,  (con,
and formare, ' to form,') ' to arrange,' 'dispose.'
The natural disposition  or  arrangement of  the
body.
  Faulty conformation, (F.) I7ee de conformation,
is vice of original formation ; existing, of course,
from birth.  In French surgery, Conformation is
used synonymously with  Coaptation, and both it,
Diaplasis and Anaplasis mean, also, restoration
to the original form—as in fractures, Ac.
  CONFORTANTIA, Tonics.
  CONFORTATIVA, Tonics.
  CONFORTER (F.), Coufirma're, Conforta're,
Corrobora're.  To make stronger — to give  en-
ergy.  Conforter  lestomac,  ' to strengthen  the
stomach.'
  CONFRICA'TION, Confrica'tio, from confis-
cate, (con, andfricare,) 'to rub.'   The action of
reducing a  friable substance to powder, by rub-
bing it between the fingers; and  of  expressing
the juice of a plant with the hand.
  CONFRICA'TRIX, from con, 'with,' and fri-
care,  ' to rub.'  A female who  practises mastur-
bation.
  CONFU'SuE FEBRES.  Intcrmittents, whose
paroxysms are irregular and confused.—Bellini.
  CONFU'SIO, from confundo, (con and fundere,
'to  pour,') ' I mix together;'  Syn'chisis.  A dis-
ease of the eye, which consists  in the mixture of
the humours. — Galen.   In  modern times, Syn-
chysis has been applied to a morbid state of  the
vitreous body, in  which it is reduced to a difflu-
ent condition.  It has, also, been used synony-
mously with Complexio.
  CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections of  the
mind.
  CONGEE DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis-
charges.
  CONGELANTIA. Congelativa.
  CONGELATIO, Catal'epsy.
  CONGELATION,  Congela'tio, Conglacia'tio,
Gela'tio, from congelo, (con  and gelare,) 'I con-
geal,' ' I freeze.'   The action  of  congealing, of
passing to the solid  state by the  abstraction of
heat; as congelation of water, mercury, Ac.  The
term had once other acceptations.   1.  It was sy-
nonymous with concretion.  2. With coagulation,
in which sense it is still occasionally employed.
3. The ancients called all diseases, produced by
cold, congelations, as well as those in which there
was a kind of stupor or torpor—particularly cata-
lepsv.   Also, Frostbite.
  CONGELATI'VA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  Con-
glutinan'tio, Congelan'tia. Medicines, considered
capable of uniting or  consolidating wounds, Ac
  CON'GENER,  Congen'erous, from con, 'with,'
and genus, 'kind.'  (F.) Congenerc. Of the same
kind or species.   Resembling each other in some
manner.   When  applied to  muscles,  it means,
that they concur in the same  action ; in opposi-
tion to the word antagonist, or that which acts in
an opposite direction.
  In  France Congenb-es  is applied to those who
join in the dissection  of the same subject.
  CONCENIALIS. Congenital.
  CONGENITA NOTiE, N;cvus.
  CONGENTTAL, Con'genite,  Congenia'lis, Con-
gen'itus,  Syngen'icus,  from con, ' with,' and geni- 
CONGESTED
230
CONNECTICUT
tns, 'begotten.'   (F.)  Congenial ou  Congenital.
Diseases which  infants have at  birth:  hence,
Congenital affections are those that depend  on
faulty conformation ;  as congenital hernia, conge-
nital cataract, fke.  See Connate.
  CONGESTED, Hyperaemic.
  CONGESTIO,  Congestion — c.  Abdominalis,
Coeliaemia — c Pectoris, Stcthaemia — c. Pulmo-
num, Stethasmia—c  Sanguinis, Congestion.
  CONGESTION, Conges'tio, llhope, from con-
gerere, ' to amass, ' accumulate,' Ac.  Symph'ora,
IIamatepago'ge,Hamatosymphore'aia,Hamatoayn-
ogo'cje, Hmmorme'sis, Symphore'ma, Symphore'sis,
Synathrois'mus, Synathroe'sis, Sanguinis Conges'-
tio, Engorgement.  Accumulation of blood — hy-
peramia—in an organ. It is an important symp-
tom in febrile and other disorders.   It may arise
either from an extraordinary flow of blood by the
arteries, or from a difficulty in the return of blood
to the heart by the veins.  More often, perhaps,
it is owing to the latter cause, and  is termed  ve-
nous congestion, stasis  or stagnation — being not
unusually attended with symptoms of oppression
and collapse.
  Congestion of the Abdomen, Coeliaemia—c.
of the Brain, Stethaemia—c. Cerebrate, Cephalo-
hremia—e. du Cerveau, Cephalohasmia—c. of the
Lungs, Stethasmia—c. des Poumons, Stethaemia—
c. Sanguine rachidienne, Hypermyelohaemia.
  CONGESTIVE FEVER, see Fever, congestive.
  CONGLACIATIO, Congelation.
  CONGLO'BATE,Co>?i7/o&«'<ms, from conglobare,
(con, and globus, ' a ball,')' to collect,' ' to gather
into a ball.'   (F.) Conglobe.
  Conglobate   Gland,  Glan'dula congloba'ta,
Glandula  Muco'sa,  Hydraden,  Globate  gland,
Lymphat'ic  gan'glion, (F.)  Glande Conglobee,
Ganglion  lymphatique.  A round body, formed
of lymphatic vessels, connected together  by cel-
lular structure, but having neither a cavity nor
excretory  duct.   The  mesenteric, inguinal and
axillary glands are of this class.
  CONGLOBE, Conglobate.
  CONGLOMERATE, Couglomera'tus, from con,
and glomerare, 'to gather in a heap.'  Glonlcrate,
Glomera'tus,  (F.) Conglomere.  Heaped together.
  Conglomerate Glands, Glan'dula conglome-
ra'ta,  Glan'dula  vasculo'sa,  are  those  whose
lobules  are united under the same  membrane;
as the liver, kidney,  testicle. Ac.
  CONGLOMERATIO INTESTTNORUM, Epi-
ploce intestinalis.
  CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa.
  COAfGRES,  (F.)  Congress, Congres'sus,  from
congredi,  congressus, (con, and gradi,  ' to go,')
'  to go  together.'  This term, which has  often
been used synonymously with Coition,  means,
also, the ocular proof, formerly ordered by  judi-
cial authority,  in the presence of  surgeons and
matrons, to test the  impotence or capabilities of
parties ;—a most unsatisfactory and indecent ex-
hibition.  It  was forbidden by the  Parliament
of Paris in the year 1667.
  CONGRESSUS, Coition.
  CONI VASCULO'SI. Conical bundles, formed
by  the vasa efferentia of the testis; having their
base towards the epididymis, into the tube of
which they enter.
  CONIA, xovta.  A wine, prepared by ferment-
ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed
in sea-water.—Orfila.  See, also, Lixivium.
  CONIA SIS, Incrustation.
  CONIOSTOSIS, Pulverization,
  CONIS, Pulvis.
  CONISTERIUM,  Apodyterium.
  CONI'UM, C. macula'tum, Corian'drum macu-
la'tum, Cicuta major seu macula'ta seu Stoerk.it,
Ablotee, Cicuta terres'tris, Cicuta major fee'tida,
C. vulga'ris, Common Hemlock, Hemlock, Poison
parsley, Spotted parsley, (F.) Cigue ordinaire, C.
grande.   ATat. Ord.  Umbelliferoe.   Sex.  Syst.
Pentandria Digynia.  The leaves and seeds are
narcotio and poisonous  in an  over-dose.  Light
destroys the virtues of the leaves; and, therefore,
the powder should be kept in opaque bottles, well
corked. It has been used as a palliative in cancer
and other painful affections;  but is not  equal to
opium..  Externally, it  has  been applied  in fo-
mentation to  cancerous and  scrofulous ulcers.
Dose, gr. ij to  x.
  Da'vidaon'a  Remedy for Cancer is said to con-
sist of powdered hemlock and arsenious acid.
  Conium Moscha'tum,  Aracacha.  A very agree-
able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in
flavour not unlike celery, which  grows on the
coast  of Peru, but is more abundant on the pro-
jecting ridges  of the Cordilleras, and on the east-
ern declivity of the Andes. It is cooked by being
either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind
of soup.—Tschudi.
   CONJONCTIVE, Conjunctiva.
   CONJONCTIVITE,  see Ophthalmia—c. Blen-
norrhagique, see Ophthalmia.
   CONJUGAISON, Conjugation.
   CONJUGATION, Conjuga'tio, from eonjugare,
(con,  and jugum, 'a yoke,') 'to yoke together.'
(F.) Conjugaieon.  Assemblage, unkm,— Conju'-
gium.                            •
  Conjugations  Foram'ina, (F.) Trouade con-
jugaison.  The apertures at the sides of the  spine,
formed by the union of the notches of the verte-
bras.   They give passage to the nerves of the
spinal marrow, and to the vessels which enter or
issue  from the vertebral canal.
  CONJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation.
  CONJUNCTI  (MORBI),  from conjungere,
(con and jungere,)  'to join  together.'   Diseases
joined together.    Authors  have  distinguished
two kinds of these: one, in which the  diseases
go on simultaneously—morbi connex'i; the other,
in which they  succeed each  other—morbi  conse-
quen'tes.
  CONJUNCTIO, Articulation.              •
  CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICULAR, Xerophthal-
mia—c. Granular,  Trachoma.
  Conjunctiva  Membra'na,  Circnmcaula'lis,
Epipeph'yeos,  Tu'nica agna'ta, Tu'nica  adna'ta,
T. conjunctiva, Tunda oc'uli, (F.) Conjonctive,
Membrane adnee. A mucous membrane, so  called
because it unites the globe of the eye with the
eyelids.  It covers the anterior surface of the eye,
the inner surface of the eyelids, and the caruncula
lachrymalie.   It possesses great general sensibi-
lity, communicated to it by the fifth pair.
  CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia — c. iEgyp-
tiaca, Ophthalmia, purulent—c.  Blennorrhagica,
see Ophthalmia — c  Catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia,
catarrhal — c  Gonorrhoica, see Ophthalmia — c.
Puro-mucosa  catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, catarrhal
—c Puro-mucosa contagiosa vel .55gyptiaca, Oph-
thalmia, purulent.
  CONJUNGENS, Communicans.
  CONNATE, from con and natua, 'born with.'
  Connate  Diseases,  (F.) Malodica  conneea,
Morbi conno'ti, are such as an individual is born
with : — connate having  the same signification as
congenital. A difference has been made  by some,
however; those diseases or conditions which are
dependent upon  original conformation,  being
called congenital;—whilst the diseases or affec-
tions  that may have supervened during gestation
or delivery, are termed  connate.
  CONNECTICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
There is  a mineral spring at Stafford, in this state,
twenty-four miles from  Hartford, which has ob-
tained more celebrity than any one in New Eng- 
               CONNERVATIO

land.  Its principal ingredients are iron and car-
bonic acid.   It, consequently, belongs to the
class of acidulous  chalybeates.  There are  other
springs  in the state, of which, however, little that
is accurate is known.
  CONNEItVATIO, Syndesmosis.
 _ CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssarco-
Bis—c. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis—c. Ligamen-
tosa. Syndesmosis.
  CONNUTRI'TUS, Syn'trophoa, from con,
' with,'  and nutrior, ' I am nourished.'  A dis-
ease is so called which has grown up,  as it  were,
with an individual, or has been connate with him.
—Hippocrates, Galen.
  CONOID, Condi deus, Condi des, from xwvos, 'a
cone,' and eilos, 'shape.'   (F.) Cono'ide.  Resem-
bling a  cone.
  Conoid Lig'ament.   A ligament, passing from
the eoracoid process to the scapula, and forming
part of the coraco-clavicular  ligament of  some
anatomists.
  CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF THE  KID-
NEY, see Kidney.
  COXOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland.
  CONOPIITIIALMIA, Staphyloma cornea;.
  CONQUASSANT, (F.) Conquasaans, from con,
'with,' ' together,' and quaeaare, 'to shake.'  Dou-
leura conquossantes are  the pains of  parturition,
at the time of their greatest intensity, when the
head is  engaged in the pelvis.
  CONQUASSATION,  Conquassa'tio, Quassa'-
tio, Quassatu'ra.  Same etymon.  A pharmaceu-
tical operation, which consists  in dividing, with
a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, Ac.   See  Con-
fiscation.
  CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections of
the mind.
  CONQUE,  Concha.
  CON'SCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A somnam-
bulistic  condition, in which the individual leads,
as it were, two lives, recollecting in each condi-
tion what occurred in previous conditions of the
same  character,  but  knowing  nothing  of the
occurrences of the other. See Duality of the
Mind.
  CONSECUTIVE,  Consecutl vus, from con,
' with,'  and aequor, 'to follow.
  Consecutive Phenom'ena or Symptoms, (F.)
Phenombiea ou accidena  conaecutifa, are such as
appear after the cessation of a disease, or, accord-
ing to  others, during its decline;  but without
having  any direct connexion with it.
  CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive.
  CONSENSUS, Consent of parts, Sympathy.
  Consen'scs Oculo'rum.  The intimate  asso-
ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified in
their-consentaneous action in health, and often in
disease.
  CONSENT  OF PARTS, Consensus,  Consen-
sus  par'tium, Sympathla, from con, and  sentire,
'to  feel;' (F.) Consentcment  dea Parties.   That
relation of different parts of the body with  each
otheT which is more commonly denominated sym-
pathy.
  C()XSEXTEMENT  DES  PARTIES,  Con-
sent of parts.
  CONSERVATION,  Conserva'tio,   Phylax'is,
from conservare, (con,  and servare,) ' to preserve ;'
(F.) Conservation, Asservation.   The art of  pre-
serving  any  object of pharmacy, any remedial
agent, Ac. from decay.
  CONSER'VA,  Conserve.   Same etymon.  A
pharmaceutical preparation, composed of a vege-
table substance and a  sufficient quantity of sugar.
The London and American pharmacopoeias pre-
fer the term Confection.
  Conserva  Ausin'thii, C. absin'thii marit'imi,
Conserve of Wormwood.   (Leaves Ibj, sugar lbiij.)
1               CONSOMME

 It has been employed as a tonic, stomachic, and
 vermifuge.
  Conserva ANGEL'lCE,(Ph. P.) Conserved'Ange-
 iique, C. of Angelica.   (Pulp of root 250 parts ;
 white sugar, boiled in  a  decoction of the root,
 and reduced to the consistence of a solid electu-
 ary, 1000 parts.)  It is tonic, aromatic, and sto-
 machic.
  Conserva de A'pio  Grayeolen'te (Ph. P.),
 Conserve d'Ache, Conserve of Smallage.  Prepared
 like the preceding.   Reputed  to have  the  same
 properties.
  Conserva Ari,  Conserve of Arum.  (Freah
 root tbss, sugar lbiss.)   Esteemed to be diuretic
 and stimulant.
  Conserva Aurantii,  Confectio aurantiorum—
 c. Cassia;,  Confectio  cassiae—c. Citri aurantii,
 Confectio aurantiorum.
  Conserva Cochlea'rl,e Horten'sis, Conserve
 of Lemon Scurvy Grass.  (Leaves Rvj, sugar Ibiij.)
 Reputed to  be stimulant and antiscorbutic.
  Conserva  Corticis  Exterioris  Aurantii
 Hispalensis,  Confectio aurantiorum — c. Corti-
 cum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantiorum — c.
 Florum rosarum rubrarum, Confectio rosa? Gal-
 licae •— c Cynosbati, Confectio rosa? canina? — c.
 Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosa? canina? — c. Flavedi-
 nis corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Confectio
 aurantiorum.
  Conserva Lu'jul^e, C.  Folio'rumlu'jula, Con-
 serve  of Woodsorrel.  (Leaves Ibj, sugar Ibiij.)
 Gratefully acid and refrigerant.
  Conserva Mentha,  C. Mentha folio'mm, C.
 Mentha sativa, Conserve  of Mint.  (Leaves Ibj,
 sugar Ibiij.)  Stomachic in nausea and vomiting.
  Conserva Puuni  Sylves'tris, Pulpa pruno'-
 rum sylves'trium condi'ta,  C.  Prima sylvestris,
 Conserve of Sloes, (Pulp 1 part, sugar 3 parts.)
 Possessed of astringent properties.
  Conserva Ros.e, Confectio  rosa?  Gallica? — c.
 Rosas canina;, Confectio rosa?  canina; — c. Rosa?
 Gallica?, Confectio rosa? Gallicae.
  Conserva Scii.l.e, Conserve of Squill.  (Fresh
 squills ^j, sugar 3x.) Possesses the diuretic and
 other virtues of the squill.
  CONSERVE, Conserva, see Confectio —c.
 d'Ache, Conserva  de apio  graveolente — c.  of
 Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris — c. of Lemon
 scurvy grass, Conserva cochlearia? hortensis — c
 of Mint, Conserva menthae — c. of Orange, Con-
 fectio aurantiorum — c of Roses (red), Confectio
 rosa? gallicae — c. of  Smallage, Conserva de apio
 graveolente — c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujula?
 — c. of Wormwood, Conserva absinthii.
  CONSER YES, Spectacles.
  CONSIDEN'TIA.  This word has two accep-
 tations.  1. It is synonymous with Apocatastasis ;
 and, 2. It signifies  contraction of any cavity or
 canal:—See Svnezisis.
  CONSISTENTLY  A? Latin  term employed
 in two senses.  1. AVhen  joined to the word Morbi
 or JEtatis, it expresses the acme of a disease, or
 the age at which the constitution has acquired
 its full strength.  2. By Consisten'tia humo'ria is
 meant the density  of a humour.
  CONSOLIDA 'MAJOR, Symphytum — c. Me-
 dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — c
 Minor, Prunella—c. Regalis, Delphinium conso-
 lida — c Rubra, Tormentil — c Saracenica, Soli-
 dago virgaurea.
  CONSOLIDAN'TIA,  Consolidati'va Mcdica-
 men'ta, from con, and solidus, solid.  Substances,
 formerly given  for the purpose of consolidating
 wounds, or strengthening cicatrices.
  CONSOLIDATE A, Consolidantia.
  COASOMME, Consumma'tum, Zomos.   Soup,
 strongly charged with gelatin,  and consequently
 very nutritious, although not proportionably easy
 of digestion.
21 
CONSOMPTION
232
CONSUETUDO
  CONSOMPTION, Consumption.
  CONSONANCE, see Sound.
  CON'SONANT, Con'sonans, from consono, 'to
found together,' (con, 'with,' and sono, 'to sound,')
because it is generally believed that a consonant
cannot be properly expressed, except when con-
joined with a vowel.  Physiologically, a breath,
or a sound produced in the larynx, which suffers
more or less interruption in its passage through
the vocal tube.
  CONSORTIUM, Sympathy.
  CONSOUDE, GRANDE, Symphytum.
  CONSOUND, MIDDLE, Ajuga.
  CONSPERSIO, Catapasma.
  CONSPICILLA,  Spectacles.
  CONSP1RATIO, Sympathy.
  CONSTELLATUM  UNGUENTUM.   An
ointment  composed of  cleansed earthworms!
dried and pulverized; and of the fat of the bear
or wild boar.  It was formerly employed in tooth-
ach, and to hasten the cicatrization of wounds.
  CONSTERNATIO, Stupor.
  CON'STIPATED, Constipa'tus. (F.) Constipe.
Affected with constipation.  Costive.
  CONSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis.
  CONSTIPATION, Conatipa'tio, from coneti-
pore, (con and stipare,) ' to cram close.'  Obsti-
pa'tio, Adstric'tio, Arcta'tio,  Obatipa'tio  seu He-
ten'tio alvlna,  lechocoi'lia, Alvua adatric'ta, A.
Tarda, A. Dura, Obstruc'tio seu Supprcs'sio alvi,
0. Ductus aliinenta'rii,  0. intestiaa'iis, Torpor
intesti.no'rum, Stypaia, Conatipa'tio alvi, Copros'-
tasis, Acop'ria, Acopro'sia, Coprocpis'chesis, Ischo-
cop'ria,  Dyscollia,  (F.)  Echauffement,  Ventre
resserre, Cost'iveness, Facal  Reten'tion, Alvine
obstruction. A state of the bowels, in which the
evacuations do not take  place  as frequently as
usual;  or are  inordinately  hard, and expelled
with difficulty.   It may be owing either to dimi-
nished action of the muscular coat of the intes-
tines, or to diminished secretion from the mucous
membrane, or to both.   Cathartics will usually
remove it; after which its exciting and predis-
ponent causes must be inquired into and obviated
to render the cure permanent.
  CONSPIPATUS, Constipated.
  CONSTIPE, Constipated.
  CONSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription.
  CONSTITUTIO, Constitution, Habit of body
— c. Aeris, Constitution  of the  atmosphere—c.
Epidemica, Constitution, epidemic — c Nervosa,
Nervous diathesis.
  CONSTITUTION, Constitu'tio, Catas'tasis,
Status, from  con,  and statuere, from  stare,  ' to
stand.' A collection of several parts, forming a
whole.  In medicine, Constitution means the state
of all the organs of the human  body considered
in regard to their  special and relative arrange-
ment, order, or activity*.   A good constitution is
one in which every organ is well developed, and
endowed  with  due energy, so  that all  perform
their functions with equal facility. Any want of
equilibrium in their development  and energy
forms a difference in the constitution.  We say
that a man is of a good  or robust, a delicate  or
weak constitution, when he is commonly healthy,
or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus-
ceptible of, disease.
  Constitution of the At'mosphere; Constitu'-
tio A'e'ris, (F.) Constitution Atmospherique.  The
condition of the atmosphere, as regards dryness
and humidity, temperature, heaviness, direction
of the winds, Ac, considered  as respects its in-
fluence on the animal economy.
  Constitution, Epidem'ic, Constitu'tio epidem'-
ica, Med'ica!  Constitution, (F.) Constitution me-
dicale, C. epidemique.  The aggregate of meteor-
ological conditions, so far as they are appreciable,
during which diseases prevail epidemically.
  CONSTITUTIONAL,   (F.)  Constitutionnel.
Belonging to the constitution of an individual;
to his manner of being; as constitutional phthisis,
c gout, Ac. By some, this epithet has been given
to diseases, produced by the  constitution of the
atmosphere; but this acceptation is not common.
  CONSTRICTEURS DE LA VULVE,  Con-
strictores cunni—c. du Vagin, Constrictores cunni.
  CONSTRICTIO,  Astriction, Systole.
  CONSTRICTIVA, Styptics.
  CONSTRICTOR, from conetringere, (con, and
stringere,) 'to  bind.'  (F.) Conetricteur.   That
which binds in  a circular direction. A sphincter.
Different muscles are so called.
  Constrictor Ani, Sphincter ani externus — c.
of Nuck, Compressor of Nuck.
  Comstrictores Alarum Nasi, Depressor alaa
nasi.
  Constricto'res Cunni, C. Vagi'na seu Vulvtr,
Clitor'idis inferio'rea  lati  et  plani mua'culi,
Sphincter Vagi'na,  (F.)  Constricteura du vagin,
C. de la Valve.   Small muscles, which originate
beneath the clitoris, descend along the sides of
the  vagina, and terminate  by becoming con-
founded with the tranaveraue pcrinai  and exter-
nal sphincter ani muscles.   Their use is to con-
tract the entrance of the  vagina.
  Constrictores  Isthmi  Faucium,  Glossosto-
phylinus.
  Constricto'res Laryn'gis. Lieutaud describes,
under the name Grand  conetricteur du Larynx,
the muscle Crico-aryteno'ideua latera'lia with the
Thyro-arytenoideua.
  Constricto'res Nasi, Compressor naris.
  Constrictor  QSsoph'agi,  Conatrictor of  the
QHsoph'agus,  (F.)  Conetricteur  de I'tEsophage,
Muscle cesophagien.   A fasciculus  of fleshy, cir-
cular fibres, at  the upper part of the oesophagus.
  Constrictores Oris, Orbicularis oris—c. Pal-
pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
  Constricto'res  Pharyn'gis, Constrictors of
the Pharynx, Sphincter Gul<e.  Muscular expan-
sions which assist in forming the parietes of the
pharynx. Three of these are generally admitted.
1. The Conatric'tor  Phoryn'gia  infe'rior,  Crico-'
Phoryngeua and Thyro-pharyngeua,  (F.) Crico-
thyro-phoryngien.  It is broad, very thin, quad-
rilateral, seated superficially, extending from the
thyroid and cricoid cartilages as far as the middle
of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line,
with that of the opposite side. 2. The Constrictor
Pharyngis Me'dins, Hyo-pharyngeus  and Chon-
dro-pharyngeus, Syndes'mo-pharyngeus, (F.) Hyo-
gloaao-baai-pharyngien, occupies the middle part
of the pharynx. It is triangular, and attached,
anteriorly, to the great and little cornu of the os
hyoides;  to the stylohyoid ligament; and termi-
nates, posteriorly,  by joining its  fellow  of the
opposite side.   3. The Constrictor Pharyngis su-
pe'rior, Ceph'alo-pharyngeus, Gloaao-pharyngeue,
Mylo-pharyngcua, Pter'ygo-pharyngeua, (F.)Pte-
rygo-ayndeamo-staphili-pharyngien, is quadrilate-
ral, and  extends from the  internal  ala  of  the
pterygoid process,  from the inter-maxillary liga-
ment, from the internal  oblique line of the jaw,
and from the base of the tongue to the posterior
part of the pharynx.
   The constrictors  of the pharynx contract it
They can likewise  approximate the ends to each
other.  Chaussier considers  those  and the stylo-
pharyngeua as but  one muscle, and includes  all
under this last name.
  Constrictores Vaginae, C. cunni—c Vulva.,
C. cunni.
   CONSTRINGENTIA, Astringents,  Styptics.
   CONSUETUDO,  Habit— c. Menstrua, Mense.<v 
CONSULTATION
233
CONTINUITY
  CONSULTATION, Consulta'tio, Delibera'tio,
Cozuolog"ia, Gonial tio, Symboleu'sis, from consu-
lerc, coiisultum, ' to hold council.' This word has
several  acceptations.   In English, it means, al-
most always, tho meeting of two or more practi-
tioners, to  deliberate  on any particular case of
disease.  In France, it signifies the written result
of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of a
physician,  given to a patient, who  consults him,
either personally or by writing.
   C 0 \ S U L T TNG  PHYSICIAN or SUR-
GEON, (F.) Medecin ou  Chirurgien consultant.
One who consults with the attending practitioner,
regarding any case of disease.  Some physicians,
surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to
consulting practice.
   CONS UM MATUM, Consomme.
   CONSl'MMATUS, from con, cum, 'with,' and
summits, 'the whole.'   Confirmed;  established;
developed,—as Phthisis consumma'ta, 'confirmed
Consumption.'
   CONSUMPTION, from consumere, (con and
tumere,) 'to waste away;' Consump'tio, Consum'-
tio, Syntex'is,  (F.)  Consomption.    Progressive
emaciation or wasting  away.   This condition
precedes death in the greater part of chronic dis-
eases,  and  particularly  in phthisis  pulmonalis :
on this account it is, that phthisis has received
the name consumption.—See  Phthisis. Fievre de
 Consomption, Consumptive fever, is the same  as
 Hectic fever.
   Consumption of the BoweLs, Enterophthisis—
 c. Pulmonary,  Phthisis pulmonalis.
   CONSUMPTPVA.   Same  etymology.   Caus-
 tics, used for  the  destruction  of fungi.   Burnt
 alum,  lunar caustic, Ac, were formerly so called.
   C< INSUMTIO, Consumption.
   CONTABESCENTIA, from contabescere, (con
 and tabesccre,) 'to  grow lean.'  Consumption,
 marasmus, atrophy, Ac.
   CONTACT, Contac'tus, from  con  and  tangere,
 ' to touch.'  The state of two bodies that touch
 each other.  In the theory of contagious diseases,
 we distinguish immediate or direct contact, as
 when we touch a patient labouring under one of
 those diseases ; and mediate or indirect contact,
 when we touch, not the  patient himself, but ob-
 jects  that have touched or emanated from him.
 The air is, most commonly, the medium by which
 this last kind of contact is effected.
    CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Conta'ges,  Conta'-
 gium,  Aporrhce'a, Apoc'rysis.   Same  etymon.
 The transmission of a disease from one person to
■another by direct or indirect contact. The term
 has, also,  been applied, by some, to  the action of
 miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable
 matter, bogs, fens, Ac, but in this sense it is now
 abandoned.   Contagious  diseases  are  produced
 either  by a virus, capable  of  causing them by
 inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hydropho-
 bia, syphilis,  Ac, or  by miasmata, proceeding
 from a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gra-
 vior,  and in measles and scarlatina.  Scrofula,
 phthisis pulmonalis, and cancer, have, by some,
 been  esteemed contagious, but apparently with-
 out foundation.  Physicians are,  indeed, by no
 means unanimous in deciding what diseases are
 contagious, and  what  not.   Tho contagion of
 plague and typhus,  especially of  the latter, is
  denied by many.  It seems  probable, that a dis-
 ease may be  contagious under certain  circum-
 stances and not under others.  A case of common
  fever,  arising from  common  causes, as from cold,
  if the  patient be kept in a close, foul situation,
  may bo converted into a disease, capable of pro-
  ducing emanations,  which may excite a  similar
  disease in those exposed to them.  Contagion and
  infection  are  generally esteemed  synonymous.
Frequently, however, the former  is applied to
diseases not produced by contact; as  measles,
scarlet fever,  Ac, whilst infection is  used  for
those that require positive contact; as itch,  sy-
philis, Ac, and conversely.   Diseases,  which
cannot be produced in any other way than  by
contagion, are said to have their origin in specific
contagion; as small-pox, cow-pox, measles, hy-
drophobia, syphilis, Ac.  Those which  are pro-
duced by  contagion, and yet are supposed to be
sometimes owing to other causes, are said to arise
from  common contagion; as  typhus,  cynanche
parotidaea, Ac
  CONTA'GIONIST.   One who believes in  the
contagious character of a particular disease, — as
of yellow  fever.
  CONTA'GIOUS, Contagio'sua.  Capable of be-
ing transmitted by mediate or immediate contact;
—as a contagioua disease, contagious fever, conta-
gious effluvia, Ac.
  CONTAGIUM,  Contagion,  Miasm.
  CONTEMPLABILES DIES, Critical days.
  CONTEMPLATIF, (F.) Contemplations, (con
and templum.)  Appertaining to contemplation.
The  predominant idea of the melancholic — of
the  monomaniac — is  sometimes  called coiAan-
plative.
  CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy.
  CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif.
  CONTENSIO, Tension.
  CONTENTIO, Consultation.
  CONTEXTURE, Contextu'ra, Contex'tus, from
con  and  texere, (quasi tegsere, from tegere,  'to
cover,') 'to weave,'  'to make a web.'   Arrange-
ment of parts; —texture.  A name given, meta-
phorically, to the structure of organized bodies;
as the contexture of muscles, fibres, Ac.  See Tis-
sue, and Texture.
   CONTIGUITY,  DIARTHROSIS OF,  see
Continuity.
   CONTINENCE,  Continen'tia, from  continerc,
(con  and  tenere, ' to hold or keep,') ' to contain
oneself;"to restrain.' Restraint. Abstinence from,
or moderation in,  the pleasures of physical love.
   CONTINENS,  Continent.
   CONTINENT, Continens.  Restrained. This
word is synonymous,  also, with Continued;  (F.)
 Continu.
   Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause,
real  or presumed, which, having  given rise  to a
 disease, continues to act during the whole of its
 duration.  It may be  considered  synonymous
 with proximate cause.  A continent fever, Febria
 continens, is one which preserves during its whole
 course, the same degree of intensity, without any
 remission or seusible  exacerbation.   A disease
 which continues uninterruptedly, has  been  also
 called sEijietthei'a, Aeipathela or Aipathla.
   CONTINENTIA, Continence.
   CONTIN'UED FEVER,  Febria contin'ua, F.
 con'tinens,  F. anabalica, F.  assid'ua.   A fever
 which presents no interruption  in its course.
 Continued fevers form *a  division in the class
 Pyrexia of Cullen, and include three  genera,—
 Synocha, Synochus, and Typ>hus.  It is proper to
 remark,  that some of the  older writers make a
 distinction between the continual fever, tswixni,
 febris continua, and the synochus or febris conti-
 nens.  Thus, Rhases states that the synochus  or
 continene is  a  fever,  which  consists of one pa-
 roxysm from beginning to end; whilst the conti-
 nua is allied to interniittents.
    CONTINU'ITY, Continu'itaa.   An  adhesion
 of two things between each  other, so  that  they
 cannot be separated without fracture or laceration.
    Continuity, Diarthro'ses of, (F.) Diarthroaea
 de  Continuite, are movable joints, in  which the
 bones are continuous, but do not touch imine-
* 
CONTONDANT
CONTRO-STIMULUS
diately, there being between them a ligamentous j
Bubstance, whose flexibility permits motion.  The
vertebral articulations are examples of this.   Di-
ARtiiroses of Contigu'ity, Diarthroaea de Conti-
guite, on the other hand, are movable articula-
tions, in which the bones are not continuous, but
touch  by  surfaces covered with a cartilaginous
layer,  which is always moistened by synovia.
  Continuity, Solution of,  Solu'tio contin'ui, is
any division  of parts, previously continuous.
Wounds and fractures are aolutiona of continuity.
The word Continuity is opposed to Contiguity: the
latter  meaning the condition of two things which
are  near  each other, or touch without uniting.
There is contiguity between  the head of the hu-
merus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, but
not continuiti/.
   COXTOXDAA'T, Contunding.
   CONTORSIO, Contorsion—c Columna? verte-
bralis, Rhachiostrophosis.
   CONTOR'SION,  Contor'tio,  from contorqueo,
(con and torquere,  ' to  wring,') ' I twist about.'
Violent movement of a part, accompanied with a
kind of torsion ;  as contortion of the face.
   CONTRAAPERTU'RA, fromeonrra, 'against,'
and aperio, 'I  open.'  A counter-opening;  Con-
tra-inds'io, Incis'io prio'ri oppo'sita, (F.) Contre-
ouverture.  An incision, made in the most depend-
ing part  of a wound or abscess, when the first
opening is not situate in a manner favourable for
the discharge of the pus.
   CONTRAEXTENSIO, Counter-extension.
   CONTRACTILE, Contrac'tilia, from  contra-
here, (con and trahere,) 'to draw together.'  Ca-
pable of  contracting.  The fibre of  muscles is
contractile.          _,
   CONTRACTILITE, Contractility—c. par de-
faut d'Extenaion, Elasticity — c.  de Tisau,  Elas-
ticity.
   CONTRACTIL'ITY, Contractu'itas: same ety-
mon ;  (F.) Contractilite.   That  vital property,
which gives, to certain parts,  the power of con-
tracting.  The muscles of locomotion are endowed
with a power of voluntary contractility, or one
dependent immediately on the action of the brain:
— the muscles  of the  viscera of digestion, and
other internal organs,  enjoy an involuntary con-
tractility.   Contractility and irritability are fre-
quently used synonymously to signify the pro-
perty possessed by any tissue  of contracting on
the application of an appropriate stimulus.
   Contractility, Irritability.
   CONTRACTIO  CORDIS, Systole.
   CONTRACTION, Contrac'tio. Same etymon ;
 Sys'tole.  Action of  contracting.  When we  speak
 of the contraction of a muscle, we mean the,phe-
 noinenon it exhibits during the time it is in action.
   CONTRACTOR  UTERI, Abortive.
   CONTRACTU'RA.  Same etymon. Acamp'sia,
 Enta'sia articula'ris,  Rigor ar'tuum, Muscular
 Stiff-joint.   A  state of permanent rigidity and
 progressive atrophy of -the flexor muscles, which
 prevents the motions of.extension beyond  a cer-
 tain limit.  The affected muscles form hard cords
 beneath the skin.   On dissection, they are  found
 converted  into tendinous fibres, the fleshy fibres
 having almost disappeared, when the  disease has
 been of any duration.  It succeeds,  frequently,
 other  diseases,  particularly rheumatism, neural-
 gia, convulsions, syphilis, colica pictonum, Ac.
 The warm bath, vapour bath, or thermal waters,
 oleaginous.embrocations, mechanical extension
 of the limbs, Ac, are the chief means of treatment.
    CONTRAFISSU'RA,  from contra, 'against,'
 and findo, fissum, 'I cleave;' Repercus'sio,Reson'-
 itus,  Catag'ma Fissura contraja'cens,  Apeche'ma,
 Anticom'ma, Antic'ope, Anticru'sis, Anticrusma,
 Infortunium, Counteratrolce, (F.) Contre-coup, Con-
tre-fente, Contre-fracture.  A fracture, contusion,
or injury, produced, by a blow, in a part distant
from that which is struck. Five species of contra-
fissura or contrc-coups may occur in  the skull.
1. When the internal table yields and fractures.
2. When the bone breaks in any other part than
the one struck.  3. AVhen a bone, which has been
struck, remains uninjured,  and its neighbour is
fractured.  4. When  the  bone is fractured in  a
place diametrically opposite to that struck, as in
fractures at the base of the  cranium, from a full
on  the vertex; and lastly, when the violence of
the blow produces a separation of the neighbour-
ing or distant sutures.   These fractures of the
skull are also called Fractures par reeonnanee.
  C0NTRAHENT1A, Astringents,  Styptics.
  CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura.
  CONTRA1NDLCATIO, Counter-indication.
  CONTRA1RRITATIO, Counter-irritation.
  CONTRALUNA'RIS,  from contra, 'against,'
and luna,  ' the moon.' An epithet for a woman
who conceives  during the menstrual discharge.—
Dietrich.
   CONTRASTIMULANS,  Contro-stimulants.
  CONTRAYERVA,  Dorstenia contrayerva—c.
Balls, Pulvis contrayerva? compositus—c. Lisbon,
Dorstenia  contrayerva — c.  Mexican,  Psoralea
pentaphylla—c. Nova, Psoralea pentaphylla—c.
Virginiana, Aristolochia serpentaria.
   CONTRECO UP, Contra-fissura.
   CONTREEXTENSION, Counter-extension.
   CONTREFENTE, Contra-fissura.
   CONTREFRA CTURE,  Contra-fissura.
   CONTREINDICA TION, Counter-indication.
   CONTREO UVER TURE, Contra-apertura.
   CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL WATERS
OF.   Contrexeville is  a  town in France in the
department of Vosges, four leagues from Neuf-
chateau.   The waters contain carbonato of iron,
chloride of calcium, and carbonate of lime, chlo-
ride of sodium, a bituminous substance,  and free
carbonic acid.   They  are  frequented  by those
labouring  under cutaneous, scrofulous, and  cal-
culous affections.
   CONTRIT"IO,  Syntrim'ma,  Syntrip'sis, Tri-
tu'ra, Tritus, Tril'io,  Tripsis,  from contcro, ' I
bruise or make small:' Comminu'tion, Trituration.
   CONTROSTIM'ULANT, Contrastim'ulans,
 Hyposthen'ic, from contra, 'against,' and stimulus,
 ' that which excites.'  A substance that possesses
 a particular, debilitating property, acting  upon
 the excitability in a manner opposite to stimulus.
 A name given  to therapeutical agents, which, ac-
 cording to the Italian theory of Contro-stimulus,
 are endowed with  the property of diminishing
 excitement  by a specific action.  These agents
 are by no  means clearly defined.
   CONTROST1MULUS.  Same etymon.   The
 name given by Rasori, about thirty years ago, to
 a new medical doctrine, of which he was the ori-
 ginator—La nuova Dottrina Medica Italittna. It
 is founded on the contro-stimulant property attri-
 buted to a certain number  of medicines.  In this
 doctrine, as in that of Brown, under the name ex-
 citability, a fundamental principle of physiology
 is  admitted, by virtue of which living beings are
 endowed with an aptitude for feeling the action
  of external agents  or exciting  influences, and
  of  reacting on  these influences.  When this
  excitability is too great,  there is excess  of stimu-
  lus or Hyperstheni'a: when too little,  there  is
  deficiency or Hypoatheni'a. Diseases, general and
  local, are divided into three great classes, or into,
  1. Ilyperethenic;  2.  Hyposthenic;  3.  Irritative.
  The contro-stimulant physicians admit only two
  classes of medicines—etimulanta and contro-ati-
  mulanta. 
CONTUNDING
235
CONVOLVULUS
   CONTUND'ING, Contu'aing, Contun'dena, from
 contundere, (con and tundere,) 'to bruise.'  (F.)
 Contondaut.  That which causes contusions.  An
 epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro-
 jentiles, which  bruise or lacerate parts without
 cutting them.
   CO XT US, Contused.
   CONTUS, Penis.
   CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon.  (F.) Oontue.
 Affected with contusion.  Thus  we say — a con-
 tused wound.
   CONTU'SION, Contu'aio, a Bruiae,  Collie'io,
 Phlasma, Thlasia, T lilts'ma, Th. contu'aio, Rhege,
 Rliegnui, Rhegmua, Fame.r, Famia, Fornix, (F.)
 Mcnrtrieenre.  Same etymon. An  injury or lesion
 —arising from the impulse of a body with a blunt
 Burface—which  presents no loss of substance, and
 no apparent wound.  If the skin be divided, the
 injury takes the name of contuaed  wound.  The
 differences of contusions, as to extent,  are  of
 course infinite.  AVhen slight, the blood stagnates
 in the capillaries of the skin, or is effused into the
 subcutaneous  areolar tissue.  Time and cold ap-
 plications  remove  it.  AVhen the texture of the
 parts  has  been  lacerated,  there is effusion  of
 blood, with  more  or less  torpor  in  the part.
 Cooling applications, general or topical  bleeding,
 emollients, poultices, Ac,  are  here  necessary,
 according  to  circumstances.   In  the  severest
 kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid parts,
 except the skin, are bruised, and, at times, re-
 duced to a kind of pap.  AVhen the disorganiza-
 tion  is to  this extent, there is no hope except in
 amputation.   A deep contusion of the soft parts
 has been called  Sorcoth'loaia, and Sarcothlas'ma.
   CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infundib'ulum of the
 heart.  The portion of the  right ventricle from
 which the pulmonary  artery proceeds,  forms  a
 prominence on the right side of the anterior fur-
 row of the heart, and is prolonged towards the
 left, becoming narrower at  the same time, so  as
 to  form a funnel-shaped projection, which  ex-
 tends a little beyond the base of the ventricles.
 This is the Conns arteriosus.
   Conus Vasculosus, see Coni Vasculosi.
   CONVALESCENCE,  Convaleaccn'tin,  Ana-
 lep'sia, Anas'tnsis, Reconvalesccn'tia, from conva-
 lenccve, (con  and  valescere) 'to grow well.'  Ex-
 anus'trophe.   Recovery of  health  after disease.
 The time which elapses between the termination
 of a disease and complete restoration of strength.
   CONVALLARIA ANGULOSA,  C. polygona-
 tum.
   Convalla'ria  Maia'lis, from  conval/is, 'a
 valley,'—from its abounding in valleys.   Li Hum
 Convallium, Convalla'ria, C.  mappi, Maian'the-
 mum, Lily  of the Valley, May Lily, (F.) Muguet,
 Muguet de  Mai.   The recent flowers are reputed
 to  be aromatic, cephalic, errhine, and cathartic.
 They are not used.
   Ccm'ALLARiA Mappi, C. Maialis.
   Convalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,  Polygon'atum
 multiflo'rum, which grows in this country and in
 Europe, has analogous properties.
  Convalla'ria Polygon'atum.   The systema-
 tic  name of Solomon's Seal, Convalla'ria angu-
 lo'sa, Polygon'atum unifio'rum seu anceps seu vul-
ga're, Sigil'lum  Salomo'nis, Polygon'atum.   The
root was once used as  an astringent  and tonic.
It is, also, a reputed cosmetic.
  CONYENTUS, Coition.
  CONVER'SION, Convcv'sio, from con  and ver-
tere, 'to turn.' Change from one state into another.
  Conversion of Diseases, (F.) Conversion des
maladies, is the  change or transformation of one
disease into another.
  CONVOLUTION, Con volu'tio, from convolvere,
{con  and voleere) ' to entwine;'  Epispha'rion,
 Gyrus, Helig'mus, (F.) Circonvolution.  The roll-
 ing of any thing upon itself.
   Convolutions, Cer'ebral, Gyri seu Plicatu'-
 ra seu Spira seu Proces'sus entercri'dei Cer'ebri,
 are the  round,  undulating, tortuous  projections
 observed at the surface of the brain.  In them
 Gall's organs, of course, terminate.
   Convolution,  Inter'nal, C. of  the  Corpus
 Callo'sum,  Convolution d'Ourlet  (Foville).   A
 cerebral convolution of great extent, the  princi-
 pal portion of which is found on the inner surface
 of each  hemisphere above the  corpus callosum.
 In front it bends downwards and backwards to
 the fissure of Sylvius, and behind it extends to
 the middle lobe and forms the hippocampus major.
   Convolutions,  Intes'tinal,  are the  turns
 made by the intestines in  the abdomen.
   Convolution, Supra-or'bitar.  A  convolu-
 tion of  the brain,  which exists  on  the inferior
 surface of the anterior lobe,  and rests upon the
 roof of the orbit.
   CONArOLVULUS,  Intussusceptio, Ileus.
   Convol'vulus Bata'tas.  Same etymon.   C.
 In'dicus, Camotea; the  Sweet  Potato, Spaniah
 Potato.   This is the  only esculent root  of the
 genus Convolvulus.   It  is  much eaten  in  the
 United States.
   Convol'vulus Cantab'rica,  Cantab'rica, La-
 vender-leaved Bindweed, has  been considered an-
 thelmintic and actively cathartic.
   Convolvulus Indicus, C. Batatas.
   ConvoL'vuuus Jala'pa.   A systematic name
 of the Jalap plant, properly Ipomce'a Jalapa seu
 macrorhi'za, Jala'pium, Jalo'pa,  Mechoaca'na ni-
 gra, Jalappa, Jalapa, Jalap Root, Gialappa, Xa-
 lappa, Bryo'nia Meehoacan'a ni'gricana,  Bryo'-
 nia Peruvia'na,  Chela'pa, Rhabar'barum Nigrum,
 Gelappium, (F.) Jalap, is procured  from South
 America,  Its odour is nauseous; taste sweetish
 and slightly pungent.  It is solid, hard, heavy,
 brittle;  fracture resinous ; internally, light gray;
 externally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled
 bark.   Its  operation  is cathartic, the resinous
 part griping violently.  Dose, 10 gr. to £ss.   A
 drop  or  two of  any essential oil  may prevent it
 from griping.  An active principle has been sepa-
 rated from Jalap,  to which  the  names Jalapin
 and Cathartin have been given.
   Convolvulus Major Albus,  Convolvulus se-
 pium—c. Maritimus, Convolvulus soldanella.
   Convol'vulus Mechoacan, Mechoaca'na
 Radix, Jalappa alba, Rhabar'barum album, Me-
 choacan,  (F.) Rhabarbe  blanche.   A  Mexican
 convolvulus, the root  of which possesses aperient
 properties, and was once extensively used instead
 of jalap.
   Convolvulus Megalorhizus, C. Panduratus.
   Convol'vulus Pandura'tus,  C.  Megalorhl-
 zus,  Pseudo-mechoaca'na,  Fiddle-leaved  Bind-
 iveeil, Hog Potato, Virginian Bindweed,  Wild
 Pota'to,  Mech'ameck, M. Bindweed, Wild Jalap,
 Man in  the ground, Wild Rhubarb, Wild Potato-
 Vine, Kassau'dcr,  Kasea'der,  Kussauder, (F.)
 Liseron Mcchamec.  In Virginia, and some other
 parts of  the United States, the root of this plant
 has been much recommended in  cases of gravel.
 It is used either  in powder or decoction.
   Convolvulus  Perennis, Ilumulus lupulus.
  Convolvulus   pes  Ca'pre^e,  Bargada.   A
 plant  used in India as a cataplasm'in arthritic
 cases.
  Convolvulus  Repens, C. sepium.
  Co.NVOLyrULUs  Scammo'nea seu Scammo'nia,
 C. Syriacus.  The systematic  name of the Scam'
mony Plant.  A Syrian and Mexican plant; the
concrete  gummi-resinous juice of which, Scam-
mo'nia, Scammonia Gummi Resi'na, Scammonium,
S. Syriacum, Diagryd'ium, Dacrydion, Scammo. 
             CONVULSIBILITAS           23

ny, Mahmottdy, (F.) Scammonee d'Alep, comes to
us in blackish-gray fragments, becoming whitish-
yellow when  touched with wet fingers.   It  is a
drastic, hydragogue  cathartic.   Dose,  gr. iij to
gr. xv, triturated with sugar.
   Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Soldanella.
   Convol'vulus   Se'pium,  Convolvulue  major
albua  seu repena seu Tugiirio'rum,  Calyate'gia
se'pium, Great Bindweed, (F.) Liseron des Haies:
Grand Liseron.  The juice of this plant is  vio-
lently purgative, and is given in dropsical affec-
tions.
   Convol'vulus Soldanel'la.  The systematic
name of the Sea Convolvulus, Bras'sica Marina,
Calyste'gia Soldanella,  Sea Bindweed,  Convol-
vulus  Marit'imus, Soldanel'la, (F.) Chou Marin.
The leaves of this plant are said to be drastic ca-
thartic ; but they are not much, if at all, used.
   Convolvulus Syriacus, Convolvulus  scam-
monia—c Tuguriorum, C. sepium.
   Convol'vulus Turpe'thum,  Turpe'thum.  The
systematic name of the Turbith plant.  (F.)  Ra-
cine de Turbith.  The cortical part of the root of
this species of convolvulus is  brought from the
East Indies.   It is a cathartic, but not used.
   CONVULSIBILITAS, see Subsultus tendinum.
   CONVULSIF,  Convulsive.
   CONVULSIO,  Convulsion — c. Canina,  see
Canine laugh.
   Convul'sio Cerea'lis, Convulsio ab  Ustilag'-
ine, Ergotis'mus spasmod'icus, 3Iyrmeci'asis,  Ra-
pha'nia, M^yrmecias'mus, Convul'eio  Solonien'eie,
Myrmecis'mus,  Myrmeco'sis,  Cereal  Convulsion,
(F.) Convulsion cereale, Ergotisme convulsif, Con-
vulsion  de Sologne:  A  singular disorder of the
convulsive kind, attended with a peculiar tingling
and formication in  the  arms  and legs;  hence
called by the  Germans Kriebelkrankheit.  It
is  said to be endemic in some parts of Germany,
and to arise often  from the use of spoiled corn.
   Convulsio  Habitualis,  Chorea—c.  Indica,
Tetanus—c. Raphania, Raphania—c. Soloniensis,
C. cerealis, Ergotism—c. Tonica, Tonic  spasm—
C  Uteri, Abortion.
   CONVUL'SION, Spasmus, Convul'sio, from
convallere, (con and vellere,) ' to tear,' ' to pull to-
gether;' Condttc'tio,  Hieran'osis, Distal tio ner-
vo'rum,  Spasmus  clon'icus,  Convul'sio  clon'ica,
Eclamp'sia, Syspo'sia Convul'sio, Hyperspasm'ia,
Clonic Spasm.  This word has several  accepta-
tions.   It  means  any violent perversion of the
animal movements.   The word Convulsions ge-
nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions,
violent and involuntary, of muscles, which habi-
tually contract only  under the influence of the
will.  This alternate contraction, when slight, is
called tremor; when  strong and permanent, teta-
nus, trismus, Ac.  Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardo-
nictts, and St. Vitus'8 Dance are convulsions.
   Convulsion, Salaam', Eclamp'sia nutans.  A
name given  to a singular kind of convulsion in
children, in which there is a peculiar bobbing of
the head forward.—Sir Charles  Clarke.
   CONVULSION DE  SOLOGNE, Convulsio
cerealis.
   CONVULSIONNAIRE, (F.)  A name given,
during the last century, to individuals who had,
or affected to have, convulsions, produced by re-
ligious impulses.
   CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclampsia
—c. des Enfans, Eclampsia — c. des Femmes en-
ceintes et  en  couches, Eclampsia gravidarum et
parturientium—c Puerperal, Eclampsia  gravida-
rum et parturientium.  See Mania, dancing.
  CONArUL'SIVE, Convulslvus, Spoamo'dea,
Agitato'rius, (F.)  Convulsif.   That which is ac-
6                  COPOS

 companicd by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as
 convulsive cough, convulsive disease.
   CONYZA, Inula dysenterica — c. Coma aurea,
 Solidago A'irgaurea—c. Major, C. squarrosa—c.
 Media, Inula dysenterica.
   Cony'za  Squarro'sa,  C.  Major, Brcphoc'to-
 non, In'nla  squarro'sa, Great Fleabane or Spike-
 nard,  (F.)  Herbe  aux mouches.   A  European
 plant, whose strong and disagreeable odour was
 formerly considered  to be  destructive to flics,
 fleas, Ac.  Its infusion in wine was once used as
 an emmenagogue and anti-icteric;  and in vinegar
 as an anti-epileptic.
   COOKERY, Culinary art.
   COOLAVEED, Pilea pumila.
   COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot.
   COOPERCULUM  OCULI, Palpebra.
   COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage.
   COOSTRUM.  The middle  part of the dia-
 phragm.—Ruland.
   COPAHU, Copaiba.
   COPA'IBA.   The resinous juice of Copa'if'era
 officina'lis seu Jacquini, Copaiva officina'lis, and
 other species of  Copaifera; Family, Leguminosa?.
 Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia,   It is  tho Co-
 paifera officina'lis Resi'na, Balsamum Copaiba,
 B. Brazilien'se, B. de Copaiba, B. Caplvi, Bal-
 sam of Copaiba or Copaiva, (vulgarly pronounced
 capee'vy,) (F.) Copahu, Baume de  Copahu, B.  du
 Bi-esil, Tei-ebinthe de Copahu.  Its odour is pe-
 culiar, but not unpleasant; taste pungent, bitter;
 consistence, syrupy; colour yellowish, and trans-
 parent.  It  is soluble in alcohol,  ether, and the
 expressed oils.  S. g. 0.950.  Its  properties are
 stimulant and diuretic; in large doses it is pur-
 gative.  It  acts on the lining membrane of the
 urethra, and on mucous membranes in general.
 It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, Ac,
 in the dose  of gtt. x to t^j, twice or thrice a day,
 Should symptoms of  urticaria or diarrhoea arise,
 the dose is too large, and must be diminished.
 It can be inspissated by means of magnesia so
 as to be made into pills,  and a plan has been
 devised for  enveloping it in gelatin, so  that  its
 taste is entirely  concealed.   See Capsules, gela-
 tinous.
   COPAIFERA JACQUINI,  see Copaiba —c.
 Officinalis, see Copaiba.
   COPAIVA OFFICINALIS,  see Copaiba.
   COPAL',  Copale, Reeina Copal, Gummi copal-
 11 num.  A resinous substance brought from the
 East  Indies, South America,  and the western
 coast of Africa,  which flows  spontaneously from
 Elaocar'pus Cojialif era or Vate'ria Ind'ica, and
 probably from different species  of Hymena'a.   It
 is a stimulant, like  all the resins,  and, dissolved
 in rectified spirit of wine, has been used in cases
 of spongy gums and looseness of the teeth; but
 it is now only employed in varnishes.
   COPE, Cut.
   COPHOMA, Cophosis.
   COPHONIA,  Acouophonia.
   COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ma, Coph'otea,  Sur'ditaa,
 Parocu'sis,  Dysasthc'sia audito'ria ; from xwtpos,
 'deaf.'   (F.) Surdite.   Diminution  or  loss of
 hearing.  Cullen uses  the  word  synonymously
 with  Dyseccea,  and Pinel with Paraeou'eia or
 Parac'oe.   According to Sauvages, Cophosis dif-
 fers from both,—from Dyseccea, because in it the
 sonorous rays cannot reach  the labyrinth; and
 from  Paracouaia, which consists  in a confused
 state of hearing.
   Cophosis  seems,  usually, to  be synonymous
 with deafness,—Paracu'aia Sur'ditaa.
   COPHOTES,  Cophosis.
   COPOS, Laaaitu'do, Fatiga'tio, Laa'aitude, Fa-
 tigue.   A state of body in which most of the ani-
 mal functions are exerted with less promptitude
2:: 
                    COPPER

and vigour than common.  The ancients admit-
ted three species :  1. That arising from plethora,
Lasaitildo  teuni'va, tone/des; 2. From  plethora
and  increased heat  combined, Lasaitildo phleg-
mono'so, o'stuo'so, phlegmono'des; and, 3. Owing
to a morbid condition of the humours, Lasaitildo
ulcero'so, heleo't/en.
   COPPER, Cuprum — c. Ammoniated, Cuprum
ammoniatum—c. Ammonio-sulphate of, Cuprum
ammoniatum — c Subacetate of, Cupri subacetas
—c.  Sulphate of, Cupri sulphas — e. Ammoniacal
sulphate of, Cuprum ammoniatum.
   COPPERAS,  Ferri sulphas —c.  AVhite,  Zinci
sulphas.
   COPPER-NOSE, Gutta rosea,
   COPRACRASIA,  Sc-oraerasia.
   COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia.
   COPRAGO'GUM, from xovpos,  'faces,' and
ayw, ' I bring away.'  Stercus e primia viis edtl-
cens.   A cathartic  The name of a laxative elec-
tuary,  mentioned by Ruland.
   COPRKCCRITICUS, Coprocriticus.
   COPREM'KSIS, Cojiri'em'esis, Vom'itus facu-
len'tus seu ster'coria: same etymon  as the  next.
\romiting of faeces.
   COPRE.M'ETUS,  Coproenl etua,  Copri'em'etua,
Mcrdiv'omua, from xovpos, 'excrement,' and ipew,
' I vomit.'  One who vomits faeces.—Hippocrates.
   COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis.
   COPRIKMETUS, Copremetus.
   COPROCRIT'ICUS, Coprcccrit'icus, from xo--
poc, 'excrement,' and xpivw, 'I separate.'  A mild
cathartic; an cceoprotic
   COPROEMETUS, Copremetus.
   COPROEPISC1IESIS,  Constipation.
   COPROLITHUS,  see Calculi of the  stomach
and intestines.
   COPROPHORESIS, Catharsis.
   COPROPIIORIA, Catharsis.
   COPRORRIiaU, Diarrhoea.
   COPROS, Excrement,
   COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis.
   COPROSCLERO'SIS,  from  xoirpo?,   'excre-
ment,' and  oxXnpow,  ' I harden.'  Induration of
fieeal matters ; Coprosclero'ma.
   COP KOSTASIS, Constipation.
   COPTE, Copton, from xoirrw, 'I beat or pound.'
A  sort  of cake, composed of vegetable substances,
which  the  ancients administered internally, and
applied to  the epigastric region  in the form of
cataplasm.
   COPTIS,  Coptis trifo'lia, Algella, Helleb'orua
trifo'lius, Fibra  au'rea, Chryza fibran'reo, Ane-
mo'ne  Gronlan'dica, Gold thread,  Mouth  root.
The root of this—Coptis, (Ph. U. S.)—is much
used in Massachusetts, in aphthous  iand  other
ulcerations of the  mouth, as a local application.
It is a pure bitter, and  can be  used, wherever
such is indicated.
   Coptis Teeta, Mishme  Teeta, (Upper Assam),
Honglanc, (Chinese).  The root of  this  plant  is
considered to be a powerful tonic and  stomachic.
   COPTON, Copte.
   COPULA, Ligament—c Carnalis, Coition—c
Cartilaginea, see Synchondrosis—c. Magna cere-
bri. Corpus callosum.
   COPULATION, Coition.
   COPYO'PIA, Kopyo'pia, (F.) Lassitude ocu-
lain, from  /enrroc,  'fatigue,' and uii/-, 'the  eye.'
Fatigue of vision.  AA'eakness  of sight.  Inability
of the  eve to sustain continued exertion.
   CO^.'Phasianus Callus.
   COQUE  DU LEVAXT,  see Menispermum
Cocculus — c. d'CEuf, see Ovum — c. Levant, see
Menispermum cocculus.
   CO'iUELlCOT, Papa ver rhceas.
   COQUELOURDE, Anemone  Pulsatilla.
   COQUE LUC HE, Influenza, Pertussis.
7               CORALLINA

   COQUENTIA  MEDICAMENT'A, from co-
 quere, 'to digest.'   Medicines which  were for-
 merly believed  to bo  proper for favouring  the
 coction or digestion of food.
   COQUE RET, Physalis.
   COQUETTE, Influenza,
   COQUILLE,  Cochlea—c. d'CEuf, see Ovum.
   COR, A corn.  Also, Heart.
   Cor Bovinum, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
   CORACOBRACHLEUS,  Coracobrachialis.
   COR'ACO-BRA'CIIIAL,  Cor'aco  Brachia'lis.
 Belonging both  to the eoracoid process and arm.
   Coraco-Brachialis  (Muscle),  Coracobrachi-
 a'ns,  Coraco-humeral—(Ch.), Perfora'tus Casse'-
 rii, Perforatus,  is situate at the  inner and  upper
 part of the arm.  It  arises from the  eoracoid
 process of the  scapula, and is inserted at  the
 middle part of the inner side of the humerus.  It
 carries  the arm forwards and inwards, raising
 the humerus a little.  It can, also, by acting in-
 versely, depress  the shoulder.
   CORACO-CLAVICULAR, Coraco-clavicula'-
 ris.   Belonging  to the eoracoid process and cla-
 vicle.
   Coraco Clavicular Ligament,—called, also,
 Omo-clavicular,  — serves to unite the clavicle to
 the eoracoid process.   It is very irregular, and
 formed of two fasciculi, which the greater part
 of anatomists have described as particular liga-
 ments, under the names Conoid and  Trap>ezoid.
   CORACODES, Coracoid.
   CORACO-HUMERALIS,  Coraco-brachialis—
 c. Hyoideus,  Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Biceps
 flexor cubiti.
   COR'ACOID,  Coraco'ldens, Coraco'i'des,  Cora-
 co'des,  C. Proccss'us,   Cornicula'ris  Processus,
 Croio's-beak-like Process, Proces'sus  anehora'lis,
 rostriform'ia,  aneyro'i'dea,  from  xopa%,  'a  crow,'
 and etlos, 'resemblance.'  (F.) Coraco'ide.   Re-
 sembling the beak of a  crow.  A name given by
 Galen, (and  still retained,)  to the short,  thick
 process, situate at the anterior part of the upper
 margin of the scapula;  which has some resem-
 blance to  the beak of a crow. This process gives
 attachment to the Coraco-clavic'ular  and Coraco-
 oc.ro'mial ligaments, and to the Coraco-brachia'-
 lis, Pectora'lis minor, and  Bicej>a muscles.
   Coracoid Lig'ament, Ligmnen'tum  corocdi'-
 deum, (F.) L. Coracdidien.  This name is  given
 to the small  fibrous fasciculus,  which converts
 the notch, at the superior margin of  the scapula,
 into a foramen.
   COR AIL,  Coral — c. dea  Jardins,  Capsicum
 annuum.
  CORAL, Coral'lium,  Coral'lua, Arbor Maris,
 Azur, Bolcsis, from  xopeto, 'I adorn,'  and 'aXs,
 'the sea.'   (F.)  Corail.  One of the most beauti-
 ful productions of the deep.  It is fixed to sub-
 marine rocks, in the form of a shrub;  and is of
 a bright red  colour.  It is  the  habitation of a
 multitude of animals, of the  Zoophyta order, and
 is formed  of a calcareous substance,  secreted by
 the animals themselves.  It is in very hard, con-
 centric layers;  covered, externally, by a species
 of porous  bark, full of cellules, each of which con-
 tains  one of  these animals.   Linnaeus  calls the
 red coral, Isis nob'ilis, and M. de Lamarck, Co-
 ral'lium rubrum.  It is much fished for on the
 coasts of Barbary and Sicily. Coral was formerly
 esteemed  tonic,  absorbent, astringent,  Ac.; but
 analysis  has  shown, that it contains  only carbo-
 nate of lime and a little gelatin. — Dioscorides,
 Pliny, Oribasius, the Geoponica, Ac.  The Coral-
 Hum  album  is a hard, white, calcareous brittle
 substance, the nidus of the Madrep'ora ocula'ta.
 It has been given as an  absorbent.
  CORALLI'NA.   Diminutive  of  Corailium :
 Muicus marit'imua, Corallina officinalis, Brion,
2. 
CORALLINE
23S
CORIUM
 Corallina alba, Sea Cor'alline, White Worm-weed.
 The production of an animal, which belongs to
 the genus Polypi, and which is found in all the
 seas of Europe ;—particularly in the Mediterra-
 nean.  It has the appearance of a plant, is homo-
 geneous, an inch or two  in height, of a white,
 reddish, or greenish colour, salt taste, and marine
 smell.   It contains gelatin, albumen, chloride of
 sodium, phosphate, carbonate  and  sulphate of
 lime, carbonate of magnesia, silica, oxide of iron,
 and a  colouring principle.  It  was once much
 used as a vermifuge; but is not now employed.
 Dose, 3--s to 3.!> in powder.
   Corallina Corsica'na,  C. rubra, Helmintho-
 chorton,  Helminthochort' um,  Elminthochorton,
 Muscus  helminthochortoa, Melithochorton, Muacua
 coralllnua seu Marlnua seu Cor'aicua, Confer'va
 Helminthochortoa,  Spharococcua  helminthochor-
 toa, Gigortlna helminthochorton,  Corallina me-
 litochorton, Lemithochorton, Fucua   Helmintho-
 chorton, Cera'mium helminthochort'us,  Corsican
 Worm-iceed, (F.)  Coralline de Corae, M^ouase de
 Corse.   It is a mixture of several marine plants
 and zoophytes, as the fucus, ceramium, ulva, co-
 ralline, conferva, Ac, and has gained great repu-
 tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms,
 when given  in strong  decoction.  The Geneva
 Pharmacopoeia  directs an officinal  syrup — the
 Sirop de Coralline.
   CORALLINE  DE CORSE,  Corallina Corsi-
 cana.
   CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,   Clavaria coral-
 loides.
   CORALWORT, Clavaria eoralloides.
   CORD, Funis, Funic'ulns, Choenoa,  Ohce'nion,
 Xoivos, Xoiviov, from the Latin Chorda, which is
 itself derived from Xopln, 'intestine;' and, after-
 wards, was applied to musical cords or strings,
 made of the intestines of animals.  See Chorda.
   Cord, Umbilical, Funiculus umbilicalis.
   Cords. Vocal,  Corda  of Ferrein,  Chorda vo-
 ca'lea, Ch.  Ferre'nii.  A name given to the liga-
 ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared to
 stretched cords, and to which he  attributed the
 production of voice.  See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga-
 ment.
   CORDA,  Chorda — c.  Hippocratis,  Achillis
 tendo — c  Magna, Achillis tendo — c.  Spinalis,
 Medulla spinalis.
   CORDE DU TAMBOUR,  Chorda  tympani
 ■—c. du Tympan, Chorda tympani.
   CORDEE, Chordee.
   CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina— c. Domes-
 tic!, Sebestina—c Myxa, Sebestina—c. Obliqua,
 Sebestina—c. Sebestina, Sebestina—c. Smooth-
 leaved,  Sebestina.
   COR'DIAL, Cordia'lia, Cardi'acua,  from cor,
 cordia, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine,
 judged  to be  proper for exciting the heart.  A
 warm stomachic.
   Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's  Cordial—
 c.  Nervous,  Brodum's,  see Tinctura  gentiana?
 composita — c. Sir AValter Raleigh's,  Confectio
 aromatica—c. Warner's, see Tinctura  rhei  et
 senna?.
   CORDIFORM   TENDON  OF  THE DIA-
 PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic.
   CORDINE'MA, from xapa,  'the  head,' and
 livew, T move about.'   Headaeh, accompanied
 with vertigo.   See Carebaria,
   CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla.
   CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia.
   CORDON(F.),Funic'ulua, diminutive offunie,
 ' a cord.'  A term  applied to many parts, which
resemble a  small cord.
   CORDON NERVEUX, Ramus Nervo'sus.  A
principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk
itself.
   CORDON OMBILICALE, Funiculus umbili-
 calis—c. Spcrmatique, Spermatic chord—c. Teeti-
 culaire, Spermatic chord.
   CORDONS  SUS-PUBIENS,   Round  liga-
 ments of the uterus—c. Vasculaires, Round liga-
 ments of the uterus.
   CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus.
   CORECTOMIA, Corctomia.
   CORECTOPTA, from xopv,  'the pupil,' f». 'out
 of,'and roroc, 'place.' Displacement of tho pupil.
 A condition of the iris in which one segment is
 larger than the  other; so that the pupil is not in
 the centre.—A'on Ammon.
   COREDIALYSIS, Coretomia,
   CORE'MATA, from xopew, ' I cleanse.'  Reme-
 dies proper for  cleansing the skin. — Paulus of
 ^Egina.
   COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria.
   COREMORPHO'MA, same etymon as the next,
 A morbid change in the shape of the pupil.
   COREMORPHO'SIS,  Conforma'tio  papilla
 artificia'lia; from xopn, 'the pupil,' and poptpwais,
 'formation.'  The operation  for artificial pupil.
 See Coretomia.
   COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreon'cium, from
 xopn, 'the pupil,'and oyxivov, 'a hook.'  An in-
 strument, used for the formation of artificial pupil
 by Langenbeck. It is hooked  at its extremity.
 A double-hooked forcepa,  used by ATon Gr'afe, is
 similarly named.
   COREOP'SIS TRICHOSPER'MA, Tickweed
 aunfiower,  Tiekaeed  aunflower.  An  indigenous
 plant, of the Composite Family, with large golden-
 yellow rays, which flowers in September.  It is
 said to have been used as an alterative.
   CORETODIALYSIS, Coretomia.
   CORETOMEDIALYSIS, Coretodialysis.
   CORETOM'IA, from xopn, 'the pupil,'  and
 repveiv, ' to  cut.'  Corotom'ia, Coretotom'ia, Iri-
 dotom'ia, Corectom'ia, Coretonectom'ia, Iridectom'-
 ia, Iridectomedialyds, Iridectomodialysis, Gtire-
 dialyaia, Corodialysis, Coretodialysis, Coretome-
 dialysis, Iridodialysis.  Various  operations for
 the formation of artificial pupil are  so termed.
 The last five signify the separation or tearing
 asunder of the iris from the ciliary ligament; the
 preceding five the incision of the  iris, with loss
 of substance;  and the remainder signify a simple
 incision of  the  iris,  without  loss  of substance.
 When a portion  of the iris is left strangulated in
 the wound, it is termed Iridenclelsis, Iridencleis'-
 mus, and Iridotenclei'sia.
   CORETONECTOMIA,  Coretomia.
   CORETOTOMIA, Corctomia.
   CORIANDER, Coriandrum sativum.
   CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cicuta virosa — c.
 Maculatum, Conium maculatum'.
   Corian'drum  Sati'vum, Corion'der,  Corian'-
 non, (F.) Coriandre.  Family,  Umbcllifera?. Sex,
 Syst. Petandria Digynia.  The systematic name
 of the Corian'drum of the pharmacopoeias; Co-
 rian'non.  The  seeds of the  coriander  have an
 aromatic odour, and  grateful,  pungent  taste.
 They are  carminative ; but are chiefly used to
 cover the taste of other medicines.
   CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum.
   CORIGEEN,  Fucus crispus.
   CORIITIS, Cytitis.
  CORINTHIACE, see Vitis corinthiaca.
  CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum.
  CORIS, Cimex—c. Monspeliensis, Symphytum
 Petra?um.
  CO'RIUM,  Corion, (F.) Cuir.  The  skin of
 animals is  so  called, especially when tanned.
 The cutia vera, or the  thickest part of the human
skin.
  Corium Phlogis'ticum, Cruata pleuret'iea, C.
infiammato'ria,C.phlogia'tica,lnflam'matory Crust
or Buff, Buffy Coat, (F.) Couenne, C. Pleuretique,
 C. Inflammatoire.   The grayish crust or buff, 
                    CORK                  23

varying in thickness, observed on blood drawn
from a vein during the existence of violent  in-
flammation, pregnancy,  Ac.   It is particularly
manifest in pleurisy, and hence one of its names.
For its production, it appears  to be requisite, that
there should be an increase in the  proportion of
the fibrinous element of the blood over that of
the red corpuscles, with increased aggregation
of those corpuscles.  Under such circumstances,
the buffy coat assumes a concave appearance on
its upper surface, and the blood is, therefore, said
to be cupped.
  The  buff  is generally believed  to  consist of
fibrin; but, according to the researches of Mul-
der, it is composed of a binoxide of protein, which
is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which
is soluble.  These oxides are comprehended  by
him  under the name oxyprotein.
  AVhen  the blood presents the above appearance,
it is  said to be buffy.
   CORK, Suber.
   CORMIER, Sorbus domestica.
   CORMUS.  In  botany,  when the  stem of a
plant, without creeping or rooting, is distended
under  ground, retaining a round or oval form, it
is so called.   The Cormus is vulgarly termed a
root,—radix.
   CORN, (Saxon corn,) (G.) Kern.   In Eng-
land, this word  means  the  Cerealia, or  those
seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods.  In  the
United  States, Corn always means Indian Corn.
Its English  sense corresponds to the French Ble
or Pled.
  Corn,  Clavus, Clavua Pedis, Ecphy'ma Clavus,
Gemur'sa, (F.) Cor, Ognon, from cornu, a 'horn.'
A small,  hard, corneous  tumour,  which  forms
upon the foot, generally on the toes; and is com-
monly produced on the most projecting parts, by
the pressure  of too  tight shoes.  A part  of  the
corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round
tumour, like the head of a nail: the  other por-
tion, which  serves as its base, is buried more or
less deeply in  the integuments, and occasionally
extends as far as the tendons and periosteum.
Corns  may, sometimes,  be  removed, by immers-
ing tho feet in warm water, but commonly they
return.   They can, likewise, be destroyed  by  the
knife or caustic,  or by paring them  down and
pulling them out  by the  roots; but these  opera-
tions are not always as simple as they seem.  In
the way of palliation, they must  be  constantly
pared; and, for the purpose of preventing pres-
sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather,
may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re-
ceive the corn; and layer after layer of plaster
be added, until they attain the level of the corn.
AVhen  very  irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed
over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi-
lity surprisingly,  and in a mode not  easy of  ex-
planation.
  Corn, Zea mays—c. Guinea, Panicum Italicum
—o.  Indian, Zea mays—c. AVild, Matricaria cha-
momilla—c. Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris—c. Flower,
Centaurea cyanus—c. Salad, Araleriana dentata—
c. S/uirrel, Dicontra Canadensis.
   CORXALIXE, Cornelian.
   CORXE, Cornu—c. d'Amnion, Cornu ammonis
c. de Belier, Cornu ammonis—c. de Cerf, Cervus,
Cornu  cervi,  Cochlearia coronopus — c. de Cha-
mois, Cornu rupicapric—c. de la Peau, Cornu.
  CORXE,  Corneous.
  COH'NEA,  Cornea tranapa'rena, C. pellu'cido,
C. lu'cida, Ccras, Sclerotica ceratoVdea, Ceroto'l-
dca sen  Ccrato'des  membra'na,  Ceratome'ninx,
Membra'na cornea;  from cornu,  'horn.'  The
transparent  cornea.  (F.) Cornee.   One of  the
coats of the eye,  so called because it has some
resemblance to horn.  It is  termed  transparent
to distinguish  it from the ojwiie— Cornea opa'ca
9                  CORNU

 or Sclerotic.   It is convex, anteriorly; concave,
 posteriorly; forming nearly one-fifth of the ante-
 rior part of the eye, and representing a segment
 of a sphere about seven lines and a  half, or in.
 0.625 in diameter.  It seems to be constituted of
 lamina? in superposition, but of the precise num-
 ber  anatomists are not agreed.   Henle assigns it
 four; the  third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella,
 being called Membrane de Demours or M. de Dea-
 cemet.  Messrs. Todd and Bowman assign it five
 layers.
   Cornea, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea—
 c. Opake, Caligo—c Opaca,  Sclerotic—c. Sugar-
 loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea.
   CORNEE,  Cornea.
   CORNEITIS, Ceratitis.
   CORNEL,  AMERICAN  RED-ROD, Cornus
 sericea — c. Large-flowered, Cornus Florida—c.
 Panicled, Cornus paniculata.
   CORNE'LIAN,  Came'lian, Chalcedo'nius,
 Carne'olua, Lapia Cnrne'olua, Corne'lua, Corne'olua,
 Lapia Sard'iua, (F.) Cornaline. A precious, semi-
 transparent stone, found in Sardinia.  The an-
 cients  ascribed to it a number of absurd pro-
 perties.
   CORNELUS, Cornelian.
   CORNEOLUS, Cornelian.
   COR'NEOUS,  Cor'neua, (F.)  Come. Having
 the  nature or  appearance of horn.
   Corneous Tissue is that which forms the nails.
 The corneoua  membrane is the cornea.
   CORNES DE LIMAgON (F.), Snails Horns.
 A name given by Anel to the lachrymal puncta
 and ducts.
   CORNES DE  LA  MATRICE,  Cornua uteri
 —c. de la Penu, Horny excrescences.
   CORNESTA,' Retort.
   CORNET  ACOUSTIQUE, Ear-trumpet— c.
 Moyen, Turbinated bone, middle—c. de Morgagni,
 Turbinated bone, superior.
   CORNETS DE BERTIN, Sphenoidal cornua
 —c. Sphenoidaux, Sphenoidal cornua.
   CORNICHON, see Cucumis sativus.
   CORNICULARIS   PROCESSUS,  Coracoid
 process.
   CORNICULUM, diminutive of cornu, 'a horn.'
 'a little horn.' A species of cupping instrument,
 shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top
 for  sucking the ah out, to diminish the pressure
 in its interior.—Scultetus, Hildanus.
   Corniculum Laryn'gis, Capit'ulum Santori'ni
 seu  Laryn'gia, Supra-arytenoid Car'tilage, Capnl-
 ulum Cartilag"iuia aryteno'idea. A small, very
 movable, cartilaginous tubercle, found  on  the
 arytenoid cartilages.
   CORNIER, Cornus Florida,
   CORNIFICATION, Racomieaement.
   CORNINE, see Cornus Florida.
   CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida —c. d,
 Feuillea orrondies, Cornus circinata—c. d Grandea
 fleura, Cornus Florida—c. Soyeux, Cornus sericea.
   CORNU, Ceraa, Corn, Horn.   (F.)  Come.  A
 conical,  hard,  epidermeous projection,  which
 grows on the heads of certain  animals, servin"
 them as a weapon of offence and defence.   Ana"
 tomists have given this name to parts of the hu-
 man body, which have nearly the same shape as
 the  horns of animals.
   Cornu. A horny excrescence; a corneous wart,
 which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires
 the  use of the knife; (F.) Come de la Peau.__See
 Corn. Also, Cornu Cervi.—See Cervus.  Also a
 Retort.
   Cornu Acusticum, Ear-trumpet.
   CORNU Ammo'nis, Cornu Arie'tis, Hippocam'pus
 major, Pes hippocam'pi major, Pes hippopola.m
 major,  Protuberan'tia  cylind'rica, Vermis  Bom-
 byc"inua,Procce'au8 cer'ebri lotera'lia, (R.) Corm
 d'Ammon, Come de Belier, Grande Hippocampe,
23 
CORNUA                 240                CORONALE
Pied de  cheval marin, Protuberance cylindro'ide
(Ch.),  Bourrelet  rouU.  A  broad,  considerable
eminence, curved on itself, and situate at the
posterior part of the lateral ventricle.  Its sur-
face presents  two or three tubercles separated
from each other by shallow grooves.
  The  Accesso'rius Pedis Hippocamp'i,  (F.) Ac-
cesabire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence,
usually formed by the  base of the inferior cornu
of the lateral ventricle of the brain.  It is merely
a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne
called  Cuissart ou Armure des  Jambea.
  Cornu Anterius  seu Anti'cum  A'entric'uli
Latera'lis; Anterior Cornu of the Lat'erol Ven'-
tricle.  The portion of the lateral ventricle of the
brain, which is lodged  in the middle of the lobe,
and forms the commencement  of that cavity.
  Cornu Cervi,  Cornu, Cornu Cervlnum, Cervi
Elaphi  Cornu, Hartshorn, (F.) Come  de cerf.
The horns of various species of the stag.  They
contain about 27 per cent, of gelatin.  The Shav-
ings, Raspatu'ra  seu Ras'ura  Cornu Cervi, 0.  C.
raspa'tum,  boiled  in water, have, consequently,
been esteemed emollient and nutritive.
  Hartshorn  Jelly may be  made as follows :—
Hartshorn  shavings,  5Jvj ;  boil in  water Oiv  to
Oij; strain, and add, whilst hot, of lemon-juice,
two tablespoonfuls ; white sugar, ^vj ; and Sherry
wine, two glasses.
  A good nutriment for the sick, where wine is
not improper.
  AVhen  burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu
cervi ealcina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis,
Galea' ria phosphor' ica, (F.) Come de cerf calcinee,
which  consists of 57.5 per cent, of  phosphate  of
lime.  It has  been  used as an  antacid,  but is
wholly inert, as its composition would  indicate.
It contains only 1 per cent, of carbonate of lime.
  Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be-
zoardic power.
  Cornu Cervinum, Cervus,  Plantago corono-
pus—c. Ethmoidal, Turbinated bone, middle.
  Cornu Descen'dens ArENTRic'uLi Latera'lis,
Dig"Hal Cav'ity, Descending or inferior cornu  of
the lateral ventricle.  The termination of the late-
ral  ventricle in the middle lobe of the brain, be-
hind the fissure of Sylvius.
  Cornu, Middle, Turbinated bone, middle.
  Cornu Poste'rius seu Posti'cum ArENTRic'uLi
Latera'lis,  Cav'itas digita'ta, Posterior Cornu
of  the Lateral Ventricle.   The triangular  pro-
longation of the lateral ventricle of the brain into
the substance of the  occipital lobe.
  Cornu Rupica'prje, (F.) Come de  Chamois.
The horn of the chamois.  It  has the same pro-
perties as the Cornu Cervi.
  CORNUA, Turbinated bones.
  Cornua Cartilag"inis  Thyro'ide^:.   Emi-
nences on the thyroid cartilage,  distinguished
into great or superior, which are articulated with
the great cornu  of the  os  hyoides; — and into
small or inferior, united with the cricoid cartilage.
  Cornua Coccy'gis, Cornua of the Coccyx.  Two
small, tubercular eminences at the base of the coc-
cyx, which are articulated with those of the sacrum.
  Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences.
  Cornua Hyoidei Ossis, Radi'cea oasis hyo'i'dei,
 Cornua  of the Hyoid Bone.  Four  fragments  of
the os hyoides,  situate above  the  body of the
bone, and distinguished into the small or superior,
and the  great or  lateral.
  Cornua Lachrymalia, Lachrymal ducts — c.
Limaeum,  Lachrymal  ducts,  see  Lachrymal
 pun eta.
  Cornua Sacra'lia, Cornua of the Sacrum.
Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and  in-
ferior  surface  of  the  sacrum, which are some-
times united.
  Cornua, Styloid, see Hyoides, os.
  Cornua U'teri, Cornua of the U'terus, Cerate,
xepaiai, P/cc'tana, (F.) Comes de la Matricc.  The
angles of the  uterus, where the Fallopian tubes
arise.  Sometimes applied to the Fallopian tubes
themselves.
  CORNUE,  Retort.  ,
  CORXUE  TUBULEE, see Retort.
  CORNU MUSA, Retort.
  CORNUS AMOMUS, C. sericea—c  Blue  ber-
ried, C. Sericea.
  Cornus  Circina'tA,  Round-leaved  Dogwood,
(F.) Comouiller  d feuilles arrondies.   The bark
of this variety has  been used for similar  pur-
poses with the next.
  Cornus Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Boxtree,
Bitter Redberry, La rye -floweredCornel, MaleGreat-
flowered Dogivood, Florida Dogwood,  Virginian
Dogwood, Boxwood  (Xew  England),  (F.)  Cor-
nouiller, Cornier, C. d grandes fleurs.   The bark
of this beautiful  tree, which grows everywhere in
the United States, has been long employed as a
substitute for cinchona.  Dose, from ^ss  to £j. Its
active principle  has been separated from it, and
received the name of Cornine.
  Cornus Fcemina,  C. sericea — c. Mas odorata,
Laurus sassafras.
  Cornus Panicula'ta, Pan'icled Cornel, indi-
genous, has been used as a substitute for Cornus
Florida.
  Cornus Rubiginosa,  C. sericea/—c. Sanguinea,
Sebestina, C. sericea.
  Cornus Seri"cea, Cornus amo'mus, C.fce'mina,
0. rubigino'sa, C. Sanguin'ea, Swamp  Dogwood,
Red Willow,  Rose Willow, New England Dog-
ivood,  Female Dogwood,  Silky-leaved  Dowood,
American Red-rod Cornel, Blueberried  Dogwood,
Blueberried Cornus,  (F.) Comouiller soyeux.  The
bark, it is  said,  has been found little inferior to
Cinchona Pallida in interniittents.—Barton.
  CORNUTA, Retort.
  CORODIALYSIS, Coretomia.
  CORONA, Crown—c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body—
c Dentis, Crown of a tooth — c. Glandis, Crown
of the glans—c Posterior ulna?, Olecranon.
  Coro'na Ra'dians, Radiating  Crown  of Reil.
Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all  directions
from every part of the surface of the optic thala-
mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and
corresponds to the third ventricle; the anterior
of these fibres pass directly forwards, the middle
fibres  outwards, and the  posterior backwards,
forming the coro'na ra'dians.
  Corona Regia, Trifolium melilotus—c. Ulna?,
Olecranon—c Veneris,  Crown of Arenus.
  CORONA  CILIARIS MEMBRANULA,  Cili-
ary zone—c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
  CORONAD, see Coronal Aspect.
  CORO'NAL, Corona'lie,  Corona'rius.  Relating
to the crown; from  corona, 'a crown.'   A name
formerly given to the frontal bone, because  on it
partly reposes the crown of kings.
  Coronal Aspect.   An aspect towards the
plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro-
nad is used adverbially to  signify ' towards the
coronal aspect.'—Barclay.
  Coronal Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lia, S. Fronto-
parieta'lia, Puppia Sutu'ra, S. Arcua'lix.  The
suture of the  head, which extends from one  tem-
poral  bone to the other, over the crown of the
head, and unites the  parietal bones   with the
frontal.   The Suture  Coronale  of  the French
anatomists is the suture  which unites the two.
halves of the  os frontis  at the early period of life.
It is a prolongation of the sagittal.
   CORONALE, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
These waters are found near  Lucca, in  Italy.
They  received  their name  from an  erroneous 
C0R0NARIU3               241        CORPORA ALBICANTIA
notion, that they  are  particularly  adapted for
curing diseases of the  os frontis.  Their  tempe-
rature is  95°  Fahrenheit.   They  contain free
carbonic  aeid,  sulphates of lime  and magnesia,
chlorides  of  sodium and magnesium, Ac, and
some iron.
  CORONARIUS, Coronal.
  COR'ONARY,  Corona'riua,  (F.)  Coronaire,
from corona, 'a crown.'  Resembling a crown.
  Cor'onary Ar'tery of the Stomach, Arte'ria
Corona'ria  Ventric'uli, A.  Gaa'trica aupe'rior,
(V.) Artere coronaire etomachique, A. Stomogaa-
trique (Ch.), is  one of the branches of the coeliac,
which passes towards the superior orifice of the
stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and
ends by anastomosing with  the  pyloric  branch
of the hepatic. This  artery furnishes branches
to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac
orifice, the great  cul-de-sac,  the  middle  part of
the  stomach,  the  lesser omentum, and  anasto-
moses with the other arteries of those organs.
   Coronary Ligament of the liver is a reflection
of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior
margin of the  liver.  The same term is likewise
applied to ligaments which unite the  radius and
ulna.
   Coronary Plexus of the Heart.   The ante-
rior and posterior coronary plexuses of the heart
are  derived from  the anterior and posterior car-
diac plexuses.   See Cardiac  Plexus.
   Coronary  Plexus of the  Stomach.  This
plexus of nerves is given off  from the upper part
of the solar plexus.
   Coronary Sinus  of the Heart, Sinus, coro-
nary, venous — c.  Sinus of Ridley, Sinus corona-
rius.
   Coronary Vein of  the Stomach,  Vena Ooro-
na'ria Ventric'uli, accompanies the artery, and
terminates in  the vena porta.   Sb'mmering, and
some other anatomists, call all  the four arteries
of the stomach Corona'ria Stomach'ica.
   CORONCION,  Coreoncion.
   CORO'NE, from xopwvn, 'a crow.'  The coro-
noid process of the lower jaw.
   COR'ONOID,  Coronoi'dea,  from  xopwvn,  'a
 'crow,'  and eilos, 'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Re-
 sembling the  beak of a  crow.   This name  has
 been given  to  two procesaea.  One,  situate at the
 anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os
 maxillare inferius, and affording attachment to
 the  temporal  muscle: the  other, called,  also,
 sharp process, situate at the  superior part of the
 ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, and
 forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint.
   C0RONOP0DIUM, Plantago  coronopus.
   CORONOPUS, Cochlearia coronopus — c. De-
 pressus, Cochlearia coronopus — c. Ruellii, Coch-
 learia coronopus — c. Vulgaris,  Cochlearia coro-
 nopus.
   COROTOMIA, Coretomia.
   CORPORA  ALBICANTIA,  Mammillary tu-
 bercles—c. Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tubercula A.
 —c. liigemina, Quadrigemina corpora—c. Candi-
 cantia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary tubercles
 — c. Cavernosa, Cavernous  bodies — c.  Fibrosa,
 Corps Fibreux.
   Cor'pora  Fimbria'ta, Tania  Hippocam'pi,
 Fimbriated or fringed bodies, (F.) Corps Franges,
 C. Bordes, Bandelettes des Comes d'Amnion, Ban-
 delet te de I'Hippocampe.  The thin, flattened, and
 very delicate band, situate along the concave edge
 of the cornu ammonis, which  is a continuation
 of the posterior crura  of the  fornix.
   Corpora  Gknicula'ta, (F.) Corps GenicuUs,
 C. genouilles.   Eminences situate  at the lower
 and outer part of the optic thalami.  Each optic
 tract commences  at the corp'ua genicula'tum ex-
 tern'um.   The corpus genicula'tum intern'um  is
       16
merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee,
formed by the corpus geniculatum externum.
  Corpora Globosa Cervicis Uteri,  Nabothi
glandula?—c. Lutea, see Corpus luteum.
  Cor'pora Malpighia'na, Malpig'hian Bodies,
Ac"ini, Cor'pusclea or Glom'eralea of Malpig'hi.
Scattered  through the  plexus  formed by the
blood-vessels and  uriniferous  tubes  in  the kid-
ney, a number of small  dark points nr.y be seen
with the naked eye,  which received their name
from  Malpighi,  their describer.  Each of these,
under  the microscope, is found  to consist of a
convoluted mass of blood-vessels, which consti-
tutes the true glandule, corpuscle or glomerate of
Malpighi.  It was at one time supposed that the
tubuli uriniferi originate in them; but  this does
not appear to be the case.  Their use is not posi-
tively known, but  as they have been traced  by
Mr. Bowman into the commencement of the uri-
nary tubes, in which they  lie  uncovered,  it has
been  supposed that  their office may be to  sepa-
rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed
with the proper urinous matter.
   Corpora  Mammillaria, Mammillary  tuber-
cles— c. Nervio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver-
nosa—c. Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa.
   Corpora Oliva'ria, C. ova'ta, Eminen'tia Oli-
va'rea seu ova'lea latera'lea, Oli'va, Prominentia
Semiova'lca Medulla Oblonga'ta, (Eminences la-
terales, Ch.)   Oblong, whitish eminences, situate
at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata,
exterior to the corpora pyramidalia.
   Corpora Ovata, Corpora olivaria—c. Pisifor-
mia, Mammillary tubercles.
   Corpora Pyramida'lia, Eminen'tia pyrami-
da'les seu media'na inter'na, Pyra'mides, (F.)
 Corps pyramidaux, Pyramides anterieurcs (Gall),
Eminences pyramidales (Ch.)  Two small medul-
lary eminences, placed  alongside each  other,  at
the  occipital surface of the medulla oblongata,
between  the  corpora  olivaria.   These  bodies
have also been  called Corpora Pyramidalia an-
ti'ca, to distinguish  them  from the C.  olivaria,
which  have been called Corpora  Pyramidalia
latera'lia.
   Corpora  Pyramidalia Posteriora, Corpora
restiformia—c. Quadrigemina, Q. corpora.
   Corpora Restifor'mia, Crura medulla oblon-
ga'ta,  Pedun'culi medulla oblonga'ta, Corpora
 pyramidalia posterio'ra, Proces'sus d  cerebello
 ad medull'am  oblonga'tam, Pos'terior pyramids,
 Ped'uncles of the medulla oblonga'ta, Inferior
 peduncles  of  the cerebellum,  (F.)  Corps  resti-
 formea, Cuiaaea poaterieurea, Pyramidea poate-
 rieurea, Racinea, Braa ou Jambea du cervelet, Pe-
 tites  branches  de  la moelle allongee, Pedoneules
 du cervelet.  Two medullary projections, oblong,
 and of a whitish appearance, which proceed from
 each side of the upper extremity of the medulla
 oblongata, and contribute to the formation of the
 cerebellum.
   Corpora  Stria'tA, Grand ganglion superieur
 du cerveau (Gall), Couches dea nerfa ethmoidaux,
 Corps canneles, Eminen'tia Lenticula'res, Collic'-
 uli A'ervi. Ethmo'ida'lis, Ap'iees Crurum medulla
 oblonga'ta, Gan'glion cer'ebri ante'riua, Anterior
 cerebral ganglion, (F.)  Corps stries.   Pyriform
 eminences of a slightly brownish-gray colour,
 which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri-
 cles of the brain.  AA'hen cut, a mixture of gray
 and  white  substance is seen,  arranged  alter-
 nately, to which they owe their name.   The tract'
 of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids
I passes chiefly into them.   "Willis considered that
 the soul resii'ed there.
   Corpora  Striata Superna Posteriora, Tha
[ lami nervorum opticorum—c. AYolffiana, see Cor
 pus AVolffianum. 
CORPS
212
CORPUS
    CORPS, Body—c. Bordes, Corpora fimbriata
 c. Calleux, Corpus  callosum — c. Canneles,  Cor-
 pora striata—c. Caverneux, Corpora cavernosa—
 e. Cendre, Corpus dentatum — c. Ciliaire, Corpus
 dentatum— c.  Dentele,  Corpus  dentatum — c.
 Etranger, Extraneous body—c. Featonne, Corpus
 dentatum.
    Corps Fibre ux,  Corpora Fibro'sa.  Bayle has
 given this  name to adventitious fibrous produc-
 tions  of a  round form, more or less adherent,
 and sometimes having a pedicle, which form in
 certain parts of the  body, particularly in the sub-
 stance of the uterus.
    Corps Franges,  Corpora fimbriata — c.  Geni-
 cnles, Corpora geniculata — c. Godronne, Fascia
 dentata—c. Hyalo'ide, Corpus vitreum—c. d'Hyg-
 more ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori—c. Jaune,
 Corpus luteuui—c. Btuqueux, Corpus mucosum—
 c. Organises, Organized bodies—c. Pampiniforme,
 Corpus pampiniforme — c. Pyramidaux, Corpora
 pyramidalia—c. Restiformes, Corpora restiformia
 —c. Rhombo'ide, Corpus dentatum—c. Stries, Cor-
 pora striata—c. Thyroide, Thyroid gland—c. Va-
 riet'forme, Epididymis—c. Variqueux, Corpus pam-
 piniforme, Epididymis—c. Vitre, Corpus vitreum.
    CORP'ULENT, Corpulen'tus, Obe'aua, Croasus,
 Fat, Fleshy.   Having an unusual development
 of fat or flesh in proportion to the frame of the
 body.
   CORPULENTIA,  Cor'pulence, from corpua,
 'the body,' and lentus, 'thick,' is  synonymous
 with Obesity and Polysarcia.
   Corpulentia Carnosa, Torositas.
   CORPUS, Soma,  A Body.  Any object which
 strikes one or more of our senses.  Gases, liquids,
 metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies.
 Natural  bodies have been divided into  animal,
 vegetable, and mineral; or into inorganic, includ-
 ing the mineral kingdom ; and organized, includ-
 ing the animal and vegetable.   The chief differ-
 ences  between  organized and inorganic bodies
 consists in the former having an origin by gene-
 ration, growth  by nutrition,  and termination by
 death : the latter a fortuitous origin, external
 growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha-
 nical force.
   Many  parts of the frame have, also, been  dis-
 tinguished by this name,  as  Corpua Calloaum, C.
 Mucqaum, Ac   See Body.
   Corpus Adeniforme, Prostate—c. Adenoides,
 Prostate — c Adiposum, Pinguedo — c Alienum,
 Extraneous—c. Annulare, Pons varolii.
   Corpus Callo'sum, Commissu'ra Magna  cer'-
 ebri, Trabs  Medulla'ris seu Cer'ebri,  Trabec'ula
 sou Cop'u/a magna cer'ebri,  (F.) Corps Calleux,
 Vo&te  medullaire, Plafond des ventriculea du cer-
 veau, Meeolobe (Ch.)  A white, medullary band,
 perceived on separating the two hemispheres of
 the  brain, which it connects  with  each other.
 La Peyronie regarded it as the seat of the soul.
 On it are seen longitudinal and transverse fibres
 — Stria   longitudina'lea  Lancia'ii,  and  Stria
 transversa  Willis'ii.   The anterior  portion,
 which  bends downwards, is termed genu;  the
 posterior  flexure, sple'nium.   The fibres, which
 curve backwards into the posterior lobes from
 the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have
 been termed Foreepa ;  those which pass directly
 outwards  into the middle lobes from  the same
 point,  Tape'turn;  and  those which  curve  for-
 wards  and inwards from the anterior border to
 the anterior  lobes, foreepa anterior.
   Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body,  Corpus denta-
 tum, see Ciliary— c.  Cinereum, Corpus dentatum
— c. Conoides,  Pineal gland — c.  Crystalloides,
 Crystalline.
   Corpus Denta'tum, C. Denticula'tum, C. Cili-
a're. (F.)  Corpa dentele, Corpa featonne.   A cen-
 tral, oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, met
 with  in  the cerebellum;  the  circumference of
 which exhibits  a number of indentations, sur-
 rounded by medullary substance. — A'icq d'Azyr.
 It is seen  by dividing the cerebellum vertically
 into two equal parts. — The same  body has been
 called  Corpa  cendre  ou ciliaire  ou  rhomboidr,
 Corpua Cine'reum, C. Rhombo'ideum  seu  Rhom-
 bo'idole,  Ganglion du cervelet, Noyau  central  des
 Pedonculea du cervelet, Nucleus dentatus seu fim-
 bria'tus seu centra'lis seu rhomboid a'I is, Substan-
 tia rhombo'idea,  Gan'glion  cilia're,  Gan'glion  ce-
 rebelli.  The  term Corpua  denta'tum,  Nu'clcus
 oli'va, is also given to the ganglion of the corpus
 olivare, which, like that of the cerebellum, is a
 yellowish-gray dentated capsule,  open  behind,
 and containing  medullary matter, from which a
 fasciculus of fibres proceeds  upwards to the cor-
 pora quadrigemina and thalami optici.
   Corpus Denticulatum,  c.  Dentatum — c. Dis-
 co'ides,  Crystalline—c  Externum,  Extraneous
 body—c. Extraneum, Extraneous body — e. Ge-
 niculatum,  see Corpora  Geniculata—e. Glandi-
 forme,  Prostate — c.  Glandosum,  Prostate — c.
 Glandulosum, Prostate.
   Corpus Glandulo'sum Mulie'rum, Gland'ula
 Pros'tata mulie'rum.  A vascular,  spongy emi-
 nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra,
 and projects at its under  part.
   Corpus Highmo'ri, C. Highmoria'num, Mci/i-
 aatlnum  teatia, Mea'tus  aemina'riua, (F.)  Corpa
 d'Hygmore  ou d'Highmore, Sinus des Vaissectux
 seminiferes, (Ch.) An oblong  eminence, along
 the  superior edge of ,the testicle,  which  seems
 formed of a reflection  of the tunica  albuginea,
 through which the principal trunks of the semi-
 niferous vessels pass before they reach the epidi-
 dymis.
   Corpus Incomprehensible, Thymus.
   Corpus Lu'teum, (F.) Corps  jaune.   A small
 yellowish body,  perceived  in the  ovarium, and
 left  after the rupture of one of  the  vesicles.  It
 was, for a long time, considered an evidence of
 previous impregnation ; but it is now maintained
 that Corpora lutea may be met with in unques-
 tionable virgins;  although the corpora lutea of
 virgins have been generally  regarded to differ
 materially, in size and character, from those of
 impregnation, which have been called true cor-
 pora lutea,  in contradistinction  to the other,
 which have  been  called false corpora lutea.
  Corpus Muco'sum, C. reticula're, Rcte mitco'-
 surn, Mucus seu Rete seu Stratum Malpig'hii, Re-
 ticulum cuta'neum seu muco'sum, Mesoderm'um,
 Mucoua web, (F.) Corps  muqueux.   The second
 layer of the  skin  has been so called.  It is  situ-
 ate between the cuti8 vera and cuticle, and gives
 colour to the body. In the white varieties of ou*
 species  it is  colourless; in the negro, black.  By
 some anatomists  the  existence of such a layer,
 distinct from the  epidermis, is denied.
  Corpus Okense, Corpus AVolffianum.
  Corpus Pampinifor'me,  C. Varico'aum, from
 pampinua, 'a tendril.'  Cor'pua pyreirnida'le, Ih-
 dera'ceua  plexus,  Plexus pampiniform'is, Plexus
 vasculo'sus funic'uli spermatid pampiniformis,
 (F.)  Corpa pampiniforme, C. Variqueux.   Tho
plexus or retiform arrangement of the spermatic
arteries and veins in the cavity of the  abdomen,
anterior to the psoas muscle.
  Corpus Papillare,  Textua Papillaris,  Cor-
pus  reticula're.   The nervous and vascular pa-
pilla? situate beneath  the epidermis,  called by
Breschet Neurothelic apparatus.
  Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline — c.  Pitnitare,
Pituitary gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra — c Pyra-
midale, Corpus pampiniforme—c. Reticulare, Cor-
pus mucosum, Corpus Papillare—c. Rhoraboidalc, 
CORPUSCLES
243
CORRUPTION
Corpus dentatum—c. Rhomboideum, Corpus den-
tatum—c Thytniamum, Thymus—c. Thymicum,
Thymus — c. Thyreoideum, Thyroid  gland — c
Turbinatmn, Pineal gland—c. A'aricosum, Corpus
pampiniforme,  Spermatic chord — c.  A'aricosum
testis, Epididymis.
  Corpus  Spongiosum  Ure'thr.e, Substantia
spongio'sa ure'thra.  This substance arises before
the prostate gland,  surrounds  the  urethra,  and
forms the bulb.  It then proceeds to  the end of
the corpora cavernosa,  and terminates in  the
glans penis, which it forms.  Kobelt describes,
in the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon-
giosum of  the  male, a venous  plexus, which, as
it lies between  the glans clitoridis, and the part
that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the
urethra, he  terms pars intcrme'dia.
  Corpus  Vit'reum, Humor  Vitreus, II. Hya-
lo'i't/ea seu  hyolinua, Glucitllia humor,  Vitreous
humor,  (F.) Corpa  vitre,  C. hyalo'ide,  Hiimeur
hyalo'ide.  The  transparent mass, of a gelatinous
consistence, which fills the eye, behind the crys-
talline.   It is contained in cells, formed  by the
tunica hyuloidea.
  Corpus AVollfia'num, Cornus Oken'ae, Wolffian
body.  At a very early period of foetal formation,
bodies are perceptible, which were first described
by AVolff, as existing in the fowl, and in the mam-
malia by Oken.  According to  Miiller, they dis-
appear in man very early, so that but slight re-
mains  of them  are perceptible after  the  9th or
10th week of pregnancy.  They cover the region
of the kidneys and  renal  capsules,  which are
formed afterwards;  and they  are  presumed to
be the organs of urinary secretion during the first
periods of foetal existence.
  CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the blood
—c Bone,  see Lacunae of Bone—c. Caudate, see
Caudate — c Chyle, see Chyle.
  Corpuscles,  Exuda'tion.   The  organizable
nuclei  contained in fibrinous  fluids,  which are
the origin of the new tissues formed from such
fluids
  Corpuscles,  Ganglion, see  Neurine — c.
Glandiform, Acinus—c.  Lymph, see Lymph — c.
of Malpighi, Corpora Malpighiana — c. Mucous,
see Mucus — c. Osseous, see Lacuna? of  bone.
  Corpuscles, Pacin'ian, so called from Filippo
Pacini, an  Italian physician, who, it is generally
conceived, first noticed them in 1830.   They ap-
pear, however,  to have been.depicted in 1741 by
Lehmann, from a preparation  by A. A'ater, who
called  them Papilla and P. nervea.   Hence, it
has been  proposed by J. C. Strahl (1818) to call
them Vaterian  corpuscles or Corpuscles  of Voter
(A'ater'sehe Korperchen.)  Small bodies con-
nected with the cutaneous nerves of the palm and
sole.  They have also been found sparingly and
inconstantly in nerves at the wrist and elbow;
in the upper arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter-
costal nerve, the sacral plexus, solar  plexus and
the plexuses adjacent to it.  In each corpuscle
there is the termination of a nervous  filament.
Their uses  are not known.
  Corpuscles  of Purkinje, see Canaliculus—c.
Pus, see Pus—c Pyoid,  see Pus—c Splenic, see
Spleen—c. of A'ater, C. Pacinian—c White granu-
lated, see Globulin.
  CORPUSCULA  ARANTII,  Tubercula A.—
c. Glandularum  similia  intestinorum,  Peyeri
glandula? — c  Globosa  cervicis uteri,  Nabothi
glandule? — c. Ossium, see  Lacuna?  of bone.
  CORPUSCULUM  ARANTII,   see  Sigmoid
valves — c.  Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves.
  OORRAC.O,  Borago officinalis.
  COKRE,  Corse, from xeipw, T shave.' (?) The
temples or the  part of the jaws, which it is usual
to shave.—Gorneus.
  CORRECTIF, Corrigent
  CORRECTION,  Correc'tio, from corrigert,
(con, and regere, 'to rule or order,') 'to  correct.'
The act of correcting medicines; that is, of dimi-
nishing their energy or obviating unpleasant  ef-
fects,  by mixing them with  substances which
mitigate their operation.
  CORRECTORIUS,  Corrigens.
  CORRELATION, see Synergy.
  CORRIGEEN  MOSS, Fucus crispus.
  COR'RIGENT,  Cor'rigens, Correeto'due, Caa-
ti'gana, Infrin'gena, Emen'dana:  same  etymon.
(F.) Correctif.  That  which corrects.   A  corri-
gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance
added to a medicine to mollify or modify its ac-
tion.  In the following formula, the aloes, if not
corrected, might induce  tormina.  The Oleum
Mentha is added as a corrigent.
  B  Aloea                           £j
       Old Mentha                 gtt. v
      Syrup q. s. utfiant Pilula        xvj
  CORRIG'TA.  A leathern strap.  By exten-
sion, the term has  been applied to the  tendons
and ligaments.
  CORROB'ORANT,   Corrob'orana,  Rob'orona,
Muscultlris, Restou'rans, Restor'ativc,  Bracing,
from  corroborare, (con, and  robur, 'strength,')
'to strengthen.'   (F.)  Corroborant, Corroboratif,
Fortifiant.   Any substance which  strengthens
and gives tone. AVine, for example, is a  corrobo-
rant.   See Tonic.
  CORROBORANTIA, Tonics.
  CORROBORATIF, Corroborant.
  CORRODANT, Corrosive.
  CORRODENS, Corrosive.
  CORROSIF, Corrosive
  CORRO'SION, Corro'sio, Diabro'aia, Anobro'-
sis,  Ero'sio, from  con,  and rodere,  rosum,  ' to
gnaw.'  The action or effect  of corrosive  sub-
stances.
  CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens, Diobrolicua,  Cor-
roslvus, same etymon.  (F.) Corrosif, Corrodant.
Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in
contact with living parts, gradually disorganize
them.   Caustic alkalies, Mineral acids, Corrosive
sublimate, are corrosives.   They  act  either di-
rectly, by chemically  destroying the  part, — or
indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene.
  Corrosive Poison,  see Poison.
  CORRUGATIO,   Corrugation — c  Cutis,
AVrinkle.
  CORRUGA'TION, Corruga'tio, Syna'rema,
from  con,  and  ruga,  'a wrinkle.'  AVrinkling,
Frowning,  (F.) Froncemcnt;  the contraction of
the Corrugato'res Supercil'ii muscles.   Corruga-
tion of the  skin is often owing to the application
of styptic medicines:  it is rendered by them un-
equal and rugous.
  CORRUGATOR  COITERII, Corrugator su-
percilii.
  Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from corrugare, 'to
wrinkle;' same etymon.  Mus'cuius supercil'ii,
Supercilia'ris, Mus'culu8 fronta'lis vents  seu Cor-
ruga'tor Coite'rii, (F.) Cutaneo-aourcilier,Muscle
Soiircilicr ou Surcilier, M. Fronto-Sourcilier.  A
muscle  situate in the  eyebrows.  It is attached
by its inner extremity, to the  superciliary rido-c
and is confounded,  externally, with the  occipito-
frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum.  It carries
the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the  skin of
the forehead.
  CORRUPTION, Corrnp'tio, Phthora, Diapll-
thora,  from corrumpere, corrupturn,  (con, and
rumpere, 'to break,) 'to destroy.'  Act of cor-
rupting. State of being corrupted.  Reaction of
the particles of a body upon  each other.  It is
probable that something like corruption may take
place  even in the living body. 
CORSE
244
COSMETICS
  CORSE, Corre.
  CORSET, from  (F.) corps,  'the  body.'   Ste-
thodesm' ium, Stetkodeam'ia, Stethodeam'ii8, Tu'nica
Thora'cia,  Thorax,  Pcctora'le.   An  article of
dress, which closely embraces  the trunk, and is
much used by  females  in civilized countries.
AVhen corsets or stays are worn very tight, many
serious evils result from the unnatural compression.
  Different bandages, more or less  complicated,
which embrace the greater part of the trunk, are
likewise so called.
  CORSET DE BRASDOR.  The name  of a
bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep in situ
the fragments  of a  fractured clavicle.
  CORTALON, Senecio.
  CORTEX,^Phloioa,  Phlooa, Phlous, Lemma,
Bark, (F.) Ecorce.  This  word  has often  been
applied  exclusively to Cinchona: thus, we say
Bark—the cortex or bark xar  e^oXnv-  It means,
also, any bark.
  Cortex Adstring"ens Brasilien'sis. An as-
tringent bark introduced from Brazil into  Ger-
many in the year 1828.  It is said to be obtained
from  Mimoaa  cochteacarpa seu   virgino'lia.  It
has  been used with advantage in all cases in
which astringent barks in general are indicated.
Dose of the powder Qj to sjss.
  Cortex Alcomoco, Alcomoque—c. Anisi stel-
lati, see Illicium anisatum —  c.  Antiscorbuticus,
Canella alba — c. Aromaticus, Canella alba — c.
Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium—c. Canellse Ma-
labarica?, Laurus cassia—c Cardinalis del Lugo,
Cinchona—c  Caryophyllatus,  see Myrtus caryo-
phyllata— c. Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan.
  Cortex  Cer'ebri. The Cor'tical, Cineril"ioua,
 Veaic' ulor or  Gray aubstance of the Brain.   The
gray portion observed at the exterior of the  cere-
brum and cerebellum;  so called because it forms
a kind of bark to the medullary substance.   Gall
c.onsiders, that this substance  forms the nerves;
and therefore  calls it Substance matrice des Nerfa.
  The name cortical is likewise given to the ex-
ternal substance of the  kidneys, because it  is of
a deeper colour than the inner part of the organ,
and forms a kind of envelope  to  it.
  Cortex Chacarill^e,  Croton Cascarilla— c.
China?,  Cinchona—c. China? regius, Cinchona—
c Crassior, Laurus cassia—c Culilaban, see  Lau-
rus Culilawan—c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan—
c Eleuthcrise, Croton cascarilla—c Flavus, Cin-
chona? cordifolia? cortex—c. Lavola, see Illicium
anisatum—c Magellanicus, seeAVintera aromatica.
   Cortex Ovi, Cortical membrane.  This mem-
brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually
regarded as a uterine production, and designated
Decid'ua reflex'a.   They consider it to surround
the  ovule, when it descends into the uterus, and
to  enclose the shaggy chorion.  It is absorbed
during  the first months  of utero-gestation,  so as
to expose  the next  membrane to the contact of
the decidua, with which  a connexion takes  place
at the  part where the placenta is  to be formed.
In that part, Boer and  Granville  consider, that
the  Cortex Ovi is never altogether obliterated,
but only made thinner, and in process of time is
converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, which
not only serves to divide the  filiform  vessels of
the  chorion into groups or cotyledons, in  order
to form the placenta, but also covers those  coty-
ledons. This  Dr. Granville calls membra'na pro'-
pria.   See Decidua membrana.
   Cortex Pallidus, Cinchona? lancifolia? cortex
- -c. Patrum,  Cinchona—c. Peruvianus, Cinchona
c Profluvii, Nerium antidysentericum—c. Ruber,
 Cinchona? oblongifolia?  cortex — c Striata den-
tium, Enamel of  the teeth — c. Thuris,  Croton
 cascarilla—c. AVinteranus, see AVintcra aromati-
 cum—c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba.
  CORTICAL, Cortica'lis; from cortex, 'bark.'
Belonging to bark.
  Cortical Matter of the Brain, Cortex Cere-
bri—c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi—c. Substance of
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney — c. Substance of the
Teeth, see Tooth.
  CORTUSA AMERICANA, Heuchera cortusa.
  CORU.  An  Indian tree,  the  bark of whose
root furnishes a milky juice, which is employed
in diarrhoea  and dysentery.  It is also  called
Com Canar'ica.
  CORUSCATIO, Astrape.
  CORVISARTIA   HELENIUM,  Inula hele-
nium.
  CORYBANTIASM,  Corybantiaa'mus,  Cory-
bantia'mua, from Kopu/Jaj, one of the Corybantes.
A name  formerly given to a kind of phrensy, in
which  the  sick were tormented by fantastic vi-
sions, and perpetual  want of  sleep.
  CORYDALIS BULBOSA, Fumaria bulbosa—
c. Cava, Fumaria bulbosa—c. Tuberosa, Fumaria
bulbosa.
  COR'YLUS AVELLA'NA, Bundurh, Cor'ylua,
Avella'na,  The  Hazel-nut  Tree, (F.) Coudrier,
Noiaetier;  Family, Amentacea?;  Sex. Syat.  Mo-
ncecia Polyandria.   The nut,—Filbert, (F.) Are-
line ; Hazel-nut,  (F.) Noiaette, — of this tree,  is
much eaten in many countries.   Like all nuts,  it
is by no  means easy  of digestion.  It is the Nux
avella'na, xapvov Xlwvrixov, of the ancients.
  Cor'ylus  Rostra'ta, Beaked Hazel.  An in-
digenous shrub, Nat. Ord. Amentacea?; Sub-or-
der, Cupulifera? : Sex.Sy8t. Monoecia Polyandria ;
the nut  of which is  surrounded  by a coriaceous
and scaly involucre, terminating in  a tube co-
vered with short and  thick bristles. These bristles
have been given as an anthelmintic in the same
cases and doses as mucuna.
  CORYMBETRA,  Hedera helix.
  CORYNE, Penis.
  CORYPHE,  Acme, Vertex —c.  Cordis, see
Mucro.
  CORY^'ZA, Grave'do, Rhini'tia, Cotciatag'moa,
Oatastolog'mos, Stillicid'ium  Na'rium, Phlegma-
torrhag"ia,Blennorrhoe'a nasa'lis,Blennorrhin'ia,
Des'tillatio,  Catar'rhus  ad  Nares,  C. nasa'lis,
Rhinocatar'rhus, A ngi'na nasa'lis: vulgarly,' run-
ning at the nose,' 'a  cold in the head:' in French,
Rhnme de cerveau,  Catarrhe nasal, Enchifrene-
ment; in Old  English,  Pose or Mur;  whence
Murren  and. Murrain; from  xopvs,  or xapa,  'the
head,' and $ew, ' I boil.'  Inflammation, attended
with increased  discharge,  of  the  Schneiderian
membrane lining the nose, and the sinuses com-
municating with it.  The affection generally sub-
sides without any medical treatment.
   Chronic Coryza  is  termed, also,  Oza'na be,
nig'na.
  Coryza Entonica, Ozasna—c.  Maligna, Oza?na
—c Ozaenosa,  Ozaena—c. Purulenta, Ozaena—c.
Scarlatinosa, Rhinocace—c.  Ulcerosa, Ozaena—c.
Virulenta, Ozaena.
  COSCINISMUS,  Cribration.
  COSCINOI,  see Cribration.
  COSMESIS, Cosmetics.
  COSMETTCS,  Are coamet'ica,  Callipis'tria,
 Cosme'sis,  ( F. ) Coametiqne, from  xocpeiv, ' to
adorn,'  'to  embellish.' The  art  of improving
the beauty.  Coametic, Stilbo'ma, is, also,  used
for  the  different means employed for that pur-
pose; as the compounds  which enter into the
oxides of lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, Ac
All these, however, injure  the  skin, and  often
give rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Fre-
 quent ablution with cold water and  bathing are
the best cosmetics.  Essences, soaps, and all the
preparations intended for  the  toilet, fall,  also,
 under this head. 
COSMETIQUE              245                COTYLEDON
  COSMETIQUE, Cosmetics.
  COSMETOL'OG Y, Coametolog"ia, from xoapeiv,
'to adorn;' and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  A treatise
on the dress, and cleanliness of the body.
  COSMOS, from xoapos, 'the world,' 'order,'Ac.
The  order which was  supposed to preside over
critical days. Hippocrates and others have termed
xoapm, ' bracelets,'  employed, not only as orna-
ments (xoaptiv, 'to  adorn,') but as therapeutical
agents.
  COSSA, Haunch.
  COSSUM.  A malignant ulcer of the nose, often
of a syphilitic character.—Paracelsus.
  COSSUS, Coaaia.   A sort of white, short, thick
worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, Ac,
and  used by  the Pvomans  as a great article of
gourmandise. They were, also, applied to ulcers.—
Pliny.  The term  has,  likewise,  been given to
small vermiform pimples on the face — Acne —
which arise from inflammation of the sebaceous
follicles.
   COSTA, Pleura, Pleurum, Plcnro'ma.  A Rib,
from  custodire, 'to guard,' 'defend:'  (F.)  Cote.
The  ribs  are  24 in number;—12 on  each side.
They are  irregular, long,  bony curves: slightly
flattened, and situate obliquely at  the sides of the
chest.  The intervals between them  are  called
 Intercos'tttl spaces,  (F.) .Es/iaces intercoetaux, and
they are numbered^/'sf, aecond, third, Ac,reckon-
ing  from above to below.  They  have been dis-
tinguished into Costa vera, Pleurapopllyses of
Owen, True ribs, (F.) Vraies CStes, Cotes stemales,
 Cotea vertebro-aternolea (Ch.,) and into Coata apu'-
ria,  Mentlo'aa  Costa, Notha Costa, False ribs,
 C6tea asternoles (Ch.,), Fausses Cotes.   The  true
or sternal ribs, as they have also been called, are
the first 7 ; which are articulated at one extremity
to the spine, and at the other, by  means of their
cartilages, hamapophyses  of  Owen, to the ster-
num.  The false ribs  are  the remaining 5 :  the
uppermost three being united, by means of their
 cartilages, to the cartilage of the last true rib.
 The  others are  free at their external  extremity,
and, hence, have been called Floating riba, CStes
flottantes.  The vertebral extremity of each rib
is slightly expanded.  It is called the head of the
rib—Capit'ulum Costa: the space between this
 and  the tubercle is the collum or neck.  Anterior
 to the tubercle is the angle.  The angle is the part
 where the bone bends to form the lateral  part of
the  thorax.
   COST.E  CAPITULUM, see  Costa —c. Men-
 dos;p, see Costa—c. Spuria?, see Costa—c A'era?,
 see  Costa.
   COSTAL, Costa'lia,  from coato, 'a rib.'  Apper-
 taining or relating to  a rib—as ' coatal cartilage.'
   COSTIATE. Constipated.
   COSTIVENESS, Constipation.
   COST MARA". Tanacetum balsamita.
   COSTO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus externus ab-
 dominis—c. Basi-acapulaire, Serratus magnus—
c. Claviculairc, Subclavian muscle.
   COSTO-CLAVICULAR, Coato-Clavicula'ria.
Belonging to the ribs  and clavicle.
   Costo-Clavic'ular  Lig'ament.  Cleidocoetol
 Ligament, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which ex-
 tends, obliquely, from  the  cartilage of the first rib
 to the inferior surface of the clavicle.
   COSTO-CORACOIDIEN,  Pectoralis  minor
 — c.  Seapulaire, Serratus magnus.
   COSTO-STERNAL, Coato-Stema'lia. Relating
 to tho ribs and sternum.   The articulation of the
 sternum with the anterior extremity of the first
 seven ribs.
   COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.   Relating to the
 ribs  and to the trachelian  or transverse processes
 of the neck.   Under  the name Costo-trache'lian,
Chaussier designates the anterior  and posterior
scaleni.
  COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.   Relating  to
the ribs, and to the transverse processes.—Bichat
gave this name to the articulation of the tubero-
sities of the ribs with the transverse processes  of
the spine.
  COSTO-VERTEBRAL, Costo-vertebra'lis.
Belonging to the ribs and vertebra*.—Bichat gave
this name to the articulation of the head of the
ribs with the vertebra?, and to the ligaments con-
nected with it.
  COSTO-XIPHOID, Costo-xipho'ldeua. The
name of a ligament, which unites the cartilage of
the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform  carti-
lage.             *
  COSTUS.  The ancients seem to have  given
this name to several plants.  One  has borne the
appellation, since the time of  Dioscorides, — the
Coatit8 Arab'icna, Costus In'dicua, C. apecio'sus seu
amo'rua, dulcia, orienta'lia, Amo'mum hirsu'tum,
Helle'niagrandiflo'ra, Bank'sia specio'sa, Tsia'nu,
(F.) Canne Congo, Canne de Riviere: Family,
Amomea?, Sex. Syst.  Monandria Monogynia ; the
root of which is aromatic, and has been considered
tonic,  carminative, diuretic,  emmenagogue, Ac.
The virtues of the ancient costus are highly ex-
tolled.—Theopbrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen.
   Costus Amarus, Ac, Costus—c.  Arabitus, Cos-
tus— c. Corticosus, Canella alba — c. Hortorum,
Tanacetum balsamita—c. Hortorum minor, Achil-
lea ageratum — c. Indicus, Costus—c. Nigra, Cy-
nara scolymus—c Speciosus, Costus.
   COSTYLE, Cotyle.
   COTA, Anthemis cotula.
   COTARO'NIUM; an obscure  term, used  by
Paracelsus for  a universal solvent: such a thing
as docs not exist.
   COTE, Costa,
   CdTES, COL DES,  Collum costarum—c. As-
ternolea, see Costa—c. Fausses, see Costa—c. Flot-
tantes, see Costa—c. Stemales, see Costa—c. Ver-
tebroaternalea, see Costa—c. Vraies, see Costa.
   COTIGNAC, (pron. cotinniac.)  A kind of con-
serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en-
tirely ripe, and sugar.  It is esteemed stomachic
and astringent.
   CO TON, Gossypium.
   COTONIA, Pyrus cydonia.
   COTTON, Gossypium.
   COTULA, Anthemis cotula — c. Fcetida, An-
themis cotula,
   Cotula Multif'ida.  A South  African plant,
which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism,
scalds and cutaneous diseases.
   COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR OF, Liq'uor Cotun'-
nii, L. of Cotug'no, Aqttuta acus'tica, Aqua audi-
to'ria, Per'ilymph, (F.) Lymphe de Cotugno.  A
transparent,  slightly viscid fluid,  which fills  all
the cavities of the internal ear, and of which Co-
tugno made mention.  It is also called Aqua La-
byrinth'!.
   COTURNIX, Tetrao coturnix.
   COT'YLE,   Cot'yla,  Cotyle'don, Cos'tyle; the
same as Acctab'ulum.  A hollow cavity in a bone,
which receives the head of another bone:  parti-
cularly ' the cotyloid cavity.'   KorvXn signified a
drinking  cup,  and, indeed, any thing hollow, as
the hollow of the hand.—Athenams.
   COTYLEDON, Cotyle — c Marina, Umbilicus
marinus.
   Cotyle'don Orbicula'ta.  A plant  of  South
Africa, -Vat. Ord. Crassulacea?.  The  fresh juice
is used in epilepsy ; and Dr. Pappe speaks well of
it.   The leaves form a good aoplieation  to hard
corns.  Crass'ula arborea'cena has  the same pro-
perties. 
COT'YLOID
246
CO URGE
  Cottle'don Umbili'cus,  C. U. Vene'ria, Navel-
wort,  Venu8'a Ninelwort, (F.) Nombril de Venus.
A plant of the Family, Crassulaceae, which grows
in  Europe on old  walls and rocks.  The leaves
are emollient and applied externally to piles,
inflamed parts, Ac. Internally, the juice has been
given in epilepsy.  The flowers have been  used
in  calculous cases,  and in dropsy.
  Cotyle'dons, (xotvXi/Iwv, 'the hollow of a cup,')
Acctab'ula uteri na.   The lobes which, by  their
union, form the placenta.
  COT'YLOID, Cotyldi'des, Cotylo'i'deus, Cotylo'-
des. from xorvXn,'a drinking cup,' and eilos, 'form.'
Resembling the ancient xorvXi).  The  name of
a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os innomi-
natum, which receives the head of the os femo-
ris ;—Fossa cotyloidea, Sinus Coxa, Acetab'ulum,
Pyxis.
  Cot'yloid Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum Cotylo'i-
denm, (F.) Ligament cotylo'idien, is a very thick,
fibro-cartilaginous  ring, surrounding the cotyloid
cavity, the depth of which  it increases.
   COU, Collum — c.  du Pied,  Instep — c.  Gros,
Bronchocele.
  COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens.
   COUCHE,  Couches, (F.), from  coucher, 'to lie
down.'  This  word is used, 1. For parturition,
accouchement or delivery (puerpe'rium, parturi"-
tio;)  hence, une couche heureuse, 'a happy deli-
very;' unefauaae couche, 'a premature  delivery:'
and, 2. For the time during which a female  re-
mains in  bed  on account of delivery,— Tempus
puerpe'rii, the child-bed state.   The Lochia have
been termed Suites de couches.  Couche also means
a layer, bed or thalamus, as,
   Couche Celluleuse, Membrana granulosa.
   COUCHER, Decubitus.
   COUCHES DES NERFS ETHMOIDAUX,
Corpora striata—c. des  A7erfs oculaires, Thalami
nervorum opticorum—c. des Nerfs optiqnes, Tha-
lami  nervorum opticorum—c. Optiqnes, Thalami
nervorum opticorum.
   COUCHING, see Cataract.
   COUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coccinea.
   CO UDE, Elbow.
   COUDE-PIED, Instep.
   COUDEE, Cubitus.
   COUDRIER, Corylus avellana.
   COUEATNE, (F.),  Cutis  suil'la.  A term given
to various  parts of  the human skin, which  are
prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with
rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike
the skin of the hog. It is a malformation, occurring
during intra-uterine  existence, and remaining for
life.  See also, Na?vus, and Corium phlogisticum.
   COUENNE  INFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium
phlogisticum — c.  Pleui-etique,  Corium phlogisti-
cum.
   COUGH, Tussis —c. Bronchial, C. tubal —c.
Root, Trillium latifolium.
   Cough, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis bron'-
chiea, (F.)  Toux tubaire, T. bronchique.   Cough
is so termed, when the succussion communicated
by it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic,
and a sensation is experienced  by the ear as if a
column of  air was traversing  with  much noise,
strength, and rapidity, tubes with solid walls.
   Cough, AVinter, Bronchitis, (chronic.)
   COUGHING, Tussis.
   COOLER, To strain.
   COULEUVRE, Coluber berus.
   GOULEUVREE,  Bryonia alba,
   COULISSE,  (F.)  'A groove, a gutter.'  Ana-
tomists designate, by this name, every deep groove
 or channel  in a bone, in which  a tendon plays;—
 such as the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove
 of the Humerus.
   COULISSE BICIPITALE,  Bicipital groove—
c. Humerale, Bicipital groove.
  COULOIR, Colatorium.
  COI'M, Colchicum autumnale.
  COUNTENANCE, Vultus, Voltus, Visage,(F.)
Figure, Visage: from cum, 'with,' and teneo, 'I
hold.'  The form of the face.   The system of the

  COUNTER-EXTEN'SION,  Contra-exten'sio,
Antilaaia, (F.) Contre-exteii8ion, from  contrti-ex-
tendere, ' to extend in a contrary direction.'  It
consists in retaining  firmly and immovably the
upper part of a limb, whilst extension is practised
on the lower, in cases of fracture or luxation.
  COUNTER-INDICATION, Contra-indica'tio,
Antendeix'ia, Antendix'ia, Antideixia.   An indi-
cation  contrary to  another.  (F.) Contre-indica-
tion. Any circumstance, which acts as an obstacle
to the employment  of such therapeutical means as
seem to be  indicated by  other circumstances.
  COUNTER-IRRITANT, see Counter-irrita-
tion— c Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's Coun-
ter-irritant.
  COUNTER-IRRITATION, Contra-irrita'tio.
An irritation, excited in a part of the body, with
the view of relieving one existing in another part.
The remedies used for  this purpose  are  called
Counter-irritante, and form a most valuable class
of remedial agents.  See Derivation.
  COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura.
  COUNTING, METHOD OF, Method, numeri-
cal.
   COUP, Blow—c. de Feu, Wound, gunshot.
   COUP DE MA1TRE ou TOUR  DE MAt-
TRE,  (F.) A  masterly  stroke  or  performance.
Applied  to a mode of introducing the sound or
catheter into  the bladder, which  consists in first
passing it with its convexity towards the abdomen
of the patient, and giving it a half turn towards
the right groin,  when its extremity has reached
the root of the penis under the symphysis pubis.
There is no advantage in this mode of introduction.
   COUP DE SANG, (F.) A common term, used
by some physicians in  France, to designate the
loss of sensation and  motion, which results from
hemorrhage in the brain, or from simple conges-
tion in the vessels  of that organ.   See Apoplexy.
Some authors have comprehended, under the same
denomination, different hemorrhages, which occur
in the areolar texture of the face, lungs, skin, Ac.
   COUP DE SOLE1L, (F.) Sirlasis, Seirlasis,
Siriasis ^Egyptiaca, Ictus solis, Ictus sola'ris, In-
sola'tio, Encephalitis insolatio'nis, Phrenitis ea-
lentu'ra, Stroke  of the sun, ^Egyptian Starstroke
or Sunstroke.  Any affection produced by the ac-
tion of the sun on some region of the body;—head,
hands, arms, Ac.  A  very common effect of ex-
posing the naked head to the sun is inflammation
of the brain or its meninges, which Sauvages calls
Cams ah Insolatio'ne, Morbua aolatitia'lia.
   COUPE-BRIDE,  Kiotome.
   COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea.
   COUPURE,  Cut, AVound (incised.)
   COURANTE, Diarrhoea.
   COURAP.   A distemper, very common in In-
dia, in which  there is a perpetual itching of the
surface, and  eruption.  It is of an herpetic cha-
racter, and appears chiefly on the axilla,  groins,
breast, and face.
   COURBARIL, see Anime.
   COURBATURE, (F.) Ac-'ha laaaitu'do, Vio-
lent laaaitude, Fatigue.  An indisposition, charac-
terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised;
general  feeling of debility, extreme lassitude;
and, sometimes, slight fever.  It appears imme-
diately after severe exercise, but  sometimes not
till the next day.   Rest removes it,
   COURBURE, Curvature.
   CO URGE, Cucurbita pepo. 
COURMI
247
CRAB
  COURMI  or  C U R M I, xovppi, xvppi   A fer-
mented liquor, made from barley.  A kind of ale
or beer.—Dioscorides.
  COURO  MOELLI.  An  Indian tree, the bark
of which is said to be anti-venomous.
  COURON'DI, Couron'do.  An evergreen  tree
of India, the  juice of which,  mixed with warm
whey, is said to cure dysentery.—Ray.
  COURONNE  CILIAIRE,  Godronne canal —
c. du Dent, Crown of a tooth—c. du Gland, Crown
of the glans—c. du Trepan, Crown of the trepan
—c. de Venus, Crown of Venus.
  CO UR OXNE It A YONNANTE (F.)  A term
given by Rcil  to the fan-shaped  terminations of
the  crura cerebri in the brain.
  CO UR ONNEMENT (F.), Coro'na.  A vulgar
expression, sometimes used to  designate the cir-
cular ring, which  the  os  uteri forms around the
head of the child  at a certain period of  accouche-
ment :—the head  seeming to be surrounded, as it
were, by a crown.   The  head  is then  said to be
an conronncment.
  COUPS DE VENTRE, Diarrhoea.
  CO URSE, Running.
  COURSES, Menses.
  CO CRT, Short.
  COURTE  HALEINE, Dyspnoea.
  COUSIN, Culex.
  CO IJ SSI NET,  Pad.
  COUTEAU, Knife — c. d Amputation, Knife,
amputation — c. d Cataracte, Knife, cataract—c.
Courbe, Knife, crooked—c.  d  Crochet,  Knife,
crotchet—c. Desarticulateur, Knife, double-edged
—c. Droit,  Knife, amputation—c. de Feu, Cultel-
laire — c.  Interoaaeux, Knife,  double-edged — c.
Lenticuloire,   Knife, lenticular — c. Lithotome —
Knife, lithotomy — c. en  Serpette, Knife en  aer-
pette—c. Symphysien, seo Symphyseotomy—c. d
Deux, tranchans, Knife, double-edged.
  COUTOU'BEA ALBA,  Ex'acum   spica'tum,
Plcrium spica'tum.   A plant of Guiana, which
is very bitter, and is considered, in  the country,
to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys-
peptic.
  COUTURES PAR LA  PETITE YE ROLE,
see Cicatrix.
  COUTURIER, Sartorius.
  COUVERCLE, see Crucible.
  COUVRECHEF (F.),  Cucul'lua,  Fascia'tio
cuculla'ta,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trum. A bandage,
applied to  the head for  retaining certain dress-
ings,  Ac. in situ.  The French  surgeons distin-
guish  two  kinds.   1.  The  Grand Couvrechef ou
Servette  en carre  (Cucul'lua  major,)  which is
formed of  a  napkin  or  large square  compress:
and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef on.  Mouchoir en tri-
angle (Cucul'lua minor,) formed of a  napkin or
other square  compress, folded from  one angle to
the other diagonally opposite  to it.       •
  COUVRECHEF, see  Bandage, Galen's.
  COVE, CLIMATE OF.  On the northern side
of  Cork Harbour, in Ireland,  is the  Island of
Cove.  The town of Cove  is on  the southern ac-
clivity of a hill running from east to west.  It is,
consequently, sheltered  from the north winds,
and receives the full force  of  the sun.   It is one
of the mildest climates in Great  Britain, and cor-
responds in  its  influence  on disease with  the
south-west of England.  It is well adapted as a
winter retreat for the phthisical.
. COVOLAM, Crata'va  Marmcloa.  The bark of
this tree is tonic:  the unripe  fruit is astringent:
but, when ripe, is delicious.
  COAVBANE, Cicuta aquatica.
  COAVBERRA',  A'accinium vitis idoea.
  COWIIAGE, Dolichos pruriens.
  COAVITCH. Doliehos pruriens.
  COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum.
  COWPER'S GLANDS, Accessory glands, (F.)
Glandes accessoires, G. de Cowper, Prostates infe-
rieures ou  Petites prostates.   Two  small ovoid
groups of mucous, reddish follicles, situate behind
the bulb of the urethra, before the prostate, the
excretory ducts of which open into the bulbous
portion of  the urethra.  They  are  also  called
Glan'dula  antepros'tata, and  67. pros'tata infe-
rio'rea.
  Cowper's Glands in the Female, Gland8 of
Duvemey, Glanda of Bartholinua, Pros'tata mu-
lie'bria seu Barthollni, are situate at each side
of the entrance of the vagina, beneath the skin
covering the posterior or inferior part of the labia.
They are rounded, but elongated, flat, and bean-
shaped ; their long diameter varying from  five to
ten lines; their transverse, from two and  a half
to four and a quarter;  and their thickness from
two and a quarter to three lines.  Like Cowper's
glands in the male, they are not invariably pre-
sent.   The secretion from them is a thick, tena-
cious,  grayish-white fluid,  which is emitted in
great quantity during sexual intercourse;  and is
probably the fluid, supposed, of old, to be the fe-
male sperm.                        ,
  COAVPOX, Vaccina—c Inoculation, Vaccina-
tion— c Itch, see Itch, cowpox — c. Aresicle,  see
Araccination.
  COAVRAP, Impetigo.
  COAVSLIP,  Primula veris—c. Jerusalem, Pul-
monaria.
  COWAVEED, Chajrophyllum sylvestre.
  COXA, Haunch.
  COX^ELUVIUM, Bath, hip.
  COX AGRA, Neuralgia femoro-poplita?a.
  COXAL'GIA, Merocoxalgia, Osphyal'gia, Oa-
phyalge'ma. A word of hybrid origin, from coxa,
' hip,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the hip.  A sign
of rheumatic or other inflammation—Coxi'tia, or
of some disease about the  hip-joint.  See Neu-
ralgia femoro-poplita?a, and Coxarum morbus.
  C0XARTHR1TIS, Coxitis.
  COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus.
  COXA'RUM MORBUS, Ooxen'dicus seu  Coxa'-
rius morbus, Arthroc'ace coxa'rum,  Coxarthroc'-
ace, Osphyarthroc'ace,  Coxalgia (of some), Hip
disease.  A scrofulous caries,  and often sponta-
neous luxation of the head of  the os femoris,  oc-
casioning permanent shortening of the limb, and
not unfrequently hectic and death.
  COXEN'DIX,  Haunch.  This word has been
used  synonymously with ischium;  and  anato-
mists  have also  applied  it  to  the  ilia,  Ossa
Coxen'dicis.
  COXITIS,  Cox arthritis, a  hybrid  term, from
Coxa, ' the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation  of the hip-joint.
  COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-femora'lis.  Belong-
ing to the  coxal bone  or ileum, and to the os fe-
moris.  Ilio-femoral has the same signification.
  Coxo-Fem'oral  Articula'tion, Ilio-Femoral
A., (F.) Articulation de la Hanche, the Hip joint.
The head of the femur and the  articular cavity are
covered by a diarthrodial cartilage and synovial
capaule; and  by a very strong capsular or artic-
ular ligament attached to  the circumference of
the cotyloid cavity, and to the neck of the femur.
There is, also, a round or interarticular ligament,
passing from.the inferior notch of the cotyloid
cavity to the rough depression at the top of  the
caput femoris; and a cotyloid ligament, — a sort
of thick, cartilaginous ring, situate on the edge
of the cotyloid cavity, and converting the infe-
rior notch  into a foramen.  These are the "Teat
means of union in this extensive articulation.
   CRAB, As'tacus fluvialilis,  Cancer, Gam'ma-
rus, Gam'bams,  Cam'marus, (F.) Crabbe, Ecre-
visse, Escrevice.  A shell-fish  much  used as an 
CRABE
248
CRANIOLOGY
article of diet.  Like other shell-fish it is apt to
disagree, and excite urticaria, Ac.
  CRAPE. Crabyaws.
  CRABLOUSE;  a species of Pedic'ulns,  P.
Pubis, which infests the pudendum  and axilla.
(F.)  Movpion.  It  is easily destroyed by  the
white precipitate of mercury,  or  by mercurial
ointment.
  CRABS' EYES, Cancrorum chela?—c. Stones,
Cancrorum chela?.
  CRABYAWS, (F.)  Crabe.   A  name in  the
West Indies for a kind  of ulcer on the  soles  of
the feet, with  edges so hard, that they are diffi-
cult to cut.
  CRACHAT, Sputum.
  CRACHEMENT, Excreation—c. de Pua, Vo-
mica, Phthisis  pulmonalis—c. de Sang,  Haemop-
tysis.
  CRACHOTEMENT  (F.), from  cracher, 'to
spit.'  The frequent spitting of a small  quantity
of saliva.
  CRACKLING  OF LEATHER, see  Craque-
ment de cuir.
  CRACOAV  GROATS, Semolina.
  CRADLE, Sax. cnaoel, Ar'culua,  Solen, (F.)
Arceau  ou Archet.  A  semicircle  of thin wood,
or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact
of the bed-clothes  in wounds, fiactures,  Ac.  An
ordinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade
mothers and nurses to sleep with a child near
them, unless  it was placed under a solid  cradle
of this  kind,  in  order  that no accident  might
arise from orerlaying.
  CRiE'PALE, from xpatiraXn, Crap'ula, 'drunk-
enness,  surfeit.' A derangement of the functions
of the brain, Ac, produced by wine or any other
fermented liquor.—Galen.
  CRATE, Creta.
  CRAMA, xpapa,  from xepaw, 'I mix.'  A mix-
ture  of  any kind.  Dilute wine.
  CRAA1P.E, Cabbage.
  CRAM'BION, from xpapfa, 'cabbage.'  A de-
coction  of cabbage.—Hippocrates.
  CRAMP, from (G.) krampfen, 'to contract.'
Crampits, Enta'sia systrem'ma, Tel anus  dolorif-
icus, Myospas'mu8,  Spasmus muscula'ris, Myal-
gia, Rhege, Rhegma, Rhegmua.  A  sudden, invo-
luntary, and  highly  painful  contraction of  a
muscle or muscles.  It is most frequently expe-
rienced  in the lower extremities, and is a common
symptom of certain affections:—as  of Colica Pic-
tonum and Cholera Morbua.   Friction and com-
pression of the limb, by means  of a ligature
applied  round it above the muscles affected, will
usually  remove the spasm.
  Cramp, Scriveners', Cramp, AArriters'.
  Cramp of the Stomach, (F.) Crampe de VEs-
tomac.  A sudden, violent, and most painful affec-
tion of the stomach, with sense of constriction in
the epigastrium.  It seems to be the effect of the
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the
stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful
stimulants and antispasmodics, of  which opium
is the best.
  Cramp, AVriters', Graphospasm'us, Mogi-
groph'ia, (F.)  Crampe des Ecrivains,  Scriv'enera'
Cramp, Stam'mering of the Fingers. A condition
of the  fingers, in which they are unable to hold
the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of
the fingers are irregularly and irresistibly  con-
tracted.
  CRAMPE DES ECRIVAINS, Cramp, AVriters'.
  CRAMPE DE L'ESTOMAC, Cramp  of the
stomach.
  CRAN DE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia armo-
racia.
  CRANBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos — c.
American, Common, see Vaccinium oxycoccos —
c. Upland, Arbutus uva ursi.
  CRANE,  Cranium — c. Humain, Cranium hu-
manum.
  CRANE'S BILL, Geranium—c. Spotted, Ge-
ranium maculatum — c. Stinking, Geranium Ro-
bertianum.
  CRANIOCELE, Encephalocele.
  CRANIOHiEMATONCUS, Cephala?matoma.
  CRANIOL'OGY, Cranios'copy,  Craniolog"ia,
Phrenology, Cranioacop'ia,  C.  Gallia'na, Ence-
phaloacop'ia, Doctri'na Gallia'na.  AVords, intro-
duced, since Gall, into medical language.  The
first  two  terms are respectively  derived  from
xpaviov, 'cranium,' Xoyos, 'a discourse,' and oxonctv,
' to examine.'   They signify a description, or
simply an examination of the different parts of
the external surface of the cranium,  in order to
deduce from thence a knowledge of the different
intellectual, and  moral  dispositions.   Strictly
speaking, it is by Cranioecopy that we acquire a
knowledge of Craniology, Organology or Cran-
ology,  as it  has been variously termed.  These
words are generally, however, used in the same
sense.  The  cranium being moulded to the brain,
there are as many prominences  on the bone, as
there are projections at the surface of the brain.
According to Gall, each projection, which he  calls
an organ, is the seat  of a particular  intellectual
or moral faculty, and all persons endowed with
the same faculty, have, at the  same  part of the
brain, a prominence, which is  indicated, exter-
nally, by a bump or projection in the  bony  case.
The  System  of Gall is made  to  comprise 27 pro-
minences, which answer to 27 faculties. The fol-
lowing Table exhibits these supposed  organs, and
their seat.
Cerebral  Organs  and their  Seat, according to Gall.
1.  Instinct of generation, of reproduction ; ama-
  tivenesa;  inatinct of propagation ; venereal
  inetinct.
{German.) Z eu gu n gs tr i e b, Fortpflan-
  zungstrieb, Ge s ch 1 e ch ts t ri e b.
2.  Love of progeny ; philoprogenitiveness.
(G.)  Jungenli'ebe, Kinderliebe.
3.  Attachment, friendship.
(G.)  Freun dschaftsinn.
4.  Inatinct of defending aelf and property ; love
  °f'strife and combat; combativeneaa; courage.
(G.)  Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn.

5.  Carnivorous instinct; inclination to murder ;
  destructireness ; cruelty.
(G.)  Wurgsinn,  Mordsinn.
Seated in the cerebellum.  It Is manifested at the
  surface of the cranium by two round protube-
  rances, one on each side of the nape of the
  neck.

Indicated at the external occipital  protuberance.

About the middle of the posterior margin of the
  parietal bone, anterior to the last.
Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last,
  and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal
  bone.
Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals;
  forms a prominence at the posterior and supe-
  rior part of the squamous surface of the tem-
  poral bone, above the mastoid process. 
CRANIOLOGY
249
CRANIOLOGY
6.  Cunning ; finesse ; addreaa ; secretiveneaa.
(G.)  List, Schlauheit,  Klugheit.

7.  Ih-sirc of property ; provident inatinct; cupi-
  dity ; inclination to robbery ; acquisitiveness.
(G.)  E ig e n th u m ssin n,  Hang zu  stehl-
  cn,  Einsammlungssinn, Diebsinn.

8.  Pride; haughtineaa;  love of authority ; ele-
  vation.
(G.)  Stolz,  Hochmuth,  Hohensinn,
  Herrschsucht.
9,  Vanity; ambition; love of glory.
(G.)  Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Ehrgeiz.
10. Circumspection ; foreaight.
(G.)  B ehu tsamkeit,  Vorsicht,   Vor-
  sichtigheit.
11. Memory of thing a ; memory of facta ; aenae
  of thinga; educability; perfectibility; docility.
(G.)  S ache d'ach tn i s s,  Erziehungs-
  f'ahigkeit,  Sachsinn.

12. Sense of locality ; sense of the relation of
  apace; memory of placee.
(G.) Ortsinn, Raumsinn.

13. Memory of persona ; aenae of persons.
(G.) Personensinn.

14, Sense of words; sense of names ; verbal me-
   mory.
(G.) Wordgedachtniss,  Namensinn.

15. Sense of spoken language; talent of philo-
   logy ;  study of languages.
(G.) Sprachforschungssinn,  AV ort-
   sinn, Sprachsinn.
16. Sense of the  relations of colour; talent of
  painting.
(G.) Farbensinn.
17. Sense of the relations of tones; musical ta-
   lent.
(0.) Tonsinn.
18. Sense of the relations of numbers ; mathema-
   tics.
(G.) Z ah 1 e n s i n n.
19. Sense of mechanics; sense of construction;
   talent of architecture ; industry.
(G.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn.
20. Comparative sagacity.
(G.) Vergleichender Scharfsinn.

21. Metaphysical penetration ; depth of mind.
(G.) Me taphysischer Tiefsinn.

22.  Wit.
(G.) AVitz.
23. Poetical talent.
(G.) D ich terge is t.
24. Goodness ; benevolence ; mildness;  compas-
   sion;  sensibility; moral  sense; conscience;
   bonhommie.
(G.) du t in iithigkeit, Mitleiden, mo-
   ra lischer Sinn, Gewissen.
25. Imitation ; mimicry.
(G.) Nachahmungssinn.
26. God and religion; theosophy.
(G.) Theosophisches Sinn.
27. Firmness; constancy; perseverance; obsti-
   nacy.
(G.) Stetigkeit, Festersinn.

   The first nineteen of these, according to Gall,
are common to man and animals; the remaining
eight, man possesses exclusively.  They are, con-
sequently, the attributes of humanity.

       Organs according to  Spurzheim.
   1. Atnativeness. — 2.  Philoprogenitiveness.—
3. Iiihiihitiveness. — 4.  Adhesiveness or Attach-
ment.—5. Combativeness.—6. Destructiveness.—
Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon thfl
  sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone.
Anterior to that of cunning, of which it seems to
  be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics,
  with which it contributes to widen the cranium,
  by the projection which  they form at the  side
  of the frontal bone.

Behind the top of the  head, at the extremity of
  the sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone.

Situate at the side  of the last, near the posterior
  internal angle of the parietal bone.

Corresponds to the parietal protuberance.
 Situate at the root of the  nose, between the  two
   eyebrows, and a little above them.

 Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex-
   ternally by two prominences at the inner edge
   of the eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and
   outside of the organ of memory of things.
 At the inner angle of the orbit.
 Situate at the posterior part  of the base of the
   two anterior lobes of the brain, on the frontal
   part of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make
   the eye prominent.

 Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced-
   ing and that of the knowledge of colour.

 The middle part of the eyebrows, encroaching a
   little on the forehead.

 A little above and.to one side of the last; above
   the outer third of the orbitar arch.

 On  the outside of the organ of the sense of the
   relation of colour, and below the last.
' A round  protuberance at the lateral base of the
   frontal bone, towards the  temple, and behind
   the organs  of music and numbers.
 At  the middle  and anterior part of the frontal
   bone, above that of the  memory of things.
 In  part confounded  with the preceding.  Indi-
   cated at the outer side of the last by a protu-
   berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar
   hemispherical shape.
 At  the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv-
   ing greater width to the frontal prominence.
 On  the outer side of the  last; divided into two
   halves by the coronal suture.

 Indicated by an oblong  prominence above the
   organ of comparative sagacity; almost at the
   frontal suture.
At the outer side of the last.
At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior
  angles of the parietal bone.
The  top of the  head; at the anterior and most
  elevated part of the parietal bone.
7. Constructiveness.—8. Acquisitiveness.—9. Se-
cretiveness.—10. Self-esteem.—11.  Love of Ap-
probation.—12. Cautiousness.—13. Benevolence.
—14. ATeneration.—15. Firmness.—16. Conscien-
tiousness or Justice. —17. Hope. —18.  Marvel-
lousness.—19. Wit.—20. Ideality.—21. Imitation.
—22.  Individuality.—23.  Form.—24. Size.—25.
Weight and Resistance.—26. Colour.—27. Loca-
lity.—2S. Numeration.—29. Order.—30. Eventu- 
               CRANIOMETRY

ality. —31.  Time. —32.  Melody or Tune.—33.
Language. — 34.  Comparison. — 35. Causality.
  A fundamental principle with  the  Craniolo-
gists or Phrenologists is,—that the brain does not
act as a  single organ, but that it consists of a
plurality of organs: but, were we  able to admit
this, the assignment of the seat of different facul-
ties could not but be considered premature.
  CRANIOM'ETRY,  Craniomelria;  from xpa-
viov, 'the  cranium,' and perpov, 'measure.' Mea-
surement  of the skull.
  CRANIOPATHI'A; from  xpaviov,  'the ora-
nium,' and irados, ' disease.'   Disease of the cra-
nium.
  CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology.
  CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal.
  CRANIOTABES; from cranium, 'the skull,'
and tabes, 'wasting.'   A softening of  the bones
of the cranium, and a consequent thinness of those
bones,—as the occiput, (soft occiput,)—which are
much  exposed to pressure.   It is a variety of
rickets.—Els'asser.
  CRANIOT'OMA", Craniotom'ia; from xpaviov,
'the cranium,' and ropn, 'incision.'  The opera-
tion of opening the head in parturition.
  Craniotomy Forceps.  An instrument, resem-
bling the lithotomy forceps,  for laying  hold of
and breaking down the bones of the head, in par-
turition.
  CRANIUM, Cra'nion, Cranum, Calva'ria, Sca'-
phion, Conchus, Calva, Olla cap'itis, Theca cer'-
ebri, Brain-pan, the skull; from  xpavos, 'a hel-
met,' or from  xpavov, 'head.'  (F.) Crane.  The
collection of bones which form the case for lodg-
ing the brain and its membranes, as well as their
vessels, and some of  the nerves.   These bones
are eight  in number—the frontal, occipital, two
parietal, two temporal, the sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Besides these, there might be considered, as be-
longing to the cranium, the cornua sphenoidalia,
the bones of the ear, and the ossa Wormiana.
Dr.  Prichard  has  characterized the  primitive
forms of the skull according to the width of the
Bregma, or space between the parietal bones : 1.
The Stenobregmate, (arevos, 'narrow,') or Ethio-
pian variety.  2. The Mesobregmate, (peaos, 'mid-
dle,') or Caucasian variety;  and 3.  The Platy-
brcgmate,  (trXarvs, 'broad,') or Mongolian variety.
  Cranium  Huma'num,  Human Cra'nium, (F.)
Crane  humain.  This was anciently much used
in prescriptions, and was considered anti-epilep-
tic, alexipharmic, antiloimic,  Ac.
  CRANOMANCY,  Cranomanti'a, from xpavov,
'the head,' and pavrcia, 'divination.'   (F.) Cra-
nomancie.  The art of divining—from the inspec-
tion of the head or cranium—the moral disposi-
tions and  inclinations of individuals.
  CRAATS0A7, Cochlearia officinalis.
  CRANSSAC,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Cranssac is a village in the department of Avey-
ron, six leagues from  Rhodez, which  possesses
acidulous  chalybeate  springs, that  have  been
known for a long time.
  CHANTER, from xpaivciv, 'to finish,' 'render
perfect.'  The Dens Sapien'tia has been so called.
  CRANUM,  Cranium.
  CRAPULA, Creepale.
  CRAQUEMENT DE CUIR, (F.) 'Crackling
of leather.'  A sound like the crackling of new
leather, sometimes heard on examining the heart
with the stethoscope.  It has been supposed to
be symptomatic of pericarditis.
  CRAQUEMENT PULMONAIRE, (F.) 'Pul-
monary crackling.'  This bruit or sound consists
in a succession of small cracklings, heard during
inspiration, and almost always at the top of the
lung. It is heard at the commencement of phthisis.
  CRASIS; from xtpavvvpi, T mix.'  A mixture
of the constituents of a fluid;  as the craaia of the
0                CREASOTE

 blood, humoura, Ac.   The word has also been
 employed in a  more  extensive signification, as
 synonymous with  Conatitution, Temperament, Ac.
   CRASPEDON, Staphyledema.
   CRASSAMENTUM,  from  crasaua,  'thick.'
 The thick part or deposit of any fluid.  It is par-
 ticularly applied to the clot of the blood.
   Crass amentum  Sanguinis, see Blood.
   CRASSE, (F.)   Dirt  or impurity.  A sort of
 layer or enduit, which  covers the  skin, where
 cleanliness  is  not attended  to; and which is
 sometimes  the result  of the  cutaneous  exhala-
 tion ; at others, of extraneous matter adhering to
 the surface of the body.
   CRASSE'NA.  A term  by which Paracelsus
 designated the  saline, putrescent, and corrosive
 principles, which,  he thought, gave  rise to ulcers
 and tumours of different kinds.
   CRASSULA, Sedum  telephium — c  Arbores-
 cens, see Cotyledon orbiculata—c Portulacacea,
 c Tetragona.
   Cras'sula  Tetrag'ona.   A  South  African
 succulent plant, which is  somewhat astringent.
 Boiled in milk  it is used in diarrhoea,   Crassula
 portulaca'cea is said to  be used in similar cases.
   CRASSUS, Corpulent.
   CRATiE'GUS A'RIA, from xparos, 'strength,'
 owing to the  hardness of  the wood.  Mes'pilus,
 M. A'ria, Aria  seu Sorbus, S. Aria  seu Alplna,
 White Bean Tree, (F.) Alisier  blanc,  Alouche,
 Alouchier.   The fruit, which  is of the size  of a
 small pear, is slightly astringent, and somewhat
 agreeable to the taste.  It  has been  employed in
 diarrhoea.
   CRAT.EVA  MARMELOS, Covolam.
   CRATERAU'CHEN,  from xpanpos,  'strong,'
 and avxnv, ' neck.'  One with a strong neck : as
 well as a strong neck itself.
   CRATEV^ESIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
   CRATOS, Force.
   CRAUTE, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Crauta
 is a village five leagues from Autun, in France,
 where are  mineral springs,  containing  sulpho-
 hydrate of magnesia,  chloride of sodium, chlo-
 ride of  lime, sulphate of lime, and carbonate of
 magnesia.
   CRA VATE  SUISSE (F.) A band of the lon-
 gitudinal or superficial  layer of the muscular
 fibres of the stomach, along the lesser curvature
 of the organ, the shape of which it assists in pre-
 serving ; — so called, on  account of  a fancied re-
 semblance to a Swiss  cravat.
   CRAYEUX, Cretaceous.
   CRA YON NOIR,  Graphites.
   CRAZINESS, Insanity.
   CRAZY, Insane.
   CREA, Shin.
   CREAM,  Cremor, (F.) Crime.  A thick, unctu-
 ous matter, of a yellowish-white colour, and siveet,
 agreeable taste, which rises to the surface of milk,
 if kept at rest.   It is composed of butter, serum,
 and casein.
   Crime is a name given  in France to bouillies
 prepared with  farina of different kinds;  as  tho
 Cream of Rice, (F.) Crime  de Riz, C. of Barley,
 (F.) C. d'Orge, Ac
  Cream, Cold, Ceratum  Galeni,   Unguentum
 Aqua? rosae—c. of Tartar, Potassa; supertartras.
  CRE'ASOTE, Cre'osote, Creaso'tum, Krc'aeote,
 Creaao'ton, Creozo'ton; from xpeas,  'flesh,' and
 awrnp, 'a preserver.' A substance discovered  not
long ago by Reiehenbach.  It is obtained from
tar, by distillation, and appears  to be the active
antiseptic and medicinal agent in tar-water and
crude pyroligneous acid.  It is a colourless trans-
parent fluid, of a  penetrating and  disagreeable
odour, and is freely soluble in alcohol and acetic
acid. Its taste is bitter.  S. g. 1.037. It coagu-
lates albumen, whence its hremostatic power.  It
2; 
CREATINE
251
CREST
i-  a most powerful  antiseptic;  and  has been
largely administered in hemorrhages both inter-
nally and externally.   As an external applica-
tion, it has been used in burns, ulcers,  especially
those of a sloughing character, chronic cutaneous
affections, and has been applied to tapeworm when
protruded, Ac.  Internally, it has been adminis-
tered in phthisis, vomiting, diabetes mellitus, ner-
vous  diseases,  chronic glanders,  Ac.  The  dose
internally is one  or two drops.  Externally, it is
sometimes applied  pure: at  others,  diluted, and
commonly with water, (f'3ss  to f^vj;) or in the
form of ointment, (f,3ss to 31 of cerate.)
   CRE'ATINE,  Cre'atin, Creati'na, Kre'atine,
from xpeas, ' flesh.'  A nitrogenized crystallizable
neutral substance,  obtained  by the agency of
water and heat in making'broths and soups.  It
does not combine either with acids or alkalies.
   By the action of  strong acids, creatine is con-
verted into Creatinine or Kreatinine, a substance
which has a strong alkaline  reaction, and forms
crystallizable  salts with acids.  It preexists to a
small extent in the juice of flesh; and is found
in conjunction with creatine in urine.
   CREATININE, see Creatine.
   CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
   CREAZOTON, Creasote.
   CREEPER, TRUMPET,  Tecoma radicans—
c. Alrginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma
radicans.
   CRftMASON,  Pyrosis.
   CREMASTER, Suspendic'ulum, Elera'tor Tea-
tic'uli, Mua'culus Testis, 31.  Test-icon'dus.  That
which suspends ;  from xpcpaw, ' I suspend.'  The
Greeks designated,  by this term,  the  spermatic
chord, or all the parts by which  the testicle is,
as it were, suspended ; but, since A'csalius, it has
received  its present limited meaning.  The cre-
master is a very thin, muscular fascia—sometimes
hardly perceptible — which detaches itself from
the internal oblique muscle;  passes through the
abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica
vaginalis; serving to draw up the testicle, and
to move it slightly.  It  has been,  also, called
Tunica Erythro'i'dcs and Suspenso'rium Testis.
   CREMASTERIC,  Cremaster'icus, same ety-
mon as Cremaster.  Appertaining  or relating to
the cremaster,—as 'cremasteric artery,'—a branch
of the epigastric.
   CREME, Cream—c. de Soufre, Sulphur pra?ci-
pitatum—c. de Tartre, Potassa? supertartras.
   CREMER.   The common  name for a  disease
frequent in Hungary, which  is produced by ex-
cess in eating  and drinking.—Chomel.
   CREMNOI,  plural of xpnpvos, 'a  steep bank.'
The lips of an ulcer. The Labia puden'di.—Hip-
pocrates, Foesius.  Hence:
   CREMNON'CUS, from xpnpvos,  'the labia pu-
dendi,' and oyxos, 'a tumour.'  A swelling of the
labia pudendi.
   CREMOR.  Cream—c. Tartari, Potassa? super-
tartras—c Urina?, see Urine.
   CRENA.  Crenatu'ra, Dcntic'ulus, (F.) Crene-
lurc.   In  the  plural,  the small teeth or  projec-
tions  in  the bones  of the cranium, by means of
which an accurate  junction  is formed  at the su-
tures.  Cenclnre has also been used in surgery,
for the gutter or groove in certain instruments,
which  is  generally intended to secure the passage
of cutting instruments; the groove, for example,
of a director.
  CRENATURA, Crena.
   CREXELURE, Crena.
  CRE'OLE,  ^.) Criollo; from  (S.) criar, 'to
create  or foster.'  A native of America, or of the
AVest Indies, born of parents who have emigrated
from  the  Old  AA'orld, or  from Africa.   Hence
there may be white as well  as black  Creoles.—
Tschudi.
  CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
  CREPALIA  TEMULENTA,  Lolium temu-
lentum.
  CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europo?a.
  CREPATIO,  Crepa'tura,  from  crepare,  ' to
make a noise.'   The action of bursting any seed
by ebullition.   Coque ad crepatu'ram,  ' Boil till
it bursts.'
  CREPATURA, Hernia.
  CREPIDINES PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus.
  CREP'ITANT, Crep'itating, Crep'itans; same
etymon.  Crackling.
  Rtile Crepitant Sec  d Grosses   Bulles,  'dry
crackling noise with formation of large bubbles,'
is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis-
tention becomes greater and  greater, and is fol-
lowed by rupture of the vesicles; The air forcing
itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue,
gives rise to this Rale during inspiration.
  Rale Crepitant Sec of Laennec, R. vesiculaire.
The  crepitant rattle,  heard, during respiration, in
severe pneumonia and in oedema of the lung;  so
termed on account of the  analogy between the
sound  and that occasioned by pressing a  healthy
lung between the fingers.  It resembles the sound
produced  by rubbing slowly and firmly between
the finger and thumb a lock of hair near  the ear.
The Rhonchus crepitans redux, (F.) Rale crepitant
redux,  is the sound heard in respiration coexistent
with the resolution of pneumonia.   It indicates
the return of the cells to the pervious condition.
  CREPITATION, Crcp'itus, from crepitare, 'to
make a noise.'  Crackling.  Crepitation or crepi-
tus, (F.) Cliquetis, has  been used, in Surgery, to
designate  the noise occasioned by the friction of
fractured  bones, when the  surgeon moves them
in certain directions.  AVhen it cannot be heard
at a  distance, it may be detected by the immedi-
ate  application of the ear, or by the use of the
stethoscope.  Crepitus or crackling is, likewise,
met with in cases of gangrene, when air is effused
into  the areolar membrane—provided the part be
carefully examined with the fingers.  The same
term is used for the cracking of the joints  in
health  or disease.
  CREPITUS,  Crepitation, Fart—c. Lupi, Ly-
coperdon.
  CRESCENTIA, Growth.
  Crescen'tia Cuje'te; called after Crescendo,
an Italian writer on agriculture; Cujete, A'arroic-
Icaved Calabash Tree.   The pulp of the  fruit of
this AVest India plant is acidulous.   It is used in
diarrhoea  and headaeh; and, in syrup,  for dis-
eases of the chest.
  CRESCEXTLE, AVaxing kernels.
  CRESERA. see Cribration.
  CRESPINUS, Oxycantha Galeni.
  CRESS. BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra-
tensis—c Garden, Lepidium sativum—c Indian,
Tropaolummajus—c. Penny.Thlaspi—c. Swines',
Cochlearia coronopus—c. AVater, Sisymbrium nas-
turtium— c AVater. marsh, Nasturtium palustre
  CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana—c.  Sciatica, Le-
pidium Iberis.
  CRESSL Sisymbrium nasturtium.
  CRESSOX ALEXOIS, Lepidium sativum —
c. Elegant, Cardamine.pratensis—c. de  Fontaine,
Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. des hides, Tropa?o-
lum  majus — c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum—
c. du Mcrique, Tropaaolum majus — c.  de Para,
Spilanthus oleraceus —c. des Pres, Cardamine
pratensis.
  CREST, Crista — c of the Ilium,  see Crista of
the Ilium—c of the  Pubis, see Crista of the Pu-
bis— c. of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia—c. of
the Urethra, see Crista urethralis. 
CRETA
252
CRICOID
  CRETA, Car'bonas calcis friab'ilis, Car'bonas
calca'reus, Glisomar'go, Melia Terra, Chalk, Car-
bonate of Lime, (F.j Craie.  Native friable car-
bonate of lime.
  Creta Prepara'ta, Car'bonas Calcis prapa-
ra'tus, Prepared Chalk.  (Prepared by levigation.)
Used externally, as an  absorbent; internally, as
an antacid.   Dose, gr. x to £j  or more.
  CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'ceus,(F.) Crayeux,from
creta,  ' chalk.'  Containing, or  relating  to, or
having the  characters  of,  chalk; as ' cretaceous
mixture, cretaceous tubercles.'
   CRETE, Crista—c. de Coq,  Crista galli—c. de
VEthmoide,  Crista galli—c. Urethrale, Gallinagi-
nis caput.
   CR/iTES DE COQ, see Crista.
   CRETIA7.   One affected with  cretinism.  The
word is  said to come  from Chretien, "Christian,"
because the Cr6tin, being  in a state of idiocy, is
incapable of committing any sin  (?)  See Cagot.
   CRET'INTSM, Cretinis'mus, Cret'inage, Cyrto'-
si8  Cretinis'mus, Kretinis'mus, Micrencepllalon.
 An  epidemic affection in  the  low, deep, narrow
 situations  of the Valais;  in the valley of Aost,
 Maurienne, a part of Switzerland, the Pyrenees,
 Tyrol, Ac.  It is a state of  idiocy, commonly
 accompanied by an enormous goitre, and is often
 hereditary.  The unfortunate cr6tin is little better
 than the animals around him.  He rarely attains
 an advanced age.   Like idiocy, cretinism has been
 divided into complete and  incomplete.
   CREUSET, Crucible.
   CREUX DE L'AISSELLE, see Axilla.
   CREUX DE L'ESTOMAC, Fossette du cceur.
   CREUX DE LA MAIN, Palm.
   CREUZNACH, MINERAL   AVATERS OF.
 The springs of Creuznach are in  Germany.  They
 contain iodine, bromine,  and the chlorides  of
 sodium and calcium.
   CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  C. is
 a mountain  to the north-east of Mount Cenis.
 Near it is a saline chalybeate spring.
   CRE VASSE, (F.) Rima, from crever,' to break
 or crack.'   A crack, a cleft.  The words crevasse,
 gercure, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno-
 nymously for small longitudinal cracks or chaps
 of a more or less painful character.   Sometimes,
 crevasse is employed to designate the solutions of
 continuity  or  ruptures, which supervene in dis-
 tended parts, in the urinary passages,  uterus, Ac.:
 it is then synonymous with rupture.
   CRI, Cry;
   CRIBLE, Cribratus.
   CRIBRA, see Cribration.
   CRIBRATION, Cribra'tio, Coscinis'mns, from
 crib rare, 'to  sift.'  Sifting.  A pharmaceutical
 operation, which consists  in separating  the finer
 parts of drugs from the coarser.  Sieves.  Drum-
 sieves are used for this purpose.   These were for-
 merly called   Cribra; Cos'cinoi.   A  sieve  for
 separating the bran from  meal was termed Cre'-
 eera, Aleurote'sis,  Cribrum Pollina'rium.
   CRIB RA'T U S, Cribro'sus, from cribrum, ' a
  sieve.'  (F.)  Cribie.  Having  holes like a sieve.
 Lame criblee, Crib'riform plate, is the horizontal
 lamina of the ethmoid bone—so called because it
  is perforated like a sieve.  Through the perfora-
  tions the olfactory nerves pass.
   La'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus ; Crib'riform la-
  mella— a  circular  spot, perforated with small
  holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from
  the inside, after removing the retina and choroid.
  From these holes the medullary matter may be
  expressed.
    CRIB'RIFORM,  Cribrifor'mia, from cribrum,
  ' a  sieve,' and forma, ' form.'  The ethmoid bone
  was formerly so called:—Oa Cribrifor'me.
  Cribriform Compress.  A square piece of linen
pierced with a number of holes.   This  is spread
with cerate and applied to a suppurating surface,
the holes being intended for the escape of the pus.
  Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform—c.
Lamella, see Cribratus—c. Plate of the Ethmoid,
see Cribratus.
  CRIBROSUS, Cribratus.
  CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration.
  CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid.
  CRICELLA'SIA, Criciltlsia,  from xpixos,  'a
circle,' and eXaww, ' I  drive.'   An  exercise with
the ancients, which appears to have been the same
as the childish play of rolling the hoop.
  CRICK IN THE NECK.  A painful rheuma-
tic  affection  of  the muscles of the neck, which
causes the person to hold his head to one side in
a characteristic manner.
  C RIC O-A RY T'E NOID, Crico-arytendideus,
 Cricaryteno'des.  Relating to the cricoid and ary-
tenoid cartilages.
   Crico-Aryt'enoid Muscle, Crico-arytendide-
us  latera'lis, Crico-latero-aryteno'idien.  A muscle
which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe-
rior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the  outer and
anterior  part of the base of the  arytenoid carti-
lage.  It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward
 and forwards.
   Crico-Aryt'enoid, Poste'rior ; Crim-aryte-
 no'ideus posticus, Crico-creti-aryteno'idien, Diltt-
 tateur posterieur du Larynx. A small, triangular
 muscle, seated at the back part of the larynx.  It
 extends  from the prominent line, at the middle of
 the posterior surface  of the cricoid cartilage, to
 the outer and posterior part of the base of the
 arytenoid cartilage.
   Crico-Arytenoideus Supe'rior, of AVinslow,
 forms part of the Aryteno'ideus of modern anato-
 mists.
    CRICO- CRETI-ARYTENOIDIEN, Crico-
 arytenoid,  posterior — c.  Latero - arytenoidien,
 Crico-arvtenoid.
   CRICO - PHARYNGEAL,  Crico-Pharyngeus.
 Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx.
   Crico-Pharyngeus muscle, of AVinslow, is a
 fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor
 Pharyngis  inferior.   He  calls  the other part
  Thyro-pharynge'us,  and proposes  to  call the
 whole Thyro-crico-pharyngeus.
    CRICO-THYREOIDES, Crico-Thyroidean.
    Crico-Thyroidean,  Crico-thyroid,  Crico-thy-
 reo'dea,  Crico-thyreo'ldea, Crico-thyreo'ideua.  Be-
 longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
    Crico-Thyroid Membrane is of a fibrous na-
 ture,  and extends from the upper  edge of the
 cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the thyroid.
    Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico-thyro'ideus,(F.)
 Dilatateur anterieur du larynx,  is a small fleshy
 bundle, of a triangular shape, at the anterior and
 inferior part of  the larynx.  It  extends from the
  outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late-
 ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car-
  tilage ;  and its use is, to approximate, anteriorly,
  the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy-
  roid cartilages;  and thus to stretch the ligaments
  of the glottis,  which it contracts by  separating
  the thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid.
    CRICO- TH YR O-PHAR YNGIEN, Constric-
  tor pharyngis.
    CRICOID,  CricoVdeua, Cticdi'dea,  Orico'dei,
  Annula'ria, Cymbala'ria, from  xpixos, 'a ring,
  and etlos,  ' form.'  Having the  form  of a ring.
  A name given  to one of  the  cartilages of the
  larynx,  Curtila'go innomina'ta,  (F.)  Cartilage
  anonyme, which is situate  at its lower part, be-
  tween the thyroid and first ring of the trachea.
  It is much higher behind than before. 
CRICOIDES
253
CROCOMAGMA
   CRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid.
   CRICOS, Ring.
   C R I M N 0' D E S, CrimnoVdea,  from xptpvov,
 'coarse meal,' and eilos, 'resemblance.'  Resem-
 bling meal.
   Ckimm/des Uri'na.   Urine that deposits  a
 sediment like meal.
   CR1MNON, Farina.
   CRINA'LE,  from crinis,  'hair.'  An instru-
 ment formerly used  to compress in cases of fis-
 tula lachrymalis.  It has its name  from the  cir-
 cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion
 stuffed with hair.—Scultetus.
   CRINA'TUM.  A species  of fumigation, used
 by Paulus of „Egina.  The roots of lilies entered
 into the process; hence its name,—from xpivov,
 'thelilv.'
   CRINES, Hair.
   CRINIS, Capillus.
   CRINOM'YRON, from xpivov, 'the lily,' and
 pvpov,  'ointment.'    Unguen'tum  liliu'ccum,  U.
 "Egyp'tium album,  U. Susi'num.  An ointment,
 composed of lilies and  some aromatic plants. —
 Gorrauis,
   CRINON, Lilium  candidum.
   CRIOLLO, Creole.
   CRIOMV'X'OS.   In antiquity, one  who had
 much mucus flowing from his nasal fossa?, like
 the ram: from xpios,  'a ram,' and pv^a, 'mucus.'
   CRISIS, Diac'riaia,  Dijudica'tio,  'decision;'
 from  xptvo, ' I decide.'   This  word has been used
 in various acceptations.  Some mean by crisia of
 a diseaae, when  it augments or diminishes consi-
 derably, becomes  transformed into another,  or
 ceases entirely.  Some have used the word  to
 signify only the  favourable changes which super-
 vene  in disease; others, for the change going on
 in tho acme or violenoe of the disease.   Others,
 again, have given this name  only to a rapid and
'favourable change, joined to some copious eva-
 cuation or eruption; whilst others  have applied
 the term to the  symptoms that accompany such
 change, and  not to the change itself;—thus  in-
 cluding, under the same denomination,  the criti-
 cal phenomena and  the criaia.
   CRISPATTON,   Criapatu'ro,  from  criapare,
 ' to wrinkle.'  A contraction or spasmodic con-
 striction, which supervenes in certain parts, either
 spontaneously or by the influence of some mor-
 bific cause or therapeutical agent.   The  capillary
 vessels  of a wound  are, by the French, termed
 crispes, when, immediately,  after an operation,
 the blood does not flow from  them.   The skin is
 said  to  be cri«)iee,  when contracted,  and the
 oulbs of the hair become more prominent.  Cris-
 pation of the nerves  is a slight convulsive motion
 of external or internal parts, much less than that
 which occurs in convulsion.
   CRISTA, Ambe, Ambon.  A crest.  (F.) Crete.
 A name  given to several bony projections; also,
 to the clitoris.
   The word Cretea (F.), Crista, is  also  used,  in
 France, for fimbriated  excrescences, which  form
 at the anus, and near the genital organs; and are
 commonly owing to  the  syphilitic virus.  Cretea
 de Coq are syphilitic  excrescences, resembling, in
 form, the crest of the cock.
  Cu'sta Galli;  two  Latin words, signifying
 the tjmb of a cock,  (F.) Crete de lethmo'ide,  C.
 de Coq.   A flat, triangular process, rising above
 the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and re-
 sembling a cock's comb.  It gives attachment to
 the anterior part of the falx cerebri.
  Crista or Crest of the Il'ium, is the  supe-
 rior margin of the ilium :—the Criata or Great of
 the Tib'in. the anterior edge, the shin; and the
 Crista or Crest of the Pubis, the posterior sharp
 edge on the upper surface of the bone.  AVinslow
 calls  the  nymphae  Crista of the  clit'oris; and
 Chaussier, the veru montanum, Criata Urethra'-
 lia, Crest of the Urethra.
   Crista  Interna,  Frontal  spine — c. Tibiae,
 Shin—c. Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput.
   Crista A'estib'uli, Eminen'tia pyramida'lis.
 A crest which divides  the vestibule  of  the  ear
 into two fossa?, — one inferior and hemispherical,
 called Fo'vea hemispha'rica ;  the  other superior
 and semi-elliptical,  Fovea  ellip'tica seu  semi-
 ellip'tica. Morgagni has described a third groove-
 like fossa, Reces'sus seu Fo'vea sulcifornlis, situ-
 ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two
 superior semicircular canals.
   CRISTA  CLITORIDIS, Nympha?.
   CRIST ALL IN, Crystalline.
   CRISTALLINE,  Mesembryanthemum  crys,
 tallinum.
   CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis.
   CRITHIDION, Hordeolum.
   CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca-
 ehrys marit'ima, Fcenic'ulum mari'num, Samphire,
 (F.) Passe-pierre, Perce-pierre, Fenouil marin,
 Bacile.  Family, Umbellifera?.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen-
 tandria Digynia.   A  plant which  grows on the
 sea-coasts, has a  spicy, aromatic flavour, and is
 used,  pickled, as a condiment.
   The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of crithmum.
   CRIT'ICAL, Crit'icus.  Belonging to a crisis.
   Critical Days, Dies crit'ici, D. judicato'rii,
 D. Decreto'rii, D. Prin'cipes, D. Radica'les, D.
 Contemplab'iles, D. Internun'cii, (F.) Joura cri-
 tiquea, are those on which a crisis, it is imagined,
 is  most likely to happen.  According to  Hippo-
 crates and Galen, the greatest number of fevers
 terminate favourably  on the  7th day, and many
 on the  14th; — these two days being the  most
 propitious.  Next to these come, in order of effi-
 ciency, the 9th, 11th, 20th or  21st, 17th, 5th, 4th,
 3d, 18th,  27th, and 28th. The sixth day was
 called by Galen,  the Tyrant, rvpawos, because
 the crises that happened then were generally un-
 favourable.   After this, the  most unfavourable
 were  the  8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and  19th.  The
 13th was a sort of neutral day; the crises which
 happened on it being  neither favourable nor un-
 favourable.   Days were, also, divided into Inter'-
 calory,  on which the crises  happened less fre-
 quently, and  were  less  complete  than  on the
 critical or indicatory ;—and into vacant and non-
 decretory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred.
 According to this  division, they were enumerated
 as follows:

 Critical daya.......7th, 14th,  20th,  27th, 34th,
                      40th, 60th,  Ac.
 Indicatory days.....4th, 11th, 17th, 24th, Ac.
 Intercalary days.. . .3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, Ae.
 Non-decretory days.. 2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, Ac.
   Fortunate  crises were considered  to be indi-
 cated  by favourable signs appearing three  days
 before.
   CRITICAL PERIOD, see Menses.
   CROCHET. Crotchet.
   CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia.
   CROCIDIX1S, Carphologia.
   CRO'CINUM,  from  xpoxos, 'saffron.'  Made
with saffron ; coloured with saffron.
   CROCO'DES, from xpoxos,  'saffron,' and tilos,
 'resemblance.'  Certain troches into which saf-
fron entered as nn ingredient.—Paulus of iEgina
   CROCODI'LEA,  Stercus Laeer'ta.  The  ex-
crements of  the  crocodile, which  the Arabists
extolled as a remedy for cutaneous  diseases, aud
 which was long used as  a cosmetic.
   CROCODILIUM, Echinops.
   CROCOMAG'MA,  from xpoxos, 'saffron,' and
 uaypa, 'a kneaded or squeezed mass.'  A  kind 
CROCUS
254
CROWN
of troch, composed of saffron and spices.—Galen,
Dioscorides, Paulus of .<Egina, Scribonius Largus.
  CROCUS, C. sativus seu officina'lia seu Aua-
triacua, Medicina  Triatil'ia, Panace'a vegetab'-
ilia, Zaffran,  An'ima Pulmo'num, C.  Oricnta'lia,
Jovia fios,  Saffron,  (F.) Safran.   Order, Iridea?.
The  stigmata are  the  parts  used in medicine.
They are brought from the East.   The odour is
aromatic, and the  taste aromatic,  pungent, and
bitter:—the colour deep orange red.  Its virtues
are  yielded to alcohol, wine, vinegar and water.
Its operation  has been  considered stimulant, ex-
hilarating and diaphoretic.  It is not  much used.
  Cake Saffron is  sometimes met with.   It con-
sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold,
made into a cake with oil, and pressed.
  Crocus,  Colcothar — c.  Antimonii,  Oxydum
stibii  sulphuratum — c. Austriacus, Crocus — c.
Germanicus,  Carthamus tinctorius — c Indicus,
Curcuma longa—c. Martis adstringens, Colcothar
—c Martis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas—c. Mar-
tis vitriolatus, Colcothar—c Metallorum, Oxydum
stibii sulphuratum—c Officinalis, Crocus—c. Ori-
entalis, Crocus — c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc-
torius—c  Sativus,  Crocus.
  CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia.
  CROISE,  (F.)  Crossed.  An epithet given to
paralysis, when it  attacks  the arm of one side
and the leg of another.
  CROISSANCE, Growth.
  CROISSANCES, AVaxing kernels.
  CROISSANTS,  AVaxing kernels.
  CROIX DE MALTE,  Sple'nium  Crucia'tum,
Maltese Cross, Gross  of Malta.   A compress,
having the form  of the Maltese cross.  It is
made of a piece of square linen, folded  in four,
and divided with  scissors from each angle  to a
small distance from the  centre.  It is used espe-
cially after amputation of the fingers, penis, and
limbs.
  When the compress is cut in two of its angles
only, it is  called the Half Maltese Cross,—Derni-
er oix de Malte.
  CROMMYON, Allium cepa.
  CROMMYOXYREG'MIA, from xpoppvov, 'an
onion,' ofu?,  ' acid,' and pnyvvpi,  ' to break  out.'
Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell similar
to that of onions.
  CROP ALE, Nerium antidysentericum.
  CROPSIA,  Chromopsia.
  CROSS,  MALTESE,  Croix de Malte.
  CROSSE DE L'AORTE, Arch of the  aorta.
  CROSSES PALM AIRES, Palmar arches.
  CROSSWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi-
machia quadrifolia.
  CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus.
  CROT'ALUS  HOR'RIDUS,   Crotaloph'orus.
The Rattlesnake,  Cobra di Capello, (F.) Crotale.
A venomous reptile of North America. Its poison
is virulent.  It is so called from the rattle in its
tail, (xporaXov, 'a rattle,' 'a small bell.')
  CROT'APHE,  Crota'phium,  from xporatpos,
'temple.'   Cephalalgia Pulsat'ilis,  Cephala'a
Pulsat'ilis, Sjihygmoceph'alus. A pulsatory pain,
chiefly in the  temples, with drumming in the ears.
  CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,   Temporal  ar-

  CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle.
  CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe.
  CROTAPHUS, Temple, Temporal bone.
  CROTCHET, Hamus.  A small hook or crook.
(F.) Crochet.  An obstetrical instrument, whose
name indicates its shape, and which is used in  the
extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necessary
to destroy it to expedite delivery.  Crotchets are
differently formed;  some are sharp, others blunt;
lome contained in a sheath, others naked.
  CROTON  BENZOE, Benjamin.
  Croton Cascaril'la, Cortex Elmthc'ria, Cro-
ton  Eleuthc'ria SCU Elute'ria, Clu'tia Elute'ria,
Thus Jndao'rum, Chacarilla> cortex, Cascaril'la,
Eleute'ria, Gaacaril'la.  Order,  Euphorbiaee:e.
Sex. Syat.  Monoeeia Monailelphia.   (F.)  Quin-
quina aromatique,  Cascarille.  The bark of Cro-
ton  Caacarilla of the Bahamas,  Cortex Thuris,
has a slightly aromatic odour, and bitterish, an.
matic taste.  The smoke has the odour of musk.
The active parts are an essential  oil and bitter
extractive.  They are completely  extracted by
proof spirit.  It is tonic and stomachic.  Dose,
gr.  xv to 3SS °r more, in powder.
  Croton Eleutheria, Croton cascarilla—e. Ja-
malyota, C. tiglium—c. Lacciferum, see  Lacca—
c. Oil, Croton tiglium.
  Croton Racemo'sum, Becnel.  A  small  Mala-
bar tree, whose  aromatic  root, boiled in oil of
sesame,  is employed, by the orientals, as a lini-
ment in headaeh and rheumatism.
  Croton Tig'lium, c. Jamalyo'ta, Cadel-Avanacv.
A  Ceylonese plant, every part of which is en-
dowed with medicinal power. The root is a dras-
tic  cathartic:  the  wood, Lignum Puvclna, Pa-
vana wood, and the seed, have like virtues.  Tho
seeds have been  long  known under the names,
Grana Moluc'ca, Tilii Grana, and  Grana Tig'lii.
seu  Tig'lia.  From  these seeds the Croton Oil,
O'leum  Tig'lii, is expressed.  It is of a pale,
brownish-yellow  colour, and hot,  biting  taste;
and is a most  powerful drastic cathartic.  Doso,
from half a drop to three drops,  made into pills
with crumb of bread.   It is also applied exter-
nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed
on the part; or one part of the oil and three parts
of olive  oil may be added together, and a little of
this be rubbed on.
  CROTO'NE, xporww. A fungus, which grows
on trees, and is produced by an insect, from xpormv,
'a  tick.'   By extension,  applied to a  fungous
tumour  developed on the periosteum.
  CROUP, Cynanche  trachealis — c Bronchial,
Polypus bronchialis—c. Cerebral, Asthma thymi-
cum—c. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo-pedal spasm—
c Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c Faux, Asth-
ma thymicum, see Cynanche trachealis.
  Croup, Hyster'ic.  A spasmodic  affection of
the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent in
hysterical females, — the paroxysm consisting in
a long  protracted, loud and convulsive cough,
followed at times by  crowing respiration, and
by  dyspnoea  so great as to threaten suffocation.
The treatment is that advised for hysteria.
  Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymicum — c. Pseu-
do-ncrvcux, Asthma thymicum — c. Spasmodic,
see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanche trachealis
— c Spurious, Asthma thymicum.
  CROUPE, see Croupion.
  CROUPION (F.) Uropyg'ium,  Orus, Orrliot,
the Rump. The  region of the coccyx.  The Crup-
per, (F.)  Croupe.
  CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN-
FANTS, Asthma thymicum.
  CROUTE, Crusta—c. De loit, Porrigo larvalis
—c. Laiteuse, Porrigo larvalis.
   CROJJTEUN,  Cmstace.
  CROAVFOOT, Geranium maculatum—c. Brist-
ly,   Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus — c.  Bulbous-
rooted,  Ranunculus bulbosus—c. Marsh, Ranun-
culus sceleratus—c Meadow, Ranunculus acris—
c. Small-flowered, Ranunculus abortivus—c. Wa-
ter, smaller, Ranunculus flammula.
   CROAVN, Coro'na, Steph'ane.  In anatomy, this
name is given to parts of a  circular form, which
surmount other portions of the same body.  Thus,
the Crown of a Tooth, Coro'na Dentis, (F.) Con-
ronne du Dent, is the portion of the tooth which
projects above the gum. 
>55                  CRURAL
        CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS      2

  Crown  of the  Glans,  Coro'na  seu Tor'ulus
glandis, (F.) Couronne  du gland, is the round,
almost  circular, ring, which  circumscribes the
base of the glans.
  Crown  of the  Trepan,  Modiolus, (F.) Cou-
ronne du Trepan, is a species of saw, in form of
a crown,  or  rather of a portion of a cylinder,
having grooves on its external surface, and teeth
at its lower extremity; the other being fitted to
the handle of the trepan.
  Crown of  A'enus, Coro'na Ven'eris, Gutta- Ro-
sa'cea Syphilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de  Venus.  Red,
rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face; but par-
ticularly on the forehead and temples, owing to
constitutional syphilis.
  CROAVSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid
process.
  CRU'CIAL, from crux, crucis, 'a  cross.'  Cru-
cia'lis, Cnicia'tus.   Having the shape of a cross.
Appertaining to a cross.
  Crucial Bandage, T Bandage.
  Crucial Incis'ion,  Indsu'ra crucia'lis, (F.)
Incision cruciate.  An incision made in the form
of a cross.  Often employed for exposing the cra-
nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan.
  Chucial Ligament of the Atlas,  Annular
ligament of the Atlas.
  Crucial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments  croiaea,
L.  cruciformea.  Two  strong ligaments within
the  knee-joint.  The anterior  passes  obliquely
from a depression anterior to  the  spine of the
tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter-
nal condyle of the femur: — the other, the poste-
rior, extends from  the posterior part of the  spine
of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of the
internal condyle.
  CRUCIA'TI  DOLO'RES, Excruciating pains.
  CRU'CIBLE, from crux, crude,  'across:' so
called—it has been supposed — from being  made
in the shape of a cross, or from having  a  cross
impressed upon it: Crucib'ulum, Cotlnua fuso'-
rius, Tigil'lum,  Albot, Cemente'rium,  (F.) Creuset.
A vessel of earth, silver, platinum, gold, black-
lead, Ac, for receiving substances, which have to
be  exposed to  a strong heat.  It is sometimes
covered with a  top or lid.   (F.) Couvcrcle.
  CRU'CIFORM, from crux, cruris,' a cross,' and
forma,  'rhape;' Cruciform'is, Croaa-ahapcd.  A
name given to the  ligaments which  close  the ar-
ticulations of the phalanges; and likewise to the
crucial ligaments.
  CRUDE, Crudus, Omits :  Raw, unripe, not con-
cocted.
  CRUDITAS  MORBI, see Crudity —c. Ventri-
culi, see Crudity.
  CRU'DITY,  Cru'ditas, Om'otes, Status Crudi-
ta'tis, from crudus, 'crude,' 'unprepared,' Incoctus.
Rawness, Crudeness.   This has received several
acceptations.  1. It expresses the quality of cer-
tain aliments, which  have not experienced the
neiion of fire. 2. The condition of matters in the
digestive tube, which have not undergone the di-
gestive changes,—cru'ditaa ventric'uli; and, 3. In
the language of the Humorists, it means the con-
dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual,
cru'ditaa morbi, when it has not yet been pre-
pared or concocted by the action of the organs,—
Azym'ia humo'rum.
  The word is used in  tho plural, Crn'ditiea, syno-
nymously with crude matters.  (F.) Matilres crues.
It is applied to  those, when contained in the sto-
mach and  intestines.
  CRUELS.  Scrofula.
  CRUENTA EXSPUITIO, Hemoptysis.
  CRUES (Vati'lrcs,) see Crudity.
  CRUME'NA   A'ESI'CE.   The cavity of the
urinary bladder.
  CRUOR.   Tho  signification of this  word is
very vague. It has been used t-o designate blood
in general, venous blood, extravasated or coagu-
lated blood, and the colouring matter.
  Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood.
  CRUORIN, Haematin.
  CRUPPER, Croupion—c Bone, Coccyx.
  CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
  CRURA.  The plural of Cms, 'a  leg.  (F.)
Cuisse.  Applied to some parts of the body, from
their resemblance  to legs or roots;  as  the Crura
cerebri, Crura cerebelli, Ac.
  Crura Anteriora Medulla Oblongata, Pe-
duncles of the brain — c. Cerebelli  ad Corpora
Quadrigemina, see Peduncles of the cerebellum—
c Cerebelli ad Pontem, see Peduncles of the cere-
bellum— c. Clitoridis interna, Bulbus vestibuli—
c. Medulla? oblongata?, Corpora restiformia, Tha-
lami nervorum  opticorum, see Peduncles of the
cerebellum — c.  Posteriora  medulla? oblongata?,
Peduncles of the cerebellum.
  CRUR.EUS, Cruralis.
  CRURAL, Crura'Us, from cms, 'the thigh, and
lower limb.' AVhat belongs to the thigh or lower
limb.
  Crural  Arch, In'guinal Arch, Fern'oral Arch,
(F.) Arcade crurale, A. inguinale  (Ch.), Pou-
part's Lig'ament,  L. of Fallo'pius.  This arch is
formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge
of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus-
ele, which is attached,  at one  end, to the  pubis;
at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous
process  of the ilium.  At its posterior and inner
part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends off
a falciform reflection, which is attached along the
crest of the pubis, and is known under the name
of Gimbernat's Ligament.   Beneath this arch,
the vessels, nerves, and muscles make  their exit
from the pelvis to  the thigh.
  Crural Artery, Fem'oral Artery, (F.) Artere
crurale, A. Pelvi-crurale,—(Ch.,) is the continua-
tion of  the external iliac.  It extends from the
crural  arch to the aperture in the triceps, or to
the ham.  Chaussier  applies  the  name  Artere
crurale  to the trunk, which extends from the pri-
mitive or common  iliac to the  tibial arteries ;  em-
bracing, of course, the external iliac, femoral, and
popliteal.
  Crural  Canal, Crural Ring, Fem'oral canal
or ring. M. Jules Cloquet has  described this canal
with minuteness, and given it the name Annean
crural,  Anneau femoral.  It is nearl}' an inch
long, triangular,  more spacious above thlm below,
and shorter and  broader in the female than in the
male.  Its  upper  orifice is bounded, anteriorly,
by the crural arch; posteriorly, b}' the crista of
the pubis; on the  outer side by the  psoas  and
iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis,
and, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament.  This
orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and, accor-
ding to M. Cloquet, is closed by a more or  less
resisting septum,  which he has named  Septum
crurale, Crural septum.  In its course, the crural
canal has its anterior parietes formedby the super-
ficial expansion  of the fascia lata: the posterior
by the pectineus, covered by the deep-seated ex-
pansion of the fascia ;  and more externally by the
psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an expan-
sion of the fascia iliaca.  Its inferior orifice is
formed  by the foramen of the fascia lata, which
gives passage to  the vena saphaena.  It is at the
upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crural
Hernia, Hemic  inguinale of Chaussier, occurs:
which  would be more common, were it not for
the fibrous  cellular septum there situate.
  Crural  Nerve  proceeds  from  the lumbar
plexus,  and is  situate at the outer  side of the
psoas muscle and crural artery.   After  it  has 
CRURAL                 25
passed under  the crural arch, it  divides into
cutaneous and  muscular branches.   One of the
branches, which is larger than the rest, is called
the Sapha'na nerve.  It gives off filaments to the
integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the
leg, and to the  dorsal surface of the foot.  The
remainder of the branches of the crural are dis-
tributed  to the  anterior and inner part of the
thigh.  The Ac'cessory of the Crural A'erve is a term
given to the 4th and 5th  pairs of lumbar nerves.
  Crli:al Plexus of Chaussier is  the union of
the anterior branches of the last four pairs of
lumbar nerves, and the first four sacral; forming
the lumbar and sacral plexuses of  most anato-
mists.
  Crural  Ring, Crural canal—c.  Septum, see
Crural canal.
  Crural  ArEiN, Fem'oral Vein, has the same
arrangement as the artery.   It receives only one
great branch, the saphaena.
  CRURAL, Triceps cruris.
  CRURA'LIS, Crura'us.  A part of the Triceps
crural of the French, or of the Trifemororotulien
of Chaussier. The cruralis is situate at the ante-
rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh.  It arises,
fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres
firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris,
and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of
the patella, behind the rectus.  Its use is to assist
the vasti and rectus  in the extension of the leg.
Under Muscle Triceps Crural, the French describe
the cruralis and the two vasti.  Some small mus-
cular  slips, sometimes found under  the crura?us
muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament
of the knee-joint, have been  called Sub-crura'i.
  CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula.
  CRUS, Leg, Thigh.
  CRUST, Eschar.
  CRUSTA.  A crust or scab.  (F.)  Croute.  An
assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying
up of a fluid secreted by  the skin.
  The lining membrane of the stomach and in-
testines has been called Crusta villo'sa.
  Crusta Adamantina Dentium, Enamel of the
teeth.
  Crusta Genu Equi'NjE, Ilippogonyol'epus,
Sweat  or Knee  Scab,  Mock or  Encircled Hoof
Knees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night  Eyes, Horse
Crust.  This morbid secretion from the horse has
been advised in cases of epilepsy.  It is used in
the form of powder,  (gr. ij to gr.  xx;)  and of
tincture.
  Crusta Inflammatoria, Corium phlogisticum
— c. Lactea, Porrigo larvalis,  P. lupinosa — c.
Membranacea, Peristroma—c. Petrosa, see Tooth
c Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pleure-
tiea, Corium phlogisticum—c. Pruriginosa, Gutta
rosea—c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea—c ATermicu-
laris,  Peristroma—c. Villosa lingua?, see Tongue
—c Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach.
  CR USTA CE, (F.)  Alibert has substituted this
word,  in his  Nosology, for  crouteux, 'crusty.'
Having crusts or scabs;  as Dartre crustacee.
  CR-USTULA.   A small shell or  scab.  An
ecchymosis of the conjunctiva.
  CRUSTUMI'NATUM. A rob, prepared from
the Pyro Crustuml na or Crustumerlna, (so called
from Crustumiuum, a town in Italy, where they
grew,) boiled with  honey or  in rain-water.—
Aetins.
  CRUX CERAT.   An  ancient appellation for
the bone in the heart of the  stag.  It was once
considered useful in  diseases of the heart.
  CRY,  Clamor, Boe, (F.) Cri.  The sound of
the unarticulated voice.  The native voice, which
the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man
of genius and hearing.  The cry of the new-born
child has been called Vagltus, (F.)  Vagissement.
6             CRYSTALLINE
AVe say, "A cry of joy, of pleasure,  of pain,"
Ac, according  to  the  expression which it may
convey to the hearer.
  CRA'MO'DES,  from xpvpos, 'cold.'  A conti.
nued fever, Febris crymo'des, in which  the inter-
nal parts feel  hot,  and the external cold;  and
which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam-
mation of the lungs.—Aetius, Gorraeus.
  CRYMODYN'IA, from xpvpos, 'cold,'  and olvvn,
• pain.'   Chronic rheumatism, and all its modifi.
cations.—Raumes.
  CRYMO'SIS, from  xpvpos, 'cold.'   Diseases
caused by the action of cold.—Baumes.
  CRYPSOR'CHIS, from xpvirrw,  'I  conceal,'
and op^tf,'a testicle.'   Cryptor'chis, Test icon'tins.
One in whom the testes have not descended into
the scrotum.  The state is called, Cryptorchidis'-
mus, Parorchid'ium.
  CRYPTA, from  xpvirros, ' concealed.' Follic'-
ulose gland, Lacu'na,  Follic'ulus,  (F.)  Crypte,
Folliculc.  A crypt or  follicle is a small, round-
ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the
skin or mucous membranes, and constantly pour-
ing the fluid which it secretes on their  surfaces.
  The  use of the  cryptal or follicular  secretion,
is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple
and moist, and  to preserve them from the action
of irritating bodies with which they have to come
in contact.
  The little rounded appearances at the ends of
the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the
kidney, are also called  Crypta.
  CRYPTiE SEBACEAE, Sebaceous glands.
  CRYPTE, Crypta.
  CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  xpvirros,  'con-
cealed,' and xetpaXn, 'head.'  A monster whose
head is  excessively small, and does not appear
externally.—G. St. Hilaire.
  CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum, Torula cere-
visia?.
  CRYPTODID'YMUS, Foetus infeetu. A mon-
strosity,  in which one  foetus  is found  contained
in another.
  CRYPT OG'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic, Crypto-
gam'icus ; from xpvirros,  'concealed,' and yapos,
' marriage.'  An epithet applied by botanists to
plants whose organs of fructification are  concealed
or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are those whose
sexual organs are not known.
  CRYPTOPY'IC, Cryptopy'icus, from  xpvirru,
'I conceal,' and vvov, 'pus.'  A state of disease,
kept up by an occult abscess.
  CRYPTOPYICUS, Cryptopyic.
  CRYPTORCHIDISMUS, see Crypsorchis.
  CRYPTORCUIS, Crypsorchis.
  CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN, see  Intestine
—c. Synovial, Bursa? mucosa?.
  CRYSTAL,  MINERAL, Potassa? nitras fusus
sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
  CRYSTAL'LI.  Vesicles filled with  a watery
fluid.  They are  also  called crystal'lina.  Pro-
bably the pemphigus of modern writers.
  Crystalli LuNjE, Argenti nitras.
  CRYSTALLIN, Crystalline.
  CRYSTAL'LINA, from xpvaraXXos,  'crystal.'
A vesicle or phlyctaena, filled  with serum,  and
appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the
anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure-
ola.  It  may be syphilitic or not.   See Crystalli.
  Crystallina Tunica, Arachnoid membrane.
  CRYSTALLINE, Crystallinua.  Having the
appearance of crystal.
  Crys'talline,  Crya'tolline humour, C. Lena,
Crya'tolline body, Cryatallinua, Lena crystal'lina,
Lena crystulloi'dea  vel Corpua  Crystallinum, C.
Discdi'des, C. CrystalloVdes,  C. Phaco'i'des,  Hu-
mor crystal Units, H. glacia'lis, Phace, Phacea,
Phacus,  Gemma Oculi,  (F.) Cristallin ou Crystal- 
CUCUMIS
        CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS

lin, Iluiiicur crystalline, Corps crystallin, Lentille
tryntalline.  A lenticular, transparent body, situ-
ate between the vitreous and  aqueous humours
of the eye, at the union of the anterior third with
the two posterior thirds of the organ.  It is com-
posed of a soft exterior substance; and an inte-
rior, forming a solid nucleus, in which a number
of elliptical  layers is perceptible.   It  is con-
tained in a capsule,  called Tu'nica  ara'nea  vel
crystallina, Cap'sula lentia, and receives, at its
posterior  surface, a small branch of the central
artery of  the retina, which  is always readily dis-
tinguishable  in  the fcetus, prior to  the seventh
month of utero-gestation.
   The use of the crystalline is to refract the rays
of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass :  for
which its lamina? or layers, increasing in refrac-
tive  power from the circumference to the centre,
admirably adapt it.
   CRYSTAL MNO-CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
   CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium.
   CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis.
   CRYSTALLOID, Cryatolloi'des, from xpvtrraX-
X05,  'crystal,'  and  eilos, 'form,' 'resemblance.'
Resembling crystal or the crystalline.   The cap-
sule or membrane of  the  crystalline.  Also,  the
crystalline itself.
   CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassae nitras
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
   CRYTIIE,  Hordeolum.
   CTE DON, Fibre.
   CTEIS, Pubes.
   CTES1PH0NTIS  MALAG'MA.   A plaster
employed and described by Celsus.
   CUBA, see Havana.
   CUBAL SINE Piper cubeba.
   CUBATIO, Decubitus.
   CUBEBA, Piper Cubeba.
   CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid.
   CUBIT, Ulna—c. Top of the, Olecranon.
   CU'BITAL, Cubita'lis, Ulnar,  Ulna'ris.  Con-
nected with or relating to  the cubitus, or to  the
inner and posterior part of the forearm.
   Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cubita'lis, A. ulna'-
ris,  arises from the humeral  a little  below  the
bend of the elbow; proceeds  along  the anterior
and  inner part of the forearm ; passes anterior to
the ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and goes
to form, in the palm of the hand, the  superficial
palmar arch.  Besides tho numerous muscular
branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends
posteriorly the common trunk of the interosseous
arteriea, and  internally, the two  cubital rccur-
rents, anterior and posterior,—articular branches,
which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with
the divisions of the  humeral artery.
   Cubital Muscles are two in number.   1. The
Oubita'lia ante'rior, C. intcr'nua, Flexor  carpi
ulna'ris, Ulna'ris inter'mis, Epitrochli-cubito-car-
pien,  Cubito-carpien — (Ch.),  is  a long muscle,
situate at the anterior  and  inner part of the fore-
arm.  It arises from the inner condyle of the os
humeri, at the inner side of the  olecranon, and
from the  posterior  edge of the ulna, and is  in-
serted by a tendon into the  os  pisiforme.  Its
use  is to bend  the  hand on the forearm, by di-
reeting it slightly inwards'.   2.  The Cubitalis
poste'rior seu exter'nua, Exten'sor Carpi ulna'ris,
Ulna'ris  exter'nua,  Cnbite'ua  exter'nus, Cubito-
sus-mStacarpien—(Ch.), is situate at the posterior
part of the forearm.  It arises from  the external
condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the
superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta-
carpus.  Its use is to extend the hand, inclining
it  a little inwards.
   Cubital Nerve,  Ulnar nerve, Cubito-digital—
(Ch.), is furnished by the last two or  three nerves
of the brachial plexus, and is  distributed to  the
         17
inner and anterior side of the forearm;  to  the
inner part of the  palm and  of the back  of  tho
hand, and to the last two or three fingers.
  Cubital Veins,  deep-seated, and the Recur-
rent  cubital veina,  accompany the corresponding
arteries.   The superficial cubital veins belong to
the basilic.  Chaussier calls them  cuta'neoua cu-
bital.
  CUBITALE (OS), Cuneiform bone.
  CUBITALIS  RIOLANI, see Anconeus.
  CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles.
  CUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles—c.
Cutane (nerf), Cutaneous  nerve — c. Phalanget-
tien  commun,  Flexor  profundus  perforans — c.
Radi-aua-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor longus
pollicis—c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus.
  CUBITO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS.   Belonging
to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal
surface of the hand.  Chaussier gives this name:
1. To a  small artery, which is given off  by  the
cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist.  2.  To
a vein, which accompanies this artery.
   CUBITO-SUS-METACARPIEN, see Cubital
muscles—c. Sua-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor
longus pollicis — c. Sua-Phalangettien de I'index,
Extensor proprius indicis — c. Sua-phalangettien
du pouce, E.  longus pollicis — c. Sus-phalangien
du pouce, E. pollicis brevis.
  CU'BITUS, xv0irov, Cy'biton.  The Elbow.
Also, one of the bones of the forearm.  See Ulna,
and  Forearm.
  Cubitus, (F.) Coudee, the  ancient name of a
measure  18 inches long.
  Cubitus Supinus, see Decubitus.
  CU'BOID,  Cuboi'des,  Cubo'i'deus, Cubo'des,
Cubifor'mis, Cybdi'dea, Cyrtoi'des, Grondino'siim
Os,  Tes'sara, Tessera os, Os va'rium, from xvfios,
'a cube,'  and etlos, 'form.'  Having the form of
a cube.   This name was given, by Galen,  to one
of the bones of  the tarsus, and is still retained.
It is situate at the anterior and outer part of  the
tarsus; and is articulated, behind, with the cal-
caneum ;  before,  with the  last two  metatarsal
bones, and within, with the third  os  cuneiforme,
and  sometimes with the scaphoides.  Its inferior'
surface has an oblique groove for  the  tendon of
the peroneus longus.
  CUCKOO FLOAVER, Cardamine pratensis.
  CUCKOAV BREAD, Oxalis acetosella.
  CUCKOAV PINT, Arum maculatum.
  CUCU'BALUS  BEHEN,  Behen  officina'rum
seu vulga'ris, Sile'ne infia'ta  seu crassifo'lia  seu
Tho'rei, Viaea'go  behen.  This plant was once-
considered alexipharmic and cordial.  It is  the*
Spoiling Poppy.
  CUCULLARIS, Trapezius.
  CUCULATUM  MAJUS.  A barbarous term,
used by Ruland, for brandy and spirit of wine.
  CUCULLATA,  Sanicula.
  CUCULLUS,  Couvrechef,  Cucupha,  InfundU
bulum of the cochlea.
  CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis.
  CUCUMBER,   Cucumis sativus—c.  Indian^
Medeola A'irginica—c Squirting or wild, Momor-
dica elateriuni—c Star, one-seeded, Sycios angu-
latus—c Tree, Magnolia acuminata.
  CUCUMER, Cucumis sativus.
  CUCUMIS, Penis — c.  Agrestis, Momordica
elaterium.
  Cu'cumis Colocyn'this, Citrullua Colocynthia.
Officinal names of the Colocynth or Bitter Apiple,
Colocyn'thia,  Coloquinlida,  Allian'dal (Arab.),
Bitter Gourd, Bitter  Cucumber, (F.)  Coloqninte.
Family,  Cucurbitaccae.   Sex.  Si^t.  Moncecia
Monadelphia.    A  Turkey and  Cape  of  Good
Hope plant.  The spongy part or medulla of  the
fruit, Colocyn'thidia Pulpa, Cucu'meris Colocyn'-
thidis Pulpa, has a bitter, nauseous, and acrinw^ 
CUCUPHA
258
CUMULUS
nious  taste,  and is a  strong cathartic, acting
chiefly on the upper part of the intestines.  It is
scarcely ever used, except in combination.
  Cucumis Melo.  The sytematic name of the
Melon  Plant, Melo, Common Melon, (F.) Melon.
The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not
very digestible,  unless  when  ripe.   The seeds
possess mucilaginous properties.
  Cucumis Sati'vus.  The systematic name of
the Cu'cumber plant, Cucumis, Angou'rion, Citre'-
olus,  Cu'cumer or  Gur'vvmer, from  its  curved
shape.  (F.)  Concombre  ordinaire.  The cucum-
ber is used, when young, as a pickle, when it is
called a Gherkin, (F.) Comichon.  It is not a fruit
easy of digestion.  The  seeds are mucilaginous.
  Cucumis Sylvestris, Momordica elaterium.
  CU'CUPHA, Cu'cullus, Plleus,  Sac'culus ce-
phalicus.  A sort of coif or cap, with  a double
bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of
aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient.
It was formerly used as  a powerful cephalic.
  CUCUR'BITA, d curvitate, owing to its shape.
A gourd.   See Cupping-glass.
  Cucurbita Anguria,  C. citrullus.
  Cuccr'bita Citrul'lus,  C. Angu'ria seu pin-
natif'ida.  The  systematic name of the  Water-
melon  plant; Citrul'lus, Angu'ria, Tetrangu'ria,
Sicilian Citrttl, Water-melon.  Family, Cucurbi-
tacea?; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia.  (F.)
Melon d'eau, Pastlque.   The juice of  the fruit is
very abundant, whence its name.  The  Water-
melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when
made cool, and is eaten like the common  melon.
It is very  much used in  the United States.
  Cucurbita Leucantha, C. lagenaria.
  Cuccr'bita Pepo, Pepo.  The systematic name
of the Common Pompion, Oucur'bita.  The seeds
of this plant,  as well as those of Cucur'bita lage-
nalria, Bottle-gourd, contain a large  proportion
of oil,  capable of forming  emulsions; but they
are not used.
  Both the fruit of  Cucur'bita Lagena'ria, C.
leuean'tha, Pepo  lagena'rius, (F.) Calebasses, and
that of Cucur'bita Pepo,  Pepo vulga'ris,  (F.)
Potiron, Courge, are eaten.
  Cucurbita Pinnatifida,  C. citrullus.
  CUCURDITAIN, Cucurbitinus.
  CUCURBITATIO, Cupping.
  CUCURBITE, see Alembic
  CUCURBITI'NUS,  (F.)  Cucurbitain.  This
name was  formerly given  to the Tania  solium,
because composed of rings which resemble  the
seeds of  the  gourd, — cucurbita.  The  ancients
believed, that the rings, which  are  sometimes
discharged, were so many separate worms.   See
Taenia.
  CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass.
  Cucurbitul^e Cruent^e, Cupping with the sca-
rificator—c cum Ferro,  Cupping with the scari-
ficator—c Sicca?, Cupping,  dry.
  CUDWEED, Gnaphalium margaritaceum.
  CUILLEREE, Cochleare.
  CUIR, Corium.
  CUISSART.  A wooden leg.  See Cornu am-
monis.
  CUISSE, Thigh, Cms — c. Posterieure  du cer-
velet, Corpus restiforme.
  OUISSON, (F.)  A smarting, burning  pain.
  GUIVRE,  Cuprum — c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum
ammoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque sulfate de, Cu-
prum ammoniatum—c. Limailles de, see Cuprum
—c. Sous-acetate de, Cupri subacetas—c. Sulfate
de,  Cupri sulphas.
  CUIVREUX,  (F.) Copper-coloured, (F.) Teint
cuivreux.   A  copper-coloured complexion, such
as is  observed in cancerous affections.   Syphi-
litic ulcers of the throat, Ac, are often copper-
coloured.
  CUJETE, Crescentia cujete.
  CULBIC'IO.  A  Latin word,  employed  by
old writers as synonymous with ardor urinu? and
gonorrhoea.
  CULBUTE,  (F.) 'A tumble head-over-heels.'
A movement which the foetus has been supposed
to execute  at the end of the 7th month of utero-
gestation;  and  by means  of which,  it was pre-
sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of
the uterus; a  change  of situation, which is im-
practicable in ordinary circumstances.
  CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle.
  CULEON, Anus.
  CU'LEUS.  A measure containing 20 barrels,
or 40 urns, equal to  180  gallons. — Pliny, Gor-
raeus.
  CULEX, (F.) Cousin.  A genus of insects, un-
happily too well known in almost every part of
the world,  on account of  their bites, which give
rise to painful, local  inflammation.   The gnats
and musqiiitoes belong to this genus.
  CULI  FLOS, Cardamine pratensis.
  CULILAAVAN, see  Laurus culilawan.
  CU'LINARY' ART, from culina, ' a kitchen.'
Cookery, Res c.ulina'ria, Res coqua'ria, Ars eul.i-
na'ria, A.  coquina'ria, Magei'rice.   The art  of
preparing meats for the table.  In judging of the
dietetic properties of various kinds  of aliment,
the culinary process  to which they have  been
subjected  will  always have to be  considered.
Many of the writers  on  the culinary art have
been physicians.
  CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
  CULMINATIO, Acme.
  CULTELLAIRE, (F.) from cultellus, a'little
knife.'   Le cautere cultellaire, known also under
the  name Couteau de feu, Fire-knife, is used for
what the French term the  Cautere transcurrente.
(See Cauterization.)   It is shaped like a small
hatchet.
  CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife—c.Anceps, Knife,
double-edged—c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet.
  CULTER, Cultellus, from colo, cultum, 'I cul-
tivate.'  A coulter, a  knife, scalpel,  macha'ra,
macha'rion, macha'ria.  Also,  the  third lobe of
the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance.
—Theophilus Protospatarius.
  Culter Curvus, Knife, crooked—c Falcatus,
Knife, crooked—c. Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular
—c.  Rectus, Knife, amputation — c  Tonsorius,
Razor.
  CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'orua, from culter,
' a knife,' and vorare,  ' to  devour.'  Individuals,
who have  seemed  to swallow knives with impu-
nity, have been so  called ;—Knife-eatera.
  CULUS, Anus.
  CULVERT ROOT, Leptandria purpurea.
  CUMAMUS,  Piper cubeba.
  CUMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum — c. dea Prla,
Carum.
  CUMI'NUM  CYMI'NUM.   The  systematic
name of the Cummin plant, Cuminum niinu'tum
seu Roma'num, Cyminum, Cuminum, Carnaba'-
dium. Family,  Umbellifera?.  Sex. Syst. Pentan-
dria Digynia. (F.) Cumin, Anis aigre. The seeds
of cummin, which is a native  of Egypt, have a
warm, bitterish, disagreeble taste. AVater extracts
their odour, and spirit takes up both odour and
taste.  They are not  used,  except in a plaster,
which bears their  name.   AVhen drunk in wine,
the  ancients believed  they  produced paleness;
hence, Horace called cummin exaangue; and Ju-
venal, pattern.—Dioscorides, Pliny.
  Cuminum Minutum, C. cyminum — c. Nigrum,
Nigella—c. Pratense, Carum — c. Romanum, C.
cyminum.
» CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum.
  CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pile.' A rounded pro- 
                  CUNEALIS

minence, in the centre of the prollgerous disk, in
which there is a small opake cavity that contains
the ovum.   See  Tache emhryonnaire.
  Cumulus,  Germinal, J ache embryonnaire—c.
Genniuativus, Tache  embryonnaire — c. Prolige-
ru-, Tache embryonnaire.
  UUNEA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  The suture formed
between the great and little ala? of the sphenoid
bone and the os frontis.—Blasius.
   ('I XEEX (F.), Ounea'nus.  Relating to the
cuneiform  bones.
  Articulations Cuneennes ;— the joints between
the  cuneiform bones, as  well  as  between them
and other.parts.
  Ligaments Cuneennes; — the ligaments which
hold the cuneiform bones together.
  CU'NEIFORM,   Cuneifor'mis, Spheno'i'des,
from cuneus, ' a  wedge,'  and forma,  ' shape.'
 Wedgc-ahaped.   This name has  been given to
several  bones.   1. To the  sphenoid.   2. To a
bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunare
and os  orbiculare.  It is, also, called  Os Pyrami-
da'le,  Oa Triq'uetrum, and Oa Cubita'le.  3.  To
the  basilary process  of the occipital  bone : and,
4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are
distinguished, according to  eituation, reckoning
from within outwards, into first, second, and third,
—or internal, middle, and external: and accord-
ing  to  aize,  reckoning in the same  order, into
great, small,  and middle-aized.   The posterior
surface of these  bones is united to the anterior
face of  the scaphoides ; the anterior surface with
the corresponding metatarsal bones;  and, in ad-
dition, the external surface of the third is articu-
lated, behind, with the cuboides.  They are also
called Chalco'idea or  Chalco'idea oaaic'ula.
  Cuneiform Cartilages of  the Larynx are
two small cylinders of fibro-cartilage, about seven
lines in length,  and enlarged at each  extremity.
By  the  base, the  cartilage is  attached to  the
middle  of the external surface of the  arytenoid;
and its upper extremity forms a prominence on
the  border of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold of
membrane.   They are sometimes wanting.
  CU'NEO-CU'BOID, Cuneo-cubdideus.  Belong-
ing to the cuneiform bones and cuboides.
  Cuneo-Cuboid Articula'tion is formed by the
third cuneiform  bone and  cuboides.   It is fur-
nished with  a synovial capsule,  and two cuneo-
cuboid liqainents: —a dorsal and a,plantar.
  CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-scaphdi'des.  Be-
longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid.
  Cuneo-Scaphoid Articula'tion is formed  by
the posterior surfaces of the  three ossa cuneifor-
mia, and the anterior surface of the scaphoid.  It
is furnished with a  synovial capsule and liga-
ments, some of which are dorsal,  others plantar.
  CUNILA, Satureia capitata—c. Bubula, Ori-
ganum.
  Chsi'la Maria'na, Satureia organo'i'des,  Ca-
lamin'tha ertc'ta  Virginia'na, Ditt'any, American
Dit'tany, Mountain Dittany,  Mint-leared Cunila,
Maryland  Cunila, Stonemint, Wild Basil, Sweet
Horeemint, (F.) Cunile d'Amerique,  A small in-
digenous herb, growing on dry, shady hills, from
Now England to  Georgia, and flowering in June
and July.  Its medical properties are dependent
upon essential oil, like the mints.
  Cunila. Maryland, Cunila mariana—c. Mint-
leaved,  C. mariana—c. Muscula, Inula dysente-
riea — c Pulegioides,  Hedeoma pulegioides — c.
Sativa,  Satureia hortensis.
  CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica.
  CUXILE  D'AMERIQUE, Cunila  mariana,
  CUNNUS, Vulva.
  CUP, Scutcl'la, Catil'lus,  Patella,  Excip'ula,
(F.) Palette, Poeiette, Poilette, Vase  d  saigner.
9                  CUPRI

 A small vessel of a determinate size, for receiving
 the blood during venesection.   It generally eon-
 tains about four ounces.   A bleeding of two cups
 is, consequently, one of eight ounces.
   CUPIDITAS, A'oluntas—c. Desedendi, Vo-
 luntas desedendi.
   CUPIDO,  Appetite.  Also, Cupid,  the  god of
 love, in ancient mythology;—Deus copulotio'nis.
   CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea.
   CUPPED, see Corium phlogisticum.
   CUPPING, Catacasm'us, from (F.) cottper, 'to
 cut;' or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups;
 Applica'tio cucurbita'rum  seu  cucurbitula'rum,
 Cucurbita'tio.  A  species of blood-letting, per-
 formed by a scarificator, and glass, called a cup-
 ping-glass, Cucurbit'ula, Cucurb'ita, Sic'ua, (F.)
 Ventouse.  The lancets are placed in such a man-
 ner  in the scarificator, that, when it is applied
 upon the affected  part, the whole are, by means
 of a spring, pushed suddenly into it.   After sca-
 rification, the cupping-glass, which has been pre-
 viously exhausted by heat, or by an  exhausting
 syringe, is applied.   The  pressure  of  the air
 within the glass being thus diminished, the ne-
 cessary quantity of blood may be drawn.  See
 Bdellometer.  Dry cupping, Cucurbit'ula  sicca,
 is the application of the glasses, without previous
 scarification.  (F.) Ventousea slchea.  It is used
 to prevent the  activity of absorption from any
 wounded part;  occasionally, to  excite suppura-
 tion  in indolent abscesses; and to remove the
 pus  when an abscess is opened.   Cupping, taken
 without  any epithet, means the  abstraction  of
 blood by means of the scarificator and  cups:—
 (F.)  Ventouaea  acarifieea, (L.) Cucurbitula cru-
 enta, C.  cum Ferro.  The verb 'to cup,' signifies
 to draw blood by cupping.
   CUP-PLANT, Silphium perforatum.
   CUPRESSUS, C. sempervirens—c. Arbor vita?,
 Thuya occidentalis.
   Cupress'us  Sempervi'rf.ns, C. pyramida'lis.
 The systematic  name of the Cupres'sus, Cyjiaris'-
 sus,  Cypress, (F.) Cypres.  The  berries,  leaves,
 and wood, have been considered astringent and
 useful in intermittents. The whole plant abounds
 with a bitter, aromatic, and terebinthinate fluid.
   CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS, Cuprum am-
 moniatum—c et Ammonia? sulphas, Cuprum am-
 moniatum—c. Diacetas, C. subacetas.
   Cupri  Limatu'ra,  Filings  of Copper,  (F.)
 Limailles de Cuivre,  have been  used in  hydro-
 phobia.  It has been remarked under Cuprum,
 that they are inert,
   Cupri Rubigo,  Cupri subacetas.
   Cupri Subace'tas, C.Diace'tas, JCru'go, Ver'-
 digria, Hispan'icum  vir'ide,  Praai'num  viride,
 Cupri Rubigo,  Crystals of Venus, Vir'ide -E'ris.
 AEru'ca, Cal'cithos, Subac"etate of Copper, (F.)
 Sous-acetate  de  Cuivre, Vert-de-gria, Cryataux de
 Venita,  Verdet.   Impure subacetate  of copper.
 This, as  usually met with, is in masses,  difficult
 to break; not deliquescent; foliaceous ; of a fine
 bluish-green colour, and  salt taste.  It is  tonic
 emetic, escharotic, and detergent; but scarcely
 ever employed internally.  Chiefly used in de-
 tergent  ointments.   Dose, as  a  tonic,  under
 £ gr. r* emetic,  from  gr. j to gr. ij.   Powdered
 verdigris appears to  be the active ingredient in
 Smclliunc's Eye-salve, which may be imitated by
 rubbing half a drachm of finely powdered  verdi-
 gris with a little oij, and then mixing it with an
 ounce of yellow basilicon.
   An ointment  composed  of one drachm of finely
 powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper-
 maceti Tiintment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, Ac.
   Cupri  Sulphas,  Vitdolum  Cupri, Vitdolum
 Ven'eris, V.  Cyp'rium,  V. Cyp'rinun, V. Caru'-
2J 
                 •  CUPRUM                 2

lenm, V. Roma'num, Cuprum Vitriola'tum, Lapis
Caru'leus, Sulphate of  Copper, Blue Stone, Blue
 Vitriol, Roman Vitriol,  Mortooth, (F.) Sulfate de
Cuivre, is in rhomboidal, rich, blue, semi-trans-
parent, efflorescing  crystals.  The taste is harsh,
styptic, and corrosive.   It is soluble in four parts
of water at  60°, and is  tonic, emetic, astringent,
and escharotic.   As a tonic, it has been used in
epilepsy, intermittents, Ac  Dose, as a tonic, gr.
i to gr. ij, in pill;  as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in
water.  A very weak solution is sometimes used
in  ophthalmia  and in  gleet; and it forms  the
basis of Bates's Aqua camphora'ta, which  has
been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of
water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children.
   Cupri Sulphas  Ammoniacalis,  Cuprum am-
moniatum—c Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas.
   CUPRUM, Chalcos, .Es,  Venue of the Alchy-
mists: Copper, Cyp'rium, Vir'ide monta'nnm, (F.)
Cuivre.  Its odour is peculiar and sensible when
rubbed ; taste disagreeable and metallic ; colour
red-yellow.  S. g. 7.87;  ductile; very malleable;
less hard than iron; easily oxidized.  In its me-
tallic state,  it exerts no action  on the system.
AVhen swallowed, it  undergoes  no deleterious
change.  Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is
in the mixture, and hence the utility of tinning
copper vessels.  Copper culinary vessels are harm-
less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub-
stances be  not suffered to  remain in  them  till
cold.  The salts of copper are very deleterious.
   Cuprum   Ammonia'tum,  C. Ammoniaca'le,  C.
Ammoni'aeum, C. ammoni'aco-sulphilricum., Am-
monia'ted Copper, Ammoniacal Sulphate of Cop-
per, Amnioniure'turn Cupri,  Sal anti-epilep'ticua
of  AVkissman,  Sulfaa   Cupri ammoniaeo'lia,  S.
ommonlaca cupra'tua, Sub-aulfaa Ammo'nio-cu'-
pricus, Sulfaa Cupri et  Ammo'nia, Deuto-Sulfaa
Cupri   et Ammo'nia, Cupri Ammo'nio-aulphaa,
Ammo'nia Cupro-snlphas, Ammo'nio-sulphate of
Copper, (F.) Sulfate de  cuivre et  d'ammoniaque,
Cuivre ammoniacal.  (Cupri Sulph. ^ss; Amnion.
Carb. gvj.   Rub  in a glass  mortar till efferves-
cence ceases.  Wrap the ammoniated copper in
bibulous paper,  and  dry  with a  gentle  heat.
Keep in a well-stopped  glass bottle.—Ph. U. S.)
A crystalline powder of a rich violet colour, and
hot, styptic taste. By exposure to air, it becomes
partly converted into carbonate of copper.  It is
tonic and astringent, and has been chiefly em-
ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic
diseases.  Dose, gr. £ gradually increased to gr.
iv, in pill.
  Cuprum Vitriolatum, Cupri sulphas.
  CU'PULAR, Cupula'ris, (F.) Cupulaire; from
cupula, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula.
  Cupular  Cau'tery,  Cautlre cupulaire, is an
iron in  the  shape of a cupula, formerly used to
cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis-
eases, as epilepsy, chronic headaeh, Ac.
  CURA, Cura'tio,  Merim'na, Merim'ne.   At-
tention to,  or treatment  or  cure, of, a  disease.
Keuchen defines  Cura,  'medicine,'and Curator,
' tho physician.'   Curatio, also, sometimes means
purification; as, Adeps suilla curata.—Scribonius
Largus.
   Cura  Avena'cea.  A  decoction of oats and
succory roots, in which  a little nitre and sugar
are dissolved.  Used as  a refrigerant.
  Cura Dervativa, Derivation—c. Fumigatoria,
Thymiateehny.
  Cura  Magna.  'Great  cure.'   A term  em-
ployed, at times, for a method of  treatment  pre-
ferable  to  all  others.  Thus ptyalism has, by
many, been considered the  "cura magna" for
syphilis.                          t
  Cura  Medeana, Transfusion — c. Palliativa,
10                  CURSUS

 see Palliative — c Radicalis, see Palliative — o.
 Revulsoria, see Derivation.
   CU'RABLE, Sanab'iiis,  Acea'toa, Aces'mius,
 Ids'imos, (F.) Guerissable. That which is suscep-
 tible of cure.  An epithet applied to both patients
 and diseases.
   CURARE, Wonrali, Woorara, Wourari, Woo-
 raru,  Wurali,  Urari,  Urali,  Ourary, Voorara.
 A very energetic vegetable poison, employed by
 the South American Indians to poison their ar-
 rows.   It is said to be obtained from the bark of
 a species of convolvulus, called  Vejuco de  Jiara-
 cure, but is referred by Marlins to Strychnos Gui-
 anen'sis, and by Dr. Schomburg to S. tpxica'na.
   CURA'TIO,  Mcde'la, Sana'tio,  A'cesis, Al-
 thex'is,  Althax'is,  Therapei'a,  Itisis, Curotion,
 The aggregate  of means employed  for the cure
 of  disease.  See Therapeutics.
   Curatio,  Cnra,  Cure — c.  Contrariorum per
 Contraria, Allopathy — c. Morbi per Inediani,
 Limotherapeia.
   CU'RATlVE, San'ative, Healing, Acesopho'rus,
 Acesino'sus.   Relating to the cure of a disease.
 Curative Indications are those which point out
 the treatment to be employed.  Curative  Treat-
 ment,  that employed in  the  cure of disease, in
 opposition to  preservative or prophylactic  treat-
 ment.  We say, also, Curative Process,  Curative
 Means, Ac.
   CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Infirmier.
   CURCULIO, Penis.
   CURCUMA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,   see Arrow-
 root—c Aromatica, Ka?mpferia rotunda.
   Cur'cuma  Longa,  Cur'cuma, Amo'mum  Cur'-
 cuma,  Bord, Bor'riberri, Cober'ri, (Hindoostan,)
 Crocus In'dieus, Terra Mer'itu,  Cannae'orus ni-
 di'ce  cro'ceo;  Family,  Amomea?;  Sex.   Syst.
 Monandria  Monogynia;  May el'la,   Kua Koliu,
 Cype'rus In'dieus, xvireipos lvlixos of Dioscorides
 (?), Turmeric, (F.) Racine de Safran, Safran,des
 hides, Souchet  des  Indes.  Turmeric root — the
 rhizoma of curcuma longa—is brought from the
 East Indies; but is possessed  of very little, if
 any, medicinal  efficacy.  It  is one of the ingre-
 dients in Curry  Powder.
   Curcuma Zedoaria, see Ka?mpferia rotunda—
 o. Zerumbet, see Kaempferia rotunda.
   CURD, ALUM,  Coagulum aluminosum.
   CURDS,  Curds  of Milk, (F.)  Caille,  Laii
 caille.   The coagulated part of milk.
   CURE; from euro, 'care.'  Aces'ia, A'cesis,
 Aees'mus, Cura'tio,  C. felix,  Sana'tio, San'itaa,
 (F.) Gueriaon.  A restoration to health; also, a
 remedy; a restorative.
   CURE-ALL,  Geum Virginianum, Oenothera
 biennis.
   CUPEDEXT, Dentiscalpium.
   CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure.
   CURE-LANGUE,  (F.) Lingua  scalpium,
 Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument of ivory, tor-
 toise-shell, Ac, shaped like  a knife  or rasp, for
 removing the mucous coating which covers the
 fongue after sleep,  Ac.
   CURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick.
   CURETTE,  Scoop.
   CURMI, Courmi.
   CURRANT,  BLACK, Ribes nigrum —c. Red,
 Ribes rubrum.
   CURRANTS, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
   CURRY  or CURRIE POAVDER.  A condi-
 ment, formed of various spices, and  eaten with
 rice, particularly in India.  The following is one
 of  the forms of its preparation : Sem. coriund.
 §xviii, pip. nigr. ^ij, cayen. ^j, rod. curcuma,
 sem. cumini,  aa  ;§i'j> sem. fcenuqr. "\\: mix.
   CURSUMA HEMORRHOID ALLS HERBA,
 Ranunculus ficaria. 
CURVAMEN               261              CUTANEOUS
  CUltSUS, Running—c. Matricis, Leueorrhcea
c. Menstruus, Menses.
  CIIR V A Al E N, Curvature.
  CUR VA TEUR DU COCCYX, Curvator Coc-
cygis.
  CURVATIO,  Campsis.
 ( CURVA'TOR  COCCY'GIS, (F.) Curvateur du
Coccyx.  Sominering gives this name to a small
bundle of  fleshy fibres, which  descends on the
middle of the coccyx, uniting on each  side with
the ischio-coccygei muscles.  It is a part of those
muscles.
  CUR'VATURE, Cnrvatu'ra, Curva'men, Flex-
u'ra, Gnamp'aia, from curt;i<», 'crooked;' Cyrto'-
nta, (F.) •Coitrbure.  Tho condition of a line or
surface, which approximates more or less to the
form of an arc; as the curvatures of the spine,
duodenum, stomach, Ac.  Accidental curvatures
of bones  are the effect of rickets, or  Mol/ities
ossium.  The (ireeks called the curvature of the
spine,  'vftos. axoXios, and Xoplos, according as the
deviation  was backwards, laterally, or forwards.
  CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis..
  CURVED  LINES, (F.) Courbes Lignea.  Two
crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur-
face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished
into euperior and inferior.  Some lines on the os
innominatum are also so called.
  CURVIMER, Cucumis sativus.
  CUSOO-CrNCIlONIA, Aricina.
  CUSCUTA, C. Europa?a.
  Cuscuta Chlorocarpa,  see C. Glomerata.
  Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor.  The system-
atic name of the Dodder of Thyme. Epith'ymum,
Epith'ymum Cuscu'ta seu Cre'ticum.  A parasiti-
cal  plant,  possessed of a  strong,  disagreeable
smell,  and  a pungent taste, very durable in the
mouth. It was once used as a cathartic in me-
lancholia.
  Cuscuta Europ^'a seu major seu vulga'ris seu
tetilxu'dra seu filiform'is,  Cuscu'ta, Epith'ymum
officina'rum, was  conceived to  possess  similar
properties.
  Cuscuta Filiformis, C. Enropaea.
  Cus'cuta Glomera'ta, and Cuscuta Chloro-
carpa, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous
plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and
anti-periodic
  Cuscuta Major,  C.  Europa?a—c Minor, C.
Epithymum—c  Tetrandra, C. Europa?a—c. A'ul-
garis, V. Europaca.
  CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuge—c Bark,
False,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnos
nux vomica.
  Ccspa'ria  Febrif'ugA, Bonplan'dia  trifo-
Tia'ta   sou angustu'ra,  Anguslu'ra, Galipa'a fe-
brifuga.  Order,  Rutacea?.  The South American
tree, which furnishes the Cuspa'ria or Angustura
Bark,  (F.) Angnsjure vraie. Quinquina faux de
Virginie.   According to Dr. Hancock, however,
the  Angustura  bark is derived from  Galipa'a
officinalis, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Aat.
Ord. Diosmea? ;  and this view has been  adopted
in the  Pharmacopoeia of the United States.  Its
odour  is peculiar;  taste intensely bitter and
slightly aromatic ; pieces thin ;  externally,  gray
and wrinkled; internally,  yellowish-fawn;  frac-
ture, short and resinous.  It yields its virtues to
water  and to proof spirit:  It is tonic, stimulant,
and aromatic. Dose, gr. v to xx or more, in powder.
  CUSPIS.   A spear.  This  name has  been
given  to the glans penis. — Rolfink.  It meant,
also, a kind of bandage.
  CUSTODIA VIRGINTTATIS, Hymen.
  GUSTOS. A'ulva.
  CUT, from  (F.) couteau, 'a  knife,'  or  from
West Gothic, kota, 'to  cut;' or from xoirrw,  T
cut,'  Casu'ra,  Tome,  Incis'io, Vulnns  simplex.
Tresis  vulnus simplex,  Cope, (F.) Cuupure.  A
common  expression for the division  or  solution
of continuity made by a sharp instrument.
  Cl'TAM'BULUS, from  cutis, 'skin,' and am-
bulo,' I walk.' ' AValking in the skin.' An epithet
given to certain parasitical animals, which creep
under the skin; such  as the Guinea-worm; and
to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh,
as it were.
  CUTANEAL, Cutaneous.
  CUTAXEO-SOURCILIER,  Corrugator  su-
percilii.
  CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal,  Cuta'neus, (F.) Cu-
tane, from cutis, 'the skin.'  Belonging to the skin.
  Cutaneous  Diseases,  Eruptions, Epiphy'-
mata, are the  numerous affections of a morbid
character to which the skin is liable, — Dermato-
pathla, Dcrmato'sea.
  Chronic cutaneous diseases may be thus classified:
                      f Urticaria.
    1. Exanthematous <  Roseola.
                      [ Erythema.
                      f Pemphigus.

    2. Vesicular...... -! Tr
                        Herpes.
                      [ Eczema.
                      |" Impetigo.
    3. Pustular......J.  Ecthyma.
                      { Scabies. (?)
                      f Lichen.
    4. Papular.......i  Strophulus.
                      ( Prurigo.
                      ( Lepra,
    5. Squamous.....I  Psoriasis.
                      ( Pityriasis.
                        IAcne.
                        Sycosis.
                        Ichthyosis.
                        Trichosis.
                        Favus.
  Cutaneous  Exhalation and Absorption ace
those which take place from the skin.
  Cutaneous, Middle Posterior,  see  Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
  Cutaneous  Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, so
called, of the upper extremity, are two  in num-
ber.  They are given off from the brachial plexus.
The  internal cutaneous, Cubito-cutane, (Ch.,) de-
scends along the inner part of the arm, and di-
vides above the elbow into two  branches;  the
outermost of which follows the outer  edge of the
biceps, and spreads over the anterior and inner
part of the forearm ;' and  the innermost accom-
panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond-
ing side of tho hand and little finger.  The exter-
nal cutaneous, Radio-cutane  (Ch.,) Mus'culo-Cu-
ta'ncus, Per'forans Casse'rii, passes outwards,
perforates the  coraco-brachialis;  descends along
the anterior and  outer part of the arm ; passes
as far as the middle fold of the elbow under the
median cephalic:  and  descends along the ante-
rior and outer edge of the  forearm.  At some
distance  above the  wrist, it divides into two
branches; an outer, which is  distributed on  the
back of the hand, the thumb  and  index finger;
and an inner, which  descends on  the muscles of
the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides
into  fine filaments, which  may be traced to the
fingers.
  Cutaneous  nerves,  Middle  cutaneous,  two  in
number,  are branches of  the crural or  femoral
nerve.  They are distributed  to the  integument
of the middle and lower part of the thigh and  of
the knee.
  Airvus Cutaneus Minor, Lesser internal cutu
neons nerve, A'erve of Wrisberg, takes its origin
from the  axillary  plexus,  but is  more  particu-
larly connected with the ulnar nerve.   It soon
separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be-
tween it and the  inner side of the arm.   A littl* 
CUTCH
262
CYCLUS
below the axilla  it divides  into  two branches,
which are distributed to the arm.
  Chaussier calls  the cephalic and basilic veins
the Radial and Cubital Cutaneoua.
  CUTCH, Catechu.
  CUTI, Catechu.
  CUTICULA, Epidermis.
  CUTIO, Ouiscus.
  CUTIS, Pellia, Pella, Co'rium,  Derma, Deria,
Anthro'pe, Anthro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau. A dense,
resisting membrane, of a flexible  and extensible
nature, which forms the general envelope of the
body; and is  continuous with the mucous mem-
branes, through the different natural apertures.
It is generally considered  to be formed of three
distinct layers — the epidermia, rete or more pro-
perly corpua mucosum, and corium. Some anato-
mists, however, separate it  into  several  others.
Its outer surface is covered by a number of small
eminences, called papilla?, which are  generally
regarded  as essentially nervous  and  vascular.
The skin is our medium of  communication with
external bodies.   It protects the subjacent parts ;
is the seat of touch, and through  it are exhaled
the watery  parts of the  blood,  which are not
needed in the nutrition of the body.  The state
of the skin, as regards heat and dryness, affords
useful  information in  pathological  investiga-
tions.  Its colour,  too,  requires  attention: the
paleness of disease is as characteristic as the rosy
complexion  of health.  The colour  of the skin
varies  according   to  the  age, sex,  Ac.   As  a
general rule, it is finer in the female  and child
than in the  male  and adult.   In  old age  it be-
comes light-coloured, thin, and dry.  It likewise
varies according to the races, Ac.
   Cutis  Anserina, Horrida cutis—c. Carnosa,
Panniculus carnosus—c Extima,  Epidermis — c.
Lingua?, see  Tongue — c. Suilla, Couenne — c.
Summa,  Epidermis — c. Tensa Chronica, Indura-
tion of the cellular tissue—c Ultima, Epidermis.
   CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation.
   CUTTING ON THE  GRIPE,  see Lithotomy.
   CUTTLE FISH, Sepia,
   CUTTUBUTH,  Cutubuth,  Leucomo'ria, Me-
lancholia errabund'a.  The Arabian physicians
gave this name to a  species of melancholy, ac-
companied with so much agitation, that the pa-
tients cannot remain tranquil for the space of an
hour.
   CULTRDO CANELLA,  Laurus  cinnamomum.
   CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy.
   CYAN'OGEN,  (F.)  Cyanoglne;  from xvavos,
'blue,' and yevvaw, 'I generate.'   So called from
its being an  ingredient in Prussian  blue.  It
forms, with  oxygen, the cyanic and other  acids;
with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid.
   CYANOP'ATHY, Cyanopathla, Cyano'sis, C.
cardlaca,Cyanoder'mia,Acleitro-cardia (Piorry),
Hamato-cyuno'sis, Kyano'sis,  Morbus caru'leus,
Carulo'sis  neonato'rum, from  xvavos, 'blue,' and
iraSos,  ' affection.'  (F.) Cyanose, Maladie bleu,
Ictere bleu.   A disease in which  the surface of
the body is coloured blue.   It is often symptom-
atic, and commonly depends on  a direct  com-
munication  between  the  cavities of the  right
and left side of the heart.  Such  communication
does not, however, always  occasion the blue dis-
ease, but it is generally thought that the  disease
never exists without this state of parts; or with-
out some obstacle to the circulation in the right
side of the  heart.  The blueness  does not seem
to be owing to the admixture of  black and red
blood.  A child affected with blueness  is said to
be cyanoscd, (F.)  Cyanose.
   CYANOSE, Cyanosis.
   CYANOSE, see Cyanosis,
   CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy—c,Pulmonalis, Ate-
lectasis pulmonum.
  CYANURETUM FERRO-ZINCICUM, Zinci
ferro-hydrocyanas.
  CYANUS, Centaurea cyanus — c. iEgyptiacus,
Nymph a; a nelumbo.
  Cy'anus Seg"etum, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet des
Moissons,  Barbeau,  Aubifoin,  Casse - Lunettes.
The  flowers of this European  plant, when dis-
tilled with water, have been used in ophthalmia.
  CYAR,  xvap.  ' The eye of a needle,' ' a small
hole.'   The Meatus  andito'riua internus.  See
Auditory canal, (internal.)
  CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of xvaSos, 'a bowl.'
The  concave part of a sound, made like a small
spoon, as in the case of the ear-pick.
  CY'ATHUS, 'a bowl.'  A measure, both of the
liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and
a half, or to the tenth  part of a pint.   According
to Pliny and Galen, about 10 drachms.
  Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain.
  CYBE,  Head.
  CYBITON, Cubitus.
  CYBOIDES, Cuboid.
  CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago—c. Revoluta,
see Sago.
  CYCEON, from xvxaw, ' I mix together.'  The
ancient name of a medicine of the consistence  of
pap,  composed  of  wine, water, honey, flour,
barley meal, and cheese.—Hippocrates.
  CYCLAMEN EUROPiE'UM, Arthani'ta,  A.
eye'lamen,  Cyclam'inua,  Cyssan'themon,  Cysso-
phyl'lon,  Panis  porci'nus,  Cas'amum, Chyli'ne,
' sow-bread.'   Fam.  Primulacea?.   Sex.  Syst.
Pentandria Monogynia.  (F.) Pain du Porceau.
The  fresh  root is  said to be acrid, bitter, drastic,
and  anthelmintic.  Dose, £j.  For external use,
see Arthanita.
  CY'CLE, Cyclus, from  xvxXos, 'a  circle.'  A
period or revolution of a certain number of years
or days.  The Methodists gave this name to  an
aggregate of curative means, continued  during
a certain  number of days.   Nine was the usual
number.
  Cycle,  Hebdom'adal or Heptal.  A period of
seven days or years, which,  according to some,
either in its multiple or submultiple, governs  an
immense number of phenomena of animal life.
  CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus.
  CYCLIS'MUS.  A  Troch, Trochia'cus.  The
name, as well as Cyclis'cus, was  also given  to a
circular kind of rasp.  They have the same ety-
mon as cycle.
  CYCLOCEPH'ALUS,  from xvxXos, 'a circle,'
and  xetpaXn, ' head.'  A monster whose eyes are
in contact, or united in one.
  CYCLOPHOR'IA, from xvxXos, 'a circle,'and
tpepw, ' I bear.'  The circulation  of the blood  or
other fluids.
  CYCLO'PIA.   Same etymon as Cyclops. State
of a monster that has both eyes united into one.
Called, also, Monops'ia and Rhinencephalia.
  Cyclopia Genistoi'des ;  A7at. Ord. Legumi-
nosae.  A  South African plant, the decoction and
infusion of which are used  as  expectorants  in
chronic bronchitis and in phthisis.
  CA'CLOPS,  xvxXwxj.', from  xvxXos,  'an  orb  or
circle,'  and w\p, ' an eye.'   Monoc'ulus, Monops,
Monophthalmus, Monom'matus, Unioc'ulus, Unoc'-
ultts.  A monster having but one eye, and that
placed in  the middle of the forehead,  like the
fabulous Cyclops.                       ♦
  CYCLOTOME,  Cyclot'omits,  from xvxXos,  'a
circle,' and repveiv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com-
posed of a ring of gold and a  cutting blade,  by
means of  which the ball of the eye can be fixed,
whilst the cornea is  cut.  It was invented by a
surgeon of Bordeaux, named  Guerin, for extract-
ing the cataract.  It is not used.
  CYCLUS, Circulus. 
CYDONIA
263
CYNANCHE
  CYDONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia — c.  Maliformis,
Pyrus cydonia—c. Vulgaris, Pyrus cydonia.
  CYDONIATUM,  Cydona'tum, Dyocydonites.
A composition of  the Cydonia mala  or quinces,
with the addition of spices.—Paulus of jEgina.
  CYDONIUM MALUM, see Pyrus cydonia.
  CYE'MA, xvnpa, from xvw, 'I conceive.'  Con-
ception.   Likewise the  product  of  conception.
See Embryo and  Foetus.
  C YES 100 NO'MON, from xvnais, 'pregnancy,'
and yvwpwv, 'a sign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy.
  CY'ESIOGNO'SIS, from  xvnais, 'pregnancy,'
and yvwats,' knowledge.'  Diagnosis of pregnancy.
  CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolocj" ia,  from  xvnais,
'pregnancy,' and Xoyos,  'a description.'  The
doctrine of gestation.
  CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  CYESTEINE,  Kiesteine.
  CYLIC1PNE,  Oylichnia.  A pill-box or earth-
enware pot, or small cup; from xvXil;, 'a cup.' —
Galen,  Foesius.
  CYLIXDRI, see Villous membranes—c. Mem-
branaeei renum,  see Calix.
  CYL'I NDROID, CylindroVdea, from xvXtvlpos,
'cylinder,' and eilos, 'form.'  Having the form
of a cylinder.  Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo-
nis,  Protuberance cylindro'ide.
  CYLINDROIDES, Teres.
  CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis.
  CYLLOPODA, see Kyllosis.
  CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis.
  CYLLO'SIS, xvXXwats.  Lameness, mutilation,
or vicious conformation. — Hippocrates,  Galen.
See Kyllosis.
  CYLLOSMUS; from   xvXXos,  'crooked.'   A
malformation by  defect, in which the fissure and
eventration are lateral, chiefly in the lower part
of the abdomen, the inferior extremity of the side
affected with the  fissure absent, or very little de-
veloped.—A'ogel.
  CYMATO'DES, Undo'aua, from xvpa, 'a wave,'
and eilos,  'resemblance.'  The vacillating, undu-
latory character of the pulse in weak individuals.
  CYMBA. Vulva.
  CYMBALARIA ELATINE, Antirhinum ela-
tine—c. Muralis,  Antirhinum linaria.
  CYMBALARIS, Cricoid.
  CYMBIFOKME OS, Scaphoid bone.
  CYMBOPOGON  SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus
odoratus.
  CYMINUM, Cuminum cyminum.
  CYXAN'CHE, Angi'na, from  xvwv, 'a dog,'
and ayxw, 'I suffocate'(?), Sore Throat, Para-
cynan'che, Si/nan'che, Prunella, Sqninan'thia,
Empres'ma Pariathmi'tia,  Couma Paristhmltis,
Isthmitis,  Pariathmi'tia, Infiammatio  Fau'cium,
' Dog choak.'  Inflammation of  the  supradia-
phragmatic portion of  the alimentary canal, and
of the lining membrane of the upper part of the
air-passages:—(F.) Angine, Esquinancie, Mal de
 Gorge, Synancie,  Squinancie, Kinancie.  It com-
prises the following chief varieties.
  Cvnanciie Epidemica, Cynanche maligna—c
Externa, C. Parotidaea—c. Faucium,  C. tonsillaris
—c. Gangrenosa, Cynanche maligna—c. Laryn-
gea, Laryngitis.
  Cynanche Malig'na, C. gangrano'aa, Angi'na
ulcero'sa, Febria epidenlica cum Angina, Em-
prea'ma Pariathmi'tia Malig'na, Tonsilla'rum gan-
gra'na, Tonsil'la jiestilen'tes, Cynanche epidem'-
ica, C.  pur'jmro-parotida'a, Cynanche  ulcero'sa,
Epidem' ica gutturis lues, Pest Hens fau'cium affec'-
tns,  Padan'chone (?),  Gangrana  Tonsilla'rum,
 Ulcus Syriacum,  Garrotillo,  Carbun'culus angi-
no'sua,  Angina  ulcusculo'sa,  A. epidem'ica,  A.
gangrano'sa, A.  malig'na. A. fau'cium malig'na,
Isthmoty'phus,  Putrid,  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat,
 Gangrenous  Inflammation of the  Pharynx,  (F.)
Angine gangreneuse, A. Maligne.   It is charac-
terized by crimson redness of the mucous  mem-
brane of  the fauces and tonsils; ulcerations, co-
vered with mucus, and spreading sloughs, of an
ash or whitish hue; the accompanying fever ty-
phus.  It is often epidemic, and generally conta-
gious ; and  is  frequently found  accompanying
scarlet fever,—giving rise to the variety, Scarla-
tina maligna.  Cynanche maligna has been made
to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous pha-
ryngitis.   See Pharyngitis, diphtheritic.
  The'general treatment is the same as in typhus;
and stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used,
consisting, for example, of the decoction of bark
and muriatic acid.
  Cynanche Maxillaris, c. Parotidaea,—c. (Eso-
phagea, Oesophagitis.
  Cynanche  Parotid^e'a, Empres'ma Parotitis,
Parotitis, P.  epidem'ica, P.  erysipelato'sa,  P.
contagiosa, P. spu'ria, P. sero'ao-glu'tine tu'mena,
Parot'ia, Parotidi'tia, Cynan'che  Parotidea, C.
exter'na, Angina maxilla'ris, Gissa, Angina ex-
terna, Angi'na parotida'a exter'na, Erythrochce'-
ras, Cynan'che maxilla!ris, Genyocynan'che, Gna-
thocynan'che, Inflamma'tio paro'tidum, Infla'tio
paro'tidum,  Catar'rhus  Bellinsula'nus, Branks
(Scotch), Mumps,  (F.) Inflammation de la Paro-
tide, Oreillons, Ourles. The characteristic  symp-
toms are :—a painful tumour of the parotid gland,
or of the  cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both,
not of the suppurative kind; frequently extend-
ing to the maxillary gland.  It is very conspicu-
ous externally, and is often accompanied with
swelling  of  the  testes in the male,  and of the
mammae  in  the female; the testes being some-
times absorbed afterwards.  It is  generally epi-
demic, and apparently contagious. (?)  The treat-
ment is very  simple; the adoption merely of the
antiphlogistic plan, under which  it usually soon
disappears.   AVhen inflammation of the mamma?
or testes  supervenes, it must be treated as if idio-
pathic.
   Epidem'ic  Parotitis or Mumps is also termed
Parotitis polymor'pha,  P. epidem'ica, P.  spe-
cif'ica.
   Cynanche  Pharynge'a,  Empres'ma Paris-
thmltis  Pharyngea, Isthmitis, Pharyngitis, In-
flamma'tio Pharyn'gis, Parasynan'che, Angina
inflammatoria, Sp. iv. — (Boerhaave.)  (F.) An-
gine Pharyngee,  Catarrhe pharyngien.  Inflam-
mation of the pharynx.
   This disease can  hardly  be said to differ, in
pathology or treatment, from Cynanche  tonsil-
laris.  The same may be remarked of the Cynan-
che QHsophage'a, CEsophagi'tis.
   Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris —c  Pur-
puro-parotidaea, Cynanche  maligna—c. Simplex,
Isthmitis—c Stridula, C. trachealis.
   Cynanche  Tonsillaris,  Emprcsma  Paris-
thmltis  Tonsilla'ris, Synan'che,  Cynan'che fau-
cium Amygdalitis,  Brand, Bronchi,  Hyan'che,
 Tonsillitis,   Cynanche Prunella,  Paristh'mia,
Paristhmltis, Dyspha'gia inflammato'ria, Anti-
adi'tis. Angina inflammato'ria,  A. cum tumo'rl,
A. tonsilla'ris,  A. Synocha'/is, A. Sanguin'ea, A.
vera et Icgit'ima, Inflamma'tio Tonsilla'rum, An-
tiadon'cus inflammato'riua,  Inflammatory  Sore
 Throat,  Common  Squinancy, Squinsy or Quinsy,
(F.)  Amygdalite,  Inflammation  des  Amygdales,
Angine tonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esqui-
nancie, Squinancie, Catarrhe guttural, Angine gut-
turale infiammatoire.  The  characteristic  symp-
toms of  this affection are, swelling  and florid
redness of the mucous membrane of the fauces,
and especially of the tonsils ;  painful and im-
peded deglutition, accompanied with inflamma-
tory fever.   It is generally ascribed to cold, and
is one of the most common affections of cold and 
CYNANCHICA
264
CYOTROPnY
temperate climates.  It usually goes off by reso-
lution, but frequently ends in suppuration.
  Common sore throat is an affection of no con-
sequence.  It requires merely rest, and the ob-
servance of the antiphlogistic  regimen.   AVhen
more violent, — in addition to  this, — bleeding,
local or general, or both,—purgatives, inhalation
of the steam of warm water; acid, or emollient
gargles; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or
blisters.   AVhen  suppuration  must  inevitably
occur, the continued use of  the inhaler must be
advised, and an opening be made into thcabscess
as soon as pus shall have formed.   If the patient
be  likely to  be suffocated  by  the tumefaction,
bronchotomy may be necessary.
  Cynanche Trachea'lis ;  the Cynanche laryn-
ge'a of some, Suffoca'tio strid'ula, Angina perni-
cio'sa, Asthma infan'tum, Cynanche strid'ula, Ca-
tar'rhus suffocativus Barbaden'sis, Angina poly-
po'sa sive membrana'cea sive pulpo'sa, Empres'-
ma  Bronchitis, E. Bronchlemmltis, Angina in-
flammato'ria,  A. suffocato'ria, A. strepito'sa,
Angina  canina, A.  exsudato'ria, Laryngitis  et
Tracheitis  infan'tilis,  Laryngos'tasis seu  La-
ryngo-tracheltis, Laryngo-tracheitis  with diph-
therit'ic exuda'tion, Loryngoc'ace, Orthopnce'a cy-
nan'chica,  Cynanchorthopnae'a, Padanchone (?),
A.  Trachea'lis, Morbus Strangulato'rius,  Trachl-
tis,  Tracheitis, Trachelitis, Diphtheri'tis trache-
a'lis, Expectora'tio  Sol'ida, Cauma Bronchitis,
Croup, Roup, Hives, Choak, Stuffing,  Rising of
the lights, (F.) Angine laryngee et tracheale,  La-
ryngite avec production de fausses membranes, La-
ryngite pseudo-membraneuse. A disease  charac-
terized by sonorous  and suffocative breathing;
harsh voice;  cough,  ringing, or like the  barking
of a dog; fever, highly  inflammatory.  It is apt
to be speedily attended  with the formation of a
false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath
the  glottis, and occasions violent  dyspnoea  and
suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated.  The
dyspnoea, as  in all  other affections  of  the  air-
passages, has evident exacerbations.  It differs
in its character in  different situations; being in-
finitely more  inflammatory in some places than
in others, and hence  the success obtained by dif-
ferent modes of treatment.   It chiefly  affects
children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent
attacks are usually less and less severe.
  As a general rule, it requires the most ac-
tive treatment;  bleeding from  the arm  or neck,
so as to induce paleness; leeches applied  to the
neck, Ac, according  to' the age,—the warm bath,
blisters to the neck  or  chest,  and  purgatives.
Formidable as the  disease may be, if this plan be
followed early, it  will  generally be successful.
Many  specifics  have been recommended,  but
the  search has been idle  and fruitless.  The
majority of cases of what  are  called croup are
not of this inflammatory cast; but are more of a
spasmodic character,  and have been termed by
the  French faux croups, and with us are occa-
sionally termed spasmodic croup. They generally
yield to an emetic and the warm bath.
  Cynanche  Trachealis Spasmodica,  Asthma
acutum, A. Thymicum — c.  Ulcerosa, Cynanche
maligna.
  CYNAN'CHICA.  Medicines used in  cases of
quinsy were formerly so called.
  CYANCH0RTH0PNC3A, Cynanche  tra-
chealis.
  CYNAN'CHUM.  Same etymon.  A genus of
plants, Xat. Ord.  Asclepiadaceae,  of which the
following are  used  in medicine.
  Cynanchum Argel, C. oleaefolium—c. Ipeca-
cuanha, Asclepias asthmatica.
  Cynanchum  Monspeliacum,  Scam'mony  of
Montpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish kind
of gum-resin, which  is purgative, and  but little
used.
  Cynanchum OLKiEFO'LiuM,  C. argel, Solc.no-
stem'ma argel, Argel.  An Egyptian, Nubian and
Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a por-
tion  of most samples  of Alexandrian  senna.
They resemble senna in their action.
  Cynanchum A'incetoxiqum, Asclepias vince-
toxicum.
  Cynanchum Vomito'rium, Ipecacuan'ha  of the
Isle of France.  As its name imports, this plant
resembles  ipecacuanha in properties. It is emetic,
in the dose of from 12 to 24 grains of the powder.
  CYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula.
  CYNANTHRO'PIA,  from  xvwv,  'dog,'  and
avSpwiros,  ' man.'   A variety of  melancholia, in
which the patient believes himself changed into
a dog; and imitates the voice and habits of that
animal.
  CYN'ARA,  C.  Scolymus,  Cin'ara acol'ymus.
The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Alcoe'-
alum, Arlicoc'alus, Artiscoc'cus lavis, Costus ni-
gra, Car'dnus sativus non spino'sus, Cinara hor-
ten'sis, Scolymus sativus, Car'duus sativus, Car-
dials domeal icua cap'ite ma jo're,  Carduue al'tilia,
(F.) Artichaut.  Family, Carduacea?.  Sex. Syat.
Syngenesia Polygamia a?qualis.   Indigenous in
the southern parts of Europe.  Much used as an
agreeable  article of diet. The juice of the leaves,
mixed with white wine, has been given in dropsies.
  CYN'ICUS, Cyno'dea,  from xvwv,  'a dog.'
Cynic.   Relating to, or resembling a dog.  Cynic
apaam is a convulsive contraction of the muscles
of one side of the face,—dragging the eye, cheek,
mouth, nose,  Ac,  to one side.  See Canine.
  CYNIPS QUERCUS  FOLII,  see Quercus in-

  CYNOCOPRUS, Album gra?cum.
  CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis.
  CYNOCTONON, Aconitum.
  CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina.
  CYNODECTOS, from xvwv,  'a dog,' and Inxw,
' I bite.'   One who has been bitten by a dog.—
Dioscorides.
  CYNODES, Cynicus.
  CYNODESMION, Fra?num penis.
  CYNODESMUS, Franum penis.
  CYNODONTES, Canine teeth.
  CYNOGLOS'SUM, from xvwv,  'a dog,' and
yXwaaa, ' a tongue.'  Cynogloa'aum officina'le sen
blcolor, Lingua Canina, Hound's tongue, Cabal-
la'tion, (F.) Langve de Chien.   Family, Boragi-
nea?.   Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Monogynia.   It is
aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup-
posed to be possessed of narcotic properties.
  CYNOLOPHOI, Spinous processes of the ver-
tebrae.
  CYNOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia.
  CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum.
  CYNOMOIA, Plantago psyllium.
  CYNOMO'RIUM COCCTN'EUM, from xvwv,
'a dog,' andpwpiov, 'the penis.' (F.) Champignon
de Malte.  Improperly called Fungus Meliten'sis,
or Fungus of Malta, as it  is not a fungus.  The
powder has been  given  as an astringent in he-
morrhage, dysentery, Ac.
  CYNOREXIA, Boulimia.
  CYNORRH0D0N, Rosa canina.
  CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina.
  CYNOSORCHIS, Orchis mascula.
  CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina.
  CYON,  xvwv.   The word sometimes  signifies
the frsenum of the prepuce; at others, the penis.
  CYOPH.ORIA,  Pregnancy.
  CYOT'ROPHY, Cyotroph'ia,  Embryot'rophy,
Embryotroph'ia, from xvos, ' embryo,' and rpoipetv,
'to nourish.'   Nutrition of the embryo.   Foetal
nutrition. 
CYPARISSUS
235
CYSTIDORRHEXIS
  CYPARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens.
  CVPERUS ANTIQUORUM,  Lawsonia iner-
mis—c.  Indicus, Curcuma longa.
  Cype'rus Longus, C. Roma'nus, from xvirapos,
'a round vessel,' which its roots have been said
to resemble.  Galanga/e,  (F.) Souchet odorant.
It possesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is
not used.   See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva.
   Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c.
Peruanus,  Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus,
C. longus.
   Cyperus ~RoTva'T)VS,C.tetras'tachya, the Round
Cype'rua, (V.) Souchet rond.  It is a more grate-
fully aromatic bitter than the C.  longua.
   Cyperus Tetrastachys, C. rotundus.
   CYPIIO'MA, Cyphos, Cypho'sis, Cyrto'ma, Cyr-
to'aia,   Opisthocypho'sia,  from xvtpos,  ' gibbous.'
Gibbosity  of the spine.  See Vertebral  Column,
Ac  Cyrtosia forms a genus in  the order Dya-
thet'ica, and class Hamat'ica of Good, and is de-
fined: 'head bulky, especially anteriorly; stature
short and incurvated; flesh flabby,  tabid, and
wrinkled.'  It includes Cretiniam, and Ricketa.
   CYP1I0SIS,  Gibbositas, see Hump, and Ky-
 phosis.    v
   CYPRES, Cupressus sempervirens.
   CYPRESS,  Cupressus sempervirens—c.  Tree,
 Liriodendron.
   CYP'RINUM O'LEUM, Oil of Cypreaa; pre-
 pared of olive oil, cypress flowers, calamus, myrrh,
 cardamom, inula, bitumen of Judaea, Ac. It was
 formerly   employed in certain  diseases of the
 uterus, pleurisies, Ac, and was  regarded  to be
 both stimulant and emollient.
   CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE", Stemlesa Lodiea'
 Slipper;   Moccasin Flower; indigenous; flowers
 in May aud June.  The roots are used by steam-
 doctors in nervous  diseases, like valerian.
    Cypripedidm Calceolus, C. Luteum—c Fla-
 vescens, C. Luteum.
    Cypripe'dium Lu'teum, C. Calce'olus, C. Fla-
 ves'cene,  C. Pubes'cens,  C. Parviflo'rum, Yellow
 ladies' slipper,  Moc'casin flower, Yellows, Bleed-
 inq heart,  Amcr'ican vale'rian, Yellow umbil, male
 Mervine,  Noah's ark, (F.) Sabot de Venus jaune.
 An" indigenous  plant, Nat. Order,  Orchidacea?,
 which is  found all over the United States;  blos-
 soming in May and June.  The root is considered
 to  be  antispasmodic, and is used in the same
  cases as valerian.
    Cvpripedium Parviflorum,  C Luteum — c.
  Pubescens, C. Luteum.
    Cypripedium Spectab'ilE, Showy ladies' slip-
 per, is the most beautiful of the genus.
    CYPRIUM, Cuprum.
    CYPSELE, Cerumen.
    CYRCEON, Anus.
    CYRTOIDES, Cuboid.
    CATRTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma.
    CYRT0NOS0S, Rachitis.
    CYSSAN T11EMON, Cyclamen.
    CA'SSARUS, Anus, Rectum.
    CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen.
    CYS'SOTIS, from kmoos, ' the anus.' The lower
  part of the rectum : tenesmus.
    CYST, Kyst
    CYSTAL'GIA,  Cystidal'gia, from xvans, 'the
  bladder.'  and aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain in the bladder.
    CYSTANENCEPII A'LIA, fromxvo-Tis, 'ablad-
  der.' and ancnccpha'lia, 'absence of brain.'  A
  monstrosity,  in which,  in  place of  a brain, a
  bladder is found filled with fluid.—G. St. Hilaire.
    CY ST A UC11 EN 0T0M'IA,c?y8fofracAefofo»i'to-,
   Cii*tidotrachclotom'ia, from xvans,  'a  bladder,'
  aiixnv, ' the neck,' and ropn, 'incision.'  An inci-
  sion into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy.
    CA'STAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia vesica urina'ria,
   Callos'itaa vcalca; from xvans, 'bladder,' and
avin, 'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of the  coats of
the urinary bladder.—Fuchs.  See Cysthypersar-
cosis.
  CYSTECTASY, Lithectasy.
  CYSTENCEPH'ALUS, from  xvans, 'bladder,'
and xetpaXn, 'head.'  A  monster having a head
with a vesicular brain.—G.  St. Hilaire.
  CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from  xvans, 'the bladder,'
and Xi8os, ' a stone.'  Stone in the bladder.  Also,
a medicine, employed to dissolve or break stone.
  CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Vesica-. Irritabilitua;
from xvons, 'the bladder,' and cpedil^w, 'I irritate.'
Irritability of the bladder.
  CYSTHEPAT'ICUS, from xvans, 'the bladder,'
and 'n*ap, 'the liver.'  Belonging to  the gall-
bladder and liver.   This name was  given,  for-
merly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile,
which were supposed to pass directly from the
liver to the gall-bladder.
  CYSTHEPAT0LITHI'ASIS,Cyst/ct>7xtro<Wii'-
aaia, Cholelith'io, Cholelithi'aaia, from xvans,  'the
bladder,'  'nirap, 'the liver,' and Xt$iaais,  'pain
caused by a calculus.'   The aggregate of pheno-
mena  caused by the presence of biliary calculi.
 See Calculi, biliary.
   CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis.
   CYSTHUS,  Anus.
   CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS, from xvans, 'blad-
der,' 'vtrep, 'over,' and aapxwais,  'a fleshy growth;'
 Excreacen'tia Veaica urina'ria.  A fleshy thick-
 ening of the coats of the bladder.
   CYSTIC, Cy8'ticu8,  from  xvans,  'a bladder.'
 Belonging to the gall-bladder.
   Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Cys'tica, is given off
 from the right  branch of the hepatic, and divides
 into two branches,  which  proceed to the gall-
 bladder.   It is accompanied by two cystic veins,
 which open into the vena porta abdominalis.
    Cystic  Bile.  Bile contained in  the   gall-
 bladder.
    Cystic Calculi.  Calculi formed in the  gall-
 bladder.
    Cystic Duct, Ductus cys'ticus, Mea'tus cys'ti-
 cus.  The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder,
 which, by its union with the hepatic, forms the
 ductus communis choledochus.
    Cystic Oxide Calculi,  see Calculi.
    Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernethy, Emphy'ma
 Sarcoma cellulo'sum.  Tumour, cellulose or cys-
 tose; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con-
 taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous.  Found
 in the thyroid  gland (forming bronchocele,) testis,
 ovarium, Ac.
    CYSTICA, Cystic Remedies.  Such medicines
 as were  formerly believed proper for combating
 diseases of the bladder.
    CYSTICER'CUS, from xvans, 'a bladder,' and
 xepxos, ' a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family
 of the  hydatids,  distinguished by  the  caudal
 vesicle in which the cylindrical or  slightly de-
 pressed body  of the animal terminates. The Cys-
  ticer'cua cellulo'sa  seu cellulo'sa, Hy'datis finna,
  has been often found in the cellular membrane.
    CYSTIDALCIA, Cystalgia.
    CYSTIDELCO'SIS, from xians. 'bladder,' and
  'eXxwais, ' ulceration.'   Suppuration or ulceration
  of the urinary bladder.
    CYSTIDEPATICUS, Hepatocystic.
    C YSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithi
  asis.
    CYSTID0BLENN0RRHO3A. Cystirrhoea.
    CYSTIDOCATARRIIUS, Cystirrhoea.
    CYSTIDOCELE, Cvstocele.
    CYSTIDOPLEGIA" Cvstoparalysis.
    CYSTIDORRHAGIA/Cystorrhagia.
    CYSTIDORRHEXIS, Cystorrhexis. 
CYSTID0RRH03A            26
  CYSTTDORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea.
  CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,   Cystosomatoto-
mia.
  CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic
  CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA,  Stricture of the
urinary bladder.
  CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia.
  CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystaucheno-
tomia.
  CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic.
  CYSTINX. Vesicula.
  CYSTIPIILOGIA,  Cystitis.
  CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from xvans, 'the bladder,'
and pnyvvw,' I break forth.'  Hemorrhage from the
bladder, (F.)  Hemorrhagic de la Vessie. By some
used synonymously with cystirrhoea.
  CYSTIRRHEUMA, Cystorrheuma.
  CYSTIRRHffi'A, from xvans,  'the bladder,'
and pew, ' I flow.' Paru'ria Stillatl'tia Muco'sa,
Blennilria, Blennorrhea' a urina'lis, B. vesica,
Cysto-blennorrhce'a, Cystorrhoe'a, Cystido-blennor-
rhne'a, Ischu'ria, Cysto-phlegmat'ica,  Tenes'mus
Vesica Muco'sus,  Urlna muco'sa,  Cystocatar'-
rhus, Cystido-catar'rhus, Cystidorrhoe'a, Urocysto-
catar'rhus,  Dysu'ria  Muco'sa, Pyu'ria  Mucosa,
P. vis'cida, P. sero'sa, Morbus cystophlegmalicus,
Catar'rhus  vesica,  (F.) Cystite muqueuse, Flux
muqueiix de la vessie, Catarrhe vesical. A copious
discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out
with the urine, and generally attended with dysu-
ria.  It is commonly dependent upon an inflam-
matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining
membrane.  The treatment must be regulated by
the cause.  If it be not produced by an extrane-
ous body : the antiplogistic plan,—the exhibition
of warm diluents, and keeping the  surface in  a
perspirable state, by  wearing flannel,  are indi-
cated.   Some of the  turpentines  may, at times,
be given with advantage; and astringent or other
appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder.
  CYSTIS, Follicle,  Urinary bladder—e. Cho-
ledochus, Gall-bladder—c. Fellea,  Gall-bladder
c. Serosa, Hygroma,
  CYSTITE, Cystitis—c. Muqueuse, Cystitis.
  CYSTITIS, from xvans,  'the  bladder.'  In-
flamma'tio Vesica, Empres'ma Cystitis, Cystitis
u'rica, Uro-cysti'tis, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystophlo'gia,
Inflommmation of the  bladder,  (F.) Cystite,  In-
flammation de  la vessie;  characterized by pain
and swelling in the hypogastric region; discharge
of urine painful or obstructed, and tenesmus.  It
may affect one or all of the membranes; but com-
monly it is confined to the mucous coat.  In the
chronic condition, it appears in  the  form of cys-
tirrhoea. It  must be treated upon the same en-
ergetic  principles as are required in other eases
of internal  inflammation.  Venesection, general
and local, the  warm  bath,  warm fomentations,
warm, soothing enemata, diluents, Ac.   Cantha-
rides  must  be avoided, even in the way of blis-
ters, unless with precautions, as  the disease is
often occasioned by them.
  Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis—c. Urica, Cys-
titis.
  CYSTITOME, Cystit'omus, Kibie'titome, from
xv7tis, 'the bladder,'  and repveiv, 'to cut.'  An
instrument, invented by Lafaye, for dividing the
anterior part  of the capsule of the crystalline in
the operation for  extracting cataract.  It  was
formed like the Pharyngotome.
  CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast.
  CYSTO-BLENNORRH(EA, Cystirrhoea.
  CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE,  from  xvans,  'the
bladder,' 0ov(iov, 'the groin,' and  xnXn, 'a tu-
mour.'  Hernia of the bladder through the abdo-
minal ring.
  CYSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea.
  CYSTOCE'LE, Cyatoee'lia, Ciatoce'le, Cyatido-
6             CYSTOSARCOMA

ce'le, from  xvans, 'the bladder,' and  xnXn, 'a tu-
mour,' Her'nia vealca  urina'ria, Hernia of the
bladder, (F.) Hemic de hi Veaaie.  It is not com-
mon.   It occurs, most frequently,  at the abdomi-
nal ring; less so  at the  crural arch, perina?um,
vagina, and foramen thyroideum.  It may exist
alone,  or be accompanied by a sac, containing
some abdominal viscus.   The tumour is soft and
fluctuating; disappears on pressure; and increases
in size, when the urine is retained.   It  must he
reduced and kept in position by a truss.  Vagi-
nal cyatocele is kept in place by a pessary.
  Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesiouhe
fellea?.
  CYSTODYN'IA, from xvans,  'the  bladder,'
and olvvn, 'pain.'   Pain of the bladder;  particu-
larly rheumatic pain.
  CATSTOID, Gyato'i'deua, Cyst-like, from xvans.
'a  bladder or cyst,'  and tilos,  'resemblance.
That which resembles a cyst, as ' cystoid tumour.
  CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical.
  CYSTO-LITH'IC,  Cystolith'icus,  from xvans,
'the bladder,' and  Xid-os, 'a stone.'  Relating to
stone in the bladder.
  CYSTOMA, see Kyst.
  CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from xvans, 'the blad-
der,' pepos, 'the thigh,' and xnXn. 'hernia.'   Fe-
moral  hernia, formed by the bladder protruding
beneath the crural arch.
  CYSTON'CUS, from xvans, 'the bladder,' and
oyxos, ' tumour.'   Swelling of the bladder.
  CYSTOPARAL'YSIS,  Cystidoparal'ysis, Cys-
tidople'gia,  Cystople'gia, Cystoplex'ia, from xva-
ns, 'bladder,' and  irapaXvais, 'palsy.'  Paralysis
of the urinary bladder.  See Enuresis.
  CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Cystophlegmal icus,
from xvans, 'the bladder,' and tpXeypa,  'mucus,
phlegm.'  Belonging to the vesical mucus.  Mor-
bus cystophlegmal icus.  Cystirrhoea.
  CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
  CYSTOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis vesica'lis, from
xvans,  'the  bladder,' and  tpdtw, 'I consume.'
Consumption from  ulceration of the bladder,—
Ulcera seu Helco'sis vesica.
  CYSTOPLASTIC, Cyatoplaa'ticua: from xvens,
'the bladder,' and irXaaaw, 'I form.'  An epithet
for operations for the cure of fistulous  openings
into the bladder; sometimes restricted to the cure
by translation of skin  from a neighbouring part.
  CYSTOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis.
  CYSTOPLEG"IC, Oyatoplcg"icua.  Belonging
to paralysis of the bladder;  from  xvans,  'the
bladder,' and -nXnaaw,  'I  strike.'
  CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalysis.
  CYSTOPTO'SIS, from  xvans,  'the bladder,'
and irtirretv, 'to fall.'  Relaxation of the inner
membrane of the bladder, which projects into the
canal of the urethra.
  CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'icus, from  xvans, 'the
bladder,' and  wvov, ' pus.'  Relating to suppura-
tion of the  bladder.
  CYSTORRHAG'TA, Hamatu'ria cyat'iea, IIa>-
morrhag"ia veai'ca, Strangu'ria cruen'ta, Smi'-
guinis  fluor veai'ca, from xvans, ' the  bladder,'
and payn, ' rupture.'  A discharge of blood from
the vessels of the urinary bladder.
  CYSTORRHEU'MA,  Cyatirrheu'ma, Rheuma-
tia'mu8 veai'ca urina'ria; from xvans, 'the blad-
der,' and pevpa, 'defluxion,' rheumatism.' Rheu-
matism of the bladder.
  CYSTORRHEXTS, Cyatidorrhex'ia; from xva-
ns, ' bladder,' and  'pn&s, ' rupture.'   Rupture of
the urinary bladder.
  CYSTORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea.
  CYSTOSARCO'MA, from xvans, 'a bladder or
cyst,' and  sarcoma.  A  tumour consisting of a
combination of cysts and cystoids, so called by
J. Miiller. 
CYSTOSOMATOMIA
  CY^TOSOM ATOM'lA,Cystosomatotom'ia,Cys-
tidoaomatolont'ia, from Kvons, 'the bladder,' awpa,
'body,'  and ropn,  'incision.'  An incision into
the body of the bladder.
  OYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic.
  CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Cystoapaa'ticua, from xvans,
' the bladder,'  and airaw, ' I  contract.'  Relating
to spasm of the bladder, and  particularly of its
sphincter ;—('ystidospas'mus,  Spasmus  Vesica,
Ischu'ria spasmod'ica, (F.) Spas me de la Vessie.
  CYSTOSTENOCIIO'RIA, Cystidostenocho'ria,
S'rictii'ra vesica,  Vesica sacca'ta.  A stricture,
narrowness, inequality or  saccated  condition of
the urinary bladder.
  VYSTOTUWiMUOU),Cyatothrombo'i'des,from
xvans, 'the bladder,' and 3pop,3os, 'a clot.' Relat-
ing to the presence of clots in the bladder.
   CYSTOTOME, Cystot'omus, from xvans, 'the
1  bidder,' and repveiv, 'to cut.'  An instrument
intended for cutting the bladder.  Instruments
of this kind have been more  frequently, although
very  improperly, called  Lithotomee.
   CYSTOTOM'IA, Cyatidotom'ia, same etymon.
Incision of the bladder.  Sectio  reaica'lis.  Cys-
totomia means cutting into  the bladder for any
purpose;  (F.) Incision de la vessie.  Commonly,
it is applied to the puncturing of the bladder for
the purpose of removing the urine ;  whilst Litho-
tomy has been employed for the incisions made
with  the view of extracting calculi  from the
bladder.  See Lithotomy.
   CYSTOTKAOIIELOTOMIA,  Cystauchenoto-
mia.  See  Lithotomy.
  CA'T'INUS,  Cytinua  Hypodst'is, Hypocist'ia,
As'arum Hypodst'is.  A small parasitical plant,
which grows in the south of France and in Greece,
on the roots of the woody cistus. The juice  of its
fruit is acid, and very astringent.  It is extracted
by expression, and converted into an extract, which
was called Succus Hypocis'tidis, and was formerly
much used in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, Ac.
207              DACRYOPCEUS
   —                »
     CYTISI'NA, Oytisine.   An immediate vege-
   table  principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and
   Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cystisns Labur'num or
   Bean-Trefoil tree.  Family, Leguminosae.   Sex.
   Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.   Cytisine has  ana-
   logous properties to emetine.   In the dose of one
   or two grains, it produces vomiting and purging;
   and, in a stronger dose, acts  as an acrid poison.
   The seeds of the Cytisus Laburnum, (F.) Aubours,
   have been long known to produce vomiting and
   purging.
     CYTISMA  ECZEMA, Eczema—c Herpes,
   Herpes.
     CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium seoparium.
     CYTISUS  LABURNUM,   see Cytisina —c.
   Scoparius, Spartium seoparium.
     CYTITIS,  Scytltis, Dermatitis, Dermltis,
   Cuti'tis,  Coriltia, from (curis, ' the  skin,'  and
   itia,  ' denoting inflammation.'  Inflammation of
   the skin.
     CYTOBLAST, Cyatoblaat,  from xvros, 'cell,'
   and j3AaoTos,  'germ.'   Cell-germ,  Nil clew,  (F.)
   Noyau.   A primary granule,  from which all ani-
   mal  and vegetable bodies are presumed to  be
   formed.  AVhen the nucleus or cytoblast forms a
   cell, and is attached  to its  walls, the germinal
   cell,  thus  formed, is  called  a  nucleated  cell.
   AVhen the nucleus contains a simple granule, the
   latter is  termed a nucleolus,  (F.) Nucleole, X'u-
   cieolule.
     CYTOBLASTE'MA ; same etymon.  Intercel-
   lular substance, Hy'aline substance, Substantia
   vit'rea seu hyalina, Matrix.  The gum or mucus
   in the  vegetable, and  probably the liquor  san-
   guinis after transudation from the vessels in the
   animal, in a state fully prepared for the formation
   of the tissues. — Schwann and Schleiden.   By
   many, Blastema is preferred,  inasmuch as it  does
   not convey the idea of cellular development.
     CYTTAROS, Glans.
D.
  The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen,
wns the sign for quartan fever.
  DABACH, A'iscum album.
  DACNE'RON, laxvnpov, from laxveiv, 'to bite.'
An  ancient name for a collyrium, composed  of
oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia,  myrrh,  saffron,
gum Arabic, and opium.
  DACRY, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, laxpv, laxpvpa,
Ijixovov, ' a tear :' Hence :
  D A C R Y AD E N A L 'GIA, Dacryoddenolgia,
from laxpvw, ' I weep,' «<5»/i',  'a gland,' and aXyns,
'pain.'   Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland.
  DACRYADENITIS, Dacryoiidenltis : from
laxovw, ' I weep,' alnv, ' a gland,' and itis.  In-
flammation of the lachrymal gland.
  DAORYALLffiO'SIS, from laxpv, 'a tear,'and
aXXoiwats, 'change.'   A  morbid condition of the
tears.
  DACRYDION, Convolvulus scammonia.
  DACRYG ELO'SIS, from laxpvw, 'I weep,' and
ytXii.c,  ' I laugh.'  A  kind  of insanity, in which
the  patient weeps and laughs at the same time.
  DACRYII.EMOR'RIIYSIS:  from  laxpv,  'a
tear,' and  'aipoppvais, 'hemorrhage.'  A  flow  of
bloody  tears.
  DAORYNOMA, Epiphora,
  D.U'RYO \OENALGIA, Dacryadenalgia.
  DACRYOADENTTIS, Dacryadenitis.
  DACKYOBLENNORRHffi'A, from i„Kpvw. T
weep,'  PXevva,  'mucus,'  and pew, 'I flow.'  Dis-
charge  of tears mixed with  mucus.
  DACRYrOCYSTAL'GIA, from laxpvw, 'I weep,'
xvans, 'a sac,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Disease or pain
in the lachrymal sac.
  DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac.
  DACRYOCYSTITIS,  from laxpvov,  'a tear,'
and xvans, ' bladder.'  Inflammation of the lach-
rymal sac.
  DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS;
from dacryoeystis, the 'lachrymal sac,' avpiyl;, 'a
pipe, a  fistula,' and xaraxXetats,  'a locking up.'
A term, proposed  by Dieffenbach for the healing
of lachrymal  fistulae  by transplantation.   The
operation consists in paring the edges of the fis-
tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re-
quisite tegumental displacement  by lateral  inci-
sions.
  DACRYrO'DES, Lachrymo'sus, from laxpvw, 'I
weep.'   Resembling tears :—hence, Ulcus dacry-
o'des.  A sanious ulcer,  a weeping sore.
  DACRY'OLITE, Dacryolithus, from laxpvw,
'I weep,' and XiOos, 'a stone.'  A  concretion
found in the lachrymal passages.
  DACRYOLITHI'ASIS;  same etymon as the
last.  The formation of concretions in the tears.
  DACRY'O'MA.   Same etymon.  The effusion
of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the puncta
lachrymalia,—A'ogel.
  DACRYON, Tear.
  DACRYOPCE'US, from laxpvw, 'I weep,' and
vouw, 'I make.'   A substance which  excites the 
DACRYOPS
26S
DAPHNE
secretion of tears, — as  the  onion, horse-radish,
garlic, Ac.
  DACRY/OPS, from laxpvw, T weep,' and wip,
'the eye.'  A weeping  eye.  A tumefaction  of
the lachrymal passages.
  DACRYOPYORRHCE'A,  Pyorrhce'a  via'rum
lachry mil limn, from  laxpv, ' a, tear,' irvov,  'pus,'
and pew, ' to  flow.'  A discharge of tears mixed
with purulent matter.
  DACRY0RR1I03'A,  Docryrrhce'a,  Dacryor'-
rhysie, Dacryr'rhysis, from laxpv,  ' a  tear,' and
pew, ' to flow.'  A morbid flux* of tears.
  DACRY0RR11YS1S,  Dacryorrhoea.
  DACRYOSOLENITIS, from laxpv, 'a tear,'
awXnv, ' a canal,' and ilis, denoting inflammation.
Infl mmation of the lachrymal ducts.
  DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula laehrymalis.
  DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhoea.
  DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea.
  DACTYLETHRA, Dactyllthra, from laxrvXos,
' a finger.'  A name given by the ancients to dif-
ferent topical applications,  having the form of a
finger, and proper for being introduced into the
throat to excite vomiting.
  DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus.
  DACTYT/ION, Dactyl'ium, from <5aicTuAo?,  'a
finger.'  The union of the fingers with each  other.
This affection is generally congenital; but it may
be owing to  burns, ulcerations, inflammation of
the fingers, Ac.
  DACTYL'IOS, from  laxrvXos,  'a finger.'  A
troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. The
anus.
  DACTYLITIS, Paronychia,
  DACTYLIUS, from laxrvXios, annulus, 'aring.'
  Dactyl'ius Agulea'tus.   A worm  of a light
colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering slightly
towards  both extremities, from two-fifths to four-
fifths of an inch  long, which has been found in
the urine.
  DACTYLODOCHME, Dochme.
  DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from  laxrvXos,  'a
finger,'  aud avptpvats, 'union.'  Adhesion  of the
fingers to each other. _
  DACTYLOTHE'KE,  from laxrvXos, 'a finger,'
and Qnxn, 'a  case or sheath.'  An instrument  for
keeping  the  fingers extended when wounded.—
Ambrose ParS.
  DAC'TYLUS,  Dig"itua,  'a finger.'   The
smallest measure of the Greeks,  the  sixth part
of a foot. Also, the Date.
  DiEDA'LEA   SUAVEOLENS,  Bole'tua  seu
Fungua Sttl'icia, Boletua diacdideua seu suaveolena,
Fungu8 albua aallgeus, (F.) Agaric odorant; Bolet
odorant.  A  champignon, which  grows on  the
trunks  of old willows.  It  has a smell of anise,
which is penetrating and  agreeable; and  has
been  recommended in phthisis pulmonalis in the
dose of a scruple four times a day.
   DiEDALUS, Hydrargyrum.
   D.EDION, Bougie.
   DALA10N0MANTA, Demonomania.
   D^S, Ta?da?.
   DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
   DAFFY'S ELIXIR,  Tinctura senna? compo-
sita.
   DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Eri-
geron Philadelphicum — d. Common,  Bellis — d.
 Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
   DALBY'S  CARMIN'ATIVE.   A  celebrated
empirical remedy,  much used  as  a carminative
for children.  The following is a form  for its pre-
paration : (Magnesia alb. Qij ;  ol. mentha piper.
gtt. j ; ol. nuc. moschat,  gtt. iij ; ol. anisi, gtt. iij ;
tinct. castor, gtt. xxx;  tinct. asafoetid.  gtt. xv;
 tinct. opii, gtt. v; sp. pulegii, gtt. xv; finer, car-
 dam, c.  gtt.  xxx; aqua mentha  pip. ^ij.  M.)
A  Committee  of the  Philadelphia  College of
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form: —
(Aqua,  Ox; Sacchar. a(li. ^xxxij;  Carbon.J'o-
taaa. z,ss;  Curb. Mag.  .^xij;  Tinct. Opii. I^vj;
Ol. menth.pip., Ol. Anetlii Fcenicul. aa t'9ij. M.)
  DALTO'NIAN.   An absurd  name  given to
one who cannot distinguish colours; because the
celebrated  chemist Dalton had  the  defect.  See
Achromatopsia.
  DALTONISM, Achromatopsia.
  DAMSON, Prunuin Damasccnum — d. Moun-
tain, Quassia simarouba — d. Tree, Prunus do-
mestica.
  DANCE, see Mania, dancing.
  DANCING, Salta'tio, (F.) Donee.  A kind of
exercise and amusement, composed  of a succes-
sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed
by measured  steps to the sound of the voice or
musical instrument.  It is a  healthy exercise.
  Dancing  Mania,  see  Mania,  dancing — d.
Plague, see Mania, dancing.
  DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum.
  DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis.
  DANDRUFF, Pityriasis.
  DANDY, Dengue.
  DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
spring,  a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe-
den.  The  waters contain carbonic acid, holding
in solution carbonate of iron, sulphate  of iron,
sulphates of soda and  lime,  chloride of sodium,
and silica.  It is frequently employed in medicine.
  DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus.
  DANICH;  an Arabic  word, signifying the
weight of 8 grains.
  DAXSE, Dancing—d. de St.  Guy, Chorea— d.
de St. Witt, Chorea.
  DAPHNE, Laurus.
  Daphne  Alpi'na,   Chamale'a,  Chamala'a,
 Widow wail.  Family, Thymelaese.  Sex. Syst,
Octandria  Monogynia.   A sort of dwarf-olive.
An acrid,  volatile, alkaline  principle has been
separated from  the  bark of this  plant by  M.
Arauquelin, to which he  has given  the name
Daphnine.   The plants of the  genus owe their
vesicating property to this principle.
  DAPHNE BOISGENTIL, Daphne mezereum
— d. Flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium — d. Garou,
Daphne gnidium.
  Daphne  Gnid'ium, D.panicula'ta, Thymela'a,
 Th. Monapeliaca,  Thymele'a, Cneo'ron, Spurge
Flax,  Flax-leaved Daphne.  The plant which
furnishes the  Garou Bark,  (F.) Daphne Garou,
Sain-boia.  It is chiefly used, when  used at all,
for exciting irritation of the skin.  The Grana
Gnid'ia, (see Cnid'ia  grana,) are acrid  poisons,
like all the plants  of this genus, when taken in
quantity.   According to others, the  garou bark
and grana gnidia  are obtained from the daphne
laureola.
  Daphne  Laureola, D. major, Thymela'a lau-
re'ola.  The systematic name of the Spurge Laurel,
Laureola.  The  bark of this plant  has similar
properties to  the last.
  Daphne  Liottardi, D. laureola—d. Major, D.
laureola.
  Daphne Meze'reum, D.Liottar'di, Thymela'a
meze'reum.   The systematic name of the Mizc'-
reon, Mezereum, Spurge olive, (F.) Daphne Boia-
gentil.   The  bark of  the mezereon, Mezereum,
(Ph. U. S.) possesses analogous properties to the
other varieties of Daphne.  It  is considered sti-
mulant and diaphoretic;  and, in large  doses, id
emetic. It  has been employed in syphilitic cases,
but its efficacy is doubtful.  Soaked in vinegar,—
like the other varieties of daphne,  it has been
 employed  to irritate the skin, especially to keep
issues  open.
   Daphne Paniculata, D. Gnidium. 
DAPHNEL^ON
269
DEAMBULATIO
   DAPHNEL.E'ON,  O'leum  Laurlnum,  from \
 latpvi/, 'the laurel or bay tree,' and tXaiov,  'oil.'
 Oil of Rat,.
   DAPHNINE, see Daphne Alpina.
   DARNEL, Lolium temulentum.
   DAltSENI, Laurus cinnamomum.
   D ARS INI, Laurus cinnamomum.
   DARSLS, from  lepw,  'I excoriate,'  'I skin.'
 The Greek physicians seemed to have  used this
 word  to  designate the  anatomical preparation,
 which consists in removing the skin for exposing
 the organs covered by it.
   DART A,  Impetigo — d.  Excoriativa,  Herpes
 exedens—d. Maligna, Herpes exedens.
   DARTOS.  Same derivation ;  Membra'na car-
 no'sa, Tu'nica muacula'ria, T. rubicun'tla acroti,
 Mursu'pium musculu'sum; from lapros, 'skinned.'
 A name, given to the second covering of the tes-
 ticle, which the  ancient anatomists conceived to
 be  muscular, but which is merely areolar.   Its
 external  surface is towards the scrotum ;  the in-
 ternal towards  the tunica vaginalis. .  Frederick
 Lobstoin and Breschet consider, that it proceeds
 from an expansion of the fibrous cord, known by
 the name  Gubernaculum Testis.
   DARTRE, Herpes, Impetigo,-Pityriasis — d.
 Crustticee, Ecthyma impetigo — d. Crustacie fia-
 vescentc, Porrigo lupinosa—d. Cro&teuse, Impetigo
 —(/. Ecailleuse,  Psoriasis—d. Fongueuse, Ecthy-
 ma—d. Furfuracee arrondie, Lepra, Lepra vul-
 garis—(/.  Furfuracee volante,  Lichen,  Pityriasis
 — d.  Phlyctenoide, Herpes phlyctoenoides — d.
 Piistuleuse couperose, Gutta rosea—d. Pustuleuse
 disseminee, Acne—d. Pustuleuse  mentagra, Syco-
 sis— d. Rongeante, Herpes exedens; see  Esthio-
 menus — d. Squammeuse  humide, Eczema — d.
 Squammeuse  licheno'ide, Psoriasis — d.  Vive, Ec-
 zema.
    DARTREUX (F.),  Herpetic.  Participating
 in the characters of Dartre or Herpes.  Also, one
 affected with  dartre.   Dartre has  been used, at
 one time or other, for almost every disease of the
 skin.   See Herpes.
    DAS'YMA, from  Saavs,  'rough,'  'hairy.'  A
 disease of the eye — the same as  trachoma, but
 less in degree.—Aetius,  Gorraeus.
    DAS'YTES.   Same etymon.   Roughness, par-
 ticularly  of the  tongue and  voice.  Hairiness,
 Hirsu'ties.
    DATE. Pal'mula, Dac'tylus, Bal'anos, Phce'ni-
■ cos, the fruit of the Phoenix doctylif'era  seu ex-
 celsa, Palma doctylif'era,  (F.) Datte.  The un-
 ripe date is astringent.  When ripe, it  resembles
 the fig.   The juice of the tree is  refrigerant.
    DATE  PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus.
    DATTE, Date.
    DATURA, D. Stramonium.
    D atu'r a Sanguin'ea, Reel Thorn Apple; called
 by the Indians  of Peru Huacacachu,  Yerba de
 Iluaca (huoca, a grave) or Grave-plant, and Bo-
 vachevp.   A plant from which the Peruvian  In-
 dians prepare a narcotic drink called Tonga.
    Dati'ra Stramo'nium, Stramo'nium, Stramo'-
 nia, Barycoc'colon, Sola'num fae'tidum, Stramo'-
 nium majus album, seu spino'sum seu vulga'tum seu
 fce'tidum, Pomum seu Malum spino'sum, A'u.r me-
 thel, Datu'ra, Dutro'a,  Daty'ra,  Thorn Apple,
 Jamestown HVerf, Jimston Weed, Stinkwecd, (F.)
 Stramoine,Pomme epineusc. The herbaceous part
 of the plant and the seeds are the parts  used in
 medicine.  They are narcotic and poisonous ; —
 are given internally as narcotics and antispasmo-
 dics, and  applied externally as sedatives, in  the
 form of fomentation.   The  seeds are smoked like
 tobacco,  in asthma.   The dose of the  powder is,
 gr. j to gr. viii.
    DA'Tl  R1NE, Daturlna, Datu'ria, Dotu'rium.
 The active principle of the Datura Stramonium,
separated by Brandes, a German chemist.  It has
not been rendered available in medicine.
  DATURIl'M, Daturine.
  DATYEA, Datura stramonium.
  DAUCITES VINUM.   AVine, of  which the
Daucus or  Wild Carrot  was an ingredient.  The
seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly used
in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases
of the uterus, Ac
  DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamantacretensis.
  Daucus  Caro'ta.  The systematic name of
the Carrot Plant; Daucus, Daucus sylces'tris seu
vulga'ris seu sativus, Cauca'lia caro'ta, Pastina'ca
sylvestris tenuifo'lia officina'rum, Ado'rion.  Or-
der, Umbellifera?.  (F.)  Garotte.  The root,  and
seed, Carota — (Ph.  U.  S.) — have been  used in
medicine.  The root is  sweet and mucilaginous;
and the seeds have an aromatic odour, and mode-
rately warm, pungent taste.  The root has been
used as an  emollient, to  fetid  and ill-conditioned
sores.   The seeds have been  regarded  as  sto-
machic, carminative and diuretic; but they have
little efficacy.   The seeds of  the wild plant are,
by some, preferred to those of the garden.
   Daucus  Creticus, Athamanta cretensis—d.
Cyanopus,  Pimpinella magna — d. Sativus, D.
carota — d. Seprinius,  Scandix cerefolium — d.
Sylvestris,  D. carota—d. Arulgaris, D.  carota.
   DAUPHINELLE, Delphinium staphisagria.
   DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see
Conium maculatum.
   DA VIER, Dentagra.
   DAWLISH,  CLIMATE OF.  A  town  in De-
vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during
the winter.  It is well protected from northerly
winds, and also from the  violence of  the  south-
westerly gales.  It offers,  however, but  a con-
fined space.
   DAX, MINERAL AVATERS OF.   Dax  is a
city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are
four springs, that are  almost purely thermal;
containing  only a very small quantity  of chloride
of magnesium, and sulphate of soda and lime.
Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit.
   DAY'MARE, Incubus vigilantium.
   DAY-SIGHT, Hemeralopia—d. Arision, Heme-
ralopia,                         x
   DAZZLING,  Caliga'tio,  (F.)  Eblouiseement.
A momentary disturbance of sight,  occasioned
either  by the sudden impression of  too powerful
a light, or by some internal "banse :  as plethora.
   DE  VENTRE INSPICIENDO,  'of inspect-
ing the belly.' AVhere there is reason to suppose,
that a woman feigns herself  pregnant, a writ de
ventre  inspiciendo may be issued to  determine
whether she be so or  not.   Until recently, in
England, the decision was left to twelve matrons
and twelve respectable men, according  to the
strict terms of the ancient writ,
   DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum.
   DEAFNESS, from Anglo-Saxon  bear.  Sur'-
ditaa, Copho'aia, Dysecoi'o, Dyseca'a organ'lea,
Baryecola, Hardness of hearing, Hypocopho'sis,
Subsur'ditoa, Brodycola, Bradyecoi'a, (F.) Sur-
dite, Durcte de louie.   Considerable diminution
or total loss of hearing.  It may be the effect of
acute or chronic inflammation of the internal ear,
paralysis of the auditory nerve or its pulpy extre-
mity, or of some mechanical  obstruction  to the
sonorous rays.  In most  cases, however, the cause
of the deafness is not appreciable, and the treat-
ment has to be purely empirical.  Syringing the
ears, dropping in slightly stimulating  oil's, fumi-
gations, Ac, are  the most likely means to afford
relief.
   Deafness, Taylor's Remedy for, see Allium.
   DEALBATIO, Paleness.
   DEAMBULATIO, AYalking. 
DEARTICULATIO
270
DECIDUA
  DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis.
  DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus.
  DEATH, (Sax. beab,) Apobio'sis,Abio'sis,Ex-
tinc'tio, Ob'itus, Psychorag"ia, Psychorrhag"ia,
Le'thum,Letum, Mors, Inter'itus, Than'atos, Death,
(F.) Mart.  Definitive cessation of all the func-
tions, the aggregate of which constitute life. Real
Death, Apothttna'sia, is  distinguished  from as-
phyxia  or  apparent death: — the latter  being
merely  a suspension of those same  functions.
But it is often difficult to judge of such suspen-
sion, and the only certain sign of real death is
the commencement' of putrefaction.   At times,
therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis-
takes.   Death is commonly  preceded  by some
distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of
respiration, circulation, or  of the cerebral func-
tion, and which constitute the agony. That which
occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few,
precursory signs, is  called sudden death.   It is
ordinarily caused by disease of the heart; apo-
plexy ; the rupture of an aneurism, or by some
other organic  affection.   Death is natural, when
it occurs as the result of disease: violent, when
produced by some forcible agency.  It may like-
wise affect the whole body, or a part only; hence
the difference  between  somatic  and molecular
death.
   The chief varieties of the modes of death may
be thus given  :—
                             ( Suddenly—Syn-
Death beginning at the heart, < cope: Gradual—
                             ( Asthenia.
   "       "      in the lungs—Asphyxia.
   "       "      in the brain—Apoplexy.
                 in  the gray f Paralysis of
   "       "      matter of the < pneumogastrics,
                 medulla,     (Ac.
   "       "      in  the blood—necraemia.
   Death, Apparent, Asphyxia.
   Death, Black.  The  plague of the 14th cen-
tury was so called,  which is supposed to  have
proved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people.—
Ilecker.
   Death of Man, Cicuta maculata — d. Stiffen-
ing, Rigor mortis.
   DEBILIS, Infirm.
   DEBIL'ITANTS, Debilitan'tia, Antidynam'-
ica, Philadynam'ica, from  debilitare, itself from
debilis,  quasi  dehabilis,  'weak,' 'to  weaken.'
Remedies exhibiteeMbr the  purpose of reducing
excitement.  Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili-
tants.
   DEBILITAS, Debility—d. Erethisica, see Irri-
table— d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia, see Irritable
— d. Alsus, Asthenopia.
   DEBILTTY,  Debilitas,  Asthenia,  Blaci'a,
Anenerge'sia,  Anenergla,  Weakness, (F.) Fai-
blesse.  A  condition, which may be induced by
a number of causes.   It must not be confounded
with fatigue, which is temporary, whilst debility
is generally more permanent.
   Debility may be real, or it may be apparent;
and, in the management of disease, it is important
to attend to this. At the commencement of fever,
for example, there is often a degree of apparent
debility, which prevents the use of appropriate
means, and is the cause  of much evil.  Excite-
ment is more  dangerous than debility.
   DEBOITEMENT, Luxation.
   DEBORDEMENT (F.),  from deborder, (de
and border) 'to overflow.'   A popular term for
one or more sudden and copious evacuations from
the bowels.   It is chiefly applied to bilious  eva-
cuations of this kind—Debordement de Bile.
   DERRIDEMEXT (P.), Frano'rum solu'tio,
from (F.) debridcr, (de and brider,) 'to unbridle.'
The removal of filaments, Ac, in  a wound or
abscess, which prevent the discharge of pus.  In
a more general  acceptation, it means the cutting
of a soft, membranous or aponeurotic part, which
interferes with the exercise  of any organ what-
ever: thus, in paraphimosis,  debridement of the
prepuce is practised to put an end to the inflam-
mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, de-
bridement of the abdominal  ring is  had  recourse
to, to remove the stricture of  the intestine, Ac.
  DECAGRAMME, from lexa,' ten,' and yoappa,
'a gramme.'  The weight of ten grammes, 154.34
grains Troy.
  DECAM'YRON, from lexa, 'ten,' and  pvpov,
' ointment.'  An ancient cataplasm,  composed of
malabathrum,  mastich,  euphorbium, spikenard,
styrax calamita, carbonate of lime,  common pup.
per, unguentum nardi,  opobalsamum, and wax.
  DECANTATION,  Decanta'tio, Defu'sio, Me-
tangism'os,  Catach'ysis. A pharmaceutical ope-
ration, which consists  in pouring off, gently, by
inclining the vessel, any fluid which has  left a
deposit.
  DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM,  see Re-
section.
  DECARBONIZATION, Ha?matosis.
  DECESSIO, Ecpiesma,
  DECHARNE, Demusculatus.
  DECHAUSSEMENT (F.) (de and chausser.)
The state, in which the gums have fallen away
from  the teeth, as in those affected  by mercury,
in old persons, Ac.  Also, the operation  of lanc-
ing the  gums.  See Gum lancet.
  DECHA USSOIR,  Gum lancet.
  DECHIREMENT,, Laceration.
  DECH1R URE, AVound, lacerated.
  DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy.
  DECIDUA, Decidua membrana.
  Decid'ua Membra'na, Decid'na, Decid'uous
Membrane, from  decidere, ' to fall  off,'  (de, and
cadere.) So called on account of its being consi-
dered to be discharged from  the uterus at partu-
rition.  A membrane, formerly defined to be the
outermost membrane of the foetus in utero; and
still so defined by some—as by Dr.  Lee.   Chaus-
sier calls it Epicho'rion :  by others, it has  been
called Membra'na cadu'ea Hunteri, M.flocculen'-
ta,  M. cellulo'sa,  M. sinuo'sa, 31. eommu'nis,  M.
praexis'tena, Decidua externa,  Tu'nica exterior
ovi, T. cadu'ea,  T. craaaa, Membra'na cribro'sa,
Membra'na  ovi  mater'na, M. muco'sa,  Decidua
spongio'so, Epio'ne, Placen'ta uteri succenturia'-
tua, Subplacen'ta, Membra'na u'teri  inter'na evo-
lu'ta, Nidamen'tum,  Anhia'tou8 membrane, (F.)
Caditque, O. vraie, Membrane caduque, Epiune,
Perione. Prior to the time of the Hunters, called
Cho'rion apongio'sum, C. tomento'sum, fungo'sum,
reticula'tum, Ac,  Tu'nica filamento'sa, Shaggy
Chorion, Spongy Chorion, Ac.  Great diversity
has prevailed, regarding this membrane and its
reflected portion.  It exists before the germ  ar-
rives in the uterus,—as it has been met with in
tubal and ovarial pregnancies;  and  is  occa-
sioned  by a new action, assumed by the uterine
vessels  at the moment of conception.  Chaussier,
Lobstein, Gardien, Velpeau and others  consider
it to be a sac, without apertures, completely li-
ning the uterus, and that when the ovum  descends
through the tube, it pushes the decidua before it,
and becomes enveloped in it, except at the part
destined to form the placenta,  That portion of
the membrane, which covers  the ovum, forms the
Membra'net  decid'ua reflex'a, (F.) Caduque refie-
chie, Membrane caduque  re/lechie,  according to
them ;—the part lining the uterus  being the De-
cidua U'teri.   Towards the  end of the fourth
month, the  decidua   reflexa disappears.   The 
DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE
271
DECOCTUM
very existence of a Tunica decidua reflexa  has,
however, been denied.  This last membrane has
received various names.  Dr. Granville, regard-
ing it as the external membrane of the ovum, has
termed it Cortex ovi.   It has also been termed
Involu'crum  membrana'ceum,  Membra'na   reti-
form'is cho'rii,  Membra'na filamento'aa, M. ad-
ventit"ia  and M. craaaa, Ovuline  and Decid'ua
protm'aa.   To the membrane which, according
to Bojanus and others, is situate between the
placenta and the uterus, and which he considers
to be produced at a later period than the decidua
vera, he gave the name membra'na decid'ua ae-
ro'tina.
   Histological researches seem to  show, that the
decidua is  an  altered condition  of  the lining
membrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion
filling the uterine tubular glands.  The decidua
reflexa is probably formed by the  agency of nu-
cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out
from tho decidua uteri; in the same  manner  as
the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from
plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem-
brane.  That  the decidua reflexa is  not a mere
inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown
by the fact, that  the  texture of  the two is by
no means identical.
   Decidua Protrusa, Decidua reflexa.
   DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem-
brana).
   DECIGRAMME, Decigram'ma, from deeimus,
'the  tenth  part,'  and  ypappa, 'gramme.'   The
tenth part of the gramme in weight; equal to a
little less than two grains, French; 1.543 Troy.
   DECLAIA'NA  FEBRIS,  from  decern., 'ten.'
An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every
10th day or every 9 days.  It is supposititious.
   DECLAMATION, Declama'ti,,, from de,  and
clamarc, ' to cry out.'   The art of depicting the
sentiments by inflections of the voice, accompa-
nied with  gestures, which render the meaning of
the  speaker more evident, and infuse  into the
minds of  the auditors the emotions with which
he is impressed.  Declamation may become the
cause of disease: the modification, produced  in
the pulmonary circulation,—accompanied by the
great excitement, sometimes experienced,—is the
cause of many morbid affections; particularly of
pneumonia, hasinoptysis, and apoplexy.   In  mo-
deration, it gives  a healthy excitement to the
frame.
  DECLIX. Decline.
  DECLINATIO, Decline.
  DECLINE,  Declina'tio, .Inclina'tio, Decre-
men'tum, Remia'aio, Parac'me, Paracma'aie,  (F.)
Declin, from de, and  clinare, 'to bend.' That
period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which the
symptoms begin  to abate in violence. A\re speak,
also, of the decline of life, or of the powers,  (F.)
Declin de  I'age, L'age de declin, when the phy-
sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac-
tivity and energy.  See Phthisis, and Tabes.
  DECLIVE,  (F.) Dccli'via.  from de,  'from,'
and  clims,  ' acclivity.'  Inclining downwards.
This  epithet is  applied to the most  depending
part of a tumour or abscess.
  DECOCTION, Decoc'tio, from  decoquere, 'to
boil,' (de and coquere,) Epse'sis, Apoz'esis, Zcsis,
Hcpse'aia,  Aphepaia, (F.) Decoction.  The opera-
tion of boiling certain ingredients in a fluid, for
the purpose of extracting  the parts  soluble at
that  temperature.   Decoction,  likewise, means
tho product of this operation, to which the terms
Decoctum. Zemo, Aphepae'ma, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema,
Hepse'ma, Chylua and Epae'mo, have been  ap-
plied  according  to ancient custom, in order to
avoid any confusion  between the operation  and
its product;—as praparatio is  used for the aot
of preparing; praparatum, for the thing prepared.
  Decoction  of Aloes,  Compound, Decoctum
aloes compositum — d. of Bark, Decoctum Cin-
chona?— d. of Barley, Decoctum hordei—d. of
Barley, compound, Decoctum hordei compositum
— d. Bitter, Decoctum amarum — d. of Cabbage
tree bark, Decoctum geoffra?as  inermis — d. of
Cassia, Decoctum cassia?—d. of Chamomile, De-
coctum anthemidis nobilis — d. of Cinchona, De-
coctum Cinchona? — d.  of Cinchona,  compound
laxative, Decoctum  kina?  kina? compositum et
laxans — d. of Colomba,  compound,  Decoctum
Calumba? compositum — d. of Dandelion, Decoc-
tum Taraxaei—d. of Dogwood, Decoctum Cornus
Florida?—d. of Elm bark, Decoctum ulmi—d. of
Foxglove, Decoctum digitalis—d. de Gayac com-
posee, Ac, Decoctum de Guyaco compositum —
d. of Guaiacum, compound, Decoctum Guaiaci
compositum — d. of Guaiacum, compound purga-
tive, Decoctum de Guayaco compositum — d. of
Hartshorn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti—d. of Hel-
lebore, white, Decoctum veratri — d.  of Iceland
moss, Decoctum cetraria? — d. of Liverwort, De-
coctum lichenis — d. of Logwood, Decoctum ha?-
matoxyli—d. of Marshmallows, Decoctum althaea?
— d. de Mauve composer., Decoctum malva? com-
positum— d. of Oak bark, Decoctum quercfis —
d. d'Orge, Decoctum hordei—d. d'Orge composee,
Decoctum hordei compositum—d. of Pipsissewa,
Decoctum chimaphila? — d. of Poppy, Decoctum
papaveris—d. of Quince seeds, Decoctum cydonia?
— d. de Quinquina composee et laxative, Decoc-
tum kina?  kina?  compositum et laxans — d. de
Salsapareille  composee, Decoctum  sarsaparilla?
compositum — d. of Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sar-
saparilla?— d. of Sarsaparilla, compound, Decoc-
tum sarsaparilla? compositum—d. of Sarsaparilla,
false, Decoctum  aralia? nudicaulis — d. of Squill,
Decoctum scilla?—d. of Uva ursi, Decoctum uva?
ursi — d. of the AVoods, Decoctum Guaiaci  com-
positum— d. of AVoody nightshade,  Decoctum
dulcamara?—d. of Zittmann, Decoctum Zittmanni.
  DECOCTUM, Decoction —d. Album, Mistura
cornu usti.
  Decoctum Al'oes  Compos'itum, Balsam of
Life, Compound Decoction of Aloes.   (Ext. glyc.
^'w.potaaa. subcorb.^ij, aloes spieat.ext.: myrrha
contrit.: croci stigmttt. aa Sjj> aqua Oj.   Boil to
f(^xij : strain, and add tinct. card. c. f^iv. Pharm.
L.)  The gum and  extractive  are dissolved in
this  preparation.  The alkali is added to take up
a little of the resin.   The  tincture prevents it
from spoiling.  It is  gently cathartic   Dose,
f^ss to ^ij.
  Decoctum Alth^e^e,  D. althaa officina'lis :
Decoction of Marsh-mallows, (F.) Decoction de
Guimauve.  (Rod. althaa sice £iv.  urar.passar.
§ij,  aqua, Ovij.   Boil to Ov.  Pour off the clear
liquor.  Pharm. E.)  It is used  as a demulcent.
  Decoctum Ama'rum; Bitter Decoction. (Rod.
gent. £}, aqua  Oijss.   Boil  for a quarter  of an
hour; add  species amara 3'.i-   Infuse for two
hours and filter,  without expi essing. Pharm. P.)
It is tonic.   Dose, f,5ss to t^ij.
  Decoctum Anthem'ipis Nob'ilis, D. Chama-
me'li;  Decoction  of  Cnam'omile.  (F/or. anthe-
mid. nobil. ^j, sem. carui "iv, aqua Ov.   Boil
for  fifteen minutes and strain.  Pharm. E.) It
contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis-
solved  in water.  It is  used, occasionally, as a
vehicle  for tonic powders, pills,  Ac, and in fo-
mentations and  glysfers;  but for the last  pur-
pose, warm water is equally  efficacious.   The
Dublin college has a compound decoction.
  Decoctum  Ara'lt.e Nudicau'lis ;  Decoction
of False Sarsaparilla.   (Aralia nudicaul. ^vj,
aqua Oviij.  Digest for four hours, and then boi] 
                 DECOCTUM                2

to four pints: press out and strain the decoction.
Former Ph. U. S.)  It is used as a stomachic,
but it is an unnecessary and laborious prepa-
ration.
  Decoctum Cassi.e; Decoction of Cassia. (Cas-
aia pulp. 3'ij, aqua Oij.  Boil for a few minutes,
filter without expression, and add ayrup. violin:
5J, or manna pur. ^ij.  (Pharm. P.)   It is  lax-
ative, in the dose ot'5vj.
  Decoctum  Cetra'ri^e, Decoction of Iceland
Moss.   (Cctrar. ^ss, aqua Oiss.   Boil  to a pint,
and strain with compression.   Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
f^iv to Oss, and more.
  Decoctum  Cham^emeli, Decoctum anthemidis
n.obilis.
  Decoctum Chimaph'il.e, Decoction ofPiipsis'-
sewa.  (Chimaph. contus. 5J,  aqua Oiss.  Boil to
a pint, and strain.  Pharm. U. S.)  Dose, f^iss.
  Decoctum Cincho'n.e, Decoctum Cinchona, D.
Oor'ticis Cinchona; Decoction of Cinchona, D.
of Bark. Decoctum Kina Kina.  (Cinchon.  cort.
contus.  ^j> aqua Oj.  Boil for ten minutes,  in a
slightly covered  vessel, and strain  while  hot.
Pharm. U. S.)  It contains quinia and resinous
extractive, dissolved in water.  Long coction ox-
ygenates and precipitates the extractive.  It can
be given, where the powder does not sit easy,
Ac'   Dose, f§j to §iv.
  The Pharmacopoeia of the  United States has a
Decoctum  Cinchona fiava, Decoction  of yellow
bark, and a Decoctum Cinchona rubra, Decoction
of red bark, both of which are prepared as above.
  Decoctum Colom'bje Compos'itum;  Compound
Decoction of Colombo.  (Colomb. contus., quassia,
aa gij, cort.  aurant.  %j, rhej pulv. Qj, potasaa
carbonat.  £ss,  aqua 3XX.   Boil to  a pint, and
add finer, lavand. f^ss. Former Ph. U. S.) Given
as a  tonic, but not worthy an officinal station.
  Decoctum Commune pro Clystere, D. malva?
compositum—d.Cornu cervini, Mistura cornu  usti.
  Decoctum  Cornus  Flor'idje,  Decoction of
Dogwood.   (Cornua Florid,  cont.  §j,  aqua Oj.
Boil  for ten  minutes in a covered  vessel,  and
strain while hot.   Pharm. U.  S.)  Dose, fSjiss.
  Decoctum  Cydo'ni^:,  Mucila'go Sem'inis Cy-
do'nii Mali, M. Sem'inum Cydonio'rum; Decoc-
tion  or Mu'cilage  of  Quince 8eede.   (Cydonia
aem.  ^ij, aqua Oj.  Boil for  ten minutes over a
gentle fire, and strain.  Pharm. L.)  It is merely
a solution of mucilage in water, and is  used  as a
demulcent.
  Decoctum Daphnes Meze'rei, Decoctum Me-
ze'rei, Decoction of Meze'reon. (Cort. rod. daphn.
mezerei, ^ij, rod.  glycyrrh. cont. ^ss,  aqua  Oiij.
Boil  over a gentle fire to Oij, and strain.)   The
acrimony  of  the  mezereon and the saccharine
mucilage of the liquorice root are imparted to the
water.  It is somewhat stimulant, and has been
used  in secondary syphilis; but is  devoid  of
power.  Dose f3 iij to ^vj.
  Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D. Guaiaci compo-
situm—d.  pro Enemate, D. malva? compositum.
  Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Fox-glove.
(Fol. digit, sice, gj, aqua q. s. ut colentur f'^viij.
Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, and
then remove it.  Digest for fifteen minutes, and
strain.  Pharm. D.)  It possesses the properties
of the plant.  Dose, f^ij to ^iij.
  Decoctum Dulcam'a'r^;, Decoction  of Woody
Nightshade.  (Dulcamara cont. 3J,  aqua Oiss.
Boil  to O.i, and strain.  Pharm. U. S.)   This de-
coction  has been considered diuretic and diapho-
retic, and  has  been administered extensively  in
bkin  diseases.   It is probably devoid of efficacy.
  Decoctum pro Fomento, D. papaveris.
  Df.coctum  Geoffr.e'.i: Inerm'is;   Decoction
of Callage-Tree Bark.  (Cort. geoffr. inermis  in
pulv. §j, Aqua Oij.  Boil over' a slow fire  to a
:2                DECOCTUM

 pint, and strain.  Pharm. E.)  It is  possessed
 of anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic proper-
 ties, and  has been chiefly used for the first of
 these purposes.   Dose, to  children,  f^'j — to
 adults, f^ss to 5ij.
   Decoctum Guaiaci Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci
 officina'lis compos'itum, Decoctum  Ligno'rum, D.
 de Guyaco compos'itum, D. sndorif'icum, D. dia-
 phoret'icum ;  Compound decoction of Guaiacum,
 Decoction of the Woods.   (Lign.  guaiac. rasur.
 g'rij, fruct. sice, vitis vinifer. !Jij, rati,  lauri. son-
 safr.  concis.,  rad. glycyrrh.  aa  -,],  aqua  Ox.
 Boil the Guaiacum and raisins over a slow fire to
 Ov: adding the roots towards the  end, then
 strain.  Pharm. E.)   It  is possessed of stimu-
 lant properties, and has been given in  syphilitic,
 cutaneous, and rheumatic affections.   The resin
 of the guaiacum is, however, insoluble in water,
 so that the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed
 to possess much,  if  any,  effect.  The Parisian
 Codex has a
   Decoctum de Guyaco Compos'itum et Pur-
 gans, (F.) Decoction  de Gayac Composee et Pur-
 gative ;  Compound purgative Decoction of Gua-
 iacum.  (Lign. guaiac. rasp., rad. sarsap. aa  5j,
 potass, carbonat. gr. xxv.  Macerate for twelve
 hours, agitating occasionally, in water Oiv, until
 there remain Oiij.   Then  infuse in it fol. sennas
 ^ij, rhej £j,  lign. sassafr., glycyrrh. rad. aa fiij,
 sem. coriand.  5Jj-   Strain  gently,  suffer  it to
 settle, and pour off the clear supernatant liquor.
 The title  sufficiently indicates the properties of
 the composition.
   Decoctum H^ematox'yli, Decoction of Log-
 wood.  (Hamatoxyl. rasur.  ^j,  aqua  Oij.  Boil
 to a pint,  and strain.   Pharm. U.  S.)
   Decoctum Hellebori  Albi, D.  veratri — d.
 Kina? kina?, D. Cinchona?.
   Decoctum Hor'dei, Decoctum, Hordei Bis'-
 tichi, Ptis'ana  Hippocral ica,  Tipsa'ria,  Tap-
 sa'ria, Aqua Hordea'ta,  Hydroeri'the,  Barley
 Water,  Decoc'tion  of Barley,  (F.)  Decoction
 d'Orge,  Tisane Commune.'  (Hord. ^ij, Aqua
 Oivss.   Wash  the barley  well, boil for  a  few
 minutes in water Oss:  strain this, and throw it
 away, and add the remainder, boiling.  Boil to
 Oij, and strain.  Pharm. L.)   It is nutritive and
 demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common drink,
 and in glysters.
   Decoc'tum  Hordei Compos'itum,  Decoctum
 pectora'le, Ptisana commu'nis;  Compound De-
 coction of Barley,  (F.) Decoction d'Orge com-
, posee.   (Decoct, hord. Oij, carica fruet. concis.
 ^ij, glycyrrh. rad. concis. et contus. ^ss, uvarmn
 pass, demptis acinis.  ^ij, aqua  Oj.  Boil to Oij,
 and strain.  Pharm. L.)  It  has similar proper-
 ties to the last.
   Decoctum Kinjb  Kin^e Compos'itum  et
 Laxans,  Decoction  de quinquina composee  et
 laxative;  Compound  lax'ative decoction  of Cin-
 chona.  (Cort. cinchon. 3;j, aqua Oij.  Boil for a
 quarter of an hour, remove it from the  fire; then
 infuse in  it for half  an hour, fol. senna, soda.
 sulph. aa 3'j : add syrup de senna f^j.) Its title
 indicates its properties.
   Decoctum Liche'nis, Decoctum Liehe'nis  Is-
 lan'dici;  Decoction of Liv'erwort.   (Lichen ^j,
 aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm.  L.)
 It consists of  bitter  extractive  and fecula, dis-
 solved in water, and  its operation is  tonic and
 demulcent.   Dose, f^j to  5iv.   It is also nu-
 trient, but hardly worthy of the rank of an offi-
 cinal preparation.
   Decoctum Lignorum, D. Guaiaci compositum.
   Decoctum  Malv.e  Compos'itum,  Decoctum
 pro cnem'ate, Decoctum commit''ne  pro  clyste're;
 Compound Decoction  of Mallow, (F.)  Decoction
 de Mauve composee.   (Malva exsicc. Jj, anthe- 
                  DECOCTUM               27

mid. flor. exsicc. Jss, aqua Oj.  Boil for fifteen
minutes and strain.)  It consists of bitter  ex-
tractive, and mucilage  in  water, and is  chiefly
used for clysters  and fomentations.  It is  un-
worthy a place in  the pharmacopoeias.
  Decoctum Mezerei, D. daphnes  mezerei—d.
Pectorale, D. hordei compositum.
  Decoctum Papav'eris,  Dccoc'tum  pro  Fo-
men'to, Fotus commu'nis;  Decoction of Poppy.
(Papav. somnif. capsul.  concis. ^iv, aqua Oiv.
Boil for fifteen  minutes, and strain.  Pharm. L.)
It contains the narcotic  principle of the  poppy,
and mucilage in water: is anodyne and emol-
lient, and  employed as  such in fomentation, in
painful swellings, ulcers, Ac.
  Decoctum Polygala: Senega, D. Senega?.
  Decoctum Quercus Alb^e,  D. Quercus Ro'-
boris;  Decoction of  White Oak Bark.  (Quercus
cort. ^j, aqua Oiss.  Boil to a pint, and  strain.
Pharm. U.  S.)   It is astringent, and used as
Bueh, in injections, in leueorrhcea, uterine hemor-
rhage,  Ac, as well as in the form of  fomentation
to unhealthy ulcers.
  Decoctum Sarsaparil'l.e, D. Smi'lacis Sar-
saparilla ; Decoction of Sarsaparilla.   (Sarsa-
parill. rad.  concis. 5 ly> aa- fervent. Oiv.  Mace-
rate for four hours, near the  fire, in a  lightly
covered vessel;  then bruise  the root; macerate
again for two hours; then boil to Oij, and strain.
Pharm. L.)  It contains  bitter extractive, and
mucilage in water; is demulcent,  and has been
used, although  it is  doubtful with what efficacy,
in the  sequela? of syphilis.  Dose, f^iv to Oss.
  Decoctum Sarsaparillje Compos'itum; Com-
pound Decoction of Sarsaparilla,  (F.) Decoction
de Salsapareille Composee.   (Sarsaparill.  concis.
efc contus. 3 vj, Sasaafr. Cort. concis., Lign. Guaiac.
rasur., Rad. Glycyrrhiz. contus. aa ^j, Mezerei,
concis. gi'j> Aqua  Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and
strain.  Pharm. U. S.)  This is considered to be
possessed of analogous properties to the celebrated
Liabon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tum Luaitan'icum, which
it resembles in  composition.
   Decoctum  ScilLjB;  Decoction of  Squill.
(Scilla, 25iij> juniper, ^iv, Senega,  ^iij,  Aqua,
Oiv.  Boil till one half the liquor is consumed;
strain, and add spirit of nitrous  ether,  f^iv.
Former Pharm. U. S.)   Dose, f^ss.
  Decoctum Sen'egje, D. Polyg'ala  Senega;
Decoction  of Senega.  (Seneg.  cont. ^j,  aqua
Oiss.   Boil to Oj, and strain.   Ph. U. S.)  It is
reputed to be diuretic, purgative, and stimulant,
and has been given in dropsy, rheumatism, Ac.
  Decoctum Smilacis Sarsaparill.*:, D. sarsa-
parilla?—d. Sudorificum, D. Guaiaci compositum.
  Decoctum Tarax'aci, Decoction of Dandelion.
(Taraxac. contus.  3;ij, aqua Oij.   Boil to a pint,
and strain.  Ph. U. S-)   Dose, f^iss.
  Decoctum Ulmi, D. Ulmi Campea'tria;  Decoc-
tion of Elm  Bark.   (Ulmi cort.  recent, cont. ^iv,
aqua Oiv.   Boil to Oij, and strain.  Pharm. L.)
It is a reputed diuretic, and has been  used in
lepra and herpes;  but, probably, has no efficacy.
Dose, f^iv to Oss.
  Decoctum Uv^e Ursi, Decoction of uva urai.
(Uva ursi, 5J, aqua, f.^xx- _Boil to a pint  and
strain.   Ph. U. S.)  Dose,  fgiss.
  Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum Helleb'ori albi;
Decoction of  White Hellebore^   (Vcratri  rad.
cont. 5J, aqua  Oij, spir. rec. fgij.   Boil the  wa-
tery decoction  to  Oj, and, when it  is cold,  add
the spirit.   Pharm. L.)   It is stimulant, acrid,
and cathartic;  but is used only externally.  It
is a useful  wash  in  tinea  capitia, psora,  Ac.
Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it
must be diluted.
  Decoc'tum Zittman'ni, Zitt'manna Decoction.
A most absurd farrago, extolled  by Theden in
       IS
3             DECUSSATION

 venereal diseases, the formula for which, accord-
 ing  to Jourdan,  "some blockheads have lately
 reproduced among us as a novelty."  It is com-
 posed of aaraaparilla,  pulvis  stypticus, calomel
 and cinnabar, boiled in water with aniseed, fennel
 seed, and liquorice root.  A stronger and a weaker
 decoction were directed by Zittmann.  Formula?
 for its preparation are  contained  in  Jourdan's
 Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lineke's Aroll-
 standiges Recept-Taschenbuch.  Leipz., 1S41.
   DECOLLEMENT, (F.) Deglutina'tio, Reglu-
 tina'tio,  (from de and colter,  'to  glue.')  The
 state of an organ that is separated  from the sur-
 rounding parts, owing to destruction of the areo-
 lar  membrane which  united  them.   The skin
 is de.coliee, i. e.   separated from the  subjacent
 parts, by a burn, subcutaneous abscess, Ac.
   DECOLLEMENT DU PLACENTA  is the
 separation or detachment of the whole or a part
 of the placenta from the inner surface of the ute-
 rus.  Decollement, from  de, 'from,' and  collum,
 ' the neck,' obtrunca'tio,  also means the separa-
 tion of the head of the foetus from the trunk, the
 latter remaining in the uterus.
   DECOLORATION,  Decolora'tio, Discolora'-
 tio,  from de,  'from,' and colorare, 'to  colour.'
 Loss of the natural colour;  Parachro'sis.  De-
 void of colour—Achroma'sia.
   In Pharmacy,  any process by which  liquids,
 or  solids  in  solution,  are deprived wholly or
 in part of their colour, — as by bringing them in
 contact with animal charcoal.
   DECOMPOSEE, (F.)  from de, 'from,' and
 componere,  'to compose.'   Decomposed, Disso-
 lu'tus. An epithet, applied to the face when ex-
 tensively changed in  its expression and colour;
 as in the choleric or moribund.
   DECORTICATION,  from  de,  'from,' and
 cortex, ' bark.'  An operation, which  consists in
 separating the bark from roots, stalks, Ac.
   DECOSTIS,  Apleu'ros,  from de, priv., and
 costa, ' a rib.'   One who has no ribs.
   DECREMENTUM, Decline.
   DECREP'ITUDE,  Decrepitu'do,  jEtas de-
 erep'ita,   Ultima senec'tus,  Senec'ta  decrep'ita
 seu extre'ma seu  summa seu ultima, from  decre-
 pit us, (de,  and crepare, 'to creak,') 'very old.'
 The last period of old  age,  and of human life;
 which ordinarily  occurs about the eightieth year.
 It may,  however, be accelerated or protracted.
 Its character  consists in the progressive series
 of phenomena which announce  the approaching
 extinction of life.
   DECRETORII DIES, Critical days.
   DECU'BITUS, from decumbere,  (de, and cum-
 bere, 'to lie,') 'to lie down.'  Cuba'tio.   Lying
 down. Assuming the horizontal posture, cu'bitus
 supi'nus ;  (F.) Coucher.  Hord  decubitus, 'at bed
 time.' The French say — Decubitus horizontal,
 sur le dos,  sur le  cote, for. lying in the horizontal
 posture,  on the back or side.
   DECURTATUS, ptiovpos, or  peiovpifar, from
 de,  and  curtus,  'short,'  'shortened, curtailed,'
 'running to a point.'  AVhen applied to the pulse,
 it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength
 of the arterial pulsations, which, at last,  cease.
 If the pulsations  return and gradually acquire all
 their strength, it is called Pulsus deevrta'tus re-
 cip'rocua.—Galen.
   DECUSSATION,  Decussa'tio, Chias'mos, In-
 crucia'tio,  Intersec'tio, Intricatu'ra,  from decussis,
 that is, decern assea; also, the figure of the letter
 X.  Union in the shape of an X  or cross.  Ana-
 tomists use this  term chiefly in  the case of the
 nerves — as the  decuaaotion of the optic  nerves,
 which cross each  other within the cranium.
2 
DECUSSORIUM
274
DEGREE
  _ DECUSSO'RIUM, from decutio, (de, and qua-
 tio,) ' I shake down.' An instrument used by the
 ancients, for depressing the dura mater, and faci-
 litating the exit of substances effused on or under
 that  membrane.  It is  described by  Scultetus,
 Pare, Ac.   See Meningophylax.
   DEDAIGNEUR, Rectus superior oculi.
   DEDENTITION, see Dentition.
   DEDOLATION, Dedola'tio,from dedolare, (de,
 and dolare,) 'to cut and hew with an axe.'  This
 word has been used by surgeons to express the
 action by which a cutting instrument divides ob-
 liquely any part of the body, and produces  a
 wound, with loss of substance.  It is commonly
 on the  head,  that wounds by dedolation are ob-
 served.  AVhen there was a  complete separation
 of a portion of the bone of the cranium, the an-
 cients called it Aposceparnis'mus.
   DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaccinium stami-
 neum.
   DEERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis.
   DEERS' TEARS, Bezoar of the Deer.
   DEFAILLAXCE, Syncope.
   DEFECATION, Defaca'tio, from de, and faces,
 'excrements.'  The  act  by vhich the excrement
 is extruded from the  body.   Caca'tio,  Excre'tio
 alvi, E.  alvi'na, E. facum alvina'rum,  Dejec'tio
 alvi,  Seces'sio, Expulsio vel  Ejec'tio facum,
 Apago'ge, Hypochore'.aia, Ecchorc'aia, Eccopro'aie,
 Eges'tio.  The fa?ces generally accumulate in the
 colon, being prevented by the annulus at the top
 of the rectum from descending.freely into  that
 intestine.  In producing evacuations,  therefore,
 in obstinate constipation, it is well, by means of
 a long tube, to throw the injection into the colon,
 as suggested by Dr. O'Beirne.
   In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation
 of any substance from a liquid in which it  may
 be suspended.  See Clarification.
   DEFECTIO ANIMI,  Syncope.
   DEFECTUS LOQUEL.E,  Aphonia —d.  Ve-
 neris, Anaphrodisia.
   DEFENSI'VUM, from defendere, (de, and fen-
 dere,) 'to  defend.'  A preservative or  defence.
 The old surgeons gave  this  name to  different
 local applications, made to diseased parts, for the
 purpose  of  guarding them from the impression
 of extraneous bodies,  and particularly from the
 contact  of air.
   DEF'ERENS,  from  defero, (de, and feme,) 'I
 bear away,' ' I transport.'
   Deferens,  Vas, Ductua seu Cona'lia deferens,
 Vibra'tor, (F.) Conduit apermatique, Conduit de-
 ferent, is the excretory canal  of the sperm, which
 arises from  the epididymis, describes numerous
 convolutions, and with the vessels and nerves of
 the testicle concurs in the formation of the sper-
 matic chord, enters the abdominal ring, and ter-
 minates in the ejaculatory duct.
  DEFIBRINATION, see Defibrinized.
  DEFIB'RINIZED,  (F.) Defibrine.  Deprived
 of fibrin.  A term applied to blood from which
 the fibrin has  been  removed, as  by  whipping.
 The act  of  removing fibrin  from the blood has
 been termed defibrination.
  DEFIGURATIO, Deformation.
  DEFLAGRATION, Deflagra'tio, from defla-
grare, (de,  and fiagrare, 'to burn,') 'to set on
fire.'  In pharmacy, the rapid combustion  of a
substance with flame;  great elevation of tempe-
rature ; violent motion, and more or less  noise.
Thus, we speak of the  deflagration of nitrate,
and of chlorate, of potassa, of gunpowder, Ac.
  DEFLECTENS, Derivative.
  DEFLECTIO, Derivation.
  DEFLORATION, Stuprum.
  Deflora'tion, Defiora'tio, Devirgina'tio,  Vir-
g'n'itas defiora'ta, from deflorescere, (de, and/o-
 rcscere,) 'to shed flowers.'  The act of depriving
 a female of her virginity. Inspection of the parts
 is the chief criterion of  defloration  having  been
 forcibly accomplished; yet inquiry must be made,
 whether the injury may not have been caused by
 another body than the male organ.  Recent de-
 floration is infinitely more easy of detection than
 where some time has elapsed.
   DEFLUVIUM, Aporrhcea—d. Pilorum, Alo-
 pecia.
   DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Diarrhoea—d. Catarrha-
 lis, Influenza.
   DEFLUX'ION,  Deflux'io,  Deflux'us, Catar'-
 rhyeie, Hypor'rhyai8, Catar'rhus.  A falling down
 of humours from  a superior to an inferior part.
 It is sometimes used synonymously with inflam-
 mation.
   DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery.
  DEFORMATION, Deforma'tio, Cacomor'phiu,
 Cacomorpho'aie, Dyamor'phe, Dyamor'phia, Dys-
 morpho''sis, Deform'itas, Defigura'tio, Disfigura'-
 tion,  Deform'ity,  Inform'itas,  (F.) Difformite,
 from  de,  and forma.  Morbid  alteration  in the
 form  of some  part of the body, as of the head,
 pelvis,  spine,  Ac.   A deformity may be  natural
 or accidental.
  DE'FRUTUM, (F.)Vim cuit,from defrutare, 'to
 boil new wine.' Grape must, boiled down to one-
 half and  used as a sweetmeat. — Plin.  Columell.
 Isidor.   See Rob.
  DEFUSIO,  Decantation.
  DEGENERATIO,  Degeneration — d. Adiposa
 Cordis, Steatosis cordis.
  DEGENERATION,  Degeneratio, Notheu'sis,
 Nothi'a, from degener, 'unlike one's ancestors,'
 (de, and genus, 'family,') Degen'eracy, (F.) Aba-
 tardissement.  A change for the worse in the in-
 timate composition of the solids or fluids  of the
 body.   In  pathological  anatomy,  degeneration
 means the change  which occurs in the  structure
 of an organ, when transformed into a matter es-
 sentially morbid;  as  a canceroua, or tubercular,
 degeneration.
  Degenereacence is, by the French pathologists,
 employed synonymously  with Degeneration.
  DEGENERESCENCE,  Degeneration —
 d. Graisseuse du Foie,  Adiposis hepatica—d. Gra-
 nuUe  du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the—
 d. Noire, Melanosis.
  DEGLUTINATIO, Decollement.
  DEGLUTITIO,  Deglutition—d. Difficilis, Dys-
phagia,—d. Impedita, Dysphagia—d. Laesa, Dys-
phagia.
  DEGLUTIT'TON,  Deglntil'io, Catap'osis,
from de, and glutire, 'to  swallow.'   The act by
which substances are passed from the mouth into
the stomach, through the pharynx and oesopha-
gus.   It is  one of a complicated  character, and
requires the aid  of a considerable  number  of
muscles; the first  steps being voluntary, the re-
mainder executed  under spinal and involuntary
nervous influence.
  DEGMUS, Dexia, Moraua, (F.) Moraure, — a.
bite in general, from laxvw, ' I bite.'  A gnawing
sensation about the upper orifice of the stomach,
which  was  once attributed to  acrimony of the
liquids contained in that  viscus.
  DEGORGEMENT, Disgorgement.
  DEGOUT, Disgust.
  DEGREE', from degre, originally from gradus,
'a step.'  A title conferred by a college,—as the
' degree of Doctor of Medicine.'   Galen  used this
expression to  indicate the qualities of  certain
drugs.  Both he and his school  admitted cold,
warm, moist, and dry medicines, and  four  differ-
ent 'degrees' of each of those  qualities.   Thus,
Apium was warm  in  the first degree, Agrimony 
DEGUSTATION
275
DELPHINIUM
In the second, Roche Alum in the third, and Gar-
lic in tho fourth.   Bedegar was cold in the first,
the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the
Sempervivum in the third, Opium in  tho fourth,
Ac  The French use  the term degre  to indicate,
1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the
first, second, third degree, Ac.  2. The particular
stage of an incurable disease, as the third  degree
of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, Ac.
   DEGUSTATION,  Degusta'tio, from de, and
giistare, ' to taste.'  Gustation.  The appreciation
of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs.
   DEI.CTICOS, Index.
   1)EIRONC US,  Bronchocele.
   DEJECTEDNESS, Depression.
   DE.IECT10  ALVI,  Defecation — d. Alvina,
Excrement.
   DEJECTION,  from  dejicere,  dcjectum, (de,
t\nd jacere,) 'to cast down.' Dejec'tio, Subduc'tio,
Uypago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Hypecchore'sis, Apop'-
atus, liypop'atus, Hypoph'ora.  The expulsion of
the fa?ees;—Ejec'tio, Eges'tio. Also, a fo?cal dis-
charge or stool,—generally, however, with alvine
prefixed,—as an alvine Dejection, Alvus vir'idia,
Dejectio alvi'na.   Also,  depression of spirits.
   DEJECTIONES NIGR.E, Mehena.
   DEJECTORIUM, Cathartic.
   DELACHRYMATTO, Epiphora.
   DELACHRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus.
   DE LA PS 10, Prolapsus.
   DELAPSUS, Prolapsus—d. Palpebrae, Blepha-
roptosis.
   DELATIO, Indication.
   DELA YANTS, Diluentia.
   DELCROIX'S   DEPILATORY,  see Depila-
tory. Colley's.
   DELETE'RIOUS,  Delefte'rius,  Pernicio'sus,
(F.) Pernieieux,  from  InXew, 'I injure.'  That
which  produces destructive disorder in the exer-
cise and harmony  of the functions.
   DELETERIUM, Poison.
   DELIGATIO,  Deligation, Ligature, see Ban-
dage.
   DELIGATION, Deliga'tio, Epidelsia, Deli-
gatu'ra,  Vul'nerum deliga'tio, Faacia'rum Appli-
ca'tio, Plaga'rnm  Vinctu'ra,  Faacia'tio, from  de-
ligare, (de, and ligo,) 'to bind.'  The deligation
of wounds formerly embraced the application of
apparatus,  dressings,  Ac, — the  denomination
Deliga'tor Plaga'rum being synonymous with
Mediate Vulnera'rius, and in  derivation, with  the
Wundarzt. 'wound physician' or surgeon, of the
Germans.  Deligation is hardly ever used now.as
an English word.  In France, it is applied to  the
regular and  methodical application of  bandages,
and to the ligature of arteries.
   DKL1GATURA, Deligation.
   DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'eens, from deli-
quescere,  (de, and liquescere,) 'to melt,'  'to dis-
solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract-
ing moisture from the air.  The  deliquescent
salts require to be kept in bottles, well stopped.
Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate
of potassa, are examples of such salts.  The  an-
cient chemists expressed the  condition of a body,
which had become liquid in  this manner, by  the
word Dcliquium.
   DELIQUIUM ANTMI, Syncope.
   DELIRANS, Delirious.
   DELIRAXT, Delirious.
   DELIRATIO,  Delirium — d. Scnum, see De-
mentia.
   DEL IRE, Delirium — d. Crapuleux, Delirium
tremens—d.  Tremblant, Delirium tremens.
   DELIRIA, Insanity.
   DELIR'IOUS.   Same  etymon  as Delirium.
Dcllrans, Dellrus,  Excerebra'tua,  Alloch'ooa,
Aiie'nua, Parale'rus, Raving.  (F.) Delirant. One
who is in a state of delirium.   That which is at-
tended by delirium.  The French  use  the  term
Fievre pemicieuae delirante for a febrile inter-
mittent, in which delirium is  the predominant
symptom.
  DELIRTUM,  from  de, 'from,' and  lira,  'a
ridge between two furrows :'  Parac'ope, Phrenl-
tia,  Phledoni'a, Desipien'tia, Aphros'yne, Para-
lere'ma, Paralere'eia,  Paralog"ia, Phanta'sia,
Paraphroa'yne,  Emo'tio, Leroa, Pararioe'a, Al-
loph'aaia,  Delira'tio,   (F.)  Delire,  Egarement
d'esprit, Ac, Transport, Ideosynchysie.   Stray-
ing from the  rules of reason ; wandering of the
mind.  Hippocrates used the word pavia, mania,
for  delirium  sine febre, and  the  Greek words
given above for delirium cum febre.  In different
authors, also, we find the words, Paraph'ora, Pa-
raph'rotea, Poraphrene'' ais,Paraphren'ia,Phrene''-
aia, Phrcnetlaaie, Ac,  for different kinds of deli-
rium.  Delirium is usually symptomatic.
  Delirium Ebriositatis, D. tremens — d. Epi-
leptic, see  Epilepsy — d.  Furiosum, Mania — d.
Maniacum, Mania—d. Potatorum, D. tremens—
d. Tremifaciens, D. tremens.
  Delirium Senile, see Dementia.
  Delirium Tremens, Ma'nia d Potd,  OEnoma'-
nia, Ma'nia e temulen'tid, D. potato'rum, D. ebri-
oeita'tia, D. tremifa'ciena, D.  vig"ilans, Erethis'-
mns ebrioao'rum, Dipsoma'nia, Meningitis seu
Phrenitis potato'rum,  Tromoma'nia, Tromopjara-
nce'a,  Potoparance'a,  Pototromoparance'a, (F.)
Encephalopathie crapuleuse, Delire tremblant, D.
crapuleux,  Folie des Ivrognes.  A  state of deli-
rium  and agitation, peculiar to those addicted to
spirituous liquors, with great sleeplessness.  It is
preceded by indisposition,  lassitude, watchful-
ness,  headaeh,  and anorexia; the delirium and
tremors most commonly recurring in paroxysms.
It is caused by  the habitual and intemperate use
of ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco;'or rather
by  abandoning  them after prolonged use.   The
treatment is  various.   Many have regarded sti-
mulants, with  large doses of opium to induce
rest, to be indispensable.  It is certain, however,
that the expectant system will often, if not gene-
rally, be successful; and, it  is probable, a euro
effected in this manner will  be more permanent
than when produced by excitants.
   DELIRUS, Delirious.
  DELITESCENCE, see Repercussion.
  DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion.
  DELIVRANCE, (F.)  An expression, which,
in common language, signifies the action of deli-
vering, libera'tio, but in the practice of obstetrics,
means the extrusion  of the  secundines, tither
spontaneously or by the efforts of art.  This com-
pletion of delivery—partus secunda'riua, secundi-
iitlrum expulsio vel extrac'tio, is produced by
the same laws  as the expulsion  of the foetus.
Sometimes, the  after-birth follows the  child im-
mediately ; at others, it is retained : and requires
manual interference to remove it.  The following
are the chief cases in which this becomes neces-
sary.  1. Intimate adhesion between the placenta
and paries of the uterus.  2.  Spasmodic contrac-
tion of the orifice of the uterus.  3., Hour-glass
contraction.  4. Torpor or hemorrhage after  the
expulsion of the child, and,—5. Insertion of the
placenta at the orifice  of the uterus.
   DELIVERY, FALSE, False water.
   DELIVRE, Secundines.
   DELOCATIO, Luxatio.
   DELPHINIUM,  from  leXtpis,  or leXtpiv, 'a
dolphin,' which the flowers  resemble.   D. con-
solida seu Seg"etum seu Veraic'tlor, Calcitra'pa,
Coneol'ida Rega'lie,  Branching Larkspur.  Stag- 
DELPHYS
276
DENGUE
gerwecd.   Family  Ranunculacea?.   Sex.  Syst.
Polyandria  Trigynia.  (F.) Pied  d'alonette  des
champs.  It has been  employed as a vermifuge.
The flowers have  been used in ophthalmia, and
the seeds have  the same  property  as those of
Stavesacrc.
  Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium — d. Se-
getum,  Delphinium.
  Delphin'ium  Staphisa'gria.   The systematic
name of the Stavea'acre, Staphiaagria, Phtheiroc'-
tonum,  Phthelrium, Staphia, Pedicula'ria, (F.)
Staphiaaigre,  Herbe  aux  Poux,  Dauphinelle.
The seeds have a disagreeable smell; a nauseous,
bitterish, hot taste ;  and  are cathartic, emetic,
aud vermifuge: owing, however, to the violence
of  their operation, they are seldom  given inter-
nally, and are chiefly used  in powder, mixed with
hair powder,  to destroy lice.  The  active prin-
ciple of this plant has been separated, and re-
ceived  the name  Delphin'ia.   It is  extremely
acrid, and has been recently used, like veratria,
in  tic douloureux, paralysis and rheumatism.  It
is used in the form of  ointment, or in solution in
alcohol, (gr. x to  xxx, or  more, to  §j,) applied
 externally.
   Delphinium  Versicolor, Delphinium.
   DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva.
   DELTA, Vulva,
   DELT1FORMIS, Deltoid.
   DELTOID, Deltoi'des,  Delto'dea, Delto'ideua,
 Deltiform'is,  from the Greek  capital letter A,
 leXra,  and eilos,  ' resemblance.'  Soua-acromio-
 clavi-humeral of  Dumas; Sus-acromio-humeral
 of Chaussier.   A triangular muscle forming the
 fleshy  part of  the shoulder, and  covering the
 shoulder-joint.  It extends from the outer third
 of the  clavicle, from the acromion  and  spine of
 the scapula, to near the middle and outer part
 of the  os humeri, where it is inserted by means
 of a strong tendon.   This muscle raises the arm
 directly upwards, when the shoulder is fixed, and
 carries it anteriorly or posteriorly, according  to
 the direction of the fibres, which are thrown into
 action.  If the arm be rendered immovable, the
 deltoid acts inversely and depresses the shoulder.
    DELUSION, Hallucination.
    DEM  EL  MUCA.   A name given by Prosper
 Alpinus  to a disease, which, he  says, is proper
 to Egypt.  He  considers it to be inflammation  of
 the brain ; but others describe it as a pernicious
 intermittent.
    DEMAGNETIZ AT 10 N, Demagnetisa'tio.
 The act of removing the condition of  magneti-
 zation.
    DEMANGEATSON, Itching.
    D^MANUS, Acheir.
    DEMEXCE, Dementia—d. Innee, Idiotism.
    DEMENTED,  Insane.
    DEMENTIA, Amen'tia,  Fatu'itaa,  Ance'a,
 Anoe'sia, Deuterance'a, Ecnce'a, Parance'a, Mo'-
 ria  demens,  Noiisthenla, Incohe'rency, Imbecil-
 ity, Incohe'rent  Insanity; from  de, 'from,' or
  ' out of,' and mens, 'mind,' or 'reason.'  (F.) Z>e-
  menee, Betisc.  In common parlance, and even
  in legal language, this word is synonymous with
  insanity.  Physicians, however,  have applied it
  to those  cases of unsound mind which are cha-
 racterized by a total loss of the faculty of thought,
  or by such an  imbecility of  intellect  that the
  ideas  are extremely incoherent, there being at
  the same time a total loss of  the  power of rea-
  soning.   Mania  and melancholy are apt to end
  in this, if possible, more deplorable state. Dotage
  is the Dementia of the aged—Mo'ria demens lere'-
  in", Lere'ma, Lere'sis,  Lerus,  Delira'tio Senum,
  Amen'tia  Seni'lis, Pueril'itaa, Delir'ium Senile,
  Anilitaa, Senile  Insanity, Senile  Dementia,  In-
  sanity of the aged,—a form of moral insanity, in
which the whole moral character of the individual
is changed.                                ,
  DEMI, Serai—d. Bain, Semieiipium—d. Epi-
nenx, Semi-spinalis  colli — d.  Epineux du dos,
Semi-spinalis  dorsi — d. Gantelet,  Gantelet—d.
Interosseux du pouce. Flexor brevis pollicis ma-
nus— d. Lunaire,  Semi-liinar — d. Membraneux,
Semi-membranosus — d. Orbicularis, Orbicularis
oris-—d. Tendineux, Semi-tendinosus.
  DEMISSIO ANI MI, Depression.
  DEMISSOR,  Catheter.
  DEMODEX FOLLICULORUM, (l.mos, 'lard,'
and ln^, ' a boring worm,') Acarus follieulorum.
  DEMONOMA'NIA, Damonomania, Iheomn'-
nia, Entheoma'nia, from laipwv, 'demon,' a spirit
of good or evil, and pavia, ' madness.'  Religious
insanity.  A variety of  madness, in which  the
person  conceives himself possessed of devils, nnd
is in continual  dread of malignant spirits,  the
pains of hell, Ac.
  DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from  demonstrare,  (de
and monstrare,) 'to show;' 'exhibit.'   One who
exhibits. The index finger.
   Dem'onstrator of Anat'omy.  One who  ex-
hibits the parts of the human  body.  A teacher
 of  practical anatomy.
   DEMOTI'ATJS  LAPSUS,  Repentlna  mors,
 from demovere,  (de and movere,) 'to  move  off,'
 'remove,' and lapsus, 'a fall.'  Sudden death.
   DEMUL'CENTS, Demulcen'tia,  Jnvolven'tia,
 Obvolven'tia, Lubrican'tia, from demulcere,  (de
 and  mulcere,) 'to  soothe,' 'to assuage.'  (F.)
 Adoucissants.  Medicines supposed to bo capable
 of  correcting certain acrid conditions  imagined
 to  exist in the humours.   Substances of a muci-
 laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class.
 Demulcents  may  act  directly  on the parts with
 which they come  in contact;  but in other cases,
 as  in catarrh, their effect is produced by contigu-
 ous  sympathy;  the  top  of  the  larynx being
 soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed
 portion of the air-passages.   In diseases  of the
 urinary organs, they have no  advantage over
 simple diluents. — See Diluents and Emollients.
 The following are the chief demulcents ;—Acaciae
 Gummi; Althaea? Folia et Radix; Amygdala?;
 Amylum; Avena? Farina; Cera; Cetaceum; Cy-
 donia?   Semina;  Fucus  Crispus;   Glyeyrrhiza;
 Hordeum;  Lichen; Linum ; Oliva? Oleum ;  Sas-
 safras Medulla; Sesamum; Sevum; Tragacantha,
 and Ulmus.
    DEMUSCULATUS, from  de,  and muscnlus,
 'a muscle.'   (F.) Dechame.   Emaciated, devoid
 of flesh.
    DENJ5US, Chronic.
    DENA'RIUS; a Rbman coin, equal in value
 to  about 10 cents, or 8 pence  English.   It waa
 marked with the letter X, to  signify 10 asses.
    Also, the 7th part of the Roman ounce.
    DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus.
    DENERA'ATIO, Aponeurosis.
    DEN'GUE,  Dingee, Dunga, Dandy,  Bouquet
  and Bucket Fever,  Rheumatis'mus febri'lis, Scar-
  latina rhenmal'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro'sia, Plan-
  ta'ria, Febris exanthemat'ica articula'ris, (F.) Gi-
  raffe,  Erup'tive  artic'ular fever, E.  rheumat'ic
  fever.  A disease, which first appeared in the years
  1827 and 1828, in the West  Indies, and in the
  southern states  of North America,  It  was ex-
  tremely violent  in its  symptoms, but not  often
  fatal.  It usually commenced  with great languor,
  chilliness,  and pain  in  the  tendons about tho
  smaller joints.  To  these  symptoms succeeded
  burning heat  and redness of the  skin, pains in
  the muscles of the limbs  or in the forehead, with
  vomiting or nausea.   The fever  continued  for
  one, two or three days, and usually terminated
  by copious perspiration.   In different places, it 
DENIACH
277
DENTIFRICE
put on different appearances ; but seems in all to
have  been a singular variety of rheumatic fever.
The usual antiphlogistic treatment was adopted,
and successfully.
  DENIACH,  MINERAL  AVATERS OF.   De-
niach is a village in  Swabia, at the entrance of
the Black Forest.   The waters contain carbonic
acid,  carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime,  sul-
phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda.
  DENIG RATIO,  from denigrare, (de, and ni-
ger,)  'to become black.'  The act of becoming
black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugillation, Ac.
  DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon  taraxa-
cum.
  Dens  Pro'lifer.  A term used by Bartholin
for a supernumerary tooth,  which  appears to
grow upon a primitive or parent tooth.
  DENT, Tooth—d. de Saqeaae, see Dentition.
  DENTAGOGUM, Dentag'ra.
  DEN'TAGRA, Den'ticeps,Dentar'paga, Denti-
 du'eum, Dcntic'ulum, Dentago'gum, Denta'lia for-
 fe.r,  I'orfex denta'ria, Odonthar'paga, Odon'ta-
 gra, Odontago'gon, from dene,  ' a tooth,' and aypa,
 'a  seizure.'  (F.) Davier.   A tooth-forceps.
   DENTAL, Denta'lia, Dcnto'riua, Dentiltua,
 Deiiticiila'tus, from  dene, 'a tooth.'   That which
 concerns the teeth.   See Dentiformis.
   Dental  Arches,  (F.) Arcodea dentaires, are
 the arches formed by the range of alveoli in  each
 jaw.
   Dental  Ar'teries  are  those arteries which
 noarish  the teeth.  They proceed from several
 sources.  The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re-
 ceive their arteries  from  the infroorbitar and
 superior  alveolar, — themselves  branches of the
 internal maxillary.   The teeth of the lower jaw
 receive their branches from  the inferior dental
 or  inferior maxillary, which is given off by the
 internal maxillary, and runs through the dental
 canal, issuing  at the mental foramen, after  hav-
 ing given  numerous ramifications to  the  teeth
 and jaw.
   Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, Max'-
 Mary canals.  The bony canals, through which
 the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the
 teeth.
    Dental Car'tilage, Cartila'go denta'lis.  The
 cartilaginous elevation, divided by slight fissures,
 on the  biting margins of the  gums in  infants,
 prior to dentition.  It is a substitute for the teeth.
   Dental Cav'ity,  (F.) Carite  dentaire. A ca-
 vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate
 the dental pulp.
   Dental FoL'LiCLE,/oMic'M7tw Dentis, Cap'sula
 dentis, (F.) Follicule dentaire.   A membranous
 follicle,  formed of  a double lamina, in which the
 teeth are contained before they issue from the
 alveoli,  and which, consequently, aids in the for-
 mation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of
 the membrane that envelops the pulp of the teeth.
 The dental follicles  are  lodged  in the substance
 of the jaws.
    Dental Gangrene, Caries Den'tium, Odon-
 talg"ia  cario'sa, Odontonecro'sis, Odontosphacel -
 is is,  Odontosphacel is'inns,  Xecro'sis  Den'tium,
 (F.) Curie des Dents.  Gangrene or caries of the
 teeth.   See Caries.
    Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfs dentaires. Nerves
 which pass to the  teeth.  Those of the upper in-
 cisors and  canine are furnished by the infra-or-
 bitar nerve, a branch of the  superior maxillary;
 and  those of the molarcs by  the  trunk of the
 same nerve.   The teeth of the lower jaw receive
 the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as
 well as the superior maxillary,  arises  from the
 5th pair.
    Dental Pulp,  Pulpa seu A'u'cleua  seu  Sub-
 stantia pulpo'aa  dentis, Germen denta'le, [F.)
Pulpe dentaire.  A pultaceous substance, of a
reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which
fills the cavity of the teeth.   It is well supplied
with capillary vessels.
   Dental Surgeon, Dentist.
   Dental A'eins have a similar distribution with
the arteries.
   DENTALIS, Odontoid —d. Forfex, Dentagra.
   DENTA'LIUM,  from deua, 'a tooth,' the dog-
like tooth shell.  A genus of shells in the shape
of a tooth.  They  formerly entered into  several
pharmaceutical preparations,  but were  useless
ingredients ; consisting—like  shells in general—
of carbonate of lime and gelatin.
   DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago
Europsea,
   DENTARIUS, Dentist.
   DENTARPAGA, Dentagra.
   DEN TATA VERTEBRA,  Axis.
   DENTATUS, Dental.
   DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europa?a.
   DENTELE  ANTERIEUR PETIT,   Pecto-
ralis minor—d. Grand, Serratus magnus—d.Pos-
terieur et inferieur, petit, Serratus  posticus infe-
rior— d. Superieur, petit, Serratus posticus  su-
perior.
   DENTES, Teeth, see Tooth —d. Angulares,
Canine teeth — d. Canini,  Canine  teeth — d. Cla-
vales, Molar teeth—d. Columellares, Canine teeth
—d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth—d. Cuspidati, Canine
teeth—d. Dichasteres,  Incisive teeth — d. Gela-
sini, Incisive teeth — d.  Gomphii, Molar teeth —
d. Ineisores, Incisive teeth—d. Lactei, see Denti-
tion— d. Lauiarii,  Canine  teeth — d. Maxillares,
Molar teeth—d. Molares,  Molar teeth — d. Mor-
dentes, Canine teeth—d. Oculares, Canine teeth—
d. Primores, Incisive teeth — d. Rasorii, Incisivo
teeth — d. Sapientia?, see Dentition — d. Serotini,
see Dentition—d. Sophroretici, see Dentition—d.
Sophronista?, see  Dentition — d. Sophrouisteres,
see Dentition—d. Tomici,  Incisive teeth.
   DENTICEPS, Dentagra.
   DENTICULATUM,  (Ligamentum,)  diminu-
tive of dens, 'a tooth.'   Ligamen'tum denta'tum,
Membra'na denta'ta.  A slender cord, situate  be-
tween the anterior and posterior fasciculi of  the
spinal nerves, and between the tunica arachnoi-
 dea and pia mater.  It is attached  to the dura
mater, where that membrane issues from the cra-
 nium, and accompanies the spinal marrow to its
 inferior extremity.   It sends off, from its outer
 edge,  about twenty slender processes, in the form
 of denticuli, each of which passes outwards and
 connects itself with the dura mater in the inter-
 vals between the anterior and posterior roots of
 the nerves.                              ,
   DENTICULATUS, Dental.
   DENTICULUM, Dentagra.
   DENTICULUS, Crena.
   DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra.
   DEXTIER,  (F.) from  dens, ' a tooth.'  Den-
 ture.  A set or row of  teeth,  mounted on metal
 or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar margin.
 Dentiers are simple or double.  To the latter, that
 is, to the full set, the name Hoteliers is given.
   DENTIFORM,  Dentiform'ia,  from  dene, 'a
 tooth,' and forma, 'form.' Resembling  a tooth
 in shape.                                /
   DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid.
   DENTIFRICE.  Dentifric"ium,  Remed'ium
 dentifric"ium.  Tooth powder,  Tooth paate, Odon-
 totrini'ma. Otlontoameg'ma, from dens, ' a  tooth.
 and fricare, ' to rub:'  a name given to  different
 powders and pastes proper for cleansing the ena-
 mel of the teeth, and removing tne tartar whicn
j covers  them.   Powdered bark  and  charcoal,
| united to any acidulous salt—as cream of tartar
I —form one of the most common de. it if rices. 
DENTINAL
278
DEOBSTRUENT
   Electuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Codex,
consists of coral giv, cuttlefish bones and cinna-
mon, aa ^ij, cochineal ^ss, honey gx, alum gr. iv
or v.
   Pondre Dentifrice of the  Parisian  Codex is
composed of Bole Armeniac, red coral, [prepared,]
and cuttlefish bones, aa J5VJ> dragon's blood ,5iij>
cochineal ^j, cream of tartar ^ix, cinnamon y ij,
cloves, gr. xij, well mixed.
   Charcoal,  finely powdered and  mixed  with
chalk, forms as  good a dentifrice as  any.
   DENTINAL, Dentina'lis, from dens, 'a tooth.'
Relating to the  dentine of the teeth.
   DENTINE,   see  Tooth — d.  Secondary, see
Tooth.
   DENTISCAL'PIUM, from dens, 'a tooth,'and
ecalpere,  ' to  scrape.'    Odonto'glyphum.   This
word has been  applied to the  instrument used
for scaling  the  teeth;  to the   tooth-pick, (F.)
Cure-dent;  and to the gum lancet,—the dechaus-
aoir of the French.
   DENTTST, Dentia'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'riua,
Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist.  One who de-
votes himself to the study of the diseases of the
teeth,  and their treatment.
   DENTISTRY,  Odontotech'ny,  Odontiatri'a,
Odontotherapla, Dental  Surgery.   The art of
the dentist.
   DENTITIO, Dentition—d. Difficilis, Dysodon-
tiasis.
   DENTIT"ION,  Dentil'io, Dentltis,  Odonto-
phy'ia, Teething, Odontlaaia, Odonto'aia,  from
dentire, ' to breed teeth.'   The exit of  the  teeth
from the alveoli and gums; or rather the pheno-
mena which  characterize the  different periods of
their  existence.   The germs of the first teeth,
dentea  lac'tei or milk teeth, (F.) dena de lait, are
visible in the foetus about the end of the  second
month; and they begin to be ossified  from the
end of the third to that of the sixth month.  At
birth, the corona of the incisors is formed, but
that of the canine is not completed; and  the tu-
bercles of the  molares are  not  yet all united.
Gradually the fang becomes  developed;  and at
about  six or eight months begins what is  com-
monly called, theirs* dentil'ion, Odon'tia denti-
tio'nia  locton'tium.  The two  middle incisors  of
the lower jaw commonly appear first; and, some
time afterwards, those of the upper jaw; after-
wards, the two lateral incisors of the lower jaw;
and then those of the upper, followed by the four
anterior molares : the canine or eye-teeth, at first,
those of the lower, and, afterwards,  those of the
upper jaw, next appear; and, subsequently and
successively,  the first 4 molares—2 above and 2
below,  1 on  each side.  The whole  number  of
the primary, temporary, deciduous,  sheddinq  or
milk-teeth, (dentes tempora'rii,) (F.) Dents de lait,
is now 20.
  The  eruption of the milk-teeth takes place, ap-
proximately, in  the following  order :

  Central incisors........6th to 8th month.
  Lateral incisors........7th to 10th month.
  First molar............12th to 14th  month.
  Canines...............15th to 20th month.
  Second molar..........20th to 30th  month.

  The  second dentition or  shedding  of the teeth,
odon'tia dentitio'nis puerllis, Dedentit"ion, be-
gins about the age of 6 or 7.  The germs or mem-
branous follicles of these  second teeth —to the
number of 32—as well as the rudiments of the
teeth themselves, are visible, even in the foetus,
with the exception of those of the small molares,
which  do not appear till after birth.  They are
contained in  alveoli of the same  shape as those
if the  first  dentition.   Their ossification com-
mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the
incisors  and first molares;   at  eight  or nine
months, in the canine; about three years, in the
molares, 3J  in  the second  great molares,  and
about 10 years in the last.  As the alveolus of a
new  tooth becomes  gradually augmented, the
septum between it and that of the corresponding
milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears.   The root
of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona
becomes loose and falls out, and all the first teeth
are  gradually replaced by the permanent teeth,
Den'tea aerot'ini.  This second dentition becomes
necessary in consequence of the increased size
of the jaws.  The new teeth have neither the
same direction  nor the same shape as  the old;
and they are more numerous, amounting till the
age  of 25,  (sooner or later,) to 28.  About this
period, -a small molaris appears at the extremity
of each jaw, which is called Dena sapien'tia  or
wisdom tooth, Dens serot'inus, Dena sophrorelicua,
D.  aophronis'ta, D. aophronis'ter, (F.)  Arriire-
dent, Dent de aagease, making the whole number
of permanent teeth 32.
  The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark-
able for its general regularity; so that it consti-
tutes an important means for ascertaining the
age  of the individual  during the  early period of
life.
     First molars.................7th year.
     Central incisors..............8th year.
     Lateral incisors..............9th year.
     First bicuspids..............10th year.
     Second bicuspids............11th year.
     Canines....................12th year.
     Second molars...............13th year.

  The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few
weeks those of the upper.
  During the period of dentition, that is. of the
first  dentition, the infant is especially liable to
disease;—the irritation, produced by the pressure
of the tooth on  the superincumbent gum, some-
times occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea,
Ac,  which symptoms are often strikingly relieved
by a free  division of the distended gum.  This
disordered condition is called Teething,  Odon'tia
dentitio'nis, Odontlaaia,  Odontalgia dentitio'nia,
Odttxis'mua.
  DENTITIS,  Dentition.
  DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth—
d. Dolor, Odontalgia—d. Nitor, Enamel of the
teeth — d.  Sc-alptura, (Lancing the  gums,) see
Gum lancet—d.  Vacillantia, Odontoseisis.
  DENTO, from  Dena,  'a tooth.'   One whose
teeth are prominent.
  DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid.
  DENTS BICUSPIDEES, Bicuspid teeth—d.
Col des, Collum  dentium — d. Cono'idea, Canine
teeth—d. de Lait, see Dentition—d. Mtichelierea,
Molar teeth—d.  Moloirea, Molar teeth—d. Multi-
cuspideea,  Molar teeth,  great—d. (Eillieres, Ca-
nine teeth.
  DENTURE, Dentier.
  DENUDATION, Denuda'tio, Gymno'ais, from
denudare, (de, and nudare,) 'to lay bare.'  Con-
dition of a part, deprived of its natural coverings,
whether by wounds, gangrene, or  abscess.  It is
particularly applied to the bones, when  deprived
of their periosteum, and to the teeth when they
lose  their enamel or dental substance.
  DEOB'STRUENT,  Deob'struens, Dephrae'ti-
cum, Deoppi'lans, Deoppilatl vum,  Ecjthrac'tie,
from de, and  obstruere, (ob, and strucre,) 'to ob-
struct.'  (F.) Desobstrnant, Dcsobatructif, Pc'sopi-
lutif, Deaopilant.  Medicines given with the view
of removing  any obstruction.   The  word corre-
sponds to aperient, in its general, not in  its par- 
DERODORIZER
279
DEPURATORY
ticular sense.  It is now almost abandoned, and,
when used, conveys by no means definite ideas.
  DEODORIZER, Antibromic
  DEONTOL'OGY, Deontolog"ia; from ra leovra,
'what is fitting or necessary,' and Xoyos, 'a de-
scription.'  A word  introduced  by Bentham to
signify morals, or the science of duties.
  Med'icAL DehntOl'oGY, Deontolog"ia med'ica,
(F.) Ucoiitologie  medicate,  Medical cthica,  Me-
dical etiquette. The duties and rights of medical
practitioners.
  DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent.
  DHPASCENS,  Phagedenic.
  DEPAUPERATUS, Impoverished.
  DEPERDITIO, Abortion.
  DEPIIRACTICUM, Deobstruent.
  DEPILATIF, Depilatory.
  DEPILATIO,  Alopecia—d. Capitis, Calvities.
  DEITLATTON, Depila'tio, Dropacis'mus, Mu-
de'aia, Mad'isis, Psilo'sis, from de, and pilus, 'hair.'
Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art.
  DEP'ILATORY, Dtpilato'rium, Dropax, Psi-
lo'thron, Ectillot'icua, Ejii/ato'rium, (F.) Depila-
toire, Depi/atif.   Any thing which  causes the
loss of the hair.  Depilatories  are, usually caustic
applications, in  which  quicklime or some other
alkaline substance, sulphuret of iron,  Ac, enter.
  Depilatory,  Colley's,  seems  to consist of
quicklime and a portion of sulphuret of potassa.
  A pitch plaster, Pitch-cap, is  sometimes  used
as a depilatory.   It of course pulls the hair out
by  the roots.
  Dclcroix'8 depilatory, and Plenck's depilatory,
have a similar composition.
  DEPULIS, same etymon.    Devoid of hair.
Hairless.
  DEPLETION, Deple'tio, from depleo, ' I un-
load.'  The  act  of unloading  the vessels,  by
blood-letting and the different evacuants.  Also,
inordinate evacuation.
  DEPLETORY, Deple'ting.  Having relation
to depletion:—as 'a depletory or depleting agent.'
   DEPLUMATIO, Ptilo'aia, from deplumia, (de
and pluma,) ' without feathers.'   A disease of the
eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye-
lashes fall out.   See Madarosis.
   DEPOS'IT, Depoa'itujp, from depono, (de  and
pono, ' to lay or put,')  ' to lay or put down.'   (F.)
Depot.  Any thing laid  or thrown  down.   In
physiology and  pathology, a structureless sub-
 stance, separated from the blood or  other fluid,
 as  the typhous,  tuberculous, purulent, melanic,
 and diphtheritic  depoaita.
   Depos'it, Feculence.
   DEPOS'ITIA'E, Depoaiti'vua, from deponere,
 (de and ponere,)  to 'depose,' 'to put down.'  An
 epithet used by Mr. Erasmus AVilson to express
 that condition of the membrane in which plastic
 lymph is exuded into the tissue of the derma, so
 as  to give rise to the production of small  hard
 elevations of the skin, or pimples.  Under  " de-
 poaitive inflammation of the derma," he comprises
 strophulus, lichen and prurigo.
   DEPOT, Abscess,  Sediment—d. Laiteuae sur
 la  Cuisae, Phlegmatia dolens—d. de VUrine, Se-
 diment of the urine.
   DEPRAA'ATION,  Deprava'tio, from  de and
 prams, 'bad.'  Perversion, corruption; — as de-
 pravation of the taste,  Ac
   DEPREHENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy.
   DEPRES'SION,  Deprea'aio,  Imprea'8io,  from
 deprimere, depression (de, and premere,)  'to de-
 press;' Esphia'sis.   In  Anatomy, it means an
 excavation, hollow, or fossa.   In  Surgery, it is
 applied  to a fracture of  the  cranium,  in which
 the portions of fractured bone are forced inwards;
 (F.) Subgrondation, Entablement; called  also,
Catapleaia, Campaia Deprea'aio, Thloai8 Deprea'-
aio.  Depreaaion, (F.) Abaiasement, means Couch-
ing.—See Cataract.
  Depression also means dejection or dejectedneat
—Ademon'ia, Ademo'syne, Demis'aio animi.
  DEPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax.
  DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaiaeeur. Same etymon.
Several muscles have  been so termed, because
they depress the parts on which they act.
  Depressor AljE Nasi, D. la'bii  anperio'ria
alaque  nasi,  Incialvua me'diua, Myrtifor'mis,
Depreaaor Labii auperio'ris pro'priua, Constricto'-
rea ala'rum naai ac depreaao'rea la'bii euperio'ria,
Maxillo-alreoli-naaol—part of the labialia, (Ch.,)
(F.)  Abaiaaeur de  I'aile du nez.   It arises from
the superior  maxillary bone  immediately above
the junction  of the  gums with  the two incisor
and canine teeth;  and passes upwards to be in-
serted  into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi,
which  it pulls downwards.
   Depressor An'guli  Oris,  Triangula'ria, De-
preaaor labio'rum commu'nis, Depreaaor lobioriun,
(F.) Souamaxillo-labial,  Jla.dllo-labial (Ch.),
Abaisaeur de I'angle des levrea ou 3Iuacle Trian-
gulaire.'  A muscle, situate at the lower part of
the face.  Its form is triangular.  It  arises from
the outer oblique line on the lower jawbone, and
terminates in a point at the commissure of the
lips, which it pulls downwards.
   Depressor La'bii Inferio'ris;  Quadra'tus,
Quadra'tu8 menti, Depressor labii inferio'ris pro'-
prius, — Mentonnier-labial,  Mento-labial (Ch.),
(F.) Carre du Menton, Houpvc du Menton, Abais-
aeur de  la livre inferieure^ A  small, thin, and
quadrilateral muscle, which arises  from the ex-
ternal  oblique line of the lower jaw, and ascends
to the lower lip,  where it becomes confounded
with the orbicularis oris.  It pulls the lower lip
downwards and outwards.
   Depressor Labii  Superioris Proprius,  D.
Ala? nasi — d.  Labiorum communis,  D. Anguli
oris—d.  Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi.
   Depressor Pal'pebryE Inferio'ris. A fleshy
bundle,  which  forms part of  the  palpebrals
muscle.   Heister describes it separately, but it is
not admitted now.
   DEPRESSORIUM, Meningophylax.
   DEPRIMENS  AURICULAE, Retrahens auris
— d. Maxilla?  biventer, Digastricus — d. Oculi,
Rectus inferior oculi.
   DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives.
   DEPURANTIA, from depurare, (de, and pu-
ma,)  'to purify.'  (F.) Depurcitifs.   Medicines
were formerly so called, which were supposed to
possess the property of removing, from the mass
of blood  or humours, those principles which dis-
turbed their purity;  and of directing  them to-
wards some one of the natural emunetories.  The
juices of what were called anti-scorbutic herbs,
sulphur, and many other medicines, were ranked
under this class.
   DEPURATIFS, Depurantia.
   DEPURATION, Depuro'tio.  Same etymon.
■Catharis'mos, Munda'tio.  In Pathology, depura-
tion has been used for the process  by which na-
ture purifies the animal  economy, either by the
agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta-
neous  evacuation, or by the  assistance of medi-
cine.  See Clarification, and  Depuratory.
   DEPURATIVE, Depuratory.
   DEP'URATORY.  Same etymon.  Depurate/.
riits, Depurative.  That which causes depuration,
as the urinary and cutaneoua depurations.  Ap-
plied,  also, to  diseases, which have been consi-
dered  capable of modifying the constitution ad-
vantageously, by  acting on  the  composition  of
tho  fluids — such  as certain  eruptions, intermit- 
                 DERADEN

tonts, Ac.  The word is,  also, appropriated  to
medicines and diet, by which the  same effect is
sought to be induced.
  DER'ADEN, from lepn, 'the neck,' and alnv,
' a gland.'  A gland in the neck.
  DERADENITIS, from lipn, 'neck;' alnv,  'a
gland;' and itis, denoting  inflammation.  In-
flammation of the glands of the heck.
  DERADENON'CUS,  from  lepn,  'the  neck,'
alnv, ' a gland,' and oyxos, ' a swelling.'   Tume-
faction of the glands of the neck.
  DERANENCEPHA'LIA, from lepn, 'neck,'
and  anencepholia, ' absence of brain.'  A mon-
strosity in which only  a small portion  of the
brain exists, resting on the  cervical vertebra? —
more properly derencepha'lia.
  DERANGED,  Insane.
  DERANGEMENT, Insanity.
  DERBIA, Impetigo.
  DERENCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia.
  DERENCEPH'ALUS, from lepn,  'the neck,'
and  xetpaXn, 'head.'  A  monster whose brain is
in the neck.—G. St. Hilaire.
  DERIS, Cutis.
  DERIVANS, Derivative.
  DERIVATIF, Derivative.
  DERIVATION, Deriva'tio, Deflec'tio, Paro-
eheteu'sis,  Antilep'sia, Antis'pasis,  Revulsion,
Cura derivati'va seu revulao'ria, from de, and
rivus, ' a river.'  AVhen  a ' centre of fluxion' is
established in a part, for the purpose of abstract-
ing  the excited vital manifestations from some
other, a derivation 9 operated.
  The term Derivation  has  likewise been ap-
plied to the  suction  power of the heart, — an
agency in the circulation of the blood.
  DERIVATIVE, Deflec'tena, Deri'vana, Deri-
vato'rius,  from derivare, ' to drain  off.'  Antia-
paa'ticu8, Revellent, Revulaive, Revulalvua, Re-
vulso'rius, (F.)Derivatif,Revulsif.  Same etymon.
A remedy, which by producing a modified action
in some organ or texture derives from the morbid
condition of some other  organ or texture.  Re-
vellents are amongst the  most important reme-
dies  : they include, indeed,  every physical and
moral agent, which is capable of  modifying the
function of innervation,  and therefore  almost
every article of the materia medica.  The  follow-
ing is a list of the chief local Derivatives.
  1.  Epispastics. — Acidum Aceticum, Acidum
Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium, Ammo-
nia,  Ammoniacum, Asafcetida,  Cantharis,  Capsi-
cum, Galbanum,  Olea Essentialia, Pix Abietis,
Sinapis, Caloric, Friction.
  2.  Vesicants.—Ammonia, Argenti Nitras, Can-
tharis, Cantharis A'ittata, Hydrargyri  Iodidum
rubrum, Ranunculus, Sinapis,  Caloric.
  3.  Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii
et Potassa? Tartras, Cantharis, Mezereum, Pix
Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum,  Fonticulus, Seta-
ceum.
  4.  — Escharotics. — A. Erodents. — Acidum
Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccatum,
Argenti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas,  Cupri Sulphas,
Sabina, Saccharum Purissimum.—
  B. Actual  Cauteranta. — Caloric, White Hot
Iron, Moxa.—
  C. Potential Cauteranta.—Acidum Arseniosum,
Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum, Anti-
monii Murias, Argenti Nitras, Calx,  Potassa,
Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum.
  DERIVATORIUS, Derivative.
  DERMA, Cutis.
  DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect.
  DERMAL, Dermic, Dermo'lia, Der'micus, from
lepua, ' the skin.'   Relating  or belonging to  the
skin.
0               DERONCUS

  Dermal Aspect.  An aspect towards the skin
 or external surface.—Barclay,  lhrmad is  used
 adverbially by the same  writer to signify 'to-
 wards the dermal aspect.'
  DERMAL'GIA, Dermatalgia, Dennatodyn'ia,
 from  leppa, 'the skin,' and aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain
 in the skin.   Neuralgia of the skin.  Rheumatic;
 Dermalgia or Rheumatism' of the akin is a  form
 of neuralgia, which is  referred, at times, to the
 nervous trunks, muscles, Ac, but appears to  be
 seated in the  cutaneous nerves.
  DERMATAGRA, Pellagra,
  DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia.
  DERMATAUXE, Dermatophyma.
  DERMATIATRI'A, from leppa,  'skin,' and
 tarpeia, 'healing.'  Healing of cutaneous diseases.
 The treatment of diseases of the skin.   Diader-
 miatri'a, Dcrmatocratla.
  DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam-
 mation.
  DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus.
  DERMATOCHYSIS, Anasarca.
  DERMATOCRATIA, see Dermatiatria,
  DERMATODES, Dermatoid.
  DERMATODYNIA, Dermalgia.
  DER'MATOID,  Dermatoi'des,  Dermato'dea,
 DermoVdea, Dermo'dea, Dermoid, from lippa, 'the
 skin,' and eilos, ' form.'   That which is similar
 to the skin.  This name is given to different tis-
 sues, which resemble the skin.  The dura mater
 has been so called by some.
  Morbi dermato'dea, chronic cutaneous diseases.
  DERMATOL'OGY,  Dermatolog"ia,  Dermol-
 ogy,  from leppa,  'the skin,' and  Xoyos, 'a dis-
 course.'   A discourse or treatise of the skin.
  DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease.
  DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS,  Induration
 of the cellular tissue.
  DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of
 the cellular tissue.
  DERMATOPHY'M A, Dermataux'e, from leppa,
 'skin,' and tpvpa,  'tumour.'  A tumefaction  of
 the skin.'
  DERMATOPHYMATA VENEREA, Condy-
 lomata.
  DERMATORRHAG"IA, Dermatorrhce'a,from
 leppa, ' skin,' and payn, ' rupture.'  A discharge
 of blood from the skin.
  DERMATORRHCEA, Dermatorrhagia.
  DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity.
  DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases.
  DERMATOSIES  VEROLEUSES,  Syphi-
 lidea.
  DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis.
  DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity.
  DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity.
  DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity.
  DERMIC, Der'micua,  Dermat'icus,  Dermati-
 nus, Dermatic, Dermal, Derma'lis;  from leppa,
 ' skin.'  Relating to the skin.
  DERMITIS, Cytitis.
  DERMODES, Dermatoid.
  BmiUOG'nAFB.Y,Dermograph'ia,fromleppa,
 'the  skin,' and ypatpw, 'I describe.'  An anato-
 mical description of the skin.
  D E R M 0IIM' MI A, from leppa, ' skin,' and
 'aipa, ' blood.'  Hyperaemia or congestion of the
 skin.
   DERMOID, Dermatoid.
   DERMOLOGY, Dermatology.
   DERMO-SKELETON,  see Skeleton.
  DERMO-SYPHILIDES, Syphilides.
   DERM,OT'OMY', Dermotom'ia, from leppa, 'the
 skin,' and repveiv, ' to cut.'   The part of anatomy
 which treats  of the structure of the skin.
   DERODYMUS, Dicephalus.
   DERONCUS, Bronchocele.
2? 
DERTRON
281
DETRUNCATION
  DERTRON.   This  word, which is  used by
Hippocrates,  signified, according  to some,  the
omentum or peritoneum, but according to others,
the small intestine.   See  Epiploon.
  DISARTICULATION,  (F.),  from  de, and
articnlua,  'ajoint.'   Disjointing.   A word used
to express the part of the operation, in amputa-
tion at an articulation, which consists in dividing
the ligaments, and separating  the articular sur-
faces.  The  word has, also, been used for that
kind  of anatomic*al  preparation,  the object of
which is to separate  the different bones of the
skeleton, and especially those of the head.
  DESCALORINESES,  from de, 'from,' and
color, 'heat.'  A name given by Baumes to dis-
eases which are characterized by diminished heat.
  DESCEMET, MEMBRANE OF, see Aqueous
Humour, and Cornea.
  DESCEMETITIS. A term improperly formed,
and really signifying 'inflammation of Descemet.'
Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet.
  DESCEND ENS NONI, see Hypoglossus.
  DESCENSIO, Catabasis.
  DESCENSUS, Catabasis — d. Testiculorum,
Orchido-catabasis.
  DESCEXTE, Hernia—d. de la Matrice, Pro-
cidentia uteri.
  DESECTUS, Castratus.
  DESEXFL URE, Detumeacence.
  DHSICCANTIA, Desiccativa.
  DESICCATIO, Draining.
  DESICCATION, Drying.
  DKSICCATI'VA, Deaican'tio, Siccan'tia, Ex-
aiccatlva, from deaiccare, (de, and siccare,) 'to
dry up.'  (F.)  Dessiccatifs.   Remedies, which,
when applied externally,  dry up the humours or
moisture from a wound.
  DESIPIENTIA, Delirium.
  DESIRE, Libido — d. Venereal, Appetite, ve-
nereal, see Libido.
  DES'MA, Dea'me, Dea'mus. A bandage, a liga-
ment.  Hence :
  DESMATUR'GIA, from leapa, 'bandage,' and
tpyov, ' work.'   The doctrine of the  application
of bandages.  Bandaging.
  DESMEDION, Fasciculus.
  DESMEUX, Ligamentous.
  DESMITIS, Desmophlogo'sis, Desmophlog"ia,
from leapn, 'a ligament,' and  itis, denoting in-
flammation.   Inflammation of ligaments.
  DESMOCIIAUNO'SIS, from leapos, 'ligament,'
and xavv0""!' 'relaxation.'  Relaxation of an ar-
ticular ligament.
  DESA10DYNTA, from leapn, 'ligament,' and
olwn, ' pain.'  Pain in the ligaments.
  DESMOG'RAPHY, Deamograph'ia, from lea-
pis, 'a ligament,' and ypatpn, 'a description.'  An
anatomical description of the ligaments.
  DESMOID TISSUE, from leapos, 'aligament,'
and eilos, 'shape.')  Ligamentous  Tissue,  Textus
dcsmo'sus.  This tissue is  very  generally diffused
over the human body; has a very close connexion
with the  areolar tissue, and is continuous with it
in  divers  places.  It constitutes  the ligaments,
aponeuroses, Ac.
  DESMOL'OGY, Dcsmolog"ia, from leapos, 'a
ligament,' and Xoyos,  'a discourse,' 'a treatise.'
That part of anatomy which describes the liga-
ments.
  DESMOPIILOGTA, Desmitis.
  DESMORR1IEXTS, from leapos, 'a ligament,'
and pn^is, 'rupture'  Rupture of an  articular
ligament.
  DESMOS. Ligament.
  DESMOSUS, Ligamentous.
  DESMOT'OMA'. Desmotom'ia, from leapos, 'a
ligament,' and  repveiv, 'to  cut'   The part of
anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting
the ligaments.
  D£SOBSTRUAXT, Deobstruent
  DESOBSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent
  DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent.
  DESORGAXISA TIO A7, Disorganization.
  DESOXYGENESES, from  de, and oxygen.
M. Baumes includes under this title an order of
diseases, which he considers  dependent upon  a
diminution in the quantity of the  oxygen neces-
sary for the animal economy.
  DESPOTATS, (F.)  Infirm soldiers, formerly
charged with the office of removing the wounded
from the field of battle : perhaps from desporta'-
tor, ' one who bears away.'  The class of Despo-
tats was introduced by Leo AT., at the  commence-
ment of the 9th century.
  DESPUMATION, Despuma'tio, Apaphris'moa,
Epaphria'moa, from deapumore, (de, and apumof)
' to skim,' 'to remove the froth.' The separation
of the  froth and other impurities,  which rise, by
the action of the fire, to the surface of any fluid.
  DESQUAMATION, Deaquamu'tio Cutis, Ec-
lep'iaia,  Apoayr'ma,  Apolep'iaia,  Apolepia'mua,
Moulting, from deaquamare, (de, and squama, ' a,
scale,')  ' to scale off.'  Exfoliation, or separation
of the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater
or less size.  This affection is a common conse
quence of exanthematous diseases.
  DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative.
  DESSECHEMENT, Atrophy, Draining.
  DESSICATIFS, Desicativa.
  DESTILLATIO, Coryza,4)istillation—d. Pec-
toris, Catarrh.
  DESTRUCTIO, Diaphthora.
  DESUDATIO, Ephidro'sis,  Sudam'ina, Hi-
dro'a, from desudare, (de, and  sudare,  ' to sweat.')
De8udation means a profuse and inordinate sweat-
ing, a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term
is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar
to millet seed, which -appears  chiefly on children,
and is owing to want-.of cleanliness.
  DESYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy.
  DETENTIO, Catalepsy.
  DETERGENS, Abstergent.
  DETER'GENTS, from detergere, (de, and ter-
gere, 'to clean,') 'to cleanse'   Detergen'tia, De-
terao'ria, Extergen'tia, Abetergen'tia, Abateralva,
Absterso'ria,  Abluen'tia,  Traumalica,  Smec'-
tica, Emundan'tia, Mundificati'va, Mundifican'-
tia, Rhyp'tica, Abater'sivea, (F.) Deteraifa, Mundi-
ficatifs.   Medicines, which possess the power to
deterge  or cleanse parts, as wounds, ulcers, Ac.
They belong to the class of stimulants, or to that
of emollients.
  DETERMINATION, Determina'tio, from  de,
and terminus, ' a boundary.'  Strong direction to
a given point; — as 'a determination of blood to
the head.'
  DETERSIFS, Detergents.
  DETERSORIA, Detergents.
  DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, 'to cleanse.'
The place, in ancient bathing establishments,
where the bather was cleansed and dried.
  DETESTATIO, Castratio.
  DE TORSE, Sprain.
  DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting.
  DETRITUS,  from  deterere,  (de, and terere,)
' to bruise or wear out'  The residuum, occupying
the place of the organic texture of parts which
have undergone disorganization.
  DETROIT ARDOMIXALE, Pelvis (brim)—
d.  Inferieur, Pelvis (outlet) — d. Perineal, Pelvis
(outlet)—d. Snpi'rieur, Pelvis  (brim.)
  DETROXCA TIOX,  Detruncatio.
  DETRUNCATION, Detmnca'tio, (F.) Detron-
cation, from de, and truncua, '  a trunk.'  Separa- 
DETRUSION
2S2
DIABETES
tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, the
latter remaining in the uterus.
  DETRU'SION, Detru'sio; same etymon as the
next.   The act of thrusting or forcing down or
away. Applied by Dr. AA'alshe to lateral displace-
ment of the heart by extraneous pressure.
  DETRU'SOR URI'N.E, Protru'eor, from de-
trudere, (de,  and trudere,)  'to  thrust  down or
from.'  The muscular coat of the urinary bladder
was  formerly so called.   It  was,  also, named
Conatrictor Vesica  Urina'ria.
  DE TUMESCEXOE (F.), Detumescen'tia, from
detmnere, (de, and tumere,) 'to cease to swell.' A-
diminution of swelling.   This word has nearly
the same signification as the French word Desen-
flure.  The latter is, however, more particularly
applied to the diminution of oedema or anasarca;
the former, to the resolution of a tumour properly
so called.
  DEUNX.  The ancient name of a weight of 11
ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12.
  DEURENS (FEBRIS,) Causus.
  DECS COPULATIONIS, Cupido.
  DEUTERANCEA, Dementia.
  DEUTERI'A, from levrepos, 'the second.' Vo-
gel has used this term for the symptoms produced
by retention  of the  secundines.  The word was
also  applied, by the  Greeks, to a second or infe-
rior wine.
  DEUTERION, Secundines.
  DEUTEROPATHI'A, Hysteropathi'a, Morbus
aecunda'rius,   from  levrepos, 'the second,'  and
iraSos, ' disease.' A secondary  disease.  One pro-
duced  by another, and of which it is only, in
some  measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic
effect.
  DEUTEROS'COPY, Deuteroacop'ia,  from lev-
repos,  'the  second,'  and axoirew,  'I view.'  Se-
cond sight.  A fancied  power  of seeing future
things or events.
  DEUTO, levrepos, 'second.'  A prefix denoting
two, or double,—as deutoxide, having two degree's
of oxidation.
  DEVELOPMENT, Evolu'tio, from (F.)  deve-
lopper, 'to  unfold.'   In  Physiology,  it means
growth or inerease;  and in Pathology, its signi-
fication is similar.  By development of the pulse,
e. g. is understood an increase in its strength and
fulness.  Diseases  of development,  Morbi evolu-
tio'nis, are  such as  are  peculiar to the period of
growth.
  ' Taking Developments.'  A term  used  by
practical  craniologists to signify the act of mea-
suring prominences  of  the  skull, which are re-
garded by them as indicating the size of corre-
sponding cerebral organs.
  Development, Vesicle of,  see Vesicle of De-
velopment.
  DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum.
  DEVIATION, Devia'tio,  from de, 'from,' and
via, ' the way.'  Out of the way.   By this word
is  meant — a vicious curvature  of  the  spine- or
other bones; — faulty direction of the  teeth or
other part; — the passage of  blood, bile, urine,
milk,  Ac, into vessels not natural to them.
  DEVIATION DES REGLES, Menstruation
(vicarious.)
  DEVIL IN A BUSH,  Nigella—d. Bit, Vera-
trum viride.
  DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris  farinosa, Scabiosa suc-
cisa, Chamaelirium luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d.
Dung, Asafcetida—d. Shoestrings, Galega Virgi-
nian a.
  DEVIRGINATIO, Defloration, Stuprum.
  DE VOIEMENT,  Diarrhoea.
  DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus caesius
—d. Plant, Rubus caesius.
  DEAVCLAAVS, Crusta genu equina?.
  DEXIS, Degmus.
  DEXOCAR'DIA, from lefas, 'right,' and xap-
lta,  ' the heart'  A case  in  which the heart is
found to beat on the right side.  It is met with
occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax.
  DEXTANS.  A weight of 10 ounces, suppos-
ing the pound to consist of 12.
  DEXTERINA, Dextrine.
  DEXTRAD, from dexter,  'right-handed.'  A
term used  adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify
' towards the dextral aspect'   See Mesial.
  Dextral Aspect, see Mesial.
  DEXTRAL'ITY,  from dexter, 'right'   The
state of being on the right side.   Right-handed-
ness. The state of being right-handed.
  DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextri'num, Dexteri'na,
British  gum,  from dexter,  'right-handed.'  So
called, from its refracting the rays, in the polari-
zation of light, more to the right  hand than any
substance known.   A  substance obtained by the
continued action of diluted  sulphuric acid upon
starch  at the boiling  point  It is used in the
treatment of fractures, by the 'immovable appa-
ratus.'  The bandages are soaked in a solution,
in water, of the dextrine — previously moistened
thoroughly with tincture of camphor, to prevent
it from  leaking when  the water is.added.   The
solution should be of the consistence of molasses.
  DEXTRINUM, Dextrine.
  DI, li, lis, 'bis, twice, double.'  Hence, Dicro-
tu8, Digaatricua, Ac.
  DIA,  lia, in composition,  'through,  asunder,
out of, separated.'   When prefixed to any thera-
peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a
preparation into which that agent entered.
  DIABEIJOS, Astragalus, Malleolus.
  DIABETE, Diabetes—d.  Chyleux, Chyluria—
d. Faux, see Diabetes—d. Insipide, see  Diabetes
—d. Sucre, Diabetes (mellitus.)
  DIABETES,  from lia, < through,' and /Ww,
'I  pass.'   Urlna  proflu'viuni,  Hypertlin re'sis,
Sipho uri'na, Urorrhag"io, Polyu'ria,  Hydrops
ad mat'ulam, H. Matel'la, Poly ure'sis, Uroze'miu,
Ureorrhce'a, Dip'aaco8, Diarrhce'a  in Vrind, B.
urino'sa, (F.) Diabete,  Flux d'Urine.  A disease,
characterized by great augmentation and  often
manifest alteration in the secretion of urine; with
excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation.  Cul-
len has described two species:—Diabetes insip'-
idus and D. Mellitus; the former, (F.) Diabete
faux ou inaipide, Diabete, being, simply, a super-
abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual,
urinary taste: the latter, D.Mclli'tua, called,also,
Paru'ria Melllta, Diabetes An'glicua, D. rents,
Melitu'ria, 9Glucoau'ria,  Glycyrrhcc'a  urino'ea,
Uroze'mia   melllta,  Saccharorrhce'a   urino'sa,
Phthisu'ria, Uro-phthlsia, Tabes diuret'ica seu
diabe'tica,  Dyspep'sia aaccharig"ena, Apoceno'-
aia  Diobetea Mellitus, Sac'chorine diabetes, (F.)
Diabete aucre, Hyperurorrhee aaccharine, Phthi-
aurie aucree, — falls under the definition  given
above.  The quantity of urine, discharged in the
24 hours, is sometimes excessive, amounting  to
30  pints  and upwards;  each pint  containing
sometimes  2J oz. saccharine matter.   This re-
places  the urea, which is not found in quantity
in the urine of  those  labouring  under  diabetes.
AVhere the disease is  situate is not clear.   The
whole system of nutrition, however, seems to he
morbidly implicated.   A part of  the urine must
be formed at the expense of the  system, as the
egesta frequently far exceed  the solid and liquid
ingesta.  On dissection, no morbid appearance is
met with, sufficient to enable us to fix on the seat
of this distressing affection. 
DIABETIC
283
DIURESIS
  All the remedies that have  been tried have
usually been found insufficient in D. Mellitus.
  D. insip'idus, Hyperure'sis aquo'sa, Hydru'ria,
Hydrure'sis, Paru'ria incon'tinens aquo'sa, Dia-
be'tes spu'rius,  Urorrhoe'a, U'real Diabetes, (F.)
Polynrie, Ilypcrurrorrhee, Diabete insipide, Faux
diabite, which  occurs in hysterical habits,  and
has, henec, been called D. hyster'icua, is of com-
paratively trifling moment  Exclusive diet,  and
attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira-
tion, which have sometimes produced good effects
in D. Mellitus,  have most commonly failed.
  Diabetes Anglicus, see Diabetes — d. Chylo-
sus, Chyluria — d.  Insipidus, see Diabetes — d.
Lactea, Chyluria—d. Mellitus, see Diabetes—d.
Spurius,  see Diabetes — d. Ureal, see Diabetes—
d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.)
  DIABET'IC, Diabe'ticua. Same etymon.  Re-
lating to diabetes.
  Diabetic Sugar, Glucose.
  DIABOT'ANUM, from  lia,  and Qoravy,  'an
herb.' A medicine, prepared with herbs.—Galen.
  D1ABROS1S, Erosion, Corrosion.
  DIABROTTCUS, from eta, and lipwaxw, 'I eat
or corrode.' A substance, capable of causing  ero-
sion of the part to which it is applied.  It ordina-
rily means a medicine, whose activity places it
between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive.
  DIACAR'YON,  from lia, and xapvov, 'a nut'
Rob nucum.  The rob of nuts or of walnuts.
  DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassia?.
  DI AOATHOL'ICON, Diacatholicum, from lia,
and xuSoXtxos, ' universal.' The  name of a purge,
so called from its general usefulness.  It was an
electuary, and  composed of the pulp of caaaia,
tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of polypody, flbw-
ers of the violet,  rhubarb root, aniseed, sugar,
liquorice, and fennel.
  DIACAU'SIS, from liaxavw, T burn.'  Exces-
tive heat.  Over-heating.
  DIACAUST'IC, Diacaust'icus. Same etymon.
That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double
convex lens, which has been sometimes used for
cauterizing an  ulcer by directing the sun's rays
upon it.
  DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis
Cornachini.
  DIACHALA'SIS, from ItaxaXaetv, 'to be open
or relaxed." Hippocrates uses this word for frac-
ture of the bones of the skull;  or for relaxation
and separation  of the sutures, in consequence of
a wound of the  head.—Hippocrates.
  DIACIIALCIT'EOS,  from lia,  and x«Wis,
' chalcltis or  colcothar.'  A plaster, whose com-
position  is the samo as that of the diapalma,
except that, in place of the sulphate  of zinc, a
mixture of oil and  colcothar is substituted.
  DIACUEIRIS'MOS,  Diacheir'isis, Tracta'tio
manua'ria, from lia, and XC19> 'the  hand.'   The
preparation, administration, and dispensing of
medicines.—Hippocrates.
  DIACHOUE'MA, Diachore'sis, from liaxwpew,
' I separate from.'   Every kind of excreted mat-
ter  and  excretion;  but more  particularly   the
f;eces and alvine excretion. — Foesius, Gorra?us.
See Excrement
  Di vchokema Xysmatodes, see Ramenta intes-
tinorum.
  DIACHORESIS, Excretion.
  D1AC1IRISIS, Inunction.
  DIACHRIST'A, from lia, and Yftui, 'I anoint'
Medicines, applied as  abstergents  to the velum
palati, the palate  itself, the tongue, Ac.  Pro-
bably gargles.—Paulus of JEgiua.
  PIAOII'YLON,  Diiuh'ylum,  Emplas'trum  di-
ach'ylon, from lia,  and ^uAoj, 'juice;'  i. e. com-
posed of juices.  The plaster of this name wa«
formerly made  of  certain juices.  The  term ia
now confined  to the Emplastrum  Plumbi  or
Lead Plaster.
  Diachylon cum Gummi, Emplastrum gummo-
sum—d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum gummi-resinis
—d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum—d. Magnum
cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp.—d. Sim-
plex, Emplastrum plumbi—d. White, Emplastrum
plumbi—d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum.
  DIACHYT'ICA,  from lia, and x™>  '* Pour
out'  Medicines which discuss tumours.
  DIACINE'MA,  from  lia,  and xtvew, T move.'
A slight dislocation. — Celsus, Galen.  A sub-
luxation.
  DIACLASIS, Refraction.
  DIACLYSIS, Diaclys'mus,  from lia, and xXv-
£eiv, 'to wash out'   Rinsing or cleansing—espe-
cially of the mouth.
  DIACLYSMA, Gargarism.
  DIACOCCYMELON,  Diaprunum.
  DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris.
  DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tioex Capit'ibusPapar'-
eris, from  lia,  and xwlia, 'a poppyhead.'  (F.)
Diacode.   The  ancients had  various forms for
preparing it.  The Syrup of Pojypies—Syr'upus
Popov'eria seu Diaco'dion — is now substituted
for it
  DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissection, Intersection.
  Diac'ope, En'cope, from lia, and  xonreiv, 'to
cut'   A cut, incision,  fissure,  or  longitudinal
fracture.  AVhen used, since Galen, it generally
signifies an oblique incision,  made in the cranium
by  a sharp instrument,  without the piece being
removed.   It is not now employed.
  Diac'ope Cra'nii, Pracis'io  seu Dissec'tio
Cra'nii.  Opening the head;  and separation of
the bones of the cranium.
  DIACOPR.E'GIA, from  lia, xoirpos,  'excre-
ment,' and mf, atyos, ' a goat.'  A name  given,
in Blancard's Lexicon, to a mediciue, composed
of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in dis-
eases of the spleen, parotids, Ac.
  DIACRISES, from lia, and  xpivw, 'I separate.'
A class of diseases  characterized by alterations
of secretion.—Gendrin.
  DIACRITTCA SIG'NA.  Same etymon.
Signs by which one disease  can be accurately
discriminated from another  :—differencial diag-
nosis.
  DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum.
  DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA, Geoffraa
vermifuga.
  DIADE'MA,  Fascia  cap'itis, Redimic'ulum,
from Italew, (lia,  and leiv,  ' to bind.')  ' I sur-
round.'  A sort of bandage ; advised in headaeh,
in  which relaxation of  the sutures was  appre-
hended.—Forestus.
  DIADEX'IS, Diad'oche, M^elatopto'sia, from
lialtxopai,  (lia, and lexopai, ' to take or receive.')
' I  transfer,'  ' I succeed to.'  A transformation
of  a disease  into  another, differing from  the
former both in its nature and seat
  DIADOCHE, Diadexis.
  DIAD'OSIS,  from lialtlwpi, 'to distribute.'
In  some authors, it means the distribution of
nutritive matter over the whole body, — in other
words, nutrition ; whilst, in  others, it is synony-
mous with  the remission or cessation of a disease.
  DL/ED03'US, from It, 'double,' and ailoia, 'the
parts of generation.' A monster whose organs
of generation and urinary bladder are double. It
has only been observed  in animals.
  DI.<E'RESIS, from liaipew, (lia, and aipew, 'I
take away,') 'I divide,'  T separate.'  A division
or solution of continuity. A surgical operation, 
                DLERETICUS

which consists in dividing any part of the body.
Hamorrhag"ia per dia'reain is hemorrhage ow-
ing to separation or division of vessels.
  Diuresis Ungul^e, Onychoptosis.
  DI.ERETICUS, Caustic.
  DUETA, Diet—d. Lactea, Galactodiaeta.
  DLETE'MA   has  the same signification  as
diet, with most authors.  Galen gives it a more
extensive meaning,  comprising, under it, what
constitutes Hygiene.
  DI^ETETICA, Dietetics.
  DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate.
  DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Diagnos'tice, Depre-
hen'sio, from lia, and yivoaxw, ' I know.'  Discri-
mination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique. That part
of medicine whose object is the discrimination of
diseases, the knowledge of the pathognomonic
signs of each.  It is one of the most important
branches of general pathology.
  Diagnosis. Differential, see Diacritica signa.
  DIAGNOSTIC,  Disci-etlvus,  Diagnos'ticua ;
same etymon.  A symptom which is characteris-
tic  of a disease.
  DIAGNOS' TICATE, — sometimes  diagnose.
To discriminate  one disease or phenomenon from
another.
  DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus seammonia.
  Diagryd'ium  Cvdonia'tum, from diagrydium,
' scammony,' and cydonium,  ' quince.'  A phar-
maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating
and drying, by means of heat, two parts of scam-
mony and one of quince juice.  It was formerly
used as an energetic purgative.
  Diagryd'ium  Glycyrrhiza'tum.  An analo-
gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice
in place of quince juice.
  Diagryd'ium Sclphura'tum.  Scammony,
which has been exposed to the vapour of burning
sulphur.  These diagrydia are  not now used.
  DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission.
  DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever.
  DIALEMMA, Apyrexia.
  DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from liaXapfiavw, 'I
intercept'—Hippocrates employs  this word for
the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns
of a bandage.
  DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio.
  DIAL'YSIS, Dissolu'tio, from  lia, and Xvais,
' solution.'  A  dissolution or  loss of  strength.
Resolu'tio  vir'ium.   Weakness of  the limbs.
Also, a solution of continuity.
  DIAMANT, Diamond.
  DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory.
  DIAM'BR,E  SPE'CIES.  A name  given by
the ancients  to  powders, one of which bore the
name — Spe'cies   diam'bra sine odora'tis, — the
other,  that of Spe'cies  diam'bra  cum odora'tis.
The former was  composed of  cinnamon,  angelica
root, cloves, mace, nutmeg, galanga,  cardamom,
and numerous other substances;  the latter, be-
sides, had ambergris and  musk.  These powders
were used as tonics, in cases of  debility of the
stomach, and in  certain nervous affections.
  DIAMNES, Enuresis.
  DI'AMOND, Ad'amas, from  a, privative, and
lauaw,  T conquer.'  'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant.
So called from its hardness.  It is the most pre-
cious of all stones, and was  formerly conceived
to possess extraordinary cordial virtues.
  DIAMO'RUM, Rob ex maris,  from  lia, and
pwpjv, 'a mulberry.'  An ancient syrup prepared
with honey and mulberry juice.   It was em-
ployed as a gargle in sore throat.—Galen.
  DIAMOTO'SIS, from poros, 'charpie,' 'lint'
The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound.
  DIANA, Argentum.
  DIANANCAS'MUS,  from  lia,  and avayxa^w,
4              DIAPHRAGM

' I force.'  Coaptation, reduction of a fractured
or luxated limb.
  DIANOE.MA, Imagination.
  DIANTHUS CARYOPIIYL'LUS, from &«,
'Jove.'(?) av$os,  'flower,' and  caryophyllum,
' the  clove.'   Clove  I'ink.  Also  called Caryo-
phyllum  rubrum,  Tu'nica, Tu'nica hortcn'aia, T.
rubra, Caryophyllua horten'sis, Clove July flower,
 Gillifiower,  Ctirno'tion.   Order, Caryophyllea\
(F.)  OSillct  giroflee.  The flowers were  once
much used;  but  are  now only  employed in
syrup, as a useful and pleasant vehicle for  other
medicines.
  DIAPAL'MA,  Phcenic"ium Emploe'trum.  A
plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, olive
oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of sulphate
of zinc dissolved in water, and white wax.  It is
classed amongst the topical,  desiccative, emol-
lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi-
cines.  Mixed with  a quarter of its weight of
olive oil, it acquires  the  consistence of  an  oint-
 ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapalma.
  DIAPASMA, Catapasma.
   DIAPEDE'SIS, Tranauda'tio, Persuda'tio,
 Persulta'tio, from  liairnlaw,  ' I leap  through.'
 Exhalation,  as of  blood, in the  form of dew, at
 the  surface  of the skin,  or of any membrane;
 Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang, Hamor-
 rhag"ia per  diapede'ain, Hamatopede'sis, Hami-
 dro'ais.
   DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanicula.
   DIAPENTES or DIAPENTE, from lia, and
 irevrn, ' five'  A medicine composed of five in-
 gredients.  See Diatessaron.
  DIAPH03'NICON, Diaphce'nix, Medicamen'-
 tum ex Pal'mulia,  from  lia, and  tpoivi^,  ' a date.'
 A drastic electuary,  of which the  date  was the
 chief excipient
  DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  lia^.opew, (lia, and
 tpopew, 'I convey,') 'I dissipate.'   A greater de-
 gree of perspiration than natural, but less than in
 sweating.  Every kind of cutaneous evacuation.
  DIAPHORET'IC. Same etymon;  Diapno'-
 icus, Diaphorct'icus.  A medicine  which excites
 diaphoresis.  Diaphoretics are very uncertain as
a class.   The following is a list of the  most re-
 puted :—Ammonia? Acetatis Liquor; Ammonia?
 Carbonas;  Antimonialis  pulvis;  Antimonii  et
 Potassa?   Tartras;  Antimonii  Sulphuretum  pra?-
 cipitatum; Asclepias tuberosa; Camphora; Con-
trayerva ; Dulcamara; Eupatorium perfoliatum;
 Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiacum;  Ipecacuanha; Me-
 zereum ;   Opium, and its active  principle  Mor-
phia; Sarsaparilla;  Sassafras; Serpentaria; Spi-
ritus JEtheris Nitrici; Sulphur;  Xanthoxylum;
 Caloric;  Exercise, (active;) and Friction.
  The epithet  Diaphoretic has also been given,
by  some, to  continued fever,  accompanied with
 constant perspiration.
  Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium  diapho-
reticum.
  DIAPHORETICUM   JOVIALE,  see Anti-
hectic.
  DI'APIIRAGM,  Diaphrag'ma,  Diap/hrax'is,
Reapirato'^ium Ventria,  Diacreto'rium,  Phrenea,
 Septum  transver'aum, Discri'men  Thora'cis  et
 Ventria,   Diaceptum,  Cine'tua, Diozo'mo, Pra-
cinc'tua,  Diazos'ma,  Diazos'tro,  Hypezo'cua, Hy-
pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Dissep'tum, Dissip'ium, Pra-
cor'dia,  Succin'gens  membra'na vel mns'culua,
 Succincftua,  Succinctu'ra, the  Midriff, from Sia,
 'between,' and tppaaaw, 'I close.'  A large, azy-
gous muscle; stretched  transversely between the
thoracic  and abdominal  cavities, which  it  sepa-
rates from each other; tendinous in the centre;
thin, almost  circular, and unequally convex, up-
wards.   It is fleshy at its circumference, which
is attached to the cartilago  ensiformis, to the
25 
DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS          285               DIARRHCEA
la..t six"ribs, to the  aponeurosis stretched from
the last rib to the transverse process of the first
lumbar vertebra : and, lastly, to the bodies of the
first three  or four lumbar vertebra?.  When  it
contracts, its fibres become straight, the chestris
enlarged,  and  the abdomen  diminished.   It  is
then an inspiratory muscle.   It may, also, dimi-
nish the capacity of  the chest, and be an  expira-
tory muscle.  This  muscle  plays  an important
part in  sighing,  yawning,  coughing,  sneezing,
laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, singing,
vomiting, the excretion of the faeces and urine,
the expulsion of the  foetus, Ac.
   DIAPHRAGMA AURIS,  see Tympanum—d.
Cerebri, Tentorium — d. Narium, Septum  narium
d. A'entriculoruin  lateralium  cerebri, Septum lu-
cidum.
   DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,   Diaphragmatalgia,
from  Itaippaypa,  ' the  diaphragm,'  and  aXyos,
'pain.'   Pain in the diaphragm.
   DIAPHRAGMATALGIA, Diaphragmalgia.
   DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Diaphragmat'icua.  Be-
longing to  the  diaphragm.   A name given  to
several vessels and nerves.
   Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries. These
are distinguished into euperior and inferior.  The
former, called, also, aupradiaphrogmat'ic, are two
in number,  one on each side.  They arise from
the internal mammary,  and descend along the
phrenic nerve, to be distributed  on the upper
surface of the diaphragm.   The latter, or infra-
diaphragmalic, are  also two in number.  They
arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta,
or from  the  coeliac  artery, and  divide into two
principal branches, which are distributed on the
lower surface of  the diaphragm  and in its sub-
stance.
   The euperior diaphragmat'ic veins follow the
same course as the arteries, and empty them-
selves— the  right, into  the vena  cava  superior;
the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein.
The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open  into
the vena cava inferior.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Her'nia,  Phrenic Hernia,
Diaphragmatoce'le.  The abdominal viscera are
occasionally protruded  through the diaphragm,
either through some of  the  natural  apertures  in
the  muscle, or through  deficiencies, or wounds,
or lacerations in it.
   Diaphragmat'ic  or Phrenic Nerves, Inter-
nal respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are  two  in
 number;  one on the left side, the other  on the
 right  They arise  from the second and third
 nerves of the cervical plexus, about the  middle
 of the  neck, and receive two or three filaments
 from the brachial plexus, after which they de-
 scend into the chest at the  sides of the  pericar-
 dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Plex'uses are  two in num-
 ber; one right, and the other left.  They arise
 from the upper  part of the solar plexus^ by a
 small number of branches, which  are distributed
 to the diaphragm, following  exactly the branches
 of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Ring, (F.) Anneau diaphrag-
 matique of  Chaussier,  .is a name given to the
 irregularly  quadrilateral aperture by which the
 vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm.
   DIAPHRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis.
   DIAPURAGMATOCELE, see Hernia.
   DIAPHRAGMITIS. from liatppaypa, 'the di-
 aphragm,' and  itis, a suffix denoting inflamma-
 tion.  Diaphragmatltis, Inflamma'tio septi trans-
 ver'ai, Porophreni'tia, Empreamo  Pleuritis Dia-
 phragmat'ica, Paraphrene'sis Diaphragmat'ica,
 Inflammation of the Diaphragm.  The terms,
 Paraphrcnltis   and Paraphrene'sis have  been
 ubtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which
supposed the seat of the tppnv, or soul, to be the
praecordia.  The essential symptoms of diaphrag-
mitis are : — painful constriction around the prae-
cordia, with small, quick, laborious breathing.  It
is a rare disease.
  DIAPHRATTON HYMEN, Mediastinum—d.
Membrana, Mediastinum.
  DIAPHRAXIS, Diaphragm.
  DIAPHTHORA, Destruc'tio, from  Sia, and
tpSetpeiv,  ' to  corrupt'   Corruption  in  general;
more especially corruption of the foetus in utero.
Hippocrates.   Also, corruption  of the  blood in
the stomach.—Galen.   See Abortion.
  DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic
  DIAPH'YSIS,  from liatpvw, T rise between.'
Interstit"ium, Discrimina'tio : 'an interstice, in-
terval, division.'  Any thing that separates two
bodies.  Also, the middle part or body of a long
bone, Corpus Ossis.  One of the ligaments of the
knee.—Hippocrates, Pare.
  DIA'PIA.   Some lexicographers use this word
synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppuration,
others have employed it in opposition to Myopia.
  DIAPLASIS. Conformation, Reduction.
  DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction.
  DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration.
  DIAPNOE, Perspiration.
  DIAPN03A, Perspiration.
  DIAPNOGENOUS   APPARATUS, see  Per-
spiration.
  DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic.
  DIAPOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the
vertebra?.
  DIAPORE'MA.  Anxiety, jactitation;  from
liaropew, ' I doubt'
  DIAPRU'NUM, Diacoccyme'lon.  A purgative
electuary, of which the pulps of prunes and rhu-
barb formed the  basis.  By adding to the dia-
prunum simplex a 24th part of  powdered scam-
mony, the Diapru'num resoluti'vum seu compos'-
itum was formed.  It was more active than the
former.
  DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration.
  DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration —d. Oculi, Hypo-
pyon.
  DIAPYET'ICA, Dyapye'mata, from Itarrvnpa,
liairvnais,  (lia, and  jthoi', 'pus,') 'suppuration.'
Medicines which  promote suppuration.
  DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative.
  DIAR.E'MIA,  (F.) Diai-emie,  from  ha,
'through,' piw, 'I flow,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'   A
pathological  condition, said  to be common ~ in
sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di-
minished in quantity; the blood itself thinner,
and transuding through the coats of the vessels
into the cavities.—Delafore.
  DIAREMIE, Diaraemia.
  DIARIA, Ephemera.
  DIARRHAGE, Fracture.
  DIARRHCE'A, from lia, 'through,' and pew,
' I  flow.'  Enterorrhce'a, Incontinen'tia aid, Alvi
proflu'vi.im, A. fluxus aquo'sus, Ventris projhl-
vium,  Cceliorrhce'a, Cceliol'ysis,  Alvus cittt,  Caca-
to'ria, Coprorrhce'a, Catar'rhus intestina'lis, Alvi
fluxus, Rheuma,  Epiph'ora Alvi,Fluxus alvlnus,
Lax'itas alvi, Deflux'io, Lax, Looseness, Purging,
(F.) Diarrhee, Devoiement, Catarrhe intestinal,
Flux  de Ventre,  Cours de Ventre, Courante.   A
disease characterized  by frequent liquid alvine
evacuations, and generally owing to inflammation
or  irritation of the mucous membrane of the in-
testines.  It is  commonly caused by  errors  in
regimen, the use of food  noxious  by its quality
or  quantity, Ac,  constituting the Diarrhce'a ster-
cora'ria,  D. Crapitlo'sa  of writers.  It may be
acute or chronic.  Many varieties have been
made by some nosologists—e. g. mucous,—Diar-
 rhce'a muco'sa, Blennoche'sia, Blcnnockc'zia ;  bi. 
DIARRHOiSCHESIS           28f
lious,—Pco-cholo'sia, Diarrhce'a bilio'sa; serous,
— Hydroehe'zio, Hydrodiarrhoe'a, Orrhoche'zia ;
dependent upon the matters evacuated. Diarrhoea
requires different treatment, according to its na-
ture.  If caused, as it often is, by improper mat-
ters in the intestinal canal, these must be evacu-
ated; and the astringent plan of treatment must
not be adopted, unless the discharges seem kept
up by irritability of the intestines, or unless they
are colliquative.  The indiscriminate use  of as-
tringents is to be deprecated.
  A very fatal diarrhoea prevails amongst the
native inhabitants of India, to which Mr. Tytler
has given the name Diarrhce'a  hec'tica,  because,
like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos-
session of the  constitution, to operate.upon  it
with scarcely any perceptible intermission, and,
in general, to defy the most powerful remedies.
  Diarrhcea  Adiposa,  Graa-fondure—d. cum
Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica, Cceliagra—d.
Biliosa, see Diarrhoea—d. Carnosa, Dysentery —
d. Chylosa, Coeliac flux—d.  Chymosa, Coeliac flux
—d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhcea—d. Cruenta, Ha?-
matochezia—d. Dyspeptica, Lientery — d. Hepa-
tica, Hepatirrhcea—d. Ingestorum, Lientery—d.
Lienteria, Lientery—d. Mucosa, see Diarrhoea—
d. Purulenta, Pyochezia—d. Sanguinolenta, Ha?-
matochezia—d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhoea—d.  in
Urina, Diabetes — d. Urinosa, Diabetes.
  DIARRHOiS'CHESIS, from Diarrhcea,  and
t\tais, ' arrest'  Arrest of a diarrhoea.
 ' DIARTHRO'DIAL,i>ut;f7troc('i'o7r«. Relating
60 diarthroses or movable articulations;  as diar-
thro'dial articulation. Diarthro'dial cartilages
or iucrusting cartilages are the cartilages which
invest the articular extremities  of bones.
  DIARTHRO'SIS, from liapSpow, (lia, and
apOpow,)  'I  separate  the limbs,' T articulate.'
Dearticula'tio, Prosarthro'sis, Aparthro'sis,  Ab-
articula'tio, Coarticula'tio, Perarticula'tio, Rota'-
tio, (F.) Emboiture.   A movable  articulation.
One which permits  the bones to move freely on
each other in every direction, as in  the case of
the shoulder joint.
  DIASATYRTON, from lia, and aarvpiov;' the
orchis  mas'cula.'   An electuary,  of which this
plant formed the basis. (?)—Myrepsus.   The an-
cients attributed to it the faculty of  exciting the
organs of generation.
  DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate.
  DIASCOR'DIUM, from lia, and axopltov, 'the
water germander.'  An electuary, so called be-
cause this  plant entered  into its  composition.
The  Parisian codex has  a formula for its prepa-
ration, under the title, Electua'rium opia'tum aa-
trin'gena vel dioacor'dium.  (R. fol.  scord.  ^iss,
roaar. rubr., biatort. rod., gentiana,  tormentilla,
aem. berber.  aa §ss,  zingib., piper,  long. aa. 3'j>
ca8aia lignea,  cinnamom., dictamn.  Cretene., sty-
rac.  calamit., galban., gum.  acacia  aa §ss, bol.
oriental, prapar. ^ij, extract vinos opii. gij, mel.
rosat. prap. Ibij,  via. hiapan. Bbss:  fiat electua-
rium.)  In place of the styrax calamita, the bal-
sam of tolu or benjamin may be used. The opium
is, in this preparation, in the proportion of 1  to
184.  The ,diascordium is employed in diarrhcea
and dysentery, as a tonic, stomachic, and astrin-
gent.  The common dose is  from a scruple to a
drachm and a half. See Pulvis creta? compositus.
  DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic.
  DIASPASIS, Divulsio.
  DIASPER'MATON.  The ancient  name  of
two  cataplasms,  composed  of seeds. — Galen,
Paulus.                               4^
  DIASPHYXIS,  Pulse.  Also,  a violent beat
of the pulse.
  DIASTAL'TIC,  Diaatal'ticus; from  lia,
DIASTEMATOPYELIA
'through,' and arcXXw, 'I enntract'  An epithet
applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to  the  reflex or
excito-motory system  of nerves;  because the
actions they induce are performed  ' through' the
spinal  marrow as their essential centre.
  DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic.
  DIASTASvE'MIA,  (F.) Diaatasemic,  from  Si-
aaraats, 'separation,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'  A patho-
logical condition, characterized by a separation
of the elements of the blood globules ;—the fibrin
and albumen separating also from the  colouring
matter, whilst  the  fibrin attaches  itself to the
valves  of the heart.—Delafore.
  DIASTASE.   Same etymon as the  next but
one.  A vegetable principle, allied in its general
properties to gluten, which  appears in  the ger-
mination  of barley and  other  seeds and, by its
presence,  converts  the  starch into sugar  and
gum.
  DIASTASEMIE, Diastasaemia.
  DIASTASIS, from  lia, and tarnpi, ' to place,'
'separation,'  'distance.'  Diaate'ma, Diasiden'tia.
A separation  of bones,  and particularly of the
bones  of  the cranium, from  each  other; of the
radius  from the ulna, and  the fibula  from the
tibia.   The ancients used this word to  designate
the three dimensions  of  the body, — length,
breadth, and- thickness; for the interval separat-
ing the patient from the  physician; the swelling
of varicose veins ; the time at which some change
occurred in disease, Ac.
  DIASTEMA, Diastasis, Interstice.
  DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from Itaampa, 'in-
terstice,' and eXvrpov, 'vagina.' An organic de-
viation, characterized by a longitudinal division
or fissure  of the vagina,—Breschet
  DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA, from liaarnpa,
and eyxetpaXos, ' the brain.' An organic deviation,
consisting in  a longitudinal division of the brain.
—Breschet.
  DIASTEMA'TIA, from liaarnpa. A  term em-
ployed by Breschet for an  organic deviation,
characterized by the presence of a fissure in tho
mesial  line of the body.
  DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from Itaampa, and
xavXos,  ' trunk.'  An organic  deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the  trunk.
  DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from  liaarnpa, and
XtiXos,  'the lip.'  An  organic deviation, consist-
ing in a longitudinal division or fissure of the lip.
  DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA, from liaarnpa, and
xpaviov, '  the  cranium.'  An  organic deviation,
consisting in a longitudinal deviation of the cra-
nium.
  DIASTEMATOCYSTIA,  from  liaarnpa, and
xvans,  ' bladder.'  An  organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the urinary
bladder.
  DIASTEMATOGASTRIA, from liaarnpa, and
yaarnp, 'the  stomach.'  An organic deviation,
characterized by a longitudinal division of the
stomach.
  DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from liaarnpa, and
yXwaaa, ' tongue' An  organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal  division or fissure of the
tongue.
  DIASTEMATOGNATHIA,  from   liaarnpa
and yvados,  'jaw.'  An  organic deviation, cha-
racterized by a longitudinal  division of the jaw.
  DIASTEMATOMETRIA, from  liaarnpa, and
pnrpa,  ' womb.'  An organic  deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
womb.
  DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from  liaarnpa, and
nviXos,  'pelvis.'  An organic  deviation, charac- 
DIASTEMATORACIIIA          287               DICTAMNUS
terized by a longitudinal division  or fissure  of
the pelvis.
   DIASTEMATORA'CHIA, from  liaarnpa, and
paxis,  ' spine.'   An  organic deviation, characte-
rized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
spine.
   DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from  liaarnpa, and
piv, 'the nose.'  An organic deviation, characte-
rized by a longitudinal division of the nose.
   DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA, from liaarnpa,
and aratpvXn, ' uvula.'  An organic  deviation,
characterized by a longitudinal division of the
uvula.
   DIASTEMATOSTER'NIA, from liaarnpa, and
arepvov,  'the  sternum.'  An organic  deviation,
characterized by a longitudinal division of the
sternum.
   DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from Itaampa,  and
tvrepov, ' intestine.'  An organic deviation, cha-
racterized  by a longitudinal division of the in-
testine.
   DIASTOLE, from SiaareXXw, (Sia and areXXw,
'I send,')  T dilate,'  'I open.'  Relaxa'tio seu
Remis'sio  cordia et  arteria'rum.  Dilatation of
the heart  and arteries, when  the  blood enters
their  cavities.  It is  the opposite movement  to
syatole, in which the heart and arteries contract
to send forth the blood. Diastole and syatole are,
consequently, successive movements.  Diaatole,
Motua cordis diostol'ticua, occurs simultaneously
in the two  ventricles.   The almost inappreciable
time,  which  elapses  between  the  diastole  and
systole has  been  called perisys'tole,  and  that
which succeeds  to   the  diastole,  peridiastole.
AVhen we speak of the contraction  or systole of
the heart,  as well as of its diastole or dilatation,
we mean that of the ventricles.  This dilatation
is active.
   DIASTOLEUS, Dilator.
   DIASTOLIC,  Diastol'icna, DiastaVticua;
same  etymon.  Belonging to the diastole  of the
heart—as • diastolic impulse  of the heart'
   Diastolic Impulse of the  Heart, see  Im-
pulse,  diastolic.
   DIASTOMOTRIS,  from  liaaropow, (lia, and
tsropa,  ' mouth.')  ' I dilate an aperture.'   Dilat-
ing instruments, such as the different kinds of
specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, Ac.
   DIASTREMAIA,Distortion,Perversion,Sprain.
   DI ASTROPHE, Distortion, Perversion, Sprain.
   DIAT'ASIS, Disten'sio,  from Stareivw, (lia,
and  nivw,  'I  stretch,') T distend.'  Tension.
The reduction  of a  fracture by extension  and
counter-extension.
   DIATES'SARON, fromSia, and reaaapes, 'four.
An electuary, into the  composition of which en-
tered  four  medicines;  viz. the roots of gentian,
aristolochia rotunda, and bay-berries, each ^ij,
honey  ttiij.   The  whole was incorporated with
extract of  juniper.  The diapentes is  nothing
more than this electuary, mixed with two ounces
of ivory shavings.  The diatessaron  is tonic, and
it was  formerly employed in cases of stings  and
bites of venomous  animals.  It was regarded as
euimenagogue, alexiterial, and alexipharmic
  DIATHESIS, from lianOnpi, (lia, and ndnpi,
'to place,') T  dispose.' Disposition, constitu-
tion, affection of the body : predisposition to cer-
tain diseases rather than to others ; — (F.) Immi-
nence  morbidr.  The  principal  diatheses, men-
tioned  by authors,  are  the cancerous, acrofuloua,
scorbutic, rheumatic, gouty and calculoua.
  Diathesis  H.^morrhoidalis, see  Haemor-
rhoids—d. Hemorrhagic Hematophilia—d. Ner-
vosa,   Nervous diathesis — d.  Rheumatic,  see
Rheumatic — d. Sthenica, Sthenia.
   DIATRAGACANTIIUS.   A  powder  com-
 posed of gum tragacanth, 3ij, gum Arabic, ^j and
 gij, atarch, £*s,  liquorice, 3'ij> as much of the
 aeeda of the melon, and white poppy ; eeeda of the
 water-melon, cucumber,  and  gourd,  and eugar
 candy ^iij.  It was used as a demulcent.
   DIATRESIS,  Perforation.
   DIATRIMMA, Chafing.
   DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion.
   DIATRI'ON,  Diatrlum, from lia, and  rpns,
 'three.*  A medicine composed of three ingre-
 dients.   There were  formerly two kinds.   TYxe
 first was called Diatrlum Pipe'reon ape'eiea, and
 was formed of black and  long  pepper, aniaeed,
 thyme,  and ginger.  It was highly stimulating.
 The second species was  known under the name,
 Diatrinaan'talon, Diatri'um Santalo'rum pulvis,
 or Powder of the  three Sanders.  They were con-
 sidered diaphoretic.
   DIATRITA'RII.   The Methodists were so
 called,  who  pretended to  cure all diseases by
 subjecting the  patients to treatment every third
 day.
   DIAT'RITOS.   Relating to every third day.
 A means used by the Methodists to cure disease.
   DIAZOMA, Diaphragm.
   DIAZOSMA, Diaphragm.
   DIAZOSTER, from lia^wvvvpi,  (lia, and c]wv-
 vvpi,  'to  gird,') ' I surround.'  The twelfth ver-
 tebra of the back, because it  corresponds to the
 girdle, $wamp.
  DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm.
  DICENTRA CANADENSIS, Squirrel corn,
 Colic weed.  Family, Fumariacea?.   An indigen-
 ous plant, growing  from Maine to AVisconsin,
 which flowers  in May, the flowers having the
 odour of hyacinths.  It has been  given internally
 in syphilis, and applied externally in syphilis and
 gonorrhoea.
  DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium.
  DICEPIPALUS, Biceph'alus, Derod'ymus et
 lod'ymus, Janus,  from It, 'double,' and  xetpaXn,
 ' head.'   A monster with two heads.
  DICERAS RUDE, Ditrachyceras  rudis,  see
 AVorms.
  DICHALCON.   A  weight,  equal to  a third
 part of the obolus.
  DICHOPHY'IA, from  liXa,  ' double,' and fvw,
 ' I grow.'  A disease of the hairs, in which they
 split and grow forked.
  DICHROMOS,  Verbena officinalis.
  DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal.
  DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from ItxXis, 'a double
 door,' and oarwats, 'ossification.'  Ossification of
 valves—as of the  heart.
  DICLIS, Valve.
  DICOR'YPHUS, Dicra'nvs, from Si, 'double,'
 xopvtpn, 'the crown of the head.'  A monster with
 a double vertex or cranium.
  Dicoryphus Dihypogastrius, Hemipages.
  DICRANUS, Dicoryphus.
  DI'CROTUS, Bisfer'iens, from Sit, 'twice,' and
 xpvw,  ' I strike'  An  epithet  given to the pulse,
 when it seems to  beat twice as fast as usual.   It
is  synonymous with  the term rebounding,  the
 artery rebounding after striking, so as to con-
vey the sensation  of a double pulsation.   It has
been  considered,  and with  truth, to frequently
foretell  hemorrhage.  In bad cases of typhus, it
certainly announces such a tendency.
  DICTAMNE, Dictamnus albus — d.
 Origanum dictamnus.
  DICTAM'XUS  ALBUS, from Dictamnus, a
town  in Crete;  D. Fraxinel'la, Fraxinella Dic-
tamnus,   White  Fraxinel'la,  Bastard Dittany,
 fraxinel'la, (F.) Dictamne, Fraxine'le.  The fresh
de Crlte, 
DICTYITIS
288
DIET
root has been considered  nervine, anthelmintic,
ammenagogue.  It is not used.
   Dictamnus  Creticus, Origanum dictamnus—
d. Fraxinella,  Dictamnus albus.
   DICTYITIS, Retinitis.
   DICTYON, Rete.
   DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria.
   DIDYMAL'GIA, from lilvpot,  'the testicles,'
and aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain in the testicles.
   DIDYMIS,  Epididymis.
   DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis.
   DIDYMOS, Gemellus.
   DIDYMUS, Testicle —d. Symphyogastrius,
Gastrodidymus—d. Symphyohypogastricus, Hy-
pogastrodidymus — d. Symphyoperinaeus, Pygo-
didymus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco-
gastrodidymus.
   DIECBOLTON, from lia, and exfiaXXw, T cast
out' A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy
which  they believed capable of producing  abor-
tion.
   DIERENBACH,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
Dierenbach is a city in Bavaria, two leagues from
which is a sulphurous spring.
   DIERVIL'LA TRIFTDA,  Bush honeysuckle.
An indigenous plant of the Honeysuckle tribe—
Lonicera?—whose flowers  appear from June to
August.  It has been used as a diuretic; and in
gonorrhoea and syphilis.
  DIES, He'mera, A day, (F.) Jour.  The day
is, properly, the period during which the  solar
light illumines our horizon : but commonly, also,
we designate  by the word day the period of 24
hours or Nycthe'meron, which is  frequently di-
vided into four parts—morrring, midday, evening,
and midnight  In antiquity,  great importance
was attached to the observation of days in dis-
ease.  The medical day is usually reckoned at
24 hours,—universally in estimating the duration
of a disease.  In  parts of the United States, it
comprises only the time when  the sun  is above
the  horizon,  as regards  the  administration of
medicine, so that if a  medicine be ordered to be
taken four times a day, it is understood to mean
during the 12 hours of day.
  Dies Caniculares, see Canieula—d.  Contem-
plabiles, Critical days — d. Contemplantes, Inch-
oating days—d.  Critici, Critical days—d. Peere-
torii, Critical  days — d. Indicantes,  Indicating
days—d. Indicatorii, Indicating days—d. Indices,
Indicating days — d. Internuntii, Critical days—
d. Judicatorii, Critical days—d. Radicales, Criti-
cal  days.
  DIET, Dia'ta, Diate'ma, Ra'tio victils.   Ori-
ginally, this word signified nearly the same thing
as Hygiene and Regimen, that is, Diet was the
employment of every thing necessary for the  pre-
servation of health and life. At the present  day,
it signifies a particular kind of food, and, at times,
a privation of food and drink;—abstinence.  To
put any one upon diet, (F.) mettre quelqu'un  tl la
diete, means to deprive him of his usual  nourish-
ment :—milk diet means a diet  of milk, Ac.   See
Aliment, Dietetics, Hygiene, and Regimen.
  Diet Scale.  Every  well regulated  hospital
has certain dietetic regulations.  The following
Table of Dietary shows the particular  regimen
selected for the sick, in certain  hospitals.
DIET-TABLE  OF DIFFERENT  HOSPITALS  OF GREAT BRITAIN,  IRELAND,  AND
                                THE  UNITED  STATES.

                                      I.  ENGLAND.
                                 London Hospitals.
                                    1. London Hoapital.
1 1 f	COMMON diet.	middle diet.	LOW DIET.	MTLK diet.
	12 oz. Bread.			
	1 pint Porter, Men. i pint do., Women.		8 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
	Gruel. 8 oz. Beef, with Po-tatoes, thrice a week. 8 oz. Mutton, with	The same, except that 4 oz. of Meat shall be given in-	Gruel.	Gruel.
	Potatoes, twice a	stead of 8 oz.	Broth.	1 pint Milk.
	week.			
	8 oz. Potatoes and			
	Soup,with vegeta-			
I	bles,twiceaweek.			
	1 pint of Broth.	J	Gruel or Broth.	1 pint Milk.
				
	2. St.	Bartholomew'a Hoapital.		
r	COMMON DIET.	broth duet.	THIN OR FEVER DIET.	MTLK DIET.
	Milk Porridge. 12 oz. Bread. 6 oz. Mutton or Beef. 1 pint Broth [with Peas or Potatoes, 4 times a week.] 2 pints Beer, Men. 1 pint, Women. 1 oz. Butter, twice a week.	Milk Porridge. 12 oz. Bread. 2 pints Broth. 1 pint Beer. 1 oz. Butter.	Milk Porridge. 12 oz. Bread. 1 pint of Milk, with Tapioca, Arrow root,Sago,orRice, as may be pre-scribed. Barley water.	Milk Porridge. 12 oz. Breach 2 pts. Milk,with Ta-pioca, Arrow-root, Sago, or Rice, as may be prescribed. Barley water. 1 oz. Butter. Bread Pudding,! three times a week,! when ordered.
				
 
DIET                   289

              3. St. Thomas's Hospital.
DIET
	FULL DIET.	MTLK DIET.	DRT DIET.	FEVER DIET.
	2 pints Beer; 14 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	14 oz. Bread, 2 pints Beer.	12 oz. Bread; two pints Beer.
Breakfast ....	Water Gruel.	1 pint Milk.	Water Gruel.	Water Gruel.
	1 lb. of Beef when dress-	1 pint Milk, 4 times	4 oz. Butter, 4 times	| lb. Beef, for tea.
	ed, twice a week; 4oz.	a week.	aweek; RicePud-	
	Butter, or 6 oz. of	RicePudding, thrice	ding and 4 oz.	
	Cheese, thrice a week;	a week.	of Butter, three	
	£ lb. Mutton when		times a week.	
	boiled, thrice a week.			
	1 pt. Broth, 4 times a week.	1 pint Milk.		
4.  St. George's Hospital.
	EXTRA DIET.	ORDINARY diet.	FISH DIET.	FEVER DIET.	BROTH DIET.	MTLK DIET.
	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
	Men.	1 pint Beer.		Barley Water		
	2 pints Beer. Women. |l£ pint Beer.			ad libitum.		
Breakfaat . ■	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.
	\i pint Milk.	1 pint Milk.	J pint Milk.	J pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	1 pint Milk.
f	12 oz. Meat,					
	roasted		4 oz. of plain	Arrow-root	1 pint Broth	1£ pint Rice.
	(weighed	One-half of	boiled white	Ac, must be	6 oz. light	Milk four
	with the bone	the meat al-	fish (as Whi-	specially di-	Pudding.	days.
Dinner.... -j	before it is	lowed for ex-	ting, Plaice,	rected.		
	dressed) four	tra diet.	Flounders, or			£ lb. Bread or
	days,—boiled;	£ lb. Potatoes.	Haddock.)			Rice Pudding
	three days. £					three days.
	lb. Potatoes.					
Supper.... \	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Gruel.	£ pint Milk.
	i pint Milk.	J pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	J pint Milk.	
5. Guy's  Hoapital.
Daily . \ 1	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET. | LOW DIET.		MTLK DIET.	FEVER DUET.
	14 oz. Bread. IJ oz. Butter. 1 qt. Table Beer. 8 oz. Meat, when dressed.	12 oz. Bread. IJ oz. Butter. 1 pt. Table Beer. 4oz. Meat, when dressed, and J pint Broth.	12 oz. Bread. 1 oz. Butter. Tea and Sugar. Half a pound c root	12 oz. Bread. 1 oz. Butter. 2 pints Milk. f Beef, (for Beef-?r Sago, when ore	6 oz. Bread. 1 oz. Butter. Tea and Sugar. tea,) or Arrow-ered.
	For each Diet, Gruel or Barley-water, as required.				
6.  Weatminater Hoapital.
Daily .
Breakfaat <
Dinner..
Supper.
14 oz. Bread.
I pint Milk
 Porridge, or
 Pice Gruel.

 J  lb. Meat,
MIDDLE DIET.
10 oz. Bread.
              1 pint Milk
                Porridge, or
                thin Gruel.
                J lb. Meat,
roasted, boiled,'roasted, boiled
   or chops.      or chops.

■1 lb. of Pota-'j lb. of Pota
     toes.
1 pint Milk
!  Porridge, o:
I  Rice Gruel.
toes.
1 pint Milk
  Porridge, or
  thin Gruel.
   Fixed.
J lb. Bread.
1 pint Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
No fixed Diet
  for Dinner.
1 pint Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
Caaual.
1 pint Broth,
  or J lb. of
Bread, or Rice
  Pudding, or
lpt Beef Tea,
  or a Chop,
   or Fish.
 SPOON, OR
FEVER DIET.
INCURABLES'
   MET.
2 lb. Bread.
1 pint  Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
Barley AVater
1 pint  Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
I lb. Bread.
J lb. Meat.
£ lb. Potatoes.
I pint Milk.
1 pint Porter.
19 
DIET                   290                   DIET
7.  Middleaex Hoapital.
	DLETA CARNIS,	DLETA JUSCCLI,	DLETA LACTIS,	DLETA SIMPLEX,	
	OR	OR	OR	OR	CANCER DIET.
Daily ....	MEAT MET.	SOUP MET.	MTLK DIET.	SIMPLE MET.	
	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	6 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
					£ lb Meat.
					£ lb. Potatoes.
					1 pint Milk.
Breakfaat.	1 pint Milh.	1 pint Milk.	1 pint Milk.	1 pint Barley-water.	
'	Physician's Patients.	1 pint Soup,	£ pint of Milk	1 pint Gruel.	
	\ lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz.	made with 4	with Rice-pud-		
	dressed meat, (beef or	oz. Beef, alter-	ding, 4 days,		
	mutton,) roast and	nately with 1	and with Bat-		
	boiled alternately, 4	pint of Broth	ter-pudding, 3		
	days.	with Barley.	days.		
Dinner . -	4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3 days. Surgeon'8 Patients. f lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. dressed meat, (beef or mutton,) roast and boiled alternately.				«
	1 pint Gruel alternately	1 pint Gruel.	£ pint Milk or	1 pint Gruel	
Supper . -	with 1 pint of Barley-water.		1 pint Gruel.	or Barley-wa-ter.	
8. North London Hospital.
t	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	LOW DIET.	MILK DIET.
	16 oz. Bread. £ pint Milk. £ lb. Meat and £ lb. Potatoes 4 days. 1 pt. Soup or Rice 3 days.	16 oz. Bread. £ pint Milk. 1 pint Soup or Rice.	8 oz. Bread. £ pint Milk. Oatmeal for Gruel.	17 oz. Bread. 2 pints Milk.
				
9.  King's College Hospital.
1 pint Beer, or
£ pint Porter.
14 oz. Bread.
1 pt. Milk Por-
  ridge.
£ lb. Meat.
£ lb. Potatoes.
1 pt Milk Por-
  ridge.
MIDDLE MET.
14 oz. Bread.

1 pt. Milk Por-
  ridge.
£ lb. Meat.
£ lb. Potatoes.
1 pt. Milk Por-
  ridge.
MILE DIET.
1 lb. Bread.

1 pint Milk.

1 pint Milk.

1 pint Gruel.
8 oz. Bread.


1 pint Gruel.

1 pint Broth.

1 pt. Milk Por-
  ridge.
1 pint Gruel.

2 pints Barley-
  water.
1 pt. Milk Por-
  ridge.
10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship.
Breakfast... \	FULL MET.	ORDINARY DIET.	LOW DIET.	MILK MET.	FEVER DIET.
	1 pint Tea, 1 lb. Bread. I lb. Meat. 3 lb. Potatoes. 2 pints Beer, (if ordered.) 1 pint Broth.	Ditto. Ditto. £ lb. Meat. £ lb. Potatoes. 1 pint Beer, (if ordered.) 1 pint Broth or Gruel.	Ditto. £ lb. Bread. 1 pint of Beef Tea. 1 pint Gruel or Milk, (if or-dered.	Ditto. 1 lb. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Milk.	Ditto. Gruel. Gruel or Bar-ley-water.
 
DIET                 291                  DIET
1 HOSPITALS.	ordinary diet.	LOW DIET.
Liverpool.	Breakfast.—A pint milk porridge, breaded every morn'g. Dinner.—(1, 5, 7*) —Boiled beef and vegetobles.—(2) —Rice, milk, and bread.—(3)—Stewed beef and po-tatoes.—(4)—Pea soup and bread.—(6)—Ale, gruel, and bread. Supper. — A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days. Full Diet. — The same as the ordinary diet.	Consists throughout the day of milk porridge, common batter, or rice, pudding. The ale and beer are bought.
Bristol.	Breakfast.—On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur-day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday, and Fri-day, meat broth ; 12 oz. of bread on meat days; 14 oz. on the other days. Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—Three-four.ths of a pound of meat, with vegetables ; two pints of beer daily.—(2, 4, 6, 7) —A pint of gruel or pap. Supper.—A wine pint of gruel of meal broth on Sun-day ; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz. of butter for the women, on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. Full Diet. — The patients have meat every day.	Breakfast.—A wine quart of milk porridge or milk. Dinner. — A wine quart of weak broth. Supper. — The same as breakfast, 14 oz. of bread, and barley-wa-ter for common drink. 20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs. of hops to 14 gals, of strong ale; 21 bush, of malt, and 12 pounds of hops, to 360 gals, of ale ; 11 bush, of malt 7 pounds of hops, to 360 gals, of small beer.
Birmingham. Revised 1819.	Breakfast.—To each man a pint and a half of milk por-ridge, with 4 oz. of bread added to it To each wo-man or child, one pint of milk porridge without bread. To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily. Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz. To each patient, 6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily.—(2)— To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth, made with a variety of vegetables; to each woman or child, one pint and a half. —(4) — Twelve ounces of boiled rice or bread pudding. — (6) — Four oz. of boiled or baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with a variety of vegetables.—(7)—Six oz. of baked rice or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth, made with a variety of vegetables. Supper.—A pint of broth,, milk porridge, or gruel. Full Diet. — Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet. Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz. of vege-tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper, the same as ordinary diet.	Breakfast.—The same as ordinary diet. Dinner.—A pint of broth or rice milk, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding to each pa-tient every day. Supper. — The same as ordinary diet.
II. SCOTLAND.
Edinburgh.	Breakfast. — One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of milk or beer; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine bread, milk or beer. Dinner. — (1,4) — One chopin of broth, 8 ounces of butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak ; five and one-fourth ounces of bread.— (2, 5, 7) — A chopin of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats, pota-toes, and vegetables; five and a-half ounces of bread. —(3, 6) — Potato soup, with beef and veal, or bones ; bread as above. Supper.—As the breakfast each day. Full Diet.—At discretion.	At discretion.
Glasgow.	Breakfast. — Milk porridge, quantity not limited, with half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of buttermilk or beer. Dinner. — (1) — Broth made of barley, vegetables, and the dripping of the meat roasted during the week, with a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman.— (2, 4)—Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the women ; a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a wo-man,—or vegetables.—(3, 6)—Broth, made with beef, barley, and vegetables; a quartern loaf to men, and half to women. — (5) — Potato soup, with cow heels, bones, Ac. — (7) —Six oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to women ; bread as above. Supper.—As the breakfast each day. Full Diet.—At discretion.	At discretion.
* The figures in parentheses denote the days of the week. 
DIET               292              DIET
III. IRELAND.
'■ 5. Hospitals of House of Industry. Stephen's Hospital.	Per diem.—Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. Full Diet. — Two ounces of bread per diem, one quart of broth, one quart of new milk.	One pint of flummery per diem, one quart of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey.
	Breakfast.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk. Dinner.—(1, 2, 3, 5, 7)—One quart of soup, half a pound of bread, or two pounds of potatoes ; one pint of milk or beer. — (4, 6) —Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of sweetened gruel.	Daily, half a pound of bread, two quarts of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk.
Royal Hos-pital, Phoe-nix Park.	Breakfaat.—One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. Dinner.—Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound of bread ; one pound of potatoes. Supper.—One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. Full Diet. — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart of beer.	Breakfast.—Tea. Dinner. — Half a pound of bread made into pa-nada or pudding. V Breakfast. — Flummery, one pint; new milk, one pint, Supper.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk.
Richmond Hospital.	Breakfaat.—One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk. Dinner.—Bread, 8 oz.; soup, 1 quart. Supper.—Bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint. Full Diet.—Breakfast, bread, 8 oz.; new milk, one pint.—Dinner, bread, 8 oz.; mutton or beef, 8 oz.— Supper, bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint.	
Belfast Hospital.	Breakfaat.—One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk. Dinner.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of new milk. Supper.—One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk. Full Diet.—-Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk.—Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of milk.—Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new milk.	Per diem. — Quarter of a pound of bread, one quart of gruel, three pints of new milk, half a pint of flummery. Barley water at occa-sions.
Cork Fever Hospital.	Breakfaat.—One half quartern loaf for every four, and one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a quartern loaf for every eight Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—One pound of beef, and two pounds of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pound of beef, and one pound of potatoes. — (2, 4, 6, 7) — Potatoes and milk. Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for adults; half do. for children.	Breakfast. — One-fourth of a lb. of bread, with milk and water sweet-ened. Dinner. — Gruel, broth, wine, and porter, as or-dered by the physician.
IV. UNITED STATES.
Pennsylva-nia Hospi-tal, Philada.	Breakfast.—Tea, coffee, or chocolate, with sugar or mo-lasses and milk,and common baker's bread at discretion. Dinner.—Soup always; meat of two kinds—mutton and beef, generally—pork frequently ; vegetables, accord-ing to the season; potatoes and rice, always. Supper. — Tea and bread : no butter allowed either to breakfast or supper, unless prescribed.	Gruel, gum water, barley water, and other arti-cles prescribed by the physician.
Philadel-phia Hospital, (Blockley.)	House Diet. — Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice water, bar-ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The diet on which the sick are placed on entering the house until otherwise directed.) Moderate Diet. — Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush, milk, potatoes, Ac. Full Diet. — Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, Ac.	The kind and quantity left to the physician. The House Diet may be regarded as low diet.
New York Hospital, N. York City.	Breakfast. — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to every six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. Dinner.—Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur-days, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread. On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses. Supper.—The same as breakfast.	Special diet is directed by the attending phy-sician, and adapted to each case.
 
DIET  DRINK
293
DIGESTIBLE
  The  7>iYt Scale of the British A'avy allows from
31 to 35£ ounces of dry nutritious matter daily;
of which 26  ounces are vegetable, and the rest
animal — 9 ounces of salt meat, or 4£ ounces  of
fresh.
  That of the Navy of the United  States is  as
follows -.— Three days in  the week—Pork, 16 oz.;
beans or peas, 7 oz.; biscuit, 14 oz.; pickles  or
cranberries, 1 oz.; sugar, 2 oz.;  tea, £ oz.; —40£
OZ.   Tiro  days in the week — Beef, 16 oz. ; flour,
8 oz. ;  fruit, dried, 4 oz. ; biscuit, 14 oz.; tea and
sugar,  2£ oz.; pickles or cranberries, 1  oz.; —
4-0 £ oz.  Two day a in the week — Beef, 16 oz.;
rice, 8  oz.; butter,  2 oz.; cheese,  2 oz.;  biscuit,
14 oz.;  tea and sugar, 2£ oz.;  pickles  or cran-
berries, 1 oz.;—45£ oz.
  In tho Edinburgh workhouse the  total  allow-
ance of dry food is about 17 ounces —13  ounces
vegetable, and 4 ounces animal.  In the Edin-
burgh children's  poor-house, the diet consists  of
milk  and  porridge, barley  broth  and  bread,
amounting to 13 ounces of vegetable food  to 4
ounces of animal.  These allowances have been
found ample  for the maintenance of health.  Per-
haps the case of the smallest quantity of food  on
which  life was vigorously supported was that of
Cornaro,—not more than 12 ounces a day,  chiefly
of vegetable matter, for a period of 58 years.
  DIET DRINK.  A decoction or potion, va-
riously composed, and used in considerable quan-
tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood.  The
Decoc'tum Luaitan'icum or Lisbon  Diet-drink,  is
one of the most celebrated.   See Decoctum Sar-
saparillas Compositum.
  DIETARY, TABLE OF, see Diet Scale.
  DIETET'ICS, Diatet'ice,  Diatet'ica,  Medi-
cina Diatet''ica ;  same etymon.  (F.) Dietetique.
A branch of medicine,  comprising the rules to  be
followed for preventing, relieving, or curing dis-
eases by diet.  Dietetics  is diet  administered ac-
cording to principle.  It is an important part  of
Hygiene.   A well regulated system of  diet has
great power in checking  disease, and likewise in
preventing it.  A proper knowledge of dietetics
is, indeed, as  important  as  that of the Materia
Medica, strictly so called.
  Dietetics has  been used, also,  synonymously
with Hygiene.
  DIETETIQUE,  Dietetics.
  DIETETTSTS, Diatetis'ta.  Physicians who
apply only the rulos of dietetics  to the treatment
of disease.
  DIEU-LE-FILT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in France, are  chaly-
beate, and much sought after.
  DIEURYSMUS, Dilatation.
  DIEX'ODOS, from lia, and cljolos, 'an exit  or
way out'   Dlodoa.  Any opening by which an
excretion takes place.
  DIFFERENTIAL  DIAGNOSIS, see Diacri-
tica signa.
  DIFFICULTAS  INTESTINORUM, Dysen-
tery.
  DIFFLATIO, Perspiration.
  DIFFORMITE, Deformation.
  DIFFUSED BLOWING SOUND,  see  Mur-
mur, respiratory.
  DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants)  from diffundere,
(di8,  and fundere,  fuaum, ' to  pour,')  ' to pour
apart or abroad.'  Those stimulating medicines
are so called, which  augment the  action of the
vascular and  nervous systems in an acute  but
transitory manner.
  DIGAS'TRICUS, from lis, 'twice,' and yaarnp>
'a  belly:'  Biven'ter,  B.  Maxilla, Dep'rimeita
Maxilla Biven'ter, Bigos'ter, (F.) Masto'idohyo-
genien,  Masto'ido -genien — (Ch.,)  Digastrique,
Abaisseur de la machoire inferieure.  The  namo
Digastricus was formerly given  to  several mus-
cles.  It is now restricted to one of the muscles
of the superior hyoid region.  The  digastricus is
thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin and ten-
dinous at its middle.  It is attached to  the mas-
toid groove of the temporal bone, and   to a fos-
sette at the side of the symphysis menti.  Its ten-
don passes through an aponeurotic ring, which is
attached to the os hyoides.
  The use of the  digastricus is to depress  the
lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to carry
it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition.
  The strong double-bellied muscle, which forms
the gizzard of birds, is also called Digaatricua.
  Digastricus Cranii, Occipito-frontalis.
  DIGASTRIQUE, Digastricus.
  DIGERENTIA, Digestives.
  DIGES'TIBLE, Concoc'tus  hob'ilis.   Capable
of being digested.  All food is  not equally di-
gestible, and some of the most nourishing is the
least so :—the fat of meat, for example.   Certain
substances, again, are entirely  rebellious.   The
following table exhibits the time required for the
stomachal  digestion of different  alimentary sub-
stances, in a well-known case, which fell under
the care of Dr. Beaumont.  The table is  extracted
from the Author's  Human  Health, Philadelphia,
1844.  The most digestible substances  are taken
as the standard, which has been  arbitrarily fixed
at 1,000 ; and accordingly, ttponeuroai8, the first
article in  the  table,  requiring  3 hours, whilst
pigs'  feet soused, rice, Ac, require but one, its
digestibility,  compared with that of these ali-
ments, is placed as 333  to 1000; and so of the others.
It need scarcely be said, that all these tabular
results apply, in strictness, to the individual con-
cerned only ; yet they afford useful comparative
views, which  with  exceptions depending  upon
individual  peculiarities, may be  regarded as  ap-
proximations applicable to mankind in general. 
DIGESTIO
294
DIGITAL BLANC
Aliments.
Aponeurosis.............
A pples, mellow..........
 Do.   sour, hard........
 Do.   sweet, mellow ...
Barley...................
Bass, striped, fresh.......
Beans, pod...............
 Do.  and green corn....
Beef, fresh, lean, rare.....
 Do.  do.   do.  dry.....
 Do.  do.   steak........
 Do. with salt only......
 Do. with mustard, &c..
 Do......................
 Do. old, hard salted.....
Beets....................
Brains, animal...........
Bread, corn  ..............
 Do,  wheat, fresh......
Butterf..................
Cabbage, head...........
  Do.    with vinegar...
  Do....................
Cake, corn...............
 Do.  sponge............
Carrot, orange...........
Cartilage................
Catfish,  fresh............
Cheese, old, strong.......
Chicken, full grown......
Codfish, cured dry........
Corn (green)and beans...
Custard..................
Duck, domesticated......
 Do.  wild..............
Dumpling,  apple.........
Esss, fresh..............
 Do.    do...............
 Do.    do...............
 Do,    do...............
 Do.    do...............
 Do.    do..............
Flounder, fresh..........
Fowls, domestic.........
  Do.    do.............
Gelatin..................
Goose, wild..............
Heart, animal...........
Lamb, fresh.............
Liver, beefs, fresh.......
Form of
prepara-
SS
boiled
raw
do.
do.
boiled
broiled
boiled
  do.
roasted
  do.
broiled
boiled
  do.
fried
boiled
boiled
boiled
baked
baked
melted
raw
do.
boiled
baked
  do.
boiled
  do.
fried
raw
fricasseed
boiled
boiled
baked
roasted
  do.
boiled
hard boiled
soft boiled
fried
roasted
raw
whipped
fried
boiled
roasted
boiled
roasted
fried
boiled
  do.
h.m
3

2 50
I 50
2
3
2 30
3 45
3
3 30
3
  45
3 30
4
4 15
3 45
1 45
3 15
3 30
3 30
■2 30
2
4 30
3
2 30
3 J 5
4 15
3 30
3 30
2 45
2
3 45
2 45
4
4 30
3
3 30
3
3 30
2 15
2
 I 30
3 30
4
4
2 30
2 30
4
2 30
2
333
500
352
545
500
333
400
200
333
285
333
303
285
250
235
200
571
302
285
285
400
500
222
333
400
302
235
285
285
303
500
200
303
250
222
333
285
333
285
444
500
000
285
250
250
400
400
250
400
500
Aliments.
■o - - - ii
Form of
prepara-
Marrow, animal, spinal
Meat and vegetables ...
Milk..................
 Do....................
Mutton, fresh..........
  Do.    do...........
  Do.    do...........
Ovsters, fresh..........
  Do.    do...........
  Do.    do...........
Parsnips...............
Pig. sucking...........
Pigs' feet, soused.......
Pork, fat and lean.....
 Do. recently salted....
 Do.      do..........
 Do.      do..........
 Do.      do..........
 Do.      do..........
Potatoes, Irish.........
   Do.     do.........
   Do.     do..........
Rice...................
Sago..................
Salmon, salted.........
Sausage, fresh.........
Soup, barley...........
 Do.  bean............
 Do.  beef, vegetables, and
        bread............
 Do.  chicken...........
Soup marrow bones.....,
 Do. mutton............
 Do. oyster.............,
Suet, beef, fresh.........,
 Do. mutton...........
Tapioca................
Tendon, boiled..........,
Tripe, soused...........,
Trout, salmon, fresh ....
  Do.     do.............
Turkey, domestic.......
   Do.      do...........
   Do.    wild...........
Turnips, flat............
Veal, fresh..............
 Do.   do...............
Vegetables  and   meat
        hashed .........
Venison, steak.........
boiled
hashed
boiled
raw
roasted
broiled
boiled
raw
roasted
stewed
boiled
roasted
boiled
roasted
boiled
fried
broiled
raw
stewed
boiled
roasted
baked
boiled
  do.
  do.
broiled
boiled
  do.

  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
fried
roasted
boiled
roasted
boiled
hroiled
fried

warmed
broiled
lion
2 40
2 30
2
2
3
3
3
2 55
3 15
3 30
2 30
2 30
I
5 15
4 30
4 15
3 15
3
3
3 30
2 30
3 20
1
1 45
4
3 20
1 30
3

4
3
4 15
3 30
3 30
5 30
4 30
2
5 30
1
1 30
1 30
2 30
2 25
2 18
3 30
4
4 30

2 30
 1 35
 375
 400
 500
 444
 307
 333
 333
 342
 307
 285
 400
 400
1000
 1<J0
 222
 235
 302
 333
 333
 285
 400
 400
1000
 571
 250
 300
 006
 333

 250
 333
 235
 285
 285
 181
 222
 500
 181
1000
 OOti
 006
 400
 511
 435
 285
 250
 222

 400
 631
  * Pigs' fe%t soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are estimated at 1000.
  f In the ease of oils, and other substances of similar natura, which undergo little digestion in the stomach,
the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum.
  DIGESTIO   DEPRAYATA,  Dyspepsia—d.
Difficilis, Dyspepsia — d. Lassa, Dyspepsia.
  DIGES'TION, Digest'io, from digere,  ' to dis-
solve' ;  Coctio,  C. Cibo'rum,  Pep'sis, Digea'tive
Proc"e8s.  Digestion  is a function, by means of
which  alimentary  substances, when introduced
into the digestive canal, undergo different altera-
tions.  The object of this is to convert them into
two parts ; the  one, a reparatory juice,  destined
to renew the perpetual waste  occurring in  the
economy:  the  other,  deprived of its nutritious
properties, to be rejected from the body.  This
function is  composed of a series of organic  ac-
tions, differing according to the particular organi-
zation of the animal.   In man they are  eight in
number, viz. 1.  Prehension of food.  2. Mastica-
tion. 3. Insalivation.  4.  Deglutition.  5. Action
»f the  stomach.  6. Action of  the small intestine.
7. Action of the large intestine.  8. Expulsion of
the faeces.
   Digestion is also a pharmaceutical operation,
which consists in treating certain solid substances
with water,  alcohol,  or other  menstruum, at a
slightly  elevated  temperature,—in a  sand-bath,
for example, or by leaving them exposed for some
time to the sun.
   DIGESTIVE.  See Digestives — d. Principle,
Pepsin—d. Process, Digestion.
   Digestive Texture.  The  particular organic
condition of substances which affects their diges-
tibility.
   Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary.
   Diges'tives, Digesti'va,  Digeren'tia;  same
etymon  as Digestion.  (F.) Digeetifa.   A term
given, by surgeons, to substances, which, when
applied  to a wound or ulcer,  promote  suppura-
tion ;  such  as the ceratum reaina, warm cata-
plaama, fomentations, Ac.
   DIG"ITAL, Digittllia;  from digitna, 'a  fin-
ger:'  having the shape of a  finger; digitated.
Belonging to the  fingers.
   The Appen'dix vermifor'mia caci is sometimes
called Dig"ital Appen'dix.
   Digital Arteries, Veins,  and Nerves  are
those  distributed  to the fingers.
   DIGITAL BLANC, Clavaria. 
DIGITAL                295                DILUENTIA
  Digital Cavitv, An'cyroid cavity, Cornu de-
»~~u'i/.-.na ventric'uli latera'lis.  The occipital por-
tion of the lateral ventricle of the brain.
  DIGITAL HUMAIN, Clavaria.
  Digital Impressions are the slight  depres-
sions observable on the inner surface of the bones
of the cranium, which correspond to the cerebral
convolutions.
  DIGITA'LE.  Same etymon.   (F.) Doigtier.
A finger  stall.  The term Doigtier d'Asdrubali
has been given to a small  iron instrument used
for measuring the  dimensions of  the  pelvis.
Placed at the end of the index finger, it adds to
its length and enables it to reach the promontory
of the sacrum.
  DIGITALINE, see Digitalis.
  DIGITA'LIS, from digitus,  'a finger,' because
its flower represents a finger;  Digita'lia purpu'-
rea,  fox-glove, Bac'charia, Bacchor, Baccar (?);
Family,  Scrophularineaa.   Sex. Syat.  Didynamia
Angiospermia. (F.) Digitate, Gants de  notre dame,
Doigtier.  The  leaves  of this  plant, which  are
indigenous in Great  Britain, are powerfully seda-
tive, diminishing the velocity of the  pulse, diu-
retic, and sorbefacient  In over-doses, Digitalis
causes vomiting, purging, dimness of sight, ver-
tigo, delirium, hiccough, convulsions,  and death :
—all the symptoms, in  short, which characterize
tho  aero-narcotic  class of poisons.  Its active
principle has been  called  Dig"italine.  It is  a
hundred-fold stronger than the most  active pre-
paration of digitalis.
  Digitalis has  been administered in inflamma-
tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop-
sy, Ac.;  but although it is a powerful remedy, it
has not  been as much  employed as it probably
would  have been  in particular cases, owing  to
the over-strained  eulogiums, which many have
passed upon it in almost all diseases.   The ave-
rage dose is one grain, in the form of pill, which
may be repeated every six or eight hours.
  Digitalis  Minima, Gratiola officinalis.
  DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Produc'tiodenta'ta,
Inaer'tio denticula'ta, I.  digita'ta.  A division into
processes having the form of  fingers.  Several
muscles, as the eerrati, exhibit digitations, similar
to those which the fingers form,when held separate.
  DIGITATIONES  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,
see Tube, Fallopian.
  DIGIT"IUM.   Desiccation  or atrophy of  the
fingers.—Linnaeus.  Sauvages calls the same af-
fection Paronychia  Digil.'ium, see Paronychia.
  DIGITORUM TENSOR, Extensor  brevis digi-
torum pedis.
  DIG "IT US, Dac'tyloa, Finger,  (F.) Doigt.
A name  given to the prolongations which form
the extremity of the hand.  There are five on
each  hand:   the  first,  the  thumb,  Antichcir,
Poller, Manus parva majo'ri adju'trix, Dig"itua
primus, D. magnus, Pro'manus, (F.) Pouce; the
second, the index;  the third, D. inedius, Impu-
dlcus, (F.) Doigt du milieu, middle finger or long
finger;  the  fourth,  the ring finger, Annula'ris,
Param'esos, (F.) Annii/aire ; and the little finger,
Oti'tes,  Dig"itus auricula'ris,  (F.) Auriculaire,
Petit doigt.  All of these  have three  phalanges,
except the first,  which has only two.
  Digitus Annularis,  Annular finger — d. Au-
ricularis, see  Digitus—d. Index, Index—d. Indi-
ca torius. Index — d.  Magnus, Pollex,  see Digitus
—d.  Medius, see Digitus.
  Dig"itis Pejus, Toe.  (F.) Orteil.   The toes
are five  in number, and  distinguished  nume-
rically, reckoning from  within  to without. The
first is, also, called great toe, (F.)gros  orteil; the
fifth, the little toe, petit orteil.  They have nearly
the same orgavzation as the fingers.
  Digitus  Primus, Pollex, see Digitus — d. Sa-
lutatorius, Index — d. Secundus, Index.
  DIG'NATHUS; from Si, ' double,' and yvaQos,
'lower jaw.'  A monster having two lower jaws.
—Gurlt.
  DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis.
  DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS,  from Si, 'double,'and
'viroyaarptov,  'the hypogastrium.'   A monster
whose pelvis, together with the lower portion of
the abdomen, is double.
  DIHYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didelphys, U'terus
duplex, from St, ' double,'  and 'varepn, ' uterus,'
The state in which there is a  double uterus.
  DIJUDICATIO, Crisis.
  DILACERATIO, Laceration.
  DILATANTS, Dilating  agents.
  DLL ATA TEUR, Dilator — d. Anterieur du
larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle— d. Posterieur du
larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior.
  DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchiec-
tasis— d. Ventriculi, Gastrectasis— d.  Intestino-
rum, Enterectasis.
  DILATA'TION, Dilata'tio, from dilatare,
(latum facere,) 'to enlarge;' Eurys'mus, Aneu-
rys'mus, Dieurys'mus.  Augmentation of the bulk
of a body, occasioned by a  separation of some of
its molecules.   Caloric has the property of dilat-
ing all bodies.  In  Surgery,  it means the acci-
dental or preternatural augmentation of a canal
or opening; as in aneurisms,  varices, Ac, or the
process of enlarging any aperture or canal. When
used so  as to  obtain a view of parts,  as by the
speculum, it is  termed Dioptris'mus.
  DILATATOIRE, Dilator.
  DILATATORIUM, Dilator.
  DILATATORIUS, Dilator.
  DILA'TING AGENTS,  Dilatan'tia, (F.) Di-
latants.   Certain  substances used in surgery,
either  to keep  parts separate which have a ten-
dency to unite  — as  after opening an abscess, to
prevent  the edges of the  incision from uniting ;
or to increase and dilate openings of canals, either
when natural, or formed accidentally or artifici-
ally.   These agents  differ  from  each other: the
chief are —prepared sponge  tents, gentian root,
bougies, sounds, dried peas  for issues, Ac.
  DILA'TOR,  Dilatato'rius, Diastoleus, (F.) Di-
latateur ou Dilatatoire.  A muscle, whose office
it is to dilate certain parts ; such as  the inspira-
tory muscles, which  dilate the chest.
  Dilator, Dilatato'rium,  (F.) Dilatateur.  An
instrument, used for  dilating  a wound, excretory
canal, or other natural or artificial opening. When
employed  to obtain  an inspection  of internal
parts, it is termed Spec'ulum, Dioj/tra or Diop'-
tron.  There are several instruments of this kind,
each taking its  name from the part to which it is
applied; as Speculum Oris, S. A'asi, S. Uteri, Ac.
  Dilator, Arnott's. A modification  of the old
dilators for strictures of the urethra.   It consists
of a tube of oiled silk, lined with  the thin gut of
some small animal to make it air-tight, and fixed
on the extremity  of a  small canula, by which it
is distended with air  or water,  from  a  bag or
syringe at  the  outer end, whilst  a stop-cock or
valve serves to keep the air or water in, when
received.   As soon as the bag is passed within
the stricture or strictures,  as much air is to be
injected into it as  the patient can easily bear.
The instrument is not much used.
  Dii.atores Alarum Nasi,  Compressor nari*
 . DILL, Anethum graveolens.
  DILLY,  Anthemis cotula.
  DILUEN'TIA, from diluo, (dis, and luere,) <I
wash away.'  (F.) Deiayants.  Medicines which
have been  conceived proper for augmenting the
fluidity of  the  blood and  other animal liquids.
All aqueous drinks are diluents.   They are ad- 
DILWEED
296
DIPLOPIA
ministered, with great advantage, in various dis-
eases. In fever, water, which is the most familiar
diluent, may be freely allowed;  the only precau-
tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in
the hot, and tepid in the sweating.  In diseases,
where it is considered necessary to abstract blood
largely, diluents should not be given too freely.
The abstraction of blood occasions activity of ab-
sorption, and the mass  is speedily restored.  It
is  also obvious, that in cases of inflammation of
the mammae, in nurses, diluents should not  be
freely allowed, as they increase the secretion of
milk, and add to the irritation.  When demulcents
are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, they act
simply as diluents:  their mucilaginous portion is
digested in the stomach and small  intestine,—
the watery portion alone being  separated by the
kidney.
   DILWEED,  Anthemis cotula.
   DIMETRA, Dihvsteria.
   DINANT, MINERAL WATERS  OF. Dinant
is a small town, six leagues from St Malo, in
France, where are mineral waters, containing car-
bonate of iron, chloride of sodium, Ac.  They are
much esteemed.
   DINGEE, Dengue.
   DINICUS, Antidinic
   DINKHOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
rich carbonated water, situate near the  junction
of the Lahn with the Rhine, in the  duchy of Nas-
sau.  It contains sulphate  of soda,  chloride of
sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of lime, car-
bonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia.
   DINOMANIA, Tarantismus.
   DINUS, Vertigo—d. Scotoma, Scotodynia—d.
Vertigo, Vertigo.
   DIOBOLON, Scruple.
   DIOCRES, Pastil.
   D10D0S, Diexodos.
   DICECESIS, Dispensation.
   DIONCO'SIS, from lia, and oyxos, 'a tumour.'
The Methodists applied  this name to a sort of
tumefaction or  plethora, occurring either directly
from too great  a  quantity of fluid circulating in
the system, or owing to the retention  of sub-
stances which ought to  be  excreted.  It is the
antithesis to symptosis.   See Intumescence.
   DIONYSIA'NUS, from  Atovvaos, 'Bacchus,'
who is represented by the poets as wearing horns.
One who has long or horn-like  excrescences.
   DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon.  One who has
along horn-like excrescence on the frontal region.
—Vogel.
   DIOPHTHALMUS, Binoculus.
   DIOPTRA. Speculum, see Dilator.
   DIOPTRISMUS, Dilatation.
   DIOPTRON, Speculum, see  Dilator.
   DIORTHO'SIS,from<5cop3£u>, 'I make straight'
The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb.
   DIOSCOREA, see Yam.
   Diosco'rea  Yillo'sa, Wild Yamroot;  indi-
genous : Order, Dioscoriaceae; flowering in July.
A decoction of the  root has been prescribed in
bilious colic.   It is said to be expectorant, dia-
phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic.
   DIOSCURI, Parotis.
   DIOSMA, D. erenata.
   Dios'ma Crena'ta,  from lios,  'divine,' and
 oapn,  ' odour.'   Baros'ma crena'ta, Agathos'ma
 crena'tum, Buchu  Leaves,  Diosma  (Ph. U. S.,
 1842,  Buchu, 1851) Buckho, (F.) DiosmSe cre-
 nelie.   A'at. Ord. Diosmeae.  A  South African
 plant, the  powder of whose  leaves is used by the
 Hottentots to perfume their bodies.  It has been
 employed  in chronic affections of the bladder and
 urinary organs in general. It has also been given
 in cholera.  It is often adulterated in commerce,
 by the substitution of less  potent plants of the
same  family, as Dioama eerratifo'lia, and Eu-
pleu'rum aerrula'tum.
  Diosma Serratifolta, D. erenata.
  DIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma erenata.
  DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, apparently from Itos,
'divine,' and irvpos, 'wheat,' but why is not clear;
Faba  Graca, Indian Date Plum,  (F.)  Plaquemi-
nier d'Europe.  This tree grows in some of the
southern parts  of Europe.   Its fruit  is very as-
tringent, and has been recommended in dysentery
and hemorrhages.
  Dios'pyros Virginia'na, Lotus  Virginia'na,
Peraim'mon.  A common tree in the middle parts
of the United  States.   The fruit, Persim'mons,
Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which
is only eatable  after frost, (when it is tolerable,)
is sometimes made into cakes with bran.   These,
being dried in  an oven, are kept to  make beer.
When bruised in water, fermentation takes place,
The unripe fruit is distressingly acerb and astrin-
 fent   The bark of the tree, Diospyros, (Ph. U.
 .,) is extremely bitter, and may be used where
bitters are indicated.
  DIOTA, Dyota,  from lis,  and ovs, genitive
ovros, 'ear.'  Two-eared, two-handled.  Applied to
a wooden cup, lined with a composition of resin,
cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, to give more flavour
to beer.  It was formerly much used in the north
of Europe.
  DIPHORUS, Diphrus.
  DIPHRUS,  Dlphorua, from <5i?,  'two,' and
tpepw,  ' I carry.' Properly a seat for two.  A close
stool.
  Diphrus Maieu'ticus, Sella obatetric"ia.  An
obstetric chair.
  DIPIPRYGES; from  Sis, and  tppvyw,  'I tor-
refy.'  The oxide  of copper, more or less pure.
The ancients reckoned three kinds of diphryges,
which they used as astringents.
  DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis.
  DIPHTHERITE BUCOALE,  Stomatitis,
pseudomembranous.
  DIPHTHERI'TIS, Diphther'ia, Diphtherit'ie
Inflammation, Pellic'ular Inflammation, from St$-
Bcpa,  'a  membrane.'  A name given by M. Bre-
tonneau to a class of diseases, which are charac-
terized by a  tendency to the  formation of false
membranes, and affect the dermoid tissue,—as the
mucous membranes, and even  the skin.
  Diphtheritis of the Throat, Angina pellicu-
laris—d. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis.
  DIPLASIASMUS, Duplication.
  DIPLECOIA, Double hearing.
  DIP'LOE, from <5i7rAoui, ' I double.'  Diplo'sis,
Meditul'lium, Medium Calva'ria Diacri'men. The
cellular structure, which separates the two tables
of the skull  from  each other.  The ancients ap-
plied the term, also, to the proper coat of the
uterus (?)—Rolfink, in Castelli.
  The Diploe  has  the same  use as the  cellular
structure of bones in general.  See  Cancelli.
  DIPLOGEN'ESIS, liirXoos,  ' double,' and yevc-
ais, 'generation.' An organic  deviation, which is
owing to the union of two germs.
  DIPLOLEPIS  GALL.E  TINCTORLE, see
 Quercus infectoria.
  DIPLO'MA. Same etymon  as Diploe. A letter
 or  writing  conferring  some  privilege;  usually
 applied to the document, certifying  that a person
 has obtained the title of Doctor. It was' so called
 because formerly written on waxed  tables, folded
 together.  Diploma is also used in pharmacy for
 a vessel with double walls,—as a water-bath.
   DIPLO'PIA, from liirXoos,  ' double,' and oirro-
 pai,  'I see.'   Viaua Duplica'tua,  Ditto''pia,  Dit-
 top'sia, Amphamphoterodiop'sia, Amphodiplo'pia,
 Double Vision, (F.) Bevue.  An affection of the 
                 DIPLOSIS

sight, in which  two distinct sensations are pro-
duced by the same object, which consequently
seems double.   Sometimes  more  than two  are
seen; but still the disease  is termed  Diplo'pia
and Suffu'sio Mullipiicans.  This affection arises
from some derangement in the visual axes, in
consequence  of  which, the images  are not  im-
pressed on corresponding parts of the retina of
each eye.  The  diplopia of both eyes has been
termed  Amphodiplo'pia and Amphoterodiplo'pia.
  DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Duplication.
  DIPLOSO'MA,  from liirXoos,  'double,'  and
awpa, ' body.' The Diplosoma crena'ta is an im-
perfectly  described entozoon,  which  has been
passed  from the urinary bladder.   It varies in
length  from four to  six or eight inches, and is
thinnest in the  middle, where it is bent  at an
acuto angle  upon itself, so that the two halves
hang nearly parallel, and give to it an  appear-
ance as if two worms had been tied together by
their heads.  It has been  confounded with the
Sjn'roptera hominis.
   D1IVNOOS, from lis, and irvon, 'breath.'  Hav-
ing  two vent holes; Bisjii'rus.  An epithet ap-
plied to wounds which pass through a part,  and
admit the air at both ends.—Galen.
   DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'ymus et Opod'ymus,from
It,  ' double,'  and  irpoaw-ov, ' countenance.'   A
monster having  a double face.
   Dii'Roso'pits Di^edce'us, from St, 'double,'  and
irpoawirov, 'countenance;' and  li, 'double,'  and
ailoia, ' parts of  generation.' A double monster,
in whom the duplication  affects  superiorly the
face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region.—
Barkow.
   Diproso'pus Dihypogas'trius, from St,  'dou-
ble,' and irpoawirov, ' countenance,' and from Si,
' double,' and 'vtroyaarpiov,  ' the hypogastrium.'
A double monster in whom the duplication affects
superiorly the face, and inferiorly the  lower part
of the body—four lower extremities being always
present;— Tetras' celus.
   DIPS A, Thirst
   DIl'SACOS, Diabetes.
   DIP'SACUS   FULLO'NUM,  Herba  Car'dui
 Ven'eris, Car'duus  Ven'eris, (F.)  Card&re cultive,
Chardon d foulon,  Chardon d bonnetier, has  had
similar properties ascribed to it.  Both have been
also regarded as stomachic.
   Dip's acus  Sylves'tris,  from  lupa,  'thirst,'
said to  be so called owing to the leaves being so
placed  as  to hold  water.   Cultivated  Teasel,
(F.) Cardere. The roots of this European plant
are diuretic and sudorific.  The water, which  col-
lects at the  base of the leaves, has been recom-
mended as an eye-water.
   DIPS ET ICOS, from Iti^a, 'thirst'  A remedy
believed to be capable of exciting  thirst.   See
Alterative.
   DIPSO'DES,  Sil'iens, Siticulo'sus, from li^a,
'thirst,' and eilos, 'resemblance.' Thirsty.  Caus-
ing thirst.
   DIPSOMANIA, from It^la, 'thirst,' and mania.
Really, thirst-mania.  Often, however, applied to
habitual drunkenness and  to delirium tremens.
An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors.
   D IPS OP'ATI! Y. Dipsopathi'a, from <5<\la,
'thirst,' and traBos, 'disease.'   A mode of treat-
ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks.
   DIPSO'STS.   Same  etymon.  Morbid thirst.
The desire  for drinking,  excessive  or impaired.
A genus in the class Cceliaca, order Enterica, of
Good.
   Dipso'sis  Avens,   Polydypsia — d.  Expers,
Adipsia.
   DITYGUS, from Si, 'double,'  and ™yn, 'the
nates.'  A double monster, the duplication being
confined to the posterior portion of the lower end
of tho trunk—the coccygeal region.
r                 DISEASE

  DIPYRE'NON, from  Its,  'twice,'  and irvpvv,
'a kernel.'  A specil'lum or probe with two but-
tons or kernels—one at each  end.
  DIPYRITES, Biscuit.
  DIPYROS, Biscuit.
  DIRCA PALUS'TRIS,  Leatherwood, Swamp
Leatherwood,  Mooaewood,   Swampwood,  Rope-
bark, Boia de plomb, (Canada.)  An  indigenous
shrub, which grows in  boggy woods and low wet
places throughout the United States.  It is ana-
logous to mezereon, in its  action, — six or eight
grains of the fresh bark producing violent vomit-
ing, preceded by a sense of heat in the  stomach,
often followed by purging.  Applied to  the skin,
the bark vesicates.
  DIRECTOR, Itinera'rium, from dirigere, di-
rectum, (di8, and regere, 'to rule,') 'to direct'  A
 Conductor.  A grooved  sound for guiding a knife,
in dividing any part: (F.)  Sonde camietee.
  Director Penis, Ischio-cavernosus.
  DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum.
  DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia.
  DIRUPTIO, Rhexis.
  DIS, Di.
  DISC, see Disk.
  DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm.
  DISCHARGE',  (r/i's,^and charge,) Ec'roe,
 Fluxus,  Profiu'vium, (F.) Ecoulement.  In patho-
 logy, an increased discharge from any part, that
 naturally secretes a fluid.
  DISCHROA, Dyschrcea.
  DISCREET', from  diacemere,  discretion, 'to
 separate.'   Discrc'tus,  Intertinc'tua,  S> pa rated,
 (F.)  Diacret.  This  epithet  is given to certain
 exanthemata, in which the spots or pustules are
 separated  from  each  other.  It  is opposed  to
 confluent.
  DISCRET, Discreet
  DISCRE'TA  PURGA'TIO.   The purgation
 or expulsion of some particular matter.
  DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic.
  DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm.
  DISCRI'MEN, Separation, Division.  A ban-
 dage, used in bleeding from the frontal vein ;  so
 called, because, in passing  along  the  sagittal su-
 ture, it divides the head  into two equal  parts.
  Discrimen Calvari^e  Medium,  Diploe — d.
 Narium, Septum N.
  Discrimen Nasi; a bandage, in the form of
 the  letter  X, intended to  support the nose,  in
 transverse wounds of the organ.
  Discrimen Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphragm.
  DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc —
d. Vitellinus, Proligerous disc.
  DrSCUSSIFS, Discutients.
  DISCUSSIO,  Resolution.
  DISCUSSIVA, Discutients.
  DISCUSSORIA, Discutients.
  DISCU'TIENTS,  Discutien'tia, Resolven'tia,
Discusslva, Discusso'ria, from discutere, 'to shake
apart,' (dis, and quatere, 'to  shake.')   (F.)  Dis-
cussifs.  Substances which possess the  power of
repelling or resolving tumours.
  DISEASE', old French desaise;—from dis, and
ease: Morbus, A708oa, Nose'ma, A'oseu'ma, Nusus,
 Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, Malum, Passio,  jEgritil-
 do, JEgrota'tio, Vil'ium, Arrhos'tia, Arrhoste'ma,
 Arrhoaten'ia,  Valetu'do adver'aa, Mal'adi/, Com-
 plaint, Sickneaa, Diatem'per.   (F.) Mtdailie.  An
 opposite state to that of health, consisting in a
 change either in the position and structure of
 parts, or in the exercise  of one or more of their
 functions,  or in both.
  By some, Diaeaae  is applied  to  structural
 change, whilst Diaorder is restricted to functional
 derangement.
  The following table, essentially that of Dr. C.
 J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of
structural disease.
29 
DISECOIA
298
DISPENSATORY
 Altered
Mechanism.
Diseased
Nutrition.
Contraction,
Dilatation,
Obstruction,
Compression,
Displacement,
Rupture, Ac.
Increased—Hypertrophy,
Diminished—Atrophy.
             Inflammation,
             Induration,
             Softening,
             Transformation and Degeneration.
Perverted
Deposits
' Euplastic
Cacoplastic.
Growths
                f Cicatrices,
                ( False membranes,
               1 Cirrhosis,
                 Fibro-cartilage,
                 Gray tubercle,
                 Atheroma, Ac.
                f Yellow tubercle,
Aplastic......•< Calcareous
                (  matter, Ac.
                f Cysts,
Nonmalignant. ■< Tumours,
                ( Hydatids, Ac.
                f Carcinoma,
               •I Encephaloma,
                [Melanosis, Ac,
[ Malignant.
  Disease, Blue,  Cyanopathy — d.  of• Bright,
Kidney,  Bright's Disease  of the — d. English,
Rachitis — d. Extrinsic, External disease — d.
Family, see Hereditary — d. Fungoid, Encepha-
loid—d. Gastro-enteric, Gastro-enteritis—d. Hao-
mato-cerebriform, Encephaloid — d. Hereditary,
see Hereditary—d. Pretended, Feigned disease—
d. Simulated,  Feigned disease—d. Surgical, Ex-
ternal disease.
  DISECOIA, Baryecoia.
  DISFIGURATION, Deformation.
  DISGORGE'MENT,  (F.) Degorgement, from
de, and gorge, 'the throat'  An opposite condi-
tion to that of Engorgement.  The  discharge or
abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, which
had previously collected in  a part; as Disgorge-
ment of bite.  It also means particularly, a vomit.
  DISGUST', from de,  and guatare, 'to taste.'
Cibi fastid'ium, Aposit'ia,  Asit'ia, Apoclei'sis,
Abomina'tio,  Siccha'sia, Horror Cibo'rum, Loath-
ing.  An aversion for food.   (F.) Degout.  Dia-
guat is not the same as Anorexia.   The latter is
only a want of appetite; the former  consists in
real repugnance  for food.
  DISINFECTANT,  Diainfec'tana,  from  dia,
and infect.   This term has been restricted  by
some  to agents that are capable  of neutralizing
morbific effluvia; but the author includes under
it, also, antiseptics or agents that are capable of
removing  any incipient or fully formed septic
condition of the living body, or of any part of it.
  DISINFECTING LIQUID,  SIR WILLIAM
BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid
— d. Liquid,  Labarraque's, Liquor  sodae chlori-
natse—d. Liquid of  Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis-
infecting liquid.
  DISINFECTION,  Diainfec'tio.   The act of
destroying miasmata,  with which the air, cloth-
ing, Ac, may be infected.  Various means have
been  proposed for  this purpose.  Those  most
commonly employed are : — chlorine, sulphurous
and chlorohydric acid gases, vapours  of vinegar,
nitrous add;  and,  what is, perhaps, the most
manageable of any, and equally efficacious, —
chlorinated lime, or any of  the chlorides of the
alkalies.   It  is questionable if any chemical ac-
tion occur between  these agents  and the mias-
mata, whence results a compound which is harm-
less.  Disinfection also  includes the action  of
antiseptics.
  Chlorine or Oxymuriat'ic Fumiga'tion, Solu'-
tio  alexite'ria Gaubia'na, Fumiga'tio antiloinl-
ica Gau'bii, Alexite'rium chlo'ricum,  Fumiga'tio
Gnytonien'sia, is made  by  adding common  salt
^iij, to  black oxide of manganeae  ^j, sulphuric
acid §j, and water f^ij.   This may be carried
through an apartment, or be shut up in it.
  Nitrous Fumiga'tion, Alexite'rium Nitricum,
Fumiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by pla-
cing nitrate of potaaa giv, and aulphuric acidgij,
in a saucer on hot sand.
  DISJUNCTI MORBI.  (From die, and jun-
gere, junctum,  'to join.')   Disjoined diseases.
Fernelius has thus denominated diseases which
occupy different organs, and are not produced by
each other.
  DISK, BLOOD, Globules of the blood—d. In-
tervertebral, Intervertebral  Cartilage—d. Prolige-
rous, see Proligerous Disk.
  DISLOCATIO  LIENIS  SEU  SPLENIS,
Splenectopia.
  DISLOCATION, Luxation.
  DISOD'ICUS,  from Its,  'twice,' and  oloS,
'threshold.'   Having a double opening.
  DISORDER, see Disease.
  DISORGANIZATION,  Organo'rum  destruc-
tio,  (F.)  Desorgani8ation.  A  complete  morbid
change  in the structure of an organ,  or  even
total destruction  of its texture,   in sphacelus,
and  sloughy ulcers, we have  examples  of this
change.
  DISPENSAIRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory.
  DISPEN'SARY, Diapenao'rium, from  diapen-
dere, (dia and pendere,  ' to weigh,') ' to take from
a weight or mass,' 'to  distribute.'  The shop  or
place in which medicines are prepared. Also, an
institution in which the poor are furnished with
advice  and  necessary  medicines.  (F.) Dispen-
saire.  This word is also used by the French sy-
nonymously with Dispensatory.
  DISPENSATION,  Dispensa'tio,  Dicree'sis,
Epineme'sia.  The composition and  distribution
of medicines according  to  prescription.   In
France, it is more commonly applied  to the
weighing, measuring, and  arranging of  the ar-
ticles, which  have to enter into a formula,  prior
to combining them.
  DISPENSATOR, Apothecary.
  DISPEN'SATORY,   Dispensoto'rium;   same
etymon.   Antidota'rium, Liber Pharmaceuliena,
(F.) Dispensaire.  A book which treats of the
composition of medicines.  A Dispensatory dif-
fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy-
sical and medical history of the various substances;
whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to
the mode of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia
too, is published under the authority of, and by,
the  members of a college or association ; whilst a
dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma-
copoeia or Pharmacopoeias,  with additions by the
author, under whose authority, alone, it usually 
DISPLACED
299
DITTANY
appears.  The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is
officinal; the  Dispensatory, generally, private.
Formerly, the words were used indiscriminately.
See Formulary,  and Pharmacopoeia.
  DISPLACED, see Percolation.
  DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation.
  DISPOSITION, Diaposil'io, from dia, and
ponere, 'to  put or set'  A particular condition
of the  body, which  renders it susceptible of
altering, suddenly, to a state of health or disease;
— of improving, or becoming changed  for  the
worse.  The dispoaition to  phthisis  pulmonalis is
sometimes so strong, owing to original conforma-
tion, that the disease will  make its appearance,
notwithstanding every care.  See Diathesis.
  DISPUTATIO, Thesis.
  DISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk.
  DISHUP'TIO, from diarumpere, 'to break off.'
A puncture, which interests deep-seated parts.
  DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism.
  D1SSECTIO, Dissection —d. Tendinum, Te-
notomy.
  DISSECTION, Diaaec'tio, from diaaecore, (dis,
and secure,  'to  cut,')  'to  cut open;' Diac'ope,
Sec'tio  Anatonlica, Practical Anatomy, Necrot-
omy.   An operation, by which the different parts
of the dead  body are exposed, for the purpose of
studying their arrangement and structure.  Dis-
section  has  received various names, according to
the organ concerned; — as  Osteotomy, Syndesmo-
tomy, Myotomy,  Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Desmot-
omy, Ac.
  DISSECTOR,  Prosec'tor, Pro'tomns,  same
etymon. (F.) Prosecteur. A practical anatomist.
One who prepares the parts for the  anatomical
lecture.
  DISSEPIMENTUM  NARIUM,  Septum na-
rium—d. Thoracis, Mediastinum.
  DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm.
  DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL,  Thesis.
  DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis.
  DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm.
  DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS, Haamateclysis
—d. Ventriculi,  Gastromalacia.
  DISSOLUTION,  Dissolu'tio, Dialysis,  from
dissolvere, (dis, and aolvere,) 'to loosen,' 'to melt'
This word is in frequent use, in the writings of
the humourists.   It is employed, particularly, in
speaking of  the blood;—to designate, not its en-
tire decomposition or putrefaction, but a diminu-
tion in its consistence.
  DISSOLUTION, Solution.
  DISSOL VANTS, Dissolventia.
  DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Dissolvonts.
Medicines believed to  be capable of  dissolving
swellings, concretions,  Ac.    Discutients, Resol-
vents.
  DISTAD; from diato, (dia, and ato,) 'to stand
apart.'  Away from a centre.  Towards the far
extremity.   In  anatomy,  used  by  Dr.  Barclay
adverbially,  to signify 'towards the distal aspect.'
  DISTAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect of a bone from
the trunk, or towards the extremity.—Barclay.
  DISTEMPER. Disease.
  DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscrasia.
  DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus —d.
Nervorum, Convulsion.
  DISTENSION DE LA   VESICULE DU
FIEL, Turgescentia vesicae felleas.
  DIS'ITCill'ASIS, Diatich'ia, Districh'io, Dia-
trichloaia,  Dista'chia,  Distaechlasia, from lis,
'double,' and onxos, 'a row.'  An increased num-
ber of eyelashes; some turned towards the eye,
and irritating the organ; whilst others preserve
their natural direction.—Galen, Paulus of ^Egina.
See Entropion.
  DISTILLATTO  UTERI. Leueorrhcea.
  DISTILLA'TI0N,Z»e«t(7/(t'<i'o,^fa%'mo*,from
deatillare, (de, and atillare,) 'to drop, little by lit-
tle.' Cataatalag'mos. An operation, by which—by
the aid of heat and in close vessels—the volatile are
separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with the
view of collecting the former, when condensed in
appropriate receivers. The ancients distinguished
distillation per latua, per aacen'aum,  and per de-
ecen'aum, according to  the direction which  the
volatilized matters were made to take.  In dia-
tillotion per latua, the apparatus is so  arranged,
that the vapour  passes  horizontally through a
succession of spaces before reaching the receiver.
Diatillation per aacenaum is the ordinary method
by the still. In diatillation per descensnm, the firo
is applied above and around the top of the appa-
ratus;  and it is so  arranged that  the vapour
must pass downwards. When dry organic matter
is placed in an apparatus for distillation, and heat
is applied until all volatile matter is driven, out,
the process is called dry or destructive distillation.
   Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation—
d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per  Aseensum, see
Distillation—d. Per Descensum, see Distillation—
d. Per Latus,  see Distillation.
   DISTOCIA, Ditoc'ia, from lis, 'twice,' and
roxos, ' birth.'   Delivery of twins.
   DISTCRCHIA, Distichiasis.
   DISTffiCHIASIS,  Distichiasis.
   DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,   from   Sis,  and
aropa,  'mouth.'   Fasclola hepat'ica, Plana'ria
latius'cula,  Fasciola  hnma'na,   F.  lanceola'ta,
Gourd-worm,  Flake,  Liver Fluke,  (F.) Dome,
D. du Foie.  An  obovate, flat worm, an inch in
length,  and nearly an  inch  broad;  sometimes
found in the gall-bladder of man, whence it oc-
casionally passes  into the intestinal canal.   It is
one of the most common varieties  of worms, in-
festing  the livers of  the sheep,  goat,  ox,  stag,
fallow-deer, horse, ass, hog, hare,  Ac. The treat-
ment is like that required for other worms.
   Distoma Oc'uli  Huma'ni.  A  parasite  once
observed in the eye of a child who had suffered
from lenticular cataract.—Gescheidt.
   DISTORSIO, Distortion, Sprain,  Strabismus
—d. Oris, Canine laugh.
   DISTOR'TION, Distor'sio, Intor'sio, from dis-
torquere, (die, and torquere,)  'to wrest aside.'
Diastrem'ma, Dias'trophe, Ligys'ma,  (F.) Distor-
sion.  Usually applied to the  preternatural cur-
vature of a bone ;  as distortion of the spine, limbs,
Ac.  It  signifies,  also,  a morbid state of the
muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or stra-
bismus.
   DISTORTOR ORIS,  Zygomatics major.
   DISTRIBUTORS LACTEA THORACICA,
Thoracic duct.
   DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis.
   DISTRICIIIASIS,  Distichiasis.
   DISTRIX,  from  Its,  ' dohble,'  and fy<£  'the
hair.'  Trichio'sis distrix, Fissu'ra capillo'rum.
Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at
their extremities.
   DITOCIA, Distocia.
   DITRACHYCERAS, from  lis, 'two,' TpaXvs,
' rough,' and kucis, ' horn.'  A genus of intestinal
worms.   The Ditrachyc'eras rudis, Dic'eras rude
(F.) Bicome rude.  This entozoon was  first ob-
served in the evacuations of a female, by M.  Sul-
zer of Strasburg.   It is of a fawn colour, from 3
to 5 lines in length, with an oval head, flattened
and terminating in a point posteriorly; contained
in a membranous  sac, and furnished, anteriorly
with a bifurcated, rugous horn. Laennec consi-
ders it a vesicular  worm or hydatid.  See Worms
   DITTANDER, Lepidium sativum.
  DITTANY, Cunila Mariana —d.  American,
Cunila Mariana—d. Bastard, Dictamnus albus — 
DITTECOIA
i. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus—d. Mountain,
Cunila Mariana.
  DITTECOIA, Double hearing.
  DITTOPIA, Diplopia.
  DITTOPSIA, Diplopia.
  DIURESI.ESTHE 'SIS, Diureticoaathe'eia,
Uresiasthe'sis ;  from liovpeiv, ' to pass the urine,'
and atadnats,  'feeling.'  The desire or want to
pass the urine.
  DIURE'SIS, from  Sia, 'through or by,' and
ovpew, 'I pass the urine.'  An abundant excretion
of urine.
  DIURET'IC,  Diuret'icus, Ischuret'ic,  same
stymon ;  Uret'icus, Urina'lis. A medicine which
has the property of increasing  the secretion of
urine.  Diuretics act  by producing a discharge
of the watery and other parts of the blood ;  and,
by such discharge, indirectly promote absorption
over the whole system.  Hence, they are em-
ployed in dropsy.   The following are the chief
Diuretics: — Cantharis; Cantharis Vittata; Po-
tassa? Acetas ;  Potassae Liquor; Cahinca;  Col-
chici Radix ; Colchici  Semen; Digitalis; Diosma
Crenata; Juniperus;  Oleum Terebinthinae; Po-
tassae Nitras; Potassas Bitartras;  Scilla;  Sodae
Sales, and Spiritus ^Etheris Nitrici.
  DIURETICA, Arnica Montana.
  DIURETICO-iESTHESIS, Diuresisesthesis.
  DIVARICATIO, Ectropion.
  DIVERSORIUMCHYLI.Receptaculum chyli.
  DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANIMA-
LIUM, Ganglions, nervous.
  DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'ulum.   'A turn-
ing ;' from  divertere, (di,  and vertere,) ' to  turn
aside.'  A blind tube  branching out from  the
course of a longer one.  An organ which is capa-
ble of receiving an unusual quantity of blood,
when  the circulation  is obstructed or modified
elsewhere, is said to act as a diverticulum.  Also,
a malformation  or diseased appearance of a part,
in which  it passes out of its regular course  It
is  sometimes  applied to such a  condition of the
alimentary canal.  Also, a hole to get out at.  A
by-passage.  See Ectrope.
  Diverticulum Nuc'kii. The opening through
which the round ligaments of the uterus pass. —
Parr.
  Diverticulum Pharyngis, Pharyngocele.
  DIVI'DING,  Div'idena, from di or dia, and
the Hetruscan verb iduo,  'to part or portion.'
That which divides or separates.
  Dividing  Bandage, Faa'cia div'idens,  (F.)
Bandage  divisif, is a bandage employed for the
purpose of  keeping parts separated from  each
other.  It is used particularly to prevent impro-
per union;  as in cases of burns of the neck or
other parts.
  DIYINATIO, Mantia.
  DIVISION, Divis'io, Dia'reeia.  The acciden-
tal separation of parts naturally united; in other
words, a wound  or solution of continuity.  Most
frequently, however, it means an operation, which
consists in cutting  certain parts, with the view of
fulfilling some therapeutical indication.
  DIVUL'SIO, Dias'paaia,  from  divellere,  (dia,
and vellere,) 'to pull asunder.'  A term used in
Surgery, to express the rupture or laceration of
organs by external violence.
  Divulsio Urin.*;, Cloudiness of  urine. — See
Enaeorema.
  DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS, Piluhe
antibiliosae.
  DIYLISIS, Colatio.
  DIYLISMUS, Colatio.
  DIZZINESS, Vertigo.
  DOCCIONE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  This
spring is at Lucca, in Italy. It is a thermal saline.
DODECAPHARMACUM
  DOCII'ME, Soxpn-  A measure of the Greeks,
equal to about four fingers' breadth :  Dtictylo-
doch'me.
  DOCIMA'SIA, Docimoa'tice, Docimaaiolog"ia,
from Soxipa^w, ' I try or prove the quality of any
thing.'  The  act of assaying.
  Docima'sia Medicamento'rum  et Vkneno'-
rum.  The testing of medicines and poisons.
  Docima'sia Pulmo'num, D. Pulmona'lis, Pne-
obiomanti'a,  Pneuobiomaut.la, Pneobioman'tica.
Lung proof, Respiration proof.  Different proofs
to which the  organs of respiration of a new-born
child are subjected, for the purpose of detecting
whether it has or has not respired after birth; in
other words, whether it was born alive or dead;
— Pneuaiobiogno'aia, Pneusiobios'cope.   These
consist,  chiefly, 1. In testing them with water,
for the purpose  of seeing whether the lungs are
specifically heavier or lighter than  that fluid.
This is called Docimasia Pulmonum hydrostalica
or the Hydrostatic Test.   If lighter, it would he
some evidence  that the foetus had respired: 2.
In comparing the weight of the  lungs with that
of the whole body ;  the weight of lungs in which
respiration has  taken place being nearly twice as
great.   This  is Docima'aia Pulmo'num Stalico,
or Ploucquet's  Teat; and, 3.  By measuring.the
circumference of the thorax and lungs ; and com-
paring their  dimensions with those of an infant
which has  not  respired.   This  is Daniel's Test.
These tests,  singly, afford only probable evi-
dence ;  but when united, the deductions may be
more conclusive.
  DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia.
  DOCK, BLOODY, Rumex  sanguineus —d.
Blunt-leaved, Rumex obtusifolius — d. Cresses,
Lapsana—d.  Sour, Rumex acetosa—d. Sour, bo-
real, Oxyria reniformis—d. Water, Rumex hydro-
lapathum—d. Wild, sharp-pointed, Rumex acutus.
  DOCNA  SURA,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
This spring is in the Krapach mountains. The
water contains  sulphate of soda,  carbonate of
soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica,
and iron.
  DOCTOR,  Med'icua, from  doctua, 'learned;'
' un homme qui devrait etre docte.'  A Phyaician.
Frequently applied to any one who practises me-
dicine ;  although  properly confined to him who
has received his degree of Doctor of Medicine.
  DOCTRINA  GALLIANA,  Craniology—d. So-
teria, Medicina.
  DOCTRINE, MED'ICAL, Doctri'na Med'ica.
The  principles  or positions of any medical sect
or master.  Medicine  has been too full of doc-
trines.  One  of the first was that of Herodicus
of Selivrasa, who recommended gymnastic exer-
cises in  disease.   The chief founders of doctrines
have been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria,
Philinus of Cos,  Herophilus, Asclepiades, The-
mison of Laodicea, Thessalus of Tralles, Soranus
of Ephesus, Leonides of  Alexandria, Athenseus
of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamaea,  Agathinus of
Sparta,  Galenus,  Paracelsus, John Baptist van
Helmont, Sylvius de le Boe, Keill, Hamberger,
Pitcairne, H. Boerhaave, J. E. Stahl,  Frederick
Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen, Darwin, John
Brown,  Beddoes, Girtanner, Reil, Rush, Rasori,
and Broussais.
  Doctrine,  Physiological, Broussaism.
  DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata—d. American,
Cuscuta glomerata—d. of Thyme, Cuscuta epi-
thymum.
  DODECADACTYLITIS, Duodenitis.
  DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum.
  DODECAPHAR'MACUM,  from  Iwlcxa,
'twelve,' and tpappaxov, 'a medicine.'  An an-
cient name given to  all medicines which con-
3( 
              DODECATIIEON

sisted of twelve ingredients.   See  Apostolorum
Unguentum.
  DODECATH'EON, from Iwlexa, 'twelve,' and
riSnp', 'I put' An antidote, consisting of twelve
simple substances.—Paulus of iEgina.
  Dodecatheon, Sanicula—d. Plinii, Pinguicola
vulgaris.
  DODON.EA, Myrica gale.
  Dodon.e'a  Thunbergia'na.   A shrub of the
A'at. Ord. Sapindacea;, which  grows at the Cape
of Good Hope.  A decoction of the  root is used
as a gentle cathartic in fever.
  DODRANS, Spithama.
  DOGCHOAK, Cynanche.
  DOGDAYS, (F.) Jours Caniculaires.   During
these days,  comprised between  the  24th of July
and tho 23d of August, the temperature of the
air in Europe is generally high and oppressive.
They have received this name from  the dogstar,
Canic'ula,  teiptos, Si'rius — a very  brilliant star
in the constellation of the great dog, which rises
and sets, at this time, with the  sun.   It was for-
merly believed to be a period particularly unpro-
pitious to health ;  that it was dangerous to purge
during it; and other phantasies were indulged in
regard to it.
  DOGGRASS, Triticum repens.
  DOGMAT'IC,  from  the  Greek   Soypa, from
Soxew,  ' 1 think.'  Dogmalicus.   The name of an
ancient medical sect;  so called, because its mem-
bers endeavoured, by reasoning, to  discover the
essence of diseases and their occult causes; whilst
the  Empirics, their rivals,  confined themselves
strictly to  experience ; i. e., to the observation
of facts.  The union of the two modes of inves-
tigation  makes the rational physician.   These
sectarians are likewise called  Dog'matiata, and
their doctrine Dog'matiam.  The founders of the
sect were  Hippocrates, Thessalus,  Draco,  and
Polybius ; and the most celebrated of its support-
ers were Diocles of Carysta, Praxagoras of Cos,
Chrysippus  of Soli, Herophilus, Erasistratus, Ac.
  DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsaemifolium—
d. Bane, bitter, Apocynum androsaemifolium.
  DOGS' GRASS. Triticum repens.
  DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula,
  DOC STAR, Canicula.
  DOGTREE, Cornus Florida.
  DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida—d. Blueberried,
Cornus sericea—d. Female, Cornus sericea—d.
Florid, Cornus Florida—d. Great flowered, Cornus
Florida—d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina—d. New
England, Cornus sericea-—d. Pond, Cephalanthus
occidentalis — d. Silky-leaved,  Cornus sericea—
d. Virginian,  male, Cornus  Florida—d. Round-
leaved, Cornus circinata—d. Swamp, Cornus se-
ricea,  Petola trifoliata.
  DOIGT,  Digitus — d. Auriculaire,  Auricular
finger—d. Milieu, see Digitus — d. Petit, see Di-
gitus.
   DOIGTIER,  Digitale, Digitalis — d.  d'Asdru-
bali, see Digitale.
   DOLABRA, Aseia, Doloire.
   DOLICHOCEPH'ALvE (GENTES); from lo-
Xi\os,  'long,' and xewaXn,  'head.'  Longheads.
Nations of  men whose cerebral lobes completely
cover  the  cerebellum — as  the Kelts, Germans,
negroes, Ac.—Retzius.
   DOL'ICHOS, from  loXixos,  'long.'  A genus
of plants of the leguminous family.  It includes
a number of species,  generally indigenous  in
India or America.  The  Dol'ichoa Lablob,  or
Lablab,  is  found  in Egypt.  (Prospero Alpini.)
Its fruit is  eaten there, like the haricot with us.
The Dol'ichos Sinen'aia, is eaten in  China, and is
stored up as a provision for long voyages.  The
Dol'ichoa Tubero'aus,  (F.) Pois Patate of Mar-
1                DORONICUM

tinique, has  tuberous  roots of the size of both
fists,  and has the consistence and taste  of  tho
turnip.   The Dol'ichos Bulbo'aus of the West  In-
dies resembles the turnip; — and from the Dol'i-
choa Soja, the Japanese prepare the well-known
sauce Soy, which they term  Sooja.  The most
important in  medicine, is the
  Dol'ichos  Pru'riens, Dol'ichoa, Stizolo'bium,
Mucu'na pru'riena, Negre'tia prn'riena, Cowhuge,
Cowitch, Adaoria Palo.   Order, Leguminosae.
(F.) Poia d gratter.  The  stiff hairs of the Doli-
ehoa Poda, called Dolichoa Pubea, D. Prurien'tis
pubea, Dolichi Seta Legu'minum, Lanu'go Sili-
qua hirau'ta, Mucu'na, (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts
used  in  medicine.  They excite  an intolerable,
prurient sensation when applied to the skin ;  but
do not irritate the mucous membrane over which
they  pass, when administered internally.  The
Dolichos is  a mechanical anthelmintic, and is
useful in cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides,  and
oxyures  vermiculares.  Dose, gr. v to x,  of  the
pubes, in molasses.
  Mucu'na prurlta, a distinct species, but pos-
sessing similar  properties,  grows  in  the East
Indies.
  DOLOIRE (F.), Ae'cia, Dol'abra, 'a carpen-
ter's axe.'  A Bandage en  doloire is one in which
the turns are so placed, that each one covers two-
thirds of that which  is immediately beneath it.
It has received the name Doloire from its repre-
senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument
whose name it bears.   See Bandage.
  DOLOR, Pain—d. Ani, Proctalgia—d. Capitis,
Cephalalgia—d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia—d.  Co-
licus. Colic—d. Crucians faciei, Neuralgia, facial
—d. Dentium, Odontalgia—d. Dentium a stridore,
Haemodia—d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial—d. Ischi-
adicus nervosus,  Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea—d.
Lenis, Hypodynia—d. Mitis, Hypodynia—d.  Nc-
phreticus, Nephralgia—d. Pectoris externus, Pleu-
rodynia—d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra—d. Rheu-
maticus et arthriticus,  Rheumatism.
  DOLORES AD PARTUM,  Pains, labour—d.
Intestinorum, Colic — d.  Parturientis,  Pains, la-
bour—d. Post partum, Pains, after—d. Puerpera-
rum,  Pains, after—d. Rodentes, Pains, gnawing.
  DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Arauea'ria Dom-
bey'i. A tree, which inhabits Chili, and furnishes
Dombeya turpentine;  a glutinous, milky-looking
fluid  of a strong odour and taste.
  DOMES'TIC,  Domea'ticua, from domua, '-a
house.'  The  term Domeatic or Pop'ular  Med'i-
cine,  has been given  to treatises  written for  the
purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro-
fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their
families, without th^ necessity of calling  in a
physician.  The term, likewise, signifies—Medi-
cine,  when thus  practised.  It is  probable, that
such  works have been attended with mischievous
as well as advantageous results.
  DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described
by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue.
  DOMPTE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
   DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie.
   DONDO, Albino.
   DONESIS, Agitation.
   DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach.
   DORCADIZON, Caprizans.
   DOREA, Hemeralops.
   DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see Ammoniac,
Gum.
   DORMITATIO, Somnolency.
   D0RM1TI0, Sleep—d. Lucumoriana, see  Lu-
cumorianus.
   DOROA'lC, Doronicura pardalianches — d.
d'Allemagne, Arnica montana.
   DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana—d.
30 
DORSAD                 30
Cordatum, D. Pardalianches— d.  Germanicura,
Arnica montana—d. Officinale, D. Pardalianches"
—d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana.
  Doron'icum  Pardalian'ches, D.  Roma'num
seu Corda'turn seu  Officinale, Roman  Leop'ard'a
Bane, (F.) Doronic, Mort aux PanthZrea.   The
root of this plant resembles Arnica Montana in
its properties.
  DORONICUM ROMANUM, D. Pardalianches.
  DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect.
  DORSAL, Dorsa'lis, from dorsum, 'the back.'
Notia'ua, A'otal,  Tergal.  Relating to the back
of the body, or of one of its parts;  as the Dorsal
vertebra, nerves, Ac.; Dorsal artery of the tongue,
penis, Ac.; Dorsal region of the foot, hand, Ac.;
Doraal  Consumption, Ac.
  Dorsal Aspect.  An aspect towards the dor-
sum or backbone.—Barclay.  Dorsad  is used by
the same  writer adverbially, to signify ' towards
the dorsal aspect'
  DORSAL,  LONG, Longissimus dorsi.
  DORSALIS, Dorsal.
  Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.)  The branch of
the internal pudic  nerve, which is distributed to
the  upper part  of  the  male organ;  and  to the
clitoris  of the female.
  DOR SO-COSTAL, Serratus posticus superior
—d. Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior—d.
Lombo-sacro-humeral, Latissimus dorsi—d. Sus-
acromien,  Trapezius — d. Tracheion - occipital,
Complexus.
  DORSTENIA  BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia.
  Dorstenia Contrayer'va,  called after Dr.
Dorsten;  Contrayer'va, Drake'na, Cype'rua lon-
gus, o'dorus seu Perua'nua,  Bezoar1dica Radix,
Dorate'nia Housto'nii, Lisbon Contrayer'va,  (F.)
Racine  de Chords, R. de Dracke,  Racine dea
Philippinea.   Family,  Urticeae.  Sex. Syst. Te-
trandria Monogynia.  A plant of South America,
whose root, Contrayer'va (Ph. U. S.), is aromatic,
bitter, and astringent.  It has been  given as a
tonic,  stimulant  and sudorific.   Dose,  gr.  xij
to 3SS-
  Dorstenia  Cordifolia, D.  Brasiliensis — d.
Placentoides, D. Brasiliensis—d. Vitella, D. Bra-
Biliensis.
  DORSUM, Notos, Noton.  The back. Metaph'-
renon, Tergum, (F.) Dos.  The posterior part of
the trunk, extending from the inferior and poste-
rior  region of the neck as far as the loins.   The
back of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is the upper part
of that  organ, opposite the sole: the back of the
hand, Dorsum manus,  the part  opposed to the
palm.  In the same sense, we say Dorsum penis,
Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of those organs.
  Dorsum, Vertebral column — d.  Mantis, Opis-
thenar.
  DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus.
  DOS, Dorsum.
  DOSE,  Doaia, Pra'bium. The quantity of any
substance, which  ought to form part of a com-
pound medicine, or  ought to be exhibited singly,
to produce a desired effect. Many  circumstances
influence the doses of medicine.  Women require
smaller  doses, as a general  principle, than men.
Habit has a great effect, as well as climate, age, and
idioeyncrosy: all these, and other circumstances,
must be taken into account; and  every general
rule on the subject will be found to have numer-
ous exceptions.  Some of the mechanical physi-
cians laid it down  as a rule, that the doses of
medicines must always  be as  the  aquare of the
constitution !—A matter not easy of calculation.
  The following Tables  will  exhibit an approxi-
mation to  the proper doses (according to age) of
most substances.
           DOUCHE

Table of Doses according to Age.
1	1 drachm.
2-3.1*.	2 scruples.
hall'.	£ drachm.
l-3d.	1 srruple.
	15 grains.
1-61 h.	10 grains.
l-8th.	8 grains.
l-12th.	5 grains.
  The table of doses, according to age, recommen-
ded by Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some respects
from the above.  Either affords a sufficient gene-
ral approximation.  His rule is, that
  For children,  under  twelve years of age, the
doaea  of moat medicines must  be diminished in
the proportion of the age to the age increaaed by
twelve :
                                         2
Thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e., l-7th =------
                                      2-J-12
  At twenty-one the full dose is given.

  Doses, Broken.  When an agent is given in
small portions it is said to be in broken dosea,—
refractia doaibua.
  DOSIOLOGIA, Posology.
  DOSIS, Dose.
  DOSSIL, Bourdonnet.
  DOTAGE, Dementia.
  DOTHIEN, Furunculus.
  DOTHIENENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
  DOTHIENENTERIE, Dothinenteritis.
  DOTHINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
  DOTHIENTERI'TIS, properly Dothienenterl-
ti8, Dothienenter'ia, Dothinenter'ia, Enteritis pus-
tulo'aa,  Enterodothie'nia,  Helcenteri'tis, Follic'-
ular Gastroenteritis,  from  SoSiyv,  ' a pustule,'
and tvrepov, 'intestine.'  (F.) Dothinenterite, Do-
thinenterie,Dothienenterie,Dothienenterite. An in-
flammation and  ulceration of the glands or folli-
cles of  Peyer and  Brunner, which Bretonneau
considers to be  the essence of a large  class of
fevers, particularly of those of  the typhoid cha-
racter.  See Typhus.
  DOTHION, Furunculus.
  DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA,  Contro-
stimulus, (doctrine of.)
  DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious-
ness, double.
  DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'ia, Ditteco'ia,
Paracu'sia  dnplico'ta,  P. Imperfecta.   The ac-
tion of  the one  ear unaccordant with  that of
the other:  sounds heard doubly, and in different
tones  or keys.
  DOUBLE-MONSTERS,  see Duplication.
  DOUCE AM ERE, Solanum dulcamara.
  DOUCHE, (F.)  In  Italian, doccia;  modern
Latin, duria; Cataclya'mua, Douae.  This term
is applied to a  column of  fluid, of a determi-
nate  nature  and  temperature, let fall  upon
the  body.  Pumping is a variety of the Douche.
In using this kind of bath, the fluid is  directed
upon the part on which we are desirous of acting.
The douches deacendantea are those in which the
fluid falls from a height, — the douchea aacendan-
tes, those administered in diseases of the uterus,
—the  douches horizontalee, where the fluid is im-
pelled horizontally, Ac. They may be cold or
warm, according to circumstances.  Tha  appa-
ratus  consists of a  reservoir of water having  a
pipe or plug,  by  means of which the water can be
directed  as the  practitioner may  desire.   The
Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar
shock to the nervous system; and  is one of the
most  successful  means  for  taming the furioui 
                 DOULEUR

maniac. It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism,
stiff joints, Ac
  Doucb*a of  air are, also, occasionally used, as
in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by
mucus.   They  are  sent  from an  air-press—of
which  Delcau and  Kramer have  invented one
each—through a catheter introduced through the
nose into the tube.
  DOULEUR, Pain—d. de Cote, Pleurodynia—
d. dea Dents, Odontalgia—d. de I'Eatomac, Cardial-
gia—d. Nevralgique de I'Eatomac, Cardialgia—d.
Pitlsative, see Throbbing.
  DOULEURS, Pains, labour—d. Conquaaaantea,
Bee Coni/uossont. ■
  DOUSE, Douche.
  DOUVE,  Distoma hepaticum — d. du  Foie,
Distoma hepaticum—d. Petite, Ranunculus flam-
mula.
  DRACHION, Pugillus.
  DRACHM, Drachma,  Dram, (F.) Gros.  The
ancient name  of a piece of money, weighing the
eighth part of an  ounce.   At  the  present day it
is used for this weight.
  DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias
—d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica.
  DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE,
D.  Moldav'icum, Melis'sa  Tur'cica, Cedronel'la
triphyl'la, Melis'sa  Canaricnsis,  Alpini Bal'sa-
mum, Turkey Balsam, Cana'ry Balsam, Balm of
Gilead Tree, (F.) Melisse de Moldavie. A Turkish
and Siberian plant, which has  an aromatic taste,
joined with an agreeable flavour.   It has been
used as a tonic.
  DRACONTHvEMA, see Calamus rotang.
  DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra-
contium  fcetidum.
  Dracon'tium Fce'tidum, Dracon'tium, Icto'des
fa'tidus, Symplocar'pus fce'tida, Pothos fos'tida,
Arum America'num beta fo'lio, Pothos Puto'rii,
Spathye'ma foe'tida, Skunk-cabbage, Skunk-weed,
Polecat-eollard, Cow-collard, Collard, Itch-weed,
Stink-poke,. Swamp-cabbage, Pole'cat-weed, Hel-
lebore, Ellebore, Irish cabbage.   Nat. Ord. Aroi-
deae.  Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia.   This
indigenous plant, as some of its names import, is
extremely fetid. The property on  which its me-
dical virtues are dependent, resides in a volatile
principle, which is  impaired  by long keeping,
especially in  powder.  Dose, of  the dried root,
Dracontium, (Ph. U. S.,) ten to twenty grains. It
resembles asafcetida and other fetid gums in its
properties; in other words, belongs to the class
of reputed antispasmodics.
  Dracontium Angustis'patha, Symplocar'pua
Angustis'potha, Narrow-spathed  Siunk-cabbage,
is possessed of similar properties.
  DRACUN'CULUS, Dracon'tium, \*kna Medi-
na Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'diua Medincn'sis, Vcr-
mic'ulua  Cupilla'ris, Dracun'culus Gordius,  Fila'-
ria  Medinen'sis seu  Guineen'sis,  Mulis Dracun'-
culus, Malia Gor'dii, Hclminthon'ai8 Medinensis,
Muscular  Hairworm,  Bichioa,  Bicho, Guinea
Worm or Threadworm, (F.) Dragonneau, Ver de
Guinee,  Ver Filairc, V. de Medine,  V. cntane,
] "eine de Medine.  A genus of worfns, frequently
met with in Indian and African climes.  They
are  characterized by a filiform  body, and are
smooth and nearly of equal thickness throughout.
The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates itself
through the cutaneous pores, and penetrates into
the  areolar membrane and between the muscles;
especially between those of the lower limbs, where
it occasions a tumour like a boil, which subse-
quently suppurates, and  the head of the  worm
appears and emerges gradually.  The head must
then be seized, and the worm be cautiously rolled
round a small cylinder  of linen or  other sub-
stance.   Care  must be taken not to break it, as
3                DRIBURG

 great pain and obstinate suppuration might be
 the consequence.
   Considerable  obscurity rests  on this subject
 Some even deny that  the cases of Dracunculus,
 on record, are really those of worms.
   Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu-
 lus—d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica.
   DRAGEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves,
 covered with white sugar; Sugar-plum8.
   DRAGEES DE KEYSER.  A pharmaceuti-
 cal  preparation, formerly much  celebrated in
 syphilis.  It was composed of acetate of mercury,
 manna, atarch, mucilage and gum tragacanth.
   DRAGMA, Pugillus.
   DRAGMIS, Pugillus.
   DRAGON (F.), Dragon.   Some authors have
 given  this name to opake spots on the cornea,
 and to cataract.
   Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea
 — d. Root, Arum triphyllum, Pterospora andro-
 medea—d. Turnip, Arum triphyllum.
   DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus  rotang.
   DRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus.
   DRAINING,  Deaicca'tio, (F.)  Deaeechement.
 The act of drawing off the water from marshes,
 for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy ema-
 nations which  proceed from them.  It is  a well
 known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema-
 nations or miasmata,  with the  nature of which
 we are, however, totally unacquainted, but which
 are the fertile  source of intermittents and other
 diseases.  Draining the soil and  converting it
 into arable land changes its character, and the
 malaria ceases to be given off.   It has happened,
 however,  that although in some such situations
 intermittents have been got rid of, consumptions
 have taken their place.
   DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mineral
 waters of.
   DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva.
   DRAPE A U, (F.) Vexil'lum, from drop, 'cloth.'
 A bandage, used in wounds, Ac, of the nose, to
 keep the dressings in situ.   It is composed of a
 small triangular  compress, having two openings
 at its inferior part, corresponding to those of the
 nostrils.  It is fixed  by means of  a bandage,
 passing from its superior angle over the head,
 and another  passing round the head, under the
 orbits,  so as to join  the first at the nape of the
 neck.   Also,  Pterygion.
   DRAP FANON, see Fonon.
   DRASTIC, Draa'ticue, Cenot'ic,  from Spaw, ' I
 operate strongly.' Active.  An epithet given to
 purgatives, which operate powerfully; as elate-
 rium, oil of croton, Ac.
   DRAUGHT,  Hauatiia.  A term also applied
 by nurses to  the sudden rush  of blood to the
 mammae,  occasioned in the mother by the sight
 or even thought, of her infant, and which  occa-
 sions a greatly increased secretion  of milk.
   Draught,  Black, see Infusum sennae compo-
 situm.
   DRAX, Pugillus.
   DREAM, Somnium—d. Waking,Hallucination.
   DRECHE, Malt.
   DREGS, Feculence.
   DREPANOIDES, Falciform.
   DRESS, Vestitus.
   DRESSER,  from (F.) dresser, 'to-put right'
 An hospital assistant, whose office  it is to  dresa
 wounds, ulcers, Ac.  He corresponds in function
 to the Eteve externe of the French hospitals.
   DRESSING,  Cura,  Cura'tio, (F.) Pansemcnt.
 The methodical application of any remedy or ap-
 paratus to a diseased part.  Also, the  remedy or
 apparatus itself.
   DRIBURG,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  At
8C 
               DRIMYPHAGIA

*,he small town of Driburg, near  Pyrmont, in
Germany, there are nine springs, which are rich
in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas.
Their action on the economy is like that of Pyr-
mont water.   They contain chloride of sodium,
sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime,  carbonate
of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron,
chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium.
   DRIMYPHA'GIA, from  Iptpvs, 'acrid,'  'aro-
matic,' and tpayw, ' I eat'   An aromatic and ex-
citing diet.
  DRIMYS WINTERI, Wintera aromatica.
  DRINK,from Sax.bjiencan,Poma,Po'tio,Potus,
Bev'erage, (F.) Boisson. Every liquid introduced
into the alimentary canal  for the purpose of re-
pairing the loss of the fluid parts of  the body.
The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen-
sation of thirst.  Fluid, taken during a meal, aids
in the  digestion of the food.  Some drinks are
exciting and  tonic,  as the  different varieties.of
beer, wine, and spirits, which  we  use at table.
In a therapeutical  point of view, drinks are used
to appease the thirst  which prevails  in febrile
affections, or to act as diluents in those  and other
cases.
   The ordinary drinks, according to their chemi-
cal composition, are — 1.  Water,  spring water,
river water, well water, Ac.—2. Juices  and infu-
sions of Animal and Vegetable aubatance8, lemon
juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, mattee, Ac.
— 3. Fermented Liquora, wines, ale, beer, cider,
perry. — 4. Spirituoua  Liquora, brandy, alcohol,
ether,  kirschwasser, rum,  arack,  gin, whiskey,
ratafias, cordials, Ac.
   DRIVELLING, Slavering.
   DROGUE, Drug.
   DROGUIER, (F.)   Same etymon as  drug.
A collection  of different simple medicinal sub-
stances.
   DROGUISTE, Druggist.
   DROIT DE L'ABDOMEN, Rectus abdominis
— d. Anterieur de  la cuisse, Rectus femoris — d.
Anterieur de la tete, Rectus capitis internus minor
d. Anterieur de la tete, grand, Rectus capitis in-
ternus major—d. Externe de I'ceil, Rectus exter-
nus  oculi—-d. Inferieur de I'ceil, Rectus inferior
oculi—d. Interne de la cuisse, Gracilis—d. Interne
de I'ceil, Rectus internus oculi— d. Lateral de la
tete, Rectus capitis lateralis — d. Posterieur de la
tete, grand, Rectus  capitis  posticus major—d.
Posterieur de la tete, pefit, Rectus capitis posticus
minor—d. Superieur, Rectus superior oculi.
   DROP, Gutta.
   Drop, Ague, tasteless,  Liquor arsenicalis —
d. Black, Guttae nigrae—d. Red, Ward's, see Vinum
antimonii tartarizati—d. Serene7 Amaurosis.
   DROPACISMUS, Depilation.
   DROPAX,  Depilatory.
   DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped.
   DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum
Abbatis Rousseau—d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi-
naa acetatis—d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In-
fusum gentianas compositum—d. Anti-venereal,
see Tinctura  ferri muriatis — d. Chamomile, see
Anthemis nobilis — d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur,
Balsam of Turpentine—d. Fit, Spiritus  ammonias
fcetidus, see Fuligo —d. Golden, de la Motte's,
Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri—d.
Green's, see  Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis—d.
Jesuit's, Tinctura benzoini composita—d. Laven-
der, Spiritua  Lavandulae  compositus — d. Nitre,
Spiritus aetiieris nitrici—d. Norris's, see Antimo-
nium tartarizatum—d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar-
gyri Oxymuriatis —d. Pectoral, Pectoral  drops,
Bateman's —d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha
piperita—d. Soot, see  Fuligo—d. Wade's, Tinc-
tura benzoini composita—d. White, Ward's, see
Hydrargyri nitras.
4                DUALITY

  Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation used
in Demarara under the name of Warburg's Fever
Drops.   See Bebeeru.
  DROPSICAL, Hydropicus.
  DROPSY, Hydrops—d. of the Belly, Ascites—
d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus—d. of the Cellu-
lar Membrane, Anasarca  —d. of the Chest,  lly-
drothorax—d. of the Eye, Hydrophthalmia.
  Dropsy,  Fibrinous.   Dropsy in  which tho
effused fluid contains  fibrin.
  Dropsy, General, Anasarca—d. of the Head,
Hydrocephalus—d. of the Lachrymal Sac, Fistula
lachryinalis, Lachrymal hernia — d. of the Peri-
cardium, Hydropericardium — d.  of the Perito-
neum, Ascites — d.  of the  Pleurae, Hydrothorax
— d. Water of, Serum of Serous membranes — d.
Wind, Emphysema — d.  of the Womb,  Hydro-
metra.
  DROPWORT, Spiraea filipendula —d. Hem-
lock,  Qinanthe—d. Water, Hemlock, Cinantke—
d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata.
  DROSE'RA ROTUNDIFO'LIA.  The sys-
tematic name of the  Sundew, Roa aolia,  Drosio-
bot'anon, Dro'aium, Rorella, (F.) Rossolis.  This
plant has a bitter, acrid, and  caustic taste.  It
has been used as a rubefacient, and to  destroy
warts and corns.   It has, also, been  regarded as
a pectoral.
  DR0SI0B0TAN0N, Drosera rotundifolia.
  DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia.
  DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
  DRUG, Medicamen'tum, (F.) Drogue.  A name
ordinarily applied to  simple medicines,  but, by
extension,  to every substance employed in tho
cure of disease.   Menage derives it from droga,
and this from the Persian droa, 'odour;' because
many drugs  have a strong odour.  It is, doubt-
less, from the Teutonic trocken, Sax. bpigan, 'to
dry.'
  Drug.   To prescribe or  administer drugs.
Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with
drugs.
  Drug Disease.  A morbid condition, which
is — or is presumed to be — caused or kept up by
the administration of  drugs.
  Drug-grinder,  see Pulverization — d. Mill,
see Pulverization.
  DRUGGIST,  Drugger, Dmgster.   Same ety-
mon.   Pharmacopo'la, Materialis'ta, Scplasiu'-
rius, Pharmacopoe'us, (F.) Droguiate.  One who
sells drugs.
  DRUM OF THE EAR,  Tympanum.
  DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration.
  DRUNKENNESS,, Temulentia.
  DRYING,  Desicca'tion,  Sieca'tio,  Xeran'aia,
Auon'aia, Deaicca'tio,  Exaicca'tio;  same  etymon
as Drug.  Evaporation or removal of the super-
fluous humidity  in a body.
  Drying  of Plants,  Deaicca'tion  of  Plante.
Those which  are very succulent should be dried
quickly. They must be spread upon lattice work,
covered from the light, and exposed to the heat
of the sun  or to that of  a stove, not exceeding
110°  Fahrenheit.  The drying of less succulent
plants can  be effected at a lower temperature.
Flowera must be dried very carefully, excluding
light.   Seeds are dried  in a place where there
is a free current of  air.  Pulj/y fruita  may be
exposed to a gentle heat in a stove, which may
be gradually elevated.  Roota may also be dried
in the stove: the tuberous require to be cut in
slices.
   DTHOKE, Frambcesia.
   DUAL'ITY, Dual'itaa, from duo, 'two.'  The
state or quality  of being two.
   Duality  of  the  Mind, on Brain.   As  the
organ consists  of  two hemispheres, they have
been  regarded by  some  as separately  and dis-
3( 
DUCKFOOT                305            DWARFISHNESS
tinctly concerned in the mental and moral mani-
festations.
   DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis.
   Dl'CKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum.
   DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal,  alimentary,
Thoracic duet—d. of  Bellini, Uriniferous tube —
d. Nasal, Lachrymal duct — d. of Pecquet, Tho-
racic duett — d. Vitelline, see Vesicula umbilicalis
—d. of Wirsung, see  Pancreas.
   DUCTIO PR/EPUTII, Masturbation.
   DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget —d.
Urinas, Ureter.
   DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus—d. Arteriosus, Arte-
rial duct—d. Auris  palatinus, Eustachian tube.
   Ductus Bartholinia'nus, Bar'tholin's
Duct, (F.)  Canal de Bartholin.  The  excretory
duct of tho sublingual gland.
   Ductus  Belliniani,   Uriniferous tubes
— d. Biliarii,  Pori  biliarii — d. Botalli, Arterial
duct — d.  Choledochus,  Choledoch  duct — d.
Chyliferus,  Thoracic  duct — d. Cibarius,  Canal,
alimentary — d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of—d.
Hepaticus, Hepatic duct—d. Incisivus, Palatine
duct  (anterior)—d. Intestinalis, Canal, alimen-
tary—d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct—d. Lachryma-
lis, Lachrymal duct — d. Lacrumalis, Lachrymal
duct—d. Nasalis orbitae, Lachrymal or nasal duct
—d.  Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior)—
d. ad Nasum,  Lachrymal or nasal duct—d. Nu-
tritii, Canals, nutritive — d. Omphalo mesenteri-
cus, see Vesicula umbicalis—d. Pancreaticus, see
Pancreas — d. Pecqueti, Thoracic duct—d. Punc-
torura lachrymalium, Lachrymal ducts—d. Rivi-
niani, see Sublingual gland—d. Rorifer, Thoracic
duct.
   Ductus  Saliva'lis Infe'rior, Ductua Whar-
tonia'nus, (F.) Canal de  Warthon.   The excre-
tory  duct of the submaxillary gland.
   Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, Ductus  Steno-
nia'nus, Steno's  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de Stenon.
The  excretory duct of the parotid gland  which
opens into the mouth  opposite the  second upper
molar tooth.
   Ductus Semi-Circulares Labyrinthi, Semi-
circular canals—d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels—d.
Spirales cochleae, Scalse of the cochlea—d. Ste-
nonianus,  Ductus salivalis  superior —  d. Thora-
cicus, Thoracic duct—d. Urinse, Ureter—d. Uri-
narius, Urethra—d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous
tubes — d. Varicosi  uteri, Tubre Fallopianae — d.
Venosus, Canal, venous — d. Vitellarius, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis—d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis — d. Waltheriani, see Sublin-
gual gland—d. Whartonianus, Ductus salivalis
inferior.
   DUELECH,  Dulech.
   DUEL'LA.   The ancient name of a weight,
which was equivalent  to eight  scruples.
   DUELLUM  VENEREUM, Coition.
   DUG, Nipple.
   DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara.—d. Flex-
uosa, Solanum dulcamara.
   DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris.
   DULECH,  Due'lech.   A term employed by
Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre-
tended tartarized  substance, which forms in  the
human body, and produces acute pain,  accompa-
nied  with great danger.
   DULSE, Rhodomelapalmata—d. Pepper, Lau-
rentia pi inatifida.
   DUMBNESS. Mutitas.
   DUNBLANE.  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
The  springs of Dunblane, in  Scotland, contain
sulphate of soda, chlorides of sodium  and cal-
cium, and carbonate of iron.
   DUNG.  Fimus—d. Cow's,  Fimus Yaccae—d.
Goose, Fimus anseris — d. Stone-horse, Fimus
equinus.
      20
   DUNGA, Dengue.
   DUODENI'TIS, Dodecadactylitis.  A hybrid
term, from duodenum, and itis, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the duodenum, charac-
terized  by white tongue, bitter taste,  anorexia,
fulness  and tenderness in the region of the duo-
denum, and often yellowness of skin, along with
the ordinary signs of febrile irritation.
   DUODE'NUM,  Vcntric'ulus  Succenturia'tus,
Ec'physis seu Appen'dix seu Procea'aus  Ventric'-
uli, Portona'rium, Dodecadac'tylon, (from Iwlexa,
'twelve,'  and laxrvXos,  'a  finger.)   The duode-
num is the first part of the intestinal canal, com-
mencing at the pyloric orifice of the stomach, and
terminating in the jejunum.   Its length is about
twelve fingers'breadth, and as it is only partially
covered by the  peritoneum, it is susceptible of
considerable dilatation; hence  its name Ventri-
culua succenturiatu8. In the duodenum, chylifi-
cation takes place after the admixture of the
biliary and pancreatic fluids with the chyme.
   DUO-STERNAL.  Bgclard  thus  names  the
second  osseous  portion of the sternum, which
corresponds to the second intercostal space.
   DUPLICATION, (duo, 'two,' &ndplicare, 'to
fold.')  Duplica'tio,  Duplic"itaa,  Diplaaiaa'mu8,
Diplo'aia.   A species of malformation  or mon-
strosity,  characterized by the  parts  concerned
being doubled.  Double monatera.—Meckel.
   Duplication of the Fcetus, Evolution, spon-
taneous.
 '  DU'PLTCATURE, Dnplieatu'ro,  Refiec'tti.n,
from duplex, 'double,' 'twofold.'  The folding or
reflection of a membrane upon  itself; as Dvpli-
cature or reflection of the pleura, peritoneum, Ac.
   DUPON'DIUM.   A weight  of  four - drachms.
—Galen.
   DUR, Hard.
   DURA MATER, Craaaa meninx, Dura meniux,
Sclerome'ninx, Meninx exte'rior, Meninx. sclera,
M. pachei'a of Galen, Dura membra'na cer'ebrum
am'biens, Cuticula'ris membra'na, M. dermato'des,
Meninge, (Ch.) It has been called dura, because
of its great resistance; and mater,  because it was
believed to give rise to every membrane of the
body.  (F.) Dure mere, Dure-taye (Pare.)  It is
a fibrous semitransparent membrane, of a pearly-
white colour, thick, and very resisting; lines the'
cavity o£'the  cranium, and  contains the spinal
marrow; protects  the brain and  marrow;  and,.
by its various expansions — the falx cerebri, ten-
torium,, Ac,—supports the different  parts of the
cerebral mass.  The largest artery of  the dura
mater is the A. meninga'a me'dia.
  Dura Mater, Lateral  Processes  of  the,
Tentorium — d. m. Testis, Albuginea.
  DURATION OF LIFE, see Life—d.  of Preg-
nancy, see Pregnancy.
  DURE  MERE, Dura mater.
  DURE^  TA YE, Dura mater.
  DUREE  DE LA VIE, see Longevity.
  DURETE  D'OREILLE, Baryeeoia — d. de
I'Ouie, Deafness.
  D UR ILL 0 N, Callosity.
  DURIIS, Hard.
  DUSTING  BAG.  In  pharmacy,  a kind of
sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or
other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed
bottle or tin canister, to the mouth of which it is
secured.   The powdered substance  is  put  into
the bag, and the mouth being closed with a cover,
the apparatus is shaken, and the finer  particles
pass into the bottle or canister.
  DUTROA, Datura stramonium.
  DWARF, Nanus —d. Flag, Iris lacustrist
  DWARFISH,  see Nanus.
  DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus. 
                DYCTOIDES

  DYCTOIDES, Reticular.
  DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria—d. Weed,
Genista tinctoria, Reseda luteola.
  DYNAMETER,  Dynamometer.
  DYNAM'IC, Dynam'icus,  (F.) Dynamique :
same etymon.  In Mechanics, Dynam'ics investi-
gates  the  powers whereby bodies are put in mo-
tion, and the laws  connected therewith.  In  Bi-
ology, that which relates to the vital forces, Vital
Dynamics.   The influences of agents on the or-
ganism, which are  ascribable to  neither mecha-
nical nor chemical  causes, are sometimes termed
dynamic.
  Dynamic Diseases, see Organic.
  DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic.
  DYNAMICUS, Dynamic.
  DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force.
  DYNAMOM'ETER,  Myodynamometer, Myo-
dynamometer, from Ivvapis, 'force,' ' vital power,'
and perpov, ' measure.' An instrument, contrived
by M. Regnier, for measuring the  comparative
muscular strength of man and animals.  It con-
sists of a  spring,  which, when pressed upon,
causes a needle to move upon a portion of a circle,
furnished with a scale  of kilogrammes and one
of myriagrammes.   To measure the strength of
the hands, the two branches of  the spring  are
firmly grasped, and brought as near together as
the force can carry them.  This effort makes  the
needle traverse,  and indicates, on  the scale of
kilogrammes, the strength of the experimenter's
hands.  A man, 25 or 30 years  of age, exerts a
force commonly  equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100
pounds.
  The  strength of  the loins of a man, about 30
years of age, as indicated by this instrument, is
usually about 30 myriagrammes, or 265 pounds,
which shows the weight he is capable of raising.
  From experiments made by Peron, in his voy-
age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's  Land, 17
of New Holland, 56 of  the Island of Timor, 17
Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, and 14
Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales,
he found  their comparative  strength, indicated
by the dynamometer, to be as follows:
Natives of	STRENGTH			
	of the arm.		of the loins.	
	Kilog.	lbs.	Myri.	lbs.
1. Van Diemen's Land. 2. New Holland. 3. Timor. 4. France. 5. England.	50.6 50.8 58.7 69.2 71.4	101.2 101.6 117.4 138.4 142.4	10.2 11.6 15.2 15.2	208.08 238.64 310.08 332.52
  Dynamometer  or  Dynameter,  Medic"inal.
An instrument, invented by  Dr. Paris, for  the
purpose of showing the quantity of active matter
contained in a given weight or measure of any
officinal compound, with the dose of any prepa-
ration, which will be  equivalent in strength to a
given quantity of any other of the same  class.
The instrument is more ingenious than useful.
  DYOTA, Diota.
  DYrS, Ivs, in  composition,  ' difficult,  faulty :"
sometimes  privative; mostly  answering to  the
particles dia, in, mis,  or un, in English.   Hence:
  DYS^E'MIA, from Ivs, 'with difficulty,' and
'aipa, ' blood.'  A morbid condition of the blood.
  DYSjESTHE'SIA,  Dysaathe'aia, from  Ivs,
' with difficulty,' and aicSavopai,  ' I feel.'  Ob-
jcure, diminished, or even abolished sensation.
  Dysesthesia Auditoria, Cophosis—d. Gus-
6              DYSENTERIC

 tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia—d. 01-
 factoria, Anosmia.
   Dys.esthe'sia Visua'lis, Parov'aia.   Sense
 of sight vitiated or lost.
   DYS^ESTIIESIS, Dysaesthesia.
   DYSANAGO'GOS, from Ivs, ' with difficulty,'
 and avayw, ' I bring up.'  That which is expecto-
 rated with difficulty.  An epithet given, by the
 Greek writprs,  to the sputa, when expectorated
 with difficulty, on account of their viscidity.
   DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,Z>yga»a/7-/,o;,;f'/n,.
 from Ivs, 'with difficulty,' and avappotpnais, 'ab-
 sorption.'  Diminished absorption from morbid
 causes.
   DYS'APHE,  Dysaph'ia,  from  Svs,  and a>pn,
 ' feeling.'  Morbid feeling.
   DYSAPULO'TUS, Dysapu'lus, Dysepulo'ticus,
 Dysulo'tus, from Svs,  and airovXovv,  ' to  heal.'
 Healing with difficulty.
   DYSARTHRITIS, Gout, irregular.
   DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia.
   DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia.
   DYSCATAPO'TIA, from Svs, and xarainvw, 'I
 drink.'   Difficulty of swallowing  liquids.  This
 term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a substitute
 for hydrophobia, which means dread of liquids.
 The dread seems to be partly caused by the diffi-
 culty of deglutition.
   DYSCHE'ZIA;  from Svs,  and xe&lv> <to g° to
 stool.'  Difficult and painful defecation.
   DYSCHRGE'A,from Svs, 'with  difficulty,'and
 Xpoa or XP0la> ' colour.'   Diachro'a.  Sickly and
 unhealthy colour  of the skin.   Used synony-
 mously with the macula of Willan.
   DYSCHROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia.
   DYSCHYMOSEN, Chymoplania.
   DYSCINE'SIA, from Ivs, 'with difficulty,' and
 xivew, ' I move.'  Difficulty or utter incapability
 of moving.—Galen.
   DYSCOILIA, Constipation.
   DYSCOPHO'SIS, from Svs,  'with  difficulty,'
 and xoipow, ' I am deaf.'  A  defect in  the  sense
 of hearing.—Hippocrates.
   DYSCO'RIA, Coremetamorpho'aia,  from Ivs,
 and xopn, ' the pupil.'  Irregularity of shape of
 the pupil.
   DYSCRA'SIA, from Svs, and xpaais,  'tempera-
 ment'  Intempe'riea, Distemperan'tio, Dys'erasy.
 A bad habit of body.
   Dyscrasia Scrofulosa, Scrofula — d. Tuber-
 culosa, see Tubercle.
   DYSCRASIACUM, Spansemic
   DYSCRASIiE, Dysthetica.
   DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia—d. Bilious, Cholosis,
 Icterus.
   DYS'CRITOS, from Svs, 'with difficulty,' and
 xpiais, 'judgment'   That which it is difficult to
 judge of.—Hippocrates.
   DYSDA'CRIA,  Dysdacryo'sis,  from Svs, and
 laxpvov, ' a tear.' A morbid condition of the tears.
   DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdacria.
   DYSECCRIS'IA, from Svs,  and exxptais, 'ex-
 cretion.'  Difficult or defective excretion.
   DYSECCEA, Baryeeoia, Deafness.
   DYSEL'CIA, Dysepulo'tua,  from  <5uf,  'with
 difficulty,' and 'eXxos, 'an ulcer.'  An  ulcer diffi-
 cult to  heal.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
   DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition.
   DYSENTERIA,  Dysentery—d. Biliosa, Colo-
 cholosis—d. Hasmatera, Dysentery—d.  Hepatica,
 •Hepatirrhcea — d. Maligna, Enterocace — d. Pu-
 trida, Enterocace — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace —
 d. Splenica, Melaena — d. Typhodes, Enterocace.
   DYSENTER'IC,  Dyaenter'icus,  Dysen'terus,
30 
DYSENTERIUM             307                DYSPATHIA
Bame  etymon as Dysentery.  Relating to dysen-
tery.
  DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery.
  DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic—d. Saturnina,
Colica metallica.
  DYS'ENTERY, Dysenter'ia, Dysenter'ium,
Dysenter'ia hamate'ra, Difficul'tas intestino'rum,
from  lot, and evreoov, ' an  intestine;' Diaaolu'tua
morbus,  Diarrhn'a  camoaa, Colitis,  Coloni'tia,
Co/o-recti'tis,  Eudocoli'tia, Esocolltis, Deflux'ua
Dyaenter'icus,  Febria Dyaenter'ica,  Flumen  dy-
eenter'icum,  Fluxus  dyaenter'icua,  F. cruen'tua
cum Tcnes'mo,  Rheumtitie'mua inteatino'rum cum
ulcere, Tor'mino Celai, Tor'mina, Blennenter'ia,
Morbus  dissolu'tus,  Sedes  cruen'ta,  Lues  dysen-
tcr'ica, Bloody Flux; Flux, (F.) Flux dysente-
riquc, Flux de Sang.  Inflammation of the mu-
cous  membrane of the large  intestine; the chief
symptoms of which are:—fever, more or less in-
flammatory, with  frequent  mucous  or bloody
evacuations;   violent tormina  and  tenesmus.
When the evacuations do not  contain blood, it
has been called Dysenter'ia alba or simple Dysen-
tery.  The seat of the disease is, generally, in the
colon and rectum.  It occurs, particularly, dur-
ing the  summer and autumnal months, and in
hot climates more than in  cold: frequently, also,
in camps and  prisons, in consequence of impure
air, and  imperfect  nourishment: and is  often
epidemic Sporadic cases of dysentery are, gene-
rally, easily managed; but when the disease oc-
curs epidemically, it often  exhibits  great malig-
nancy.  Generally, it yields  to mild laxatives, as
castor oil, combined with  diaphoretic narcotics,
such  as  the pulvis ipecacuanha compositus, and
counter-irritants to the abdomen; but, at times,
the inflammation runs on  so speedily to ulcera-
tion,  that, unless a new action be rapidly excited,
death will be the consequence.  In such cases,
mercury  must  be  rapidly introduced into  the
Bystem,  and narcotics may be  combined with it.
   The whole management  in  acute dysentery
must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic.
   Dysentery, Bilious, Coiocholosis.
   DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus.
   DYSEPULOTOS, Dysclcia.
   DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia.
   DYSGA'LIA, Dysgalac'tia, from Ivs, and yaXa,
 ' milk.'   An unhealthy condition or depravation
 of the milk.
   DYSCENNE'SIA, from Ivs, and  yewnais, 'ge-
neration.'  Lesion of the  generative organs or
 functions.
   DYSGEU'SIA, Disgeus'tia,  from Svs,  and
 yevais, ' taste.'   A morbid  condition of the sense
 of taste.
   DYSIUF-MORRHCE'A,  from Svs, 'aipa, 'blood,'
 and ptui,  ' to flow.'  Difficulty in  the flow of blood,
 —according to some, of the hemorrhoidal flux.
 Also, symptoms occasioned  by its diminution or
 BUppression.—Sagar.
   DYSH.E'MIA, from  Svs, and 'aipa, 'blood.'
 A morbid condition of the blood.
   DYSHAPH'IA, Dysaph'ia, from  Ivs, and 'atpn,
 ' touch.'   A morbid condition of  the sense of
 touch.
   DYSIIUDRIA, Dysldria, from Ivs, and 'tlpws,
 'sweat'  A morbid state of the perspiration.
   DY SIA'TOS, Ivaiaros, from Svs, 'with diffi-
 culty,' and laopat, 'to  heal;' Cura'tu diffic"ili8.
 Difficult of cure.—Hippocrates.
   DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia.
   DYSLOCIU'A, Colica  lochia'lis, Hysteral'gia
 lochia'lis, from Svs,  and Xoxiof, 'relating to par-
turition.'  Diminution  or  suppression of the lo-
chial discharge.
  DYSMASE'SIS, Dysmasse'sis, Brady masse'sis,
from Ivs, ' wilh difficulty,'  and paanais, ' mastica-
tion.'   Difficult or impeded mastication.
  DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhoea.
  D YSMENORRHEE, Dysmenorrhoea.
  DYSMENORRHEA, Dysme'nia, Paramenia
diffic"ilis,  Menorrhagia  stillati"tia,  Men'strua
difficilia, M. Doloro'sa, Amenorrhce'a diffic"ilia
seu partia'lis, Menses dolorif'ica, Menorrhagia
diffic"ilis,  Menstrua'tio difflc"ili8,  31.  dolorif'-
ica, Laborious  or Difficult  Menstrua'Hon,  (F.)
Dysmenorrhee, Menstruation difficile, Regies diffi-
cilea, Strongurie menatruelle.  Catamenia passed
with great local pain, especially in the loins:—
with sometimes a membranous discharge.  Dys-
menorrhoea is very difficult of removal,  and pre-
vents conception.  In the married female, if she
should be able to pass one period without pain,
and subsequently become pregnant, the morbid
action may be broken  in upon by gestation, and
a perfect cure be obtained.  Change of  air,  soon
after  marriage, will  sometimes give occasion to
this desirable result.  The affection generally de-
pends  upon   erethism of the  interior of  the
uterus, called into action  at each catamenial pe-
riod.   The violence of the pain requires the  libe-
ral use of narcotics.
  DYSMNE'SIA; from Ivs, 'badly,' and pvnais,
'memory.'  Defective memory.
  DYSMORPHE, Deformation.
  DYSMORPHIA, Deformation.
  DYSMORPHOSIS,  Deformation.
  DYSNEPHRONEUVIE, Nephralgia.
  DYSODES, Fetid.
  DYSO'DIA, Dyaod'mia,  Dysos'mia,  Fcetor,
'fcetor,' from Ivs, 'badly,'  and  o{w, '  I  smell.'
(F.) Puanteur.  Sauvages has given this generic
name to all diseases, characterized  by fetid ema-
nations, from whatever part proceeding; — from
the mouth, nasal fossaa, bronchia, stomach,  axil-
las, groins, Ac  Also,  a stench or stink, Psoa.
  DYSODMIA, Dysodia.
  DYSODONTI'ASIS, Dentil'io difftc"ilia,  from
Ivs, 'with  difficulty,' and olovnaais, 'dentition.'
Difficult dentition.
  DYSONEI'ROS, from Ivs, 'with difficulty,' and
ovetpos, ' a dream.'  Insomnia, with restlessness.
  DYSO'PIA,  properly  Dysop'sia,  Dysoro'sis,
signifying ' shame,' from Ivs, ' with difficulty,'
and oirropat,  ' I see.' Difficulty of seeing: obscu-
rity of vision.
  Dysopia Dissitorum, Myopia.
  Dysopia  Latera'lis,  I'arop'aia  latera'lis,
Skue-sight, Sight aakew.   Vision  only accurate
when the object is placed obliquely.  This  state
is generally caused by  some opacity of the cornea,
   Dysopia Luminis, Nyctalopia — d.  Proximo-
rum,  Presbytia—d. Tenebrarum, Hemeralopia.
   DYSOPSIA,  Dysopia.
   DYSORASIS, Dysopia.
   DYSOREX'IA,  Inappeten'tia,  Appetltns de-
fic"iens, from  l<>s,  'with difficulty,' and ope^is,
 ' appetite.'   Diminution of appetite.
   DYSOS'MIA, from Ivs, 'with difficulty,' and
oapn, 'smell.'  Diminution of smell.
   DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dysosphre'sis, Dysoaphra'-
 eia, Dysphre'eia, from Ivs, and ootppnois, 'the sense
 of  smell.'   A morbid state of the sense of smell.
   DYSOSTO'SIS; from Ivs, and ocrenv, 'a bone.'
 A  faulty conformation or morbid condition  of
 bone.
I   DYSPATHIA, see Serious. 
                 DYSPEPSIA

  DYSPEPSIA,  from Svs, 'with  difficulty,' and
treirrw,  ' I concoct'   Limo'aia Dyapep'aia,  Ano-
rcx'ia,  Apep'aia,  Bradypep'aia,  Gaatroatax'ia,
Digea'tio deprava'ta, D. dijfi,c"ilis, D. lasa, Gas-
tro-ato'nia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi resolu'tio,
Cru'ditaa, Passio stomach'ica, Indigestion, Diffi-
culty of Digestion.  A state of the stomach, in
which  its functions are disturbed, without the
presence of other diseases,  or when, if other dis-
eases be present, they are  of but minor import-
ance.   The symptoms of dyspepsia are very va-
rious.  Those affecting the stomach itself are :—
loss of appetite ;  nausea; pain in the epigastrium
or hypochondrium; heart-burn ; sense of fulness,
or weight in  the stomach; acrid or fetid  eructa-
tions ;  pyrosis, and sense of fluttering or sinking
at the pit of the stomach. The sympathetic affec-
tions are of the most diversified character.  Dys-
pepsia, being generally of a functional nature, is
devoid of danger.  When arising from disease of
the stomach itself, it is, of course, more serious.
  It is usually dependent on irregularity of living;
either in the quantity or quality of the food taken:
and the most successful treatment  is, to  put the
patient on a diet easy of digestion ; to combat the
causes, where such are apparent;  and, by proper
remedies and regimen, to strengthen  the system
in every practicable manner. A great error exists
in regarding  it as always  a disease of debility.
It is often connected  with an inflammatory or
subinflammatory condition  of the mucous lining
of the  stomach,  and of course a very different
plan of treatment is required in  the  two cases.
Dyspepsia is often attended with  too  great a se-
cretion of the gastric acids;  but, on other occa-
sions, they would appear to be too small in quan-
tity, so  as to  constitute alkaline indigeation or
neutral indigestion.
  Dyspepsia Chlorosis, Chlorosis — d.  Hypo-
chondriasis,  Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis,  Py-
rosis.
  DYSPEPSIODYN'IA, Cardialgia.
  DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia.
  DYSPEP'TIC,  Dyspep'ticus,   Dyspcp'tus,
Apep'tic, Apep'ticus; same etymon.  Having re-
lation  to dyspepsia, as 'dyspeptic bread.'  One
who suffers from dyspepsia.
  DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic.
  DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia.
  DYSPEPTUS, Dyspeptic.
  DYSPERMA'SIA, Dyspermatis'mus, from Ivs,
' with difficulty,' and oneppa, ' sperm.'  Difficulty
—sometimes incapacity—of voiding the sperm.
  DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
  DYSPHA'GIA, Dyacatabro'aia, Dyacatap'oaia,
Deglutil'io  diffic"iUa,  D.  la'aa, D.  impedi'ta,
from Ivs,  'with  difficulty,' and  tpayw, 'I eat'
Difficulty  of  deglutition.   Dysphagia is  almost
always symptomatic, either of inflammation or
of other disease  of the  organs of deglutition, or
of incomplete obstruction of the  oesophagus, by
some obstacle within it, or by a neighbouring tu-
mour.  At times, it is produced by spasm or pa-
ralysis of the oesophagus.  The prognosis  and
treatment vary according to the cause.
  Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia.
  Dyspiia'gia  Constric'ta, D. Pharyngea,  D.
lEsophagea,  D.  Callo'sa, Strictu'ra Pharyn'gia
seu CEsoph'ogi vera, S. CE. Callo'sa, Stenocho'-
ria CEsoph'ogi, QZsophagiarc'tia, Lamoateno'aia.
Stricture of the  pharynx and oesophagus is an
affection which may be the result of pharyngitis or
wesophagitis; but more frequently of malignant
disease in the parietes of the tube.  The only
remedy is the bougie.
  Dyspha'gia Inflammatoria,  Oesophagitis—
J. Pharyngea, D. Constricta—d. CEsophagea, D.
8                DYSTOCIA

 Constricta — d. Spasmodien, GSsophagismus — d.
 Callosa,  D. Constricta — d. Paralytica, CBsopha-
 go^ilegia,  Pharyngoplegia—d.  Nervosa, Q*]sopha-
 gismus—d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia—d. Globosa,
 Angone—d. Hysterica,  Angone—d. Inflammato-
 ria,  Cynanche tonsillaris — d. Linguosa,  Para-
 glossa—d. Ranula, Ranula—d. Uvulosa, Staphy-
 loedema—d. Scirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus — d. Spas-
 tica, QSsophagismus.
  DYSPHO'NIA, from  Ivs, and tpwvn, 'the voice.'
 Difficulty of producing  and articulating sounds :
 voice imperfect or depfaved. Apho'nia, (of some.)
  Dysphonia Immodulata Nasalis, Rhinopho-
 nia—d. Immodulata palatina,  Asaphia.
  DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Asta'sia. Dissatis-
 faction ;  restlessness;   suffering;  indisposition;
 from Ivs, and tpepw, ' I bear.'
  Dysphoria Anxietas,  Anxiety — d. Nervosa,
 Fidgets—d. Simplex, Fidgets.
  DYSPHOTIA, Myopia.
  DYSPHRESIS, Dysosphresia.
  DYSPIO'NIA, from  Ivs, and  mwv, 'fat'  A
 morbid condition of  the adipous substance.
  DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic.
  DYSPLASTICUM, Spansemic.
  DYSPNffi'A, from Ivs, and irvew, 'I breathe.'
 Pseudo-asthma, Amphipneu'ma,  Respira'tio dif-
 fic"ilis seu brevis et rara, Brachypnce'a, Retentio
 a'e'rea, Anhela'tion,  Short breath, Difficulty  of
 breathing, (F.) Courte Haleine.   Dyspnoea may
 be idiopathic or symptomatic.  The latter accom-
 panies almost all  thoracic diseases.  Urgent dys-
 pnoea has been called amphipneu'ma,  aptpnrvivpa.
 —Hippocrates.
  Dyspncsa  Convulsiva, Asthma — d. Hydro-
 thoracica,  Hydrothorax — d.  Physothoracica,
 Pneumothorax—d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d.
 Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax — d.  Pyothoracica,
 Empyema.
  DYSSIA'LIA,  from  Ivs, and aiaXos,  'saliva.'
 A morbid condition of the saliva.
  DYSSYN'ODUS,  Dyssynu'sia, from Ivs, and
 avvolos, ' coition.'  Co'itus diffi,c"ili8.  Difficulty
 in coition.
  DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus.
  DYSTHAN'ATOS,  from Ivs, and Savaros,
 'death.'   That which causes a slow and  painful
 death.  One who experiences this kind of death.
 —Hippocrates, Galen.
  DYSTHELA'SIA, from Ivs, and &n^w, 'I give
 suck.'  Inaptitude for suckling.
  DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Difficiliter euro'bills ;
 from Ivs, and Scpaircta,' medical treatment' That
 which is difficult  of cure.
  DYSTHE'SIA, from Ivs, 'badly,' and n$npt, 'I
 am situate.' Dys'thesis,  Cachex'ia. Morbid habit
 Bad humour.  Impatience in disease.—Erotian.
  DYSTHET'ICA,  Cachex'ia, Cachexies; same
 etymon.   A  morbid  condition of the blood or
 blood-vessels; alone or connected with a morbid
 state of  other fluids, producing a diseased habit
 The fourth order in the class Hamatica of Good,
 including Plethora, Hamorrhagia, Ac.
  DYSTHYM'IA, from lvS, and Svpos,  'mind.'
 Depreaaion, Deapondency.  A bad sign in  acute
 diseases.  Also, Melancholy.
  DYSTOCIA, Mogostoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Helen'-
 tio  faitua, from Ivs, and  roxos,  'accouchement.'
 A  laborious  accouchement,  Labo'rioua  labour,
 Parodyn'ia, morbid  labour, difficult labour, Par-
 tu8 diffic"ilis.  See Laborious.
  Dystocia  Abortiva, Abortion—d. Dyscyesis,
 Pregnancy, morbid—d. Dyscyesis extra-uterina,
 see Pregnancy, preternatural.
3 
              DYSTOuCIIIASIS

  DYSTJEClII'ASIS^i'iyjid'j'rau, from Svs, 'bad,'
an'l aToiirns,  'order.'   Irregular position  of the
eye-lashes.—Forestus.
  DYSTON'IA, from Ivs, and rovos, 'tone.' Mor-
bid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ.
  DYSTROPH'IA,  from  Ivs, 'with difficulty,'
and rpotpn, 'nourishment'  Imperfect or defective
nutrition.
  DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus.
  DYSURE'SIA, Dysure'eis; from Svs,  and  ovpn-
ats, ' passing the urine.'  Pefective secretion and
evacuation of the urine.
  EAGLE-STONE, JEtites.
  EAR, Auris, Oils, ovs, Ac'o'e, Saxon, earie, (F.)
Oreille. The organ of audition.  It is composed of
a series  of more  or less  irregular cavities, in
which the sonorous rays are successively received
and reflected, until they agitate the nerves which
are destined to convey the impression to the brain.
The ear is contained partly in the substance of
the temporal bones; and  a part projects exter-
nally, behind the joint  of the  lower jaw.  It may
be divided into three portions;—the outer or ex-
ternal ear, formed by the auricle and meatus au-
ditorius ; the middle ear, comprising  the cavity
of the  tympanum and its dependencies;  and the
internal ear, comprehending the three semicircular
canals, the cochlea and the vestibule; which, to-
gether, constitute the osseous  labyrinth.  Within
the cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem-
branes having nearly the  shape of the vestibule
and semicircular canals, but  not extending into
the cochlea.  These  membranes form  the  mem-
branous labyrinth.   Between  the osseous and the
membranous  labyrinth is  situate  the  liquor of
Cotunnius, and within the membranous labyrinth
is a fluid, termed, by De Blainville, vitrine antli-
tive, from its supposed analogy to the  vitreous
humour of the eye.  The form of the membranous
vestibule is not an exact imitation of the osseous
cavity, being composed of two distinct sacs, which
open into each other,—the  one termed the Sac'-
culua  vestib'uli; the other Sac'cuius.  Each  sac
contains in its interior  a small mass of white cal-
careous matter resembling powdered chalk, which
seems to be suspended  in the fluid of the sacs by
means of a number of nervous filaments pro-
ceeding from the auditory nerve.  These are the
otoconies and otolithes  of Breschet.
  The auditory nerve  is distributed to the cavi-
ties of the internal ear.
  EAR-DOCTOR,  Aurist —e. Flap,  Proptoma
aurieularum.
  EAR-PICK,  Otog'lyphia,  Otog'lyphum, Coch-
lear auricula're, Auriscalpium, (F.) Cure-oreille.
A species  of  small scoop, used  for extracting
hardened cerumen from the meatus  auditorius
externus;  or to remove foreign bodies from  the
ear.  If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam-
mation of the tube.
  EAR-SURGEON, Aurist—e. Surgery, Otiatria.
  EAR-TRUMPET, Tubus acus'tiens,Acna'tirnm
Cornu, (F.) Cornet acouatique. An  instrument for
collecting sound and increasing its intensity, used
by those who  are  hard of  hearing.   It  is, com-
monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin, or
elastic gum, the base of which  is turned towards
the person who is speaking, and the apex placed
in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus.
)                    EAU

   DYFU'RIA, Uri'na  diffic"ilia excre'tio,  from
Ivs, 'with difficulty,'and ovpov, 'urine.'   Strati-
c/ury, (of eome.)  Difficulty of passing the urine.
In this affection the urine is  voided with  pain,
and  a sensation of heat in  some  part of the
urethra.   Dysuria is the first degree of retention
of urine.  It differs from strangury, in which the
urine can only be passed in drops and with  great
straining.
   Dysuria  Calculosa,  Calculi,  vesical  — d.
Irritata,  Calculi, vesical — d.  Mucosa,  Cystir-
rhoea.
  EARWAX, Cerumen.
  EARWIG, Forficula auricularia.
  EARTH  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana —e.
Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens — e. Gall, Vera-
trum viride—e. Heavy,  Baryta—e. Japan, Cate-
chu—e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia—e. Nut, Pignut,
Bunium balbocastanum—e. Ponderous, Baryta—
e. Samian,  Sami terra—e. Sealed, Terra sigillata
—e Talc, Magnesia.
  EATABLE, Esculent
  EAU, Water — e.  d'Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix-
la-Chapelle.
  EAU D'ALIBOUR.  This compound is made
of sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper, each
£j ; camphor,  ten  grains;  saffron,  four  grains;
water,  four fluidounces.   Employed in  chronic
inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulnerary.
  EAU  DE  L'AMNIOS, Liquor amnii — e.
d'Amandca ameres, Aqua amygdalarum concen-
trate.
  EAU  ANTIPUTRIDE DE  BEAUFORT.
Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid.
  EAU D'ARMAGNAC,  Tinctura cinnamomi
composita—e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters—e. de
Bareges, Bar6ges water — e.  de Binelli,  Aqua
Binellii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
dilutus — e. de Bonferme,  Tinctura cinnamomi
composita—e. de Bonnes, Bonnes, mineral waters
of—e. de Boule, see  Ferrum tartarizatum — e. de
Bourbonne-lea-Baina, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi-
neral waters of— e. de Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchi-
erii — e. des Carmes, see Melissa — e. de Chaux,
Liquor calcis—e. de  Chaux composee, Liquor cal-
cis compositus.
  EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water. A cele-
brated perfume, so called from the place where it
is made.   The following is one formula:  Oil of
bergamot, ^iij ; Oil of lemon, ^ij ; Oil of Laven-
der, ^iiiss ; Oil ofneroli, £iiss ;  Oil of origanum,
,^ij : Oil of rosemary, gj ; Essence of vanilla, Sij ;
Musk,  ten  grains; Rectified spirit, Oxiij : Rose-
water,  Oij : Orange-flower water, Oj.  Macerate
for fourteen days,  and filter.
  EAU DE CUIVRE AMMONIACALE, Li-
quor cupri ammoniati — e. DistilUe, Water, dis-
tilled— e.  de Fontaine,  AVater,  spring — e. dea
Fontaines de la Mareguerie, Rouen, mineral wa-
ters of—e.  contre la Gangrene, Liquor hydrargyri
nitrici—e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris—e. de
Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
  EAUHEMASTATIQUE DE TISSERAND.
A hemastatic water  reputed to possess the same
properties  as  the Aqua  Brocchierii.   It  may be
prepared by digesting dragon's blood, and turpen-
tine of the  Vosges in  water.
  EA U D'HUSSON,  Vinum colchici —•». des
30
E. 
EAU                   310
 Hydropiquea, Serum of serous  membranes — e.
 Hydroaulfuree aimple, Hydrosulphuretted water.
   EAU DE JAVELLE, Bleaching liquid, Aqua
 alkali na  oxymuriat'ica, Labarraque'8 Solution,
 (Common  salt, Ibij ;  black  oxide  of  manganese,
 Ibj ; water, thij.  Put into a retort, and add, gra-
 dually, oil of vitriol, Ibij. Pass the vapour through
 a solution of subcarbonate of potassa ^iij  in water
 §xxix,  applying  heat  towards  the last.  S. g.
 1.087.)  It is stimulant,  detergent, and antiseptic,
 —applied externally.
   EAU DE LAC, Water, lake—e. de Luce, Spi-
 ritus ammoniae succinatus—e. MagnSstenne, Mag-
 nesia, fluid—e. de Marais, Water, marsh—e. J/e-
 dicinale d'Husson, see  Colchicum autumnale—e.
 de Mer, Water, sea — e. Mercurielle,  Liquor hy-
 drargyri nitrici—e. Minerale, Water, mineral—e.
 de Monterossi, Aqua Binellii—e. de A'aples, Na-
 ples water, factitious — e. de Neige, Water, snow
 —e. de  Pluie, Water, rain—e. de Potaa8e, Liquor
 potassas — e. de Puit, Water, well — e. de Rabel,
 Elixir acidum Halleri—e. Regale, Nitro-muriatic
 acid—e. de  Source, Water, well—e. Styptique de
 Brocchieri,  Aqua Brocchierii—e. Suci-ee, Hydro-
 saccharum — e. Vegeto-minerale, Liquor  Plumbi
 subacetatis dilutus—e.  de Vichy, Vichy  water—
 e.  de Vie,  Brandy—e. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura
 jalapii  composita — e. de Vie camphree,  Spiritus
 camphorae.
   EA UX, LES,  Liquor amnii — e. Hepatiques,
 Waters, mineral,  sulfureous—e. Mineralea artifi-
 ciellea, Waters, mineral, artificial — e. Mineralea
 facticea, Waters, mineral, artificial—e. Mineralea
 ferrugineuaea, Waters, mineral, gaseous, Ac.—e.
 Mineralea gaseuses ou acidities, Waters, mineral,
 gaseous, Ac.—e. Minerales aalines, Waters, mine-
 ral,  saline—e.  Minerales aulfureuaea,   Waters,
 mineral, sulfureous—e.  Sulfurees, Waters, mine-
 ral, sulfureous.
  EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. An
 acidulous  chalybeate, in the department of Loire
 Inferieure, near Nantes.
  EBLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling.
  EBRIECA'SUM.  A term employed by Para-
 celsus to denote a disturbance of the reason, simi-
 lar to what occurs in drunkenness.
  EBRIETAS, Temulentia.
  EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia.
  EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus —e. Sto-
machi, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis.
  EBULLIT"ION, Ebullil'io, JEstnat"io,Anaz'-
 eaia,  Cauaia,  from  ebullire, 'to bubble up.' Boil-
ing; (F.) Bouillonnement.   The  motion  of a
liquid, by  which it gives off bubbles of  vapour,
by heat  or fermentation.  The boiling point of
liquids varies according to the pressure to which
they are subjected.  For the point of ebullition
 of  different substances, see Heat
  Ebullition is used in  France, in  a vague man-
ner, for  every kind of transient  eruption of the
skin, occurring without fever or  with  a slight
febrile attack.
  EBULUS, Sambueus  ebulus.
  EBUR,  Ivory.
  E B U R N IFIC A'T 10 N, Ebumifica'tio, from
ebur, 'ivory,' and fio, 'to be made.'  An incrus-
tation of  the articular surfaces of bones  with
phosphate of lime, which gives them the white-
ness and hardness of ivory.
  EC, (before a vowel, Ex,) ex, e%, 'out of, from,
 of.'  Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, Ac.
  ECAILLE, Scale.
  tCAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostrese testes.
  ECAILLEUX, Squamous.
  ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elate-
 rium.
  ECBESOMENON, Eventus.
ECDEM10MANIA
   ECBLOMA, see Abortion.
   ECBOLE, Abortion.
   ECBOLIC, Abortive.
   ECBOLICUS, Abortive.
   ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ola-
 terium.
   ECBOLIUS, Abortive.
   ECBRAS'MATA, from ex^pa^w,  'I boil up.'
 Ecchym'ata.   Hippocrates uses the word for cer-
 tain burning eruptions.
   ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
   ECCEPHALO'SIS,   Excerebra'tio,  Cephalo-
 tom'ia, from  ex, ' out,'  and xetpaXn,  ' head.'  The
 removal of the brain  of the child to facilitate
 delivery.
   ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration.
   ECCHORESIS, Defecation.
   ECCHYLOMA, Succus expressus.
   ECCHYMATA, Ecbrasmata,
   ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pelidno'ma, Pe-
 lio'ma, Hypha'ma, Hypoa'ma, Hypoa'mia, from
 ex, 'out of,' and xvpos, 'juice,'  'humour;' Effu'-
 sio,  Exaucca'tio, Suffu'sio aan'guinia.  A  livid,
 black, or  yellow  spot, Livor songuin'eus, pro-
 duced by  blood effused into the  areolar tissue
 from a contusion.   Spontaneous effusions, occur-
 ring as the result of disease or after death, are
 called suggillations.
   Ecchymoma Arteriosum, see Aneurism — e.
 Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephalsematoma — e.
 Hyponychon, Hyponychon — e. Lymphaticum,
 Phleginatia dolens—e. Melasma, Melasma.
   ECCHYMOSIS, Ecchymoma.
   ECCHYSIS, Effusion.
   ECCLISIS, Luxation.
   ECCOPE,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia,  from ex, and
 xoirreiv,  'to cut'  The act of cutting out: also,
 a  perpendicular division of the  cranium by a
 cutting instrument.  See Entaille.
   ECCOP'EUS.  Same etymon.   A knife or in-
 strument for cutting.  An ancient instrument—
 the raspatory—used in trepanning.
   ECCOPROSLESTHE'SIS, from ex, xorpos, 'ex-
 crement,' and atadnais,  'sensation.'  The  sensa-
 sion or desire to evacuate the bowels.
   ECCOPROSIS, Defecation.
   ECCOPROT'IC, Eccoprot'icus, Ectoprot'ic, from
 ef, 'out of,' and xoirpos,  'excrement'  Mild pur-
gatives or  laxatives, whose operation is confined
 to simply clearing out the intestinal canal.
  ECCORTHAT'ICUS, from ex,  'out  of,' and
xopdaw, 'I collect'  An ancient epithet for reme-
dies  to which was attributed  the property  of
evacuating collections of humours.
  ECCRINOL'OGY,   Eccrinolog"ia,  Eccrisio-
log"ia, from txxptvw, (ex, and xptvw,) 'I separate,'
and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  A treatise on the secre-
tions.
  ECCRISIOLOGIA, Eccrinology.
   ECCRISION'OSI, Eccresionu'si, from exxpiats,
 ' excretion,'  and voaos,  ' disease.'  Diseases  of
excretion.
 _ ECCRISIOS'CHESIS,  from exxp.ats, 'excre-
 tion,' and axcats, ' retention.' Arrest or retention
 of excretions  ; or of a critical evacuation.
   ECCRISIS, Excretion.
   ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases of the excernent
 function.   The  6th  class  in  Good's Nosology
 Also, medicines that act on the excernent system,
   ECCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-uterine—e. Ab-
 dominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal — e. Ovaria,
 Pregnancy, ovarial—e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal.
   ECCYLIO'SIS,  from ex, 'out of,'  and xvXuiv,
 'to turn round.' M^orbus evolutio'nis.   A disease
 of evolution or development.
   ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'osus, from exln- 
ECDEMIONOSUS             311               ECONOMY
 tta, 'I travel about,' and pavia, 'mania.'  A mor- I
 id desire to be travelling about.
  ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania,
  EC'DORA, from ex, and lepw, ' I flay.'  Anad'-
ora,  Excoria'tio.   Excoriation  in  general, but
more especially of the urethra.
  EC'DYSIS, from exlvw, (ex, and Ivw,) 'I put
off.'   Moulting of the skin of animals.  Desqua-
mation.
  ECIIALOTTE, Eschalotte, Allium Ascalon'-
icum, C>pa Ascalon'ica.  The shallot'.  A species
of allium, employed in culinary preparations.
  ECIIASCRURE (F.), Emargina'tio, Emargi-
natu'ra, Indsu'ra.  A French word, employed by
anatomists to designate depressions and notches
of various shapes,  observed on the surface  or
edges of bones.
  ECIIASCRURE ETHMOIDALE is on the
nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid.  See
 Ethmoid.
  ECHANCRURE NAS ALE, Nasal Notch, be-
longs to the os frontis, and is articulated with the
 boms of the nose.
  E< 'HA NCRURE PAROTIDIENNE is a tri-
 angular space, comprised between the parotidean
 edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the mas-
 toid process,  so called because it lodges the pa-
 rotid gland.
  ECU A NCR URE SOAP ULAIRE, Notch, sca-
 pular—e. Sciatique grande, see Sciatic Notch—e".
 Sciatique petite, see Sciatic Notch.
  ECIIARDE, Splinter.
   ECHARPE GRANDE,  et E. MOYEN, see
 Sling—e. de J. L. Petit, see Sling—e". Petite, see
 Sling.
   ECHAUBOULURES (F.),  Sudam'ina,  Hi-
 dro'a.  A word whose meaning is not fixed.   It
 is applied to any eruption on the surface of the
 body, accompanied with pricking and  other un-
 easy sensations.
   ECIIAUFFANTS, Calefacients.
   ECHAUFFEMENS, Chafing.
   ECHAUFFEMENT (F.) Calefac'tio, Excale-
 fac'tio, from (F.)echauffer, (calefacere,) 'to make
 warm.'   Augmentation of  heat  in the animal
 economy ; the symptoms of which are a more
 than  ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to
 perspiration, great thirst, general  indisposition,
 flushed countenance, Ac.  It goes off by the  use
 of antiphlogistics and abstinence.  In the vulgar
 language it is often used synonymously with con-
 stipation,  and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea,
 and for chafing.
   ECIIECOL'LON, from t^oi, 'Ihave,' and xoXXa,
 'glue.'  Echeeollum.  Any  topical  glutinous  re-
 medy.—Gorraeus, Galen.
   EOHELLES  DU LIMACON,  Scalae of the
 cochlea.
   ECHENETS, Remora Hildani.
   ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba.
   ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,   Brown  ten-inch-
 long  viper.   A  most formidable  viper  in  the
 forests of Peru,  the  bite of which is so rapidly
 fatal, that it kills a strong man in two or three
 minutes.  Tschudi.
   ECIIINA'CEA  PURPU'REA, Purple  Cane-
 flower, Black Sampson, of the Composite Family;
 indigenous in Ohio and westward: its dull pur-
 ple flowers appearing in July.  The root is aro-
 matic, and used  popularly as a carminative.
   EC1IINE, Vertebral column.
   ECHINOCOCCUS H0M1NIS, see Worms —
 e. Humanus, Hydatid.
   ECHINODEHMI.  Porcupine men.
   EC1IIN0GL0SSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
  ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,from£X(voc,'a hedge-
hog,' and otpSaXpia, 'inflammation of the eye.'
Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro-
ject like the quills of the hedgehog.
  ECHI'NOPS,  from  ex^os,  'hedgehog,'  and
Mi/.-, 'appearance.'   Crocodilion, Acanthalzuca,
Scabio'sa  carduifo'lia, Spharoceph'ula  ela'tior,
Echlnopus,Echinops Spharoceph'alus.  The globe
thiatle.   The root and seeds  are reputed to be
moderately diuretic
  ECHINOPUS, Ecbinops.
  ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda.
  ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium.
  ECUOSCOPE, Auscultation.
  ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethescope.
  ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-
uterine.
  ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sia, Eclamp'sia, Epi-
lamp'sis, Effulgescen'tia, from exXaxn^w,  ' I kick.'
Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of
light; and hence Hippocrates has used  the last
two words for epilepsy.  They have all been ap-
plied to the convulsions of children.
   ECLAIRE,  Chelidonium  majus—£. Petite,
Ranunculus ficaria.
   ECLAMP'SIA, Convulsion :  also, the convul-
sions of children, Eclamp'sia infan'tum,  Epilep'-
aia acu'ta infan'tum, E.  febri'lia infan'tum, E.
pueri'lia, (F.) Convulaiona de8 Enfans, Eclampsie.
   Eclamp'sia  Gravida'rum  et PAitTtRiEN'-
tium ; Puerperal  Convulaiona,  (F.)  Convulsions
desfemmes enceintes et en couche.  Convulsions of
pregnant and parturient women.
   Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia — e. Nu-
tans, Convulsion, Salaam—e.Typhodes,Raphania,
   ECLAMPSIE  DES ENFANS,  Eclampsia
infantum.
   ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) Eclee'tici
 Med'ici, from txXeyw, 'I choose.'  A sect of phy-
 sicians, who professed to choose, from other sects,
 all the opinions which appeared to  them best
 founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master of Archi-
 genes of Apamaea, in Syria,  was  its  reputed
 founder; and Archigenes  and  Aretaeus  were its
 greatest  ornaments.   The doctrine was  called
 Eclec'ti8m,  Eclectia'mua,  Medici'na eclec'tica,
 Eclectic med'icine.  Every judicious physician
 must be an eclectic
    ECLECTISM. see Eclectic
    ECLECTOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'ma, Elix'is, Lom-
 bitlvum, Linctus, Linctua'rium, from exXixw, 'I
 lick.'   (F.) Looch.  A  medicine, of a thick,  sy-
 rupy consistence, chiefly used to allay cough, and
 consisting of pectoral remedies. It was formerly
 sucked from the  end of  a liquorice stick, made
 into a kind of pencil; hence its name Linctus,
 from lingere, ' to lick.'  Although the linctus is
 usually exhibited in thoracic affections, it may
 have tonic virtues combined with it.
    ECLEGMA ALBUM,  Looch album—e. Gum-
 moso-oleosum, Looch album.
    ECLEIPISIS, Exfoliation.
    ECLEPISIS, Desquamation.
    ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative trepan.
    ECLIGMA, Eclectos.
    ECLIMIA.  Boulimia.
    ECLIPSIS, Syncope.
    ECLISSE,  Splint.
    ECLYSES,  Adynamiae.
    ECLYSIS, Exaolu'tio; from txXvw, 'Iloosen.'
 Resolution, prostration of strength ;  faintness.
    Eclvsis Pneumo-cardiaca, Asphyxia.
    ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio.
    ECN03A, Dementia.
    ECOLE, School.
    ECON'OMY, GScono'mia, from oixta, 'ahouse,'
 a  family,' and vepw, ' I rule.'  By fhe term  ani- 
ECORCE
312
ECTOPIA
mal economy is understood,—the aggregate of the
laws which govern the organism.  The word eco-
nomy is, also, used for the aggregate of parts
which constitute man or animals.
  ECORCE, Cortex — e.  Cariocostine,  Canella
alba—e. de Saint Lucie, Cinchonas Caribasas cor-
tex— e. de  Winter, see Wintera aromatica — e.
Fausse de Winter, Canella alba.
  ECORCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation.
  ECOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea —e.
Blanc, Leueorrhcea — e. de Sang par I'Inteetin,
Hsematochezia.
  ECOUVILLON, see Ecouvillonnement.
  ECOUVILLONNEMENT  (F.),  from  ecou-
villon, ' a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.'   A
term used  by the French  therapeutists for  the
act of cleansing or applying remedies to a part
by means of a mop or brush fixed to the  end of a
piece of whalebone.   Such  mop or brush is
termed  Econrillon.
  ECPHLOGOSIS, Inflammation.
  ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula—e. Herpes, Herpes—
e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus — e. Her-
pes exedens, Herpes exedens—e. Herpes miliaris,
Herpes  phlyctasnodes — e.  Herpes zoster, Herpes
zoster—e. Pompholyx, Pompholyx—e. Rhypia,
Rupia.
  ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent.
  ECPHRAX'IS, from extppaaaw, ' I remove  ob-
struction.'  The action of ecphractic or  deob-
struent  remedies.
  ECPHRONIA, Insanity—e. Melancholia, Me-
lancholy.
  ECPIIYAS, Appendix vermiformis caeci.
  ECPHYMA,  Excrescence, Tumour—e. Callus,
Callosity — e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle — e.  Clavus,
Corn — e. (Edematicum, (Edema,  Phlegmatia  do-
lens— e. Physconia, Physconia — e. Trichoma,
Plica—e. Verruca, Verruca.
  ECPHYMATA, Rubeola.
  ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'tio, Effla'tua, from txfv-
aaw,  ' I breathe through.'  Exeuffla'tio.   A quick
and forced expulsion of air from the  lungs.
  ECPHYSIS,  Apophysis —e. Ventriculi, Duo-
denum.
  ECPIES'MA, from ex-me^w,  ' I compress.'  Ef-
fractu'ra, Impac'tion,  Deces'sio.  A fracture  of
the cranium, with depression  of the fragments
and compression of the brain.
  ECPIES'MOS,  Expres'eio,  Ex'itua, Ec.piea'-
mon, same etymon. Celsus uses  these words to
signify the  forcing of the  eye from the  orbitar
cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation
of the organ.   See Exophthalmia.
  ECPLERO'MA, from ex, and  irXepow,  <I fill.'
A cuahion, a pad. Hippocrates  means,  by this
term, a small pad or  ball of leather, or other
substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm-
pit; used probably in  reducing luxations of  the
shoulder.
  ECPLEXIA, Stupor.
  ECPLEXIS,  Stupor.
  ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration.
  ECPNEUSIS, Expiration.
  ECPNOE, Expiration.
  ECPTO'MA,  Ecpto'aia, Exciden'tia; from  ex-
irtirrw, ' I fall out'  This word has been used in
various senses.  1. Synonymously with luxation.
2. For the  separation of gangrenous parts.   3.
Fof the  expulsion of the secundines.   4.  For the
prolapsus of the womb : and 5. For intestinal or
omental hernia, Ac
  ECPTOSIS, Luxation.
  ECPYCTICA, Incrassantia.
  ECPYEMA, Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema.
  ECPYESIS, Abscess, Empyema, Pustule —e.
 Impetigo, Impetigo—e. Porrigo, Porrigo—e. Por-
 rigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis—e. Porrigo favosa,
 Porrigo favosa—e. Porrigo furfuracea, Porrigo
 furfurans — e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata
 —e. Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa—e. Sca-

  ECPYETICUS,  Suppurative.
  ECPYISCONTUS, Suppurative.
  ECREVISSE, Crab.
  ECREX'IS, Ruptu'ra,  from  expnyvvpt, 'to
 break.'  Rupture,  laceration.
  ECRHYTH'MUS, ex, and pvSuos,  'rhythm.'
 A term  applied to the  pulse, particularly when
 irregular.—Galen.
  ECROE, Discharge.
  ECROUELLES, Scrofula— L Mesenteriques,
 Tabes mesenterica.
  ECRYSIS, from expew, 'I run from.'  A dis-
 charge.
  ECSARCO'MA,  from ex, and aapi~, 'flesh.'  A
 fleshy excrescence of various kinds.  See Fun-
 gosity and Sarcoma.
  ECSESMA, Eczema.
  ECSTASIS, from  e^iarapai, 'I am beside my-
 self.' An ec'ataay or trance,  Cams ec'stasis, Cul-
 ochua, Ex'stasis, Catalep'sia spu'ria, Hyperplexie,
 (F.) Extase.  A state in which certain ideas so
 completely absorb the  mind, that the external
 sensations  are  suspended, the voluntary move-
 ments arrested, and even the  vital action  re-
 tarded.  In catalepsy, there  is, in addition, com-
 plete suspension  of the intellectual  faculties.
 This  last  condition  is  in general described as
 trance.  See, also,  luxation.
  ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia.
  ECTASIA, Aneurism—e. Venarum, Varix.
  ECTASIS, Extension, Expansion.
  Ec'tasis I'ridis, is the extension or expansion
 of the iris, which occasions diminution of the
 pupil.
  ECTEXIS, Colliquation.
  ECTHETOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepho-
 tropheum.
  ECTHLIM'MA, Exulcera'tio, from t/tSXt/fo, 'I
 express,' ' I  bruise.'   Attrition.   Chafings, or
 excoriations,  produced  by external violence.—
 Hippocrates.
  ECTHLIPSIS, Expression.
  ECTHYMA or  ECTHY'MA,  from «S«w, 'I
 break out'  Eepye'sis, Phlysis ecthyma, Phlyza'-
 cia  a'gria, Sca'bies  Vera, Furun'culi aton'ici,
 (F.) Dartre crustacee, D. fongueuse.  A cutane-
 ous  eruption, characterized by large round pus-
 tules, always distinct and seated upon  an indu-
 rated and  highly inflamed base.  In the course
 of a day or two the pustules generally break, and
 olive-brown incrustations are formed which ad-
 here firmly to the skin.  These separate in about
 a fortnight.   The disease requires the antiphlo-
 gistic treatment.   Under the Ecthymata, Vogel
 has  designated certain  hard, unequal  tumours,
 which appear transitorily on the skin.   See Ef-
 florescence, Exanthem, and Pustule.
  ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra-
 uterine.
  ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory.
  ECTILMOS, Evulsion.
  ECTOME,  Castration, Eccope, Entaille,  Ex-
 cision.
  ECTOMIA, Castration, Eccope.
  ECTOMIUS, Castratus.
  ECTONION, Helleborus niger.
  ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa.
  ECTOP'IA, Ectop'iaia, Ectopiamua,  Entoce'le,
from exroiros,  'out  of place.' Morbid  displace-
ment of parts.   See Luxation. 
ECTOPOCYSTICUS
313
EFFERENT
  Ectopia Ani, Proctocele.
  Ectopia Cordis, Cardianas'tropht.  Displace-
ment, dislocation,  or unnatural position of the
heart.
  Ectopia IIerniosa, Hernia.
  ECTOPOCYS'TICUS, from  exroiros,  'out of
place,'and kvstis, ' bladder.'  A disease depend-
ent upon displacement of the bladder.
  ECTOPROTIC,  Eccoprotic
  ECTOZO'A, Extozo'n, Extozoa'ria,  (F.) Exto-
zoaires.  Parasitic animals that infest the exterior
of the body, — as lice.   A term which, like Hel-
min'thia crrot'ica and Paeudohelmin'thea,  is ap-
plied to worms  or larves  of insects that have
been  introduced into the intestinal  canal by ac-
cident.  Animalcules, most frequently swallowed,
are the hairworm, leech, grub of the fly, caddy
insect—I'hola'no penguiuu'lia ;  the larve of the
bee,  the  spider, the triton palus'tris, lacer'ta
uquat'ica, Ac. In animals, hots  are produced by
swallowing the ova of the oestrus or gadfly.  See
llelniinthia crratica.
  ECTRIM'MA, from  txrpifa, 'I rub off.'  Ul-
ceration of the skin ; and particularly that which
arises from  the  pressure of the bed on  different
parts of the body, after a protracted confinement
—Hippocrates.
  ECTRODACTYLTA; from exrpwats, 'abortion,'
and laxrvXos, ' a finger.'   A malformation, in which
one or more fingers or toes are wanting.
  ECTROMA, Abortion.
  ECTRO'MELES; from  exrpwats,  'abortion,'
and peXos, 'a limb.'   A  genus of monsters, in
which the limbs are nearly or altogether deficient,
as in the ordinary cetacea.—J. G. St. Hilaire.
  EC'TROPE,  Divertic'ulum, from exrpetrw, ' I
turn off,'  ' divert'  Any duct by which peccant
or morbific matter was supposed to be drawn off.
—Hippocrates.
  ECTROP'ION, same etymon.  Ec.trop'ium,
Ever'sio palpebra,  Blepharopto'ris Ectro'pium,
Blepharoto'aia,  Palpebra  infe'rior  extror'aum
flexa, Divarica'tio  seu  Reflex'io seu Reclina'tio
palpebra'rum, (F.)  Eraillement dea  Paupiires,
llenveraement des  Ponpieres.  Eversion of the
eyelids, so that they do  not completely cover the
globe of the eye.  It happens more commonly to
the lower than  to  the upper eyelid.  It may be
owing to the retraction of the skin, after the cure
of  an ulcer, wound, or burn  of the eyelid; or it
may depend  on  tumefaction or relaxation of the
conjunctiva.  In the majority of cases, removal
of a portion of the conjunctiva will effect a cure;
but there  are many which defy the  efforts of art.
The ancients called Ectropion of the upper eyelid
lagophtholmia.
  ECTROSIS, Abortion.
  ECTROSMOS, Abortion.
  ECTROT'IC,  from exrpwpa, (ex, and rtrpwaxw,
'I wound,') ' abortion.'  Ectrot1icus,  Abortive. An
epithet  applied  to  methods for preventing the
development or  causing the abortion of any dis-
ease—  as of chancres  by  the  use of caustic;
small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint-
ment, Ac
  ECTYLOTICUS,  Catheretic
  ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
  ECUMEUX,  Frothy.
  ECUS SONS. ' Escutcheons or shields.'  Plas-
ters spread upon the skin ; or small bags—sachets
—of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous
powders,  which  are applied on the  skin.  See
Sachet.
  ECZEMA, from r*-;«■>,  'I boil out,' 'I effer-
vesce' Eczes'ma, Ecses'ma, Pus'tula ardens, Cy-
tis'ma,  Eczema,  Humid Tetter,  Running Scall,
(F.)  Dartre squammeuse humide,  D. vive, Gale
epitUmiqiie.  Heat eruption. An eruption of small
vesicles on various parts of the skin, usually set
close or crowded together; with  little or no in-
flammation  around their bases, and unattended
by fever.
  Ec'zema Mercuria'lE, Ec'zema rubrum, Ery-
the'ma mercuria'le, E. ichoro'sum, Hydrargyria,
Hydrargyro'sis, Hydrargyriasis, Morbus mercu-
ria'lis, Mercu'rial lepra.  A variety of eczema,
arising from the irritation of mercury. The treat-
ment is chiefly palliative, consisting in ablution
with mucilaginous infusions or decoctions; mild
dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated; avoid-
ing all irritation ; keeping the bowels open; with
the use of  sulphuric acid and cinchona.   The
Ec'zema Impetigino'des, Gall, or Grocer's Itch,  is
produced by the irritation of sugar.
  Eczema of  the Face, at  an advanced stage,
and  occurring in young children, has been de-
scribed under  the names Crusta lactea and Por-
rigo larvalis.
  Eczema of  the  Hairy Scalp is  often  con-
founded with other affections, under the  names
Porrigo and Tinea, which are pustular, not vesi-
cular, in their form.  It occurs during dentition,
and even  afterwards, and the  discharge is so pro-
fuse, that the head appears as if dipped in some
glutinous  liquid.  By and by, the secretion dries
into crusts  and mats the hair into little separate
tufts.  The  scalp gives evidence of inflammatory
excitement, and the lymphatic ganglions of the
neck are apt to become inflamed and suppurate.
  A variety of humid scalled head, in which the
humour from  the excoriated surface runs down
upon the hairs, and encloses them in little silvery
pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbca-
toa ScalL
  Eczema Rubrum, Eczema mercuriale.
  ECZEMATO'SES, (G.) Eczematosen, same
etymon.   A family of diseases, in  the  classifica-
tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the
cutaneous secretions—as of the perspiration, se-
baceous and colouring matters, Ac, and hence
many  chronic cutaneous affections.   His subdi-
visions are, ephidroaea,  amegmorrhoea, acarpa,
polycarpa and monocarpa.
  ECZESIS, Effervescens.
  ECZESMA, Eczema, Lichen tropicus.
  EDEMATOUS, Edematous.
  EDENTATUS, Edentulus.
  EDENTULI, Nefrendes.
  EDEN'TULOUS, Eden'tulua, Edento'tua, from
e, and dena, dentia, 'a tooth.' _, Ano'due, Carena
den'tibua, Nodea, Nodus,  (F.) Edente.  One with-
out teeth.  This  defect can only be remedied by
artificial means.  See Nefrendes.
  EDERA, Hedera helix.
  EDIBLE, Esculent.
  EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Paadia.
  EDULCORA'TION, Glycon'aia,  Edulcoro'tio,
from edulcorare,  (dulcia,  ' sweet,') ' to sweeten,'
'to render  mild.'  An operation, the object  of
which is to  deprive a substance of its  acrid and
disagreeable taste, or at least  to disguise it Also,
the addition of a saccharine  substance to a me-
dicine, whose  taste  it is desirable  to  modify
agreeably.
  EDULE, Comestible.
  EDULIS, Comestible.
  EF'FERENT,iyye)-ew,, Centrifugal, Exod'ic,
from effero, (e, and ferro,) 'I carry,'' 'transport'
Conveying  outwards, as  from the centre to tho
periphery.
   Vasa efferen'tia  are those lymphatics, which
issue from the lymphatic glands to con\ ey their 
EFFERVESCENCE
314
EISTHANTnEMA
 lymph to the thoracic duct; so called to distin-
 guish them from those which pass to those glands,
 and which  have been  termed vasa  afferen'tia.
 Also, nerves are so called that convey the  ner-
 vous influence from the nervous centres to the
 circumference.  See Afferent.
   At the upper  extremity  of  the  mediastinum
 testis, the ducts  of the rete testis  terminate in
 from 9 to 30 small  ducts, called vasa efferentia,
 which form the Coni vosculo'si.
   EFFERVES'CENCE,  Effervescen'tia, Zesis,
 Ec'zesis, from effervescere, (e, sand ferveacere,) 'to
 grow hot'  That agitation, which is produced by
 the escape of gas through a liquid, independently
 of the heat  of the mixture;  such, for instance, as
 results from the  mixture of acetic acid and car-
 bonate of potassa.
   In Pathology it has a similar signification.  It
 expresses, in the language  of the humourists, a
 sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living body,
 produced either  by elevation of temperature or
 by the reaction on  each other  of the principles
 contained in the fluids in circulation.
   EFFETUS, Impoverished.
   EFFICA'CIOUS, Ef'fieax,  fsom  effcere,  (e,
 and facere,)  'to accomplish.'  That which pro-
 duces a great effect,—as ' an effieacioua remedy.'
   Jiediclno efflcetx,  La Medecine  efficace, is a
 term sometimes applied to surgery.
   EFFILA, Ephelides.
   EFFLATIO, Eephysesis.
   EFFLATUS,  Eephysesis.
   EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem.
   EFFLORES'CENCE, Efflora'tio, Ejfloreaeen'-
 tio, from effloresce re, (e, and florescere,) 'to  blow
 as a flower.' Stribillgo, Ecthy'ma.   The conver-
 sion of a solid substance into a pulverulent state
 by  exposure to the air. In salts this is generally
 owing to the loss of a part of their  water of cry-
 stallization.
   In Pathology, efflorescence has the same mean-
 ing as exanthema; and, in the nosology of Sau-
 vages, the name is  given to that order of diseases.
 Sometimes, it is confined to the cutaneous  blush,
 the exanthe''sis of Good.
   EFFLORESCENCE ER YSIPELATEUSE,
 Roseolas.
   EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem.
   EFFLORESCENTLE, Elevuree.
   EFFLUVIUM,  Emanation — e. Latrinarium,
 Mitte—e. Palustre, Miasm,  Marsh.
   EFFLUXION, Abortion.
   EFFORT, (e,  and fortis, 'strong.)   Nisus, Co-
 na'tus, Veira. A muscular contraction of greater
 or less strength, the object of which is, either to
 resist an external  force, or to accomplish a  func-
 tion,  which has become naturally laborious:—
 such are, tlie act of pushing away,  or of drawing
 a body toward us,  and the more or  less painful
. efforts used by the  mother to cause the expulsion
 of the foetus.  In France, the word effort is  often
 used  synonymously with hernia;  and signifies,
 likewise, the painful twitches of muscles,  occa-
 sioned by  over-exertion, or by the rupture of
 some of their fleshy fibres.  Sauvages calls Efforts
 des reins, Lumba'go d nisu, the pain in the loins
 occasioned by bearing too heavy a burden.
    EFFORT, Hernia—e. dea Reina, see Effort
    EFFOSSIO, Exhumation.
    EFFRACTURA, Ecpiesma.
    Effractu'ra Cranii, Enthla'aia Cra'nii,  Frac-
 ture of the  Cranium, with depression.—Pard.
    EFFRENITATIO, Hypercatharsis.
    EFFUSIO, Effusion—e. Seminis Ejaculation.
    EFFV'SIOS ,Effu'aio,Ec'chyaia,from effundere,
 (e, and fundere,)  'to pour out'  (F.) Epanche-
 nient, (Infiltration is the term generally employed
for  effusion into the  areolar membrane.)  The
pouring out of blood or of any other fluid into
the areolar membrane, or into the cavities of the
body.  The  effuaion of serum  or  of  cougulable
lymph, for instance, is a common result of inflam-
mation of serous membranes.
  EG ARE, Wild.
  EGAREMENT  D'ESPRIT,  Delirium, In-
sanity.
  EGER, MINERAL WATERS OF  THE.   In
the valley of  the Eger, at the western extremity
of Bohemia, there  are several acidulous springs.
One of the most frequented of these is Franzens-
bad.
  EGE'RIA.  In  ancient mythology,  a nymph
to whom pregnant females offered sacrifices  ut
conceptua alvua facilius egeretur.  By some, sup-
posed to have been identical with Lucina.
  EGESTA, see Excretion.
  EGESTAS, Want
  EGEST10, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion.
  EGG-BRANDY, see Ovum.
  EGG PLANT, Solanum melongena—e. White
of,  Albumen ovi.
  EG LAN TIER DE CH1EN, Rosa  canina—e.
Sauvage, Rosa canina.
  EGOBRONCHOPHONY, see Egophony.
  EGOPHONE, Egophony.
  EGOPH'ONIC,   uEgo^io'niciia,  (F.) Egopho-
nique.   Same etymon as the next.  Having the
character of,  or relating to, egophony.
  EGOPHONIQIE, Egophonic
  EGOPH'ONY, -cEgopho'nia, from a<f, 'a goat,'
and tpwvn, 'voice.'  Caprilo'quium,  Trognpho'nia,
Goat'8 Voice, Bleating Voice,  (F.) Voix cht'vro-
tante,  V. egophonique, V. de Polichine/le,  V. ae-
nile, Pectoriloquie chevrotante.  Laennec has de-
signated by this name, the kind of resonance of the
voice heard through the stethoscope, when we ex-
amine  the chest of one labouring under moderate
effusion into one of the pleurae. The voice, which
strikes  the ear  through the  cylinder,  is more
sharp and harsh than usual, and tremulous and
broken, like that of the goat.   The patient him-
self is called Egophone.  Bouillaud affirms that
the 'bronchial and bleating voice,' (egobroncho^
phonie) is the principal symptom of pleuropneu-
monia.   Egophony exists, however, in  cases  of
hepatization where there is no pleural disease.
  EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia, Vigtli'a, Vigilan'tia,
 Vigila'tio, Vigilinm, from eypeyopew,  ' I watch.'
Watchfulness.  A  morbid want of sleep.—Galen.
  EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus.
  EIDOS, eilos, 'form, resemblance.'   The ei is
often changed  into w, at the termination of a
word.  Thus, Hamatoi'dea or Hamato'dea.
  EILAMIDES, Meninges.
  EILE'MA, from eiXeos, Ileus, (etXew,  'I roll,')
'a  convolution.'  Vogel has given this  name to
a fixed pain, occupying some portion of the  in-
testinal canal, which  the patient compares to the
sensation that would be produced.by a nail driven
into the part.
   EILEON,  Ileon.
   EILEUS,  Ileus.
   EILOID,  (Tumour,) Eilo'i'dea,  from eiXcw,  'I
roll,' and eilos, 'resemblance.'  A morbid growth
of  the cutis, coiled or folded.
   EILSEN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Eilsen
is  about six  German miles from Hanover, at  the
foot of the Harrelberg.  It has eleven springs,
of  which seven are sulphureous and  four chaly-
beate.
   EISANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma inter'num, En-
 tanthe'ma, from nj, 'within,'  and avdnpa, 'efflo-
 rescence.'  An eruption on a mucous membrane;
 —aphthae, for example. 
EISBOLE                 315               ELECTRICITY
   EISBOLE, Attack, Injection.
   EISPNOE, Inspiration.
   EJACULATIO,  Ejaculation —e. Seminis Im-
 pedita, Bradyspermatismus.
   E.IACULA'TION, Ejacula'tio, from e, and./a-
 culave,—itself from facere, 'to throw.'  Gonobol'ia.,
 Gonobolis'mus, Ejaculatio seu Profit'sio seu Effu'-
 m'o Sem'inia, E.i patra'tio, Patra'tio, Spermob'ole.
 The emission of sperm.   The act, by which that
 fluid is darted out through the urethra.
   EJACULATOR.  Same etymon.  That which
 effects the emission of sperm.  See Transversus
 perinaM.
   E.iaculator Skminis. Accelerator urinas.
   EJACULATORY, Ejacula'toriua, Ejac'ulana:
 same  etymon.  Concerned  in the ejaculation of
 sperm.
   E.iAcri.ATORY Ducts or Canals, (F.) Conduita
 ou Canaux fjaculateura, are formed by the union
 of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the vesi-
 ctilic seminales. They open at the lateral and ante-
 rior parts of the verumontanum, and convey into
 the urethra  the  sperm which is discharged from
 the vesiculas, as well as that which comes directly
 from  the testicle by the vas deferens.  Between
 them  there is often a depression, sometimes of a
 lanre size, which  is termed Utric'ulus,  Veai'ca seu
 veaic'u/a prostalim seu Sinua pocula'ria, which
 has been regarded as the analogue to the uterus
 in the female, and thence called U'terus mascu-
 11 mis.
   E.IECTIO. Excretion—e. Foeciim, Defecation.
   EJECTION, Ejec'tio, from cjieere, (e, and ja-
 cere,)  'to throw out or eject' The excretion of
 the fasces, urine,  sputa, Ae.
   EL  NISPERO, Sapota.
   ELABORATION, Elabora'tio,  from e,  and
 labovace, ' to work.'   This word  is used, by phy-
 siologists, to  signify the various changes which
 substances susceptible of assimilation undergo,
through  the  action of living organs, before they
 are capable of serving for nutrition.  The food is
 said to be elaborated in the stomach during the
 formation of  chyme :  the chyme is elaborated  in
 the small intestine before it is chyle, Ac.
 >  EL/EA, Olea Europasa.
   EL.EAGNUS, Myrica gale—e. Cordo, Myrica
 gale.
   EL.EOCARPUS COPALIFERA, Copal.
   EL.EOM'ELI, from  eXaiov,  'oil,' and peXt,
 'honey.'    Dioscorides means, by  this,  an  oil
 thicker than  honey, and of a sweet taste, which
 flows  from the trunk of a tree in Syria.  It is
 acrid  and purgative;  and sometimes  occasions
 serious symptoms, according  to that author.—
 Gorrasus.
   EL.EOM'ETER, from  eXaiov, 'oil.' and perpov,
 'measure.' A very delicate glass hydrometer, for
 testing the purity of olive or almond  oil, by de-
 termining their densities.   The 0 or zero of the
 scale is the point at which the instrument floats
 in the  oil  of  poppy seeds.  In pure  olive oil, it
 floats  at 50°, and the space between these points
 is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered ac-
 cordingly.  It floats at 38° or 38i° in pure oil of
 almonds.
  EL.EON, Oil.
  EL.EOPTI'ANES. from eXaiov, 'oil,' and patvo-
pat, 'I appear.'  That which has the appearance
of oil; as Uri'na elaopllanea.
  EL.EO-SACCIIARUM. from eXaiov, 'oil,' and
aaxyno. 'sugar.'   O'leo-Sac'charuin,  Balsamo-
 Sar'i harum.   A medicine, composed of essential
oil and sugar.  It was made by pouring upon an
ounce  of sugar, reduced to an impalpable pow-
der, ^ss or 3J °f an  essential oil;  the mixture
being  triturated  until the two  substances were
perfectly united.—Rolfink.
   ELAIN, see Pinguedo.
   ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea—
e. Occidcntalis, see Cocos butyracea.
   ELAN, Cervus alces.
   ELANOEMENT, see Lancinating.
   ELAPHOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa.
   ELAPHRIUM ELEMIFERUM, see  Amyria
elemifera—e. Tomentosum, Fagara octandra.
   ELAPSUS, Luxation.
   ELAS'MA, from eXaww, 'I drive up.'  A clyster
pipe.—Linden.
   ELASTES, Elasticity.
   ELASTICITY, Elaatic"itaa,  El ater, Elas'tea,
El'otea, Vis elas'tica, Tone,  Tonic"ity,  (F.) Con-
tractilite de  Tissu,  Contractilite  par defaut d'ex-
tension, from eXaww, 'I impel.'  The property by
which certain bodies return  to  their proper size
and shape, where these  have been modified by
pressure or otherwise.   It is possessed by the
dead as well  as by the living solid.
   ELATE, Pinus picea—e. Theleia, Pinus rubra.
   ELATER, Elasticity.
   ELATERINE, see Momordica elaterium.
   ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii, Momordica
elaterium—e. Cordifoliuin, Momordica elaterium.
   ELATES,  Elasticity.
   ELATIN,  see Momordica elaterium.
   ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine—e. Cymbala-
ria, Antirhinum linaria—e. Hastata, Antirhinum
elatine.
   ELBOW, Sax,  elbo^a, from ell, and  bow; the
bend of the ulna. Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pechys, Ulna,
Umbo,  (F.)  Coude.  This  word,  abstractedly,
means the angle formed by  the  union  of  two
straight bodies.   It is particularly applied to the
articulation of the arm with the forearm,  and
especially to the projection formed by the  ole-
cranon process at the posterior part of the joint.
   Elbow, Miners', see Miners' Elbow.
   ELCOMA, Ulcer.
   ELCO'SIS, Helco'sis, Elco'ma, Helco'mo, from
'eXxos,  'an ulcer.'  Ulceration in general.  An
ulcer.  A deep ulceration of the cornea, in eon-
sequence of a blow or of violent inflammation.—
Galen, Pares.
   Sauyages applies the  term to a state of the
body, in which there are numerous ulcerations of
an obstinate  character, complicated with caries,
putrescency, low fever, Ac.
  ELCUSTER, Embryulcus.
  ELDER, Sambucus— e. Common,  Sambucus
Canadensis—e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida, Sambucus
ebulus—e. Prickly, Aralia spinosa.
  ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium.
  ELECTRICITAS,  Electricity — e.  Animalis,
Galvanism—e. Galvanica, Galvanism—e. Metal-
lica, Galvanism.
  ELECTRICITY, Electric"Has, from nXixrpov,
' amber,'—the substance in which it was first no-
ticed.  Electricity is used medicinally as  an  ex-
citant.  It has been occasionally employed with
success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf-
ness, amaurosis, amenorrhoea, Ac, but it is  un-
certain, and not much used; and  the cases are not
always  clear in  which  it could  be of service.
It may be communicated by means of the electric
bath — Bain  cleetrique, as it  has been  called;
which  consists in placing the patient upon an
isolated stool, and connecting him with the prime
conductor, of which he thus becomes a part. Tho
fluid may be communicated by points, sparks, or
by shocks, according to the required intensity.
  Electricity, Chemical, Galvanism — e. Con-
tact, Galvanism —e. Magnetic,  Electro-Magne-
tism—e. Voltaic, Galvanism. 
ELECTRIFY
316
ELEVATE UR
  ELECTRIFY,  from efecrric, and flo, 'I
make.'  (F.) Ela-triser.   To produce the electri-
cal  condition in a body, or to render it  suscep-
tible of producing electrical  phenomena.  It  is
often used  to signify the act of communicating
the electric fluid to man.
  ELECTRISER, to electrify.
  ELECTRO'DES, from nXexrpov,  'amber,' and
tilos, 'resemblance.'  An epithet for evacuations,
which shine like amber.—Hippocrates.—Foesius.
  ELECTRO-MAG'NETISM, Magnet'ic elec-
tric"ity. An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa-
sionally used in  cases of paralysis.  A convenient
form consists of a battery of  six curved perma-
nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around
whose   cylinders 1500  yards of fine  insulated
copper  wire are coiled.  The ends of the wire
communicate respectively, with a pair of directors,
each of which holds a piece of sponge, dipped  in
vinegar or a solution of  common salt   When
the armature  is rotated, and  a portion of the
body is interposed between the directors, a suc-
cession  of shocks is received.
  ELECTROPUNCTURE^ZecrrojoKncritra'rjon,
Electrostix'is, Galvanopuncture.  The  operation
of inserting two or more wires,  and then connec-
ting them to the poles of the  galvanic apparatus.
  ELECTROSTIXIS, Electropuncture.
  ELECTRUM, Succinum.
  ELECTUAIRE DENTIFRICE, Dentifrice.
  ELECTUA'RIUM, Electa'rium; an Electuary,
from eligere, 'to make choice.'   (F.) Electuaire.
A pharmaceutical composition  of a soft  consist-
ence, somewhat  thicker  than  honey, and formed
of powders, pulps,  extracts,  syrup, honey, Ac.
In the  London  and American  Pharmacopoeias,
electuaries are called Confections.
  Electuarium de Aloe, Opiatum mesentericum
—e. Aperiens, Confectio sennas—e. Aromaticum,
Confectio aromatica—e.  Cassias, Confectio cassias
—e. Cassias fistulas, Confectio cassias — e. Cassias
sennas, Confectio sennas—e. Cassias  tamarindatum
seu lenitivum, Confectio cassias — e. Catholicum
communas, Confectio sennas—e. Cinchonas, Opia-
tum febrifugum—e. de Croco emendatum, Confec-
tio hyacinthi—e. Diaprunum, Confectio sennas—
e. Eccoproticum, Confectio sennas — e. de Kina,
kina,  Opiatum febrifugum — e. Laxativum, Con-
fectio cassias — e. Lenitivum,  Confectio sennas  —
e. Opiatum, Confectio opii—e. Scammonii, Con-
fectio Scammonias — e.  6  Scammonio, Confectio
scammonioe — e. Sennas,  Confectio  sennas—e.
Sennas  compositum, Confectio  sennas—e. Sennas
cum pulpis, Confectio sennas—e. Thebaicum, Con-
fectio opii.
  ELEENCEPHALE,  from  eXaiov, 'oil,' and
tyxetpaXov, ' encephalon.' A fatty matter found by
Couerbe in the encephalic neurine.
  ELELISPHACOS, Salvia.
  EL'EMENT,  Elemen'tum,  from ancient eleo
for oleo, 'to grow,'  (?) Princip'ium, P. Primifl-
vum, Stochelon.  A simple, ultimate constituent
or principle in the human body, which forms the
basis  of a  fibre or tissue.   Also, a constituent  of
a compound organ.  The inorganic elements are
simple  principles.  An organic element, proxi-
mate principle or compound  of organization, re-
sults  from the  union of  certain  inorganic ele-
ments.  Oxygen, hydrogen,  carbon, and  azote,
are inorganic elements; fibrin, albumen,  osma-
zome, Ac, organic elements.
   Elements, Organic,  Principles, immediate
e. Sarcous, see Sarcous.
  ELEMENTARY CELL, see Cell.
   ELEMENTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen.
   ELEMI, Amyris elemifera.
   ELENIUM, Inula helenium.
  ELEOSELTNUM, Apium pctroselinum.
  ELEPHANTI'ASIS,  Elephautla,  Elephan
tias'mus, Elephaa,  Laz'ori morbua  vel  malum,
Phanic"eua morbua, Phymato'aia, Elephantiasis,
from eXetpas, 'an  elephant'  Various  affections
have been described under  this  name, by adding
an epithet.  It is ordinarily and gencrieally ap-
plied to a condition, in which the  skin is thick,
livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible to feeling.
  Elephantiasis of the  Antilles, Barba'doea
Leg, Glandular disease of Btirbadoea, (F.) Jumbea
de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers,
Bucne'mia.  It is characterized by the leg being
enormously tumid and  misshapen ;  skin thick-
ened,  livid, and rugose, often  scaly; scrotum,
arms, or other parts  sometimes participating in
the affection.   The Bucne'mia  Trop'ica, Cochin
teg, is an affection of this kind.
  Elephanti'asis ArAb'ica, Maladie glondu-
laire,  Ladrerie, Tyri'aaia,  Elephaa, Eltphanti'-
osis, E. In'dica,  Elephanti'a  Ar'abum,  Lepra
Arabum, (of some.)  In this the tubercles are
chiefly on the  face and joints.  There is loss of
hair, except on the scalp; voice, hoarse and nasal;
and the disease is said  to be contagious and he-
reditary.   It  most frequently attacks the feet;
and gives  the lower extremity a fancied resem-
blance  to  the leg  of an  elephant, whence  its
name.   The seat of the disease  seems to be in
the lymphatic vessels and glands, and in the sub-
cutaneous  areolar tissue :  the inflammatory con-
dition  of which  is  accompanied  with  general
morbid symptoms.   Medicine  has  little or  no
effect on this loathsome complaint.   See Lepra.
  Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne,  Mal  rouge  de
Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra,  charac-
terized  by red  and  yellow  spots, occupying the
forehead,  ears, hands,  loins, Ac, afterwards ex-
tending and becoming scaly, with deformity of
the parts where they are seated, particularly of
the face ; and ultimately producing cracks, ulcers,
caries, and sometimes death.
  Elephantiasis  of the  Greeks, E. Grace'-
rum, is probably the same disease as Lepra.
  Elephantiasis  of India is  characterized by
red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly prominent,
to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in the
areolar texture. At a more advanced period tho
phalanges swell, and become ulcerated; the bones
of the  nose carious, the lips thickened, and ema-
ciation gradually carries off the patient.  It like-
wise belongs to lepra.
  Elephantiasis Italica, Pellagra.
  Elephantiasis  of Java is likewise a variety
of lepra, characterized  by large  white  tumours
on the toes and fingers, resembling scrofulous tu-
mefactions.   These tumours ulcerate,  and the
ulcerations spread from the extremities towards
the trunk,  destroying even the bones.  Amputa-
tion can alone  arrest its progress.   The disease
is often accompanied  by  alopecia, and  by  an
eruption of red spots.
  ELEPHANTI'NUM EMPLAS'TRUM, Y.Xe-
tpavnvov.   An  ancient plaster, composed of 30
parts of ceruss, 45 of wax, oil  Ibss, water Ibj.—■
Castelli.  Oribasius and Celsus both mention a
plaster of  this name, but  they  are  by no means
similar in composition.
  ELEPHANTOMMA, Buphthalmia.
  ELEPHAN'TOPUS, (F.) Elephantope; from
eXetpas, 'elephant,' and irovs, 'foot'   One affected
with elephantiasis.
  ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory.
  ELETTARIA  CARDAMOMUM, Amomum
cardamomum.
  ELEUTERIA, Croton cascarilla.
  ELEVATEUR, Elevator—e". Commun de Vaih 
ELEVATOR               317                  ELIXIR
du nez et de la llvre superienre. Levator labii su-
perioris alaeque nasi—e. deKEil, Rectus superior
oculi—e. de la 1'aupiere superieure, Levator pal-
pebral  superioris.
  ELEVA'TOR, from elevare, (e, and  levare,)
'to lift up.'  (F.) Elevateur.   A muscle, whose
function it is to raise the part into which it is in-
serted.   See Levator.
  Ei.i:vator, Eli vato'rium,  Vectia  elevato'riua.
A name given to different surgical  instruments
employed  for raising portions of bone which
have  been depressed, for raising and detaching
the portion of bone  separated  by the crown of
the trepan, and for removing stumps of teeth.
  Elevator Ani, Levator ani—e. Labii inferio-
ris, Levator labii inferioris — e. Labii superioris
proprius, Levator labii superioris proprius — e.
Labiorum  communis,  Levator anguli  oris — e.
Oculi,  Rectus superior oculi—e. Patientias, Leva-
tor scapuhe — e.  Scapulas, Levator scapulas — e.
Testiculi, Cremaster—e. Urethras, see Transver-
sa perinasi.
  Elevator, Common.  This is a mere lever, the
end of which is  somewhat bent and made rough,
in order that it  may less  readily slip away from
the portion of bone which is to be raised.  The
instrument  is used, by forming a fulcrum for it,
either  on the hand which holds  it,  or upon  the
fingers of the other hand ; or by making a fixed
point for it on the edge of the opening made with
the trephine.
  Elevator of Louis differed  from the last only
in the  circumstance of the screw-peg being united
to the  bridge by a kind of pivot instead of hinge,
so that greater extent of motion was permitted.
   Elevator of Petit consists of a lever mounted
on a handle, and straight throughout its  whole
length, except at its very end,  which is  slightly
curved, in order that  it  may be  more  conveni-
ently put under  the portion of  bone intended to
be elevated.  The lever is pierced at various dis-
tances from  its  but-end with  several  holes, in-
tended for the reception of a movable screw-peg,
fixed on the top of a kind of bridge.  This part
of  the  instrument consists of an  arch, the ends
of which are long, and covered with small pads,
and on its  centre is the screw-peg already men-
tioned.  By means of these holes the arm of the
lever can be lengthened at pleasure.
   Elevator, Trip'loid,  Vectia triploVdes. This
was so called from its consisting of three branches,
uniting above in one common trunk.  The latter
part was traversed by a long screw, having below
a kind of hook,  and  above a handle for turning
it.  By turning  the  screw, the hook was drawn
up, and the bone thus elevated.
   The  simple lever is the only  one now used,
owing to the want of facility and  advantages in
the use of the others.
   ELEVE EXTERNE,  see House-surgeon—£.
Interne, House-surgeon.
   ELEV(IRES (F.), Efflorescentia. A generic
name,  including  all  the exanthemata, in which
there  is tumefaction of the tissue of the skin.
See Exanthem.
   ELIASTER. Uech.
   ELICHRYSUM. Solidago virgaurea—e. Mon-
tanum, Antennaria dioica.
   ELICOIDES,  Capreolaris.
   ELKJM-V. Eclectos.
   ELIQC VTIO, Colliquation.
   ELIXA'TIO,   Epse'sia,  from clixus, 'boiled,'
'sodden.'   This  word  has been  used  synony-
mously with Decoction.   The act of boiling.
   ELIN'TTt, lair, Ixir,  Quellcs,  Alex'ir.  The
etymology of this word  is not clear.   Lemery
derivos it from eXxw, 'I extract;'  and also from
aAcfcn, 'I aid.'   Others believe it to be from Ara-
bic, al-ecsir, or al-ekair, ' chymistry.'   An elixir
is  a medicine  composed of  various substances
held in solution in alcohol.   The name has been
used, however, for preparations, which contain
no spirit of wine.
  Elixir  Ac"idum  Halleri  seu  Dippel'ii,
Elixir Antipodog'ricum, E. Antinephret'icum, E.
Suljihu'rico-ac"idum, Gutta ac"ida ton'ica, Aqua
Rabe'lii, Liquor ac"idus Halleri,  Mist lira  sul-
phu'rico-ac"ida,   JEther sulphu'ricus  ac"idus,
Ac"idum aulphu'ricum alcoolisa'tum, A. vitriol-
icum vino'aum, Alcohol Sulphurica'tum, A. Sul-
phu'ricum, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric
acid and alcohol;—in the Eau de  Rabel, of one
part of  the  former to three of the latter.   It is
employed as an astringent in hemorrhages, Ac.
  Elixir Aloes,  Tinctura aloes composita—e.
Anthelminticum Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com-
posita.
  Elixir,  Anti-Asthmat'ic, of  Boerhaave.
This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed, cam-
phor, orris, asarabocca root, calamus aromaticus,
liquorice, and elecampane.  It is given in asthma,
in the dose of  20 or 30 drops.
  Elixir Antihypochondriacum, Tinctura cin-
chonas amara — e.  Antinephreticum, E. acidum
Halleri—e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita.
  Elixir, Antiscrof'ulous of Peyrilhe ; com-
posed of weak alcohol,  subcarbonate of potassa,
and gentian root.   It  is administered in scrofula.
  Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura Aloes com-
posita.
  Elixir,  Carminative,  of  Sylvius,  Tinctura
carminativa Sylvii — e. Daffy's, Tinctura sennas
comp. — e. Danorum, E. pectorale regis Danias—
e. Fcetidum, Tinctura castorei composita — e. of
Garus, Tinctura de croco composita—e. Guaiaci
volatilis, Tinctura Guaiaci ammoniata — e. Jala-
pas compositum,  Tinctura jalapii composita — e.
of Long Life,  Tinctura aloes composita — e. de
Longue  vie,  Tinctura aloes composita—e. d'Or de
M.  le General  de la Motte, Tinctura seu Alcohol
sulfurico - asthereus — e. Paregoric, Edinburgh,
Tinctura opii ammoniata—e. Paregoricum, Tinc-
tura camphoras composita — e. Pectorale  dulce,
E. pectorale regis Danias.
  Elixir Pectora'le Regis Da'nijE, Elix'irDa-
no'rum, E. Ringelman'ni, E. ex succo Glycyrrhlza,
E. pectora'le dulce, E. e" succo liquiril'ia:  (Suce.
glycyrrhiz. p.  1;  Aq.  Fcenicul. p. 2. Alcohol am-
moniat. p. 6. A formula in many of the Pharma^
copceias of continental Europe.)  With the addi-
tion of opium it  constitutes the Elixir ammoni-
ato-opia'tum, Extractum theba'icum ammoniaca'le
of some Pharmacopoeias.
  Elixir Proprietatis, Tinctura aloes compo-
sita— e. Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composita—e.
Radcliffe's, see Tinctura aloes composita—e. Rhej
dulce, Vinum  rhej  palmati — e. Ringelmanni, E.
pectorale  regis  Danias—e.  Roborans AVhyttii,
Tinctura cinchonas amara — e. Sacrum, Tinctura
rhej et aloes — e.  Salutis, Tinctura sennas  comp.
— e. Squire's,  see Tinctura  camphoras composita
— e. Stomachicum, Tinctura gentianas composita
— e. Stomachicus spirituosus, Tinctura cinchonas
amara — e.  Stoughton's, see  Tinctura  gentianas
composita—e. ex  Succo glycyrrhizas, E. pectorale
regis Danias—e. ex Succo liquiritias, E. pectorale
regis Danorum—e. Sulphurico-aeidum, E. acidum
Halleri  — e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benzoini
composita.
  Elixir Vit.e of Mathi'olus;  composed of
alcohol  and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub-
stances.  It was formerly employed in epilepsy.
  Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute—e.
Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum acidum  aromaticum — e,
Vitrioli acido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum 
ELIXIRIUM
318
EMBAMMA
 aromaticum — e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus astheris
 aromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum —
 e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum acidum
 aromaticum—e. Vitrioli Mynsichti, Sulphuricum
 acidum aromaticum—e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus
 astheris aromaticus—e. Vitrioli cum tinctura aro-
 matica, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e. of
 Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus astheris aromaticus—e.
 Whyttii,  Tinctura cinchonas amara.
   ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS
 CHAUSSIER, Tinctura cinchonas aetherea com-
 posita.
   ELIXIS, Eclectos.
   ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation.
   ELK, Cervus alces—e. Bark, Magnolia macro-
 phylla— e. Tree, Andromeda arborea—e. Wood,
 Andromeda arborea, Magnolia macrophylla.
   ELLEBORASTER, Helleborus fostidus.
   ELLEBORE, Dracontium fostidum.
   ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus.
   ELLEBORIIM ALBUM, Veratrum album.
   ELLEBORUS ALBUS4 Veratrum—e. Niger,
 Helleborus niger.
   ELLIPTIC, Oval.
   ELLYCHNIO'TOS, from sXXt^viov,  'the wick
 of a lamp.'  A sort of  tent, used by the ancient
 surgeons, so called because it was shaped like a
 wick, or because it was made of a similar material.
 _ ELM, COMMON, Ulmus—e. Red, Ulmus Ame-
 ricana— e. Rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana—e.
 Slippery,  Ulmus Americana.
   ELMINTIIOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
   ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) Mu-
 recageux.  Febris elo'des seu helo'des  seu  palu-
 do'aa, Helop'yra, Helopyr' etos,  from  'eXos,  ' a
 marsh,' and eilos, 'resemblance.'  Marsh  fever.
 (F.) Fievre intermittente paludeenne, Fievre palu-
 deenne.  Also, a kind of fever, characterized  by
 great moisture or sweating.
   ELOME, Orpiment.
   ELONGA'TION,  Parathro'ma, Elonga'tio,
 from elongare, (e, and longus,) 'to lengthen,' 'ex-
 tend.'  An incomplete luxation, in which the
 ligaments of an articulation are stretched and
 the limb lengthened, without total luxation. The
 word has also been used for the extension required
 in the reduction of  fractures and luxations, and
 for the increased  length  of limb, (F.) Allonge-
 ment, in diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint.
   ELUTRIATIO, Decantation, Elutriation.
   ELUTRIA'TION, Elutria'tio;  originally from
 eluo,  (e,  and  luo, 'I wash,')  'I wash away,  I
 rinse.'  In  pharmacy  a process by which the
 finer particles of a powder are separated from the
 coarser.  It consists in diffusing the powder in
 water, allowing the larger and  heavier particles
 to subside,  and decanting the  liquor,  that the
 finer particles may subside.
   ELU'VIES, same etymon. An inordinate dis-
 charge of  any fluid, and also the fluid itself. In
 the works of some authors it is particularly ap-
 plied to the mucus which flows from the vagina
 in cases of leueorrhcea.
   ELUXATION, Luxation.
   ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia.
   ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum vaginas.
   ELYTRITIS, Colposis, Leueorrhcea.
   ELYTROBLENNORRHCEA,Leucorrhosa(va-
 ginal).
   EL'YTROCE'LE,  from eXvrpov, 'a vagina or
 sheath,' and xnXn, ' a tumour.'   Vogel has given
 this name  to vaginal hernia, Colpoce'le.
   ELYTRODES  (tunica),  Vaginal coat of the
testicle.
   ELYTRffiDE'MA,  Coleoede'ma, Colpcede'ma,
from  eXvrpov, 'a vagina or  sheath,' and oilnpa,
 ' oedema.'   OMema of the vagina.
   ELYTROITIS, Colposis.
   EL'YTRON, from eXvw, 'I involve.'  A sheath.
 The vagina.   The  membranes which envelope
 the spinal marrow are called elytra.
   ELYTRON'CUS,  Ely trophy'ma, from eXvrpov,
 'a vagina or  sheath,' and oyxos, 'a tumour.'  A
 swelling of the vagina.
   ELYTROPAP'PUS  RHINOCERO'TIS.   A
 South African bush, Nat. Ord. Composite,  tho
 whole of which is bitter and resinous.  The tops
 of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, make
 excellent  bitters.  The tops are  also  given  in
 powder  to children affected with diarrhoea.
   ELYTROPHYMA, Elytroncus.
   ELYTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginas.
   ELYTRORRHAGIA. Colporrhagia,
   ELYTROR'RHAPHY, Elytrorrhaph'ia ; d,l-
 por'rhaphy, Kolpor'rhaphy; from eXvrpov, ' the
 vagina,'And patpn, 'a suture.'  The operation of
 closing the vagina by suture  in cases of prociden-
 tia uteri.
   EM and EN, cv, 'in, into,  within.'   Also 'ex-
 cess ;'—frequently used in this last sense by Dr.
 Good.  A common prefix, generally answering to
 the prefixes im and in, in  English.   In composi-
 tion, before /?, ir, tp,  \1,  and p, the  v is changed
 into p;  before y, x,  £,  and  x> into y; before A,
 into X, and before p generally into p.
   EMACIATE,  Maces'cere,  Tabes'cere, (F.)
 Amaigrir.  To lose flesh, to become lean, to
 waste away.
   EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio, from  emaciarr,
 (e, and maceo, 'to be lean,) 'to grow lean.'  E.c-
 tenua'tio, Ma'cies, Macritu'do, Macror, Mareo'-
 res,  Skeleti'a, Leptysm''us,  Leptyn'sis, Pingued'-
 inia diminu'tio, (F.)  Amaigriaaement, Maigreur.
 That condition of the body, or of a part of the
 body, in which it grows lean.  The state of one
 who is lean ;—Leanneaa ; Iach'notea.
   EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of  the teeth.
   EMAILLOTAGE (F.), from maillot, 'swath-
 ing or swaddling clothes.'  The ' wrapping up,' or
 'packing up' in dry or wet sheets, which is prac-
 tised in  hydropathic establishments  to induce
 sweating.
   EMANA'TION, Emana'tio,  Efflu'vium, from
 emanare, (e, and manare,) 'to issue  or flow from.'
 The term is applied to a body which proceeds or
 draws its origin from other bodies; such as the
 light which emanates  from the sun; the miasma
 which arise from the putrid decomposition of ani-
 mal or vegetable substances, Ac. See Miasm.
   EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and manere,
 'to stay.'  This term has been applied  to ame-
 norrhoea or obstruction of the menses before they
 have been established.  Some  have used  it for
 the retention which occurs even after they have
 been  established.  The former is the general ac-
 ceptation.
   EMARGINATIO,  Echancrure, Notch.
   EMARGINATURA, Echancrure, Notch.
   EMASCULA'TION, Emascula'tio, from einas-
 culare, (e,  and masculus,  ' a male,') ' to render
 impotent'   The act  of  removing or destroying
 the generative organs of a male animal.
   EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
   EMBALMTNG, from em,  en, ' in,' and balsa-
 mum, 'balsam.'   Balsama'tio, Smyrnis'mos, C'e-
 deia, Pollinctu'ra, Necrocedla, Conditu'ra Cu-
 dav'erum, (F.) Embaument, Imbalsaniation.  An
 operation which  consists  in  impregnating the
 dead body with substances capable of preventing
 it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in a
 condition to be preserved.
   EMBAM'MA, Apobam'ma, Bamma,  from tp.
(iairrw,' I immerse.' A medicated pickle or sauce.
—Gorrasus. 
EMBARRAS
319
EMETINE
  EMBARRAS, Emphraxis.
  EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE (F.), Gaati ic dis-
order or  impediment,  Collu'viea gaa'trico, Sordea
prima'rum via'rum, Status gaa'tricua.  Disorder
of the stomach, in which there is loss of appetite,
with bitterness and clamminess of mouth, white
and yellow tongue, feeling of oppression  in the*
epigastrium,  and sometimes pain in that region,
nausea  and bilious or bitter vomiting; this  state
being accompanied with headaeh, lassitude, and
pain in the back and  limbs.
   EMBA RRAS GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gos-
tro-iutesti'nol disorder.  Slight gastro-enteritis,
according to the Broussaists, in which the symp-
toms of the Emburroa gastrique and E. intestinal
are united.
   EMBARRAS INTESTINAL, Intea'tinal dis-
order.   The principal characters assigned to this
are :—tension of the abdomen, colic, borborygmi,
 discharge of flatus per anum, constipation or dkf-
 rhoca, Ac
   EMBARRURE, Engisoma.
   EMBAUMENT, Embalming.
   EMB 01T EM EXT (F.). ' Encasing,' from em,
 'in,' and boite, 'a  box.'   Enadelph'ia.  This
 term has been applied to the theory of generation
 which  considers that the germs  are encased in
 each other in the ovary of the female, in such
 sort that they are  developed  in succession after
 impregnation.  It is the  theory of  encasing of
 germs,  or of monstrosity by inclusion.
    EMBOl Tl'RE, Diarthrosis.
    EM'BOLE, from  ep/3aXXw,  'I put in place.'
 Reduction of a luxated bone.  Reposil'io.
    EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary.
    EMBOLUM CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the
 brain.
    EMBONPOINT,  (F.)  'In good point or
 plight.'  Bona cor'poris  habitu'do.  The  state
 of the animal body when in full health.  Exces-
 sive embonpoint constitutes corpulence and obe-
 sity, and may become a morbid condition.
    EMBONPOINT EXCESSIF, Polysarcia adi-
 posa.
    EMBORISMA, Aneurism.
    EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation.
    EMBROCA'TION,  Embroca'tio,  Embreg'ma,
 Em'broche, Implu'vium, from epfipexu, 'I sprinkle.'
 A fluid  application  to be rubbed on any part of
 the  body.  It is often used synonymously with
 liniment.   Originally it  was employed in  the
 sense of Fomentation.
    Embrocation, Guestonian, see Oleum Terebin-
 thina?  reetificatum.
    EMBROCIIE,  Embrocation.
    EMBRYEMA, Embrocation.
    EM'BRYO, Em'bryon, from ev, 'in,' and Ppvw,
  ' I grow.' Cye'ma.  The fecundated germ,  in the
  early stages of its development in  utero.   At  a
  certain period of its increase, the  name foetus is
  given  to it,  but at what period is not determined.
  Generally, the embryo state is considered  to ex-
  tend to the period of quickening.
    EMBRYOCTONY,  Foetus  trucida'tio,  from
  epfipvov, ' the embryo,' and xroyos, ' destruction.'
  The act of  destroying a foetus in utero, when in-
  surmountable  obstacles — as certain deformities
  of the pelvis—oppose delivery.
    EMBRYOG'RAPnY,  Embryogra'phia, from
  tp&pvov, ' the embryo,' and yp'itpn,  ' a description.'
  The part of anatomy which describes the embryo.
    EMBRYOL'OGY, Embryolog"ia, from cpfipvov,
  ' the embryo,' and  Xoyos, ' a description.  The
  doctrine of embryonic development.
    EMl'.RYON'IC, Embryon'icus,  (F.) Embryo-
  nique, Embryonnaire; same etymon as  embryo.
Relating or  appertaining  to  an embryo: — as
' embryonic life.'
  EMBRYONIQUE, Embryonic.
  EMBRYONNAIRE, Embryonic
  EMBRYOTHLAS'TA,  Embryothlas'tes, Em-
bryothlas'tum, (F.) Embryotome, from epfipvov,
' the embryo,' and SXaw,  ' I break.'  An instru-
ment for dividing the foetus piecemeal, in order
to effect delivery.  A crotchet  or  other instru-
ment, used, in certain cases of laborious parturi-
tion,  to break the bones  of  the foetus, for  the
purpose of extracting them with greater facility.
—Hippocrates, Galen.
  EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion.
  EMBRYOTOME, Embryothlasta
  EMBRYOT'OMY, Embryotom'ia, from tpPpvov,
 'an embryo,' and repveiv, 'to cut.'  A division of
 the foetus  into fragments, to extract it by piece-
 meal, when the narrowness of the pelvis or other
 faulty conformation opposes delivery.
   EMBRYOT'ROPHY,  Embryotroph'ia,  from
 epfipvov, ' the embryo,' and rpotpn, ' nourishment'
 Foetal nutrition; Cyot'rophy.
   EMBRYUL'CIA,  Emhryuaternl'cia, from tp-
 (ipvov,  'embryo, foetus,' and eXxw, 'I extract,' 'I
 draw.'   A surgical operation, by which the foetus
 is extracted  by means of appropriate instruments,
 when faulty conformation or  other circunstances
 prevent delivery by the natural efforts.
   EMBRYUL'CUS, Elcua'ter, same etymon. An
 iron  hook or crotchet, described by Fabricius ab
 Aquapcndente, which  was used to extract the
 foetus in some cases of laborious labour.
   EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia,
   EMENDANS, Corrigent.
   EMERAUDE, Smaragdus.
   EMESIA, Vomiturition.
   EMESIS, Vomiting.
   EMETATROPH'IA, from tpew, ' I vomit,' and
 arpotpta, ' want of nourishment' Atrophy induced
 by vomiting.
   EMETIA, Emetine.
   EMET'IC, Emet'icum,  Vomito'rium, Vom'itory,
  Vomit, Puke, from epew, ' I vomit'  A substance
 capable of producing vomiting.  (F.) Emetique.
 [This  term  is also restricted by the French  to
 tartarized antimony — the  emetic, as it were, par
 excellence.]   Vomit if.
    Tartarized  antimony,   emetine,   ipecacuanha,
 and  aulphate  of zinc,  are  the  chief emetics.
 They  are valuable agents in disease, and  may
 either act primarily on the stomach,  or aeconda-
 rily on other parts  of the system, — the  sym-
 pathy between the stomach  and other parts  of
 the  body being very extensive, and an impor-
 tant object of study.
    The following are the  usual emetics: — Anti-
 monii et  Potassae Tartras ; Cupri  Acetas ; Cupri
 Sulphas; Emetina; Gillenia; Hydrargyri  Sul-
 phas Flavus ; Ipecacuanha;  Lobelia ; S#nguina-
 ria ; Scilla; Sinapis, and Zinci Sulphas.
    Emetic Root,  Euphorbia corollata—e. Tartar,
 Antimonium  tartarizatum — e. Weed,  Lobelia
  inflata.
    EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology.
    EM'ETINE, Emetina, Emet'ia,  Vom'itine.  A
  vegetable alkali,  discovered by M. Pelletier in
  ipecacuanha,  and to which  it  owes  its  emetic
  power.  It  is obtained  from different  ipecacu-
  anhas, but  chiefly from paychot'ria  emet'ica,
  callicoc'ca ipecacuan'ha,  and viola emet'ica. *It
  is in transparent scales, of a reddish-brown colour,
  almost inodorous, of a bitter, slightly acrid taste ;
  is unchangeable in the air, soluble in water and
  alcohol, and insoluble in ether.  Three grains of
  impure emetia or one grain of pure are equal lo
  18 of  ipecacuanha.  See Ipecacuanha. 
EMETIQUE               320                EMPIIYMA
  EMETIQUE,  Antimonium  tartarizatum,
Emetic
  EMETO-CA'THARSIS, see Emeto-cathartic
  EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,  Em'eto-cathar'ticua,
from eperos,  'vomiting,' aud xa&apnxos, 'a purga-
tive.'   A remedy, which at the same time excites
vomiting and purging—Em'eto-cathar'sis.
  EMETOL'OGY, Emetolog"ia,  Emeticolog"ia,
from eperos,  ' vomiting,'  and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'
A treatise on vomiting, and on emetics.
  EM'INENCE, Eminen'tia, Protuberan'tia, Ex'-
oche, Exaiithe'mo.  A projection at  the  surface
of a healthy or diseased organ.
  EMINENCE PORTE ANTER1EURE, Lo-
bulus anonymus — e. Porte posterieure, Lobulus
Spigelii—e. Sus-pubienne, Mons veneris.
  EMINENCES BIGEMINEES, Quadrigemi-
na  corpora — e. Laterales, Corpora olivaria — e.
Pyramidales, Corpora  pyramidalia — e.  Vermi-
formcs du cervelet, Vermiformes processus.
  EMINENTIA, Protuberantia — e.  Annularis,
Pons varolii—e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli—e.
Tvmpani, Pyramid.
 "EMINENTIiE  BIGEMIN.E,  Quadrigemina
tubereula—e. Candicantes, Mammillary Tubercles
— e. Lenticulares, Corpora  striata — e. Magnas
cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum — e. Medi-
anas Internas, Corpora  pyramidalia—e. Olivares,
Corpora olivaria—e.Ovales Laterales, Corpora oli-
varia—e. Pyramidales, Corpora  pyramidalia—e.
Quadrigeminas, Quadrigemina tubereula — e. Te-
retes, Processus teretes.
  E MISS A IRE, Emunctory.
  EMISSA'RIA SANTORI'NI.  A name given
to some small veins, which communicate with the
sinuses of the  dura mater,  by apertures in the
cranium.   Such are the parietal,  posterior con-
dyloid, mastoid veins, Ac.
  EMISSIO,  Emission — e.  Seminis, Sperina-
tismus.
  EMIS'SION, Emis'sio, from emittere,  (e, and
mittere,) 'to send out,' 'drive out'  The act by
which any matter whatever is thrown from the
body.  Thus, we say Emission of urine, Emiaaion
of semen, Ae.
  EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting.
  EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmcnago'ga, Emmeni-
ago'ga, Ame'nia,  from eppnva, ' the menses,' and
ayw, ' I drive,'  or ' expel.' Men'agogues. A name
given to medicines believed to have the power  of
favouring  the  discharge of the menses.  There
is  probably no substance which  possesses  this
power directly.  According  to  different  condi-
tions of the system, the most  opposite reme-
dies may act   as  emmenagogues.  Black helle-
bore, sarin, madder, polygala senega, and ergot,
are reputed to be specific emmenagogues.   The
following list  comprises the  chief of them:  —
Cunila Pulegioides ; Helleborus Niger ; Mentha
Pulegium;  Rosmarinus; Rubia;  Sabina;  Secale
Cornutum ; Senega, and Tanacetum.
   EMMENAGOLOG"IA, from eppnvaywya, and
Xoyos,  ' discourse.'  A treatise of emmenagogues.
   EMMENIA, Menses.
   EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues.
   EMMENOLOG"IA,   from eppnva,  'menses,'
and Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A treatise on  men-
struation.
   EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog"icus: same
etymon  as the  last.  Relating or appertaining to
 menstruation.
   EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE, Hydrarthrus.
   EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients.
   EMOL'LIENTS,  Emollien'tia, Malthac'tica,
 llelaxan'tia, Epiceras'tica,  Malac'tica, Lubri-
 can'tia,  Malacopoe'a, Mollien'tia, from emollire,
 (e, and  mollire,  ' to soften.')   Substances which
relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too
tense.  They are used both internally and exter-
nally : as the  former, however, consist of muci-
laginous  substances, they are generally reckoned
as demulcents: the latter, or proper emollients,
consist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations,  Ac.
Oleaginous bodies, rubbed on a part, act by di-
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations, in cases
of internal inflammation,  act probably through
contiguous sympathy.   The following are  the
chief emollients : — Adeps ;  Amygdalae Oleum ;
Avenas Farina; Cera; Cetaccum; Linum ; Olivas
Oleum; Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and Ulmus.
  EMOLLITIES, Mollities—e. Morbosa, Molli-
fies—e. Ossium;"Mollities ossium—e. Uteri Mor-
bosa, Hysteromalacia.
  EMOLLITIO, Mollities—e. Ventriculi, Gastro-
malacia.
  EMONCTOIRE, Emunctory.
P3MOPTOE, Haemoptysis.
  EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion.
  EMO'TIONAL,  from emotio,  (e, 'from,'  and
moveo, motus, 'to move.')  Relating to emotion
or passion independently of the will: —hence an
' emotional or instinctive impulse.'
  EMPASMA, Cataplasma.
  EMPATEMENT,  from empdter, 'to render
pasty or  doughy.' A non-inflammatory engorge-
ment, which retains, more or less, the impression
of the finger.
  EMPATHE'MA,  Ma'nia  a  pathe'mate,  (F.)
Manie sans  delire; ungovernable passion; from
ep, or iv,  'in,'  and ira&os, 'suffering.'  Fixed de-
lusion.
  EMPEIRIA, Experience.
  EMPETRUM,  Herniaria glabra.
  EM'PHLYSIS, from ep, or ev, 'in,' and^Xvo-ij,
'a vesicular tumour or eruption;'  Ich'orous  E.r-
an'them.  An eruption of vesicular pimples, filled
progressively with an acrid and  colourless, or
nearly colourless, fluid; terminating in scurf or
laminated scabs.  A genus in the order Exanthe-
matica, class Hamatica of Good.
  Emphlysis Aphtha, Aphthae, Stomatitis, aph-
thous —  e. Erysipelas, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria,
Miliary fever — e. Pemphigus,  Pemphigus — e.
Vaccina  inserta, Vaccina—e. Varicella, Varicella.
  EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus.
  EMPHRACTICA, Physconia.
  EMPHRACTICUS, Emphrac'tic, from cptppar-
ro), ' I close,' ' I obstruct.' Emplaa'ticus, Emplat-
tom'enos.  Any substance which, when applied to
the skin, was presumed to close the pores.
   EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon.  Obturamen'-
tum, Impcdimen'turn.   Anything that  obstructs.
Hippocrates uses this term  to  designate the ob-
stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when
the presentation is preternatural.
   Emphragma Lachrymale, Fistula lachryma-
lis—e. Salivare, Ranula.
   EMPHRAX'IS, Obetruc'tio, Obtiira'tio, Oppi-
la'tio, Infarc'tua, Farctua, Partus.  Same etymon.
' Obstruction.'  An Embarras or repletion of ca-
nals or cavities by any substance, which is either
morbid from quantity or quality.
   Emphraxis Hepatis,  Hepatemphraxis.
   EMPHYMA, Tumour—e. Encystis, Encystis
—e. Encystis  atheroma, Atheroma—e. Encystis
ganglion, Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis meli-
ceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma
—e. Exostosis ossea, Exostosis—e. Exostosis pe-
riostea, Node—e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma—e. Sarcoma
adiposum, Adipose sarcoma—e.  Sarcoma cellulo-
sum, Cystic sarcoma—e. Sarcoma mammarum,
Mammary sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma pancreaticuin,
Pancreatic  sarcoma — e. Sarcoma scirrhosum,
Scirrhous sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma tuberculosum, 
EMPHYSEMA              321             EMPLASTRUM
Tnberculate sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma vasculosum,
Sanoma. vascular.
  EMPII YSE'MA, from cp<pvaata, (ev, and tpvaaw,
'I blow,') • 1 inflate.'  Infla'tio, Empneumato'eia,
Sard tea flatuo'aua, Emphyae'ma cellula're, Ern-
physe'ma pucnmato'ais, Physon'cua, Tumor flatu-
leillits,  Pneumato'sis,  Infla'tion,  Wind-dropay,
(F.) EmphyaZme.  This term is commonly applied
to any white, crepitant, shining, elastic, indolent
tumour, caused by the introduction of air into the
areolar texture.  Injuries of the larynx, trachea,
or lungs;  fractures of  the ribs, or  wounds pene-
trating the chest, are the most frequent causes of
thi.s affection, which is owing to the air escaping
from the air-passages and insinuating itself into
the  areolar  texture  surrounding the wound.
There are  some cases  of emphysema, which are
owing to internal causes;  and hence a division
has  been  made into the accidental  and aympto-
matic, and  the apontaneoua  and idiopathic.
  Emphysema Abdominis,  Tympanites.
  Emphyse'ma of  the  Lungs, E.  Pulmo'num,
Aethma aereum  ab Emphyae'mate  Pulmo'num,
Pneumato'aia Pulmo'num, Pneumonec'tnaia, Pneu-
mec'tosia,   (F.) Pneumoectaaie,  Emphyaime  du
Poumon.  A considerable pressure or  contusion
of the chest,  or  any  violent concussion of the
lung, may  produce a  laceration in  that viscus,
without injury being done  to the parietes of the
thorax, and may  give place to the  infiltration of
air  into the areolar texture, interlobular emphy-
sema.  Laennec has described another species of
emphysema of the  lungs,  Veaicular  emphyaema,
consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells,
some of which become  as large as hemp-seed, ul-
timately break, and  give rise to irregular vesicles
at the surface of  the lung,  some of which are as
large as a hazel-nut.   Physical aigna.  The tho-
rax externally, generally or locally, appears un-
naturally convex  and prominent.   The intercos-
tal  spaces  are widened,  but depressed.   The
inspiratory efforts are  increased.   The sound on
percussion is morbidly clear, but not  tympanitic
On  auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble
Dr suppressed.  The expiration, which is more
frequently  audible  is  prolonged, laborious and
wheezing.  There are  no certain physical signs
which can distinguish interlobular  emphyaema
from the veaicular.
  Emphysema  Pectoris, Pneumothorax — e.
Scroti, Physocele—e. Tympanites, Tympanites—
0. Uteri, Hysterophysis, Physometra.
  EMPHYSEMATOUS, Emphyaemato'eus; same
etymon.  Relating or appertaining to emphysema.
  EMPHYSEME,  Emphysema—e.  du Poumon,
Emphysema of the lungs.
  EMPHYTUM  THERMUM, Biolychnium.
  EMP'IRIC, Emplricii8, from epireipia, (ev, and
retpa, 'atrial,') 'experience.'  One who follows
only experience.  A sect of physicians, who re-
jected all theory,  and took  for their guide  expe-
rience alone.  It was  opposed to  the  dogmatic
sect.  The  Empirie  sect prevailed till near the
time of Galen.  Among its most eminent mem-
bers, after  Philinus  and Serapion, were Apollo-
nius, Glaucias, Bacehius of Tanagra,  and Zeuxis,
both disciples of Herophilus,—Heraclides of Ta-
rentum, Cleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me-
nodotus of  Nieomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea.
They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover-
ing the properties of drugs, and did important
service, in this manner, to medicine.
  At the present day, the word Empiric is only
taken in a bad  sense, being employed in nearly
the same signification as charlatan or quack.
  EMPIRICE. Empiricism.
  EMPIR'ICISM;   same  etymon.   Emplrica
Ars,  Emplrice,  (F.)  Empirisme.    Medicine
      21
founded  on experience.  It  generally, at the
present day, signifies quackery.
  EMPIRISME, Empiricism.
  EMPLAS'TICUS.  Same etymon as the next
Also, a remedy which adheres, as a plaster, to tho
surface, and  in  this manner may obstruct tho
pores: an emphractic
  EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermic.
  EMPLAS'TRUM, from the Greek  epirXarrw,
(ev,  and irXaaaetv, 'to  form,') 'I spread  upon,'
(F.) Empldtre.  A solid and tenacious compound.
adhesive at the ordinary heat of the human body.
Some of the plasters owe their consistence to wax
and resin; and others to the chemical union which
takes place between the semivitreous oxide of lead
and oil.  Most of them become too consistent by
age.  When such is the case, they may be re-
melted by a gentle heat, and oil be added to them.
  Emplastrum Adh.esivum, Emplastrum resinas
— e. Adhassivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapum
Adhassivum — e. Alexandri,  Alexandrine — e. de
Althaea, Unguentum de Althasa.
  Emplastrum Ammoni'aci, Ammoni'aeum Plaa-
ter, (Ammoniac,  pur. £v,  acidi  acetici  dil. Oss.
Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar, and strain :
then evaporate the solution by means of a water
bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper
consistence. — Ph. U. S.)  It is used as a  discu-
tient plaster.
  Emplastrum Ammoni'aci  cum IIydrar'gyro,
Ammoniacum plaster with mercury (Ammoniaci
Ibj, hydrarg. 3 iij, olei oliv. %j, sulphur, gr. viij.
Rub the mercury with  the oil until the globules
disappear,  then  add the  ammoniac, previously
melted, and mix.  Ph.  U. S.
  Emplastrum Andrew de  Cruce, E. de pice et
resinis glutinans—e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapum
adhassivum.
  Emplastrum Aromat'icvm, Aromat'ic Plaster.
(Thuria ^jiij, cera fiava fj$s. pulv. cort. cinnam.
j^vj, ol. eaa. Piment., ol. ess. Limon. aa. ^ij.  Melt
the  frankincense and wax together, and strain;
then add, as  it  cools, the cinnamon, previously
rubbed with the  oils, and form  a plaster.  Ph.
Dubl.)  Used as a stimulating plaster.
  A spice plaster, made by incorporating pow-
dered cinnamon and .any other spices with melted
suet, has been  used in cholera, infantum.   It is
spread on leather or linen, and is renewed twice
in the twenty-four hours.
  Emplastrum Asafce'tiid^;, Asafcetida plaster,
E. antihyster'icum,  (Emp. plumb., Asafat., sing.
Ibj, Galban., Cera fiava, aa Ibss, Alcohol, dilnt.
Oiij.  Dissolve the asafcetida  and galbanum in
the  alcohol, in  a water bath, strain while hot, and
evaporate  to the consistence of honey ; add the
lead plaster and  wax previously melted  together,
stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper
consistence. — Ph. U. S.)  Used  as an  antispas-
modic and anodyne plaster.
  Emplastrum Attrahens,  E. ceras—e. Auricu-
lare, Hypotium.
  Emplastrum Belladon'n^ Plaster of Bella-
don'na.  (Empl. resin, ^iij, Ext.  Belladan. ^iss.
Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted
in a water bath,  and mix.—Ph. U. S.)
  Emplastrum Calefa'ciens, E. Picis cum can-
thar'ide, (Ph. U.  S.,) Calefa'cient plaster, Warn*
plaster, (F.) Empldtre  echauffant. (Cerat. can
tharid. (Ph. U. S.) Ibss, Picis abiet. tbiijss.  Melt
together, and  form into a plaster.  Ph. U. S.)
It is rubefacient  and stimulant.
  Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttas— e. Can-
tharidis vesicatorii  compositum,  E. lyttas comp.
—e. Cephalicum,  E. picis comp.
  Emplastrum Cer^e,  E. simplex, Wax plaster,
E. At'trahena.  (Cera flora,  Sevi Prap. aa Ibiij,
resines fiava Ibj.   Melt them together and strain. 
EMPLASTRUM
322
EMPLASTRUM
It is
 Ph. L.)  It has been considered drawing,
 stimulating.
   Emplastrum Cicu't.e, E. de  Cicu'ta, E. coni'i
 macula'ti, Unguen'tum  sol idum de cicu'td, Hem-
 lock plaster, (F.) Empldtre  de Cigue.   (Resina
 abiet. 960 p.  Cera flav. 640 p.  Picis alba, 448 p.
 Ol. cicuta per decoct, praparat.  128 p. Fol cicut.
 recent.  2000  p.   Melt the resins, wax and  oil;
 add the cicuta leaves, and boil; strain and add,
 after having dissolved it in vinegar of squills  and
 cicuta juice, gum ammoniac.  500 p.  Ph. Par.)
 It is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous
 tumours.
   Emplastrum Citrinum, Unguentum de althaea
 e. Commune,  E. Plumbi—e.  Commune cum re-
 sina, E. resinas—e. Conii, E. cicutas.
   Emplastrum Cumi'ni, Cummin plaster. (Cumin.
 semin.,  carui sem.,  lauri bacc.  sing. §iij, picia
 arida Ibiij, cera fiava ^iij.   Melt the pitch  and
 wax together,  then add the  other ingredients.
 Ph. L.)  It is used as a warm, discutient plaster.
   Emplastrum Diachylon, Diachylon, E.plumbi
 —e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet—e. Emolliens,
 Unguentum de althaea—e. Epispasticum, E. lyttas.
   Emplastrum Ferri, E. rob'orana, Iron Plaater,
 Strength'ening Plaater. (Ferriaubcarb. ^iij, Emp.
 plumbi, Ibij, Picia abietia, Ibss.  Add  the sub-
 carbonate of iron to the lead plaster and Bur-
 gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir
 constantly until they thicken upon cooling.—Ph.
 U. S.)
   Emplastrum Ferri  Rubri,  E. oxidi ferri
 rubri—e. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea, — e. ad
 Fonticulos, Ceratum Galeni.
   Emplastrum   Gal'bani,  Golb'anum plaster,
 [Empl.  litharg. Ibij, gum. galban. Ibss, cera fiava
 ^iv.  Melt the galbanum before adding the plas-
 ter and wax, then melt all together.  Ph. D.)   A
 stimulant and discutient
   Emplastrum  Gal'bani Compos'itum.  E.  li-
 thar'gyri  compos'itum, Diach'ylon  magnum cum
 mimmi,  Compound galbanum plaater.  (Golb. pur.
 §viij, Emp. plumbi, Ibiij, tereb.  vulg. gx, abietia
 resin, contus. ^iij.  Melt the galbanum and tur-
 pentine together, then  mix in the resin,  and af-
 terwards  the plaster, previously melted.  It is
 stimulant and discutient.
  Emplastrum  Glutinosum,  see Sparadrapum
 adhassivum—e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummosum.
  Emplastrum  Gummo'sum,  Gum plaster, Em-
 plastrum lithar'gyri cum gummi,  E. cum gummal-
ibus, E.  e gummal ibua reaino'sis, E. Ox'ydi Plumbi
eemivit'rei gummo'sum,  Yellow diach'ylon, Gum
diachylon,  Diachylon cum gummi.  (Emp. oxid.
plumbi  aemivitr.  p. viii, g. reain.  ammoniac, g.
reain. bubon. galbani, cera fiava, aa, p. i. Ph.  E.)
 Properties and uses like the last.
  Emplastrum  e  Gummatibus Resinosis,  E.
gummosum.
  Emplastrum  cum Gummi-Resi'nis,  (F.) Em-
pldtre de gomme resinc,  Diachylon gomme, Plas-
ter of gum resins.  (Emplastr.  simpl. p. 1600,
cera fiava, p. 960picis alba, p. 96, terebinth, p.
96.  Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum  ammo-
niac, p.  32, bdellium 32, galban.  32, and sagape-
num, p.  32.  Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of
alcohol,  evaporate to the consistence of honey,
and mix carefully all together. Ph. P.) A discu-
tient
  Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'rial plaa-
ter, Emplaatr. lithar'gyri cum. hydrar' gyro.  (Hy-
drarg. ^vj, ol. olio., reain. aa^ij, emploat.plumbi,
Ibj.  Melt the oil and resin together, and when
cool rub the mercury with them  till the globules
disappear; then gradually add the lead plaster,
previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.)  It is
stimulant, resolvent, and discutient.  Applied as
n. discutient to venereal and other tumours.
   Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum, E.
 de hydrar'gyro compos''ittint, E. de Vigo cum mer-
 cu'rio emenda'tum, Compound plaater of mer'cury.
 (Empl. simpl. p. 1250, cera Jlava, p. 64, resina,
 p. 64.  Melt, and before it congeals add pulv. g.
 ammoniac,  p. 20,  bdellium, p. 20,  oliban. p. 20,
 myrrh, p. 20, saffron,  p.  12.   Mix  carefully.
 Take of mercury,  p. 380, pure turpentine, p. 64,
 liquid and pure etorax, p. 192.   Triturate in an
 iron mortar till the globules disappear: melt all
 together, and before congealing acid esscntiul oil
 of Lavender, p. 8.  Pharm. P.)  The  same pro-
 perties as the last
   Emplastrum Ichthyocoll^e tei,m inductum,
 see  Sparadrapum adhassivum — e.  Irrifnns,  E.
 lyttas — e. Lithargyri,  E. Plumbi—e. Lithargyri
 compositum, E. galbani compositum — e. Lithar-
 gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum — e. Lithargyri
 cum hydrargyro,  E.  hydrargyri—e. Lithargyri
 cum resina, E. resinas — e. Lithargyricum cum
 resina pini, E. resinas.
   Emplastrum Lytt^e,  E. canthar'idis, E. cun-
 tharidi8 vesicato'rii,  Plaster  of  the Spuniah or
 blistering fly, Blistering Plaster,  Fly Plaster, E.
 meloes veaicato'rii, E. veaicato'rium, E. epispaa'-
 ticum, E. e cantharid'ibua epispoa'ticum 8olid'iua
 et tena'ciu8  harens,  E.  irri'tans, E. rubefi'ans.
 (Cantharidea, in powder,  Ibj,  Emp. cera lbiss,
 adipia. prap. Ibj.  Melt the plaster and lard  to-
 gether, and  as  the mixture becomes  thick,  on
 cooling, sprinkle in the flies, and mix.   Pharm.
 L.)  This is the common blistering plaster. Too
 much  heat must not be used in its preparation.
 It requires to remain on six or eight hours before
 its  full effect is induced, and it acts sufficiently
 well, provided even a piece of thin gauze or tissue
 paper be placed between it and the skin, whilst
 absorption of the flies is  thus prevented.  See
 Blister.  The Blistering Plaster of the  Pharma-
 copoeia of the United States, Cera'tum Canthar'i-
 dis, is  made as follows: — Cantharid.  in  pulv.
 subtiliss., Ibj, cera fiava, resina, aa |jvij, adipis,
 3X.   To the wax, resin, and lard,  previously
 melted, add the Spanish  flies, and stir the mix-
 ture constantly until cool.
  Emplastrum  Lytt^e  Compos'itum,  E. can-
 thar'idis vesicato'rii compos'itum,  E. meloes veai-
 cato'rii compos'itum,  Compound plaster of can-
 thar'ides or Spanish fliea. (Reain.  liq.pini laricia.
 p. 18, resina concret. pini abietia, meloes vcaicut.
 aa p. 12,  cera fiava, p. 4, aubacet.  cupri, p. ij,
 semin. sinapis alb., fruct. pip. nigr. aa p. j.  Melt
 the pitch and wax, then  add the  turpentine, and
 as these cool sprinkle in the other substances, in
 the form  of  powder, so as to make a plaster.
 Ph. E.)  The same  properties as the last, but
 more energetic and speedy in its action.
  Emplastrum Meloes Vesicatorii, E. lyttas—
 e. Meloes vesicatorii  comp., E. lyttas comp. — e.
 Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum de althasa—e. Ni-
grum of Augsburg, see Magnet
  Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se, E. ex  ox'ido
 plumbi rubro camphora'turn, Empldtre de Nurem-
 berg, Nuremberg plaster.   (Oxid.  plumb, rubr. p.
 300, ol. oliv. p. 600,  aqua, q. s.  Boil until the
 oxide is dissolved, and almost to dryness. Re-
 move the vessel from the fire and add yellow wax,
p. 500.   Put the vessel  again  on the fire, and
after the wax is melted, add, before  it congeals,
camphor, p.  24: mix. Ph. P.)  It is considered
a desiccative, and has been employed in gan-
grene.
  Emplastrum Nygmaticum, E.  resinas.
  Emplastrum Opii,  O'pium Plaster.   (Opii in
pulv. ^ij, Picis abiet. j^iij ; emplaatr. plumbi Ibj,
 aq. bullient. f^iv.  Melt together the lead plaster
 and Burgundy pitch; then add the opium pre-
 viously mixed with the water, and boil over a 
emplAtre
323
EMPYEMA
gentle fire to the proper consistence.—Ph. U. S.)
It is employed as an  anodyne, and to give  sup-
port.
   Emplastrum Ox'idi Ferri Rubri, E. Ferri
rubri, E. Rob'orana, Plaster of red oxide of iron,
Strength'ening plaster.  (Empl. oxid. plumb, semi-
vitr.  p. xxiv, resina  pin. p. vi, cera  fiava, old
olea  Europ. sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri rubr. p. viij.
Rub the red oxide of iron with  the oil, and add
the  other ingredients  melted.   Ph.  E.)  It is
employed as a strengthening plaster.
   Emplastrum ex Oxido  plumbi semivitreo,
E. plumbi—e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi
—e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum-
mosum.
   Emplastrum  Phceniceum, Diapalma — e.  ex
Oxido plumbi rubro  compositum, E. Norimber-
gense.
   Emplastrum Picis Burgun'diCjE, Emplastrum
Picis,  Burgundy Pitch Plaster,  Pitch  Plaster,
(Picia Burgund. Ibvj ; cera fiava, Ibss.—Ph. U. S.)
   Emplastrum  Picis Compos'itum,  E.  cephal'-
icum, Cephal'ic plaater, Compound pitch plaater.
(Picis arid, tbi.i, abietia reaina Ibj, resina fiava,
cera  flava, aa, t^iv, myrist. ol. ^j, ol.  oliv., aqua,
aa f.^i.j.   To the pitch, resin, and wax, melted
together, add the other matters and mix. Ph. L.)
It is stimulant and rubefacient  Sometimes used
in headaeh, — applied to the  temples.  See De-
pilatory.
   Emplastrum  Picis  cum Cantharide, E. Ca-
lefaciens.
   Emplastrum  de  Pice  et Resi'nis  Glu'ti-
nans, E.  Andrea de Cruce, EmplAtre  d'Andre  de
la Croix, E. collant de poix et de reainea, Adhe-
sive plaater of pitch and reain8.  (Picis alba, p.
128, resin elemi, p. 32, terebinth,  pur. p. 16, ol.
laur. p. 16. Melt, with a gentle heat, and pass
through linen.   Ph. P.)  Used in contusions and
fractures as a support
   Emplastrum  Plumbi, E. lythar'gyri, E. com-
ntu'ne, E. diach'ylum, E.  ox'idi plumbi semivi-
trei, E.  ex oxido plumbi  aemivitreo,  Diach'ylon
simpler, White Diach'ylon, Lead plaster, Diach'-
ylon plaster.  (Plumbi oxid. semivitr. in pulv. Ibv,
old oliv., cong., aqua  Oij.   Boil together over a
slow  fire, stirring constantly until the  oil  and
oxide of lead cohere.   Ph. U. S.)
   Emplastrum  Polychrestum, E. resinas.
   Emplastrum  Resi'n.e,  E.  adhaalvum, E. li-
thar'gyri cum realnd, E. reaino'aum, E. nygmal-
icum, Reain plaater, Adhe'aive or Sticking plaater,
Emplaatrum commu'ne cum realnd, E. Polyehrea'-
tum, E. lithargyr'icum cum reslnd pini.   (Resin.
Ibss. emp.  plumb. Ibiij.  Melt the plaster, with a
gentle heat, add the resin, and mix.   Ph. U. S.)
Employed in wounds and ulcers.
  Baynton's adhesive plaater is made by melting
one pound of lead plaater and  six drachms of
reain together.
  Emplastrum  Resinosum, E. Resinas — e. Ro-
borans,  E. Ferri (Ph.  U. S.), E. oxidi  ferri rubri
—c Rubefians, E. lyttas.
  Emplastrum  Sapo'nis, E^ eopono'ceum, Soap
plaater.   (Saponis  concia.  ^iv,  emploat. plumb.
Ibiij.  Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and
boil to a proper consistence.  Ph. U. S.)  It is a
mild discutient.  Applied to tumours, corns, Ac
  Emplastrum  Simplex,  E.  ceras—e. Spermatis
ceti, Ceratum cetacei.
  Emplastrum  Thuris, Frank'incenae plaater,
(Emp.  lithargyri, Ibij, thuris, Ibss, oxid. ferri.
rubr. ^iij. Ph. D.,) Use:—the same as  the plaster
of red oxide of iron.
  Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister, E. lyttas
■—e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E. hy-
drargyri compositum.
  EMPLATRE, Emplastrum—e. d'Andre de la
 Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans—
 e. de Cigue, Emplastrum cicutas — e. Collant de
 poix et de resinee, Emplastrum de pice et resinis
 glutinans—e. de Gomme reeine, Emplastrum cum
 gummi-resinis — e. de Nuremberg, Emplastrum
 Norimbergense.
   EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus.
   EMPNEUMATOSIS,  Emphysema,  Inspira-
 tion.
   EMP OISONNEMENT, Poisoning.
   EMPO'RIUM, eptropiov,  (ep or  cv, and iropoy,
 'a way,) 'a market or depSt' The brain was so
 called, of old, because there all the mental affairs
 are transacted.
   Emporium Spirituum, Sensorium.
   EMPOSIS,  Imbibition.
   EMPREINTE, Impression.
   EMPRESIS, Empresma.
   EMPRES'MA,  Emprea'mua,  Empre'aia, from
 tpirpnSw,  'I burn  internally.'    Inflammation.
 Phlegmasia membrano'aa et parynchymato'aa,
 Phlogia'tici, Febrea continua  inflammato'ria, In-
 flamma'tio inter'na, Cau'ma,  Inter'nal inflamma-
 tion.  A genus in the class hamatica, order phlo-
 gotica, of Good.
   Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche trachealir—
 e. Bronchlemmitis,  Cynanche trachealis—e. Car-
 ditis, Carditis—e.  Cephalitis, Phrenitis — e. Cys-
 titis, Cystitis—e. Enteritis, Enteritis—e. Gastri-
 tis, Gastritis—e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis—e. Hyster-
 itis,  Metritis—e. Nephritis, Nephritis—e. Orchitis,
 Hernia humoralis — e. Otitis,  Otitis — e. Paristh-
 mitis, Cynanche — e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma-
 ligna, Cynanche maligna — e. Paristhmitis pha-
 ryngea, Cynanche  pharyngea — e. Paristhmitis
 tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris—e. Parotitis, Cy-
 nanche parotidasa—e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis--e.
 Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Periton-
 itis omentalis, Epiploitis—e. Picis  cum Cantharide,
 E. calefaciens—e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis—e. Pleuritis
 diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis—e. Pneumonitis,
 Pneumonia—e. Splenitis, Splenitis.
   EMPRESMUS,  Empresma.
   EM'PRION, from ev, and irpiwv,' a saw.' Ser-
 rated.   Galen  has given this name to the pulse,
 when the  sensation  produced  by  the artery under
 the fingers is analogous to that  which would be
 caused by the unequal teeth of a saw.
   EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis.
  EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En-
 ta'8ia  tet'anua  anti'cua,  Tetanua  onticna, from
 epirpooSev,  'forwards,' and retvw, 'I  stretch,' 'I
 extend.'  A variety  of tetanus, in which the body
 is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction
 of the muscles.
  EMPSYCHO'SIS, from ep$vXow, (ev, and
 ipvxn, 'life,') 'I animate,' 'I vivify.' A  word
 formerly used for the act of animating. The union
 of the  soul with the body.
  EMPTOE, Haemoptysis.
  EMPTOICA PASSIO, Hasmoptysis.
  EMPTYSIS, Hasmoptysis.
  EMPTYSMA, Sputum.
  EMPYE,  Empyema.
  EMPYE'MA, Empye'aia, Em'pye, from ev, 'in,
 and irvov, ' pus.'  Aposte'ma empye'ma.  A collec-
 tion  of blood or pus, and, conventionally, of other
fluid, in some  cavity of the  body,  and particu-
larly in that of the  pleura.  Empyema is one of
the terminations of inflammation of the pleura,
and is called, also, Pyotho'rax vents, Pleurorrhcn'a
purnlcn'ta, Diapye'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'eie, Em-
 pye'aia pec'toria, Pyo'aia pec'toria, Hydrotho'raX
purulen'tua, Dyspnce'a pyothorac"'ica. Pneumo'nia
suppurato'ria,  Abaces'aua pec'toria,  A. Thora'cis,
Pleuraposte'ma, Pleuropye'sis, (F.) PyopleuriU. 
EMPYESIS                324                   EMYS
The operation for empyema properly means the
making of an opening into the thorax for the pur-
pose of  giving issue to  the matter collected in
the cavity of the pleura, although it has been
used for the operation required for the evacuation
of any fluid from the chest, or synonymously
with Paracentesis thoracis.
  EMPYE'SIS;   same  etymon.  Suppuration.
An eruption  of phlegmonous  pimples, gradually
filling  with a purulent fluid, and terminating in
thick  scabs,  frequently  leaving pits  or  scabs.
Pus'tulous Exan'them.  A genus  in the order Ex-
anthematica,  class Hamatica of  Good.  See Em-
pyema.
  Empyesis Oculi, Hypopyon—e. Pectoris, Em-
pyema—e. Variola, Variola.
  EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia
adiposa.
  EMPYOCE'LE, from  ev, 'in,' irvov, 'pus,' and
xnXy, ' tumour,' ' hernia.'  A tumour,  formed by
an accumulation  of pus  in the  scrotum.  Diffe-
rent diseases have  been described  under this
name,  such as suppuration of  the testicle,  empy-
ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus
in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses  of dif-
ferent  kinds formed in the cellular texture of the
scrotum, Ac.
  EMPYOM'PHALUS, from ev, 'in,' irvov, 'pus,'
and op*pdXos,  'the navel.'  This word has been
used to  designate a suppurating tumour  at the
umbilicus; or, at  times, umbilical hernia, the sac
of which is filled with blood.
  EMPYOS,  Purulent.
  EMPYREU'MA, from tpirvpcvw, (ev, and irvp,
'fire,') 'I kindle.'  The  burnt smell  and  acrid
taste, which volatile products—gaseous and liquid
—contract, when  animal or vegetable  substances
are decomposed by  a strong  heat.   The  cause
of this smell  is seated in an oil, called empyreu-
mat'ic, which does not exist in the substance sub-
jected  to the operation, but is  the result of its
decomposition.   If the empyreuma occurs when
the organic substance is  placed  in a still  with a
liquid,  it is owing to the solid matter touching
the bottom of the vessel to which the  fire is ap-
plied.
  EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyreumalicus: same
etymon.   Belonging to empyreuma, — as an em-
pyreumatic odour.
  EM'PYROS, Febric"itans,  from  irvp, 'fire or
fever.'   One who  has fever.—Hippocrates.
  EMS, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Celebrated
springs on the  river  Lahn,  duchy  of Nassau.
They are thermal (from 83 to  115° Fahrenheit,)
and carbonated salines, containing carbonic acid,
bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium ; and
are much used in gastric and intestinal  affec-
tions, Ac
  EMUL'GENT,  Emul'gena,  from emulgere,  (e,
and midgere,) 'to milk out,'  'to draw out'  A
name given to the renal artery and vein, because
the ancients  imagined they milked,  as it were,
the urine through the kidneys.   See Renal.
  EMULSIN, see Amygdalin.
  EMUL'SIO,  Emul'aion;  same  etymon.  A
pharmaceutical preparation,  of a  milky-white
opaque appearance, which is composed of oil, di-
vided and held in suspension  in water by means
of mucilage.  Emulsions have been divided into
the true and oily,  and into the false or not oily;
the latter being composed of resinous substances,
balsams, or camphor, rubbed  up with  dilute al-
cohol, mucilage, or yolk of egg.
  Emulsio Aca'ci^e Arab'ice,  Emul'sio Arab'-
ica ; Gum Ar'abic Emulsion.  (Nucleor. amygd.
comm. ffs, aqua lbijss, mucilay.  acac.  3;ij,  sacch.
giv.  While  beating  the decorticated almonds
with  the  sugar and water, add tho mucilage. —
Ph. E.)   Used in the same cases as the last.
  Emulsio Amyg'dal^:, Lac amyg'dala, Emul'-
sio  simplex, Amygdalo'tum, Mistu'ra  amygdala,
Emulsio  sive Lac Amygdala'rum, Almond Emul-
sion, Almond Milk, (F.) Lait d'amandes.  (Amyg-
dal. dulc. ^ss; Acacia, in  pulv. ^ss;  Sacchar.
JJij; Aqua destillat. f^viij.   Macerate  the  al-
monds in water, and having removed their ex-
ternal coat, beat them with the  gum Arabic and
sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly
mixed; then rub the mixture with the distilled
water gradually added, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
It is used as a diluent and demulcent.
  Emulsio  Antihysterica, Mistura  asafcetidas
—e. Arabica, Emulsio acacias Arabicas.
  Emulsio Cam'phorje,.^. Camphora'ta, Mistu'ra
Camphora; Camphor Emulsion. (Camphora Qj,
amygd, com. decortic, sacch. dur.,  aa  SJiv, aqua
§vj. — Ph. E.)  A convenient  form  for giving
camphor.
  Emulsio Guaiacina, Mistura guaiaci—e. Le-
niens, Looch ex ovo.
  Emulsio O'lei Amygdala'rum; Emulsion of
Oil of Almonds, (Ol. amygd.Zj, gum acac. pith.
3'J' 8yruP- %'h aqua destill. giv.  Mix.   A good
pectoral or cough mixture.
  Emulsio O'lei Ric"ini ;  Castor Oil Emulsion
(Ol. ricini ^ss, vitelli ovi q. s., aqua destillat.  Sj.)
An  aperient draught.
  Emulsio O'lei  Terebin'thinje ; Emulsion of
Oil of Tur'pentine,  (Ol. tereb.  red. ^ij. sacch.
alb. 5jss. vitell. ovi j, emnls. amygd. vel aqua de-
stillat. ^vj.   Mix.  In  rheumatic  and nephritic
affections.  Dose fjiss.
  Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo.
  Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Jala'p^e  Resi'na,
Purging  Emulsion  with. Resin  of Jalap.  (Ja-
lapa resin, gr. xij. sacch. alb. ^'j-  Triturate for
some time, and add gradually half the yolk of
an egg; continue to triturate, adding by degrees
emuls. simpl. ^v, aq.flor, aurant. ^ij.—Ph. P.)
  Emulsio Purgans cum Scammo'nio; Purging
Emulsion  with  Scammony.  It is prepared like
the  preceding,  substituting  only Scammony for
the  jalap.
  Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdalae.
  EMULSION,  Emulsio —e.  Almond, Emulsio
amygdalas—e. Camphor, Emulsio Camphora?—e.
Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini — e. Gum Arabic,
Emulsio acacias Arabicas — e. Huilcnae, Looch ex
ovo—e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda-
larum—e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere-
binthinas—e. Purging with resin of jalap, Emul-
sio purgans cum jalapae resina—e.  Purging, with
scammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio.
  EMUL'SIVE, Emulalvna; same etymon.  An
epithet given to seeds  whence  oil may  be  ex-
tracted by expression ; such as almonds, apricots,
peaches,  hemp, rape, melons,  gourds; those of
the  nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous
plants in general.
  EMUNCTORIUM, Emunctory —e.  Cerebri,
Nasus.
  EMUNCTORY, Emuncto'rium, from emungere,
(e, and  mungere,) 'to  drain  off.'  'to cleanse.'
Emissa'rinm, (F.) Emonctoire, Emissaire. Any
organ whose  office it is to give issue to matters
which ought to be excreted.  The ancients be-
lieved that some  organs were  more particularly
destined to serve  as  emunctories of others:  the
nasal fossas, for example, they believed to be th«
emunctories of the'brain.
  EMUNDANTIA. Detergents.
  EMYS  PALUS'TRIS, Salt Water Ter'rapin.
This species of turtle is found exclusively in  salt
or brackish waters, near the sea shore, along the
whole Atlantic coast.   It is much  prized by the 
                      EN

eypicvire, and  is nutritious and tolerably easy of
digestion when dressed plain.
  EN, sec Em.
  EN ADELPHIA, Emboitement.
  EN.EM.A.  ILeuiostatica.
  EN.EM ON, Styptic.
  EN/EORE'MA, from ev,  'in,' and atwptw,  'I
lift up,'  ' that which hangs or floats in.'  The
Aepllelc,  Nubca,  Sublimamen'tum,  Sublima'tio,
Sublime, Suspen'sum,  S. Uri'na, Suspcn'sa, A'n-
bec'du or cloud, which is suspended in the urine
as it cools.
  ENAM'EL OF THE TEETH, Den'tium Nitor,
Cortex, Cortex stria'ta,  Substantia filamento'sa
of Malpighi,  S.  Adaman'tina den'tium,  Crusta
Den'tium  adaman'tina,  Adamantine  substance.
The substance which covers  the coronas of the
teeth, and which  has, also, been called the vitre-
ous substance, Subatrtn'tio vit'rea, (F.) Subatance
vitree ou emaillee, Email dea Denta.   The enamel
is of  a milky-white colour, and sufficiently hard
to strike  fire with  steel.   Its surface  is very
smooth and  polished, and  it forms  a thicker
layer towards the part where the teeth come in
contact, and becomes thinner towards the  cervix.
The fibres of  the enamel  are perpendicular to the
surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which  they
seem,  as it were, planted.   This gives them a
velvety appearance, when  examined by the  mi-
croscope.   The enamel has no blood vessels, and
is not renewed when removed.  It  is formed of
phosphate  of lime, and  a very small portion of
animal matter.
  ENANTHE'MA,  same etymon  as  the next
A name recently given to certain eruptions of the
mucous membrane,  as exanthema  is to certain
eruptions of the skin.
  ENANTHE'SIS, from ev, 'in,' and avSew,  <I
flourish.' Rash exan'them.  Eruption of red, level
or nearly level patches, variously figured, irre-
gularly diffused, often confluent, and terminating
in cuticular exfoliations.   A genus in the order
Exanthematica, class Hamatica of  Cullen, inclu-
ding scarlet fever, measles, Ac
  Enantiiesis Rosalia, Scarlatina — e. Urtica-
ria, Urticaria.
  ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative.
  ENARTHRO'SIS,  Inarticula'tio, Ball and
Socket-joint,  from ev, 'in,' and apSpwais, 'an arti-
culation.'  A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in
which the head  of a  bone is received into the
cavity of another, and can be moved in all direc-
tions.  The joint of the os  femoris with the os-
innoniinatum is one of this character.
  ENAR'THRUM,  from ev, 'in,' and apOpov, 'a
joint'  A  foreign body in a joint.
   ENAUSMA, Fomites.
  ENCAN'THTS, from ev,  'in,' and xavBos, 'the
angle of the  eye.'  A tumour, formed by an in-
crease in size, or a degeneration, of  the caruncula
lachrymalis.   Any morbid growth  in  the inner
angle of the  eye.
   Envanthis Benig'na.  Simple excrescence of
the caruncula.  It commonly yields to astringent
collyria.
   Enc.vnthis Fungo'sa.   A condition of  the se-
milunar  fold and lachrymal caruncle,  in which
they are the  seat of morbid growths.
  Excavthis Infi.ammato'iua.    Inflammation
with enlargement —swelling — of  the semilunar
fold and lachrymal caruncle.
   Encanthis Malig'na has often a cancerous
character, and requires extirpation  before it has
attained  any  considerable size.
  ENCARPOS, Pregnant.
  ENCASTNG. Emboitement.
  ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy.
5             ENCEPHALOID

  ENCATHIS'MA, Semicu'pium.  With the an-
cients Encathie'ma, eyxa&tapa, meant a vapour-
bath taken sitting.
  ENCAU'MA, from ev, 'in,' and xavw, 'I burn.'
Epicau'mia, Epicau'aia,  Encau'aia.   A  tumour
produced  by a burn.  A burn.   Also, an ulcer
of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the
humours.—Aetius, Gorrasus.
  ENCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma, Moxibustion.
  ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  En-
causse is  a village  in the  department  of the
Haute-Garonne, which possesses several saline,
acidulous  springs.
  ENCA VURE, Argema.
  ENCEINTE, Pregnant.
  ENCEArS, Juniperus lvcia.
  ENCEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e. Hydro-
pica, Hydrocephalus internus.
  ENCEPHAL'IC, Encephol'icua, from tv,  'in,'
and xetpaXn, 'the head.'  That which is situate in
the head.  A  name given to several parts which
relate to the encephalon, as, the encephalic mem-
branca, muscles, Ac
  ENCEPHALPTIS: same etymon.  This  term
has been used, by some nosologists, synonymously
with Cephalitis and Phrenitis. By others, it has
been appropriated to inflammation  of the brain,
in contradistinction to that of the membranes.
  Encephalitis  Exsudatoria,  Hydrocephalus
internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus
—e. Insolationis, Coup-de-soleil—e. Membranosa,
Meningitis—e. Peripherica, Meningitis—e. Pota-
torum, Delirium tremens.
  ENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum.
  ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  eyxetpaXov,  'the
brain,' and xnXr,, 'a tumour.'  Hernia  Cer'ebri,
Fungus Cerebri,  Cranioce'le, Hernia of the Brain.
This may be a congenital or accidental affection.
In  the  former case, it is dependent upon tardy
ossification of the fontanelles or some faulty con-
formation.  In the latter, it is owing  to some
considerable loss of substance in the parietes of
the cranium, produced by fractures, wounds  with
a cutting instrument,  caries,  the application  of
the trephine,  Ac.  In  slight congenital encepha-
locele, gentle pressure may be exerted upon the
protruded  portion.  AVhen the disease is of  con-
siderable  extent, it is fatal.   In  accidental ence-
phalocele, similar means must be used for con-
fining  the tumour, and  preserving  it from the
action of external bodies.
  ENCEPHALOCIIYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus—e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous.
  ENCEPIIALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
  ENCEPHALOH/EMIA, Cephalaemia.
  ENCEPHALOHEMIE, Cephalasmia.
  ENCEPH'ALOID, Encephaldidea, Ceph'aloid,
Ctqyhalo'idea,  Cephtilo'ma,  from eyxetpaXov,  'the
brain,'  and eilos,  'resemblance.'  Laennec has
given  the term  Enceph'aloid  or  Cer'ebriform
matter to  one of the morbid substances commonly
formed by scirrhous or cancerous tumours.  It is
either encysted, in irregular masses without cysts,
or  infiltrated  into the  texture of the diseased or-
gan.  This name was  given to it in consequence
of its resemblance, when fully developed, to the
medullary substance  of the  brain.  It  is  also
called  Fungus medulla'ris, F. Cancro'sus  medul-
la'ris,  Sarco'ma medttlla're, Spongoid inflamma-
tion,  Fungus  eercbra'lis, Cancer  cerebrifor'me,
Cancer mollis, C. Medulla'ris, Carcino'ma metfol-
la're, C. Spongiosum, Card'mis apongio'aua, JlTye-
lo'mo,  Myelomy'cea, Mycloapon'gua, Tela acciden-
ta'l.ia medulla'ria, (F.) Matiere cerebriforme,  Cttr-
cinome  moil et epongeux, Tumeur encephaloide,
Fungus medullaire, Circindme aanglant,  Cancer
mou; Milt-like tumou  , Med'ulliry aarcona,  CeV-
31 
            ENCEPHALOLOGIA

hilar cancer,Fungoid diaease, Hamatocer'ebriform
diaeaae.  See Cancer.
  Encephaloid Tumour of the Lung, Phthisis,
cancerous.
  ENCEPHALOLOG"IA,  from tyxctpaXos,  'the
encephalon,' and Xoyos, ' a description.'  A de-
scription of the encephalon.
  ENCEPHALOMALACIA, Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPH'ALON,  Enceph'alum, Enceph'alua,
from ev, ' in,' and xetpaXn, the head.'  That which
is situate in the head.  This name has generally
been given to the brain, cerebellum, and meaoce-
phalon.  At times, it includes likewise the me-
dulla apinalis, when it is also called the Cerebro-
spinal axia and Neural axis.
  ENCEPHALOPATHPA, from tyxetpaXos,  'the
encephalon,' and irados,  ' disease.'   A disease of
the encephalon.
  Encephalopathy Puerperalis, Mania,puer-
peral — e. Saturnina, see Encephalopathie aatur-
nine.
  ENCEPHAL OP A THIE   CRAP ULEUSE,
Delirium tremens.
  ENCEPHALOPATHIE SATURNINE, En-
cephalopathy a Soturni'na,  from tyxetpaXos,  'the
encephalon,' traOos, 'disease,' and aotumua, 'lead.'
Encephalic disorder occasioned by the poison of
lead.
  ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymoto'aea seu
Strumo'8e8 seu Tuber'cula cer'ebri.   Tubercles of
the brain.
  ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS,   see  Encephalo-
pyosis.
  ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS,  from eyxetpaXos,  'the
brain,'  and irvov, 'pus.' Apoate'ma seu Abacea'aua
seu Helco'aia cer'ebri.   Suppuration of the brain.
When  accompanied with emaciation and hectic,
it is called  Encephalopthl ai8.
  ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy.
  ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology.
  ENCEPHALOSEPSIS, Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER,  Hepa-
toscirrhus.
  ENCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the
brain.
  ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha-
lus  internus.
  ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon.
  ENCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS,  Cerebellum.
  ENCEROSIS, Inceration.
  ENCHARAXIS, Scarification.
  ENCHEIRE'SIS, Enchirc'aia,Enchei'ria, from
ev, and xctP> 'foe hand.' Galen uses this term as
a part of the title to one of his works, which treats
of dissection.  It means the manual treatment of
any subject.
  ENCHEIRIA, Encheiresis.
  ENCHIFRENEMENT,  Coryza.
  ENCHIRESIS, Encheiresis.
  ENCHONDROMA, Chondroma.
  ENCHORIONOSUS, Endemic.
  ENCHORIOS, Endemic.
  ENCHRISTON, Liniment.
  ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction.
  ENCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora.
  ENCHYMO'MA,  Enchymo'aia,  from ev,  and
£tio, ' I pour.'  By  the ancients,  this word was
used to designate the sudden effusion of blood
injo the cutaneous vessels which arises from joy,
an^r, or shame ; in the last instance constituting
blushing.   It differs  from enchymosis in there
being, in the  latter, extravasation of blood  into
the areolar texture, and its being produced by
an  external cause; a contusion, for example.—
Hippocrates.
  EN CH YSIS, Infusion.
i                ENDERMIC

   ENCLAVEE, Wedged.
   ENCLA VEMENT, see Wedged.
   ENCL UME, Incus.
   ENCLYDAS'TICOS, intua fluc'tuans, from ty-
xXvla^opai, ' to float in.'  Applied to liquids, e. g.
to serum, pus, Ac, contained in any cavity.
   ENCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema.
   ENCCE'LIA, from ev, 'in,' and koiXio, 'thebel-
ly.'   The abdominal viscera.   The entrails.
   ENCG3LIALGIA, Tormina—e. Inflammatoria,
Enccelitis.
   ENCGSLFTIS, Enccelii'tis, Encocliolg"ia in-
flammato'ria, Inflamma'tio abdomina'lie,  from
eyxotXta, ' the abdominal contents,' and itia, in-
flammation.  Inflammation of any  of the abdo-
minal viscera.
   ENCOLPIS'MUS, from tv, 'in,' and  xoXros,
' the  vagina.' Injection  or introduction  of any
thing into the vagina.
   ENCOPE, Diacope, Incision.
   ENCRANION, Cerebellum.
   ENCRANIS,  Cerebellum.
   ENCRE, Atramentum.
   ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   ENCYMON, Pregnancy.
   ENCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   ENCYSIS, Pregnancy.
   ENCYST'ED,  Cyetide   obduc'tua,  Sacea'tua,
Saccula'tua,  Sac'cated,  Sac'culated,  Pouched.
Enclosed  in  a kyst or cyst, or pouch; from tv,
'in,'  and xvans,  'bladder.'  (F.) Enkyete. An
epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid
collections enclosed in a particular envelope or
cyst.  They are movable and often elastic to the
touch.
   ENCYS'TIS,  Tumor  tunica'tua,  T. cys'ticua,
Emphy'ma encya'tia.   Same  etymon.  Lu'pia,
Glan'dula Avicen'na, Nodu8.  An encysted tu-
mour.
   ENDAN'GIUM; properly  Endangi'on, from
evlov, 'within,' and ayyeiov, 'a vessel.'  The se-
rous or lining membrane of vessels.
   ENDEICTICOS, Indicant
   ENDEIXIOL"OGY, Endeixiolog"ia, from ev-
lei\ts, 'indication,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.'  The
doctrine of indications.
   ENDEIXIS, Indication.
   ENDEMIA, Endemic.
   ENDEM'IC, Endem'ical, Ende'mia, Regiona'-
lis morbua, Endenlicua, from ev,  'in,' and Inpos,
'the  people;' Encho'rioa,  Enchorion'oaus,  Ver-
nac'ulua seu Endcmius mor'bus, Endemy.   A dis-
ease is said to be endemic,  or to arise from ende-
mic" ity, (F.) endemicite, when it is owing to some
peculiarity in a situation or locality. Thus,  ague is
endemic in marshy countries; goitre at the base
of lofty mountains, Ac.  Some authors use the
term  in the same sense as epidemic.  We have
no accurate  knowledge  of the  emanations or
other circumstances which  give occasion  to en-
demic affections.  We  seem to know that some
emanation from marshy lands does produce in-
termittents ; but we are ignorant of the nature of
such emanation.
   ENDEMICITE, see Endemic.
   ENDEMICITY, see Endemic.
   ENDEMIOL'OGY, Endemiolog"io, from  tvln-
pia, ' an endemic,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  The
doctrine of endemic diseases.
   ENDEMY, Endemic.
   ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium.
   ENDER'MIC,  Ender'miciia,  Endermat'icua,
EmplaS'tro-endermic, from ev, 'in,' and leppa, 'the
skin.'  An epithet given to the method of treat-
ing diseases  by placing the therapeutical agent
in contact with the  skin, especially after the cu-
ticle has been removed ; Endermiam, Endermia'-
mua, Endermo'aia, Meth'odus ender'mica seu en-
32 
                 ENDERMIS               3

dermal ica.   Morphia, strychnia, Ac, are  often
administered in this way.
  ENDERMIS, see Endermic
  ENHERM1SMUS, see Endermic.
  ENDERMOSIS, see Endermic.
  EN'DESIS, from tv, 'in,' and lew, 'I bind.'
A ligature, bandage,  connexion.   Hippocrates
has so termed the ankle-joint.
  ENDIVE, Cichorium endivia—e. Wild, Cicho-
rium intybus.
  ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia.
  ENDIXIS, Indication.
  EN DO, from evlov, 'within.' A common prefix,
as in the following terms:
  ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from  evlov, 'within,' and
aortitia, ' inflammation of the aorta.'   Inflamma-
tion of the lining membrane of the aorta.
  EN DO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
  ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocardial, Endocardl-
acue : same etymon as the next.  Relating to the
endocardium, or to the interior of  the heart; as
' emlocardiac sound  or murmur,' — a sound pro-
duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra-
distinction to exocardiac or exocardial sounds or
murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the
external surface of the organ.
  ENDOCARDPTIS, Carditis inter'na, Inflam-
ma'tio anperfic"'id inter'na cordis, Inter'nol Car-
ditis,  Inflamma'tion of the internal membrane of
the heart,  from  Endocard'ium, the lining mem-
brane of the heart, and  itia, inflammation.  In
this disease, the  heart's  action is  visibly in-
creased, and very  manifest to  the  touch; the
hand  is strongly repelled, and, at moments, is
sensible of a trembling vibratory motion.  Per-
cussion gives a dull sound over a surface of seve-
ral inches, owing, according to Bouillaud, to the
inflammatory turgescence  of the heart, and the
engorged state of its cavities.   On auscultation
a bruit de aoufflet is generally  heard,  masking
one or both sounds of the heart; and the  ear is
sensible of a metallic ringing with each systole
of tho ventricle.   The pulsations are  rapid as
well as strong, and, with few exceptions, irregu-
lar, unequal and intermittent  The pulse, by the
way, does not always indicate the force or num-
ber of tho heart's contractions.
  ENDOCAR'DIUM, from evlov,  'within,' and
xaplia, 'the  heart'   The membrane that  lines
the interior of the heart.
  END<H'1IORION, see Chorion.
  ENDOCOLITIS. Dysentery.
  ENDODONTI'TIS,  (F.)  inflammation  de la
Pnlpe dentaire, Inflammation of  the Dental mem-
brane, from evlov, ' within,' olovs, ' a tooth,' and
itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of
tho lining membrane of a tooth.
  ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
  ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastrl tis ; from evlov,
' within,' and gastritis, ' inflammation  of the sto-
mach.'  Inflammation of the lining  membrane
of the stomach.
  ENDOGEN, see Endogenous.
  ENDOC'ENOUS; from  tvlov,  'within,' and
yewaw,  ' I engender.'   A term  first  applied to
plants — hence called End'ogens — in which the
new woody matter is  deposited within the old
and towards the centre.  In  the  animal, cells are
often formed endogenously, or within  the cells, as
in the ease of the sperm vesicles.
  ENDOLYMPH,  Vitrine auditive.
  ENDOMETRITIS, from evlov, 'within,' and
metritis, 'inflammation  of the uterus.'  Inflam-
mation of the lining membrane of the uterus.
  ENDONARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
  EN DOS IS, Remission.
  EXDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
                  ENEMA

  ENDOSMOSE,  Endoamo'ais, Imbibil'io,  Im-
bibil'ion, from evlov, 'within,' and  wapos, 'im-
pulse.'  A term used by  Dutrochet, to express
the action by  which fluids  pass from without
to within organic membranes.  The action  of
two fluids on each other, when separated by a
membrane.  The general  conditions of the phe-
nomena are:—flrat, that they should have an
affinity for the interposed membrane;  and  ae-
condly, that they should have an affinity for each
other, and be miscible.
  At the present day, endosmose is generally used
to signify the passage of the more transmissible
fluid, whilst exosmose signifies  that of the least
transmissible.   The rapidity with which endos-
mose  is  accomplished varies according  to the
nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene-
trating body, and to the penetrability of the tissue.
  ENDOSMOT'IC, Endosmot'icus; same etymon.
Belonging to endosmose :—as an ' endoamotic cur-
rent'
  ENDOSTEPTIS, from  tvlov, 'within,' oo-rrov,
'a bone,' and  itia, denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation of the internal periosteum.
  ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane.
  ENDOUTERITIS, see  Metritis.
  ENDUIT (F.), from induere,  'to put upon,'
'to put on.'  A coat;  a, fur.  This term is often
applied  to  a  layer of greater or less thickneas
which covers the surface of  certain organs,  and
particularly of the tongue  and the interior of the
mouth.   The enduit is designated variously, ac-
cording to its appearance,—enduit bilieux, jaune,
blanc, Ac. — a bilious, yellow, white coat  or fur,
Ac  It is at times owing  to the evaporation of
the watery portions of the secretions; at others,
to a morbid condition of the secretions: — gene-
rally, to both causes combined.
  ENDUIT  CHOROIDIEN, see Choroid.
  ENDURCISSEMENT,  Induration —e.  du.
Cerveau,  Sclerencephalia—e. Rouge, see Hepati-
zation—e. du Coeur, Cardioscterosie—e. du Tissu
cellulaire, Induration of the cellular tissue.
  ENDYMA VENTRICULORUM,  Ependyma
ventricu'lorum.
  ENECHEMA, Tinnitus aurium.
  ENECIA, Synocha-—e. Cauma, Synocha—e.
Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis'—e. Syno-
chus, Synochus.
  EN'EMA, from evinpi, (ev, and 117/11,) 'to inject.'
Clysma, Clysmus, Enclys'ma, Lavamen'tum, Lo'tio.
An  Injection,  Clyster,  (F.)  Clystiire,  Lavement.
A well-known form of conveying medicine into
the intestinal canal.  See  Clyster.
  Enema  Anod'ynum,  Enema  O'pii; An'odyne
Clyster, Starch and Opium Clyster. (Gelat. amyli
Oss, tinct. opii gtt. 40 vel 60.) Exhibited in cases
of severe diarrhoea or dysentery.
  Enema Cathar'ticum ;  Purging Clyster.
(Manna ^j, decoct, eh a mam. comp. ^x, old oliv.
Hjj, sulph. magnes. 5ss.  Ph. D.)
  Enema Commu'ne;  Common Clyster,  Domestic
Clyster. ( IParer gruel, or molasses and water Oss
or Oj ;  add 0 little oil or lard, and a spoonful of
common salt.)  Given as a  cathartic enema; and,
without the common salt, as an emollient.
  Enema Fcet'idum, Fetid Clyster; Mis'tura asa*
fcet'ida pro  clys'mate, Clysma  ton'icum et anti-
spasmod'icum seu in'citans et sedana, (F.) Lave-
ment antispasmodique.  (The laat, with the addi-
tion o/5ij of the tincture of asafcetida.  Pht0.)
Given as an antispasmodic and anodyne.
  Enema  Nicotia'n.e ;  Tobac'co  Clyster.   This
generally consists of from half a pint'to a pint of
the Infusum Tabaci.  It is employed in cases of
strangulated hernia; but  occasionally acts as a
fatal poison when given in this way.  The smoke
>7 
ENEPIDERMIC
328
ENSTROPHE
 of tobacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to
 produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion.
  Enema Opii, E. anodynum.
  Enema Terf.bin'tiiin^e;  Tur'pentine  Clyatcr.
 (Ol. tereb. f^iij- gruel Oss, one yolk of egg.   In-
 corporate the turpentine with the yolk, then add
 the gruel.)  To be administered in cases  of asca-
 rides, (oxyures.)
  ENEPIDERMTC, Enepider'micus, from tv,
 'in,' eiri,  'upon,' and Seppa, 'the skin.'  An epi-
 thet given  to  the method of treating diseases,
 which  consists in the application of  medicines;
 as plasters,  blisters,  Ac, to the skin.
  ENEREtSIS, Compression.
  ENERGIA,  Action, Force.
  EN'ERGY,  Energi'a, from  evepyew, (tv, and
 tpyov, ' action,') ' I act'   Action.  Acting power.
 Also, vigour;  as the  'muscular  energy;'  the
 'brain atita  with energy.'
  ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis,  Enervation.
  ENERVA'TION,  Enervo'tio, from  e, 'out of,'
 and nervtta,  'strength.'  The act of weakening —
 the state of being weakened.  See Debility.
  ENERVATIONES  TENDINE.E, Inseripti-
 ones tendineas  musculorum.
  ENERVITAS, Inertia.
  ENFANCE, Infancy.
  ENFANT, Infans—e. d Terme,  see Foetus—e.
 Legitime,  see Legitimate.
  ENFL URE, Swelling, Oedema—e. dea  Jambea
 et des cuiase8 de la femme accouchee, Phlegmatia
 dolens.
  ENFONCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Scaphoi-
 des fossa.
  ENGASTERION, Laboratory.
  ENGASTRIMISME, see Engastrimyth.
  ENGASTRIMYSME, see Engastrimyth.
  ENGAS'TRIMYTH ;  Engaatrimy'thua,  En-
glottogas'tor, Gastril'oquus,  Ventriloquus,  Gas-
 tril'oquist, Eu'ryclea,  Euryclltua, Enteroman'tia,
 Gostroman'tis,  from  ev,  ' in,' yaarep, ' the belly,'
 and  pvSeopat, 'I discourse.'   A  Ventriloquiat.
 (F.)  Ventriloqne,  Gaatriloque.   One  who  pos-
 sesses the art of modifying his  natural voice, so
that  it seems to come from a greater or less dis-
tance, and from different directions.  It was for-
merly believed  that such persons spoke from the
belly; hence their name.  It is an  imitative art,
and  is  called Ventriloquism.   (F.)  Engaatri-
miame,  Engastrimysme.
  ENGEISOMA, Engisoma.
  ENG E LURE, Chilblain.
  ENGHIEN  MONTMORENCY,  MINERAL
WATERS OF.   A hydrosulphurous  water, four
leagues from Paris, near Montmorency, which is
possessed of some celebrity.  It contains chloride
of sodium, chloride of magnesium, sulphate of
magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate of magne-
sia, carbonate of lime, silica, sulphohydrate of
lime  and  magnesia, sulphohydric acid, carbonic
acid and azote.
  ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma,  Engizo'ma,  from
tyyifa,  'I approximate.'   (F.)  Embarrure.  A
species of fracture of the skull, in which a splin-
ter passes  beneath the sound portion of the bone,
and compresses the brain.—Galen.   Also, a kind
of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle.
  ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis.
  ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth.
   fNGOMPHOSIS,  Gomphosis.
   NGORGEMENT, from en, 'in,' and gorge,
'the  throat'  An  obstruction occurring  in the
vessels of  a  part, giving rise to  augmentation of
volume.   Congestion.
  ENGORGEMENT DES  MEMBRES  AB-
DOMINAUX A LA SUITE DES COUCHES,
 Phlegmasia dolens—e. nepatic, ITeputohasmia—
 e. Laiteux dea membrea abdominaux, Phlegmatia
 dolens.
   ENGOUEMENT (F.), Obatruc'tio,  Incr'tia,
 from angere, 'to  choke.'   Accumulation in a
 hollow  organ, of the matters secreted  by it or
 carried into it.  There is said to be Engonemeut
 dea bronchea, when the mucus accumulates in the
 bronchia; and  Engouement  dea infest ins, when
 the matters which ought to pass through the in-
 testines are detained; as in a case of strangulated
 hernia.
   ENG 01 'EMENT D ES P 0 UM ONS, E. of the
 lungs, in  Pathological Anatomy,   signifies that
 state of the lungs, in which a mixture of air and
 thin fluid escapes from them  when cut into.
   ENGOURDISSEMENT,  Torpor.
   ENGRENURE, Suture.
   ENHiEMATOSIS, Hasmatosis.
   ENIXA, Puerpera.
   ENIXIO F03TUS, Parturition.
   ENIXUS  FffiTUS, Parturition.
   ENKYSTE, Encysted.
   ENKYSTEMENT, Chotonnement.
   ENNEAPHAR'MACOS,  from  twca,  'nine,'
 and  tpappaxov, 'a  medicine.'   A medicine, com-
 posed of nine simple ingredients.  A pessary, so
 formed. — Galen, Paulus.  The Antid'otua Hera-
 cli'dia, described bjf Galen, and some plasters by
 Aetius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Ennea-
 pharmaca.—Gorraeus.
   ENOR'MON,  evoppwv, Hormon, Im'petum fa'-
 ciena, from ev, 'in,' and oppaw, 'I rouse,  'excite.'
 A word used by Hippocrates in  the same sense
 as vital principle is by modern physiologists.
   ENOSIS, Insertion.
   ENOSTOSIS, Entoato'sia,  from   ev, 'in,' and
 oartov, 'a bone.'   A morbid growth of bone in-
 wards—the opposite to exostosis.
   ENRYTH'MOS,from£y, and pvSpos, 'number.'
 Having rhythm. An epithet applied to the pulse
 when its  pulsations occur with some degree of
 order.  It is opposed  to Aryth'moa, and differs
 from Eurythmoa, which signifies 'regular.'
   ENROUEMENT, Raucedo.
   ENS.   A being.  Paracelsus meant,  by this
 term, the power exerted by certain beings on
 our body.  He speaks  of the Ens Dei,  the Ena
 Aatro'rum, the Ena natura'le, the Ens virtu'tis,
 Ena morbo'rum, Ena de poten'tibua spirit'ibua, Ac.
 These absurd denominations suggested  to some
 of the ancient chymists a name for certain chemi-
 cal preparations.   The muriate of ammonia and
iron was called Ena martia; the muriate of am-
monia and copper, Ens veneria; and Ena primvm
was,  with  the alchymists, the name  of a tincture
which they considered possessed of the power of
transmuting metals.
   Ens Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum—e. Veneris
Boylei, Ferrum ammoniatum.
   E N' SIF 0 R M,  Enaifor'mia,  from ensis, 'a
sword,' and forma, 'form.'  Sword-like.
   Ensiform Apoph'yses or Proc"esses are the
lesser alas of the sphenoid bone.
   Ensiform  Appen'dix or  Car'tilage  is the
xiphoid appendix  of the sternum,  Ac.   See Xi-
phoid.
   ENSIFORMIS,  Xiphoid.
   ENSI-STERNAL.   Relating to the  ensiform
process of the sternum.  Beclard gave this name
to the last osseous portion of the sternum. He
also  called it I'oa  ultimi-aternal.    See  Ultimo-

   ENSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation.
   ENSTALAX'IS, Instillation.
   EN'STROPHE,  from tv, 'in,' and arpitpw, 'I
turn.'  Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids. 
ENTABLEMENT             329              ENTEROCACE
  /,'V7\1 BLKMENT, Depression.
  ENTAILLE (¥.),  from en, 'in,' and tailler,
'to cut.'  Excia'io,  Ec'cope,  Ec'tome.  A deep
wound  made  by a sharp  instrument obliquely.
Entaillea  and Tuillades are, also, used to desig-
nate deep scarifications, made for the  purpose of
producing a speedy detjorgement of any tumefied
part;  such,  for  example,  as are made in  the
tongue in certain cases of glossitis.
   ENTANTIIEMA, Eisanthema,
   ENTASIA, Tonic  spasm—e. Articularis, Con-
tractus— e. Loxia,  Torticollis—'e. Priapismus,
Priapisrnus—e. Systremma, Cramp—e. Tetanus,
Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos—
e. Trismus,  Trismus.
   ENTASIS. Tonic spasm.
   ENTAT'ICUS, Intenslvus, from   tvreivw, 'I
make  tense.'  A medicine which  excites the ve-
nereal appetite.
   ENTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania.
   ENTELMINTHA, Worms.
   EXTENDEMENT, Intellect.
   ENTERAD'ENES, from evrepov, 'an intestine,'
and alnv, ' a gland.'   The mucous glands of the
intestines.  See Peyeri glandulas.
   ENTERADENOG'RAPIIY,  Enteradenogra'-
phia,  from evrepov, 'intestine,'-alnv, 'gland,' and
ypatpn. ' a description.'  A description of the in-
testinal glands.              .
   E N T E R A D E N 0L'OGY, Enteradenolog"ia,
from evrepov, 'intestine,' a<5>/i', 'gland,' and Xoyos,
 ' a treatise.'   That part of anatomy which  treats
 of the intestinal glands.
   ENTERAL'GIA,  Enterodyn'ia,  from evrepov,
 'intestine,'  and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the intes-
 tines.  Colic.
   Enteralgia Acuta, Enteritis — e. Inflamma-
 toria, Enteritis—e. Saturnina, Colica  metallica.
   ENTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Enterangi-
 emphraxis.
   ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Enteran-
 gemphrax'ia,  from evrepov, ' intestine,'  ayx^, ' I
 strangle,' and eptppaaaw, ' I obstruct'  Obstruction
 of the vessels of the  intestines.
   ENTERATROPHTA, Atroph'iaInteatino'rum,
 from evrepov,  'intestine,' and atrophia,  'want of
 nutrition.' Atrophy of the coats of the intestines.
   ENTERAUXE, from evrepov,  'intestine,' and
 aufij,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of the  muscular
 coat of the intestines.—Fuchs.
   ENTERECHE'MA, Son'itua inteatina'lia.  The
 sound of the movement of the intestines, heard
 by the stethoscope.
   ENTERECTASIS, Dilota'tio Inteatino'rum,
 from evrepov, ' intestine,' and  cxraais,  ' dilatation.'
 Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites.
   ENTERELCO'SIS, Enterhelco'ais, Enterohel-
 co'aia, from evrepov, ' intestine,' and 'eXxwais, ' ul-
 ceration.'  Ulceration of intestines — Ulcera'tio
 inteatina'lia,  Ul'cera inteatina'lia.
    ENTERELESIA, Ileus.
    ENTERELOSIS, Ileus.
    ENTEREMPHRAX'IS, Infarc'tns Inteatino'-
 rum,  Ineorcera'tio  inteatino'rum inter'na, (F. )
 Etranglement ties Inteatina,  E.  Inteatinale, from
 tvrrpoi', ' intestine,'  and  eptppal-is,  '  obstruction.'
  Obstruction of the Intestines from accumulation
 of fioces or otherwise.  Also, Enterangiemphraxis.
    ENTEREN'CHYTA, Enteren'chytes, from ev-
 repov,  'an  intestine,' tv,  'in,' and x€<0> 'I  pour.'
  Any surgical instrument for administering injec-
 tions.—Seultetus.
    ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele.
    ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from tvrt-
 pov,  'intestine,' cimrXoov,  'omentum,' tptpaXos,
 'navel,' and kijXtj, 'rupture.'  Hernia of the um-
 bilicus with protrusion of the omentum and in-
 testine.
   ENTERHELCOSIS, Entcrelcosis—e. Nervosa,
 Typhus (abdominal.)
   ENTERH YPERTROPH'IA, Hypertroph'ia in-
 teatino'rum, from evrepov,  'intestine,' and hyper-
 troph'ia, ' excessive nutrition.'   Hypertrophy of
 the coats of the intestines.
   ENTER'ICA, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine.' Dis-
 eases affecting the alimentary canal.  Order I.,
 Class I.  (Cceliaca,)  of  Good.   Also, medicines
 affecting the alimentary canal.
   ENTERITE FOLLICULEUSE, see Typhus
 —e. Typhohemique, Typhoid fever.
   ENTERI'TIS, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,' and
 t'tis, denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation of
 the intestines. Empres'ma Enteritis, Intestino'rum
 inflamma'tio,  Ileo-coli'tis, Chordap'sus,  Cduma
 Enteritis, Enterophlog"ia, Enterophlogo'sis,  Co'-
 lica acuta, C.  inflammato'ria, Ileus  inflammato'-
 rius, Enteralgia  acu'ta,  E.  Inflammato'ria, Fe-
 bria inteatino'rum, F. iliaca  inflammato'ria, En-
 terop'yra, (F.) Enterite, Inflammation desInteatins.
 The essential symptoms  of  this  disease are:—
 violent abdominal pain,  increased on  pressure;
 with vomiting and inflammatory fever. Enteritis
 may affect both the peritoneal and  the mucous
 coat of the intestines; and, in violent cases, all
 the  coats may be implicated.   The  structure of
 the  mucous and peritoneal coats is different; so
 are  their functions  in  health and disease.   The
 inflammation  of the serous  coat,  Sero-enteritia,
 resembles  that  of the  cellular membrane;  the
 inflammation  of the mucous coat that of the skin.
 The former is usually, therefore, of a more active
 character.  Inflammation of the  mucous  coat
 Eao - enteri'tia, Endo - enteritis,  Muco - enteritis,
 3Iucous  Enteritis, Phlegmymeni'tis  enter'ica, is
 generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho-
 logy is identical with that of dysentery. Inflam-
 mation of the  peritoneal coat is, on  the  other
 hand, generally attended with constipation.
    Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually
 is the meaning of  the word in the abstract, re-
 quires the most active treatment. Copious bleed-
 ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and,
 if the symptoms  be not  decidedly  ameliorated,
 repeating the bleeding and opium—warm fomen-
 tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be
 relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited
 until the inflammation and spasm are abated by
 the use of the bleeding and opium.  AVhen the
 physician is  called early, this plan will usually
 succeed.  Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro-
 nic state, requiring much careful  management.
 Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous
  coat of the  stomach and intestines as the proxi-
 mate  cause of the phenomena of fever.
    Enteritis  Arthritica, Cceliagra — e.  Colica,
  Colitis — e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e. Follicular,
  Typhoid fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhoid — e.
  Mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Mucous, see Ente-
  ritis—e. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis.
    ENTERO, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,' in com-
  pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow-
,  ing:—
     ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enterorrhex'ia, Perfora'tio
'  Intestino'rum, (F.) Perforation dea Inteatina, from
•  tvrtpov, 'an  intestine,'  and  fipwais, 'the act of
■  gnawing.'  Perforation of the intestines.
     ENTEROCACE, Dyaente'ria pu'trida seu ty-
  pho'dea seu acorbu'tica seu malig'na, from tvrtpov,
  ' an intestine,' and xaxos, ' evil.'  Adynamic dy-
  sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a
-  pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state of the
,  lining membrane of the large intestine. 
ENTEROCELE
330
ENTEROSTENOSIS
  ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia inteatina'lia, from ev-
repov, ' an  intestine,'  and /07X17, ' a hernia,'  ' tu-
mour.'  Abdominal hernia, which contains only
a portion of intestine,  is so called.
  ENTERO-CEPHALOPYRA  INFANTUM,
H3rdrocephalus Internus.
  ENTEROCCE'LICUS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,'
and xotXia,  ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating
to the cavity of the abdomen.
  ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from evrepov, 'an in-
testine,' xvans, ' a bladder,' and 1*17X77, ' a tumour.'
Hernia formed by the bladder and a portion  of
intestine.
  ENTERODAR'SIS, from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,'
and lapais,  ' skinning.'   Excoriation of the  mu-
cous membrane of the intestines.
  ENTERODOTHIENIA, Dothinenteritis.
  ENTERODYNIA,  Enteralgia.
  ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  Enterepiploce'le,
Her'nia inteatina'lia omenta'lis, from evrepov, ' in-
testine,' eirmXoov, 'the omentum,' and 107X17, 'tu-
mour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and omentum.
  ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov,
' intestine,' eiriirXoov, '  the omentum,'  and opipaXos,
' the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  containing
intestine and  omentum.  Almost all umbilical
hernias are of this kind.
  ENTEROG'RAPHY, Enterogra'phia, from tv-
rtpov, 'intestine,' and ypatpn,  'description.'  The
part of anatomy which describes the intestines.
  ENTERO-HJEMORRHAGIA, Hasmatochezia.
  ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis.
  ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from  tvrtpov, 'in-
testine,  'vlwp, 'water,'  and (07X17, 'tumour.'   In-
testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele.
  ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from evrepov,
'intestine,' 'vloip, 'water,' and optpaXos, 'the na-
vel.'  Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains,
along with a portion of intestine, a quantity of
serum.
  ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from  tvrtpov,  'in-
testine,'  toxtov, 'ischium,' and 107X17, 'tumour.'
Ischiat'ic hernia, formed of intestine.
  ENTEROLITH!'ASIS, from  evrepov,  'intes-
tine,' and XtSiaois, 'the formation of stone.'  The
formation of concretions in the intestines.
  ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach and
intestines — e. Bezoardus, Bezoar—e. Scybalum,
Scybala.
  ENTEROL'OGY,  Enterolog"ia,  from tvrtpov,
'intestine,' and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  The  part
of anatomy which treats of the intestines.
   ENTEROMALA'CIA, Enteromalax'ie, ( F.)
Ramolliaaement de I'Inteatin,  from tvrtpov, ' an in-
testine,' and  paXaaaw, ' I soften.' Softening of the
mucous or other coats of the intestine.
   ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia.
  ENTEROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
  ENTERO-MEROCE'LE, from tvrtpov,  'intes-
tine,' pnpos, 'thethigh,' and 107X17, 'tumour.'  Cru-
ral hernia, formed of  intestine.
  ENTERO-MESENTER'IC,  Entero-meaenter'-
icua.  Relating to the intestine and mesentery.
  ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIS.  MM.
Petit and  Serres have given this name to the
typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which the in-
testines are  ulcerated,  with  enlargement of the
corresponding mesenteric glands.  See Typhus.
  ENTER O-MESENTERITE,  Tabes mesen-
terica—e. Meaenterite typho'ide, see Typhus.
  ENTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.   One
of the algae, used by the Sandwich  Islanders as
an esculent.
  ENTEROMPHALOCELE, Enteromphalus.
  ENTEROM'PHALUS, Enteromphtl.oce'le, from
evrepov, ' intestine,' and op<paXos, ' umbilicus.' Um-
bilical hernia, formed of intestine.
  ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS, from  evrepov, 'in-
testine,' pvxos, 'slime,' lopa, 'skin,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the intestines.
  ENTERON, Intestine.
  ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  Enterople'gia,  Pa-
ralyaia  inteatino'rum,  from evrepov, 'intestine,'
irapaXvats, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the Intestines.
  ENTEROPARISAGOGE, Intussusceptio.
  ENTEROPATHI'A,-E»re/-oj3'at*.v, from evrepov,
'intestine,' and  irados, 'disease.'   Disease of the
intestines in general.
  ENTEROPATHl'A CANCERO'SA,  Enteroacir'rhua,
Enterosteno'sis scirrho'sa  seu organ'ica, Entcro-
sarco'mia, Indura'tio seu Scirrhus seu Cancer seu
Carcino'ma  Intestino'rum, (F.)  Cancer des Intea-
tina.  Cancer of the Intestines.
  ENTEROPERIS'TOLE, Enteroaphig'ma, Her-
nia incarcera'ta, Incarcera'tio inteatino'rum, from
evrepov,  ' intestine,'  and ttepiareXXw, ' I contract'
Constriction or obstruction of the intestines, from
a cause  which  acts either within the  abdomen,
or without it, as in  strangulated hernia.
  ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis.
  ENTEROPHLOGOSIS, Enteritis.
  ENTEROPHTHI'SIS, from evnpov, 'intestine,'
and tpdtais, 'consumption.'  Consumption of the
bowels.  Consumption owing to suppuration in
the intestines.
  ENTEROPHYMATA,  Tubereula  intestino-
rum.
  ENTEROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis.
  ENTEROPYRA, Enteritis.  Also, entero-me-
senteric fever.—Alibert.
  Enteropyra  Asiatica, Cholera — e. Biliosa,
Fever, Bilious.
  ENTERORRHAG"IA, from  tvrtpov, 'intes-
tine,' and 00717, 'violent  rupture.'  Hemorrhage
from the bowels.                         \
  Enterorrhagia  Simplex, Hasmatochezia.
  ENTERORRHA'PHIA, Enteror'rhaphe, from
tvrtpov,  'intestine,'  and patpn, 'a suture.' Suture
of the intestines, for the relief of injuries done to
them.
  ENTERORRHEU'MA, Rheumatie'mua Intesti-
no'rum, from evrepov, ' intestine,' and ptvpa, ' de-
fluxion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the intes-
tines.
  ENTERORRHEXIS, Enterobrosis.
  ENTERORRH03A, Diarrhcea, Melasna.
  ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from evrepov, 'intes-
tine,' oap!-, ' flesh,' and (07X17, ' a  tumour.'  Intes-
tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence,
or rather sarcocele.
  ENTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance-
rosa.
  ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE, Enteroachoce'le, from
evrepov,  ' an intestine,' oaxtov, ' the scrotum,'  and
107X17, ' tumour.'   Scrotal hernia consisting of in-
testine.
  ENTEROSCIRRHUS,  Enteropathia  cance-
rosa.
  ENTERO'SES, from tvrtpov, 'tin intestine.' A
class of diseases, comprehending all  those that
are seated in the intestines.—Alibert.
  ENTEROSPHIGMA, Enteroperistole.
  ENTEROSTENO'SIS, from evrepov, 'intestine,'
and arevwais, 'stricture.'  Stricture or constriction
of the intestines.   See Ileus.
  Enterostenosis  Volvulus,  Heus — e.  Orga- 
ENTfiROTOME
331
ENURESIS
ni'a, Enteropathia cancerosa — e. Scirrhosa, En-
teropathia cancerosa.
  ENTEROTOME,  Enterot'omua,  from evrepov,
'intestine,' and rcpvw, 'I cut.' A name given by
J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening
the intestinal canal through its whole extent  It
consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of which
is much longer than the other, and rounded at its
extremity.   This is passed into the  intestine.
  ENTEROTOMTA, Enterot'omy, same etymon.
In  anatomy, it signifies  dissection  of the  intes-
tines.  In  aurgcry, it means an operation, little
used, which consists in opening the intestines, in
order to evacuate the faecal matters accumulated
in it; for example, in certain cases  of hernia, ac-
companied  with  contraction of the intestinal
canal; in operations  for  an  artificial anus, per-
formed on  the  new-born, where the rectum is
imperforate or not existing, Ac.
   ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia.
   ENTEROTYPIIUS, see Typhus.
   ENTEROZOA, AVorms.
   ENTERYDROCE'LE. Enterohydroce'le, from
evrepov, 'intestine,' 'vlwp,  'water,' and (07X17, 'rup-
ture.'  Intestinal  hernia with hydrocele.
   ENTIIELMINTHES,  AVorms.
   ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania.
   ENTIILA'SIS, Esp>hla'aia, from tv, 'in,' and
5Xaw, 'I break.'  A fracture of the  cranium, with
comminution, in which the bone is depressed, or
has lost its level.
   Enthlasis Cranii, Effractura Cranii.
   ESTITE, Entity.
   EN'TITY, En'titaa, (F.) Entite, from ena, entia,
'a being.'  The  being or essence  of anything.
It  has been used somewhat vaguely, in modern
French medicine more especially, to signify ap-
parently a general or essential disease, the nature
and seat of  which  cannot  be determined.—
Nvsten.
   ENTOCELE, Ectopia.
   Entoce'le Lentis.  Dislocation of the crys-
talline into the anterior chamber of the eye.
   ENTOGONYAN'CON,  from  tvros, 'within,'
yow, 'the  knee,' and ayxwv, 'a bend.  Bending
of the knees inwards.  The state  of being knock-
kneed, or in-kneed.
   ENTOHYALOID MUSCE, see Metamor-
phopsia.
   ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm.
   ENTONIC, Enton'icua, from  ev,  denoting ex-
cess, and rovos, 'tone.'  Having great tension or
exaggerated action.
   EXTONNOIR,  Calix,  Infundibulum — e.  du
 Ycntrictde Moyen du Cerveau, Infundibulum  of
the brain.
   ENTOPARASITES, Worms.
   ENTOPIITHAL'MIA, from evros, 'within,'and
otpdnXpia, 'inflammation of the eye.'  Ophthalmia
alloc ting the interior of the eye.
   EN'TOPHYTE, Entoph'yton, from evros,  'with-
in,' nnd tpvrov,  'a vegetable.'  A  vegetable pa-
rasite.
   ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophyt'icua, same  etymon.
Of or belonging to an entophyte, — as 'an ento-
plivtic irrowth.'
   EXTORSE, Sprain.
   ENTOSTHETHIDIA, Entrails.
   ENTOSTHIA, Entrails.
   ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis.
   ENTOTORRHCEA, Otirrhcea.
   ENTOTOZ.KNA. Ozena.
   ENTOXIC ISM US, Poisoning.
   ENTOXISMUS. Poisoning.
   ENTOZOA. AVorms.
   ENTOZOAIRES, AVorms.
  ENTOZOARIA, Worms.
  ENTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis.
  ENTOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fol-
liculorum.
  ENTRAILLES, Entrails.
  EN'TRAILS,  Splanchna, Encce'lia,  Via'cere,
Entoathid'ia, Entoa'thia, Entoathethid'ia, Intera'-
nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming
from evrepov, 'intestine.'  It is  used for the vis-
cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and espe-
cially for those  in  the abdomen; Bowela, Guts,
(F.) Entraillea, Fi«ce>es.
  ENTRE-FESSON, Chafing.
  ENTRICHO'MA,  from tv, 'in,' and rptxwpa,
'hair.'  The tarsal cartilage, and the edge of the
eyelids, in which the cilia are implanted.
  ENTROPTON, Entrop'ium,  from tv, 'in,' and
rpttrw, ' I turn.' Inrer'sio palpebra'rum, Capillit"-
ium,  Trichlaaia, Introsuscep'tio entropium, Ble-
pharelo'eia, Blepharopto'ais entropium, Tri'chia,
Tricho'ais.   A name given to  the  inversion  or
turning inwards of the eyelids, so that the eye-
lashes are directed towards the globe of the eye;
irritate and inflame it, and give rise to the affec-
tion called Trichlaaia.
  The contact of the hair with  the surface of tho
eye occasions  considerable irritation of the con-
junctiva, which  is soon followed  by chemosis,
ulceration of the eye, and  other symptoms, such
as fever, watchfulness, Ac
  If the disease  be  entropion, as above defined,
that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye-
lids, it must be remedied, — either by  dispersing
the oedema or swelling of the eyelids,  or by cut-
ting out  a portion of the skin.   When  the disease
is 'dependent on  a vicious  direction of the cilia,
they must be plucked out and  the bulbs be cau-
terized.
  ENTROPIUM, Entropion.
  ENTYPOSIS,  see Glene.
  ENUCLEA'TION, Enuclea'tio, from enuclcarc,
(e,  and  nucleus,) 'to take out a kernel.'  This
term  has been proposed for the operation of re-
moving tumours, Ac, without cutting into them.
—Percy.
  The word is used  in Pharmacy, for the opera-
tion of shelling  or removing the kernels of any
nut.
  ENULA  CAMPANA, Inula Helenium.
  ENU'LON, from tv, 'in,' and ovXov, 'the gum.'
The inner part of the gums.  The external  part
was called ovXor, and that between the teeth apuoc.
—Pollux.                                r
  ENURE'SIS, from  tvovptw, (tv, and ovpew,) 'I
void the urine in bed.'   Paru'ria iucon'tinens,
Incontinentia urlna,  Excre'tio Urina involun-
ta'ria,  Mic'tio  involunta'rio,  E.  inopjiortu'na,
 Uracra'tia, Urorrhae'a, Perirrhce'a, Strangu'ria,
(Galen.) Anischu'ria,  Hyperure'sia,   Diam'nea,
Involuntary discharge  of urine, Incontinence  of
urine. This affection is most common in advanced
life.  It may depend on too great irritability of
the bladder, or on  distension, or injury of the
fibres  about  its  neck, paralysis of the or°-an,
 Cyato-paral'yaia,  Cyato-ple'gio, the  presence" of
an  irregularly shaped calculus impacted in  the
urethra  near its  commencement; rupture of the
bladder and urethra;  renal disease ; or on pres-
sure exerted  on the bladder  by the  distended
womb or by a tumour.  It often occurs after dif-
ficult labour, but generally yields, in  the  course
of  a week or ten days; the catheter being intro-
duced twice a day in the mean  time.
  The treatment must of  course vary according
to the cause; and when the affection, on which it
is dependent,  cannot be removed, the discharge
of  urine may  be  prevented by  exerting a degr«o 
EN VIE
332
EPICANTIIIS
of compression on the urethra, by means of ap-
propriate instruments; or a urinal may be em-
ployed to receive the urine as it passes off.
  ENV1E, Hangnail,  Malacia, Nasvus — e. de
 Vomir, Nausea.
  ENYPNION, Somnium.
  ENYSTRON, Abomasus.
  ENZOOTIA, Enzooty.
  ENZOOTY, Enzoot'ia, (F.) Enzo'otie,  from tv,
 'in,' and rwov, 'animal.'  An endemic disease at-
 tacking animals.
  EP, EPH, EPI, or, etp, tin, 'upon, above;' in
 composition,  generally means, ' augmentation,
 addition, increase, reciprocal action, repetition.'
 Hence :
  EPACMAS'TICOS,  from tut, and axpafy, 'I
 increase.'  An  epithet applied  to fevers, Febrcs
 epacmas'tica, whose symptoms go on augmenting
 in violence, from  the commencement to the ter-
 mination.  Such  fevers are, also, caUed Epana-
 dldon'tes.
  EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce.
  EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis.
  EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis. ■
  EPANASTASIS, Pustule.  The formation of
 a tumour.  The breaking out  of an eruption —
 Erup'tio exonthe'matis.
  EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, Swelling.
   EPANCHEMENT, Effusion.
   EPANESIS, Remission.
   EPANETUS, Remittent—e. Hectica,  Hectic
 fever — e.  Malignus  flavus,  Fever,  yellow — e.
 Mitis, Remittent  fever.
   EPANORTHOSIS,  Restauratio.
   EPANTHEMA, Exanthem.
   EPANTHISMA, Exanthem.
   EPAPH^E'RESIS,  from  tiratpaiptw,  'I  take
 away.'   Repetlta subla'tio vel evacua'tio.   A re-
 peated abstraction or evacuation. It was formerly
 used synonymously with repeated bloodletting;
 Phlebotom'ia itera"ta.—Galen.
   EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
   E PAR MA, Tumour.
   EPARSIS, Tumour.
   EPAULE, Humerus.
   EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum.
   EPENDYMA, Membrane.
   Epen'dyma  Ventriculo'rum,  En'dyma  seu
 Tndumen'tum ventriculo'rum, from tin, 'upon,' and
 tvlvw, 'I enter;'  hence, eirevlvpa, 'an upper gar-
 ment or cloak.'   The lining membrane  of the
 ventricles of the brain, formed  by a prolongation
 of the pia mater,  and probably  also of the arach-
 noid.
   EPERON,  Hippocampus minor — i. des  Ar-
 teres, Spur.
   EPER VIER, Accipiter.
   EPER VIE RE DES MURAILLES,  Hiera-
 cium murorum.
   EPHEBiE'ON,  from em,  'upon,'  and  '17,81;,
 ' pubes.'  The parts  of generation :  also,  the re-
 gion of the pubes, as well as the hair upon the
 pubes.  It meant likewise a part  of the ancient
 gymnasium  in which the rhetoricians, philoso-
 phers, Ac, disputed.
   EPHEBEUM, Mons veneris.
   EPHE'BIA, Ephebi'a,  Pubertas.  Same ety-
 mon.  The age of puberty.
   EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty.
   EPHEBOTES, Puberty.
  ^EPHE'BUS, Pubens, Puber,  (F.) Pubkre,
 Ephebe.   One who has  attained the age of pu-
 berty.
   EPHEDRANA, Nates.
   EPHEL'CIS, from tin, 'upon,' and 'cXkos, 'an
 ulcer.  The  crust or scab of an ulcer.
  EPHELIDE  SCORBUTIQUE, Chloasma.
  EPIIE'LIDES, from  tm, 'upon,'  and 'nXios,
' the sun.'  Epichro'aia,  Mae'ulo sola'ris, Mac'-
ula fusca, M. lenticula'rcs, Ephe'lis  lentic'ula,
Vitilig"ines, Phaci, Pannus lenticuhlris, Lentic'-
ula,  Lentigo, Ephelis Lentigo,  Ephelis d  soli,
Aigre'do a sole, Spilo'sis ephelis, jEsttt'tcs, EJJila,
Freckles, Sunburn, (F.) Taches de roussure, Hale.
This term includes not only the yellow Icntigines,
which appear on persons of a fair skin, and tho
larger brown patches, which also arise from ex-
posure to the  direct rays of the sun, but also
those large dusky patches which  are very similar
in appearance,  but occur on other  parts of the
surface, that are constantly covered.  See Chlo-
asma.  They do not  extend farther than the  skin.
Many cosmetics have  been recommended for
their removal. Simple spirituous lotions or weak
mineral acids, applied a few times in the day, are
as effectual as any other means.
  EPHELIS, see Ephelides — e. Lentigo, Ephe-
lides—e. a Sole,  Ephelides.
  EPHELOTES, Leucoma.
  EPHEM'ERA, Dia'ria, from en, 'during,' and
'npepa, 'a day.'  That  which continues a  day.
This epithet is given to diseases, and particularly
to fevers, which  last only a day.—Febris dia'ria,
Ephemerop'yra,  Febris simplex,  F.  Ephe'mera,
Febric'ula, Ephem'eral Fever, Diary Fever,  Sim-
ple  Fever.  The term  prolonged ephem'era is
sometimes used  for fevers, which cease after two
or three  days' duration.
   Ephemera  Anglica  Pestilens,  Sudor angli-
cus—e. Britannica, Sudor Anglicus—e. Maligna,
Sudor Anglicus—e. Mortifera, Plague—e. Pesti-
lentialis, Plague—e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglicus.
   EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera.
   EPHEMERUS, Quotidian.
   EPHIALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA,Incubus
vigilantium—e.  Nocturnus, Incubus—e. Vigilan-
tium, Incubus vigilantium.
   EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Ephidrosen. A divi-
sion  of  the family Ekzematosen  of Fuchs,
comprising morbid  varieties of sweating.
   EPHIDRO'SIS,  from em, 'upon,' and 'ilpow,
'I sweat'  Hidro'sis, Idro'sis.  A copious sweat.
   Ephidrosis Profu'sA, E. sponta'nea, E.  idio-
 path'ica, Hydropede'sis, Exsuda'tio,  Exutla'lio,
Hyperephidro'sis, Hyperhydro'aia, Hydrorrhea'a,
Hidropede'aia, (F.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive
sweating, including debility and emaciation.  A
colliquative sweat.  Such  copious perspirations
are  generally owhag to debility of the exhalante,
and require the Tise of tonics, especially of the
mineral acids, opium, Ac.
   Ephidrosis,  Desudatio — e.  Cruenta,  Sudor
 cruentus—e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis.
   EPHIPPIUM, Pituitaria fossa, Sella Turcica.
   EPH'ODOS,  from cm,  ' upon,' and 'oi5os, ' a
 way,' ' a road or avenue to a place.' Hippocrates
 uses this word in three  senses : 1. For the vessels
 or canals, which give passage to the excrements
 of the body. 2. For a periodical attack or acces-
 sion of fever; and  3. For the approach of similar
 or dissimilar things which may be useful or hurt-
 ful  to the body.—Castelli.
   EPI, Spica.
   EPI'ALOS, Hepialoa.  A name  given by the
 ancients to fever, when  the hot stage was mingled
 with  irregular  chills.  Also, the cold stage of
 fever.
   EPIALTES, Incubus.
   EPIAMA,  Lenitive.
   EPIAN. Frambcesia.
   EPIBLEMA. Catablema.
   EPIBOLE, Incubus.
   EPICANTIIIS,  Canthus. 
EPICAUMA               333
  Eimcan'this, from tm, 'upon,' and *nvOo', 'the
angle of the eye.' A defective formation, in which
a fold of  skin  passes from  the root of the nose
over the inner canthus of the eye.
  EPICAR'PIUM, Pericar'pium, from em, 'up-
on,' and xapiros, ' the wrist' An application made
to the wrists or to the region of the pulse was so
called.
  EPICAUMA, Encauma.
  El'ICAUSIS, Encauma.
  EPICERASTICA, Emollients.
  EPIC HOLDS, Bilious.
  EPICIIORDIS, Mesentery.
  EPICH0R1ON, Decidua.
  EPICHORIUM, Epidermis.
  EPICIIRISIS, Inunctio.
  EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'aia, from tm, and ^poi/ia,
' colour.'  Simple discoloration of the surface.—
Good.  Ephelides.
  Epichrosis Spilt, see Nasvus
  EPICIIYSIS,  Affusion.
  EPIC(E'MASIS,  from  tmxotpaopat,  (em,  and
xotuaopai,) 'to lie down forest,' 'to sleep.'  De-
rilbitus ad  dormien'dum et Dormil'io.  The po-
sition of sleeping, as well  as sleeping itself.
  EPICOL'IC, from £7ri, 'upon,' and xwXov,  'the
colon.' The epicolic regions, regio'nes cpicolica,
are those  parts of the abdomen which correspond
to the colon.
   EPICOLLESIS, Agglutination.
   EPICON'DYLE, Epicon'dylus, from tiri, 'upon,'
and  xovlvXos, ' a condyle.'   A name given, by
 Chaussier, to an eminence at the outer part of the
inferior extremity of the  os humeri; so called,
 because'it is seated above the condyle.  The epi-
 condyle  gives attachment to the  outer lateral
 ligament  of the elbow joint, and to a very strong
 tendon to which several  of  the  muscles of the
 posterior  part of the forearm are attached.
   EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus—
 c. Radial, Supinator radii brevis — e. Sus-meta-
 carpien, see Radialis—e. Sus-phalangettien  com-
 mun, Extensor digitorum  communis—e. Sus-pha-
 langettiendupetit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi
 digiti.
   EPICOPIIO'SIS, fromtm, 'upon,' and xwtpwais,
 ' deafness.'   Deafness  supervening on  another
 disease.
   EPICRA'NIUM, from em, 'upon,' and xpaviov,
 'the cranium.'  A name  given to different parts
 seated on the cranium.  The  skin, aponeurosis
 between  the occipital  and frontal muscles, and
 the whole of the scalp, have been so called. Portal
 includes  under this name  the  occipito-frontalis
 muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante-
 rior auricular muscles.  The pericranium.
   EPICRANHIS,  Occipito-frontalis.
   EPICRA'SIS, Contempera'tio, from  emxtpavvv-
 pt, (t-i, and xepavvvpi, 'I mix,') 'I temper.'  A
 term used by the humourists for an amelioration
 of the humours.   They called Cure by Epicrasis,
 —per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined
 alteratives, which  they supposed to be possessed
 of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated
 humours.
   EPICROUSTS. Percussion.
   EPICTENICM.  Pubes.
   EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases.
   EPICA'EMA, see Superfietation.
   EPICA'ESIS, Superfoetation.
   EPICYLH'M. see Palpebra.
   EP1CYSTOTOMIA. see Lithotomy.
   EPIDEIS1S, Deligation.
   EPIDEMIC, Epide'mius, Epidem'icus,  ( F.)
  Epidemiquc.  Same etymon as Epidemy.  Ap-
  pertaining  to an epidemy.  An  epidemy.
   Epidemic Constitution, Epidemy—e. Disease,
  Epidemy—e. Influence, see Epidemy.
               EPIDIDYMIS

  EPIDEMICITE, see Epidemy.
  EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy.
  EPIDEMIOLOG"IA, from tm, 'upon,' lVpof,
' the people,' and  Xoyos, ' a  description.'  The
doctrine of epidemics.
  EPIDEMIQUE, Epidemy.
  EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy.
  EP'IDEMY,  Epidcm'ic, Epide'mia,  Morbua
pub'licus, M. populilris, E. epidem'icus seu epi-
de'mius, (F.) Epidemie ; Epidem'ic disease, Epi-
dem'ic influence, Epidem'ic constitution ; from tm,
' upon,' and  Inpos, ' the people.'  A disease which
attacks at the same time a number of individuals,
and  which is  depending upon  some  particular
constitutio aerie, or condition of the atmosphere,
with which  we  are  utterly ignorant.  It differs
from endemic, the latter being owing to locality;
but it is obvious, that should a  particular epide-
mic constitution of the  air—epidemic"ity, (F.) epi-
demicite—exist along with a favouring endemic
condition, these combined influences may act in
the causation of several of those serious and fatal
complaints,  which  at  times visit a district,  and
are never afterwards  met  with, or at least  not
until after the lapse of a considerable period.
  EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see A^anilla.
  EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhia,  Hypod'eria, Hypo-
der'mia, Hypoder'rhia, from tm,  ' upon,' and lepas,
' the  skin.'  This word,  with some, means  the
nymphas ; with others, the  clitoris;  with  others,
again, the prepuce of  the clitoris.
  EPIDERM^f Epidermis.
  EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis.
  EPIDER'MIC, Epiderm'icus, Epidemiol, Epi-
derma'lia; same etymon as  epidermis. Belonging
to the epidermis,—as
  EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic.
  EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'si, from
tmleppis, 'epidermis,'and voo-os, 'disease.'  Dis-
eases of the epidermis.
  EPIDERMION, Epidermis.
  EPIDER'MIS, Epider'mion, Epider'matia,
Epider'mo,  Epicho'rium, Sum'mitas cutia, Cutic'-
ula,  C. ex'tima,  C. extre'ma,  Cutia extimo, C.
summo, C. ultima, Pellis summa, Pellic'ula aum-
 ma, P. supe'rior,  Lam'ina  prima cutis, Opercu-
 lum cutis, from eiri, 'upon,' and leppa, 'the  truo
 skin.' Scarf-skin, cuticle.  (F.) Surpeau, Cuticule.
 A transparent, dry,  thin membrane, devoid of
 nerves and vessels, which  covers all the surface
 of the body, except the parts that correspond to
 the nails.  It appeals to consist of minute scales,
 placed one above the  other.  Chaussier considers
 it to be formed and reproduced by an excretory
 action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish,
 which prevents the immediate contact of bodies
 with the nervous papilla;, and consequently to
 deaden tactile impressions, which, without its in-
 tervention,  might be painful.   The Epider'mic,
 Epider'meous,  or Epidermoid  (as Bichat called
 it) System, in  general anatomy, comprises three
 parts.  1.  External  Epidermis.  2.  Epidermis
 spread over the mucous  membranes.   3.  The
 Nails and Hair.
   Epidermis Linguae, see Tongue.
   EPIDERRHIS,  Epideris.
   EPIDERRIIITIS, Nymphitis.
   EPIDESIS, see Bandage—e. Hasmostasia, Li-
 gature.
   EP1DESMIS,  Epidesmus.
   EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus.
   EPIDES'MUS, Epides'mia, Epidea'mum.Super-
 ligo'men, from tm,  'upon,' and Sew, 'I bind.'  A
 Fascia, bandage or ligature, by which dressings
 are secured.—Hippocrates.           >■■•
   EPIPID'YMIS, from tm,  'upon,'and 'i^vUre,
 'a testicle.'  Epidid'ymus, Did'ymia, Paras'tarn, 
EPIDIDYMITIS              33.
Teatic'ulus acceao'rius, Caput testis, Corpus rari-
co'sum sou varicifor'me  teatia, Supergemina'lia,
(F.) Corpua variqueux ou variciforme. That which
is placed, upon the testicle.  A small, oblong, ver-
miform, grayish body, lying  along the superior
margin  of the testicle.  The Epididymis  is a
canal, formed by the union of all the seminiferous
vessels  folded  several  times upon  themselves,
after having traversed the Corpua Highmoria'-
num.  Its lower portion or tail, Cauda  vel globus
minor, is curved upwards, and is continuous with
the vas deferens; the opposite extremity is called
the head, globua major.  The length of this canal,
folded as it is upon itself and describing numerous
curvatures, is, according to Munro, 32  feet.
  EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis — e. Blennor-
rhagic, Hernia  humoralis.
  EPID'OSIS, from tm, 'upon,'  and lilwpt, ' to
give.'  Augmentation, increase.  A word applied
to the natural increase of the  body, or to the in-
crease of a disease.
  EPID'ROME, Epidrom'ia, Epiph'ora, from
tmlpepw,  (t-i, and Ipepw,) 'I run upon.' An afflux
or congestion of humours.—Galen.
  EPIDROMIA, Epidrome.
  EPIFAGUS  AMERICANUS,  OrobancheVir-
giniana—e. Virginianus, Orobanche Virginiana.
  EPICE'A REPENS, Trailing Ar'butua,Ground
Laurel, Mayflower.   A  small, trailing plant,  of
the Family  Ericaceae,  which grows  in sandy
woods, or in rocky soil, especially in the shade
of pines.   Its flowers appear earlv in spring, and
exhale a rich, spicy fragrance. ~T/he leaves and
stems are prepared and used like uva ursi.
  EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from tmyaarpiov,   'the
epigastrium,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain at  the
epigastrium.
  EPIGAS'TRIC,  Epigaa'tricus, Epigas'trius,
from £77i,  'upon,' and yaarnp, 'the  stomach.'  This
name has been  given to several parts.
  Epigastric Ar'tery, Arte'ria epigas'trica, A.
sua-piibienne, (Ch.)  It arises from the external
iliac, on  a level with the crural arch ; sometimes
by a trunk proper to it, at others by one com-
mon to  it and the Obturator artery.   It  ascends
upwards  and inwards, behind the  spermatic cord,
follows the outer edge  of the rectus abdominis
muscle, and anastomoses, towards the umbilicns,
with the internal mammary.   The epigastric ar-
tery anastomoses, also, with the obturator, sper-
matic, lumbar, and intercostal vessels.
  Epigastric Region, Regia epigas'trica, R. car-
diaca, R. stomach'ica, R. stomacha'lis, is the su-
perior region of the abdomen, comprised between
the false ribs on  each side, and extending from
the lower surface of the diaphragm to two fingers'
breadth above the umbilicus.   It  is divided into
three  parts, one middle,  the epigaa'trium,—and
two lateral, the hypochon' dria.
  Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same course
as the artery.
  EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric.
  EPIGAS'TRIUM.  Same etymon. The belly;
the epigastric region.
  EPIGASTRIUS, Epigastric.
  EPIGASTROCE'LE, from tm,  'upon,' yatrrnp,
'the stomach,' and 107X17,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia,
formed by the stomach ;  Gas'troce'le.  This name
has been  given more especially to hernia, which
occurs towards the upper  part of the linea alba
or in  the epigastric region, whether formed or
not by the stomach.
  EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis.
  EPIGEN'ESIS,  from tm, 'upon,' and ytvtats,
•generation.'  A theory of conception, according
to which the new being is created entirely anew;
ard receives at once from each  parent the ma-
4                EPILEPSY

terials necessary for its formation.  Also, a new
formation.
   Epigenesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen-
ne'ma, is, also, applied to any symptom occurring
during  a disease, without changing its nature.
An accessory symptom.   Epiginom'enos,  Super-
ve'niens, has a similar acceptation.
   EPIGINOMENOS, see Epigenesis.
   EPIGLOTTIC,  Epiglolticus:  same etymon.
Relating to the epiglottis.
   Epiglottic Gland, Periglot'tis, Caro glandu-
lo'sa.  A collection of small, glandular granula,
situate  in the adipose,  areolar texture at  the
base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a
triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy-
rohyoid  membrane  and thyroid  cartilage.  It
pours out an unctuous and  mucous fluid, which
lubricates  the epiglottis, keeps it supple and
movable, and prevents  the larynx from  being
irritated by the constant passage  of the air, in
the act of respiration.
   EPIGLOT'TIS, from tm, 'upon,' and yXwrns,
' the glottis.' Epiglot'tic cartilage, Lig'ula, Oper-
culum laryn'gis, Lingua Ex'igua, Lin'gula fls'tu-
la, Sublin'guum, Superlig'ula.  A fibro-cartilage,
situate  at the upper  part of the larynx, behind
the base of the tongue. Its form is  oval; texture
elastic; thickness greater below than above, and
greater in the middle than at the  sides.  By its
smaller extremity,  which is the lower, it  is at-
tached to the thyroid cartilage; its two surfaces
are  covered by  the  mucous  membrane of the
pharynx  and larynx.  The  special use of the
epiglottis would seem to be to cover the glottia
accurately at the moment  of deglutition, and,
thus, to assist in opposing the passage of alimen-
tary substances into the  air tubes.
   EPIGLOTTITIS,  Inflamma'tio  Epiglot'tidis,
(F.) Inflammation  de I'Epiglotte,   Angi'na epi-
glottide'a.   Inflammation of the epiglottis.
   EPIGLOT'TUM.  An instrument, mentioned
by Paracelsus, for raising the  eyelids.  It resem-
bled the epiglottis in  shape.
   EPIGLOU'TIS, from  em, 'upon,' and yXovros,
'the buttocks.' The superior region of the nates.
—Gorraeus.
   EPIGONATIS, Patella.
   E PIG'ONE, Gone, Hypoph'ysis, Progen'ies,
Proles, Sob'oles, Sub'oles, from  £7ri, ' upon,' and
yovn, 'sperm.'  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also, Su-
perfcetation.
   EPIGONION, Foetus.
   EPIGONIS, Patella.
   EPIGONON, Superfcetation.
   EPIGOUNIS, Patella.
   EPIGUNIS, Patella.
   EPILATORIUM,  Depilatory.
   EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy.
   EPILENTIA, Epilepsy.
   EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy —e. Acuta Infantum,
Eclampsia — e. Algetica, see Algos — e. Febrilia
infantum, Eclampsia—e. Nocturna, Incubus—e.
Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum—e. Saltatoria, Cho-
rea— e. Uterina, Lorind matricis.
   EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy—e. Uterine,  Hysteria
—e. Vertige, see  Epilepsia.
   EP'ILEPSY, 'i£pi7  vovaos, atXnvaia vovaos, Epi-
lepsia, Epilepsia,  Epilemp'sia, Epilcn'tia, Sys-
pa'eia Epilepaia, Catalen'tia, Deciden'tia, Pas'sio
cadlva, Morbus comil'ialia,   M.   cadu'cua,  M.
Hercu'leua,  Heracle'ua morbus,  M. aacer, M. as-
tra'lia,  M. aidera'tua,  M. damoni'ocus, M. Sanctt
Johan'nie, M. fcedus, Hieran'oaua, M. puerlha,
Deprehen'aio, Clonos  epilep'aia, Hieran'oaoa, Pre-
hen'aio,  Perdil'io,  Epilep'tica paa'aio, Morbua
magnua, M. Major, M. Interlu'niua, M. divlnut,
M. damo'nius, M.  aon'ticua,  M. eelenlacus, M. 
                 EPILEPTIC

lunat'icus, M. mensa'lis, M. deif'icus, M. sceles'-
tus, M. vitriola'tua, M. viridcl'lus, M. Sancti Vo-
lenti ni, Malum eadu'cum, Analep'eia, Catapto'aia,
Inao'nia cad Iva, Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu'ea pae'-
sio, Luea divlna,  Vil'ium eadu'cum seu divlnum
seu Hercu'leum, Falling aickneaa, (F.) Mal endue,
Mal divin, Mal Saint-Jean, Mal de Terre, Haut-
mal.  The word  is derived  from emXapjiavw, ' I
seize upon.'  It is a disease  of the brain, which
may either be idiopathic or symptomatic, sponta-
neous or accidental, and which occurs in parox-
ysms, with uncertain  intervals between.   These
paroxysms are characterized by loss of sensation
and convulsive  motions of the muscles.  Fre-
quently, the fit attacks suddenly; at other times,
it is preceded  by indisposition, vertigo, and  stu-
por.  At times, before the loss of consciousness
occurs, a sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence
called aura epilep'tica.  This appears to rise in
some part of the body,  proceeds towards the
head; and as soon as it has reached the brain
the patient falls  down.  The  ordinary duration
of a fit is from 5 to  20 minutes.  Sometimes it
goes off in a few seconds; at  others, it  is pro-
tracted  for hours.  In all cases, there is a loss
of sensation, sudden  falling down, distortion of
the eyes and face;  countenance of a red, purple
or violet colour; grinding of the teeth; foaming
at the mouth ; convulsions of the limbs; difficult
respiration,  generally stertorous;  with,  some-
times, involuntary discharge of fasces and urine.
After the fit, the patient retains not the least re-
collection of  what has passed, but remains, for
eorae time, affected with head-ach, stupor,  and
lassitude.
  The disease is  in the brain, and is generally
organic; but  it may be functional and sympto-
matic of irritation in  other parts, as in the  sto-
mach, bowels, Ac. The prognosis,  as to ultimate
recovery, is unfavourable. It does  not, however,
frequently destroy life, but is apt to lead to men-
tal  imbecility.  Dissection has not thrown light
on its pathology.
  To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom-
panied by convulsions, as is sometimes the case,
the French give  the  name Petit-mal, and Epi-
lepaie Vertige.  AVhen furious  mania succeeds to
a paroxysm, it is termed Mania epileptica  and
Epileptic Delirium.
  In the treatment,  the cause must  be  sought
after, and if possible removed.  In the paroxysm,
but little can  be done; but as the tongue is liable
to be injured  by the teeth, the  jaws may be kept
open by putting a cork or piece of wood between
them.  If the fit has been brought on by indi-
gestible food, the stomach must be cleared.  It
is between the paroxysms that the great effort
must be made.  Generally, there is considerable
irritability and debility of the nervous system,
and hence tonics have been found the best reme-
dies.  Of these, perhaps the most powerful, in
epilepsy, is the argenti nitraa,  given regulajly
and continued for months, if necessary.   Prepa-
rations of iron, copper, nnd zinc, have also been
used, and vegetable tonics and  antispasmodics in
general.   Counter irritants,  as  blisters,  moxa,
Ac, may be employed, if necessary, along with
this course.
  Unfortunately,  in many cases, these means are
found insufficient, and all that  can be done is to
palliate, removing carefully the exciting causes;
such as  the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo-
tions, violent exercise, Ac; and regulating the
diet.
  EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticua, Epilep'tua, Lunat'-
icus, Cadu'cane ;  same etymon.   One attacked
with epilepsy.  Any thing relating to epilepsy;
us an epilep'tic individual;  an epilep'tic symp-
5               EPIPHORA

torn.  Some authors also speak of epileptic reme-
dies.
  EPILEP'TOID, Epileptoldea ; same etymon.
Resembling epilepsy—as ' epileptoid symptoms.'
  EPILO'BIUM  AUGUSTIFO'LIUM,  Great
 Willow herb.  An indigenous plant, Order, Ona-
graceae, which flowers in July.  The root is emol-
lient and slightly astringent.
  Epilobium Colora'tum, Purple-veined Willoio
herb, has similar properties.
  Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant,
is used at the  Cape  of Good Hope as a domestio
remedy for cleansing foul ulcers.
  EPIM'ANES.  A name given to a  maniac
when in a paroxysm.
  EPIMELE'TAI, from tmptXtopai, (tm, and
peXw,)  'I  take care  of.'  A name by which the
ancient Persians called the curers of wounda, who
followed their armies.
  EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from £iri, and petpw,
' I divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse when
unequal.—Galen.
  EPINARD, Spinacia — e. Sauvage, Chenopo-
dium bonus Henricus.
  EPINE, Spine—e". du Doa, Arcrtebral column
—e. Gutturale, Nasal spine, inferior and posterior
— e. Sphenoidale, Sphenoidal spine — e. Vinette,
Oxycantha Galeni.
  EPINEMESIS, Dispensation.
  EPINEPH'ELOS, Nubilo'aue.  Presenting  a
cloud.   Applied to the urine.—Hippocrates.
  EPINEUX, Spinous — i. du Doa,  grand, Spi-
nalis dorsi major: see Interspinals dorsi et lum-
borum— e". du Doe, petit, see Interspinales dorsi
et lumborum.
  EPINGLE, Pin.
  EPINIERE, Spinal.
  EPINOTION, Scapula.
  EPINYCTIDES,  from tm,  'upon.' and vvS,
'the night'  Eruptions which appear on  the skin
in the night, and disappear in the day.  Pus'tula
livens et noc'tibus inquie'tans.—Pliny.
  EPINYCTIS  PRURIGINOSA, Urticaria.
  EPIONE, Decidua.
  EPIPAROXYS'MUS.  A   paroxysm super-
added to an ordinary paroxysm.
  EPIPASTUM, Catapasmum.
  EPIPE'CHU, emirnx",  from tm,  'upon,' and
irnx^s,  ' the elbow.'  The upper  part of the elbow.
—Gorrasus.
  EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva.
  EPIPILEXOM'ENON,  Post appa'rens ;  same
etymon.   Any kind of adventitious symptom
which occurs during the progress of an affection :
and which is  not as intimately connected with
the existence  of the  disease  as  the symptoms
properly so called.
  EPIPHA'NIA, from £iri, 'upon,' and tpaivw, 'I
exhibit.'   The* external  appearance of the body.
—Castelli.
  EPIPH'LEBUS,  from tm, 'upon,' and tpXe^p,
'a vein.'  An  epithet given to  those whose veins
are very apparent,—Hippoc, Aretasus.
  EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation.
  EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous inflamma-
tion.
  EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis.
  EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma, Lachryma'tio, De-
lachryma'tio, Rlachryma'tio, Stillicid turn lachry-
ma'rum, Oc'ulus lach'rymane; from t-itpepw, (tm,
and cptpw,) 'I carry to.'  AATeeping.  (F.) Larmoie-
ment.   The  watery  eye; — an  involuntary and
constant flow of tears upon the cheek.   It is al-
most always symptomatic of some disease of the
lachrymal passages, and occurs when the  tears
cannot pass into the ductii8 ad nasum.   Ocea-
3 
EPIPHYMATA
336
EPIPLOSCHEOCELE
 sionally, it is owing to the  tears being secreted
 in too great quantity ; as in certain cases of oph-
 thalmia.   The treatment must of  course be di-
 rected to the removal of the cause.
   EpipnORA, Epidrome, Ophthalmia—e. Alvi,
 Diarrhoea—e. Ptyalismus,  Salivation.
   EPIPHA'MATA, Cutaneous diseases.
   EPIPHYSIS, Additamen'tum, fromiiri, 'upon,'
 and tpvw, ' I arise.'  Any portion of a bone, sepa-
 rated from the body of the bone by a cartilage,
 which becomes converted into bone by age.  The
 epiphysis of the  foetus becomes the apophysis of
 the adult
   Epiphysis Cruris  Longioris Incudis, Os or-
 biculare.
   EPTPHYTE,  Epiph'yton,  from £*•<, 'upon,'
 and  tpvrov, * a plant'  A parasite  derived  from
 the vegetable  kingdom.  Epiphytes are divided
 by Vogel into  1. ATegetations in the  human fluids,
 as the tor'ula cerevis'ia in vomited  fluids and
 fascal evacuations,  and the sar'cina ventric'uli,
 2. Vegetations on the external skin and its ap-
 pendages, as  in tinea favosa, mentagra, herpes
 tonsurans and plica polonica, and,  3. Vegetations
 on the mucous  membrane,—for example, in the
 aphthas of children; in the cicatrices of the mu-
 cous membrane after typhus, Ac.
   EPIPLASMA, Cataplasm.  Galen uses it es-
 pecially  for  an  application  of wheaten flour,
 boiled in hydrelaum, and applied to wounds.
   EPIPLE'GTA, from tm, 'above,' and irXnyn,
 'a stroke.   Paralysis of the upper extremities.
   EPIPLERO'SIS,  from  tm,  'augmentative,'
 and  -Xnpwais,  'repletion.'  Excessive repletion;
 distention.
   EPIP'LOCE,  from tm,  'upon,'  and irXtxw, 'I
 twine.'   Coition.  Entanglement.
   Epip'loce  Intestina'lis,  Conglomera'tio in-
 testino'rum.   Conglomeration of the intestines.
   EPIPLOCE'LE, from tmnXoov, 'omentum,'and
 (07X17, ' tumour.'  Epip'loic  her'nia, Zirba'lis her-
 nia, Hernia  omenta'lis, Omental hernia, (F.)Her-
 uie de I epiploon.   Omental hernia is  recognised
 —but at times with difficulty—by a soft, unequal,
 pasty tumour, in  Wiich  no  gurgling sound  is
 heard on pressing or reducing it.   It is less dan-
 gerous than hernia of the intestines.
   EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from tmvXoov, 'the
 omentum,' evrepov, 'intestine,' and 107X17, ' tumour.'
 Hernia, formed by  the epiploon and a portion of
 intestine.  It is more commonly called En'tero-
 epiploce'le.
   EPIPLOENTEROOSCIIEOCE'LE,  Epiplo-
 enteroschoce'le, from tmirXoov, ' omentum,' evrepov,
 ' intestine,' oaxeov, ' scrotum,' and 107X17, ' rupture.'
 Hernia with omentum and intestine in the scro-
 tum.
   EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo'icus.  Relating  to the
. epiploon.
   Epiploic Appen'dages;  Appendic'ula  epi-
 plo'iea, A. pinguedino'sa, Fim'bria  camo'sa
 coli, Suppjlemen'ta  epiplo'Ica.  Prolongations of
 the peritoneum beyond the surface of the large
 intestine, which are analogous in texture and
 arrangement to  the epiploon.
   Epiploic  Ar'teries;   Arte'ria  Epiplo'ica.
 The arterial branches, which are  distributed  to
 the  epiploon,  and which are given  off by the gas-
 tro-epiploicas.
   EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  emirXoov,  'the
 epiploon,' taxtov, ' the ischium,' and 107X17, ' a tu-
 mour.'   Hernia formed by the epiploon through
 the  ischiatic notch.
    EPIPLOI'TIS, from tmnXoov, 'the omentum,'
 and His, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the  omentum;  Omentitis, Empreama perito-
nitt'8 omruta'lis, Omenti inflawma'tio, Entcri'tis
epiploitis, Omente'aia.  A form of partial perito-
nitis.
  EPIPLOMEROCE'LE,  from  emnXoov,  'the
omentum,'  pnpos, 'the thigh,' and  (07X17, 'a tu-
mour.'  Femoral hernia, formed by the epiploon.
  EPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplomphalon.
  EPIPLOM'PHALON, Epiploom'phulou, Kpi-
plomphaloce'le, Hernia umbiticu'lis, from emitXoov,
'the omentum,' and optpaXos, 'the navel.'  Umbi-
lical hernia, formed by the epiploon.
  EPIPLOM'PIIRASIS, from emirXoov, 'the epi-
ploon,' and eptppaaaw, ' I  obstruct'  Induration
of the epiploon.
  EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from emirXoov, 'the epi-
ploon,' and  xoptt^w, 'I carry.'  One who has the
omentum morbidly large.  Also,  one labouring
under epiplocele.
  EPIP'LOON, Epiploum, from firi, 'above,' and
7rX£tii, ' I swim or float'  Omen'turn,  Rete, Retic-
ulum ; Dertron; Zirbus, Gail game,  Gangamiim,
Operimen'tum  intestino'rum, Saccus epiploicns,
Sage'na.  The Caul.  A prolongation of  the pe-
ritoneum, which floats above a portion of the in-
testines, and is formed of two membranous layers,
with vessels and fatty bands distributed through
it.  Anatomists have described several epiploons.
The uses of the omentum  are but little known.
The chief one seems to be, to  retain the viscera
in situ, and to give passage to vessels.
  Epiploon, Colic, Colic Omentum,  0. co'licum,
Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a duplicature of
the peritoneum, situate along the ascending por-
tion of the  colon, as far as its junction with the
transverse portion.  It is  behind the great epi-
ploon, and  fills up the angle formed by the junc-
tion of the  ascending with the transverse colon.
Its two laminas are separated by colic arteries
and veins.
  Epiploon, Gastro-Colic, Great Omentum,
Omentum gastro-co'licum, Omentum majus, Peri-
tona'um duplica'tum,  Rete majue, Zirbus adipl-
nus, consists of an  extensive duplicature, which
is free and  floating on the folds of the intestines.
It  is  quadrilateral, and longer on the left side
than on the right:—its  base being  fixed, ante-
riorly, to the great curvature  of  the  stomach;
and, posteriorly, to the arch of the colon.   It is
formed of  two  laminas,  each consisting of two
others.   In this epiploon a number of vessels is
distributed, and there is much fat.
  Epiploon, Gastro-Hepatic, Lesser Omentum,
Omentum  hep'ato-gas'tricum,  Omentum  minus,
Membra'na  macilen'tior, is a duplicature of the
peritoneum, which extends transversely from the
right side of the cardia to the corresponding ex*
tremity  of  the  fissure of  the liver, and down-
wards from this fissure to the lesser curvature of
the stomach, the pylorus and duodenum.  Be-
low it is the foramen or hiatua of Winslow; and
between its laminas are lodged the biliary and
hepatic vessels.  It contains but little fat.  If
air be blown in at the foramen of Winslow, tbe
cavity of the omentum will be rendered percep-
tible.
   Epiploon,  Gastro-Splenic,  Gaatro- Splenic
 Omentum,  0. Gastro-sple'nicum.  A  reflection of
the peritoneum, which passes  between  the con-
cave surface of the spleen  and  the stomach, from
the cardiac orifice to near its great curvature, and
which lodges the vasa brevia and splenic vessels
between its laminas.
   EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,  from  emirXoov,
 'the  epiploon,' o-apf, 'flesh,'  and optpaXos, 'the
navel.'  Umbilical hernia, formed of  indurated
 omentum.
   EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiploschoce'le, from 
EPIPLOUM
337
EPISYNTHETIC
tmiXonv,  'the epiploon,' oaxtov,  'the  scrotum,'
and (o,Xi7, 'tumour.'  Scrotal hernia, formed by a
displu-i ment of the epiploon.
  EPIPLOUM, Epiploon.
  EPIPNOIA, Afflatus.
  EPIPORO'MA, from ttritrwpow, (tm, SXtdtrwoow,)
'I harden.'  A tophaceous concretion which forms
in the joints.  The callus of fracture.
  EPIR'RHOE, Epirrhoe'a, from £irt, 'upon,' and
pfui, ' I flow.'  Afflux  or  congestion of  humours.
— Hippocrates.
   EI'lRRHfEA,  Epirrhoe.
   EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca.
   EPIS'CHESIS, Retention;  from  tma^uw, 'I
restrain.'   A suppression of excretions.
   EPISCIIET'ICUS; same  etymon.   Sistens,
Rep'rimens, Co'hibens. 'Restraining.'  An agent
that diminishes—secretion, for example.
   EP ISC HI ON, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os.
   EPISCOPALES VALVULE, Mitral valves.
   E PISE ION, Pubis (os), Vulva, Labium  Pu-
dendi, Tressoria,
   E P IS E M A 'SIA, from emanpatvw, (tm, and anpa,
'a sign,) ' I afford some sign.'   Sema'sia. It has
been used synonymously with sign, and also with
the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio.
   EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar.
   EPISIOSDE'MA, from £m<r£ioj', 'the  labia pu-
dendi,' and otlnpa,' oedema.' ffidema of the labia
pudendi.
   EPISION, Episeion.
   EPISION'CUS, Episiophy'ma, from emattov,
(modern,)  'the labium  pudendi,' and  oyxos, 'a
tumour.'   Tumor labio'rum.  A swelling or tu-
mour of the labia pudendi.
  El'ISIOPHYMA, Episioncus.
   EPISIORRHAG"IA, from tmaeiov, 'the labia
pudendi,' and payn,' rupture.'  Hemorrhage from
the labia, pudendi.
  EPISIOR'RHAPHY,  Episiorrhaph'ia, from
tmaeiov, (modern,) 'the  labium  pudendi,'  'the
vulva,' and patfn,  ' suture.'  An operation prac-
tised  in cases of  prolapsus uteri, which consists
in paring the opposing surfaces of the  labia pu-
dendi, bringing them together and uniting them
by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of the vulva.
   EPISOI'TIS, from £irio-£iov, 'the labia pudendi,'
and itia, denoting 'inflammation.' Inflammation
of the labia pudendi.
   EPISPA'DIA;  Hyperspa'dia; same etymon
as the next.  The condition of an Epispadias.
  EPISPA'DIAS,  Epispadia'us, Anaspa'dias,
Animpadia'us,  Hyperspa'dias,  Hyperspadia'us,
from fin, ' above,' and o-iraoi, ' I draw.'   The op-
posite to Hypospadias.  One who has  a preter-
natural opening of the urethra at the upper part
of the penis.
  EPISPAS'TICS, Epispas'tica, Yes'icante,
Helc'tita, (F.) Epispostiques; same etymon.  An
epithet  for every  medicinal  substance which,
when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and
more  or  less redness, followed by separation of
the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum.
Cantharides and  mustard  are  epispastics.   See
Blister and Derivative.
  EPISPASTICUM,  Blister.
  EPISPA STIQ UES, Epispastics.
  EPISPASTUM, Catapasma.
  EPISPlIiE'RIA, from tm, 'upon,' and otpatpa,
' a sphere'   Some physiologists have  applied this
term to the different convolutions and sinuosities
presented bv the external surface of the brain.
  EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature.
  EPISTACTIS'CHESIS,  from tmara^is, 'epis-
taxis,' and  toxeiv,  'to restrain.'   Arrest of bleed-
ing from the nose.
      22
  EPISTAPHYLINI, see Azygos Muscle.
  EPIS'TASIS, Inaiden'tia,  from  em,  'upon,'
and araw, ' I rest'   A substance which swims at
the surface of urine.  It is opposed to the hypos-
tasis or sediment.  Epistasis has also been em-
ployed synonymously with suppression.
  EPISTAX'IS, from £7ri, 'upon,' and ara^w, 'I
flow  drop by drop.'  Hamorrhag"ia activa na'-
rium, H. narin'ea,  H. na'rium, Epistax'is junio'-
rum, Epistax'ia arterio'aa, Hamorrhin'ia,  Ha-
morhinorrhag"ia, Hamatia'mua, Choanorrhag"ia,
Rhinorrhag"ia, Stillicid'ium seu Stilla'tio Sang'-
uinia e nor'ibua, Hemorrhage from the pituitary
membrane, Bleeding at the noae, Noaebleed, (F.)
Hemorrhagic nasale, Saignement du nez, Hemor-
rhinie.  This is one of the most common varie-
ties  of hemorrhage; the  organization  of  the
Schneiderian membrane being favourable to it,
as the blood-vessels are but slightly supported.
It does not generally flow from both nostrils, and
is very apt to recur. Puberty is the period at
which  it is most common.  Its  exciting cauaea
are: — any thing that will  induce  local  conges-
tions,  as running, coughing, blowing the nose,
Ac,  provided  there be a predisposition to it  A
common  case of epistaxis requires but little treat-
ment,  especially if in  a young  person.   Light
diet and  a dose or two of the sulphate of magne-
sia will be sufficient.  In more  severe attacks,
cold  and astringent washes of  alum, sulphate of
zinc, weak  sulphuric acid,  or  creosote, may  be
used, and the nostrils be plugged anteriorly ; but
if the bleeding goes on posteriorly, the posterior
nares  must  be plugged likewise, — tho  patient
being kept with the head raised.   The  flow  of
blood has been arrested  by directing the patient
to stand up with his head elevated, compressing
the nostril whence the blood flows with the finger,
raising the corresponding arm perpendicularly,
and holding it  in this position  for about two mi-
nutes.  A less vigorous  circulation  through the
carotids  appears to  result from  the  increased
force required to carry on the circulation through
the upper extremities  when raised. — Ncgrier.
To prevent the recurrence, strict diet must bo in-
culcated.
  EPISTER'NAL, Epieterna'lia, from £iri, 'upon,'
and  arepvov,  'the sternum.'  An epithet  applied
to two bones which form  part of the sternum, and
are situate upon its superior and lateral part In
the young subject,  they are attached to the ster-
num by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous cap-
sule.   They  have  somewhat the appearance  of
the pisiform bones, but are of a greater size.
  According to Professor  Owen, the piece of a
segment of an articulate animal, which is imme-
diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum.
  EPISTHOT'ONOS, from tmaBev, 'forwards,'
and retvw, ' I extend.' A spasm of the muscles,
drawing  the body forwards.  The word empros-
thotonoa is more commonly employed.
  EPISTROPHE, Relapse.
  EPISTROPHEUS, Axis.
  EPISTROPHUS^Axis.
  EPISYNAN'CHE, (em, and aynanche or cynan-
che,) Epiaynanglna. A Greek word, used by a
modern writer for spasm  of  the  pharynx, by
which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and
liquid  food driven back towards the  mouth  or
nasal fossas.
  EP!SYNTHETTC, Epiaynthet'icua, from em-
ownSnpa, (tm,  aw,  and ndnpt,) 'to  collect,  accu-
mulate.'  The  name of a medical sect, whose ob-
ject it  was to reconcile the principles of the Me-
thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma
tists.  Leonides of Alexandria seems to have been
one of the first partisans of this sect; of which
we know little. 
EPITASIS
338
EQUITATION
  EPIT'ASIS, from tm, and  rttvtiv, 'to extend.'
The period of  violence of a fever, (Febria intcil-
sio,) attack or  paroxysm; sometimes it is used in
the same sense as epistasis, for 'suppression.'
  EPITELIUM, Epithelium.
  EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'lis;  same  etymon
as epithelium.   Appertaining or relating to the
epithelium,—as ' epithelial cells,  or scales.'
  EPITHE'LIUM, Epite'lium, Epithe'lis, Ende-
piderm'is, from tm, ' upon,' and 517X17, ' a nipple.'
The thin layer of epidermis,  which covers  parts
deprived of derma, properly so called, — as the
nipple,  mucous membranes,  lips,  Ac  Modern
histological researches have  shown  that it ex-
ists,  in  different forms, pavement, cylinder and
vibratile or ciliated epithelium.  Teaaelated epi-
thelium  covers the  serous and synovial mem-
branes,  the lining of blood-vessels, and  the mu-
cous membranes, except where cylinder epithe-
lium exists. It is spread over the mouth, pha-
rynx  and oesophagus, conjunctiva, vagina, and
entrance of the female urethra.   Cylinder epithe-
lium is found in the intestinal canal,  beyond the
cardiac  orifice of  the stomach; in  the larger
ducts of the salivary glands ;  in the ductus  com-
munis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's  glands,
vesiculas seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi,
and urethra of the male;  and lines the  urinary
passages of the  female, from the  orifice of the
urethra to  the beginning of the tubuli  uriniferi
of the kidneys.  In all these situations, it is con-
tinuous  with tesselated epithelium, which  lines
the more delicate  ducts  of the  various  glands.
For the uses of the ciliated epithelium, see  Cilia.
  EP'ITHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from tm,
'upon,'  and rt$npt, 'I put' This term is applied
to every  topical  application  which  cannot be
classed   either under ointments  or  plasters.
Three sorts of epithems have been usually dis-
tinguished,— the liquid,  dry,  and  eoft, which
comprise fomentations, bags filled  with  dry sub-
stances,  and cataplaam8.
  EPITH'ESIS.   Same etymon.  The rectifica-
tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments.
  EPITHYM'I.E, from em,  'upon,'  and Ovpos,
' desire.'  Morbid desires or longings.
  EPITHYMIAMA, Fumigation.
  EPITHYMUM,  Cuscuta epithymum — e. Offi-
cinarum, Cuscuta Europasa.
  EPITROCH'LEA, from em, 'upon,' and
rpo^aXio, 'a pulley.'  That which is situate above
a pulley.   Chaussier gives this name to the un-
equal, round protuberance situate  on the inside
of the inferior  extremity of the humerus above its
articular trochlea.   It is the  part usually called
the inner or leaaer condyle of the humerus.   From
it originate several muscles  of  the  forearm,  to
which it has given part of their names, according
to the system of Chaussier.
  EPITR 0 CHL 0 - CARPI- PALM AIRE,  Pal-
maris longus—e. Cubito-carpien, see Cubital mus-
cles—e. Metacarpien,  Palmaris magnus—e.  Pha-
langinien commun,  Flexor sublimis perforatus —
e. Radial, Pronator radii teres.
   EPIZO'A, (F.) Epizodires, Ectoparaaitea, from
tm, ' upon,' and $wov,' an animal.'  Parasitic ani-
mals, which infest the surface of the body, or the
common integument.
   EPIZOO'TIA,  Epizooty.   Same etymon.  A
disease  which  reigns amongst animals. It corre-
sponds, in the veterinary art, to epidemy in me-
dicine.
   EPIZOOT'IC, Epizo'dt'icu8, same etymon. Re-
lating or appertaining to an epizooty, — as an
' epizootic aphtha.'
   EP'OCHE,  from  em, and txw, 'to  have  or to
hold.' Doubt, suspension of judgment—Suapen'aa
aenten'tia.   Sometimes  employed  in the  same
sense as epiachesis or suppression.
  EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
  EPODE, Incantation.
  EPO'MIS, Superhumera'le,  from tin,  'upon,'
and  wpos, ' the shoulder.'  The  acromion.   The
upper part of the shoulder.—Hippocrates, Galen.
  EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium.
  EPOMPHALION, Uterus.
  EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epomphal'icum, from tm,
'upon,' and optpaXos,  'the  navel.'   A medicine,
which, when placed  upon the umbilicus, moves
the belly.—Paulus of iBgina.
  EPONGE, Spongia—L d'Eglantier, Bedegar.
  EPOQUES, Menses.
  EPOSTOMA,  Exostosis.
  EXOSTOSIS,  Exostosis.
  EPREINTES, Tenesmus.
  EPSEMA, Decoction.
  EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio.
  EPSOM,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.   Epsom
is a town in  Surrey, about 15 miles from London.
The water is a simple saline;—consisting chiefly
of sulphate  of magnesia, which has consequently
received the name of Epsom Salts, though no
longer prepared  from the Epsom water.
  EPUISEMENT, Exhaustion.
  EPU'LIS, from tm,  'upon,'  and ovXov, 'tho
gum.'   Odon'tia excrea'cena,  Sarco'ma  epu'lis,
Ulon'cus, Exerescen'tia gingiva.  An excrescence
on the gum, sometimes ending in cancer.
  EPULOSIS, Cicatrization.
  EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  EQUAL, ^Equa'lis.  An epithet applied parti-
cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse
and  respiration  are  equal, when the  pulsations
and  inspirations which succeed each other are
alike in every respect.
  EQUILIB'RIUM,  from aquue,  'equal,' and
librare, 'to  weigh.'  In medicine,  this  word ia
sometimes used to designate that state of organs,
fluids, and forces, which constitutes  health.
  EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina.
  EQUI'NIA, from  equinus, 'belonging to a
horse.'  Glandera, (F.) Morve.  A dangerous con-
tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup-
tion, which  arises from inoculation with  certain
diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and
the mule.  Two  forms are  met with, — E. mitia,
contracted from  horses affected with grease, and
E. glondulo'8a, a dangerous and  commonly fatal
disease communicated to man, either in the acute
or chronic form, from the glandered horse.  The
veterinary surgeons  make two  varieties of the
disease in the horse—Glanders, Ma'lia, Malias'-
mus, Ma'lie, Molis, Malleus; and Farcy glanders,
Farcino'ma, Malleus farcimino'sus, Morbus fur-
cimino'sus,  Cachex'ia lymphat'ica  farcimino'sa,
(F.) Morve farcineuse:—the former affecting the
pituitary  membrane  and occasioning a profuse
discharge from  the nostrils, with pustular "erup-
tions or small tumours, which soon suppurate and
ulcerate, being attended by symptoms of malig-
nant fever and by gangrene of various parts: —
the latter being  the same disease, but appearing
in the shape of small  tumours about the legs, lips,
face, neck,  Ac.  of the horse;  sometimes very
painful, suppurating and degenerating into foul
ulcers.  They are often seen together.
   The mild cases require little  treatment but rest;
the more  severe  generally resist  all remedies.
   EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac, see Hippuna
vulgaris—e. Minus, Hippuris vulgaris.
   EQUITA'TION, Equita'tio, Hippd'a, Hipp"-
sia,  Hippeu'sis,  from equus, 'a horse.' Horseback
exercise.  A kind of exercise,  advisable  in many
diseases, although improper in others- -in uterine 
EQUIVOROUS
339
ERGOTISM
 nffections, for instance. It has been much recom-
 mended in phthisis pulmonalis.  It is less fatigu-
 ing than walking, and consequently more avail-
 able in  disease.  But to prevent disease, where
 much exercise is required, the latter is preferable.
   EQUIV'OROUS, Equiv'orus,  Hippoph'agoua,
 from eqnua,  ' a horse,'  and  voro, ' I  devour.'
 Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh.
   EQU1 VOCAL, Equiv'ocua, from aquus, 'equal,'
 and vox, 'voice.'  Those symptoms are occasion-
 ally so denominated which belong to  several dis-
 eases. Generation is said to  be ' equivocal,' when
 it is, or  seems to be, spontaneous.  See Genera-
 tion.
   E^QUUS, Hippus.
   ERA  BLE, Acer saccharinum.
   ERADICATION, Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,'
 and radix, ' a root'   The act  of rooting out, or
 completely removing a disease.
   ERAD'ICATIVE, Eradi'cans: same etymon.
 Any thing possessed of the power of completely
 rooting  out a disease.
   ERAILLEMENT  DES  PAUPIERES, Ec-
 tropion.
   EREBINTIIUS, Acer arietinum.
   ER F.CHTHFTES HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'cio
 hieracifo'litis,  Fireivectl. An  indigenous  plant,
 Order,   Compositae, which flowers from July to
 September.  It is said to be an  acrid tonic, and
 astringent, and in large  doses emetic.
   ERECTILE  TISSUE, Tela  erec'tilia,  from
 trigere,  (e, and  rigere,) 'to erect,' 'to become
 erect.'   A tissue, whose principal character is :—
 to be susceptible of dilatation, i. e. of turgescence
 find increase of size.  It is formed of a collection
 of arteries and veins, intermixed with  nervous
 filaments; which form, by their numerous anas-
 tomoses, a spongy substance, whose areolae com-
 municate  with  each  other.   Smooth muscular
 fibres have been detected in  it.  This tissue ex-
 ists  in the corpora  cavernosa  of the  penis and
 clitoris, at the lower and inner  surface of the va-
 gina, in  the spongy part of the urethra, the lips,
 nipples,  iris, Ac  Sometimes it is developed ac-
 cidentally, and constitutes   a  kind of  organic
 transformation.
   ERECTION,  Erec'tio, Arrec'tio;  same ety-
 mon.  The state of a part, in which, from having
 been soft, it becomes  stiff, hard, and swollen by
 the  accumulation of  blood in  the  areolae  of its
 tissue, as in the case of the penis ;—Styma, Sty8i8.
   ERECTOR CLITORIDIS,  Ischio-cavernosus
 —e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus.
  EREMACAU'SIS,  from  tpnpos,  'waste,' and
 xavais, ' combustion.'   A term applied  by Liebig
 to the slow combustion, oxidation, or  decay of
 organic matters in the  air.
  EREMIA, Acinesia.
  ERETHILYTICUM  H.EMATOLYTICUM,
 Spanasmic
  ER'ETHISAt,  Ercthis'mus, Erethis'ia, Irrita-
 men'tum, Irrita'tio, from tpeSt^w, ' I irritate.'  Ir-
 ritation.   Augmentation of the vital phenomena
 in any organ or tissue.  Orgasm.   Under this
 name, Mr. Pearson has  described a state of the
 constitution produced by mercury acting on it as
 a poison.  Ho calls it Mcrcu'rial Erethis'mus. It
is characterized  by great depression of strength;
anxiety about the praecordia; irregular action of
the heart;  frequent  sighing;  tremors;  small,
quick, sometimes intermitting,  pulse;  occasional
vomiting;  pale,  contracted  countenance,  and
sense of  coldness;  but the  tongue  is seldom
furred, nor are the vital and  natural functions
much disturbed.  In this state  any sudden exer-
tion may prove fatal.
  ERETHISMA, Rubefacient
  ERETHISMUS, Erethism, Irritation-e. Ebrio-
 sorum, Delirium tremens—e. Hydrophobia, Hy-
 drophobia—e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria—
 e. Simplex, Fidgets.
   ERETHISTICUS. Erethiticus, Rubefacient
   ERETHIT'lC, Erethilieus, Erethis'ticua. Be-
 longing or relating to  erethism, — as " erethitic
 phenomena," or phenomena of irritation.
   EREUGMOS, Eructation.
   EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence.
   ERGASMA, Myrrha.
   ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo.
   ERGASTERIUM, Laboratory.
   ERGOT, (F.) Ergot,  ' a spur.'  Er'goto, Seca'le
 cornu'turn, Clavus secali'nus, Clavus aeca'lia, Sper-
 moe'dia clavus, Mater  seca'lis,  Calcar, Seed lis
 mater, Seca'le luxu'rians, Ustila'go, Clavus silig"-
 inia, Frumen'tum cornu'turn, F. comiculdtum,  F.
 luxu'riana, F. tur'gidum, F. temulen'tnm, Brizoc'-
 eraa, (?) Melanophy'ma, Spurred  or Horned Rye,
 the Spur, Homeeed, (F.) Seigle ergote, Ble cornu.
 Ergofris generally considered to be the  result  of
 a disease in rye, occurring most frequently when
 a hot  summer succeeds a rainy spring.  Decan-
 dolle,  however, regards it  as a parasitic fungus,
 and calls it, Sclero'tium clavus;  whilst Levcilld
 esteems it to be a fungus  giving  a coating to the
 diseased grain; the medical  virtues residing  in
 the  coating. This parasitic fungus he calls Spha-
 ce'lia aeg"etum.  More recently, it has been main-
 tained, -that it is a diseased state of the grain oc-
 casioned  by the growth  of  a fungus  not pre-
 viously detected, to which  the names Ergota'tio.
 abortana seu abortifo'ciena, Oiclium obortifa'ciena,
 Ergot-mould, have been given.   It is found pro-
 jecting from among  the  leaves  of the spike  or
 ear; and is along, crooked excrescence, resem-
 bling the spur of a cock;  pointed at its extremi-
 ties ; of a dark brown colour externally, and  white
 within.
  This substance has been long used in Germany
 to act on the uterus, as  its names Mutterkorn
 and  Geb'arpulver (womb-grain, pulvis partu-
 riens)  testify.  Upwards of forty years ago,  it
 was  recommended in this  country, by Dr.  John
 Stearns, of Saratoga County, New York, for ac-
 celerating parturition ; and since that period, nu-
 merous testimonials have been offered  in its fa-
 vour.  Half a drachm  of the powder is gently
 boiled  in half a pint of water, and one-third part
 given every 20 minutes, until proper pains begin.
 Some  recommend  the  clear watery  infusion;
 others  advise the powder; others the oil, and
 others  the wine.  It  is obvious, that in  many
 cases the uterine  efforts would return  in the pe-
 riod which would necessarily  elapse in the admi-
 nistration of ergot, so that several of the  cases,
 at least, of reputed efficacy, may not  have  been
 dependent upon  the assigned  agent   Ergot also
 possesses—it is affirmed—narcotic virtues, which
 have rendered it useful in hemorrhagic and  other
 affections of excitement.
  Bread, made of spurred rye, has been  attended
 with the effects described under Ergotism.
  ERGOT. Hippocampus minor.
  ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot.
  ERGOTA, Ergot.
  ERGOT.ETIA ABORTANS,  see  Ergot — e.
 Abortifaciens, see Ergot.
  ER'GOTIN. Extrac'tum Er'gota,  Extract of
 Ergot,  (F.) Ergotine,  Extrait  hemoatatique  de
 Bonjcan.  The  extract of ergot has been found
 an excellent hemastatic  in the dose of two grains
 several times a day.  It has also  been used ex-
 ternally.
  ERGOTINE,  Ergotin.
  ER'GOTISM. Ergotis'mus, from ergota, 'ergot
 Morbus cerea'lis.  Poisoning bv ergot.  An affec-
tion  produced by the use  of" spurred rye.  At
times,  the   symptoms  are limited to  vertigo, 
ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE      34!
spasms, and convulsions. See Convulsio cerealis.
Most commonly, there is torpor with numbness
of the hands  and feet, which waste away, lose
sensation and the power of motion, and separate
from the body by dry  gangrene;  Ergotis'mus
Sphacelo'su8, Sphac"elua cerea'lia,  Necro'sis ce-
rea'lis,  Gangra'na ustilagin'ea, Necrosis  ustila-
gin'ea, Ergot or Mildew mortification, (F.) Ergo-
tisme gangrineux, Gangrene des Solonois, Mal de
Sologne.
  ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ce-
realis.
  ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism —e.  Spasmodicus,
Convulsio cerealis—e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism.
  ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Callu'na  vulga'ris seu
Erica, Common Heath,  (F.) Bruyere  vulgaire.
This has been regarded as diuretic and diapho-

  ERIG"ERON BELLIDIFO'LIUM, Robin's
plantain. An indigenous plant of the Composite
family ; flowering in May.  It is said to possess
properties like the next.
  Erig"eron Philadel'phicum, Scabious,  Ske-
visch, Philadelphia Flea-Bane, Skevisch Flea-
Bane,  Daisy,  Cocash,  Frostweed, Fieldweed,
Squaw-weed,  (F.)  Vergerette de  Philadelphie.
The plant has been used in decoction or infusion
for  gouty and gravelly complaints, and is  said
to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific.
  Erigeron  Canaden'se, Ottn'ada Fleabane, is
considered to be allied in properties to the  above,
and the same may be  said  of Erigeron Hetero-
phyl'lum, Sweet Sca'bions or various-leaved Flea-
banc ; all of which are  in  the  secondary list of
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
  EUIGERUM, Senecio.
  ER1GNE, Hook.
  ERJNE, Hook.
  ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLULA'TUS, Wild
Rose'mary.  A South African shrub, Nat. Ord.
Corapositas, which is diuretic, and  used by the
fanners  and  Hottentots, in various forms of
dropsy.
  ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM.  A South
African plant, the tuber of which  is muculent,
and used externally in abrasions of the skin, and
in superficial ulcers.  It is also employed by the
Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhoea.
  ERIX, epi(. This word signifies, in Galen, the
upper part of the liver.
  ERODENS, Caustic
  ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium  mos-
chatum.
  EROMANIA, Erotomania.
  ERON'OSUS, Eronu'sos, from np, 'spring,' and
voaos or vovaos, ' disease.'  A disease which ap-
pears chiefly in spring.
  EROS, Love.
  EROSIO,  Corrosion — e.  et Perforatio sponta-
nea Ventriculi, Gastromalacia.
  ERO'SION,  Ero'sio,   Diabro'sis, Anabro'sis,
Corro'sion, from erodere, (e, and rodere,) 'to eat
away.'  The action of a corrosive substance, or
the  gradual destruction of a part by a substance
of that kind.  It is often employed in  the same
sense as ulceration, spontaneous erosion.
  EROT'IC,  Ero'ticua, from epws,  'love.'   That
which  is produced by love; — as Erotic melan-
choly, E. delirium, Ac
  EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania.
  EROTION,  Melissa.
  EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, Ma'nia erot'ica,
lrom epws, ' love,' and pavia,  ' mania.'  A species
of mental alienation caused by love. Erotic me-
lancholy is Love melancholy.  Some authors write
it Erot'ico-mania.  Also, Nymphomania.
  ERPES, Herpes.
  ERRABUNDUS, Planetes.
0                 ERVUM

   ERRAT'IC, Errat'icus, Atac'tos, Al'ypos; from
 errare, 'to err.'  Wandering,  irregular.   That
 which disappears and recurs at irregular inter-
 vals.  This name is given to intermittents, Febrcs
 errat'ica, which observe no type.   Most com-
 monly, it is  applied  to  pains or to any diseased
 manifestations which  are  not  fixed,  but move
 from one part to another, as in gout, rheumatism,
 erysipelas, Ac.
   ERREUR  DE LIEU, Error loci.
   ER'RHINE, Errhlnum or Er'rhinum, Sternu-
 tato'rium,  Ster'nutatory, Ptar'micum, Apophleg-
 maliaana per nares,  Nasa'le, from ev, ' in,' and
 piv,  ' the  nose.'  A remedy whose action is ex-
 erted  on  the Schneiderian membrane, exciting
 sneezing and increased discharge.  Errhines have
 been mainly  used  as local  stimulants in head
 affections.   The chief are : Asari Folia, Euphor-
 bias  gummi-resina, Hydrargyri . sulphas  flavus,
 Tabacum, and Veratrum album.
   ERRHINUM, Sternutatory.
   ER'RHYSIS, from tv, 'in,' and ptw, 'I flow.'
 With  some, a draining of blood.  A trifling he-
 morrhage.
   ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'sia, (F.) Erreur de
 Lieu.  A term, frequently used  by Bocrhaave to
 express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves-
 sels  not destined for them.  Boerhaave admitted
 several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters
 of which went  on  decreasing.  The  largest re-
 ceived red blood:  those which came next re-
 ceived only white : others only lymph ; whilst the
 last  of all were destined for yet more subtle fluids
 —for a kind of vapour.   AVhen the red globules
 entered vessels  destined for the  white,  or the
 white those intended for the thinner fluids, there
 was, according  to the theory of Boerhaave, an
 error loci, the proximate cause  of inflammation
 and  other mischiefs.  See Aberration.
   ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis—e. Barbarea,,
 Erysimum barbarea—e. Fcetida,  Brassica eruea—
 e. Sativa, Brassica eruca.
   ERUCTA'TION, Ructtltio, Ereug'mua, Er'ycfe,
 Eructo'tio,  Ruetua,   Ructa'men,  Rurtutt' tio,
 Ereux'i8,  Restagna'tio,  Ruft, (N. of England,)
 from  eructare,  (e,  and ruetare, ' to helch.')
 Belching,  (F.) Rot, Rapport.  A sonorous emis-
 sion, by the mouth, of flatus proceeding from the
 stomach.  When so frequent as to occasion a dis-
 eased condition, this-is termed Ructuo''situs, Mor-
 bus ructuo'sus.
   ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra.
   ERUGINEUX, .Eruginous.
   ERUPTIO, Eruption —e. Exanthematis; Epa-
 nastasis—e. Sanguinis, Hasmorrhagia.
   ERUP'TION, Erup'tio, from erumpere, (e, and
 rumpere,) ' to  issue with violence,' ' to break out.'
 This word has several meanings.  1. The  sudden
 and  copious evacuation of any fluid from a canal
 or cavity; — of serum, blood, pus, Ac, for  exam-
 ple.   2. The breaking out of an  exanthem; and,
 3, the exanthem itself, whether simply  in the
 form of a rash, or of pustules, vesicles, Ac.
   ERUPTION ANOMALE, Roseolas — e. Ro-
 sace, Roseolas—e. Violet, Ionthus.
   ERUP'TIArE, Eruptivna.  That which  is ac-
 companied by an  eruption.   Thus  small-pox,
 measles, scarlet fever, miliaria,  Ac, are eruptive
 fevera.  The  term  eruptive diaeoae is nearly sy-
 nonymous with cutaneous disease.
   ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun-
 culus.
   ERVA LENTA, see Ervum.
   ERVUM, E. Ervil'io, E. plico'tum, Vic"ia er-
 vil'ia, Or'obua, (F.) Lentille Era ou Orobe. In
 times of scarcity, the seeds have been made into
 bread, but it is  said not to be wholesome. The
 meal was one much used in poultices: it wis for- 
ERYGE
341
ERYTHEMA
merly called Orob'ion, opofiiov.  Under the name
Ervalent'a, a secret preparation has  been intro-
duced into Paris.  It is a vegetable powder, which,
when mixed with milk and soup and  taken night
and morning, is said to have  succeeded in remo-
ving old and obstinate obstructions !  Buchner
thinks it is bean-meal, Ditterich, the meal of the
seed of Ervum  Ervilia.—Aschenbrenner.
  Ervum Ervilia, Ervum.
  Ervum Lens, Cicer Lena,Lena eaculen'to,Phocoa,
the Lentil,  (F.) Lentille.  The seed, Phace, Pha'-
cca,  Phacua, is eaten  in many places like peas:
they are flatulent and difficult of digestion.  .
  Ervum Plicatum, Ervum.
  ERYGE, Eructation.
  ERYNGIUM,  see E. Aquaticum.
  Eryn'gium AQUAT'lCUM, Water Eryn'go, But-
ton Snake Root.  Nat. Order, Umbelliferas. This
root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,)  is nearly allied  to
the contrayerva of the shops, and acts more espe-
cially as a sudorific.  It is a secondary article in
the Pharm. U. S.
  Euyxgium Campes'trB,  E. vulga're,  Centum
Cap ita, Lyriilgium, Aster inquina'lis, Capit'u-
lum  Martis, Actt8 Ven'eris, (F.) Panicaut, Char-
don-Roland, is sometimes used for  E. maritimum.
  Euyxgium Marit'imum  seu Mari'num.  The
Sea  Holly or Eryngo, JSthe'rea Herba, (F.) Pa-
nicaut Maritime.  Eryngo root has  a  slightly aro-
matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste.  It is
considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its
powers are so weak, that it is scarcely ever used.
  Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre.
  ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium maritimum — e.
AVater, Eryngium aquaticum.
  ERYS'IMUM, Erya'imnm oflicina'le,  Sisynl-
brium ofpZcina'le,  Chama'plion. Hedge-mustard,
(F.) Velar,  Tortelle, Herbe aux Chantrea.  This
was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and
diuretic  qualities.  The seeds greatly resemble
mustard.
  Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria.
  Erysimum Barba'rea,  E. lyro'tum,  Ar'abia
borba'rea, Sieymbrium barba'rea,  Eru'ca barba'-
rea, Burba'rea, B. etric'ta, (F.) Herbe de Sainte
Barbc, has been ranked  amongst the antiscor-
butic plants.  See Alliaria.
  Erysimum Cordifoliu.m, Alliaria—e. Lyratum,
E. barbarea.
  ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next
A family of eruptive  diseases, comprising erysi-
pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina.
  ERYSIP'ELAS, from tpvw, 'I  draw in,' and
ireXas,  ' near.'   Febris erysipelato'sa, Febris ery-
aipe/a'cea,  Erythrop'yra, Emphlysis  Eryaip'elaa,
St. Anthony's fire, Ignis Sancti Anto'nii,  I. Colu-
mella, Hieropyr, Ieteril'ia rubra,  Ignis sacer,
Rose, Rubea ieteril'ia, Vicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac' -
tits, Brunns, Lugdus, (F.)  Erysipele, Feu St. An-
toine. Feu sacre, Mal Saint Antoine.  A  disease,
so called because it generally extends gradually
to the neighbouring parts.  Superficial inflamma-
tion of the skin, with general fever,  tension and
swelling of  the part; pain and heat  more or less-
acrid ; redness diffused, but more or  less  circum-
scribed,  and disappearing when pressed upon by
the finger,  but returning as soon as tho  pressure
is removed.   Frequently,  small vesicles appear
upon the inflamed part, which dry  up and fall
off, under the form of branny scales.   Erysipelas
is, generally, an acute affection: its  medium du-
ration being from 10 to 14 days.  It  yields, com-
monly, to general refrigerant remedies.   Topical
applications are  rarely serviceable.  At times,
when the disease approaches the phlegmonous
character, copious bleeding and other evaeuants
may be required, as in many  eases of erysipelas
of the face; but this is not commonly necessary.
In most cases, indeed, the general action  seems
deficient, and it beeomes necessary to give tonics.
  AVhen erysipelas  is of a highly inflammatory
oharacter, and  invades  the  parts beneath, it is
termed Erysip'elasphlegmono'des, (V.) Erysipele
phlegmoneux:  when  accompanied  with  phlyc-
tenas, and the inflammation terminates in gan-
grene, Erysip'elas gangrano'aum, (F.) Eryaipele
gangreneux;  and when  associated with infiltra-
tion of serum Eryaip'elaa cedemato'aum, (F.) Ery-
sipele oedemateux.
  Erysipelas Gangrenosum, see Erysipelas —
e.  GSdematosum,  see  Erysipelas — e. Phlegmo-
nodes,  see  Erysipelas — e. Periodica  nervosa
chronica,  Pellagra — e.  Phlyctenoides,  Herpes
zoster—e. Pustulosa,  Herpes zoster—e. Zoster,
Herpes zoster.
  ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous.
  ERYSIPELATOUS,  Erysipelato'des,  Erysi-
peloid sus.   Belonging to erysipelas; as an ery-
sipelatous affection.
  Erysipelatous  Inflammation,  Inflamma'tio
erysipelato'sa, Epiphlogis'ina, Cnti'tis, Dermati-
tis, is the character of inflammation which distin-
guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipelato'sum.
  ERYSIPELE,  Erysipelas — e. Ambulant, see
Ambulant — S.  Gangreneux, see  Erysipelas — e".
tEdemateux, see Erysipelas—e. Phlegmoneux, see
Erysipelas — e.  Serpigineux, see Serpiginous — e.
Pustuleux, Herpes zoster.
  ERYSOS, Erythema.
  ERYTHE'MA, from  tpvOpatos,  epvOpos, 'red,
rose-coloured.'   Erythre'ma,  (F.)  Erytheme.
This name  is,  sometimes, given to erysipelas,
especially when  of a local  character.   It  is,
also,  applied to  the morbid redness  on  the
cheeks of the hectic, and  on the skin covering
bubo, phlegmon,  Ac.  It  forms  the 6th  genus
of the 3d  order,  Exanthemata, of Bateman's
classification of cutaneous diseases; and  is de-
fined,  "a nearly  continuous  redness of some
portion of the skin,  attended with disorder of the
constitution, but not contagious.'   Many varie-
ties are described by dermatologists, — for  exam-
ple, E. intertrigo, E. fugax, E. papula'tum, E.
tubereula'turn, E. nodo'sum, E. lave, E. centrif-
ugum, E. margina'tum, and E. acrodyn'ia.
  Erythema Acrodynia, Acrodynum—e. Am-
bustio, Burn—e. Anthrax, Anthrax.
  Erythe'ma Centrif'ugum.  A variety of ery-
thema attacking  the  face, commencing with  a
small red spot, and spreading around, so as, at
times, to affect the whole face.
  Erythema Endemicum, Pellagra — e.  a Fri-
gore, Chilblain.
  Erythe'ma Fugax.   Patches  of erythema,
that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis-
eases, teething children, Ac, and which  are of
brief duration.
  Erythema Gangrenosum, Anthrax—e. Iclto-
rosum, Eczema mercuriale—e. Intertrigo, Chafing.
  Erythe'ma Leve, (F.) Erytheme leger.  Slight
erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema.
  Erythe'ma Margina'tum, (F.) Erytheme mar-
ginal.  A form in which the prominent patches
of erythema are distinctly separated from  the
skin at their margins.
  Erythema Mercuriale, Eczema mercuriale.
  Erythe'ma Nodo'sum,  (F.) Erytheme noueux.
A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum.
  Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Erytheme jjapu-
leux.  Patches of erythema, Which are at first pa-
pulated, appearing on the  face, neck, breast, Ac,
of females, and young persons more especially.
  Erythema Pellagrum, Pellagra—e.  Pernio
Chilblain. 
ERYTHEMATOUS
342
ESSENCE
  Erythe'ma  Sola're.  A name given by the
Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended
with an eruption of small red spots or patches on
the parts that are exposed to the sun.
  Erythe'ma  Tuberculatum, E. tuberculo'aum,
(F.) Erytheme tuberculeux.  A form of erythema
in which the patches are in small lumps.
  ERYTHEMATOUS, Erythemat'ic, Erythema-
tosus,  Erythemat'ieus,  (F.) Erythemateux.  Ap-
pertaining or relating to Erythema.
  ERYTHEME, Erythema—e. Leger, Erythe-
ma lasve—e. Marginal, Erythema marginatum—
e. Noueux, Erythema  nodosum — e.  Papuleux,
Erythema papulatum—e. Tuberculeux, Erythema
tuberculatum.
  ERYTHRJEA CENTAURIUM, Chironia cen-
taurium — e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua, Chironia
Chilensis.
  ERYTHR^MIA,_Plethora.
  ERA'THRAN'CHE,   Angi'na  erysipelato'sa,
from epvOpos, ' red,' and ayxw, ' I suffocate.'  Ery-
sipelatous or erythematous sore throat.
  ERYTHREMA, Erythema.
  ERYTHRINA MONOSPERMA, Butea fron-
dosa.
  ERYTHR0CHC5RAS, Cynanche parotidasa.
  ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia.
  ER'YTHROID, Erythro'dea, ErythroVdea.
Reddish.
   Erythroid  Coat.  Tu'nica  erythro'des.  Vagi-
nal coat of the testis.
  Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vesic'ula Erythro'idea.
A vesicle of the foetus  described by Pockels and
others. It is  pyriform, and  much  longer  than,
although of the same  breadth as, the umbilical
vesicle.  Velpeau, AVeber, and others, doubt its
being a physiological condition.
   ERYTHRONIUM, E. Americanum.
  Erythro'nium America'num,  E. flavum, E.
dena cania, E. lanceola' turn, E. longifo'lium, Com-
mon Erythro'nium,  Yellow Snake-leaf,  Yellow
Adder's tongue,  Adder-leaf, Dog violet,  Rattle-
snake violet, Lamb's tongue, Scrofula root, Yel-
low Snowdrop. This plant is possessed of emetic
properties, but is rarely, if  ever, used.  The root
and herb, Erythro'nium, (Ph. U. S.,)  are in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
   Erythronium Dens Canis, E. Americanum —
e. Flavum, E. Americanum — e. Lanceolatum, E.
Americanum—e. Longifolium, E. Americanum.
   ERYTHROPYRA, Erysipelas.
   ERYTHROSIS, Plethora.
   ES'APHE,  from eaatpaw,  ' I touch with the fin-
gers.'   (F.) Le Toucher.  The introduction of a
finger  or fingers into the vagina, for the purpose
of  examining the condition of the uterus.  It  is
employed to verify the existence or non-existence
of  pregnancy  and its different stages; to detect
certain affections or faults of conformation in the
genital organs and pelvis; and, during the pro-
cess of accouchement,  to examine into the pro-
gress of labour,  Ac.
   ESCA, Aliment
   ESCARA, Eschar.
   ESCARGOT, Limax.
   ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte.
   ESCHAR, Es'chara, Ea'char, a alough, a cruet
or acab.  The crust  or disorganized portion, ari-
 sing from the mortification of a part, and which
is  distinguishable from the  living parts by its
 colour, consistence, and other physical properties.
 The inflammation which it excites in the  conti-
 guous parts, gives occasion to a secretion of pus
 between the  living  and dead parts,  which ulti-
 mately completely separates the latter.
   ESCHARA, Vulva.
  ESCHAROT'IC,  Eacharot'icum, from taxapa,
' eschar.'  Any substance, which, when applied
upon a  living part, gives rise to an eschar, such
as caustic  potaaaa:  the  concentrated  mineral
acida, Ac
  Escharotic Poison, see Poison.
  ESCHELLOHE,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.
This water rises at the foot of a  mountain near
the convent of Etal  in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro-

  ESCHID'NA OCELLA'TA.  A very poisonous
viper, which  inhabits the sugar-cane fields  of
Peru.   Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal.
  ESCORZONERA, Scorzonera.
  ESCRE V1SSE, Crab.
  ESCULAPIAN, Medical.
  ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus,  Ed'ible,  Eat'able,
from eaca,  'food.'  (F.)  Comeetibte.  Such  plants
or such parts of plants or animals as may  be
eaten for food.
  ESO, £o-ai, 'within.'  A prefix  which  signifies
an  affection of an internal part;  as Eaoenteritis,
inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes-
tines: — Esogastri'tis, inflammation of the inner
membrane of the stomach, Ac
  ESOCHAS, Esoche.
  ES'OCHE, Es'ochas.  A tumour—as a hemor-
rhoid—within the anus.
  ESOCOLITIS, Desentery.
  ESODIC, Afferent.
  ESOENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
  ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis.
  ESOTER'IC,  tawrepos,  ^interior,'  from taw,
'within.'   Private; interior; in contradistinction
to Exoter'ic, public, exterior.   Hence, we speak
of ' esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.'
  ESOT'ERISM, MED'ICAL. Same etymon as
Esoteric.   A term used by M. Simon, in his De-
ontologie medicate,  for  that esotery, or mystery
and secresy, with which the practitioner performs
his daily duties, and which, he conceives, he is
compelled  to  adopt by the prejudices and igno-
rance of his patients.
  ESP ACES 1NTERC0STAUX, see Costa.
  ESPECE, Powder, compound.
  ESPECES  VULNERAIRES, Falltranck.
  ESPHLA'SIS, from  tis, 'inwards,' and cfXaw,
' I break, bruise,' Ac.  A fracture of the skull  by
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed.
See Depression, and Enthlasis.
  ESPRIT, Spirit—e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiritus
ammonias—e. d'Anis, Spiritus  anisi — e. de Cttm-
phre, Spiritus camphoras—e. de CanneUe, Spiritus
cinnamomi — e. de Carvi,  Spiritus carui — e.  de
Geniivre compose, Spiritus juniperi compositus—
e. deLavande, Spiritus lavandulas—e. de Lavande
compose, Spiritus lavandulas compositus — e.  de
Menthe poivree, Spiritus menthas piperitas—e. de
Muacade, Spiritus myristicas—e. de Pouliot, Spi-
ritus pulegii—e. de Raifort compose, Spiritus ar-
moracias  compositus — e. de  Romarin, Spiritus
rosmarini—e. de Vin deiaye, Spiritus tenuior—e.
de  Vin rectifie, Spiritus rectificatus.
   ESPRITS ANIMA UX, Nervous fluid.
   ESQUILLE, Splinter.
   ESQUINANCIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
   ESQUINE, Smilax China.
   ES'SENCE, Easen'tia, corrupted from existen-
 tia, 'standing out.'(?)  By some, used synony-
mously with  volatile oil; by others, with  simple
 tincture. The oil of peppermint is the oil obtained
 by distillation ; the essence, the  oil diluted with
 spirit  See Tinct. olei menthas.
   Essence of Bardana, Hill's,  Tincturi guaiaci
 ammoniata/—e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura benzoini
 composita—e. of Musk, Tinctura moschi — c. of 
                 ESSENCES

Mustard Pills,  AVhitehead's,  see Sinapis — e. of
Mustard, AVhitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Pep-
permint, Tinctura olei menthas piperitae—e. of
Spearmint, Tinctura olei menthas  viridis — e. of
Sprme. see Pinus Abies.
  E S S E N C E S, Olea volatilia.
  ESSENTIA,  Essence,  Tincture —e. Abietis,
Bee Pinus abies — e. Aloes, Tinctura aloes — e.
Absinthii amara, Tinctura A. composita,—e. Ab-
sinthii composita, Tinctura A. composita—e. An-
timonii seu stibii, Vinum antimonii tartarizati —
e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura cinchonas com-
posita—e. Aromatica, Tinctura cinnamomi com-
posita—e. Castorei, Tinctura castorei—e. Catho-
lica purgans Rothii, Tinctura jalapii composita—
e. de Cedro, Oleum  cedrinum — e. Chinas, Tinc-
tura cinchona1 composita — e. Cinnamomi, Tinc-
tura cinnamomi—e. Neroli, see  Citrus aurantium
— e.  Corticis   Peruviani  antiseptica Huxhami,-
Tinctura cinchonas composita — e.  Corticis Peru-
viana composita,  Tinctura cinchonas amara.
  ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia'lia. The word eaaentidl
has been applied  to the immediate  or active prin-
ciples  of vegetables, which were believed to be
endowed with  the properties of the  plants from
which  they were extracted.  Essential oil was so
called  because it was regarded as the only imme-
diate principle which was essential.  This expres-
sion is retained.  Essential salts are true salts or
extracts which exist, ready formed,  in vegetables ;
and which are obtained by distillation, incinera-
tion, or some other process.
  An essential disease is  synonymous with  a ge-
neral disease ; that is, one not depending on any
local affection ;—not symptomatic.   See Entity.
  ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sare, Morbua
porci'nus, Rosa saltans,  Urtica'ria  porcella'na,
(F.) Ampoules,  Porcelaine.   A species of cutane-
ous eruption, consisting of small, reddish tuber-
cles  over the  whole body,  accompanied  by a
troublesome itching.  It seems to be a variety of
lichen or urticaria.   See  Lichen tropicus.
  ESSIE U, Axis.
  ESSOI 'FFL EMENT, Anhelatio.
  ESTHEMA, Vestitus.
  ESTHESIS, Vestitus.
  ESTIIIOMENE, Esthiomenus.
  ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from taOtw, 'I
eat'   Ex'edens.  (F.) Esthiomene.  That which
devours or eats away.  Certain ulcers and erup-
tions— Dartres ronge.antes—are  SO called.
  ES'TIVAL,  yEstlvus; happening in summer,
belonging to summer.  This epithet is  given  to
summer diseases,  so called because they reign  at
that season, and appear to depend on the influ-
ence  exerted by^it  on the animal  economy.  In
the  United States, the term summer disease or
complaint means disorder of the bowels, as diar-
rhoea, cholera morbus, Ac.
  ESTOMAC. Stomach.
  ESULA Ci'PARISSIAS,  Euphorbia cyparis-
sias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e. Minor,
Euphorbia eyparissias.
  ES CRIES, Hunger.
   ESURIGO, Hunger.
  ESURITIO, Hunger.
  ESYCHIA, Aeinesia.
  ETAGE, Stage.
  ETA IN, Tin — e". de Glace, Bismuth—i. Gris,
Bismuth.
  ETAT GRANULEUX DU REIN, Kidney,
Bright's Disease  of the.
  ETERNUEMENT, Sneezing.
  ETESTICULATIO, Castration.
  ETHER, .Ether, .Ether sulphuricus—e. Acetic,
see .Ether.
  Ether,  Chloric, Chloroform.   Under the
names  concentrated chloric ether  and  strong
3              ETHMYPHITIS

chloric ether, a compound of pure chloroform and
nearly absolute alcohol — in the  proportion  of
one-third of the former to two-thirds of the latter
—has been used as an anassthetic by inhalation, in
the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform.
It is properly an alcoholic solution or tincture of
chloroform.
  Ether,  Chlorohydric,  Chlorinated,  see
.Ether muriaticus—e. Chlorohydrique chlore, see
.Ether muriaticus.
  Ether, Compound.  A preparation consisting
of a solution of chloroform in sulphuric ether,which
has been used as an anassthetic by inhalation,  in
the same cases as chloroform.
  Ether, Hydrochloric, see either—e. Hydro-
cyanic, .Ether hydrocyanicus—e. Muriatic, .Ether
muriaticus—e. Nitric, see .Ether—e. Nitrous, see
.Ether—e. Phosphoric,  see .Ether—e. Rectified,
.Ether  sulphuricus—e.  Sulphuric, jEther  sul-
phuricus — e.  Terebinthinated,  .Ether terebin-
thinatus.
  ETHEREAL, .Ethereal.
  E THE REE, .Ethereal.
  ETHEREOUS,  Ethereal.
  ETHERINE, HYDROCYANATE  OF, either
hydrocyanicus—e. Muriate of, .Ether muriaticus.
  ETHERIZA'TION, sEthcriaa'tio. The aggre-
gate of phenomena induced by the inhalation  of
ether.
  E'THERIZED, yEtherisa'tus.  Presenting the
phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether.
  ETHICS,  MEDICAL, Deontology, medical.
  ETHIOPIAN, see Homo.
  ETHIOPS, see .Ethiops.
  ETHISIS, Filtration.
  ETHISMUS, Filtration.
  ETH'MOID, Ethmo'des, Ethmoi'des, EihmoV-
deus,  from  ndpos,   'a sieve,'  and tilos, 'form.'
Shaped like a sieve.
  Ethmoid  Bone,  Os ethmo'ideum, Os multifor'me,
 Os spongio'sum, Os spongo'i'dea, Os cribro'sum,  Oa
cribrifor'me, Oa cu'bicum, Oa crista'turn, Os fora-
minulen'tum, Os coli for' me, Os colato'rium,  (F.)
 Os cribleux.  One of the eight bones which com-
pose the cranium; so called,  because its upper
plate is pierced  by a  considerable  number  of
holes.   The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante-
rior, inferior, and  middle part of the base of the
 cranium. It seems to be  composed of a multitude
 of  thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminas, which
form more or less spacious cells, called the  Eth-
moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante-
rior and posterior.   These communicate with the
nose, and are lined by a  prolongation of the
pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is con-
stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded  by
the Ethmoid suture.  It is  articulated  with tho
 frontal and sphenoidal bones, the cornua spheno-
idalia, the supierior maxillary bones, the palate
 bones,  the ossa turbinata inferiora,  the vomer,
the proper  bones of the nose, and the lachrymal
 bonea.
   ETHMOID'AL, Ethmo'ida'lia.  Belonging  to
 the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cells, E. suture,
 Ac  The Ethmoidal ajioph'ysis or process is the
advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu-
lates with the ethmoid.  The ethmoidal arteries
are two in  number, the anterior of which arises
from  the ophthalmic artery.  The origin of the
 other varies. The Echancrure ethmoidale of the os
frontis  receives the ethmoid bones.  The Ethmoi-
dal veins correspond to the arteries.
   ETIIMOSYNE, Habit.
   ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue.
   ETIIMYPHPTIS, Inflamma'tio tela cellulo'sa,
from nBpos,  'a sieve,' 'vtpn, 'texture,' and itis, de-
noting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of the cel-
lular membrane.
Z4 
            ETHMYPH0TYL0SI3           34

  ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue.
  ETHOS, Habit
  ETHULE, CYANURET  OF, -Ether.
  E THUSE, .Ethusa cynapium—e. Meum, .Ethu-
sa meum.
  ETHYLE, CHLORIDE 0F, ^ther muri-
aticus.
  ETIOLA'TION,  Blanching,  (F.)  Etiolement.
That state of plants which occurs in consequence
of privation of light, when they become pale and
watery.  In pathology,  it is  sometimes used to
denote the  paleness produced in those persons
who have been  kept long without  light; or a
similar paleness, the result of chronic disease.
  ETIOLEMENT, Etiolation.
  ETIOLOGY, .Etiologia.
  ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL, Deontology, me-
dical.
  ETISE,  Hectisis—e. Mesenterique, Tabes me-
senterica.
  ETOILE, Stella.
  ETON NEE, Stunned.
  ETOUFFEMENT, Suffocation.
  ETOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo.
  ETRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hysteria
—e. dea Inteatina, Enteremphraxis.
  E TRIER, Stapes.
  ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium.
  ETRON'CUS,  from  nrpov, 'the lower belly,'
and oyxos, ' a tumour.'   A tumour of the  lower
belly.
  ETUVE, Stove—e\ Humide, Bath, vapour.
  ETUVER, to Foment
  EU, £«, ' good, proper,' when prefixed to words.
Hence:
  EUE'MIA, from eu, 'well,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'
A good condition of the blood.
  EUjESTHE'SIA, from tv,  'well,' and ataOnats,
' perception.' Arigorous perception. A good con-
dition of the perceptive faculties.
  EUEISTHE'TOS.  Same etymon.  One whose
senses are in full vigour.
  EUANALEP'SIS, from tv,  'good,'  and ava-
Xn4'is, 'recovery.' Rapid restoration to strength.
  EUANTHEMON,  Anthemis nobilis.
  EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA, see Kino.
  EUCHRCE'A,  from tv, 'good,' and xPola> 'co~
lour.'   A good or healthy colour of the skin.  A
good appearance of the surface.
  EUCHYM'IA,  from  ev,  'well,'  and xvu°s>
'juice.'   A  good state of the  humours.
  EUCRA'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and xpaais, 'tem-
perament'   A good temperament.
  EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from tvltairvevaros,  'one
who breathes well.'   Easy transpiration.
  EUECTICA (medicina) Gymnastics.
  EUEL'CES,  from tv,  'well,' and  'eXxos, 'an
ulcer.'   One  in whom  wounds and  ulcers  are
readily healed.
  EU'EMES, Euem'etoe,  from  tv,  'well,' and
tpew,  ' I vomit'   That  which  readily excites
vomiting.  One who vomits with facility.
  EUETHES, Benign.
  EUEXTA, from ev, 'well,' and 't^is, ' constitu-
t;on.'   A good constitution.
  EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis.
  EUGE'NIA CARYOPIIYLLA'TA, called after
Prince Eugene.  Garrophyl'lua, Caryophyl'lua aro-
mat'icua, Myrtus caryophyl'lua.  The  Indian tree
which affords the clove.  Order, Myrtacese.  The
Clove, Caryophyl'lua, C.  aromat'icua, is the unex-
pended bud, (F.) Girofie, Gerofie, Girophle.  Its
4              EUPATORIUM

 odour is  strong, aromatic, and peculiar; taste,
 pungent and  acrid.   Like all substances, whose
 virtue depends  upon essential oil, it is stimulant
 and carminative.  It is  generally used as a cor-
 rigent to other remedies, and in cases where sub-
 stances containing the essential oils are demanded.
 The oil, (F.) Huile de Gerofie—Oleum caryojthyl-
 li, Oil of Cloves—has the properties of the cloves.
   EIIGION, Hymen.
   EULOPHIA,  see Salep.
   EUNUCH,  Eunu'eliua, from  mm?, 'the  bed,'
 and txw, ' I keep.'  Hcmian'drua, Hcmianor, He-
 mi anthro'pita,  Semimaa, Semimas'cuius, Scmivir,
 Thla'diaa, Thla'sias, Thlib'ias, Castra'tus, Galius,
 Excastra'tus, Evira'tus, Emascula'tus, Spado, Ex-
 sec'tus, Extesticula'tus, Extom'ius, Sem'ivir, Semi-
 mascula'tus.   One whose organs  of generation
 have been removed,  or so altered, that  he is ren-
 dered incapable  of reproducing his species, or of
 exercising the  act  of venery.   Eunuchs were
 common with the ancient  Romans.  In Italy,
 this horrible mutilation still takes place to  im-
 prove the voice;  and in  the  East, eunuchs have
 the surveillance  of the seraglio.
   EUNUCHISMUS, Castration.
   EUNUCHIUM MECONIS, Lettuce.
   EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
   EUODES, Beneolentia.
   EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba.
   Euon'ymus  America'nus,  Strawberry bush,
 Strawberry  tree, Burning  bush,  Indian  arrow-
 wood.   A shrub  of  the Nat. Ord.  Celastraceas,
 Sex.  Syst. Pentandria  monogynia,  which, like
 the next,  is found throughout the United States
 and Canada;  flowering from May to June.
   Euon'ymus  Atropurpu'reus, Burning bush,
 Spindle tree,  Indian  Arrow wood,  flowers from
 June to July.
   From these  varieties of Euonymus the  Wahoo
 or Whahoo bark is said to be obtained.  It is diu-
 retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca-
 thartic, and has  been used in dropsy in infusion,
 in the proportion of  an ounce to a pint of water.
   EUPATHI'A,  Euphor'ia, from tv, 'well,' and
 iraSos, ' suffering.' A  disposition for being affected
 by pain easily.  Also, a good state of health.
   EUPATOIRE D'AVICENNE, Eupatorium
 cannabinum—e.  Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo-
 liatum.
   EUPATORIUM, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
   Eupato'rium  Ageratoi'des,  White Snakeroot;
 indigenous; flowering in August and September;
 has  the same properties  as  Eupatorium perfo-
 liatum.
   Eupato'rium  Cannab'inum,  called  after Mi-
 thridates  Eupator, Eupato'rium,  E. Arab'icum
 seu  Japon'icum  seu  trifolid turn,  Cannab'ina
 aquat'ica, Hemp agrimony,  Eupatorium  of Avi-
 cenna, Herb of Saint  Cunegonde,  Trifo'lium cer-
 vlnum, Orig'an.um aqualicum, (F.) Eupatoire
 d'Avicenne.    Family, Synanthereas; Sex. Syst.
 Syngenesia asqualis.  The juice of this plant
 proves violently  emetic and  purgative, if taken
 in sufficient quantity.  It has been considered
 diuretic, cathartic and emetic.
   Eupatorium  Connatum,  E.  perfoliatum — e.
 Guaco, Guaco—e. Japonicum, E. Cannabinum—
 e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum.
   Eupatorium  Perfolia'tum,   E.  Conna'tum,
 Eupatorium—(Ph. U. S.)   (F.) Eupatoire perce-
 feuille ; Boneset, Thor'onghwort,  Thor'onghstem,
 Thor'ougwax,  Vegetable  antimony,  Crosswort,
 Agueireed, Feverwort, Indian sage,Joe-pye, Teazel,
 Sweating  plant,  is a plant which grows  in low,
 wet meadows  throughout the United States.  It
 is considered to be stimulating, tonic, emetic, pur-
34 
EUPEPSIA
345
EUSTACHIAN
gative, diuretic,  and sudorific.  Dose, gr. xv. of
the powder, as a gentle purgative.
  Eupatorium, Purple-stalked, E. purpureum.
  Eupatorium  Purpu'reum,  Mohawk  tassel,
Purple-stalked Eupato'rium,  Trumpet  weed,  is
used in similar cases, as well as
  Eupatorium Sessilifo'lium, Upland Boneset,
and
  Eupatorium Teucrifo'lium, Wild horehound,
Germander-lea red horehound.
  Eupatorium Trtfoliatum, E. Cannabinum.
  EUPEP'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and irtirrw, 'I di-
gest.'   A good digestion.   The antithesis to dys-
pepsia.
  EUPEP'TIC, Eupep'tus, Eupep'ticus.   Same
etymon.  Relating to a good digestion.  One en-
dowed with a good digestion.
  EUPHLO'GIA, from ev, 'well,' and tpXeyw,  'I
burn.'  Mild inflammation.  Variola.
  EU'PHONY,  Eupho'nia, from  tv, 'well,' and
tpwvn, ' voice'  An agreeable or regular voice.
  E UP HOR BE CYPRES, E. cyparissias — e.
dea Maraia, E. palustris—e. Vomitive,  E. ipecac-
uanha.
   EUPIIOR'BIA CAPITA'TA, Caa cica.   Ord.
Euphorbiaceas.   A Brazilian  plant,  which  is
strongly  astringent and  not poisonous.   It  is
considered to be one of the best remedies for the
bites  of serpents.  It  is,  also, called  Colubri'na
Luaitail ica.
   Euphorbia  Corolla'ta, Large flowering
spurge, Milkweed,  Snakes' milk,  Ipecacuan'ha,
Hippo, Piccic, Ip'ecac, Milk purslain, Purge root,
Emet'ic root, Rowman's root, Apple root, Indian
Physic, has similar properties to the last.  The
dose of the root is the same.
   Euphorbia  Cyparis'sias,  Es'ula  minor seu
 Cyparissias, Euphor'bia   Cypresslna,  Tithym'-
 aliis Cyparia'aia.   The Cypreea apurge, (F.) Eu-
 phorbe cypria.   This, like most of the spurges,
 is  very acrimonious.  Amongst  the  rustics,  it
 was formerly called poor man'a rhubarb, and was,
 consequently, a laxative.   It is not used.
   Euphorbia Cypressina, E. Cyparissais.
   Euphorbia IIypericifo'lia.  A native of the
 United States.  It is astringent and tonic. Used
 in  infusion—f3ss to Oj of boiling water.   Dose,
 a tablespoonful.
    Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Aniaophyllum Ipe-
 cacuanha,  Ipecacuanha  apurge,  (F.)  Euphorbe
 vomitive.  This species of spurge is common in
 tho southern and middle parts  of the  United
 States.   The root is  a powerful  emetic, in the
 dose of from five to fifteen grains : twenty grains
 act as a cathartic likewise.  In large doses, it acts
 as a narcotico-acrid.
    Euphorbia Lath'yris.  The systematic name
 of the plant which affords the leaaer  catapu'tia
 seeds, Catapu'tia minor, Caper spurge, Lath'yris,
 Gar'den  spurge,  Caper  plant, Mole-plant.  Ti-
 thym'alus latifo'lius  seu la'thyris, Galarhce'ua
 Latllyria.  The seeds possess cathartic  properties,
 and  an  expressed oil of  the seeds— O'leum Eu-
 phor'bia Lathyr'idis — has  been  given as a ca-
 thartic in the dose of six to twelve drops.
    Euphorbia  Officina'rum.  The   systematic
 name of the plant which  affords the Euphorbium,
 Euphorbia gummi-resi'na, Gummi euphorbia, in
 greatest  abundance.   The euphorbium is  an  in-
 odorous  gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have
 the appearance  of being worm-eaten.  It enters
 into  the  composition  of  some plasters, and has
 been used as an errhine.
    Euphorbia  Palus'tris, E. panicula'ta,
 Greater apurge, Es'ula major, Tithym'alus palus'-
 tris,  Galarha'ua palus'tris, Marsh spurge, (F.)
 Euphorbe  des marais.  The  juice is  given,  in
Russia, as a common purge.  It is used, too, as
an irritant in tinea, warts, Ac.
  Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villosa, or E,.
Pilo'sa have been brought forward as preven-
tives  of  hydrophobia — the  bitten  part  being
washed with a decoction, and, at the  same time,
the decoction being taken internally.
  Euphorbia Paniculata, E. palustris.
  Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithynlalus paralias,
Sea apurge.   This  is violently cathartic and irri-
tating, and is seldom used.
  Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris—
e. A'illosa, see Euphorbia palustris.
  JpiT- All the spurges  are vesicant  and rubefa-
cient, when applied externally.
  EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum.
  EUPHORIA, Eupathia.
  EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia officinalis.
  EUPHRA'SIA,  E. Officina'lis seu Min'ima seu
Imbrica'ta, Ocula'ria, Euphra'gia, Ophthalmica,
Eyebright, (F.) Eufraise, Casae-Lunette.  It has
been recommended in diseases of  the eye, but is
unworthy of notice.
  EUPLAS'TIC,  Euplaa'ticus:  from tv, 'well,'
and irXao-o-fci,  ' I  form.'   Having the  capacity of
becoming organizable in a high degree, — as in
false membranes resulting from acute inflamma-
tion in a healthy person.
  EUPLEURUM  SERRULATUxAI, Diosma cre-
nata.
  EUPNGS'A, from  ev, 'well,'  and irvtw,  'I  re-
spire.'  Freedom or facility of respiration.
  EURHYTH'MIA, from ev, 'well,' and pvSpos,
'rhythm.'  Regularity of the pulse.
  EURIBALI, Juribali.
  EURODES, Carious.
  EURODON'TICUS,  from  tvpos, 'caries,'  and
olovs, ' a tooth.'  Suffering from carious teeth.
  EURUS,  tvpvs,  'mould,  putrefaction,' Mucor,
Cariea.   Corruption of  the humours.
  EURYCHORIA, Sinus.
  EURYCLES, Engastrimyth.
  EURYCLITUS, Engastrimyth.
  EURYSMUS, Dilatation.
   EURYTH'MIA, Euryth'mue, from  tv,  'well,'
and pvQpos, ' rhythm.'   Regularity of pulse, both
as regards quantity and quality.
   EUSAR'CUS, from tv, well,' and  empf, 'flesh.'
One who is fleshy, robust, muscular.
   EUSEMI'A,  from  tv, 'well,' and anpuov,  'a
sign.'  A collection of good signs.
   EUSPLANCH'NIA,  from  tv, 'well,'  and
airXayxvov, 'a viscus.'  A  healthy state  of  the
viscera.
   EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE, Tuba Euatachia'na,
Syrin'ga, Syrinx,  Mea'tua cacua,  Tuba Ariatotel-
ica, Ductua  auria palatlnua, Iter a  Pala'to ad
Aurem, (F.)  Trompe ou Conduit d'Euatache,  Con-
duit guttural de I'oreille—Ch.  This tube was so
 called  from  its  discoverer, Eustachius.  It is
partly bony  and partly cartilaginous :  extending
 from the cavity of the  tympanum to  the upper
 part  of  the  pharynx.   Its length is  about  two
 inches;  the  bony portion which belongs to the
 temporal bone, is  about three-fourths of an  inch
 long.  It is lined, internally, by a prolongation
 of the lining membrane of  the  pharynx.  Its
 nerves are furnished by the palatin  branches of
 the ganglion of Meckel, and its vessels proceed
 from those of the pharynx and velum  pendulum.
 The use of the tube seems to  be, to permit tho
 renewal of air in  the cavity of the tympanum.
   Ecsta'chian Atalve,  Valve  of  Eueta'chiua,
  Valvule d'Euatachi ou  d'Eu8tache.  A membra-
| nous, semilunar fold,  which corresponds to the
 opening of the vena cava inferior into the right
i auricle of the heart 
EUSTHENIA
346
EXAMBLOSIS
  EUSTHENI'A,  Vigor, Exuberan'tia, from tv,
'well," and o-foiof, 'strength.'  Flourishing, exu-
berant health.—Hippocrates.
  EUSTOM'ACHUS, from  ev, 'well,' and  oro-
paxos, ' stomach.'   Digesting rapidly.  Having a
good stomach.
  EUTAXTA, from tv, 'well,' and raaaw,  'I ar-
range.'  Euthe'eia.  A well-ordered constitution,
in which every part has its proper relation.   The
ready return  of a rupture, or of a luxated bone.
  EUTHANA'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and Bavaros,
'death.'  An easy  death.
  EUTHESIA, Eutaxia.
  EUTHYENTERON, Rectum.
  EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the
Rectum.
  EUTIIYMTA, An'imi tranquillitaa, from ev,
' well,' and %pos, ' mind.' Tranquillity of mind.
A good state  of the mental faculties.
  EUTHYPNOE,  Orthopnosa.
  EUTHYPNffiA, Orthopnosa.
  EUTOCIA, from tv, 'well,' androicoj, 'delivery.'
An easy labour. Fecundity.
  EUTROPHTA,  from tv, 'well,' and  rpo^i?,
' nourishment'   A good state of nutrition.
  EUTROPH'IC,  Eutroph'icus, same etymon.  A
term introduced into medical terminology, by the
author, for an agent whose action  is exerted on
the system of nutrition,  without necessarily oc-
casioning  manifest increase of any of the secre-
tions.
  The chief eutrophics are,—mercuriale, the pre-
parations of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the
prepar%tiona of gold and ailver,  sulphur, sugar,
and aaraaparilla.
  EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas.
  EVACUANTS,  Evacuailtia, from  e, and va-
cuare, ' to  empty.'  (F.) Evacuatifa.  Medicines
are so called  which occasion a discharge by some
emunctory; such as-purgatives, emetics, Ac.
  EVACUATIFS, Evaeuants.
  EArACUATIO, Evacuation, Excretion.
  EArACUA'TION.   Same  etymon.   The dis-
charge  of  any matter whatever by the  natural
passages or by an artificial opening.
  EVANOUISSEMENT, Syncope.
  EVAN  ROOT, Geum Virginianum.
  EVAPORATION,  Evapora'tio,  Vapora'tio,
Exhala'tio, from e, and vaporare, ' to  emit a va-
pour.'  Transformation  of a liquid into vapour,
in order to obtain the fixed matters contained  in
it dry and separate from the liquid.  AVhen the
vapour is  received in a proper vessel and  con-
densed, the process is called distillation.  Evapo-
ration produces cold, and this is one of the pro-
cesses by which the body is cooled, through the
evaporation of the  perspiratory fluid.
  EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Evaux
is situate in  Auvergne, in  France.  The waters
are hvdrosulphurous and thermal.
  EA'ENTRA'TION,  Eventra'tio, Hypogaatro-
rix'ia, from e, ' out of,' and venter, ' the belly.'  A
tumour, formed by a general relaxation of the
parietes of the abdomen, and containing  a great
part  of the  abdominal  viscera.   Also,  ventral
hernia, or that which occurs in any other way
than  through the  natural openings of the abdo-
minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive wound
of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater
part of the intestines.
   EVEN'TUS, from e, 'out of,' and  venire, 'to
come.'   Apobalnon, Apobesom'enon, Ecbeaom'-
enon, Termina'tio  morbi.  The event or iaaue of a
disease, either favourable or unfavourable
   EVERLASTING,   DIO3CI0US, Antennaria
dioica.
  EVERRIC'ULUM,  Specil'lum.   A  sort  of
sound or scoop, used for extracting sand or frag-
ments of stone or clots of blood from the  bladder,
after or during the operation of lithotomy.
  EArERSIO PALPEBR^E, Ectropion.
  EVIGILATION, see Sleep.
  EVIL, THE, Scrofula—e. King's, Scrofula.
  EA'IRATIO, Castration.
  EArIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
  EVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
  EA'OLUTIO, Development—e. Spontanea,
Evolution, spontaneous.
  EVOLU'TION, SPONTANEOUS,  Ver'aiosew
Evolu'tio aponta'nea, from e, and volvere,  ' to roll.'
Sponta'neoua  ver'aion,  Sponta'neoua  expulsion,
Duplication of the foetus.  A  term, applied, by
Dr. Denman, to what he considered to be a spon-
taneous turning of the  foetus in utero, in an arm
presentation, in  consequence of powerful uterine
contractions forcing out the breech and feet, whilst
the arm recedes.  It is now usually considered
to .be a doubling of the foetus, so that the arm
changes its  position but little, whilst  the breech
is forcibly expelled before  the upper extremity;
—the case becoming similar to a breech presen-
tation.
  Evolution, Vesicle of,  Vesicle of develop-
ment.
  EVOMITIO, A^omiting.
  EVONYMUS, Euonymus^
  EVUL'SION, Avulsion, Evul'sio, from evcllere,
(e. and vellere,)  ' to pluck out'  Apotil'mos, Et-
til'mos, Tilmos.   The  action  of plucking  out;
forcible extraction.  (F. )  Arrachement.  This
word is oftener used by the French than by the
English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain
parts, the presence of which is injurious,—as the

  EX  MARIBUS, Castratus.
  EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation, Paroxysm.
  EXACERBA'TION, Exacerba'tio, Exaspera'-
tio, Excrescen'tia, from exacerbare, (ex, and aecr-
bus,) 'to provoke.'   (F.) Redoublement.   An in-
crease  in the symptoms of a disorder.  Often Used
synonymously with paroxysm.
  EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba.
  EXiEMATOSIS, Hasmatosis.
  EXiBMIA, Anasmia.
  EXiEMOS, Exanguious.
  EXiE'RESIS, from  ££, 'out of,' and aiproi, 'I
take away.'   A surgical operation, which consists
in drawing,  extracting, or  removing, from  the
human  body, every thing that is useless,  noxious,
or extraneous.  It  is a generic term, which in-
cludes extraction, evulsion,  evacuation, excision,
ablation, amputation, Ac.
  Ex^resis, Extraction.
  EXAGION.  The sixth part of  an ounce:—
four scruples.—Actuarius.
  EXAG'GERATED, Exaggera'tus, (Y.)Exugfr(.
Heightened.  Increased by expression.   An epi-
thet for sounds heard on auscultation and per-
cussion; when much increased — Hypcreche'aia,
Hypereche'ma.
  EXAL'MA,  from t!;, out of,'  and aXXopai,  'I
leap.'   Exalsia.  Hippocrates calls thus the dis-
placement of the vertebras.
  EXALSIS, Exalma. Leap.
  EXALTA'TION OF THE VITAL FORCES,
Exdlta'tio vi'rium.  This  expression has  been
used,  by modern pathologists,  to designate  a
morbid  increase in the action of organs,  and
partly that which  occurs in an  inflamed organ.
Some  use exaltation of the vital forces, and in-
flammation, synonymously.
   EXAMBLOMA,  Abortion.
   EXAMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 
EXAMEN
347
EXCITATION
  EX^AMEN  RIGORO'SUM.   'Rigorous exa-
mination.'  An examination  of a Candidate for
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Prussian
Universities, which, like  the  Tentamen medicum,
is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the
medical faculty on all branches of medicine.
     EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis.
     EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence
     EXANGI'A, from  t£ayyic~w, (t!-, and ayyos, 'a
  vessel,')  'I evacuate from a vessel.'  Exangd'a.
  An enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel,
  without external opening.  A genus in the order
  Dysthetica, class Hamatica of Good.   It com-
  prises aneurism and varix.
     Exangia Aneurisma, Aneurism.
     EXAN'GUIOUS, Exa'mos, Exsan'guis, from
  ex, out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.'  One who seems
  bloodless ; as a female, who has suffered  largely
  from uterine hemorrhage.
     EX ANI A, Proctocele.
     EXANIMA'TION,  Exanima'tio, from ex, 'out
  of,' and anima, 'the spirit'  This word has two
  acceptations.   Sometimes, it means  real death,
  corresponding  with the Greek Savaros, mors.  At
  others, it signifies apparent death, corresponding
  with the Greek a\l«^(a, txipvxia, exXvais,  Ani'mi
  dcli'quinm.
    EXAN'THEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'maernp'tio,
  Epanthe'ma, Efflorescen'tia, Exanthis'ma, Ecthy'-
  ma, Epanaate'ma, Epanthe'ma, Epanthia'ma, Ef-
  flora'tio, from e$av$ew,  (e%, and avdew,) 'I flourish.'
  A rash. (F.) Elemre.   Under this term, is com-
  prehended,  by  some, every kind of eruption, of
  which  the skin  is the  seat   Others comprehend
  by it those eruptions  that are accompanied  by
  fever, Febres cxanthemat'ica: including,  under
  the head of the major  exanthemata, those which
  attack  a person but once in his life,  and which
  are communicated by  specific contagion; and,
  under the  minor exanthemata, those  which are
  not marked by these'characteristics.  Small-pox,
  measles, cow-pox, Ac, belong  to  the major:—
  chicken-pox, herpes, lichen,  Ac, to the minor.
  The general acceptation of Exanthem is, how-
 ever, a  more or less vivid, circumscribed, or dif-
 fuse redness of the skin,  which diminishes  or
 disappears  transiently under  the pressure  of the
 finger.
   Exanthem, Carbuncular, Anthracia—e. Icho-
 rous, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis — e.
 Rash, En an thesis.
   EXANTHEAIA, Eminence—e. Internum, Eis-
 anthema.
   Exanthe'ma  Iod'icum.  An eruption of dark-
 red definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over
 the whole body, without the formation of scales,
 and disappearing only  after  a long  time, which
 seems to be produced occasionally by the use of
 iodine.
   Ex wthema Miliaria, Miliary fever—e. Pes-
 tis.  Plague,—e.  Antivariolos'um, Araccina—e. Se-
 rosum. Pemphigus—e. Strophulus, Strophulus__
 e. Urtieatnm, Urticaria—e. Vaccina, A'accina—e.
 A'aricella, Araricella.
   EXANTHEMAT'ICA.  Same etymon. Erup'-
 tire fevers.   Cutaneous  eruptions, essentially ac-
 companied with  fever; — the third  order in the
 class Hamatica of Good.
  EXANTIIEMATIS'CHESIS, Exanthematos'-
 cheaia, from ttnvdnpa, 'exanthem,' and lo-var, 'to
 withhold.'   Suppression of a cutaneous eruption.
  FIXAVTUKXIATOL'OGY,E.ranthe»,atolog"ia,
from  i^avBr/pa,  'exanthem,' and  Xoyos,  'a dis-
course.'   The doctrine of cutaneous eruptions.
  EXANTHEAIATOPHTITAL'AIIA,0jU/!//Y«(W-
10  e.ra'ithemat'ica.  from t^avOnpa,  ' exanthem,'
and otpdaXpia, ' inflammation of the eye.'   Oph-
  thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a cu-
  taneous eruption.
    EXANTHEME  INTESTINALE,  see Ty-
  phus.
    EXANTHESIS, see  Efflorescence—e. Arthro-
  sia, Dengue, — e. Roseola, Roseola,—e. Rubeola,
  Rubeola.
    EXANTIIISMA, Exanthem.
    EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia.
    EXAPSIS, Inflammation.
    EXARAG'MA, from t^apaaaw, 'I tear away,'
  ' I break.'   Collision, violent fracture or friction.
    EXARCHIA'TER.   Chief of the archiatri  or
  chief of physicians, a title, like that of Comes Ar-
  chiatro'rum, given  to the chief physician of an
  emperor or king.   Archiater appears  to have
  meant, at times, the same thing.
    EXARMA, Swelling.
    EXAR'SIO.  A burning heat
    EXARTEMA, Amuletum.
    EXARTERI'TIS, Exarterii'tis, from t|, 'out
  of,'  and arteria,  ' an artery.'  Inflammation of
  the outer coat of an artery.
    EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain.
    EXARTHROMA, Luxation.
    EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain—e. Pareti-
  ca, see Pareticus.
    EXARTICULATIO,  Amputation,  joint,
  Luxatio.
    EXARYSIS, Exhaustion.
    EXASPIRATIO, Exacerbation.
    EXCECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallocbum.
    EXCALEFACTIO, Echauffement.
    EXCARNA'TION, Excama'tio, from ex, and
 caro, 'flesh.' A mode of making anatomical pre-
 parations, which consists in separating injected
 vessels from the parts in which they are situate.
 This is done by means of corrosion by an acid or
 by putrefaction.
   EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch.
   EXCATHTSMA, Bath, half, Semicupium.
   EXCEREBRATIO, Eceephalosis.
   EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious.
   EXCERNENT, Secreting.
   EXCIDENTIA, Ecptoma.
   EXCIPTENT,  Excip'iens,  from excipere, (ex,
 and capere,)  'to  receive.'  (F.)  Intcrmede.   A
 substance, which, in  a  medicinal  prescription,
 gives form  and consistence to it, and serves as a
 vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the other
 ingredients.
   EXCIPULA, Cup.
   EXCISTO. Entaille.
   EXCIS'ION, Excis'io, from excidere. (ex, and
 cadere,) 'to  cut off.' Ec'tome. A surgical  opera-
 tion,  by which parts of a small size are removed
 with a cutting instrument.
   EXCITABIL'ITY, Exritabil'itas.  Irritability.
 The faculty,  possessed by living beings, of being
 sensible to the action of excitants.  The doctrine
 of  excitability forms an important part of the
 Brunonian svstera.
  EXCITANT, Stimulant.
  EXCITA'TION, Excita'tio, Excite'ment; same
 etymon; from excitare, (ex, and rifare,) 'to ex-
 cite'  The act of exciting; the state of an  oro-an
 or  organs excited.  Excitement is,  sometimes,
 used  synonymously  with augmented  arterial"
 action.  The effect of the exciting powers actino-
 on  the excitability, according  to Brown, consti°
 tutes excitement. Cullen used the terra to'express
the restoration of the energy  and action of the
brain, which had been interrupted  bv sleep or
some debilitating cause,—a state oppose to that
of collapae.   Not unfrequently it is emploved in
the sense of excessive action, — Super-nxrita'ia
(F.\ Sur-excitation. 
EXCITED DISEASES           348             EXFOLIATIVE
  EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
  EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory.
  EXCI'TO-MO'TORY.  An epithet  applied by
Dr. Marshall Hall to a division of the nervous
system—comprising the gray matter of the spinal
marrow, with the afferent and efferent nerves con-
nected with it; — all of which  are concerned  in
reflex actions ; or those by which impressions are
transmitted to a centre, and reflected  so  as  to
produce muscular contraction without sensation
or volition.   See Nerves.
  The term excito-motion has also been employed
to signify motion  no matter how excited, by the
reflex nerves or  by volition—C. J. B. Williams.
  EXCORIATIO, Ecdora.
  EXCORIA'TION,  Excoria'tio, Excoriatu'ra,
Am'yche, from ex, and corium, 'skin.' (F.) Ecor-
chure.   A slight wound, which  removes only the
skin.
  EXCORIATURA, Excoriation.
  EXCREA'TION,  Excrea'tio, Exscrea'tio,
Screa'tus, Raaca'tio,  from ex,  and acreare, ' to
spit'  Act  of spitting.  (F.) 'Orachement.  See
Exspuitio.
  EX'CREMENT, Excremen'tum, Retrimen'tum,
Excre'tum,  Excre'tio,  Perito'ma, Diaehore'ma,
Aph'odoa, Aphodeu'ma, Apocho'reon, Apoc'rieia,
Ardaa, Ar'daloa, from excemere, (ex, and cernere,)
'to separate,' 'cleanse.' Every thing, which is eva-
cuated from the body of an animal by the natural
emunctories, as  superfluous; such  as the  faecal
matters, the urine, perspiration, nasal mucus, Ac
Generally, however, the term is restricted to the
fascal evacuations;—Purgamenta, Hedra,  Sedes,
Faces, Stercus, Cacce, Spat'ile,  (especially  when
liquid,) Dejec'tio alvlna, O'nera alvi, Sordes ven-
tria, Hypochore'ma, Cce'lia, Hypochore'sis, Merda,
Merdus, Catarrhex'ie, Coproa, Scor.
  Excrement, Human, Stercus humanum.
  EXCREMENTIT"IAL, Excrementil'ioua, Ex-
crementil'iua, (F.) Excrimenteux, Excrementitiel.
That which is similar to excrement, and forms
part of it.  Excrementitial  humours or parts are
those destined to  be evacuated as  incapable  of
administering to the nutrition of the body.
  EXCREMEN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,^a:-
cremento - recrementit"ious.   Animal  fluids, in-
tended to be partly absorbed and partly rejected.
  EXCRES'CENCE,  Excresecn'tia,  Eephy'ma,
Phymato'sia, Hyperaarco'ais, Sarcophy'ia,  Caro
excrea'cena,  from excreacere,  (ex, and crescere,)
'to grow outwards.'  (F.)  Excroiaaance.   A tu-
mour, which forms at the surface of organs, and
especially on the  skin, mucous membranes,  or
ulcerated surfaces.   Excrescences differ in size,
shape, cause. Ac, and  each requires  its  own
treatment.   Warts, condylomata, polypi, hemor-
rhoids, belong to this head.
  EXCRESCENTIA,   Exacerbation,  Protube-
rance, Tumour — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun-
gosa, Fungosity—e. Gingivas, Epulis—e. Vesicas
urinarias carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis.
  EXCRETA, see Excretion.
  EXCRETIO,  Excretion, Excrement—e. Alvi-
na, Defecation—e. Fascum alvinarum, Defecation
—e. Urinas involuntaria, Enuresis.
  EXCRE'TION, Excre'tio, Ec'crisis,  Evacud-
tio,  Ejec'tio, Expul'sio,  Egea'tio,  Diachore'ai8,
from excemere,  (ex, and cernere,) 'to separate.'
The separation or throwing off  of those matters,
Excre'ta, Egea'ta, lon'ta, Apion'ta, from the body
of an animal, which are supposed  to be useless,
as the urine, perspiration, and fasces.
  EX'CRETORY,  Excreto' rius; same etymon.
An Excretory veaael or duct is  one which trans-
mits the fluid secreted by a gland, either exter-
nally or into the reservoirs  into which  it  has to
be  deposited.   The  existence of  an excretory
duct was  regarded as a distinctive character of
the glands properly so called.
  Excretory  Organ means any one charged
with the office of excreting : thus, the skin is
said to be an excretory organ, because through
it the perspiration takes place.
  EXCRETUM, Excrement.
  EXCROISSANCE, Excrescence.
  EXCU'TIA VENTRICULI,  Stomach Brueh.
An instrument, composed  of iron  or brass wire,
at one of  the  extremities of which is a pencil of
bristles.   Some ancient authors  proposed this to
extract  foreign bodies from  the oesophagus, aa
well as to  cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena-
cious matters adhering to it.
  EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele.
  EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi.
  EXEDENS, see Herpes exedens.
  EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration.
  EXELCYS'MOS,  from  £f, 'from,' and  tXxvw,
'I draw.'  Extraction.  Also the act of breaking
out into ulcers.
  EXELCYSMUS, Extraction.
  EXENTERATION, Exenterismus.
  EXENTERIS'MUS, Exenter'iaie, Exentera'-
tio,  Exenteration, Eviscera'tion,  Unbow'ellivg,
Viscera'tion, from t£,  ' out of,' and tvrtpov, ' an
intestine.'  The operation of disembowelling or
eviscerating.
  EXERA'MA, from t^tpaw, ' I throw out.'  Any
thing cast out.  Vomiting; or the matter vomited.
—Hippocrates.
  EX'ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercil'ium, Asce'-
gi«, Gymna'aion, from exercere, 'to  work.' Every
motion of the body arising from the contraction
of muscles subjected to the will.  Also, the action
of any organ whatever.  Exercise may be active
or paaaive.  The  passive are  referred  to, under
the head  of  Gestation.  The  chief active  exer-
cises are: — walking, running, dancing, hunting,
fencing, playing at ball, cricket, racket, quoits,
swimming, declamation, singing,  Ac.  Exercise
is  an important  prophylactic,  particularly  for
those disposed to  be plethoric. .  It improves the
digestion; augments  the secretions; and, when
used in  moderation, gives strength to the body;
but when  carried to excess, produces debility and
disease.
  EXERRHO'SIS, from £f, 'out of/ and pew, 'I
flow.'  The  discharge which takes place by  in-
sensible perspiration.
  EXFffiTATION, see Pregnancy.
  EXFOLIA'TION,  Exfolid tio,  Deaquama'tio,
Eclep'iaie, from ex, and folium, 'a  leaf.'  By this
is meant the separation of the dead portions of a
bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or cartilage, under the
form of lamellae or small scales.  Exfoliation is
accomplished  by  the  instinctive  action of the
parts, and its object  is to detach the dead por-
tions from those subjacent, which are  still alive.
For this purpose the latter throw out fleshy gra-
nulations, and a more or less abundant suppura-
tion occurs,  which tends to  separate the exfoli-
ated part, — now  become  an extraneous body.
The ancients distinguished exfoliation into senai-
ble and inaenaible, according as the dead portions
of bone were detached in fragments of greater or
less size, or in very thin pieces, and in an almost
insensible manner.   When the dead  part em-
braces all or almost all the  substance of a bone,
it takes the name  Sequestrum.
   EXFO'LIATIArE, Exfoliatlvua, Deaquamato'-
rius.  That which takes away by leaves or scales.
The torm has been applied to  certain  medicines,
which were regarded as proper to hasten  exfo-
liation, such as alcohol, oil of turpentine, tincture
of myrrh, Ac.
   Exfoliative Trepan, Eclepisitrep'anum.  An 
EXHALAISON              349            EXOPHTHALMIA
ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping ex-
foliating portions of bone.
  EX HA IAISO N, Exhalation.
  EXHA'LAXT, Exha'lent, Exha'lana, from ex-
halare, (ex, and halare, 'to breathe,') 'to exhale,'
'throw out.'
  Exhalant  Vessels,  Vaaa  exhalan'tia,  are
very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary
system.  They are situate in every tissue of the
body, and on the surface of the mucous and se-
rous membranes and skin ;  on which each pours
its particular fluid.  Bichat distinguished three
sets.  1. The external, terminating on the mucous
and  external dermoid  system, where  they  pour
the matter of perspiration.  2.  The  internal, com-
prising those of the areolar and medullary tis-
sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3.  The nutri-
tive  exha/ants, which vary in  each  organ where
they are found, and preside  over the phenomena
of composition and increase of every part of the
body.  The exhalants are the antagonists of the
absorbents.   They are  imaginary  vessels,  inas-
much as they cannot be detected.
  EXHALATIO, Evaporation.
  EXHALA'TION,  Exhala'tio; same  etymon.
Anathy miosis, Apopneu'sis, (F.) Exhalaison.  A
function,  by virtue of  which  certain  fluids, ob-
tained from the blood, are spread, in the form of
dew, in the areolas of the different textures, or at
the surface of membranes;  either for the sake of
being thrown out of the body,  or to serve certain
purposes.   The sweat is a liquid, excrementitioua
exhalation;  the  serous  flaid of the  pleura,  a
liquid, recrementitioua exhalation.
  Exhalation is, also, applied  to that which ex-
hales from any body whatever, organic or inor-
ganic, dead or living.
  Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration.
  EXHAUS'TION, Exar'yais, Virca cxhaust'a,
from exhaurire, (ex, and haurire,) ' to draw  out'
(F.)  Epuissemcnt.  Loss of  strength, occasioned
by excessive evacuations, great fatigue or priva-
tion  of food, or by disease.
  EXIIIL'ARANT,  Exhil'arane,  from  ex, and
hilaro, ' I make  merry.'  An agent that exhila-
rates or enlivens.
  EXHUMA'TION, Exhuma'tio, Effoa'aio,  from
ea;, and humus, 'the ground.'   The disinterment
of a corpse.   The circumstances which  render
this  necessary are: — 1.  Judicial investigations
relative to the body of  the  person  inhumed.  2.
The  removal of a body from one cemetery  to
another;  and, 3. The  evacuation  of cemeteries
or sepulchral vaults.  The operation is attended
with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and
requires .the use  of disinfecting agents, of which
the most powerful is chlorinated lime.  See Dis-
infection.  The putrid  effluvia from animal  sub-
stances are not, however, found to excite endemic
disease.
  EXtPTA AURICULA JUD.E, Pezizaauricula.
  EXISCHIUM.  Same etymon  as  the  next
Prominence of the hips.
  EXIS'CHIUS, Exis'chus,  from   t£,  'out of,'
and to-^iov, ' the ischium.'  A luxation of the  os
femoris.  Those  with large nates, and prominent
hips, were formerly called Exia'chioi and Exeche-
glu'ti.
  EXITU'RA.  According to  some, any abscess
which discharges.  Paracelsus calls thus every
kind of putrid excrement.
  EX'ITUS, from exire, 'to go out'  The outer
termination or exit of a canal.  The termination
of a disease.
  EXOARTERITTS, see Arteritis.
  EXOCARDIAC, see  Endocardiac
  EXOCARDIAL, see  Endocardiac.
  EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis.
  EXO'CHAS, Exo'che, from £?ui, ' without,' and
txw, 'I have.'  A soft tumour—as a hemorrhoid
—without the anus.  An outward pile.
  EXOCHE, Eminence, Exochas.
  EXOCHORION, see Chorion.
  EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis.
  EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, 'out of,' and oculua,
' an eye.'  AVant of eyes. AVant of vision.  Blind-
ness.
  EXOCYS'TE, Exocya'tia, from t£, 'out of,' and
xvans, ' the bladder.' A prolapsus of the bladder
into the urethra.  Also called Prolap'aua veai'ca,
JEdopto'sis veai'ca, (F.) Renveraement de la vessie.
  Exocys'te Noelia'na.  Protrusion of the in-
ner membrane of the bladder.  So called  from
M. Noel, who first accurately described it.
  Exocys'te Solingenia'na.   Protrusion of the
neck of the bladder.  Called after M. Solingen,
who first accurately described it.
  EX03DESIS, Swelling.
  EXODIC, Efferent.
  EXOG"ENOUS, from t& ' out of,' and  ytwaw,
'I engender.'   A term first applied to plants —
hence  called Ex'ogens—in which  the  wood in-
creases by annual additions to the outside.
  In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out
from every part are termed exogenous.
  EXOGENS, see Exogenous.
  EXOGOGE, Extraction.
  EXOGONYAN'CON,  from   tfa, 'outwards,'
yow, 'the knee,' and ayxwv, 'an elbow.'  Bowing
of the knees outwards.
  EXOINE, Exoene, from  ea;, 'out of,' and ido-
neus, 'fit,' or rather  from exonerare, 'to  exone-
rate.'   In France, a certificate of excuse, exemp-
tion, or dispensation, given to those  summoned
to appear before a court of justice, and who are
unable to do so.
  EXOLCE,  Extraction.
  EXOLUTION, Syncope.
  EXOMETRA, Prolapsus uteri.
  EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation.
  EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus.
  EXOM'PHALUS,  Exumbiliea'tio, Exom'pha-
loce'le,  Om'phaloce'le, Hernia  umbilicdlia,  Om-
phalex'oche, Omphalopropto'eia,  Prolap'aua umbi-
lici, (F.) Hemic ombilicale,  H.  du nombril,  Um-
bilical hernia, from ti,, 'out of,' and optpaXos, 'the
navel.'  Hernia occurring at the  navel.   This
affection happens more frequently in infants, and
takes place by the umbilical ring.  In adults, it
occurs more commonly in females than in males;
and,, when it does so, the sac passes in the  vici-
nity of the umbilicus. The organs, found in this
kind of hernia, are particularly,—the epiploon,
the jejunum, the arch of the colon,  and some-
times the stomach.    The tumour is, in general,
round, and presents all the characters of hernia.
It is, commonly, readily reducible, and  not  sub-
ject to strangulation. It must  be  reduced, and
retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form
of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle
part.  AVhen  strangulated, the  stricture may be
divided upwards and towards the left side.
  EXONCO'MA, Exonco'sis, from  rf, and oyxos,
'a tumour.'   A large, prominent tumour.  Used,
by Galen, for protuberance of the vertebras after
luxation.
  EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma — e. Linguas, Glos-
soncus.
  EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal.
  EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal.
  EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal.
  EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosis seu Prolap'sus seu
Procidentia Oc'uli seu Bulbi Oculi, Exorbitis'-
mua,  Ophthalmoce'le,  Ophthalmopto'sis,  Oculi
totius prominen'tia, from c|, ' out of,' and  of&aX-
pos, 'eye.'  (F.) Procidenee de  I'ceil.   A pr»*ru- 
EXOPHTHALMUS
350
EXPERIMENT
sion of the eye  from its orbit, occasioned by an
abscess or tumour  in the areolar texture of the
orbit; by exostosis  of the parietes of tho  orbit,
Ac.  In  exophthalmia,  the  eye is  pressed  for-
wards ; the eyelids  are  raised and separated, so
that they can no longer cover the eye and defend
it from  the action  of extraneous bodies: it be-
comes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or de-
stroyed.  The treatment of course depends upon
the cause.
  Exophthal'mia  Fungo'sa, Sarcosis bulbi—e.
Sarcomatica,  Sarcosis bulbi.
  EXOPHTHALMUS, same etymon. One whose
eyes are very prominent.  The opposite to Cos-
lophthalmus.
  EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia.
  ENORMIA,  Papula—e. Lichen, Liehen — e.
Prurigo,  Prurigo—e. Strophulus, Strophulus.
  EXORTUS UNGUIUM, see Nail.
  EXOSIS, Luxation.
  EXO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
  EXOSMA, from tl-,  'out  of,' and wOtw, 'to
move'  A luxated or dislocated limb or organ.
  EXOSMOSE, Exosmo'sis,  Transudation, from
t£, ' out of,' and wapos,  ' impulse.'  The  opposite
to Endosmose.  The  act by which substances
transude from  within  to without  an animal or
other membrane.
  EXOSMOT'IC,  Exosnwt'icua: same  etymon.
Belonging to Exosmose :—as an exoamotic  cur-
rent.
  EXOSSATIO, Exostosis.
  EXOSTEMMA  CARIBiEA, Cinchonas  cari-
basas cortex.
  EXOSTOMA, Exostosis.
  EXOSTOSE, Exostosis — e. des Dents,  Exos-
tosis dentium—e. Soua-ungeale, see Subunguial.
  EXOSTO'SIS, Hyperoato'aia, Emphy'ma,  Ex-
ostosis  os'sea, Exosto'ma, Eposto'ma, Eposto'sis,
Osteo'ma, Osto'ma,  Osteoph'yta, Exossa'tio, Ossis
Eminen'tia, (F.) Exostose, Osteophyte;  from t\,
'out of,' and oartov, 'a bone.' ,An osseous tu-
mour, which  forms at the surface of bones, or in
their cavities.  Various kinds have been enume-
rated.    I'vory  Exosto'sis;  E. e&urnee; — that
which has the appearance and consistence of
ivory.    Lam'inar  Exosto'sis;  E.  Laminee ; —
that which is formed of laminas in superposition
or of distinct filaments. The Spongy Exosto'eis
is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy
tissue of bones.  Exostoses are sometimes distin-
guished into  the true, which seem to be a projec-
tion of the osseous substance, and which have the
same organization and hardness as that substance;
and the  false or osteo-sarcoma. Exostosis  may
depend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, Ac.
In  such cases, it  is important to get rid of the
primary disease.
   Those exostoses,  which occur within the bones,
have, by some, been called Enostose8.
   Exostosis, Spina ventosa.
   Exostosis Dentium, (F.) Exostose des  Dents.
Exostosis of the teeth.
   Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma—e.
Subunguial,  see Subunguial.
   EXOTERIC, see Esoteric.
   EXOTTC, Exo'ticus, from e\w, 'without' That
which comes from abroad.  Plants or drugs which
are procured from abroad are so  called.   It is
opposed to indigenous.
   EXOTICADE'NIA, from Exotic, and aStw, 'I
dislike.'  Aversion for exotic drugs.
   EXOTICHEMATOSIS, Transfusion.
   EXOTICOMA'NIA.   The opposite to exotica-
denia.   Fondness  for exotic remedies.
   EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS, from  t^wnxos, 'fo-
reign,'  and  avpfvais,  'a growing together.'  A
union or growing together of foreign bodies, as
of a foreign body with the human.
  EXPANSIO,  Expansion — e. Musculosa, Pla-
tysma myoides.
  EXPAN'SION,  Expan'sio, from  cxpanderc,
(ex and pandere, 'to open,') 'to spread  out'  A
prolongation or spreading out, presented by cer-
tain organs. Thus, we say an aponeurotic exj>an-
sion, Ac
  EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.)
  EXPECTANT, Expec'tans, from expectare,
(ex and spectare, 'to look,') 'to wait' That which
waits : — as Expectant Medicine, — La Medecine
expectante.  See Expectation.
  EXPECTATION,  Expecta'tio; same etymon.
The word expectation has been applied,  in medi-
cine, to that method, which consists in observing
the progress of diseases, and removing deranging
influences, without prescribing active medicines,
unless  such shall be imperiously required.  It
consists, in fact, in  leaving  the  disease almost
wholly  to  the efforts of nature,  and has been
termed the art  of curing diseases by expectation
or waiting—Ars sanan'di cum expectatio'ne.
  EXPECTORANT,  Expec'torative, Expec'to-
rana, Anacathar'ticus,  Ptya'magogue,  from ex,
' out of,' and  pectua, ' the breast'   A medicine
capable of facilitating or provoking expectoration.
There  is probably no such thing as a direct ex-
pectorant.   They all  act through  the system, or
by impressions made on parts at a distance, which,
through the medium of general,  continuous,  or
contiguous sympathy, excite the secretory vessels
of the air-passages into action.  The following
are the chief reputed expectorants:—Ammonia-
cum ; Asafcetida; Galbanum; Ipecacuanha; My-
roxylon ; Myrrha;  Inhalations of Iodine, Stra-
monium,  Tar,   Burning  Wool,  Tobacco, Ac;
Scilla;  Senega,  and  Tolutanum.
  EXPECTORATIO, Expectoration — e.  San-
guinis,  Hasmoptysis — e.  Solida,  Cynanche tra-

  EXPECTORA'TION, Expectordtio,  EecheV-
yaia, Bex hu'mida, Anap'tyaia, Prop'tyaia, Stetho-
cathar'aia, Anacathar'aia, Anabex'ia, same ety-
mon.  The act of expelling from  the chest mat-
ters or secretions there  collected  or existing.  It
is, likewise, used for the expectorated matter.
  EXPECTORATION DE SANG, Hasmop-
tysis.
   Expectoration,  Prune-juice, see Prune-
juice.
   EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant.
   EXPELLENS, Expulsive.
   EXPE'RIENCE, Experien'tia, Peira, Empei'-
ra, from t%, and trttpa, ' a trial.' A knowledge of
things  acquired by observation.   In' medicine,
this knowledge  can be obtained both by the prac-
titioner's own experience, and by that  obtained
from tradition and from books.   To profit by ex-
rience  requires  a mind  capable  of appreciating
the proper relations  between cause and  effect;
 and hence it happens, that falae  experience, Ex-
 perien'tia fullax, is extremely common ; and that
 a man had better, in many  instances, trust to
 that which he has learned from others, than to his
 own fallacious observation.
   The union of accurate observation by the phy-
 sician with that handed down by medical writers
 constitutes perfect experience, so far as it is  at-
 tainable in any  individual case.
   EXPERIENCE, Experiment.
   EXPERIMENT,  Experimen'turn; same ety-
 mon.   (F.) Experience.  A trial,  made  on the
 bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of de-
 tecting the effect of a remedy,  or  of becoming
 better acquainted with their structure, functions,
 or  peculiarities.  In  a more general  sense, it 
                  EXPERS

means any trial  instituted with the intent of be-
coming  better acquainted with  any thing.  By
experiments on living animals, we have obtained
inu<-li valuable information in the various depart-
ments of medicine;  but particularly  in  physi-
ology and toxicology.
  Experiment of Mariotte. see Mariotte.
  EXPERS  NUPTIARI'M, Virgin.
  EXPERT, (F.) Exper'tua, from ex, andperitua,
'skilled.' Skilful or of good experience.  A phy-
sician, charged with the duty of making a report
upon any ease of legal medicine.
  EXPIRA'TION, Expirdtio, Exspirdtio, Ec'-
pnoe,  Ecjmeumato'sis, Ecpneu'sis, Apopneu'aia,
Ajiop'noe,  Apopnce'a, from  exspirare, (ex,  and
spirare,) 'to breathe out'  The  act of expelling
from the chest, the air received  in during respi-
ration.
  EX'PIRATORY, Expiratio'ni inser'viens.
Relating or appertaining to expiration.   The
expiratory muscles are all those which contribute
to diminish the cavity of the chest, for the pur-
pose of expelling the  air contained in the lungs,
or of producing expiration.   These muscles are,
chiefly, the intercostals,  triangularis sterni, qua-
dratus lumborum, serratus  posticus  inferior, the
oblique and  recti muscles of the abdomen, the
sacro-lumbalis, Ac.
  EXPLORATIO,  Exploration — e. Abdominis,
Abdominoscopia.
  EXPLORA'TION,   Explordtio, Recognil'io,
from explorare,  ' to search into.'  The act of ob-
serving and  attentively examining or investiga-
ting every thing connected with  a case of disease.
The word is chiefly  used in  this sense by the
French practitioners.
  EXPLORA'TOR,   CHEST.   An  instrument,
proposed by Dr. B. Babington for exploring the
chest in cases of empyema.   It consists of a
needle, contained in  the smallest sized canula.
This is passed between  the  ribs  into the chest.
The needle is then withdrawn, and the escape of
fluid indicates the nature of the case.
  EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Specillum.
  EXPRES'SION, Expres'aio,  Ecpiea'moa, Ec-
thlip'sis, from ex, ' out of,' and premere, ' to press.'
The act of compressing a substance, for the  pur-
pose of separating from it the fluids which it  con-
tains.  Also, the  manner in  which impressions
made  upon us  are depicted;  especially  in the
traits of the countenance.
  Expression of Sweat, (F.) Sueur  d'expres-
sion, is a term given  to  the passive perspiration
observable in very debilitated individuals.
  EXPULSIO, Excretion—e.Fascum, Defecation
—e. Foetfls, Parturition.
  EXPULSION,  SPONTANEOUS, Evolution,
spontaneous.
  EXPT'L'SIA'E, Expel'lens, Expulso'rius, from
cxpcllere, (ex, and pellere,) 'to drive away.'
  An expulsive  bandage, (F.) Bandage expulsif,
is one constructed with the view of  compressing
a part, from  which we are desirous of expelling
pus, serum, Ae.  Certain  medicines were formerly
called cxpulsives, which  were believed to have
the  power of driving the humours  towards the
Bkin ;—as diaphoretics, and  sudorifics.
  EXPULTRIX, see Vis Expultrix.
  EXSAXGUINITY. Anasmia.
  EXSANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exsanguis  is
used by  Ausonius for one exhausted by venery:—
as sanguis meant sperm as well as blood.  See
Sperm.
  EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma.
  EXSCREATIO. Excreation.
  EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration.
  EXSECTUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
  FXSICCATIO, Drying.
  EXSICCATIVA, Desiccativa.
1              EXTENSOR

   EXSOLUTIO, Eclysis.
   EXSPIRATIO, Expiration.
   EXSPUIT"ION,  Exspuil'io,  Spuil'io, Spu.
 ta'tio, Anachremp'sis, Apochremp'sis, Chremp'sis,
 Ptyaia, Anacine'ma,  Anacine'sis,  (F.) Sputation,
 from ex, ' out of,' and spuo, ' I spit'  Rejection
 of the matters accumulated in  the  pharynx and
 larynx;  spitting.
   EXSTASIS, Ecstasis.
   EXSTIRPATIO,  Extirpation.
   EXSTROPIFIA,  Ex'atrophy, Ec'strophe, from
 e%, ' out of,' and arpatpn, ' turning.'  Extrover'sio,
 Extrover'sion.  Eversion or turning out of a part
 —as of the eyelids.   A term used by M. Chaus-
 sier for  certain  displacements of organs, and
 especially of the urinary bladder.
   Exstroph'ia or Ex'strophy of the Bladder,
 (F.) Rcnversement de la Vessie, is  a  faulty con-
 formation, in  which  the organ opens above the
 pubes;  so  that in the hypogastric region there is
 a red, mucous surface, formed  by the inner coat
 of the bladder;  on  which two prominences are
 distinguishable,  corresponding to the  openings
 of the ureters.
   EXSUCCATIO, Ecchymoma.
   EXSUCTIO, Sue'tio, Ecmyze'sis, from ex, 'out
 of,' and 8uccu8, 'a juice.'  The action of sucking.
   EXSUDATIO, Ephidrosis.
   EXSUFFLATIO, Eephysesis.
   EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, Extempordneua, Ex-
 tempordlia, from ex, and tempore, 'out  of time.'
 Those prescriptions  are called ' extemporaneous,'
 or 'magistral,' which are made on  the spot, and
 composed  according to  the prescription  of  the
 physician.
   EX TENSE UR  COMMUN DES DOIGTS,
 Extensor digitorum communis — e. Commun dea
 orteils, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e.
 Court du Pouce, Extensor pollicis  brevis—e. Long
 du pouce, Extensor  longus pollicis — e. Petit dea
 orteila,  Extensor brevis  digitorum  pedis — e.
 Propre du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi
 digiti — e.  Propre de I'Index, Extensor pr-jprius
 indicis.
   EXTENSIBILITY, Extensibil'itas.   A  pro-
 perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being capable
 of extension or elongation.
   EXTENSIO, Extension, Tetanus.
   EXTEN'SION, Exten'aio, Tasis, EPtaaia, Ca-
 tat'aai8, Anat'asia, from extendere,  (ex,  and ten-
 dere,) 'to stretch out'  An operation in surgery,
 in which either with  the hands alone, or by straps,
 a fractured or luxated limb is pulled  strongly,
 to restore it to its natural position.   It is the op-
 posite of Counter-extenaion.
   EXTENSOR.  Same etymon.  (F.) Extenseur.
 A muscle,  whose office is to extend certain parts.
   Extensor Brevis Digito'rum  PEDis,.Pett"ici<s,
 Cttlcaneo-phalanginien  commun, of  Dumas; (F.)
 Muscle pedieux, Muscle petit extenseur des orteils,
 Calcaneo-sus-phalangettien commun—(Ch.) Carre
 du pied; Short Extensor of the Toes. A muscle,
 situate on  the dorsal region of the foot.  It arises
 from the external surface of the  calcaneum, and
 at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites
 that bone to the  astragalus.  Anteriorly, each of
 its divisions terminates by a small tendon, which
 is fixed successively, at the superior part of the
 posterior extremity of the first  phalanx of the
 great toe, and to the second and last phalanges
 of the next three toes.  Its use is to extend the
 first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards.
   Extensor Carpi  Radialis Brevis, see Radi-
 alis — e. Carpi radialis longus, see Radialis — e.
 Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital muscles.
   Extensor  Commu'nis  Digito'rum Pedis,  E,
 Longus Digitorum Pedis,  E.  Digitorum  longus,
 Peroneo-tibisus-phalangettien commun, Caemodac-
 tyl<B'us,  Peronio-sue-phalangettien commun, (F.)
35 
                 EXTENSOR

Extenseur commun dea Orteils.  This muscle, also,
is  situate at the anterior part of the leg.  It is
long,  thin, flattened, simple,  and fleshy above,
and divided into four tendons below.   It arises
from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the an-
terior surface of the  fibula, and is  inserted into
the superior part of the  posterior  extremity of
the second and  third phalanges of the  last four
toes.   It  extends the three phalanges  of these
toes.
   Extensor Digito'rum  Commu'nis,  Extensor
digitorum communis manus cum extenso're pro'-
prio auricula'ris, Digito'rum  Tensor;  (F.) Epi-
condylo-sus-phalangettien commun—(Ch.,)—Com-
mon Extensor of the  Fingers,  Extenseur commun
dea Doigta.   A long, flattened  muscle; simple
above, and divided into four  portions inferiorly.
It is situate at the posterior part of the forearm;
arises from the external tuberosity of the hume-
rus ; from the  aponeurosis of the forearm, and
from the aponeurotic  septa situate between it and
the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the
posterior  surface of the second and  third  pha-
langes of the last four fingers. This  muscle ex-
tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon
each  other,  and upon the metacarpal bone.  It
can, also, extend the  hand on  the forearm.
   Extensor Digitorum  Longus, E. communis
digitorum pedis — e.  Longus digitorum pedis, E.
communis digitorum pedis—e. Proprius  hallucis,
E. proprius pollicis pedis—e. Indicis, E. proprius
indicis—e. Internodii ossis pollicis, E. longus pol-
licis — e. Prhni  internodii, Abductor longus pol-
licis.
   Extensor Pol'licis Brevis, Exten'aor minor
pol'licis manus, E. primi interno'dii, E. pol'licia
primna,  E.  Secun'di interno'dii, (Douglas,) E.
secun'di intemo1dii ossis pol'licis; (F.) Cubito-sus-
phalangien du pouce,—(Ch.,)  Court extenseur du
pouce.  Seated at the posterior and inferior part
of the forearm.   It is thin, long, and broader at
its middle than at the extremities. It arises from
the posterior surface  of the ulna and the inter-
osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su-
perior extremity of  the  first phalanx of the
thumb.  It extends the thumb, and aids in supi-
nation.
   Extensor Pol'licis  Longus ;  Extensor major
pol'licis  manus, Extensor  secun'di interno'dii,
Extensor poll id s secun'dus, Extensor ter'tii inter-
no'dii (Douglas,) Extensor interna'dii ossis pol-
licis,  (F.) Gubito-aua-phalangettein  du  pouce,—
(Ch.,)  Muscle long  extenseur du  pouce.   This
muscle is long,  flat, and fusiform; and  is seated
at the posterior part of the forearm.   It arises
from the posterior surface of the ulna and the  in-
terosseous ligament, and is  inserted at  the pos-
terior part of the superior extremity of the first
phalanx  of the thumb.  It extends the  last pha-
lanx of the thumb upon the first.
   Extensor Pro'prius In'dicis, #.proprius pri-
mi dig"iti manus, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor, Exten-
sor secun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'prim, (F.) Cu-
bito-sus-phalangettien de  I'Index,—(Ch.,) Exten-
seur propre de lIndex.  This  muscle is  long and
thin ; broader in the middle than at the  extremi-
ties ;  and is  situate at  the posterior part of the
forearm.  It arises from the posterior surface of
the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of
the upper extremity of the second and third pha-
langes of the index-finger.  It extends  the three
phalanges of the index-finger; and has, besides,
the same uses  as  the  other  extremities of the
fingers.
   Extensor Pro'prius  Min'imi  Dig"iti, (F.)
Epicondylo-aua-phalangettien  du petit   doigt, —
(Ch.,) Extenseur propre du petit doigt. Situate on
2                 EXTRA

 the inside of the'Extcnaor communis digito'rum.
 It arises from the  external  condyle of the os
 humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between
 it, the extensor  communis  digitorum,  and the
 extensor  carpi ulnaris ;  and is  inserted into the
 last two phalanges of the little finger.   Its uso is
 to extend the little  finger,  and even  the  hand
 upon the forearm.
   Extensor Pro'prius  Pol'licis Pedis, E.pro-
 priua  Hallucia, E. Longus (Douglas), E. pollicia
 longua, Peroneo-aua-phalangien du pouce, f'front'o-
 aua-phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.)  This muscle
 is situate at the anterior part of the leg.   It is
 fleshy, broad, flat above; small  and tendinous
 below. It  arises  from the anterior  part of tho
 middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the
 posterior part of  the superior  extremity of the
 last  phalanx  of the  great toe.  It extends the
 last  phalanx of the  great toe upon the first, and
 the first upon the  first metacarpal bone.
   Extensor Primi Internodii,  E. pollicis brevis
 — e.  Secundi internodii, E. pollicis brevis, Ex-
 tensor longus pollicis — e.  Secundi internodii in-
 dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis—e. Tertii inter-
 nodii, E.  longus  pollicis—e.  Tertii internodii
 indicis, Prior annularis — e.  Tertii internodii mi-
 nimi   digiti, Abductor minimi  digiti — e. Ossis
 metacarpi pollicis mantis, Abductor longus pol-
 licis—e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis
 —e. Pollicis secundus, E. longus pollicis—e. Mi-
 nor pollicis manfls, E. pollicis brevis—e. Primus
 pollicis, Abductor longus pollicis.
   Extensor Tarsi  Magnus, E. Tarai aurdlia.
 A name given, by some anatomists, to the  gas-
 trocnemius and soleus combined.
   Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle.
   EXTENUATIO, Emaciation.
   EXTERGENTIA, Detergents.
   EXTER'NAL  DISEASES,  Extrin'aie  Dis-
 eases,  Morbi extrin'seci, Surgical  diaeaaea,  (F.)
 Maladies externes.  Those  diseases which occupy
 the surface of the body, and form  the  object of
 surgical pathology, requiring, generally, external
 means, or surgical operations.
   EXTERNA T.  The post or office of an externe.
   EXTERNE, see House-surgeon.
   EXTERNUS AURIS, Laxator  tympani —e.
 Mallei, Laxator tympani.
   EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
   EXTINCTIO,  Death —e.  Hydrargyri,  Ex-
 tinction of Mercury — e. Mercurii,  Extinction of
 Mercury.
   Extinctio Vocis,  (F.) Extinction de mix.  The
 French use this term for cases in which the voice
 is not wholly suppressed, but produces only fee-
 ble sounds :—Incomplete aphonia.
   EXTINCTION OF MER'CURY,  Extinc'tio
 Mercu'rii vel Hydrar'gyri.   Trituration of mer-
 cury with lard or other substance, until the me-
 tallic  globules disappear.   The mercury is  then
 so divided, that it forms a black powder, gene-
 rally  considered to be a protoxide of mercury,
 but, perhaps, erroneously.
   EXTIRPATIO, Extirpation—e. Linguae, Glos-
 sosteresis — e. Testiculorum, Castratio.
   EXTIRPA'TION,  Extirpdtio, Exstirpa'iio,
 Abla'lio,  Apha'resis, from  extirpare, (ex,  ami
 8tirp8,) 'to root out'  The complete  removal or
 destruction of any part,  either by cutting instru-
 ments or the action of caustics.   Thus, we speak
 of the extirpation of cancer, polypus, encysted
 tumour, Ac.
   EXTOMIUS, Eunuch.
   EXTOZOA, Ectozoa,
   EXTOZOAIRES. Ectozoa.
   EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa.
   EXTRA - PEL VIO - P UBI- TR 0 CHANTE-
 RIEN, Obturator externus.
35 
EXTRACT                 353               EXTRACTUM
  EXTRACT,  Extractum —e. of Aconite, Ex-
tractum aconiti—e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac-
tum  aconiti alcoholicum — e. Alcoholic, see Ex-
tractum— e. of Aloes, purified, Extractum aloes
puriticatum—e.  of Bark, Extractum cinchonas—
e. of Bark, resinoas, Extractum cinchonas resino-
suin—e. of Belladonna, Extractum belladonnas—
e. of Belladonna, alcoholic, Extractum belladon-
nae alcoholicum — e. of Bittersweet, Extractum
dulcamaras — e. of Broom-tops, Extractum cacu-
minum genistas — e. of Butternut, Extractum ju-
glandis — e. of Cascarilla,  resinous, Extractum
cascarillae resinosum — e. of  Chamomile, E. an-
themidis—e. of Cinchona, Extractum cinchonas—
—e. of Colchicum, acetic, Extractum colchici aceti-
cum— e. of Colocynth, Extractum colocynthidis
e. of Colocynth, compound, Extractum colocyn-
thidis compositum—e. of Cubebs, fluid, Extrac-
tum cubebas fluidum—e. of Dandelion, Extractum
taraxaci—e. of Elaterium, Extractum elaterii—e.
of Ergot, Ergotin—e.  Ethereal, see Extractum—
e. of Gentian, Extractum gentianas — e. of Hem-
lock, Extractum cicutae — e. of Hellebore, black,
Extractum  hellebori — e. of Hemlock,  alcoholic,
Extractum conii  alcoholicum — e.  of  Henbane,
Extractum  hyoscyami—e. of Henbane, alcoholic,
Extractum hyoscyami alcoholicum — e. of Hops,
Extractum  humuli—e. of Jalap, Extractum jala-
pas — e.  of Lettuce, Extractum  lactucae — e.  of
Liquorice,  Extractum  glycyrrhizas — e. of Log-
wood, Extractum hasmatoxyli — e. of Mayapple,
Extractum  podophylli—e. of  Meat,  saponaceous,
Osmazome — e. of Oak-bark,  Extractum corticis
quercus—e. of white Poppy, Extractum papave-
ris — e. of  Quassia, Extractum quassias — e.  of
Quinia, Extractum quinias — e. of Rhatany, Ex-
tractum kramerias — e. of Rhubarb, Extractum
rhei — e. of Rhubarb, fluid, Extractum rhei flui-
dum — e. of Rue, Extractum rutas — e. of Sarsa-
parilla, Extractum sarsaparillas—e. of Sarsaparil-
la, fluid,  Extractum sarsaparillas  fluidum—e.  of
Savine, Extractum foliorum sabinse—e. of Senna,
fluid,  Extractum  sennas fluidum — e.  of Spige-
lia and Senna, Extractum spigelias et sennas—e.
of Stramonium, Extractum stramonii — e. of Va-
lerian, Extractum Valerianae — e. of Wormwood,
Extractum  cacuminum absinthii.
   EXTRACTIF, Extractive.
   EXTRACTION, Extrac'tio,  Exa'reaia, Ex-
ogo'ge, Exolce, Exelcya'mua, Enchylo'aia,  from
extrahere, (ex,  and trahere,) 'to draw out'  The
act  of removing an extraneous  substance from
any part of the  body.   Thus, a splinter is said  to
be extracted.  It is, also, applied  to the removal
of certain parts.  The cataract is said to be ex-
 tracted :  a tooth is extracted, when carious, Ac.
   EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extractif.  Same ety-
 mon.   A peculiar,  immediate principle, which
 has  been admitted in  extracts.    Thus, bitter
extractive is the  immediate  principle of bitter
 vegetables, Ac.
   EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Ecchylo'ma, ( F. )
 Ext rait.  An extract is prepared by evaporating
 vegetable solutions, till a tenacious mass is ob-
 tained.   AVhen prepared from an infusion or de-
 coction, it  is called a watery, — from ether,  an
 ethereal,—and from alcohol, an alcoholic or a spi-
 rituous extract.   Both kinds contain all the prin-
 ciples of the vegetable, that are soluble in the
 menstrua with which they are prepared; but the
 volatile parts  are dissipated, and  some of the
 fixed parts are decomposed; the proper extrac-
 tive is oxygenized, and the virtues of the vege-
 table substance consequently altered or destroyed.
Extracts arc hard, soft, or fluid :  the consistence
of the soft being  such as  to retain the pilular
form without the addition of a powder.  A patent
was taken  out  many years ago, by  a Mr. Barry,
       23
of London, for preparing them in vacuo;  and, al
the temperature is much lower than in the ordi-
nary method, the virtues of the plant are less
altered, and  the extracts are  generally  green.
Extracts are also prepared  by  displacement or
percolation.  They have, likewise,  received dif-
ferent  names,  according to their  predominant
principle. The gummy or mucoua, or mucilaginoua,
are those which are mainly composed of gum or
mucilage.  Gum tragacanth  may be considered a
pure gummy  extract   Gelatinous extracts are
those composed especially of gelatin;  resinous
extracts, those of a resinous character; extracto-
reainoua, those  composed of  extractive or colour-
ing matter and resin;  gum-reainoua, those  con-
taining gum  and  resin; and  aapona'ceoua or
sapondceoua aaline, those containing a  notable
quantity of saline substances and a resinous mat-
ter, so  combined with mucus  and other soluble
substances, that they cannot be  separated.
   Extractum  Absin'thii Cacu'minum,  Extract
of Wormwood.  (A decoction defecated and eva-
porated.)  The flavour is dissipated along with
the essential oil.  It is a bitter  tonic.  Dose, gr.
x to Qj, in pill.
   ExtractUm  Aconi'ti, Extract of Aconite, Sue-
cue spissa'tiis aconiti napelli, (from the inspissated
juice without defecation.)   It is esteemed to be
narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the
cases referred  to under Aconitum.  Dose, gr. j,
gradually increasing it.
   Extractum Aconi'ti Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic
Extract of Aconite.  (Aconit. in pulv. crass. Ibj ;
Alcohol, dilut. Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with
half a pint of diluted alcohol: let it stand for 24
hours:  transfer it to a displacement apparatus,
and gradually add the  remainder of  the diluted
alcohol.   When, the last portion of this has pene-
trated the aconite,  pour in from time  to  time
water  sufficient  to  keep the  powder  covered.
Stop the filtration when the liquid which passes
begins to  produce  a precipitate, as  it falls,  in
that which has already passed.  Distil off the
alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence.—
Ph. U. S.)          ..    ,
   Extractum  Al'oes  Purifica'tum, Pu'rified
extract of aloes.   (The gummy part extracted by
boiling water, defecated and inspissated.)   Dose,
gr. v to gr. xv.
   Extractum  Anthem'idis, E. anthemidis no'-
bilis, E. chamame'li, E.fiorum  chamame'li, Ex-
tract of Cham'omile. The volatile oil is dissipated
in this preparation.  It is a pure, grateful bitter,
and is' tonic and stomachic  Dose, gr. x to gr..
xx, in pills.
   Extractum  Asparagi, see Asparagus.
   Extractum  Belladon'na,  Succus spissa'tus-
at'ropa belladon'na, Extract of Belladon'na, (an
expressed  juice  inspissated.)    Properties same
as those of the plant.  Dose,  gr. £, gradually
increased.  It dilates the pupil when applied to
the eye.
   Extractum Belladonna Alcohol'icum, Al-
coholic  extract of Belladonna.  (Prepared like
the extractum  aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum  Cannabis, see Bangue.
   Extractum  Cascaril'la Resino'sum, Res'-
inous extract of cascaril'la.  (Cort.  cascarilla, in-
pulv. crass.  Ibj; Sp. vini red. ftiv.  Digest for
four days ; then decant and strain; boil the resi-
duum  in  ten pints of water  to two; filter and'
evaporate the  decoction, and distil  the tincture
in a retort, till both are thickened;  then mix and
evaporate to a pilular consistence.)   Dose, gr. x
to gr. xx,  in pills.
   Extractum Catharticum,  E. Colocynthidis -
compositum — e. Catechu, Catechu — e. ChanHB-
meli, E. Anthemidis—e. Cicutas, E. Conii.. 
EXTRACTUM              354              EXTRACTUM
  Extractum Cathol'icum, (F.) Extrait Catho-
lique.  This epithet is given to pills composed of
aloes, black hellebore, and colocynth,  resin of
jalap, and scammony.  See, also, Extractum co-
locynthidis compositum.
  Extractum Cincho'na, Extract of Cincho'na,
E. Cor'ticia  Peruvia'ni, E. Cincho'na Molle, E.
of Bark.  (A decoction evaporated.)  The  active
principles are similar  to  those  of the  bark in
substance; but it is not so effectual—owing to
the chymical change induced in  the drug during
the boiling.  AVhen reduced, by drying, to a state
fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex-
tract  of Bark, Extrac'tum  Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni
durum,  E.-Cincho'na durum.  Dose, gr.  x to 3SS-
   Extractum Cinchona  Resino'sum,  E.  Cin-
chona lancifo'lia, E.  Cinchona  Rubra reaino'-
sum,  Rea'inoua Extract of Bark, E. Cincho'na
Resi'na.  The aqueo-spirituous  extract contains
both the extractive and resin of the bark.  Dose,
gr. x to xxx.
   Extractum Cinchona of the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States, (1842,) is  directed to be  pre-
pared as follows : — Peruvian  Bark, in  coarse
powder, Ibj;  Alcohol, Oiv;  Water, a  sufficient
quantity.  Macerate the Peruvian bark with the
alcohol for  four days; then  filter by a  displace-
ment apparatus,  and when the  liquid  ceases to
pass, pour gradually on the bark water  sufficient
to  keep its surface covered.  When the filtered
tincture measures four pints, set  it  aside, and
proceed with the filtration until  six pints of  infu-
sion are obtained.  Distil off the  alcohol from the
tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids
are respectively brought to the consistence of thin
honey; then mix and evaporate  to form an ex-
tract—Ph. U. S.
   Extrac'tum Col'chici  Ace'ticum, Ace'tous or
Ace'tic Extract of Colchicum.   (Colchic. rad. in
pulv. crass. Ibj, Acid. acet. f^iv, Aqua  q. s.  To
the acid add  a pint of water, and mix  this with
the root   Put the mixture in a percolator, and
pour on water until the  liquid  that passes has
little or no taste.  Evaporate to  a proper consist-
 ence.   Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, gr. j to gr. iij.
   Extractum Coloctn'thidis,  Extract of Colo-
 cynth.  A cathartic,  in the  dose of  from  gr.  v
 to 5SS-
   Extractum Colocyn'thidis Compos'itum, Ex-
 tractum Cathar''ticum, E.  Cathol'icum,  E. Quer-
 ceta'ni, Compound Extract of ColocynSh.  (Colo-
 cynth. pulp, concis. 5jvj, Aloes puiv. ,Sxij, Scam-
 mon. pulv.  §iv,  Cardamom., pulv. J;j, Saponis
 ^iij, Alcohol, dilut. cong.  Macerate  the  pulp in
 the spirit at a gentle heat for four days;  strain :
 add the aloes and scammony; then distil off the
 spirit and mix in  the cardamom seeds.  Ph. U.
 S.)  It is a powerful cathartic, and is used in
 obstinate visceral obstructions,  Ac.  Dose, gr. vj
 to 3SS-
    Extractum Coni'i, E. Cicu'ta, Succus cicuta
 spissa'tus, Extract of Hemlock, Succus api8aatua
 conii macula'ti.    (Expreaaed  juice inspissated
 without defecation.)   Employed in  the  same
 cases as the conium.  Dose, gr. iij to ^j-
    Extractum Conii Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic
 Extract of Hemlock.  (Prepared like the Ex-
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)
    Extractum Convolvuli Jalapa, E. jalapas—
 e. Corticis Peruviani,  E. Cinchonae.
    Extract'um Cubeb'a  Flu'idum, Fluid Ex-
 tract of Cubeba.   (Cubeba exhausted by  ether
 through percolation, and  the solution evaporated.
 Ph. U. S.)
    Extractum Dulcama'ra, Extract  of Bitter-
 sweet.   (Prepared by displacement from bitter-
 sweet in coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
    Extractum Elate'rii, Elate'rium, Extract of
Elaterium.  (The fecula of the expresaed juice.)
It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and some-
times emetic.  Dose, gr. ss. every  hour till it
operates.
  Extractum Ergota, Ergotin.
  Extractum Genis'ta Cacu'minum, Extract of
Broom  Tops.  Diuretic and stomachic.  Dose,
3SS t0 Zi-
  Extractum Gentia'na, Ext. Gentia'na lu'tea,
Ext. Radi'cia Gentia'na, Extract  of  Gen'tian.
(The evaporated  decoction.) Prepared also by
displacement. — Ph. U. S.)  Properties like those
of Gentian.   Dose, gr. x to g'ss.
  Extractum Glycyrrhi'za;  Extract of Li-
quorice, Succua Glycyrrhi'za inspisaa'tua, Succus
Liquiril'ia.   (The evaporated  decoction.)  It is
demulcent, taken ad libitum.
  Refined Liquorice, which is  sold  in the form
of cylinders, is made-by gently evaporating a
solution of the pure extract of liquorice with  half
its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass  and
cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, by
rolling them together in a box.
  Extrac'tum Gram'inis,  'Extract of Grass.'
An extract prepared from Triticum repena.  It is
considered by the Germans to  be a mild tonic;
and is  greatly used, especially in convalescence
from fever.   It is probably devoid of all injurious
properties, and as probably totally inefficacious.
  Extractum  Hamatox'yli,  E.  Hamatox'yli
 Campechia'ni,  E. Scobis Hamatox'yli, Extract
of Logwood.  (The evaporated decoction.)  Itia
astringent.   Dose, gr. x to 5jj-
  Extractum Radi'cis Helleb'ori Nigri, Ext.
of  Black Hell'ebore root, E.  Hellebori nigri.
 (The evaporated decoction.)  In large doses, this
is cathartic;  in smaller, diuretic, resolvent (?) and
emmenagogue (?).  Dose, as a cathartic, gr.  x to
^j; as an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x.
  Extractum Hellebori, of the Pharmacopoeia
 of the  United States (1842),  is prepared from
 Black Hellebore, in coarse powder, like the  Ex-
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum.
   Extractum  Hu'muli,  Extract of hops,  (the
 evaporated  decoction.)  It  is tonic, anodyne (?),
 diuretic (?).  Dose, gr.  v  to 3J-
   Extractum Hyoscy'ami, Extract of Henbane,
 Succus spi88a'tua Hyoscyami nigri,  Succ. Spiss.
 Hyoscyami.   (The  expreaaed juice, inspissated
 without defecation.)   Its virtues  are  narcotic.
 Dose, gr. v to Qss.
   Extractum Hyoscyami Alcohol'icum, Alco-
 holic Extract of Henbane.  (Prepared from leaves
 of  Hyoscyamus, in coarse  powder, like the Ex-
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum Jala'pa, E. Convolvuli Jalapa,
 E. Jala'pii, Extract of Jalap, E.  Jala'pi.  (A
 8pirituoua tincture distilled; and an aqueous de-
 coction evaporated ; the residua being mixed  toge-
 ther : kept both  soft and hard.) It is cathartic
 and hydragogue.   Dose,  gr. x to ^j-
   Extractum Jalapa of the Ph. U. S. is  pre-
 pared like the Extractum cinchonas, Ph. U. S.
   Extractum Jalapa  Resino'sum,  Res'inoui
 Extract of Jalap.  This is cathartic.
   Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract of Butternut.
 (Prepared  by displacement from  butternut, in
 coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum Krame'ria, Extract of Rhatany.
 (Prepared  by  displacement from  rhatany, in
 coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum  Lactu'ca, Extract of Lettuce,
 Succus  apiaaa'tu8  Lactuca aativa.   (Leavea of
 freah lettuce Ibj ; beat  them in a stone mortar,
 sprinkling  them with water;  then express the
  iuice and evaporate, without allowing it to sub-
 side until it acquires a proper degree of consiat- 
                EXTRACTUM

encc.)  It is said to be narcotic and diaphoretic.
Dose, gr.  iij to gr. x.
  An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice
of the wild lettuce, Lactuca viro'aa, which is re-
garded as diuretic.
  Extractum Martis Aceticum, Ferri Acetas—
e. Nucis Vomicae, see Strychnos nux vomica.
   Extractum  O'pii, E. Opii aquo'sum, E. The-
bdicum, Extract of Opium, E. Opii gummo'sum,
Lau'tlauum opia'tum seu simplex, Opium cola'tum
seu  depura'titm.  (A  watery  solution defecated
and evaporated.)  Dose, gr. ss to gr. v.
   Extractum Panchymago'gum.  A drastic me-
dicine,  composed of colocynth, bruised with its
seeds ; senna bruised; black hellebore root, Aga-
ric,  Scammony, in powder, Extract of Aloes, and
Poivder of Diarrhodon.
   Extractum  Papav'eris, E. Papav'eria aom-
nif'eri, E. Papureris albi, Extract of white poppy.
( The decoction evaporated.)  It possesses nearly
the  same  virtues as opium, but is weaker.  Dose,
gr. ij to ^j.
   Extractum Pip'eris Flu'idum, Fluid Extract
of Black. Pepper. (Blackpepper exhausted by ether
through percolation, the solution evaporated, and
the  piperin  in  crystals separated by expression.
Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum  Podophyl'li,  Extract of  May-
apple.  (Prepared from  podophyllum, in  coarse
powder, in the same manner  as the Extract of
cinchona.—Ph. U. S.)
  Extractum Purgans, see  Hedera helix — e.
Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum.
  Extractum  Quas'sia,  Extract  of  Quaaaia.
(Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped.
—Ph. U.  S.)
  Extractum Cor'ticis Quercus, Extract of oak
bark.  ( The decoction evaporated.)   It is astrin-
gent and tonic.
  Extractum Qui'nia, Quinia sulphas impu'rus.
This is made by evaporating  the liquor poured
off the crystals of sulphate of  quinia to the con-
sistence of  a pilular mass.  Twenty-four  grains
will generally arrest an intermittent.
  Extractum  Rhei, Extract of Rhubarb.   (A
solution in  diluted  alcohol evaporated.)   Uses
like those of the powdered root.    Dose, gr. x
to 3ss.
  Extractum Rhei flu'idum, Fluid Extract of
Rhubarb.   (Rhej in pulv. crass, ^viij, Sacchar.
§v,  Tinct. Zingib. f^ss, Ol. fcenicul., 01. anis.
aa TTV,iv; Alcohol,  dilut. q.  s.  Digest the rhu-
barb, mixed with an equal bulk of  coarse sand,
with Sjxij of the  diluted alcohol for 24  hours.
Put the mass into the percolator, and  pour on
diluted  alcohol until the liquid that passes has
little odour or taste of rhubarb; evaporate to f^v;
dissolve it in the  sugar, and mix  the tincture of
ginger and oils.   Ph. U. S.)
  Extractum Ru'dii, Extract of Rudius,  (F.)
Extrait de  Rudius.   Pills made of colocynth,
agaric,  scammony, roots of black hellebore  and
jalap, aocotrine aloes,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves,
and alcohol.
  Extractum Ruta Graveolen'tis, E. folio'-
rum Ruta, Extract of Rue, Extractum Ruta.   (A
decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic, stomachic.   The
volatile oil being dissipated in  the boiling, this is
not a good preparation.  Dose, gr. x to Qj.
  Extractum Folio'rum Sabi'na,  Extract  of
Sarine.  (A decoction evaporated.)  Tonic. The
same remarks may be made on this  preparation
as on the last.  Dose, gr. x to  sjss.
  Extractum Sarsaparil'la, Extract of Sar-
saparilla.   (A  strained decoction  evaporated.)
ATirtues the same as those of the powdered root
Dose, gr.  x to  ^j.   Extractum Sarsaparilla of
the  United   States  Pharmacopoeia  is prepared
5          EXTRANEOUS  BODY

 from Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, like the Ex-
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum.
   Extractum  Sarsaparilla flu'idum, Fluid
 Extract of Sarsaparilla.  (Sarsaparill. concis. et
 contus. 5xvj, Glycyrrhiz. contus.,  Sassafr.  rad.
 contus.,  aa ^ij,  Mezerei concis.  !JVJ>  Sacchar.
 §xij, Alcohol,  dilut.  Oviij.   Macerate,  with  the
 exception of the sugar, for 14 days; express and
 filter; evaporate  to fjjxij;  and  add the sugar.
 Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum  Saturni, Goulard's, Liquor
 plumbi subacetatis — e. Scobis  hasmatoxyli, E.
 hasmatoxyli.
   Extractum  Senna Flu'idum,  Fluid Extract
 of Senna.   (Senna in pulv.  crass, lbijss; Sac-
 char. t^xx; Ol. Fcenicul. f£j; Sp. yEther. com-
 pos,  fgij ; AlcohiA. dilut. Oiv.  Mix the seLna
 and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 21
 hours;  put it into  a percolator,  and gradually
 pour on water mixed with one third its bulk of
 alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall
 have passed; evaporate to f^xx;  add the sugar,
 and, when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of
 ether, holding the oil in solution.
   Extractum  Spige'lia et Senna flu'idum,
 Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna.  (Spigel.
 in  pulv. crass. Ibj ; Senna in" pulv. crass, ,*vj;
 Sacchar. Ibiss; Potass, carbon, gvj ; Ol.  Carui,
 Ol.  Anisi, aa, f£ss •  Alcohol, dilut. q.  s.  Pour
 on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted alcohol;
 let it stand for 48 hours ; place it in a percolator,
 and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half
 a  gallon has passed:  evaporate to a pint; add
 the  carbonate  of potassa; and afterwards  the
 sugar, previously triturated  with  the oils, and
 dissolve.   Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum Stramo'nii, E. Stramo'nii folio -
 rum, Extract of Stramo'nium, Extract of Strann ■
 nium leaves.  (The expressed  juice inspissated.)
 The  Extractum Stramonii Sem'inis, Extract of
 Stramonium  Seed, is  made  from  the powdered
 seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with  tho
 aid of the percolator ;—the solution being evapo-
 rated.  Ph. U. S. Used as a narcotic in asthmu
 and other spasmodic affections. Dose, gr. ij to gr. x.
   Extractum Tarax'aci, Ext. Herba et Radl-
 cis  Tarax'aci, Extract  of   Dandelion.   (The
 strained juice  evaporated.)   It has been consi-
 dered deobstruent, laxative, and diuretic.  Dose,
 gr. x to 3J.
   Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii.
   Extractum  Ataleria'n.e,   Extract of  Vale'-
 rian.  (An expressed decoction evaporated.)  The
 virtues of the valerian being  dependent upon its
 essential oil, this  is an objectionable preparation.
 Dose, gr. x to £}.
   A fluid  extract of  Valerian, Extractum  Vale-
 ridna flu'idum, has been introduced into the last
 edition of the Pharmacopoeia U. S. (1851).  It is
 prepared by exhausting the valerian by ether and
 alcohol, through the percolator, and evaporating.

   There are some other extracts in the American
 and other Pharmacopoeias, but they are prepared
 in the ordinary  mode, and  possess merely  the
 virtues  of  the  plants.  They are  besides, gene-
 rally, of an unimportant character.
   EXTRAIT, Extract—e. Alcoholique de noix
 vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica—e. des Fruits,
 Rob—e. Hemostatique de Bonjean, Ergotin.
   EXTRA'NEOUS BODY,  from extra, 'with-
 out'  Corpus extra'neum, C. exter'num,  C. alie'-
 num, (F.)  Corps  etranger.  Any solid, liquid, or
 gaseous  substance, inanimate  or  animate, pro-
 ceeding  from without,  or formed in the body;
 and which constitutes no part of the body,  but
 occupies, in the substance of the textures, or some
 of the cavities, a  place foreign to it
3c 
S56                   FACE
             EXTRAVASATION            3

  EXTRAVASA'TION, Extravasa'tio, from ex-
tra,  'out of,' and vasa, 'vessels.'   Escape of a
fluid—cxtravasdtum—from  the  vessel contain-
ing it, and infiltration or effusion  of the fluid into
the surrounding textures.
  EXTRAA^ASATUM, see Extravasatio.
  EXTREM'ITY, Extrem'itas;  from extremus,
'the  outermost;'  the  end or termination of  a
thing. The limbs, acrote'ria, have been so called,
— as the upper and lower  extremities.  It has
been, also, used to express the last  moments of
life ;  as when we say, a patient is in ' extremity,'
(F.) le malade est d I'extremite, a toute extremite.
See Membrum.
  EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'secus. That which comes
from  without.   This term has Jaeen used for mus-
cles, which surround certain organs  and attach
them to the neighbouring parts ;  in order to dis-
tinguish them  from other muscles, which enter
into the intimate composition of these organs,
and which have been  named intrinsic.  Thus,
►here are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the
tongue, ear, Ac.
  EXTROVERSIO, Exstrophia.
  EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance.
  ENTUBERATIO, Protuberance.
  EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling.
  EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and  tussis, 'a cough.'
' I cough with expectoration.'
  EXU'BER, from ex, 'out of,' 'devoid of,' and
ubera, ' breasts ;' Apogalac'tos.  ' A child which
has been weaned.'
  EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see Corpus-
cles, exudation.
  EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma,  Ulceration — e.
Uteri, Hvsterelcosis — e. Arentriculi, Gastrelcosis.
  EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos.
  EXUSTIO, Cauterization.
  EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus.
  EXUTORY,  Fonticulus.
  EYE, Sax. ea£, Teuton. Auge,  O'culus, Ope,
Oinmct, Ophthal'mos, Illoa, Op'tilos (Doric,)  Vi-
ao'rium Org'anum, (F.) (Eil.   The eye is the im-
mediate organ of vision.  It is seated in the orbit,
while its dependencies, called by  Haller Tutam'-
ina Oc'uli, occupy the circumference of the  ca-
\  ity, and are composed of the eyebrows, the eye-
lids, cilia, glands of  Meibomius, Ac.  The Ball,
Globe, or Bulb of the  Eye, Bulbus Oc'uli, is  co-
vered anteriorly by  the tunica conjunctiva;  is
moved by six muscles, four straight, two oblique,
and is constituted of membranes, as the sclerotic,
cornea, choroid,  tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hya-
loid, and, in the foetus, the membrana papillaris;
and of fluids, called Humours, or Media, — the
aqueous,  crystalline,  and vitreous.  The eyeball
is invested  with a membranous tunic, which sepa-
rates it from the other structures of the orbit, and
forms a smooth, hollow surface,  by which its mo-
tions are facilitated.  This investment has been
  FAB A, Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. .Egyptiaca,
Nymphasa nelumbo — f.  Cathartica,  Jatropha
curcas — f. Crassa,  Sedum telephium — f. Febri-
fuga, Ignatia amara—f. Grasca, Diospyros lotus
— f. Indica, Ignatia  amara — f.  Major,  Aricia
faba — f.  Pechurei,  Tetranthera Pechuriin — f.
Pecburim, Tetranthera pechurim — f. Purgatrix,
Ricinus  communis — f. Sancti Ignatii,  Ignatia
nmara — f.  Suilla,  Hyoscyamns — f.  Vulgaris,
Vicia faba.
called cellular capsule of the eye, oc'ular capsule,
tu'nica vayina'lis oc'uli, vag"inal coat, and sub-
mus'cular fascia of the eye.  The vessels of the
eye  proceed from the ophthalmic artery.  Tho
nerves, except  the optic,  are  chiefly furnished
from the ophthalmic  ganglion.   The following
are the dimensions, Ac, of the  organ, on the au-
thority of Petit, Young, Gordon, and Brewster:

Length of the antero-posterior diameter of
  the eye,..............................0.91
Vertical chord of the cornea,..............0.15
Versed sine of the cornea,................0.11
Horizontal chord of the cornea,...........0.-17
Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to O.Pi
Size of pupil diminished by magnifying power
  of cornea to, from...............0.25 to 0.12
Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal-
  line, .................................0.30
Radius of posterior surface,...............0.22
Principal focal distance of lens,...........1.73
Distance of the centre of the optic nerve from
  the/orawien centrale of Sommering,......0.11
Distance of the iris from the cornea.,.......0.10
Distance of the iris from the anterior surface
  of the crystalline......................0.02
Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° ) . oft0
Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° j
Field of vision in a horizontal plane,.......150°
Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above
  fifty years of age,.....................0.378
Diameter of the cornea,.................M).400
Thickness of the crystalline,.............0.172
Thickness of the cornea,................0.042

  Eye, Apple, see Melum—e. Balm, Hydrastis
Canadensis—e. Bright, Euphrasia  officinalis, Lo-
belia— e. Cat's,  amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic—e.
Cellular capsule of the, see Eye — e. Drop,  Tear.
  Eye Glass,  Scaphium  oculare, see Specta-
cles.   Also, a glass adapted for the application
of collyria to the eye.
  Eye, Gum of  the, Chassie—e. Lashes, Cilia—
e. Lid, Palpebra—e. Lid, Granular, Trachoma—
e. Melon, see  Melum—e. Purulent, Ophthalmia,
purulent, of infants — e.  Salve, Singleton's, Un-
guentum Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi;  Eye-salve,
Smellome's, see Cupri subacetas—e. Sight of the,
Pupil.
  Eye  Stone.  The  shelly operculum of small
turbinideas.  Used at Guernsey to get things out
of the eyes.  Being put into the inner corner of
the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out
at the outer corner, and  brings out any foreign
substance with it.—Gray.
  Eye Teeth, Canine teeth—e. of Typhon, Scil-
la—e. Water, Collyrium—e.  AVater, common, Li-
quor zinci  sulphatis  cum camphora — e. Water,
blue, Liquor cupri ammoniati — e. AVatery, Epi-
phora,—e. White of the, see  Sclerotic.
  FABiE, Onisci aselli.
  FABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo.
  FABARIA  CRASSULA, Sedum telephium.
  FABRICA  ANDROGYNA, Hermapbrodeity.
  FACE, Fades, Vultua,  Voltua, Proao'pon, (F.)
Face.  The face is the anterior part of the head.
It is formed  of 13 bones, viz. the two euperior
maxillary,  the tiro malar, the two ossa nasi, the
two ossa unguis, the vomer, the two ossa apongioaa
inferiora,  the two palate bones, and the inferior
F. 
FACE
357
FAGUS
maxillary, without  including the frontal portion
of the os frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may be
considered  to  form part  of  it.   Its  numerous
muscles are chiefly destined for the  organs of
eight,  hearing,  taste,  and smell.   Its  arteries
proceed from the external  carotid: its veins end
in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin
immediately from the brain.
  The face experiences alterations  in  disease,
which it is important to attend to.  It is yellow
in jaundice,  pale  and  puffy in dropsy; and its
expression  is very different, according to the seat
of irritation, so that, in infants, by an  attention
to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the
seat of disease.
  Hippocrates  has well  depicted  the change
which it experiences  in one exhausted by long
sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hunger,
watchfulness, Ac, threatening dissolution. Hence
this state has  been called Fades Hippocral ica,
Fades Cadaver'ica, F. Tortudlis.   In this, the
nose is pinched;  the eyes  are sunk; the temples
hollow;  the  ears cold, and retracted; the  skin
of the forehead tense, and dry;  the complexion
livid ; the lips  pendent, relaxed, and cold, Ac
  The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of
the aspects of an organ; thus, we say, the  supe-
rior face of the stomach.
  FACE, IN.IECTEE, see Vultucux — f.   Vul-
tueuae, see  Vitltueux.
  FACET', (F.) Facette. Diminutive of Face. A
small  face.   A small, circumscribed portion of
the surface of a bone,  as the articular facette of
a bone.
  FACIIINGEN,   MINERAL  AVATERS   OF.
These springs are at no great distance from those
of Geilenau, and two miles north of Wisbaden.
They contain free carbonic acid ; carbonate, sul-
phate, and phosphate of soda; chloride of sodium,
carbonate of lime, magnesia, and iron.
  FA'CIAL, Facia'lis.  Belonging to,  or  con-
nected with, the face.
  Facial Angle, see Annie, facial.
  Facial Artery, La'bial artery, An'gular or
external max'illary artery,  A. palato-labial—
(Ch.)  is a  branch of the external carotid, which
rises  beneath the digastricus, and is distributed
to almost every  part  of the  face.   It furnishes
the inferior palatal,  submental, aitperior labial,
inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi.
  Facial Line, see Angle, facial.
  Facial Nerve,  Portio  dura of the  1th pair,
Ramita du'rior sep'tima conjugatio'nis,  Sympa-
thct'icua minor, Rea'piratory  nerve  of the face,
Par sep'timum  sive facia'le, Commit'nieans faciei
nervti8.  This nerve arises  from the inferior  and
lateral part of  the  tuber annulare, in the groove
which separates it  from the medulla oblongata,
external to the corpora olivaria, and by the  side
of the auditory nerve.  It issues from the cranium
by  tho meatus auditorius  internus;  enters the
aqueduct of  Fallopius; receives a branch of the
A'idiun nerve; forms a ga.ngliform swelling—Intu-
mesccn'tia gangliform'is;—sends off filaments to
the internal  muscles  of the malleus and stapes;
furnishes, according  to many anatomists,  that
called Chorda  Tympani;  makes its exit at the
foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into  two
branches—the temporo-facial, and cervico-facial.
On  the face it is termed,  Pes anseri'nns, Plexus
nemo'rum anseri\nus.   See Portio AVrisbergii.
  Facial Vein, Palato-labial—(Ch.,) arises be-
tween  the  skin and frontalis muscle, and bears
the name  V. Fronta'lia, (F.) Peine frontale ou
V. Preparole.  It  then descends, vertically, to-
wards the greater  angle of the eye, where  it is
called  Angula'ris ; and  afterwards  descends,
obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal  i
jugular, after having received branches, which
correspond with those of the facial artery.  It is
only in the latter part of its  course  that it is
called Facial Vein.  Chaussier calls the external
carotid artery, Facial Artery.
  FA'CIENT, faciena, ' making,' from facio, 'I
make.'  A suffix,  as in Cuhfacient, Rubefacient,
Ac, 'warm making,' 'red making.'
  FACIES, Face —f. Cadaverica, see Face — f.
Concava pedis,  Sole—f. Hippoeratica, see Face—
f. Inferior pedis, Sole—f. Tortualis, see Face.
  FA CTICE, Factitious.
  FACTIT'TOUS, Factil'ius, (F.) Factice, from
facere,  ' to make.'  Artificial.   That  which  is
made by art, in opposition to what is natural or
found already existing in nature.   Thus, we say,
factitioua mineral waters,  for  artificial mineral
waters.
  FACULTAS, Faculty—f.Auctrix, Plastic force
—f. Formatrix, Plastic force — f. Nutrix, Plastic
force—f. Vegetativa, Plastic force—f. Zotica, Vis
vitalis.
  FACULTATES NATURALES, see  Function.
  FACULTY, Facultas, Dy'namia, Power,  Vir-
tue. The  power of executing any function or act
The collection of the intellectual faculties consti-
tutes the understanding.  AVe say, also, vital fa-
culties for vital properties, Ac.
  FAECAL, Stercoraceous—f. Retention, Consti-
pation.
  F.ECES, Plural of Fax; Feces, Chersa, 'the
dregs of any thing.'  Fec'ulencc, (F.) Feces.  The
alvine evacuations are so called; (F.) Garderobes;
the excrements, Impurita'tes alvina, Facal mat-
ter.  See Excrement.
  Faces  Indurata, Scybala.
  FEICOSITAS, Feculence.
  FJECULA, Fecula.
  F.ECULENTIA, Feculence.
  F/ECUNDATIO, Fecundatio.
  F.ECUNDITAS, Fecundity.
  FJEX, Feculence.
  FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA,  Elaph'rium  tomen-
to'aum,  Am'yris tomento'sum,  from fagus, ' the
beech,' which it resembles.  The systematic name
of the plant, which affords Tacamaha'ca, a resi-
nous substance, that exudes from  the tree Taca-
mahaca, which has a fragrant, delightful smell,
was formerly in high estimation, as an ingredient
in warm, stimulating plasters, and was given in-
ternally, like the balsams  generally.  The JEW
India  Tacamahac,  Bal'samum Vir'ide, O'leum
Mar'ia, Bal'samum  Calaba, Balsamum maria,
Baume vert, is yielded by  Calophyllum inophyl-
lum seu Bahama'ria Inophyllum.
  The  name  Tacamahac is also given  to a resin
furnished  by Pop'ulus  balsaimf e ra seu tacama-
ha'ca, which grows in the northern parts of Ame-
rica and Siberia.
  FAGARA Piperi'tA,  (F.) Fagarier poivre; a
native of Japan, possesses  the qualities of pepper,
and is used as such by the Japanese.   It is, also,
employed  as a rubefacient cataplasm.
  FAGARAS'TRUM  CAPEN'SE.  Arat.  Ord.
Xanthoxyleas.  A South African plant, the fruit
of which is known to the Colonists as wild Car-
damom; and, on  account  of  its aromatic quali-
ties, is prescribed in  flatulency and paralysis.
  FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandria.
  FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum.
  FAGUS, F. sylvatica.
  Fagus Casta'nua.  The systematic name of
the Chestnut  Tree;  Casta'nea, C. vulga'ris. Cas-
ta'nta vesca,  Lo'pima, Mota,  Glans Jovis TheO-
phrasti, Ju'piter'a Acorn, Sardinian Acorn; the
Common Chestnut, (P.) Chatagnier commun.  Fa-
mily, Amentaceas.   Sex. Syst.  Moncecia Polyan- 
FAIBLESSE              358              FALSIFICATION
rfria.  The Chestnut,  Casta'nea nux, (F.) Cha-
taigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, hut not easy
of digestion.
  Fagus Castanea Pu'mila.  The Chin'capin
or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.) Chataignicr
nain.  The nut of  this  American tree  is  eaten
like the chestnut   The  bark, Castanea, (Ph. U.
S.) has been used in intermittents.
  Fagus Purpurea, F.  sylvatica.
  Fagus Sylvat'ica.   The systematic name of
the Beech, Fagus, F. sylvea'tria seu  purpu'rea,
Oxya, Balan'da,  Valan'ida; the Beech  Tree,
(F.) Hetre.  The Beech-nut or Beech-maat, (F.)
Faine, affords an oil,  by expression, which is of
a palatable character, and is eaten in some places
instead of butter.  It  has  been supposed to be a
good  vermifuge, but  it is no  better than any
mild oil.
  Fagus Sylvestris, F. Sylvatica.
  FAIBLESSE, Debility.
  FAIM, Hunger —/. Canine, Boulimia —/. de
Loup, Fames lnpina.
  FAINE, see Fagus  sylvatica.
  FAINTING, Syncope.
  FAINTING-FIT, Syncope.
  FAINTISHNESS, see Syncope.
  FAINTNESS, Languor, Syncope.
  FAIRBURN, MINERAL WATERS  OF. The
mineral waters at  this place,  which is  in the
county of  Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous,
and frequented.
  FA1SCEAU, Fasciculus—f. Intemediaire de
 Wriaberg,  Portio  Wrisbergii—/. Petit,  Fasci-
culus.
  FALCADINA, Scherlievo.
  FAL'CIFORM,   Falcifor'mia,  Drepano'i'dea,
fromfalx, 'ascythe,' and forma, 'shape.' Having
the shape of a scythe.  This term has  been ap-
plied  to different parts.  See Falx, and  Sinus.
  Falciform Expansion  of  the Fascia  Lata
is the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata,
which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening
for the  vena saphasna,  and is attached  to the
crural arch by its  superior extremity, forming
the anterior paries of the canal of the same name.
  FALLACIA, Hallucination.
  Fallacia  Optica.  An  optic illusion.
  FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian.
  FALLTRANCK,Faltranck(G.),literally,
a drink  againat falla.  A  vulnerary.  It is  a
mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin-
gent plants,  which grow chiefly in  the  Swiss
Alps, and hence the name—Vulniraire Suiaac—
given to such dried plants cut  into  fragments.
They  are called,  also, Eapecea Vulneraires,  and
The Suisse. AVithin the present century, in Eng-
land,  a kind 'of vulnerary  beer was often pre-
scribed, in country practice, in  all cases  of in-
ward bruises. It bore the name  Cerevis'ia nigra,
or black beer, and was formed by infusing certain
reputed vulnerary herbs in beer  or ale.
  The infusion of the Falltranck is aromatic, and
slightly agreeable, but of no use in the cases for
which it has been particularly recommended.
  FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE OF.  The climate
of Falmouth in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles
that of Penzance:  and, like it,  is in many re-
spects, a  favourable retreat for the  phthisical
during the winter months.
  FALSA VIA, False passage.
  FALSE, Falsus,Nothus,Pseudo, Spu'rioua, Baa-
tard, (F.) Faux, Fauaee.  This epithet has been
frequently added  to peripneumony, pleurisy, Ac,
to designate a disease similar to these, but  less
severe.   Most commonly, a severe  catarrh  or
pleurodynia has received the name.   See Peri-
pneumonia notha.
  False Passage, FalaaVia, (F.) FauaaeRoute.
An accidental passage, made  in surgical  opera-
tions, and particularly in introducing the  cathe-
ter.  The catheter  is  sometimes passed through
into the rectum.
  False Waters, Hydrallan'te, Falae Delivery.
Water,  which sometimes  collects  between  the
amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged
before the birth of the child.
  AVe say, also, Falae Riba, Falae Rhubarb, Ac.
  FALSETTO  VOICE, see Voice.
  FALSIFICATION, Adultera'tio, from faleua,
'false,' and facere, 'to make.' A fraudulent imi-
tation or alteration  of an aliment or medicine by
different admixtures.  Manga'nium, Manganisd-
tio.  It is synonymous with adulteration and
aophiatication.
TABLE OF COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE  MOST  USEFUL
                                 DRUGS, Ac.
Medicines.	Adulterations.	Mode of Detection.
Acacia Gummi. < Acetum Destilla-tum. Acidum Muriati-	r	' G. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G. is perfectly soluble in water, and its solution limpid. Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate. By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when thrown on burning charcoal. Supersaturate with ammonia — a blue colour is produced. Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate. ' Deposites by evaporation the salts it may con-tain ; precipitates with solution of hydrochlo-rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid. ' The presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci-pitate with nitrate of silver: that of sulphuric acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of baryta. [The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indi-cated by the smell, when the acid tested is [ strongly heated. f Their presence is indicated by forming a granu-lar sediment in a concentrated solution of a [ neutral salt of potassa.
	'	
cum. -----Nitricum. ------ Sulphuri- _ CUM. ----Citricum.	Muriatic and Sulphuric Acida. Muriatic and N^itric Acida. Tartaric and Oxalic Acid8.	
 
FALSIFICATION            359             FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of  Detection.
Ether Rectifica-
  tus.

Aqua Ammonia.
Ammonia   Carro-
  nas.
Carbonic Acid ,
Ammoniacum.
Ammonii Sulphure-
  tum.
Argenti Nitras.
Cinchona.
Bark.
Coccus.
Cochineal.
Colomba.
Copaiba.
Balsam of Copaiva.
 Crocus.
\ Saffron.
Lead.

Araenic...........,

Manganeae and Iron.

Copper.............
Too dilute.               The S. G. detects this.
Sulphuric Acid........   By acetate of baryta.  Precipitate white
 .,  , ,                 f With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu-
Alcoho1...............)   tion is formed.
                        f A precipitation  occurs on adding a solution of
                           muriate of lime.
                         It should be capable of complete volatilization
                           by heat.
                        (The Gutta Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry
                        I The lump Ammoniacum, lapis Ammoniaci, is often
                        [   adulterated with common resin.
                         It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat
                         Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable.
                        f A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live
                           coals, Ac,
Nitrate of Potassa.
Absenicum Album.

Balsamum Peruvi-
  ANUM.


Capsicum.
Cayenne Pepper.
Castoreum.
Caator.
Cera Flava.
Yellow Wax.
Cera Alba.
White  Wax.
 Are not vaporizable.
' The solution assumes a blue colour, when super
   saturated with ammonia.  It may be suspected
   when the salt deliquesces.
' The adulteration with nitrate  of potassa is easily
   recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which
   is radiated when pure, and  granular if adulte
   rated; or by  precipitating a solution  of the
   salts With a sufficient quantity of muriatic acid,
   and evaporating the clear liquor:  the  nitrate
   of potassa or other salts will remain.
 Not volatizable by heat
Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud.
  Chalk, Sulphate of Lime,  (
    Sulphate of Baryta.     \
  A mixture of Reain and  t
    some Volatile Oil, with -j Not easily detected.
    Benzoin.              (_ •
 ' Chloride of Sodium.....   This disposes it to deliquesce,
                          ( Digest  in  acetic acid, and add a solution of sul-
  Red Lead.............<   phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi
                          (   tate will be produced.
  A mixture of dried blood,  f
    gum ammoniac, and a
    little real caator, atuffed
    into the acrotum  of a
    goat.                  y
  p   ,    p      j        f May be suspected when the cake  is brittle and
                    .....{   colour grayish.
  „  .                     f Put it  in  cold  alcohol, which  will dissolve the
       .................(   resin, without acting on the wax.
                          f Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity,
  Tallow .... i..........-j   and its smell when melted.  Turmeric is  gene-
                          ts   rally added in this case to obviate the paleness.
  {White Lead...........   Melt the wax, the oxide will subside.
  Tallow ...............   The cake has not its ordinary translucency.
f Thia ia variously adulte- f „     it.jj.iji.      ...      j
   rated, butqenerally with  Can .on^ be detectt?d b£ Pract.lce' and. examining
   the   Carthagena   and]  lnt° *he  W»*My  of  qulnia or "nchon.a  it
    .,   ■  r ■   u   i        contains. ...
   other inferior barks.    [
 Pieces of dough  formed C
   in moulds, and coloured I Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear
with cochineal.

L
                        f The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba
                           by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops
                           of solution  of sulph. iron, which gives  to the
                           infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black
                           colour; but produces no change in the other.
                        ' If it does not retain its spherical form when dropped
                           into water, its adulteration may be inferred.
                         Mix one  part of strong liquid  ammonia of 22°,
                           with three parts of copaiba.   If pure,  the mix-
                           ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent;
                           if not, it will remain opake.
                         Affords an unpleasant odour when  thrown  on
                           live coals.
Petate of the  Calendula f T <■    ii.      •     •■..           ...„
  officinalis, and Cartha-\ I^!!.th!:,'?P1e.C,m.en m.Kot Water' and the dlffe"
  mit8 Tinctoriua.        (
Fibres of smoked Beef.,
rence will be perceptible. 
FALSIFICATION             360             FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of  Detection.
Cubeba.
Cubebs.

Cusparia  Cortex.
Angustura Bark.
Turkey  Yellow Berries,
  or the dried fruit of the
  Rhamnus Catharticua.
Detected by attentive examination.
f The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character-
i    ized by being covered with a matter resembling
(   the rust of iron
Guaiaci Resina
Reain of Guaiacum.  1 ,r   . .   ,„
      '              Manchmeel Gum
Hydrargyri Chlo-
 ridum Mite.
Calomel.
Hydrargyri   Oxi-
 dum Rubrum.
Red Precipitate.
Hydrargyri   Sul-
 phuretum Rubrum

Hydrargyri   Sul-
 phuretum Nigrum. "

Iodine.

Jalapa  Radix.
Jalap Root.
Magnesia.


Magnesia Subcar-
 bonas.
Carbonate of Magne-
\ Falae  Anguatura  some
J   times sold for it.

( n       n  .            f Detected  by the turpentine smell emitted when
 Common  Resin.........<    .,        J    ,  .  r  ,
                         (   thrown upon hot coals.
                         ( Add to the tincture a few  drops of spirit of nitre,
                         <    and dilute with water; the guaicum is precipi
                         (_   tated—the adulteration floats in the white strias.
                         ' A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate
                             of potass, from a solution made by boiling the
                             suspected sample with a small  portion of mu
                             ria'te of ammonia in distilled  water;  or, the
                             presence of deuto-chloride of mercury is indi
                             cated, by warming  gently a small quantity of
                             calomel in alcohol,  filtering and adding to the
                             clear liquor some lime-water, by which  a red-
                             dish  yellow precipitate  is afforded.    AVhen
                             calomel is rubbed with a fixed  alkali, it ought
                             to become intensely black, and not exhibit any
                             orange hue,
                         ' Digest in  acetic acid : add sulphuret of ammonia,
                             which will produce a dark coloured precipitate,
                             It should be totally volatilized  by heat.
Manna.
Morphia et  ejus
 Sales.
Morphia   and  its
 Salts.
Moschus.
Musk.
Olea Destillata.
Essential Oila.
Oleum Ricini.
Caator Oil.
Corroaive Sublimate, and
  Subnitrate of Biamuth.
Red Lead ,
Red Lead
Ivory Black
Plumbago, Charcoal, and
  Oxide of Manganese.

Bryony Root, spurious or
  false Jalap Root, and
  Liquorice Root.

Lime.................
Sulphuret of Lime.


Chalk..........,
Gypsum...............

A factitious article, con-
  sisting  of  honey  or
  sugar, mixed with scam-
  mony, is sometimes sold
 for it.
  Digest in acetic acid, and add  sulphuret of am-
    monia—a black precipitate will be produced.

j Throw a suspected portion on hot coals—the re-
    siduum will detect the fraud.

  The tests of its purity are — that it is perfectly
    soluble in ether. Heated on apiece of glass or
    porcelain, it sublimes without residuum.
  Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compact
    texture, and  does not easily burn at the flame
    of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste.
  Detected by the solution in dilute  sulphuric acid
    affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia.
  Gives off when moistened, the  smell of sulphu-
    retted hydrogen.
  Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to the
    suspected substance, when, if chalk be present,
    there will be a white insoluble precipitate.
  Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a
    barytic and oxalic reagent.
The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect
  it.
Dried Blood.
Asphaltum............

Fine particles of Lead ..

Fixed Oils............
Alcohol
Olive or Almond or Pop-
  py Oil.
[    '
 Morphia and its salts, when  placed in  contact
   with  nitric acid, are coloured  red;  with per
   salts of iron, blue.  They are perfectly soluble
   in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water,
   When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the
   adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with
   sulphuric ether, which dissolves the  narcotina,
   without sensibly affecting the morphia.
 The bag must not appear to have been opened
 This  may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke
   when inflamed.
 Discovered  by its melting and running, before it
   inflames.
 Rub with water. The metallic particles will subside
 Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before
(  the fire : fixed oil leaves a stain of grease.
I Add water.   A milkiness and  increase of tempe-
{  rature occurs.
f Alcohol S. G. *820 will mix with  any proportion
■j  of castor oil, whilst  it dissolves very little of
{_  the others. 
FALTRANCK               361                 FARCTURA
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of  Detection.
Opium.
Potassii Iodidum.
Iodide of Potaaaium. '
Extract  of   Liquorice,
  Bulleta   and   Stonea
  sometimea  in it; Ex-
  tract of Poppy, of Che-
  lidonium  majua;   G.
  Arabic, G. Tragdcanth,
  Linseed   Oil,   Cow'a
  Dung.

Chlorides  of  Potaaaium
  and Sodium, Nitrate of
  Potuaaa.
Mannite.
Quinia Sulphas.
Sulphate of Quinia.

Strychnia et ejus f
 Sales.
Strychnia  and  its
 Salts.
Zinci Oxydum.      (Chalk.
Flowers of Zinc.     \ White Lead .
Brucia.
The best opium is covered with leaves and  the
  reddish capsules of a species of Rumex.  The
  inferior kinds have capsules adherent It is bad
  when soft and friable, when intensely black or
  mixed with many impurities, and when sweet,
  The quantity of morphia affords the best test.

The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a
  solution of the  salt with nitrate of silver, and
  treating the precipitate with ammonia, which
  dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting
  upon the iodide of this metal.
Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination:
  is perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and  in
  water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid.

They are free from brucia when no colour is pro-
  duced by contact with nitric acid.

Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence.
Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead.
   FALTRANCK, Falltranck.
   FALX.  Anatomists  have given  this name to
several membranous reflections having the shape
of a falx or scythe.
   FALX Cerebel'lI, (F.) Faux du cervelet, Falx
minor, Septum  median du cervelet (Ch.,)  Septum
Cerebelli, Proces'sus faid for'mis Cerebelli, Sep-
tum  Parvum occipitdle, is a triangular  process
of the dura mater opposite the  internal occipital
protuberance.   Its base is attached to the middle
of the tentorium, and its  top or apex bifurcates,
to proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum.
Its convex surface is towards the cranium, and
its concave in the fissure or groove, which sepa-
rates the two lobes of the cerebellum.
  Falx Cer'ebri, Septum Cerebri, Falx major,
Ver'tical supe'rior longitu'dinal proc"ess, Media-
ati'num cerebri,  (F.) Faux du cerveau, Repli longi-
tudinal de la mhiinge, (Ch.,) Procea'aua fdlcifor-
mi8  dura matria.  The greatest process of the
dura mater. It extends  from the fore to the hind
part of the skull, on the median  line; is broad
behind, and narrow before, and is lodged in the
groove  which separates the hemispheres  from
each other—the interlobular fissure.  At its supe-
rior part is situated the  longitudinal  pinus (supe-
rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge
of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus. Its
anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli;
its posterior is continuous with the tentorium ce-
rebelli, and contains the straight sinus.
  Falx Major, Falx  cerebri — f.  Minor,  Falx
cerebelli.
  Falx of the Peritoneum, Great, Falx peri-
tnne'i max'ima, (F.)  Grande faux du peritoine,
Fatix de la Veine  Ombilicale, Falx of the umbi-
lical vein, is a reflection  of the peritoneum, which
ascends from the umbilicus to  the  anterior and
inferior surface  of the liver.
  Falcks of the  Peritone'um, Lesser, Falcea
Pevitone'i min'ima, (F.) Petiteafaux du peritoine,
are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the re-
flections which  the peritoneum forms, raised up
by the umbilical arteries.
  Falx of the Umbilical A'ein, Falx, great,
of the Peritoneum.
  FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS, from fames, 'hunger.'
Fever  accompanied  with insatiable  hunger. —
Sylvius.
  FAMELICUS, Hungry.
   FAMES,  Hunger — f. Bovina,  Boulimia — f.
Canina, Boulimia.
   Fames Lupi'na, Lycorex'is, (F.) Faim de Loup.
Authors have described, under this name, a kind
of boulimia,  or depravation of the digestive func-
tion, in which the patient  eats voraciously, and
passes his food, almost immediately afterwards,
per anum.
  FAMEX,  Contusio.
  FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,
from fama,' fame,' and gero, ' I wear.'  A plaster,
extolled in ague, and made  of aromatic, irritating
snbstances.  It was applied to the wrist
  FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stool.
  FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary.
  FAMIS, Contusio.
   FAMIX, Contusio.
   FANCULUM, Anethum.
   FANCY MARK, Nasvus.
  FANG, Radix.
  FANON(F.) from (G.) Fahne,'a banner,'
'ensign,'  'standard.'   Fcr'ula, Lec'tulus  stra-
min'eus,  Thor'ulus stramin'eus.   A splint  of  a
particular shape, employed in  fractures  of the
thigh  and leg to keep the bones in  contact.
  The Fanona were divided into true and falae.
  The true consists of a cylinder  of straw, strongly
surrounded with a cord or riband, in the centre
of which a stick is usually placed  to  ensure its
solidity.  The false consists of  a thick piece of
linen, made  flat like a compress, and  folded at
the extremities.  It was placed between the frac-
tured  limb and the true fanon.  The Drap-fanon
is a large piece of common  cloth placed between
the fractured "limb, in which the fanons  or lateral
splints are rolled.
  FANTOM, Phantom, from tpavraapa, 'a spectre.'
(F.) Phantdme, Fantome, Mannequin, Man'nekin.
This word has  two acceptations.  It means the
spectres and images which  the imagination pre-
sents  to  the sick, when asleep  or awake;  and,
also, the  figure on which surgeons practise  the
application of bandages, or the  accoucheur  the
manual part of midwifery,—Phanto'ma  obstet-
ric"ium.
  FARCIMINALIS  MEMBRANA  seu  TU-
NICA, Allantois.
  FARCINOMA, Equinia.
  FARCTC'RA,  Fartu'ra; from  farcire,  'to
stuff.'   The  operation  of  introducing  medicinal 
                  FARCTUS

substances into the  cavities of animals or of
fruits, which have been previously emptied.
  FARCTUS, Emphraxis,
  FARCY GLANDERS, sec Equinia.
  FARD, Paint.
  FARDEAU, Mole.
  FARFARA, Tussilago—f. Bechium, Tussilago.
  FARI'NA, Alphiton, Crimnon, Al'eton, Aleu'-
ron, Ale'ma, from far,' corn,' of which it is made.
Meal or flour.  The powder, obtained by grind-
ing the  seeds of the gramineous, leguminous, and
cucurbitaceous plants in particular.  It is highly
nutritious, and  is  much used, dietetically as well
as medicinally.
  Leath's Alimen'tary Fari'na, or Homcepath'ic
Farina'ceoiis Food, is said  to  consist principally
of  wheat flour, slightly baked, and sweetened
with sugar, together with potato flour and a very
small quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca.
  Farina Amygdalarum, see Amygdala.
  Farina, Compounded, Baster's,  is  said  to
consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar.
  Farina, Nutritious,  Maidman's,  is  said  to
consist  of potato  flour, artificially coloured of a
pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro-
bably rose pink.
  Farina Trit'ici,  wheaten  flour; F. Seca'lis,
Rye flour or meal;  F. Hordei, Barley meal; F.
Avendcea, Oat  meal, Ac.   See Amylum.
  Farina Resolvent'es, (F.)  Farines Resolu-
tives.  This  name was formerly given to a mix-
ture of the  farina of four different plants; the
lupine, Lupinus albus,  the Ervum Ervilia, the
Vicia faba, and the Barley, Hordeum distichum.
They were recommended to form cataplasms.
  FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'ceus, Farino'sus,
(F.) Farineux,  Mealy.  Having the appearance
or nature of farina.  A term given to all articles
of food which contain farina.  The term Farina-
cea includes all those substances, called cerealia,
legumina, Ac, which contain farina, and are em-
ployed as nutriment.
  Hard's farinaceous food  is fine wheat flour,
which has been subjected to some heating process.
Braden'8 farinaceous food is said to be wheat
flour, baked.
  In Pathology, the epithet farinaceous, (F.) fa-
rineux, is applied to certain eruptions, in which
the epidermis exfoliates in small particles similar
to farina.
  Farinaceous Food, Braden's, see Farina-
ceous—f. Food,  Hard's, see Farinaceous—f. Food,
Homoeopathic, see Farinaceous.
  Farinaceous Food, Plumbe's,  is said to con-
sist principally of bean or pea  flour, most pro-
bably the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot,
some potato flour, and a  very little  Maranta
arrowroot.
  Farinaceous Food,  Prince  Albert's, "for
infants and invalids of all ages," is said to con-
sist entirely  of wheat flour, slightly baked.
  FARINARIUM, Alica.
  FARINES RESOLUTIVES, Farinas resol-
ventes.
  FARINEUX, Farinaceous.
  FARINOSUS, Farinaceous.
  FARRIER, Hippiater.
  FART, Sax. yaric, from Teut fahren, 'to go:'
—fart,'a voyage.' (G.) Furz.  Bdcllus, Bdolua,
Bdelyg'mia, Bdelyg'mua, Porda, Phyaa, Phyae,
Flatua,  Crep'itua, (F.) Pet.  A sonorous or other
discharge of wind from behind.  A  low word,
but of respectable parentage.
  FARTURA,  Farctura.
  FARTUS, Emphraxis.
  FAS'CIA, from faacia, 'a bundle.'  Ligdtio,
Ligatu'ra,  Alligatu'ra,  Anadea'mua,  Vin'cula,
Spar'ganon, Epidea'moa,  Vinctu'ra.  A bandage,
2                 FASCIA

 fillet, roller, ligature.   The aponeurotic expan-
 sions of muscles, which bind parts together, are,
 likewise,  termed Fasciae : — Aponcuroae8,  J'eri-
 mya'ia.  See, also, T:enia.
   Fascia Aponeurotica Femoris,  Fascia lata
 aponeurosis — f. Capitalis, Bonnet d'llippocrate,
 Capelina — f. Capitis, Diadema—f. Cooperi,  F.
 Transversalis.
   Fascia,  Crib'riform,  Faacia  Cribrifor'mia.
 The sieve-like portion of the fascia lata; so called
 from its being pierced  by numerous openings for
 the passage of lymphatic vessels.
   Fascia  Denta'ta,  Corpa  godronne of Vicq
 d'Azyr.  A  band of gray matter seen beneath
 the  tasnia hippocampi on raising it up, which
 runs along the inner  border of the cornu ammonis.
 It is, as it were, crenatcd by transverse furrows.
   Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet—f. Diophthalmica,
 Binoculus — f.  Dividens,  Dividing bandage — f.
 Heliodori, T bandage.
   Fascia Ili'aca, Iliac aponeuro'aia.  An apo-
 neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the
 psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior
 surface of the psoas magnus, when  the former
 muscle does not exist.  It is attached, externally,
 to the inner edge of  the crest of the ilium, below,
 and anteriorly—on  one side,  to the crural  arch,
 sending an  expansion to the fascia transversalis;
 and on  the other,  continuous  with  the deep-
 seated lamina of.the fascia lata, which forms the
 posterior paries  of the  crural canal.  AVithin and
 behind, the  fascia iliaca is attached to the brim
 of the pelvis, and is  continuous with the aponeu-
 rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pclvian.
 The iliac  aponeurosis  covers  the iliac and psoas
 muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum.
   Fascia Inguinalis, Spiea.
   Fascia Lata.  A name given  by  anatomists
 to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle.
   Fascia Lata Aponeurosis,  Faacia aponeu-
 rot'ica fem'oria,  Vdgi'na fem'oria,  Crural  or
 Fem'oral Aponeurosis,  is  the  most extensive in
 the body,  and envelopes all the muscles of the
 thigh.   Above, it is attached to the outer edge of
 the ilia;  before, it arises from the crural arch by
 two distinct laminas,  separated by the femoral
 vessels, and becoming  confounded a little below
 the  part where the  great vena saphasna opens
 into the crural vein.   Of these two laminas, the
 one is more anterior and thicker than the other,
 and may be considered as a prolongation of the
 aponeurosis of  the external oblique.  It is inti-
 mately united to Poupart's ligament.  The other,
 which is  thinner, is behind, and  deeper seated,
 and, after its union with the former, proceeds to
 be inserted into  the pubis.  Inferiorly, the fascia
 lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the
 triceps, and  is attached to the  external tuberosity
 of the tibia.  The use of the fascia lata, like that
 of  other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action
 of the muscles, Ac.
   Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor vagina fem'n-
 ria,Faacia'lia, Membrano'sua, Mua'culua aponeuro'-
 81* vel fascia lata, Mua'culua fem'oria membrano'-
 eua, (F.) llio-aponevroai-femoral, Ilio-aponevroti-
 femoral—(Ch.), Ten8eur de Vaponevroae femora le.
 A muscle, situate at  the upper and outer part of
 the thigh.   It arises, above, from  the outer part
 of the anterior  and  superior spine of the ilium;
 and is inserted, below, between the two  lamina;
 of the fascia lata, which it stretches and raises
 when it contracts.
   Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses—
 f.  Pelvic,  Internal,  see Pelvic aponeuroses — f.
 Pelvic, Lateral,  see  Pelvic aponeuroses—f. Pel-
 vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses.
   Fascia Pro'pria.  A layer of  areolar tissue
 derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels,—
3( 
FASCLE                 363                  FATTY
or according to  some from the cribriform fascia.
It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and
is generally pretty dense about the neck? of the
hernia; but thin or even wanting on its fundus.
   Fascia Repens, Spica — f. Scapularis, Scapu-
lary—f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips—f.
Semicircularis, Taenia semicircularis—f. Spiralis,
Ascia — f. Stellata, Stella — f. Submuscular, see
\raginal, (of the eye.)
   Fascia,  Subperitone'al, Subperitoneal apo-
neuro'aia.  A thin tendinous layer  on the outer
surface of the peritoneum.
   Fascia Superficia'lis, Superficial aponeuro'-
sls of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) Aponevrose su-
perficiclle de labdomen et de la cuisse.  A very
thin aponeurosis, which covers the muscles and
aponeuroses of the abdomen; passes before the
crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree
of force; sends a membranous sheath, which sur-
rounds  the spermatic cord;  and is continuous
with the dartos, which it assists in forming.  The
fascia  superficialis  presents, beneath the crural
arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is pa-
rallel to the fold of the thigh.  It is applied over
the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter-
nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near
the root of the corpus cavernosum.  Before the
descent  of the testicle from  the abdomen, the
fascia superficialis is very manifestly continuous
with the Gubemaculum testis.
   Fascia Tformis, T bandage—f. Tortilis, Tour-
niquet.
   Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Cooped.  An apo-
neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus-
cle from the  peritoneum in the inguinal region.
It arises above the posterior  edge of the crural
arch, where it  seems to be continuous with the
aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above,
it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur-
face of the  transversalis abdominis.   Within, it is
continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of
the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be-
low, it is continuous with the  aponeurosis of the
greater oblique, and receives an expansion from
the Fascia Iliaca. Towards its middle and a little
above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has
the wide orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in
the female, by the round ligament of the uterus;
and, in man, furnishes an expansion, that serves
as a sheath to the spermatic vessels.
   FASCT.E, Swathing clothes—f. Ligamentosas
Coli,-see Colon.     v
   FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius—f.
Longus, Sartorius—f. Sutorius, Sartorius.
   FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO, Deligation.
   FASCIATIO, Deligation,  see Bandage—f. Cu-
cullata, Couvrechef.
   FASCICULI  INNOMINA'TI.   Two  large
bundles of  fibres  in the  interior of the medulla
oblongata, behind the corpora olivaria, and more
or less  apparent between those bodies and the
corpora restiformia.   They  ascend, and  become
apparent in the fourth ventricle, under the name
Fascic'uli seu Proces'sus ter'ctes.
   Fasciculi, Median Posterior,  of the  Me-
dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles—f.  Muscu-
lorum, see Muscular fibre—f. Pyramidales, Fer-
rein, pyramids  of—f. Teretes, Processus teretes,
see Fasciculi innominati—f. Teretes Cordis, Co-
lumnar carneas.
  FASCICULUS,  Phacel'lus, Pha'celus,  Fas'-
cicle,  from fuse is, 'a  bundle;' Desme'dion, 'a
small bundle.'  In  Anatomy,  it is  employed in
this sense: as '* a fasciculus offibres." (F.) Fais-
cean OU  Petit Faisceau, Trousseau.  In  Phar-
macy, it means  manip'ulus, Cheirople'thee, Y/ipo-
w\,)his. 'a handful:'—Musa  Brassavolus says,— i
as much as can be held in two fingers.          |
   Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fascicu-
 lus 0f—f. 0f Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of.
   FASCINOSUS, Membrosus.
   FASCINUM, Penis.
   FASCIOLA, Bandelette—f. Cinerea, Tubercu-
 lum cinereum—f. Hepatica, Distoma hepaticum
 —f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum—f. Lanceolata,
 Distoma hepaticum.
   FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris.
   FASTID'IUM,  abridged from fatis tadium.
 Fastidiousness, Squeamishnesa,  or  the condition
 of a stomach  that is readily affected with nausea.
   Fastidium Cibi, Asitia, Disgust.
   FASTIGIUM, Acme.
   FASTING, from Sax. pasptan, Limo'aia expera
 protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis,  Ine'dia, Jejil-
 nium.   Loss  or want  of appetite,  without  any
 other apparent affection of the stomach; so  that
 the system can  sustain almost total abstinence
 for  a long time without faintness.   Some won-
 derful cases of this kind are on record.  See Ab-
 stinence.
   FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele, Piar,  Piei'ron, Li-
 po8, Stear, Adeps, Sevum, Sebum, Corpus adipo'-
 sum, Axun'gia, Fat,  (F.)  Grais8e:  from G.  and
 A. S. Fett.   A soft, white, animal  substance;
 inodorous ; insipid;  oily ; inflammable, easy to
 melt; spoiling in the air, and becoming  rancid
 by union with oxygen :  almost insoluble in alco-
 hol ;  insoluble in  water; soluble  in fixed  oils.
 Fat is formed of the immediate principles, stearin,
 margarin  and olein, all of which are regarded as
 salts  composed  of  stearic,  margaric and oleic
 acids, and a common base, to which,  from its
 sweetish taste, the  name  Glyc"erin has been
 given.  To these are, almost always, joined an
 odorous and a colouring principle. Glycerin,  Gly-
 cerin a,  has been introduced into the last edition
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (1851), in which
 it is directed to be prepared as follows: — Lead
 plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid; boiling
 water, of each a gallon ; mix : stir briskly for 15
 minutes ;  allow it to  cool and pour off the liquid.
 Evaporate until it has the s. g. 1.15, and  pass
 slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydrie  acid
 until  a  black precipitate is no longer thrown
 down.  Filter and boil until  the  sulpho-hydrie
 acid is driven off, and evaporate the liquid until
 it ceases to lose weight.   Glycerin  is a colourless
 or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25.   It is
 soluble in water and in  alcohol, but not in ether.
 It is used  in the form of lotion, composed of half
 an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous
 diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy-
 osis.  It forms a kind of varnish, and might be
 useful in cases of burns.
   Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and
 is very  abundant  in the  neighbourhood  of the
 kidneys, and in the epiploon. It is generally fluid
 in the cetacea; soft,  and of a strong smell in the
 carnivora; solid, and inodorous in  the ruminat-
 ing animal; white, and  abundant in young  ani-
 mals ; and yellowish in old.  It generally forms
 about a  twentieth part of the weight of the human
 body.   The fat, considered  physiologically,  has,
 for its function, to protect the organs; maintain
 their temperature; and  to serve for rvitrition in
 case of need ; as is observed in torpid animals.
   Fat,  Corpulent—f. Cells, Fatty vesicles__f.
 Mack aw, see  Cocos butyracea.
   FATIGATIO, Copos.
   FATIGUE, Copos.
   FATTY, Adipo'sus, Adipa'tua, Pimel'icua, Pi-
 melo'des, Sax. past;  past participle  ofpeban, to
 feed, Ad'ipous, Pinguid, Pinguid'inous.  Rela-
 ting to fat.  Resembling or containing fat.   The
i cellular  membrane has  been called fatty or  adi-
| pous; from an opinion that, in its areolas, the fat ia 
FATUITAS
364
FEBRIS
deposited.   The  areolar membrane,  however,
merely lodges, between its lamellas and filaments,
the vesicles in which the fat is contained.
  Fatty Lig'ament, Ad'ipoua  ligament.  This
name has been given to a reflection of the syno-
vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes
from the ligamentum  patellas towards the cavity
that separates the condyles of the femur.
  Fatty Membrane, Adipous membrane,  Adi-
poua tissue.   The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or
that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles.
  Fatty Ves'icles,  Adipoua veaiclea,  Sac'culi
adipo'ei, Fat cella.  This name is given to small
bursas or membranous vesicles which enclose  the
fat, and  are  found  situate in  the areolae of  the
areolar  tissue.  These vesicles  vary  much in
size.  Generally, they  are  round and  globular;
and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are
very apparent  They form  so many small sacs
without  apertures, in the interior  of which  are
filaments arranged like septa.  In fatty subjects,
the adipous  vesicles are' very perceptible, being
attached to the areolar tissue  and neighbouring
parts by a vascular pedicle.  Raspail affirms that
there is  the  most  striking analogy between  the
nature of the adipose granules  and that of  the
amylaceous grains.
  Fatty Vessels, Adipous veaaela.  The vessels
connected with the fat.  Some anatomists  have
called Adipoua canala,  (F.) Conduits adipeux, the
vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat.
  Fatty Degeneration of the Liver, Adiposis
hepatica—f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica.
  FATU'ITAS, Moro'sis, Stultil'ia, Stupor men-
tis, Amen'tia; from fatuus, 'foolish.'   Mental
imbecility.   Idiotism.   Dementia.  One affected
with fatuity is said to he fat'uous.
  FATUOUS, see Fatuity.
  FAUCES,  Isthmus,  Pharynx, Throat.
  FAUCETTE VOICE, see Voice.
  FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA.   The  sports of
the Fauni.   Some authors have called  thus  the
incubus: others, epilepsy.
  FAUSSE, False.
  FAUSSE  COUCHE (F.), Vanum partu'rium.
Some authors have used this term for the expul-
sion of different bodies constituting false concep-
tions ; such  as moles, hydatids,  clots of blood,
Ac.  Most accoucheurs use the  term synony-
mously with  abortion.
  FAUSSE  POSITION (F.),  False  position.
The French  use this term, in vulgar language, to
indicate any attitude in which torpor,  tingling,
and loss of  power over the motion of a part, are
produced by too  strong  contraction or painful
compression.
   FAUSSE ROUTE, False passage.
   FAUSTI'NI  PASTIL'LI,  Faustinus'a  Lo-
zenges.   These were once celebrated.  They were
composed of burnt paper, quicklime, oxide of ar-
senic, sandarach, lentila, Ac.
   FA UX,  False —/. du Cerveau, Falx cerebri —
/.  du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli—/. Grande du pe-
ritoine, Falx, great, of the peritoneum—-/. Petite
du peritoine, Falx, lesser, of the  peritoneum—/
de  la Veine ombilicale, Falx, great, of the perito-
neum.
   FA VEUX, Favosus.
   FAVIFORMIS, Favosus.
   FAVO'SUS.  Similar to a honeycomb.  Favi-
form'is, Favoua, from favua, cerion,  'a honey-
comb.'   (F.) Favenx.  An epithet given to a  spe-
cies  of porrigo.   Cerion, Favua;  means also a
state of ulceration, resembling a honeycomb.
   FA'VULUS ; diminutive of favus,  'a honey-
comb.'   Favuli is used by Dr. Morton, of Phila-
delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the
lining membrane of the stomach — the stomach-
ct.ils of Messrs. Todd and Bowman.
  FAArUS, Porrigo, Porrigo favosa,  see Favosus,
  FEATHERFEW, Matricaria.
  FEBRIC'ITANS, Feb'riens, Enip'yros.   One
attacked with fever;  from febricitare, 'to have a
fever.'
  FEBRIOITATIO, Feverishness.
  FEBRICOSUS, Feverish.
  FEBRICULA,  Fe'veret.  Diminutive of fe-
bris,  'fever.'  A  term  employed  to express  a
slight degree of fever.   Ephemera.
  FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness.
  FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish.
  FEBRIFACIENT, see Feverish.
  FEBRIF'EROUS, Feb'rifer, from febris, 'fe-
ver,'  and  fero, 'I carry.'   Fever-bearing, as a
febriferous locality.
  FEBRIFIC, see Feverish.
  FEB'RIFUGE,  Lexipyret'icus,  Lexipyr'ctus,
Pyrct'icus, A lexipyret'icus,  Antifebri'lis, Antipy-
relic, Febrif'ugua, from febria, ' a fever,'  and
fugare, 'to drive away.' A medicine which pos-
sesses the property of abating or  driving away
fever.
  FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia.
  FE'BRILE, febri'lia. Relating  to fever, as
febrile movement, febrile pulae, Ac.
  FEBRIS, Fever —f. Acmastica,  Synocha —f.
Acuta, Synocha—f. Acuta continua, Synocha—f.
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal — f.
Adeno-nervosa, Plague—f. Africana, Fever, Afri-
can—f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agryp-
nos—f. Alba, Chlorosis—f. Algida, see Algidus—
f. Amatoria, Chlorosis, Hectic  fever — f. Ame-
ricana, Fever, yellow—f. Amphemera, Quotidian
—f. Amphimerina hectica,  Hectic feyer—f. Am-
phimerina latica, Latica (febris)—f. Ampullosa,
Pemphigus — f. Anabatica,  Continued fever—f.
Angiotenica,  Synocha — f.  Anginosa,  Angina
— f. Annua, see Annual diseases—f. Anomala,
Fever, anomalous — f." Aphonica, Fever,  aphonic
— f. Aphthosa, Aphtha — f. Apoplectica, Fever,
apoplectic—f. Ardens, Synocha—f. Arte promota,
Fever, artificial—f. Arthritica, Gout—f. Asodes,
Fever, bilious, see Asodes—f. Assidua, Continued
fever—f.  Asthenica, Fever, asthenic, Typhus—
f. Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic—f. Ataxo-adyna-
mica, Fever, ataxo-adynamic—f. Azodes, see Aso-
des— f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious—f. Bullosa, Pem-
phigus—f.  Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic—f. Ca-
tarrhalis,  Catarrh —f. Catarrhalis epidemica, In-
fluenza—f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes,
Synocha—f. Cephalalgia, Fever, cephalalgic—f.
Cephalica, Fever,  cephalic—f. Cholepyretica, Fe-
ver, bilious — f. Cholerica,  Fever, bilious, Fever,
choleric — f. Chronica,  Fever, chronic—f.  Coal-
terna, see Coalternse febres—f. Colliquativa, Fe-
ver, colliquative—f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec-
tic— f. Communicans,  see Subintrantes F. — f.
Confusa,  see Confusas febres—f. Continens, Ty-
phus— f. Continens non putrida,  Synocha — f.
Continens putrida, Typhus — f. Continua inflam-
matoria, Empresma—f. Continua putrida, Syno-
chus  —f. Continua putrida icterodes Caroliniensis,
Fever, yellow—f. Continua non putris, Synocha
—f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha—f. Convulsiva,
Fever,  convulsive — f. Crymodes, see Crymodes,
and Algid fever—f. Culicularis,  Miliary fever—f.
cum  Delirio, Fever, delirious — f. Depuratoria,
Fever,  depuratory—f.  Deurens,  Synocha—f. Di-
aphoretica, Fever, diaphoretic—f.  Diaria, Ephe-
mera— f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane—f.
Dysenterica, Dysentery—f. Elodes, see  Elodes—
f. Elodes icterodes,  Fever, yellow — f.  Enterica,
 see Typhus — f. Enteromesenterica,  Entero-mc-
 senteric — f. Epacmastica,  see Epaemasticos — f.
 Ephemera, Ephemera—f. Epideinica cum angina,
 Cynanche maligna—f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptio
 —f. Erotica, fever, erotic—f. Erratica, Fever, ano- 
FEBRUA
malous, Fever, erratic, see Erratic  and Planetes
—f. Erronca, see Planetes—f. Erysipelacea, Ery-
sipelas—f. Erysipclatosa, Erysipelas—f. Esserosa,
Miliary fever — f. Exquisita, Fever, regular — f,
Exanthematiea articularis, Dengue—f. Famelica,
se9 Fameliea Febris—f. Fiava,  Fever, yellow—f.
Fiava Americanorum, Fever, yellow—f. Gangras-
nodes, Fever,  gangrenous—f. Gastrica, Fever, bi-
lious, Fever, gastric—f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever,
gastric—f. <iastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady-
namic — f. Haemoptoica, Fever,  hasmoptoic — f.
Hebdomadana, Octana —f. Heetiea, Hectic fever
— f. Ilectica  infantum,  Tabes  mesenterica — f.
Hectica maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior—f. He-
meresia, Quotidian—f. Hemitritaea,  Hemitritasa—
f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious—f. Hepatica inflam-
matoria, Hepatitis — f. Horrifica, see Algidus—f.
Horrida, see.Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever, hu-
moral—f. Hungarica,  Fever, Hungaric—f. Hydro-
cephalic!,  Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro-
phobica, Fever, hydrophobic—f.  Hysteretica, see
Postpositio—f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric—f. Ic-
terica, Fever, icteric—f. Iliaca inflammatoria, En-
teritis— f.  Infantum  remittens,  Fever, infantile
remittent—f. Inflammatoria, Synocha—f. Inten-
sio, Epitasis—f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever
—f. Intermittens  cephalica larvata, Cephalalgia
periodica—f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus —
f. Intestinorum, Enteritis — f. Irregularis, Fever,
anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata,
Fever, masked—f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit-
tent, Hectic fever, Synochus — f. Lenta nervosa,
Typhus mitior, Fever, nervous — f. Lenticularis,
Miliary fever—f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic—
f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial — f. Lymodes,  fever,
singultous — f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous — f.
Maligna, Fever,  malignant — f.  Maligna biliosa
Americas, Fever, yellow—f. Maligna cum Sopore,
Typhus—f. Maligna flava  Indias  occidentalis,
Fever, yellow—f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma-
rasmopyra—f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever, gastric
—f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal, Fever,
mesenteric—f. Methemerina, Quotidian—f. Mili-
aris, Miliary fever—f. Minuta, Fever, syncopal—
f. Morbillosa,  Rubeola—f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno-
meningeal—f. .Mucosa Verminosa,  Fever,  infan-
tile remittent — f. Nautica pestilentialis, Typhus
gravior—f; Nephritica, Fever, nephritic—f. Ner-
vosa, Fever, nervous—f. Nervosa epidemica, Ty-
phus— f. Nervosa enterica,  see Typhus — f. Ner-
vosa  exanthematica,  Typhus — f.  Nervosa gas-
trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa mesenterica, see
Typhus—f. Nervosa petechialis, Typhus—f. Neu-
rodes, Fever, nervous—f. Nocturnus, see Noctur-
nal— f. Nonana, Fever,  nonane — f. Nosocomio-
rum, Typhus gravior—f. Nycterinus, see Noctur-
nal— f. Octana, Fever octane—f. Oscitans, Osci-
tant  fever—f.  Paludosa,  see  Elodes—f.  Pan-
nonica,  Fever,   Hungary — f.  Pemphingodes,
Pemphigus — f.  Pemphygodes,  Pemphigus — f.
Pempta, Quintan—f. Periodica, Fever,  periodic
— f. Perniciosa, Fever, pernicious—f. Pestilens,
Plague—f.  Pestilens  maligna,  Typhus gravior
— f. Pestilentialis, Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti-
lentialis Europas, Typhus gravior—f. Petechialis,
Typhus gravior—f. Phthisica,  Hectic fever—f.
Planetes, see Planetes—f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis—f.
Podagriea, Gout—f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious—
f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic,  Pneumonia—
f. Puerperalis biliosa, Metrocholosis—f. Puerpe-
rarum,  Puerperal fever — f. Puncticularis, Mili-
ary fever, Typhus gravior—f. Puerperalis,  Fever,
puerperal — f. Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris,
Miliary fever—f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent — f.
Putrida, Typhus  gravior—f.  Putrida  nervosa,
Typhus mitior—f. Quartana, Quartan — f.  Quer-
qiiera, sec Algidus—f. Quinta, Quintan—f.  Quin-
tana, Fever,  quintan, Quintan — f.  Quotidiana,
Fever, quotidian, Quotidian—f. Regularis,  Fever,
FEE
regular—f. Remittens, Remittent fever—f. Re-
mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent—f.
Rheumatica inflammatoria, Rheumatism, acute—
f. Rubra, Scarlatina—f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urti-
caria—f. Sanguinea,  Synocha—f. Sapropyra, Ty-
phus gravior — f. Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina—f.
Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic — f. Scmitertiana,
Hemitritaea—f. Septana, Fever,  septan—f. Ses-
quialtera, Hemitritasa—f. Sextana, Fever, sextan
—f.  Simplex, Ephemera, Fever, simple—f. Sin-
gultosa,  Fever, singultous—f. Soporosa, Fever,
apoplectic — f. Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral — f.
Sthenica, Synocha—f.  Stomachica inflammato-
ria, Gastritis—f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant—
f. Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic, Hydropyretus,
Sudor anglicus—f. Syncopalis, Fever,  syncopal—
f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic—f. Tabida, Fever,
colliquative,  Hectic fever — f. Tertiana, Fever,
tertian, Tertian  fever—f.  Tonica,  Synocha—f.
Topica, Neuralgia, facial—f. Toxica,  Fever, yel-
low— f. Tragica, Fever, tragic — f. Traumatica,
Fever, traumatic—f. Tropica, Fever, yellow—f.
Typhodes, Typhus—f. Urticata, Urticaria—f. Ute-
rina, Metritis—f. Vaga, Fever,  anomalous, see
Planetes — f. Variolosa,  Variola—f. Verminosa,
Fever, infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helmin-
thopyra—f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal—f. A'esieu-
laris, Miliary Fever, Pemphigus — f. Virginum,
Chlorosis.
  FEB'RUA ; from  februo, ' I  purge.'  In  an-
cient mythology,  a  goddess who presided  over
menstruation.
  FECAL, Stercoraceous.
  FECES, Fasces.
  FECONDATION, Fecundation.
  FECONDITE, Fecundity.
  FEC'ULA,  Fa'cula,  diminutive of fax, 'lee.'
An immediate principle of  vegetables, composed
of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.  It  exists in
several plants, and has  different names, accord-
ing  to that which furnishes  it.   AVhen extracted
from wheat or barley, it is  called at arch, Am'y-
lum.  AArhen from Cycus circina'lis, Sago ;—from
Orchia mo'rio, Salep.  We  say,  also,  Fecula of
the  Potato, Bryony,  Arum, Manioc, Ac.
  Fecula, Green. This name is given to a green,
solid matter, of variable character, which is be-
lieved  to be resinous, and which renders turbid
several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables.
It is, also, called  Chlorophyll.
  Fecula Amylacea,   Amylum — f.  Marantae,
Arrow-root—f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot.
  FECULENCE, Faculen'tia, Facos'itas, Fax,
Lemma, Fa'ces, Lee, Deposit, Dregs.  In Phar-
macy, feculent, albuminous, or  other  substances,
which are deposited  from turbid fluids.
  FECULENT,  Faculen'tus, Hypat'ryyus,  Try-
go'des.   ' Foul,  dreggy, excrementitious;'  as  a
feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, Ac.
  FECUND, Fecun'dus, Facun'dus, (F.) Fecond.
Same etymon as the next.   Fruitful,  Prolific.
  FECUNDA'TION,  Facunddtio,  Impregnd-
tion, Impragna'tio, Ingraviddtio,  Pragndtio,
Graviddtio,  Pragna'tus, Fructified tio, Cye'sis,
Encye'sis, Encymo'sia, Proerea'tion, (F.) FScon-
dation.  The act by which, in organized beings,
the material  furnished by the generative organs
of the female, unites with that prepare4,l>y those
of the male,  so that  a new being results.     f  ';
  FECUN'DITY, Eutoc'ia, Facun'ditas,  Pro-
ductiv'itas, (F.) Fecondite.   The faculty of repro-
duction, possessed by organized bodies.
  It has been estimated  that throughout a coun-
try, taking one marriage with another,  not more
than 4 children are the result; and in towns only
35 children to 10 marriages.
  FEE, Sostrum. 
FEET                  366          FEIGNED DISEASES
  FEET,  BURNING OF THE.   A singular ca-
chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcolmson as
occurring  in  India, the prominent symptom  of
which was a sense of burning in the feet.
  FEGARITE, Cancer aquaticus,  Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous.
  FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Morbi diaaimuldti
seu simula'ti seu cela'ti seu infitia'ti seu peeudd-^
lei, Sim'ulated  diseasea, Pretend'ed  diseaaes,
(F.) Maladies diaaimuUea, M. aimuUes, M. fcintcs,
M. auppoaeea.  The tricks employed, by  impos-
tors, to induce a belief that they are  attacked
with diseases when they are  not.  These  are ge-
nerally assumed by beggars  to obtain alms; by
criminals to escape punishment;  and by soldiers
to be exempt from duty.
  The  following table exhibits the chief feigned
diseases, with the means of detection.
A  TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED DISEASES OR
                                DISQUALIFICATIONS.
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
1. Abortion.
2. Abstinence.
3. Amaurotic
  Blindness.
4. Apoplexy.
5. Cachexia, Ana-
mia, and Debility.

6.   Excretion of
    Calculi.

1.  Cancerous Ul-
      cer.
8. Catalepsy.
9. Chorea.
By staining the clothes and  body
  with borrowed blood.
  By applying the extract of bella-
-!   donna or  datura  stramonium to
    the eye.
10. Contraction of
  Joints in  Gene-
  ral.
11. Contraction of
  the Fingers.
12. Convulsions.
13. Opake Cornea.
14. Cutaneous  Dis-
  eases.
By falling  down as if deprived of
  sensation and consciousness.

Using substances to make the face
  appear pale and livid.  Indulging
  freely in  wine,  and privation of
  sleep prior to examination.

Putting sand, pebbles, Ac, into the
  urine.

By gluing on a portion of a spleen
  with the  smooth  side to the skin,
  leaving on the  outside the  ap-
  pearance  of an ulcerated surface.

By seeming to be suddenly motion-
  less, the joints remaining flexible,
  and external objects making no
  impression.
By assuming the convulsive motions
  of a part which characterize cho-
Produced by the application of a
  strong acid, by acrid powders, as
  quicklime,  Ac.
Some articles of diet will bring on
  urticaria or nettle-raah, in parti-
  cular individuals,  as shell-fish,
  bitter  almonds,  Ac.   By acrids,
  acids, or any irritants applied to
  the surface.  An ointment of tar-
  tarized antimony causes a painful
  pustular eruption.   See  Porrigo,
  in this list.
By constant and minute attention.
Amaurosis is characterized by dila-
  ted pupil.  AVhere  these  sub-
  stances have  been applied, the
  effects will go off in ten days or a
  fortnight.
By powerful stimulants; an electric
  shock;  application of hot water,
  sternutatories, actual cautery, Ac.
By examining if the pulse be strong,
  and the skin  hot, and  whether
  there  be loss  of appetite or of
  strength, or swelling of the limbs.
By the aid of chymistry.  We are
  acquainted  with the  chymical
  composition of urinary calculi,

By noticing whether  there be signs
  of cachexia, and by attentive ex-
  amination of the part.

By powerful  stimulants, as  recom-
  mended under apoplexy.  Letting
  fall a drop of boiling water on the
  back.   Proposing to use the ac-
  tual cautery, and seeing whether
  the pulse rises.
By examining the patient whilst he
  may imagine himself unobserved,
  and seeing whether the convul-
  sive motions go on.   By anaes-
  thetics. (?)
Mode of discrimination  sometimes
  so obscure as to deceive the most
  practised and attentive.
Introduce a cord between  the fin-
  gers and the palm of the hand,
  and gradually apply weights so
  as to expand the fingers.  Confine
  him so that he cannot obtain his
  food without using his clenched
  hand.
AVhen feigned, they do not present
  the rigidity of muscles or the ra-
  pidity of action  which characte-
  rize the real.  The mode of de-
  tection  must be the  same as in
  epilepsy.
The existence of the opacity can be
  detected by attentive observation.
By careful examination on the part
  of practitioner and nurse. 
FEIGNED DISEASES          367          FEIGNED  DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
15.Deaf-Dumbness.
16. Deafness.
17. Death.

18.   Debility,
  Cachexia.

19. Deformity.
20. Delivery.
21. Diarrhcea.
22. Dropsy.
23. Dysentery.
24. Epilepsy.
25. Fever.
26. Fistula in Ano.
27. Fractures.
It may  be  assumed or excited by
  putting a pea in the  ear, or by
  inserting  irritants, so as to induce
  inflammation and temporary loss
  of function.
Some persons possess the power of
  suspending or moderating the ac-
  tion of the heart.
After enlargement produced artifi-
  cially, a subsidence of the tume-
  faction ; the parts being moisten-
  ed by borrowed blood, and the
  child  of  another  substituted as
  the female's own.
Said to have been caused by a mix-
  ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?)
  May be occasioned by the use of
  any of the purgative roots, Ac.
May be feigned, like pregnancy, by
  wearing pads.  The anasarcous
  condition of the lower limbs has
  been caused by applying a liga-
  ture  round  them.   By inflating
  the cellular membrane of the ab-
  domen.
May be feigned, like  diarrhoea, by
  adding a little blood to the eva-
  cuations, or by introducing a soap
  or some more irritating supposi-
  tory.

The foaming of the mouth has been
  produced by keeping a piece of
  soap in it.
By various stimulants,  as  wine,
  brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a
  small quantity of tobacco, or in-
  troducing it into the anus.  Flour
  or chalk used  to  whiten  the
  tongue.  Redness of skin, caused
 ' by friction with a hard brush.

By making an incision  near the
  verge of the anus, and introducing
  into it an acrid tent, such as the
  root of white hellebore, Ac.
There is generally nothing but the
  man's own testimony.   He  com-
  plains of pain in the part; if frac-
  ture  of the  skull be feigned, he
  states, perhaps, that he becomes
  deranged on tasting liquor.
The really deaf and dumb acquire
  an expression of countenance and
  gestures which it is difficult to
  assume.
Make a noise  when not expected,
  and see if the countenance varies
  or pulse rises.  Put to sleep by
  opium, and then fire a pistol close
  to the ear,  when he may  be
  thrown off his guard.  Examine
  the ear to see if any trick has
  been played  there.
If suspected, the plan recommended
  under  apoplexy will  be  found
  most efficacious.
Examine the part and its articula-
  tion, naked, and compare it with
  the opposite.
Can only be positively detected by
  examination par vaginam.   Soon
  after delivery, the vagina will be
  relaxed and the lochial discharge
  be flowing in  greater abundance,
  the shorter the time  that  may
  have elapsed since delivery.
AVhen diarrhoea is feigned  by the
  lower classes, inspect  the linen;
  if clean, the bowels are probably
  not much out of order. Let every
  individual have  a close stool of
  his own;  and inspect the evacua-
  tions, taking care that one suffer-
  ing under the  disease does not
  lend his evacuations to another.

Can be detected by attentive exa-
  mination.  There will be a want
  of  that  leucophlegmatic  habit
  which  accompanies  and charac-
  terizes  dropsy.
Same rules as under diarrhcea.
Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo-
  lished.  If any remain,  disease
  probably feigned. Incontractility
  of pupil, which occurs in epilepsy,
  cannot be  feigned.  Same means
  to be used as in feigned apoplexy.
This deceit is generally.developed
  by a day  or two's examination.
  Where flour or chalk has  been
  used to whiten the tongue, the
  line of demarcation  between the
  whitened  part and the clean,
  healthy margin of the tongue, is
  too well marked to escape obser-
  vation.
By careful examination.
By attentive examination.
-j 
FEIGNED DISEASES
368
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
28. Hamatemesis.
29. Hamoptysis.
30. Hamorrhotds.

31. Heart,Diseases
  of, see Palpita-
  tion.
32. Hepatitis.
33. Hernia.

34. Hydrocele.
35. Hydrocepha-
  lus.
36. Hysteria.
37. Insanity.
3. Jaundice.
39. Lameness.
40. Menstruation.
41. Myopia.
  Short- Sightedneaa.
42. Ophthalmia.
43. Ozana.
By drinking the blood of some ani-
  mal, or using some  coloured li-
  quid, and then throwing it up.
By secreting bullock's blood  for the
  purpose of colouring the  saliva;
  making  small incisions  in the
  mouth; using bole armeniac or
  paint of vermilion.
By introducing bladders of rats or of
  small fish partly into the rectum.
The  linen  has  also been  stained
  with borrowed blood.
In the same manner as hydrocele;
  — by inflation.
By puncturing the skin of the scro-
  tum,  and inflating the  cellular
  membrane.
By opening the integuments of the
  head, near the vertex, e. g. and
  blowing in air.
  By colouring the skin with an infu-
    sion  of turmeric or tincture of
    rhubarb. Clay-coloured atoolapro-
    duced  by taking daily a small
    quantity of muriatic acid.  High-
    coloured urine by rhubarb taken
    internally.

  By keeping the limb in a contracted
    state, and resisting any efforts to
    move it.

  By staining the clothes and body  f
1   with borrowed blood.
  Excited  by a variety of acrid and
    corrosive substances applied to
    the eye; as lime, Ac.
  A portion of black muslin, spread
    over the cornea.   The eyelashes
    are  sometimes  extracted, and
    caustic applied to excite  disease
    in the palpebras.
  By impregnating a piece of sponge
    with some offensive juices or oils,
    mixed with decayed cheese, and
    putting the imbued sponge into
(.   the nostrils.
By cutting off the supply of the fluid
  and careful examination.

Blood from  the lungs is frothy and
  light-coloured. Mouth and fauces
  must be carefully inspected, and
  the individual be observed.
The means are obvious.
Unless the person be a well-educated
  impostor, acute inflammation of
  the liver will be detected by the
  absence of marks of strong in-
  flammatory action.  Chronic liver
  diaeaae is, frequently, not charac-
  terized  by  well-marked symp-
  toms, and hence, when assumed,
  is difficult of detection.

The detection is easy.


        Do.
        Do.

Does not  easily resist the applica-
  tion  of  strong  sternutatories to
  the nostrils.  Attentive examina-
  tion necessary.
The expression of countenance can-
  not easily be feigned.   Nor  can
  the affection be kept up so long
  as in real mental alienation. The
  individual cannot do so long with-
  out food, sleep,  Ac
The  eyes cannot be coloured, al-
  though smoke has  been  used for
  this purpose. The skin  must be
  washed to  remove the  colouring
  matter if any exist, and the sup-
  ply of acid  and rhubarb be pre-
  vented.
By two persons taking hold of the
  individual  and  moving rapidly
  along with him; and when they
  are  tired,  having relays.  The
  impostor will generally give in.

By cutting off the supply.

Present an open  book, and apply
  the leaves  close to the  nose.  If
  it cannot be read distinctly, when
  thus  placed, or  when glasses
  proper for short-sightedness are
  used, the disease is feigned.
When ophthalmia is thus excited,
  its  progress  is  ordinarily  very
  rapid, arriving at its height within
  a few hours. 
FEIGNED DISEASES
369
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases,  Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
44. Palpitation.





45. Pains.





46. Shaking Palsy.


47. Paralysis.
48.  Phthisis  Pul-
  monalis.
19. Polypus Nasi.
50. Porrigo.
  Scalled Head.
White hellebore, given in the dose
  of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated,
  will occasion general indisposi-
  tion, and undue action of the heart
51. Pregnancy.


52. Prolapsus Ani.

53. Prolapsus Ute-
  ri.
54. Pulse,  Weak-
  ness  or  Defect
  of.
55.  Chronic Rheu-
  matism.
    See Pain.

56. Scrofula.
57. Scurvy.
58. Stammering.
 Individuals with  long  necks and
   contracted shoulders have  simu-
   lated  phthisis,  by covering  the
   chest with blisters, cicatrices  of
   issues, Ac, and by taking  drugs
   which cause paleness.
 By introducing the  testicle of a
   young cock,  or the kidney of a
   rabbit, into  the nostril, and  re-
   taining it there by means of a
   sponge fastened to it.
 By applying nitric acid to the head,
   after  protecting  the face with
   fatty substances ; but the chronic
   state is imitated by the use of
   depilatories of different kinds ap-
   plied  sometimes in patches, so
   as to resemble the Porrigo de-
   calvans.
 By wearing pads, and assuming the
   longing after  particular articles
   of diet, Ac.
 By aportion of the intestine of the ox,
  in which a sponge  filled with a
  mixture of blood and milk is placed.
By a similar fraud.

By ligatures applied to the  corre-
  sponding arm.
By exciting ulcers below the angles
  of the jaw.

By covering  the  teeth with  wax,
  and then applying acid, corrosive -
  substances to the gums.
Cut off the supply.


The detection is here often difficult.
  The non-existence of pain cannot
  be proved, and great pain may be
  present without any appearance
  externally.
The imposition is  more frequently
  detected by inconsistencies  and
  contradictions in  the patient's
  history of the case, than in  any
  other manner.
May be suspected, if the person be
  in an  ordinary  state of vigour.
  Try violent remedies and means,
  recommended under Chorea.
Violent remedies are here required.
  Cold  affusion,   actual  cautery,
  electric shocks, Ac.
By  attentive examination  of the
  symptoms.
By the absence of the  areola; the
  presence of a pad ;  and, if neces-
  sary, by examination per vaginam.
By examining whether the arteries
  of the two arms beat alike;  and
  if a ligature be placed on the arm.
By examining  the  general  habit,
  and observing whether the ulce-
  rations be glandular, and the dis-
  charge of a scrofulous character.
By examining  the  general  habit;
  whether  debilitated,  cachectic,
  and possessing the usual general
  signs of scorbutus.
Simulators  of this defect generally
  state, that it is connate, or ascribe
  it to a fit of  apoplexy or severe
  fever.   AVhere  the  organs of
  speech were perfect, and the mo-
  ral evidence of the previous ex-
  istence  of the infirmity was  not
  satisfactory, the French authori-
  ties  used  to confine the soldiers,
  and  not supply  them with food,
  until they called  for it without
  stammering.
24 
FEL                   370                  FEMUR
Diseases,  Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
59.  Stricture  of )
  the  Urethra.    J
I
60. Swelling of the
  Legs.
61. Syncope.
62. Tympany.
63.  Ulcer of the
  Ear.
64.  Ulcers of the
  Legs, Ac.
65. Bloody  Urine.
66. Incontinence of
  Urine.
67. Varicose Veins.
j  By ligatures round the thighs.      j

  Ligatures are sometimes used to
    prevent the pulse being felt.  By
    applying lotions  to  the  face to
    make it pale.
  Persons have possessed the power of
    swallowing air, so as to distend the
    stomach, and simulate tympany.
  By introducing a tent, imbued with
    blistering plaster  into the ear,
    and  repeating the  application,
    until the tube becomes  ulcerated,
    and a discharge of puriform mat-
    ter is established. The fetid smell
    is imitated, by dropping into  the
    ear &  mixture  of empyreumatic
    oil, asafcetida,  and  old  cheese.
    Also, by introducing a little honey
    into the meatus.
  By corrosives, or  irritants.   Some-
    times  by abrasion,  by rubbing
    sand on the shin-bone.  At others,
    they are pretended, by gluing on
    a piece of spleen or the skin of a
    frog.
  The fruit of the Indian Fig (Cactus
    opuntia) colours the urine as  red
    as blood.  Cantharides  will cause
    it.  Blood may also be procured
    and mixed with the urine.
By a ligature, placed tightly round
  the limb.  They may be  excited
  in this manner, or aggravated if
  already existing.
By passing a bougie.

Examine the limbs uncovered.

By  using sternutatories.   By the
  absence of some of the symptoms
  of syncope.  Examine the naked
  arms.  AVash the face.
By careful examination.
Artificial ulcers have, usually,  a
  more  distinct margin, and are
  more readily healed than  others;
  the latter being generally  indi-
  cative  of an impaired constitu-
  tion.
By  making the patient pass his
  urine in the presence of the phy-
  sician,  and examining the vessel
  before and after.  By cutting off
  the supply of any substance, which
  could cause  the appearance.
Difficult, at times, of detection.  Give
  the person a full dose of  opium,
  and introduce the catheter when
  he is asleep.  If there  be urine,
  the incontinence is feigned.


By examining the limb.
  FEL, Bile—f. Anguillas, see Bile—f. Bovinum,
Bile of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturae,
Aloes—f. Tauri, see Bile — f. Terras, Ludus Hel-
montii—f. Ursi, see Bile—f. Vitri, see Vitrum.
  FELDSCHEEREN, Bathers.
  FELINEUS, Bilious.
  FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious.
  FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue.
  FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus —f.  Super-
fusio, Icterus—f. Suffusio, Icterus.
  FELON, Paronychia.
  FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelt, cloth or
stuff made without weaving. Tangling.  A term
applied to the hair when  inextricably interlaced,
as occurs occasionally in women from inattention.
  FELURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid.
  FELWORT, Gentiana lutea.
  FEMALE, Fcem'ina, Gyne, (F.) Femelle, from
tpvu>, ' I generate.' (?)  In animals, the one that
engenders and bears the young. It is, also, used
adjectively;—as, the Female Sex, Ac.
  Female Parts, Vulva.
  FEMELLE, Female.     *
  FEMEN, Thigh, Vulva.
  FEMINES'CENCE, Fceminescen'tia, from foe-
mina, ' a female.'   The possession or assumption
of certain male characteristics  by the female. —
Mehliss.
  FEMME EN COUCHE, Puerpera.
  FEM'ORAL,.Fe»iom7i«,from/emin-, 'the thigh-
bone.'  Belonging or relating to the  thigh; as
Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, Ac See Crural.
  FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris.
  FEMORO-CALCANIEN  PETIT, Plantar
muscle—f. Popliteal, great, Sciatic nerve, great—
f. Popliti-tibial, Poplitasus muscle.
  FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL, Femoro-tibia'lis.  Be-
longing to the femur and tibia.  The Femora-
tibial articulation is the knee-joint.
  FEMUR, Merue, Me'rium, Oa fem'oria.  The
thigh bone. (F.) L'oa de la Cui8ae. The strongest
and longest of all the bones of the body, extend-
ing from the pelvis to the  tibia, and forming the
solid part of the thigh.  The femur is cylindrical,
slightly curved  anteriorly, unsymmetrical and
oblique downwards and inwards.  The body of
the bone is prismatic, and  has, behind, a promi-
nent ridge, the linea aspera.
                         (Head supported on a
                            column or neck.
                         Great trochanter.
                         Lesser trochanter.
              T  j. .     (External condyle.
              Inferior or I Iutelnal condvIe.
                JiOtai  -t. External tuberosity.
              Extremity. [ Internal tuberosity.
   The femur ossifies from five points:—one on
each process of the pelvi s extremity;  one in th9
Processes.
 Upper or
  Pelvic
Extremity. 
f£mur  col du
371
FERRI ACETAS
body of the bone; and two on the condyles.   It
is  articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella.
See Thigh.
  FEMUR COL DU,  Collum femoris—f. Mo-
ventium  Septimus,  Iliacus internus — f. Moven-
tiuin sextus, P>oas magnus—f. Summum, Arulva.
   I'ENES'TRA. Auindow.  (F.) Fenetre.  Ana-
tomists have given  this name to two apertures,
situate in  the  inner  paries of the cavity of the
tympanum.  The one of  these is the Fenest'ra
ova'lis, F. vestibula'ris, Fora'men ova'le.  It is
oval-shaped;  situate  at the base of the stapes,
and corresponds with the  cavity of the vestibule.
The other is the Fenest'ra rotun'da, F.  Cochled-
ris, Fora'men rotun'dum.  It is closed by a fine,
transparent membrane, called Membra'na Tym-
pani arcuu'daria, Tympanum minus seu secundd-
rium, Membra'na fenestra rotun'da,  and corre-
sponds to the inner scala  of the cochlea.
   Pi:\estra Oculi, Pupil.
   FEXES'TRAL,  Fenestra'tus,  from  fenestra,
'a  window.'   (F.) Fenetre et Fenestre.  Ban-
dages, compresses,  or plasters with small perfo-
rations or openings, are so called.  The openings
prevent the detention of the discharge.
   FENESTRATES,  Fenestral.
   FENESTRE, Fenestral.
  FENETRE, Fenestra.
   FENETRE, Fenestral.
   FENNEL, Anethum—f. Dogs', Anthemis co-
tula— f. Flower, Nigella — f. Hog's, Peueedanum
— f. Sweet, Anethum — f. AVater, Phellandrium
aquaticum.
  FENO UIL,  Anethum—/. d'Eau, Phellandrium
aquaticum—f. Marin, Crithmum  maritimum—^/".
de Pore,  Peueedanum—f. Puant, Anethum gra-
veolens.
  FENTE, Fissure—/.  Capillaire, see Pilatio —
/. Glenoidale, Fissure, glenoid—-/. Orbitaire. Or-
bitar  fissure—/. Orbitaire inferieure, Spheno-
maxillary fissure—/. Spheno-maxillaire, Spheno-
maxillary  fissure—/. Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal
fissure.
  FENUGREC, Trigonella fosnum.
  FENUGRECK, Trigonella fcenum.
  FER,  Ferrum—/.  Acetate de, Ferri  acetas—/.
Carbonate  de,  Ferri  protocarbonas—f. Chaud,
Pyrosis—/. Hydrate  de, tritoxide de, ^Etites—/.
lodure de, Ferri iodidum,  see Iodine—/. Lactate
de, Ferri Lactas —/.  Limaille de, Ferri limatura
/. Peroxide de, Ferri  subcarbonas —/. et de Po-
tasse, tartrate de, Ferrum  tartarizatum —/. et de
Potassium,  cyannre  de,  Potassii Ferrocyanure-
tmn—/. et de Potassium, protoeyanure de, Potas-
sii Ferroeyanuretum—/. Reduit par I'hydrogene,
Ferri  pulvis—/. Sulphate de, Ferri  Sulphas —
/. Sulphure de, Ferri  Sulphuretum—/. Tannate
de, Ferri tannas—/.  Valerianate de, Ferri  Vale-
rianas.
  FERALIS PEDICULUS, see Pediculus.
  FERINE, Ferlnus;  'savage, brutal;'  The-
rio'des.  A  term,  applied to  any malignant or
noxious disease.  In France it is used only when
joined  to  Toux; Toux ferine, a dry,  obstinate,
and painful  cough.
  FERMENT, Fermen'tum,  (quasi fervimentum,)
Zyma,  Zymo'ma, Leven,  (F.)  Lerain.   The  Ia-
trochyraists applied this name to imaginary sub-
stances, Fcrmt n'ta  mor'bi, to  which they  attri-
buted the power of producing disease, by exci-
ting a fermentation  in the humours.
  FERMENTA'TION,  Fermentdtio,  Zymo'aia,
yEstud tio, Cauaia, Braamos.  An intestinal move-
ment, occurring spontaneously in a liquid; whence
result certain substances, that  did not previously
exist in it
  The chemical physicians attributed all diseases
to an imaginary fermentation of the humours.
  Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction.
  FERMENTUM CEREV1SPE. Yest—f.Morbi,
Ferment—f. A'entriculi, Gastric juice.
  FERN, BUSH,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — f.
Cinnamon,  Osmunda  cinnamomea — f. Eagle,
Pteris aquilina — f. Female, Asplenium filix foe-
mina, Pteris aquilina—f. Gale, Comptonia aspleni-
folia—f. Male, Polypodium filix mas—f. Meadow,
Comptonia asplenifolia—f. Rock, Adiantum pe-
datum—f. Root, Polypodium vulgare—f. Sweet,
Adiantum pedatum,  Comptonia asplenifolia—f.
Sweet, shrubby, Comptonia asplenifolia.
  FERNAMBUCO AVOOD, Cassalpinia echinata.
  FERRAMEN'TUM,  Side'rion, Inatrumen'tum
fer'reum.    Any surgical  instrument  made of
iron.  By the vulgar, in France, the word ferre-
menta means  the  inatrumenta  used  in  difficult
labours.
  FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica.
  FERRATUS, Chalybeate.
  FERREIN,  Canal  of, Ductua  Ferrelni.   A
triangular channel, which Ferrein supposed to
result from the  approximation of the free edges
of the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye;
arid  which he  considered adapted for  directing
the tears towards the puncta lachrymalia, during
sleep.  The canal is, probably,  imaginary.
  The same name is likewise given to the corti-
cal canals,— the first portions of the uriniferous
ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the
kidney.
  Ferrein, Pyr'amid  of,  Pyr'amia Ferrelni.
Each of the papillas of the kidney, according to
Ferrein,  consists of,  at  least,  700 subordinate
cones .or pyramids.  To these last the names 'py-
ramids of Ferrein,' Pyram'ides rena'lea Ferrelni,
Faacic'uli pyramida lea, have been given.
  FERRI ACE'TAS, Extrac'tum martia ace'ti-
cum, Ace'ticum martia'le, Ac"etate of Iron, Iron
Liquor, (F.) Acetate  defer.  A preparation of
the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, made by digesting 1
part of carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic acid
for  three  days, and filtering.   Dose, as  a tonic
and astringent, T\v to TtExx, in water.
  Ferri .iErugo, F.  Subcarbonas—f. et  Ammo-
nias murias, Ferrum ammoniatum—f. Ammonio-
chloridum, Ferrum ammoniatum.
  Ferri et Alu'mina Sulphas, Sulphate of Iron
and Alumina, is made by treating bicarbonated
aolution of aoft  iron and carbonated solution of
pure  washed alumina, with sulphuric  acid.  It
has been recommended as a valuable astringent.
Dose, from five to ten grains.
  Ferri Ammo'nio-citras, Ammonia fcrro-eitras,
Ferrum  ammonlaco-cilricum, Ammonio-citrate
of iron,  Citrate of ammonia and iron.   Prepared
by adding ammonia to citrate of iron, so as to
neutralize the excess of acid.  Dose, gr. v. to gr.
viij.   A Potassio-Citrate and a Sodio-Citrate
of Iron have also been  introduced; and a Ci-
trate of the Magnetic Oxide of Iron prepared
by combining the magnetic oxide with citric acid.
  Ferri Ammonio-tartras, Ammonio-tartrate of
Iron.  This salt is best made by dissolving to
saturation freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of
iron  in a solution of bitartrate of ammonia, and
evaporating to dryness.  It is very  soluble.  The
dose is five grains or more in pill or solution.
  Ferri Arsen%as, Arseniate of Iron—f. Borus-
sias, Prussian blue—f. Bromidum, see  Bromine
—f. Carbonas, F. subcarbonas—f. Carbonas Sac-
charatum, see F. Protocarbonas—f. Carbonatum,
Graphites—f. Carburetum, Graphites.
  Ferri Citras, Citrate of Iron.  Two citrates
of iron are prepared—the Seequicitrate or Citrate
of the Scsquioxide; and the  Citrate of the Prot- 
FERRI
372
FERRI
oxide.   The former  is officinal in the Ph. U. S.
They resemble, in their  medical properties, the
tartrate and the lactate of the metal.
  Ferri Cyanuretum, Prussian blue—f. Deuto-
carbonas fuscus, F. subcarbonas—f. Deutoxydum
nigrum, iEthiops martial—f. Ferrocyanas,  Prus-
sian blue — f. Ferrocyanuretum, Prussian blue —
f. Hydriodas, F. Iodidum—f. Hydrocyanas, Prus-
sian blue—f. Hypercarburetum, Graphites.
  Ferri Io'didum,  F.  lodure'turn, F.  Hydri'o-
daa, Iodide, Ioduret  or Hydri'odate of Iron, (F.)
lodure de fer,  (lodin. ^ij, Ferri rament. £'], Aq.
destillat. Oiss.)  Mix the iodine with  a pint of
the distilled water, in a porcelain or glass vessel,
and gradually  add the iron filings, stirring con-
stantly.  Heat the mixture gently until the liquid
acquires a light greenish colour; then filter, and,
after the liquid has  passed, pour upon  the filter
half a pint of the  distilled water,  boiling hot.
AVhen this has passed,  evaporate the  filtered li-
quor, at a  temperature not exceeding 212°, in an
iron vessel, to dryness;  keep the dry iodide in a
closely stopped bottle.   (Ph. U. S.)
   Ferri Ioduretum, F. Iodidum.
   Ferri  Lactas, Lactate of Iron, Lactate of
Protox'ide of  Iron,  (F.) Lactate  de Fer.  Pre-
pared by digesting in a  sand-bath, at a low tem-
perature, diluted lactic acid with iron filings.  It
is employed in the same cases as the precipitated
subcarbonate of iron, and especially in  chlorosis.
Twelve grains  of the lactate may be given in the
24 hours, in the form of lozenges.
   Ferri Limatu'ra Purifica'ta, Pu'rified Iron
Filings:—purified by means of the magnet,  for
internal use.   The  filings are, also, called Ferri
Scobe, F.  Ramen'ta  et  Fila,  Martis Limatu'ra,
Spec'ulum In'dicum, Ferri in  pulverem reaolu'-
tio, (F.) Limaille de Fer.  They are considered
to possess  the  general  properties of iron : — the
iron becoming  oxidized.
   Ferri et Magne'sia Citras, Citrate of iron
and magne'sia, is  prepared  by  dissolving  hydra-
ted oxide of iron in  a solution of citric  acid, satu-
rated with carbonate of  magneaia,  and evapora-
ting to dryness.   It is soluble in water, and does
not constipate.  Dose from four grains  to fifteen,
in solution.
   Ferri  Nitras, see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis —
f. Nitratis Liquor,   see Liquor  Ferri nitratis
— f.  Oxidum   Fuscum,  F.  subcarbonas — f.
Oxidum Nigrum,  Oxydum ferri nigrum — f. Oxi-
dum hydratum, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum—
f. Oxidum rubrum,  Colcothar,  Ferri subcarbonas
— f. Oxidum hydratum, Ferrum et Oxydum hy-
dratum—f. Percyanidum, Prussian blue.
   FeRRI  PHOSPHAS, Phosphate of Irem,  (Ferri
Sulphat. 3jv,  Soda  Phosphat. ^vi, Aqua, cong.
Dissolve the sulphate of iron  and phosphate of
soda, severally, in four  pints of the water; then
mix the solutions, and set the mixture by, that
the powder may  subside; lastly, having poured
 off the supernatant liquor, wash  the  phosphate
of iron with water, and  dry it with a gentle heat.
—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly-
 beate.  Rarely used.
   Ferri Pila, F. limatura—f. et Potassas tartras,
 Ferrum tartarizatum—f. Potassio-citras, see Ferri
 ammonio-citras—f.  Potassio-tartras, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
   Ferri  Protocarbo'NAS, Protocarbonate  of
 Iron,  (F.) Carbonate de Fer.   The protocarbo-
 nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of the
 sulphate of iron by  the carbonate of soda, readily
 attracts oxygen and becomes  converted into the
 sesquioxide.   To prevent this, it  may be asso-
 ciated with honey and sugar, and the  mixture be
 reduced by evaporation to a pilular consistence.
 The mass constitutes the Ferruginous Pille, Pi-
htlea ferrvgineiiaea, of Vallet, Vallela Pills.   See
Pilulas Ferri Carbonatis.  The  Edinburgh Phar-
macopoeia contains the Ferri Car'bonas Sacha-
ra'tum, Sac'charine Carbonate of Iron,  prepared
in this manner.  It is  the  Ferrum Carbon'icum
Saccharatum of Klauer.
  The protocarbonate is given  in  the  same  dis-
eases  as the lactate of iron; ten or fifteen grains
in the course of the twenty-four hours.
  Ferri Protosulphas Viridis, F. Sulphas—f.
Prussias, Prussian blue.
  Ferri Pulvis, Fer reduit, F. red nit par I'hy-
drogine,  Ferrum metallicum,  Powdered iron;
prepared by  passing a  stream of hydrogen  gat
over the aeaquioxide of iron, contained in an iroS
or porcelain tube  heated to low redness.  It is
very liable to become oxidated, and must be kept
in a  dry, well-stopped bottle.   It has been pre-
scribed  in anaemic, and especially in  chlorotic
cases. The ordinary dose is two grains three times
a day, in pill made with sugar  and gum.  A  for-
mula  for its preparation is given in the last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1851).
  Ferri et Qui'nia Citras, Citrate of Iron  and
Qui'nia, formed by the union of four parts of
citrate of iron  and  one  part of citrate of quinia,
has been prescribed in cases where a combination
of these tonics  is indicated.
  Ferri Ramf.nta,  F.  limatura — f. Rubigo, F.
Subcarbonas—f. Scobs,  F. limatura—f. Sesquiox-
idum, F. subcarbonas prascipitatus.
  Ferri Sesquinitratis, Liquor, see  Tinctura
Ferri muriatis—f. Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am-
monio-citras.
  Ferri  Subcar'bonas, F. Car'bonaa, Ferrum
pracipita'tnm,  Chal'ybi8  Rubigo prapardta,
Ferri Rubigo.   (The last two terms, as well aa
Ferru'go, are applied to the  subcarbonate or rust,
yEru'go Ferri,  Cacaferri, formed  by the action
of moist air on metallic iron.)  A protoxide of
iron,  oxidized by the decomposition of water;  the
carbonic acid being attracted from the air. Dose,
gr. v  to Sjss and more.
  Ferri  Subcarbonas may be  precipitated from
sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda.   The  fol-
lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States: — Ferri suljjh.  ,^viij;  soda carb.
§ix;  aqua bnllient. cong.  Dissolve the sulphate
of iron  and carbonate  of soda  severally in  four
pints  of  the water, then mix the solutions, and,
having  stirred  the  mixture, set it  by that  the
powder  may  subside:   having poured off  the
liquor, wash the subcarbonate with  hot water,
wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle
heat    It  is,  also,  called Ferri  sesquiox'idum,
Ox'idum ferri fuscum, Ox'idum  ferri rvbrnm,
Deuto-car'bonas Ferri fuscus, Crocus martis ape'-
riena, Sesquioxide or peroxide of iron,  (F.) Per-
oxide defer, Safran de Mars aperitif.
  Ferri Sulphas, Sal Martis,  Vitdolum Martin,
 Vitdolum Ferri,  Ferrum Vitrioltltum, Sulphas
vel Protosulphas Ferri vir'idis, Calcadinnm, Cttl-
cator, Cal'cotar, Chalcan'thum, Calcite'a, Atra-
men'tum  suto'rium,  Vilriol,  Vitriolum  riride,
An'ima Hep'atia, Sulphate of Iron, Green Vitriol,
Copperaa,  (F.) Sulfate  de fer.  The Pharmaco-
poeia of the  United  States directs it to be made
by  the action  of  aulphuric acid ^xviij, on iron
wire, cut in pieces, §xij—water, a gallon—evapo-
rating, crystallizing, and drying the  crystals on
bibulous paper.  This salt is inodorous, and  of a
strong styptic taste.  The crystals are light green,
transparent, rhomboidal; and soluble in two parts
of water.  It  is tonic  and  anthelmintic.  Dose,
gr. j. to  vj and more.
  Ferri Sulphas  Calcinatum, Colcothar.
   Ferri Sulphure'tum, Sulphuret of Iron, Iron
pyri'tea, (F.) Sulfure de fer;  may be made by 
f
FERRICUS HYDRAS            373              FEU ACTUEL
hoating one part of sublimed, sulphur, over three
parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass
begins to glow.  It is employed as a ready means
for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas by the ad-
dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid.
   Fkrri Tan.nas, Ferrum tah'nicum,  Tannate of
Iron, (K.) Tannate defer. This salt is usually ob-
tained by adding a solution of a aalt of aesqui-
o.dde of iron, as  the  persulphate, to  a decoction
of nut-galls.   It is possessed of tonic and astrin-
gent properties, and has been  extolled especially
in chlorosis.
   Fer hi  Tartap.um,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.
Tritoxydura, Colcothar.
   Ferri  Valkria'nas, Ferrum  Valeria'nicum,
 Vale'rianate of Iron, (Fr.) Valerianate de fer.
Formed by the  action of valerianic acid on oxide
of iron.   It is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble
in water, and has been given  in hysteria compli-
cating chlorosis.  Dose, from two to four grains.
   FERRICUS  HYDRAS, Ferrum  oxydum hy-
dratum.
   FERRUGINEUS, Chalybeate.
   FERRUGINOUS, Chalybeate.
   FERRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum oxy-
daturn hydratum.
   FERRUM, Mars, Side'roa,  Metallum hamato-
poielicum, Iron, (F.) Fer.  A metal of a bluish-
gray colour; fibrous texture;  brilliant and fine-
grained fracture.  Specific gravity 7.600 to 7.800 ;
hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic  The me-
dicinal virtues of iron are tonic;  producing fetid
eructations,  when it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its
meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxidizes
it, and causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen gas.
AVhen given in  the metallic state, the filings  are
chiefly used; but the oxides and salts are most
commonly employed.
   Ferrum Ammoniacale,  F.  ammoniatum — f.
Ammoniaco-citricum,  Ferri ainmonio-citras.
   Ferrum Ammonia'tum, Mu'riaa  Ammo'nia et
 Ferri, Ferri ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, Flores martid-
lea,  Florea aalia ammoniaci martia'lea, Ens mar-
 tis,  Ena Ven'eris Boy'lei, Sal martis muriat'icum
eublima'tum, Sal ammoni'aeum martia'le, Ammo'-
nium muriat'icum martitltum seu martia'le, Aroph
 J'aracclai, Calen'dula minera'lea, Ferrum ammo-
niaca'le,  Ammo'niated  Iron,   Ammo'nio-chloride
of Iron, (F.) Muriate tl'ammoniaque et de fer.  A
 mixture of the  hydro-chlorates of ammonia and
 iron. (?)  (Ferri Subcarb. $ iij; acid muriat. f 5jx;
 ammon. muriat.  tbijss ; aq. dcstillttt. Oiv.  Mix  the
 subcarbonate with the aeid in a glass vessel and
 digest for two hours; then add the muriate, previ-
ously dissolved  in distilled water, and having fil-
tered the liquor, evaporate to dryness.   Rub  to
powder.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose, gr. iij. to  gr. xv.
   Ferrum Borussicum, Prussian blue — f. Car-
bonicum  Saecharatum,  Ferri  protocarbonas — f.
Cyanogenatum,  Prussian  blue — f. Ihematiles,
Hematites—f. Magnes attractorium, Magnet—f.
Mciallieum,  Ferri pulvis.
   Ferrum  Oxyda'tum  Hydra'tum, Ferri Oxi-
dum Hydra'tmil (Ph. U. S.),  Ferru'go, Hydraa
Fer'ricu8, Hydro-oxide of Iron, Hydrated Oxide
of Iron. Hydrated peroxide  of Iron, Hydrated
 Tritoxide of Iron.  It may be prepared by taking
a solution of sulphate of iron,  increasing its dose
of oxygen by heating it  with nitric acid, and pre-
cipitating the oxide by adding pure ammonia  in
exeess, washing the precipitate, and  keeping it
moist.
   The following is the  formula adopted by the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States : Ferri Sulph.
5iv; acid, sulphuric, f ^i'iss;  acid, nitric, f £vi,
vel q. s., Liq. iimmor.ice q. s., aqua Oij.  Dissolve
the  sulphate of iron  in the  water, and having
added the sulphuric acid, boil the solution :  then
add the nitric acid in  small portions, boiling the
liquid for a minute or two after each  addition,
until the  acid  ceases to produce a dark colour.
Filter the  liquid, allow it  to cool, and add the
liquor ammonias in excess, stirring the mixture
briskly; wash the precipitate  with water, until the
washings  cease to yield a precipitate with chlo-
ride of barium, and keep it close in  bottles with
water sufficient to cover it.
  It has been brought forward, of late, as an an-
tidote to arsenic: and many  cases of its efficacy
have been published.
  From 10 to  20 parts of the hydrated  oxide
would seem to be more than  sufficient to convert
1 part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron.
  Ferrum Oxydulatum Hydrocyanicum, Prus-
sian blue—f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum—f. Praeei-
pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas.
  Ferrum Tannicum, Ferri tannas.
  Ferrum Tartariza'tum,  Tartras Potas'aa et
Ferri,  Tar'tarum Ferri, Ferri et Potassa Tartroa,
(Ph. U. S.) Tar'tarus chalybedtua, Mara aolu'bi-
lia, Tartraa kalico-fer'ricua, Chalyba tartarizd-
tus,  Tartarus  martia'lis,  Ferri potassio-tartras,
 Tartras Potas'sa ferrngino'sus, Ferrum pyotab'He,
 Globus martia'lis, Glob'uli Tar'tarimartidl.es seu
martia'les solu'ti seu martia'ti seu tartra'tie ferri
et lixiv'ia, Boli Martis, Pyri martia'les, Tartar-
ized Iron, Tartrate of Potassa and Iron, (F.) Tar-
trate de potasse et de fer, Route de Mars, Boule de
A'ancy, B. de Molsheim, B. tl'Acier.   (Ferri sub-
carb. ^iij, Acid,  muriat. f 3jx; Liquor Potaaaa,
Ovss; Potaaa. Bitart. § vijss, Aqua destillat. cong.
iss.  Mix the subcarbonate of iron and the muri-
atic acid,  and digest for two  hours;  pour the so-
lution  into a gallon  of the  distilled water; set
aside  for  an hour, and pour off the supernatant
liquor.  To this add the liquor potassas ; wash the
precipitate  formed frequently with water, and,
while yet moist, mix  it with  the bitartrate of po-
tassa  and half a  gallon  of  the -distilled  water.
Keep the  mixture at the temperature of 140° for
30 hours,  frequently stirring; filter the solution,
and evaporate  by means of  a water bath, at the
same temperature, to dryness. — (Ph. U. S.)   It
is one of the mildest  of the salts of iron, and not
unpalatable.  Dose, gr. x. to £ss.
  The  Tinctu'ra  Martis Aperiti'va, Tincture of
Ludirig; Alcohol cum Sulphdte Ferri tartarisa'-
tus; Tinctura  Martis Glauberi is, essentially, a
solution of this salt.  It is  also called Eau de
Boule,  and is used in contusions.
  Helvctius's Styptic was composed of the filings
of iron and tartar, mixed to  a proper consistence
with French brandy.   It was called in England
Eaton's Styptic ;  but this is  now formed of Sul-
phate of Iron.
  Ferrum A'alerianicum, Ferri valerianas — f.
A'itriolatum, Ferri sulphas—f. A'itriolatum ustum,
Colcothar—f. Zooticum, Prussian blue.
  FERTILITY, Fecundity.
  FER'ULA, Fanon, Palette, Splint—f.  Afrieana,
Bubon galbanum—f.  Asafcetida, see Asafcetida—
f. Graveolens,  Anethum graveolens — f. Opopo-
nax, Pastinaca opoponax — f. Persica, see Saga-
penum.
  FERUS, Homicidal.
  .FESSES, Nates.
  FESSIER, Gluteal—/. Grand, Glutreus  maxi-
mus—/. Moyen, Glutasus medius—f. Petit, Glu-
tasus minimus.
  FETID, Fce'tidue, Dyao'dea, Caco'dea, Bromo'-
atta, Graveolena. Having a bad smell.
  FETUS, Fcetus.
  FEU ACTUEL, Cauterium—/. Peraique, Her-
pes zoster, see  Anthrax—/. Potential, see  Caute. 
I
FEUX DE DENTS            374                  FEVER
rium—/. Sacre,  Erysipelas—/.  St. Antoine. Ery-
sipelas—/. Sauvage, Ignis sylvaticus—/. Volage,
Ignis sylvaticus.
  FEUX DE DENTS, Strophulus—/. Volagea,
Porrigo larvalis.
  FEVE, Vicia faba—/. de Carthagene, Habilla
de Carthagena—/. d  Cochon,  Hyoscyamus—/.
Epaiase, Sedum telephium—/. dea Maraia, \ricia
faba—f. de Sainte Ignace, Ignatia amara—-f. Pur-
gatifi Ricinus communis.
  FEVER,  Febria, from  feritas,  'wildness,' or
from fervor, ' heat,' or from februo, ' I purify :'
Pyr, Pyr'etos,  nvperos,  (F.) Fievre.  One of the
most frequent and dangerous affections to which
the body is liable.  A person  has an attack of
fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed by
increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and
lassitude.  Rigors, increased heat,  and frequency
of pulse have each been assumed as the essential
character of fever.  It is not characterized, how-
ever, by any one, but depends upon the coexist-
ence of many symptoms.  Fevers have been usu-
ally divided into idiopathic or essential, and into
symptomatic.  The idiopathic arise without any
obvious local cause.  The symptomatic  are  de-
pendent upon local irritation.   Idiopathic fevers
may be divided  into three classes: 1. Those at-
tended with distinct paroxysms:—intermittents.
2. Remittent and continued fevers: and, 3. Fevers
complicated with eruptions or the exanthema-
tous.   These divisions admit  of  great variety,
owing  to climate, season, soil, age, Ac.  All ages
and climates are liable to fever; and its exciting
causes are very numerous.   These  causes may be
common;  as irritations in the intestines; external
injuries, stimulants, Ac; or they maybe specific;
as miasmata, contagion, Ac.   The greatest diver-
sity has prevailed regarding the theory of fever.
Its primary seat has  been  placed in the brain,
mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines,
skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava, pan-
creas,  Ac.  It would  seem, however,  that  al-
though, in fever, the whole  of the functions  are
morbidly impressed, the arguments in favour of
the impression  being first made on the nervous
system  and  the system  of nutrition  are  the
strongest.  The exciting cause of fever, whatever
it may be,  produces  an irregular action  in  the
system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the
rest of the system, owing  to the extensive sym-
pathy  which exists between every part of  the
body;  and it is probable, that all those  local in-
flammations and congestions are the consequence,
rather than the cause, of this  disordered condi-
tion  of the system.   The general character of
fever is  clearly shown by  examination  of  the
blood.   AVhen fever is devoid of inflammatory
complication, the quantity of fibrin is in no case
augmented.  It frequently remains in the healthy
proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent
not met with in any other acute disease.  The
alteration of the blood in fevers, which consists
generally in a diminution of the fibrinous element,
is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation.
   Many phenomena of fever are  influenced by
that periodicity, which we notice in the execution
of several of the functions of the body.  The
types  of  intermittents are  strong evidences of
such an influence.
   In the treatment of fever, it is important, 1. To
bear in mind its tendency, particularly in the case
of the exanthemata, to run  a definite course, and
terminate in restoration to health.   2. The dispo-
sition  to  local  determination or hyperasmias: —
the most frequent cause of the  fatal termination
of fever; a circumstance requiring the vigilant
attention of the physician.  3. That the symp-
toms must be attentively studied, in order to de-
duce, as far as possible from them, the indications
of cure.   Lastly, attention  must be paid to the
prevalent epidemic.  There are particular seasons
in which fevers are very malignant; and others
in which they are as mild;  circumstances which
necessarily have an effect upon the treatment
  Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever—f. Ac-
climating, F. strangers'.
  Fever,  Adk'no-Meninge'al, Febris ade'no-
meningea, Febris mesentcr'ica (Baglivi,) Morbus
mnco'aua, Febria muco'sa; Mucous fever, Gastro-
duodenop'yra, Pitu'itous Fever, Catar'rhal Ferer,
Phlegmap'yra, Phlegmop'yra,  Phlegmatop'yra,
Gastro-Bronchitis.   Fever, accompanied  with
considerable  mucous  secretion; especially from
the digestive tube.
  Fever, ADYNAM'lC, Febris adynam'ica, Asthe-
nicop'yra, Asthenicopy'retus, Asthenop'yra, Asthe-
nopyr'etus.  Fever attended with great prostra-
tion of the vital powers—as Typhoid and Typhua
fever.
  Fever, African, Febris Africa'na.   The ma-
lignant bilious remittent fever, which prevails on
the Western Coast of Africa.
  Fever, Algid, see Algidus.
  Fever,  Anom'alous, Febris  anom'ala, F. er-
rat'ica, F.  irregula'ria, F. vaga.  A fever, whose
progress  and type are irregular.
  Fever, Aphon'ic, Febria apho'nica.  A variety
of intermittent, in which the voice is lost during
the paroxysm.
  Fever, Apopi.ec'tic, Febris apoplec'tica, Conl-
atoae Fever, Febria comalo'dea, F. Lethar'gictt, F.
aoporo'aa.  An intermittent or continued fever,
attended with apoplectic symptoms.
  Fever, Articular Eruptive, Dengue—f. Ar-
ticular rheumatic, Dengue.
  Fever, Artificial, Febria artificia'lia, Febria
arte promo'ta.   Fever produced designedly by
the internal or external use  of stimulants.
  Fever, Astiien'ic,  Febria  aathen'ica.  Fever
accompanied with debility.   It may include every
variety of fever under  certain circumstances, but
is generally appropriated to typhus.
  Fever,  Asthmat'ic, Febria aathmat'iea.  A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied with symp-
toms of asthma.
  Fever, Ataxo-Adynam'ic ; Febria utax'o-ady-
nam'ica.   Fever characterized by symptoms of
ataxia and adynamia.    /
  Fever, Barcelona, Fever, yellow — f. Bas-
tard, Illegitimate fever.
  Fever, Bil'ious, Febris bilio'aa, F. polychol'-
ica, Syn'ochua bilio'aa, F. aao'dea, F. choler'icn,
F. gaa'trica, F. hepat'ica,  Oholep'yra, Cholepyr'-
etus, Hepatogaatrocholo'aia, Febria cholepyrelicu,
Enlerop'yra bilio'aa, Choloze'mia febri'lia.  The
common  remittent fever of summer and autumn ;
generally supposed to  be  owing to, or connected
with, derangement of the biliary system.
  Fever,  Bilious  Remitting, Yellow,  Fever,
yellow — f. Bladdery, Pemphigus.
  Fever, Boa Atista.   A malignant bilious re-
mittent fever,  greatly resembling yellow fever,
which was very fatal  at  Fernando  Po, aud in
ships in its waters, in the  year 1845.
  Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant paludal fever,
which prevailed amongst the troops of the garri-
son at Bona in Algeria, from 1832 to 1835.
  Fever, Bone, see Inflammation — f.  Bouquet,
Dengue — f.  Brain,  F. cerebral,  Phrenitis — f.
Brain, water, Hydrocephalus internus-—f. Bucket,
Dengue—f. Bulam, Fever, yellow—f. Camp, Ty-
phus gravior.
  FEVER,  CARDIAL'GIC, Febria card'mlgiro. A
variety  of pernicious intermittent,  accompanied
with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm. 
                   FEVER

   Fever, Cardit'ic.  Intermittent fever, accom-
 panied with pain at the heart.
   Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal.
   Fever,  (ephalal'oic,  Febris cephalalgia.
 A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in-
 tense pain of the head.  Also, intermittent ce-
 phalalgia.
   Fever,  Cephal'ic, Febris cephal'ica.  A fe-
 brile affection of children—intermediate between
 the acute form of active  cerebral congestion and
 the  chronic  form — which is attended by fever,
 pain  in  the  head,  disorder, or more  generally
 constipation  of the bowels,  and a train of pheno-
 mena often supposed to be premonitory of an at-
 tack  of hydrocephalus.—Mauthner.
   Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever.   Fever, ge-
 nerally of an ataxic character, in which the brain
 is considerably affected.
   Fever, Childbed, Fever, puerperal, Puerperal
 Fever —f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis.
   Fever,  Chol'eric,  Febris  choler'ica.   A va-
 riety of pernicious  intermittent, accompanied
 with symptoms of cholera morbus.
   Fever,  Choleric, of Infants,  Cholera in-
 fantum.
   Fkver, Chronic, Febris chron'ica.   Some au-
 thors apply this name to protracted fevers;  others
 to hectic fever.
   Fever, Colliq'uative, Febria tdb'ida, Febria
 colliquatIva.   Fever, characterized   by   rapid
 emaciation, copious evacuations, and rapid pros-
 tration of strength.
   Fever, Comatose,  F. apoplectic.
   Fever, Conges'tive, Febris congestlva. Fe-
 ver accompanied by obscure  symptoms;  or by
 great oppression and depression; in which it is
 difficult — and often impossible—to induce reac-
 tion.  Congestive fevers  occur in various  parts
 of this country, especially in the  fall; and they
 are very common in India.   The term  congestive
 fev«r is  often used in some  parts of the south of
 the United States very indefinitely — to include
 winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid  pneu-
 monia, as well as intermittents and autumnal re-
 mittents.—Dickson.
   Fever, Continent,  see  Continent  and  Con-
 tinued lever—f. Continual, see Continued  fever
 — f. Continued, common, Synochus.
   Fever, Convul'sive,  Febris convulsiva.  A
 pernicious intermittent or remittent, accompanied
 by convulsions.
   Fever, Delir'ious, Febria cum delir'io, (F.)
 Fivere delirante.  A pernicious intermittent, cha-
 racterized by delirium in the paroxysms.
   Fever,  Dep'uratory, Febria  depurato'ria.
 A fever,  to which was attributed the property of
 purifying the blood;  or which indicated, that
 such a supposed depuration had occurred.
   Fever, Diaphoret'ic, Febria diaphoret'ica,
 Febria  eudato'ria.  A pernicious  intermittent,
 with excessive sweating during the fit.
   Fever, Diary, Ephemera.
   Fever, Diges'ttvte.  The chilliness, followed
 by increased  heat and quickness of pulse,  which
 frequently accompanies digestion.
   Fever, Double, (F.) Fievre double ou doubUe.
 An intermittent, which has  two paroxysms in a
given time, instead of one.
   Fever, Double-Quartan.  A fever, whose
paroxysms  occur two days in succession, and fail
the third day ; the first paroxysm resembling the
4th; and the second the  5th.
   Fever, Double-Quotidian.  An intermittent,
whose paroxysms return  twice every day at cor-
responding hours.
   Fever, Double-Tertian.  An intermittent,
whose paroxysms  return every day; the first
5                 FEVER

 corresponding with the  3d, the second with the
 4th, and so on.-
   Fever, Duodec"imane, Febris duodecima'na.
 A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms
 recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days.
   Fever, Dynamic,  Synocha—f. Endemial, Re-
 mittent F. — f. Endemic, Remittent F. — f.  En-
 dcmical, Remittent F.—f. Enteric, see Typhus—
 f. Ephemeral,  Ephemera.
   Fever, Epilep'tic, Febris epilep'tica.  A va-
 riety of pernicious  intermittent, accompanied
 with attacks of epilepsy.
   Fever, Erot'ic, Febris  erolica, (F.) Fievre
 d'amour.  A chronic fever,  occasioned by unpro-
 pitious love.
   Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic — f. Eruptive,
 Exanthematica — f. Eruptive, articular, Dengue
 —f. Exacerbating, Remittent Fever.
   Fever, Fainting, of  Persia. A singular and
 fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy
 with cholera,  which  prevailed at Teheran in the
 autumn of 1842.
   Fever,  Gan'grenous,  Febris gangrano'des.
 Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts,
 and especially of the limbs and genitals.  Senac
 describes an intermittent of this kind.
   Fever, Gastral'gic.  An intermittent  accom-
 panied with acute burning lacerating pain at the
 stomach.
   Fever, Gastric, Febria gaa'trica, F. gaa'trica
 bilio'sa,  Gastrocholo'sis,  Hepatogastrocholo'sis,
 Stomach'ic fever, Syn'ochus Bilio'sa.   A name,
 given by some to biliou8 fever, which has  ap-
 peared to them to be dependent on an affection of
 the stomach. Also, called Mcnin'go-gaatric fever,
 Febria meningo-gaa'triea, Meningo-gastri'tis, Har-
 vest fever, (F.) Fievre de la  Moisson, F. Meningo-
 gastrique.
   Fever,  Gastro-Adynam'ic,  Febris   gastro-
 adynam'ica.   A  fever, in which the  symptoms
 of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic
 fever.
   Fever,  Gastro-Angioten'ic.  A fever,  in
 which the symptoms of bilious are united with
 those of inflammatory fever.
   Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic.  A fever, in which
 the  symptoms of bilious fever are united  with
 those of ataxic fever.
   Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow—f. Harvest,
 F. Gastric — f. Hiemagastric, F. yellow.
   Fever, IIamop'toic,  Febris Hamopto'ica.  A
 variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi-
 cal hasmoptysis is the chief symptom.
   Fever, Hay, Catarr'hus  astlvus, Summer Ca-
 tarrh, Hay Asthma, Rose Catarrh, Summer Bron-
 chitis.  A catarrh to which certain persons are
 subject in summer, and  which has  been ascribed
 in England to the effluvium of hay, but  this is
 not  the  probable cause.   It is a catarrh  with
 sneezing, headaeh, weeping, snuffling and cough,
 with, at times, fever and general discomfort.  It
 is not uncommon in this country.  It disappears
 spontaneously, — to  recur  on subsequent years
 about the same period.
   Fever, Hebdom'adal. A supposititious fever,
 whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same
 day.
   Fever, Hectic, see Consumption, and  Hectic
 Fever.
   Fever, Hepat'ic  or  Hepatal'gic.  A perni-
 cious intermittent, with  violent pain in the right
 hypochondrium.
   Fever, Hill.   A modification  of  remittent,
 occurring in the hilly districts of India.
   Fever, Hospital, Typhus gravior.
   Fever, IIu'moral, Febris hnmordlia.  Fever,
 in which an alteration or deterioration of the hu-
 mours is suspected.
35 
FEATER
376
FEVER
  Fever, Hun'gary,  Febria Hungar'ica seu
Pannon'iea  seu  Morbus  Ungar'icus, Cephalon'-
08U8,  Vermis cer'ebri, (F.) Fievre Hongroise ou
de  Hongrie.  An  epidemic typhus,  common
amongst the soldiers in barracks, in  Hungary.
  Fever, Hydrophob'ic, Febris hydrophob'ica.
Pernicious intermittent with dread of liquids.
  Fever, Hyster'ic, Febris hysterica.  Hyste-
ria, accompanied by fever.   Hysteria, occurring
with each paroxysm of intermittent.
  Fever, Icter'ic, Febris icter'ica.  Fever, ac-
companied by jaundice.   Some intermittents ex-
hibit this complication at each paroxysm.
  Fever, In'fantile Remit'tent, Febris infan'-
tum remit'tens, F. vermino'sa, (of many), Spurious
worm fever, Remittent fever of children, F. muco'-
sa vermino'sa, Hec'tica  infan'tilis, Febris lenta.
A fever occurring in childhood, which often as-
sumes many of the characters of hydrocephalus.
It  appears  generally to be  dependent upon  a
morbid  condition of the  stomach  and bowels.
  Fever, Inflammatory, Synocha.
  Fever, Insid'ious.   Fever,  which,  at  first,
seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes
of a more or less malignant character.
  Fever, Intermittent,' see Intermittent  fever
—f. Jail, Typhus gravior—f. Jungle, see Jungle
fever — f. Lenticular, Miliary fever—f. Irritative,
Irritation, morbid.
  Fever, Lo'chial, Febris lochia'lia.  That ac-
celeration of the circulation  which sometimes
occurs during the discharge of the lochia.
  Fever, Lung, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
  Fever, Malig'nant,  Febria malig'na.  Fever
which makes its  approaches insidiously, and sub-
sequently becomes formidable. Any fever which
exhibits a very dangerous aspect   Typhua gra-
vior.
  Fever,  Malig'nant  Pestilential,  Fever,
yellow — f.  Marsh,  Elodes (febris.)
  Fever, Masked, Febria larva'ta, (F.) Fievre
larvee,  Dead Ague, Dumb Ague.  Anomalous in-
termittent, the paroxysms of which have not the
regular stages.
  Fever, Meningo-gastric, Fever gastric.
  Fever, Mesenter'ic, Febria meaenter'ica.   A
name  given, by Baglivi, to a species  of  fever
which appears  to have  belonged  either to the
mucous or bilious.
  Fever, Milk, Febris lac'tea,  (F.) Fievre de
lait ou laiteuse,  F. lactee ;  Galactop'yra, Galac-
topyr'etus.  The fever, which precedes or accom-
panies  the secretion of  milk in women  recently
delivered. It comes on  generally about the third
day after delivery, and is characterized by quick
pulse; increased heat; redness of face; diminu-
tion or temporary suspension of the lochial dis-
charge; tumefaction and tension of the breasts.
It commonly terminates in  twenty-four  hours,
and often with profuse perspiration.  It requires
the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet.
  Fever, Mixed, Synochus—f. Mucous, F. ade-
no-meningeal.
  Fever Nephrit'ic, Febris nephrit'ica.  Inter-
mittent fever, accompanied with nephritic pain
during  the paroxysm.
  Fever, Nervous, Febris nervo'sa seu neuro'-
des, Febris lenta nervo'sa, Neurop'yra, Neuropyr'-
etus.  A variety of Typhus; the Typhua  mitior
of CuUen.  By many, however, it is esteemed a
distinct disease.   See Typhoid fever.
  Fever,   Nervous,   with  Exanthematous
Eruption, Typhus.
  Fever, Niger.  A  malignant  fever, of the
bilious  remittent  kind, which proved  fatal  to
many in the expeditions sent out by the British
government to  explore the Niger, in the  years
1841-2, and previously
  Fever, Non'ane, Febris nona'na.  A supposi-
titious fever, whoso paroxysms recur every ninth
day, or every eight days.
  Fever, Oc'tane, Febria octa'na.  An intermit-
tent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth day.
  Fever, Paludal, Intermittent—f. Paroxys-
mal, Remittent fever — f. Periodic, Intermittent
  Fever, Periodical, Febria periodica.  An
intermittent or remittent fever.
  Fever Pernic"ious,  Febri8 pemicio'aa.   In-
termittent fever, when attended with great dan-
ger,  and which  destroys the majority of thoso
affected by it in the first four or five paroxysms;
sometimes in the very first.
  Fever, Pestilen'tial, Febria  peatilentidlia.
The Plague.  Also a severe case of typhus.  The
yellow fever and sweating sickness  have, like-
wise, been thus designated.
  Fever, Pestilential, of  Cattle, Murr — f.
Pituitous, F. adeno-meningeal.
  Fever, Pleurit'ic.  An intermittent or re-
mittent,  accompanied with inflammation of the
pleura.
  Fever, Pneumon'ic, Febria pneumon'ica.  An
intermittent, accompanied with inflammation of
the lungs.   Also, pneumonia.
  Fever Poison, see Poison.
  Fever, Pseudo. Irritation,  morbid.
  Fever, Puer'per*al, Febriapuerpera'lis, Child-
bed  fever,  (F.)  Fievre puerperale.   This  name
has  been given to several acute diseases,  su-
pervening on delivery.  It means, generally, a
malignant variety of peritonitis, which  runs its
course very rapidly, and passes into a typhoid
condition, unless met, at the very onset, by the
most active depleting measures.   By the gene-
rality of practitioners, it is esteemed to  be emi-
nently contagious; some, however, deny that it
is so.  See Peritonitis, and Puerperal fever.
  Fever, Puerperal Adynamic or Malignant,
see Peritonitis.
  Fever, Puking, Milk sickness.
  Fever, Pu'rulent, Febria purulen'ta. Fever,
which accompanies suppuration.
  Fever, Putrid, Typhus gravior.
  Fever, Quintan, Febria quintdna.   A fever,
whose paroxysms return every fifth' day.  It is
seen rarely, or never.
  Fever,  Quotidian,  see  Quotidian — f. Red
Tongue, see Typhus.
  Fever, Reg'ular, Febria reguhlria seu ex-
quiai'ta.  An intermittent yvhose paroxysms fol-
low a determinate type.  It is opposed to atypic.
Sometimes opposed to anomalous.
  Fever, Remittent, see  Remittent Fever — f.
Remittent,  infantile,  see Fever, infantile remit-
tent— f. Remittent of  children, F. infantile re-
mittent— f. Rheumatic, Rheumatism, acute — f.
Root, Triosteum perfoliatum.
  Fever, Scorbu'tic,  Febris  scorbutica.  The
febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies
scorbutus or scurvy.
  Fever, Seasoning, F., strangers'.
  Fever, Sec'ondary.  A febrile condition, which
recurs in certain affections after having ceased;
such as the secondary fever, which comes on at
the  time of  the  maturation  of  the  variolous
pustules, or as  the eruption of scarlatina, Ac,
disappears.
  Fever,  Septan, Febris aeptdna.  An inter-
mittent, whose paroxysms  recur every six days,
and consequently  on the seventh.
  Fever,  Sextan,  Febria sexta'na.  A  fever,
which recurs every five days, and consequently
on  the sixth.
  Fever, Ship, see Typhus.
  Fever, Simple, Febria Simplex.  Simple fever
is that which has no predominant  character— 
FEVER                 377                  FIBRE
 bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and which is
 unaccompanied by any local determination, hy-
 peremia, or complication.  It may be continued,
 remittent, or  intermittent.
   Fever, Simple Continued.  This is the most
 favourable form of continued fever,  and has a
 tendency  to wear  itself out, provided only the
 la-dent ia  be avoided.  The prognosis is conse-
 quently favourable,  and the treatment simple;
 consisting in perfect repose of body and mind,
 abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst  by cold
 drinks.
   Fever, Singul'tous, Febris singulto'sa seu
 lygmo'des seu  lyngo'des.   Fever,  accompanied
 with singultus or hiccough.
   Fever, Spotted, Typhus gravior.
   Fever, Ster'coral, Febria atercoro'lis. Fever,
 produced by an accumulation of fasces in the in-
 testines.
   Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever.
   Fever, Strangers', Acclimating or Seasoning
 fever.  Yellow, or remittent fever, which is en-
 demic in  certain places, and to which strangers
 are especially liable.
   Fever, Subcontinual, Remittent Fever.
   Fever, Subintrant, Febris aubin'trana.  An
 intermittent, in which  one  paroxysm is scarcely
 finished before  the other begins.
   Fever, Sweating, Sudor Anglicus.
   Fever, Svn'copal, Febria ayncopa'lia, F. mi-
 nu'to, (F.) Fievre  syncopate.  A variety of per-
 nicious intermittent, in  which there  is, in every
 paroxysm, one  or more faintings.
   Fever, Synochoid, Synochus.
   Fever, Syphilit'ic, Febria syphilitica. Fever,
 accompanying  syphilis, or supposed to be owing
 to a syphilitic taint
   Fever, Ter'tian, Febris tertidna.  A fever,
 whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and
 consequently every two  days.
   Ff.ver, Trag"ic,  Febris  Trag"ica.   A low
 fever, in which the  patient declaims like an actor
 during the delirium.
   Fever, Traumat'ic, Febris traumatica.  The
 fever, which  supervenes on  wounds or great sur-
 gical operations.
   Fever, Typhoid, see Tj'phus — f. Typhoid, of
 India, Cholera—f. Typhous, Typhus.
   Fever,  Ver'minous,  Febris vermino'sa,  Hel-
 minthop'yra, Worm fever.  Fever, produced by
 the presence of worms  in the digestive tube, or
 accompanied by their expulsion.
   Fever,  Aarnal, Febris  verna'lis.  An inter-
 mittent or other fever occurring in  the  spring.
 Arernal intermittents were  formerly considered
 salubrious.
            "An ague in the spring
              Is physic for a king."
   Fever, A'esicular, Pemphigus.
   Fever, AVal'cheren,  Gall-sickness. The re-
 mittents and intermittents  to which  the  British
 troops were exposed, who were attached to the
 expedition to AValcheren, in  1809.
   Fever, AVater Brain, Hydrocephalus inter-
 nus— f.  AVinter, see  Tongue, black—f.  Worm,
 Arerminous F.—f. AVorm, spurious, Fever, infau-
 tile remittent.
   Fever,  Yellow, Febris  fiava, F.  seu Pestis
 America'na,  Cholo'aia Amcricdna,  Ochrotyphua,
 Loimocholo'aia,  F. flora  Americano'mm, Peeti-
 len'tia hamagaa'trica, Peatia occidentdlia seu in-
 tertrop'ira,  Vom'itus  niger,  Epan'etua malignua
 flams, Remitleii8 ictero'dea, Tritaoph'ya  Ameri-
 ca'na, Typhus ictero'des, F.trop'icits, F.contin'ua
pu'trida  ictero'dea  Caroliniensis,  F. Elo'des icte-
ro'des, Febris malig'na bilio'aa Amcr'ica, Ochrop'-
yra, Syn'ochua ictero'dea. Fi?rre matelote, Febria
malig'na fiava  In'dia  Occidentdlia,  Ende'mial
Causus  of the West Indies,  Causus trop'ieus en-
dem'icns, Bilious remitting yellow fever, Malignant
pestilential fever, Fievre jaune d'Amerique, Fievre
gaatro-adynamique, Typhua miaamatiqite ataxique
putride jaune,  T.  jaune, Vomito  prieto, Vomito
negro, Mal de Siam, Fievre de la  Barbade,  F. de
Siam, F. Icterique, F. Gaatro-hepatique, Hama-
gaa'tric Fever or Pea'tilence, Black, vomit, Febris
tox'ica, Febris trop'ica,  Typhua d'Amerique, Bu-
lam Fever, Gibraltar Fever, Barcelona Fever.  A
very  acute  and dangerous febrile affection; so
called, because complicated, in its second stage,
with  jaundice,  and accompanied by vomiting of
black matter.  Sauvages, Cullen, and others re-
gard  it as a variety of  typhus; and Pinel,  as  a
species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid fever.
It occurs, endemically, only within  the tropics;
but it has  been met with  epidemically in  tho
temperate regions.  Broussais regards the disease
as gastro-enteritis, exasperated by atmospheric
heat; so that  it  runs  through  its  stages  with
much greater rapidity than  the  gastro-enteritis
of our climates.   The yellow colour of the skin,
according to him, is owing to  the inflammation
of the small intestine,—and especially of the duo-
denum,— augmenting the  secretion of the liver,
and  at the  same  time  preventing its discharge
into the duodenum.  The pathology of this  affec-
tion,  as well as its origin, is still unsettled.   The
treatment must generally be of the most active
nature at the onset; consisting in bleeding largely,
and exhibiting  mercury, so  as to excite a new
action,  if possible; — the other symptoms being
combated according to general  principles.   It
must  vary, however, according to the epidemic.
  FEA^ERBUSH, Laurus benzoin, Prinos.
  FEVER DROPS, AVarburg's, see Bebeeru.
  FEVERET, Febricula.
  FEVERFEAV, Matricaria.
  FEVERISH, Fe'veroua, Feb'riens, Febrico'aua,
(F.) Fiivreu.r, from febria,  'fever.'  That which
causes fever or  is febrifdeient or febrif'ic;  as
feveriah food, feveriah  diathe8i'a, Ac.  Also, the
state  of one  labouring under fever, Feversick.
  FE'VERISHNESS, Febricitdtio, Febriculoa'-
ity.   The state  of having fever.   A slight febrile
disorder.
  FEVEROUS, Feverish.
  FEArERROOT,  Pterospora andromedea.
  FEVERSICK, see Feverish.
  FE ArERTREE,  Pinckneya pubens.
  FEVERAVOOD, Laurus benzoin.
  FEArERAVORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Tri-
osteum.
  FIBER, Castor fiber.
  FIBRA, Fibre —f. Aurea, Coptis—f.  Nervea,
Nerve-fibre—f.  Sanguinis, Fibrin.
  FIBRiE ARCIFORMES, see Arciform.
  FIBRE, Fibra,  Is, Ctedon, Filum.  An organic
filament, of  a solid consistence, and more or less
extensible, which enters into the composition of
every animal and vegetable texture.   The aimple
or elementary fibre of the ancients, from a parti-
cular assemblage and arrangement of which every
texture  of the body was conceived to be consti-
tuted, seems  entirely ideal.  The moderns usually
admit, with  Ilaller and Blumenbach, three ele-
mentary fibrea or tiaaues.  1. The cellular or lami-
nated, formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitish
colour and extensible, which seems to consist of
concrete gelatin. 2. The nervous, pulpy,  or med'-
ullary, formed of a soft substance, contained in
a cellular sheath,  and  consisting  of albumen
united to a fatty matter.  3. The muacular,  com-
posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish
colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussier has added
to these the albugineoua fibre,  but it seems to 
FIBRIL
378
FIDERIS
differ from the cellular fibre only in greater con-
densation of the  molecules.  See Fibrous.
  A v ery small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril,
Fibril'la.
  Fibre, Albugineous, see Albuginea.
  FIBRES, CONVERGING.  Nervous fibres,
whose  office it is to associate  different portions
of the nervous  centres with each other.  They
form the Commissures.
  Fibres, Diverg"ing. The fibres composing the
columns of the medulla oblongata, which separate
in their progress to the periphery of the cerebrum
and cerebellum.—Gall and Spurzheim.
  Fibres, Remak.   Fibres  described by Remak
as peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which
A'alentin considers to be neurilemma, and to con-
sist of fibro-cellular bundles.
  FIBRIL, see  Fibre.
  FIBRILLA, Fibril — f.  Muscularis, Muscular
fibre.
  FI'BRIN or  Fib'rin,  Fibrine, Fibrlna, Fi-
brine, Fibra  sailguinia, Mate'ria fibro'aa, Lym-
pha plas'tica.  An  immediate  animal principle
— solid,  white,  and  inodorous; insipid;  heavier
than  water;   without  action  on the vegetable
blues: elastic,  when moist;   hard  and brittle
when dry.  It enters into the composition of the
chyle and the  blood, and forms the chief part of
the muscles of red-blooded  animals.   In certain
diseased  actions, Fibrin  or Coagulable lymph,
gluten, is separated from the blood, and is found
in considerable quantity on the surfaces of mem-
branes,  and in  the  cavities of the  body.  See
Liquor Sanguinis.
  Fibrin is likewise a proximate principle of
vegetables, and differs but little in chemical com-
position  from  animal fibrin; nor does  it  differ
much from albumen  and casein.  It is, however,
more organizable than either.  Albumen  appears
to be converted into  fibrin, when it becomes emi-
nently adapted for the formation of living tissue.
  Fibrin is very nutritious.
  FIBRINA'TION,  Fibrindtio.  The  act  of
adding fibrin to  the blood.   The opposite to defi-
brination.
  FIB'RINOUS, Fibrino'sus. Thatwhich is com-
posed of fibrin, or has the appearance of fibrin.
  FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE, Fibro-cartildgo.  An
organic  tissue, partaking of the nature of the
fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage.  It  is
dense, resisting,  elastic, firm, supple, and flexible.
Fibro-cartilages  are distinguished into,—1. Mem-
braniform, or those which serve as moulds to cer-
tain parts, as the alas nasi and eyelids.   2. Vagi-
niform,  or those which form  sheaths  for the
sliding of tendons. 3. Interarticular, those which
are met with  in  the moveable  articulations.   4.
Uniting, (F.) Fibro-cartilagea d'union, which form
a junction  between two bones,  as the symphysis
pubis.  Fibro-cartilages are sometimes  formed
adventitiously, as the result of  a morbid process
in different organs.
  Fibro-Cartilages, Tarsal, see Tarsus.
  FIBROMA, Tumour, fibrous.
  FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'sus.   Possess-
ing the nature of fibrous and  of mucous mem-
branes.   A term applied to fibrous membranes,
which  are intimately  united with  other mem-
branes of a mucous nature, as the pituitary mem-
brane, the membrane of the urethra, Ac.
  FIBRO-SEROUS, Fibro-sero'sus.   Possessing
the nature of fibrous and serous membranes.
Membranes, composed of a  fibrous, and a serous
sheet, intimately united: — as  the Dura Mater,
Pericardium,  Tunica albuginea teatia, Ac.
  FI'BROUS, Fibro'aus.  Composed of fibres.
Certain  membranes, as the dura mater, perios-
teum, ligamentous capsules of tho joints, Ac, are
fibrous.  The fibrous system  of Bichat includes
the system of organs formed by the ulbugineoua
fibre  of Chaussier.  It comprise, particularly,
the periosteum and perichondrium ; the articular
capsules and ligaments; the tendons; the dura
mater, pericardium, tunica sclerotica, tunica al-
buginea  testis, outer membrane of the  spleen,
Ac.  Under aimple fibrous tiaauca, certain writers
have classed the white and yellow fibrous tissues,
and areolar  tissue. Both the  yellow and tho
white may be detected in the areolar tissue.  The
ivhite is said to exist alone in  ligaments, tendons,
fibrous membranes, aponeuroses, Ae.  The yellow
exists separately in the middle coat of the arte-
ries, the chordae vocales, ligamentum nuchas of
quadrupeds,  Ac.  It differs  from the white in
possessing a high degree of elasticity.
  Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous — f. Matter
of the Brain, see Cerebrum — f. Membranes, see
Membranes, fibrous.
  FIB'ULA, Cruris ra'dins,  Canna  minor,  Oa
per'one, Perone'um, Fac"ile minus, Sura, Arun'do
minor, Fislula Cruris, Tib'ia min'ima, Os tib'ia
minus,  ' a clasp.'  The splinter bone of the leg.
(F.) Perone.   The  long, small bone,  situate at
the outer part of the leg.  The superior or tibial
extremity of the fibula is rounded  and forms the
caput or head.   It is articulated with the tibia.
Its  inferior  or tarsal extremity is broader than
the superior.   It is articulated with the tibia and
astragalus, and forms  the malleolus externus or
titer ankle by means  of its coronoid process.
The body of the bone  has three  faces, having
more  or less prominent edges.  It is separated
from the tibia  by the interosseous space, and is
developed by three points of ossification;  one at
the body, and one at each extremity. It prevent)
the foot from turning outwards.
  FIBULAD, see Fibular Aspect
  FIBULAR, Peroneal.
  Fibular Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on which the fibula is situated.—Barclay.  Fib'-
ulad is  used by the same writer adverbially, to
signify ' towards the fibular aspect'
  FIBULATIO, Infibulatio.
  FIC, Ficus.
  PICA I RE, Ranunculus ficaria.
  FICARIA, Scrophularia aquatica—f. Commu-
nis, Ranunculus ficaria — f.  Ranunculoides, Ra-
nunculus ficaria—f. Verna, Ranunculus ficaria.
  FICATIO, Ficus.
  FICOSA EMINENTIA, Ficus.
  FICUS, Syce,  Sy'cea,  Sycum, Syco'sis, Syco'-
ma, Fica'tio, Fico'sus Tumor, Fico'su eminen'tia,
Maris'ca, (F.) Fie.  A fleshy excrescence, often
soft and reddish, sometimes hard and scirrhous,
hanging by a  peduncle, or  formed like a fig;
occurring on the eyelids, chin,  tongue, anus, or
organs of  generation.  The  fiei seated on  the
last-mentioned parts are generally of a syphilitic
character.
  Ficus, F. Carica.
  Ficus  Car'ica, F. commu'nia.  The  systematic
name of  the  fig  tree;  (F.)  Figuier.  Carica,
Ficus,  Ficus vulga'ris,  Ficus  commu'nia, Syce,
ovxn, (F.) Eigne: the fig — Ficus,  (Ph. U. S.) —
is  a pleasant fruit when ripe;  as well as when
dried in the state in which  it  is found in the
shops.   It is used, at times, in place of a cata-
plasm ;  especially in gum-boils.
  Ficus  Communis, F. Carica — f. Indiae grana,
Coccus  cacti — f. Indica, Musa  paradisiaca, see
Caoutchouc and Lacca—f. Religiosa, see Laeca.
  FIDERIS, MINERAL AVATERS OF.   These
waters, in the Canton of the Orisons, are strong,
acidulous, and alkaline  and possess all the vir-
tues of the class. 
FIDGETS
379
FIOLE
   FIDGETS.   Of  doubtful  etymology.   Dya-
 phor'in simplex, I), nerro'sa, Erethia'mua simplex,
 Tituhdtio,  (F.) Frftillement.  General  restless-
 ness and troublesome uneasiness of the nerves
 and muscles; with increased sensibility, and in-
 ability of fixing the attention, accompanied with
 a perpetual desire of changing the position.  See
 Agaccnitnl  des Nerfs.
   FlhK'INALES, Lumbricales manus.
   FIEL, Bile.
   FI EL DAVE ED,  Anthemis  cotula,  Erigeron
 Philadelphicum.
   FIEVRE,  Fever—/.  d'Accea,  Intermittent
 fever—/. Adynamique,  Typhus—/. Algide, see
 Algidus—/. d'Amour, Fever, erotic—/. Angeio-
 teuique, Synocha—/. Annuelle, see Annual Dis-
 eases—/.  Ardent, Ardent fever,  Synocha—/
 Ataxique,  Typhus —/.  de la Barbadc, Fever,
 yellow—/. Bullc.nse, Pemphigus—/. dea Campa,
 Typhus gravior — /. Catarrhale, Catarrh —/ Ca-
 tarrhalc epideinique, Influenza—f.  Cerebrate, Ce-
 rebral fever—/. Cerebrate dea Enfana, Hydroce-
 phalus internus—/. Choleriqne, Choleric fever—
 f. de  Consomption, see  Consumption—/. Conti-
 nente  inflammtitoire,  Synocha—/.  Delirante,
 Fever, delirious—/. Double,  Fever,  double—/.
 Doublec. Fever, double—/. Entero-meaenterique,
 Typhoid fever—/. Etique, Hectic fever—/. Gastro-
 adynainique,  Fever,  yellow—/.  Gastro-hepa-
 tique,  Fever, yellow —/. Hcctique, Hectic fever
 —/. de Hongrie, Fever,  Hungaric—•/. d'Hiipital,
 Typhus gravior—/. Lthique, Fever,  yellow—
 /. Inflammatoire, Synocha—/. Intermittente, In-
 termittent fever—/. Intermittente paludeenne, see
 Eludes—/.  Irritative, Synocha—f. Jaune d'Ame-
 rique, Fever, yellow—/.  Lactee, Fever, milk—/.
 de Lait, Fever, milk—f.  Laiteuse, Fever, milk —
 /. Larree,  Fever,  masked—/. Leuticulairc, Ty-
 phus gravior—/. du Levant, Plague —/.  des Mo-
 rals— Intermittent  Fever—/.  Matelote, Fever,
 yellow—f. MSningo-gastrique, Fever,  gastric—/.
 Me.eenteriqne, see  Typhus —/. de  la  Moisson,
 Fever, gastric—-/. Morbilleuse, Rubeola—;/'.  N'er-
 vense,  Typhus  mitior —/. Nosocomiale,  Typhus
 gravior—f.  Ortiee, Urticaria—/. Oscitante, Osei-
 tant fever—-/. Paludeenne,  see Elodes—/. Perio-
 diqne, Intermittent  fever—/. PSripneumonique,
 Pneumonia—/. Perniciense delirante, see Delirious
 —-f. Pleuretique, Pleurisy—f. des Prisons, Typhus
 gravior—/.  Pneumonique, Pneumonia—/. Pour-
 pree, Scarlatina—/. Puerperalc, Fever, puerpe-
 ral, see Peritonitis—-/. Quarte, Quartan—f.  Qua-
 tidicnne, Quotidian—/. Reinittcnte, Remittent
 fever—/. Rhumatismale, Rheumatism,  acute —
 /. Rouge, Roseolas, Scarlatina—-/. Sanguine, Sy-
 nocha—/. Sennitierce, Hemitritaea—/. de Siam,
 Fever, yellow—/.  Suante, Sudor  Pieardieus—/.
 Syncopate., see Fever syncopal, and Syncopal—/.
 Tierce,  Tertian fever,/. Typhdide, see Typhus —
 /. Vesiculaire, Pemphigus.
   FIEVRE UN, Feverish.
   FIG. INDIAN,  Cactus opuntia.
   FIG UK.  see Ficus carica.
   FIGUIER,  Ficus  carica—/.  d'lnde, Cactus
 opuntia.
   FIGURA VENOSA. Circulus venosus.
   FIGUR ATIO, Imagination.
   FIGURE. Countenance.
   FIGURE, (F.)  An epithet for a compressive
bandage, applied  over the  head after  bleeding
from the frontal vein.  It  has also been called
bandage royal.
  FIG WORT, Scrophularia nodosa — f. AA'ater,
greater, Scrophularia aquatica.
  FILACEOUS. Filamentous.
  F1I.A NERVE A. Nerve-fibres.
  FIL'AMENT, Filum, Filamen'tum,  from filum,
 'a thread.'  This word  is  used synonymously
 with fibril; thus, we say, a nervous  or  ceilular
 filament or fibril.  Also, the glairy,  thread-like
 substance, which forms in the urine in some dis-
 eases, and which depends  on a particular secre-
 tion from the mucous membrane of the  urinary
 passages.
   FILAMEN'TOUS, Filamento'sus.  Filaceous;
 threadlike ; filiform.  Containing threadlike sub-
 stances,  as the tunica  filamentoaa or decidua:
 —Filamentous  urine; urine containing  thread-
 like substances.
   FILAMENTUM, Fraenum.
   FILARIA  GUINEENSIS,  Dracunculus — f.
 Hominis bronchialis, see AA'orms—f. Medinensis,
 Dracunculus—f. Oculi, see AVorms.
   FILBERT, Corylus avellana.
   FILELLUM. Fraenum.
   FILET (DE LA  LANGUE,) Frasnum—/. de
 la Verge, Frasnum penis—/. Operation  du, see
 Frasnum.
   FILETUM, Frasnum linguas.
   FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas—f. Dulcis,
 Polypodium vulgare.
   FIL'IFORM, Filiform'is, from filum, 'a thread,'
 and forma, 'form;' having the shape of a thread;
 as  the filiform papilla of the tongue.   See Pa-
 pillae.
   FILING, Limatio.
   FILTPENDULA, Spirssa filipendula.
   FILIUS ANTE  PATREM,  Tussilago.
   FILIX Fffi.AlINEA,  Pteris aquilina —f. Flo-
 rida, Osmunda regalis—f. Mas, Polypodium filix
 mas — f. Non  ramosa dentata. Polypodium filix
 mas — Nymphasa, Pteris aquilina —  f. Pinnata,
 Polypodium filix mas—f. A^eneris, Adiantum pe-
 datum.
  FILLE, Girl.
  FILLET, Fascia, Laquens.
  FILTRA'TION, Filtrdtio, Percoldtio, E'fin-
 als,  Ethis'mus.   A  pharmaceutical  operation,
 which consists in passing a fluid through a filter
 or strainer, for the purpose  of clarifying it.  In
 ancient physiology, it meant the action by which
 the different humours of the body are separated
 from the mass of the blood.
  FILTRUM.   A filter.  Any porous material;
 such as sand, some kinds of freestone, powdered
 charcoal, pounded glass, flannel, unsized paper,
 Ac, through which a fluid is passed for the purpose
 of separating it from the matters suspended in it.
  FILUM,  Filament — f.  Musculare, Muscular
 fibre—f.  Tosniaforme, Tasniola.
  Filum Termina'le.  A slender ligament, pro-
 longed from the nervous sheath, formed by the
 spinal  pia mater, which descends  through the
 centre  of the  Cauda equina, and is attached to
 the dura  mater, lining the canal of the coccyx.
  FIM'BRIA, Parar'ma.  A band; a fringe ; as
 the fimbria or fimbriated extremity  of the Fallo-
 pian tube.
  FIMBRLE  OARNOS.E  COLI,   Epiploic ap-
pendages— f. Tubarum Fallopii, see  Tube, Fal-
lopian.
  FIMUS, Bor'borus, Onthus, Stercus.  Dung:
 excrement
  Fimus  seu Stercus An'seris. Goo8e-dung,\\ns
 applied  as a poultice to the feet in  malignant
fever.  See Chenocoprus.
  Fimus  Equi'nus, Stercus cqui non caatra'ti.
 Stone horse-dung, was once thought anti-pleuritic.
  Fimus  A'acca, Cow-dung, was employed as  a
 cataplasm, especially in gout.
  FTNCKLE.  Anethum.
  FINGER, Digitus—f.  Ring, Annular finger^
f. Stall, Digitale.
  FINIS ASPER.E ARTERLE, Larynx
  FIOLE, Phiala. 
FIR
380
FISTULA
  FIR, MOSS, UPRIGHT, Lycopodium selago
—f.  Scotch, Pinus sylvestris — f. Spruce, Nor-
way, Pinus abies — f.  Tree,  silver, European,
Pinus picea—f. Yew-leaved, Pinus abies.
  FIREDAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted — f. Per-
sian, Anthracion—f. St. Anthony's, Erysipelas—
f. Weed, Erechthites hieracifolia,  Senecio.
  FIRING, Cauterization.
  FISIISKIN, Ichthyosis.
  FISH-TONGUE.  An instrument — so called
from its shape—used by some dentists for the re-
moval of the dentes sapientias.
  FISSICULA'TIO, from fiaaiculare, 'to cut off,'
' open,' ' make incisions.'  An old word for an
opening made with a scalpel.
  FISSIPARITI1, see Generation.
  FISSIPAROUS, see  Generation.
  FISSURA, Fissure—f. Capillorum, Distrix—f.
Contrajacens, Contra-fissura—f. Cerebri longitu-
dinalis, Fissure,  longitudinal,  of the Brain — f.
Magna vulvas, see Rima — f. Pilaris, Trichismus.
  Fissu'ra Longitudina'lis, Ante'rior et Pos-
te'rior.  Two vertical fissures  in  the median
line, in front of, and behind, the  medulla oblon-
gata, which divide it superficially into two sym-
metrical lateral columns.
  Fissura Transversa Magna  Cerebri, Fis-
sure, transverse, of the Brain.
  FISSURE, Fiaeu'ra, Schiama, Seissu'ra, Rhege,
Rhegma, Rhegm.ua, from findere, ' to cleave;'  a
long and narrow cleft  or opening in a bone —
Rhage, payi, Ceasma, xeaapa. (F.) Fissure, Fente.
  Fissure has various acceptations.  1. A frac-
ture, Catag'ma fissu'ra, in which the  bone  is
cracked, not separated, as in fracture. 2. A nar-
row, long,  and superficial solution of continuity,
around the external  openings  of  the  mucous
membranes.  A sort of chap, observed on the
hands,  particularly on the  callous hands,  of
workmen,  in  certain mechanical employments.
3. Small, chapped ulcerations, sometimes noticed
in young  children, owing to  the contact of the
fasces and urine with the fine delicate skin of the
thighs, nates, and genital organs.  4. Clefts of a
more or less deep nature, occurring on the ge-
nital organs in the vicinity of the anus, in those
labouring  under  syphilis.   These are usually
called rhagades.   See Monster.
  Fissure  of Bichat, Fissure, transverse, of
the  Brain—f. Capillary, see Pilatio.
  Fissure, Central.   The aggregate of the ca-
vities or ventricles of the brain.   Meckel  consi-
ders this but one cavity in the  form of a cross.
  Fissure of  Glaser, Fissure,  glenoid — f. of
 Glaserius,  F. Glenoid.
  Fissure, Glenoid, Fissure of Glaser or Glase'-
 riua, (F.)  Fissure  ou  Scissure de  Glaser, Fente
glenoidale  ou Feiure de Glaser, divides  the gle-
noid cavity of the temporal bone into two parts,
 and gives passage to the chorda tympani, Ac.
  Fissure of  the Helix.  A small vertical fis-
 sure of the helix  of the ear, a little above the
 tubercle for the attachment of the  attrahens aurem
 muscle.
  Fissure, Infraorbitar, Suborbitar fissure.
  Fissure, Longitudinal, of the  Brain, Fis-
 su'ra cer'ebri- longitudina'lis.  The space which
 separates the two hemispheres of the brain.
  Fissure, Orbitar, see Orbitar fissure—f. Or-
 bitar, inferior,  Spheno-maxillary fissure — f. Or-
 bitar, superior, Sphenoidal Fissure.
  Fissure of  Rolan'do.  A  transverse fissure
 placed between  two superior  cerebral  convolu-
 tions, which are  met with above  the fissure  of
 Sylvius.
  Fissure, Semilu'nar.  A notch at the  ante-
 rior edge  of  the cerebellum,  where it receives
fibres which connect it to the cerebellum and
mesocephalon.
  Fissure of Syl'vius, Fissu'ra vel Fosaa Mag-
na Sylvii.  A deep, narrow sulcus, which ascends
obliquely backwards from the temporal'iila of the
sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietal
bone, and which  parts  the  anterior ami  middle
lobes of the cerebrum on each side.
  Fissure of Sylvius, ATentriele, fifth.
  Fissure of the Tragus. A fissure on the an-
terior surface of the tragus of the ear.
  Fissure, Transverse of  the Brain, Great
tranaverae fi,8aure, Fiaaure of Bichat, Fissu'ra seu
Rima  transversa magna  cer'ebri.   A fissure,
which passes beneath and behind the edge of the
middle lobe of the brain, and extends  beneath
the hemisphere of one side to the same point of
the opposite side.
  FIST, A. S. Fyrt, ™>Yuri> Py9ml> Pugnus, (F.)
Poing.  The clenched hand.
  FIS'TULA, Syrinx, Syrin'ga, Aulos—when of
a small size, Aulis'coa.  A solution of continuity,
of greater or less depth and sinuosity;  the open-
ing of which is narrow, and the disease kept up
by an altered texture of parts, so that  it is not
disposed to heal.  A fistula is incomplete or blind,
when it has but one opening;  and complete when
there are  two, the one communicating with an
internal cavity, the other externally. It is lined,
in its whole course, by a membrane, which seems
analogous to mucous  membranes.   Incomplete
fiatula may be internal or external.  The former
are those which open internally ; the latter those
which open externally.   External incomplete fia-
tula  are kept  up by caries or necrosis  of bones,
by extraneous  bodies in  any of the living tex-
tures, or by purulent cavities, the walls of which
have not become united.  Internal incomplete fia-
tula generally soon become complete, since the
discharge that escapes from them into the cavi-
ties  into  which they open, has a constant ten-
dency to make its  way outwardly, and soon oc-
casions ulceration of the integuments.   Fistulas
have received different names, according to the
discharge  which they afford,  and the  organs in
which they are seated, — as  lachrymal, biliary,
8alivary,   synovial,  urinary — Fis''tula nri'na,
 U'rias.  The great object of treatment, in fistu-
lous sores, is to bring on an altered  condition of
the parietes of the canal, by astringent  or stimu-
lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, Ac.
Those which  are dependent  on diseased bone,
cartilage, tendon, Ac, do not heal until after the
exfoliation of the diseased part.   Fistulas of ex-
cretory ducts  are produced either by an injury
of the duct itself or by the retention and accu-
mulation  of the fluids to which they have to give
passage.   Thus,  Fis'tulu  lachrymdlis, Bacryo-^
ayr'inx, Emphrag'ma lachrymdle, Hgdropa eacci
lachryma'lia, Dropay of the lachrymal  aac, com-
monly proceeds from the obliteration of the nasal
ducts, or from atony of the lachrymal sac; which
circumstances prevent the tears from passing into
the nostrils.
  Fistula in Ano, Archoayr'inx, generally occurs
from some mechanical pressure or  impediment.
The principal indication in the treatment of these
fistulas of the excretory canals being to put a stop
to the constant discharge of the secretions, Ac,
through the preternatural channel, the fistulous
passage is at times laid  open, and a communica-
tion established with the natural excretory canal;
at others, strong pressure is employed to procure
its obliteration.
   Fistula Belliniana, Uriniferous tube—f. Ci-
balis, Oesophagus — f.  Cruris, Fibula—f. Dura)
matris, Sinus of the dura mater—f. Lachrymalis,
see Fistula—f. Nervorum, Neurilemma—f. Sacra, 
FISTULES STERCORAIRES      381
FLEXOR
Medulla spinalis, Vertebral column—f. Spiritalis,
Trachea—f. Urinaria, Urethra—f. Ureterum re-
num, see Calix—f. Urina.', see Fistula,—f. Ventri-
culi, Oesophagus.
   FISTULES STERCORAIRES,, see Sterco-
raieous.
   FIS'TULOUS, Fistulo'aus, Syring"icua, Syrin-
go'dea.  Relating to, or resembling, a fistula;  as
'a fistulous opening.'
   FIT-ROOT, Monotropa uniflora.
   FITS, NINE DAY, Trismus nascentium.
   FIVF FINUERS,  Panax  Hiiinquefolium.
   FIXATIO  MONONCEA, Melancholy.
   FIXED,  Fixua,  from figcre, 'to fasten.'  A
body not capable of being volatilized by fire is
said to be fixed.  Thus, we say fixed oila, in con-
tradistinction  to volatile oila.
   FIXEN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   This
rpring is four  leagues from AValdsassen, in Bava-
ria.   It contains carbonic acid, holding  in solu-
tion carbonates of lime and  magnesia,  chlorides
of lime  and  magnesia, carbonate  of soda and
silica.  In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer water.
   FIXI DEXTES. The teeth of the second den-
tition.
   FLABELLA'TION, Fldbelldtio,  from flobel-
lare, to  agitate the air.  An operation recom-
mended  by Ambrose  Paris,  which consists  in
keeping  fractured  limbs  cool,  as  well as  the
dressings  surrounding them,  by the renewal  of
the  air  around them, either by the use  of a fan,
or the repeated change of position of the parts
affected.
   FLABELLUM  ET VENTILABRUM COR-
DIS, Pulmo.
   FLACCID'ITY, Flaccid'itaa, from flaccidua,
' flabby,' ' soft'  Softness of a part,  so as to  offer
little resistance on pressure.
   FLAG,  BLUE,  Iris versicolor—f. Dwarf, Iris
lacustris — f. Myrtle, Acorus calamus — f. Root,
Acorus calamus.
   FLAG ELLATIO, Mastigosis.
   FLAMRE,  Iris Germanica—/.  Bdtard, Iris
pseudacorus.
   FLAMROTSE, Ignis sylvaticus.
   FLAME,  VITAL, Vital principle.
   FLAMMA,  Fleam—f. Cordis, Biolychnium—f.
Vitalis,  Biolychnium.
   FLAM ME,  Fleam—/. Vitale, Vital principle.
   FLAMMETTE, Fleam.
   FLAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata.
   FLAMMULA, Fleam, Ranunculus ficaria — f.
Cordis, Biolychnium — f. Jo vis, Clematis recta —
f.  Vitalis,  Animal heat, Biolychnium, Vital prin-
ciple.
   FLANCKS, Flanks.
   FLANKS, H'ia, IIea, La'gones, Lap'ara, Cc-
neo'nea,  (F.) Fiance, Lea Ilea.   The regions of the
body which  extend, on the sides, from the infe-
rior  margin of the chest to the crista ilii.
   FLAP,  (F.) Lambeau.  A  portion of the soft
parts of the body separated from those  beneath,
but still attached by the base. Hence there may
be 'flap wounds,' (F.)  Plaiea d lambeaux,  and
'flap operations,' (F.) Operationa d  lambeaux.
   Flap Operation of Amputation, Amputation
d  lambeaux.
   FLAT TOP, Arernonia Neveboracensis.
   FLATUARIUS, Alehymist.
   FLAT'ULENCE, Flatulen'tia, Flatua, Flatu-
os'itas, Ai'ri/lux'us, Pneumato'sis  ventric'uli  ct
Pn.  enter'ica,  Pneumatosis,  Bdes'ma,   Hyper-
pnena'tia,  C/ydon,  Physa, Polyphy'sia,  Limo'sis
Fla'tus,  Ereux'is, Bombus,  Flatuoa'ity,  Wind,
Wind'inesa,  Vcntos'ity,  Vapour, (F.) Ventosite,
Flatuosite.   Emission of wind by the mouth or
anus, or accumulation of wind in  the digestive
tube.
  FLATULENT, AVindy.
  FLATULENTIA, Flatulence.
  FLA TUOSITE, Flatulence.
  FLATUOSITY, Flatulence.
  FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence—f. Furiosus,
Ambulo-flatulentus—f. Spinae, Spina ventosa.
  FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see  Citrus
medica.
  FLAVOUR, from (F.)flairer,' to smell.'  The
quality of a sapid body, which is appreciated by
the taste  and smell combined, and more  espe-
cially by the latter.  Some physiologists consider
that flavour is effected through the smell alone.
  FLAVUS, Yellow.
  FLAX, COMMON,  Linum  usitatissimum—f.
Purging, Linum catharticum—f. Seed, see Linum
usitatissimum—f. Seed tea, Infusum lini compo-
situm—f. Toad, Antirhinum linaria.
  FLEA,  COMMON, Pulex irritans.
  FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrosa—f.
Various-leaved, Erigeron heterophyllum—f. Bane,
Canada,  Erigeron Canadense — f. Philadelphia,
Erigeron Philadelphicum — f. Skevish, Erigeron
Philadelphicum.
  FLEAM,  Flamma,  Flam'mula, Schaste'rion,
Fosso''rium,  Phlebolomum.  A  surgical instru-
ment used for the operation of phlebotomy.  (F.)
Flamme, Flammette.  It consists of a small me-
tallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting in-
strument,  which, by means of a spring, can be
forced into the vein.   It is much used in Ger-
many and some other European countries, and is
not unfrequently employed in America;  but is
scarcely ever seen in France or Great Britain.
  FLEAAVORT, Plantago psyllium.
  FLECHISSEUR, Flexor—/. Court commun
des orteils,  Flexor  brevis  digitorum pedis —/.
Court du petit doigt, Flexor parvus minimi digiti
—/. Court du petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi di-
giti pedis—-/. Profond des doigts, Flexor profun-
dus perforans—-/. Sublime des doigts,  Flexor sub-
limis perforatus—-/. Superficiel des doigts, Flexor
sublimis perforatus—-/. Court du gros orteil, Flexor
brevis pollicis pedis—-/. Grand commun des orteils,
Flexor longus digitorum pedis  profundus perfo-
rans—/. Long commun des orteils, Flexor longus
digitorum pedis profundus perforans—-/. Long du
gros orteil, Flexor longus pollicis pedis—/. Court
du Pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis munus.
  FLECTENS PAR LUMBORUM, Quadratus
lumborum.
  FLEGMEN, Flemen.
  FLEMEN,  Flegmen.   A  tumour about the
ankles. Also, a chap on the feet and hands.
  FLERECIN, Gout.
  FLESH, Caro, Sarx, (F.) Chair.  Every soft
part of an animal is so named;  but  more parti-
cularly the muscles, which are called  muscular
flesh.
  Flesh, Proud, Fungosity.
  FLETUS, Lachrymatio.
  FLEURS, Flowers, Menses—/. Blanches, \.m-
corrhoea—/. de  Muscade, Mace—/. de Soufre,
Sulphur sublimatum.
  FLEXIBILTTY,  Flexibilitas, from  flecxere,
'to bend.'  Capability of being bent. A physi-
cal property of the  tissues, which varies greatly
according to the structure.  The tendons exhibit
this property in a marked manner.
  FLEXIO, Campsis, Flexion.
  FLEXTON, Flex'io, Campe, from flectere, • to
bend.'  The state of being laent  The action of
a flexor muscle.
  FLEXOR.  Same etymon.   (F.) Flechisseur.
A muscle, whose office it is to bend certain parts.
  Flexor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis Perfoha'-
tus,  F. Subllmia,  Flexor  brevia, Flexor digito'-
rum brevis sive perforatua pedis, Perfordtua seu 
FLEXOR
382
FLEXOR
flexor  secun'di  interno'dii  digito'rum pedis,
Calcaneo - sous - phalangetticn  commun,— Calca-
ne.o - 8ou8 -phalanginien  commun, — (Ch.)   (F.)
Muacle  court fiechisseur commun dea orteila.  A
muscle, placed at the  middle of the sole of the
foot   It is narrower  and  thicker  behind than
before, where it is divided into four  portions.  It
arises from the posterior part of the inferior sur-
face  of  the os calcis, and is inserted at the infe-
ferior surface of the second phalanx of the last
four  toes.   It bends the second phalanges of the
toes  on the  first, and the first on the metatarsal
bones;  in this manner augmenting the concavity
of the vault of the foot.
  Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti, F. parvus mi-
nimi digiti.
  Flexor Brevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pedis, Pard-
thenar minor, (F.) Court fiechiaaeur du petit orteil,
Tarso-sous-phalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.)  A
muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of
the sole of the foot.  It arises from  the posterior
extremity of the  fifth metatarsal bone, and  is in-
serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx
of the little toe, which it bends.
  Flexor Brevis  Pol'licis  Manus, Flexor se-
cun'di interno'dii,  Thenar, Flexor  primi et se-
cun'di ossis pol'licis,  (F.)  Court fiechiaaeur du
pouce, Carpophalangien du pouce — (Ch.) Demi-
interosaeux du pouce.   A muscle, situate at the
outer part of the palm of the hand.   It is di-
vided  into two  portions by the  tendon of the
Flexor  longus pollicis.   It arises  from the  os
magnum,  the anterior  annular ligament of the
carpus  and  the  third metacarpal bone ;  and is
inserted into the superior part of the first pha-
lanx of the  thumb, and into the two  ossa  sesa-,
moidea at the  articulation  of the first  phalanx
with the first metacarpal bone.   Its use is to bend
the first phalanx of the thumb on the first meta-
carpal bone, and  the latter upon the trapezium.
  Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis, Flexor brevis,
Flexor htil'lucis  vel brevis pol'licis, (F.) Tarso-
phalangien du pouce,  Court fiechisseur du gros
orteil,  Tarso-sous-phalangettien du premier orteil
— (Ch.) It is situate at the anterior and inner
part of the sole of  the foot; is thin  and narrow
behind, thick and divided into two  portions be-
fore.  It arises  from the inferior part of the os
calcis and the last two  cuneiform bones, and is
inserted at the  inferior part of the base of the
first  phalanx of  the great toe, and into the two
sesamoid bones of the  corresponding metatarso-
phalangian articulation.  It bends the first pha-
lank of the great toe on the first metacarpal bone.
  Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris magnus —
f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles)—f. Hallu-
ces, F. brevis pollicis pedis — f. Hallucis longus,
F. longus pollicis pedis.
  Flexor Longus Digito'rum Pedis Profun-
dus Per'forans ; Perforans seu Flexor profun'-
dus,   Perodactyle'us, Peronodactylius,  Perono-
ductylia'us, Peronedactyl'ius, Flexor digito'rum
longus sive Perforans pedis, Perforana seu Flexor
tertii internodii digito'rumpedia; (F.) Tibio-pha-
langettien—(Ch.), Grand ou long fiechisseur com-
mun des orteils.   A muscle, situate at the poste-
rior and deep-seated part of the leg.  It is broader
at us middle than at its extremities, the inferior of
which is divided into  four portions.  It arises
from the posterior surface  of the tibia, and its
tendons are attached to the posterior part of the
lower surface of the three phalanges of the last
four  toes.   It bends the three phalanges on each
other, and the  toes  on the metatarsus, and ex-
tends the foot on the leg.
  The Accesso'riua  Flexo'ria Longi Digito'rum
Pedis,  Caro quadra'ta Sylvii, C.  accesso'ria,
tfatta car'nea Jaco'bi  Sylvii, Plantdris verus,
(F.) Accessoire du long fiechisseur  commun de*
orteila, Carrie, is a small muscle of the sole of tho
foot, which passes obliquely  from the os calcis
to the outer edge of the flexor longus, whose force
it augments, and corrects its obliquit}'.
  Flexor Longus Pol'licis Manus, Flexor Ion.
gus pollicis, Flexor tertii interno'dii, Flexor ter-
tii internodii sive  longis'simus pollicis; (F.) Ra-
dio-phalangettien  du pouce, — (Ch.)   Situate at
the anterior and  profound part of the forearm.
It arises from the upper three quarters of the an-
terior surface of the radius and interosseous liga-
ment, and is inserted, by a tendon, into the an-
terior surface of the last phalanx of the thumb.
It bends the second phalanx of the thumb on the
first; the first on the  corresponding metacarpal
bone, and this upon  the  radius.  It can,  also,
bend the hand on  the forearm.
  Flexor Longus Pollicis Pedis, Flexor Htil'-
lucis vel Pollicis longus, (F.) Peroneo-phalangien
du gros orteil, Long fiechisseur du gros orteil, Pe-
roneo-sous-Phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.)   It is
situate at the posterior and profound part of the
leg.   It arises from  the posterior surface of the
fibula and the interosseous ligament, and is in-
serted, by means of  a long tendon, into the infe-
rior part of the first phalanx of the great toe.  It
bends the third  phalanx  on  the  first, and this
upon the corresponding metatarsal bone.  It aug-
ments the concavity of the sole of the foot, and
extends the foot on the leg.
  Flexor Parvus  Min'imi Dig"iti, Abduc'tur
minimi digiti, Hypoth'enar Riola'ni,  Flexor bre-
vis minimi digiti  manus, Hypoth'enar minimi di-
giti, (F.) Carpo-phalangien du petit doigt—(Ch.),
Court fiechisseur du  petit  doigt.  It  arises from
the anterior annular ligament of the  carpus and
the process of the os unciforme, and is inserted at
the inner side of  the superior  extremity of the
first phalanx of the little  finger.  It  bends the
first phalanx of the little finger.
  Flexor Perforans, F.  profundus perforans—
f. Perforatus, F.  sublimis perforatus—f. Primi
internodii, Opponens pollicis—f. Primi internodii
digitorum  manus, Lumbricalis manus — f. Primi
et secundi ossis pollicis, F. brevis pollicis manus.
  Flexor Profun'dus Per'forans,  F. Profun-
dus, F.  Per'for ana, F. Per'forana vulgo profun-
dus, Flexor ter'tii interno'dii digito'rum  monui
vel  Per'forana manua; (F.) Cubito-phalangetticn
commun — (Ch.,) Fiechisseur profond des doigts.
A thick,  flat, long  muscle, seated beneath  the
Flexor aublimia perforatua. Its upper extremity
is simple, and arises from the  anterior surface of
the ulna and from the interosseus ligament.   Its
inferior  extremity terminates  by four tendons,
which, after having  passed through the slits in
the  aublimia, are  inserted  into the anterior sur-
face of the last phalanges of the four fingers. It
bends the third phalanges  on the second, and, in
other respects, has  the same use as  the flexor
sublimis perforatus.
  Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pf.pis,
F. brevis digitorum pedis—f. Tertii internodii, F,
longus pollicis manus—f. Tertii internodii digito-
rum mantis, F. profundus perfonns—f. Tertii in-
ternodii digitorum  pedis, F. lc tigus  digitorum
pedis profundus  perforans — f. Ossis metacarpi
pollicis, Opponens pollicis — f. Perforatus pedis,
F. brevis  digitorum  pedis—f.  Sublimis, F. brevis
digitorum pedis.
  Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perfora'-
tm,  (F.)  Fiechisseur  sublime ou superfidcl del
doigts, Epitroklo-phalanginien commun, — (Ch.)
It is a  thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior
part of the forearm.   Its upper extremity, which
is simple, arises from the internal condyle of the
os humeri;—from the coron«id process of the 
FLIXAVEED
3?3
FLUSH
ulna, and from  the  anterior edge of the radius.
Its  lower extremity divides  into four tendons,
which slide under the anterior annular ligament
of the  carpus, and  are inserted  into the second
phalanges of the last four fingers, after having
been slit to allow the tendons of the flexor pro-
fundus to pass through them. This muscle bends
the second phalanges on  the first;  these on the
carpal bones, and the hand on the forearm.
  FLEXURA, Curvature—f. Sigmoidea, Sigmoid
flexure.
  FLIXAVEED, Sisymbrium sophia.
  FLOCCI, see A'illous membranes.
  FLOCCILATION, Carphologia.
  FLOCCILEGIWM, Carphologia.
  FLOCCITATION, Carphologia.
  FLOOCORUM VENATIO, Carphologia.
  FLOCOULI, see Arillous membranes.
  FLOCCULUS; diminutive offioccua, 'a lock
of wool'—Pneumogaa'trie  lob'ule, Lob'ulua pneu-
mogas'tricus.  A  long and slender  prominence,
extending from  the side of the vallecula around
the corpus restiforme to the  crus cerebelli, lying
behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves.
  FLO It DE MISTELA, see Mistura.
  FLORENCE,  CLIMATE OF.  This agreeable
Italian city is by no  means a favourable residence
for the phthisical invalid.  Sir James Clark af-
firms, indeed, that  he  does  not  know any class
of invalids for whom Florence offers  a favourable
residence.  It is  subject to sudden  vicissitudes
of temperature, and to cold, piercing winds du-
ring the  winter and spring.
  FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin,  flowers of—
f. Boracis, Boracic acid—f.  Macidos, see Myristica
moschata—f. Macis, Mace—f. Martiales, Ferrum
ammoniatum—f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Fer-
rum ammoniatum.
  FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF, see Saint Augus-
tine.
  Florida,  AVaters  of.  Near Long Lake, in
Florida, United States, which communicates with
St. John's River by a small creek, there is avast
fountain  of  hot mineral  water,  issuing from  a
bank of the river.  From its odour it would seem
to be sulphureous.
  FLO RIO N, Influenza.
  FLOS, Anthos. A flower.  Also, the finest and
noblest part of a body, and virginity.
  Flos, Jovis, Crocus—f.  Salis,  Soda, subcarbo-
nate of—f. Sanguineus  monardi,   Tropasolum
majus — f. Trinitatis, Alola tricolor — f. Virgini-
tatis, Hymen.
  FLOUR,  COLD,  Pinoli.
  Flour, Patent, Jones's.  A farinaceous pre-
paration, which is said to  consist of wheat-flour,
with tartaric acid and carbonate of soda.
  Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum.
  FLOAVER DE LUCE,  Iris Germanica.
  FLOWERS, Flores, (F.) Flcurs.  The ancient
chymists gave  this name  to different solid and
volatile substances obtained by sublimation. The
term is not yet entirely banished from chymieal
and medical  language, as Flowers of Benjamin,
Flowers of Sulphur, Ac.
  Flowers, Menses.
  Flowers, Four Carminative, Quat'uor flores
carminatlvi, were chamomile, dill, fever-few, and
melilot.
  Flowers, Four Cordial, Quat'uor flores cor-
dia'les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and
riolets.
  FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation—f. Aurium, Tin-
nitus annum.
  FLUCTUA'TION,  Fluctua'tio,  from fluctus,
'a wave;' Undula'tio, (F.) Ondulation.  The un-
dulation  of  a fluid collected in any natural or
artificial  cavity, which is  felt by pressure or by
3.  Exhaled or
  Perspiratory.
4. Follicular.
5.  Glandular.
percussion, properly practised—peripheric fluctu-
ation.  In ascites,  the  fluctuation is felt by one
of the hands being  applied to one side of the ab-
domen, whilst the  other side is struck with the"
other hand.  In abscesses, fluctuation is perceived
by pressing on the tumour, with one or two fingers
alternately, on opposite points.
  Fluctuation Peripheric, see Fluctuation—f.
Rhonchal, see Rhonchal — f. by SuccussioD, see
Succussion.
  FLUELLEN, Antirhinum  elatine.
  FLUELLIN, A'eronica.
  FLUEURS,  Menses—/.  Blanches,  Leueor-
rhcea.
  FLUID, Flu'idue, fromfluere, 'to flow.'  The
human body is chiefly  composed of fluids.  If
one,  weighing 120  pounds, be thoroughly dried
in an oven,  the remains  will be found not to
weigh more  than 12 or 13 pounds; so  that the
proportion of fluids to liquids in the body  is
about 9 or 10 to 1.

   Table of Fluids of the Human Body.

1. Blood.
2. Lymph.
               'Transpiration of the  mucous,
                   serous, and synovial mem-
                   branes; of the areolar mem-
                   brane ; of the adipous cells;
                   of the  medullary membrane;
                   of the  interior of the thyroid
                   gland; ofthe thymus; supra-
                   renal  capsules ; eye;  ear ;
                   vertebral canal, Ac
                Sebaceous humour of the skin;
                   cerumen; gum of the eye;
                   mucus of the mucous glands
                   and follicles;  that  of the
                   tonsils, of the glands of the
                   cardia, the  environs of the
                   anus, the prostate, Ac.
               'Tears; saliva; pancreatic fluid;
                   bile; cutaneous transpiration;
                   urine; fluid of the glands of
                   Cowper;  sperm ; milk;  of
                   the  testes and mammas  of
                   the new-born  child.

  Fluid,  Cephalo-rachidian, Cephalo-spinal
fluid—f. Cephalo-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid—f.
Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid—f. of Scar-
pa, Vitrine auditive—f. Subarachnoidean, Cepha-
lo-spinal  fluid. ,
  FLU IDE SEMINAL, Sperm.
  FLUIDUM NERVEUM,  Nervous fluid — f.
Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid.
  FLUKE,  Distoma hepaticum—f. Liver, Disto-
ma hepaticum.
  FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM, Dysentery.
  FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Sowens.  A preparation
of oatmeal, which  forms a light  article of food
during convalescence.   It may be made as fol-
lows :—Take of oatmeal or groats,  a quart.  Rub
with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture
stand until  it becomes  sour; then add  another
quart of hot. water, and strain through a hair sieve.
Let  it stand till'a white sediment is deposited;
decant, and  wash the sediment with cold water.
Boil this with fresh water till it forms a mucilage,
stirring the whole time.
  FLUOR. Flux—f. Albus Intestinorum, Cceliac
flux—f. Albus malignus, Gonorrhoea impura—f.
Muliebris, Leucorrhoea— f. Muliebris non Galli-
cus,  Leucorrhoea — f. Sanguinis pulmonum, Has-
moptysis—f. Sanguinis  vesicas, Cystorrhagia.
  FLUSH,  Flushing, (F.) Rongeurs; from (G.)
Fliessen, 'to flow.  The redness produced  by
accumulation  of blood  in  the capillaries of the 
                     FLUX

 face; as the sudden 'flush' or 'blush of emotion :'
 the 'flush of hectic'
   FLUX, Fluxus, Proflu'vium, Fluor, from fluere,
'' to flow.'  A discharge.  Rhysis.  In nosology,
 it  comprises a series of affections, the principal
 symptom of which is the discharge of a fluid.
 Generally it is employed for dysentery.
   Flux, Bilious, Fluxus bilio'sus.  A discharge
 of bile,  either by  vomiting or by  stool,  or  by
 both, as  in cholera.
   Flux, Bloody, Dysentery—/. de Bouche, Sa-
 livation—/. Bronchique, Bronchorrhcea—/. Dy-
 scnterique, Dysentery—f. Hemorrhoidal, see Has-
 morrhois—/. Hepatique,  Hepatirrhcea—f. Men-
 strual, Menses —/.  Muqueiix, Catarrh —/. Mu-
 queiix de Vestomac, Gastrorrhoea—f. Muqueiix de
 la vessie, Cystirrhoea — f. Root, Asclepias tube-
 rosa—/. Saliva ire, Salivation—/. de Sang, Has-
 morrhagia,  Dysentery—f. Sebaceous, Stearrhosa
 —/.  de  Sperme,  Spermatorrhoea —/. de Sueur,
 Ephidrosis — f. AVeed,  Sysimbrium  sophia —/.
 d'Urine, Diabetes—/. de Ventre, Diarrhoea.
   FLUXIO, Fluxion —f. Alba,  Leucorrhoea —f.
 Arthritica, Gout—f. Vulvas, Leueorrhcea.
   FLUXTON, Flux'io,  Afflux na    A  flow  of
 blood or other humour towards any organ with
 greater  force  than  natural.  A  determination.
 Thus we say, in those  disposed  to  apoplexy,
 there is  a fluxion  or determination of blood to
 the head.
   FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh—/, aur
 lea Dent8, Odontalgia.
   FLUXION DE POITRINE, (F.)  By this
 name, the French often understand acute pulmo-
 nary catarrh,  or pleuriay, but  most commonly
 peripneumony.
   FLUXUS, Discharge—f. Alvinus, Diarrhcea—
 f. Chylosus, Coeliac flux—f. Cceliacus, Cceliac flux
 — f. Cceliacus per Renes,  Chyluria—f. Cruentus
 cum  tenesmo,  Dysentery — f. Dysentericus, Dy-
 sentery—f. Hepaticus, Hepatirrhcea, see Hepate-
 ros—f. Lienterieus, Lientery—f. Lunaris, Menses
 —f.  Matricis,  Leueorrhcea—f. Menstrualis, Men-
 struation— f. Menstruus,  Menses — f. Muliebris,
 Leueorrhcea—f. Salivas, Salivation—f. Splenicus,
 Melasna — f. Arenereus, Gonorrhoea impura — f.
 A^cntriculi, Gastrorrhoea.
   FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsasmifolium.
   FOC'ILE.   This name was formerly given to
 the  bones  of  the leg, as well as to those of the
 forearm.
   Focile Majus, Tibia — f. Inferius seu majus,
 Ulna—f. Minus,  Fibula—f. Minus seu superius,
 Radius.
   F03CUNDATIO, Fecundation.
   FCECUNDITAS, Fecundity.
    FffiCUNDUS,  Fecund.
   FCEDI COLORES, Chlorosis.
   FffiMEN, Perinasum.
   FCGMINA, Female.
   FORMINESCENTIA, Feminescence.
   FfflNICULUM, Anethum—f. Aquaticum, Phel-
 landrium aquaticum—f. Erraticum, Peueedanum
 silaus — f. Marinum*  Crithmum  maritimum — f.
 Officinale, Anethum — f. Porcinum, Peueedanum
 —f.  A'ulgarc-,  Anethum.
    FffiNUGREEK, Trigonella fosnum.
    FffiNUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus odoratus—
 f. Grascum, Trigonella fosnum.
    FOjITAB'ULUM.  An encysted abscess.—Mar-
 cus Aurelius Severinus.
   FCETAL, Foetdlia.  Relating to the foetus.   A
 name, given to the parts connected with the foetus.
 Thus we say — the foetal  aurface of the placenta,
 in contradistinction to the uterine or maternal
 surface.
   Fcetal Circulation differs from that  of the
 adult in  several respects.   Commencing with the
4                  FOETUS

placenta, where it probably undergoes some chango
analogous to what  occurs in the lungs in extra-
uterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um-
bilical vein as far as the liver, where a part of it is
poured into the venaporta; the other proceeds into
the vena cava inferior; the latter, having received
the suprahepatic veins, pours  its blood into the
right auricle.  From the right auricle,  a part of
the blood is sent into the right ventricle ; the rest
passes directly through into the left auricle,  by
the foramen ovale.  When  the right  ventricle
contracts, the blood is  sent into the pulmonary
artery; but as the  function of respiration is not
going on, no more blood passes to the lungs  than
is necessary for their nutrition; the remainder
goes directly through the ductus arteriosus into
the aorta. The blood, received  by the left auricle
from  the lungs, as well as that which passed
through the  foramen ovale, is transmitted into
the left ventricle;  by the contraction of which it
is sent into the aorta, and by means  of the um-
bilical arteries, which arise from the hypogastric,
it is returned to the placenta.
  Fcetal Head.   The diameters of this at the
full period are as follows :—1.  The Biparietal or
traii8verae, extending from one parietal protube-
rance to the other,  and measuring 3J inches.  2.
The Temporal,  from one  temple to another, 3
inches. 3. The Occipito-mental, from the occiput
to the  chin; the greatest of all, 5 inches. 4. The
Occipito-frontal or antero-poaterior, 4\ or 4J
inches.  5. The  Cervico-bregmatic, from the nape
of the neck  to  the centre of the anterior fonta-
nelle.  6. The Fronto-mental, from the forehead
to the chin,  about Z$ inches.  7. The Trachelo-
bregmatic, from  the front of the neck to  the ante-
rior fontanelle,  3£  inches.  8.  The Vertical dia-
meter, from the vertex to the base of the  cranium.
  Fcetal Nutrition, Cyotrophy.
  FOSTATION, Pregnancy.
  FOE'TICIDE, Foeticid'iitm,  from foetus,  and
cadere, ' to kill;' Aborticid'ium.  Criminal abor-
tion.
  F03TIDUS, Fetid.
  FffiTOR, Dysodia—f. Oris, Breath, offensive.
  F03TUS, Fetua,  Cye'ma,  Onna ventria, Sar'-
cina,  from feo,  ' I bring  forth.'   The unborn
child.  By xvripa, Cye'ma, Hippocrates meant the
fecundated,  but still  imperfect, germ.  It corre-
sponded with the  term embryo, as now used;
whilst er/Ppvov, ' embryo,' signified the foetus at a
more advanced stage of utero-gestation.   The
majority of anatomists apply to the germ the
name  embryo,  which it retains  until the  third
month of gestation, and with some until the pe-
riod of quickening; whilstfcetua is applied to  it
in its  latter stages.   The  terms are,  however,
often  used  indiscriminately.  When the ovule
has been fecundated in the ovarium, it proceeds
slowly towards, and enters the  uterus, with which
it becomes ultimately connected  by means of the
placenta.  When first  seen, the foetus has the
form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com-
pared to an ant, a grain of barley, a worm curved
upon  itself,  Ac  The  fcetal  increment is  very
rapid in the first, third, fourth, and sixth months
of its  formation, and at the end of nine months
it has attained its full dimensions —  Enfant d
terme. Generally, there is but one foetus in utero;
sometimes,  there  are two;  rarely  three.   The
foetus presents considerable difference in its shape,
weight,  length, situation in the womb, propor-
tion of its various  parts to each other, arrange-
ment and texture of its organs, state of its func-
tions at different periods of gestation, Ac.   All
these  differences are important in  an obstetrical
and medico-legal point of view.  The  following
3J 
FOIE
385
FONTANELLA
table exhibits the length and weight of the foetus
at different periods of gestation, on the authority
of different observers.  Their discordance is stri-
king.   It is proper  to  remark, that the Paris
pound — Poid de Marc — of 16 ounces, contains
9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirdupois contains
only 8532.5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch
is 1.065977 English inch.
At 30 days, 2 months, 3 " 4 " 5 " (5 " 7 " 8 "	Beck.	MAYORIER.	Granville.	Beck.	Maygrieb.	Granville.
	Length.			Weight.		
	3 to 5 lines 2 inches n " 5 to 6 " 7 to 9 " 9 to 12 " 12 to 14 " 16 "	10 to 12 lines 4 inches 6 " 8 " 10 " 12 " 14 " 16 "	1 inch 3 inches 9 inches 12 " 17 "	2 ounces 2 to 3 " 4 to 5 " 9 or 10 " 1 to 2 lbs. 2 to 3 " 3 to 4 "	9 or 10 grains 5 drachms 2% ounces 7 or 8 " 16 " 2 pounds 3 " 4 "	20 grains 1£ ounces 1 pound 2 to 4 " 4 to 5 "
    F«i:tus in Fcetu, Cryptodidymus.
    Fcetus Rf.utimes'tris. A seven months'foetus.
    Fcetus Zepiiyrius, Mole.
    FOIE, Liver—/. d'Antimoine,  Oxidum stibii
 sulphuretum—f.de Soufre, Potassas sulphuretum.
    FOLIA  APALACHINES,  see  Ilex Para-
 guensis—f. Peraguas, Ilex Paraguensis.
    FOLIACEUM  ORNAMENTUM,  see  Tuba
 Fallopiana.
    FOL IE, Insanity—/. des  Ivrognea, Delirium
 tremens.
    FOLLETTE, Influenza.
    FOL'LICLE, Follic'ulua, Cyatia, diminutive of
 Follia, a bag.  See Crypta.
    Follicles, Ciliary,  Meibomius, glands of—
 f. of De Graaf, Folliculi  Graafiani—f. of  Lieber-
 kiihn,  see Intestine — f. Palpebral,  Meibomius,
 glands of—f. Solitary, Brunner's glands—f. Syno-
 vial, Bursas mucosas.
   FOLLICULAR, Follic'uloua, Follic'uloae, Fol-
 liculo'ana, from 'follicle.'  Relating or appertaining
 to a follicle,—as 'follicular inflammation,' inflam-
 mation affecting crypts or follicles.
   FOLLICULE, Crypta—/. Ciliaire,  Meibomius,
 gland of—/". Dentaire, Dental  follicle—/. Palpe-
 bral, Meibomius, gland of.
   FOLLICULES DE GRAAF, Folliculi Graaf-
 iani.
   FOLLICULI GRAAFIA'NI, Ova seu O'vula
 Graafia'na, Follicles or  Vesiclea of  De  Graaf,
 Ovdrian vea'idea,  (F.)  Folliculea  ou  Vesiculea
 de  Graaf.  Small spherical vesicles  in the stroma
 of  the ovary, which  have two  coats; the outer
 termed ovicapaule and tunic of the oviaac; the
 latter  oviaac and membra'na  propria;  veaicule
 ovulifire of M. Pouchet   They exist  in  the fce-
 tus.  The ovum—ovule of some—is  contained in,
 and formed by, them.
  Folliculi Rotundi  et  Oblongi  Cervicis
 Uteri, Nabothi glandulas—f. Sanguinis, Globules
 of the blood—f.  Sebacei,  Sebaceous glands.
  FOLLICULOSE  GLAND, Crypta.
  FOLLICULUS, Vulva,
  Follic'ulus A'eris, Air-chamber.  A space at
 the larger end of the bird's  egg, formed by a se-
 paration of the two layers of the shell membrane,
 which is inservient to the respiration of the young
 being.
  Folliculus Dentis, Dental Follicle—f. Fellis,
 Gall-bladder—f. Genitalis, Scrotum.
  FOMENT, Fove're, (F.) Etuver, Baasiner.  To
 apply a fomentation to a  part.
  FOMENTA'TION, Fomentdtio, Fotua, Py'da,
 Thermae'ma, ('hliaa'ma, yEone'sis, Perfu'aio, Aa-
per'sio, Fomen'tum, (quasi fovimentum,) from fo-
vcre ' to bathe.'  A sort of partial bathing, by the
      25
 application of cloths which have been previously
 dipped in hot water, or in some medicated decoc-
 tion.  They act, chiefly, by virtue of their warmth
 and moisture, except in the case of narcotic fomen-
 tations, where some additional effect is obtained.
   A  dry fomentation is a warm, dry application
 to a part;—as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel;—
 a bag, half filled  with chamomile  flowers made
 hot, Ac.
   Fomentation Herbs, Herba  pro  fotu.  The
 herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng-
 lish apothecary, are — aouthernwood,  topa of sen
 wormwood, chamomile flowers, each two parts;  bay
 leaves, one part,  ^iijss of these to Ovj of water.
   FOMENTUM, Fomentation.
   FOMES MORBI, Fomes mali.   The focus or
 seat of any disease. (F.) Foyer.
   Fomes Ventriculi,  Hypochondriasis.
   FOM'ITES, from fomea,  'fuel, any thing which
 retains heat' Enaus'ma, Zop'yron.  A term  ap-
 plied to substances which are supposed to retain
 contagious effluvia; as woollen goods, feathers,
 cotton, Ac.
   FUNCTION, Function.
   FOND, Fundus.
   FONDANT, Solvent.
   FONGIFORME, Fungoid.
   FONGOlDE, Fungoid.
   FONGOSITE,  Fungosity.
   FONGUS, Fungus—/. Medullaire, Encepha-
 loid.
   FONS, Fontanella—f. Lachrymarum, see Can-
 thus—f.  Medicatus, AVater, mineral — f. Pulsans,
 Fontanella—f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella—f. Saluta-
 rius, AVater, mineral—f. Soterius, Water, mineral
 —f. Vitalis, Centrum vitale.
   FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Fonsange is situated  near Nismes in France.
 The water is  sulphuretted.
   FONTA'NA,  CANAL OF.   A canal of a tri-
 angular  shape, at the  inner side of  the ciliary
 circle; partly formed by the groove at the inner
 edges of  the  cornea and sclerotica.
   FONTANEL'LA.  A fontanel; — diminutive
 of fona, ' a fountain.'  Fona pulaat'ilia, Pons pul-
 sans,  Vertex pal'pitans, Fons, Bregma, Fontic'u-
 lus, Lacu'na, Mould.   The opening of the head.
 A  name, given to a space occupied by a cartilagi-
 nous membrane, in the foetus and new-born child,
 and situate at the union of the angles of the bones
 of the cranium.  There are six fontanels. 1. The
great  or  sincip'ital  or anterior,  situate  at  the
 junction   of  the  sagittal  and  coronal  sutures.
2.  The small or bregmat'ic or posterior, situate at
the part where the posterior and superior angles
of the  parietal bones unite with the upper par*
of the os  occipitis.   3. The two sphenoidal, in th« 
PONTES                  386          FORENSIC  ANATOMY
temporal fossas; and, 4.  The two ma8toid, or of
Casserius, at the union of the  parietal, occipital,
and temporal bones.
  FONTES, see FonS —f. Medicati  Plumbarii,
Plombieres, mineral waters of—f. Sulphurei ca-
lidi, AVaters, mineral,  sulphureous.
  FONTICULE A POIS, see Fonticulus.
  FONTICULUS, Fontanella, Exuto'rium, Ex'-
utory, Iasue, (F.) Fonticule, Cautere.  A small ul-
cer produced by art, either by the aid of caustics
or of cutting  instruments;  the discharge from
which is kept up with a view to fulfil certain the-
rapeutical indications.  The Pea issue, (F.) Fon-
ticule d pois, is kept up by means  of a pea placed
in it.  This pea, (F.) Pois d cautere, is sometimes
formed  of wax; at others, the  young, blasted
fruit of the orange is employed.  The common
dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seton
is also an issue.
   FOOD, Aliment—f. Farinaceous,  see  Farina-
ceous—f. of the Gods, Asafcetida.
   Food, Prince of AVales's.  A farinaceous pre-
paration, which is  used in the  same cases as ar-
row-root, is said to  consist entirely of potato-
flour.
   FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula.
   FOOT, Pes—f. Flat, see Kyllosis—f. Griffon's,
Gryphius pes.
   FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the foot
or feet in parturition.
   FORA'MEN,  Trema,   from  foro,  'I  pierce.'
Aulos, (F.) Trou.  Any cavity, pierced through
and through.  Also, the orifice of a canal.
   Foramen Alveolare  Anterius, see Palatine
canals-—f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine canals
— f. Amplum  pelvis, Obturatorium foramen—f.
Aquasductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum—f. Au-
ditorium externum, see Auditory canal, external
— f. Auditorium  internum,  see Auditory canal,
internal — f. of Bichat, see Canal, arachnoid—f.
of Botal, see Botal  foramen—f. Cascum ossis max-
illaris superioris, see Palatine canals.
   Foramen Cecum of  the Medul'la Oblon-
gata or of Aticq. d'Azyr; (Fr.) Trou borgne.   A
tolerably deep fossa at the  point where  the me-
dium furrow at the anterior surface  of the me-
dulla oblongata meets the pons.
   Foramen Cecum op the  Tongue, see Cascum
foramen, and  Tongue—f. Carotid, see Carotica
foramina.
   Fora'men Centra'le et Limbus Lu'teus Ret'-
INjE.   The central foramen and yellow spot of the
retina ; discovered by Sommering.  Mac'ula lu'-
tea,  (F.) Tache jaune.  It is  situate about two
lines to the outside of the optic nerve, and in the
direction of the axis of the  eye.
   Foramen Commune Anterius, Vulva—f. Com-
mune posterius, see Anus—f. Condyloid, see Con-
dyloid—f.  Conjugationis, see Conjugation—f. Eth-
moideum, Orbitar foramen, internal—f. Incisivum,
see Palatine canal — f. Infraorbitarium, see Sub-
orbitar canal — f.  Infrapubianum, Obturatorium
foramen—f. Jugulare, Lacerum posterius foramen
—f. Lacerum  in basi cranii, Lacerum posterius
foramen — f. Lacerum inferius, Sphenomaxillary
fissure—f. Lacerum superius,  Sphenoidal fissure
—f. Magnum, see  Occipital bone—f. Mastoid, see
 Mastoid foramen—f. Mental, see Mental foramen.
   Foramen of Monro.   An opening behind the
 anterior pillar of the fornix, somewhat above the
anterior commissure, by which the third ventricle
 communicates with the lateral ventricle.
   Foramen of Morgagni, see Cascum  foramen
 and Tongue—f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen
 — f. Oculi, Pupil — f. Oodes, Ovale foramen — f.
 Orbitarium internum, Orbitar foramen, internal—
 £ Orbitarium superius, Orbitar foramen, superior,
 F. supraorbitarium—f. Ovale, Botal foramen, Fe-
nestra ovalis, Obturatorium foramen, Ovale fora-
men—f. Palatinum anterius, see Palatine  canals
—f. Palatinum  posterius, see Palatine canals—f.
Palato-maxillare, see  Palatine canals—f. Rotun-
dum, Fenestra rotunda—f. Spheno-spinosum, Spi-
nale foramen—f. Thyroideum, Obturatorium fora-
men—f. of AVinslow, Hiatus of AVinslow.
  Foram'ina Thebe'sii.   Op%nirtgs resembling
vascular orifices, found  below the orifice  of the
vena cava superior in  the right auricle, which are
supposed to  be the openings of veins.
  FORATIO, Trepanning.
  FORCE, from fortis, 'strong.'   Via, Poten'tia,
Energla, Dy'nami8, Cratos.  Any power which
produces an  action.  Those powers which are in-
herent in organization are called vital forces. AVe
say, also, organic force, and muacular force, to
designate that of the organs in general, or of the
muscles  in  particular.  To the  latter the word
Dynamia, hwapis, corresponds; and the absence of
this force is  termed adyndmia.  The vital forcea
have  to  be  carefully  studied by the pathologist.
The doctrine of diseases is greatly dependent on
their  augmentation or  diminution;  freedom or
oppression, Ac.
  Force of Assimilation, Plastic force—f. Cata-
lytic, see Catalysis—f. of Formation, Plastic force
—f. Germ, Plastic force — f. Metabolic, see Meta-
bolic  force—f. of Nutrition, Plastic force — f. of
Vegetation,  Plastic force—f. Vital, Aris vitalis—/.
 Vitale, Vis vitalis.
  FORCE-REAL, MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
The name of a mountain, situate  four leagues
from  Perpignan in France.  The water is chaly-
beate.
  FORCEPS, qua.si,ferricep8, from ferrum, 'iron,'
and capio,  ' I  take.'  Pincers, Labia,  Volael'la.
An instrument  for removing bodies,  which it
would be inconvenient  or impracticable to seize
with the fingers.   (F.) Pincea, Pincettca.  There
are various  kinds of forceps, 1.  The ordinary
kind, contained in every  dressing-case, for re-
moving lint, Ac. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin-
ces d  anneaux.  2.  Diaaecting or Lig'titure or Ar-
te'rial Forcep8, (F.) Pincea d dissection, P. d liga-
ture, to lay  hold of delicate parts.  3. Polypus
Foreepa, Tooth Foreepa, Foreepa of Muaeux for
laying hold  of the tonsils or other parts to be re-
moved.  4.   The Bullet  Foreepa, Strombul'cns,
(Fr.) Tireballe.   5.  The  Lithot'omy  Forceps,
Lithol'abon,  Lithogo'gum, Tenac'ula,  Volsel'la,
which resembles the Craniotomy Forceps,  (F.)
 Tenettes.
   Forceps is also an instrument used by obstetri-
cal practitioners to embrace the head,  and bring
it through the pelvis.  It consists of two branches,
blades or levers; one  of which, in the case of the
short forceps, is passed over the ear of  the child,
and the other opposite to  the former, so that the
blades may  lock.  AVhen the head is secure! in-
cluded  between the blades, the operation of ex-
traction can be commenced.  See Parturition.
   Forceps, see Corpus callosum—f. Anterior, see
 Corpus callosum — f. Arterial, see Forceps — f.
 Bullet,  see  Forceps—f.  Craniotomy, see Forceps
—f. Deceptoria, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see
 Forceps—f. of  Museux, see Forceps—f. Polypus,
 see Forceps—f. Tooth, see Forceps.
   FORD'S   BALSAM  OF HOREHOUND, see
 Balsam of horehound.
   FOREARM, Anti bra'chium, Pygme, Pars infe-
 rior bra'chii, Cu'bitus, (F.) Avant-braa.  The part
 of the upper extremity,  comprised between the
 arm and the hand.  It  is composed of two bonea
 —radiua and ulna—and 20 muscles.
   FOREHEAD, Front,
   FORENSIC  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy —£
 Medicine, Medicine, legal. 
FORES
387
FOSSES
  FORES, Genital organs.
  FORESKIN, Prepuce.
  FORFEX, Scissors—f. Dentaria, Dentagra.
  FORF1CILA  AURICULA'RIA, Earwig.  An
insect of the Order Orthoptera, which occasion-
ally enters the meatus auditorius externus, and
excites  intense pain.  It may be destroyed by
tobacco-smoke, or by oil  poured into the meatus.
  FORGES, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Forges
is situate  four leagues from Gournay, in the  de-
partment  of Seine  Infeneure, France.  There
are three  springs, which  are  acidulous  chaly-
beates.  These are called Royal, Reinette, and Car-
dinal, in  honor of Louis XIII., Queen Anne of
Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who  used them.
  FORMATIVE, Plastic.
  FOR.MI'CA, Myrmex.   The ant  or pismire.
(F.) Four mi. It contains an acid juice and gross
oil, which were  formerly  extolled as aphrodi-
siacs. The chrysalides of the animal are said to be
diuretic and carminative; and have been used in
dropsy.  2. Also the name of a black wart,vuer-
nlca formica'ria, with  a  broad base and cleft
surface ; so called because the pain  attending it
resembles the biting of an ant, pvppnxia, myrme'-
cto. — Forestus.  3. A varicose tumour on  the
anus and glans penis.  4. Also, miliary herpes.
  Formica  Ambulatoria, Herpes  circinatus —
f. Corrosive, Herpes exedens.
  FORM'ICANT, Myrmc'cizon, Formi'cana, from
formica,  'an ant'  (F.)  Fourmillant.  An epi-
thet given to the  pulse, Pulaus formi'cana, when
extremely  small, scarcely perceptible, unequal,
and communicating a sensation like that of  the
motion  of an ant through a thin texture.
  FORMICA'TION, Formica'tio,  Myrmecias'-
mua, Myrmeci'asis,  Myrmecia'mua, Myrmeco'aia,
Stupor formi'cana.   Same etymon.   (F.) Four-
millement.   A pain, compared with  that which
would be  caused by a number of ants creeping on
a part.
  FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenus.
  FOR'MULA, from forma, 'a form.'  (F.) For-
mule, Ordonnanee.  The receipt for the formation
of a compound medicine; a prescription.
  FORM'ULARY, Formula''rium, Codex medica-
menta'rius, Ntirthe'cia, Narthe'cium, Narthex.  A
collection of medical formulas or receipts.
  FORMULE, Prescription.
  FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro-
form.
  FORNIX, 'an  arch or vault' For'nix cer'ebri,
 Cam'era,  Fornix trilat'erua, Paalia,  Psalid'ium,
 Testu'do cer'ebri, Arena mednlla'ria, (F.) Trigone
cerebral — (Ch.,) Voute A  troia piliers, Triangle
Hhiullaire.  A medullary body in  the brain,
below the corpus callosum  and above the middle
ventricle, on the  median  line.  This body, which
is curved  upon itself, terminates  anteriorly by a
prolongation, which constitutes its anterior pillar
or ci'iit, (F.) Pilier anterieur, and  posteriori}7 by
two similar prolongations, called posterior pillara
or crura.   See Achicolum, and Vault.
  Fornix  Cerebri, Fornix.
  FORPEX, Scissors.
  FORTIFIANT, Corroborant, Tonic.
  FORTRAITURE, Hysteralgia.
  FOSSA, Fo'vea, from fodio, 'I dig.'  Scamma.
A cavity of greater or less depth, the  entrance to
which is always larger than the base.  The fossas
of bones have been called simple, when  they belong
to one  bone only, as the parietal fosaa;  and
compound, (F.) Fosses composees,  when  several
concur  in their formation, as the orbitar fossa,
tanfioralfoasa, Ac.
  Fossa Amyg'daloid, Amyg'daloid excavdtion.
Tho space  between the anterior  and posterior
pillars of the  fauces, which is  occupied by the
tonsils.
  Fossa Amyn't.e.  A kind of bandage, used in
fractures of the nose; so called, by Galen, from
Amyntas of Rhodes, its inventor.  It consisted
of a long band, applied round the head, the turns
of which crossed at the root of the nose.
  Fossa Canina,  Canine fossa.
  Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) Fosse cirebelleuse.  The
inferior occipital fossa, which  lodges  the corre-
sponding portion of the cerebellum.
  Fossa Corona'lis, Coro'nal or frontal foaea.
A depression on the orbitar plate of  the frontal
or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe
of the brain.
  Fossa Coronoi'dea, Cor'onoid foasa.  A cavity
before the inferior extremity of the humerus, in
which the coronoid process  of the ulna is engaged
during the flexion  of the forearm.
  Fossa Cotyloidea, see  Cotyloid.
  Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digas'trica.  A deep
groove  on the mastoid  portion of the temporal
bone, which gives origin to the digastric muscle.
  Fossa Ethmoida'lis, Ethmoid fossa.   A shal-
low  gutter on the upper surface of  the cribri-
form  plate of the ethmoid bone,  on which  is
lodged  the  expanded portion  of the olfactory
nerve.
  Fossa Genu, Poples.
  Fossa Guttura'lis, Gut'tural fossa.   The de-
pression which forms the guttural region of the
base of the cranium, between the foramen mag-
num and posterior nares.
  Fossa Hyaloidea, see  Hyaloid (Fossa) — f.
Iliac, see Iliac fossas — f.  Infra-orbitar, Canine
fossa—f. Infra-spinous, see Infra-spinata fossa.
  Fossa  Innominata.  The  space  between the
helix and antihelix of the ear.
  Fossa, Ischio-rectal, Perineal fossa—f. Ju-
gularis, Jugular fossa- -f. Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal
fossa—f. Magna  Muliebris,  Vulva — f. Magna
Sylvii, Fissura Sylvii.
  Fossa, Mental, Foasa menta'lis.  A small de-
pression on each  side of the symphysis on the
anterior surface of the body of the  maxilla infe-
rior, for the attachment of  muscles.
  Fossa Navicularis, Navicular fossa.
  Fossa  Occipita'lis,   Occip'ital fossa.   The
occipital fossas are four in number ; the superior
or cerebral, and the inferior or cerebellous. They
are separated  by a groove, which lodges the late-
ral sinus.
  Fossa  Ovalis,  see Ovalis  fossa — f. Palatina,
Palate—f. Perinasi, Perineal fossa — f. Pituitaria,
Sella Turcica.
  Fossa  Poplite'a, Poplite'al fossa.  The hol-
low of the ham ;—the popliteal region.
  Fossa  Scaphoides, Navicularis fossa—f. Sub-
orbitar, Canine fossa.
  Fossa, Subpyram'idal, F. subpyramida'lis.  A
deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe-
nestra rotunda in the middle ear, remarkable for
its constancy, and pierced by several foramina at
the bottom.
  Fossa Supra-sphenoidalis, Pituitaria fossa—
f. of  Sylvius,  Ventricle, fifth—f. Umbilicalis, see
Liver.
  Fossae Cerebra'les, Cer'ebral fossa.  Fossas
or excavations at the base  of the cranium.  They
are nine in number; three occupy the median
line, and three are placed at each side.  They are
distinguished  into anterior, middle, and posterior.
   Foss.e Digitales, see Impression.
  FOSSE  BASILAIRE,  Basilary  fossa—/.
Sous-Spineuse, Infra-spinata  fossa—/.  Sus-epi-
ueuse. Fossa supra-spinata.
  FOSSES  CONDYLOID1ENNES, Condylo- 
FOSSE TTE
3S8
FR2ENUM
idea foramina—-f. Na8alea, Ouvertures posterieurea
dea, Nares, posterior.
  FOSSE TTE, (F.) Diminutive of fossa.   Scro-
bic'ulus, Both'rion.  Several depressions  are  so
called.  A dimpled chin, Fossette du menton, con-
sists in a. slight depression, which certain persons
have on the chin.  2. A dimple of the cheek, (F.)
Fossette dea jouea, a depression which  occurs  on
the cheeks of certain persons when they laugh.
Scrobic'ulua cordis,  Anti car'dion, Pracor'dium,
(F.) Fossette du cceur.  The depression observed
on a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the ante-
rior and inferior part of the chest.   It is, also,
called pit of the stomach, (F.) Creux de lestomac.
  FOSSETTE, Fos'sula, A'nulus, Bothrium, is
also a small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the
centre of  which is deep.
  FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE DU QUATRI-
EME  VENTRICULE, Calamus scriptorius—/.
du  Caair,  Scrobiculus cordis.
  FOSSORIUM, Fleam.
  FOSSULA, Argema, Fossa, Foaaette, Fovea.
  FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, see Pilulae aloes et
colocynthidis.
  FOTUS, Fomentation—f. Communis, Decoctum
papaveris.
  FOU, Insane.
  FOUGERE FEMELLE, Asplenium filix foe-
mina, Pteris aquilina—-/.  Grande, Pteris aquilina
—f. Male, Polypodium filix mas.
  'FOULURE, Sprain.
  FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotropheum.
  FOURCHE, (F.),fourche, 'cleft;' from furca,
'a  fork.'   Apo8te'ma  Phalan'gum.   A French
provincial term for small abscesses which form on
the fingers and hands of working-people.  Also,
an  instrument, invented by M. J. L. Petit, for
compressing the ranine  artery in cases of hemor-
rhage from that vessel.
  FO UR CHETTE', Furcil'la, a little fork. Fur'-
cula.  A surgical instrument used for raising and
supporting the  tongue, during the operation  of
dividing the frasnum.
  Fourchette,  in anatomy,  is,  1. The  posterior
commissure of the labia majora, called also, Fra-
uum and  Fur'cula Labio'rum.   2. The cartilago
ensifonuis : so called from its being  sometimes
cleft like a fork.  Also, the semilunar notch at
the  superior   or  clavicular  extremity  of the
sternum.
  FOUR MI,  Formica.
  FOUR MIL LA NT, Formicant
  FO URMIL LEMENT, Formication.
  FOUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel.
  FOVEA, diminutive,  Fove'ola, from fodio, 'I
dig.'   Bothros.  A slight depression.   Foa'8ula.
The pudendum mullebre; see Arulva.   Also, the
foaaa navicularia.  A vapour-bath for the lower
extremities.
  Fovea Axillaris, Axilla — f. Elliptica, see
Crista Arestibuli — f. llemisphasrica,  see  Crista
Vestibuli — f. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal  fossa — f.
Oculi,  Orbit — f. Semi-elliptica, see Crista A'esti-
buli — f. Sulciformis, see Crista Arestibuli.
  FOA^EOLA, Fovea.
  FOXBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
  FOXGLOVE, Digitalis.
  FO YER, Fomes morbi.
  FRACTURA, Fracture —f. Dentis, Odonto-
olasis.
  FRACTURE, Fractu'ra, from frangere, ffac-
tum, 'to  break,' 'bruise.'  Catag'ma,  Catag'ma
Fractu'ra, Catax'ia, Clitsis, Clasma, Agme, Ag-
ma, Diar'rhage.  A solution  of  continuity in a
bone, Osteoc'lasis. A simple fracture is when the
bone only is divided.  A comjiound fracture is a
division of the bone with a wound of the  integu-
ments commnnicating with the bone,—the bone,
indeed, generally protruding.  In  a com'minuted
fracture,  Alphite'don,  a^tpirqiov,  Carye'don Ca-
tag'ma, xapvniov xaraypa, the bone  is  broken into
several  pieces;  and  in a complicated fracture
there is, in addition  to the  injury done  to tho
bone, a  lesion of some considerable vessel, ner-
vous trunk, Ac.  Fractures are also termed trans-
verae, oblique, Ac, according  to their direction.
The treatment of fractures consists, in general, in
reducing the fragments when displaced; maintain-
ing them when reduced; preventing the  symp-
toms, which may be likely to arise;  and combating
them when they occur.  The reduction of fractures
must be effected by extension, counter-extension,
and coaptation. The parts are kept in apposition
by position, rest,  and an  appropriate apparatus.
The position must vary according  to the kind of
fracture. Commonly, the fractured limb is  placed
on  a horizontal or slightly inclined plane, in a
state of  extension; or rather in  a middle state
between  extension and flexion, according to the
case.
  FRACTURE  EN RAVE, Raphanedon.
  Fracture of  the  Radius, Barton's, Bar-
ton'a Fracture.   A  term applied to a fracture of
the  lower extremity  of the radius,  which com-
mences at the articular surface, and  extends up-
wards  for an inch or  more, to terminate  on the
dorsal aspect.  Owing to the extensor muscles
drawing  up the  separated portion of  the  bone,
and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which
has been confounded with simple dislocation.  In
consequence of the fracture having been well de-
scribed  by  Dr. John Rhea Barton,  of Philadel-
phia, it is often called  after him.
  FRACTURES  PAR  RESONNANCE, see
Contrafissura.
  FRiENA EPIGLOT'TIDIS, Glosso-epiglottic
ligaments — f.  Morgagnii, F. of  the  A'alve of
Bauhin.
  Frasna of the Valve of Bauhin, (F.) Freins
de la valvule de Bauhin.  A name  given by Mor-
gagni to the projecting lines formed  by the junc-
tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo-
ccecal valve.  They are also  called Franu and
Retinae'ula Morgagn'ii.
  FRENULUM, see  Frasnum, Bride — f. Clito-
ridis, Frasnum clitoridis—f. Labiorum, Fourchette
—f. Novum, Tasnia semicircularis.
  Frenulum  Veli Medulla'ris Anterio'ris.
A narrow slip, given off by the commissure of the
encephalic testes, which strengthens the junction
of the testes with the valve of Vieussens.
  FRJENUM.  Fre'num; (F.) Frein, 'a bridle.'
Fra'nulum, Filel'lum, Filamen'tum.   ' A  small
bridle.'   A bridle.  Names given to several mem-
branous  folds, which  bridle  and retain certain
organs.
  Fraenum Ci.itor'idis,  Fra'nulum  Clitor'idii,
(F.) Frein  du  Clitoria.   A  slight duplicature
formed  by the union of the internal portions of
the upper extremity of the nymphas.
  Fra:num Glandis,  F. Penis.
  Fraenum Labio'rum,  (F.) Frein dea  levres.
There are two of these; one for  the upper, the
other for the lower lip.   They unite these parts
to  the maxillary bone, and are  formed  by the
mucous  membrane of  the mouth.   Also, the
Fourchette.
  Frjenum Linguae,  Fra'nulum  seu  Vin'eulum
Lingua,  Glossodes'mua, File'tum, (F.) Filet^ OU
Frein  de la langue, is a triangular  reflection,
formed by the mucous  membrane  of the mouth,
and situate between the inferior  paries of that
cavity and the  inferior surface  of the tongue.
When the fraenum extends as far as the extre- 
FRAGARIA
mity of the tongue, it cramps ite movements, in-
terferes with sucking, Ac.  This inconvenience
is  remedied by carefully snipping it with a  pair
of scissors.  The French call this Voperation du
filet.
   FiiyENUM Penis, F. seu Fra'nulum seu Vin'cu-
lum Prapu'tii, F. Glandis,  Cynodca'mion, Cyno-
tles'mna, Yin'culum Oanlnum, (F.) Filet ou Frein
de la  verge,  is  a membranous reflection which
fixes the prepuce to the lower part of the glans.
AVhen too short, it prevents the  prepuce from
eliding over the glans.
   Fk.unum Praeputii, F. Penis.
   ERAGA'RIA, from fragro, 'I smell sweetly.'
The  Strawberry, Fragdria vesca seu  vulga'ria
seu aemper-florena,  Chtima'batoa, (F.)  Fraiaier.
The fruit is agreeable and wholesome, and the
roots have been used as tonic and slightly diure-
tic.   The fruit is the Fragrum, xopapov of the an-
cients ; (F.)  Fraise.
   Fkagaria Anserina, Potentilla anserina—f.
IVntaphyllum, Potentilla reptans—f. Tormentilla
officinalis, Potentilla tormentilla.
   Frac.a'riA  A'irgi.nia'na,  Wild  Strawberry.
An indigenous plant, which  has astringent leaves.
   FRAGILE VITREUM,  Fragilitas ossium.
   FRAGIL'ITAS, Ruptibilitas, from frango, 'I
break.'   Fragility,  Brittleness.   The  state  of
being easily  broken or torn.
   Fragil'itas Os'sium, Osteopsafhyro'sia, Bril-
tleness of the bonea, Friability of the bonea, Pa-
ros' tin frag"ilia, Frag"He vit'reum.  Pathologists
have given this name to the  extreme facility with
which bones break in certain diseases of the os-
seous  texture.  It is owing  to a deficiency of the
animal matter.        j
   FRAGMENT,  Fragmen'tum,  Fragmen,  Ra-
men'tnm, from frangere, 'to  break.'   The French
use this term for the  two portions of a fractured
bone; thus, they speak  of  the superior and the
inferior fragment.
   Fragments,  Prec"ious." A name  formerly
given,  in  Pharmacy, to the garnet,  hyacinth,
emerald, sapphire and topaz.  The Arabs falsely
attributed to them cordial and alixiterial proper-
ties.
   FRAG ON, Ruscus.
   FRAGUM, see Fragaria.
   ERA ISC, see Fragaria.
   FRAISIER, Fragaria.
   PR AMBffi'SIA,  Framba'sia, Lepra fungif-
era, from Framboise, (F.) 'A raspberry.'  Sypll-
ilis Indica, Anfhra'cia ru'bula, Thymio'sis, Thy-
mio'sis seu Lues Iildica, Vari'ola Amboinen'sis,
Ltpra fungif'era, Scroph'ula Moliicca'na.  The
 Vans, Epian, Plan.  A disease of the Antilles
and of Africa,  characterized by tumours,  of  a
contagious character, which resemble strawber-
ries,  raspberries, or champignons; ulcerate,  and
are accompanied by  emaciation.  The Pian, for
bo the Indians call it, differs somewhat in  Ame-
rica and Africa.
   Pian  of Amcr'ica,  Frambce'sia America'na,
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs under
similar circumstances with  the  next, and seems
to be transmitted by copulation.   The tumours
have a similar form, and are  greater in propor-
tion to their paucity.  In  some cases they are
mixed with ulcers.
   Pian of Guin'ca, Frambce'sia Guineen'sis, An-
thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, if common amongst
the negroes, especially in childhood and youth.
It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe-
rent parts, and especially mi the organs of gene-
ration and around  the  anus; these spots disap-
pear,  and are  transformed into  an  eschar, to
which an excrescence succeeds, that grows slowly,
and has ihe shape above described.
FRAXINUS AMERICANA
  The treatment is nearly the same  in  the  two
varieties.  The tumours will  yield to mercurial
friction, when  small.  AVhen large, they must be
destroyed by  caustic.  In both cases, mercury
must be given  to prevent a recurrence.
  An endemic disease resembling yaws was ob-
served in the Feejee Islands  by the  medical  offi
cers of the United  States'  Exploring Expedition.
It is called by the natives Dthoke.
  Frambcesia Illyrica, Scherlievo — f. Scotica,
Sibbens.
  FRAMBOISE, Rubus idasus.
  FRANCOLIN, Attagen.
  FRANGES SYNO VIALES, Synovial glands.
  FRANGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula.
  FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,  see  Pinus
abies—f. True, Juniperus lycia.
  FRANZENSBAD,  FRANZBAD, or FRANZ-
ENSBRUNN,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.   A
celebrated water at Eger, in  Bohemia,  which
contains  sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, aud
carbonic acid  gas.  The springs are also called
Franzensbrunnen.
  FRAPPER, Percuss.
  FRASERA  CAROLINIENSIS, see Calumba
—f. Officinalis, see Calumba—f. AValteri, see  Ca-
lumba.
  PRATER UTERINUS. see Uterinus frater.
  FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia.
  FRATRATIO, Adelphixia.
  FRAXINELLA  DICTAMNUS,  Dictamnus
albus—f. AVhite, Dictamnus albus.
  FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA, WhibAsh;  and
  Fraxinus Quadrangula'ta, Blue Ash, indi-
genous ;  have bitter and astringent barks,  and
have been used as  antiperiodics.
  Fraxinus Apetala, F. excelsior—f. Aurea, F.
excelsior—f. Crispa, F. excelsior—f. Excelsa, F.
excelsior.
  Frax'inus Excel'sior.  The systematic name
of the  Ash tree, Frax'inus, Omits seu  Fraxinus
sylves'tris, Fr. apelala seu au'rea seu crispa seu
excelsa seu pen'dula seu verrnco'sa, Bume'lia seu
Macedon'ica Fraxinus, Bumelia.  Ord. Oleaceas.
(F.) Frene.   The  fresh bark  has a moderately
strong, bitterish taste.   It has been said to  pos-
sess resolvent  and diuretic qualities, and has been
given in  intermittents.  The seeds, called  Birds'
tongues,  Lingua avis, Omithoglos'sa, have been
exhibited as diuretics, in the dose of a drachm.
Its sap has been extolled against deafness.
  Fraxinus Florifera,  F.  ornus — f. Macedo-
nia, F. excelsior.
  Fraxinus  Ornus, Fraxinus me'lia seu pani-
cula'ta seu florifera,  Ornus mannif era seurotun-
difo'lia.   The systematic name of the tree whence
manna flows.  This substance is also called Manna
Calabrlna, Roa Calabri'nua, Aerom'eli, Droaom'-
eli, Drysom'eli, Mel ac'rium, Succus omi concre'-
tus.  In  Sicily, not only the Fraxinus Ornus, but
also the F. rotun di folia a ndF. excelsior are regular-
ly cultivated for the purpose  of procuring manna,
which is their condensed juice. In  the Ph. U. S.
it is assigned to Ornus Europaa.  Manna is in-
odorous, sweetish,  with  a very slight degree of
bitterness : in friable flakes,  of a whitish or  pale
yellow colour; opake, and soluble in water  and
alcohol.   It is laxative, and is used as a  pur-
gative for children, who  take it  readily on ac-
count of its sweetness.  More generally it is em-
ployed as an adjunct to other purgatives.  Dose,
gss to  51.J.   Its  immediate principle is  called
Mannite or Mannin. This has been recommended
by Magendie  as a substitute for manna.  Dose,
Jjij, for children.
  Fraxinus Paniculata, F. ornus—f. Quadran
gulata,  see  F. Americana — f. Rotundifolia, F,
ornus. 
FRAYEUR
390
i
FROISSEMENT
  FRAYEUR NOCTURNE, Panophobia.
  FRECKLES, Ephelides.
  FREEMAN'S  BATHING SPIRITS,  see Li-
nimentum saponis compositum.
  FRELV, Frasnum—/. du  Clitoria, Frasnum
clitoridis—/. de la Langue, Frasnum linguas—/.
dea Levrea, Frasnum laborium—/. de la Verge,
Frasnum penis.
  FREINS DE  LA VAL VULE DE BA UHIN,
Fraena of the valve of Bauhin.
  FREINAVALDE,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve leagues
from Berlin. They contain chloride of  sodium,
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul-
phate of lime, carbonates of lime and magnesia,
iron, Ac, and are used in asthenic diseases.
  FREM1SSEMENT, Shuddering.
  FREMISSEMENT CAT AIRE  (F.), 'Cat's
purr.'  Purring Tremor.   Laennec has given this
name to the agitation which  is sensible to the
hand, when  applied on  the precordial region,
and which he considers a sign of  ossification or
other contraction of the auriculo-ventricular open-
ings.  The name was chosen by  him from the
analogy of the sound to the purring of a  cat.
  FREMITUS, Brui88ement, Fremiasement, Shud-
dering.
  The Pec'toral or Vocal Frem'itua, Pectoral Vi-
bra'tion, Tactile vibration, is an obscure  diffused
resonance of the  voice,  which is  felt when the
hand is  applied to the chest
  FRENA, Alveolus.
  FRENE,  Fraxinus excelsior—/.  Epineux,
Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
  FRENULUM, see Frasnum.
  FRENUM, Frasnum.
  FRET, Chafing, Herpes.
  FRETILLEMENT, Fidgets.
  FRICATIO, Friction.
  FRICATORIUM, Liniment.
  FRICE,   Fricum,  Frico'nium.   A medicine
which the ancients employed under the  form of
friction.  They distinguish the Frice siceum and
F. molle.—Gaubius.
  FRICONIUM, Frice.
  FRICTA, Colophonia.
  FRICTIO, Friction —f. Humida, see  Friction
—f. Sicca,  see Friction.
  FRICTION,  Fric'tio,  Frica'tio, Anat'ribe,
Anatrip'sis, Trypsis,  Chirap'sia,  from  fricare,
'to rub.'  The action of rubbing  a part of the
surface of the body more or  less forcibly, with
the hands, a brush, flannel, Ac, constituting Xe-
rotrib'ia, Xerotrip'aia, Fric'tio  aicca or dry fric-
tion ; or with ointments, liniments, tinctures, Ac,
constituting moiat friction, Fric'tio hu'mida.  It
is a useful means for exciting the action of the
skin.
  Friction Sound, Bruit de frottement.
  FRICTRIX, Tribade.
  FRICTUM, Liniment.
  FRICUM, Frice.
  FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants.
  FRIGID, Frig"idua,  (F.) Froid: same  ety-
mon as Frigidity.  Cold.  Not easily moved to
sexual desire ; Imbellia ad ven'erem. Impotent.
  FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold.
  FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itaa,  from frigidum,
'cold.'  A  sensation of cold.  Also, impotence,
and sterility.  Frigidity of the stomach is a state
of debility of that organ, imputed  to excessive
venery,—the Anorex'ia exhausto'rum of Sauvages.
  FRIGIDUS, Frigid.
  FRIGORIFTC, from frigua, 'cold,'  and fio,
' I make.'  That which has the power of produc-
ing  cold.   The  best Frigorific Mixtures are
the following.   Their effects  are  owing to the
rapid absorption of heat when solids pass into
the liquid state.

      Frigorific Mixtures with Snow.
        Jlixturea.
Snow,  or  pounded  ice, two
  parts by weight ;
Chloride of Sodium.......1.
Snow or pounded ice......5.1
Chloride of Sodium.......2.)
Mur. of Ammonia.........1. ]
Snow or pounded ice......24. J
Chloride of Sodium.......10. |
Muriate of Ammonia......5. J
Nitrate of Potash.........  5.)
Snow or pounded ice......12. j
Chloride of Sodium.......  5.)
Nitrate of Ammonia.......  5. J
Dilut. Sulph. Acid........2.)
Snow...................  3. j
Concentr. Mur. Acid.......  5. )
Snow...................  8. j
Concentr. Nitrous Acid....  4.
Snow...................  7.
Chloride of Calcium.......  5.
Snow...................  4.
Crystal! Chloride of Calcium 3.)
Snow...................  2. J
Fused Potash.............4. j
                            )
Therm, falls.
  r
     to—5°
si
to—12°
to—18°
Snow...................  3.
  to—25°
from+32°
  to—23°
from+32°
  to—27°
from-r32°
  to—30°
from+32°
  to—40°
from+32°
  to—50°
from+32°
  to—51°
  Frigorific  Mixtures may also be made by the
rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or
ice.  The salts must be finely powdered and dry. -

     Frigorific Mixtures without Snow.
        Mixturea.
Mur. of Ammonia...........5.
Nitrate of Potash........... 5.
AVater......................16.
Mur. of Ammonia........... 5.
Nitrate of Potash........... 5.
Sulphate of Soda............ 8. i
AVater......................16. J
Nitrate of Ammonia......... 1. )
AVater...................... 1. J
Nitrate of Ammonia......... 1.
Carbonate of Soda.......... 1.
Water...................... 1.
Sulphate of Soda........... 3. )
Dilut. Nitrous Acid.......... 2. J
Sulphate of Soda........... 6.
Mur. of Ammonia........... 4.
Nitrate of Potash........... 2.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid......... 4.
Sulphate of Soda............ 6.
Nitrate of Ammonia......... 5.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid......... 4.
Phosphate of Soda.......... 9. )
Dilut Nitrous Acid......... 4. j
Phosphate of Soda.......... 9.
Nitrate of Ammonia......... 6.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid......... 4
Sulphate of Soda.........
Muriatic Acid.............. 5
Sulphate of Soda............ 5. )
Dilut. Sulphuric Acid.......4. J
:)
Therm, falls.
  from+500
    to—10°
from+50°
  to+lU0

from+50°
  to+ 4°
from+50°
  to- 7°
from+50°
  to— 3°

from+50°
  to—10°

from+50°
  to—14°

from+50°
  to—12°
from+50°
  to—21°
from-+50o
  to— 0°
from+500
  to- 3°
  FRIGUS, Cold—f. Tenue. see Rigor.
  FRISSON, Rigor.
  FRISSONNEMENT, Horripilation.
  FROGLEAF, Brasenia Hydropeltis.
  FROG TONGUE, Ranula.
  FROGS'  SPAAVN, Sperma ranarum.
  FROID,  Cold, Frigid—/. Glacial, Ice-cold.
  FROISSEMENT, (F.) 'Rubbing, bruising.'
  FROISSEMENT PTIJMONAIRE, Bruit de
froiaaement pulmonaire,  Pulmonary  crumpling 
FROLEMENT
391
FUCUS
tound.  A name given by M. Fournet to a respi-
ratory sound, which communicates to the ear the
sensation of the rubbing (froiaaement) of a tex-
ture compressed against a hard body.   It is  by
no means well defined.     #
  FRfJLEMENT,  (F.)   'Grazing or touching
lightly.'
  FROLEMENT PERICARDIQUE, Bruit de
frClement pericardique.   Rustling noise of the
pericardium. A sound resembling that produced
by  the crumpling of a piece of parchment or of
thick silken stuff, accompanying  the systole and
diastole of the heart.  It indicates roughness of
the pericardium induced by disease.
  FROM AGE, Cheese.
  FROM EXT. Triticum.
  FR OXt 'EVENT,  Corrugation.
  FROSt'LE, Furunculus.
  FRONDE, Fun da.
  FRONT, Fron8, Meto'pon,  Forehead,  Brow.
That part of the visage, which extends from one
temple  to  the other,  and is comprised in a verti-
cal direction, between the roots of the hair and
the superciliary ridges.
  FRONTAL,  Fronta'lia.  Relating or belong-
ing to the front.  This name has been given to
several  parts. AVinslow, SSmrnering, and others,
call the anterior part of the  occipito-frontalis—
the frontal muscle or fronta'lis, Musculo'aa Frontis
Cutem movena aubatan'tia  Par (Vesalius).
  Frontal Artery,  A. supra-orbita'lis, is given
off  by the ophthalmic, which is itself a branch of
the internal carotid.   It makes its exit from  the
skull at the upper part of the base of the orbit,
and ascends the forehead between the bone and
the orbicularis palpebrarum ;  dividing into three
or  four  branches, which are distributed to  the
neighbouring muscles.
  Frontal Bone, Oa frontis, Oa corondle, Oa in-
verecun'dum, Meto'pon, Oa puppis, Oa Ratio'nia.
A double bone in the foetus,  single in  the adult,
situate  at the  base of the  cranium, and at the
superior part of the  face.   It forms the vault
of  the  orbit;  lodges  the  ethmoid  bone in  a
notch at its middle part;  and is articulated,
besides,  with the sphenoid, parietal,  and nasal
bones, the  ossa unguis, superior maxillary, and
malar bones.
  Frontal Furrow extends upwards from the
frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its
course,  to  lodge  the  upper part  of the superior
longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the
falx cerebri.
   Frontal Nerve, Palpebro-frontal—(Ch.,)  is
the greatest of the three branches of the ophthal-
mic nerve, — the first division of the 5th pair.
It proceeds along the superior paries of the orbit,
and divides into two  branches: — the  one, inter-
nal, which  makes its exit from the orbitar fossa,
passing beneath the pulley of the oblique muscle:
—the other, external, issuing from the same ca-
vity, by the foramen orbitarium superius.
   Frontal Protu'berance, Frontal  tuberoa'ity,
 Tuber fronta'le,  Suggritn'dium   supercilio'rum.
The  protuberance of the frontal bone above the
superciliary arch.
  Frontal  Si'nuses, Fronta'lea Sinus,  Meto-
pan'tra, Proaopan'tra, Sinua Supercilitlrea,   S.
piluittlrii frontia, Ca rem'a frontis, are two deep
cavities  in  the  substance of the  frontal  bone,
separated from  each other by a medium septum,
and opening, below, into the anterior cells of the
ethmoid bone.
   Frontal Spine, Crista inter'na,  is situate  in
the middle  of the under part of  the bone, and is
formed by the coalescence of the inner tables for
the attachment of the falx cerebri.
  Surgeons have given the name Fronta'lis to
a bandage or topical application to the forehead.
Such  have, also, been called rpoperwiri&ia and
avaxoWnpara.
  Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal protuberance.
  FRONTA'LE, from frona, 'the forehead.'  A
medicine applied to the forehead.
  FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS, Occipito-
frontalis.
  Frontalis  Aterus, Corrugator supercilii.
  FRONTODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
  FRONTO-ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  Cascum
foramen—/. Naaal, Pyramidalis nasi—/. So-ur-
cilier, Corrugator supercilii.
  FROSTBITE,  Congelation.
  FROSTAVEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, He-
lianthemum Canadense.
  FROSTAVORT, Helianthemum Canadense.
  FROTII%  from Gr. acipoc, 'froth.' (?)   Spn-
mo'aua,  (F.) Spumeux,  Ecumeux, Mousseux.  An
epithet  given  to the fasces or sputa, when  mixed
with air.
  FROTTEMENT, see Bruit de frottement.
  FROTTEMENT GLOBULAIRE.   A name
given by M.  Simonnet, to the pulse in aortic re-
gurgitation, when it  is jerking, and, in  well
marked cases, appears as if the blood consisted
of several little masses, which passed in succes-
sion under the finger applied to the artery.
  FRUCTIFICATIO,  Fecundation.
  FRUCTUS HOR^I, Fruit, (summer)—f. Im-
maturus,  Abortion.
  FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frugiv'orus,  from fruges,
'fruits,' and voro, 'I eat'   One that eats fruits.
  FRUIT, Fructus, from frui, 'to enjoy.' Carpos.
In  botany, the seed with  its enclosing pericarp.
In  a medical  sense it may be defined  to be :—
that part of a plant which is taken as food.  The
effects of fruits on the  body, in a medical as well
as a dietetical point of view, are various.   They
may be distinguished into classes : for, whilst the
 Cerealia, for  example, afford fruits, which  are
highly  nutritious, the Summer  Fruits  (Fructus
Hora'i,)  which  include strawberries,  cherries,
currants, mulberries, raspberries, figs, grapes, Ac,
are refrigerant and grateful, but afford little nou-
rishment
   FKI'IT-SUGAR, Glucose.
   FRUMENT, Fru'menty, Fur'menty, from fru-
mentum,  ' wheat' or 'grain,' quasi frugimentiim;
from fruges,  ' fruit,'   Pottage made of  wheat.
Food made of wheat boiled in milk.
   FRUMEN'TUM.  Same etymon.  Sitos.  Any
kind of grain from which  bread was  made;—
especially wheat,
   Fiiumentum, Triticum—f. Corniculatum, Ergot
—f. Cornutum, Ergot — f. Luxurians, Ergot — f.
 Temulentum, Ergot—f. Turgidum, Ergot
   FRUSTRATOIRE. (F.)  Any liquor, taken
 a short time  after eating, for the purpose of as-
 sisting digestion when difficult.   Sugared  water,
 eau aucree, or water with the addition of  a little
 brandy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly
 used for this purpose.
   FRUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIEXSTS, Caa-
 gbivuvo—f. Indicus spinosus, Cara schulli.
   FUCUS, F. vesiculous, Paint.
   Fucus Amyla'ceus, Jaffna Moss, Ed'ible Mos<,
 Ceylon Moss,  Plocdria can'dida, Gracildria li-
 cheno'i'dea, Spharococ'cua licheno'i'des, Giqarti'na
 licheno'ldea,   Fucua licheno'i'dea,  Marine  Moss.
 This moss belongs to the natural order Algas.  It
 was  introduced  some years ago  into England,
 from India.   It is white, filiform and fibrous, and
 has the usual odour  of sea-weeds.  Its medical
 properties are similar to those of Irish mos».
   Fucus, Bladder, F. vesiculosus.
   Fucus Crispus, Lichen Carrageen, Chondru*, 
                    FUGA

Ch. crispua, Spharococ'cus crispus, Ulva crispa,
Ohondrus polymor'phus, Irish moss, Carrageen or
Corrigeen moss, (F.) Mousse d'Irlande, M. perUe.
This Fucus, of the Natural Family Alga, is found
on the coasts of England, Ireland, AVestern France,
Spain, and Portugal, and as far  as the  tropics.
It is also a native  of the United States.  In Ire-
land, it is used by the poor as an article of diet.
As "met with in America, it is of a light yellow
colour, and resembles plates of horn, crisped and
translucent.  An agreeable jelly is obtained from
it by boiling it in water or milk, which forms a
good article  of diet in consumptive  cases.  Its
properties are indeed exactly like those of the
Iceland Moss.
  Fucus Helminthocorton, Corallina Corsica-
na — f. Inflatus, F. vesiculosus — f. Lichenoides,
F. amylaceus — f.  Saccharine, Rhodomela pal-
mata.
  Fucus Vesicclo'sus, F. infia'tus, Halidrys
ve8iculo'sa, Quercus Marina, Fucus, Bladder Fu-
cus,  Sea Oak,  Sea Wrack, Yellow  Bladder Wrack,
(F.)  Varec vesiculeux, Chene marin. It has been
said to be a useful assistant to sea-water, in the
cure of disorders of the glands. AVhen the wrack,
in fruit, is  dried, cleaned, exposed to a red-heat
in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced
to powder,  it forms  the yE'thiops  vegetab'ilis—
the Pulvis  Querc&a Marina of the Dublin  Phar-
macopoeia—which is used, like the burnt sponge,
in bronchocele and  other scrofulous  swellings.
Its efficacy depends on the iodine it contains.
Dose, gr. x to yij, mixed in molasses  or honey.
See Soda,
  FUGA DiEMONUM, Hypericum perforatum.
  FUGA'CIOUS,  Fugax,  from fugere, 'to fly.'
An epithet  given  to  certain  symptoms,  which
appear and  disappear almost immediately  after-
wards ; as a fugacious redness,—a fugacious swel-
ling,  Tumor fugax, Ac
  FUGAX,  Fugacious.
  FUGE, from fugo, 'I expel,' 'an'expeller.'  A
common suffix. Hence, Febrifuge, Vermifuge, Ac.
  FU'GILE, Fugil'la.  This  term has  several
acceptations.  It means, 1. The  cerumen of the
ear.   2. The nebulous suspension in, or deposi-
tion  from,  the urine.  3. An abscess near the
ear.—Ruland and Johnson. 4. Abscess in general.
  FUGILLA, Fugile.
  FULGUR, Astrape.
  FULIG"INOUS, Fuligino'sus,  Lignyo'des,(F.)
Fuligineux,  from fuligo, ' soot'   Having the co-
lour  of soot.  An  epithet given to certain  parts,
as the lips, teeth, or tongue, when they assume a
brownish colour, or rather, are  covered with a
coat of that colour.
  FULI'GO, Lignys, Soot, (F.) Suie, Ac.  Wood-
soot, Fuligo Ligni, consists of volatile alkaline
salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed alkali, Ac.  A tinc-
ture,  Tinctu'ra Fulig"ini8, prepared from it, has
been  recommended as a powerful antispasmodic
in hysterical  cases.   (Fulig.  lign. ^ij; potass.
subcarb. tbss; ammon. muriat. 5j ; aqua fiuviat.
Oiij. Digest for three .days.)  This tincture bears
the name Soot drops and Fit  drops.  An  oint-
ment of soot has been used in various cutaneous
diseases.
  Fuligo Alba Philosophorum, Ammoniae mu-
rias.
  FULIGO'KALI, from fuligo, 'soot,' and kali,
'potassa.'  This is an analogous preparation to
onthrakokali; soot being used in  the place  of
f.oal.  It is employed in the same  diseases.  What
might be regarded as a weak solution of fuligo-
kali  has been used  for many years in Philadel-
phia, under the names medical lye, soot tea, alka-
line solution, and dyspeptic lye.
  FULLERS' EARTH, Cimolia  purpurescens.
2                FUNCTION

  FULMEN, Astrape.
  FULMICOTON, see Collodion.
  FULNESS,  Reple'tio,  Plen'itude, Pletho'ra,
Reple'tion.  The state  of  being  filled.   Also,  a
feeling of weight or distention in the stomach or
other part of the system.
  FUMA'RIA,  Fuma'ria  officina'lis seu media,
Fttmus  terra,  Capnos,  Herba  melancholifuga,
Fu'mitory, Common Fu'mitory,  Fumiter'ra,  So-
la'men Scabioso'rum, (F.) Fumeterre.  The leaves
are extremely succulent, and have a bitter, some-
what saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of the  dried
leaves and the expressed juice of the fresh plant
have been extolled for their property of clearing
the skin of many disorders of the leprous kind.
  Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa,  F. cava seu major, Borck-
hausen'ia cava, Capno'i'des  cava, Aristolochi'a fa-
ba'cea seu cava  seu vulga'ris rotun'da, Coryd'alis
bulbo'sa seu cava seu tubero'sa, Capnor'chis.  The
root of this plant was formerly given as an emmena-
gogue and anthelmintic (F.) Fumeterre bulbeuse.
  Fumaria Cava, F. bulbosa—f. Major, F. bul-
bosa—f. Media,  Fumaria—f. Officinalis, Fumaria.
  FUMETERRE, Fumaria.
  FUMIGATIO,   Fumigation — f.  Antiloimica
Gaubii,  see Disinfection — f. Guytoniensis,  see
Disinfection—f. Smythiana, see Disinfection.
  FUMIGA'TION,  Fumiga'tio, from fnmua,
'smoke.'  Suffi'tus, Sitffit"io, Suffumindtio, Sitf-
fnmig"ium, Suffimen'tum, Apocapnis'mus, Thymi-
a'ma, Epithymia'ma, Hypothymia'ma, Hypothy-
mia'sis, Thymia'aia, Capnis'mos, Hypocapnie'moa,
Hypat'mus,  Hypatmis'mus, Anaihymidsis.   An
operation, the object of which is to fill a circum-
scribed  space with gas or vapour; with the in-
tention  either of purifying the air, of perfuming
it, or of charging it with a substance proper for
acting upon a part of the  surface of  the human
body.   Hence, fumigations have been  distin-
guished into aqueous, aromatic, sulphureoua, mer-
curial, diainfecting, Guytonian, Ac.  Benzoin ge-
nerally  constitutes the chief ingredient  in the
Fumigating Paatillca,  to which  any variety of
odoriferous substances  may be added.  The fol-
lowing is one formula:
  R. Benzoin, gy, caacarilla, .5SS>  myrrh, ^y,
ol. myriat., ol. caryoph.  aa,  gtt. x; potassa nitrut.
J^ss; carbon, lign. !Jvj ; mucil. trag. q. s.
  Fumigation,  Chlorine, see Disinfection — f.
Nitrous, see  Disinfection — f. Oxymuriatic,  see
Disinfection.
  FUMITERRA, Fumaria.
  FUMITORY, Fumaria,
  FUMUS ALBUS, Hydrargyrum—f.  Citrinus,
Sulphur-—f. Terras, Fumaria.
  FUNAMBULA'TIO, from funis, ' a cord,' and
ambuiare, ' to walk.'  An  exercise with  the an-
cients, which consisted in  scaling ropes.
  FUNCTION, Func'tio,  Ac'tio, (F.) Fonction;
from fungor,  'I act,'  'perform.'  The action of
an  organ or  system of organs.   Any act, neces-
sary for accomplishing a  vital phenomenon.  A
function is a special office in the animal economy,
which has as its instrument, an organ or appara-
tus  of organs.   Thus, respiration is  a function.
Its object is the conversion of venous into arte-
rial  blood, and its instrument is the lungs.  The
ancient physiologists divided the functions into
vital, animal, and natural.  They called vital func-
tions those which are essential to life, as innerva-
tion, circulation, respiration ; animal functions,
those which belong to the  encephalon;  viz.: the
functions of the intellect, the affections of the mind,
and the voluntary motions ;  and  natural func-
tions, Facultdtes seu Actio'nes natttrtlles, those
relating to assimilation, such as the actions of the
abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and exhalant
vessels,  Ac.  Bichat divided the functions into
3( 
FUNCTIONAL DISEASES        393          FURIA INFERNALIS
 those which relate to the preservation of the in- I
 dividual, and those that relate to the preservation
 of  the  species.   The former he subdivided into
 animal and  organic.  The animal  functions or
 functions of relation are those of the intellect,
 sensation, locomotion, and voice.   The organic
 functions include digestion, absorption, respira-
 tion, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and calori-
 fication.  The/unction*,  whose object is the pre-
 servation of the species—the organic, nutritive, or
 vegetative functions—are all those that relate to
 generation ; — such  as conception, gestation, ac-
 couchement, Ac.  Each  of these admits of nu-
 merous  subdivisions in  a complete  course of
 Physiology ;—for so the doctrine of the functions.
 is called.
   FUNCTIONAL DISEASES, see  Organic Dis-
 eases.
   FUND A, Sphen'done,  (F.)  Fronde.  A band-
 age, composed of  a fillet  or long compress, cleft
 at  its extremities to within about two inches of
 its middle.  It is used in diseases of the nose and
 chin, and especially in cases of fracture of the
 lower jaw.  In such case it has, also, been called
 Mentonuiere, because placed  beneath the chin;
 from (F.) Menton, 'the chin.'
   FUNDAMENT, Anus—f. Falling  down of the,
 Proctocele.
   FUNDAMEN'TAL,  from  fundare,  'to lie
 deeply.'  Some  anatomists have  called the sa-
 crum Os Fundamentdle, because it seems to serve
 as a base to the vertebral  column.  The sphenoid
 bone has likewise  been so denominated, from its
 being situate at  the base of the cranium.
   FUNDUS, (F.)  Fond.   The base of any organ
 which ends in a neck, or has an external aper-
 ture : as the Fundus vesicas, F. uteri, Ac.  Also,
 the A'ulva.
   Fundus Vaginae, Laquear vaginae.
  FUNES CORDIS, Columnas carneas—f. Semi-
 circulares, Semicircular canals.
   FUNGIFORM PAPILLA, see Papillas of the
 Tongue.
   FI'N'GOID, Fungo'i'des, Myco'des, Fungifor'-
 mis, Fun'giform, (F.) Fongoide, Fongiforme, from
 fungus, 'a mushroom,'and eioos, 'resemblance.'
 That which has the shape of, or grows in some
 measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or fun-
 giform papillas of the tongue.
  Fungoid Disease, Encephaloid.
  FUN<iOS'ITY,  Fungos'itas,  Caro luxu'rians,
 C. fungo'sa, Ecsarco'ma, Proud Flesh, Hypsersar-
 co'ma, Hypsersarco'sis, (F.) Fongosite.   The qua-
 lity of that which is fungous: — fungous excres-
 cence, Excrescen'tia fungo'sa.   The  fungosities
 which arise in wounds or ulcers  are easily re-
 pressed by gentle  compression, dry lint, the sul-
 phas  cupri, or other gentle caustics.  At times,
 the more powerful are  necessary, and  sometimes
 excision is required.
  FUNGUS,  Myces, (F.) Fongus, Champignon.
 The mushroom  order of plants; class  Cryptoga-
 mia, in  the Linnasan system.   In Pathology, the
 word is commonly used synonymously with  fun-
 gosity,  myco'sis.   M. Breschet has  proposed to
 restrict the term fungosity to vegetations which
 arise on denuded surfaces, and  to apply the term
 fungus  to the tumours which  form  in the  sub-
 stance of the textures, without any external ulce-
 ration.  Fici  and  warts,  for example, would be
 fungi of the skin.
  Fungus Albus  Saligneus,  Dasdalea suaveo-
 lens—f. Articuli, Spina ventosa—f. Bleeding, Has-
 matodes fungus — f.  Cancrosus hasmatodes, ne-
 matodes F. — f. Cancrosus medullaris,  see Ence-
 phaloid—f. Cerebralis. see Encephaloid—f. Cere-
 bri, Eneephnlocele—f. Chirurgorum,  Lycoperdon
—f. Cynosbati, Bedeguar—f. Hasmatodes, Hivma-
todes fungus—f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius—f.
Laricis, Boletus laricis—f. of Malta, Cynomorion
coccineum—f. Medullaris, see Encephaloid—f.
Melanodes, Melanosis—f. Melitensis, Cynomorion
coccineum—f. Petrasus marinus, Umbilicus mari-
nus—f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius—f. Rosarum,
Bedeguar — f. Salicis, Dasdalea suaveolens — f.
Sambucinus, Peziza auricula,
  FUNIC BELLOWS'  SOUND,  see  Bellows'
Sound, funic.
  FUNICULI GRAC'ILES, Poste'rior Mc'dian
Columns or Fascic'uli of the medulla oblonga'ta.
Along the posterior border of each corpus resti-
forme, and separated from it by a groove,  is a
narrow white cord, separated from its fellow by
the fissura longitudinalis posterior.  The pair of
cords are the funiculi  graciles.  Each  funiculus
forms an enlargement—processus clavatus—at its
upper end, and is then lost in the corpus resti-
forme.
  Funic'uli Sil'iqu^;.  Longitudinal fibres seen
in the groove which separates the corpus olivare
from the corpus pyramidale and corpus restiforme.
They enclose the base of the corpus olivare,—those
which lie on its inner side forming the funic'ulus
inter'nus ; and those on its outer side the funicu-
lus externus.
  FUNICULUS, Cord—f. Externus, see Funiculi
siliquas—f.  Internus,  see  Funiculi  siliquas — f.
Spermaticus, Spermatic cord—f. Tympani, Chorda
tympani.
  Funic'ulus Umbilicalis,  Funis umbilica'Us,
Intestin'ulum,  Vin'culum  umbilica'le, Umbilical
cord, Navel string, diminutive of Funis, 'a cord.'
(F.)  Cordon ombilicale.  A cord-like substance,
which extends from the placenta, to the umbilicus
of the foetus.  It is composed of the chorion, am-
nion,  an  albuminous secretion called the Jelly of
the  Cord, cellular substance, an umbilical vein,
and two umbilical arteries.  The former conveys
the  blood from  the placenta to the foetus — the
latter return it  All these  parts  are surrounded
by a sheath — Investitu'ra  seu Vagina funic'uli
umbilica'Us.  Its usual length is  from 16 to 22
inches.
  Funiculus Varicosus, Cirsocele.
  FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus—f. Argenteus, Medulla
spinalis—f. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo—f. Umbi-
licalis, Funiculus umbilicalis.
  FUNNEL, see Infundibulum.
  FUR, Enduit.
  FURCELLA,  Fur'cula; diminutive of furea,
'a fork.'  The upper part of the sternum, the
clavicle.   The Fourchette.
  Furcella Inferior, Xiphoid cartilage.
  FURCHMUHL,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
These  Bavarian  springs contain  carbonic  acid,
sulphuretted  hydrogen, carbonates of  lime  and
soda; chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides
of iron and magnesium, Ac.
  FURCILLA, Fourchette.
  FURCULA, Furcella, Clavicle, Fourchette.
  FUR EUR UTERINE, Nymphomania.
  FURFUR, Bran, Pit'yron, Ach'yron, Apobras'-
ma, Lemma, Cantabru'no, (F.) Son.  The decoc-
tion is sometimes employed as an emollient
  FURFURA, Scarf.
  FURFURA'CEOUS, from furfur,  'bran.'
Scurfy, Canica'ceous, Pithyri'nus, Pityro'ides, Pi-
tyro'des.   Resembling  bran.  A name given to
eruptions, in which the epidermis is detached in
small scales  resembling bran. Also, a bran-like
sediment observed at times in the urine;__Urina
furfura'cea, Sedimcn'tum Uri'na pityro'ides.
  FURFURATIO, Porrigo, Pityriasis
  FURFURISCA, Pityriasis.
  FU'RIA INFERNA'LTS.  A  kind of vermi-
form insect,  scarcely two lines long, common in 
FURIBUNDUS
394
GALACTOPHAGOUS
Sweden, which flies  about and stings both man
and  animals, exciting the  most  excruciating
torture.
  FURIBUNDUS, Maniodes.
  FURIOSUS,  Maniodes.
  FURIOUS, Maniodes.
  FURMENTY, Frument
  FURNAS,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.   A
thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores,
which  contains  carbonic  acid, and  carbonate of
iron.
  FURONCLE, Furunculus.
  FURON CLE GUEPIER. A malignant boil,
 Wasp's nest boil, which  generally  attacks the
nape and region of the heck, and  rarely others
than old people.  Hence it has  been called Old
People's boil.
  FUROR, Mania—f. Brevis, Rage—f. Mania,
Mania—f. Uterinus, Nymphomania.
  FURROW,  MENTO-LABIAL,   see Mento-
labial furrow.
  FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma—f. Ven-
triculus, see Furunculus.
  FURUN'CULUS, from furiare, 'to make mad.'
 Chladua,  Chloli, Doth'ien, Dothion, Furun'cuius
suppurato'rius, F. Verus, F. benig'nus, Phyma fu-
run'cuius, Absces'sus nuclea'tus, a furuncle, a
boil, a bile. (F.) Furoncle, Froncle, Clou. A small
phlegmon, which appears under the form of a
conical, hard,  circumscribed tumour, having its
seat in the dermoid texture.  At the end of an
uncertain period, it  becomes pointed,  white  or
yellow, and gives exit to pus mixed with  blood.
AVhen it breaks, a small, grayish,  fibrous mass
sometimes appears, which consists of dead areo-
lar tissue.  This is called the Core,  Seffast, Ven-
tric'ulus seu Nucleus Furun'culi, (F.) Bourbillon.
The abscess does not heal until after its separa-
tion.  The indications of treatment are,—to dis-
cuss  by  the  application of leeches and warm
fomentations;—or, if this cannot be done, to en-
courage suppuration  by warm, emollient  cata-
plasms.  AVhen suppuration is entirely established,
the part may be opened or suffered  to break, ac-
cording to circumstances.
  Furunculus Gangr^enosus, Anthrax—f. Ma-
lignus, Anthrax.
  FUSEE PURULENTE, (F.)  The long and
sinuous route which pus takes, in certain cases,
in making  its way to the surface.   These Fusees
almost always form beneath the skin between the
muscles; or along aponeuroses, bones,  tendons,
Ac.
  FUSEL  OIL, see Oil,  fusel.
  FUSIBLE, see Fusion.
  FUSIBILITY, see Fusion.
  FUSION, Fu'aio, Melting, Liquefaction; from
fundere, fnsum, 'to  melt'  In  chymistry, the
transition of a solid body into a liquid by the aid
of heat.  Substances capable  of  such transition
are said to  be fusible ; or to be possessed of fusi-
bility.
  FUSTIC TREE, Cladastris tinctoria.
  FUTUTOR,  Tribade.
G.
  The Greek G, T, with the ancient Greek phy-
sicians, signified an ounce.—Rhod.adScribonium.
  GABALLA, Cabal.
  GABELLA, Mesophryon.
  GABIR'EA, yafitpea.  A fatty kind of myrrh,
mentioned by Dioscorides.
  GJEOPHAGIA, Geophagism.
  GjEOPH'AGUS, from yata, ' earth,' and tpayw,
' I eat'  One who eats earth.
  GAGEL, Myrica gale.
  GAGUE SANG,  Caque-aang.
  GAHET,  Cagot.
  GAIAC, Guaiacum.
  GAILLET ACCROCHANT, Galium aparine
—g. Crochant, Galium aparine—g. Jaune, Galium
verum—g. Vrai, Galium verum.
  GAINE, Vagina or sheath—g. de I'Apophyse
atylo'ide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone—
g. de la veine porte, Vagina or sheath of the vena
porta.
  GALA, yala, genitive yalaxros, milk; hence:
  GALACTACRA'SIA,  from yala, 'milk,' and
uxpaata, ' imperfect mixture.'  A morbid mixture
or constitution of the milk.
  GALACTACRATIA, Galactia.
  GALACTiE'MIA, from  ya\a, yolaxros, 'milk,'
and 'aipa, ' blood.'   A condition of the  blood in
which  it contains milk.
  GALACTAGOGA, Galactopoietica.
  GALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema-
tosa.
  GALACTIA,  Galactirrhce'a,  Galactorrhoe'a,
from yala, 'milk.'  Lactia redundan'tia, Polyga-
lactia, Galactoze'mia.  A redundant flow of milk,
either in a female who is suckling, or in one who
is iiui-.  It may occur without being provoked by
cackling.  When to a great extent, it sometimes
causes wasting;  Tabes lac'tea, T.nutrlcum.  Dr.
Good uses Galac'tia, jn his Nosology, for 'morbid
flow or deficiency of milk,' Galactacratl a.
  GALACTICUS, Lactic
  GALACTIFER, Galactophorous.
  GALACTINE,  Casein.
  GALACTINUS, Lactic.
  GALACTIRRH03A, Galactia.
  GALACTIS, Galaxias.
  GALACTIS'CHESIS, Galactos'chesia, Lactis
reten'tio, from ya\a,  'milk,' and taxeiv,  'to re-
strain.'  Retention or suppression of milk.
  GALACTITES, Galaxias.
  GALACTOCATARACTA, Cataract, milky.
  GALACTO'DES, from yala, 'milk,'  and eilos,
'resemblance' In Hippocrates, the term signifies
milkwarm, and likewise a milky colour, as of the
urine—uj-i'na galacto'dea.
  GALACTODIiE'TA, Dia'ta lac'tea, from yala,
'milk,' and Siatra, 'diet'  A milk  diet.
  GALACTODIARRII05A, Coeliac Flux.
  GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot.
  GALACTOILE'MIA, Galactha'mia,from ya\a,
'milk,' and  'aipa, 'blood:' Lactis  sangiiino/en'ti
Excre'tio.  The secretion of bloody or  bloodlike
milk.
  GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,   Mastody-
nia apostematosa.
  GALACTOM'ETER, Lactom'eter, from yala,
' milk,'  and perpov, ' measure.'  An instrument
for appreciating the quantity of cream in milk.
It is a kind of graduated separatory or (prouvette
—the degrees on the scale indicating the thick-
ness of the layer of cream that forms on the sur-
face of the milk.
  GALACTON'CUS, Tumor lac'teus, from yala,
'milk,' and oyxos, 'a swelling.' A milk tumour.
  GALACTOPIPAGOUS,  Galactopllague, Lac-
tiv'orua,  sometimes used  substantively; from 
GALACTOPHORA
395
GALEOPSIS
yala,  'milk,'  and  tpayta,  'I eat'  That which
feeds on milk.  A name given to certain people,
with whom  milk  appears to constitute the chief
nourishment.
  GALACTOPHORA, Galactopoietica.
  GALACTOPH'OROUS, Galac'tifer, Lac'tifer,
Lactiferous, from  yala,  'milk,'  and tpepot,  'I
carry.'  That which carries milk.
  Galactoph'orous  or Lactif'erous Ducts,
are those which convey the milk, secreted by the
inainrnary gland,  towards the nipple, where their
external orifices are situate.  The Lacteals have
also been so called.
  G ALACTO P H'ORUS. Some accoucheurs have
given this name to an instrument intended to fa-
cilitate sucking, when the faulty conformation of
the nipple  prevents the child from laying hold
of it,
  GALACTOPII'VGUS, from yala, 'milk,' and
tpevyeiv, ' to shun.' That which arrests or disperses
the secretion of milk.  Hence Galactoph'yga Me-
dicamen'ta.
  C ALACTOPLA'NIA, Metastasis seu Aberrd-
tio  seu Via extraordindria lactis, Galactorrhce'a
erro'nea, from yala, 'milk,' and  irlavn, 'wander-
ing.'   Extravasation of milk into  the  areolar
membrane.   Secretion  of milk elsewhere than
from the breasts.
  G ALACTOPLERO'SIS, from yala, 'milk,' and
nlnpioots, ' repletion.'  Redundance of milk.
  GALACTOPOEA, Galactopoietica.
  GALACTOPOESIS, Galactosis.
  GALACTOPOIESIS, Galactosis.
  GALACTOPOIET'ICA, Galactoph'ora, Galac-
tago'ga, Galactopoe'a, from yala, 'milk,' and iroteta,
' I make.'   Substances, to which has been attri-
buted the property  of favouring the secretion of
milk and augmenting its quantity.
  OALACTOPO'SIA,  from  yala, 'milk,'  and
iroats, ' drink.'  The drinking of  milk.  Treat-
ment of a disease by means of milk.
  GALACTOP'OTES, Galactop'otus, Lactlpotor.
Same etymon.  A  drinker  of milk.   One sub-
jected to a milk diet.
  GALACTOPYRA, Fever, milk.
  GALACTOPYRETUS,  Fever, milk.
  GALACTORRHOSA, Galactia — g. Erronea,
Galactoplania — g.  Saccharata,   Saccharorrhcea

  GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saccharum lactis.
  GALACTOSCHESIS, Galactischesis.
  GALACTO'SIS,  Galactopoie'sis, Galactopoe'-
sis,  Secre'tio  lactis,  from  yalaxropat,  ' I  am
changed into milk.'  The secretion or formation
of milk.
  GALACTOT'ROPHE,  Galactotroph'ia,  from
yala, ' milk,'  and  rpotpn,  ' nourishment'   Nou-
rishment by means  of milk.
  GALACTOZE'MIA,  from  yala,  'milk,' and
fypia, 'loss.'  Loss  of milk.   Also, Galactia.
  GALACTU'CHOS,  from  yala, 'milk,'  and
t^tiv, 'to have.'  Suckling.   Giving milk.
  GALACTURIA, Chyluria.
  GALANGA, Maranta galanga.
  GALAXGAL,  Maranta galanga.
  GALANGALE,  Cyperus longus.
  GALARHCEUS  LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia la-
thyris—g.  Palustris, Euphorbia palustris.
  GALARIPS, Allamanda.
  GALAXIA,  Thoracic duct.
  GALAX'IAS,  Galactltes, Galac'tis.   A milk
stone.  A  stone  supposed to be capable of pro-
moting the  secretion of milk.
  GALBANUM, see Bubon galbanum—g. Long-
leaved, Bubon  galbanum.
  GAL'BULUS, from galbus, 'yellow.'  A kind
of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow colour
continues through life.  It is rather a defect in
colour than a disease.—A'ogel.
  GALE, Myrica gale—g. Odorant, Myrica gale
—g. Sweet,  Myrica gale.
  GALE, Psora—g. Canine,  Psoriasis—g. Epi-
demiqiie, Eczema — g. Miliaire,  Psoriasis — g.
Seche, Lichen, Psoriasis.
  GA'LEA.  A helmet, from yaln, 'a  cat;' of
the skin of which it was formerly made.  A name
given to the amnios, and, also, to the bandage of
Galen.  In  Pathology, it indicates  a headaeh
affecting the whole head.  See, also, Caul.
  Galea Aponeurot'ica Cap'itis, Ga'lea  ten-
din'ea  Santori'ni, Ga'lea  cap'itis, Membra'na
epicrdnia.    The  tendinous  expansion  which
unites  the  frontal and occipital portions of the
occipito-frontalis muscle.
  GALEAMAUROSIS, Amaurotic cat's eye.
  GALEAN'CON,  Galian'con, from  yalea, 'a
cat,' ' a weasel,' and ayxuv,  ' an elbow.'   Muste-
la'neus.  One who has two short arms.
  GALEAN'THROPY, Galeanthro'pia, from
yaly, ' a cat,' and  av&pionos,  ' a man.'  A variety
of melancholy in which the patient believes him-
self changed into a cat.  An affection similar to
lycanthropy and cynanthropy.
  GALE'GA, G. officina'lis seu vulga'ris seu Per'-
sica, Ruta  capra'ria,  Goat's Rue, (F.) Rue de
chevre,  Faux Indigo.  It  is  slightly aromatic,
and was once used as a sudorific and  alexiterial
in malignant fevers,  Ac.
  Galega  Persica, Galega.
  Galega  Virginia'na,  Tephro'sia Virginia'na,
Turkey Pea, Hoary Pea, Devil's shoestrings,  Vir-
ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used  in some parts
of  the  United  States as an  anthelmintic.   The
de-coction of the root is given.
  Galega  Vulgaris,  Galega.
  GALENE, Graphites.
  GALENEA, Graphites.
  GALEN'IC,   (lalen'ical, Galen'icus, Gale'nins,
from Galenus.  That which relates to the  doctrine
of Galen or to Galenism.  Used, substantively, for
drugs that are not chymical.
  Galenic  Medicine, Galenism.
  GA'LENISM, Galen'ic medicine.  The doc-
trine of Galen.
  GA'LENIST, Galenis'ta,  Galenis'tes.  A  fol-
lower of the doctrine of Galen.
  GALENIUS, Galenic.
  GALEOBDOLOX, Galeopsis.
  GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis.
  GALEOPSIS, Lamium album.
  Galeop'sis,  Galiop'sis, Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'-
dolon, Ldminni rubrum, Urtlca iners magna fa>-
tidis'sima,   Stachys fce'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.)
Ortie morte des bois.  This  plant was formerly
reckoned a  vulnerary and anodyne.
  Galeopsis Angustifolia, G. grandiflora—g.
Dubia,  G. grandiflora.
   Galeop'sis Grandiflo'ra, G. Ochroleu'ca seu
la'danum seu angustifo'lia  seu du'bia seu pros-
tra'ta  seu  villo'sa, Tetrahit longiflo' rum, G.
Seg"etum, Herba Sideri'tidis.  This  plant is re-
garded in  Germany as a bitter resolvent.  It is
the basis, also, of a celebrated nostrum, the Blau-
kenheimer  Tea, called, likewise, Lieber's pectoral
and phthisical herbs (Liebersche  Brust
oderAuszehrungs-Krauter,) which has
enjoyed great  repute in  pectoral  complaints.
The tops of the plant are given in decoction,
(£j, boiled  in a pint of water for a quarter of an
hour.)  This quantity to be taken in a day.
   Galeopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora—g.Ochro-
leuca. G. grandiflora—g. Prostrata, G. grandiflora
—g. Segetum,  G. grandiflora. 
GALEROPIA
396
GANGLIFORM
  Galeop'sis A'ersic'olor, is possessed of the
Bame virtues.
  Galeopsis Villosa, G. grandiflora.
  GALEROPIA, Oxyopia.
  GA'LIA.   An  ancient composition, in which
galls were an ingredient; the Galia pura.  There
was, also, a Galia aromat'ica, moscha'ta vel mus-
ca'ta, which consisted of a mixture  of several
perfumes, such as musk.
  GALIANCON, Galeancon.
  GALIOPSIS, Galeopsis.
  GALIP^A FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia febrifuga
—g. Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga.
  GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris.
  GA'LIUM,  Gallium, (from yala, 'milk,' be-
cause some species curdle milk.)  G. verum.
  Galium Album, G. Mollugo.
  Ga'lium Apari'ne, G. infest'urn seu aparinoi'-
dea seu brachycarp'on seu scaber'rimum, Valan'tia
apari'ne,  Aparine   hia'pida,  Aparine,  Lappa,
Philanthro'pua, Ampelocar'pua, Omphalocar'pua,
Ixua, Asphari'ne, Asper'ula, Goose-grass,  Clea-
ver's beea,  Cleavera,  Goose-share, Hayriff.  Fa-
mily, Rubiaceas.  Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogy-
nia.  (F.) Gaillet accrrjehant, G. crochant, Grat-
teron.  The expressed juice has  been  given as
an  aperient diuretic in incipient dropsies; also,
in cancer.
  Galium Aparanoides, G. aparine.
  Ga'lium Asprellum, Rough bed-straw, Rough
ladies' bed-straw: indigenous; has the  diuretic
properties of most of its genus.
  Galium Brachycarpon, G. aparine—g. Cau-
casicuui, G. verum.
  Galium  Circ.e'zans, Wild  Liquorice, Master
of the Woods.   An indigenous  plant, which flow-
ers  from June to August.  It  is demulcent and
diuretic, and is a popular domestic remedy.
  Galium  Infeste,  G. aparine — g. Luteum, G.
verum.
  Galium  Mollu'go, Galium album  seu Tyro-
len'se, Greater ladies' bed-straw, Alys'sum Plin'ii,
(F.) Caillelait blanc.   The herb and flowers have
been used, medicinally, in epilepsy.
  Galium Odoratum, Asperula odorata—g. Sca-
berrimum, G. aparine.
  Ga'lium  Tincto'rum,  an  American   species,
closely allied in properties to G. verum.
  Galium Tyrolense, G. mollugo—g. Tubercu-
latum, g. Verum.
  Ga'lium Verum, Ga'lium, G. lu'teum seu Cau-
ca'sicum  seu  tubereula'turn,  Ladies'  bed-straw,
Cheese-rennet,  Bed-straw,  Cleavewort, Goose-
grass, Savoyan, Clabber-grass, Milksweet,  Poor
Robin, Gravel-grass,  (F.) Gaillet jaune,  67. vrai,
Vrai Caillelait.   The tops  were used in the cure
of epilepsy.   The leaves and flowers possess the
property of curdling milk.
  GALL,  Bile,  see  Eczema   impetiginodes,
Quercus infectoria, and AAtrum—g. of the earth,
Prenanthes—g. Nut,  see Quercus infectoria—g.
of the Ox, see Bile—g. Sickness, Fever,  Walche-
ren—g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria.
  GALL-BLADDER,  Vesic'ula fellis,  Chol'e-
cyst, Cholccys'tis, Follic'ulus fellis, Cystis fellea,
Vesica fellea,  Vesic'ula  bilia. Veai'ca bilidria,
Follic'ulus fel lens, Cystis choled'ochus,  (F.) Ve-
sicule duflel ou Vesicule biliaire, Reservoir de la
bile.  A membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged
in a superficial depression at the inferior surface
of the right lobe of the liver.   It receives, by the
hepatic  and cystic ducts,  a portion of the bile
secreted by the liver, when the  stomach is empty,
which becomes in it more acrid, bitter, and thick.
It receives an artery, called the cystic.  Its veins
empty into the vena porta.  Its nerves come from
the hepatic plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join
those of the liver.
  GALL A,  see  Quercus infectoria — g. Maxima
Orbiculata, see Quercus infectoria.
  GALLiE QUERCUS, see Quercus infectoria—
g. Tinctorias, see Quercus infectoria—g. Turcica1,
see Quercus infectoria.
  GALLATURA, Molecule.
  GALLI GALLINACEI  CAPUT, Gallinaginis
caput
  GALLINAG"INIS  CAPUT, Galli gallindcei
Caput,  Caput  gallina'ceum,  Verumonta'num,
Crista urethra''lis, Crete nrethrale, — (Ch.,) from
Gallinago,  'a woodcock.'  An oblong, rounded
projection, formed by the mucous membrane in
the spongy  portion of the  urethra, at  the sides
of which the ejaculatory ducts open.
  GAL'LIPOT.  Perhaps from gala, ' finery.' (?)
A pot painted and  glazed or merely glazed,  and
commonly used to hold medicines.
  GALLITRICHUM, Salvia sclarea.
  GALLIUM, Galium.
  GALLSTONES,  Calculi, biliary.
  GALLUS, Eunuch.
  GALREDA, Gelatin.
  GALVANISATION, Galvanization.
  GAL'VANISM,  Galvania'mus,  Electric" itos
anima'lis, E.  Galvan'ica vel  metallica,  Irrita-
men'tum metallo'rum  vel metallieum, Voltaism,
Volta'ic or Chemical  or Contact Electricity.  A
series of phenomena, consisting in sensible move-
ments, executed by animal parts, which are  en-
dowed with  irritability, when  placed in connex-
ion with two metallic plates of different nature,
between which a communication is established
by direct contact or by means of a metallic wire.
Galvanism has been .employed medicinally in the
same cases  as electricity, and especially in neu-
ralgic affections.  It is often applied in the form
of plates,—" Manaford'a platea."  In asthma, for
example, a small blister, the size of a dollar, may
be placed on  the neck over  the course of  the
phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, and another
on the side, in the region of the diaphragm.  One
metal is placed mediately or immediately over the
vesicated surface on the neck, and another over
that in  the side.   They are then connected by
means of a wire.  The new nervous  impression,
in this way induced, is often signally beneficial.
  GALA^ANIZATION, Gnlvaniadtio, (F.) Gal-
vanisation.   The act of affecting with galvanism.
  GALArANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture.
  GAMBA,  Patella.
  GAMBARUS, Crab.
  GAMBIER, see XTauclea gambir.
  GAMBOGIA, Cambogia.
  GAMMARUS, Crab.
  GAM'MATA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Cauteries,
having the  shape of  the Greek  letter T; which
were used for  cauterizing hernias.
  GAMMAUT.  The Italians, according to Scul-
tetus, gave  this name to a kind of crooked  bis-
touri, used for opening abscesses.
  GAMMISMUS, Psammismus.
  GAMPHE,  Gena.
  GAMPHELE, Gena, Maxillary Bone.
  GAXGAME, Epiploon.
  GANGAMUM, Epiploon.
  GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami
nervorum opticorum—g. Formative, see Ganglion
— g. Hemispherical,  Hemispheres of  the brain
— g. of Increase, see Ganglion — g. Nervorum,
Ganglions,  nervous, see Ganglion — g. Sensory,
see  Sensory ganglia.
  GANGLIAR, Ganglionic
  GANG'LIFORM, Gang'lioform, Ganglifor'mis.
Having the shape of a ganglion.   A name gene-
rally given  to a knot-like  enlargement, in the
course of a nerve. 
GANGLIOLUM
397
GANGRENE
  GANGLIOLUM, Diminutive  of ganglion.  A
Bmall ganglion.
  GANG'LION, Gang'lium, 'a knot'  A name
given to organs  differing considerably from each
other  in size,  colour, texture, functions,  Ac.
They  are  divided into glandiform, lymphatic,
and nervous.   1.  Glandiform  ganglions, called
also adenoid, vascular, and sanguineous  gang-
lions, blind, aporic, and macular glanda, glandu-
les spuria, Ac, are organs  of whose functions we
are, in general, ignorant;  and which  have the
appearance of glands.  They are  formed of ag-
glomerated globulos, pervaded by blood-vessels,
surrounded by areolar membrane, and  contain a
milky or yellowish fluid.  To this class belong the
spleen, thymus, thyroid, and supra-renal glands.
2. Lymphat'ic ganglions. See Conglobate. 3. A'cr-
vous ganglions,  Ganglia seu Nodi  seu Nod'uli
Aervo'rum, Ganglio'ncs,  Tumo'res  seu Plexus
gaiig/ioform'es, Plexus glandifor'mes, Tuber'cula
uot/o'sa  Nervo'rum, Divertic'ula spirituum ani-
ma'hum, Ganglia of increase, Form'ative gang'lia.
Enlargements or knots in the course of a nerve.
They belong, in general,  to the system  of the
great sympathetic.  One exists on the posterior
root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral,—
the 5th. Bichat regarded them as so many small
brains, or centres of nervous action, independent
of the encephalon, and intended exclusively for
organic  life.   Being  formed by the union of the
cerebral and' spinal nerves, they may  send out
the influence of  both these  nervous centres to the
parts to which the nerves proceeding from them
are distributed.  Ganglia are chiefly composed of
vesicular neurine; and appear to be concerned
in the formation  and dispensation of nerve power.
  Ganglion.  Same etymon.  Emphy'ma encys'-
tis ganglion.  A globular, hard, indolent tumour,
without change  in the colour of the skin; of  a
size varying from that of a pea, to that of an egg,
and always situate in the course of a tendon.
The tumour  is  formed of a viscid,  albuminous
fluid, contained in a cyst of greater or less thick-
ness.  The cyst is sometimes  loose; but in the
majority of cases it communicates, by a narrow
footstalk, with the sheath  of a  tendon, or  even
with the synovial capsule of a neighbouring arti-
culation.   The  causes  are  generally unknown.
The treatment consists in compression, percussion,
the use of discutients, extirpation, or incision.
  Ganglion Abdominale, G. semilunar—g. Ade-
noid, G. glandiform — g. of Andersch, Petrous
ganglion — g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament—g,
of Arnold,  Oticum  ganglion — g. Auricular, Oti-
cum G.—g. Azygous, see Trisplanchnic nerve—
g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion — g. Carotic or Ca-
rotid, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Caver-
nous, see Carotid or Carotic nerve—g. Cerebelli,
Corpus  dentatum—g.  Cerebral, anterior, Corpora
striata — g. Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata —
g. Cerebral inferieur, grand, Thalami nervorum
opticorum—g. Cerebral, posterior,  Thalami ner-
vorum opticorum—g.  du Cervelet, Corpus denta-
tum— g. Ciliare, Corpus dentatum—g. Ciliary,
Ophthalmic ganglion — g.  Corpuscles,  see Neu-
rine.
  Ganglion  of Ehrenritter, Ganglion  nervi
glosso-pharynge'i supe'rius, 67. jugula're snpe'rius,
G. Ehrcnrittcri sou Mulled.  A reddish-gray mass
on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the foramen
lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch.
  Ganglion  of  Gasser, Gan'glium seu  Gan'-
glion  Gassed, Miles ganglifornlis, Intumescen'-
iia ganglifornl is seu semilunaris, Ta'nia nervo'-
sa Halleri.   A semicircular  knot on the 5th pair
of nerves, before its division into three branches.
  Ganglion,  Glandiform,  see Ganglion — g.
Globules, see Neurine—Impar, see Trisplanchnic I
nerve—g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter—g.
Laiteux, Milk-knot—g. of Laumonier, see Carotid
or Carotic nerve—g. Lenticular, G. ophthalmic—
g. Lymphatic,  Conglobate gland — g.  Maxilto-
tympaniqtte, Otfcura G.—g. of Meckel, Spheno-
palatine  G. — g. Mulleri, G. of Ehrenritter — g.
Nasopalatine,   see  Nasopalatine ganglion — g.
X'ervi glosso-pharyngei superius, G. of Ehrenrit-
ter— g.  Ophthalmic, see  Ophthalmic ganglion —
g. Optic, Quadrigemina tubereula—g. Orbitar, G.
ophthalmic—g. Oticum,  Oticum G.—g. Petrosal,
see Petrous ganglion.
   Ganglion  of the Pneumogas'tric.   A gan-
glionic structure in  the pneumogastric as it passes
through  the foramen lacerum posterius.
   Ganglion of Ribes. A nervous ganglion upon
the anterior communicating artery  of the brain,
and to be found at  the point of junction  of the
right and left trunks of the sympathetic.
   Ganglion, Sanguineous, G.  glandiform — g.
Sensory, see  Sensory ganglia — g. Solare,  G.
semilunare—g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan-
glion—g. Splanchnicum, G. semilunare—g. Su-
perieur du cerveau  (grand,) Corpora striata — g.
of the Superior Laryngeal Branch,  see Pneumo-
gastric nerves—g.  SltrrSnal, G. semilunare — g.
Thyroid, see Trisplanchnic nerve — g. Transver-
sum,  G. semilunare—g. Vascular, G. glandiform
— g. Vertebral, see Trisplanchnic nerve—g. de
 Vieussens, Coeliac plexus.
   GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic.
   GANGLIONES  GANGLIOFORMES,  Gan-
glions, nervous.
   GANGLION'IC,  Ganglion'icus, Gan'glionary,
Gan'gliar.  Relating to  ganglia. Nerves are so
called in the course of which  ganglions are met
with; as the greater part of the branches of the
great sympathetic or trisplanchnic,  the posterior
roots of  the spinal  nerves, Ac.   Ganglionics, ac-
cording  to Dr. Pereira,  are agents, which affect
the ganglionic  or great  sympathetic system  of
nerves,(?)—as stimulants and sedatives.
  Ganglionic  Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve—g.
Nervous  System, see Trisplanchnic nerve.
  GANGLIONITIS, Gangliltis, from yayyhov,
' a  ganglion,'  and  itis,   denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of a nervous ganglion. Sometimes
used for  inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion.
  Ganglionitis Peripherica  et Medullaris,
Cholera.
  GANGLICM, Ganglion—g. Gasseri, Ganglion
of Gasser.
  GANGR^E'NA ALOPECIA, Alopecia—g. Ca-
ries, Caries—g. Nosoconiiorum, Hospital gangrene
—g. Oris, Cancer aquaticus—g. Ossis, Spina ven-
tosa—g.  Ossium, Caries—g. Pottii, see Gangrene,
and  Gangrene  of  old people — g.  Pulmonum,
Necropneumonia — g. Senilis, Gangrene of old
people — g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus — g. Tonsilla-
rum, Cynanche maligna — g.  Ustilaginea, Ergo-
tism—g.  Vaginas, Colpocace.
  GANGRiENESCENTIA, Gangrasnosis.
  GANGR.ENICUS, Gangrenous.
  GANGRJENOPES, Gangrenous.
  GANGRiENOPS'IS,  Cancer  aquaticus; also,
gangrenous inflammation of the eyelids, Blejiha-
ri'tis gangrano'sa.—Siebenhaar.
  GANGRjENO'SIS,   Gangranescen'tia, from
yayypaiva,  'gangrene.'  The state of being Gan-
grenous or of becoming gangrenous.
  GANGR.ENOSUS, Gangrenous.
  GANGRENE, Gangra'na, Cancre'na,Hot mor-
tification, (F.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Asphyxie des
parties.  Privation  of life or partial death of an
organ.   Authors have generally distinguished
mortification into two stages; naming the first
incipient or gangrene.  It is-attended with a sud-
den diminution of feelmg in  the part  affected: 
GANGRENE
398
GAS
livid  discoloration ;  detachment  of the  cuticle,
under which a turbid fluid is effused ; with crepi-
tation, owing  to  the  disengagement of air  into
the areolar texture.   When the part has  become
quite black, and incapable of all feeling,  circula-
tion,  and life, it constitutes the second stage, or
mortification, and is called sphac"elus.  Gangrene,
however,  is  frequeutly used synonymously with
mortification, — local asphyxia  being  the term
employed for  that condition, in which the parts
are in a state of suspended animation, and,  con-
sequently, susceptible of resuscitation.  AA'hen the
part is filled with fluid entering into putrefaction,
the affection is called humid gangrene,  (F.) Gan-
grene humide:  on the other hand, when it is dry
and shrivelled, it constitutes dry gangrene;  (F.)
Gangrene seche.  To  this  class belongs the gan-
gra'na seni'lis, 67. Pot'tii, Presbyosp>hoc"elus, or
spontaneous gangrene of old people, which rarely
admits of cure.  AVhatever may  be the kind of
gangrene,*it may be caused by violent inflamma-
tion, contusion, a burn, congelation, the ligature
of a large arterial trunk,  or by some internal
cause inappreciable to us.
   The treatment,  both of external  and internal
gangrene, varies  according to the  causes which
produce it  Gangrene from excessive inflamma-
tion is obviated by antiphlogistics; and that from
intense cold by cautiously restoring the  circula-
tion by cold frictions, Ac.  AVhen the gangrene
has  become  developed,  the separation  of the
eschars must  be  encouraged by emollient appli-
cations, if there be considerable reaction; or by
tonics and stimulants, if the  reaction be insuffi-
cient.
   Gangrene,  Hospital, see Hospital,  Gangrene
■—g. of the Lungs, Necropneumonia.
   GANGRENE  DE LA  BOUCHE,  Cancer
aquaticus — g. Chaude,  Gangrene —  g.  Froide
Sphacelus—g. Humide, see Gangrene—g. Seche,
see Gangrene—g. Hopital, Hospital gangrene —
gr. du Poumon, Necropneumonia—g. des Solonois,
Ergotism.
   GAN'GRENOUS, Gangra'nicus,Gangrano'sus,
Gangrano'des. Affected with or relating to gan-
grene.
   GANJAH, Gunjah.
   GANTELET (F.), Chirothe'ca, Fas'eia digi-
ta'lis, Gauntlet;  from (F.) gant, 'a  glove.'  A
sort of bandage  which envelops the  hand  and
fingers, like a glove. It is made with a  long
roller, about an  inch broad; and is  applied so
that the  fingers are covered to their tips, when
it is called Gantelet entier ou complet.  The Demi-
gantelet includes only the hand  and base of the
fingers.  Both  bandages are used in fractures and
luxations of the fingers, burns  of the  hand, Ac.
See Chirotheca.
   GANTS DES DA3IES, Condom—^, de Notre
Dame, Digitalis.
   GAPING, Yawning.
   GAR A ACE, Rubia.
   GARCINTA CAMBO'GIA, G.gutta, Cambogia
gutta, Mangost.a'na Cambogia.   A tree  of Ceylon,
Family Guttiferas, which affords a concrete juice
similar to Gamboge.
   Garcinia Gutta, G. Cambogia.
   Garcin'ia  Mangosta'na,  Mangoatdna  Gar-
cin'ia.  The systematic name of the Mangoa'tan
or Mangous'tan tree,  Mangoata'na.  It grows  in
great abundance in Java and the Molucca islands.
The fruit, which is about the size of an orange, is
delicious, and is  eaten in almost every disorder.
The  dried bark is used medicinally in dysentery
aud tenesmus; and a strong  decoction has  been
much esteemed in ulcerated sore throat.
   GARDE-MALADE, Nurse.
   GARDEROBE, Artemisia abrotanum.
   GARDEROBES, Fasces.
   GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY PREPARA-
 TION, see Oryza.
   GAR DOUCHES, Vesiculas seminales.
   GARETUM, Poples.
   GARGALISMUS, Gargalus.
   GAR'GALUS,  Gar'gale, Gargalia'mua,  Titil-
 la'tio, Irrita'tio,  Pruritus.   Titillation,  irrita-
 tion, itching.   Also,  masturbation;  and, rarely,
 animal magnetism.
   GARGAREON, Uvula.
   GARGARISATIO, Gargarism.
   GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mus,  Gargaris'ma,
 Anagargalic'ton, Gargaris'miim,  Co/lu'tio,  Dia-
 clys'ma,  Anagargaris'ton, Anagargarism'us, Ana-
 conchylis'mus, Anaconchylios'iniih, Titillumen'tnm,
 from yapyapirto, ' I wash the mouth.'  A gargle.
 Any liquid medicine, intended to be retained in
 the  mouth, for a  certain time, and to be thrown
 in contact with the uvula, velum pendulum, ton-
 sils, Ac.   For this purpose, the liquid is agitated
 by the   air issuing from the larynx,  the  head
 being thrown back.  Gargles are  employed in
 cynanche tonsillaris and  other diseases of the
 fauces,  and are made  of  stimulants,  sedatives,
 astringents, refrigerants, Ac, according to cir-
 cumstances.
   The process is termed gargling, gargarisa'tio.
   The term colluto'rium or collutorinm  oris is ge-
 nerally restricted to a wash for the mouth.
   GARGET, Phytolacca decandra.
   GARGLE,  Gargarism.
   GARGLING, see Gargarism.
   GARGOUILLEMENT,  Borborygmus,  Gur-
 gling.  See Rale muqueux.
   GARLIC, Allium—g. Hedge, Alliaria.
   GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   GAROU  BARK,  Daphne gnidium.
   GARRETUM, Poples.
   GARROPHYLLUS,  Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GARROT  (F.),  from garotter,  'to tie  fast.'
 A small cylinder of wood, used for tightening
 the  circular band, by which the arteries of a limb
 are  compressed, for the purpose  of suspending
 the  flow of  blood  in cases  of  hemorrhage, aneu-
 rism, amputation, Ac.
   GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna.
   GARRULITAS, Loquacity.
   GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM.  A South Afri-
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Compositas ; known under
 the  name Snakeroot, from  its reputed  effects as
 an antidote to  the  bites of  venomous serpents.
 The root is a great favourite with the Boers in
 chest diseases — as asthma—and in affections in
 which a free secretion from the mucous membrane
 of the bronchia is indicated.   It has diaphoretic
 properties, and acts as a  diuretic in  gout and
 dropsy.  It is  given  in decoction or tincture. Dr.
 Pappe thinks the root  ought to have a place in
 the  Materia Medica.
   GARUM, yapov.   The ancient  Romans  gave
 this name to a kind of  pickle made by collecting
 the  liquor which flowed from salted  and half-
 putrefied fish.  It was used  as  a condiment.—The
 Geoponice, Humelberg  on Apicius, Martial, Ac.
   GAS,  see Gaz — g. Ammoniacale, Ammonia—
 g. Animale sanguinis, G. sanguinis—g.  Azoticum,
 Azote — g. Azoticum oxygenatum, Nitrogen, ga-
 seous oxide of—g.  Hepaticum, Hydrogen, sul-
 phuretted— g. Hydrogenium sulphuretum, Hy-
 drogen,  sulphuretted—g. Intoxicating, Nitrogen,
 gaseous  oxide of—g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous
 oxide of— g.  of the Lungs, Gas, pulmonary — p.
 Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide
 of—g. Oxygenated muriatic  acid, Chlorine — g.
I Oxymuriatic acid, Chlorine—g. Palustre. Miasm, 
GASCARILLA
399
GASTRO-ARTHRITIS
marsh — g. Paradise, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of
—g. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid.
  GASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla.
  GASTEIN, MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
Gastein or (Jasteiner  Wildbad  is in the Noric
Alps, Austria.  The waters are thermal.   Temp.
106° to  118° Fah.  They contain sulphate of
toda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium,
carbonate of  soda, carbonate of lime, magnesia,
manganese, iron, Ac.
  GASTER,  yaornp.  The abdomen.  At times,
but  rarely, the uterus.  Also, the stomach, in
particular ; Hence :
  GASTERALGIA, Gastralgia.
  GASTERANAX.  A name given  by Dolasus
to a hypothetical vital principle,  corresponding
to the Archaeus  of Aran Helmont, the  seat of
which  he placed in the lower belly.  See Bithni-
malca.
  GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem-
phraxis.
  GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Gaaterangem-
phrax'ia, Gaateremphrax'ia.  Obstruction of the
pylorus, from yaarnp, ' stomach,' ay\o>, ' I stran-
gle,' and cp<Ppaaoa>, ' I  obstruct'—ATogel.  Also,
and properly, obstruction  or congestion of the
vessels of the stomach.
  GASTERASE, Pepsin.
  GASTERASTHENrA,/m6eci7Vta«seuAtwiVn
seu Lax'itaa ventric'uli; from yaarrip, 'stomach,'
and aadeveia,  'debility.'  Debility of the stomach.
  GASTERECHE'MA, Son'itua  stomach'icua;
from yaornp,  'the  stomach,' and tj^r/pa, 'sound.'
Sound presumed to be heard on auscultating the
region of the  stomach.
  G A  S T E R E M P H R A XIS,   Gasterangiem-
phraxis.
  OASTERHYSTEROTOMY,C8esarean Section.
  GASTRjE'MIA; from yaarr,p, 'the stomach,'
and 'aipa,  'blood.'  Determination of blood to
the stomach.
  GASTRALGIA, Cardialgia.
  GASTRANEURYSMA, Gastrectasis.
  GASTRATROPH'IA, from ya<m,p,  'the sto-
mach,' and arpotpta,  'wasting.'   Atrophy of the
stomach.
  GASTRECTASIS,  Gaetrectdsia, Gastraneu-
ri/a'ma, Dilatdtio ventric'uli : from yaarrip,  ' the
stomach,' and  exraais, 'dilatation.'   Dilatation
of the  stomach.
  GASTRELCOBROSIS,  Gastrobrosis ulcerosa.
  GASTRELCO'SIS, Ulcerdtio seu Exulcerdtio
seu Ulcera ventric'uli, fromyaarrjp, 'the stomach,'
and 'elxuiois,  ' ulceration.'  Ulceration of the sto-
mach.  AVhen accompanied with hectic, it  con-
stitutes Gastrophthlsis, Gaatroph' tho'e.
  GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see Cassarean  Sec-
tion.
  GASTRENCEPnALO'MA,   Goatromyelo'ma,
Gastromyelo'siSjGastroencephalo'sis; from yaarrip,
'the stomach,'and cyxetpalos, 'the brain.'  En-
> ephaloid of the stomach.
  GASTRENCHYTA,  Stomach pump.
  GASTREXTERIC, Gastroentericus.
  GASTRENTERITIC, Gastroenteritic
  GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA, Gastrenteroma-
lax'is, from yaarnp, 'stomach,' evrepov, 'intestine,'
and  palaxta,  'softening.'  Softening of the sto-
mach and intestines.
  GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatic.
  G ASTREPATI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio  ventric'uli
et hep'atis; from yaarijp,  'stomach,'  and 'ifirap,
'liver.'  Inflammation  of the stomach and liver.
  GAJTREPIPLOICUS, Gastroepiploic.
  GASTREREIHIS'IA; from yaaryp, 'sto-
mach,' and cpiBtfo, 'I irritate.'  Irritation of the
stomach.
  GASTRIC, Gas'tricus;  from yaarnp, 'the sto-
mach.'  Belonging or relating to the stomach.
  Gastric Ar'teries are three in number, Ar-
te'ria gastro-epiplo'ica dextra, A. gaatro-epiploi' -
ea ainia'tra, and A.  corona'ria ventriculi.
  Gastric Juice, Succus  gas'tricus, Men'struum
seu Fermentum  Ventric'uli,  (F.) Sue  Gastrique,
Gastric Acid.  A fluid, secreted from the mucous
membrane of the stomach.  As met with, it is a
mixture of the fluids secreted by that organ with
those of the supra-diaphragmatic portion of the
alimentary canal. Owing to such admixture, the
most  contrary properties have been  assigned to
it  That  such a fluid is secreted, which concurs
powerfully in digestion, is  evident from many
considerations,  and has been positively  proved
by the author and numerous others. It was found
by him to contain, in man, chlorohydric and acetic
acids.  The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death
sometimes corrodes  and perforates the stomach :
giving rise to interesting  questions  in medical
jurisprudence.
  Gastric Nerves.  The two cords  by which
the pneumogastric  nerves terminate, and which
descend on the two  surfaces of the stomach ;  as
well as the filaments of the  great sympathetic,
which accompany the gastric vessels.
  Gastric Plexus, Plexus corona'rius ventri-
culi.  A nervous net-work, formed by the  solar
plexus.  It accompanies the Arteria coronaria
ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvature
of the stomach, to which it gives branches.
  Gastric Veins follow the  same distribution
as the arteries, and open into the Vena porta ab-
dominis.
  GAS'TRICISM,  Gastriris'mus,  from  yaarnp,
'the stomach.'   A name by which is designated
the  medical theory,  that refers all, or almost all,
diseases to an accumulation of saburras in the
digestive passages.
  GASTRILOQUE. Engastrimyth.
  GASTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth.
  GASTRILOQUUS, Engastrimyth.
  GASTRIMARGUS, Glutton.
  GASTRINUM, Potash.
  CASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra.
  GASTRIT'IC, Gastrit'ieus ;  same etymon  as
the  rest.   Relating to gastritis.
  GASTRI'TIS, from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' and
itis, denoting inflammation.   Ventric'uli inflam-
ma'tio, Cauma gastritis, Empres'ma gastritis, In-
fiamma'tio gastritis, Cardialgia inflammato'ria,
Febris stomach'ica inflammato'ria, Infiamma'tio
ventric'uli, I. stom'achi,  Phleg'mone  ventric'uli,
Inflammation of the stomach,  (F.) Inflammation
de I'Estomac,  Gastrite,  Catarrhe gastrique.  A
disease, characterized by pyrexia; great anxiety ;
heat and  pain in the epigastrium, increased  by
taking any thing into  the stomach;  vomiting
and hiccup.  Gastritis may either be seated  in
the  peritoneal or mucous  coat.  It is most fre-
quently in the latter—Esogastri'tis, Endogastrl-
tis,  Gastromycoded''tis,—being excited directly
by  acrid  ingesta.   It requires the most active
treatment; — bleeding, blistering, fomentations,
diluents, Ac.  Some degree of inflammation  of
the mucous coat of the stomach was considered  by
the  followers of Broussais to be present in almost
all fevers; and  the various forms of dyspepsia
have been supposed by some to be nothing more
than chronic endogastrltis.
  Gastritis Arthritica, Cceliagra.
  GASTRO-ARTHRITIS, Gout—g. Ataxia,
Dyspepsia—g. Atonia, Dyspepsia—g. Bronchitis,
Fever, adenomeningeal—g. Enterite intense Sy- 
GASTROBROSIS             400           GASTROPERIODYNIA
nocha—g. Enteritc, with nervous affection of the
brain, see Typhus—g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothi-
nenteritis ;  see Typhus.
  GASTROBRO'SIS,  Perfordtio ventric'uli,
Gaatrorrhex'ia,  (F.) Perforation de I'Eatomac;
from ya<rri7p, ' the stomach,' and ppucts, ' the act
of gnawing.'  Corrosion and  perforation of the
stomach.
  Gastrobro'sts  Ulcero'sa,  Gaatrelcobro'ais.
Destruction and  perforation of  the  coats of the
stomach  by ulceration.
  GASTROCE'LE, from yaovijp, 'the belly,' and
xelij, ' a tumour.'   Hernia of the atomach, Hernia
ventric'uli, (F.) Hernie de I'Eatomac.   Hernia,
formed by the  stomach through the upper part
of the linea alba: a  disease, the  existence of
which has  been doubted by many.  See  Epigas-
trocele.
  GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS;  from yaarnp, 'the
stomach,' xetpalrj,  ' head,' and itis, denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation of the  stomach and
head,—a not uncommon concomitant  of certain
malignant  fevers.
  GASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever,  gastric.
  GASTROCNEME, Sura.
  GASTROCNEMIA, Sura.
  GASTROCNE'MII, from yaarnp, 'the belly,'
and xvypn,  ' the leg.'  The name  of the two fleshy
masses which occupy the posterior and superficial
part of the leg, Gemelli; (F.) Gastrocnemiens, Ju-
meaux de la jambe, Bifemoro-calcaniens—(Ch. :)
the two constituting the Gastrocnemius exter'nus,
of English anatomists. These muscles  are dis-
tinguished into internal and external,  which are
distinct  above, but united  at their inferior ex-
tremity.   They are  long,  flat,  and thick; and
arise—the  former from the posterior part of the
outer condyle of the femur; the latter, from the
posterior part of the  inner condyle of the same
bone.   The  aponeurosis,   which   unites  these
muscles  below, joins with  that of the Solaris, and
forms with it, a large tendon, which, under the
name Tendo-Achillis, is inserted at the posterior
part of  the calcaneum.   These  muscles extend
the foot  on the leg, and the leg on the foot. They
can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally
on  each  other.   For the Gastrocnemius internus,
see Soleus.
  GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura.
  GASTROCCELIACUS,  Cceliac.
  GASTROCCELICUS, Coeliac.
  GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic.
  GASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia.
  GASTROCOLI'TIS, from yaan,p, 'stomach,'
and xwlov, 'colon.' Inflammation of the stomach
and colon.
  GASTROCOLPOTOMIA, see Cassarean sec-
tion.
  GASTRODID'YMUS,   Did'ymus,  Symphyo-
gas'trius, Paod'ymua; from yaarnp, 'the belly,'
and oiovpos, ' a twin.'  A monstrosity in which
twins are united by the abdomen.
  GASTRODUODE'NAL,   Gastroduodendlis ;
from yaarnp, ' stomach,' and duodenum.  Relating
to the stomach and duodenum.
  GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,   adeno-
meningeal.
  GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia.
  GASTRODYNIA,  Cardialgia — g. Flatulenta,
Colica flatulenta.
  GASTRO KXTER'IC,  Gaatroenter'icua,  Gaa-
trenter'ic, Gaatrenter'icua, from  yaarrip, ' the sto-
mach,' and err pn; 'intestine.'  Relating to the
stomach and :nte  tine.
   GASTROENTERITE, Gastroenteritis.
   GASTROENTERIT'IC, Gastroenterit'icus,
Gaatrentet-ilic,  Gtistrcnterit'icus;  same etymon
as the next.  Relating to gastroenteritis.
  GASTROENTERICS, Infiamma'tio ventric'-
uli et Intestino'rum, (F.) Gastro-enterite, Gastro-
enteric disease, from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' evre-
pov, 'an intestine,' aud itis, a suffix denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation of the  stomach  and
small intestine.   According to  Broussais,  the
essential fevers of authors are  gastro-enteritis,
simple, or complicated.
  GASTROEPIPLOIC, Gastro-epiplo'icus, Gas-
trepiplo'icus,  from  yaarijp, 'the  stomach,'  and
emuloov,  ' the epiploon.'   That which relates to
the stomach and epiploon.
   Gastroepiploic Arteries, or Gastric inferior,
are two in  number, and distinguished into right
and  left.  The  right, also  called Gastro-hcpatie,
Gas'trica inferior dextra,  Gastro-epiplo'iea dex-
tra, is furnished  by the  hepatic  artery. It de-
scends behind the pylorus, and passes from right
to left, along the great curvature of the stomach.
It gives  branches  to  the  pancreas, duodenum,
stomach, omentum majus, and terminates by an-
astomosing with  the  Gastro-epiplo'iea ainia'tra,
Gaa'trica ainia'tra, Gaa'trica infe'rior sinis'tra.
This — the left — arises from the splenic artery.
It is of considerable magnitude, and passes from
left to right, along the  great  curvature of the
stomach, distributing its branches more particu-
larly to  the  stomach and omentum majus.  It
terminates  by joining the right gastro-epiploic.
   Gastroepiploic Ganglions are the lymphatio
ganglions or glands, situate towards the great
curvature of the stomach, between the two ante-
rior laminas of the omentum majus.
   Gastroepiploic Veins are distinguished, like
the arteries,  into right and left.  They empty
themselves;—the  former, into the  superior me-
senteric : the latter, into the splenic vein.     \
   GASTROH^MORRHAGIA, Hasmatemesis.
   GASTROHEPAT'IC, Gastro-hepat'icns, Hep'-
ato-gas'tricna, Gastreput'icus ; from yaarrip, ' the
stomach,' and  'wrap,  'the liver.'   Relating to
the stomach  and  liver.   This  name has been
given to  several organs.   See Epiploon, gastro-
hepatic, Ac.
   GASTROHYSTEROTOMY, Cassarean section.
   GASTROLIENALIS, Gastrosplenicus.
   GASTROLITHI'ASIS, from yaarnp, 'the sto-
mach,' and lidiaais, 'formation of stone.'  The
formation of  concretions, gastrolithi, in  the sto-
mach.
   GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia.
   GASTROMALAX'IA,  Gastro-maldcia, Gas-
tromalaco'ai8, Malacogaa'ter, Malax'ia rcntric'iili,
Dissolu'tio  ventric'uli,  Emollil'io  ventric'uli,
Pseudophlogo'si8  ventric'uli  reaoluti'va  et cnlli-
quati'va, Metamorpho'aia ventric'uli gelatiuifor'-
mis, Ero'sio et  perfordtio  apontdnect ventric'uli,
Reaolu'tio et diabro'aia ventric'uli, (F.) Ramolliaae-
ment de I'Eatomac, from  yaarrip, 'the stomach,'
and palaiis,  ' softening.'   Softening of the  sto-
mach, induced  at times by the gastric secretions
after death,—Reaolu'tio ventric'uli autopeptica.
   GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
   GASTROMETROTOMIA, Cassarean  section.
   GASTROMYCODERIS, see Stomach.
   GASTROMYCODERITIS, see Gastritis.
   GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma,
   GASTRONOSUS,  Gastropathia.
   GASTROPAB.AL'YSlS,Gastrople'gia, Parol'-
ysis ventric'uli; from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' and
xapalvois, ' paralysis.' Paralysis of the  stomach.
   GASTROP'ATHY, Gastropathia,   Gastron'-
osiia, Gaatronu'ana, from yaarrip, ' the stomach,
and -naOos,.' disease.'  Disease of the stomach.
   GASTROPERIODYN'IA;  Sool (India.)  A 
GASTROPHRENIC
401
GELASINI
violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the
stomach, not uncommon in Iiindoostan.
  GASTROPHRENIC, Gaatro-phren'icus, from
yuartjp, 'the stomach,' and tpoeves,' the diaphragm.'
Belonging to the stomach and diaphragm.
  Gastrophrenic Ligament is a reflection of the
peritoneum, which descends from the inferior sur-
face of the diaphragm to the cardia.
  GASTROPIITHISIS, Gastrelcosis.
  GASTROPIITIIOE,  Gastrelcosis.
  OASTROPLEGIA, Gastroparalysis.
  GASTROR'APHY, Gastrorrhdphia, Gaatror'-
rhtiphe, Sutu'ra abdomina'lia,  from yaarrip, 'the
belly,' and patprj, ' a suture.'  The suture used for
uniting wounds penetrating the  abdomen, when
they are too extensive or too unequal to be kept
in contact by position, adhesive plaster, or ap-
propriate bandages.  The interrupted and quilted
sutures are those chiefly employed.
  GASTRORRHAGIA, Hasmatemesis.
  GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis.
  GASTR ORRHCE'A, from yaarnp,' the stomach,'
and pew, 'I flow.'   Blennorrhce'a seu Fluxus ven-
tric'uli, (F.) Flux muqueiix de Vestomac,  Catarrhe
stomacal.  A morbid condition of the stomach,
Which consists  in the  secretion of an excessive
quantity of  mucus from the lining  membrane of
the stomach. Also, Coeliac flux.
  GASTROSCIR'RHUS,  Indurdtio  ventric'uli
scirrho'sa,  Scirrhus seu  carcino'ma ventric'uli.
Scirrhous induration or cancer of the stomach.
  GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
  GASTRO'SIS.   A generic name for  diseases
which are seated in the stomach.—Alibert.
  GASTROSPLE'NIC, Gaetroaple'nicua, Gaatro-
liena'lia, from yaarrip, ' stomach,' and <nrAijv, ' the
spleen.'  Relating to stomach and spleen.
  GASTROSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the sto-
mach.
  Gastrostenosis  Cardi'aca et  Pylor'ica ;
from yaarrip, 'the stomach,' and arcvos, 'narrow.'
Narrowness of the cardiac and pyloric orifices of
the stomach from cancer of that organ.
  GASTROT'OMY, from yaarnp, 'the belly,' and
ropn,  ' incision.'   Several  different operations
have  been  so called.   1. The Cassarean  Section.
2. An incision  made into the abdomen for the
purpose of removing some internal strangulation
or volvulus ;  or to reduce  hernia, Laparolomy:
and, 3. The  opening made in the stomach, to re-
move a foreign body which has passed into  it
through the oesophagus.
  GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from  yaarnp, 'sto-
mach,' 'vittp, 'above,' and vevpov, 'a nerve.' Mor-
bidly increased  activity  of the  nerves of  the
stomach.
  GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake.
  GATTILIER, Vitex.
  GAUDIA FCEDA, Masturbation.
  GAULTUE'RIA, G.  seu Gualthe'ria procum'-
bena, Gautie'ra  repena,  Mountain Tea,  Partridge
Berry, Berried Tea, Grouaeberry, Deerberry, Spice
berry, Tea berry,Red berry, Wintergreen,Red berry
Tea,Ground berry, Ground ivy, Ground holly, Hill
berry, Box berry,  Chequer berry.   An  American
plant, which is one of the principle articles of
the materia medica of some Indian tribes.  The
infusion of the  leaves is stimulant  and anodyne,
and is said  to have been  used, with advantage,
in asthma.   The  oil—Oleum Gaultheria, Ph.
U. S.,—is used,  chiefly on account of its  pleasant
flavour, to cover the taste of other  medicines.
  GAUNTLET. Gantelet.
  GAUQIIAA'A. Smilax Chiti.
  GAUTIERA  REPENS, Gaultheria.
      26
  GAY  FEATHER, Liatris spicata.
  GAY AC, Guaiacum.
  GAYLUSSACIA RESINO'SA, Vaccin'ium re-
aino'aum, Black Huckleberry.   An  indigenous
plant, whose fruit is sweet and  agreeable.
  GAZ, Gaa, Air.  Van Helmont first designated
by this name, — the  etymology of which is un-
known, — the carbonic acid developed in  the vi-
nous  fermentation.  Afterwards,  the term was
appropriated to every permanently elastic fluid;
that is, which preserves  its aeriform state at all
temperatures :  and ultimately it was extended to
all  aeriform bodies; — which were divided into
permanent  and non-permaent gazea.  The latter
are generally termed vapours: — they return  to
the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric is
abstracted.   The permanent  gazes, or gazea  pro-
perly so  called, are  numerous, and may be di-
vided into  four sections  with regard to their
effects on the animal economy.
1.  Irreapirdble
     gaze8.
f Carbonic  acid, ammoniacal
   gaz,  muriatic acid  gaz,
   deutoxide of azote, nitrous
   acid gaz, and chlorine.
2. Negatively dele- j H d       azote.
  terioua gazea.   {
3. Poaitively dele-
  terioua gazea.
f Oxygen, protoxide of azote,
   carburetted hydrogen, car-
   bonic oxide, sulphuretted
   hydrogen, and arseniuret-
   ted hydrogen.
  It is proper to remark that the term reapirdble
has been very differently employed by different
writers.  Sometimes it has meant  the power of
supporting life when applied to the blood in  the
lungs.   At others, all gazes have  been  deemed
irrespirable, which are incapable of being intro-
duced into  the lungs by voluntary efforts,—with-
out any relation to their power of maintaining
vitality; and this is perhaps the best sense.  The
gazes were, at one time, employed in medicine,
under great expectations,—especially by the en-
thusiastic  Beddoes;  but they are  now scarcely
ever had recourse to.  They differ, considerably,
in their effects on  the animal economy.  Some,
as oxygen,  are  exciting;  others,  as azote,  de-
pressing; whilst others, again, as the Protoxide
of azote or laughing gas, produce the most sin-
gular effects.
  Gaz, Pcl'monary, 67oz of the lungs.   A name
given to the expired air; which contains—besides
common air, an increase of  carbonic acid, water,
and some animal matter.
  Gaz  Sang'uinis, Gaz animdle san'guinis, Hal-
itua  san'guinis,  Aura san'guinis,  Hamat'mus.
The  halitus, or vapour, given  off  by freshly
drawn blood.
  GAZELLE, Antilopus.
  GEANT, Giant.
  GEBARPULVER, Ergot.
  GEDE'OLA.  The convex part of the liver.—
Du Cange.
  GEILNAU, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Geil-
nau is a village in the grand duchy of Nassau, at
no great distance from Frankfort.   The waters
contain  carbonic acid,  carbonate, sulphate,  and
phosphate of soda, chloride  of sodium, carbonate.
of lime, magnesia, and iron.
  GEISMAR, MINERAL AVATERS OF.   The-
mineral waters of Geismar,  in  Bavaria, are  aci-
dulous  chalybeates.
  GEISUM, Geiaon.  The  part  of the frontal.
bone over the eves.
  GELAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa.
  GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth. 
GELASMUS
402
GENERATION
   GELASMUS, Canine laugh.
   GEL'ATIN, Gelatine, Gelatina, Galreda, from
 (F.) GeUe, 'gelly or jelly.'  An  immediate ani-
 mal principle.  It is semitransparent, insipid, in-
 odorous, insoluble in cold  water, very soluble in
 hot, which it thickens, and transforms into gelly
 on cooling.   Gelatin is a very  nutritious  sub-
 stance ;  and,  when  dissolved in a  considerable
 quantity of water, forms an emollient fluid, much
 used in  therapeutics, but  not the most easy  of
 digestion.
   Gelatin of AVharton, GelatinaWhartonia'na,
 Jelly of tee Cord.  A soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous
 substance, which envelops the umbilical  cord, and
 is conceived, by some, to be inservient to the nu-
 trition of the fcetus.
   GELATINA  AQUATICA,  Brasenia hydro-
 peltis.
   GELATIO, Congelation.
   GELEE, Gelly.
   GELLY. Jelly, Jus gela'tum, Gelu, Jus coagu-
 la'tum, (F.) Getee.  A  substance of a  soft con-
 sistence, tremulous, and  transparent,  which  is
 obtained by an appropriate treatment, from ani-
 mal and vegetable matters: hence the distinction
 into animal and vegetable jelly.  The former is
 merely a concentrated solution of gelatin, left to
 cool.
   Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the cur-
 rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, when
 ripe.  It is of itself colourless, but almost always
 retains a little colouring matter of the fruit which
 has furnished  it.  It has an agreeable  taste; is
 scarcely  soluble in cold water, but boiling water
 dissolves it readily :  the jelly is, however, almost
 all deposited on cooling. If this aqueous solution
 be boiled for a long time,  it  becomes analogous
 to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel-
 lied on cooling.
   GELSEMI'NUM  NIT'IDUM, refVoio Jea'ea-
 mine.  The flowers, root, Ac, of  this shrub, are
 narcotic, and the effluvia from the former are said
 sometimes to induce stupor.
   GELU, Gelly.
   GELUS, Risus.
   GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii, Ischio-trochanteri-
 anus, Testicles.
   GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus, Did'ymua, 'a twin.'
 (F.) Jume.au, Jumelle, Be8aon, Beaaonne.   One of
 two  children, twins, born at the  same accouche-
 ment,  or gestation.  Also,  relating  to twins,  as
 " a twin  conception."
   Gemellus  Mcs'culus.  Cowper  applies this
 name to  the long portion of the triceps brachialis
 united to the inner portion.
   GEMINI, Ischio-trochanterianus, Testicles.
   GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE,
 Taenia semicircularis.
   GEMINUS, Gemellus.
   GEMIPOMA, Mamma.
   GEMISSEMENT, see Moaning.
   GEMMA, Granulation—g.  Oculi, Crystalline.
   GEMMATION, GENERATION BY, see Ge-
 neration.
   GEMMIPARITE, see Generation.
   GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation.
   GEMUR'SA, a corn; also  a name given by
 the ancients to a disease seated between  the toes;
 —the nature of which is unknown to us.
   GEN,  Gen'eaia, 'generation,' from ycvvaoi, 'I
make.'  Hence Hydrogen, Osteogeny, Ac
   GENA.  The  Cheek,  Genya, Parei'a,  Gamphe,
Gamphe'le, Gnathoa,  Gnathmua,  Mala, (F.)  Joue.
The  cheeks form  the lateral parts of the mouth.
Externally, they have no precise limits:  they are
continuous, above, with  the lower eyelid; below,
 they descend as far as the base of the jaw ; before,
 they terminate at the alas nasi, and at the  com-
 missures  of the lips;  and  behind,  at  the ear.
 Their  thickness varies, according to the degree
 of fatness of the individual.  They are formed of
 three layers ; — one dermoid, another muscular,
 and the third mucous.
   GENCIVES, Gingiva).
   GENEI'AS, Land go prima, Probar'bium. The
 downy hairs, which first cover the cheek.  Also,
 a bandage which passes under the chin.
   GENEION, Beard, Mentum.
   GENERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy.
   GENERALE, Influenza.
   GEXERATIO,  Generation—g. .ffiquivoea, see
 Generation—g. Calculi,  Lithia—g. Homogenea,
 see Generation—g. Primigena, see Generation—
 g. Primitiva, see Generation — g.  Originaria, see
 Generation—g. Spontanea, see Generation.
   GENERATION, Genera'tio, Gen'esis, Genne'-
 ais, Gone, Gonua, Procredtio, Procreation, Breed-
 ing, from yevui, or  yevvato, ' I engender.'  Under
 this name physiologists  comprehend the aggre-
 gate  of  functions, which concur, in organized
 beings, towards the  production of  their kind.
 The act of generation means the union of the
 sexes.   See  Coition.   The writers of antiquity
 believed, that all organized  bodies are produced
 either  by what is termed univ'ocal or regular ge-
 neration,  Homogen'eai8,  genera'tio  homogen'ea,
 propagdtio, which applies to the upper classes
 of animals and vegetables, or by spontaneous ge-
 neration, Autogon'ia, heterogen'esis, generatio he-
 terogen'ea,  aquiv'oca,  primitiva, primig"ena,
 origina'ria,  sponta'nea,   sponteparite (Duges),
 which  they considered  applicable to the  very
 lowest classes only, as the mushroom, the worm,
 the frog, Ac.  There are still many distinguished
 naturalists who consider that beings low in the
 scale of animality, are  produced in the latter
 way.   Spontaneous generation and equivocal ge-
 neration  have been regarded by many to be sy-
 nonymous.  Others, however, mean  by  sponta-
 taneous generation, the production of anew being
 from the mere combination of inorganic elements;
 whilst by equivocal generation they understand
 the  evolution  of  a new  being  from organized
 beings dissimilar to themselves, through some ir-
 regularity in their functions, or through the inci-
 pient decay or  degeneration of their tissues.  Aa
 to the mode in which regular generation is ac-
 complished, there have been many views.   Ac-
 cording to  the doctrine of Hippocrates, and of the
 ancient philosophers, the ovaries  of  the female
 furnish a prolific fluid, similar to that of the male;
 and the foetus results from the mixture of the two
 seeds in copulation. Steno and others conceived,
 that the  ovaries contain  ova, which  are not de-
 veloped until vivified by the male sperm.  Bonnet
 and Spallanzani believed in the pre-existence of
 germs, created since the origin of the world, but
 encaaed in each other, and becoming developed
 in succession;  whence it would follow that the
 ovary  of the  first female must have contained
 the germs of all subsequent generations: and that
 the number of  these germs  must go  on always
 diminishing, until ultimately extinct.  This  was
 the system of the evolution of germs.  According
 to Leeuenhoek, the ovaries do not contain eggs,
 but  vesicles destined to receive animalcules;
 which, in his view, live in the sperm.  Thousands
 of these animalcules are  thrown into the uterus
 during copulation, and the most expeditious  and
vigorous reaches the ovary, after having scattered
and destroyed its competitors.  Buffon — admit-
ting the hypothesis of the two seeds — supposed
that they were formed of molecules  proceeding 
GEXEROUS               403                 GENITAL
from every part of the body of each parent; and
that, by a kind of elective affinity, those which
were furnished by the head, the trunk, or the ex-
tremities  of the male  parent,  could only unite
with those proceeding from the same parts of the
female.  Before him, Maupertuis, admitting, with  ,
many of the ancient philosophers, the system of  ,
Epigenesis, and adopting, as regarded  the com-  ^
position of the sperm,  a theory analogous to that  5
of Buffon, had supposed that the molecules, ca-  '
pable of being organized, were attracted towards
a  centre;  that the nose  attracts the  two eyes;
the body, the arms; the arms, the hands, Ac,  P
nearly  as the particles of a salt, dissolved in a  v
liquid,  arrange themselves  in regular crystals  ^
around the  same nucleus.  These and various  a
other systems have been successively proposed  "
and abandoned, and the mystery  of generation
remains impenetrable.
   The simplest kind of reproduction does not re-  *
quire sexual organs.   The animal separates into
several fragments, which form so many new indi-  y
viduals.  This  is  Fiaaip'aroua generation, Fiasi-  i
purism, G. from fission,  (F.) Fiaaiparite, Scieai-  I
ptirite.  Gcmmip'aroua generation, (F.) Gemmipa-  \
rite, consists in the formation of buds, sporules or  i
germs on some part of the body, which at a par-  y
ticular period drop off and form  as many new
individuals.   In Ovip'arous generation, (F.) Ovi-
 parite, the egg is hatched out of  the body.  In
ovovivip'arous  generation, the  new  being is
hatched in the excretory passages.  In vivip'a-  c
rous generation, the new individual is born under  '■
its appropriate form; and in  marsu'pial or mar-  f
aupiatc generation, the young being, born at a  a
very early stage of development, is received and  u
nourished in a marsupium or pouch. In alternate  y
generation, the young  not only do not resemble  I
the parent at birth, but remain dissimilar during
their whole life, so that their relationship is not  c
apparent until a succeeding generation.   Thus,  b
the cercaria undergoes a change into the distoma.  p
   All the acts comprising the function of genera-  r
tion in man may be referred  to five great heads.  *
 1.  Copulation.   2.  Conception  or fecundation.
 3.  Gestation or Pregnancy.  4. Delivery or Ac-  o
couchement:  and, 5. Lactation.                   t
   Generation, Act of, see Generation—g. Equi-  i;
vocal, see Generation—g. by Fission, see Genera-
 tion—g. Fissiparous, see Generation—g. by Gem-  j
 mation, see  Generation — g.  Gemmiparous, see  a
 Generation — g. Marsupial, see Generation — g.
 Organs of, female, see Vulva—g. Oviparous, see  s
 Generation—g. Regular, see Generation—g. Spon-  £
 taneous, see  Generation—g. Univocal, see  Gene-
 ration—g. A'iviparous, see Generation.            c
   GEN'EROUS,  Genero'aua.   A name given to  (
 wines which contain a great quantity of alcohol,  s
   G KNESIOL'OGY, Geneaiolog"ia, from yeveais,
 'generation,' and loyos, 'a discourse.'   The doc-  .'
 trine of generation.                              t
   GENESIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal.        '
   GENESIS,  Generation.
   GENET, Spartium seoparium—g. d Balai,  c
 Spartium seoparium—g. dea Teinturiers, Genista
 tinctoria.                                       t
   GENETIILIACUS,fromytvt0Aiof,'natal,"per-
taining to nativity.'  A name  given by the an-  r
 cients to certain astrologers, who, from the state  j
 of the  heavens at the  time of the birth of an in-
 dividual, predicted his future  character and the
 events of his life.                               j
   GENET'ICA, from yevects,' origin,' 'rise.' Dis-  j
 cases  of  the  sexual functions: the 5th class in  .
 Good's Nosology.  Also, agents  that act on the  <
 sexual organs.—Pereira.                         t
   GENETICOS, Genital.                        <
  GENEA'A, Gin—g. Hollands, see Spirit.
  GENEVRIER, Juniperus communis.
  GENGIVITE, Ulitis.
  GENI, Genian.
  GE'XIAX,  Genidni.a,  Ge'nidl, from  yevtiov,
' the chin.'  The Genian apoph'ysis or Procesa,
(F.) Apophyae genienne ou ,</eni, is situate at the
posterior part of the symphysis  menti, and  is
formed of four small tubercles.
  GEXTCULATUM, see Corpora geniculata.
  GENIE, Ge'niu8.   The French sometimes ap-
ply this term to diseases nearly synonymously
with nature; as Genie infiammatoire, G. bilieux,
G. adynamique.   Some use it in the same  sense
as type ; Genie intermittent.  The unwonted pre-
dominance of any mental faculty is also so called.
  GEN IE N, Genian.
  GENIEVRE,  Gin, Juniperis  communis (the
berry.)
   GENI'OGLOSSUS,  Genio-hyogloa'aua,  from
yevctov,  'the chin,' and  lyuioaa, 'the  tongue.'
Meaoglo88u8,  Mesoglot'tus, A'onus  lingua  mua'cu-
lua.  The  name of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle,
which extends from the genian apophysis to the
inferior surface  of the  os  hyoides  and  tongue,
which it carries  forward.                            •
  GEXIOHYODES, Geniohyoideus.
  GENIOHYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
  GEXIOHYOIDES, Geniohyoideus.
  GESI'01lYOlDE\]S,Geniohyo'dca,Geniohyoi'-
dea, Mento-bicorn'eua, from yevetov, ' the chin,' and
'voeiSns, 'the os hyoides.'  A muscle which  arises
from the genian  apophysis, and is inserted at the
anterior part of  the body of the os hyoides.  Its
use is to raise the  os hyoides, and carry it for-
wards.  It may, also, contribute  to depress the
lower jaw in  contracting towards  the os hyoides.
  GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US,  from yevetov, 'the
chin,' and Qapvyt, 'the pharynx.'  A name given,
by somo anatomists, to a bundle  of fibres yyhieh
passes from the lower jaw to the sides  of the pha-
rynx, and forms part of the constrictor piharyngis
superior.
  GEN'IPA  OBLONGIFO'LIA, Huito.  A phmt
of Peru, with the juice of which the Indians paint
their legs, to protect them against the stings  of
insects.
  GENIPI ALBUM, Artemisia rupestris — g.
Blanc, Artemisia rupestris — g. A'erum, Achillea
atrata.
  GENISTA, Spartium seoparium—g. Canarien-
sis, see  Rhodium lignum — g. Hirsuta, Spartiuni
seoparium—g. Scoparia,  Spartium seoparium.
  Genis'ta Spino'sa In'mcA,Bahel Schnlli. An
oriental tree, a decoction of the roots  of which is
diuretic.  The leaves boiled in vinegar have the
same effect.—Ray.
  Genis'ta  Tincto'riA, Genislo'ldes  tincto'ria,
Spar'Hum tincto'rium, Dyers' broom, Dyers' vied,
Green weed,  Wood waxen, (F.) Genet des Teintu-
riers.  A shrub  cultivated in this country and in
Europe.   The flowering tops and  seed have been
used in medicine. It has the same  properties as
Spartium  seoparium.
  GENISTOIDES  TINCTORIA, Genista  tinc-
toria.
  GEN'ITAL, Genitalia, Genet'icos.  Same ety-
mon as Generation.   That which  belongs to ge-
neration.
   Gen'ital  Organs, S..vital Organs, Puden'da,
Noturdlia, Natu'ra, yEda'a, Mu'zea, 3Ie'sa, Mo'-
rion, Genital parts, Noble parts,  Nat'ural jiarta,
Private  parte,  Priv'itiea,  Privy parts,  Privy
Members,   the Parts, Pars,  Pars  corporis seu
obsca'na,   Fores, Partea genita'lea seu  genera-
tio'ni inaerrien'tea, P. obaca'na, Mc'dea, Vcren'-
da, Pedea, Inguen, Genitdlia, Gennet'ica, Gynina, 
GENITALE
404
GENYANTRITIS
Membra  puden'da, Or'gana generatio'ni inser-
vientia, (P.) Organes ginitaux, Parties genitalcs,
P.  honteuses,  P. genitoirea, P. nobles,  P. sex-
uelles, P. naturelles, Lea Partiea.  The parts that
are inservient to the reproduction of the species.
These are very different in the male  and female.
In  man,  they are numerous;  some secreting the
sperm, as the  testicles and  their  appendages;
others retaining it, as the vesiculae seminales;
and another for carrying it into the organs of the
female,—the penis.  In the female,  the parts of
generation form an  apparatus, perhaps more com-
plicated than that  of the male.  Some are incer-
vient to  copulation, as the vulva, vagina,  Ac.;
others to conception and the preservation of the
product for a determinate time, as the uterus and
its appendages; whilst others concur in the  ali-
mentation of the infant afterbirth, as the mammas.
  GENITALE, Sperm—g. Caput, Glans.
' GENITALIA, Genital organs —g. Viri, Pudi-
bilia.
  GENTTO-CRURAL NERVE, AWvus gen'ito-
crura'lia,  Subpu'bial  nerve,  Inter'nal  in'guinal
nerve.  A branch  of  the  second lumbar nerve,
which passes through the psoas muscle, and, ap-
proaching  the femoral arch, divides into two
branches,—an internal, scrotal, or gen'ital, nervus
spermaticus seu puden'dus exter'nua, and an ex-
ternal or femoral cutaneous branch, lumbo-ingui-
v.alis.
  GENITU'RA.   That which is  fecundated or
engendered in the  maternal womb.   This word
has been used synonymously with embryo, foetua,
and infant.  Also, the sperm; and the penis.   See
Gone.
  GENIUM, Mentum.
  GENNESIS, Generation.
  GENNETICA, Genital  Organs.
  G E N N E TIC 0 C N E S'M U S, from yevvnnxos,
'genital,' and  xvnapos, 'itching.'  Itching of the
genital organs.
  GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticonu'ai, from
)'£i<i<!7riico{,  'genital,' and  voaos,  'disease.'   Dis-
eases of  the genitals.
  GENOA, CLIMATE  OF.  The climate of this
Italian city and its  vicinity has been  often select-
ed as favourable for the phthisical valetudinarian
during the winter; but it is now admitted  to be
decidedly improper  for  pulmonary affections,
being subject  to frequent and rapid  changes of
temperature,  and  to  dry  cold winds from  the
north, alternately  with  warm moist winds from
the south-east.—Sir James Clark.
  GENONU'SI, Morbi sexits, from  yevos, 'sex,'
and vovaos, ' disease.'  Sexual diseases.
  GEN OS, Sex.
  GENOU, Genu.
  GENOUILLES, (Corps,) Corpora geniculata.
  GENRE, Genus.
  GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium.
  GENTIA,  Gentianina.
  GENTIAN, Gentiana  lutea, Triosteum — g.
Blue, Gentiana catesbasi—g. Catesbian, Gentiana
catesbasi— g. AVhite, Laserpitium latifolium — g.
Southern, Gentiana catesbasi — g. White, Trios-
teum—g. Yellow, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba.
  GENTIANA, G. lutea — g. Alba,  Laserpitium
latifolium — g. Cachenlaguen, Chironia  Chilensis
—g. Centaurium, Chironia centaurium.
  Gentiana   Catesb^e'i ;  G. Cateabidna, Blue
Gentian,  U.  S.,  Catesbian  Gen'tian,  Southern
Gentian, Bluebells, Bitterroot.  It is a pure and
simple hitter,  and the root may be used wherever
that of the Gentiana lutea is proper.
  Gentia'na Chirayta, G. Chiraylta, Henrice'a
Pharmaceur'cha, Swer'tia,  Chiraylta, Agatho'tea
chiraylta, Ophe'lia chira'ta, Chiret'ta,  Chirayl-
ta, Chirac'ta.  A native of India, which has been
much employed in that country, in dyspepsia,
and  as  an antiperiodic  in  intermittents.  It is
preferred by some to sarsaparilla, where  the lat-
ter is considered to be indicated, — as after large
quantities of mercury have been taken, or where
profuse salivation has been induced.   It has also
been advised in atonic  leucorrhoea.   It yields its
virtues to alcohol and water.
  Gentiana Crinita, see G. quinqueflora—g. Ge-
rardi, Chironia centaurium.
  Gentia'na Lu'tea.   The systematic name of
the officinal gentian;  Gentia'na, Gentia'na ma-
jor, G.vet'erum, Gentia'na rubra, Swer'tia lu'tea,
Aste'rias lu'tea,  Yellow Gentian,  Felwort.  Ord.
Gentianeos.   (F.)  Gentianc jaune.   This is  a
plant common in the mountains of Europe. Tho
root  is almost inodorous, extremely bitter, and
yields its virtues to ether, alcohol, and water.  It
is tonic and stomachic; and in large doses, ape-
rient.  Dose, gr. x. to £)ij. It is most frequently,
however, used in infusion or tincture.
  Gentiana Major, G. lutea—g. Peruviana, Chi-
ronia Chilensis.
  Gentia'na Quinqueflo'ra, Five-flowered Gen-
tian; and Gentia'na Crini'ta, Fringed Gentian,
indigenous, are possessed of like virtues.
  Gentiana Rubra,  G. lutea — g. Veterum, G.
lutea.
  GENTIANE JAUNE, Gentiana lutea.
  GENTIANI'NA, Gentianine, Gentianin, Gen-
tia'nia, Gentia.  A  supposed neutral substance,
obtained  from gentian, and, *by some, presumed
to be its active principle.  It is not so.
  GENTILITIUS, Hereditary.
  GENU, Gony, yow, (F.) Genou. The articula-
tion of the leg with the thigh ;—the Femoro-tibial
or knee-joint, the  knee.   It is  the most  compli-
cated in the body, and is formed  by the  inferior
extremity of the  femur, the superior  extremity
of the tibia, and the rotula.  The articular sur-
faces of the bones are covered by layers of carti-
lage—more or less thick—and by the synovial
membrane of the articulation.   The soft parts of
this joint are,—the ligamentum patella, two late-
ral ligaments,  distinguished by the names inter-
nal and external; a posterior ligament Ligamen'-
tumpo8ti'cum Winslow'ii; two crucial ligaments,
—the one anterior, and the other posterior; two
interarticular fibro-cartilages; some  albugineous
fibres, which form an imperfect capsule, Ac The
knee receives its  arteries from the femoral ami
popliteal.   They bear  the  name articular.  Its
veins have the same distribution as  the arteries,
and discharge  •their blood into the saphena and
crural.  Its nerves  are furnished by the sciatic,
popliteal, and  crural.   The joint is protected  by
the tendons and muscles which surround it.
  The French use the term Articulation en genou
for a joint, in which the head of a bone is received
into a bony cavity of another, where it rolls and
moves in all directions.
  Genu Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum.
  GEXUGRA, Gonagra.
  GENUINUS, Legitimate.
  GEXUS, (F.)  Genre.  A collection or group of
species, analogous to each other, and which can
be united by common characters.  When a spe-
cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con-
stitutes a distinct one.
  Genus Curationis,  Ratio medendi.
  GEXYANTRAL'GIA, from yevetov,  'the max-
illa,' avrpov, 'the antrum, and alyos, 'pain.'  Pain
in the antrum of Highmore.
  GENYANTRPTIS, from yevetov,' the maxilla,'
avrpov, ' the antrum,' and itia, denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore, 
GENYANTRUM             405                  GEOI
  GENYANTRUM. Antrum of Highmore.
  GUNVOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaea.
  GENA'S, yews, 'the jaw;' also the chin.   See
Gena.
  GEOFFRiE'A  INER'MIS, G. racemo'aa seu
Piso ni« seu Jamaiccn'aia, Vouacap'oua America'-
na, Geoffra'a, G'-offroy'a,  Cabbag"ium, Cabbage
Tree, Cabbage Bark Tree, Worm-Bark Tree, An-
di'ra inernlia seu racemo'sa.  Nut. Ord. Legu-
minosae.  Sex. Syat.  Diadelphia Decandria.  The
odour  of the bark is very unpleasant.  It is an-
thelmintic  and cathartic.   Dose of the powder,
di to^'j-
  Geoffraea Jamaicensis, G. inermis—g. Piso-
nis, G. inermis—g. Racemosa,  G. inermis.
  (iEOFFRyL'A Suriname.v'sis,  Audira  Surina-
mcu'sis, has similar properties.
  Huttcnschmidt has separated their active prin-
ciples,  to which  he has given  the names Jamai-
cine and Surinamine.  They are all alkaline.
  GkoffRjEA Vermif'uga, Andira ibai, Arriba,
Skolemo'ra Femambucenaia; a South American
plant has a fruit, the almond of which,  called
angeiine, has a  reputation at Rio Janeiro as a
vermifuge.   Dose, a grain to fifteen; or it may
be given in infusion.
  GEOFFROA'A,  Geoffraea  inermis — g. Jamai-
censis, G. inermis.
  GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL,  Geogrdphia
Med'ica.  The  description of the surface of the
globe as regards the influence of situation on the
health, vital functions,  and diseases of its inha-
bitants— vegetable and animal; but principally
on those of man.
  GEOPIFAGISM,  Geophag"ia,  Gaophag"ia,
from yn, ' earth,' and tpayw, ' I eat'  The act or
practice of eating earth.  See Chthonophagia.
  GERvEOLOG"IA, Geratolog"ia,  from  yrjpas,
' old age,' and loyos,' a discourse.'  The doctrine,
or a description, of old  age.
  GER'ANIS, from yepavos, 'a crane,'which  it
resembled.   A bandage, used by the ancients in
cases of fractured clavicle.   Some  authors attri-
bute it to Hippocrates; others, to Perigenes.
  GERA'NIUM, same etymon, because its pistil
is long, like the  bill of the  crane.  The Crane's
Bill.
  Geranium Fcetidum, G. Robertianum—g.  Ma-
culatum, see Geranium, and G. Moschatum.
  Geranium Moscha'tum ; Erod'ium Moscha-
tum, (F.)  Bee  de  grue  musque.   A  European
plant, esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic.
  Gf.ranium Noveboracense, G. Maculatum—
g. Purpureum, G. Robertianum.
  Geranium Robertia'num ;  67. fte'tidum seu
purpu'reum, Stinking Crane's Bill, Herb Robert,
(F.) Herbe  a Robert, Bee de Grue Robertin.
This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas-
modic  and slight stimulant, as well as for an ex-
ternal  application in various painful  sores  and
inflammations.
   Most of the species of geranium have been used
as  astringents.   In some  of  the northwestern
parts of t'he United States, the root of the Gera-
nium macula'tum — Gera'nium, (Ph. U. S.)—67.
Noveboracen'se,  Spotted  Crane's Rill, Crowfoot,
Alum root,  Tormentil, Stork bill—is called Racine
a  Beequet,  after  a person  of that name.   It  is
highly extolled by the Western Indians as an an-
tisvphilitic.
  GERAS. Senectus.
  GERAI, Germen, Blaste, Blaste'ma.  The rudi-
ment of a new being, not yet developed, or which
is still  adherent to the  mother.
  Germ Force,  Plastic force.
  GERMANDER, COMMON", Teucrium  cha-
maedrys—g. Creeping,  Teucrium chamasdrys—g.
Marum, Teucrium marum — g. Small, Teucrium
chamasdrys—g. AVater, Teucrium scordium.
  GERM AN DREE AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium
scordium — g.  Maritime,  Teucrium marum — g.
Officinale, Teucrium chamasdrys — g. Scorodone,
Teucrium scordium.
  GERME FA UX, Conception, false.
  GERMEN, Germ, Sperm —g. Dentale, Dental
Pulp—g. Falsum, Mole—g. Spurium, Conception,
false.
  GERMINAL  CELL, see Cytoblast—g. Mem-
brane and Vesicle; see Molecule — g. Nucleus,
see Molecule—g. Spot, see Molecule—g. A'esicle,
see Molecule.
  GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF, Panspermia.
  GEROBOS'CIA,  Gerontoboa'eia, from  ynpas,
'old age,' and Poaxn,  'food.'  Nourishment  or
maintenance proper for the aged.
  GEROCOMEUM, Gerocomium.
  GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'ice,  Gerontocom'ice,
from yepoiv, 'an aged person,' and  xopeiv, 'to take
care of.'  The part  of  medicine whose object is
the preservation of the health of the aged : — the
hygiene of old people.
  GEROCOMICE, Gerocomia.
  GEROCOMI'UM,   Gerocome'nm,   Presbyodo-
chi'um, Gerontocomlum, Gerotraphe'um, same ety-
mon.  An hospital for the aged.
  GEROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
  GEROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
  GEROXTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis.
  GERONTOBOSCIA, Gcrotoscia,
  GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia,
  GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium.
  GERONTO'PIA,  from yvpas,  'old age,'  and
unp, ' the eye.'   AVeakness of sight of the aged.
  GEROXTOTOXON, Gerotoxon.
  GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon.
  GEROTOX'ON,  Gerontox'on,   Gerontotox'on,
Mac'ula  cor'nea arcudta, Arcus  seni'lis; from
yepoiv, 'an  old person,' and ro^ov, 'a bow.'   A
bow-shaped obscurity at the  under margin of the
cornea,  common to old people.
  GEROTROPHEUM, Gerocomium.
  GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia.
  GERSA, Plumbi subcarbonas—g. Serpentarias,
see Arum maculatum.
  GESTA, ' things  done,' from  gerere, gestum,
'to do,'  'carry.'  A Latin  term,  introduced by
Ha!16 into medical language, to designate, among
the objects which  belong to  hygiene, the func-
tions which consist in the voluntary  movements
of muscles and  organs.  In the  class 6-'csta are
found sleep, the  waking state, movementa or loco-
motion, and rest.
  GESTA'TION, Geatdtio, Phora, from gestare,
' to carry.'  The time during which a  female who
has conceived  carries the embryo in her uterus.
See Pregnancy.  Gestation, likewise, signifies the
bearing or carrying of an individual; a kind  of
exercise  easier than that in  which he moves by
virtue of his own  powers.   Thus, we speak  of
gestation on horseback,  in a carriage,  Ac
  (testation,   Protracted.   Pregnancy pro-
tracted beyond the usual period.  See Pregnancy.
  GESTICULATION, Geaticuldtio,  same  ety-
mon.   The  act of making many gestures;  a
symptom in disease, which indicates great ence-
phalic erethism.   It is met with in numerous
affections.
  GETHYL'LIS SPIRA'LTS. A South African
plant,  Nut.  Ord. Amaryllidea\  the  orange-co-
loured fruit of which has a peculiar  fragrance.
An infusion in spirit or tincture is used in flatu-
lence  and colic.
  GEUM. G. rivale — g. Caryophyllatum, G. ur- 
GEUMA
406
GINGLYMUS
banum — g. Nutans,  G. rivale — g. Palustre, G.
rivale.
  Geum Rivale, 67. palus'tre seu  nutans, Caryo-
phylla'ta aquat'iea seu nutans, Benedic'ta sylves'-
tria, Water arena, (F.) Beno'ue aquatique, B. dea
Ruia8aiix.  Family,  Rosaceas.  Sex. Syst.  Ico-
sandria Polygynia.   The  root of this plant,
Geum  (Ph. U.  S.),  is  astringent.  It has  been
much extolled in the cure of  intermittents,  diar-
rhoea, hemorrhage, Ac.
  Geum  Urbanum, 67. caryophylidturn,  Caryo-
phylldta, C. vulga'ris seu urba'na, Caryophyl'lua
vulga'ria, Sanamun'da, Lagophthalmua,  Caryo-
phyl'la, Janamun'da, Common avena, Herb  Ben-
net, Herba benedic'ta, (F.) Benoite.  The root of
this plant has a smell not unlike  that of cloves.
Taste bitterish, austere;  virtues yielded to water
and alcohol.  It has been used  in intermittents,
dysentery, chronic diarrhcea,  debility, Ac.  Dose,
5Jss to gj of the powder.
  Geum  Vernum, Western early  avena, has the
same properties as
  Geum  A7irginia'num, White avena, Avena,  Evan
root, Choc'olate root, Bennet,  Throat root,  Cure-
all, (F.)  Benoite de  Virginie,  is common  from
Maine to Carolina  and  Kentucky, flowering in
June and July.  It has the same medical proper-
ties as Geum rivale.
  GEUMA, Taste.
  GEUSION'OSI, from yevais,  'taste,' and  voaos,
'disease.'  Geuaionu'ai.  Diseases  of the  organ
or  sense  of taste.
  GEUSIS, Taste.   Rarely,  the  root  of the
tongue—Radix lifigu<B.
  GEUTHMOS, Taste.
  GEZIR, see Pastinaca opoponax.
  GEZIT, Cagot.
  GEZITAIN,  Cagot.
  GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativus.
  GHITTA JEMOCO, Cambogia.
  GIALAPPA, Convolvulus  Jalapa.
  GIANT, Gigaa, (F.) Geant.  One much above
the ordinary stature.
  GIBBA, Hump.
  GIBBER, Hump.
  GIBBEROSITAS,  Gibbositas.
  GIBBOS'ITAS, Gibberos'itas, Cypho'sis,  Rha-
chio-cypho'8ia,  from (F.) Gibbeux, (L.)  Gibbus,
'something arched or vaulted;  prominent,'   Gib-
bos'ity, Gib'bousness, Curvature of the. spine, Hy-
bo'ma.   A symptom which  occurs in  different
diseases; particularly in  rickets and caries of the
vertebras.  See Hump.
  Gibbositas Cariosa, A^ertebral disease.
  GIBBOUSNESS, Gibbositas.
  GIBBUS, Hump—g. Pottii, Vertebral disease.
  GIBLETS.  According  to Minsheu,  from
 Gobbet, Goblet; but,  according to Junius,  from
(F.) Gibier, 'game.'  The word seems to be the
old (F.)  Gibelez, Gibelet,  Ac,  i.  e.  Gibier, (L.) Ci-
barium, food, (F.) Abattis.  It  means, generally,
the parts which are cut off from a goose before it
is  roasted.  Also, the  extremities of fowls,  such
as  the head, wings, feet; to which are sometimes
added, the liver, gizzard, Ac.  Soup, made  from
these, is moderately nutritious.
   GIDDINESS, Arertigo.
   GIDDY, Vertiginous.
   GIGANTEUS, Gisrantic
    GIGANTESQUE, Gigantic.
   GIGAX'TIC, Gigantc'us, Giganto'dea, (F.) Gi-
ganteaque.  Relating to one much above the or-
dinary stature.
   GIGANTODES, Gigantic
   GIGARTINA HELMINTHOCHORTON, Co-
rallina Corsicana—g. Lichenoides, Fucus amyla-
 ceus.
  GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum  dracun-
cuius.
  GIGAS, Giant
  GILARUM, Thymus serpyllum.
  GILEAD, BALM OF, see Amyris opobalsamum.
  GILET DE FORCE, AVaistcoat, strait
  GILL, Glechoma hederacea.
  Gill-go-by-ground, Glechoma hederacea.
  GILLA THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas —g.
Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas.
  GILLE'NIA  STIPULA'CEA, Small-flowered
In'dian Physic has the same properties as
  Gille'nia Trifolia'ta,  Spira'a trifolidta,
Common Gille'nia, Indian Physic, Western Drop-
wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecac, Bowman's root, Mea-
dow eweet, Beuumont root.  A'at. Ord. Rosacea1.
Sex.  Syat. Icosandria Pentagynia.   The  root of
this shrub,—Gille'nia, (Ph. U. S.)—which grows
plentifully  in the  United States, is a safe and
efficacious emetic, in the dose of about 30 grains.
It resembles ipecacuanha in its  properties.
  GILLIFLOWER,  Dianthus caryophyllus.
  GIM'BERNAT'S  LIGAMENT.   A  fibrous,
triangular expansion, which is detached from the
posterior and inner part of the crural arch, and is
inserted into the crest of the pubis.  This liga^
ment forms  the inner part of the superior aper-
ture  of the  crural canal.  It is one of the most
frequent causes of strangulation in  crural hernia.
  GIN, Hollanda,  Gene'va, (F.) Geniivre.  This
spirit,  which is distilled from corn and juniper
berries, or  from some  substitute   for them,  is
largely used in  Great Britain; and is extremely
detrimental, to the lower classes particularly. It
possesses the properties of other spirituous liquors,
but is, in popular medicine, more used than other
varieties, in  cases of colic or intestinal pain of any
kind.  See Spirit.
  Gin  Drinker's  Liver,  Liver,   nutmeg — g.
Liver, Liver, nutmeg.
  GINGEMBRE, Amomum zingiber.
  GINGER, Amomum zingiber—g. Beer powder,
see Amomum zingiber—g. Indian,"Asarum cana-
dense— g. Jamaica,  concentrated essence of, see
Amomum zingiber — g. Preserved,  see Amomum
zingiber—g. Wild, Asarum Canadense.
  GINGIBRA'CHIUM, from  gingiva,  'the
gums,' and  brachium, 'the arm.'  A name given
to the scurvy, because the  gums  and arms are
chiefly affected  by it.  It has, also, been called
Gingipe' dium,  because  the  lower   limbs are in
many  cases the seat of scorbutic spots. See Por-
phyra nautiea.
  GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Por-
phyra nautiea.
  GINGI'V^E,  from gignere, 'to beget,' because
the teeth are,  as  it were, begotten in them. (?)
The gums, ovla, U'la, Camic'ula,  (F.) Gencivci.
The portion of the mucous  membrane of the
mouth which covers the maxillary bones to the
level  of the alveolar arches.   The gums  are
formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of
a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to
the  necks  of the  teeth,  and transmits,  between
the  roots and  their alveoli, a  very thin expan-
sion,—the  alveolo-dental perioateum.  The gums
fix the teeth and contribute  greatly to their soli-
dity.  In the aged, after the loss  of the teeth,
they become fibrous and very solid, and are in-
servient to mastication.
   GINGIVA'LIS, Ulet'icna, U'licua; from gin-
giva.  'the gums.'   Relating to the gums.
   GING'LYMOID,  Ginglymdideua,  Ginglymo'-
des. from yiyylvpos, 'a ginglymus,' and etoos,_ 're-
semblance.   Resembling a ginglymus or hinge.
An  epithet applied  to joints which resemble a
hinge, as a ainglymoid joint.
   GIN'GLYMUS, Cardinamen'turn,  Cardo,  'a 
GINSENG
407
GLANDULA
hinge.'  (F.) Charm'tre, Articulation en charniere.
A species of diarthrodial articulation, which only
admits of motion in two directions, like a hinge,
—as the knee-joint or elbow-joint
   GINSENG,  Panax quinquefolium—g. Blue,
Caulophyllum  thalictro'ides — g.  Yellow, Caulo-
phyllum thalictro'ides—g.  Horse, Triosteum—a.
AVhite, Triosteum.
   GIRAFFE,  Dengue.
   GIRARD ROUSSIN, Asarum.
   GIRDLE, Cingulum.
   GIRL.  This seems, formerly, to have been
an appellation common to both sexes.  Many
etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth.
Karl, 'a man.'  It means a young female, (L.)
Filia, from  tptlctv, 'to love.'  (F.) Fille.
   G1ROELE,  see Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GIRO FLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   GISSA, Cynanche parotidasa.
   GIZZARD, A'entriculus  callosus.
   GLABELLA, Mesophryon.
   GLABELLAD, see Glabellar.
   GLABEL'LAR, from glabella, 'the space  be-
the eyebrows.'  An epithet for an aspect towards
the glabella.—Barclay.  Glabellad is used adver-
bially by the same writer to signify ' towards the
glabellar aspect'
   GLABRITIES, Calvities.
   GLACE,  Ice.
   GLACIALE, Mesembryanthemum  crystalli-
nutn.
   GLACIALIS HUMOR,  Crystalline.
   GLACIES, Ice.
   GLADIOLUS,  Machasrion—g. Casruleus,  Iris
Germanica.
   Gladi'olus  Commu'nis, G.  vulga'ris,  Victo-
ria'lis rotun'da,  Corhflag, Victoria'lis feminea,
(F.) Glayeul.   The  root of this plant has been
considered aphrodisiac.  Applied in cataplasm, it
has been extolled against scrofulous tumours.
   Gladiolus Luteus, Iris  pseudacorus—g. A'ul-
garis, G. communis.
   GLADIUS, Penis.
   GLAMA,  Lippitudo, Chassie.
   GLAND,  Glan'dula,  Gran'dula,  from  glans,
'an  acorn, a kernel.'  Aden.   The ancient ana-
tomists gave this name to a number of organs of
a texture generally  soft, and  a  shape  more  or
less globular, but differing greatly in  their nature
and  functions.  They applied  it,  for instance, 1.
To those  organs which  separate from the blood,
any  fluid whatever.  AVhen  such  organs  were
composed of several lobules, united  by common
vessels,  they received  the name  conglomerate
glands,  as the parotid, pancreas,  Ac.  2. To the
reddish  and  spongy, knot-like  bodies, which are
met with in  the course of the lymphatics.  These
they  called  conglobate glands; — see  Ganglion
(lymphatic;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other
organs, whose intimate texture  and functions are
still  unknown, as the Pineal  gland, Pituitary
gland, Glands of Pacchioni, Thyroid gland, Thy-
mus  gland.  Supra-renal  glands,  Ac.  Chaussier
restricts the  word gland to those softish, granular,
lobated organs, composed of vessels,  and a parti-
cular texture, of which there are in the human
body, the lachrymal, salivary, and mammary,  the
testicles, the liver, pancreas, and kidneys.  These
permanent glands, or glands with permanent ducts,
are all destined to draw from the blood the mole-
cules  necessary for the formation of new fluids ;
and  to convey these fluids externally, by means
of one or more excretory ducts.  Several glands
besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser-
voirs, in which the fluids, secreted by them, col-
lect,  remain  for a greater  or less space of time,
and  undergo slight  modifications before being
evacuated; — such are, the gall-bladder for  the
liver, the urinary bladder for the kidneys, Ac.
Each gland has an  organization peculiar to it,
but we know not the  intimate nature of the glan-
dular texture. — Malpighi believed  that the ves-
sels terminate in small, solid masses, to which he
gave the name — glandular grains or acini.   In
these, he considered, the excretory duets originate.
Ruysch thought that the glands are  entirely vas-
cular, and that the excretory ducts  are  immedi-
ately continuous with the vasa afferentia, Ac. The
best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre-
ting vessel is distributed on the animal membrane,
which forms the blind extremity of the excretory
duct, and that  the secretion is effected through
it by means of cells.
  The term glande (F.) is sometimes  appropriated
to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge-
ment of a lymphatic  ganglion.
  GLAND, Glans—g. Accessory, of the Parotid,
see Parotid — g. Globate, Conglobate gland — g.
Prostate, Prostate—g. Salivary, abdominal, Pan-
creas.
  GLAND AGE, Adenophyma.
  GLANDE, Gland —gr. Thyrdide, see Thyroid
gland.
  GLAX'DERS, Equinia—g. Farcy, see Equinia.
  GLANDES BRONCHIQUES,Bronchial
glands—g.  Conglobeea, Conglobate glands—g. de
Croiasunce, AA'axing  kernels — g. de Meibomius,
Meibomius, glands of.
  GLAXDIFORM  CORPUSCLE,  Acinus —g.
Ganglion, see Ganglion.
  GLANDIUM, Thymus.
  GLANDS, see Quercus Alba — g. Accessory,
Cowper's glands—g.  Aggregate, Peyeri glandulas
—g. Agminated, Peyer's glands—g. Aporic, Gan-
glions, glandiform—g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi-
form — g. Diapnogenous,  see  Perspiration — g.
Havers's, Synovial glands—g.  of  Bartholinus,
Cowper's glands of the female—g. Cowper's, see
Cowper's glands—g. of Duverney, Cowper's glands
of the female — g. Lenticular, Lenticulares glan-
dulas—g. Lieberkiihn's, Lieherkiihn's glands, see
Intestine—g. Miliary, Sebaceous glands—g.  Oil,
Sebaceous glands—g. Permanent, see Gland—g.
Peyer's, Peyeri glandulas — g. Renal, Capsules,
renal — g. Sebaceous, see Sebaceous glands—g.
Solitary, Brunner's glands—g. Sudoriparous, see
Perspiration—g. Sweat, see Perspiration.
  Glands,  Temporary,  Glands without perma-
nent orificea.  Glands, that consist of  a single
primary vesicle or sacculus, which, having  ela-
borated a secretion  in its  interior, bursts,  dis-
charges it,  and disappears.   Peyer's glands,  and
the Graafian vesicles afford examples of these.
  Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson
— g.  A'ascular, see  Ganglion — g.  of  \resalius,
Bronchial glands—g. of AVillis, Albicantia corpo-
ra, Mamillan' tubercles.
  GLANDULA, Gland—g. ad Aures,  Parotid—
g. Avicennas, Encystis — g.  Bartholiniana, Sub.
lingual gland — g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland—g.
Colli, Tonsil—g. Innominata  Galeni, Lachrymal
gland — g.  Lachrvmalis,  Lachrymal gland — g.
Mucosa,  Conglobate  gland — g.  Pinealis, Pineal
gland—g. Pituitosa,  Pituitary gland—g. Rivini-
ana, Sublingual  gland —g. Salivalis abdominis,
Pancreas — g. Socia Parotidis,  see  Parotid — «■.
Thymus, Thymus—g. Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland.
  Glandul.i: Agminate,  Peyeri glandulas —g.
Articulares, Synovial glands — g.  Assistentes.
Prostate — g. Brunneri, Brunner's  glands-^ tr.
Cervieis uteri, Xabothi glandule — g. Dura; ma-
tris, G. Pacchioni —g. Durae meningis, G. Pac-
chioni — g. in Agmen congregate intestinorum,
Peyeri glandulas — g. Intestinales, Peyeri glan-
dulas— g. Meibomianas, Meibomius, glands of—
g. Mucosas coagmlnatas intestinorum, Peyeri glan-
dulas—g. Muciparae racemi tim congest* intesti- 
GLANDULAIRE
408
GLOBULE
norum,  Peyeri glandulas — g. Myrtiformes, Ca-
runculas  myrtiformes — g. Odorifcru' Tysoni, see
Sebaceous glands — g. Peyerianas, Peyeri glan-
dulas — g. Plexiformes, Peyeri G. — g. Prostatas
mulierum, see Corpus glandulosum mulierum —
g. Scbaceas  ciliares, Meibomius,  glands  of—g.
Solitarias, Brunner's glands — g. Spurias, Peyeri
glandulas, Ganglions, glandiform—g. Sudoriferas,
see Perspiration — g. Suprarenales, Capsules, re-
nal—g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands of Tyson—g.
Utriculares,  Utricular  Glands — g.  Vasculosae,
Conglomerate glands — g. Vesalianas, Bronchial
glands.
   GLANDULAIRE,  Glandular.
   GLAND'ULAR,  Glandularis, Glandulo'sua,
(F.) Glandulaire, Glanduleux.  Having the ap-
pearance, form, or texture of Glands ; as a. glan-
dular body, a glandular texture, Ac.
   Glandular Substance of the Kidney, see
Kidney.
   GLANDULE OF MALPIGHI,  see Corpora
Malpighiana.
   GRANDULEUX, Glandular.
   GLAXDULO'SO-CARXEUS.   Ruysch gives
this epithet to fleshy excrescences which he found
in the bladder.
   GLANDULOSUS,  Glandular.
   GLANS,   (' an acorn.')   Bal'anus,  Cyt'taraa,
 Cttspis,  Caput, C.  Penis,  Genitdle caput,  (F.)
 Gland.  The extremity of the penis and of the
clitoris.   The glans penis is of a conical, slightly
flattened shape.  It is  continuous with the ure-
thra, which opens  at its apex;  and is  circum-
scribed by  a projecting edge, called the Coro'na
glandis.  It is covered by a  thin mucous mem-
brane ; is furnished,  at its base, with sebaceous
follicles, called glan'dula odorif'era Tyso'ni, the
secretion from which is termed  Smegma prepu'-
tii; and can, almost always, be covered by the
reflection of the skin, called the prepuce. Lastly,
it is  formed of a spongy texture, susceptible of
being thrown into erection.
   Glans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository.
   Glans Clitor'idis is  smaller.  It is  imper-
 forate, and  likewise covered with  a  sort of pre-
 puce formed by the mucous membrane of the
 vulva.
   Glans Jovis Theophrasti, Fagus castanea—
 g. Ulnas, Olecranon—g. Unguentaria, Guilandina
 moringa, Myrobalanus.
   GLAREA, Gravel.
   GLASS,  Vitrum.
   GLAUBER'S  SALTS, Soda, Sulphate of.
   GLAUCEDO,  Glaucoma.
   GLAUCO'MA, from  ylavxoe,  'sea-green.'
 Glauco'sis,  Glauce'do, Catarac'ta glauca,  Oc'ulus
 ca'aiua, Ca'siua,  Phtharma glauco'ma, Parop'sis
 glauco'sia,  Apoglauco'aia.   Amongst the  older
 pathologists, this word was used synonymously
 with cataract.  It is now  ordinarily  applied  to
 opacity of  the vitreous humour or of  the tunica
 hyaloidea,  which manifests itself by a  grayish,
 or greenish  spot,  apparent through  the  pupil.
 The diagnosis is generally  difficult; and the dis-
 ease is almost always incurable.
    Glaucoma AVoulhousi, Cataract.
    GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma.
    GLAYEUL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris — g. Puant,
 Iris fcetidissima.
    GLECHO'MA   HEDERA'CEA,   G. hirau'-
 tum, Heder'ula, Chamacle'ina, C. hedera'cea, Ca-
 lamin'tha hedera'cea, Calamin'ta humil'ior, Cha-
 macis'sns,  Hed'era terres'tris, Nep'eta glecho'ma,
 Panace'a pec'toria, Ground-ivy, Gill,  Gill-go-by-
 ground, Alehoof, Robin runttuay, (F.) Lierre ter-
 reatre, Terrctte.  This  plant  has a  strong smell,
 and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic,  taste.   It
 has been considered expectorant and tonic.
  GLECIION, Mentha pulegium.
  GLECHONFTIS.   AVine,  impregnated  with
the Glechon, yXij^ui', mantha pulegium, or penny-
royal.
  GLECOMA IIIRSUTUM,  G.  hederaceum.
  GLEET, see Gonorrhoea,
  GLEME, Chassie, Lippitudo.
  GLENE, ylnvri.  The pupil. The anterior part
of the eye.  The eyeball.   The eye. According
to some, the crystalline lens.   Also, a glenoid
cavity.
  OLENITIS, Phacitis.
  GLENOID, Glenc.
  Gle'noid, Glenoid'al, Glenoida'lis, Glcno'i'dee,
Gleno'dea,  Gleno'i'deua, from  ylrjvt},  'the pupil,'
and eiSos, 'resemblance.'   (F.) GUno'ide, Gleno'i-
dale. Any shallow, articular cavity, Glene, which
receives  the  head of  a bone; such as, 1. Tho
glenoid earity or fo8aa of the  scapula, Fossa gle-
no'idea,  Omocolyle, Acetab'ulum hu'meri, Cav'i-
tas hu'meri gleno'idea,  Entypo'aia, is situate at
the anterior  angle of  the  scapula;  and is arti-
culated  with  the head of the humerus.  2. The
glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal  bone.  It
is seated between the two roots of  the zygomatic
process,  and receives  the  condyle of the lower
jaw.
   Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament GUno'idien,
is a fibro-cartilaginous ring  or bourrelet, which
seems formed by the expansion of the tendon of
the long head of the biceps braehialis, aDd sur-
rounds  the glenoid cavity of  the scapula, tho
depth of which it increases.
   GLENOIDALE, Glenoid.
   GLISCHRAS'MA, Glie'chrotea,  from yltajrpat-
vu>, (ylia, ' glue,')  ' I become  glutinous.'  Lentor,
viscidity.—Hippocrates.
   GLISCHROCH'OLUS, from yltaXpos, 'viscid,'
and X0A17, 'bile.' An epithet for  excrement which
is glutinous and bilious.
   GLISCHROTES, Glischrasma.
   GLISOMARGO, Creta.
   GLOBE, Bandage  (head)—g. of the Eye, see
Eye—g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
   GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globularia
alypum.
   GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM, Globula'ria,
Montpellier Turbith,  (F.) Globulaire purgative,
 Turbith blanc.   The leaves of this plant are hit-
ter, and have been used in  intermittents and in  '
constipation.  See Alypon.
   GLOB'ULE,  Glob'ulua,  Spha'rion, Spha'rula.
A small globe.
   Globules  of  TnE  Blood,  Blood globuha,
Blood-corpuscles,  Blood-disks,  Blood-vesicles,
 Glob'uli,  Vesic'ula,   Spha'rula  seu  Follic'idi
san'guinis, (F.)  Globules du  sang, are  small, cir-
 cular bodies, which are particularly observable
 when the transparent  parts of cold-blooded ani-
 mals are examined by the aid of the microscope;
 and are  met with in the blood  of all  animals.
 They are circular in the mammalia, and elliptical
 in birds and cold-blooded animals; are flat in
 all animals,  and generally composed of a central
 nucleus enclosed in a membranous sac.   Che-
 mically, they consist of hasmatin  and  globulin—
 hamato-globulin.

            Size  of the Globules.

 Sir E.  Home and Bauer,  with ) 1.1700th part of
   colouring matter,   .    .   J    an inch.
 Eller,       ....    1.1930
 Sir E.  Home and Bauer, with- 1 - jono
   out colouring matter,   .   J
 Miiller,    ....    1.2300 to  1.3500
 Mandl,     ....    1.2625 to  1.3150 
a LOBULE
409
GLOSSOGRAPHY
IIoilKkin, Lister, and Rudolphi,
Sprengcl,   ....
Cavallo,    ....
Donn6,     ....
Jurin and Gulliver,
Bhuncnbach and Senac,
Tabor,     ....
Milne Edwards, .
AVagner,   ....
Kuler,     ....
Provost and Dumas,  .
Haller, AVollaston, and AVeber,
Young.....
1.3000,
1.3000 to 1.3500
1.3000 to 1.4000
1.3150 to 1.3280
1.3240
1.3330
1.3600
1.3900
1.4000
1.4000 to 1.6000
1.4056
1.5000
1.6060
  GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS, see Sigmoid
valves—g. du Sanq, Globule of the blood.
  (J LOBULES,  GANGLION, see Neurine —g.
Chyle,  see  Chyle — g.  Lymph, see  Lymph — g.
Milk, see Milk—g. Mucous, see  Mucus—g. Pus,
see Pus—g. Pyoid, see Pus.
  GLOBULI ARTERIARUM  TERMINI, see
Acinus—g. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood—g.
Tartari  martiales, Ferrum  tartarizatum—g. Tar-
tratis ferri et lixiviae, Ferrum tartarizatum.
  GLOB'ULIN, Glob'uUne, Blood cdaein.  The
colourless substance that remains after the ab-
straction of the  colouring matter of the blood-
corpuscle.  It is a peculiar albuminous principle.
The  globulin of Berzelius consists of the  enve-
lopes of the blood globules, and of the part of
their contents that remains after the extraction
of the  hasmatin.   Lecanu  regards it as identi-
cal with albumen; and, according to Mulder, it
belongs to the combinations of protein.
  The  term globulin  is  likewise  given by M.
Donn6 to small granulations appertaining  to the
chyre, which are observable in the blood with the
microscope.  They are small white roundish, iso-
lated or irregularly agglomerated grains; of about
the 1-300 of a millimetre in  diameter, and are re-
garded by M. Donncs as the first  elements of the
blood globules.  They are  the white granulated
corpuscles of Mandl.
  GLOBULUS  ARANTII, see  Sigmoid valves
—g. Nasi, see  Nasus—g. Sanguineus,  Punctum
saliens—g. Stapedis Ossis, Os orbiculare.
  GLOBUS HYSTERICUS, Nodus Hystericus,
An'gone, Anad'rome.   A sensation, experienced
by hysterical persons, as if a round body were
rising from the  abdomen towards the larynx, and
producing a sense of suffocation.
  Globus Major, see Epididymis — g. Minor,
see  Epididymis — g. Martialis, Ferrum tartari-
zatum.
  Globus Uteri'nus.  A term applied  by accou-
cheurs to the round tumour, formed by the uterus
in the lower part of the abdomen, immediately
after delivery.
  GLOMERATE, Conglomerate.
  GLOAPERULE, Glomer'uliu; from glomus, 'a
clew of thread.' A ball  or clew, formed  by an
agglomeration of vessels; as Glomerule of Malpi-
ghi ; see Corpora Malpighiana.
  GLOSSA, Glotta, 'the  tongue.'  The power of
speech.  Speech.  Hence:
  GLOSSAGRA, Glossalgia.
  GLOSSA L'GIA, Glos'aagra, from ylwaaa, 'the
tongue,' and alyos, ' pain.'  Pain in the tongue.
  GLOSSANIS'CHUM. Gloaaanoch'eua, Gloasan'-
ochum,  from yltaaaa,  'tongue,' and  avtxetv,  'to
hold up.'  An  instrument for  holding up the
tongue.
  G LOSSANOCHEUS, Glossanisehum.
  G LOSSANUCIIUM, Glossanisehum.
  G LOSS A X 'THRAX, Pestis glossan'thrax, from
ylwaa.i, 'the tongue,' and  av$pa!;, 'a carbuncle.'
Carbuncle of the tongue.  A disease more common
in cattle than in man.
  GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC, Glossepiglot'ticua. Re-
lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Ligamem'-
tum glossepiglotlicum.
  GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle.
  GLOSSPTIS, from ylwaaa, 'the tongue,' and
itia, a suffix denoting inflammation.   Gloaaon'cus
infiammato'riua, Angi'na lingudria  seu lingua'-
lia,  Infiamma'tio  Lingua,  Inflammation of the
tongue, (F.) Inflammation de  la Langue.   AVhen
confined to the  mucous membrane, it is of slight
importance.  That yphich affects the whole of the
tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo-
rous use of antiphlogistics.   It is rare.
  GLOSSOCACE, from ylioaaa, 'the tongue,' and
xaxos,  'evil.'   Ulceration   of  the tongue, with
symptoms of adynamic fever.
  GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoacir'rhus,. Car-
cino'ma Lingua, from ylwaaa, ' the tongue,' and
xapxtvuipa, ' cancer.'  Cancer of the tongue.
  G L 0 S S 0 CAT'O C H U S, Gloaaocat'oche, from
yloiaaa, ' the  tongue,' and xare^ta, ' I arrest.' Lin-
gua Deten'tor,  Spec'ulum Oria, (F.) Abaisseur de
la langue.  An instrument, the invention of which
is attributed to Paulus of ^Egina, and which was
employed to depress the tongue, in order to exa-
mine diseases  of the  fauces.  It  was composed
of two branches; one of which had, at its extre-
mity, a plate for depressing  the tongue;  whilst
the other, shaped  like a horse-shoe, was  applied
under  the  chin.  The finger,  or the  handle of a
spoon, or a spatula, is now  alone used in similar
cases.  See Catagoglossum.
  GLOSSOCE'LE, from yltaaaa, 'the  tongue,'
and xr/lij,  'hernia,' 'tumour.'  Hernia  if  the
Tongue,  Paragloa'se,  Prolap'aua lingua, Glosso-
megis'tus, Glossopto'sis.  Projection of the tongue
from the  mouth.  It depends, generally, on  an
inflammatory swelling of the organ.  At times,
however, a chronic  glossocele,  or sort of osdenia-
tous engorgement, is met with; which proceeds
to a great length, and deforms the dental arches,
the lips, Ac.   Inflammatory  glossocele must  be
combated by antiphlogistics.   In the oedematous
kind, such as is sometimes caused  by excessive
salivation, the  infiltrated  fluid may be  pressed
back by the hand of the practitioner, to get the
tongue behind the teeth;  and it may be kept
there by a piece of gauze tied over  the mouth.
The chronic, elongated kind sometimes requires
amputation of a portion of the organ.
  GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus.
  GLOSSOCOMON,  Glossoc'omum,  Glossocoml-
on, from  ylioaaa,  'the tongue,' and xpuvo,  'to
guard.'  The ancients gave this name to a small
case for holding the tongues of their wind-instru-
ments.   By extension, it was  applied to the box
or cradle in which fractured limbs were kept. We
find, in the ancient writers, a Glossoeomon of Hip-
pocrates, of Nymphodorus, Galen, Ac.
  GLOSSODESMUS, Frasnum linguas.
   GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS.  That which be-
longs to  the tongue and epiglottis.  Some anato-
mists have so denominated certain  fleshy fibres,
which pass from the base of the tongue towards
the epiglottis.  These muscles are more evident
in some of the  mammalia than in man; and their
use  seems to be,—to  raise  the epiglottis, and to
remove it farther from the glottis.   Santorini,
who described  them after Eustachius, calls them
Retracto'res Epiglot'tidis.
   GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC LIG'AMENTS,
Frana epiglot'tidis. Three folds of mucous mem-
brane, which connect the  anterior surface of the
epiglottis with  the root of the tongue.
   GfA)fifiOG'rlAFIlY,Glo88ogra'phia,from yluxr-
aa, ' the tongue,' and ypatpn, ' a description.'   An
anatomical description of the tongue. 
               GLOSSO-HYAL

   GLOSSO-HYAL.   A name given, by Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire, to  the posterior cornua of the os
hyoides.
   GLOSSOL'OGY,  Glosaolog"ia,  from  ylwaaa,
' the tongue,' and Xoyos, ' a treatise,'  ' a discourse.'
A  treatise on the  tongue.
   GLOSSOL'YSIS, Gloaaople'gia, Paral'ysi8 lin-
gua,  P. ATervi hypogloasi,  from ylwaaa, ' the
tongue,' and Ivais, ' solution.'  Paralysis of the
tongue.
   GLOSSOMANTI'A, Progno'sis ex lingua, from
ylwaaa,  ' the tongue,' and pavreia, ' divination.'
Prognosis from the state of the tongue.
   GLOSSOMEGISTUS, Glossocele, Paraglosse.
   GLOSSON'CUS, from ywlcaa, 'the tongue,'and
oyxos,  ' tumour.'   Exonco'sis lingua.   Swelling
of the tongue.
   Glossoncus  Inflammatorius, Glossitis.
   GLOSSO-PALATINUS, Glosso-staphylinus—
g. Pharyngeal, Pharyngo-glossal.
   GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL, Glosso-pharyngeus
—g. p. Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve.
   GLOSSO-PHARYNGEUS, Glossopharyngeal,
from ylwaaa, 'the tongue,' and tpapvy^, 'the pha-
rynx.'  Belonging to  the  tongue and pharynx.
Some  anatomists  thus designate certain fleshy
bundles, which arise from the lateral parts of the
base of the  tongue, and are inserted into the pa-
rietes  of the pharynx.  They  form part of the
constrictor pharyngis superior.
   GLOSSOPLEGIA, Glossolysis.
   GLOSSOPTOSIS, Glossocele.
   GLOSSOSCIRRHUS, Glossocarcinoma.
   GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from ylwaaa,  'the tongue,'
and axonew, 'I  view.'  Inspection of the  tongue
as an index of  disease.
   GLOSSOSPAS'MUS, Glosaoco'ma, Spaamua
lin'gua, from ylwaaa, ' the  tongue,'  and attaapos,
' spasm.'  Cramp or spasm of the tongue.
   GLOSSOSPA'THA,  Spat'ula  pro ore, from
ylwaaa,  'the tongue,' and airadn, 'spatula.'   A
spatula for  pressing down the tongue to enable
the fauces to be examined.
   GLOSSO-STAPHYLPNUS, from ylwaaa, 'the
tongue,' and aratpvln, 'the uvula.'  Glossopalatl-
nus, Pala'to-glossus, Constric'tor Isthmi Fau'cium.
A  small, thin,  narrow, and long muscle, which
arises from the  base of the tongue, and is insert-
ed at the inferior and lateral part  of the velum
palati, in the anterior pillar of which it is situate.
Its use is to contract the isthmus faucium, by de-
pressing the venum palati, and raising the base
of the tongue.
   GLOSSOSTERE'SIS, Lingua extirpdtio, from
ylwaaa,  'the tongue,' and arepnais, 'privation.'
Extirpation of  the tongue.
   GLOSSOSTROPH'IA, from ylwaaa, 'tongue,'
and arpetpw, ' I  turn.'  Doubling of the point of
the (tongue  upwards  and  backwards, — said to
have been a mode of suicide.  (?)
   GLOSSOT'OMY,  Glossotom'ia, from  ylwaaa,
'the tongue,' and repveiv, 'to cut'  Dissection of
the tongue.   Amputation of the tongue.
   GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA,  from  ylwaaa, 'the
tongue,' 'vitep, 'over,' and  rpetpetv,  'to nourish.'
Hypertrophy or supernutrition of the tongue.
   GLOTTA, Glossa, Tongue.
  GLOTTIS, ylwms, (also, the mouth-piece of a
flute,') Lig'ula.  A small oblong aperture, in the la-
rynx, comprised between the chorda vocales. It is
narrow, anteriorly; wider, posteriorly; and is ca-
pable of being modified by muscular contraction,
as  may be required by the voice.   It is by the
chordae vocales, that voice is  produced.  The
0                GLUTEAL

glottis is nearly an inch long in the adult male:
less in the female and child.
  Glottia is, by  some, used  synonymously with
ventricle of the larynx :  with others, it includes
the whole of the larynx.
  Glottis, Lips of the, Thyreo-arytonoid liga-
ments.
  GLOUGLOU D'UNE BOUTEILLE,  Gurg-
ling.
  GL 0 UTER ON, Arctium Lappa—g. Petit, Xan-
thium.
  GLOUTIUS, Gluteal—g. Maximus et extimus,
Gluteus maximus—g. Secundus et medius, Glu-
tasus medius—g. Tertius  et intimus, Glutasus mi-
nimus.
  GLOUTON, Glutton.
  GLOAV AVORM, Cicindela.
  GLUANT, Glutinous.
  GLUCOSE, from ylvxvs,' sweet' Grope augar,
Fruit augar, Starch augar, Diabetic sugar,  Honey
sugar.  A variety of sugar, that occurs naturally
in many vegetable juices, and in  honey.  Com-
pared with cane sugar, it is much less  soluble in
water, and less disposed to crystallise; and, when
injected into the blood-vessels, does not pass off
to the like extent by the kidneys.
  GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus.
  GLUE BONE, Osteocolla.
  GLUE FISH, Ichthyocolla.
  GLUTiEUS MAGNUS,  G. major —g. Major,
G. Maximus.
  Gluteus Max'imus,  Gluta'us  major,  Maxi-
mus  et ex'timus  glou'tius,  G. magnus, Ilio-saero-
femoral; Sacro-femoral, (Ch.,) (F.) Muscle grand
fessier.  This muscle is situate at the posterior
part of the pelvis, and at the upper and posterior
part of the thigh.  It is large, thick, and quadri-
lateral ; and is attached, above, to the posterior part
of the crista ilii, to the  part of the ilium com-
prised between the  crista and the upper curved
line, to the posterior surface  of the sacrum, coc-
cyx, and great sacro-sciatie ligament; and  below,
it terminates by a broad aponeurosis, which is
inserted  into the rugged surface  that descends
from  the trochanter major to the linea aspera of
the femur.   This muscle  extends the thigh on the
pelvis, and rotates the  thigh outwards.  It is
greatly concerned in station and progression.
  Glutye'us Me'dius, Glou'tiua Secun'dus et Mc'-
diua, (F.) Ilio-trochanterien :  Grand Rio-trochan-
terien, (Ch.,) Moyen Fessier.  This muscle is si-
tuate in part beneath  the preceding; it is broad,
very  thick, radiated, and  triangular;  attached,
above, to the crista ilii, and  to  the part of  the
outer surface of that bone comprised between the
three anterior  fourths of  its crista,  its  upper
curved line, and its lower;  and below, it ends by
a tendon, inserted at the  upper edge of the great
trochanter.  It is an abductor of the thigh; but
can turn the thigh  outwards or inwards, accord-
ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown
separately into contraction.
  Gluteus N\^' \M\:s,Gluta' usminor, Ilio-iseliii-
trochanterien,  Ter'tius et In'timua  Glou'tiua (F.)
Petit  Fea8i'er ; — Petit  Rio-troehanterien  (Ch.)
This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced-
ing, is flat, triangular, and with  radiated  fibres.
It is  attached, above, to  the  external  surface of
the os  ilii, from  the inferior  curved line to  the
acetabulum; and, below, is  inserted into the an-
terior part of the great trochanter.  It has  the
same uses as the preceding.
  Gluteus Minor, G. minimus.
  GLU'TEAL, Glou'tiua, Gluta'ua, from ylovros,
'the nates,' or 'buttocks.'   (F.) Fessier.  That
which belongs or relates to the nates.  This name
has been given to many parts which compose the
nates.
4: 
GLUTEN                 411               GOACONAX
  Gluteal  Aponeurosis.   The upper and back
part of the femoral fascia.  In it is a remarkable
opening, called the gluteal arch, for the passage
of the gluteal vessels and nerves.
  Gluteal  Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis.
  Gluteal  Artery,  Poate'rior  Iliac Artery,
(F.) A rtcre feaaiire, is one of the largest branches
of the hypogastric.  It makes its exit from the
pelvis at  the  upper  part of the superior sciatic
foramen ;  gains  the  posterior part of the pelvis,
and divides  into two branches; — the one auper-
ficial, the other deep-seated.  The last subdivides
into three secondary branches, whose ramifica-
tions  are  distributed particularly to the Glutai,
Longissimus Dorsi, Sacro-lumbalia, Ac, and anas-
tomose  with  the sciatic and  internal circumflex
arteries.
  Gluteal  X'erve, (F.) Nerf Feaaier, is a large
branch, furnished by the  5th pair  of  lumbar
nerves.   It  is chiefly distributed to the glutasi
muscles.
  Gluteal  ArEiN, (F.) Veine/essiere, follows the
same  march as the artery of the same name.
  GLUTEN,  Glu'tinum, Lentor, 'glue, paste.'
 Vefetoble Gluten, Veg"etdble Cdaein.  An im-
mediate principle of vegetables.  It is soft, of a
grayish white, viscid  consistence, and very elastic.
Exposed to  the air, it becomes hard, brown, and
fragile; and, in  moist air, putrefies.  AVater and
alcohol  do not dissolve it.  It is soluble  in vege-
table, and in weak mineral acids, at a high tem-
perature.  The farinas, in which it is found, are
those preferred for the preparation of bread; on
account of  the  property it has of making the
paste rise.  It is  a compound of  protein,  and
hence has been ranged amongst  the "proteina-
ceoua alimentary principles" by Dr. Pereira.  By
washing wheaten dough with a stream of water,
the gum,  sugar, starch and vegetable albumens
are removed: the ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray
mass  left is the gluten, common gluten, Beccaria'a
gluten.  Pure gluten is the  soluble portion  on
boiling  common gluten in alcohol.
  Gluten Articui.orum, Synovia—g. Becearia's,
see Gluten — g. Bread,  see  Bread,  gluten — g.
Common,  sec Gluten—g. Pure, see Gluten.
  GLUT I, Nates.
  GLUTIA. Nates, Quadrigemina corporc
  GLUTINANS, Agglutinant.
  GLUT IN A TIF, Agglutinant.
  GLUTINATIO,  A-ulutination.
  GLUTINEUN,  Glutinous.
  GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'aua,  Collo'dea,  from
gluten,  'paste, glue.'   (F.)  Glutineux,  Gluant.
An epithet given to substances taken from the
animal  or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with
unusual viscidity.    The decoctions of  marsh-
mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, arc
said to be glutinous.
  GLCTINUM, Gluten.
  GLUTOI, Nates.
  GLUTTON, same  etymon  as the next.  Gas.
triinar'gus, Hell no, Manila, Gnlo'sns, Lurco, (F.)
Glouton, Gourmand,  Goulu.   An excessive eater.
  GLUT'TOXY, from glutio,' I swallow,' gluttus,
'the gullet.'   Limo'sis  Helluo'num,  Gastris'mus,
(F.)  Gourmandise.   Excessive appetite,  owing
often  to habitual indulgence.
  GLUTTUS, CEsophagus.
  GLUTUS. Trochanter major.
  GLYCANSTS. Edulcoration.
  GLYCAS'MA. from ylvxvs, 'sweet'  A sweet
Wine, prepared from must—Linden.
  GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza.
  GLYCERIN, see Fat.
  GLYCIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara.
  GLYC1SIDE, Paeouia.
  GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza.
  GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from  ylvxvs, 'sweet,' and
ptra, 'a root'   Glycyrrhi'za Glabra  seu Lavis,
Liquoril'ia Scyth'ica, Glycera'ton, Glycyph'yton,
Liq'uorice, Lic'orice, Adip'sos, Alcacas, Alimos,
(F.) Reglisse.   Ord. Leguminosae.   .Sex. Syst.
Diadelphia Decandria.  The root of this southern
European plant is inodorous;  has  a sweet tasto ;
is mucilaginous; and leaves,  when  unpeeled, a
degree of bitterness in the mouth.  It is used as
a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh. The extract,
made from it and  sold  in the shops, is  known
under the name Spanish Liquorice or Liquorice
Juice, (F.) Jus de Reglisse.
  Pectoral Balsam of Liquorice—a quack prepa-
ration— is said by  Dr. Paris to consist chief!}' of
Paregoric Elixir, strongly impregnated with Oil
of Aniseed.
  GLYCYRRH03'A, from  ylvxvs, 'sweet,' and
pew,  'I  flow.'  A discharge of saccharine  fluid
from the system.
  Glycyrrhoea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus.
  GLYSTER  HERBS, Herba  pro  Enem'ate.
The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apothe-
cary under this  title, are: — mallow leaves, one
part; chamomile flowers, one  part  (§iss to  Oj
of water.)
  GXAMPSIS, Curvature.
  GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM,  Antennaria
dioica.
  Gnaphalium Margarita'ceum; Cudweed, Life
everlasting.  An indigenous  plant,  growing  in
woods  and fields, and flowering in August.  Its
virtues  are not  defined, and the  same may  be
said of
  Gnaphalium Polyceph'alum; Sweet-scented
Life everlasting.
  GNATHALGIA, Neuralgia maxillaris.
  GNATHAXCYLO'SIS, from yvados, 'the jaw,'
and ayxvlwais, 'stiffness of joint'   Ancylosis of
the  lower jaw.
  GNATHI'TIS, Infiamma'tio gena, from yvados,
' the cheek, the jaw.' Inflammation of the cheek
or upper jaw.
  GNATHMUS, Gnathus.
  GNATHOCEPH'ALUS, from yvados, 'the jaw,'
and xetpalij, 'head.' A monster who has no head
visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws.
—G. St. Hilaire.
  GNATHOCYXANCHE, Cynanche parotidasa.
  GXATIIOXEURALGIA,   Neuralgia  maxil-
laris.
  GXATHOPLAS'TICE,  from yvados,  'cheek,'
and -nlaarixos, 'formative.'  The formation of an
artificial cheek.
  GXATHOPLE'GIA,  Gnathoparal'ysis,  fr6m
yvados,  and  nlnyv, ' a stroke.'  Paralysis of the
cheek.  Gnathoparalysis is employed by Fuchs
to signify paralysis of the  lesser  portion of the
trifacial  nerve,  which  supplies the  muscles of
mastication.
  GNATHORRHAG"IA,  from yvados, and'pny-
wpt, ' to burst forth.'  Hemorrhage from  the in-
ternal surface of the cheeks.
  GNATHOSPASMUS, Trismus.
  GNATHUS.  Gnathmus,  from xvaw, 'I scrape,
rub.'   The cheek, the jaw.   Also, the part of the
jaws in which the  teeth are fixed.—Hippocrates,
Foesius.  See Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone.
  GNESIOS, Legitimate.
  GXO.AIE,  Intellect,
  GNOSIS,  yvwats, 'knowledge.'   A common
suffix, as in Diagnosis,  Progno'sis, Ac.
  GOACONAX, see Toluifcra balsamum, 
               GOATS'  BEARD              41

  GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragopogon.
  GOATS' MILK,  see Milk,  goats' —g. Milk,
artificial, see Milk, goats'— g.  Thorn, Astragalus .
verus.
  GOBELET EMETIQUE,  Goblet, emetic
  GOBLET, EMETIC, Poc'ulum emelicum, Ca-
lix  vomito'ria, (F.) Gobelet imStique.  A vessel,
made by pouring melted  antimony into a mould.
By  putting wine into this and a.v<>wing it to stand
some time, it acquires the property of producing
vomiting.  This  kind of  emetic has been long
rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain
of the close he exhibited.
  GODESBERG,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
These waters at Godesberg, a  German  mile from
Bonn, are an efficacious, acidulous  chalybeate,
formerly known  by the  name, Draitsch Water.
They contain  chloride of sodium, carbonate of
soda, carbonate  of  lime,  carbonate of magnesia,
and carbonate of iron.
  GODFREY'S COR'DIAL.  A celebrated nos-
trum, for which Dr. Paris has given the following
formula. Infuse Ijix of sassafras and of the seeds
of  carraway,  coriander,  and, anise,  each ^j,  in
Bix pints of water.  Simmer the mixture until re-
duced to Ibiv: then add Ibvj of  treacle, and boil
the whole  for a few minutes.  When cold, add
§iij of tincture of opium.  The following form is
recommended by a committee of the Philadelphia
college of Pharmacy.  Tinct. Opii, Oiss; Syrupi
Nigri, Oxvj ; Alcoholis, Oij ; Aqua, Oxxvj ; Car-
bonatis Potassa, ^ijss; Olei  Sassafras, f^iv, M.
It is anodyne.  ^
  GODRONNE, (Canal,) Cana'lis Petitidnus,
Couronne ciliaire,  Canal de Petit, Canal gou-
dronne. Canal or Bul'lular Canal of Petit.  Petit
gave  this name (from (F.)  godron,  'a plait or
fold,') to the semicircular canal, formed by the
tunica hyaloidea around the edge of  the crystal-
line ;  because  it appears,  as it  were, plaited or
festooned.
  GOGGLE-EYE, Strabismus.
  GOITRE, Bronchocele — g. Leaf,  see  Lami-
naria.
  GOITRE STICKS.  In South  America the
stems  of a seaweed  are so called, because they
are  chewed by the inhabitants where goitre pre-
vails.—Royle.
  GOIT'ROUS,  (F.) Go'itreux.   Relating or ap-
pertaining  to goitre.  One affected by Goitre or
Bronchocele,— Goitred.
  GOLD, Aurum, Ohrysos, Sol, Rex metallo'rum,
(F.) Or.   A solid,  yellow, very brilliant, hard,
very  ductile, malleable,  tenacious,  and  heavy
metal; found in nature, either in its native state,
or combined with a little  silver, copper, or iron.
S. g. 19-25.
  Muriate of Gold, Chloride  of Gold, Auri Chlo'-
ridum, A. Terchlo'ridum, A. Mu'rias, A. Chloru-
re'tum, Aurum Muriat'icum, A.Chlora'tum, A.Oxy-
dula'tum muriat'icum, A.  Sail turn, (F.) Chlorure
d'or. Muriate d'or, Hydro-chlorate d'or has been
admitted into  the Pharmaeopasia of the United
States, and into that of Paris, Ac.  The formulas,
however, differ.  That of the United States  is a
muriate with two bases; and is  prepared, accor-
ding to the form  of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving
the  gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids,
and adding chloride of sodium to  the residuum
after evaporation ; then redissolving  and evapo-
rating slowly to dryness.   The Parisian formula
for  the Muriate d'or, Muriaa seu Chlorure'tum
Auri, consists  in simply  dissolving  the gold in
the  acids, and evaporating  to dryness.  It has
been recommended as an antisyphilitic in old, re-
bellious, venereal affections, exostoses, and in ve-
nereal, scrofulous or cancerous glandular enlarge-
ments.  Dose, gr. l-8th to gr. ss, rubbed on the
2               GOM PIIOSIS

 tongue  or gums.  Internally, one-sixteenth of a
 grain, in pill.
  \Tarious other preparations, as  the Cy'anide or
 Tercy'anide, (Auri Cyan'idum, A. Cyanure'ium,
 A.  Tercyan'idum, (F.) Cyanure d'or;) the metal-
 lic  gold in a state of division (Aurum metal'licum,
 1'ulvis Auri, (F.) Or divise,) obtained  by amal-
 gamating gold  with  mercury and  driving  the
 latter off by heat; and in the form of filings (Au-
 rum lima'turn; the Chloride of Gold and Sodium,
 (Aurum muriat'icum natrona'tum, A. muriat'icum,
 A.  chlora'tum natro'natum, Chlore'turn Au'ricum
 Chlore'to  na'trii,  Mu'rias  Au'rico-na'triciim,
 Chlorure'tum auri et natrii, So'dii auro-terchlo'-
 ridum,  Hydrochlorate or muriate of  Gold and
 Soda, (F.) Chlorure d'or  et  de  Sodium, Hydro-
 chlorate ou muriate d'or et de Sonde; the Nitro-
 muriate  of Gold, (Aurum.  Nitrico-muriat'icum,
 Auri nitromilrias,  (F.) Nitromuriate d'or;)  the
 Oxide of Gold, (Auri Ox'idum,  Aurum Oxidd-
 tum,  Auri  terox'idum, Perox'ide of gold, Auric
 acid, (F.) Oxide d'or); and  the  Iodide of Gold,
 (Auri lo'didum, A. lodure'turn, (F.) lodure d'or,)
 have been employed in the like affections, and
 with similar results.
  Gold-Beater's  Skin.   The intestina recta of
 the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for
 the manufacture of gold leaf.  Used as a defen-
 sive dressing for slight cuts,  Ac.
  Gold, Chloride of, see Gold—g. Cyanide of,
 see Gold—g. Hydrochlorate of, see Gold—g.  Io-
 dide  of, see Gold — g. Muriate of, see Gold — g,
 Nitro-muriate of, see Gold—g. Oxide of, see Gold
 —g. Peroxide of, see  Gold—g. Tercyanide of,  see
 Gold—g. and Sodium, Chloride of oxide of,  see
 Gold—g. and Soda, hydrochlorate of, see Gold—
 g. and Soda,-muriate  of, see Gold.
  Gold Leaf, Aurum folia'tum, Aurum in libel'-
 lis.   Used to gild pills and to plug carious teeth.
  Gold Thread, Coptis.
  GOLDEN ROD,  Solidago virgaurea —g. r.
 Rigid, Solidago rigida — g.  Seal, see  Calumba,
 Hydrastis Canadensis.
  GOLDENS, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
  GOLDWASSER, see Spirit.
  GOLFE,  Sinus—g. de  la  Veine jugulaire, see
 Jugular veins.
  GOLUNCHA, Menispermum cordifolium.
  GOMME, Gumma, Gummi—g. Adragant, Tra-
 gacanth — g. Ammoniaque, Ammoniac  gum—g.
 Arabique,  Acaciae  gummi—g.  Astringente  de
 Gamble, see Butea  frondosa — g. Caragne, Ca-
 ranna—g. Carane, Caranna—g. de Gdiac, Guaia-
 cum—g. Gutte, Cambogia—g. de Lierre, see He-
 dera helix—g. du Pays, Gummi nostras—g. Se-
 raphique, Sagapenum.
  GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gomphias'mus, from yoptpos,
 'a nail.' A disease of the teeth, and particularly of
 the molares; looseness of the teeth in their sockets.
 Agomphia'sis.  Pain in the teeth. Odontalgia.
  GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis.
  GOMPHIOI,  Molar teeth.
  GOMPHOCAR'PUS CRISPUS.    A  South
 African plant, the root of which, formerly known
 to the Dutch apothecaries as  Radix Asclepiadis
 crispa,  is extremely bitter and  acrid; and,  on
 account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or  in-
 fusion of it  has been advised in various kinds of
 dropsy.  A  tincture of it is said to  be valuable
 in colic
  GOMPHOMA, Gomphosis.
  GOMPHO'SIS,  Cardinamen'tum,  Clavdtio,
 Gompho'ma, Coagmenta'tio, Inclava'tio, from yop-
 tpos, ' a nail.'  Engompho'sis.   An immovable  ar-
 ticulation,  in  which one  bone is received into
 another, like a nail or peg into its hole.  Gom-
 phosis is only met with in the articulations of  the
4 
                  GOMPIIUS

teeth with the alveoli.   It is, also, called Articu-
lation par implantation.
  GOMPIIUS, Clavus.
  GONACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  GONACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  GON'AGRA, Gon'yagra, from yow, 'the knee,'
a.nd aypu, 'a prey.' "That which attacks the knees."
Gout in the knees.  Paracelsus calls it  Gen'ugra.
  GONAL'GIA, from yow, 'the knee,' and alyos,
'pain.'  Pain in the knee.   Gonyal'gia.  This is
almost always produced by gout.  It may, how-
ever, depend on some other disease, either of the
knee or of another part—particularly of the hip-
joint
  GONARTHRI'TIS,  from  yow,  'the knee,'
apdflov, 'joint,' and  itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the knee-joint.
  GOXARTIIROCACE, Gonocace.
  GOXAURA, see Sperm.
  GOSDOLE OCULAIRE, Scaphium oculare.
  GOXDRET'S  AMMONIACAL CAUSTIC,
Pommade de Gondret—g. Counter-irritant, Pom-
matle de  Gondret.
  GONE, Gonos, Genitu'ra.  The semen; (hence,
gonorrhoea)—tho uterus, offspring.  Hippocrates.
See Epigone and Generation.
  GONECYSTIDES, Vesiculas seminales.
  GONECYSTI'TIS, Infiamma'tio vesicula'rum
semina'liuin, from 701117, 'sperm,' xvans, 'bladder,'
and itis,  ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation
of the  vesiculas seminales.
  GOXEPffiUS, Spermatoposus.
  GONEPOIETICUS, Spermatoposus.
  GONFLEMENT, Swelling.
  GONGRONA, Bronchocele.
  GONGKOl'UTHISIS, Pthisis puhnonalis.
  GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula.
  GONGYLION, Pilula.
  GONGYLIS, Pilula.
  GONIOM'ETER,  Goniom'etrum;  from ywvta,
' an angle,' and perpov, ' a measure.'  An instru-
ment for measuring angles.
  A ' Facial Goniometer'  has been invented by
Mr. Turnpenny, of Philadelphia,  which is well
adapted for measuring the facial angle.
  GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic.
  GONOCACE, Gonarthroc'ace, from yow, 'the
knee,'  and  xaxos,  ' evil.'   Tumor genu albus.
White swelling of the knee.  Hydrarthus.
  GONOCELE, Spermatocele.
  GONOI'DES, from yovrj,  'seed,' and  etSos, 'ap-
pearance.'   Genitu'ra 81111'ili8.  Similar to sperm.
Sperm'atoid, Spermatoldes, Spermato'dea. A term
appropriated to any substance which resembles
gperni.
  GONOPOIETICUS, Spermatoposus.
  GOXORRHEE BATARDE, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
  GONORRHCE'A.   Erroneously  called  from
yovy, 'sperm,' and pew, ' I flow,' because the older
writers believed it to be a flux of semen.   Blen-
norrhag"ia, Blennorrhea,  Blennure'thria, Phal-
lorrhoe'a, Medorrha'a, M. viri'lia, Catar'rhus Go-
norrhte'a, C. ure'thra,  Urethritis,  Infiamma'tio
ure'thra,  Urethral'gia,  Profiu'vium  muco'sum
ure'thra, Blennorrhte'a urethra'lis, Catarrhus ure-
thra'lis, (F.) Ecoulcment, Urethrite, Uretrite.  An
inflammatory discharge of mucus from the mem-
brane of the urethra in both sexes; and from that
of the prepuce in man, and  the vagina in  woman.
It may be excited spontaneously, or by irritants
npplied directly to the membrane; but is, usually,
produced  by impure connexion.  Two great va-
rieties  have been generally reckoned.—1. Gonor-
rhcea  Puka vel Benigna.  That  which  does
Dot follow an impure  connexion; (F.) Echauffe-
3             GONORRHOEA

ment, Blennorrhag" ia   benigna,  Caulorrhae'a
benig'na,  Catar'rhus  Ure'thra,  Gonorrhtt'a ca-
tarrha'lis, 67. non contagio'sa : — and  2. Gonor-
rhoea Impu'ra, malig'na, contagio'sa, syphilitica,
et viruleilta ; Fluor albus malig'nus,  Fluxus ve-
ne'reua,  Blennorrhcr'a luo'dea,  Myxio'aia,  Luea
gonorrho'ica, Scroph'ula gonorrho'ica, Tuber'-
cula gonorrho'ica,  Clap,  (F.) Chaudepisse; that
which is the result of impure  commerce.   The
French, also, distinguish the Chaudepisse  seche,
or that unaccompanied with discharge; and tho
Chaudepisse  chordee, Gonnorrhcea corda'ta, or
that accompanied  with  chordee,  and  which, of
course, occurs only in the male.  It is the kind
that most frequently engages  the attention of
the practitioner, and is characterized by mucous
discharge from the urethra or vagina, intermixed
with specific matter, and accompanied by burn-
ing pain  on  micturition.  It is decidedly infec-
tious.  It is, however,  a distinct disease  from
syphilis,  and never produces it.  Its  duration is
various, but the inflammatory symptoms usually
subside  in four or five weeks; leaving generally
behind more  or less of the gonorrhoea mucosa or
gleet.  Gonorrhoea of every kind, attended with
any inflammatory symptoms, is best treated by
the antiphlogistic regimen ; avoiding every kind
of irritation, and keeping the body cool by small
doses of salts, and the urine diluted by the mild-
est fluids.   After   the inflammatory  symptoms
have subsided, cubebs, or the balsam  of copaiba,
exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times
a day, will be found effectual: indeed, during the
existence of the inflammatory symptoms, it often
affords decided relief. Injections are rarely re-
quired.
  Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the glans; when
it  is called Gonorrluv.a Spu'ria, G. Balani, Ba-
lanoblennorrhce'a,   Balannorrhce'a,  Balani'tis,
Blennorrhag"ia spu'ria vel notha, (F.) Blennor-
rhagie du gland, Gonorrhee bdtarde, Fausse Blen-
norrhagie.  It requires only cleanliness and cool-
ing lotions.
  Some other varieties of gonorrhoea  have been
enumerated, but they are of little moment.
  In consequence  of repeated attacks of gonor-
rhoea, or of the debility induced by a single at-
tack, it not unfrequently  happens, as  already re-
marked, that a constant,  small  discharge occurs,
or remains behind, after all danger of infection
is removed.   The great difference between  it and
gonorrhosa is, that  it is  uninfectious.  The dis-
charge consists  of  globular  particles,  contained
in a slimy mucus, and is  generally devoid of that
yellow colour which characterizes the  discharge
of gonorrhoea virulenta.  It is  unattended yvith
pain, scalding,  Ac  To this  state  the names
Gleet, Gonorrhce'a muco'sa, Blennorrhoe'a chroni-
ica, Blennorrhoe'a, Ac, have been given.   It is
commonly a disease of  some duration, and de-
mands the use  of  the copaiba,  astringent  injec-
tions ; and, if obstinate,  the introduction of the
bougie.
  Gonorrhoea  Balani, G. spuria — g. Benigna,
Leucorrhoea—g. Catarrhalis, G. pura — g.  Chor-
data, Chordee.
  Gonorrhoea  Dormien'tium,  G.  Oneirog'onos.
The seminal discharge which occurs during sleep,
and is occasioned by libidinous dreams.  See Pol-
lution.
  Gonorrhoea  Laxo'rum,  t?. libidino'sa,  Sper-
morrha'a aton'ica,  consists of a pellucid discharge
from the urethra, whilst awake, without erection
of the penis, but with venereal thoughts.
  Gonorrhoea Laxorum, Pollution, G. lihidinosa
—g. Mucosa, (gleet,) see Gonorrhoea—g. Noncon-
tagiosa, G. pura —g.  Notha inveterata, Leucor-
4 
GONOS
414
GOUT
rhcea — g. Oneirogonos, G. dormientium,  Pollu-
tion—<r. Vera, Pollution, Spermatorrhoea.
  GONOS, Gone.
  GONOSTROMA, Proligerous disc.
  GOX\', yow. Genu, 'the knee;' hence:
  GONYAGRA, Gonagra.
  GONYALGIA, Gonalgia.
  GONYC'ROTUS,  from yow,  'the  knee,' and
xporew,  ' I  strike.'  One who is  knock-kneed, or
in-kneed.  See Entogonyaneon.
  GONYON'CUS,  from  yow, 'the  knee,' and
oyxos, ' a tumour.'  A swelling of the  knee.
  GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,  Tussa'ca  reti-
culata,  Satyr'ium,  Neott'ia, Rattlesnake  leaf,
Rattlesnake Plantain, Networt, Netleaf, Scrofula
weed.   An indigenous plant, used empirically in
scrofula — the fresh leaves being applied to the
Bores.  It is employed by the Indians.
   GOOSEFOOT,  Chenopodium anthelminticum
■— g. Angular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Hen-
ricus—g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   GOOSEGRASS, Galium aparine, G. verum.
   GOOSESHARE, Galium aparine.
   GOOSESKIN, Horrida cutis.
   GORDIUS MEDINENSIS, Dracunculus.
   GORGE,  Throat—g. Grosse, Bronchocele — g.
 Mal de, Cynanche.
   GORGERET,  Gorget —gr. Lithotome,  Gorget,
 lithotomy—g. d Repoussoir, see Gorget.
   GORGET, from (F.) gorge, 'the throat'  Ca-
 na'lis canaliculdtits, Ductor canaliculdtus,  (F.)
 Gorgevet.  An instrument  representing  a long
 gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is espe-
 cially employed in the  operations of lithotomy
 and fistula in ano.
   Gorget, Cutting, see  Gorget, and Lithotomy.
   Gorget, Lithot'omy, (F.) Gorgerct Lithotome,
 Cutting Gorget, is the  one  used in the  operation
 for  the stone, for the purpose  of dividing  the
 prostate  and the neck  of  the bladder, so as  to
 enable the surgeon to introduce the  forceps and
 extract the stone.  At the end of this gorget is a
 crest or beak, which fits the groove of the staff,
 and admits of the gorget being passed along it
 into the bladder.   Besides  cutting, there  are also
 blunt gorgets, intended to be introduced  into the
 wound — their concavity serving as  a  guide for
 the forceps into the bladder.
   The chief modifications in the gorget have been
 made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Bromfield, Cline,
 Desault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, Lefevre, Mi-
 chaelis, Thomas, Ac.
   Gorget for Fistula in Ano  consists of a
 semi-cylindrical wooden staff, four inches long,
 without including the handle, and  furnished with
 a wide groove.   This is  introduced into  the rec-
 tum, to prevent the point of the bistoury from
 injuring the intestine, when the internal orifice
 of the  fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable
 to  perform  the  operation by incision.   This in-
 strument, invented by Marchettis, has been mo-
 dified by Percy, Runge,  Ac.
   Desault invented an instrument  for conducting
 the wire by the anus, in the operation for fistula
 by  ligature.  He called it Gorgeret d repoussoir.
   GORGO'NEI FONTES.  Fountains described
 by  Libavius as containing water which possessed
 a petrifying property; probably,  water  holding
 in  solution supercarbonate of lime.
    GORGOSSET, Pyrosis.
    GOSIER, Pharynx, Throat
    GOSSUM, Bronchocele.
    GOSSYTTUM, Gosayp'ium Herba'ceum; Goa-
 s-p'ion Nylon, Xylum, Bombax, Cotton,  (F.) Co-
  ton.  Family, Malvaceae.   Sex. Syst. Monadel-
 phia Polyandria.  The seeds of the Cotton  Tree,
  Goesip'ium arbor'eum, have been administered in
coughs, on account of the mucilage they contain.
The cotton wool is used in medicine for making
moxas, Ac.
  GOTIUM, Bronchocele.
  GOUDRON, see Pinus sylvestris.
  GOUET, Arum maculatum.
  GOUETRE, Bronchocele.
  GOULARD'S LOTION, see Lotion, Goulard's.
  Goulard AVater,  Liquor plumbi subacetatis
dilutus.
  GOULU, Glutton.
  GOURD, Cucurbita—g. Bitter, Cucumis colo-
cynthis—g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo.
  GOURD  AVORM, Distoma hepaticum.
  GOURMANDISE, Gluttony.
  GOURME,  Porrigo  larvalis.   Vulgarly,  in
France, any cutaneous eruption.
  GOUSSE, Legumen.
  GOUT,  Arthri'tia,  Arth'ragra, Arthralgia,
Morbus domino'rum, Malum articulo'ruin, Morbua
articula'ria, Gutta, Arthro'sia Pod'agra, Poditl-
gia, Pod'agra, Arthrit'icus  verus, Arthri'tia Po-
dagra, Podagra  Arthri'tia, Flux'io  arthrit'ica,
Febris arthrit'ica, F. Podag'rica, Arthrodyn'ia
podag'rica, Cauma  podag'ricum, Flerecin,  Gas-
tro-arthri'tis,  Miaopto'chos,  (F.) Goutte.   The
gout was formerly regarded  as a catarrh, and re-
ceived its name from  (F.) goutte, (L.)  gutta,  'a
drop;' because it was believed to be produced by
a liquid, which  distilled, goutte  d goutte, ' drop
by drop, on the diseased part.  This name, which
seems to have  been first used  about  the  year
1270, has  been  admitted into the different lan-
guages of Europe.  Gout is an  inflammation  of
the fibrous and  ligamentous parts  of the joints.
It  almost always attacks, first, the great toe;
whence it passes to the other smaller joints, after
having produced, or been attended with, various
 sympathetic effects, particularly in the  digestive
 organs : after this, it may attack the greater ar-
 ticulations.  It is an affection which is extremely
 fugitive, and variable in its  recurrence.  It may
 be acquired or hereditary.  In the former case, it
 rarely appears  before the age of thirty-five;  in.
 the latter, it is frequently observed earlier.   It is
 often difficult to distinguish  it from rheumatism.
 A combination is, indeed, supposed to exist some-
 times ; hence called Rheumatic gout.  During the
 paroxysm or fit, a burning, lancinating pain is
 experienced in the affected joint, attended with
 tumefaction, tension, and redness.  One or  more
 joints may be attacked, either at the same time
 or in succession; and,  in  either case, the attack
 terminates by resolution in a few days.  This is
 the Arthri'tia acu'ta, inflammato'ria vel reguld-
 ria, Regular gout, Arthro'aia pod'agra regnla'ris,
 Arth'ragra legilima seu  vera seu genui'na seu
 norma'li8, (F.) Goutte regulilre chaude.  At other
 times, pains in the  joints exist, of more or less
 acute character;  the swelling being without red-
 ness.  These pains persist, augment, and diminish
 irregularly, without exhibiting intermission, and,
 consequently, without having distinct paroxysms.
 The disease is then called aton'ie, asthen'ic, im-
 perfect or irregular gout,  Chronic G., Arthri'tia
 aton'ica vel asthen'ica, Arthro'sia Podagra lar-
 vdta, Dysarthri'tis. It is, also, commonly called
 in France  Goutte froide, Goutte  blanche.  It may
 appear primarily, or succeed attacks of regular
 gout.
   Gout does not always confine itself to the joints.
 It may attack  the internal organs: when it is
 called Arthritis dber'rana seu errat'iea seu pla-
 net'ica, Arth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'agra aber'rans,
  Vare'ni, Wandering, misplaced, or anomalouagold,
  (F.)  Goutte vague.
    Ret'rograde gout, Arthritia retrog'rada, Poda-
 gra  retrog'rada, Arthro'sia Podagra complica'tO) 
GOUT
415
GRANULATION
Recc'dent, miapla'ced gout, (F.) Goutte remontee,
G. malplacee,  G. rentrie,  is when it  leaves the
joints suddenly and attacks some internal organ,
as the stomach, intestines, lungs,  brain, Ac.
  Gout is  also  called, according to the part it
may affect, Podagra,  Gonagra,  Chiragra,  Ac
It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise to
concretions, which are chiefly composed of urate
of soda.  See Calculus, (arthritic.)  It may, also,
give occasion to nodosities, when it is called Ar-
thritis nodo'aa,  (F.) Goutte nouee.
  The  treatment is  of  the antiphlogistic kind,
and  the  local  disorder should be  but little inter-
fered with. Colchicum seems to have great power
over the  disease. It forms the basis of the Eau
medicinale d'Huaaon, a  celebrated French gout-
remedy.   The bowels must be kept regular by
rhubarb  and magnesia; and a recurrence of the
disease be prevented by abstemious habits'.
  Gout,  Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris.
  Gout,  Paper, so called, Charta antiarthrit'ica,
Charta antirheumalica, is made  by spreading a
very thin layer  of a mixture  of  an ethereal or
spirituous extract of the bark of mezereon root,
with wax,  spermaceti, and oil, over the surface
of paper.
  Gout,  Rheumatic, see Rheumatism, acute—g.
Weed,  Ligusticum podagraria.
   GOUT, Taste.
  GOUTTE,  Gout,  Gutta — g.  Blanche, Gout
(atonic)—g. Froide, Gout (atonic)—g. Malplacee,
Gout (retrograde)—g. Nouee,  Gout (with  nodosi-
ties) — g. Reguliere, chaude, Gout (regular) —g.
Remontee. Gout (retrograde)—g. Rentree, Gout
(retrograde)—g. Rose, Gutta rosea—g. Sciatique,
Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa—g. Sereine, Amauro-
sis—g. Vaque, Gout (wandering.) •
   GOUTTEUN, Arthritic, Podagric.
   GOUTTIERE (F.), Collic"ia.  A gutter in a
bone, like that used for carrying off rain.  Some
of these  cavities are intended to facilitate the
sliding of tendons, such as the Gouttiere Bicipi-
tale  or Bicip'ital groove.   Others, as  the 67o«t-
fiei-e 8agittale or Sagittal groove,  lodge blood-
vessels and especially veins.   Others, again, are
merely intended for the support of certain organs;
as the Gouttiere basilaire orBaa'ilary fo88a, which
supports  the medulla oblongata.
   GOUTTIERE BASILAIRE,  see Gouttiire—
g. Bicipitale,  Bicipital  groove—g. Lacrymale,
Lachrymal groove—g.  Saci-e, Sacral  groove —
g. Sagittate, see Gouttiere.
   GOUTY RHEUMATISM,  see Rheumatism,
acute.
   GOUVERNAIL DU TESTICULE,  Guber-
naculum testis.
   GOAVLAND'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion, Gow-
land's.
   GOWN,  RED, Strophulus—g. Yellow, Icterus
infantum.
   GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Fucus amy-
laceus.
   GRACILIS,  Macer,  Macilen'tue.   Slender,
lean.  Also, the slender Rectu8 inte'rior fem'oria
sive Grac"ilis  interior,  Sous-pubio-creti-tibial,
Sous-pubio-pretibial (Ch.), Droit ou grele interne
de la cuisse.  This muscle is situate at the inside
of the thigh.  It is thin and very  long;  and
arises from the descending ramus of the pubis,
to bo inserted  at the inner and  inferior part of
the tuberosity of the  tibia.  It bends the  leg and
causes abduction of the thigh.   See Grele.
   Gracilis, Anterior,  Rectus femoris.
  GRAD'UATE, Gradudtus, from gradus, 'a
step,' 'a degree.'  In medicine, one who has at-
tained a degree, evidenced by a diploma—usually,
the degree of doctor.
  GR J3A, ypaia.  The  pellicle, which forms od
milk.  The folds of skin round the umbilicus. An
old woman.
  GRAIN, Granum;  the  60th  part of a Troy,
and the 72d part of a Poids de marc drachm.
  Grain, Oily, Sesamum orientale.
  GRAINE HECARLATE,  Coccus cacti — g.
Muse, Hibiscus abelmoschus—g. de Turquie, Zea
mays—g. d'Aspic, see Phalaris Canariensis — g.
de Paradis,  Amomum  grana paradisi — g.  de
Perroquet,  Carthamus  tinetorius  (seed) — g.  de
Sante, see Pilulas  aloes et kinas kinas.
  GRAISSE, Pinguede — g. de Mouton,  Sevum
— g. d'Oie, Adeps anserina—g. Oxygenee, Un-
guentum acidi  nitrosi — g. de Pore, Adeps  pras-
parata.
  GRAMEN  iEGYPTIACUM, G. Crucis cype-
rioidis—g. Caninum, Triticum repens.
  Gramen Crucis Cyperioi'dis, Gramen yEgyp-
tiacum, yEgyp'tian Cock's foot grass.   The roots
and plants possess the  virtues of the Triticum
repens, and have been recommended in the ear-
lier stages of  dropsy.  They were, formerly, con-
sidered to possess many other properties.
  Gramen Dioscoridis, Triticum repens—g. Ma-
jor, Sarsaparilla Germanica—g. Orientale, Juncus
odoratus—g. Repens, Triticum repens — g. Ru-
brum, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
  GRAMIA,  CHASSIE, Lippitudo.
  GRAMINIVOROUS, Graminiv'orus,fromgra
men, ' grass,' and voro, ' I eat'   Feeding or sub
sisting on grass.
  GRAMMARIUM, Scruple.
  GRAMME, ypappn.   An ancient weight, equi-
valent to  the 24th part of an ounce, or to  24
grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois.  At the present
day, the gramme is equal  in weight to a cubed
centimetre of water;  or to 18 grains, poids  de
marc—15.434 grains, Troy.
  Gramme, Iris, Line.
  GRANA,  Hemicrania — g.  Molucca,  Croton
tiglium — g. Moschi, Hibiscus  abelmoschus — g.
Orientis, see  Menispermum cocculus — g. Tiglii
seu Tiglia, see  Croton tiglium — g. Tilii, Croton
tiglium.
  GRANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passiflo-
ra maliformis.
  GRANATI RADICES CORTEX,  see  Punica
granatum.
  GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi.
  GRANDEB'AL^E.  The hair which grows in
the arm-pits.
  GRANDINOSUM OS, Cuboid.
  GRAXDO, Chalaza.
  GRANDULA. Gland.
  GRANIA''OROUS.  Graniv'orus, from granum,
'a grain,' and voro, ' I eat'  Feeding or subsist-
ing on grain or seeds.
  GRANTRISTUM. Anthrax.
  GRAXULA  SEMTXIS, see Sperm.
  GRANULAR DEGENERATION  or DISOR-
GANIZATION  OF  THE  KIDNEY, Kidney,
Bright's disease of the—g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma
—g. Eyelid, Trachoma—g. Liver, Cirrhosis — g.
Tin, see Tin.
  GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis.
  GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum,
'a grain.'  Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  B. charnu.
Granulations  are  the  reddish,  conical, flesh-like
shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating
wounds and ulcers. They are the product of in^
flammatory excitement, and  may be produced
in indolent ulcers, by exciting the parts by pro-
per stimulants.  They form the basis of the  ci-
catrix.
  Granulation is, likewise, a name given  by
the modern  French physicians  to an  organic 
             GRANULATIONS

losion, consisting in the formation of small, round,
firm,  shining, semi-transparent tumours, of the
size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; which
are met  with in  the lungs particularly, and  in
considerable  quantity; often without materially
interfering with their functions.
  In pharmacy, granulation is a process by which
a metal is reduced to fine  grains,  by melting  it,
and  causing  it, whilst liquid, to pass through a
kind of sieve into a vessel of water, — as in the
making of shot: — or by shaking or  rubbing the
melted metal in an  appropriate box or vessel,—
as in the formation of granular tin or granulated
zinc.                        ,
   GRANULATIONS CEREBRALES, Glan-
dulas Pacchioni.
   Granula'tions  Mil'iary, or Miliary tu'ber-
cles, are  the  small, transparent grains, of varia-
able size, from that of a  millet-seed  to that of a
grain of hemp,  which are presumed to be the
primitive state of tubercles.
   GRAN'ULE,  Gran'ulum; diminutive  of gra-
num,  'a grain.'  A small grain;  a small compact
particle; a cytoblast.
   Gran'ules Sem'inal,  Gran'nla  sem'inis.  Mi-
nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable  in
the semen, which are, in all  cases, much less
numerous than the spermatozoids.  See Sperm.
   GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see  Lotion, Gran-
vilV's counter-irritant.
   GRAPE, see Vitis vinifera — g. Sea-side, see
Kino.
   Grape-Cure, (F.) Cure du raisin, (G.) Trau-
b en cur.   A mode of medication in Germany,
which consists in the use of the  grape for both
meat and  drink;  nothing more  at  the  farthest
being allowed than  a piece of  dry bread.   This
diet is continued for weeks.  Its effects are  alto-
gether revellent, and resemble in  many respects
those of hydropathy.
   Grapes, Dried, Uvas  passas.
   GRAPHIDOIDES,  Styloid.
   GRAPIIIODES, Styloid.
   GRAPIIIOIDES,  Styloid.
   GRAPIIIS'CUS, Graphia'cua Dloclia.  An in-
strument invented by Diocles for extracting darts.
It is described by  Celsus.
   GRAPHPTES, Plumbdgo, Supercarbure'turn
Ferri, Carbure'tum Ferri, Ferri Carbona'tum,  F.
Supercurbure'tum, Carbo  minertt'lis,  Galene'a,
Gale'ne,  Carburet of iron, Black lead, Wad, (F.)
Crayon noir, Plombagine.  This  substance has
been esteemed slightly astringent and  desicca-
tive.  It  has been advised by Weinhold in the
cure of herpes.
   GRAPHOIDES, Styloid.
   GRAPHOSPASMUS,  Cramp, writers'.
   GRAS DES  CADAVRES, Adipocire — g.  de
Jambe, Sura—g. dea Cimetierea, Adipocire—g.  de
Jambe, Sura.
   GRAS FONDURE (F.), Diarrhce'a adipo'aa,
literally,  molten grease.  A species of diarrhoea,
referred to by old writers; accompanied with great
emaciation, and in which the evacuations contain
fat-like matter. According to Sauvages, the Gras-
fondure  differs from colliquative diarrhoea in not
being attended with hectic fever.
   GRASS, Asparagus—g. Bitter, Aletris  farinosa
— g. Blue-eyed, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum—g.
Brome, Bromus ciliatus—g. Brome, soft,  Bromus
ciliatus—g. Canary,  cultivated, Phalaris Canad-
ensis—g. Couch, Triticum  repens—g. Dog, Triti-
cum  repens — g. Egyptian cock's foot,  Gramen
crucis cyperioides — g.  Goat's,  Scorzonera — g.
Knot, Polygonum aviculare — g. Lily,  Sisyrin-
chium Bermudianum — g. Physic, Sisyrinchium
Bermudianum—g. Scurvy, Sisyrinchium Bermu-
6              GRAArIDITAS

 dianum—g. Sweet, Acorus  Calnmu«--g. A'ipors',
 Scorzonera—g. A'cllow-eyed, Xyris bulbosa.
   GRASSET, (F.)   The anterior region of the
 thigh, bounded below by the patella.
   GRASSEYEMENT (F.), Sonus blasus, Rota-
 cia'mus, from (F.)graa, 'thick.'  'Speaking thick.'
 According to Sauvages, a vicious pronunciation
 of the letter r.   They who speak thick, like the
 inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre,
 in France, have  difficulty in pronouncing the r,
 and they frequently substitute for it the letter I;
 but  this does not properly constitute Grnaseye-
 ment.   It  consists  in  this: that, in words  in
 which the  letter r is joined to another consonant,
 a sort of  burring  or guttural rolling  is heard,
 nearly like that produced by gargling.   See Ro-
 tacism.
   GRASUS, Cinabra.
   GRATELLE,  Psoriasis.
   GRATIA  DEI, Gratiola officinalis.
   GRATIOLA CENTAURIODES, G. officinalis.
   Gratio'la  Officina'lis, Digita'lia min'ima,
 Gra'tia Dei, Gratiola Centaurididea,  Hedge hya-
 aop, Herb of Grace.  It is a native of the South
 of Europe.  (F.) Herbe au pauvre homme.  The
 plant is inodorous ;  taste strong, bitter, nauseous.
 It is possessed of anthelmintic, purgative, emetic,
 and diuretic properties.  Dose, ten grains.
   GRATTERON,  Galium aparine.
   GRATTOIR, Raspatorium.
   GRAVATIF, Heavy.
   GRAVE, Serious—g. Plant, Datura sanguinca.
   GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza—g. Neonatorum,
 Snuffles.
   GRAVEL, Lith'ia rena'lia areno'aa, Lithiasis
 nephrit'ica, L. rena'lis, (F.) Gravelle.  A disease
 occasioned by small concretions, similar to  sand
 or gravel,  Gla'rea,  (F.) Gravier, yvhich form in
 the  kidneys, pass along the ureters to the blad-
 der, and are expelled with the urine.  These con-
 cretions, which  are  commonly composed of uric
 acid and an animal matter,  are  deposited at the
 bottom of the vessel, immediately after the excre-
 tion of  the urine;  and, by their hardness and
 resistance  under the finger, differ considerably
 from the ordinary  sediment of  that liquid.  A
 vegetable  diet and  alkaline drinks are the best
 prophylactics.   See  Calculi, Urinary.  A fit of
 the  Gravel, Nephralgia calculo'sa  seu  areno'sa,
 Co'lica nephrit'ica,  is  the excruciating suffering
 induced by the passage of gravel from the kidney
 to the bladder.  It can  only be relieved by anes-
 thetics, opiates, the  warm bath, Ac.
   When  the deposit is in fine particles,  it is
 termed Sand, Are'na, Are'nula, Psam'ma, Paam-
 mii8.
   Gravel Grass,  Galium verum.
   Gravel, Pileous or Hairy, (F.) Gravelle pi-
 leuse.  A species of gravel containing hairs, phos-
 phate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate,
 and a little uric acid.—Magendie.
   GRAVELEUX,  Calculous.
   GRAVELLE, Chalaza, Gravel—g. Pileuse,
 Gravel,  pileous.
   GRAVEOLENS, Fetid.
   GRAVID, Pregnant.
   GRAV'IDINE; from gravidua, 'pregnant,'
 gravia, 'heavy.'  A sediment in  the  urine  of
 pregnant  women,  which  by its decomposition
 gives rise  to the pellicle kyestein. It differs from
 albumen, casein  and gelatin.—Stark.
   GRAVIDITAS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy —g.
 Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Extra-
 uterina, see Pregnancy—g. Extra-uterina in Ova-
 rio, Pregnancy,  ovarian — g. Extra-uterina Se-
 cundaria,  Metacyesis—g. Interstitialis,  Preg-
| nancy, interstitial—g. Molaris, Mole—g. Spuria,
41 
GRA VIER
417
GROUND BERRY
 Pregnancy, false —g. Tubaria, Salpingo-cyesis—
 g. Uteri substantia,  Pregnancy, interstitial—g.
 Uterina, Pregnancy.
   GRA VIER, Gravel.
   GRAVIMETER, Areometer.
   GRAVIS, Heavy.
   GRAVITY, SPECIFTC,  Gravitaa specif'ica,
 (F.) PtHfinteur apedfique.  The relation between
 the weight of a body  and its  bulk; thus, suppos-
 ing  four  bodies to be of the same  size,  but to
 weigh, one four, another three, another two, and
 the fourth one; the specific  gravity of the first
 will be four times greater than that of the last.
 The  specific  gravities  of different  bodies are,
 therefore,  as  the  weights, bulk  for bulk.  For
 solids, and liquids, water is  taken  as  the unit;
 atmospheric  air for the gases.   Thus, water  is
 1.000;  mercury  at   the  common  temperature,
 13.58.  AVhence, we conclude mercury is between
 thirteen and fourteen times heavier than water.
   GRAY MATTER  OF  THE BRAIN,  Cortex
 cerebri, see Neurine.
   GREASE, from (F.) Graiaae, 'fat'  A specific
 inflammation, affecting  the  skin of the heels of
 the horse, which  is especially interesting from
 the  circumstance, that  the  matter, if inserted
 under the  cuticle  of an  unprotected individual,
 may give rise to an affection — greaae-pox, vari-
 ola  equina—which  preserves the person from
 small-pox. (?)
   Grease, Barrow's, Adeps suilla — g. Goose,
 Adeps anserina — g.  Molten, Graa-fondure — g.
 Pox, see Grease.
   GREEXIIEART, see Bebeeru.
   GREENIIOW'S  TINCTURE   FOR   THE
 TEETH, Spiritus armoracias  compositus.
   GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis.
   GREENAVEED, Genista tinctoria.
   GRELE (F.), Grac"il,'a, ' long and thin.' This
 epithet is given by the French to various parts,
 as the
   Apophyse Grele du Marteau, the alender apoph'-
 yai8 or process of the malleus,  a long process
 situate at the  anterior  part of the neck  of the
 malleus, which passes out by the fissure of Gla-
 serius.  It is also  called the  Apoph'ysis of Ran,
 although it was already known to Fabricius ab
 Aquapendente and to  Cascilius Follius.
   GRELE, Chalaza — g. Interne de  la Cuiaae,
 Gracilis.
   GREMIL OFFICINALE, Lithospermum offi-
 cinale.
   GREAITUM, Vulva.
   GREXADE, Influenza.
   GRENADIER,  Punica granatum.
   GRENADIN, see Punica granatum.
   GRENIERS, Vesiculas seminales.
   GRENOUILLE, Rana esculenta.
   GRENO GILLETTE, Ranula.
  GREOULX, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Sul-
 phuretted  springs  in  the department of Basses-
 Alpes, France.
  GRESSURA, Perinasum.
  GRESSUS,  AValking.
  GREVEURE, Hernia.
  GRIELUM,  Apium petroselinum, Smyrnium
 oiusatrum.
  GRIFF, see Mulatto.
  GRIFFO, see Mulatto.
  GR1NOEMENT DES DENTS, Brygmus.
  GRINDERS,  Molar teeth —g. Asthma, see
Asthma, grinders'—g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'.
  GRINDING MILL, see Pulverization.
  GRIPES, Tormina,  Colic.
  Gripes, AVatery. A popular name for a dan-
gerous disease of infancy, common in England,
      27
 which does not differ essentially from the cholera
 infantum of this country.
   GRIPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
   GRIPPE (F.), from gripper, 'to gripe,' 'catch
 hold of.'  A vulgar name for several catarrhal
 diseases, which have  reigned epidemically; aa
 the influenza.
   GRIPPE, Pinched.
   GRITS, Groats, (Sax.) Srncca;  (G.) Grie.«,
 'gravel, grits.'
   GRIT GRUEL, Water gruel.   This is  made
 as follows : — Take three  ounces  of grits ; wash
 them well in cold  water, and,  having poured off
 the fluid, put them into four pints of fresh water,
 and boil slowly until  the water is reduced one-
 half; then strain  through a sieve.  It is a good
 demulcent, and is  employed also  as a vehicle for
 clysters.                   '
   GROAN, see Suspirium.
   GROATS, German  Grutze;  Grutum, Ave'na
 exeortica'ta; (F.)  Gruau,  Oatmeal, (Yorkahire.)
 Oats, hulled, but unground, (Lctncaahire.) Hulled
 oats, half ground.  Oats that have the hulls taken
 off; Grita.   When crushed,  they are  termed
 Embden groata.  In America, fine hominy is called
 Grits,  and wheat  prepared  in the  same way is
 likewise so designated.  It is also called wheaten
 hominy.
   Groats, Cracow, Semolina.
   GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta  rosea.
   GROG-ROSES, Gutta rosea.
   GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale.
   GROOVE, Furrow, Sulcua, (F.) Rainure. Ice-
 landic,  grafa, Sax. avayan,  'to dig.'  A channel
 or gutter, in  a bone or surgical instrument.  See
 Couliaae.
   Groove, Primitive, Primitive  streak or trace,
 Nota primitiva.   A bright streak in  the long
 axis of the pellucid part of the area germinativa,
 after it presents a central pellucid  and  a periphe-
 ral opake part, and passes from the round to the
 pear shape.
   GROOVED.  Same etymon.  Sulca'tus, Stria'-
 tus, Canalicula'tua, (F.) Cannele ou  Canele  ou
 Canalieitie; Canaliculated. Having a small chan-
 nel or gutter.
   GROS. Drachm — g.  Con, Bronchocele.
   GROSEILLIER NOIR,  Ribes  nigrum—^.
 Rouge,  Ribes rubrum.
   GROSSE  GORGE, Bronchocele.
   GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy—£.  Abdominale,
 Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Afcctale, Pregnancy,
 afostal—g. Bigeminale, Pregnancy, bigeminal—
 g. Complexe,  Pregnancy, complex—g. Composee,
 Pregnancy, compound — g. Contre-nature,  Preg-
 nancy,  extra-uterine — g. Fausse  ou apparente,
 Pregnancy, false—g. Fcetale, Pregnancy, foetal—
 g. Gazo-hysterique, Pregnancy, gazo-hysteric —
 g. Hemato-hysterique,  Pregnancy, hemato-hyste-
 ric—g. Hydro-hysterique, Pregnancy, hydro-hys-
 teric— g. Inter-extra-uterine,  Pregnancy, com-
 plex—g. Ovarienne, Pregnancy, ovarial—g. Sar-
 co-hyaterique, Pregnancy, sarco-hysteric—g. Sar-
 cofcetale, Pregnancy, sareofcetal—g. Simple, Preg-
 nancy, solitary—g. Solitaire, Pregnancy, solitary
 — g. Trigeminale,   Pregnancy, trigeminal — g
 Triple, Pregnancy, trigeminal—g.  Tubaire, Preg-
 nancy, tubal — g. Utero-abdominale, Pregnancy,
 utero-abdominal—g. Utero-ovarienne, Pregnancy,
 utero-ovarian—g. Utero-tubaire, Pregnancy, ut'e-
 ro-tubal.
  GROSSULARIA NIGRA, Ribes nigrum —g.
 Non spinosa, Ribes nigrum — g.  Rubra, Ribes-
rubrum.
  GROUILLEMENT  D'ENTRAILLES, Bor-
borygmus.
  GROUND  BERRY',  Gaultheria — g. Holly, 
GROUNDSEL
Gaultheria—g. Ivy, Gaultheria—g. Nut, Arachis
hypogea, Pignut—g. Pine, Teucrium chamaspitys
—g. p. French, Teucrium iva.
  GROUNDSEL, Senecio.
  GROUSEBERRY, Gaultheria.
  GROAVTH, from Dutch groeyen, Creacentia,
Anaplo'sis, Anaptyx'is, (F.) Croissance.  The de-
velopment of the body; particularly in the direc-
tion of its height.  Also, any adventitious tissue;
thus, we speak of a morbid growth or formation.
  GRUAU,  Groats.
  GRUB, Larve, see Ectozoa.
  GRUEL,  GRIT, see Grits—g. Water, see Ave-
na, and Grits.
  GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and ruh, 'rough.'
In pharmacy, the coarse  residue, which will  not
pass through the sieve in pulverization.
  GRUMEAU, Coagulum.
  GRUMOUS, Grumo'sus, from grumus, 'a clot'
Clotted.
  GRUMUS, Coagulum.
  GRUTUM.  ' Groats.'  Grutum Milium, Mil-
ium.  A hard white tubercle of the skin, resem-
bling, in size and appearance, a millet-seed.  It
is confined to the face.  See, also, Groats.
  GRYPH'IUS  PES.  The Griffon'a foot,  (F.)
Pied de  Griffon.  An instrument  of which  Am-
brose  Pari speaks, which was used for  extracting
moles from the uterus.
  GRYPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis.
  GRYPO'SIS, from ypvirow, ' I incurvate.'   In-
curvdtio. Curvature or crookedness in general.
Crookedness or incurvation of the nails.   See
Onychoqryposis.
  GRYPOTES, see Grypus.
  GRY'PUS. One who has a crooked or aquiline
nose.   The condition is termed Gry'potes.
  GUA'CO,  Hudco.  The name of a plant, Eu-
pato'rium Guaco,  described by Humboldt  and
Bonpland under the name Mikdnia Guaco, which
grows  in the valleys of  Madalena, Rio-Cauca,
Ac, in South America.  The negroes use  the
juice  against the bites of poisonous reptiles;—
both in the way of prevention and cure. It has
been,  of late, brought forward as  a remedy in
cholera.
  GUAIAC, see Guaiacum.
  GUAIACI LIGNUM,  see Guaiacum —g. Re-
sina, see Guaiacum.
  GUAIACIXE,  see Guaiacum.
  GUAI'ACUM,  G.Officina'le ; G. Am erica'num,
Lignum vita, L. sanctum, L. benedic'tum, Palus
8anctus,  Lignum  In'dicum,  Hagiox'ylum,  (F.)
Gayac,  Ga'iac.   The resin — Guai'aci Reai'na,
Guaiac, (F.) Reaine ou Gomme de Ga'iac—and the
wood—Guaiaci lignum — are both used in medi-
cine.  Their odour is slightly fragrant; taste warm
and bitter, of the resin more so than of the wood.
The resin is  concrete, brittle; colour, externally,
greenish; internally grayish.   AVater dissolves
about one-tenth;  alcohol  95 parts.  It is soluble,
also, in liquor potaaaa 15 parts, liquor ammonia
38 parts.  The powder is  whitish, but changes to
green in  the air.   The base of the guaiacum is a
peculiar resin, called Guaiacine.
  Guaiacum is  stimulant and diaphoretic;  and
in large doses, purgative.  It is administered in
chronic rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous diseases,
and the  sequelae of syphilis.  Dose of resin, gr.
v to xx:—to purge, gr. xx to xl.
  GUALTHERIA, Gaultheria.
  GUANO, — according  to Tschudi,  properly
Huanu— is formed of the excrements of different
kinds of marine birds—mews, divers, sheerbreaks,
Ac, but especially of the Sula r.adegdta.   It is
found in  enormous layers in the South American
islands of the Pacific, and is used as manure.
GUMMA
  GUARANA, Paullinia.
  GUARAPO.   A  fermented liquor  made, in
Peru, of sugar-cane pulp and water.  It is a very
favourite beverage of the negroes.—Tschudi.
  GUARD (for a bed,) Aleee.
  GUARERBA  ORBA, Momordica elaterium.
  GUA\rA APPLE, Psidium pomiferuni.
  GUAYTAATA, Psidium pomiferum.
  GUBERNACULUM DENTIS, (Gubemacu-
lum, 'a rudder.')  A cord, which passes from the
follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long
canal behind the alveolus of the  milk tooth, and
becomes continuous with the  gum.  The  guber-
naculum has been supposed to direct the perma-
nent tooth outwards. The canal has been termed
Iter dentis.
  Gubernaculum Testis,  67. t. Hunted, Liga-
men'tum suspenso'rium  Testis, (F.) Gourernail du
testicule.  A triangular, fibro-cellular cord;  which,
in the fcetus, arises from the ramus of the ischium
and the skin of the scrotum, and proceeds to the
posterior part of the  testicle, before this organ
issues from the abdomen.   It has been supposed
to be a continuation of the fascia  superficialis
with muscular fibres from  the  internal  oblique
muscle,  which pass  upwards to the testis when
in the abdomen; and by their contraction draw
the testis down, and ultimately form the  crevas-
ter muscle.
  GUEPE, Wasp.
  GUERISON, Cure.
  GUERISSABLE, Curable.
  GUI,  Alscum album.
  GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA, Hyperanthe'ra
moringa.  A plant  which  affords the Ben nut,
and  the  lignum nephriticum.  It is also called
Morin'ga Ole'if'era  seu Zeylan'ica seu Nux ben
seu Pterygosper'ma.  The  nut Ben, Glana un-
guentdria, Ben Nux, Bal'anua Myrep'sica, Sun'-
dalum caru'leum, Oily Acorn  or Ben nut, is a
AVest India nut which furnishes an oil, O'leum
Balani'num, that does not become rancid by age,
and is hence used by perfumers.  It is purgative.
  The wood of the Guilandina is called Lignum
Nephrit'icum, and has been used in decoction, in
affections of the urinary organs.
  GUIMAUVE, Althaea—g. Vcloutee, Hibiscus
abelmoschus.
  GULA, GSsophagus, Pharynx.
  GULiE IMBECILLITAS, Pharyngoplegia—
g. Principium, Pharynx.
  GULLET, CEsophagus.
  GULOSUS, Glutton.
  GUM  ANIME, Anime — g. Arabic,  Acacias
gummi — g. Bassora, Bassora gum — g. British,
Dextrin — g. Butea, see Butea frondosa — g. Ca-
ranna, Caranna — g. Dragon,  Tragacantha—g.
Elastic,  Caoutchouc — g. Falling away  of the,
Ulatrophia — g. Hemlock, see Pinus Canadensis
— g. Indigenous, Gummi  nostras — g. Juniper,
Sandarac—g. Orenburg, see Pinus larix—g. Red,
Strophulus—g. Resin, Gummi resina,—g. Sanda-
rach, Sandarac—g. Seneca, Acacias gummi — g.
Senega, Acacias gummi—g. Shrinking  of the,
Ulatrophia—g. Sweet, Liquidambar styraeiflua—
g. Tragacanth, Tragacanth—g. Tree, brown, see
Kino—g. AVhite, Strophulus—g. Yellow, Icterus
infantum.
  Gum-Lancet, Dentiscalpium, Odontog'lyphon,
(F.) Dechaus8oir.  An instrument for separating
the gum from the cervix of  the tooth, prior to
extraction.  It is formed much like a fleam. The
operation itself is called Lancing the gums, Den'-
tium scalptn'ra, (F.) Dechaussement.
  GUMBOIL, Parulis.
  GUMMA,  (F.) Gomme.   An  elastic tumour,
formed in the periosteum, occupying particularly
41 
GUMMI
419
GUTTA
the cranium and sternum, and produced by the
syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con-
stitution.   It is so called, because, when opened,
it contains a matter like  gum.
  GUMMI, Commi, xoppt, (F.) Gomme.  An im-
mediate  principle of vegetables.  It is a  solid,
uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawk-
ish  taste, unchangeable  in the  air,  insoluble in
alcohol, but soluble in  water, with which it forms
a mucilage.  It is obtained from various species
of mimosa and prunus;  and consequently there
are many  varieties of gum.   They  are used in
medicine  as demulcents, emollients, and  relax-
ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations,
Ac.; and in Pharmacy, they are employed in the
formation of emulsions, pills, Ac.
  Gummi Acacia Arabics, Acacias  gummi — g.
Aeanthinum, Acacias gummi—g. Adstringens Fo-
thergilli, Kino—g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac—g.
Anime, Anime—g. Arabicum, Acacias gummi—g.
Astragali Tragacanthas, Tragacantha—g. Bogia,
Cambogia—g. Brelisis, Caranna—g.  Copallinum,
Copal—g. Elasticum, Caoutchouc—g. Euphorbias,
see Euphorbia officinarum—g. Gamandras,Cambo-
gia—g. Gambiense, Kino—g. de Goa, Cambogia—
g. Gutta, Cambogia—g. Hederas, see Hedera helix
—g. de Jemu, Cambogia—g. Juniperi, Sandarac
—g. Laccas, Lacca — g. Ladanum, see Cistus cre-
ticus—g. Lamac, Acacias  gummi—g. Laricis, see
Pinus larix—g. Leucum,  Acacias gummi.
  Gummi Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Pays ; Indig"-
enoua Gum.  These generic names are given to
several species of gum,  which flow spontaneously
from certain indigenous fruit trees, — such as the
almond, cherry, peach, apricot, Ac.  The indige-
nous gums have nearly  the  same properties as
gum Arabic; but they  are inferior to it
  Gummi Orenburgense, see Pinus larix—g. Pa-
nncis, see Pastinaca opoponax—g. ad Podagram,
Cambogia.
  Gummi-Resina, Gum-Resin.   A milky  juice,
obtained by making incisions into the branches,
stalks and  roots of certain vegetables.  Gum-re-
sins are compounds of resins, gum, essential oil,
and different other vegetable matters.  They are
solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour, acrid taste,
variable  colour, and   are heavier  than  water.
Water  dissolves a part  of them, and  alcohol an-
other ;  hence proof spirit is the proper menstruum.
The  generality of the  gum-resins are powerful
stimulants to the whole or to parts  of the econo-
my.  The  chief are  asafcetida,  gum ammoniac,
euphorbium, galbanum,  camboge, myrrh, olibanum,
opoponax, scammony, aloes, Ac.
  Gummi Rubrum Adstringens Gambiense, Ki-
no, see Butea Frondosa—g. Seneca, Senegal gum
— g. Senega, Senegal, gum — g. Senegalense, Se-
negal, gum — g. Senica, Senegal, gum — g. Sera-
picmis, Acacias  gummi — g. Thebaicum, Acacias
gummi — g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha—g. Ura-
leuse, see Pinus larix.
  GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous.
  GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous.
  GU.AIMOSUS, Mucilaginous.
  GUMS, Gingivae.
  G CN-COTTON, see  Collodion —g. c. Ethereal
soluLion of, Collodion.
  GUNJAH, see Bangue.
  GUNNER A  PERPEN'SA.   A  South  Afri-
can plant, Nat. Ord. Urticaeeas ; the decoction of
which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm-
ers, as a tonic in dyspepsia.  A tincture has been
used in gravel.   An infusion of the leaves is de-
mulcent, and is employed in pulmonary affections.
Tho leaves are applied  fresh, to cure wounds and
ulcers.
   GURGITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia.  Temp, at
its source, 176° Fah.   It contains carbonic acid,
carbonates of lime,  magnesia, iron and soda, sul-
phates of lime and soda,  chloride of sodium and
silica.
   GURGLING.  'Gushing with noise,' as water
from a bottle.  (F.) Gargouillement, same etymon
as gargle.  The  rhonchus or rdle heard on aus-
cultation when there is a  cavity in the lungs con-
taining pus.  It  is the 'cavernous rattle or rhon-
chua,' Rdle caverneux. The size  of the bubbles
heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been
called  cavernoua and cavern'uloua, (F.) Rdle  ca-
vernuleux.  If the cavern be large, this rale will
nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle (glouglou
d'une bouteille;) if,  on the contrary, the  cavern
be small, it will not  differ from the rate  mu-
queiix.
   GURGULIO,  Penis, Uvula,
   GUSTAT IF, (Nerfi) see Lingual nerve.
   GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste.
   GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve.
   GUSTUS, Taste—g. Depravatus,  Parageustia.
   GUT, Intestine—g. Blind, Cascum.
   GUTS, SLIPPERINESS  OF THE, Lientery.
   GUTTA, Apoplexy,  Cambogia,  Gout —g. Ga-
mandras, Cambogia — g. Gamba, Cambogia — g.
Opaca, Cataract.
  Gutta.  A Drop, Stalag'ma, Alttn'eel, Stilla,
(F.) Goutte.  A quantity  of liquid, generally va-
lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain.  The
weight, however, varies  according to different
circumstances, as the  degree of tenacity of the
fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which the
suspended drop is attached before it falls; and it
was found  by Mr. Alsop to be influenced by the
size of the bottle, and the  angle of inclination at
which it was held during the operation of drop-
ping.   The following are  some of his results as
to the  number  of drops  required to  measure a
fluidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small
bottle.
                      From a large From a small
                           bottle.    bottle.
(Qjjj) Diluted sulphuric acid... .24 drops 84 drops
    Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35..... 70
    Distilled water...........31..... 54
    Solution of ammonia.....40..... 48
    Tincture of opium........84.....135
    Rectified spirits.........100..... 130
    Tincture of chloride of iron 100.....150

  Gutta Percha.   The concrete juice of a tree
—Iaonan'dra gutta—which is indigenous in Sing-
apore and its vicinity, and belongs to the Natural
order Sapotaceas.  Plunged  in  boiling water it
softens, when it may be moulded like caoutchouc
to any  form, which it retains on cooling. Splints
and other instruments have been made of it
  Gutta Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Arenus.
  Gutta Rosea, Gutta  Roadcea, Ion'thua co-
rymb'ifer, Crusta serpigino'sa,  C. prurigino'sa,
Acne rosa'cea, Rose'olaacno'sa, Thylaciltis, Bae-
chia, Butiga,  Carbuncled Face, Rosy Drop  or
Whelk, Copper-nose, Bottle-nose,  Grog-bloaaoma,
Grog-ro8ea, (F.)  Couperoae, Goutte Roae, Bour-
geons, Dartre pustuleuse couperose.  An eruption
of small,  suppurating tubercles, with shining red-
ness, and an irregular granular appearance of the
skin  of the part of the face which is affected.
The  redness commonly appears  first at the end
of the  nose, and then spreads on both sides.  It
is often  produced by hard drinking.  Its  cure
must be attempted by regular regimen, and cool- 
GUTTiE
420
GYRUS
ing means- internally: weak  spirituous or satur-
nine lotions  externally.   The affection is usually
Tery obstinate.
  Gutta Serena, Amaurosis.
  GUTT.E ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Laudanum
abbatis Rousseau—g. Ammoniaci, see Ammoniac
gum—g. Acidas tonicas, Elixir Acidum Halleri—
g. Nervinas,  Alcohol sulfurico-osthereus ferri.
  Gutt.e  NiGR^E, Ace'tum o'pii, Common Black
Drop.  (Opii ^viij, aceti destillat. Ibij, Infuse.)
  The celebrated Black Drop, Ian''caster or Qua-
ker's Black Drop, may be  made as follows.  Take
half a pound of opium sliced ; three pints of good
verjuice, (juice of the  wild crab,) one and a half
ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of  saffron.
Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a
pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast  Set
the whole in a warm place, near  the fire, for six
or eight weeks; then place it in the open air un-
til it becomes a syrup.  Lastly, decant, filter, and
bottle it up, adding a little sugar  to  each bottle.
One drop is equal to three of laudanum; and it
is nearly devoid of all the unpleasant exciting
effects  of  the  latter.  An analogous formula  is
contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the  United
States under the name Ace'tum opii, Vinegar of
Opium.
  GUTTALIS CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti-
lage.
  GUTTERIA, Bronchocele.
  GUTTUR.   The throat; the larynx; the
trachea.
  Guttur Globosum, Bronchocele—g. Tumidum,
Bronchocele.
  GUT'TURAL, Gutturdlis, from guttur,  'the
throat'  Relating or belonging to the throat
  The Superior Thyroideal Artery is sometimes
called Guttural Artery.
  A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita-
tion of the larynx or trachea.
  A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it  were,
in the throat.
  GUTTURIS  OS, nyoides  os.
  GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid  cartilages.
  GYMNA, Genital Organs.
  GYMNASION, Exercise.
  GYMNA'SIUM, from yvpvos, 'naked.' Palaa'-
tra.  An establishment amongst the ancients, in-
tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running,
Ac.; a term now used in Germany, more  espe-
cially for an  academy or higher school.
  GYMNAST, Gymnaa'tea,  Gymnaa'ta;  same
etymon.  The  manager of a gymnasium.  One,
whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases
by gymnastics.
  GYMNAS'TICS, Gymnaa'lica, Medicina gym-
nas'tica seu eueet'ica, Somacelica. Same etymon.
That part of hygienic medicine which treats of
bodily exercises.  It is called Med'ical Gymnas-
tics. The ancients had also Athlet'ic Gymnastics,
and Military  Gymnastics.  Herodicus, of Seli-
vrasa, first proposed  gymnastics for  the cure of
disease.
   GYMNOCLADUS  CANADENSIS,  Coffee
Tree, Mahogany, Nickar  Tree, Bondue.   An in-
digenous tree, which grows from  Ohio to  Louisi-
ana.  The leaves are  cathartic, and said to con-
tain cy tisin.  The seeds are a good substitute for
coffee.
  GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH,  Asplenium
ceterach.
  GYMNOSIS, Denudation.
  GYNiE'CANER, from yvvn,  'a woman,' and
avrjp, 'a man.'   Vir effamindtus.  An effeminate
man.
  GYN.ECEA, Gynseceia.
  GYNiECEI'A, Gynacla,  Gynace'a, from yvvij,
'a woman.'  The catamenia; — the lochia.   The
diseases of women  in general.—Hippocrates, Ga-
len, Foesius.
  GYN.ECEUM, Antimonium, Vulva.
  GYNiECE'US, from yvvn,  ' a woman.' Belong-
ing to women.   Female.  Feminine.
  GYNiECIA, Gynseceia, Menses.
  GYN^ECOLOG"IA,  Gynecology,  from  yvvn,
'a woman,' and loyos, 'a description.'  The doc-
trine of the nature, diseases, Ac. of women.
  GYNiECOMA'NIA, from yvvn,  'woman,' and
pavia, 'mania,' 'rage.'  That species of insanity,
yvhich  arises from  love for  women.  Some  have
used the word synonymously with nymphomania.
  GYN^ECOMAS'TUS,  Gynacomas'thus,  from
yvvn, 'woman,' andpaaros, 'abreast' A man whoso
breasts are as large as those of a woman.—Galen,
Ingrassias.
  A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a
female was formerly called Gynacomas'ton.
  GYNiECOMYS'TAX, from ywn, 'woman,'and
pvaral-, ' the  beard.'  The hair on the pubes of
women.—Rolfink.
  GYN.ECOPHO'NUS,  from yvvn, 'a woman,'
and tpwvij,  ' voice.'  A man who has an effeminate
voice.
  GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity.
  GYNANDRUS,  Gynanthropus.
  GYNANTHRO'PUS,  Gynan'drus.   An  her-
maphrodite who belongs more to the  male  than
to the female sex.
  GYNATRE'SIA, from yvvn, 'a woman,' and
arpijros, 'imperforate.'  Closure or imperforation
of the external parts of generation of the  female.
  GYNE,  Female.
  GYNECOLOGY, Gynascologia.
  GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite.
  GYNOARIUM, Ovarium.
  GYNOPLAS'TIC,  Gynoplas'ticua, from yvw,
'a woman,' and izlaaaw, ' I form.' The gynoplas-
ty operation is employed for opening or dilating
the closed or contracted  genital openings of the
female.
  GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L. Vir-
ginicus.
  GYRI CEREBRI, Anfractuosities  (cerebral,)
Convolutions (cerebral,)—g. Cochleas, Scalas of
the Cochlea.
  GYROMIA VIRGIXICA, Medeola Virginica.
  GYROPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
  GYROPHORA, see  Tripe de Roche.
  GYRUS, Anfractuosity, Convolution.
 _ GYRUS FORNICA'TUS,  'Arched convolu-
tion.'   A  large convolution of the brain, which
lies horizontally on the corpus callosum, and may
be traced forwards  and backwards  to the  base of
the brain, terminating by each extremity at the
fissure of Sylvius.  The surface  of  the hemi-
sphere, where it comes in contact with the corpus
callosum, is bounded by  it 
nAB-EL-KALIMBAT           421             H.EMATEMESIS
  HAB-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus.
  11ABBI, Hugenia Abyssinica.
  HABE'NA.  A fiddle, Telamon.  A bandage
for  uniting the lips of wounds;  which, in many
instances, replaced the suture.—Galen.
  HAIiEX.E OF THE  PINEAL GLAND,  see
Pineal gland.
  HABIL'LA DE   CARTIIAGE'NA,  Bejuio,
Carthage'na Bean, (F.) Five de Cartliagenc.   A
kind of bean  of  South  America, famed as an ef-
fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a
small quantity be eaten immediately.
  HABIT, Habitn'do, from habere,  'to have  or
to  hold;'  Assitctu'tlo,  Mos,  Usus,  Consuetu'do,
Ethos, 'el-ts,  He <is,   Ethmos'yne, (F.)  Habitude,
Accoutuiiiance. Habit is the aptitude for repeat-
ing certain acts : — or, a facility,  which results
from the frequent repetition of the same act   It
is, according to vulgar expression,  'a second na-
ture'  Habit may predispose to  certain diseases,
or it may protect us  against them.   It  ought not
to be lost sight of, in attending  to the progress
of disease, or of its treatment.
  Habit  of  Body,  Constitu'tio, Hab'itua, Hab'-
itua Cor'poria, Cains'last's, Hexia,  Epiphanla,
(F.)  Habitude exterieure, Habitude du  corps.
The aggregate of the physical  qualities of the
human body.
  HA 11 ITU DE,  Habit — h. du Corpa,  Habit of
body—h.  Exterieure, Habit of body.
  UABITUDO, Habit.
  HABITUS, Habit  of body —h. Apoplecticus,
Apoplectic habit—h. Corporis, Habit of body.
  1IACIIICH, see Bangue.
  HACIIISCH, Bangue.
  HACKBERRY, Celtis occidentalis.
  ll.EMA, 'aipa,  'aiparos, 'blood.'
  H.EMACIIROINE, Hasmatine.
  lLEMACHRO'SES, ( (G.)  Ham achrosen,)
from 'aipa, 'blood,' and %pwais,  'coloration.'   A
family of diseases in which the blood has its co-
lour different from usual, as in purpura and cya-
nosis.—Fuchs.
  ILEMACY'ANIN, from 'aipa, 'blood,'  and
xvavos, 'blue.'  A blue colouring matter, detected
by  Sanson in healthy blood, and in bile by some
chemists, but not by others.
  lLEMADoX'OSUS, from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and
roaos, ' a disease.'  Hamatangioiloaus, Hamatan-
giunu'sus, Hamatangio'sis.  Disease of the blood-
vessels.
  H.EMADOSTO'SIS,  from 'aipa, 'blood,'  and
oarwats, ' a bony  tumour.'   Ossification of the
blood-vessels.
  ll.EMADYNAMETER, Hasniadynainometer.
  11 .E M A DYNAMO M ' ETER,  Hamatodyna-
mom'eter,  Hamadynam'etev, Hamom'eter, Hama-
toin'eter, (V.) He madyna met re, Hemometre ; from
'aipa, 'blood,' Svvapis,  'power,' and perpov, 'a
measure'   An instrument for measuring  the
force of the bio.id in  the vessels.  It consists of
a bent glass  tube, the lower  bent  part of which
is filled with  mercury.   A brass  head is fitted
into the artery, and a, solution of carbonate of soda
is interposed  between the mercury and  the blood,
which is allowed to  enter the tube for  the pur-
pose of preventing its coagulation.  The pressure
of the blood  on the  mercury in  the  descending
portion of the bent tube causes the metal to rise
in  the ascending portion; and  the degree to
 which it rises indicates the pressure under which
 the blood moves.
   H.EM AGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever,
 yellow.                i
   1LEMAG0GUM, Pasonia.
   HA-LMAGO'GUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and ayw,
 'I  drive off.'   A medicine which promotes the
 menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges.
   IliEMAL, from 'aipa, 'blood.'  Relating to the
 blood or blood-vessels.
   Haemal  Arch.  The arch formed by the pro-
 jections anteriorly from the body of the vertebras
 of  the ribs and sternum.  It encloses the great
 blood-vessels.—Owen.
   HAEMAL  Axis, Aorta,—h. Spine, Sternum.
   IlyEMALO'PIA, Hasmophthalmia, Hasmalopis.
   H^EMALOPIS, Hasmophthalmia.
   II^EAIALOPS,  Hasmophthalmia.
   ILEMAN'THUS COCCIX'EUS.  A beautiful
 South African plant, A'at.  Ord.  Amaryllideas, the
 bulb of which  is  employed as a diuretic.  It is
 given as an oxymel in  asthma and dropsy.  The
 fresh  leaves are  antiseptic, and applied to foul,
 flabby ulcers, and in anthrax.
   ILEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (F.) Hc'ma-
 peritonirrhagie ;  from  'aipa,  ' blood,' ireptroutiov,
 ' peritoneum,' and payn, ' a violent rupture.'  An
 exhalation  of blood into the peritoneum.
   HjEMAPILE'LN, Hamatopha'um, Hamopha'-
 um, from  'aipa, 'blood,' and tpatos, 'of a dusky
 colour.'  A term applied by Simon to the brown
 colouring matter of the blood, supposed by some
 to be  nothing more than hasmatin  modified by an
 alkali.
   HiEMAPH'OBUS, Hamoph'obus,  from 'aipa,
 ' blood,' and tpoffos, ' dread.' One who has a dread
 of blood :—who cannot look at it without fainting.
   ILEMAPOPHYSES, Costal  cartilages,  see
 Costa.
   11 M^Sl AYOK'I A,Hamatapor' ia,Hamatopor'ia,
 Oligoha'mia, Oliga'mia, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
 anopos, ' poor.'   Paucity of blood.   See Anasmia.
   H.EMAPTYSIS, Hasmoptysis.
   HiEMAS, 'aipas, gen. 'atpaSos. A blood-vessel.
   HiE.MASTATIC^, Hasmatostatica.
   ILEMASTATTCE,  from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
 tarnpt, ' I  remain,'  ' reside.'   A  science,  tvhieh
 treats of the strength of the blood-vessefs; Hy-
 mastat'ics.
   HyEMATANGIOXOSUS, Hasmadonosus.
   ILEMATAXGIOSIS. Hasmadonosus.
   ILP.MATAPORIA, Ilasmaporia,
   H.EMATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera.
   ILEMATEC'LYSIS, Hamotex'ia, Hamotex'is,
 Hamatosep'sis, San'guinis  dissolu'tio; from "otua,
 'blood,' and exlvais,  'loosening.'  Dissolution of
 the blood.
   ILEMATELiEUM, see  Blood.
   ILEMATEM'ESIS,  from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
 ipew, 'I vomit'   Vom'itus crucn'tus, Hainorrhd-
 gia Hamatem'eais, Vom'itus seu Vomit"io San'-
 guinis,  Gastrorrhag"ia,  Gastro - hamorrhag"ia,
 Hamorrhacf'ia  ventric'uli, Hamorrhcc'a ventric'-
 uli, Vomiting  of  Blood,  (F.) Hematemcae, Vo-
 misaement  de sang.   H;umatemesis is generally
 preceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and
 dull or pungent pain in the epigastric and in the
 hypochondriac  regions; by anxiety,  and, occa-
 sionally, by syncope.   Blood is then pnssed  by
| vomiting, and  sometimes,  also, by stool, — tho 
HEMATENCEPHALUM         422       HEMATODYNAMOMETER
blood being generally of a grumous aspect.  Has-
matemesis may  be  active or passive,  acute  or
chronic  The blood effused proceeds, almost al-
ways, from a sanguineous exhalation at the sur-
face of the mucous  mambrane  of the  stomach.
It is often observed  in  females whose menstrual
seeretion is  irregularly performed.   It  is  not of
much danger, except when connected with dis-
ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen.
On dissection of  those who have died from pro-
tracted hasmatemesis,—for the acute kind is com-
paratively devoid of danger, •—the mucous  mem-
brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed,
or black,  and the vessels considerably dilated.
Complete  abstinence from food; rest; the hori-
zontal posture;  bleeding, if the hemorrhage  be
active;  cold, acidulous drinks, Ac, constitute the
usual treatment.
  ILEMATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy.
  1LEMATEPAGOGE, Congestion.
  ILE.AIATERA, Hepatirrhosa.
  IPEMATERUS, Sanguine.
  H^EMATERYTHRIIM, Hasmatin.
  H.EMATEXOSTOSIS, Osteosarcoma.
  IL/EMATHIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus.
  II.EMATHORAX, Hasmatothorax.
  1LEMATIASIS, Hasmatonosus.
  ILEMATTCA, from 'aipa, 'blood.'  Diseases
of the sanguineous function : — the third class in
the nosology of  Good.  Also, medicines that act
on the blood.—Pereira.
  H.kmatica Doctrina, Hematology.
  HiEMATICUS, Sanguine.
  H.EMATIDROSIS,  Sudor cruentus.
  ILE'MATIN,  Hamatlna,  Hem'atine, Hama-
tosin, Hem'atosine,  Hamater'ythrum,  Hamer'y-
thrum, Zoohem'atin,  Hemachro'in, Cm'or in, Ru-
brin, Glob'ulin of some ; from aipa, 'blood.'  The
red colouring matter of the blood.  It resides in
distinct particles or globules,  and, in the opi-
nion of some observers, in  the  envelope  of the
globules.  It appears to be of a peculiar charac-
ter, and one that has  not yet  been  determined
by the chemist  That the colour of  the blood is
not owing to the peroxide of iron which it con-
tains, is shown by the fact mentioned  by Scherer,
that he removed the iron by acids, and  yet a
deep  red tincture was formed when alcohol was
added to the residuum.
  lLE.AIATIN'IC, Hamatin'icus: fromhamatin,
'the red colouring matter of the blood.'  An agent
that augments the number of red corpuscles of the
blood.—Pereira.
  ILEMATINUS, Sanguine.
  HiEMATIS'CHESIS,  Hamis'cheaia, Hamo-
crypllia, from 'aipa,  ' blood,' and tajreiv, ' to sup-
press.'  The retention or suppression of a natural
or artificial flow  of blood.
  HiEMATISMUS,  Epistaxis, Hasmorrhagia.
  H^EMATISTH'MUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
tadpos, 'pharynx.' Hemorrhage into the pharynx.
  ILEMATI'TES, Hamati'tis,from 'aipa, 'blood.'
Resembling  blood.  Lapis Hamatl tea.  A beau-
tiful ore of iron,  called also,  Bloodstone, O'chrea
rubra, Ox'ydum  fer'rieum crystalliza'tum  natl-
>-.um, Ferrum Hamatites.  AVhen finely levigated,
and  freed from  the grosser parts,  by frequent
washings  with water,  it has been  long recom-
mended in  hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine obstruc-
tions, Ac, in doses of from one scruple to three or
four.  Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'aipart-
TIS tplc^t.
  H.EMATMUS, Gaz sanguinis.
  H,EMATOCATHAR'TICA, from 'aipa, 'blood,'
and xaBapats, 'purification or purgation.'  Reme-
dies for purifying the blood.
  TL&MATOCE'LE, from  'aipa,  'blood/  and
xnln, 'tumour.' A tumour formed by blood. By
some, this term has been applied to a  tumour
formed by blood, effused into the areolar texture
of the scrotum. Others have used it for tumours
arising from effusion of blood into the tunica va-
ginalis :—hematocele, according to them, differ-
ing from hydrocele, only in the character of the
effusion. — Heister.  Others, again, havo applied
it to effusions of blood into the interior of the
tunica  albuginea  itself. — Richter.  The first  is
the usual acceptation.   It is  most commonly
caused by wounds  or contusions; and requires
the use of antiphlogistics, discutients, Ac.  Some-
times it is necessary to evacuate the effused blood.
  Hematocele Arteriosa, Aneurism.
  H^MATO-CEREBRIFORM DISEASE, En-
cephaloid.
  ILEMATOCHE'ZIA, from  'aipa, 'blood,' and
^£^oi, 'I go to stool.' Sedes cruen'ta, Catarrhex'is
vera, Enterorrhag"ia simplex, Diarrhm'a cruenta
seu eanguinolen'ta, Ha'mato-diarrhce'a, Hamor-
rhag"ia  inteatino'rum, En'tero-hamorrhag"ia,
(F.) Hemorrhagic  dea inteatina, Ecoulement  de
sang par I'lntestiii.  Discharge of blood by stool.
See Melasna.
  IUEMATOCHYSIS, Hasmorrhagia.
  HuEMATOCCE'LIA, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
xoilia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.'  Effusion of
blood into the abdomen.
  ILEMATOCOL'PUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
xolnos, 'vagina.'  Effusion of blood into  the va-
gina.   Accumulation of blood owing to occlusion
of the vagina.
  H/EMATOCYANOSIS, Cyanopathy.
  1LEMAT0CYSTE, Hfematomasaccatum.
  HyEMATOCYST'IS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
xvans, 'bladder.'  Hemorrhage  into the bladder.
  HiEMATO'DES, Hamatdi'dea,  Sanguin'eua,
Ha'matoid,  He'matoid, from 'aipa, ' blood,' and
ctSos. ' appearance.'  That which contains blood,
or has the character of blood.
  H^ematodes Fungus, Hamatomy'cea,  Fungus
cancro'au8 hamato'des, Mela'na fungo'sa careino'-
des, Angidiospon'gua, Anyiomy'ces, Hamatospon'-
git8,  Tumor fungo'sits stinguin'eua seu anom'ttlua,
Spon'goid inflammation,   Pulpy or Medullary
Sarco'ma, Carcino'ma Hamato'dea, Carcino'nia
Spongiosum, Bleeding Fungna, Soft  Cancer, (F.)
Carcinome aanglant, Hematoncie fongo'ide. An ex-
tremely alarming carcinomatous affection, which
was  first described, with  accuracy, by Mr.  John
Burns, of Glasgow.  It consists in the develop-
ment of cancerous tumours, in which the inflam-
mation is accompanied with violent heat and pain,
and with fungus and bleeding excrescences.  Even
when the diseased part is extirpated, at a very
early period, recovery rarely follows; other or-
gans being generally implicated at the same time.
Fungus hasmatodes was the term first applied  to
the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds.  Mr. J. Burns
called it Spongoid inflammation, from the spongy,
elastic feel, which peculiarly characterizes it, and
continues even after ulceration  has taken place.
The disease has, most frequently, been met with
in the eyeball, the upper  and lower extremities,
testicle and  mamma;  but it occurs in the uterus,
ovary, liver, spleen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland,
and in the hip and shoulder-joint
  Some French surgeons designate, by this name,
those tumours which were formerly termed anor-
males, caverneuscs, variqueuaea, called Ereetilea
by Dupuytren, llimntondes, by Alibert,  and Te-
langiectasia by Gr'afe.
  HTEMATODIARRHffiA, Hasmatochezia.
  IPExAIATODYNAMOMETER,Hasmadynamo-
meter. 
IL33MATOGASTER           423            HiEMATOXYLON
   ILEMATOGASTER, from 'aipa, 'blood,'and
 yaarnp,  'stomach.'  Effusion of blood into  the
 Stomach.
   H.EAIATOGENETICA, nasmatopoietica.
   1I-EA1AT0GL0BULIN,  see Globules  of  the
 blood.
 ^ ILEMATOGRA'PHIA, Ilamatog'raphy, from
  aipa, ' blood,' and ypatpn, ' a  description.'  A de-
 scription of the blood.
   H.EMATOID, Ha-matodes.
   11 .E M ATOL'OGY,Hemittology,Hamatolog"ia,
 Hamalica iloctrlna, (F.)Hematologic, from 'aipa,
 'blood,' and loyos,  'a discourse.'   That part of
 medicine which treats of the  blood.
   Hematology, Patholog"ical, (F.) Hematolo-
 gic pathologiqnc.   Observation of the blood to
 detect its varying characters  in disease.
   H.EMATOL'YSES,  (G.)  Hamatolysen,
 from  'aipa,  'blood,' and Ivais, 'solution.'  An
 order of  diseases in which there  is diminished
 coagulability of the  blood.—Fuchs.
   ILEMATOLYTICUM, Spanasmic
   H^EMATO'MA, Thrombus, Tumor aanguin'eua.
 A bloody tumour, especially of the  scalp  of the
 new-born.
   II kmato'ma Sacca'tum. An encysted tumour
 containing blood—Hamatocya'te.
   IUEMATOMANTI'A, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
 pavreta, ' divination.' Judgment of disease from
 the appearance of the blood.
   ILE.MATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia.
   II ,E M A T 0 M ETA CHYSIS, Transfusio san-
 guinis.
   ILEAIATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia.
   H.EMATOMMA,  Hasmophthalmia.
   ILEMATOMPHALOCE'LE,  Hamatom'pha-
 lum, lIamatomphdlu8, from 'aipa, 'blood,' optpaXos,
 'the navel,' and xnln, 'a tumour.' Umbilical her-
 nia, the sac of which encloses a bloody serum; or
 which has, at its surface, a number of varicose
 veins ; constituting  Varicom'phalua.
   II.EAIATOMPHALUM, Ilasmatomphalocele.
   ILEMATOMYCES, Hasmatodes  fungus.
   ll.EMATOX'CUS, (F.) Hematoncie, from 'aipa,
 'blood,' and oyxos, 'a tumour.' Alibert has  given
 this name to the Navi mater'ni, Varicoae tumours.
 He admits three varieties :—the H. fongdide, H.
 framboisee, and H. tubereuse.
   ILEAIATOX'OSUS,  Hamatlaaie, Hamatopa-
 thi'a, Hamopathla, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and voaos,
 'disease.'  A disease of the blood. Blood-disease.
   ILEMATOPATIIIA, Hasmatonosus.
   1LEMATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis.
   H^MATOPERICAR'DIUM, from  'aipa,
 'blood,' and irepixap&tov, 'pericardium.'  Effusion
 of blood into the pericardium.
   IT.EMATOPH.EUM, IPasmaphasin.
   ll.EAIATOPHIL'IA, Hamophilia, Hamorrho-
 phil'ia. Idiosyncra'sia hamorrhag"ica, from 'aipa,
 ' blood,' and tpilew, ' I love.' A hemorrhagic dia-
 thesis.
   H.EMATOPHLEBES'TASTS.   Sudden sup-
 pres.-.ion of a hemorrhage; — from araats 'atparos
 <ple(lwv, 'suppression  of the blood of the  veins.'—
 Galen.
   ILEAIATOPnOB'IA,//iemo^o&'/a, from'ai/m,
 'blood,' and tpoffos, 'dread.'  Dread or horror at
 the sight of blood, producing syncope, Ac.
   H.EMATOPHTHALMIA, Hasmopthalmia.
  IPE.AIATOPIFTHORES, (G.) Hamatoph-
 thoren; from 'aipa,  'blood,' and $9opa,  'corrup-
 tion.'   An order of diseases in the  classification
of Fuchs, in which the blood is materially altered
in  its composition, as  'm typhus.
    ILEMATOP'ISIS, (F.) Hematopisie.  M. Ca-
  puron, of Paris, has applied the term Hematopisie
  uterine, from analogy with Hydropisie uterine, to
  a collection of blood which sometimes takes place
  in the uterus, when, owing to faulty conforma-
  tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented.
    HiEMATOPLA'NIA, Hamatoplane'sis,  from
  'aipa, ' blood,' and irAa^, ' wandering.'   A vica-
  rious  hemorrhage.
    Hematopla'nia Menstrua'lis, Menstruation,
  vicarious.
    IPEMATOPLETHORA, Plethora.
    H.EMATOPCEA, Hasmatopoetica.
    1PEMATOPOESIS, Hasmatosis.
   H^EMATOPOET'ICA, Hamatopce'a, Hamato-
 genet'ica, 'bloodmakers,' from 'aipa, 'blood,' and
  irotew, 'I make.'  Agents that favour hasmatosis.
  Iron was called by the ancients metallum hama-
 topoet'icum.
   ILEMATOPOIESIS, Hasmatosis.
   H.EMATOPORIA, Hasmaporia.
   ILEMATOPS, Hasmophthalmia.
   IPEMATOPSIA, Hasmophthalmia.
   ILEMATOPTYSIA, Hasmoptysis.
   IPEMATOPTYSIS, Hasmoptysis.
   H^MATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
   ILEMATORRHAGIA, Hasmorrha<ria.
   ILEMATORRHffiA, Ha>morrhagia.
   1PEMATORRIIOSIS, Cholera.
   ILEMATORRIIYSIS, Hasmorrhagia.
   H;EMAT0SCHE0CE'LE,//ffimr«eWe7e,Zfe-
 matos'cheum, from 'aipa, 'blood,' oa\eov, 'scrotum,'
 and K17A17, 'rupture.'  Effusion of "blood into the
 scrotum.

   IPEMATOSCHEUM, Hasmatoscheocele.
   HyEMATOSCOP'IA, Hamoscop'ia,(F.)Hemor-
 rhoscopie, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and axonew, 'I view.'
 An examination of blood drawn.
   IPEMATOSEPSIS, Hasmateclysis.
   H.EMATOSIN, Hasmatin.
   H.EMATO'SIS,  Examato'sis,  Enhamato'sis,
 Hamatopoie'aia, Hamatopoe'aia, Procredtio  aan-
 guinia;  Decarbonizdtion, Atmoapheriza'tion of
 the blood;  Sanguification; from  'aipa, 'blood.'
 The transformation of the venous blood and chyle
 into arterial blood  by respiration.   Called, also,
 Aera'tion, Arterializdtion of the blood.  Forma-
 tion of blood in general.
   ILEMATOSPILIA, Purpura hasmorrhaHca.
   H.EMATOSPOXGUS, Hasmatodes fungus.
   HiEMATOSTAT'ICA, from 'aipa, 'blood,'and
 aranxn, ' statics.' lacha'mia, Hamastalica, Ha-
 matostat'ics, Hamostat'ics, Ena'ma, (F.)Hematos-
 tatiques, Hemastatiques, Hemostatiques.  The doe-
 trine of the motion  of the blood in living bodies.
 Also, remedies for stopping blood.— Catastaltica
   H-EMATOS'TEOX,  from 'aipa, 'blood,'  and
 oarewv, ' a bone.' Effusion of blood into the bones
 or joints.
   H.EMATOSYMPHORESIS, Cono-estion
   IL.EMATOSYXAGOGE, Congestion
   ILEMATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia
   ILEMATO'TIS, Hama'tus, from 'aipa, 'blood '
 and ovs, gen. mros, ' the ear.'  Effusion of blood
 into the inner  ear.
  ILEMATOTHO'RAX,  Hamatho'rax, Hamo
 tho'rax, Hamop'tyais inter'na,  Pleurorrha-'a aan-
guin'ea, Pneumorrhag"ia inter'na, Hemorrhad'ic
 Pled nay, Pleural hem'orrhage, from 'aipa, 'blood,'
and Qwpnl   the chest'  Extravasation of blood
into the chest
  H.EMAT0X'YL0X  CAMPECHIA'NUM,
Aca cia Ziylon'ica, Logwood.  The part of  the
free, used in medicine, is the wood, Hamou,.,'di
Lignum, Lignum Campechedse,  L. Campechtd. 
HiE MAT URESIS
424
HAEMOPTYSIS
num, L. Campeaca'num, L. In'dicum, L. Sappan,
L. Brasilia'num  rubrum,  L. earu'leum, (F.) Bois
de Campeche.  Family, Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst.
Decandria Monogynia.  Logwood is almost ino-
dorous; of a sweetish, subastringent taste; and
deep red colour.  Its virtues are extracted both
by water and alcohol. It is astringent and tonic,
and is used in the protracted stage of diarrhoea
and dysentery.
  1LEMATURESIS, Hematuria.
  HAEMATU'RIA,   Hamature'sia,  from  'aipa,
'blood,' and ovpew, 'I make urine.'   Voiding of
blood by urine.  Hamorrhag"ia hamatu'ria,  H.
ex viris urina'riis, Hamure'sis, Hamu'ria, Mictio
cruen'ta, M.  Sanguin'ea, Mictus Cruen'tus seu
Sanguineus, Hamorrha'a via'rum urinaria'rum,
Sanguis in Uri'na, Bloody urine, (F.) Pissement
de Sang, Hematurie.   Hemorrhage from the mu-
cous membrane  of the urinary  passages.   Like
other hemorrhages,  it may be active  or passive.
It may proceed from the kidneys, bladder, or
urethra.  The essential symptoms are : — blood,
evacuated by the urethra; preceded by pain in
the region of the bladder or kidneys, and accom-
panied by faintness.   AVhencesoever it proceeds,
hasmaturia usually  takes place  by exhalation.
Rupture of vessels is  by no means common in the
mucous membranes.   Active  hamaturia requires
general or local blood-letting; diluent and cool-
ing drinks;  absolute  rest,  and  the  horizontal
posture.  The chronic kind is more troublesome.
It requires acidulated or aluminous  drinks; cha-
lybeates and tonics in general. AVhen hasmaturia
is excessive, cdld injections may be thrown into
the rectum or into  the vagina of women, and  to-
pical applications be  made to the perinasum.
  Hematuria Cystica, Cystorrhagia—h. Ejacu-
latoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia — h.  Seminalis,
Spermatocystidorrhagia—h. Stillatitia, Urethror-
rhagia,
  ILEMATUS, Hasmatotis.
  ILEMAXIS, Blood-letting.
  IPEMENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy.
  HAEMERYTHRUM, Hasmatin.
  HAEMIDROSIS, see Diapedesis.
  ILEAIISCHESIS,  Hsematischesis.
  HAEMFTIS, from  'aipa, 'blood,' and  itis, a
suffix denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of
the blood.   (F.) Hemite.  The  alteration  of the
blood  that occurs in inflammatory diseases. —
Piorry.
  HAEMO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism, (acute.)
  HAEMOCARDIORRHAG"IA, Apoplex'ia cor-
dis, Apoplexy of the  heart,  from 'aipa,  ' blood.'
xapbta. ' the heart,' and 'pnyvvpi, ' I break  forth.'
Effusion of blood into the substance of the heart.
  HAEMOCERCH'NOS.  This term has  received
two  acceptations, owing to the different  senses
in which xepx"os is employed; signifying, some-
times,  hissing;  at others, dry.   Consequently,
the  Hellenists have translated  the  compound
word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hissing
in the throat; at  others, by evacuation  of dry
matters.
   HAEMOCRYPHIA, Hasmatischesis.
   HAEMODES, Sanguine.
   HAEMO'DIA,  Hamodias'mus, Hemo'dia, He-
betu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from 'atpwiew, ('aipa,
' blood,' and ooovs, ' a tooth,')  ' I  have pain in  the
teeth.'  Pain in  the  teeth,—and more especially
Agacement, or the setting on  edge of those bodies
by acid or acerb substances.  It is also  called
 Odon'tia Stupo'ris, Odontal'gia hamo'dia, Dolor
den'tium d strido're,  Cataplex'is, Odontamblyog' -
mus, Odonthyperasthe'aia, Tooth-edge.
   HAEMODIASMUS, Hasmodia.
   HAEMOIDES, Sanguine.
   H.EMOPATHIA,  Hasmatonosus.
  HAEMOPERlCAR'DIUM, Pericardi'tia exsu-
dato'ria, from 'aipa, 'blood,'  and pericardium.
Effusion of blood into the pericardium.
  HAEMOPERITONAE'UM, from 'aipa, 'blood,'
and n-fpiToii/aioi', 'peritoneum.'  Effusion of blood
into the peritoneum.
  HAEMOPEX'IAE,  (G.)  Hamopexien, from
'aipa,  'blood,' and  rri;|i?, 'coagulation.' An order
of diseases in which there  is increased coagu-
lability of the blood.—Hyperino'sia san'guinis.—
Fuchs.
  HAEMOPHEUM, Hasmaphein.
  HAEMOPHILIA, Hasmatophilia,
  HAEMOPHOBIA, Hasmatophobia.
  HAEMOPHTHAL' MIA,  Hamatophthal'mia,
Hamatop'eia, from 'aipa,  'blood,' and  otpOalfps,
' eye.' Hamalo'pia, Hamalo'pie, Ha'malopa.  Ef-
fusion of blood into the eye.  AVhen the extrava-
sation is external, it is called H. exter'na, Hypos-
phag'ma and Hamalopa extemua; when internal,
Hamophthalmia inter'na, Hydrophthalmua cru-
en'tiia, Hypoch'yaia hamato'des,Hainatom'ma, and
Ha'nialops inter'nus.  A blood-shot eye.
  HAEMOPLANIA MENSTRUALIS, Menstru-
ation, vicarious.
  ILEMOPLETHORA, Plethora.
  HAEMOPROCTIA, Hasmorrhois.
  HAEMOPTOE,  Hasmoptysis —h. Laryngea et
Trachealis, Traeheorrhagia,
  ILEMOPTOSIS, Hasmoptysis.
  HAEMOP'TYSIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and*™,
'I spit'  Spitting of blood,  Hamorrhag"ia Ha-
mop'tysis, Hamap'tysis, Hamatoptys'ia, Hania-
top'tysis, Empt'tue, Emop'toe, Empto'iea pas'sio,
Hamoptys'mus,  Hamopto'sis, Sputum sang'uinis,
San'guinis fluor pulmo'num, Emopto'ica pas'sio,
Hamotis'mus, Hamorrhce'a pulmona'lis, Cruen'ta
exspui'tio, Hamorrhag"ia pulmo'nis, Paa'eio ha-
mopto'ica, Rejec'tio aang'uinia e pulmo'nibua, Ex-
pectordtio aang'uinia, Hamorrhag"ia Bron'chica,
Pneumorrhag" ia,Pneumonorrhag" ia,Pneumonor-
rhce'a, Bronchorrhag"ia,  Emp'tysis, Hamop'toe,
Sputum cruen'tum,  (F.) Hemoptysie,  Crachement
de sang,  Expectoration de  sang.  Hemorrhage
from the mucous membrane of the lungs; cha-
racterized by the expectoration of more or less
florid  and frothy blood.  It is generally preceded
by cough ; dyspnoea; sense  of heat in the chest,
Ac.  It is important  to  discriminate  between
hasmoptysis, produced by some accidental cause
acting irregularly  or periodically on the lungs;
and that which is, as it were, constitutional, and
dependent on some organic affection of the lungs,
or some faulty conformation of the chest  These
two varieties differ as much in their prognosis
and method of treatment, as in their causes. Con-
stitutional hasmoptysis is  a serious disease, almost
always announcing phthisis pulmonalis.  The ac-
cidental variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent
recurrence, or too great loss  of blood.
  The general cauaes of haemoptysis are the same
as those of other kinds of hemorrhage.   It has,
besides, particular cauaea; such  as too great ex-
ercise of the lungs; — loud speaking, playing on
wind  instruments,  breathing acrid vapours,  Ac.
It usually occurs  between puberty and the  age
of 35.   A sudden  and terrifjc kind of hasmoptysis
is sometimes met  with;  consisting  in  a great
afflux  of blood to the lungs.  This has been
called Pulmonary Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia pulmo-
na'lis, A. pulmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, Infare'tua
hamorrhag"icus pulmo'num, (F.) Apoplexie pul-
monaire, Hemoptyeie foudroyante, Hemorrhagic
interatitielle du Poumon.   Infiltration of blood
into the air-cells may occur without any hasmop-
tysis.
  Phyaical aigna.   Percussion may  not always
aid us  ji  hasmoptysis, but  generally a circum- 
HAEMOPTYSMUS
425
HEMORRHOIDAL
    scribed  dulncss will be perceived.  The inspira-
    tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent,
    locally; and is replaced by bronchial respiration
    and bronchophony.  A fine liquid crepitus is de-
    tected around  the affected part; and in the larger
    tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus
    is usually heard.  The value of these signs is de-
    termined by the nature of the expectoration.  The
    treatment of haemoptysis must be like that of in-
    ternal hemorrhage in general.
      Hemoptysis Interna, Hasmatothorax—h. La-
    ryngea  et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia—h. Phthi-
    sis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
      HAEMOPTYSMUS, Hasmoptysis.
      IPEMORMESIS, Hyperaemia.
      IPEMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
      HAEMORRHAGE, Hasmorrhagia.
      ILEAIORRIIA(r"IA, from 'aipa,  'blood,'and
    pnyvvpt, ' I break forth.'  San'guinis profiu'vium
    copio'sum, Seine/itifiux'us,  Hamatocllysis, Aimor-
    rhoe'a, Hamorrhce'a, Hamatorrhag"ia, Hamatis'-
    mus, Hamatorrhce'a, Hamator'rhysis, Hamorr'hy-
    sis, Profiu'vium seu Prorup'tio seu Eruptio san-
    guinis,  Profilsio Sang'tiinis, Hem'orrhage, Ha-
    morrhage,  Bleeding,  Loss of blood,  Rupturing,
    bursting, or breaking of a blood-vessel, (F.) He-
    morrhagic ou Hemorhagie, Perte de sang, Flux de
    sang.   Any discharge of  blood from vessels des-
    tined to contain  it;  with or without rupture of
    their coats.  Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or
    traumatic:  the first belong to the domain of me-
     dicine,  the latter to that of surgery.   They  may,
    also, be internal  or external;  general—as in
     scurvy—or Ideal. The hemorrhages by exhalation
    —those which chiefly interest  the  physician—
     have been classed,  by Pinel, as follows : — 1. He-
     morrhage of the  Mucous  Membranes;  Epistaxis,
     Hasmoptysis,  Hasmatemesis, Haemorrhoids, Has-
     maturia, Uterine  Hemorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhage
     of the Tissues; Cutaneous, Cellular,  Serous, Sy-
     novial.
       Hemorrhages have generally been distinguished
     into active and passive: in other words, into  those
     dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac-
     tions, and those  dependent  upon debility.   Ac-
     cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage
     is passive;  all are active, — that is, produced by
     increased action and excess of irritation of the
     blood-vessels: they may  occur with  debility, but
     not, from debility.  He calls those  only passive
     hemorrhages,  which  are  owing  to  an  external
     lesion  of the  vessels.  Hemorrhages have  been,
     by some, divided into constitutional, or those de-
     pending on original  conformation: — accidental,
     or those produced by some  adventitious cause;
     supplementary, or  those  which succeed  others;
     symptomatic, critical, Ac
       When hemorrhage takes place into any tissue,
,     or is interstitial, it receives the nanle, with many,
     of apoplexy.
       Active Hemorrhage, Hcmorrhag"ia acti'va, H.
     arterio'sa,  Cauma   hamorrhag" icum,  Angeior-
     rhag"ia, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho-
     ric  Good  living; the use of fermented  lijpior—
     excessive exercise,  or too sedentary a^life,  may
     perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes.   It is
     commonly preceded  by heaviness And pulsation
     in the part, — owing to  the afflux of blood and
     consequent hyperasmia, — and by coldness of the
     extremities.  The  blood, evacuated,  is generally
     of a, florid red.  In such  active hemorrhages, the
     great, indications of treatment will be,  to  dimi-
     nish plethora where it exists, and  to lessen the
     heart's action.  Bleeding, purgatives, and cold,
     will be the  chief agents.
       Passive Hemorrhage, Hamorrhag'ia passi'ra,
     H. Veno'sa, Profilsio, P. hamorrhag"ica. occurs
     in those of weak constitution; or who have been
debilitated  by protracted disease, poor diet, long
watching, excessive evacuations, Ac.
  The  direct causes may be: — previous  active
hemorrhage; scorbutus, or any thing capable of
inducing atony  or  asthenic  hyperasmia of the
small vessels.  These hemorrhages  are not pre-
ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de-
termination.   They are  usually accompanied by
paleness of the countenance ; feeble pulse ; faint-
ing,  Ac.  The indications of treatment will be :—
to restore the action of the small vessels and the
general tone of the system: hence the utility of
styptics  and cold externally;  and Of "tonics  and
astringents, creosote, mineral acids, Ac, inter-
nally.   Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical
hyperasmia, as when hasmoptysis is produced by
tubercles in the lungs;  hasmatemesis  by disease
of some of the solid viscera  of the abdomen, Ac.
   In Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those which are
the consequences of wounds of arterial or venous
trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour, and
issues  by jets and pulses, if it proceed from an
artery; whilst it is  of a deeper red, issues slowly
and  by a continuous flow, if from a vein.  If the
capillary vessels be alone divided, the blood is
merely effused at the surface of the wound.   Of
the means  used for arresting these traumatic he-
morrhages, some act mechanically as absorbents,
ligature, and compression; others chymically, as
fire, caustics, creosote, astringents, Ac.
   H^emorrhagia Activa Narium, Epistaxis--
h. Bronchica, Hasmoptysis—h. Cerebri, Apoplexy
—h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per Diasre-
sin, see Diaeresis—h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis—
h. Faucium,  Stomatorrhagia — h.  Gingivarum,
Ulorrhagia—h. Hasmatemesis, Hasmatemesis—h.
Hasmaturia,  Hasmaturia — h. Hasmoptysis, Has-
moptysis—h. Hepatica, Hepathasmorrhagia— h.
Hepatis, Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum, Has-
matochezia^—h. Mucosa, see  Hasmorrhois—h. Xa-
bothi,  see Parturition—h. Narinea,  Epistaxis—h.
Narium, Epistaxis—h.  Oris, Stomatorrhagia—h.
Penis, Stimatosis—h. Pulmonis, Hasmoptysis—h.
Renum, Nephrorrhagia—h.  Universalis, Purpura
hasmorrhagica — h. Uterina,  Metrorrhagia — h.
Ventriculi, Hasmatemesis — h. Aresicas, Cystorr-
hagia.
   HAEMORRHINIA, Epistaxis.
   HAEMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
   HAEMORRHffi'A, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and pew,
'I flow.'  Hamorrhag"ia, Loss of blood.   Some
writers  have proposed  to restrict  this name to
passive hemorrhages.
   H'emorrhoea  Petechialis, Purpura hasmor-
rhagica—h. Pulmonalis, Hasmoptysis--h. Uterina,
 Metrorrhagia — h.  A'asornm  hasmorrhoidalium,
Hasmorrhois — h. AVntriculi,  Hasmatemesis — h.
Alarum urinarium, Hematuria.
   HAEMORRHOI'DAL, Hemorrhoidal, Hamo)--
rho'ida'lis, Hamorrho'ideus.   Relating  to hemor-
rhoids ; as hemorrhoidal flux, hemorrhoidal tu-
mours, Ac
   Hemorrhoidal  Arteries  have been  distin-
guished into superior,  middle,  and inferior.  1.
The first is the termination of the inferior me-
 senteric artery, which assumes the name superior
 hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos-
 terior part of the rectum.   2. The middle hemor-
 rhoidal is  furnished by the hypogastric or inter-
nal  pudic.  It ramifies on the inferior  and ante-
rior part of the rectum.  3. The inferior hemor-
 rhoidal arteries are branches of the  internal
 pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum
 and £o the muscles of the anus.
   Hemorrhoidal Nerves. These  emanate from
 the  sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and cover
 the  rectum with their numerous filaments. 
HAEMORRnOIDALES
  Hemorrhoidal Veins follow the samo distri-
bution, and generally empty themselves into the
lesser mesenteric.   Some  of them assist in the
formation of the hypogastric vein.
  Hemorrhoidal  Vessels,  Vas,a seda'lia, are
those vessels which are distributed to the rectum
—the seat of hemorrhoids.
  HAEMORRHOIDALES NODI, Hasmorrhois.
  HAEMORRHOIDES,  see  Hasmorrhois — h.
Cascas, see Hasmorrhois — h. Fluentes, Hasmor-
rhois—h. Furentes, see Hasmorrhois — h. Maris-
cosos, Havnorrhois — h. non Fluentes, Hasmor-
rhois—h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia.
  HAEMOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rho'is, Asclepias'mus,
from 'aipa, 'blood,' and ptu, 'I flow.' Aimor'ro'is,
Proe'tica Maris'ca,  Maris'ca, Proctalgia Ha-
morrho'lda'lis, Morbus  Hamorrhoidalis,  Piles,
(F.) Ilcmorrho'ides.   The essential symptoms of
this affection are : — Livid and painful tubercles
or excrescences, (Hemorrhoid'al Tumours,) usu-
ally attended with a discharge of mucus or blood,
(Hemorrhoid'al flux, Proctorrhea'a, Hamoproc'tia,
Hamorrhoe'a vasorum  hamorrhoidd Hum,  (F.)
Hemaproctie.) The most common causes of piles
are a sedentary life;  accumulation  of fasces in
the rectum ; violent efforts at stool; pregnancy,
Ac  The precursory symptoms are: — pains in
the  loins; stupor of the  lower limbs; and un-
easiness  in the abdomen and rectum, with more
or less gastric, cerebral, and  indeed  general dis-
order ; — constituting the Diath'esis Hamorrhoi-
da'lis, Mains seu Turba  Hamorrhoidtllis,  and
Moll men Hamorrhoiddle, of most of the writers
of Continental Europe.  To these  symptoms fol-
low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful,
pulsating, and erectile  tumours, around the mar-
gin of the anus, or within the anus;  some pour-
ing  out  blood  occasionally.  After having  re-
mained,  for a time,  tense  and painful, they gra-
dually shrink and disappear. The chief symp-
toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when
much inflamed, are;—constant pain, liable, how-
ever, to  exacerbations, and obliging the  patient
to preserve the horizontal posture, and to become
augmented by the least pressure, or by the pas-
sage of the fasces.
  Ilasmorrhoids have generally been distinguished
into — Hamorrho'ides Fluen'tes seu  Marisco'sa,
Proe'tica Maris'ca  cruen'ta, Bleeding or Open
Piles; and into H. non fluen'tes, Proe'tica Ma-
ris'ca caca, Hamorrho'ides caca  seu furen'tes,
Hamorrhoiddles  nodi, Shut or blind piles. They
have, also, been  divided into internal or occult,
and external, according to their situation;  and
into accidental or constitutional.
  Hemorrhoidal Tumours axe extremely trouble-
some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence;
and  they are apt to induce fistula; otherwise,
they are  devoid of danger.  When anatomically
examined, they are  found not to consist in a va-
ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum; but
to be formed of a very close, spongy, texture;
similar to that which surrounds the orifice of the
vagina;  and to be erectile, like it. They are
surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no
internal cavity.  The treatment, in mild cases of
hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple.  Rest;  the ho-
rizontal  posture;  the  use of mild laxatives, as
sulphur,  castor oil, and emollient glysters,  will
be sufficient.  If they be much inflamed, leeches
may be  applied;  and  warm  cataplasms or cold
lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed,
with abstinence, and cooling drinks.  Afterwards,
an  ointment, composed of powdered galls, and
opium, may afford relief.  It is in  the relaxed
kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of
Ward's Paste, can  alone be expected to afford
HAEMOTELANGIOSIS
much benefit.   If, after repeated attacks, the tu-
mours remain  hard and painful,  and threaten
fistula, they may be removed.
  By Hemorrhoidal Flux, Pluxua  hamorrho'iilct-
lia,  Proctorrhag"ia, is meant  the hemorrhage
which takes place from the rectum, owing to he-
morrhoids.  It is a common affection.  The quan-
tity of blood discharged  is various: at times, it
is very trifling;  at  others,  sufficient to induce
great debility, and even death.   It is announced
and accompanied by the same symptoms, as pre-
cede  and attend hemorrhoidal  tumours. Like
other hemorrhages it may be active or passive ;
accidental  or  constitutional.  The  prognosis is
rarely unfavourable.  The^ affection may, almost
always, be relieved by properly adapted  means.
These resemble such as are necessary in  hemor-
rhages in general.   Perfect quietude, — mental
and corporeal, light diet, cooling drinks; bleeding
if the symptoms  indicate it; astringents, (if the
disease  be protracted and passive,) such as  the
Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi;  aspersions  of cold
water on the anus: astringent  injections; plug-
ging and compression. Such will be the principal
remedial agents.  AVhen the hemorrhage has be-
come habitual or is vicarious, some caution may
be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience
arise  from' a sudden suppression, its return may
be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm
water; aloetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup-
positories, Ac.; or leeches may  be  applied to the
anus.
  To the internal bleeding pile,  a soft, red, straw-
berry-like  elevation of the mucous membrane,
Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the name vascular
tumour.  For its removal he recommends the  ap-
plication of nitric  acid, so as to produce slough-
ing of its surface.
  Some authors have described  a species of Leu-
corrhce'a Andlis  or whitish discharge from  the
anus, which often attends ordinary hasmorrhoids,
This they have called Proctica maris'ca muco'sa,
Hamor'rho'is alba, Hamorrhag"ia muco'sa, Leu-
cor'rho'ia, Ac.   It requires no special mention,
  H^emorrhois ab Exania, Proctocele—h. Pro-
cedens, Proctocele.
  HAEMORRHOIS'CHE SIS, from 'aipoppois,
'hamorrhoia,' pew, 'I flow,' and ia%ew, 'I restrain.'
Reteil tio fluxus hamorrhoidd lis.  Suppression or
retention of the hemorrhoidal flux.
  HAEMORRHOPHE'SIS, Absorp'tio aang'uinia,
from  'aipa, 'blood,' and potpaw,  'I sip up.' Ab-
sorption of blood.
  HAEMORRHOPHILIA, Hasmatophilia.
  HAEMORRHOSCOPIA, Hasmatoscopia.
  HAEMORRIIYSIS, Hasmorrhagia.
  HAEMOSCHEOCELE, Hasmatoscheocele.
  HAEMOSCOPIA, Hsematoscopia.
  HAF1M0SPASIA, see Hasmospastic.
  HAEMOSPAS'TIC,  (F.) Hemoapaaique, from
'aipa, ' blood,'  and  <rirau>, ' I draw.'  An agent
which draws or attracts blood to a part; as a
cupping-glass.  The operation is termed Ilamns-
pa'aia,  (F.) Hemospasie.   It is generally applied
to a process by which the air is  exhausted over a
considerable surface, as over one or more of the
extremities, by an appropriate  pneumatic appa-
ratus.
  HAEMOSTA'SIA, Hamos'tasis, Epid'esia, San'-
guinis stagna'tio,  (F.) Hemostasie,  from 'aipa,
'blood,' and craats, 'stagnation.'   Stagnation of
blood.  This name has, also, been given to  any
operation, the object of which is  to arrest the flow
of blood.
  HAEMOSTATICS, Hasmatostatica.
  HAEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
IIAEMOTEXIA
427
HALMYRODES
   IIAEMOTEXIA, Hasmateclysis.
   11 AE M OT E XIS, Has matecly sis.
   H-EMOTHORAX, Hasmathorax.
   1PEMOTISMUS,  Hasmoptysis.
   HAEMOT'ROPHY, Ilamotroph'ia; from 'aipa,
  blood,' and rpotpn,  'nourishment'   Excess of
 sanguineous nourishment—Prout.
   IPE.MURIA, Hasmaturia.
   IPEM URESIS, Hasmaturia.
   HAEMVDOR, Serum of the blood.
   HAEREDITARIUS, Hereditary.
   HAESITATIO, Balbuties.
   IIAEVEA GUIAXENSIS,  see Caoutchouc.
   IIAGARD, Haggard.
   HAGE'XIA  ABYSSIN'ICA, Brayera  anthel-
 min'tica, Bank'sin Abyssin'ica.   An Abyssinian
 tree of the family Rosaceae ;  Sexual system, Ico-
 sandria Digynia, which  the natives plant round
 their habitations, as an ornament  The infusion
 or decoction of  its flowers is employed by them
 as  an anthelmintic, especially in  cases of tape-
 worm.   It  is called, there, Cusso or Koaso, and
 Htbbi.
   HAGGARD,  (F.) Hagard. The French use
 the  term Air  hagard,  (Eil  hagard, 'Haggard
 air,' 'Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in which
 there is at once an expression of madness and
 terror.
   HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica.
   HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum.
   HAIL, Chalaza.
   HAIR, Sax.  hasp, Crinea,  Pilua, Thrix, Pile,
 (F.) Poll.  A conical, corneous substance, the free
 portion or shaft,  acapiw, of which issues to a greater
 or less distance  from the skin, to the tissue of
 which it adheres by a bulb, Bulbua pili, seated in
 the areolar membrane,-"-where alone it is sensi-
 ble.  The hair receives various names in different
 parts — as Beard,  Cilia, Eyebrowa, Hair of the
 head (Capilli,) Ac.
  Hair, Falling off of the, Alopecia—h. Mat-
 ted, Plica—h. Muscular, Dracunculus—h. Plaited,
 Plica — h. Trichomatose, Plica — h. AVorm, Seta
 equina, see Ectozoa.
  HAIRY,  Pileous.
  HAL, Salt.
  HALA'TION, Haldtium;  diminutive of 'als,
 ' salt.'  A  pungent remedy,  with the ancients,
 which contained salts.
  HALCHEMPA.  The alchymists so called the
 art of fusing salts: from 'als, 'salt,' and %ew, 'I
 pour out.'—Libavius.
  HALCYON, Alcyon.
  IIALCYOXIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina.
  HALE, Ephelides.
  HALE IN E, Breath—h. Courte, Dyspnoea.
  IIALELAE'ON",  Halcla'um, from 'als,  'salt,'
 and  elatov, 'oil.'   Oleum  Sali mixtum.  A mix-
 ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the
 joints.—Galen.
  IIALETERATION, Alteration.
  HALF-CASTE, Half-Caat,  see Caste.  A term
 applied,  in  India, to the offspring of a Hindoo
 and a European. Since, extended to the offspring
 of mixed races.  The subjoined list from Tschudi's
 Travels in Peru. 1S.'>S — 1S4-2, shows tho parent-
 age of the  different varieties of half-casts, and
also the proper designations of the latter,  as ob-
served in South  America.
         Parents.               Children.
White father nml Negro Mother,  Mulatto.
VVhilf father and  Indian Mother,  Mestizo.
Indian lather ami N'.^ro Mother,  Chino.
White father ami Mulatto Mother, Cuartcron.
                             f Creole (only distin.
                             | guished  from  the
White Father and MestizaMother^ white by  a  pale
                             I brownish complex-
                             (.ion.)
White Father and China Mother,  Chino-blanco.
White  Father and  Cuarterona  I „  .
  Mother.......................j Quintero.
U'hite Father and Quintera Mo- l ,,,, .
  iher,..........................j ^h)te-
Negro Father and Mulatta Mother,Zamho-npgro.
Negro Father and Mcztiza Mother,Mulatto  oscuro.
Negro Father and China Mother,  Zambo chino.
Neero Father and Zamba Mother, I Za»'bo-iiepro  (per-
      _                      I fectly black.)
Negro Father and Cuarterona or ) Mulatto (rather
  Uuintera Mother..............j dark.)
Indian Father and Mulatta  Mo- i ,„, .
  Uler...........              j China-oscuro.
Mcstizo-claro (fre-
    Uy very beau-
t Mestiz
< quentl
( tiful.;
 Indian Father and Meztiza Mo
   ther...........................
 Indian Father and China Mother, " Chino-cholo.
 Indian Father and Zamba  Mo- \ „  .   ,
   in,,r ....................  j Zambo-claro.
 Indian Father with China-chola ( Indian (with rather
   Mother.......................j short frizzy hair.)
 Indian Father and Cuarterona or j Meztizo (rather
   Quinlera Mother,.............( brown.)
 Mulatto Father and Zamba  Mo- j Zambo  (a misera-
   ther......................j ble race)
 Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo-   Chino  (of rather
   'her........................./  clear complexion.)
 Mulatto Father and China Mother,Chino(ralherdark.)
   See Mulatto.
   HALICA, Alica.
   HALICACALUM, Physalis.
   HALICES, Pandiculation.
   HALIDRYS  VESICULOSA, Fucus  vesicu-
 losa.
   HALINA'TRUM,  Halinltrum, Halonltrttm;
 from 'als, 'salt,' and natrum or  natron.   A name
 given by the ancients to  subcarbonate  of soda,
 containing  a  little  subcarbonate of  ammonia,
 which is found, ready-formed, on the  plaster of
 damp walls, in places inhabited by man  or ani-
 mals.  Also, Potassas nitras.
   HALINITRUM, Halinatrum.
   HALIXUS. Saline.
   HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'sits, from  halitus, 'va-
 pour.' (F.) Halitueux.  The skin is said to be ha-
 litueuse, when  covered  with a  gentle  moisture.
 The vapour, exhaled in  all the cavities of the
 body, so long  as the blood is warm,  is  called
 Hal'itus.   The odorous  vapour, exhaled  by the
 blood itself whilst warm, is called Hal'itus San'-
 guinis.
   Halitus, Breath—h.  Oris  Fostidns, Breath,
 offensive—h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis.   See Ha-
 lituous.
   HALL,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.   The
 springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine.
   HALLUCINATIO  HYPOCHONDRIASIS,
 Hypochondriasis—h. A'ertigo, A'ertigo.
  \lALLVCIS A'TIO~N,Hiillucindtio,Halucind-
 tio, Falldcia, Illu'sio senstis, Socor'dia, Alu'sia
 Illu'sio, Allucindtio, Parordsis, Somnidtio  in
 statu vig"ili, Ido'lum, Waking dream, Phan'tasm,
 from allucinari,  'to err;' 'to  be deceived.'  A
 morbid error in one or more of  the senses.   Per-
 ception of objects, which do not  in fact exert any
 impression on the external senses.  Hallucination
 or delusion almost always, if not always, depends
 on disorder of the brain, but is  not an  index  of
insanity, unless the patient believes in the exist-
 ence of the subject of the hallucination.
   HALLUS, Pollex pedis.
  HALLUX, Pollex pedis.
  HALME, Muria.
  IIA L Al Y R 0' D E S, Salsugino'sus, Saisusig"i-
iions, from 'aA^it'pif, ('alpn, 'sea-water,' 'als, salt,')
'a salt liquor,' saltish.  An eoi'het given to any 
HALMYRUS
affection, in which the heat feels pungent  under
the finsrer of the physician.—Hippocrates.
  HALMYRUS, Saline.
  HALO, Areola.
  Halo  Signa'tus.  The impression made  by
the ciliary processes on the anterior surface 01" the
vitreous humour.  So called from  its consisting
of a circle of indentations.—Sir C. Bell.  Called
by  Haller, Stria ret'ina aubject'a  ligamen'to
rilia'ri.
  HALODERAE'UM, from 'als, 'salt,' and Sepaiov,
'a  collar,' (Sepn,  'neck.')  Colla'rium sail num.
A collar of salt applied to the neck, as in cases
of croup.
  HALOGENE, Chlorine.
  HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM, Potassas mu-
rias hyperoxygenatus.
  HALONIITIS, Induration of the cellular
tissue.
  HALONITRUM, Halinatrum.
  HALOPE'GAE, from 'als, 'alos,  'salt,' and
itnyn, 'a spring.'  Mineral waters whose chief in-
gredient is common salt—chloride of sodium.
  HALOS, Areola.
  HALOT'YLE, Cul cita sail na, from 'als, 'salt,'
and T1A17, ' a bolster.'  A bolster or pillow of salt
recommended in croup.
  HALS, 'als,' salt;' hence Halogene, Haloid, Ac.
  HALTE'RES.   Pieces of lead  held  in  the
hands by the ancients to assist them in leaping.
  HALUCTXATIO, Hallucination.
  HALYCODES, Saline.
  HALYCIS MEMBRANACEA, Bothriocepha-
lus latus—h. Solium, Tasnia solium.
  HAM,  Poples.
  HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i-
ca, Witch hazel,  Winter witch hazel, Snapjnng
Hazelnut,  Winter bloom.   The bark of this tree,
which is a native of the United States, is  some-
what bitter  and sensibly astringent;  but  it has
not been much  used.  A cataplasm of the inner
rind of the bark is said to have been found effica-
cious in painful inflammation of the eyes.
  HAMARTHRI'TIS,  Holarthri'tia,  Catholar-
thri'tis, Arthri'tia  universdlis,  from  'apa,   'at
once,' and apdptrts, 'gout' Gout in all the joints.
Universal gout.
  HAM'MA, Nodus, 'a tie.'  A  knot, used.for
retaining  bandages  on any part. — Hippocrates.
A truss.
  HAMPSTEAD, MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
These waters, situate in  the neighbourhood of
London, are a good chalybeate.
  HAMSTRING, To, see Hamstrings.
  HAMSTRINGS,  (F.) Jarretiera.   The strings
or tendons of the ham.
  The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo-
ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamstring ; and
the  semimembranosus,  semitendinosus, gracilis
and  sartorius,  whose  tendons form the inner
hamstring.
  ' To hamstring' means to cut the strings or ten-
dons of the ham.
  HAMULAR  PROCESS, see Hamulus.
  HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive of hamus, 'a hook.'
A hook  or crook:  Ancia'tron.  Also, any hook-
like process: as the hamulus or hamular proceaa
bf the pterygoid process.
  Hamulus Laminae Spiralis, see Lamina spi-
ralis.
  HAMUS,  see Hamulus.
  HAN CHE, Haunch.
  HAND, Manus.
  HANDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wriat-drop.
A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in-
duced by the action of lead.
   HANGERS,  Crusta genu equinas.
HARMONY
  nANGNAIL, (F.) Envie.  A  portion of epi-
dermis, detached so as to tear the integument in
the vicinity of the finger nails.
  HANNEBANE, Hyoscyamus.
  HAPANTIS'MUS,  Badly formed  from iraS,
or 'uwas, 'all.'   Oblitera'tioicomple'ta.   The mat-
ting or growing together of organic parts.
  HAPHE, 'atpn, 'feeling, touch.'  Hence:
  HAPHON'O^I,  Haphouu'ai,  from  'atpn,  'the
touch.'  Morbi ta^Jus.   Diseases of the sense of
touch.
  HAPLOACXF, Acne  simplex.
  HAPLOPATHI'A, horn 'a*los, 'simple,'and
xaBos, ' disease.'   Morbua simplex. A  simple  or
uncomplicated affection.
  HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex sec'tio, Incia'io sim-
plex, Opera'tio simplex,  from 'a7rAoj, 'simple,'and
ropn, 'incision.'  A simple incision.
  HAPSIS, Touch.
  HAPTODYSPHOR'IA,  Tactile dolorif'icua;
from 'atpn, ' touch,' and  ivatpopos,  ' difficult to  be
borne.'  Painful to the touch.
  HAPTOTTCA, Haptot'ice, from 'atpn, 'touch.'
The doctrine of the phenomena of touch.
  HARD, (G.) hart, Duma, Scleroe, (F.) Bur.
That which offers much  resistance.  In anatomy,
the hard parts are those which compose the os-
seous basis of the body;  in other words, the skele-
ton.  See Pulse, hard.
  HARD'S FARINACEOUS FOOD,  see Fari-
naceous.
  HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis.
  HARDHACK,  Spiraea tomentosa.
  HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus, Lagoa'toma, Lagan'-
tomiim, Lagen'tomum,  La'bium Leporlnum, Olo-
pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (F.)
Bee de  Lievre.  A fissure or perpendicular divi-
sion of one or both lips..  It  has been so called,
in consequence of the upper lip of the hare being
thus divided.  Hare-lip  is generally congenital;
at other times it is accidental, or produced  by a
wound, the edges of which have not been brought
into contact, and  have healed separately.  It is
simple, when there is but one division;  double,
when there are two; and complicated, when there
is, at the same time, a division or cleft of the su-
perior maxillary bone and of the palate—Cleft or
fis'sured palate, Wolf's jaw,  Rictus luplnus;  or
a projection of the teeth into the separation of the
lip.
   In the Hare-lip operation,  there are two indi-
cations  to  be fulfilled.   First, to pare, with the
knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and,  af-
terwards, to preserve  them in contact; in order
to cause adhesion.  This last object  is accom-
plished by means of pins,  passed through the
edges of the  division;   in other words, by the
twisted suture.   The projecting teeth must, of
course, be previously removed.   If there be sepa-
ration of the palate, it will become less and less
after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta-
phyloraphy may be performed upon it.
   Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum rotundifolium — h,
Eye, Lagophthalmia.
   HARGNE, Hernia—h. Anevrysmale, Cirsom-
phalus.
   HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris—h. Grand de
Perou, Jatropha curcas.
   HARMALIA, Aliment.
   HARMONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmos,  primarily
from apw,  ' I adjust' 'Anatomists have called Su-
ture  by Harmony  or simply  Harmony, False or
superficial suture, Sutu'ra oa'aium spu'ria, Com-
pa'ges oa'aium per lin'eam sim'plicem, an immov-
able articulation, in which  the  depressions and
eminences, presented  by the bony surfaces,  aro
but slightly marked; so that it might be pre-
42 
nARM us
429
HEART
Burned that the junction of the bones took place
by simple apposition  of their surfaces.   An in-
Btance of harmony occurs  in the union of the
superior iriiixillary bones with each other.
  HARM US, Articulation, Harmony.
  IIAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The  villages of  High and Low Harrowgate are
situate in the centre of the county of York, near
Knaresborough,  twenty  miles  from Yrork,  and
fifteen from  Leeds.   Here  are several valuable
sulphurous and chalybeate springs.  The sulphu-
reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chloride
of calcium,  chloride of magnesium, bicarbonate
of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu-
retted hydrogen,  and azote.   The  chalybeate
springs contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so-
dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo-
ride  of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy-
gen.  For the former, Harrowgate is celebrated
and  frequented.
  Harrowgate Salts,  Artificial,  are much
employed, and not unfrequently by those  who
drink the genuine water,  for the purpose of in-
creasing  its aperient power.   They may be made
as follows :—Sulph. Potaaa. cum Sulph. £vj ; Po-
tass, bitart. t^j ; Magnea. Sulph. in pulv. ^vj. M.
The usual dose is  a teaspoonful, in a small tum-
blerful of tepid water, early  in the morning.
  Harrowgate Water, Artificial,  may be
formed of common  aalt, 3jv;  water, Oiij; impreg-
nated with the gas from sulphuret of potass, and
sulphuric acid, aa ^iv.  The following form has
also been recommended.   R.  Sulphat.  Potass.
cum  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.) Zj;  Potass, bitart. £ss;
Magncs.  sulphat. £vj ; Aqua destillat. Oij.  One-
half to be taken for a dose.
  1IARTFELL,   MINERAL  AVATERS   OF.
Hartfcll  Spa is about five miles from Moffat, in
Scotland.  The  water is  a  chalybeate, and  is
much used.
  HARTSHORN,  Cervus,  Cornu cervi, Liquor
cornu cervi — h. Red, Spiritus lavandulas  com-
positus — h. and Oil, Linimentum ammonias car-
bon atis.
  HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium scolopendrium.
  HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor-
tuosum.
  HASCHICn, see Bangue.
  11ASTA,  Penis — h. Nuptialis, Penis — h. Vi-
rilis, Penis.
  HASTELLA, Splint.
  HASTINGS, CLIMATE  OF.  This place has
the  reputation of  being one of the mildest and
most sheltered winter residences on the south
coast of England. Owing  to its low  situation,
and the  height of the neighbouring cliffs,  it is
protected in a great  degree from all  northerly
winds ; and hence  is found a favourable residence
generally for invalids labouring under diseases
of the chest.
  HAS TULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus.
  HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua-
iaci ammoniata.
   HAUNCH, Coxa,Coxen'dix,oftheLatins; ayxv,
or itrj/tov, of the Greeks; Ancha, Tachion, Oaphya,
Hip, Cossa, (F.) Hanche. The region of the trunk
which is formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis
and the  hip-joint, including the soft parts.  In
women,  on account of the greater width of the
pelvis, the haunches  are more marked and pro-
minent than in men.
  IIAUSTEL'LATE, Hauatella'tus, from haurio,
hauatus,  ' I drink  up.'  An epithet for the struc-
ture of mouth, which is adapted for drinking  or
pumping up liquids.  Insects, which possess that
kind of mouth, are so named.  Ehrenberg refers
the  fancied spermatozoon to the haustellate en-
tozoa.
  nAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiitn'cula.  A Draught.
A  liquid medicine, which can  be taken  at a
draught.
  Haustus Niger, see  Infusum sennas compo-
situm.
  HAUT MAL, Epilepsy.
  HAVAN'A or IIAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF.
The  climate  of Cuba is often  selected for the
phthisical invalid during the winter months, and
so far as regards elevation and comparative equa-
bility of  temperature, it is more  favourable for
those of weak  lungs than that  of the United
States.  The  mean annual temperature is high
(78°), but the difference between the mean tem-
perature  of the warmest and coldest months is
twice as great as at Madeira.
  HAAV, BLACK, Viburnum prunifolium.
  HAAVKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
  HAWKWEED,  VEINY, Hieracium venosum.
  HAAVTHORN,  AVHITE, Mespilus oxyacan-
tha.
  HAY^, CAMEL'S, Juncus odoratus—h. Asthma,
Fever, Hay.
  HAYTRIFF, Galium aparine.
  HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata—h. Crot-
tles, Lichen pulmonarius—h. Nut, snapping, Ha-
mamelis A'irginiana—h. Nut tree,  Corylus avel-
lana—h.  AVitch, Hamamelis A'irginiana.
  HEAD, Sax. heapo6,  heapo, heaved; the past
participle of heaJTan, 'to heave up.'  Caput, Ce-
phale, Cy'be,  (F.) Tete.  The  head forms the
upper extremity of the body, and tops the  skele-
ton.   It consists of the  cranium  and face.  The
first, which comprises all the superior and  poste-
rior  part, has the encephalon in its cavity: the
latter forms only the anterior part, and serves as
the receptacle for the greater part of the organs
of the senses.
  Head, AVater in the, Hydrocephalus.
  Head  Ach,  Cephalosa,  Cephalalgia — h. Ach,
intermittent, Cephalalgia periodica—h. Ach, sick,
Cephalasa spasmodica.
  HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Capiteux.
That which  inebriates readily.   An epithet, ap-
plied to wines,  which possess this quality'.
  HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella
vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa.
  HEALIXG, Curative—h. Art, Medicine.
  HEALTH, Sanitas.
  HEALTHY, Salutary.
  HEARING,  HARDNESS OF, Deafness —h.
Perverse. Paracusis perversa.
  HEART, Sax. heopt, Germ. Herz, Cor, Cear,
Cer, Car'dia, xeap, xnp, xapSia, (F.)  Canr.  An
azygous' muscle,  of  an  irregularly  pyramidal
shape: situate  obliquely and a little to the left
side, in the chest;—resting on the diaphragm by
one  of its surfaces :—suspended by its base from
the  great vessels; free  and movable in the rest
of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium.
The right side  of  the body of the heart  is thin
and  sharp, and is  called Margo acu'tua: the left
is thick  and round,  and termed Margo obtu'sus.
It is hollow  within,  and contains  four cavities;
two  of yvhich. with thinner and less fleshy walls,
receive the blood from  the lungs and the rest of
the body, and pour it into two others, with thick
and very fleshy parietes, which  send  it  to "the
lungs and to every part of the body.  Of these
cavities,  the  former are  called auricles, the latter
ventricles.  The right auricle and right ventricle
form the Pulmonic or right or anterior heart, (F.)
 Ca'ttr  du poumon, C. du sang noir,  C. droit, C.
anterieur: and the left  auricle and ventricle, the
systemic, corporeal, left,  or aortic heart, (F.) Coeur
du corpa, C. gauche,  C. aortique ou C. rouge.  In
the  adult,  these are  totally distinct from each
other, being  separated by a partition; — the «<y> 
HEART
430
HEAT
turn  cordis.   Into the right auricle, the  venas
cavas,—superior and inferior,—and the coronary
vein, open.   The pulmonary artery arises from
the right ventricle;  the  four pulmonary  veins
open into the left auricle, and the aorta  arises
from the  left ventricle.
  The  mean weight of the heart, in the  adult,
from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, ac-
cording to Bouillaud,  from eight  to nine ounces.
The dimensions, according to Lobstein and Bouil-
laud, are as  follows : —  Length, from  base  to
apex, five inches six  lines;  breadth, at the base,
three inches; thickness of the walls  of  the left
ventricle, seven lines; at a finger's breadth  above
the apex, four lines; thickness of the yvalls  of the
right ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at  the
apex, half a line; thickness of right auricle, one
line; of  the left auricle, half a line.  The  heart
is  covered,  externally, by a very thin, membra-
nous reflection from the pericardium.   The mus-
cular structure of which it is constituted is  much
thicker in  the parietes of the ventricle than in
those of the auricles.   Its cavities are lined by a
very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which
is  continuous with the inner membrane of  the
arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that
of the veins, as regards the right.  Its arteries—
thecoronary—arise from the commencement of the
aorta.  Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the pneu-
mogastric and the cervical ganglions of the great
sympathetic.  The  heart  is the  great agent in
the circulation.   By its contraction, the  blood is
sent over every part of the body.  Its action does
not seem to be directly owing to nervous  influ-
ence received from the brain  or  spinal marrow,
or from  both.   The  circulation  may, indeed, be
kept up,  for some time, if both brain and spinal
marrow be destroyed.
  AVhen  the ear is applied to the chest, a dull,
lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous
with the arterial pulse.   This is instantly suc-
ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the
valve of  a bellows or the lapping of a dog, and
this is followed by a period of repose.  The first
sound appears to be mainly produced by the con-
traction of the ventricles; the second, by the re-
flux of the  blood against the semilunar valves.
These  are  what are  called the  Sounds of the
Heart.   Dr.  C.  J. B. AYilliams thinks that  the
word lubb-dup  conveys  a notion of  the two
sounds.  The Beating or Impulae of the  heart,
Heart-stroke, against  the parietes of the chest is
mainly caused,  perhaps,  by the  systole of  the
heart, which tends to  project it forwards.  It is
doubted,  however, by some, whether the impul-
sion be produced by  the  dilatation  or  the con-
traction of the ventricles.
  The  following table exhibits the different ac-
tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its
sounds and impulse. It presumes, that the period
from the  commencement of  one pulsation to that
of another is divided into  eight parts ; and if the
case of a person, whose pulse beats sixty times
in a minute, be taken, each of these  parts will
represent the eighth of a second.

             Eighths of a Second.
Last part of the pause,.. .1. .Auricles contracting;
                             ventricles distend-
                             ed.
First sound and impulse,. 4. .Ventricles contract-
                             ing; auricles dilat-
                             ing.
Second sound,.........2. .\rentricles  dilating;
                             auricles dilating.
Pause,................1. .Ventricles  dilating;
                             auricles distended.
   The heart is subject to  different organic dis-
eases;  the chief of which are  aneurism, contrac-
tion of the apertures, and rupture of its parietes.
  Heart, Atrophy  of the, Atroph'ia  seu Ari-
du'ra  Cordis,  Phthisis  Cordis, Cardiatroph'ia,
Acardiotroph'ia.  A condition of the organ  in
which there is diminution in the thickness of the
parietes of the whole organ.
  Heart, Beating of the, see Heart — h. Dila-
tation of the, see  Aneurism—h. Displacement  of
the, Ectopia Cordis — h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis.
  Heart, Hypertrophy of the, Hypertroph'ia
Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypersarco'sis Cordis, Hy-
perCard iotroph'ia, Cardiaux'e, Aneurys'ma cor-
dis acti'vum (Corvisart),  Cor borlnum,  (F.) Hy-
pertrophic du Coeur.   Supernutrition of the mus-
cular parietes of the heart, which are thicker than
usual;  the cavities  being generally diminished.
The physical signs which indicate it are the fol-
lowing. In cases of long standing, the prascordial
region is generally prominent;  the  pulsations of
the heart are visible  over a greater extent than
natural;  and a marked vibration  is communi-
cated to  the hand when placed  on the cardiac
region.   The dull sound on percussion is more
extensive than  natural;  and on  auscultation
there is  a permanent  increase of the force and
extent of the heart's  action ; there is no increase,
however, of frequency, and the rhythm is regular.
The pulse is generally strong, full, and hard.
  Heart, Hypertrophy  with Dilatation of
the, Active an'eurism, Eccen'tric hy'pertrophy.
In this affection, the pulsations can be seen and
felt over  a larger space, and the apex is more to
the left and lower down than natural.  The im-
pulse is  less steady, but at times  more violent
than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy.
Percussion gives more distinct evidence of the en-
largement, the sound being more extensively dull.
On auscultation, the impulse is often violent, but
irregular : in extreme  cases, it produces the sen-
sation of a large mass of flesh rolling or revolving
beneath  the ear.   The pulse is strong,  full, and
vibratory.  The shock of the  heart's action  is
often transmitted to the whole person, and to the
bed on which the patient is lying.
  Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy of the, Car-
diarctie,  is when the parietes augment at the ex-
pense of  the cavities.
  Heart, Impulse  of the, see Heart—h. Xeu-
ralgia of  the, Angina. Pectoris—h. Rupture of the,
Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart—h.
Stroke, see Heart
  HEART'S EASE, Viola tricolor.
  HEARTS, LYMPH,  Lymphatic hearts —h.
Lymphatic,  Lymphatic hearts.
  HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia.
  HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album.
  HEAT, past participle of Sax. hastan,  'to make
warm.'   Color,  Therma, Scppi).  (F.)  Chaleur.
The  material  cause, which produces  the sensa-
tion—or  the particular sensation itself—produced
by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or-
gans, especially on the organs of touch.  Modern
chymists have given  the name  Calo'ric  to the
principle, whatever may be its nature,  which is
the cause of heat.   AVhen we touch a body of a
temperatnre superior  to  our own,  a portion  of
caloric passes  from  the body to the hand, and
produces the sensation of heat.  If, on the con-
trary, we touch a body of a temperature inferior
to our own, we  communicate a portion of our
caloric to it, and experience the sensation of cold.
Our own sensations are but imperfect indexes of
temperature.  Two men  meeting at  the  middle
of a mountain,—the one ascending, the  other de-
scending,— will  experience different sensations.
The one asconding, passes from a warmer to a 
HEAT
431
HEAT
colder atmosphere; — the one descending from a I
colder to a warmer.
  The chief instrument for measuring heat, used I
in medicine, is  the  thermometer.   Of this  there |
Fah.	Reau.	Centig.	Fah.	Reau.	Centig
0	0	o	0	o	0
212a	80.00	100.00	148	51.55	64.44
211	7 9.;", 5	99.44	147	61.11	63.88
2106	79.11	98.88	146	50.66	63.33
209	7S.O0	98.33	145	50.22	62.77
2i IS	7 s.22	97.77	144	49.77	62.22
2117	77.77	97.22	143	49.33	61.66
2mi	77.33	96.66	142c,	48.88	61.11
2U")	70.SS	96.11	141	48.41	60.55
204	70.44	95.55	140	48.00	60.00
2lKi	7o.uu	95.00	139	47.55	59.44
202	75.55	94.44	138	47.11	58.88
201	75.11	93.88	137	46.66	58.33
200	74.00	93.33	136	46.22	57.77
19!)	74.22	92.77	135	45.77	57.22
198	73.77	92.22	134	45.33	56.66
197	73.33	91.66	133/i	44.84	56.11
l'Jtic	72.SS	91.11	132	44.45	55.55
195	72.44	90.55	131	44.00	55.00
194	72.00	90.00	130	43.55	54.44
193	71.55	89.44	129	43.11	53.88
192	71.11	88.88	128	42.66	53.33
191	70.06	88.33	127	42.22	52.77
190	70.22	87.77	126	41.77	52.22
189	69.77	87.22	125	41.33	51.66
IKS	69.33	86.66	124	40.88	51.11
1ST	68.88	86.11	123	40.44	50.55
ISO	68.44	85.55	122	40.00	50.00
185	68.00	85.00	121	39.55	49.44
1S4	67.55	84.44	120	39.11	48.88
183	67.11	83.88	119	38.66	48.33
182	66.66	83.33	118	38.22	47.77
181	66.22	82.77	117	37.77	47.22
ISO	65.77	S2.22	116	37.33	46.60
179	65.33	81.00	115	36.88	46.11
178iZ	64.88	81.11	114	36.44	45.55
177	64.44	80.55	113	36.00	45.00
170	64.00	80.00	112	35.55	44.44
175	63.55	79.44	111	35.11	43.88
174e	63.11	78.SS	110£	34.66	43.33
173	62.66	78.33	109	34.22	42.77
172	62.22	77.77	108	33.77	42.22
171	61.77	77.22	107	33.33	41.60
170	61.33	76.66	106;	32.88	41.11
109	60.8S	76.11	105	32.44	40.55
108	60.44	75.55	104fc	32.00	40.00
lev/	60.00	75.00	103	31.55	39.44
106	59.55	74.44	102J	31.11	38.S8
105	59.11	73.88	101	30.66	38.33
-•104	58.66	73.33	10OTO	30.22	37.77
103	58.22	72.77	99	29.77	37.22
102	57.77	72.22	98n	29.33	36.66
101	57.33	71.66	97	28.88	36.11
100,	56.88	71.11	96	28.44	35.55
159	56.44	70.55	95	28.00	35.00
158	56.00	70.00	94	27.55	34.44
157	55.55	69.44	93	27.11	33.8S
156	55.11	68.88	92	26.66	33.33
155	54.66	68.33	91	26.22	32.77
154	54.22	67.77	90	25.77	32.22
153	53.77	67.22	89	25.33	3L66
152	53.33	66.06	88	24.8S	31.11
151	52.88	66.11	S7	24.44	30.55
150	52.44	65.55	86	24.00	30.00
149	52.00	65.00			
   To reduce Centigrade  degrees to those of Fah-
renheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add  32:
thus, 40° Ceiif. X 9 -~ 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr.   To
reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade,
Bubtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9 : thus,
I are three kinds:-—that of  Fahrenheit, that of
| Reaumur, and that of Celsius or the Centiqrade.
 The following Table exhibits the correspondence
| of these different thermometric scales.
Fah.	Reau.	Centig.	Fah.	Reau.	Centig.
0	o	0	o	0	o
85	23.55	29.44	22	— 4.44	— 5.55
84	23.11	28.88	21	— 4.8S	— 6.11
83	22.06	28.33	20m	— 5.33	— 6.66
82	22.22	27.77	19	— 5.77	— 7.22
81o	21.77	27.22	18	— 6.22	— 7.77
80	21.33	26.66	17	— 6.66	— 8.33
79	20.88	26.11	16	— 7.11	— 8.88
78	20.44	25.55	15	— 7.55	— 9.44
77	20.00	25.00	14	— 8.00	—10.00
76p	19.55	24.44	13	— 8.44	—10.55
75	19.11	23.88	12	—' 8.S8	—11.11
74	18.66	23.33	11	— 9.33	—11.66
73	18.22	22.77	10	— 9.77	—12.22
72	17.77	22.22	9	—10.22	—12.77
71	17.33	21.66	8	—10.66	—13.33
70	16.88	21.11 >	7n	—11.11	—13.88
69	16.44	20.55	6	—11.55	—14.44
68	16.00	20.00	5	—12.00	—15.00
67	15.55	19.44	4	—12.44	—15.55
66	15.11	18.SS	3	—12.88	—10.11
65	14.66	18.33	2	—13.33	—16.66
64	14.22	17.77	1	—13.77	—17.22
63	13.77	17.22	0	—14.22	—17.77
62	13.33	10.00	— 1	—14.66	—18.33
61	12.88	10.11	— 2w	—15.11	—18.88
60	12.44	15.55	— 3	—15.55	—10.44
59	12.00	15.00	— 4	—10.00	—20.00
58	11.55	14.41	— 5	—10.44	—20.55
57	11.11	13.88	— 6	—16.88	—21.11
56	10.66	13.33	— 1x	—17.33	—21.66
55	10.22	12.77	— 8	—17.77	__22.22
54	9.77	12.22	— 9	—1S.22	—22/77
53	9.33	11.66	—10	—18.66	—23.33
52	8.88	11.11	—l\y	—19.11	—23.88
51	8.44	10.55	—12	—19.55	—24.44
50?	8.00	10.00	—13	—20.00	—25.00
49	7.55	9.44	—14	—20.44	—25.55
48	7.11	8.88	—15	—20.88	—20/11
47	6.66	8.33	—16	—21.33	—20.06
46	6.22	7.77	—17	—21.77	—27.22
45	5.77	7.22	—18	—22.22	—27.77
44	5.33	6.66	—19	—22.66	—28.33
43	4.88	6.11	—20	—23.11	—28.88
42	4.44	5.55	—21	—23.55	—29.44
41	4.00	5.00	—22	—24.00	—30.00
40	3.55	4.44	—23	—24.44	—30.55
39	3.11	3.88	—24	—2 t.SS	—31.11
38	2.66	3.33	—2"i	—25.33	—31.69
37	2.22	2.77	—26	—25.77	—32.22
36	1.77	2.22	—27	—26.22	—32.77
35	1.33	1.66	—28	—20.00	—33.33
34	0.88	1.11	—29	—27.11	—33.88
33	0.44	0.55	—30	—27.55	—34.44
32r	0.00	0.00	—31	—2S.S4	—35.00
31	—0.44	—0.55	—32	—28.00	—35.55
30s	—0.88	—1.61	—33	—2S>8	—36.18
29	—1.33	—1.66	—34	—20.33	—36.66
28<	—1.77	__2 22	—35	—20.77	—37.22
27	—2.22	—277	—36	—",0.22	__37.77
26	—2.66	—3.33	—37	—30.06	—3s'.23
25	—3.11	—3.88	—38	—31.11	—38.88
24	—3.55	—4.44	—39z	—31.55	—30.44
23	—4.00	—5.00	-40	—32.00	—40.00
                     s Milk freezes.
                     t A'inegar freezes.
                     u Strong wine freezes.
                     i' A mixture of one part of alcohol
                    and three of water freezes.
                     w Cold at the battle of Ejiau.1807.
                     x A mixture of equal parts of al-
                    cohol and water freezes.
                     y A mixture of two parts of alco-
                    hol and one of water freezes.
                     z Melting point of quicksilver.

   104° Fahr. — 32 X 5 — 9 = 40°  Cent.   To re-
:   duce Reaumur's  degrees to those of Fahrenheit.
i   multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32 : thus, 32°
,   Reaum. X 9 -f- 4 + 32 = 104° Fahr.   To reduce
,   Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Reaumur, subtract
  a Water boils (Barom. 30 inches.)
  b Heat of a stove, borne by Dr. So-
landcr.
  c Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi-
nutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr.
inlander.
  d Water simmers.
  e Alcohol boils.
 f Very  pure ether distils.
  a V.ees' wax niells.
  )i Spermaceti melts.
  i Temperature  at  which liquids
are often drunk.
 j Heat observed in Scarlatina.
  A- Temperature of the common hen.
  I Temperature of arterial blood. [?]
  m Temperature of venous blood.
Phosphorus melts.
  n Kther boils, o Nitric ether boils.
 p Muriatic ether boils.
  q Medium temperature  of the
globe.           r Ice melts. 
HEATH                 43
32,  multiply by 4, and divide by 9: thus, 104°
Fahr. — 32 X 4 -J- 9 = 32 Reaum.   To  reduce
Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade, multi-
ply by  5, and  divide by 4: thus  32° Reaum.
X 5 -t- 4 = 40°  Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen-
tigrade deqreea  to those of Reaumur, multiply by
4, and divide by 5 : thus, 40° Cent. X 4 -f- 5 = 32°
Rea um.
  The human body can  bear a high  degree of
heat diffused in the atmosphere.  There are cases
on  record, where  air of  400° and  upwards, of
Fahrenheit's  scale, has been breathed with im-
punity for a short time.   It  can likewise with-
stand very severe  cold.   In the expedition of
Capt Back to the Arctic  regions, the thermome-
ter was as low as —70° of Fahr.   Excessive heat
disposes the  body to gastric and intestinal dis-
eases, and particularly to inflammation and en-
largement of the liver; hence, the  frequency of
such  affections within the torrid zone.  Heat is
often used therapeutically : the actual cautery, at
a white heat, disorganizes the parts to which it
is applied: a lesser degree occasions violent in-
flammation. Heat higher than that of the human
body is excitant;  of a  lower degree, sedative.
Excessive cold  acts  as a powerful sedative — in-
ducing  sleep, the  tendency to which, after long
exposure, becomes irresistible. See  Cold.  Many
of the topical applications — as cataplasms — act
wholly by virtue of their warmth and moisture.
  Heat, Ardor vene'reua,  Pruritus, (F.) Cha-
leur dea Animaux, Rut,  is  the  periodical  sex-
ual  desire experienced by animals, — QLatrud-
tion.  It is supposed by  some to be owing to the
periodical maturation  and discharge of ova, —
Ovuldtion.
  Heat, Acrid, see Acrid — h. Animal, see Ani-
mal Heat.
  Heat, Inter'nal, (F.)  Chdleur  interne, is a
sensation of heat felt by the patient, but not sen-
sible to the touch.   External heat,  (F.) Chaleur
exterieure, that which can  be  felt by others.
Heat, Ardor, is called moist, (F.) haliteilse, when
accompanied with moisture,  like that  felt after
bathing; dry, (F.) seche, when the skin has not
its ordinary softness.  It is called acrid and pun-
gent,  (F.) acre  et mordicante, when  it conveys a
disagreeable tingling to the fingers.  The French
employ the terms  nervous heat and  errat'ic heat,
Chaleur nerveuse and Chaleur erratique, for that
which comes by flushes, alternating with chills,
and which moves  rapidly from one part to ano-
ther.  M. Double has used the term septic heat,
(F.) Chaleur septique, for that which produces a
pungent sensation  on the hand, similar  to that
of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform,
and which is accompanied with feebleness and
frequency of pulse, &c.
  Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus.
  HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris.
  HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia.
  IIEAATXESS, Somnolency.
  HEAVING,  A'omiturition.
  HEAVY,  Gravis, (F.)  Gravatif, from  Sax.
heapan,  'to  heave.'  An epithet given  to any
pain which consists in a sensation of  weight or
heaviness, or is accompanied by  such sensation.
  HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
  HEBDOMADARIA, Octana.
  HEBE,  'nftn,  Juven'ta,  Juven'tas,  Juven'tus,
Hora    In antiquity, the goddess of puberty.
The word  has been employed  to  designate, 1.
The first hair that grows on the pubes, 2. The
pubic reirion, and  3. Puberty.
  HEBETES, Adolescens.
  HEBETOR,  Adolescens.
  HEBETUDO  ANIMI, Imbecility — h. Den-
tium, Haeinodia—h. Visus, Amblyopia, Caligo.
2                 IIEDERA

  HEBRADEXDRON  CAMP.OOIOIDES,  see
 Cambogia.
  HEBREWS, MED'ICINE  OF  THE.  Medi-
 cine seems to  have been at a very low ebb with
 the  ancient Hebrews.  Of anatomy  they  knew
 nothing.   Their  physiology was imperfect and
 filled with superstitions;  and their therapeutics
 unsatisfactory.  Hygiene  appears  to have been
 most attended to.  Of the other departments of
 medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge.
  HECATOMA PALUSTRIS,  Ranunculus sce-
 leratus.
  HECATOMPHYLLUM, Rosa centifolia.
  HEC'TEUS, 'exrevs.  A Greek  measure, con-
 taining about  72  chopines or pints.
  HECTIC FEVER, Febris hec'tica, Hccticop'-
 yra, Hecticopyr'etos, Hec'tica, Amphimcr'ina hec'-
 tica, Febris phthie' ica, Syntecop'yra, Syntectivop'-
 yra, Febria maraamo'dea, Murasmop'yra, Febria
 tab'ido, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etua hec'tica, Febris
 lenta, F. amphimer'ina hec'tica, Febria amuto'ria,
 Chloro'aia amuto'ria, (F.)  Fievre  Heclique, F.
 Etique, from  'tits, 'habit  of body;'  because in
 this disease every part of the body is emaciated;
 or,  perhaps, from exrnxw, ' I consume,' ' I am ex-
 hausted.'   The name of a slow, continued, or re-
 mittent fever, which generally accompanies the
 end of organic affections, and has  been  esteemed
 idiopathic, although it is probably always symp-
 tomatic.  It is the fever of irritation and  debi-
 lity ; and is characterized by progressive  ema-
 ciation, frequent  pulse, hot skin, — especially of
 the palms of the  hands and soles  of the feet,—
 and,  towards  the  end, colliquative sweats and
 diarrhoea.  Being symptomatic, it can only be
 removed by getting rid of the original  affection.
 This is generally difficult and almost hopeless in
 the  disease, which it most commonly accompa-
 nies,—consumption.
  HECTICA, Hectic Fever—h. Infantilis, Fever,
 infantile remittent.
  HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever.
  HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever.
  HEC'TISIS, (F.)Etiaie.  Same etymon.  The
 state of those  who have hectic fever.
  HECTOGRAMME, Heciogram'ma, from <exa-
 rov, 'a hundred,'  and ypappa.  A measure of 100
 grammes, i. e. 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains,
 Troy.
  HECTOLITRE.  A measure containing 100
 litres or 26.42 wine pints.
  HECUSIUS, Voluntary.
  HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ma pulegioVdes, Cunila
 pulegio'i'dea,  Melia'aa pulegio'idea, Pennyroyal,
 Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Sqnaumint.  Sex. Syat.
 Diandria  Monogynia; Nat. Ord.  Labiatae.  An
 indigenous  plant, common in all parts of the
 United States, and which, where it is abundant,
 perfumes  the air  for a considerable distance.  It
 is employed in the same cases as the mints and
 the English pennyroyal.  In popular practice it
 is used as an emmenagogue.
   The O'leum Hedeo'ma (Ph. U.  S.) or Oil of
 Pennyroyal is used as a stimulating carminative,
 dropped on sugar.  Dose, 2 to 6 drops.
   IIEDERA  ARBOREA, H. Helix.
   Hed'era Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, Bae'chica,
 Ciaso8, xioaos, Cittoa, xtrros, Ed'era, Corymbe'tra,
 Corym'boa,  Ivy,  (F.) Lierre.   The  taste of ivy
 leaves is bitter, styptic, and nauseous.   They are
 not used in medicine.  According to Haller, they
 were recommended in Germany against the atro-
 phy of children;  and the common  people of Eng-
 land sometimes apply them to running  sores and
 to keep issues open.  The berriea were supposed,
 by the ancients, to have an emetic and purgative
 quality;  and  a watery extract  was  made from 
HEDERULA               433            HELLEBORISMUS
them, called by Quercetanus Extractum purgans.
From the stalk of the  tree a resinous juice ex-
udes, in warm climates, called Gummi Hed'era,
(F.) Gamine  de lierre, Resine de lierre.  It  is
po^so-sed of tonic and astringent properties, but
is not used.
   Hkiirua. Terrestris, Glechoma hederacea.
   HEDERULA.  Glechoma hederacea.
   HEDISARUM  ALHAGI, Agul.
   HEDRA, 'ehpa, 'eopn, 'a vestige,' 'a seat'   A
seat.   A fracture of the bones of the cranium,  in
which the trace of the fracturing instrument  is
still perceptible.   It was, also, used by the an-
cients,  for the  anus,  the breech, excrement, a
privy, a  night-chair, and for the bottom of an
abscess.
   IIEDROCELE, Proctocele.
   HEDYCIPROUM,from 'novs, 'sweet,' and xpoa,
'colour.'  A remedy of a pleasant colour.  Applied
to certain trochs, the chief constituent of which
was Theriac.
   HEDA'PHO'XTA, from 'i7<5uf, 'sweet,' and tpwvn,
'voice.'   Sweetness  of voice.
   HEDYI'XEUS'TUS, Hedyp'nous, from 'nim
' sweet,' and nvew, ' I breathe.'  Breathing sweet
ly or softly.  Smelling sweetly.
   HEDYPNOIS  TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta
raxacum.
   HEDYSARUAI ALHAGI, Agul.
   IIEDYSMA, Condiment
   HEEL, see Calcaneum.
   HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis.
   HELCO'DES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous.
   IIELCOL'OGY, Helcolog"ia;  from  'elxos, 'ul-
cer,' ami loyos, ' discourse.'  The doctrine of, or
a treatise on,  ulcers.
   HELCOMA,  Ulcer.
   HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmia ulcero'sa.
Ophthalmia with ulceration.
   HEL'COS,  from 'elxos, 'an ulcer.'  Hence:
   HELCOSIS,  Elcosis, Ulceration — h. Cerebri,
Encephalopyosis—h. Lar3rngis, Phthisis laryngea
—h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis — h. Rena-
lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri, see Metrophthisis —
h. Vesicie, Cystophthisis.
   HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA; from 'elxos,'ulcer,'
and araipvlwpa, ' staphyloma.'  Staphyloma end-
ing in ulceration.
   HEECOXERO'SIS,  from 'elxos, 'ulcer,' and
tnpwois, ' dryness.'  The drying of an ulcer.
   HELCTICA. Epispastics.
   HELCUS, Ulcer.
   HELCYD'RION,  Helcyd'rium, 'elxvhpiov,  Ul-
cus'culitm, a small ulcer, a superficial  ulceration
of the cornea.—Galen, Paulus, Foesius.
   HELCYS'TER,  from  'tAicui,  'I  draw.'   An
iron  hook or crotchet  for extracting the foetus.
See Crotchet.
   HELENIUM, Inula  helenium.
   Hklen'ium Autumna'lk,  False Sunflower,
Sneezcwort, Sneezeweed, Swamp  Sunflower, Yel-
low star,  Ox-eye.   An indigenous  herb, with
large  golden-yellow  compound  flowers,  which
appear in August.  All its parts are  bitter and
somewhat acrid, and when snuffed up the nos-
trils in powder are powerful sternutatories.
  HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SE, Cistus
Canadensis,  Frost wort,  Frostweed,  Rock-rose.
An herbaceous plant, having large yellow flow-
ers, which grows in all parts of the United States,
and flowers, in  the Middle States, in June.   It
has an astringent, slightly aromatic, and bitterish
taste.   It has been  prescribed in scrofula,  but
probably is nothing more than an aromatic tonic.
  Hklian'themum Corymbo'sum, Rock rose, an
indigenous plant,  is used in the same cases.
      28
   HELIASIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation.
   HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM,  Caffer-
 tea. • A South African plant,  Nat. Ord. Compo-
 sitae, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in-
 fusion, is recommended in  catarrh, phthisis, and
 other pulmonary affections.
   Helichrysum Skrpyllifo'litjm,   Hottentot's
 tea, and Helichrysum Aueicula'tum have simi-
 lar virtues.
   HELICIA, Age.
   HEL'ICINE,  Helic"inus, HelicoVdes, Helico'-
 des,  from helix, 'the  tendril of the  vine.'  Re-
 sembling the tendril of the vine.
   Helicine Arteries of the penis, as described
 by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the
 larger branches, as  well as from the finest twigs
 of the artery of  the organ : most of those come
 off at a right angle, and project into  the  cavity
 of the spongy substance, either  terminating ab-
 ruptly or swelling  out into a club-like process
 without  again subdividing.   Almost all these
 vessels  are bent like a horn, so that the end de-
 scribes half a circle or somewhat more.  They
 have a  great resemblance to the tendrils  of the
 vine, whence their  name.   A minute examina-
 tion  of them, either with the lens  or  the micro-
 scope, shows that,   although  they at all times
 project  into the venous cavities of the corpora
 cavernosa, they  are not entirely naked, but are
 covered with a delicate membrane, which, under
 the microscope, appears granular.
   HEL'ICIS  MAJOR.  A muscle of the  ear,
 which originates from the anterior, acute part of
 the helix, upon which  it ascends and is inserted
 into  the helix.   It pulls the part into which it is
 inserted a little downwards and forwards.
   Helicis  Minor.   This muscle originates from
 the under  and fore part of the helix,, and  is in-
 serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti-
 lage, opposite the concha.  Its use is to contract
 the fissure.
   HELICOIDES, Helicine.
   HELICOTRE'MA, from 'tXif,  'helix, cochlea,'
 and rpnpa, 'a foramen.' The hole by  which tbe
 two scalae of the cochlea communicate at the apex.
   HELIGMUS,  Convolution.
   HELIKIA, Age.
   HELIONOSIS, Insolation.
   HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus. Insolation.
   HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europieum.
.  HELIOTROPION, Cichorium intvbus.
   IIELIOTRO'PIUM  EUROPIUM, H. erec-
 tum  seu  canes'cens   seu  supi'nnm,  Verrucdria,
 The  He'liotrope, (F.) Toumcsol, Herbe aux ver-
mes.  This plant is considered to possess aperient
properties ; and to be capable of destroying cuta-
neous excrescences; hence one of its names.
   HFjLIX, Capre'olus, from etleiv, ' to envelop,'
 'surround.'  The fold is thus called, which forms
the outer circumference or ring of the external ear.
   Helix, Limax.
   Helix Poma'tia.   A large kind of snail,  trans-
ported from the south of Europe to England  by
 Sir Kenelm Digby, for his lady when in  a de-
 cline.  It was considered highly  restorative.
   IIELLEBORASTER, Helleborus fcetidus — h.
fcetidus, Helleborus  fcetidus.
   HELLEBORE, Dracontium fcetidum—h. Ame-
rican, A'eratruni viride—h. Black, Helleborusniger
—h. Blanc, Areratrum album—h. Noir, Helleborus
niger—h. Stinking,Helleborus foe tidns—h. Swamp,
 Areratrum viride—h. AVhite, Veratrum album.
   HELLEBORIS'MUS, Elleboris'mus. The me
tbod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, by
hellebore.  This  comprised not only the choice,
preparation, and administration of the medicine,
 but, likewise, the knowledge and employment of 
HELLEBORUS
434
IIEMICRANIA
preliminary precautions and remedies proper for
aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious
effects which it might occasion.           «
  HELLEBORUS, H. niger—h. Albus, Veratrum
album—h. Granditlorus, H. niger — h. Trifolius,
Coptis.
  Helleb'orus Fce'tidtjs, Helleboras'ter,II.fce'-
tidus, Elleboraster, Stinking Hellebore or Bear's
foot, Setter wort, (F.) Hellebore ou ElUbore fetide,
Pied  de Griffon.   The leaves  of this plant are
said to be anthelmintic.   The smell of the fresh
plant is extremely fetid, and the taste bitter and
acrid.   It usually acts as a cathartic.
  Helleborus Niger,  H. grandiflo'rus, Elleb'-
orus niger, Melampo'dium, Melanorrhlzum, Ec'-
tomon, Black  Hellebore, Melampode, Christmas
Rose, (F.) Hellebore noir. The root of this Eu-
ropean plant—Helleborus, (Ph. U. S.)—has a dis-
agreeable odour, and bitter, acrid taste.  It is
possessed of  cathartic properties, and has been
recommended as an emmenagogue.  It has been
given in mania, melancholia, dropsy, suppressed
menses, <fcc.  Dose, gr. x to Qj, as  a cathartic.
  HELLECEBRA, Sedum.
  HELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus.
  HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aconitum
Anthora.
  HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
  HELMINS, Plur. Helmin'thea seu Elmin'thes,
from 'elpivs,  'a worm.'   A worm;  an entozoon :
■—hence:
  HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic.
  HELMINTHI, AVorms.
  HELMINTHIA,  Helminthiasis —h. Alvi,
Worms.
  Helmin'thia  Errat'ica.  Worms, introduced
by  accident and without finding a proper habita-
tion  in  the  stomach or intestines ; producing
spasmodic colic, with severe  tormina;  and oc-
casionally vomiting or  dejections  of blood; the
12th  genus of the order Enteriea,  class  Cceliaca,
of  Good.
  Helminthia Ponicis, AVorms.
  HELMINTHFASIS,  from  'elpivs, 'a worm.'
 A  generic name for the condition which gives
 occasion to the presence of intestinal worms.  It
is,  also, called Helmin'thia,  Vermindtio, Morbua
 vermino'aua, Status vermiho'sus, Sabur'ra vermi-
 no'sa,  Scoleri'asis,  Scolece'aia,  Entozoogeil esis,
 Parasitia'mua inteatina'lis, Worm  disease, Inver-■
 mina'tion.  See AVorms.
   HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic.
   HELMINTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi-
 cana.
   HELMINTHOCOLICA, Colica  verminosa.
   HELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina Corsicana.
   IIELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmintholog" ia, from
 'elpivs,  'a worm,' and loyos, 'a description.'  A
 treatise on worms.
   HELMINTHONCUS,  Malis —h. Medinensis,
 Dracunculus.
   HELMINTHOP'YRA, Helminthopyr'etoa, Fe-
 bria  vermino'aa, from 'elpivs, ' a worm,'  and irvp,
 ' a fever.'   Fever occasioned by worms.   See
 Fever, verminous.
    HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra.
    HELMINTHUS GORDII,  Seta equina.
    HELODES, Elodes.
    I1EL0NIAS DIOICA, Chamselerium luteum—
 h.  Lutea, Chamselerium luteum—h. Officinalis, see
 Veratrina.
    HELOPYRA, Elodes (febris.)
    HELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris.)
    HELOS, Clavus, Marsh.
    HELO'SIS,  Helo'tis: from tilw,   ' I  turn.'
  Bversion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the
 muscles of the eyes. Plica Polonica. Strabismus.
    HELOTIS, Helosis,  Plica.
  HELPS, Clavus, Helos.
  HELXINE, Parietaria.
  HEMACHROIN, Haematin.
  HEMAD YNAMETRE, Hacmadynamomclcr.
  HEMAPERITONIRRHAGIE,  Hamaperito-
nirrhag"ia ; from'atpa, 'blood,' peritonaum, and
pnywpt, 'I break forth.'   Hemorrhage into the
peritoneum.
  HEMAPROOTIE, Haemorrhois.
  HE MAST A TJQ UES, Haematostatiea.
  HEMATIDROSE, Sudor cruentus.
  HEMATIN, Hannatin.
  HEM A TO- ENCEPHALIE, Apoplexy.
  HEMATOID, llaematodes.
  HEMATOLOGIE, Hajmatology.
  HEMATOLOGY, Haematology.
  HEMATOMYE LIE, Hemorrhagic de la  Mo-
elle  Epiniere.
  HEMATONCIE,  Haematoncus,  see llaemato-
des fungus—h. Fongo'ide, Hasmatodes fungus.
  HEMATOPISIE, Hsematops.
  HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexiamyelitica.
  HEMATOSIN, Hiematin.
  IIEMERA, 'npepa, 'a day,.'   Diea.  Hence:
  HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia.
  Hemeralo'pia,  from 'npnpa,  'the day,'  and
oirropai, ' I see.'  Hameralopa, Dyao'qiict Icnebrd-
rum, Caligo  tenebrdrum,  Parop'sis Noetif'nga,
 Visits diur'nua, Nyctulo'pia, (of  aome,)  Nyctoty-
phlo'aia, Amblyo'pia crepuscula'ris, Caeitas cres-
pusculdris sen noctur''na, A'ciea diur'na, Day-
sight, Day-viaion, Hen blindnea8, Night, blindness,
(F.) Vue diurne,  Aveuglement  de Nuit.  A  dis-
ease, in which the eyes enjoy the faculty of  see-
ing, whilst the sun is above the horizon, but are
incapable of  seeing by the aid of artificial light.
Its causes are not evident.  The  eye, when care-
fully examined, presents no alteration, either in
its membranes or humours.
  HEM'ERALOPS, Dorea. One labouring under
hemeralopia.  Also, Hemeralopia.
  HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia.
  HEMERODROMA, (febris)  Ephemera.
  HEMEROPATHFA ; from 'npepa,' a day,' and
nados, 'an  affection.'  A disease, which continues
only a day; or, which is only observed during
the  day.
   HEMI,  'npt, 'nptavs, 'half,' 'semi.'  Hence:
   HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia.
   HEMIANDRUS, Eunuch.
   HEMIANOR, Eunuch. •
   HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania.
   UEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac.
   HEMIAZYGA, (Vena) see Azygos vein.
   HEMICEPIIALiEA, Hemicrania.
   HEAIICEPHALiEUM, Sinciput
   HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput
   HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput.
   HEMICEPH'ALUS, Semiceph'alua, from V,
 'half,' and xetpaln,  'head.'  One who has half a
 head.
   HEMICRA'NIA,  Ilemieephala'a, Migra'na,
 Grana, Hcmipa'gia, Hemipe'gia, Heteroera'niu,
 Monopdgia, Monope'gia, Cephala'a Ilemicra'nia,
 Hemipathla, Megrim, from  'nptavs, 'half,' and
 xpaviov, 'cranium.'  (F.)  Migraine.  Pain,  con-
 fined to one half the head.  It  is  almost always
 of an intermittent character;—at times, continu-
 ing only as long as the sun is above the horizon;
 and hence sometimes called Sun-pain, — and  ii
 cured by cinchona, arsenic,  and tho remedies
 adapted for intermittents.
   Hemicrania Idiopathica, Neuralgia, facial.
   HEMIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Periplo'ca In'- 
               IIEMIDESMUS              43

dica, Aaclc'pias  Pscudosar'sa, Sarsaparilla In'-
dim, Nannari, Indian Sarsaparilla. A Hindoos-
tanee  plant, the root, of which has a peculiar
aromatic odour, and a bitterish taste.  It is used
in India as a substitute for sarsaparilla.
  HEMIDIAPIIORE'SIS,  Transpirdtio  Uni-
lat'cra; from 'npt, 'half,' and otatpopnais, 'perspi-
ration.'  Perspiration of one half the body.
  IIEMIEC'TOX, Hemiec'teon, Semisex'tum.  A
vessel  capable of containing 36 chopines or pints,
and in which fumigations were made in diseases
of the  uterus and vagina.—Hippocrates.
  IlEMIM'ELES, from  'nptavs,  'one  half,' and
pelog,  'a limb.'   A genus of monsters, in  which
the upper or lower extremities are very defective
— mere stumps,—and the fingers and toes are en-
tirely wanting or very imperfect—G. St. Hilaire.
  HEMIMCE'RION,  from 'nptavs, and poipa,  'a
part'  ' One half.'—Foesius.  Also, half a drachm.
—Erotian.
  IIEM'INA.  A  Greek measure, answering to
the Cotyle, xorvln, i. c. one half the  sextarius, or
about half a pint, English.
  HEMIOBOL'ION, Hemiob'olon.  Half the obo-
lus.  A weight of about five grains.—Gorraeus.
  HEMIO'LIOX.  A weight of 12  drachms,  or
oz. 1£.—Galen.  See Sescuncia.
  HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'sis, Hemiopi'asis, Suf-
fu'aio  dimid'ittna, Viaus dimidia'tua, Marmor'yge
Hippoc'ratia, Hemiamauro'aia, Amauro'aia dimi-
didtti, from 'nptavs, 'one half,' andonropai,  'I see.'
Depraved vision, in which the person sees only
one half of an object
  HEMIOPIASIS, Hcmiopia.
  HEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia.
  HEMIPA'GES,  Dicor'yphua dihypogaa'triua,
Oc'topua aynapheoceph'olua, from 'npt, 'half,' and
itnywpt,  ' I fasten.'   A  monstrosity,  in   which
twins are united  from the navel to the vertex.—
I. G. Saint Hilaire.
  H E MIP A (IIA, Hemicrania.
  HEMIPATHIA, Hemicrania.
  1IEMIPEGIA, Hemicrania.
  HEMIPIIO'XIA, from 'npt, 'half,'  and tpwvn,
'voice.'  Great weakness of voice.
  HEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplegia, Paralysis, He-
miplegia, Scmiple'gin, Semi-sidera'tio,  from 'npt-
avs, 'one half,' and irlnaaw, or rAijrrui, 'I strike.'
Paralysis of one side of the body.  See Paralysis.
One  so palsied is said to be hemipleg"ic, aemi-
sidertltua.
  Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's.
  HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia.
  HEMIPROSOl'LEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's.
  HEMISP1PER.E CEREBRI, Hemispheres of
the brain.
  HEMISPHERE, Hemispha'ra, Hemispha'ri-
um, from 'nptavs, 'one half,' and atpaipa, 'a sphere.'
One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe-
roidal shape.
  Hemispheres  of  TnE  Brain, Hemispha'ra
cer'ebri, Hemispher'ical gan'glia, are the  upper
spheroidal portions of the brain, separated from
each other by the falx cerebri.
  HEMISPHERICAL GAXGLIA, Hemispheres
of the brain.
  HEMITE, ILvtnitis.
  HEAIITRIT.E'A,  (FEBRIS,) F. Semi-tcrti-
a'na, Febris sesquialtera, (F.) Semi-tierce, Fiivre
demitierce.   A semi-tertian  fever, so called be-
cause it seems to possess both  the characters of
the tertian and quotidian intermittent. — Galen,
Spigclius.
  HEMIUXCIA. Hemiuncion.
  HEMIUN'CION, Hcmiun'cia, Semun'cia, Se-
mnm'cia.  Half an ounce.
j                 HEPAR

   HEMLOCK, Conium maculatum — h. Ameri-
 can, Cicuta maculata—h. Bastard, Chasrophyllum
 sylvestre—h. Common, Conium maculatum—h.
 Dropwort, Ginanthe — h. Gum, see Pinus  Cana-
 densis — h. Pitch, see Pinus  Canadensis — h.
 Spruce, Pinus Canadensis — h.  AVater, American
 Cicuta maculata—h. AVater, fine-leaved, Phellan-
 drium aquaticum—h. AVater, Cicuta aquatica—h.
 AVild, Cicuta maculata.
   HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus.
   HEMODIA, Hsemodia.
   HEMO-ENC£PHALORRHAGIE,Avor,\exj.
   HEMOHEPA TORRHA GIE, Hepatorrhagia.
   HEMOMETRE, Haemadynamometer.
   HE MOM YEL ORRHA GIE, Apoplexy, spinal.
   HEMOPTYSIE, Haemoptysis — h. Foudroy-
 ante. see Haemoptysis.
   HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia—h. Acciden-
 tal, see Haemorrhagia—h. Active, see Haemorrha-
 gia—h. from the Bladder, Cystirrhagia—h. Con-
 stitutional, see  Haemorrhagia — h.  Critical, see
 Haemorrhagia—h. by Exhalation, see Haemorrha-
 gia—h. External, see Haemorrhagia—h. General,
 see  Haemorrhagia — h. from the Intestines, Me-
 laena—h. Internal, see  Haemorrhagia—h.  Inter-
 stitial, Apoplexy—h. Local, see Haemorrhagia—
 h. of the Mucous Membranes,  see Haemorrhagia
 —h. Passive, see Haemorrhagia—h. from the Pi-
 tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis—h. Pleural, Hoema-
 tothorax—h. from  the  Skin, Sudor cruentus—h.
 Spinal, Apoplexy,  spinal — h. Spontaneous, see
 Haemorrhagia — h. Supplementary, see Haemor-
 rhagia—h. Symptomatic, see Haemorrhagia—h. of
 the Tissues, see Haemorrhagia—h. Traumatic, see
 Haemorrhagia—h.  Uterine,  Metrorrhagia.
   HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, Hcematotho-
 rax. ^                                  *    „
   HEMORRHAGIE BUCCALE, Stomatorrha-
 gia—h. Cerebrate,  Apoplexy—h. du Pole, Hepa-
 torrhagia— h. Interstitielle, Apoplexy—h.  Inter-
 stitielle du Poumon, Haemoptysis — h. des Intea-
 tina, Haematochezia — h. de la  Mat dee,  Metror-
 rhagia— h. Meningee, Apoplexy, meningeal — h.
 de la Moelle  epiniere,  Apoplexia mvelitiea — h.
 A'asale, Epistaxis—h. de la Vessie, Cystirrhagia.
   HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Himorrhagi-
 pare, from hamorrhagia, 'hemorrhage,'.and pa-
 rirc, 'to bring forth.'  That which gives occasion
 to hemorrhage: thus,  softening of the neurine
 may be hemorrhagiparous.
   HEMORRIIINIE, Epistaxis.
 _  HEMORRHOID AIRE, (F.) One who is sub-
 ject to hemorrhoids.
   HEMORRHOIDES, Haemorrhois — h.  Aveu-
 gles, Caecae haemorrhoides.   See Haemorrhois.
   HEMORRHOSCOPIE, Haematoscopia.
   HEMOSPASIE, Haemospasia.
   HEMOSPASIQ UE, Haemospastic.
   HEMOSTASIE, Haemostasia.
   HE MOST A TIQI rES, Haematostatica.
   HEMP, IXDIAXT,  Apocynum cannabinum,
 Bangue—h. AVild,  Ambrosia trifida,
   HEAIPSEED, see Cannabis sativa.
   HEXBAXE, Hyoscyamus.
   HENBIT,  Lamium amplexicaule
   HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia.
   HEANE, Lawsonia  inermis.
   HEXRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana
 chirayita.
   HEXRICUS RUBEXS,  Colcothar.
   HEPAR,  ',,izap,  'genitive,' VaroS, 'liver.'  A
 name for substances resembling liver in appear-
 ance.  The ancient name for the liver of sulphur,
 Hepar sulphuris;  which  is sometimes  a com-
 pound of sulphur  and  potassium; at  others,  of
 sulphur and potassa. See Potassae sulphuretum. 
HEPATALGIA               436               HEPATITIS
  Hepar Adulterinum, Spleen.
  Hepar Antimonia'tum  is a  compound of  a
Eulphuret of antimony and an alkali.  See Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuretum.
  Hepar Martia'le.  A compound of sulphuret
of potass and an oxide of iron.
  Hepar Sanguinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum,
Spleen — h. Sulphuris salinum,  Potassae sulphu-
retum—h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammoniae sulphu-
retum—h. Uterinum, Placenta.
  HEPATAL'GIA,   Hepatodyn'ia,  Neuralgia
he'patis,  Colica  hepat'ica, from  'i/jrap, 'liver,'
and alyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the liver. Neuralgia
of the liver, (F.) Nevralgie du Foie.
  Hepatalgia Calculosa, Colica hepatica—h.
Petitiana,  Turgescentia  vesiculas  felleae — h.
Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis.
  HEPATAPOSTE'MA,  from V«p, 'the liver,'
and airoarnpa, ' an abscess.'  Abscess of  the liver.
  HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus.
  HEPATATROPHTA, Atroph'ia seu  Aridu'ra
he'patis,  from  'n^ap, ' the liver,'  and  atrophia,
' atrophy.'  Atrophy  of the liver :—a general con-
comitant of Cirrho'sia he'patia.
  HEPATAUXE, Hypertroph'ia  he'patia, (F.)
Hyperhe'patotrophie, Hypertrophic du foie.  Hy-
pertrophy of the liver.
  HEPATECHE'MA, Son'itua  hepat'icua, from
'n~up, 'liver,'  and 'nxnpa,  'sound.'  Sound ren-
dered by the liver on percussion.
  HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  'n~ap, 'liver,'
and epilpaoow,  'I obstruct'  Emphrax'ia hepatia,
Hepatic obstruction.—Ploucquet
  HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, Hepatomyelo'ma,
Fungus he'patia medulla'ria, from 'i?irap, ' liver,'
and eyxetpalos,  ' encephalon.'  Encephaloid of the
liver.
  HEPATE'RUS,  Hepat'icua,  Jecorclriua.   A
variety of diarrhoea, Fluxna hepaticua.—Gorraeus.
  HEPATIPEMORRHAG"IA,  Hamorrhag"ia
hepat'ica, Hepatorrhag"ia, Apoplex'ia hepat'ica,
(F.) Hemorrhagic du foie, Hemohepatorrhagie,
from 'n*ap, 'liver,' and 'atpoppayta, 'hemorrhage.'
Hemorrhage from the liver.
  HEPAT'IC,  Hepat'icus, Hepata'rius, Hepate'-
rus,  Hepaio'ides,  Hepato'des, Jecordrius, from
'n^ap,  ' the liver.'   Belonging or  relating  to or
resembling liver.
  Hepatic Ar'tery, Arte'ria Hepat'ica. One of
the three branches  given  off by the cceliac.  It
passes towards the inferior surface of the liver;
where  it divides  into two branches, a right and
a left,  which proceed towards the corresponding
parts of that organ.   The  right branch gives off
the cystic  artery.   Before dividing, the hepatic
artery  sends off two considerable branches, the
A. pylorica and Gastro-epiploica dextra.
  Hepatic Duct, Ductus  hepat'icus, (F.) Canal
hepatique,  is  about  three fingers' breadth  in
length, and of the size of a quill.  It is formed
by the union of the biliary ducts, and  joins the
cystic  duct at  a very acute angle,  to form  the
ductus choledochus.  Its function is to convey
the bile from the liver towards the duodenum.
  Hepatic  Plexus, Plexus hepat'icus, consists
of nervous filaments, sent by the coeliac plexus
to the liver, which accompany the  hepatic artery.
  Hepatic A'eins,   Supra-hepatic Veins,  Vena
cara hepat'ica, (F.)  Peine* aus-hepatiqnea, Intra-
lobular veins, do not follow  the  course of  the
arteries of the same name.  They  arise in  the
substance of the liver; converge towards  the
posterior margin  of that viscus, and open into
the vena cava  inferior.  They convey away the
blood carried to the  liver by the  hepatic artery
and vena porta.
  HEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed  to  be ca-
pable of affecting the liver.
  Hepatica, II. triloba — h. Americana,  II. tri-
loba— h. Fontana, Marchantia polymorpha — h.
XTobilis, II. triloba—h. Stellata, Asperula odorata.
  Hepatica Tril'oba, H. America'na, Anemo'ne
hepat'ica seu nob'ilia, Herba trinita'lis, Hepat'ica,
Hepat'icus flos, Trifo'Hum hepat'icnm, Trifo'lium
au'reum, Liverwort,  Liverweed,  Trefoil, Noble
Liverwort,  Herb  Trin'ity,  (F.)  Hepatique  des
jardina.  This plant—Hepat'ica  (Ph. U.  S.)—is
a gentle astringent, but not possessed of much
virtue.
  HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic.
  HEPATICUS,  Hepateros —h. Flos, Hepatica
triloba.
  HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization.
  HEPATIQUE ETOILEE, Asperula odorata
—h. dea Fontaines, Marchantia polymorpha—h.
dee Jardins, Hepatica triloba.
  HEPATIRRHCE'A, Fluxus hepat'icus,  Dysen-
ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhce'a  hepat'ica, Hepator-
rlur'a, Hepatocholorrhoe'a, Hepatodyscnter'ia, He-
patorrhag" ia,  Hamate'ra, Aimate'ra,  (F.) Flux
hepatique,  from 'nirap,  ' the  liver,' and pew, ' I
flow.'   A  species of diarrhoea in which the ex-
creted matters seem to  come  from the liver, or
are much mixed with bile.
  IIEPATIS  EMUNCTORIA, Inguen—h.  Sus-
pensorium, Ligament, suspensory, of the liver.
  HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization — h.  Pulmo-
num, Hepatization of the Lungs.
  HEPATISATION, Hepatization — h. Grise,
see Hepatization—h. Rouge, see Hepatization.
  HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena.
  HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma hepatitis,  Cauma
hepatitis,  Inflamma'tio  he'patis, I.  Jedno'ris,
Febris  hepat'ica  inflammato'ria,  Hepatalgia
phlegmono'ldes, Morbus jedno'ris, Hepatophleg'-
mone, Inflammation  of  the liver, (F.)  Hepatite,
Inflammation  du foie,  Piice  (Provincial).   It
may be seated either in the peritoneal covering,
Sero-hepatltis, or in the substance of  the liver,
or in both, Puro-hepatltis, and may be acute or
chronic.  The peculiar symptoms are:—pain in
the right  hypochondrium, shooting  to  the back
and right  shoulder, and increased on pressure;
difficulty of lying on the left side;  sometimes
jaundice with  cough, and synocha.   Its  termi-
nation is  generally  by resolution : — in  tropical
climates it often runs on to suppuration, Jec'oris
vom'ica, Hepatitis  apostemato'sa, the  abscess
breaking either externally, or forming a commu-
nication with the intestines or chest, or breaking
into the cavity of the abdomen.  The causes are
those of inflammation in  general.  Heat predis-
poses to it; hence  its greater frequency in  hot
climates.  On dissection of those who  have  died
of it, the liver has been found hard and enlarged;
colour of a deep purple ;  or the membranes have
been more or  less vascular;  or adhesions, or tu-
bercles, or hydatids, or abscesses, or biliary cal-
culi may be met with.   The treatment must be
bold.  Bleeding, general and local, fomentations,
blisters, purgatives, and the  antiphlogistic regi-
men.  In hot  climates  especially, a new action
must be excited by mercury as early as possible.
  Hepatitis Apostematosa, see Hepatitis.
  Hepatitis,  Chronic,  Hepatitis chron'ica, In-
fiamma'tio he'patis lenta, Hepatitis occulta, He-
patic''ula, Snbin flamma'tio he'patia, (F.) Chrono-
hepatite, Chronic lirer diaeaae,  is not as common
as is believed.  It may be suspected  from  the
existence  cf  the  symptoms above  mentioned,
when in a  minor degree ; enlargement, constant
dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun-
tenance ;  high - coloured  urine;  clay - coloured 
              HEPATIZATION

fieccs, Ac.  The great object  of treatment is to
excite  a new action  by mercury and  counter-
irritants, and to keep  the liver free by cathartics.
  Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis—h. Occulta,
II. chronic.
  HEPATIZA'TION, Hepatisdtio, Hcpatificd-
tio, from  't;!rap, 'the  liver.'   Conversion  into a
liver-like substance.  Applied to the lungs when
gorged with  effused matters, so that they are no
longer pervious to the air;—Hepatisdtio pulmo'-
num,  Carnijica'tio  jxdnio'num.  In  such state,
they are said to be hepatized.
  Hepatization-,  Red, (F.) Hepatisation rouge,
Endttrcissenient rouge, Itamollisseincnt rouge, cha-
racterizes the first stage of consolidation of  the
lungs in pneumonia.
  Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hepatisation grise,
Induration grise, Ramoll'tssement gria, Infiltration
puriileiite, characterizes the third stage, or stage
of purulent infiltration.
  IIEPATIZON, Chloasma.
  1IEPAT0CACE, from 'i;ir«p, 'liver,' and icaiccis,
'evil.'   (iangrene of  the liver.
  HEPATOCE'LE, from 'vtap, 'the liver,'and
Kn\n, 'a tumour;'  Her'nia  hepat'ica ; Hernia of
the  liver.   The  liver  has  never been found  en-
tirely out of  the abdominal cavity.  Increase of
its bulk, or injuries of the parietes of the abdo-
men, have been the sole cause of  the protrusions
which  have  been occasionally met with, espe-
cially in infants, in whom  the upper part of the
linea alba is very weak, and indeed scarcely seems
to exist  Sauvages has  distinguished two  species
of hepatocele : — the  ventral (in the linea alba),
and the umbilical or hepatomphalum.
  HEPATOCIIOLORRHtEA, Hepatirrhcea.
  llEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligament of the liver,
described by Haller,  as passing  from  the gall-
bladder and  contiguous sinus portarum, across
the duodenum  to  the  colon.   Another,  termed
Hcpato-renal, descends  from the root of the liver
to the kidney.   They are both peritoneal.
  HEPATOCYSTIC,  Hepatocys'tibua, Cyatide-
pat'tcua, from 'i7irup, 'the liver,' and xvans, 'blad-
der.'  Relating to the liver and gall-bladder.
  Hepatocystic  Duct, Ductua  hepatocyslicua.
The choledoch  duct.
  HEPATODYX IA,  Hepatalgia.
  IIEL'ATODYSEXTERIA, Hepatirrhcea.
  HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic.
  UEl'ATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, bilious,
Fever, gastric.
  IIEl'ATOG'RAPHY, Hepatogrdphia ; from
'nitap,  'the  liver,'  and ypatpy,  'a description.'
The part of anatomy  which describes the  liver.
  HEPATOIPE'MLA, Hypera'mia he'patia,  He-
patic Engorgement, (F.) Hyperemie du Foie, from
'i/irup, ' the liver,' and 'aipa, ' blood.'  Sanguineous
congestion of the liver.
  HEPATOSES,  Hepatic.
  HEPATOIPES, Hepatic.
  HEPATOLITHI'ASIS. from V«p, 'the liver,'
and liOiaats, ' formation of stone.'  The formation
of concretions, Hepatolithi, in the liver.
  HEPATOL 'OGY,  Hepatolog"ia,  from 'nitap,
'the liver,' and loyos, 'a discourse,'  'treatise.' A
treatise on the  livert
  HEPATOAIALA'CIA, Malaco'eia he'patia, (F.)
RamollisKement du Foie.  Softening of the liver.
  HEPATOAIYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma.
  HEPATOX'CCS. from 'i?ir«p,' the liver,'and
oyxos, ' a tumour.'   Tumefaction of  the  liver.
  HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from  V«p, Hhe
liver,'  and vapexrapa, 'considerable extension.'
Excessive enlargement of the  liver.
  HEPATOPATHFA,  from 'n*ap, 'liver,'  and
nados, 'suffering.'  Lirer-Dieease.  Disease of the
liver.
17                  HERBA

   HEPATOPATIIIE CANCEREUSE, Hepa-
toscirrhus—h. Tuberculeuse, Hepatostrumoaie.
   HEPATOPIILEGMOXE, Hepatitis.
   HEPATOPHTHFSIS, Phthisis hepat'ica, from
'tjirap,  'the liver,'and <P0tw, 'I consume.'  Con-
sumption from suppuration of the liver.
   HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhoea, Hepathae-
morrhagia.
   HEPATORRHEXTS, from V«p,  'liver,' and
pn^ts, ' rupture.'   Rupture of the  liver.
   HEPATORRHGEA, Hepatirrhcea.
   HE PA TOSARCOMIE, Hepatoscirrhus.
   HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,  from   V«p,   'liver,'
and axtppos,   ' cancerous  induration.'  Scirrhus
he'patis, Encephalo'sis of the liver, Carcinoma of
the liver, (F.) Hepatoaarcomie, Heputopathie can-
cereuse,  Cancer  du  Foie.   Scirrhus or Cancer of
the liver.
   HEPATOSTRUMOS1E, Tuber'cula he'patis,
(F.) Tubercules du Foie, Heputopathie tubercu-
leuse; from 'nnap, 'the liver,' and struma, 'a tu-
mour,' ' a scrophulous tumour.'   Tubercle of the
liver.
   HEPATOT'OMY,  from Vap,  'the liver,'and
repvw, ' I cut'  Dissection of  the liver.
   HEPIALOS,  Epialos.
   HEPS, see Rosa canina.
   HEPSEMA, Decoction.
   HEPSESIS. Decoction.
   HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
   HEPTAL'LON  GRAVEOLENS, Hogwort,
Bear's fright.  An indigenous plant, which  has
a fetid porcine smell; and is said to be used  by
the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, &c.
   HEPTAPHAR'MACUM, from 'cura,  'seven,'
and tpappaxov, 'a remedy.'  A medicine composed
of seven substances; cerusse, litharge, pitch, wax,
colophony, frankincense, and bullock's fat. It was
regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing.
   HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla.
   HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago  major.
   HERACLEUM,  see H. lanatum — h. Branca,
II. spondylium.
   Heracle'um Spondyl'ium, H. Bran'ca, Branca
ursi'na,  B, German'ica, Spondyl'ium, Sphondyl-
ium,  Cow Pursue]), All-heal,  (F.) Beree,  Brunc-
ursine bdtarde,  Fansse Acanthe.  Family,  Urn-
belliferae.  Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.  The
root of this plant has a strong, rank  smell; and
a pungent, almost caustic taste.  It has been
given  as a  tonic,  stomachic  and  carminative;
both in powder and in decoction.   The Russians,
Lithuanians, and Poles obtain from its seeds and
leaves, by fermentation, a very intoxicating spi-
rituous liquor, which  they call Parst.
   The root of Heracle'um Lana'tum, Masterwort,
Cow parsnep,—Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.)—is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
   1IERACLEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy.
   HERB, Herba, Bolaue.  Any ligneous plant
which loses its stalk during the winter.
   Herb Christopher, Ac-taea spicata.
   Herb-Doctor, Botan'ical Doctor,  Botan'ical
physic"ian.   One who treats diseases altogether
by herbs; as  the—so called—" Thompsonians."
   Herb of Grace, Gratiola officinalis—h. Mas-
tic-h, common, Thymus mastichina—h. Mastich,
Syrian,  Teucrium marum—h. Robert, Geranium
Robertianum — h. of Saint Cunegonde, Eupato-
rium cannabinum—h. Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia
—h. Trinity, Hepatica triloba.
   HERBA, Herb — h. Alexandrina,  Sinyrnium
olusatrum—h. Althaeae, Pelargonium  cucullatum
— h. Anthos, Rosmarinus — h. Benedicta, Geum
urbanum—h.  Britannica, Rumex  hydrolapathum
-—h.  Canni,  Artemisia santonica — h. Cardiaca,
Leonurus cardiaca — h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacus
4; 
HERB.E
438
HERNIA
 fullonum—h. Dorea, Solidago virgaurea—h. Fe-
 lis, Nepeta—h. Genipi, Achillea atrata—h. Ignis,
 Lichen pyxidatus — h.  Melancholifuga, Fumaria
 —h. Militaris, Achillea millefolium — h. Papilla-
 ris, Lapsana—h. Paralyseos, Primula veris — h.
 Paralytica, Primula veris—h. Patae lapinae,  Leo-
 nurus  cardiaca — h. Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium
 — h. Quercini, Lichen  plicatus — h.  Sacra,  Ver-
 bena  officinalis — h. Salivaris, Anthemis pyre-
 thrum— h. Sideritidis, Galeopsis  grandiflora—h.
 Tabaci,  Nicotiana tabacum — h. Trinitatis,  Ane-
 mone  hepatica, Viola tricolor — h. A'eneris,  Adi-
 antum pedatum — h. A'entis,  Anemone Pulsatilla
 — h. Vitri, see Salsola kali—h. Zazarhendi, Ori-
 ganum.
   IIERB.E PRO  ENEMATE, Glyster herbs—
 h. pro fotu, Fomentation herbs.
   HERBALIST, Herborist
   HERBA'RIUM, from herba, a plant.  A col-
 lection of plants.   Generally applied  to a collec-
 tion of dried plants — Hortus aiccua.  In Phar-
 macy,  a plant that  is used  entire.
   HERBARIUS, Herborist.
   HERBE, Herb—h. au Cancer, Plumbago Eu-
 ropaea— h.  aux  Chantrea, Erysimum — h.  aux
 Charpentiera,  Justitia pectoralis — h. aux Chata,
 Nepeta,  Teucrium  marum  — h. au Coq, Tanace-
 tum balsamita—h. au Cuillera, Cochlearia offici-
 nalis— h. aux Ecrouelles, Scrophularia nodosa—
 h. aux Ecus, Lysimachia nummularia—h. d Eter-
 nuer, Achillea ptarmica—h. aux Gueux, Clematis
 vitalba — h. d la Houette, Asclepias Syriaca — h.
 d'Ivrognef Lolium temulentum—h. aux Mamellea,
 Lapsana — h. aux Mouchea, Conyza squarrosa —
 h. au. Pauvre homme, Gratiola officinalis — h. aux
 Perlea, Lithospermum  officinale — h. d Piaaer,
 Pyrola umbellata — h.  d la  Poudre  de  Chypre,
 Hibiscus abelmoschus—h. aux Poux, Delphinium
 staphisagria — h. aux Puces  commune, Plantago
 psyllium — h. d Robert, Geranium Robertianum
 — h. de  Sainte Barbe, Erysimum barbarea  — h.
 Sainte Chriatophe,  Actaea  spicata — h. de Saint
 Etienne, Circaea lutetiana—h. de Saint Jean, Ar-
 temisia vulgaris—h. de Saint Roch, Inula dysen-
 terica—h. aux Sorciera,  Circaea lutetiana—h. aux
 Verruca, Heliotropium Europaeum.
  HERBIVOROUS, Herbiv'orus,  from  herba,
 ' grass,' and voro, ' I eat'  An epithet applied to
 animals which feed on herbs.
  HER'BORIST, Herbdrins. One who deals in
 useful  plants.  An Herb'alist or Herb'arist.
  HERBORIZA'TION,  Herba'rum, inquisil'io.
 An excursion, made with the view of collecting
 plants.   Such  excursions  are  directed by the
 Apothecaries'  Company  of London,  for the use
 of their apprentices, &c.
  HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque herba
 cctpilldrea, were, anciently, hart's tongue ; black,
 white,  and golden maiden-hair, and spleenwort
  Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herba emol-
 Hen'te8, were, anciently, beet,  mallow,  marsh-
 mallow, French mercury, and violet.
  HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinacaopoponax.
  HERCULEUS MORBUS,  Epilepsy.
  HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary.
  H E R E D ' IT A R Y, Hareditd rius, Hereditd-
 rius,  Gent.ilil'iua,  Sym'phytos,  Syn'genes,  (F.)
 Hereditaire, from  hares, 'an heir/   An epithet
 given  to diseases,  communicated from progeni-
 tors.   Such diseases may exist at birth ; or  they
 may supervene at a more or less advanced period
 of existence.  Hereditary diaeaaes, Morbi heredi-
 ia'rii,  (F.) Maladiia hereditaires, often prevail
 amongst several  members of a  family, or are
family diseases or complaints.
  H E R M APIIR 0 D E'lT Y, Hermaphroditic,
 Hermaphroditicmu8, Hermaphrodis'mus, Fab'rica
androg"yna, Androgyilia, Gynan'dria, Hermaph'-
rodism; from  'Eppns,  'Mercury,' and A</>fic<5in/,
'Venus.'  Appertaining to Mercury and Venus.
Union of the two sexes in the same individual.
  IIERMAPHRODISIA, HermaAvhrodeity.
  HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same e^uion.  Iler-
maphrodltus,  Gynida, Androg"ynua.  One who
possesses the attributes of male and female : who
unites in himself the two sexes.  A term, applied
to an animal or plant which is, at the same time,
both male and female.   True hermaphrodites are
only met with in the lower degrees of the animal
scale, amongst the zoophytes, mollusca, or gaste-
ropoda.  The  individuals of the human species,
regarded as hermaphrodites, owe this appearance
to a vicious conformation  of the genital organs;
a kind of monstrosity, which renders them unfit
for generation, although an attentive examination
may exhibit the true sex.  Hermaphrodites have,
likewise, been described, which, instead of uniting
the attributes of both sexes, cannot be considered
male or female.  These have been called neutral
hermaphroditea.
  HERMAPHRODITISMUS, Hermaphrodeity.
  HERMAPHRODITUS, Hermaphrodite.
  HERMET'ICA  DOCTRPNA, Hermetica are,
(F.) Hermetique.   The  doctrine  of  Hcrines, a
celebrated  Egyptian philosopher, who is con-
sidered the father of alchemy.  That part of
chymistry, whose object was the pretended trans-
mutation of the metals.
  HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactyle'tue, An'ima or-
ticitlo'rum,  from 'Eppns, ' Mercury,' and iaxrvlos,
'a finger;'  or  rather  from Hermua,  a river in
Asia, upon whose  banks it grows, and imxrvlos,
'a date;' or from 'Eppns, 'Mercury,' and iaxrvlos,
'a date;' (F.) Hermodactyle, Hermodacte ou Iler-
modute.  The root of the  Hermodactyl was for-
merly used as a cathartic.  By some, it is sup-
posed  to  be identical with  the Iris tubero'sn.
The best testimony seems to be in favour of its
being a variety of the colchicum,— Col'chicum
lllyr'icum.
  HER MOD A TE, Hermodactvlus.
  HERMOPH'ILUS,  from  'Eppns,  'Mercury,'
and tptlos, ' a lover.'  One who is fond of mercury
as a medicine.
  HER'NIA,  Ramex, Ruptu'ra,  R.  hernio'sa,
Crepatu'ra,  Ectop'ia hernio'aa,  Cell, Rupture,
Burst,  (F.) Hargne, Deacente,  Effort,  Greveure,
Rompeure.  Any tumour, formed by the displace-
ment of a viscus or a portion of a viscus,  which
has escaped from its natural cavity by some aper-
ture and projects externally.  Herniae have been
divided into,—1. Hernia of the Brain;  Encepha-
locele;  2. Hernia  of the  Thorax; Pneumocele;
3. Hernia of the Abdomen.
  Abdom'inal  Hernia  are remarkable for their
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending
them.  They are produced by the protrusion of
the viscera, contained in the abdomen, through
the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes
of that  cavity.  The organs, which form  them
most frequently, are the intestines and the epi-
ploon.  These herniae have been divided, accord-
ing to the apertures by which they escape, into:
  1. Inguinal or Supra-Pu'bian Hernia.   These
issue by the inguinal canal: they are called Bu-
bonoce'le, when small; and  Scrotal  Hernia or
Oscheocele, in man, when they descend into the
scrotum; — Vulvar Hernia or Puden'dal or Ld-
bial Hernia, Episioce'le, in women, when they
extend to the labia majora.  2. Crural or Fem'-
oral Hernia, Me'roce'le, when they issue by the
crural canal.  3. Infra-Pu'bian Hernia, (F.) Her-
nie aoua-pubienne, O'odeoce'le, Her'nia foraulinis
ova'lia,  when  the  viscera escape through the
opening, which gives passage to the infra-pubian 
                  nERNIA

vessels.  4. lachialic Hernia; when it takes place
through  the sacro-sciatic notch.  5. Umbilical
Hernia,  Exonlphalos,  Omphaloce'le ; when it oc-
curs at the umbilicus  or  near  it.   6. Epigas'tric
Hernia ;—occurring through the linea alba, above
the umbilicus.   7. Hypogastric or Infra-umbil-
ical Hernia, Ctrlioce'le, 1lypogaatroce'le,— when
it occurs through the linea alba below the umbi-
licus.  8. Perina'ul Hernia, Mesosceloeele, Her'-
nia pernios'i, Perinaoce'le, Perineocele—when it
takes place through the levator ani, and appears
at the perineum.  9. Vag"inal Hernia, Coleoce'le
seu Elytroccle — through the parietes of the va-
gina.   10.  Diaphragmat'ic  Hernia,  Diaphrag-
matoce'le; when it passes through the diaphragm.
  Ilerniie are likewise distinguished,—according
to the viscera  forming them,—into Enteroce'le,
Epiploce'/e, Eii'tero-epiploce'le, Gaatroce'le, Cya-
toce'/c, Hejicitoce'le,  Splenoce'le, &c.
  When a hernia can be restored to its natural
cavity, by the  aid of  pressure, &c., properly ap-
plied, it is said to be reducible. It is, on the con-
trary, irreducible, when adhesion, bulk, Ac, op-
pose  its  return.  AVhen the  aperture, which  has
given  passage to  the hernia, occasions  more or
less constriction on the  protruded portion,  the
hernia is said to be incarcerated or strangulated' :
and, if the  constriction  be not removed,  consti-
pation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the  signs of
violent inflammation,  followed by gangrene, su-
pervene, with  alteration  of tho feature's,  small
pulse, cold extremities, and death.
  The therapeutical indications are, — 1. As re-
gards reducible hernia: — to replace the viscera
in the abdomen by the taxis;  and to retain them
there  by tho  use  of a truss, which, if properly
adapted, may effect a radical cure.  2. As regards
irreducible hernia: —  to support the tumour by
an  appropriate  suspensory bandage.  3.  As re-
gards strangulated hernia: — to have recourse to
the  taxis; blood-letting;  warm bath;  tobacco
glysters ; ice to the tumour; and, if these  should
not succeed, to perform an operation, which con-
sists in dividing the covering of the hernia, and
cutting the aponeurotic  ring, which causes  the
strangulation; — reducing the displaced viscera,
unless their  diseased  condition  should  require
them to be retained without;—dressing the wound
appropriately ;—restoring the course of the faeces
by means of gentle glysters ;—preventing or com-
bating inflammation of the abdominal viscera ;—
conducting the wound to  cicatrization, by appro-
priate means ; and afterwards supporting  the ci-
catrix by a bandage.
  The word hernia was also used, of old, for the
scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle.
  Hernia, Aneurismal,  Cirsomphalus—h. Ar-
teriarum, see Aneurism—h. of the  Bladder, Cys-
tocele—h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele—h. Carnosa,
Sarcocele — h. of the Cerebellum, Parencephalo-
cele—h.  Cerebri, Encephalocele.
  Hernia, Congen'ital,  Hernia congen'ita, is a
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen
into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want
of adhesion between  its  sides, after the descent
of the testicle.
  Hernia Corner, Ceratocele — h. Crural, Met-
rocele — h.  Epiploic,  Epiplocele — h. Femoral,
Murocele — h.  Foraminis  Ovalis,  see Hernia —
h. (iutturis,  Bronchocele — h. Hepatica,  Hepa-
tocele.
  Hernia HumoR.v'liS, Empres'ma Orchitis, Di-
dymItis, Orchitis,  Orchidltis, Inflamma'tio tes'-
tium, Intlamina'tion  of the Testicle, Swelled Tes-
ticle,  Hernia Ven'eris, Orchioce'le, Orchidoce'le,
Orchidon'cus, (F.) Inflammation du tcsticnle, Or-
chite.  Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is
a common symptom of gonorrhoea—Chaudepisse
;9                  HEROIC

 tombee dans les Bourses; but it may arise  from
 external  injuries, or from other causes.  It is a
 disease, which cannot be mistaken, and the treat-
 ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic,
 supporting the testicle during the treatment, and
 for  some time afterwards: methodical compres-
 sion has also been found useful.  The disease is
 not generally of a serious character, going off as
 suddenly as it comes on.  As it affects the epidi-
 dymis more especially, when supervening on go-
 norrhoea or blennorrhcea, it is sometimes termed
 blenorrhag"ic epididymitis.
   Hernia  Incarcerata,  Entero-pcristole—h.
 Inguinalis, Bubonocele—h. Intestinalis, Entero-
 cele—h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele
 —h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis — h.  Ischiatica, Ischio-
 cele—h. Licnalis, Splenocele.
   Her'nia Litt'rica, II. e Divertic'ulo Intestlni.
 Hernia, first described by Littre, in which the in-
 testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial
 sac, the protruded portion of intestine consisting
 of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre
 concluded was formed by the gradual extension
 of a knuckle  of the bowel, that had been engaged
 in the inguinal canal.
   Hernia of the Liver, Hepatocele—h. Omen-
 tal, Epiplocele — h. Parorchido-enterica, Paror-
 chido-enterocole — h. Perinaei,  see  Hernia — h.
 Pharyngis, Pharyngocele—h. Phrenic, Diaphrag-
 matic hernia—h. Pinguedinosa Scroti, Liparocelo
 — h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele — h. Pleurica et
 pulmonalis, Pleurocele — h. Pudendal, Pudendal
 hernia—h.  Sacci lachrymalis, Lachrymal hernia,
 Mucocele—h. Scrotalis, Scrotocele—h. Seminalis
 scroti, Spermatocele — h. of the Stomach,  Gas-
 trocele—h. Suprapubian, II. inguinal—h. of the
 Tongue,  Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis, Epiplom-
 phalon,  Exomphalos — h. Umbilici Aquosa, Hy-
 dromphalum—h. Urachi, Uromphalus—h. Uteri,
 Hysterocele — h. Varicose, Cirsocele — h. Ynri-
 cosa, ATaricocele — h.  Arenarum, ATarix — h. Ve-
 neris, Hernia humoralis—h. ATentosa, Physocele
 — h. A'entral, see A'entral — h.  A'entriculi,  Gas-
 trocele—h. Vesicae  Urinaria;,  Cystocele—h. Zir-
 balis, Epiplocele.
   HEP NI AIRE,  Hernial, Herniaria glabra.
   IIER'NIAL, Hemidrius, (F.) Herniaire. Be-
 longing to, or concerning  hernia: — as  Hernial
 Bandage, Hernial Sac, &c.
   The (F.) Hemic, is applied to a part enveloped
 in a hernial sac.   (F.) Hernieux, Cele'ta,  Celo'tcs,
 Rup'iured, Burst,  Bursten, means  one  affected
 with hernia;  and  Chirurgien herniaire, one who
 devotes himself to the treatment of hernia.
   HERNIA'RIA   GLABRA,  II. vulga'ris  seu
 hirsu'tti seu alpes'tris  sen an'nua sen eine'rea seu
 friitico'sa, Milligrdna, Enlpefrum, Rupture-wort,
 fromhernia. 'rupture.'  (F.) Herniaire, Tarquettt,
 Herniate.  This plant, which, as its name import.-,
 was formerly considered efficacious in the cure
 of hernia, seems  destitute of all  virtues.
   IIERNTARIUS, Hernial.
   HER-VIE  CHARNUE, Sarcocele—h.del Epi-
 ploon, Epiplocele—h.  de VEstomac. Gastroeele—
 h. Inguinale, Bubonocele — h.  du Nombril, Ex-
 omphalos—h. Ombilicale, Exomphalos—h. de la
 Vessie, Cystocele.
   HERNIE. Hernial.
   HERXIEMPHRAG'MPS.  Hemiemphrax'is,
 from hernia,  and epippaypos, 'obstruction.'  The
 mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the
 radical cure of the hernia.
   HERN IE UN, Hernial.
   HERNIOLE. Herniaria glabra.
   HERNIOTOMY. Celotomia.
   HERO'IC, Hero'icus,  Hero'ins. Hero'us, from
 'npios, 'a hero.'   An epithet applied to remedies
 or practice of a violent character.
4.' 
HERPEDON
440
HEUCTIERA
  HERPEDON, Herpes.
  HERPEN, Herpes.
  HERPES, Erpes, Herpe'don, Herpen, Serpens,
from  'epirw, ' I  creep;'  because  it  creeps  and
spreads about the  skin;  Ecphly'aia Herpea, Cy-
tis'ma  Herpes,  Tetter,  Fret, (F.) Dartre, Olo-
phlyctide.   A vesicular disease, which, in most
of its forms, passes through a regular course of
increase, maturation, decline, and termination in
from  10 to 14 days.  The vesicles  arise in dis-
tinct, but irregular  clusters, which commonly ap-
pear in quick  succession,  and near  together, on
an inflamed base ; generally attended with heat,
p:iin, and  considerable  constitutional disorder.
The term, like all others which refer to cutaneous
diseases, has not been  accurately defined.  The
ancients had  three varieties:  the miliary,  xey-
Xpiaios: vesicular,  tplvxratvwSns,  and ero'ding,
taStopevos.   Bateman has the following varieties :
1. Herpes PhlyctjENo'oes, Herpes milia'ris, Ec-
phly'sis Herpes Milia'ris, (F.)Dartre phlycteno'ide,
in which the vesicles are millet-sized; pellucid:
clusters commencing on an uncertain part of the
body,  and  being progressively strewed over the
rest of the surface; succeeded  by  fresh crops.
2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona  ig'nea, Z.aerpi-
gino'sa, Ignis Per'sicus, Cinzilla,  Sacer ignis, Ec-
phly'aia Herpes zoster, Herpes peris''cell's, Erysip'-
clas zoster, Eryaip'elaa phlyctanoldes, E. pustu-
lo'sa,  Zona, Cir'cinua,  Perizn'ma, (F.) Ceinture,
 C. dartreuae, Feu Peraique,  Eryaipele pustuleux,
Shinglea, in which  the vesicles are  pearl-sized ;
the clusters spreading round the  body like a gir-
dle;  at times confluent,  and occasionally  pre-
ceded  by  constitutional  irritation.   3.  Herpes
Circina'tus, Formica ambulato'ria, An'nulua re-
pens, Herpea Serpigo, Serpigo,  Ecphly' aia Her-
pes Circina'tua, Ringworm, Veaic'ular Ringworm,
consisting  of vesicles with  a reddish base, uniting
in rings; the area of the rings slightly discoloured,
often  followed by  fresh crops.  4.  Herpes La-
bia'lis, and 5. Herpes  Pr.eputia'lis,  Aphtha
prapu'tii,   Ulcus'cula prapu'tii, appearing, re-
spectively, on  the lips and prepuce.   6. Herpes
Iris, Iris,  Rainbow-norm,  occurring in small cir-
cular patches, each of which is composed of con-
centric rings of different colours.   To these may
added, Herpes Ex'edens, Ecphly'sis Herpes ex'-
edens, Herpes esthiom'enus, H. depas'cens, H. ferns,
II. estiom' enus, H.  ferox, Dart a  excoriatlva seu
malig'na, Lupus vorax, Formica corroslva, For-
mix, Pap'ula fera,  Ulcerative Ringworm, Nir'lea,
A'gria, (F.) Dartre rongeante, in which the vesi-
 cles are hard ; clusters  thronged;  fluid dense,
yellow or  reddish,  hot, acrid, corroding the sub-
 jacent skin, and spreading in serpentine  trails.
   All the  varieties demand simply an antiphlo-
 gistic treatment, when  attended with febrile irri-
 tation.  The  herpea circinatua,  alone,  requires
 the use of  astringent applications which have the
power of repressing the eruption.
   Herpes Depascens, H.  exedens — h. Esthio-
menus, H. exedens—h. Estiomenus, H.  exedens
 —h. Favinosus, Pityriasis—h. Ferox, H.  exedens
 —h. Ferus, H. exedens—h. Furfuraceus, Pityri-
 asis— h. Furfuraceus circinatus, Lepra, H. exe-
 dens— h. Miliaris, H. phlyctaenoides — b. Peris-
 celis, II.  zoster — h. Serpigo, H. circinatus — h.
 Tonsurans, Porrigo decalvans.
   HERPETIC, Herpelicus, (F.) Dartreux. Pos-
 sessing the nature of herpes.
   HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetograph'ia, from
 '£p7ri7$, 'herpes,' and ypatj^, 'a  description.'  A
 description of the  different forms of herpes.
   HERPE'TON,  Ilerpet'icon, from 'epirnv, 'to
 oreep.'  A creeping eruption or  ulcer. — Hippo-
 crates.
  HERPYLOS, Thymus scrpyllum.
  HERREXSCHWAND'S SPECIFIC, see Spe-
cific of Herrensehwand.
  HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alliaria.
  HETERADELPllTA,from 'erepos, 'other,' and
a&eltpos, 'a  brother.'  A double monstrosity, in
which  the components of  the double bodies are
very unequal, and of which  one portion may be
regarded  as the stem or trunk, to which another
organized part, or even a whole body, less deve-
loped than itself, is affixed like a parasite.
  HETEROCHROXTCUS, Heterocllronua, from
'erepos, 'other,'  and jrpovos, 'time.'  Relating to
difference of time.
  Pulsus  heterochron'icus.   A pulse  of varying
rhythm.   An  irregular or intermittent pulse.
  HETEROCHYMEU'SIS, from 'erepos, 'other,'
and ^vpevats, 'mixture.' A state of the blood in
which it  contains other matters than in health,
as urea, bile, &c.
  HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and Tissues.
  HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania.
  HETEROCRIN'IA, from 'erepos, 'other,' and
xptvw, ' I separate.'  Modification in the situation
of secretions.—Andral.
  HETEROGENESIS, see Generation.
  HETEROLALIA, Heterophonia.
  HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES,  see Tissues.
  HETEROMORPII'ISM,  Heteromorphie'mua,
from 'erepos, 'other,'  and poptpn,  'shape.'   A de«
viation from the natural shape of parts.
  HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology.
  HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic.
  HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'erepos, 'other,'and
tpwvrj,  ' voice.'   A cracked  or broken voice.  A
change of the voice or speech—Heteroldlia.
  HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'erepos, 'other,'
and otpSalpos,  'eye.'  A  difference  in  the two
eyes, — as when one squints, or is  of a different
colour.
  HETEROPLAS'TY, Heteroplas'tice,  Hetero-
pla'sia, from  'erepos, 'other,' and nlaaaw, 'I form.'
Irregular plastic or formative operations, that do
not admit of exact classification.
  HETEROPROSO'PUS, from 'erepos, 'different,'
and irpoawirov, 'countenance.'   A monster having
two faces.—Gurlt.
  HET'EROPUS, from 'erepos,  'other,' and irons,
' foot'  One who has one foot different from the
other.
  HETEROREXIA, Malacia.
  HETERORRHYTH'MUS, from 'erepos, 'other,'
and pvdpos, 'rhythm.'  Having another rhythm.
An epithet given to  the pulse, when it is such,
in any individual, as is usually felt at a different
age.
   HETEROS, from 'erepos, 'the one of two,' 'the
other.'  Hence:
   HETEROSARCO'SES, from 'erepos, 'other,'
and aapi-, 'flesh.'  A class of diseases which con-
sist in the formation of accidental  tissues.—Gcn-
drin.
   HETEROTAX'IA, (F.) Heterotaxie, from 'ere-
pos, and  ra^is,  'order.' A  malformation, which
 consists  in the general transposition of organs.
 A  change in  the relation of organs.
   HETEROTOP'IA, from  'erepos, 'other,' and
 ronos, ' place.'  A deviation from the natural po-
 sition of parts.
   HETRE, Fagus  sylvatica.
    HEUCHERA, see H. cortusa — h. Acerifolia,
 H. cortusa.
    Heuche'ra  Cortu'sa, H. America'na, H.Ace-
 rifo'lia, It.  Vis'cida, Cortu'ea America'na, Alum 
IIEUDELOTIA              441                 HILON
Root, Amer'ican  San'iclc,  Ground-maple, Cliff-
weed, Split-rock.  The root — Heuchera (Ph. IT.
S.) — is a  powerful  astringent, and is the basis
of a cancer powder.   The American Indians ap-
ply the powdered root to wounds, ulcers,  and
cancers.  It  is said  to have been sold for  col-
chicum.
  Heuchera Viscioa, II. cortusa.
  HEUDEtOTIA AFRICANA, see Bdellium.
  HEVEA GUIANEXSIS, see Caoutchouc.
  HEX AG I UM,  Sextula.
  HEXATHYRIDIUM VEXARUM,seeAVorms.
 _ HEX IS, '£(({.  Habit, liabit of body, constitu-
tion.   Hence, hectic, cachectic, &c.
  HIA'TUS,  from  hiare,  'to gape,'  'to  open.'
A foramen or aperture.   Mouth.  The  vulva.
Also, yawning.
  Hiatus Diaphrag'matis Aor'ticus, Semicir'-
culus cxecu/p'tus.  The opening in the diaphragm
for tho passage of the abdominal aorta.
  Hiatus  Fallopii,  see Aquaeductus Fallopii—
h. Occipito-petreux,  Lacerum posterius foramen
—h. Spheno-petreux, Lacerum anterius foramen.
  Hiatus  of AVinslow, Fora'men of Winslow.
An opening—situate behind the lesser omentum,
and behind the vessels and nerves of the liver—
which forms  a communication between the peri-
toneal cavity and that of the omenta.
  HIBER'NICUS LAPIS, Teg'ula  Hiber'nica,
Ante'sia Hiber'nica,  Harde'sia,  Irish Slate.  A
kind of slate or very hard stone, found in differ-
ent parts of Ireland, in masses of a bluish-black
colour, which stains the hands.  It  has been
taken, powdered,  in spruce-beer, against inward
contusions.
  HIBISCUS, Althaea.
  Hibis'cus  Abelmos'chus,  Abelmos'chus mos-
cha'tus.  The name of the plant, whose seeds are
called Grana Moschi or Muskseed.  It is the Bel-
mus'chus, Abelmos'chus, Granum Moschi, Kelmia
Aigyptiaca, Moschus Ar'abum, JEgyp'tia moscha'-
ta,  liamix moscha'ta, Alce'a, Alcea Indica, Alcea
AZgyptictca Villo'sa, Abelmosch, Abelmusk, Musk-
mallow, (F.)  Graine de Muse, Herbe d la poudre
de  Chypre, Ambrette,  Guimauve veloutee.   It is
indigenous in Egypt and the  Indies.   The seeds
are chiefly used as  perfumes; and especially in
the formation of Cyprus Powder.
  Hibis'cus  Popule'us, Balimba'go.  A small
Molucca tree. The fruit is full of a juice similar
to camboge.  The root is emetic.   It  is used in
chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, &c.
  HICCOUGH, Singultus.
  HICCUP, Singultus.
  HICK'ORY.  The  name of several American
trees  of the genus Gary a;  Order, Juglandaceae.
The leaves  are usually aromatic ; and are reputed
to be antispasmodic (?). The bark of those species
that have  bitter  nuts, as Carya ama'ra and C.
porci'na, is somewhat astringent.  Some of them
bear fruit that is much esteemed, as Carya. oliva-
formis, Pecan' or Peccail  nut, and  C. sulcdta,
Shellbark.
  HIDDEN  SEIZURES.   An  expression em-
ployed by  Dr. Marshall Hall for obscure ence-
phalic and spinal attacks,  of an epileptoid cha-
racter  for example, which  may be immediately
owing to trachelismus.
  HIDRISCHESIS, Ilidroschesis.
  IIIDROA,  Desudatio, Echauboulures, Hydroa,
Sudamina.
  HIDRON'OSUS, Hidronu'sus, from  'icpws,
'sweat,' and voaos, 'a disease.' A disease accom-
panied by violent sweats.   Sudor Anglicus.
  HIDROXUSPS. Hidronosus.
  HIDKOPEDESIS,  Ephidrosis.
  HIDROPIIOROS, Sudoriferous.
  H1DR0P0ET1CUM, Sudorific.
  HIDROPYRA, Sudor Anglicus.
  HIDROPYRETOS, Sudor Anglicus.
  HIDRORRIHEA, Ephidrosis.
  HIDROS, '/<5p<<is,  Sudor, 'sweat'  Hence—Hi-
dropyra, Hidrosis, &c.
  HIDROS'CHESIS, Hidris'chesia, Reten'tiosu-
do'ris, from 'i<5puis,  'sweat,' and  cheats, 'reten-
tion.'  Suppression  of perspiration.
  HIDRO'SIS,  Hidro'aia,  Suda'tio, from 't&pws,
' sweat'   Sudation,  Sweating, Ephidrosis.
  HIDROTERION, Achicolum.
  HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific.
  HIDROTICUM,  Sudorific.
  HIDRO'TIUM, Diminutive of 'icpws,  'sweat'
A gentle sweat or perspiration.
  HIDROTOPCEUM, Sudorific.
  HIEBLE, Sambucus ebulus.
  HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THID0S,from 'upos,
'holy.'  Hiera of Colocynth. An electuary, com-
posed of 10 parts of colocynth,  as much agaric,
germander, white horehound, stcechas: — 5 parts
of opoponax, as much sagapenum, piarslcy, round
birthwort root, and  white pepper:—4  parts  of
spikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, and saffron;  and 3
pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey.
  Hiera  op Colocynth, H. Diaeoloeynthidos—
h. Logadii, Hiera piera.
  Hiera  Picra, from 'tepos, 'holy,' and mxpos,
'bitter.'   Holy bitter, Pulvis aloet'icus, formerly
called Hiera logddii, when made into an electu-
ary with honey.  It is now kept in the form of
dry powder;—prepared by mixing socofrine aloes
one  pound, with 3 ounces of canella alba.  See
Pulvis aloes cum canella.
  Hiera Syrinx, ATertebral column, Epilepsy.
  HIERACI'TES, 'upaxinjs, from 'tepa(,' a hawk,'
Lapis Accip'itrum.   The ancient name of a pre-
cious stone, believed to be capable of arresting
the hemorrhoidal flux.—Pliny,  Galen, Paulus.
  HIERACIUM  LACHEXALII, 11. murorum.
  Hiera'cium Muro'rum,  H.  Lachenalii, Pul-
montlria  Gallica, Auric'ula mu'ris major, (F.)
Eperviere des murailles, Pulmonaire des Francais.
A European plant, which is a slight tonic.
  Hieracium  Oleraceum,  Sonchus oleraceus.
  Hieracium  Pilosel'la. The systematic name
of the Auric'ula Muris,  Pilosel'la, P.  Alplna,
Myoso'tis, Mouse-ear, (F.)  Piloselte,  Oreille  de
Souris.   This  plant  contains a bitter, lactescent
juice, which has a slight degree of  astringency.
The roots are more powerful than the leaves.
  Hiera'cium A'eno'sum, Rattlesnake weed, Veiny
Hawkweed, indigenous, has similar properties.
  HIERAXOSUS. Chorea, Epilepsy.
  HIERAX, Aeeipiter.
  HIEROBOTAXE, A'erbena officinalis.
  HIEROGLYPIPICA, from 'tepos, 'holy,' and
ylvtpw, ' I  carve.'   A name given to the signs
employed in medicine ; and, also, to the folds in
the hands, feet, and  forehead, which afford chi-
romancy its pretended oracles.
  HIEROPYR, Erysipelas.
  HILL'S BALSAM OF HONEY, see  Balsam
of Honey, Hill's—h.  Essence of Bardana, Tinctura
guaiaci ammoniata.
  HILLBERRY, Gaultheria.
  HILL FEVER, see Fever, hill.
  HILOXT. (F.)Hilum, improperly Hilus.  A name
given by some writers to a small  blackish  tumour,
formed by the  protrusion  of the iris through  an
opening in the transparent cornea, so called from
its comparison with  the hile or  black mark pre-
sented by the vicia faba at one of its extremities.
In Botany, the Hile or Itilum is the cieatricula
of a seed, which  indicates the place  by which it
was  attached in  the cavity of the pericarp.   It
is the umbilicus of the  seed.  The fissure of the 
HILUS                  412               HISTOGENIA
Bpleen, kidney,  &c, is, also,  sometimes called
Hilua.
  HILUS, Hilon.
  IIilus  Liena'lis, Inciau'ra liena'lis.  The con-
cave part of the spleen.
  IIilus  Rena'lis, Inciau'ra rcndlis.   The con-
cave part of  the kidney.
  HIMANTOMA, see Himas.
  HtMANTOSIS, Himas.
  HIMAS, 'tpas,' a thong of leather.' The uvula;
likewise,  elongation, and extenuation of the uvula.
It is also called Himanto'si8, Himanto'ma.   See
Staphyl oedema.
  HIMEROS, Libido.
  HIP, Haunch—h. Bone, Ischium—h. Disease,
Coxarum morbus—h. Joint, Coxofemoral articu-
lation—h. Tree,  Rosa canina.
  HIP'PACE,  'tirnaxn,  from  'iiriros, 'a horse.'
Ca'seus Equi'nus. A cheese prepared from mare's
milk.
  HIPPANTHRO'PIA,  from 'aruos,  'a horse,'
and avSpwitos, ' a man.'  A variety of melancholy,
in which the patient believes himself changed to
a horse.   The Greek word 'iirxavSpwiros, means
the fabulous Centaur.
  HIPPASIA, Equitation.
  HIPPEIA, Equitation.
  HIPPEUSIS, Equitation.
  HIPPIATER, Hippiiitro8, Med'icus eqiia'rius.
A farrier.   A  horse  doctor.  Used also for one
who treats the diseases of other domestic animals;
 Veterina'riua, Mulomed'icua, Med'icus Veterina'-
rius, Zoi'dtrus.
  HIPPIATRI'A,  Hippial rica, Hippial rice,
Medicina equa'ria,  from 'tirttos,  'a horse,' and
tarpixy, 'medicine,' (F.) Hippiatrique.  A science,
whose  object is the knowledge of  the diseases of
the horse. It is sometimes made to include other
domestic animals.   See Areterinary art.
  HIPPIATRIQUE, Hippiatria.
  HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater.
  HIPPO, Euphorbia corollata—h. Indian, Gil-
lenia trifoliata.
  HIP P OCA MP E GRANDE, Cornu  ammonis.
  HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu ammonis.
  Hippocam'pus Minor, Pes hippocam'pi minor,
Pes hippopot'ami minor, Unguis,  U.Ads, U. Hal-
ted, O'crea, Collie'ulus ca'vea posterio'ris ventri-
culo'rum latera'lium, JJalcar a'vis,  Un'ciform Enl-
inence, (F.) Ergot, Eperon. A medullary tubercle
or projection,  observed  in the posterior cornu of
the lateral ventricle of the brain.
  HIPPOCENTAUREA  CENTAURIUM,  Chi-
ronia centaurium.
  HIPPOCRAS, Claret.
  HIPPOCRATES, CAP  OF, Bonnet d'Hippo-
crate—h. Sleeve,  Ghausse.
  HIPPOCRAT'IC, Hippocral icus.  Relating to
Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine,—asllip-
pocratic doctrine, Hippocratic face, &c.
   HIPPOC'RATIST.  A partisan of the Hippo-
cratic  doctrine.
   HIPPOGONYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equinae.
   HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex  patientia.
   HIPPOLITHUS,  Bezoard of the horse.
   HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peueedanum silaus.
   niPPOPATHOL'OGY, Hippopatholog" ia,
from 'nt-Kos,  'a horse, naSos, 'a disease,' and loyos,
 'a  discourse.'   The  science of  the diseases of
 the horse.   Pathology of the horse.
   HIPPOPHAGOUS, Equivorous.
   HIPPOPUS,  see Kyllosis.
   HIPPOS, Equus.
   HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   IIIPPOSTEOL'OGY,   Hippoateolog"ia,  from
 'i*~os, 'a horse,'  oareov, 'a bone,' and loyos, 'a
 discourse.'  Osteology of the horse.
  HIPPOT'OMY, Hippotom'ia, from 'aritos, 'a
horso,' and rtpvetv, ' to cut'  Anatomy  of tho
horse.
  HIPPU'RIA, from  'nrxos, 'a horse,' and otipov,
'urine,' because the urine contains hippuric acid,
which is found in the urine of the  horse.   A pa-
thological condition, in which there is an excess
of hippuric acid in the urine.
  HIPPURIC  ACID, see Acid, hippuric.
  HIPPU'RIS  VULGA'RIS,  from  Wo?,  'a
horse,' and ovpa, ' a tail.'   The systematic name
of the Horae'a Tail, Mare'a Tail, Eqiiise'tum mi-
nus, Equise'tum, (P.)  Prelc, Preale, Asprele.  It
is an astringent, and  frequently used, as tea, by
the .vulgar, in diarrhoea and hemorrhage.  The
same virtues  are attributed to the Equiae'tum ar-
ven'se, fluvialHe, limo'aum, &c.
  HIPPUS,  Equua,  Nietdtio,  from  'tirtros,  'a
horse.'  A disease of  the eyes, in which,  from
birth, they perpetually twinkle, like those of a
man on horseback. (?)  Also, a tremulous condition
of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations
of contraction  and dilatation of the pupil;  Iri-
dolromua, Tremor I'ridia.
  HIPS, Sax. heopa.   The  fruit of the dog-rose,
Rosa Cani'na:  chiefly used as a confection.  See
Confectio Rosae Caninae.
  HIRCIS'MUS,  Hirciis, Hirquus, from hirevs,
'a goat.'  Stinking like a goat: — applied espe-
cially to the odour of the secretions of the axilla.
  HIRCUS,  Canthus (greater),  Hircismus, Tra-
gus— h. Alarum, Cinabra.
  HIRQUITALITAS, from hircua, 'agoat,' Pa-
rapho'nia pu'berum. Goat's voice. See Egophony.
  HIRQUUS, Hircus, Canthus (greater), Hircis-
mus. Tragus.
  HIRSU'TIES,  Daa'yma, Das'ytes,  Tricho'sis,
Hirsu'ties, Hair'incss.  Growth of hairs on extra-
neous  parts,  or, superfluous growth on parts; as
in cases of bearded women. — Good.
  HIRU'DO,  The Leech,  Sanguisu'ga, Bdella.
In  medicine, the Hiru'do  Medicina'lis,  Bdella
Medicina'lis, or Medicinal  Leech, (F.) Sangsue,
is employed.   In the United States, II. dee'ora
is used.  The leech  lives  in  fresh water,  and
feeds on  the blood of animals, which it sucks,
after having pierced the skin with  its three sharp
teeth.   This  habit has been taken advantage of,
to produce local blood-letting.  In applying the
leech, the part must be wiped dry; and if  there
be  difficulty  in  making it suck, a little milk or
cream may be  applied.   AVhen satiated,  it will
drop off, and by applying a little  salt or vinegar
to its head it will disgorge the blood.  A good
English leech will take  about half an ounce of
blood, including that which flows by fomenting
the part subsequently. The American takes less.
   Hirudo Artificialis,  Antlia sanguisuga—h.
Decora, see Hirudo—h. Medicinalis, Hirudo.
   HIRUNDINARIA, Asclepias  vincetoxicum,
Lysiinachia nummularia.
   HIRUN'DO, Chelidon, from harendo, 'stick-
ing;'  because  it  sticks its  nests against the
houses. (?)   The Swallow.   The nests of tho
swallow  were   once  employed  as rubefacients,
boiled in vinegar.
   HISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
   HISPIDITAS, Dystoechiasis, Phalangosis.
   HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioieum.
   HISSING RESPIRATION, see Rdle sibilant.
   HISTIOLOGY, Histology.
   HISTODYAL'YSIS, from 'taros, 'organic tex-
 ture,'  and fitalvais, ' dissolution.'  A morbid dis-
 solution of the tissues.
   HISTOGENTA, Hietog"eny, from  'iaros, 'the
 organic texture,' and yeveats,  'generation.'  The
[ formation and development of the organic textures. 
niSTOLOGIA
443
HOMCEOZYG?
  HTSTOLOGTA, Histology.
  HISTOLOGICAL, Hiatolog"icna. Same ety-
mon as the next.   Relating  to histology.  Ap-
plied, also, at times, to the natural transforma-
tions  that occur in the tissues in the embryo, in
contradistinction to morphological, which applies
to the alterations in tho form  of the several parts
of the embryo.
   IIISTOL'OGY, Hietolocf'ia,  Histiology, Hia-
tiolog"ia, from 'taros, 'the organic texture,' and
Xoyos, 'a description.' Anatomy (general).  The
term  is,  also, more particularly appropriated to
the minute anatomy of the tissues.  See Anatomy.
   HISTOX'OMY, Hiatononlia, from 'taros' ' the
organic texture,' and vopos, 'law.' The aggregate
of laws, which preside  over  the formation and
arrangement of the organic tissues.
   HIS'TORY,  MED'ICAL, Hiato'ria Medicina.
A narration of the chief circumstances, and the
persons  connected with them, in the progress of
medicine.
   HIST'OS, 'taros,  ' the organic texture.'  Tex-
 tu'ra SCU Tela  organ'ica.
   1I1ST0T'0MA;, Histotom'ia from 'taros, 'orga-
 nic texture,' and ropn, ' incision.'   Dissection of
 the tissues.
   HIA'E SYRUP, Syrupus scillae compositus.
   HIA'ES, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria, A'ari-
 cella.  In Scotland, according to  Dr. Jameson,
 Hires or Hyres means any eruption of the skin,
 proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo-
 thian, it is used  to denote both the red and the
 yellow gum.   In the United  States, it is vaguely
 employed: most  frequently, perhaps,  for Urti-
 caria.
   Hives, Bold, Urticaria.
   HOARSEXESS, Raucedo.
    HOB-XAIL LlArER,  Cirrhosis of the liver.
 Liver, nutmeg.
    HOCK, Poples.
    HOG-LICE, Onisci aselli.
    HOOWORT, Heptallon graveolens.
    HOLAXEXCEPHA'LIA,  from 'olos, 'entire,'
  and anencephalia,  'absence of brain.'   Entire
  absence of brain,—the same as Anencephalia.—
  G. St. Hilaire.
    IIOLARTHRITIS, Hamarthritis.
    HOLCE, '„\xn, 'a dram.'—Galen.
    HOL'CIAIOS, 'olxipos, from'oXici?, 'a weight,'
  A tumour of the liver.
    IIOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum.
    I10LERA,  Cholera.
    HOLLAXDS. Gin.
    HOLLY, AMERICAXT, Hex opaca —h. Com-
  mon, Ilex aquifolium—h. Dahoon,  Ilex vomitoria
  — h. Ground, Pyrola maculata — h. Ground, Py-
  rola umbellata—h. Sea, Eryngium maritimum.
    HOLLYHOCK, COMMON, Alcea rosea.
    HOLMES AVEED, Scrophularia nodosa.
    HOLM!COS, Alveolus.
    HOLMOS,  Mortar.
    HOLOCYROX, Teucrium chamaepitys.
    HOLONARCO'SIS, from 'olos,  'whole,' and
   vioxuais'' stupor.'  Narcosis of the whole body.
   Torpcfactio unireraa'lis.
    Ho'LOPHLY/CTIDES, Phlyctnena.
    IIOLOSTEUM ALSINE, Alsiue media.
    HOLOSTEUS. Osteocolla.
    1IOLOTETANUS, see Tetanus.
    HOLOTONIA. Holotonicus, Tetanus.
    HOLOTOXTCUS, 'olos, 'the whole,' afidrmw,
   ' I stretch.'  Holoton'ia.   A spasm of the whole
   bodv.  A variety of tetanus.—Sauvages.
    HOLYWELL.  M1XERAL  AVATERS  OF.
   Holywell is a town in  AVales, and takes its name
   from  the famous well  of St. AVinifred.  It is  a
   simple cold water, remarkable for its purity.
     HOMAGRA, Omagra.
  HOMEOPATHY, Homoeopathy.
  HOMERDA, Stercus humanum.
  HOME'RIA  COLLI'NA.  A poisonous South
African plant, Nat. Ord. Irideae, the bulb of which
acts  as a violent acro-narcotic, producing fatal
results very speedily.
  HOMESICKNESS, Nostalgia.
  HOMICI'DAL, Truculen'.tua, Ferns, from homo,
'man,' and eado, ' I kill.' f Pertaining or relating
to homicide or the killing of man.
  Homicidal Insanity, Homicidal Manoma'ma,
(F.)  Monomanic homicide.   Insanity, with an ir-
resistible impulse to destroy life.
  HOMILIA, Coition.
  HOM'INY.   A word  of Indian derivation.
Maize or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken.
It is prepared for food by being mixed with water
and  boiled.
   Hominy, Wheaten, see Groats.
   HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis.
   HOMME, Homo.
   HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man,—the chief and most
perfect of the mammalia;  in Greek,  aiSw-os.
Anthro'poa, from  ava, 'upwards, and  Tpt-m, -I
turn;' because  man,  alone, of all animals, pos-
sesses the natural power of standing erect.   He
is, also,  the  only animal whose  incisor teeth,
wedged in a projecting jaw,  are absolutely ver-
tical.  Man is especially distinguished from  other
mammalia by the faculty, which he possesses, of
 classing bis  ideas;  comparing them with   each
 other; and connecting, representing, and trans-
 mitting them by signs and articulate sounds. He
 possesses, in the highest degree, all the attributes
 of intelligence, — memory, judgment, and imagi-
 nation.   He inhabits all countries, — the burning
 regions  of the  torrid zone, and the chilling at-
 mosphere of the polar climes.   In different  situa-
 tions, he presents, in his figure, colour, and sta-
 ture, differences which  have caused mankind to
 be divided by naturalists into races or varieties.
 The number of such races can only be approxi-
 mated.   Blumenbach admits five, the Caucasian,
 Ethiopian, Mongolian, Malay,  and .American.
 Every division must  necessarily be arbitrary, and
 the  individuals composing each variety are far
 from being alike.
   Homo Alatus, see Alatus.
   Homo Cauda'tus, 'Tailed man.'  A fabulous,
 tailed variety of the  human species, 'incolaorbis
 antarctici,' admitted by Linnaeus, although be is
 uncertain whether to  rank them  with men or
 apes!
   Homo Fatuus, Idiot.
   HOMOED'RUS,  from opov,  'together,' and
  eopa, ' seat'   Having  the same seat  Morbi ho-
  mo'edri:—diseases that have the same seat.
   HOMG30MORPHOUS, see Homology.
   HOMOEOPATH, Homceopathist.
    HOMQ30PATIPIC, Homoeopath'icus, Homce-
  ojlathea. Relating  to homoeopathy.
    IIOMOEOP'ATHIST,   Ho'mccopctth,  Homao-
  path'icua,Homceoputhis'ta,Homaopathis'tea. One
  who believes in homoeopathy.
    HOMOZOP'ATHY,  Homtvopathla,  Ars  homoe-
  opath'ica, Homeop'athy,  from 'opotos,  'like,' and
  ■xa^us,  'affection.'   A fanciful  doctrine,  which
  maintains, that disordered actions in  the human
  body are,to be  cured by inducing other  disor-
  dered actions of the same kind, and this  to be
  accomplished  by infinitesimally small doses, of-
  ten of apparently inert agents: the  dccillionth
  part of a grain  of  charcoal, for example, is an
  authorized  dose.
     HOMCflOZTGY,  from 'o/ioios. 'like,' and ^vyoat,
  ' I join together.'   (F.) S»i-pvur-soi.  The law 
HOMOETHNIA
444
HORSE  CANE
c f association of organs, by which like parts ad-
here to lik i parts.—Scrres.
  HOMOETHNIA, Sympathy.
  HOMOGENESIS,  see Generation.
  HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy.
  HOMOIO'SIS,  Homio'ai8, from 'opoiow,  'I re-
semble,'  ' I  assimilate.'  An  elaboration of the
nutritious juiee, by which it becomes proper for
assimilation.
  IIOMOLINON, see Apolinosis.
  HOM'OLOGUE, Homologua,  same etymon as
homology.   A term applied to the same organ in
different animals under every variety of form and
function.
  HOMOL'OGY,  from 'opoios, 'like,'  and loyos,
'a description.'  The doctrine  of similar parts.
Thus, the two sides  of the body are said to be
'homologous.'  Homologous, homomorph'oua, or
homceomoipilous tissnes,  are those that resemble
others ; in opposition to heterologous, heleroclite,
or heteromorph!ous,  which  are  new  formations.
Homology seems  now to  be accepted as the de-
signation of the doctrine  or study, the subject, of
which is the relations of  the parts of animal bo-
dies.—Owen.
  HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology.
  HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia.
  HOMOPIPAGUS, from 'wpos,  'raw,' and tpayw,
' I eat'   One who eats raw flesh.
  HOMOPLAS'TY,  Ilomoopla'sia,  from 'opoios,
'like,' and vlaaaw, 'I form.'  The formation of
homologous  tissues.
  HOMOPLATA, Scapula.
  HOMOT'ONOS, JEqudlis, from 'opos,  'equal,'
and rovos, ' tone.'  That which has the same tone.
A continued fever,  whose   symptoms have  an
equal intensity during the  whole course  of the
disease, has  been so called.   See Acmasticos, and
Synocha.
  HONESTY, Lunaria rediviva.
  HONEAVORT, FIELD, Sison amomum.
  HONEY,  Mel—h.  Balsam of, Hill's, see Mel-
fa. Bloom, Apocynum androsaemifolium  — h. of
Borax, Mel boracis—h. Clarified, Mel despumatum
— h. Prepared, Mel  praeparatum — h. of  Roses,
Mel rosae—h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillae
compositus.
  HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Reticulum.
  HONEYSUCKLE, BUSH, Diervilla trifida.
  HONEY SUGAR, Glucose.
  HONGLANE, Coptis teeta.
  HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus.
  HONORARIUM,  Sostrum.
  HONTEUX, Pudic.
  HOODAVORT, Scutellaria lateriflora.
   HOOK, Sax. hoce, hooc,  Dutch,  hoeck,  Un-
cii8,  Une"inns, Anc'yra, (F.) Erigne, Airigne ou
Erine. An instrument, consisting of a steel wire,
flattened at the middle, and having the extremi-
ties  crooked and pointed.   Some hooks are fur-
nished with  a handle at one extremity—the other
having one or two hooks ;—constituting the single
or double hook.  The hook is used by anatomists
and surgeons to lay hold  of, and raise up, certain
parts, the dissection of which is delicate,  or which
would slip from the fingers.
   The Tenaculum is  a variety of the hook.
   Hook, Blunt, Ich'thya, Icllthye, Onyx. Unguis
ferr'eus.  An instrument which is passed over
the  flexures  of the  joints  to assist  in  bringing
down the foetus in parturition.         *
   HOOP TREE, Melia azedarach.
   HOOPER'S  PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhce.
   HOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis —h.  Roche's
Embrocation for, see Roche.
   HOSPITAL, Hospital.
   HOPLOCHRIS'MA, from 'oirlov, 'a  weapon,'
and  %ptapa,  '-salve.'   Unguen'tum  anna'rium,
Arm'atory  Unguent.   A salve which was  sup-
posed to cure wounds by sympathy,—the instru-
ment with which tho wound was inflicted being
anointed with it.
  HOPLOMOCTFLION,'ojrAo/^xAioi', from'oirAov,
'a weapon,' and polios, 'a lever.'  The name of
an iron machine or apparatus, which embraced the
whole body like  armour.   A figure of it  is given
by Fabricius ab Aquapendcnte.
  HOP PILLOAV,   see Humulus lupulus — h.
Plant, Humulus  lupulus.
  HOQUET, Singultus.
  HORA,  Hebe.
  HORiEA, Menses.
  HOR.EOTES, Maturity.
  HORDEI MALTUM, Malt.
  HORDE'OLUM, diminutive of Hordeum, 'bar-
ley.' Orde'olnm, Poa'fhia,  Sclerophthalmia, Cri-
the, Crithid'ion, Crythe,  Stye,  Styan, (F.) Or-
gelet,  Orgeotet.   A small,  inflammatory  tumour,
of the nature of a boil,  which  exhibits itself near
the free edge of the  eyelids, particularly near the
inner angle of the eye.
  HOR'DEUM, Or'deum, Crithe.  The seeds of
Hordeum vulgdre, or Scotch Barley, are ranked
amongst the Cerealia.   (F.) Orge.  They afford
a mucilaginous  decoction, which is employed as
a diluent  and antiphlogistic.   The  seeds of the
Hordeum die'tichon, H. astlvum, Zeoc'riton dia'-
tichitm, and H hexaa'tichon possess  similar pro-
perties. Barley is freed from its shells in mills,
forming the Hor'deum mundtltum seu decortica'-
turn seu excortica'tum ; and,  at times, is rubbed
into small, round grains,  somewhat  like pearls,
when it is called Hordeum perla'tnm, Pearl Bar-
ley, (F.) Orge perle, and forms the Hordeum denu-
tatum seu palatum, the Hordei sem'ina tu'nicia
nuda'ta, of the pharmacopoeias, — Hordeum (Ph.
U. S.)
  Hordeum Causticum, Veratrum sabadilla—h.
Decorticatum, see Hordeum—h. Denudatum, see
Hordeum — h. Excorticatum, see Hordeum — h.
Galacticum, Oryza—h. Mundatum, see Hordeum
— h. Perlatum,  see Hordeum.
  HOREHOUND, Marrubium—h. Black, Bal-
lota foetida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupatorium
teucrifolium—h. Stinking, Ballota foetida — h.
AVater, Lycopus sinuatus,  Lycopus Virginicus—
h. AVild, Eupatorium teucrifolium.
  HORME, Instinct.
  HORMINUM, Salvia horminum —h. Colora,
tum, Salvia horminum—h. Sativum, Salvia hor-
minum.
  HORMON, Enormon.
  HORN, Cornu.
  HORNSEED, Ergot.
  HORNY EXCRES'CENCES, Lepido'aia, Ich-
thyi'aaia cornig"era,  Cor'nua cuta'nea, (F.) Cornel
de la Peau.  Certain excrescences, which occa-
sionally form on some part of the skin, and re-
semble, in shape, the horns of an animal.
  Horny  Substance, see  Tooth.
  HORRENTIA, Horripilation.
  HOR'RIDA  CUTIS, Gooae-ekin,  Cutia anse-
rina, Dermatospaamua. A state of the  skin ac-
companying the rigor of an intermittent.
   HORRIPILA'TION,  Horripild Ho,  Horror,
Horren'tia, Phrice,  Phricas'mua,  Phriei'asis,
Phri'cia, from horrere, 'to bristle up,' and pilna,
'hair.'  (F.) Horripilation, Friaaonminient.  Ge-
neral chilliness, preceding fever,and accompanied
with bristling of the hairs over the body.
   HORROR, Horripilation — h.  Ciborum, Dis-
gust for food.
   HORSE BALM,  Collinsonia Canadensis.
   HORSE CANE, Ambrosia trifida. 
HORSE  CHESTNUT
445
HUMERUS
  nORSE   CHESTNUT,  .Esculus  hippocasta-
num.
  HORSE  TRUST, Crusta genu equina;.
  HORSEFLY AVEED, Sophora tinctoria.
  I10KSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda coc-
cinea and  M. punctata — h. Sweet,  Cunila ma-
riana.
  HORSE  RADISH, Cochlearia armoracia.
  HORSE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris.
  HORSEWEED,  Ambrosia trifida, Collinsonia
Canadensis.
  HORTULUS OUPIDINIS, Vulva.
  HORTUS. Vulva —h. Siccus, Herbarium.
  HOS'PITAL, primarily from hoapea, 'a  guest'
Nosocomi'um, Adyiiatocomi'um, Adynatodochl-
um, Xenotlocc' urn, Xenodoche'um, Infirm'ary, In-
firina'rium, lufirmttto'rium, Nosodoehlum, Vale-
tndiua'rium, (F.) HGpital.  An  establishment for
the reception of the sick, in which they are main-
tained and treated medically.  Hospitals were
first instituted about the end of the 4th century;
a period at which  the word voaoxopctov was em-
ployed, for the first time, by St. Jerome.   They
may be general,  receiving all cases; or special,
admitting only the subjects of certain diseases.
   Hos'pital  Gangrene,  Phageda'na gangra-
no'sa,  Putrid  or  Malignant Ulcer,  Gangra'na
Nosoeomio'rum seu Nosocomia'lis, Sphac"elus no-
Bocomia'lis, Hos'pital Sore, Gangra'na contagio'-
sa, Putre'ilo,(F.) Pourriture bu Gangrene  d'h6pi-
tal.  Gangrene, occurring in wounds or  ulcers,
in  hospitals the  air of which  has been vitiated
by the accumulation of patients,  or  some other
 circumstance.  Hospital gangrene—many differ-
 ent varieties of which are  met with, and  always
 accompanied or  preceded by fever—commonly
 commences with suppression of the suppuration
 of the wound, which becomes covered  with  a
 grayish  and  tenacious  sanies.   The  gangrene
 then manifests itself.  It extends from the centre
 of the ulcerated surface towards the edges ; these
 become swollen, painful, and  everted; and the
 patient dies with  all the signs of typhus.   The
 treatment  must be varied according to circum-
 stances.  Sometimes, it requires the use of sti-
 mulating,  acid, caustic, and antiseptic applica-
 tions ;  with,  occasionally, the actual cautery,
 aided  by the exhibition  of tonics, internally : —
 at others,  the antiphlogistic regimen and emol-
 lient applications may be necessary.
   Hospital, Leper, Ladrerie.
   HOSTIARIUS, Pylorus.
   HOT  SPRINGS, see Virginia,  mineral wa-
 ters of.
   HOUIiLON, Humulus lupulus.
   HOUGH, Poples.
   1IOUXDS' TONGUE, Cynoglossum.
   HOUPPE NERVE USE, see Papilla —A. du
 Menton, Depressor labii inferioris, Levator labii
 inferioris.
   HOURGLASS   CONTRACTION  OF  THE
 UTERUS, see Chaton.
   IIOUSELEEK, Sempervivum  tectorum — h.
 Small, Sedum.
   HOUSEMAID'S  KNEE,  seo  Knee,  house-
 maid's.
   HOUSE-PUPIL, see Ilouse-Surgeon.
   HOUSE-SURGEON, Resident Surgeon.  Usu-
 ally a senior house-pupil or graduate, who attends
 in an hospital, to every  accident and disease, in
 the absence of the  attending physician  or sur-
 geon.^ It answers, in the British  hospitals,  to
 the E/ecc interne or Interne of the French.  The
 Eleve externe or Externe is a  less advanced pu-
 pil; from  whom Jnternes are chosen.  In ordi-
 dinary schools, Eleve externe  means a day-scho-
 lar: whilst Eleve interne means a boarder.
  HOUX, Hex aquifolium—h. Petit, Ruscus —
h. Apttlacliine, Ilex vomitoria.
  HUACACACHU, Datura sanguinea.
  HUACO, Guaco.
  IIUANU, Guano.
  HUCKLEBERRIES,  see  Gaylussacia, and
Vaccinium.
  HUCKLEBONE, Ischion.
  HUDSON'S  PRESERVATIVE FOR THE
TEETH  AND  GUMS, see Tinctura Myrrhse.
  HUILE, Oil — h. d'Absinthe, Artemisia absin-
thium  (oil  of) — h.  d'Acajou,  see Anacardium
occidentale.
  HUILE  ACOUSTIQUE (F.), Oleum  acus'ti-
cum, Acoustic oil.  An oil for deafness, prepared
of olive oil, ^ij ;  garlic, ox-gall, and bay-leaves,
each gj i boiled for  a quarter  of  an  hour,  and
strained.
  HUILE D'AMANDES, Oleum  amygdalarum
— h. d'Aneth, see Anethum graveolens — h. Ani-
mate,  Oleum animate — h.  Animate de  Dippel,
Oleum animale Dippelii — h. Animalisee  par in-
fusion, Oleum  animalizatum per infusionem — h.
d'Anis, see  Pimpinella anisum — h. Aromatique,
Oleum animalizatum  per  infusionem — //.. d'Au-
rone, Artemisia abrotanum (oil of)—h. de Cacao,
Butter of cacao — h. de Cade, see Juniperus oxy-
cedrus — h. de Carvi, Carum (oil) — h. de Cedrat,
Oleum cedrinum — h. de petits Chiens,  Oleum
animalizatum per infusionem — h. de Come de
Cerf, Oleum animale Dippelii — h. de Foie de Mo-
rue, Oleum Jecoris aselli — h. de Gabian, Petro-
laeum — h.  de Gerofie, see Eugenia caryophyllata
— h. de Laurier,  Unguentum lauriuum—h. de
Lin, see Linum  usitatissimum —  h. de Lis,  see
Lilium candidum — h. de 3Iorelle, see Solanum—
h. de Morue, Oleum jecinoris aselli — /;. de Noix,
see  Juglans  cinerea — h.  d'CCillette,  Papavcr
(oil)—h. de Ricin, see Ricinus communis — h. de
Suecin, see Succinum — h. Vcrte, Balsam, green,
of Metz—h. de Vin douce, Oleum aethereum.
   HUILES ANIMALES,  Olea  animalia — h.
Empyreumatiques, Olea empyreumatica — h.  Es-
8entielles, Olea volatilia — h. Fixes ou  Grasses,
Olea. fixa — h.  Fugaces, Olea fugacia — h. Medi-
cinalea, Olea medicinalia—h. Volatile!, Olea vo-
latilia.
   HUIT DE  CHIFFRE.  Figure of 8.  A ban-
dage  in which the turns are crossed in the form
of the figure 8.  Such is the bandage used after
bleeding from  the arm.
   HUITO, Genipa oblongifolia.
   HUiTRE, Ostrea.
   HUM, ATENOUS, Bruit de diable.
   HUMBLE,  Rectus inferior oculi.
   HUMECTAN'TIA.  A  name formerly given
to drinks, which appeared to possess the property
 of augmenting the fluidity of the blood.
   HU'MERAL, Ilumerdlis. That which belongs
 to, or is connected with, the arm or humerus.
   Hu'meral Ar'tery,  Arte'ria humera'lia, see
 Brachial artery.
   HUMERO-CUBITAL, Brachials anterior —
 h.  Sus-metaearpien,  see Radialis — h. Sus-radial,
 Supinator radii longus.
  ^HU'MERUS,  Scdpula, Omos, Armus, (F.)
 Epaule.  The most  elevated part of 'he  arm.
 The bones,  which concur in forming it, are: —
 the scapula, head of  the humerus, and the clavi-
 cle, united together by strong ligaments, and co-
 vered by'numerous muscles.
   Hu'merus,  Os hu'meri,  Os brdchii,  Os ftdju-
 to'rium, Os brachia'le, Bra'chium, Lacer'tus,  is
 the cylindrical,  irregular bone of the arm ; tho
 upper extremity of which has a hemispherical head
 connected with the scapula; and two tuberosities
 or tubercles, a greater and tester,  for the attach- 
HUMEUR
446
nYALOID
ment of muscles, between which is the Bicip'ital
groove  or Fossa.  At the inferior extremity may
be remarked — the inner condyle, the outer con-
dyle; the small head,  which is articulated with
the radius; the trochlea articulated with the ulna,
&c.  The humerus is developed by seven points
of ossification: — one for  the body; one for the
head; one for  the greater tuberosity; one for the
trochlea; one for the epitrochlea;  one for the epi-
condyle ; and another for the lesser head.
  Humerus Summus, Acromion.
  HUMEUR  AQUEUSE, Aqueous humour —
h. Crystalline, Crystalline — h. Hyalo'ide, Corpus
vitreum.
  HUME UPS FRO IDES, Scrofula.
  HUMIDE RAD WALE, Humidum radicale.
  HUMIDUM NATIVUM, H. radicale—h. Na-
tivum  Articulorum,  Synovia—h. Primigenium,
H. radicale.
  Hu'midum Radica'lE, Hu'midum primige'nium
seu  Natlvum seu Semina'le, Radical Moisture,
(F.) Humide radicale.   Names formerly  given to
the liquid which was conceived to give flexibility
and proper consistence to the different organic
textures.
  Humidum Seminale, H. radicale.
  HUMILIS, Rectus inferior oculi.
  HUMILUS, Humulus lupulus.
  HUMOR, Humour—h.  Albugineous, Aqueous
humour—h. Articularis, Synovia—h. Ceruminous,
Cerumen—h. Doridis, AVater, sea—h. Genitalis,
Sperm—h. Glacialis, Crystalline, Corpus vitreum
— h. Hyalinus seu Hyaloides, Corpus vitreum —
h. Lacteus, Milk—h. Lachrymalis, Tear—h. Me-
lancholicus, see Mercurialis—h.  Mercurialis, see
Mercurialis—h. Morgagnianus, Morgagni, humor
of—h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour — h. Oviformis,
Aqueous humour—h. Pericardii,  see Pericardium
— h. Purulentus, Pus—h. Seminalis, Sperm—h.
Venereus,  Sperm — h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum.
   HU'MORAL,  Humordlia, from  humere,  'to
moisten.'  Proceeding from,  or  connected with,
the humours.
  HU'MORISM,  Hu'moral Pathology, Patho-
log"ia  humera'lis.   A medical theory,  founded
exclusively on the parts which the humours were
considered to play  in the production of disease.
Although traces of this system may be found in
tho most remote antiquity, the creation, or, at all
events, the arrangement of it may be attributed
to Galen, who enveloped  it in metaphysical sub-
tleties relating to the union between the elements
and the four cardinal humours.
   HU'MORISTS.  The Galenical physicians, who
attributed all  diseases to the depraved state of the
humours, or to vicious juices collected in the body.
   HUMOUR, Humor,  Hygrdaia,  Hygre'don,
Hygrum.  Every fluid substance of an organized
body; — as the  blood, chyle, lymph, &c.  The
Humours,  xvl'ol> Chymi,  Humo'res, differ consi-
 derably as to  number and  quality in the  different
 species  of organized  beings; and  even in the
 same species, according to the state of health or
 disease.  The ancients reduced them  to four;
 which they called car'dinal humoura:—the blood,
 phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile.
 A modern classification of the humours is given
 under Fluid.
   HUMP.  Perhaps from umbo, ' the boss of a
 buckler.'  Hunch,  Gibber, Gibbua, Gibba, Tuber,
 (F.) Boaae.  A prominence, formed by  a devia-
 tion of the bones of the trunk.   Commonly, it  is
 formed by the spine or sternum, and is seated at
 the* posterior or anterior  part of the  trunk.  It
 may, also, be produced by deviation of the  ribs
 or pelvis.  The  spine may be  curved  in three
 principal  directions.   1.  Backwards,  the most
 common case; this the ancients called xvipwais,
Cypho'aie, Gibboa'itaa. 2. Forward*, loptiwou, Lor-
do'aia,  Recurva'lio; and, 3. Laterally, oxoliwats,
Scolio'eia, Obatipa'tio.  Most curvatures occur at
a very  early age, and are caused by  scrofula,
rickets, &c. ;  and,  not unfrequently, they  are
accompanied by caries of the vertebrae.  See Arer-
tebral disease.
  HU'MULUS LU'PULUS, Lu'pnlus,  L. scan-
dens seu commu'nia seu aalicta'riua, Humulus, Con-
volvulus peren'nis, the Hop-plant.  Nat. Ord. Ur-
ticeae.   (F.) Houblon, Vignc du nord.   Its cones
or strobiles, Ilu'muli strob'ili (Ph. L.), Humulua
(Ph. U. S.), have a  fragrant odour; and a bitter,
aromatic taste, depending on a peculiar principle,
named  Lu'pulin, extractive and essential  oil,
which  may be  extracted,  equally, by water  and
spirit, from the dried strobiles.   The hop is  em-
ployed as a tonic and hypnotic, and enters  into
the composition of ale and beer.
  The Hop pillow,  Pulri'nar Hu'muli, has long
been used for producing sleep.
  HUNCH, Hump.
  HUXGARICA FEBRIS, Fever, Hungary.
  HUNGER,  Anglo-Saxon, hunjer, Fames, Li-
moa, Peine, Peina, Eau'riea, Jeju'nium,Jeju'nitas,
Esuril'io, Esuri'go,  (F.)  Faim.   The necessity
for taking food. Hunger is an internal sensation,
which some authors  have attributed to the fric-
tion between   the  sides of  the  stomach in its
empty state; others,  to the compression of the
nerves, when  the organ is contracted; others, to
the action of the gastric juice, &c.  It is dictated
by the wants of the system : — farther we know
not.  See Appetite.
  HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapeia.
  HUNGRY,  Famelicus,  Llm\cua, Limo'dea;
same etymon.  Affected with hunger.
  IIURA  BRASILIEN'SIS,  Assaeou, Assaeu,
 Ussacii. A Brazilian tree, of the Family Euphor-
biaceae, which, in the form of the extract of the
bark, is esteemed  a specific in  leprosy.  It is,
also,  given in elephantiasis, and as an anthel-
mintic.
  HYACINTH, AVILD, Scilla  esculenta.
  HYACINTIIUS  MUSCARI,  Bulbus  vomi
torius.
  HYiENAN'CHE  GLOBO'SA. An arborescent
shrub  of South Africa, Nat.  Ord. Euphorbiaceae,
the fruit of which, pounded, is used to destroy
hyaenas and other beasts  of prey, and  seems to
contain strychnia.
   HYALEUS, Hyaline.
   HVALINE, Hyalinus, Hyale'v.s, Vit'reua.
 Vit'reoits.  Glassy.   Resembling glass.
   Hyaline Substance, Cytoblastema.
   HYALI'TIS, Infiamma'tio tu'nica hyalo'idem,
from hyaloid,  and itis, denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane of the eye.
   HY'ALOID, Hyalo'dea,Hyal6ldes, from 'valos,
 'glass,' and ethos, 'resemblance.'  A'itriform; re-
 sembling glass.
   Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane.
   Hyaloid Fossa, Foasa Ilyalo'idea, is a  cup-
like excavation in the vitreous  humour, in which
 the crystalline is imbedded.
   Hy'aloid Membrane, Tu'nica Hyalu'idea,Mem-
 bra'na Arachno'i'dea, T. vilrea, is the extremely
 delicate membrane, which forms the exterior co-
 vering of the  vitreous humour, and  transmits
 within it prolongations, which divide it into cells.
 Fallopius discovered this  membrane, and gave it
 the name Hyaloid.  On a level with the entrance
 of the optic nerve  into  the  eye,  the hyaloid
 membrane has been described  as forming, by re-
 flection,  a cylindrical  canal, which pierces the
 vitreous humour from behind to before, as far as
 the posterior part of the crystalline.  See Canal,
 hyaloid. 
                HYALONIXIS

  IIYALONIXIS, see Cataract.
  1IVALOXYXIS, see Cataract.
  HYALOS, Vitrum.
  HVAXCHE, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  IIV BO MA, Gibbositas.
  HYBRID, (F.) Hybride, from the Greek, 'vfots,
'v,3piSos, ' mongrel.'  A being born of two differ-
ent species, — as the mule.  The term is applied
to plants as well as to animals.   The result is
termed Hybridity.  Hybrid is often, also, used to
designate words which are formed from two dif-
ferent languages, — as uter-itis, for inflammation
of the uterus, in place of metritis.
  IIYBRIDITY, see Hybrid.
  IIYDA RTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus.
  1IYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus.
  HY'DATID,  Hy'datia,  Bulla,  Aqu'ula,  Hy-
dro'a,  Hydrocys'tis,  Hygrocys'tis,  Tania hytla-
ticfena, Echinococ'cits humdnua, from 'vbwp,  ' wa-
ter.'   This  name was  long  given to every en-
cysted tumour which contained an aqueous  and
transparent  fluid.   Many  pathologists,  subse-
quently, applied it to vesicles, softer than the
tissue of membranes, more  or  less transparent,
which  are developed within organs, but without
adhering to their tissue. It is by no means  clear
that these  formations are  really entozoa.   They
have been  found in various  parts of the body;
sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly
similar to those of pregnancy, but being  sooner
or later expelled.  The expulsion is generally at-
tended with more or less hemorrhage.   See  Ace-
phalocystis.
  Hydatis,  Aqu'ula, Phlycta'nula, Verru'ca  Pal-
pebrarum,  Milium, also, meant a small, transpa-
rent tumour of the eyelids.—Galen, C. Hoffmann.
  HYDATIDES CERVICIS UTERI, Nabothi
glandulae.
  HYDATIDOCE'LE, Hydatoce'le, from  'vbans,
'hydatid,' and xnln, 'a  tumour.'   Oscheocele
containing hydatids ; the Oscheocele hydatido'sa,
Hydatidoscheoce'le of Sauvages.
  HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid.
  HYDATIDO'MA,  from  'vbans,  'hydatid.'  A
tumour caused by hydatids.
  HYDATIDOSCIIEOCELE, Hydatidocele.
  HYDATIXUS, Hydatoid.
  HYDATIS EIXXA, Cysticercus cellulosae.
  HYDATIS'MUS, from  'vSwp, 'water.'  The
noise caused by the fluctuation of pus contained
in an abscess.—Aurelian, Fue.-ius.
  HYDATOCELE Hydatidocele,  Hydrocele.
  HYDATOCIPOLOS, from  'vbwp, 'water,'  and
^0X7, 'bile.'   Aquoao-bilioua.  An  epithet given
to evacuated matters when mixed with water and
bile.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
  IIYDATODES, Aqueous.
  HY'DATOID, Hydatoi'dea, A'queous,  Aquo'-
8118,  Hydato'dea, Hydalinus, Hydatido'des,  Hy-
datidoi'dea, from 'v&*>p, 'water,' and  eibos,  're-
semblance'  AVatery.  Resembling water.  This
name has  been  given  to  the membrane  of the
aqueous humour; and,  also, to the aqueous hu-
mour itself.    Pi'iiimi hydato'dea ; wine and water.
  HYDATONCUS, Anasarca, CEdema.
  HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  'vbwp,  'water,'   and
iroffic, 'drinking.  AVater-driuking;—hence
  HYDATOP'OTES.   A water-drinker.
  HYDERICUS, Hvdropic.
  HYDERODES, Hydropic.
  HYDERONCUS, Anasarca, CEdema.
  HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops.
  HYDOR, 'vSwp,  and Hydaa, 'vbas, 'genitive,'
'vbaros, ' water.'  Hence:
  HYDRACIINIS, see Varicella.
  HYDRADEN, Conglobate  gland.
7              HYDRARGYRI

  nYDRADENI'TIS,/ii/amma'fi'o^('aiir7i(i'a'i-((M
lymphaticdrum, from Hydraden, ' a  lymphatic
gland,' and itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of a lymphatic gland.
  HYDR^E'DUS, from 'v&wp, 'water,' and aibota,
'genital organs.'  CEdema of the female organs.
  HYDREMIA, Hydroaemia.
  HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues.
  HYDRAGOGIA,  Hydragogues.
  HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues.
  HY'DRAGOGUES, Hydrago'ga, Hydrago'gia,
Hydrago'gica, Hydrop'ica,  Hydrot'ica, Aquidil-
ca,  from  'vbwp, ' water,'  and ayw, ' I expel.' Me-
dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum
effused into any part of the body.   These are
generally cathartics or diuretics.
  HYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI, Argenti nitras.
  HYDRALLANTE, False Waters.
  HYDRALM^E, AVaters, mineral (saline).
  HYDRAM'NIOS,  from   'vbwp, 'water,' and
' amnio8.'  An  excessive quantity of  the liquor
amnii.
  HYDRAN'GEA ARBORES'CENS, Wild Hy-
dran'gea, Bissum.  An indigenous plant, which
flowers in July. The leaves are said, to be tonic,
sialagogue, cathartic, and diuretic.
  HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  HYDRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels.
  HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA,  Angeiohydrogra-
phy.
  HYDRANGIOTOMIA, Angeiohydrotomy.
  HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydrargyren-
trip'sis, from 'vbpapyvpos, ' quicksilver,' and ava-
rpt\l(f, ' rubbing in.'  The rubbing in of a prepa-
ration of quicksilver:—Hydrargyrotrip'sis.
  HYDRARGYRENTRl'PSIS,  Hydrargyrana-
tripsis.
  HYDRARGYRI ACETAS, Hydrargyrus ace-
tatus—h. Bichloridum, H. oxymurias—h. Bicya-
nidum, H. cyanuretum—h. Biniodidum, H. iodi-
dum rubrum—h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum
—h. Bisulphuretum,  II. sulphuretum rubrum—h.
Borussias, H.  cyanuretum — h.  Bromidum, see
Bromine — h.  Calx  alba, Hydrargyrum praeeipi-
tatum—h. Chloridum, H. submurias — h. Chlori-
dum  corrosivum, H. Oxymurias — h. Chloridum
mite,  H.  submurias.
  Hydrar'gyri Cyanure'tum,  H. Boms'sias, H.
Bicyan'idnm,  Hydrar'gyrum  Cyanogena'tum, H.
Hydrocyan'icum, Prussias Hydrar'gyri, Cyan'11-
ret  or Prussiate of Mercury, (E.) Cyanure de Mcr-
cure.  (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret. ijiv: Hydrarg.oxid.
rubr.  ^iij, vel q. s.; Aqua destillat. Oiij.  Put
the ferro-cyanuret and three ounces of the oxide
of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly
mixed together, into a glass vessel, and pour on
two pints of the distilled water.  Boil the  mix-
ture,  stirring constantly; and if, at the end of
half an hour,  the blue color remains,  add small
portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing tho
ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellow-
ish  colour; then filter through paper.  AYash the
residue in a pint of the distilled  water,  and filter.
Mix the solution and evaporate  till a pellicle ap-
pears, and set  the liquor aside, that crystals may
form.   To purify the crystals,  subject it to re-
solution, evaporation, and crystallization. — Ph.
U.  S.)  This preparation has been  strongly re-
commended as a powerful  antisyphilitic, and is
admitted into  the Parisian codex.   Twelve to
twenty-four grains may be dissolved in a quart
of distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls of
the solution be tiken daily, in a glass of any ap-
propriate liquid.
  Hydrargyri Deuto-iodidum, H. Iodidum rn-
brum.
4^ 
HYDRARGYRI              44a              HYDRARGYRI
  Hydrargyri Deuto-ioduretum, see Iodine—
h. Hypcroxodes, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  Hydrargyri  Iod'idum, H. J'rotoiod'idum seu
Proto-iodure'tum seu  Subiod'idum,  Hydrar'gy-
rum loddtum flavum,  Iod'idum seu lodure'tum
hydrargyro'sum,  Hydrar'gy mm  iodidula'tum,
J'rotoiodure1turn mercu'rii, I'odide  or Protlodide
of Mercury,  (F.) Protiodure de Mrrcurc, (Hy-
drarg. 5 j, lotlin. Jv, Alcohol q. s.  Rub the mer-
cury an.i iodine together, adding sufficient alco-
hol to form a soft paste, and continue the tritura-
tion till the  globules disappear.  Dry the iodide
in the dark, with a gentle heat, and  keep it in a
well-stopped bottle, the light excluded. — Ph. U.
S.)  For properties and closes, see Iodine.
   Hydrargyri,  Iodidum  Chloridi,  Mercury,
iodide of chloride of.
   Hydrargyri Iodidum  Rubrum, H.  Biniod-
idum seu Deuto-ioclidum  seu  Deuto-iodure'turn
seu Periotlidum, Hydrarg'yrum ioda'tum rubrum
seu  Bi ioda'tum seu Per ioda'tum, lode'tum seu
Iod'idum Hyd.rargyr'icum, Deuto-iodure'turn mer-
cu'rii, Red I'odide, Bini'odide,  Deutlodide and
Perlodide of Mercury, (F.) Deutiodure ou Peri-
odtire tie Mercurc.  (Hydrarg. corros. chlorid. |jj,
Potassii Iodid. 5Jx, Aqua destillat. Oij.  Dissolve
the  chloride in a pint  and a half, and the iodide
of potassium in half a  pint of distilled water, and
mix the solutions.  Collect the precipitate on a
filter, and, having washed it with distilled water,
dry it with  a moderate heat, and keep it in a
well-stopped bottle.—Ph.  U. S.)  For properties
and doses, see Iodine.
   Hydrargyri Murias basi Oxydi imperfecti,
H. oxymurias—h. Murias corrosivum, II. oxymu-
rias— h. Murias dulcis subliniatus, H. submurias
—h. Oxygenatus, H. Oxymurias—h. Murias spi-
rituosus liquidus, Liquor hydrargyri  oxymuriatis
—h. Murias suboxygenatus praecipitatione para-
tus. Hydrargyrum precipitatum.
   Hydrargyri Nitras, Nitras Hydrar'gyri in
crystallos concre'tus, Nitrate of Mercury.  It is
employed in syphilis; and, externally,  in fun-
gous, obstinate ulcers.
   It is used in the formation of the Soluble Mer-
cury of Hahnemann.
   An acid nitrate  of  mercury, Liquor Hydrar'-
gyri supernitra'tis, Solution of supernitrate of
mercury, Solution of supernitrate of deutoxide of
mercury, made by dissolving four parts of mercury
in eight of nitric acid, and evaporating the solu-
tion to nine parts, has been used as a caustic in
malignant ulcerations  and cancerous affections.
   Ward's White Drops,—a once celebrated anti-
scorbutic nostrum,—were prepared by dissolving
mercury in nitric acid, and adding a solution of
carbonate of ammonia  ; or, frequently, they con-
sisted of a solution of sublimate with carbonate of
ammonia.
   Hydrargyri Ni'trico-oxydum, Hydrargyms
nitra'tua ruber, Mercu'rius corroai'vua ruber, Mer-
curiua pracipitdtua corroai'vua, M. pracipitdtua
ruber, Area'num coralli'num, Mercurius  coralll-
nua, Pulvis prin'cipia, Pracipitdtus ruber, Ox'-
ydum hydrar'gyri comple'tum, 0. hydrargyr'icum,
Panace'a mercu'rii rubra, Pulvia  Joan'nia  de
 Vigo, Oxo'des  hydrargyri  rubrum, Hyperoxo'des
hydrargyri, Ox'ydum hydrar'gyri nit'ricum, Oxy-
dum hydrargyri rubrum per ac"idumnil ricum,Hy-
drar'gyri oxydum rubrum, (Ph.  U. S.) Nitric ox-
ide of mercury, Red precip'itatc, (F.)  Oxide ni-
ti ique de mercure.  (Hydrarg. ^xxxvj ;  Acid, ni-
tric, f^xviij; Aqua Oij.   Dissolve the mercury
with a gentle  heat, in the  acid and water pre-
viously mixed, and evaporate to dryness.  Rub
into powder, and heat in a very  shallow vessel
till red vapours cease  to rise.—Ph. U.  S.)  It is
a stimulant  and  escharotic, and used as such in
foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in  fino
powder, or united with lard into au ointment
  Hydrargyri  Oxodes  Rubrum,  Hydrargyri
nitrico-oxydum—h. Oxydi murias amnioniacalis,
Hydrargyrum praeeipitatum — h. Oxydulum ni-
grum, H. Oxydum cinereum.
  Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Cine'reum,  Oxydum
hydrargyri nigrum, JEthiopa per at; Mercu'rius
niger Moaca'ti, Oxydum hydrargyro'anm, Oxydum
hydrargyr'icum  pracipita'tum,  Oxyd'ulum hy-
drar'gyri  nigrum,  Pulda mercuritt'lia  cine'reus,
Mercuriua cine'reua, Turpe'thum nigrum, Mercu-
riua pracipiita'tiia niger,  Gray or  Black oxide of
Mercury,  (F.) Oxide  de mercure cendre,  Oxide
gris  ou noir de  mercure, Protoxide  de mercure.
This oxide is made  in various ways.   It may bo
formed by boiling submuriate of mercury in limo
water.   The dose of this Pulvia Hydrargyri rinc-
reua  is from two to ten grains.   There are four
other preparations  of it in estimation, viz: —
Plenck'a solution, made by rubbing mercury with
mucilage.  2. By rubbing equal  parts of sugar
and mercury together.  3. A compound of honey
or liquorice  and purified mercury.   4. The blue
pill and ointment.  All these possess the usual
properties of mercury.
  The Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum of the. Ph. U,
S. is made as follows :— Hydrarg. Chlorid. mit.,
Potaaaa, aa, ^iv, Aqua Oj.  Dissolve the potassa
in the water, allow the dregs to subside, and pour
off the clear solution.  To this add the chloride,
and stir constantly  till the black oxide is formed.
Pour off the supernatant liquor,  wash the black
oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle
heat.
  The Mercuriit8  aoln'bilia  of  Hahnemann  is
formed from a black oxide of mercury.  It is the
Me 1'curius solu''bilis Hahneman'ni seu oxydum hy-
drargyri nigri  median'te ammo'nia  ex protoni-
tra'te hydrar'gyri pracipita'tum.  It is used  in
the same cases as  the Hydrargyri oxydum cine-
reum.
  Hydraugyri  Oxydum Nigrum,  H. oxydum
cinereum — h. Oxydum nigrum mediante ammo-
nia et protonitrate hydrargyri praeeipitatum, see
H. oxydum  cinereum—h. Oxydum nitricum, Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  Hydrargyri  Oxydum Rubrum,  H. Binox'y-
dum,  Mercurius calcindtua, Hydrar'gyrua calri-
natus,  (F.) Oxide  de Mercure rouge, Red oxide
of mer'cury.  (Made by precipitation from a so-
lution  of bichloride of mercury  by solution  of
potassa.)  See Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  It is stimulant  and escharotic; and, in large
doses, emetic.   Owing to the violence of its ope-
ration, it is seldom  given internally.
  Hydrargyri  Oxydum Rubrum per Acidum
Nitricum, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum—h. Oxy-
dum saccbaratum, Hydrargyrum saceharatum —
h. Oxydum sulphuricum, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus.
  Hydrargyri  Oxymu'rias, H. Chlo'ridum Cor-
rosivum, (Ph. U. S.)  H. Bichlo'ridum, Hydrar'-
gyrua nutria'tus, Mu'riaa hydrargyri corroai'vua,
Murias hydrargyri oxygena'tus, Sublimdtua cor-
roaivua, Mercurius corroaivua, Mercuriua corroai-
vua aublimdtua,  Hydrargyri permu'riaa,  Super-
mu'riaa hydrargyri, Murias hydrargyri basi ox-
ydi imperfec'ti, Murias hydrargyri corrosivum,
(F.) Deutochlorure de mercure, Bichloride de mer-
cure, Muriate oxygene de mercure, Sublime corro-
sif; Bichlo'ride of mercury, Oxymuriate of mer-
cury, Corroaive  sublimate, Corrosive muriate of
mercury.  (Hydrarg. Ibij, Acid. Sulphur. Ibiij,
Sodii Chlorid. Ibiss.  Boil the mercury with the
sulphuric acid  until  the sulphate of mercury is
left dry.  Rub this, when cold, wilh  the chloride
of sodium, in an earthenware mortar;  then sub-
lime with a gradually increasing heat—Ph. U. S.) 
HYDRARGYRI
449
HYDRARGYRUM
 It is used as an antisyphilitic  stimulant in vene-
 real  complaints,  old  cutaneous affections,  &c.
 Gr. iij to Oj of water is a good gargle in venereal
 sore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea.  Ex-
 ternally, it is  applied in  cases of tetter,  and to
 destroy fungus, or stimulate  old ulcers.  Dose,
 gr. 1-lG to gr. 1-8, in pill,  once in  twenty-four
 hours.   AVhite of egg is the best antidote to it,
 when taken in an overdose.
   Hyiirargyri Periodidum, H. Iodidum rubrum
 —h. Pennurias, Hydrargyri oxymurias—h. Pro-
 to-iodiduin, 11. Iodidum—h. Proto-ioduretum, II.
 Iodidum—h. Proto-tartras,  H. tartras—h. Prus-
 sias, II. cyanuretum—h. Saccharum vermifugum,
 Hydrargyrum  saccharatum — h. Subchloridum,
 II. Subiuiirias—h. Subiodidum, II. Iodidum.
   Hydrargyri Submu'rias,  H. Chlor'idnm, II.
 Subehlor'idum, H.  Chlor'idum mite  (Ph. U.  S.),
 Caloin'elaa, Cttlom'eli, Hydrar'gyrum muriat'icum
 mite, C. Torqueti, Draco mitigtltus, Submu'riaa
 hydrargyri  mitis,  Submu'rias Hydrargyri aubli-
 mdtum, Mercu'rius dulcis, M.  dulcis aublimd'tua;
 — when precipitated, M. dulcis precipita'tus,—
 Panace' aMercuridlis (when nine times sublimed),
 Murias hydrargyri dulcis sublima'tua,  Mercuriua
 aublimatue duleia, Mercu'riua Zo'ticua Hartmanni,
 Aq'uila, Manna  Metallo'rum, Panchymago'gum
 minera'te, P. Quercetilnua, mild Chloride, proto-
 chloridc, aubmuriate, subchloride, or mild Muriate
 of Mercury, Calomel, (F.) Mercure doux, Proto-
 chlorure de mercure.  Mild chloride of mercury
 is thus directed to be prepared in the Pharmaco-
 poeia of the United States:-—Mercury,  tt)iv; Sul-
 phuric  Acid,  lb iij ;  Chloride  of Sodium, tbiss;
 Distilled water, a sufficient quantity.   Boil  two
 pounds of the mercury with  the sulphuric acid,
 until the sulphate of mercury is left dry. Rub
 this, when cold, with the remainder of the mer-
 cury, in an earthenware  mortar,  until they are
 thoroughly  mixed.   Then  add the chloride of
 sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients till
 all  tho  globules disappear: afterwards sublime.
 Reduce the sublimed matter to a very fine pow-
 der, and wash it frequently with boiling distilled
 water, till the washings afford no precipitate upon
 the  addition  of liquid ammonia; then  dry it
 Properties.   Antisyphilitic and  sialagogue:  in
 large doses, purgative.  Dose:—one or  two grains
 given at night gradually  excite ptyalism.  Gr. v
 to xx, purge.   Children bear  larger doses than
 adults.
   The Black AVash, Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nigra,
 is formed of calomel, gij ; Lime-water, Oj. Used
 for syphilitic sores.
   Hydrargyri  Submurias Ammoniatum,  Hy-
 drargyrum praeeipitatum — h.  Subsulphas flavus,
 Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Subsulphas  peroxi-
 dati, Hvlrargyrus  vitriolatus  — h. Sulphas, Hy-
 drargyrus vitriolatus, H.  S. flavus, Hydrargyrus
 vitriolatus.
   Hi iirargyri Sulphure'tum Nigrum,  H.  sul-
 phure'tum cum sulphure,  Hydrargyrua vel mer-
$curiua cum  sulphure, -lEthiopa minera'lia, Hy-
 drargyrus e sulphure, Pulvia hypnolicua, JEthiops
 narcot'icua,  (F.) Sulfure  de mercure noir, Black
 sulphuret of mercury, Sulphuret of mercury with
 sulphur, Ethiops  mineral.  (Hydrarg., Sulphur,
 aa Ibj. Rub together till the globules disappear.)
 Used chiefly in scrofulous  and cutaneous affec-
 tions.   Dose,  gr. x to ^fs.
   Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum  Rubrum, H. Bi-
 anlphuretum,  Hydrargyrua aulphura'tua ruber,
 Min'ium purum, Minium Graco'rum, Magnet Epi-
 lepsia, Ammion, Purpuria'sum, Cinnab'aria, Mer-
 curiua  Cinnabarlnus,  Cinab'aris, Cinaba'rium,
 Bisulphuret or Red Sulphuret of Mercury, Ciil-
 nabtu; Vermilion, (F.) Sulphure de Mercure rouge,
 Cinabre.  (Hydrarg. $x\;  Sulphur. %viij.  Mix
the mercury with the sulphur melted  over the
fire; and as soon as the mass begins to swell re-
move the vessel from the fire, and cover it with
considerable force to prevent combustion.   Rub
the mass into powder and sublime.   (Ph. U. S.)
   It is an  antisyphilitic, but is  chiefly used in
fumigation  against venereal ulcers of the nose,
mouth, and throat;—3SS being thrown on a red-
hot iron.  This preparation is the basis of a nos-
trum, called Boerhuave's Red Pill.
   Hydrargyri Supermcrias, H. oxymurias.
   Hydrargyri Tartras, H. Proto-tartras, Tar-
trate  of mercury.   Antisyphilitic.  Dose, one or
two grains twice a day.
   Hydrargyri et  Arsenici Iodidum,  Arsenic
and Mercury, iodide of.
   Hydrar'gyri et Qui'sug Proto-chlo'ridum,
Protochloride  of Mercury and Quinia.  A com-
bination of mild chloride of mercury and quinia,
administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases.
   HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema mercuriale.
   HYDRARGYRFASIS, Hydrargyro'eia, Mer-
curialis'mns,  from  'vbpapyvpos,  'mercury.'   A
disease induced by the use  of mercury; Morbus
Mercuridlia.  Poisoning by mercury.   Eczema
mercuriale.
   HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial.
   HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial.
   HYDRARGYROSIS, Eczema mercuriale, Hy-
drargyria^.
   HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS, see Saliva-
tion, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial.
   HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyra-
natripsis.
   HYDRAR'GYrRUM, Hydrar'gyrue, from 'vbwp,
'water,' and apyvpos, 'silver;' Mercu'riua, Argen-
tum viviim, A. mo'bile, A. fuaum, A. fugiti'vum,
A. Hq'uidum, Misaadan, Fit mns albus, Area arca-
no'rum, Da'dalus, Mater metallo'min,  Mercury,
 Quickailver, (F.) Mercure,  M. cm, Vif Argent.
A fluid, brilliant metal; of a slightly bluish white
colour; fluid above—39° of Fahr. and under 656°.
S. g.,  when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish);  easily
oxydized.   Metallic quicksilver does not act on
the body, even when taken into  the  stomach.
AVhen oxydized and combined with acids, it acts
powerfully.  It has been exhibited in cases of
constriction of the bowels and in intussusception,
from  a notion that it must certainly pass through
the bowels by its gravity.   The  water, in  which
mercury has been boiled, has been recommended
as a vermifuge; but it probably  enjoys  no such
property,  as chemical tests do  not exhibit the
presence of the metal.  AVhen the crude metal is
distilled in an iron retort, it forms the Hydrar'-
gyrum purifiea'tum.
   Hydrargyrum Ammoniato-Muriaticum,  II.
praeeipitatum—h. Biiodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum
rubrum—h. Biiodatum cum kalio iodato, Potassii
hydrargyro-iodidum—h. Cyanogenatum, Hydrar-
 gyri cyanuretum.
   Hydrargyrum cum Creta (Ph. U. S.), Hy-
 drargyria cum cretd, Mercuriua alkaliaa'tu8, -Mer-
 cury with chalk, (F.) Mercure arec la craie,sE'thi-
 opa alcaliea'tna.   (Hydrarg. ^iij ;  Creta prapa-
 rat. %v.  Rub them  together till the  globules
 disappear.   Ph. U. S.)   A protoxide of mercury,
 formed by trituration with carbonate of lime.  It
 is  somewhat uncertain;  and consequently not
 much employed as a mercurial.  It possesses the
 properties  of  the black oxide of mercury, and
 may  be  advantageously exhibited  in  cases  of
 diarrhoea  in children, dependent  upon acidity
 and vitiated secretions. Dose, gr. v to £ss, twice
 a day, in any viscid substance.
   Hydrargyrum cum Magne'sia of the Dublin
! Pharmacopoeia resembles it in properties. 
HYDRARGYRIA             450      HYDRENTEROMPHALOCELE
  Hydrargyrum Hydrocyanicum, Hydrargyri
cyanuretum—h. Iodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum—
h. Iodatum cum chlorido Mercurii, Mercury, io-
dide of chloride of—h. Iodatum flavum, Hydrar-
gyri iodidum—h. Iodatum rubrum, Hydrargyri
iodidum  rubrum — h.  Iodidulatum, Hydrargyri
iodidum — h. Muriaticum Mite, Hydrargyri sub-
murias—h. Periodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum ru-
brum.
  Hydrargyrum Pracipita'tum, H.  ammonia'-
turn (Ph. U. S.), Hydrargyrum ammonia' to-muri-
ut'icum, Hydrar'gyri ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, Mer-
curiua coamelicua, Mu'rias oxidi hydrargyri am-
moniaca'lis, Submu'rias ammonlaco-hydrargyr'-
icus, Calx Hydrargyri alba, Submu'rias Hydrar.
gyri. ammoniatum, S. H. Pracipita'tum, Murias
hydrargyri sub-oxygend tus pracipitatio' ne pard-
tus, Pracipita'tum album, Ammo'nio-chloride of
Mercury,  White precip'itate of Mercury,  White
precipitate, Calcina'tum majus Pote'rii, (F.) Sous-
muriate  de mercure preripite ou Precipite  blanc.
(Hydrarg. chlorid.  corros. 3vj; aqua destillat.
cong., Liquor  ammonia, f^viij.   Dissolve  the
chloride  in the water, with the aid of heat,  and
to the  solution, when  cold, add  the  solution of
ammonia, frequently stirring.  Wash  the  preci-
pitate till it is tasteless, and dry it.—Ph. U.  S.)
  A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid  and
ammonia, forming  a triple salt.  It  is used in
powder,  to  destroy vermin;  and, united with
lard, for  the same purpose, as well as in scabies
and some other cutaneous affections.
  Hydrargyrum Sacchara'tum, ^E'thiops  sac-
chardtus, Mercu'rius sacchardtus, Ox'idum hy-
drargyri sacchara'tum, Sac'charum  hydrargyri
vennif'iigum. A mild mercurial formula in seve-
ral of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe;
formed by triturating  one part of mercury with
two of white sugar. It  is  used in the venereal
affections of children.
  HYDRARGYRUS, Hydrargyrum.
  Hydrargyrus Aceta'tus,  Sperma mercu'rii,
Terra folia'ta mercurii, Mercurius aceta'tus, Hy-
drargyri Ace'tas, Acetas vel Proto-ace'tas Hy-
drargyri, Ac"etate  of  mercury.   This was  the
basis of Keyaer'8 pills,  and was once much cele-
brated in the cure of the venereal disease.   The
dose is  from three to  five grains, but it  is not
much used.
  The  formula for Keyser'a  anti-venereal pills
was as follows: — Hydrarg. Acet. ^iv; Manna,
^xxx; Amyl. ^ij ;  Muc.  G. Trag. q. s. into pills
of gr. vj  each.  Dose, two pills.
  Hydrargyrus Calcinatus, Hydrargyri oxy-
dum rubrum—h. cum  Creta,,  Hydrargyrum cum
creta — h. Muriatis, Hydrargyri  oxymurias — h.
Nitratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  Hydrargyrus Phosphora'tus, Phoephuret'led
mercury.   This  preparation   has been recom-
mended  in cases of inveterate venereal ulcers,
but is now scarcely used.
  Hydrargyrus Sulphuratus Ruber, Hydrar-
gyri sulphuretum rubrum — h. cum Sulphure,
Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum — h. e Sulphure,
Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum.
  Hydrargyrus Vitriola'tus,  Turpe'thum mi-
nera'le, Mercurius emet'icus flavus, Calx mercurii
ritriola'ta, Mercurius caua'ticua fiavua, 31. lu'teua,
Hydrargyrieuliihaa, H. S. fiavua (Ph. U. S.), Sub-
sitlphaa  Hydrargyri flavus, Oxydum  hydrargyri
sulphu'ricum, Subaulphaa hydrargyriperoxiddti,
Turbith min'eral, (F.) Soua-8iilfate de mercure ou
turbith mineral.  (Hydrarg. ^iv; Acid.  Sulph.
gvj.  Mix in a glass vessel, and boil in a sand-
bath till a dry, white  mass  remains.   Rub  this
into powder, and throw it into boiling  water.
Pour off the liquor, and wash the yellow, preci-
pitated powder repeatedly with hot water; then
dry it—Ph. U. S.)  Two grains of this mercurial
act on  the  stomach violently.   It is sometimes
recommended as an errhine in amaurosis.
  HYDRARTHRON, Hydrarthrus.
  HYDRARTHROS, Hydrarthrus.
  HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus.
  HYDRAR'THRUS, Hydarthrue, Hydrar'thrus
aynovia'lia,  Hydrops articulo'rum, Hydrarthron,
Hydrar'thros,Melice'ria, Spina vento'sa of Rhazes
and  Avicenna,  Arthritia Hydrctr'throa, Hydar-
throaia,  Hydrarthro'aia, Emmyx'ium articultlre,
Tumor albus, White swelling ; from 'vbwp, 'water,'
and  apSpov, 'a joint'   (F.) Tumeur blanche, T.
lymphatique des articulations.   The French sur-
geons apply the term Hydrarthrua to dropsy of
the articulations.  AVhite swelling is an extremely
formidable disease.  It may attack any one of
the joints;  but is» most  commonly met with in
the knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and
generally occurs in scrofulous children.  It con-
sists, at times,  in  tumefaction, and softening of
the soft parts and ligaments, which surround the
joints;  at others,  in  swelling and caries of the
articular extremities  of bones;  or  both  these
states may exist  at the  same time.  The treat-
ment consists in the employment of counter-irri-
tants ; the use of iodine internally and externally,
&c.  Also, Synovia.
  HYDRASTIS  EXPAN'SA,  Great freahuatcr
Tortoiae.  On the sandy banks  of rivers in  Peru
this animal buries  its eggs, from which the Indians
extract  oil. Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food.
— Tschudi.
  HYDRASTIS,  H. Canadensis.
  Hydras'tis Canadensis, Hydrastis, Warnera
Canaden'sis, Hydrophyllum verum,  Vellow Root,
Orange  Root, Yellow Puccoon,  Ground Rasp'-
berry, Yellow Paint, Golden Seal, In'dian Paint,
Eyebalm.  It is used in Kentucky as a 'mouth
water,' and as an  outward application in wounds
and local inflammations.
  HYDRELjE'ON,  Hydrola'um,  from 'vbwp,
'water,' and elatov,  'oil.'  A mixture of water
and oil.
  HYDRELYTRON,  see Hydrocele.
  HYDREMA, CEdema.
  HYDRENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  HYDRENCEPHALOCE' LE,  Hydrocephalo-
ce'le,  from 'vbwp,  'water,' eyxetpalos, 'the ence-
phalon,' and xnln, 'rupture, protrusion.'  A mon-
strosity in which there is a fissure of the cranium,
the integument of the head  being  present, and
forming a hernial sac in which the brain lies out-
side the skull—the sac containing a large quan-
tity of serous fluid.  Also, Hydrocephalus chro-
nicus.
  HYDRENCEPHALON,  see  Hydrocephalus
chronicus.
  HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from 'vbwp, ' water,'
ey'xcpalos, 'the brain,' and etbos, 'resemblance.'
Resembling hydrencephalus.  Hydreneeph'aloid
disease,  Spu'rioua hydroc.eph'altta, Paendo-ence-
phali'tia.  Disorders of the bowels, and exhaus-
tion in  children, are at times attended with hy-
drencephaloid symptoms.
  HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus.
  HYDRENTEROCE'LE, from  'vbwp,  'water,'
evrepov,  ' intestine,' and xnln, ' a tumour.'  Intes-
tinal hernia, the sac of which encloses fluid.
  HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydrente-
rom'phalua, from 'vbwp,  ' water,'  evrepov,  ' intes-
tine,' opipalas, 'umbilicus,' and xnln, 'rupture.'
Umbilical hernia  with intestine and water in the
sac. 
HYDRENTEROMPHALUS
451
HYDROCEPHALUS
  nY D R E N TEROMPnALUS, nydrenterom-
phalocele.
  HYDREPIGASTRIPM, see Ascites.
  HYDREPIPLOCE'LE,  from  'vbwp, 'water,'
cirurXoov,  'omentum,' and K17X17, 'rupture.'  Omen-
tal hernia, with water in the sac.
  HYDREPIPLOM'PHALUS, Hydrepiplom-
phaloce'le,  from 'vbwp, ' water,' ciwrloov, ' omen-
tum,' and optpalos,  ' umbilicus.'   Umbilical  her-
nia, with omentum and water in the sac.
  HYDRETRUM, Ascites.
  HYDRIASIS, Ilydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATER. see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIATRIA, Ifv.liosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATRICA  ARS, Ilydrosudotherapeia.
  UYDRIATRICUS, see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIATRUS,  see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIODAS  KALICUS-,  see Potassae  hy-
driodas.
  HYDRIODIC ACID,  see Acid, hydriodic.
  HYDRO'A, Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula, Boa,  Planta
noctia, from 'u<5aip, 'water.'  An affection, which
consists in an accumulation of water or  serous
fluid under the epidermis.  Some have used hy-
dro'a synonymously with sudamina; others with
pemphigus.  In the  first case, it has generally,
however,  been  written   hidro'a,  from  'tbpws,
'sweat,' and in the latter hydro'a.  See Hydatid.
  HYDRO^E'M^IA, Hydra'mia; from 'vbwp, 'wa-
ter,' and  'aipa, 'blood.'  Anaemia.  The state of
the blood in which the watery constituents are in
excess.
  H VDROAEROPLEURIE,  Hydropneumo-
thorax.
  HYDROA'RION,  Hydrooph'oron,  Hydro'd-
rium, Hydro'dva'rium, Hy'drops ova'rii, Ascites
ovarii, A. sacca'tus,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de lovaire,
from 'vbwp,' water,' and waptov, 'ovarium.' Dropsy
of the ovarium.
  HYDROATA, Sudamina.
  HYDROBLEPH'ARON, Hy'drops Palpebra,
Blepharoede'ma  aquo'sum,  (Ede'ma  palpebra'-
rum.  An oedema or watery swelling of the  eye-
lids ;  from 'ti<5u>p, 'water," and jiletpapov, 'eyelid.'
  HYDROCARDIA, Hydropericardium, see Pe-
ricardium.
  HYDROCATARRHOPHE 'SIS,  Hydrocatar-
rhopllia, from 'vbwp, 'water,' and xarappotpciv, 'to
sip up.'  Absorption of water from without.
  HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti, H. testiculo'-
rum, Hydroscheoce'le, Hydatoce'le, Hydros'cheum,
Hydror'chis, Hydroscheonie, (Alibert,) from 'vbwp,
'water,'  and K17X17,  'a tumour.'   A  term gene-
rally applied to a  collection of  serous fluid in
the  areolar texture  of  the  scrotum or in some
of the coverings, either of the testicle or sper-
matic cord.   To the first of these varieties the
names — External Hydrocele,  H. cedemato'des,
(F.) H. par infiltration have been given;  and to
the second, those of Hydroce'le inter'na, H. tu'-
nica vagindlis tes'tis, Hydrelytron, (F.) H. par
epanchement.  AVhen the collection occurs in the
envelope of the testicle,  it is  called  H.  of the
tunica vaginalis; and the epithet congenital  is
added, when the interior of the membrane, in
which it is situate, still communicates freely with
the cavity of the abdomen.  AA'hen it exists in the
spermatic cord, it is called encysted, or diffused
Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may
be.   The tumour of the distended scrotum is ob-
long :  greater below than above; indolent and
ecmi-transparcnt.   AVhen  it becomes inconve-
niently large, the  fluid may be evacuated by
puncturing  with  a  trocar, but, as  it  collects
again,  this  operation  can  only  be  considered
palliative.  The radical cure consists, usually, in
injecting, through the canula of the trocar, which
has been left in, after puncturing, some irritating
liquid, as wine.  This is kept in the tunica vagi-
nalis  for a  few minutes, and  then  withdrawn.
The coat inflames; adhesion takes place, and the
cavity is obliterated.
  Hydrocele op the Xeck.   A tumour, filled
with a watery  fluid, occupying some  portion of
the neck.
  Hydrocele Peritonei, Ascites — h. Spinalis,
Hydrorachis.
  HYDROCENO'SIS, from 'vbwp, 'water,'  and
xevwats, ' evacuation.'  The  evacuation of water
morbidly accumulated in the body.
  HYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCEPHALE AIGUE, Hydrocephalus
internus.
  HYDROCEPHALICS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus.
  HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCEPHALOCELE,  Hydrencephalo-
cele.
  HYDROCEPHALOECTASIE, Hydrocepha-
lus  chronicus.
  HYDROCEPHALUS,  Hydroceph'alum,  Hy-
drocra'nia,  Hydrocra'nium,  Hydrocephal'ium,
Hydroceyh'ale, Hydrops  Cap'itis, H. Cer'ebri,
from  'u<5uip,  ' water,' and  xetpaln,  ' the  head.'
 Water in the head,  Dropsy of the head,  Dropsy
of the brain.  A collection  of water  within the
head.  It may be internal or external.
  Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H. internus — h.
Acutus senum, Apoplexy, serous—h. Aduatus, see
H. chronicus—h. Congenitus, see H. chronicus—
h. Externus, H.  chronicus — h. Meningeus, H.
internus.
  Hydrocephalus  Chron'icus, Hydrencepha-
loce'le, Hydrops Cap'itis, Hydrocephalus  exter-
nus, (F.) Hydrocephale, Hydrocephalo'ectasie, of
some, may exist at birth.  Hydrenceph'alon,  Hy-
drocephalus  congen'itus seu adna'tus commonly
commences  at an early period of existence, and
the accumulation of fluid gradually produces dis-
tension of the brain, and of the skull, with sepa-
ration of the sutures.  It commonly proves fatal
before puberty.
  Hydrocephalus Externus, CEde'ma cap'itis,
Cephalccde'ma of some, is a mere infiltration  into
the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium.
  Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus, Hydroccpllalus
acu'tus, H.  meningc'us,  Hydrops cer'ebri, Ence-
phalal'gia hydrop'ica, Encephali'tis exsudato'ria,
Encephalitis seu Meningitis  Infan'tum,  Morbua
cerebra'lia Whyltii, En'tero-cephalop'yra Infan'-
tum, Hydrojjhlogo'sie Ventriculo'rum cer'ebri, En-
cephaloch'yaia, Phrenic'ula hydrocephalica,  Hy-
drenceph' alua, Hydrencephall'tis, Hydrencc phal -
ium, Hydrocephalltis, Hydromeningi'tia,  Febria
Hydrocephalica, Apoplex'ia hydrocephalica, Ca-
rua hydroceph'alua, Water Brain Fever, (F.) Hy-
drocephale aigue, Fievre cerebrate dea Enfana, is
generally seated, according to  modern observers,
in the meninges and surface of the encephalon,
and is a tuber'cular meningi'tis, Meningitis tu-
berculoma,  Encephaloatrumo'ai8, (F.) J/euingite
tuberculeuse ou granuleuse.  It is observed  par-
ticularly in  childhood.  Its march is extremely
acute and often very rapid; admitting, generally,
however, of division into three stages.  The symp-
toms of the first stage are those of general febrile
irritation, with head-ach, intolerance of light and
sound, delirium, &c.  Those of the second, which
generally denote that the inflammation has ended
in effusion, are, great slowness of pulse, crying out
as if  in distress, moaning, dilated pupil,  squint-
ing, Ac.; and lastly, in the third stage — pro-
found stupor, paralysis,  convulsions, involuntary
evacuations, quick pulse, and frequently death.
The disease  is of uncertain duration; sometimes, 
HYDROCHAMAIMELUM
452
HYDROGEN
destroying in two or three days;  at others, ex-
tending to two or three  weeks.   The prognosis
is unfavourable.  The treatment must be  active'
during the stage of excitement, — precisely that
which  is necessary in phrenitis.   In the second
stage, the indication  is;—to promote the absorp-
tion of the effused fluid.   This must be done by
counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly.  On  dis-
section, water is generally found in the ventricles,
or at the base of the brain; or there are evidences
of previous vascular excitement, as effusions of
coagulable lymph, &c.
  Hydrocephalus  Spurius,  Hydrencephaloid,
(disease.)
  HYDROCHAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthemi-
dis.
  HYDROCHEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa.
  H YDR 0 CHL OR A TE D' OR, see Gold.
  HYDROCHLORINAS NATRICUS, Soda,
muriate of.
  HYDROCHOLECYSTIS,  Turgescentia vesi-
C11133 Ig11g£6.
  HYDROCH'YSES, (G.)Hydrochysen,from
'uouip, ' water,' and %uo-<£, ' effusion.'  A family of
diseases, according to the classification of Fuchs,
in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid,
as in serous apoplexy; hydrocephalus, Ac.
  HYDROCIRSOCE'LE,  Hygrociraoce'le,  Hy-
groce'le, from 'ii<5wp,  ' water,'  xipaos, ' varix,' and
xnln, ' tumour.'   A tumour, formed by the vari-
cose distention of the veins of the spermatic cord,
and  by the accumulation of  serous fluid  in  the
areolar texture of the scrotum.
  HYDROCCELIA,_Ascites.
  HYDROCOT'YLE  CENTEL'LA.  A  South
African plant,  the roots  and  stalks of which are
astringent; and used in diarrhcea and dysentery.
  Hydrocotyle Umbellatum, Acaricoba.
  1IYDR0CRANIA, Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCRANIUM, Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCRITHE, Decoctum Hordei.
  HYDROCYANTC ACID,  Ac"idum Hydrocy-
an'icum; from 'vbwp, 'water,' and xvavos,  'blue.'
Prussic Acid,  Ac"idum  Prus'sicum, A. Borua'-
sicum, A. Zoot'icum, A. Zootin'icum, Cyanohy'-
dric Acid, Cyanhy'dric Acid,  (F.) Acide Hydro-
cyanique  ou Prussique.   This acid exists  in  a
great variety of native combinations in the vege-
table kingdom, and  imparts to them certain pro-
perties, which have  been long  known and es-
teemed; as in  the bitter almond,  Cherry  laurel,
leaves of the Peach tree, kernela of fruit, pipa of
apple8, &c.   AVhen concentrated,  it is liquid, co-
lourless, of a strong  smell and taste, at first cool,
afterwards burning.   Its s. g.  at 7° centigrade, is
0.7058.  It is very volatile, and enters into ebul-
lition  at  80° Fahr.  It speedily  undergoes de-
composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and
consists of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam-
mable compound of carbon and  azote,  to which
the name Cyan'ogen has been assigned;  and of
hydrogen, which acts as  the acidifying principle:
hence its name Hydrocyanic  acid.  In the Phar-
macopoeia of the  United States,  (1851,) two for-
mulae  for the preparation of the Ac" idum hydro-
cyan' icum dilu'tum—Ac"idum hydrocyan'icum,
Ph.  U. S. of 1842 — are given; the one from the
 Ferro-cyanuret of Potaaaium ; the other from the
 Cyanuret of Silver.   According to Magendie, the
acid, prepared after  Scheele's method — the one
in common use—is of irregular medicinal  power:
he,  therefore,  recommends  Gay  Lussac's  acid,
 diluted with 6  times  its  volume, or 8.5  times its
weight of distilled water, for medicinal  purposes,
 and this  he calls Medic"inal  Pruaaic Acid.  Dr.
 Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity should
 indicate that which  is proper for medicinal exhi-
 bition; and, after comparative experiments of the
gravity  of the acids, obtained by different pro-
cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed,
is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997.   Great caution is, how-
ever, necessary.  One drop of pure  prussic acid
may instantly  destroy,  and the animal show
hardly any traces  of irritability, a few moments
after death.  It .has been  advised  in laryngeal
phthisis, in  pulmonary phthisis, pulmonary in-
flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec-
tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic  rheumatism,
and mania, and as a local remedy in  impetiginous
affections;  but, although  possessed of powerful
sedative properties,  it is  so unmanageable and
the preparation so uncertain, that it is not much
used.  The Doae of Scheele's Acid, or of the Me-
dicinal Pruaaic Acid, is from a quarter of a drop
to two drops.
  HYDROCYS'TIS, from  'vbwp,  'water,' and
xvans,  ' a bladder.'  A cyst containing a watery
or serous^ fluid.  An  hydatid.  Also, saccated
ascites.
  HYDRODERMA, Anasarca.
  HYDRODKS, Aqueous.
  HYDRODIARRIKEA, Diarrhoea, serous.
  HYDRCEDEMA, CEdema.
  HYDRO-ENCEPHAL ORRHEE, Apoplexy,
serous.
  HYDRO - ENTERO - EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro-
epiplo-enteroce'le ; from  'vbwp, 'water,'  tvrtpov,
' intestine,'  and emizloov,  ' omentum.'  Entero-
epiplocele,  the sac of which  contains a serous
fluid.
  HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALPM,
from  'vbwp,  ' water,' evrepov, ' an intestine,' t-i-
ttXoov, 'the caul,' and optpalos, 'the navel.'  Um-
bilical hernia, the sac of which contains intestine,
epiploon, and serum.
  HYDRO-ENTEROM'PIIALUM,  Hydrente-
rom'phalum; from 'vbwp, ' water,' evrepov, 'an in-
testine,' and optpalos,  'the umbilicus.'  Hernia
umbilicalis,  the sac  of which contains intestine
and serum.
  HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE, from 'vbwp, 'water,'
tircrXooii, 'omentum,' and K17X1?, 'a tumour.' Her-
nia, formed by omentum, the sac of which con-
tains serum.
  HYDRO- EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE, Hydro-
en tero-epiplocele.
  HYDRO-EP1PLOMPIPALUM,  from  'vbwp,
'water,' t7T(7rXoov,  'the omentum,'  and optpalos,
'the  umbilicus.'   Umbilical hernia, the sac  of
which contains epiploon  and serum.
   HYDROG'ALA, from 'vbop, ' water,' and yala,
'milk.'  A mixture of water and milk.
   HYDROGASTER, Ascites.
   IIY'DROGEN, Hydrogen'ium, Infiam'mable
 air, Phlogie'ton, Princip'ium hydrogenet'icum, P.
 hydrot''icum, Mephlti8 inflammab'ilia, (F.) Hy-
 drogene, from 'vbwp, ' water,' and yevvaw, ' I pro-
 duce.'  This gas, when  breathed, proves fatal
 from containing no oxygen.  AVhen diluted with
 two-thirds of atmospheric air, it occasions some
 diminution  of muscular  power and  sensibility,
 and a reduction  of the force of the  circulation.
 It has been respired in catarrh, haemoptysis, and
 phthisis.
   Hydrogen,  Carburetted,  Inflammable  air,
 Fire damp, of miners — obtained by passing the
 vapour of water over charcoal, at the tempera-
 ture of ignition, in an  iron tube—has been found
 possessed of similar properties, when diluted, and
 has been used in like cases.
   Hydrogen,  Protoxide of, AVater.
   Hydrogen,  Sulphuretted,  Jlytlroanlph'vrie
 acid,  Hydrothion'ic acid, Hyilrothi'on,  Gaz  he-
 pat'icum,  Gaz hydrogen'ium  autphura'tum,  Me-
 phi'tia hepat'ica, (F.) Acide hydroaulfurique, may
 be disengaged from any  of the sulphurets by the 
HYDROGENATION
453
HYDROPHOBIA
addition of a strong acid.   It is a violent poison,
but has been recommended to be inhaled, diluted,
to allay the  increased irritability which occasion-
ally exists  after diseases of the lungs.  See Hy-
dro-sulphuretted AVater.
  HVDROGEXATIOX, see Hydrogenisea.
  11 YDR OGJ2NE, I f ydrogen.
  // YUROGEXESES. Baumes gives this name
to diseases which  he fancifully considers to de-
pend upon disturbed hytlrugcuation.  In it he in-
cludes intermittent and remittent fevers.
  HYDROOEXO-SULPHURETUM  AMMO-
NIAt'.E  LIQUIDUM, Ammoniiu sulphuretum.
  HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula.
  HYDROGRAPHY, see  Hydrology.
  HYDROIIEMIE, Anaemia.
  HYDROHYMEXPTIS, Orrhohymeni'tis, from
'u<5uip, ' water,' 'vpyv, ' a membrane,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of  a serous
membrane.
  HYDROL.EUM, Hydrelaeon.
  HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumexhydrolapathum.
   IIYDKOLATA, Aquae destillatae.
   HYDROLATS, Aquae  destillatae.
   IIYPROLES, see Hydrolica.
   IIYDROL'ICA, (F.) Hydroliques,  from 'vbwp,
'water.'  AVatery solutions of the active princi-
ples of medicinal agents.  Those prepared by so-
lution  or admixture are termed, by the French,
Hydroles;  those by distillation,  Hydrolats.
   IIYDROLIQUES, Hydrolica.
   IIYDROL'OGY, Hydrolog" ia, from 'vbwp, 'wa-
ter,' and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' A treatise on water.
By the term Medical Hydrology is meant  that
part of physics,  whose object is the study of wa-
ter, considered as it respects medicine ; and, con-
sequently,  embracing that of  mineral waters.
Medical Hydrog'raphy comprises the study of the
influence exerted by the sea or by navigation on
the health of man.
  HYDROLOTIF,  Lotion.
  HYDROMA'XIA,  from  'vbwp, 'water,'  and
pavia,  'mania.'  A name  given  by Strambi to
pellagra, in  which the patient has a strong pro-
pensity to drown himself.
  HYBKO-MEDIASTFNUM,  Hydrops media-
sti'ui.  Effusion  of serous fluid into the mediasti-
num.
  HY'DROMEL, Hydrom'eli, from 'vbwp, 'water,'
and pelt, ' honey.'  Aqua  mulsa,  Melitltis, Mul-
sum, Mel.ic'ratum, Mellic'ratum, Braggart, Medo.
A liquid medicine, prepared with an ounce and a
half of honey and a pint  of tepid  water.  It  is
used as a demulcent and laxative, and is gene-
rally known  under the names Simple hy'dromel.
 Vinous hy'dromel. Mead, Hydrom'eli vino'sum. It
is a drink made by fermenting honey and water,
and is much used in  some  countries.
  HYDROMEXINGITIS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus.
  HYDROMETER,  Areometer.
  HYDROME'TRA,  Ilydr.ome'tria, Hyster'ites,
Hysterrede'nia, Hydrops u'teri, from 'vbwp, 'water,'
and pnrpa, ' the womb.'  Dropsy  of the womb. A
disease characterized by circumscribed protuber-
ance in the hypogastrium, — with obscure fluctu-
ation, progressively enlarging, without ischury or
pregnancy.   If  it  ever occur, it must  be a rare
disease.
  HYDROM'PIIALUM,  Hydrops umbilica'Us,
Exonlphalus aquo'au8, Her'nia uinbili'ci aquo'aa,
from 'vbwp,  'water,' and optpalos, 'the navel.' A
tumour, formed by the accumulation of  serum in
the sac of umbilical hernia; or simply by disten-
sion of the navel in cases of ascites.
  HYDROAfYRIN'CA. Hydromyrinx,  Hydropa
tym'pani, from  'vbwp,  ' water,'  and  myringa or
myrinx,' the membrana tympani.'  Dropsy of the
drum of the ear ; giving rise to difficulty of hear-
ing,—Dy scree'a hyt/rop'ica.
  HYDROMYRINX, Hydromvringa.
  HYDRONCUS, Anasarca, CEdema.
  HYDRONEPHRO'SIS,  (F.)  Hydronfphrpse,
Hydroi-enale distenaion, from 'uowp, ' water,' and
vetppos, ' kidney.'  An accumulation in the kidney,
owing to the obstruction of the tubes of the pa-
pillae.— Payer.
  HYDROXOSUS,  Hydrops.
  HYDRONUSUS, Hydrops.
  HYDROOPHORON; Hvdroarion.
  HYDROOVARIUM, Hvdroarion.
  HYDROPATHTC, II'ydropath'icua, Hydrial-
ricua, from  'vbwp, 'water,' and  raQos,  'disease.'
Relating to  hydropathy or the water-cure.— as a
hydropathic physician, Hydri'dter, Hydriiitrus.
  HYDROPATHY. Ilydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDROPEDE'SIS, from 'ixSuip,  'water,' and
unbaw, ' I break out'  Ephidro'sis.  Excessive
sweating.
  IIYDROPEGE, AVater, spring.
  HYDROPELTIS PURPUREA, Brasenia hy-
dropeltis.
  HYDROPERICARDIA, Hvdropericardium.
  HYDROPERICARDITIS,Hydropericardium.
  HYDROPERICAR'DIUM, Hydropericar'dia,
Hydropericardi'tis,  from'vbwp, ' water,' and peri-
cardium;  Hydrops  Pericardii, Hydrocar'dia,
Dropsy of the pericar'dium, (F.) Hydropisie du
Pericarcle.   This is not a common disease.  Pal-
pitations;  irregular  or intermitting pulse;  exces-
sive  dyspnoea, amounting  often to  orthopnoea,
and dulness over a large space on percussion, will
cause the pericardium to be suspected. The treat-
ment is that of  dropsies  in general.  It is, usu-
ally, however, of the active kind.
  HYDROPERIONE, from'vbwp, 'water,'irtpi,
'around,' and wov, 'an egg, or ovum.' The sero-
albuminous  substance, secreted by the lining of
the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated
ovum in that cavity. — Breschet.
  HYDROPERITONEUM, Ascites.
  HYDROPERITONIE,  Ascites.
  HYDROPHAL'LUS. from 'vbwp, 'water,' and
ipallos,  'the male organ.'  CEdema  of the male
organ.
  HYDROPHIMOSIS, Phimosis oedematodes.
  HYDROPHLEGMASIA TEXTUS  CELLU-
LAR IS, Phlegmasia alba.
  HYDR0PHL0G0S1S   A'ENTRICULORUM
CEREBRI,  Hydrocephalus internus.
  HYDROPHOBTA, Paraphob'ia, Parophob'ia,
Phobodip'son, Pheu'gydron, Pheugophob'ia0'y-
nolys'sa, Cynolys'sum, Morbus hydrophob'ieus seu
liydroph'obus, Lycan'che, Lycan'chis,  Aerophobia,
Phrenitis latrans, Lytta, Lyasa, Lyssa cani'na,
Pantophobia, Rabies cani'na, Erethis'mus hydro-
phobia, Clonos hydrophobia, Hygrophobia, Aqua
metus. Canine madness, (F.)  Rage;  from  'vbwp,
' water,' and tpofios, ' dread.'
  The term Rabies  is  more appropriate  for the
aggregate  of symptoms resulting from the bite
of rabid animals.  Hydrophobia literally signifies
a 'dread of water;'  and,  consequently, ought to
be applied to one of the symptoms of rabies,  rather
than to the disease itself.  It is a symptom  which
appears occasionally in other nervous affections.
Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous development
in the dog, wolf, cat, and fox, which  can  thence
transmit it  to other quadrupeds or to man ; but
it has not been  proved that it can supervene,—
without their having been previously bitten, — in
animals of other species : or that the latter can,
when bitten, communicate it  to others.   Many
facts  induce the belief, that the saliva and bron-
chial mucus  are the  sole vehicles of the rabid vi-
rus ; the effects of which upon the economy some- 
HYDROPIIOBUS
454
HYDROPS
times apt ear almost immediately after  the bite,
and are, at others, apparently dormant for a con-
siderable period.   The chief symptoms are — a
sense of  dryness and constriction of the throat;
ex^ssive thirst;  difficult deglutition;  aversion
for, and horror at,  the sight of liquids as well  as
of brilliant objects; red,  animated countenance;
great nervous irritability; frothy saliva;  grinding
of the teeth, &e. Death most commonly happens
before the  fifth day.  Hydrophobia has hitherto
resisted all therapeutical means.   Those which
allay irritation are obviously most called for.  In
the way of prevention,  the bitten part should
always  be  excised, where practicable;  and cau-
terized.
   In some cases, symptoms like those which fol-
low  the bite of a rabid animal are said to have
come on spontaneously.  This affection  has been
termed nervous or spontaneous hydrophobia.
   HYDROPIIOBUS, Lyssodectus.
   HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'vbwp, 'water,'
and   oipSulpos, 'the   eye.'   Hydrophthal'mus,
Dropsy of the  eye,  Hydrops Oc'uli, Buphthal'mus,
Zoophthalmus, Oc'ulus Bovlnus, Oculus Bu'bulus,
 Oculus  E/cphan'tinus, Ophthalmopto'sis, Parop'-
sis Staphylo'ma simplex, (F.) Hydrophthalmie,
Hydropisie de lodl.  This affection is caused, at
times, by an increase in the quantity of the aque-
ous, at  others, of the vitreous, humour.  In  the
former  case, the  iris is  concave  anteriorly, and
pushed backwards : — in the latter, it is convex,
and  pushed forwards.  Most commonly, the dis-
ease  seems to depend on  both humours at  the
same time.  Hydrophthalmia sometimes affects
both eyes; at others, only one.  Children  are
more exposed  to it than adults  or old persons.
The treatment must vary according to the cause;
its longer  or  shorter duration;  greater or less
extent,  &c. Hence, according to circumstances,
hydragogue medicines, purgatives, general and
local blood-letting, blisters, setons, moxa, cup-
ping-glasses, fomentations, collyria, and fumiga-
tions of different  kinds, have been employed.
AVhen all means fail, and  the disease continues
to make progress, the fluid may be evacuated, by
a  puncture made with a cataract needle at  the
lower part of the transparent cornea.
   Hydrophthalmia,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of
the cornea.
   IIYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same etymon.  An
cedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in hydro-
pic persons.
   HYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia—h.
 Cruentus, Haemophthalmia.
   IfYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis  Ca-
nadensis.
   HYDROPHYSOCE'LE,  Hydropneumatoce'le,
from 'vbwp, 'water,' tpvaa,  'wind,' and xnln, 'a
tumour.'  Hernia, which contains a serous fluid
 and gas.   »
   HYDROPHYSOME'TRA, from 'vbwp, 'water,'
cpvaaw, ' I inflate,' and pyrpa, ' the womb.' A mor-
bid  condition  of the womb, in which both fluid
 and air are contained in  it.
   HYDROP'IC, Hydrop'icus, Hy'phydroa, Hy-
der'icus, Hydero'dca, Drop'aieal, (F.) Hydropique.
 One labouring under dropsy. Relating to dropsy.
Also, an antihydropic, and  a hydragogue.
   HYDROPIPER, Polygonum hydropiper.
   HYDROPISIA, Hydrops.
   HYDROPISIE, Hydrops — h. du Baa-ventre,
Ascites—h. Cerebrale auraigue, Apoplexy, serous
—:h. de  I'GEil, Hydrophthalmia — h. de I'Ovaire,
 Hydroarion—h. du Pericarde, Hydropericardium
 — h. de8 Plevrea,  Hydrothorax—h. de Poitrinc,
 Hydrothorax—h. de la Veaicule du Fiel, Turgcs-
 centia vesicae felleae.
  HYDROPISIS, Hydrops —h. Vera, Anasarca.
  HYDROPISMUS, Hydrops.
  HYDROPLEURIE, Hydrathorax.
  HYDROPNEUMATOCELE, Hydrophysocele.
  HYDROPNEUMOX, llydropneumonia.
  HYDROPNEUMO'NIA, Hydropneu'mon,
CEde'ma pulmo'num chron'icum, Hydrops pulmo-
num cellulo'sus,  Anaaar'ca pulmo'num,  Hydrops
pulmonum, from  'vbwp,  'water,' and kvcvuwv, 'the
lung.'  Dropsical infiltration of the lungs.  See
CEdema of the lungs.
  HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA, from  'tiiup, 'wa-
ter,' irvevpa, ' wind, air,' and  aapl,,  ' flesh.' An ab-
scess, containing water, air,  and matters similar
to flesh. — M.  A. Severinus.
  HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX,//>/tfroae>oj9fcH-
rie, from 'vbwp,  'water,' irvevpwv,  'the lung,' and
dwpa!;,  ' the chest'  Pneumothorax with  effusion
of blood into the chest   See Pneumothorax.
  HYD ROPO  I'D ES, from 'vbwp, < water,' and
noicw,  'I  make.' An  epithet for watery excre-
tions, such as sometimes take place in hydropics.
  HYDROP'OTA,  Hydrop'otea, Potdtor Aqua,
from  'vbwp,  'water,' and norns,  'a drinker.'  A
water drinker.   One who drinks only water, or
drinks it in an extraordinary quantity.
  HYDROPS, from 'vbwp,  'water,'  Plegma'tia,
Hy'deroa, Affec'tua hydero'dea, Hydrop'iaia, Hy-
dropia'ia,  Hydropis'mus, Hydrop'sia,  Hydror-
rhtx'a, Hydrorrhoe, Hydrorrhoiis, Polyhy'dria,
Hydron'osus, Hydronu'sus, Dropsy, (F.) Hydro-
pisie.   A  preternatural collection of a  serous
fluid in any cavity of the body, or in the areolar
texture.   When  the cellular texture of the whole
body is more or less filled with fluid, the disease
is called Anasar'ca or Leueoplegma'tia; — and
when  this variety is local or partial, it is called
OSde'ma.   The  chief dropsies, designated from
their seat, are:—Anasarca, Hydrocephalus, Hy-
drorachitis, Hydrothorax, Hydropericardium, As-
cites,  Hydrometra, Hydrocele, &o.
  Encyst'ed Dropsy, Hydrops sacca'tua, inearce-
ra'tua  vel cys'ticua, is  that variety in which the
fluid is enclosed in a sac or cyst;  so that it has
no  communication  with the surrounding parts.
Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydrops  Ova'rii, Asci-
tes  Ova'rii, Ascites sacca'tus, is  an instance of
this variety.
  Dropsy maybe active or passive.  The former
consists in an increased action of the exhalants,
so that those  vessels  pour out much  more fluid
than  is absorbed:  the latter arises from a state
of  atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows
of an accumulation of fluid.  It may also be me-
chanical,  or produced  by obstructions  to the cir-
culation,  as in  cases of diseased liver.  Active
dropsy, occurring accidentally in a sound indivi-
dual,  generally  ends  favourably.  That which
supervenes on other diseases, or is symptomatic
of some internal affection, is rarely curable.
  The treatment consists in the use of all those
remedies  which  act on the various secretions: so
that, the demand being increased, the supply will
have to be increased  accordingly;  and in this
manner some of the collected fluid may be taken
up by the absorbents.  To this end bleeding, if
the dropsy be very active;  purgatives, diuretics,
sudorifics, sialogogues, &c, are the  remedies
chiefly depended upon.
   Hydrops  Abdominis, Ascites—h. Abdominis
aereus, Tympanites—h. Abdominis saccatus, see
Ascites — h. Anasarca, Anasarca — h.  Anasarca
acutus, see Anasarca — h. Articulorum,  Hydrar-
thrus—h. Ascites, Ascites—h. Capitis, Hydroce-
phalus—h. Capitis, Hydrocephalus chronicus—h.
Cavitatis columnae vertebralis, Hydrorachis — h.
Cellularis artuum,  CEdema — h. Cellularis totius 
nYDROPSIA
455
HYDROTIS
corporis, Anasarca—h. Cellulosus, Anasarca—h.
Cerebri, Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus
—h. Cutaneus, Anasarca—h. Cysticus, see Asci-
tes, and Hydrops — h. Glottidis, CEdema of the
Glottis — h. Inearceratus, see Hydrops—h.  In-
tercus, Anasarca — h. Leucophlegmatias, Leuco-
phlegmatia—h. ad Matulam, Diabetes—h. Medi-
astini, Hydromediastinum — h. Medullae spinalis,
Hydroraehis — h. Matellse,  Diabetes — h. Oculi,
Hydrophthalmia—h. Ovarii, Hydroarion, see Hy-
drops—h. Palpebrae, Hydroblepharon—h. Pecto-
ris, Hydrothorax—h. Pericardii, Hydropericardi-
um— h. Pleurae, Hydrothorax — h.  Pulmonis,
Hydrothorax — h. Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia,
(Edema of the Lungs — h. Pulmonum cellulosus,
Hydripneumonia — h. Saccatus,  see Hydrops —
h.  Saeci lachrymalis,  Fistula  lachrymalis — h.
Scroti, Hydrocele—h. Siccus et flatulentus, Tym-
panites— h. Spinae, Hydroraehis—h. Spinae ver-
tebralis, llydrorachis—h. Subcutaneus, Anasarca
—h. Telae cellulosae, Anasarca—h. Testiculorum,
Hydrocele — h.  Thoracis,  Hydrothorax — h.  Tu-
barum Fallopii, Hydrosalpinx—h. Tympani, Hy-
dromyringa—h.Tympanites, Tympanites—h. Um-
bilicalis, Hydromphalum — h. Uteri, Hydrometra
— h. Aresi< iv felleae, Turgescentia vesiculae felleoe.
  HYDROPSIA, Hydrops.
  HYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'vbwp, ' water,'  and
ttvperos,  'fever;'  Febria audato'ria.  Fever with
sweating.  Hidropyretoa would be more  proper;
from 'tbpws,  ' sweat'  See Sudor Anglicus.
  IIYDRORA'CHIS, from  'vbwp, 'water,'  and
pa\ts,  ' the spine.'   Hydrorrhdchis,  Hydrora-
chltia,  Hydrorrhdchia,  Myeloch'yaia, Hydrops
Cavitcltis Columna Vertebra'lia, H. Spina verte-
bra'lia,  Hydropa medulla apina'lia, Hydroce'le
apindlia, Hydrorachltia apino'sa, Hydropa spina.
An effusion of serum, often owing to inflamma-
tion of the  spinal membranes — myelitis exsuda-
ti'va—and forming a soft, frequently transparent,
tumour,  constituted of the membranes  of  the
spinal marrow, which are distended and  project-
ing backwards from the vertebral canal, the pos-
terior paries of which, when the affection is con-
genital, is wanting to a certain extent—Spina
bifida,  Atelorachicl ia, Hydrora'chis  dehis'cens
seu congen'ita, Schistorrha'chis,  Splnola.  The
disease is often accompanied with paralysis of the
lower extremities.  It  is congenital, and situate
in the lumbar  or sacral regions.   It is almost al-
ways fatal: — the tumour rupturing,  and  death
occurring instantaneously.  On dissection, a sim-
ple separation or complete absence of the spinous
processes of the  vertebrae is perceived, with, at
times, destruction or absence of spinal marrow.
The treatment is the same as  in hydrocephalus
chronicus ; and, as in it, advantage seems occa-
sionally to have been derived by puncturing with
a fine needle.
  HvDRORAcins Dehiscens, see Hydroraehis.
  HYDRORACHITIS, Hydroraehis.
  HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele.
  HYDRORENALE DISTENSION,  Hydro-
nephrosis.
  HYDRORRHACHIA, llydrorachis.
  HYDRORRHACHIS, Hydroraehis — h. Con-
genita, see  Hydroraehis—h. Dehiscens,  see Hy-
droraehis.
  HYDRORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, serous.
  HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops.
  HYDRORRHEA, Hydrops.
  HYDRORRHOUS, Hydrops.
  HYDRORTHOPXCE'A,  from  'vbwp, 'water,'
and opBo-ioia,  'difficulty of  breathing, except in
the erect posture.'   Orthopnoea,  owing to a  col-
lection of water in the chest
  HYDROSAC'CIIARUM,   Aqua  sacchardta,
(F.) Eau suci-ee.  Sugared water.
   HYDROSAL'PIXX, Hydrops tnba'rum Fallo'-
 pii; from 'vbwp, 'water,' and  o-aXiriyf, 'a tube.'
 Dropsy of the Fallopian tube.
   HYDROSAR'CA, from 'vbwp, 'water,' and aapi,
 ' flesh.'   A tumour containing a fluid, as well as
 portions of flesh.  Also, Anasarca.
   HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  'vbwp, 'water,'
 oap%, 'flesh,' and xijln, 'a tumour.'  Sarcohydro-
 ce'le.   A tumour, formed by a sarcocele, compli-
 cated with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis.
   HYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  Oscheocele  aquo'sa,
 from  'vbwp, ' water,'  oaxeov, ' the scrotum,' and
 (ci?Xi7,  'rupture.'  A collection  of water in  the
 scrotum.   Hydrocele.
   HYDROSCHEONIE, Hydrocele.
   HYDROSCHEUM, Hydrocele.
   HYDROS IS,  Hidrosis.
   HYDROSTATIC  TEST OF  INFANTICIDE,
 see Docimasia.
   HYDROSUDOPATIIY, Hydrosudotherapeia.
   HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hydrop'athy,
 Hydrojtathla, Hydrosudop'athy, llydri'aeis, Ars
 hydriat'rica, Hydriatrla,  Water cure, (G.)AVas-
 sercur, from 'vbwp, 'water,' sudo, 'I sweat,' and
 6epa-cvw, ' I remedy.'  A badly compounded word,
 formed to express  the mode of treating diseases
 systematically by cold water, sweating, ttc.
   IFYDROSULPIIURET'TED WATER, Aqua
 hydrosttlphura'ta simplex, Aqua hepat'ica,  (F.)
 Eau hydrosulphuree simple.   (Sulphuret of iron
 1000  parts, sulphuric acid  2000 parts, distilled
 water 4000 parts; add the water to the acid, and
 put the sulphuret of iron into a retort, to which
 a AYolff's apparatus of five or six vessels is adapt-
 ed ; the last containing about an ounce of potassa,
 dissolved in a quart of water.  Pour the diluted
 acid gradually on the sulphuret, and, ultimately,
 throw away the  water in the last vessel. Ph. P.)
 It is  stimulant, diaphoretic, and deobstruent, (?)
 and is used in rheumatism, diseases of the skin, <fcc.
   It has been, also, called Ac"idum Hydrothion'-
 icnm liq'uidum.
   HYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMONIACUM
 AQUOSUM, Ammoniae sulphuretum—h. Ammo-
 niacum, Ammoniae  sulphuretum.
   HYDROTHION, Hydrogen,  sulphuretted.
   HYDROTHO'RAX, from  'vbwp,  'water,' and
 0aipa|, ' the chest'  Hydrops Thora'cis, Hydrops
 pec'toris, Hydrops pulmo'nis,  H. pleura,  Ste-
 thoch'ysis, Pleurorrhoe'a lymphat'ica,  PI. sero'sa,
 Dyspnce'a  et  Orthopnos'a hydrothorac"ica,.  (F.)
 Hydropisie de Poitrine, II. des Plerres, Dropsy
 of the Chest.   Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed by
 Laennec Hydropisie  des plevres, Dropsy of the
 Pleura, — by Piorry, Ilydropleuric, — is a  rare
 disease, and difficult  of diagnosis.   It generally
 exists only on one side, which, if the fluid effused
 be  considerable, projects  more than the  other.
 Dyspnoea, and fluctuation perceptible to the ear,
 are characteristic symptoms.   When the chest is
 examined  with  the  stethoscope, respiration is
 found  to be wanting  every where, except at  the
 root of the lung. The sound is also dull on  per-
 cussion.
   Effusion into  the  chest, as a result of inflam-
 mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common as
 the other is rare.  It is usually a fatal symptom.
 It has been called symptomatic hydrothorax.
   In hydrothorax, the course of treatment proper
 in dropsies in general, must be  adopted.  Diure-
 tics seem, here, to be  especially useful; probably
 on account of the great activity of pulmonary ab-
.; sorption. Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable.
|   Hydrothorax  Chylosus,  Chylothorax —h.
 Purulentus, Empyema.
   HYDROTICA, Hydragogues.
I   HY'DRO'TIS, from 'vbop,' water,' and ovy, gen- 
               HYDRURESIS

wros, ' the ear.'  Dropsy of the ear.  Properly,
an  accumulation  of  mucous  or  muco-purulent
matter in the middle  ear.
  HYDRURESIS, Diabetes.
  HYDRURIA, Diabetes, see Urine.
  HY'ERES.  This small town,  agreeably situ-
ate on the declivity of a hill, about two miles from
the Mediterranean, and twelve from Toulon, is the
least exceptionable residence in Provence for the
pulmonary invalid.   It is in some measure  pro-
tected from  the northerly winds; but not suffi-
ciently so from the  mistral to render it a very
desirable residence for the phthisical.—Sir James
Clark.
  HA'GEA, Hygiene, Sanitas.
  HYGEIA, Sanitas.
  HYGEISMUS,  Hygiene.
  HYGEOLOGY, Hygiene.
  HYGIANSIS, Sanitas.
  HYGIASIS, Sanitas.
  HYGIASMA, Medicament
  HYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRPNA.  The doctrine
of health.  The doctrine  of  the  restoration of
health.
  HYGIASTICUS, Salutary.
  HYGIEA, Sanitas.
  HYGIEIA, Hygiene, Sanitas.
  HYGIEINUS, Salutary.
  HYGIEIOLOGIA, Hygiene.
  HYGIENE (F.),  (generally Anglicised,  and
pronounced hygeene) from  'vyicia, 'health.'  Hy-
giene, Hygeis'mus, Hygielne, Hygie'sis, Hygiela;
Hygie'a, Hygela, Hygiene, Hygien'ics, Conserva-
tlva medicina, Hygeolog"ia, Hygieiolog"ia,  Hy-
geology, Hygiol'ogy ;  from 'vytns, 'healthy.'  The
part of medicine whose object is the preservation
of health.  It embraces a knowledge of healthy
man, both in society and individually, as well as
of the objects used and employed by him, with
their influence on  his  constitution  and organs.
See Regimen.
  HYTGIEN'IC, (F.) Hygienique.  Same etymon.
Relating  to Hygiene — as  'hygienic  precautions,
hygienic rules,' &c. &c.
  HYGIENICS, Hygiene.
  HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic.
  HYGIE'NIST.   One  who  understands  the
principles of hygiene.
  HYGIERUS, Salutary.
  HYGIESIS, Hygiene.
  IIYGIOLOGY, Hygiene.
  HYGRA,  from  'u<5ciip, 'water,'  or  'tiypo?, 'hu-
mid.'  Liquid plasters ;—Hygremplas'tra.
  HYGRASIA, Humour.
  HYGRECHE'MA,  from 'vypos, 'humid,' and
exnpa, ' sound ;' Son'itus flu'idi.   The sound' of
fluid, heard by auscultation, or otherwise.
  HYGREDON, Humour.
  HYGREMPLASTRA, Hygra.
  HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from 'vypos,' humid,'
and jiletpapov, 'eyelid;' Hygrophthal'mici.  The
excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland have been
so called.
  IIYGROCATARAC'TA; from 'vypos, 'humid,'
and xarapaxrns, 'cataract;' Catarac'ta liq'uida.
Liquid or fluid cataract.
  IIYGROCELE, Hydrocirsocele.
  IIYGROCOLLYRIA, see Collyrium.
  HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid.
  HYrGROL'OGY, Hygrolog"ia, from 'vypos,  'hu-
mid,' and loyos, ' a discourse.' The anatomy of
the fluids of the body.
  HYGRO'MA, from 'vypos, 'humid.' Tumnrcys'-
ticus aero'sus, Cys'tis scro'sa.  Dropsy of the bursae
mucosae.
  HYGROM'ETRY,  Hygromet'ria, Hygrosco'-
i6            IIYMENOGRAPIIY

pia; from 'vypos, 'humid,' and pnrpov, 'measure.
The part of physics which concerns the measure-
ment of the dryness or humidity of tho  atmo-
sphere.  It is probable, that  diseases are as  fre-
quently  caused by the varying moisture of the
atmosphere as by changes in its weight or tem-
perature.  The hygrometer ought, consequently,
to form part of every apparatus for medical  me-
teorological observations.
   HYGRON, Liquor.
   HYGROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
   HYGROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'vypos, 'humid,'
and otpQalpta, ' inflammation of the eye.'  Oph-
thalmia with much lachrymation.
   HYGROPHTHALMICI, Hygroblepharici.
   HYGROPISSOS, see Pinus sylvestris.
   HYGROSCOPIA, Hygrometry.
   HYGROTES. Humour, Liquor.
   HYGRUiAl, Humour.
   HY'LE, 'vin, Mate'ria, ' Matter.'  AVood. Ma-
teria Medica ; also, the Philosopher's stone.
   Hyle Iatrice, Materia Medica.
   HYLISIS, Colatio.
   HYLISMUS, Colatio.
   HYLISTER, Colatorium.
   HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  'vin, 'wood,'  and
tbayw, ' I eat'  One that  feeds upon the young
shoots of trees,  roots, <fec.  Hylophagous  tribes
yet exist in some parts of Africa.
   HYMASTATICS, Haemastatice.
   HYMEN, 'vpnv, which signifies  'marriage,'
'nuptial song,' 'membrane  or pellicle.'  Claue-
trum seu Flos seu Sigillum seu Custo'dia seu  Co-
lum'na seu Zona virgina'tis, Flos virgina'lis, Vir-
gin'ia, Cir'culus membrano'sus, Bucton, Interaep'-
tum virgina'le,  Cento  virgino'lia, Argumen'tum
Integritdtia,  Munimen'tum seu Zona  Caatitdtia,
Pannic'ulua hgmena'ua seu virgino'lia,  Eugion,
 Valvula vagina, Membran'ula luna'ta vagina,
 Virginal membrane.  The semilunar, parabolic,
or circular fold, situate at the outer orifice of the
vagina in  virgins,  especially during youth,  and
prior to menstruation.  This membrane is ordi-
narily ruptured by the  first venereal act, and is
effaced by accouchement; some irregular flaps
remaining, to which the name  Carun'cula Myr-
tifor'mea has been given by reason of their re-
semblance to the  leaves  of the myrtle.   Many
circumstances of an innocent character may oc-
casion a rupture or destruction of this membrane.
It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon
after birth; whilst it may remain entire after co-
pulation.  Hence the presence of the hymen does
not  absolutely prove virginity; nor does  its  ab-
sence prove incontinence; although its presence
would be primd facie evidence  of continence.
   Hymen, Membrane — h. Diaphatton, Mediasti-
num.
   HYMEN^EA,  see Copal—h. Courbaril,  see
Anime.
   HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRHEA.   Amenor-
rhoea occasioned by closure of the hymen.
   HYMEN'ICUS,  Hymeno'dea, from  'vpnv, 'hy-
men,' Ac.  Relating to the hymen.   Also, mem-
branous.
   HYMENI'TIS, from 'vpnv, 'a membrane,'and
it-is, denoting  inflammation.  Membranous  in-
flammation.  Inflammation of an internal mem-
brane.
   HYME'NIUM,   Membran'ula, diminutive of
'vpnv, ' a membrane.'   A fine, delicate membrane.
   HYMENODES,  Hymenicus.
   HYMENOGANGLIITIS, Cholera.
   HYMENOG'RAPHY, Hymenogrdphia, from
'vpnv,  'a membrane,'  and ypatpw, 'I describe.'
 That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip-
 tion of the different membranes.
4; 
IIYMENOLOGY
457
HYPEREMIA
  nYAfENOL'0(iAr, Hymenolog"ia,  from 'vpnv,
'a  membrane,'  and loyos,  'a description.'  A
treatise on the membranes.
  II Y M E X 0 R' RIIAPHY, Hymenorrha'phia ;
from 'vpnv, ' the  hymen,' and pa'tpn, ' a suture.' A
form of elytrorrhaphy, in which the  operation is
performed in the natural situation of the hymen.
  HYMEXOT'OMY, Hymenotom'ia,  from 'vpnv,
'a  membrane,'  and repvw,  ' I cut,'  'I dissect'
The part of anatomy which  treats of the dissec-
tion of the membranes.   The term has also been
applied to the incision of the hymen,  practised in
certain  cases of imperforation of the vagina, in
order to give exit to the  blood retained and  ac-
cumulated in the cavity of the uterus.
  HYMX1UM,  Amnios.
  11YO :  in composition, an abridgment of Hy-
oides, os.
  HYORASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
  HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
  HYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
  HYODEOTHYREODES,  Thyreohyoideus.
  HYODES, Hyoides.
  H Y O-EPIGLOT' TIC U S, Hyodepiglofticua.
Bolonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some
anatomists have given the  name Hyo-epiglottic
ligament to a bundle of condensed areolar tissue,
which passes from the posterior part  of the body
of the hyoid bone  to the base of the epiglottic
fibro-cartilage.
  HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHARYNGIEN,
Constrictor pharyngis.
  HYOGLOS'SUS, Hyodeo-glossus, Hyo-chondro-
glossus, Hypailogloaaua, Cer'ato-gloaau8 of Douglass
and Cowper : Basio-Cerato-Chondro-glosaus.   A
large, thin,  quadrilateral  muscle, situate at the
anterior and  superior part of the neck.  Its  in-
sertions at three different points of the os hyoides
permit it, to be divided  into  three portions:—the
first,  (Cerato-gloaaua of Albinus) is  attached to
the great  cornu of the os hyoides:  the aecond,
(Basio-gloaaua of Albinus,) arises from the supe-
rior part of the body of the  same bone; and the
third, (Chondro-glo88ii8 of Albinus,)  arises from
the lesser  cornu and the cartilage, situate between
the body and the greater cornu.  The fibres of
these three bundles are inserted into the lateral
and inferior parts of the tongue.  This muscle
depresses  the base of the tongue, or raises the os
hyoides, when the tongue is  fixed.
  HYO-THYREOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus.
  HYO-THYROID, Thyreo-hyoid.
  HYOID BONE, Hyoides,  os.
  HYOt'DES, OS, Oa Bicor'ne,  Oa hypaeldldea,
Oa  Lambdo'i'dea, Oa Gulturia, Os Lingua,  Os
Lingua'le,  Upsilo'ldes,  Ypailoides.   The Hyoid
Bone; from the Greek u, and ti<5os, 'shape.'  Hy-
o'i'deus, Hyo'des.  The hyoid bone is a very mo-
vable, osseous arch ; of a parabolic shape ; con-
vex before,  and  suspended  horizontally in  the
substance  of the soft parts of the neck, between
the base of the  tongue and the larynx.   This
bone, separated entirely from the rest of the ske-
leton,  is composed of five distinct portions, sus-
ceptible of motion on each other.  The first, and
most central, is the body of the hyoid, Ossic'ulum
me'dium Hyo'i'dis, which  affords attachment to
several muscles ; the two others  are  lateral, and
bear tho name of branches  or greater cornua.
The last two are  smaller, situate above the other,
and are known under the  name lesser cornua and
styloid cornua.  the Ossa  pisifor'mia lingua'lia
of Sommering.   The os hyoides is  ossified from
five points.
  Hyoides Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus.
  HYOIDEUS, Hyoides.
  HYOIDIS  QUARTUS MUSCULUS,  Omo-
hyoideus.
  HYOSCY'AMUS, from  'vs, 'a swine,'and
xvapos, 'a bean.'  Faba suilla, Bengi, Jusquia-
mite, Hyoscyamus  niger seu agres'tis, Apollind-
ria, Alter'cum, Ag'one, Altercrui'genon, Henbane,
Poison  Tobac'co,  Stinking nightahade, (F.) Jus-
quiaume,  Feve a  Coehon, Hanncbane,  PoteUe.
The leaves and seeds are  the parts used in  medi-
cine.  Their  odour is  narcotic and peculiar;
taste insipid and mucilaginous.  The virtues  are
yielded to proof spirit.  Hyoscyamus is narcotic,
anodyne, antispasmodic, and  slightly  stimulant
It is used as  a substitute for opium,  where  the
latter disagrees; and is applied, externally, as a
cataplasm  in  cancer and glandular  sweUings.
Dose, gr. iij to x of the powder.
  Hyoscyamus Agrestis, Hyoscyamus.
  Hyoscyamus Albus, White Henbane, possesses
similar virtues.
  Hyoscyamus Luteus, Nicotiana rustica — h.
Niger, Hyoscyamus — h. Peruvianus,  Nicotiana
tabacum.
  Hyoscyamus Scopolia, Scopollna atropdi'dea.
The herb  and root of this plant, which grows in
Hlyria, Hungary, Croatia, Gallizia, and Bavaria,
are used in the same cases as belladonna.  Dose
of the powder, half a grain.
  HYPACTICUS, Cathartic.
  HYP^E'MIA, from 'wo,  'beneath,' and 'aipa,
'blood;' Oliga'mia, Oligoha'mia, Ana'mia.  De-
ficiency of blood.—Andral.  Also, extravasaUcn
of blood.
  HYPAGOGE, Dejection.
  HYPAGOGUS, Laxative.
  HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalim'ma, Hypaleip'tum,
Hypalip'tum,  from 'vnaleitpw, 'I anoint'   An
ointment or liniment to  be rubbod or spread on
a part.
  HYPALEIPTRIS, Hypaleiptrum.
  HYPALEIP'TRON, Hypaleip'U-um, Hypaleip-
tria, Hypaliptrum,  Specillum, Sjiatha.  A sort
of spatula for spreading ointments.—Hipp.
  HYPALEIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron.
  HYPALEIPTUM, Hvpaleimma.
  HYPALIMMA, Hypaleimma.
  HYPALIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron.
  HVPAMAURO'SIS, from  W,  'under,'  and
amauroaia; Amauro'ais imperfecta.   Imperfect
amaurosis; Meramanro'sia.
  HYPAPOPLEXTA, from  'vro, 'under,' and
apoplexia.  An incomplete attack of apoplexy.
  HYPATMISMUS, Fumigation.
  HYPATMUS, Fumigation.
  HYPAUCnE'NIUM,  from Wo, 'under,' and
avxnv, 'the neck.'   A pillow  or cushion for  the
neck.
  HYPECCHORESIS. Dejection.
  HYPECCTIORETICUS, Laxative.
  HYPELATUS. Cathartic,  Laxative.
  HYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy.
  HYPEXANTIOSIS, Allopathy.
  HYPE'NE,  'vxnvn. The beard which grows
under the  chin, according  to some.  Also, .the
upper lip.—A^esalius.  See Mystax.
  HYPER, 'vttep,  'above,' 'in excess.'  Hence:
  HYPERACU'SIS.  Oxyecdia,  Hyperac'oe,
Phthongodyapho'ria, from 'virep, 'above,' and axon,
'audition.'   Excessive  sensibility of the organ
of hearing.
  HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperadcno'ma, Hyper-
troph'ia glandula'rum,  from  'virep,  'in  excess,'
and abyv, 'a gland.'   Hypertrophy of a gland.
  HA. PERiE'.AlIA, Hyperha'mia, Hamorme'sia,
(F-) Hyperemie, Angiohemie,  from Wp, 'above,' 
HYPER.EMIC
458
HYPERHORA
and 'aina,  'blood.'   Preternatural accumulation
of blood in the capillary vessels, more especially
local plethora;  congestion. — Andral.  A'arious
forms of hyperaemia are admitted by  patholo-
gists,— for example, the active or sthenic;  as  in
the phlegmasiae,—the asthenic or passive, from
weakness of vessels ; the cadaveric, or that whioh
forms immediately before or after death ; and the
hypostatic, which occurs in depending parts.
  Hyperemia Abdominis, Coeliaemia—h. Activa,
Inflammation—h. Capitis, Cephalaemia—h. of the
Brain, Stethaemia—h.  Cerebri, Cephalaemia—h.
Pectoris, Stethaemia—h. Pulmonum,  Stethaemia
—h. of the Lungs, Stethaemia,—h. Hepatic, He-
patohaemia.
  HA'PERjE'MIC, Hypera'micna,  Congea'ted,
Bloodshot.   Affected with hyperaemia.
  HYPERESTHESIA, Hyperaesthesis—h.  Lin-
guae, Ilypergeustia—h.  Olfactoria, Hyperosphre-
sia—h. Plexus cardiaci, Angina pectoris.
  HYTPER^ESTHE'SIS, Hyperaatha'aia, Oxy-
asthe'sia, (F.) Hyperesthesia, from 'virep, 'above,'
and aiaSnats, ' the faculty of feeling.'  Excessive
sensibility, impressibility, or passibility.
  HYPERjESTHET'ICA,same etymon. Agents
that are  conceived to augment general sensibility
—as strychnia, brucia, &c.  Pereira.
  HYPERANTHERA  MORINGA, Guilandina
moringa.
  HYPERANTHRAXIS, see Cholera.
  HYPERAPHTA,  Oxyaphe,  Oxyaph'ia, from
'vttep, ' in excess,' and 'ac6i?, ' touch.'  Excessive
acuteness of touch.
  HYPERAPHRODIS'IA,  from 'virep, 'in ex-
cess,  and Atppobtrn, ' Venus.'  Excessive venereal
desire.
  HYPERASTHENI'A, from 'virep, 'in excess,'
and aadeveta, ' weakness.'  Excessive debility.
  HYPERAUXE'SIS, from 'vttep, 'over,' 'above,'
and  av^nats,  'augmentation.'   Hyperepid'osis,
Excessive increase or enlargement of a part;—as
Ilyperauxe'sia Ar'idis, an excessive  enlargement
of the iris, so as to stop up the pupil.
  HYPERBOL'IC (attitude), from 'virep, 'above,
over,' and (iallw,  'I throw.'  'Excessive.' Galen,
by this term, designates  certain extraordinary at-
titudes, in which the limbs and vertebral column
are in a state of complete extension or flexion.
  IIYPERBO'REAN, from 'virep, 'beyond,'and
(Sopeas, ' the north wind.'  A race of men found
at the extreme north of  the two continents, in the
vicinity of  the polar  circle.  It includes  the Thi-
betans, Ostiaks, Kamtschadales, Laplanders, Sa-
moiedes, Esquimaux, &c.
  HYTERBU'LIA,  from 'virep, 'in excess,' and
fiovlv, ' will.'  Ungovernable will or volition.
  HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
  HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro-
phy of the.
  HYPERCATAPINO'SIS,  from 'virep, 'in ex-
cess,' and xarairtvetv, 'to  sip up.'   Excessive acti-
vity of absorption.
  HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Hyperine'aia, Hyperi-
nos, Superpurgdtio,  Effrenitdtio, from 'virep, ' in
excess,' and xaSapats, ' purgation.'  Superpurga-
tion.
  HYPERCENO'SIS, from 'virep, 'in excess,' and
xevwais, 'evacuation.' Excessive  evacuation, as
of blood, bile, &c.
  HYPERCERASIS, Staphyloma of the cornea.
  HYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor-
nea.
  HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia.
  HYPERCINE'SIA, Hypercine'ai8, from 'uirtp,
'above, over,' and xtvnais (xtvew, 'I move,') 'mo-
tion.'  Excessive  motion.  Under the term hy-
percineai8, Romberg includes the spasmodic neu-
roses.
  Hypercinesia Nervosa, see  Irritable — h.
Uterina, Hysteria.
  nYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri-
asis.
  HYPERCONJONCTIVITE, see Ophthalmia.
  HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,  from 'virep,  'above,'
and  xopvtpn,  'the  vertex;' the extreme point of
anything.  The lobes of the liver and lungs.—
Hippocrates.
  HYTERCRIN'IA, Hyperdiac'riaia, Clymoze'-
mia, from 'virep, 'above,' and xptvw, 'I separate.'
A morbid increase in the quantity of the  secre-
tions.
  HYPER'CRISIS, same etymon.  Superexcre'-
tio, Supereracua'tio. An excessive crisis, or eva-
cuation ; a flux. — A very violent, critical  effort,
or too copious critical evacuations.—Galen.
  HYPERCYESIS, Superfcetation.
  HY P E R D ERMATO'SIS, Hyperdermato'ma,
Hyperdermo'ais, Hyperdermo'mu,  from 'uTrrp, 'in
excess,' and beppa,  'skin.'   Hypertrophy of the
skin.
  HYPERDIACRISIS, Hypercrinia.
  HYPERDIURESIS, Diabetes.
  HYPERDYNAMIA, Hypersthenia.
  HYPERDYNAMIC, Hyperdynam'icna, from
'ti7rtp, 'in excess,' and bvvapts,  'strength.'  Ap-
pertaining to or having the characters of hyperdy-
namia, or excessive  strength—of the vital powers
more especially.
  HYPERECHEMA, see Exaggerated.
  HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated.
  HYPEREM'ESIS,  Hyperemea'ia;  Vom'itus
profu'aua, from virep,  'in excess,' and epew,  'I
vomit'   Excessive  vomiting after an emetic.
  HYPEREMIE,  Hyperaemia —A. du Cerveau,
Cephalohasmia—h. Cerebrate, Cephalohiemia —
h. du Foie,  Hepatohaemia—h.  de la Moelle epi-
niere, Hypermyelohsemia—h. dea Poumone, Ste-
thaemia.
  HYPERENCEPHALOTROPHIE; from
'virep, 'in excess,'  eyxetpalov, 'the encephalon,'
and rpotpn, ' nourishment'   Hypertrophy of the
encephalon.—Piorry.
  HYPERENCEPH'ALUS, from 'virep, 'above,'
and xetpdln,  'the  head.'  A monster whose  ex-
cessive brain is situate in the skull.
  HYPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation.
  HYPERENERGI'A,  from 'virep, 'in  excess,'
and  evepyeia, 'activity.'  Excessive activity,  as
of the nervous system.
  HYPEREPHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
  HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis.
  HYPERERETHIS'IA, from  'uirtp, 'in excess,'
and epedt^w,  ' I excite.'   Excessive irritability.
  HYPERES'IA, 'virepeata, 'a  ministry.'   This
word is sometimes applied to the organs;—when
it means function.
  HYPERESTHESIE, nyperaesthesis.
  HYPERETRIA,  Midwife.
  HYPERGEN'ESIS, from 'virep, 'in  excess,'
and yevcats,  'generation.'  The  excess of forma-
tive power, which gives occasion to monstrosities
by excess of parts.
  HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Hypergeu'sia,  Hypera-
athe'sia  lingua, Oxygeusia, from 'virep,  ' above,'
and yevans,  ' taste.'   Excessive  sensibility of the
organ of taste.
  HYPERILEMATOSIS, Inflammation.
  HYPERILEMIA, Hyperaemia.
  IIYPERHEPA TO TR OPIIIE, Hepatauxe.
  HYPERHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
  HYPERHO'RA,  from 'virep,  'in excess,'  and 
                HYPERICUM

'mpa, 'time.' Premature development of the body,
or of so-.ue part
  HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arbus'cula
gummifera, Brazilien'aia, Caa-opia.  A Brazilian
tree, whose  bark admits a juice, when wounded,
which resembles gamboge.
  Hypericum  Officinale,  H. perforatum—h.
Offieinaruin, II. perforatum.
  Hypericum Perfora'tum, Hypericum, II. offi-
cina'le seu ofiicina'ruin seu vu/ga're seu Virqin'i-
cum, Fuga  Da'nionum,  Androaa'mum,  Co'rion,
Perforated or  Common St. John's Wort, (F.) Mil-
Icpertuia ordinaire.  It is aromatic  and astrin-
gent, and enters into a number of aromatic pre-
parations; and, amongst others,  into the Fall-
trancka.   The  Oil of St. John'a  Wort,  O'leum
hyperiri,  Balaamum hyperici aim'plex,  is made
by infusing ^iv. of the flowers in a quart of olive
oil.  It is vulnerary.
  Hypericum  A'irginicum,  H. perforatum — h.
Vulgare, II. perforatum.
  HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
  HYPERINESIS, Hypercatharsis.
  HYPER IXOS, Hypercatharsis.
  HA'PEIilNO'SIS,  Ilyperplua'ma,  from 'uirtp,
'above,' and is, ivos,  'flesh.'  The condition of
the blood in which it contains an increase in the
proportion of fibrin, a decrease of the corpuscles in
proportion to the excess of fibrin, and an increase
of the fat,—as in inflammation.   In proportion
to the increase of the fibrin  and fat,  and the de-
crease of  the corpuscles, the whole solid residue
will be  diminished.  Also,  morbidly increased
muscular activity.—Siebenhaar.
  HYPERL\rMPHTA, (F.)Hyperlymphie; from
'uirtp, 'in excess,' and lympha.  Excessive forma-
tion or accumulation of lymph.
  HYPERMETROHEMIE, Metrohaemia.
  HA'PERMNE'SIA, from 'u7rtp, 'in  excess,'and
pvaopm, 'I recollect'   Excessive memory.
  HYPERMYHOLOILE'MIA, (F.)   Hyperemie
de la Moelle Epinih-e, Congestion sanguine rachi-
dienne,  from 'uirtp, 'in excess,' pvelos, 'marrow,'
and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Hyperaemia  of the spinal
marrow.
  H YPERNEPHROTROPHIE, from 'uirtp,
'in excess,' vetppos,  'kidney,' and rpotpn, 'nourish-
ment'  Hypertrophy of  the kidney.
   HATPERNEU'RIA, from 'virep, 'in  excess,'and
vevpov, ' a nerve.'   Excessive nervous activity.
  HYPERNEURO'MA,  same  etymon.   Morbid
development of the neurine  or nervous masses.
  IIY P E R 0 - PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn-
geus.
  IIYPERO'A, from 'uirtp,  'upon,'  and wov, 'a
high place.'  The palatine arch,—the base of the
cranium.
   Hyperoa, Palate.
  HYPEROPTIS, Inflamma'tio paidti, Angi'na
Palatina, (F.) Inflammation du Palais; from hy-
peroa, 'the palate,' and itis, a suffix  denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation  of the velum palati.
  HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from 'virepwa, ' the pa-
late, and  X11"!"1' ' an  opening ;' Lycos'toma, Pa-
Id turn fissum.   Fissure of the palate.
  HYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia.
  11YPEROS. Pilum.
  HYPEROSMIA, Ilyperosphresia.
  HYPEROSPHRE'STA, Hyperoa'mia, Hyper-
aathe'aia olfacto'ria, Olfac'tua acu'tus, from 'uirtp,
and oaippnats,  'smell.'   Excessive acuteness of
smell.
  HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis.
  TIYPERPATHFA, from 'uirtp, 'in  excess,'and
ita'Jos, 'suffering.'   Excessive sensibility in dis-
ease.
9                 HYPHE

  HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from 'virep, 'in excess,'
and  tple\p, ' a vein.'  Too great development of
the venous system ; predominant venosity.
  HYPERPHLEGMASIA, Hyperphlogosis.
  HYPERPHLOGO;SIS, Epiphlogo'sia, Hyper-
phlegma'sia,  Inflamma'tio peracu'ta, from 'uirtp,
'above,'  and ^Xoyuio-ij, 'inflammation.'  A high
degree of inflammation.
  HYPERPHRENIE, Mania.
  HYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia.
  HYPERPLASMA, Hyperinosis.
  HYPERPLEXIE, Ecstasis.
  HYPERPNEUSTIA, Flatulence.
  HYPERPRESBYTIA, Presbytia.
  HYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia.
  HYPERSARCO'MA,  Hypersarco'sis, Hyper-
aarx'ia, from  'uirtp, ' above,' and  crapf, ' flesh.'  A
soft  fungous  excrescence, especially such as ap-
pears upon ulcerated parts. — A fungosity.
  IIYPERSARCOSIS, Excrescence, Fungosity,
—h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
  HYPERSARXIS, Hypersareoma.
  HYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias.
  1IYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion.
  // YP ERSPLENO TR OP HIE, Splenoncus.
  HYPERSPONGIA,  Spina  ventosa.
  HYPERSTHENI'A, Hyperdyndmia, Hyper.
zoodyndmia, Status inflammato'rius rents; from
'uirtp, ' beyond,' and odivos,  ' strength.'  Super-
excitement  A  morbid condition, characterized
by over-excitement of all the vital phenomena.
  HYPERSTHENIC,  Stimulant.
  HYPERSTHENICUS, Active, Stimulant.
  HYPERTOXTA,  'uirtp, 'beyond,' and  rovos,
' tone.'   Excess of tone in parts.  It is opposed
to atony.
  HYPERTROPHjE'MPA, from 'uirtp,  'above,'
rpotpn, 'nourishment,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' A state
in which the plastic powers of the  blood are  in-
creased.
  HYPERTROPHIA  CEREBRI, Phrenauxe —
h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the — h. Glan-
dularum, Hyperadenosis—h. Hepatis, Hepatauxe
—h. Intestinorum, Enterhypertrophia—h. Lienis,
Splenoncus — h. Splenis, Splenoncus — h. Uteri,
Motrauxe—h. Vesicae  urinariae, Cvstauxe.
  HYPERTROPHIE DU CtEUR, Heart, hy-
pertrophy of the — h. du  Foie, Hepatauxe—h. de
la Rate, Splenoncus — h. du  Corps  Thyroide,
Bronchocele.
  HYPERTROPHIED,  see Hypertrophy.
  HYPERTROPHOUS,  see Hypertrophy.
  HY'PERTROPHY,  Ilypertropllia, from 'uirtp,
' beyond,' and  rpotpn,  ' nourishment'  The state
of a part in which the nutrition is performed with
greater activity; and which,  on that account, at
length acquires  unusual  bulk.  The part thus
affected is said  to be hypertrophied or hypertro-
phous.
  HYPERURESIS, Enuresis —h. Aquosa, Dia-
betes.
  HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes—h. Saccha-
rine, Diabetes (Mellitus.)
  HYPERZOODYNAMIA, Hypersthenia.
  HYPEX'ODOS, 'viretobos, from W, 'beneath,'
and e^obos, 'passing out.'  An alvine discharge
or flux. — Hippocrates.
  HYPEZOCUS, Diaphragm, Pleura.
  HYPHA, Texture.
 ■ HYP1PEMA, Ecchymoma.
  HYPH-EMATO'SIS, from  W, 'under,'  and
'atparwats, 'sanguification.' Morbidly diminished
haematosis. — Sanguifica'tio debil'ior.
  HYPII.EMOS, Subcruentus.
  HYPHE, Texture.
il 
                HYPHYDROS

   HYPHYDROS, Hydropic.
   HYPINO'SIS, Hypoplaa'ma,  from 'vro, 'un-
 der,' and is, ivos, 'flesh.'   The condition  of the
 blood in which the quantity of fibrin is frequently
 less tha'n in health, or if it amounts to the usual
 quantity, its proportion to the blood corpuscles
 is less than in health : the quantity of corpuscles
 is either absolutely increased or their proportion
 to the fibrin is larger  than in healthy blood; the
 quantity of solid constituents is also frequently
 larger than in health.  Such is the condition of
 the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polyaemia.
 — Simon.
   HYPNiESTHESIS, Somnolency.
   HYPXIA'TER, (F.) Hypniatre, from  'virvos,
 'sleep,' and tarpos, 'a physician.'  A name given
 to deluded or designing persons who have affirmed
 that they were able, during their 'magnetic sleep,'
 to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat-
 ment.
   HYPNIC, Hyp'm'cua, from 'virvos, 'sleep.'  An
 agent that affects sleep. — Pereira.
   HYPXOBATASIS, Somnambulism.
   HYPXOBATES, Somnambulist.
   HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism.
   HYPNOBATIA,  Somnambulism.
   HYPNO'DES, 'vnvwbns, from 'uro, 'under,'and
 'vnvos, 'sleep.'  One in a state of slumber or som-
 nolency.
   HYPNODIA,  Somnolency.
   HYPNOLOG"ICA, Hypnolog"ice.   The part
 of hygiene which treats of  sleep.
   HYPNOL'OGY, Hypnolog"ia, from 'virvos, and
 loyos, 'a discourse.'   Same  etymon.  A treatise
 on sleep.   The doctrine of sleep.
   HYPXOXERGIA,  Somnambulism.
   HYPNOPOEUS, Somniferous.
   HYPNOS, Sleep.
   HYPNOSIS BIOMAGNETICA,  Sleep, mag-
 netic.
   HYPNOTIC, Somniferous.
   H\"PXT0T1SM, Somnambulism, magnetic; see
 Magnetism, animal.
  HYPXOTIZED, see Mesmerized.
   HYPO, 'uiro, 'under,' 'sub.'  In composition.
  Hypo, Hypochondriasis.
  HYPOtEMA, Ecchymoma.
  HYPOXEMIA, Ecchymoma.
  HYPOBLEPH'ARUM, from W, 'under,' and
(llecpapov,  ' eyelid.'  Tumefaction  under one or
both eyelids.  Also, an artificial  eye, placed  un-
der the eyelids.
  HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffimentum.
  HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
  HYPOCARO'DES,  Subsopordtus, from 'uiro,
'under,' and xapos, 'a heavy sleep.'   One who is
in a state approaching carus. — Hippocrates.
  HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'uiro, 'beneath,' and
xaSapats, 'purgation.'  Too feeble purgation.  A
word opposed to  hypercatharsis.
  HYPOCATHARTICUS,  Laxative.
  HYPOCAUS'TUM, from  'u.to, 'beneath,'  and
xatw, ' I burn.'  A name given to a stove, or  any
such contrivance, to sweat in.   Also, a furnace
in any subterraneous place, used  for heating
baths : — 'viroxavarov, Balnea'rium, Vapora'rium.
  HYPOCEPHALiE'UM, from W, 'under,' and
xeipaln, 'head.'  A pillow for the head.
  HYPOCERCHA'LEON,  from  W,  and  *tp-
Xaltos, ' hoarse.'   Roughness of the fauces  affect-
ing the voice. — Hippocrates.
  HYPOCHLORETUM SULPHUROSUM, Sul-
phur, chloride of.
  HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS, sub-pallide nigri-
cans, from 'uiro, x*uip°fj 'green,' and pelas, 'black.'
>0              HYPOCCELIUM

 A term applied to one whose skin is pale, with a
 blackish hue.— Hinpocr., Galen.
   HYPOCHOILION, Abdomen.
   HY'POCHONDRE, Hypoehon'drium,  Subcar-
 tilagiileum, Re'gio Hypochondri'aca, Hypochoil-
 driac Region, from 'uiro,  'under,' and  ^ovopoj, 'a
 cartilage.'   Each  lateral and  superior region of
 the abdomen is  so called, because it is bounded
 by the cartilaginous margin  of  the  false ribs,
 which forms the base of the  chest.  There is a
 right and a left hvpochondrium.
   HYPOCHONDRIAC, Hypochondriacs, Hy-
 pochondriacal, Va'poury, Ya'jionrish, (F.) Hypo-
 chondriaque.  Same etymon.  Belonging to hy-
 pochondriasis.  One labouring under hypochon-
 driasis.
   HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS.IIypochondriasis.
   HYPOCHOXDRIALGIA, Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOCHONVRIAQUE, Hypochondriac.
   HYPOCHONDRIASIS.  Same etymon. Alu'-
 eia hypochondriaaia, Morbua hypochondrlacua, M.
 Reaiccato'rina, M. Rnctuo'aua,  Malum  hypochon-
 dri'acum, Hallucina'tio hypochondriasis, IIi/po-
 thondriacis'mus, Hypochondricis'mus, Dyspep'sia
 hypochondriasis, Pas'sio hypochondriaca, Affec'-
 tio hypochondriaca, Anathymlasis, Hypercine'sia
 gastrica, Splenes, Melancholia nervea, M.fiatuo'-
 8a, M hypochondri'aca, Suffoca'tio hypochondri-
 aca. Morbus fiafuo'avs, M. erudito'rum, Fomea ven-
 tric'uli, Hypochondrism,  Hypo, Spleen, Vapoura,
 Engliah Malady,  Low  Spirits, (F.) Hypochon-
 drie, Maladie imaginaire, Maladie Auglaise, Af-
 fection vaporeuee, Vapeurs.  This disease is pro-
 bably so called, from the circumstance of somo
 hypochondriacs having felt an uneasy sensation
 in the hypochondriac regions.  The disease seems
 really to be, as Pinel has classed it, a  species of
 neurosis, and of mental  alienation, which is ob-
 served in persons who  in  other respects are of
 sound judgment,  but who reason erroneously on
 whatever concerns their own health. Hypochon-
 driasis is  characterized by disordered digestion,
 without fever or local lesion ;  flatulence; borbo-
 rygmi; extreme increase of sensibility; palpita-
 tions ; illusions of the  senses ; a  succession of
 morbid feelings,  which appear to  simulate  the
 greater part of diseases;  panics;  exaggerated
 uneasiness of various kinds; chiefly in what re-
 gards  the health, <fec.  Indigestion has  usually
 been  considered  the  cause  of hypochondriasis.
 They are, unquestionably, much connected with
 each other:  but there is every reason to believe,
 that the seat of  the  affection is really,  though
 functionally, in the brain.  The disease almost
 always appears at the adult age, most commonly
 in irritable individuals ; and, in those exhausted,
 or rather  in the habit of being  exhausted, by
 mental  labour, overwhelmed  with  domestic  or
 public affairs, &c.
   The treatment is almost entirely moral.  The
 condition of the digestive function must, however,
 be accurately attended to.
   HYPOCHONDRICISMUS,  Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOCHONDRISM, Hypochondriasis.
   IIYPOCHOREMA, Excrement.
   HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, Ex-
 crement.
   HYPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic.
   HYPOCHYMA, Cataract.
   HYPOCHYROSIS. Baryeeoia.
   HYPOCHYSIS ILEMATODES,Hoemophthal-
 mia.
   HYPOCISTIS,  Cvtinus.
   HYPOCLEP'TICUM,  from 'uiro,  'beneath,'
 and  xleirrw,  ' I steal.'  A  chymical vessel, for-
 merly used for separating oil from water.
   HYPOCTELLS, Palpebra inferior.
   HYPOCCELIUM, Abdomen.
4 
IIYPOCCELUM
461
HYPOPEDIUM
    HYPOCCELUM, nypocoilon, Palpebra inferior.
    IIY POCO I' LON,Hypocte'lon, Hypocte'lum, Hy-
 poc'yluin, from  'uiro,  'under,' and xoilov,  'a ca-
 vity.'  A cavity situate under the lower eyelid.
 The lower eyelid itself.
    HYPOCOPHO.SIS, Baryeeoia, Deafness.
    II\ POCRA'NIUM (AposTEMA),from 'uiro, 'un-
 der,' and xpaviov, ' the cranium.'   A collection of
 pus between the cranium and dura mater.
    1IYPOCYLU.M, Hyiiocoilon, Palpebra inferior.
    HYPOCYS I'EOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
    UYPODERIS, Epideris.
    11Y P() 1) E R M AT'OM Y, Hypode rmatom'ia,from
 'uiro, 'under,' beppa, ' the skin,' and ropn, 'inci-
 sion.'  The  section of subcutaneous parts, as of
 tendons and muscles.
    IIYPODERMIS, Clitoris, Epideris.
    IIYPODERRHIS,  Epideris.
    HYPODESAIA, Bandage.
    HYPODYNAMIA Adynamic.
    HYPODYN'IA, from 'uiro, 'under,' and obwn,
 'pain.'   Dolor mitis seu lenis.  A slight pain.
    HYPOGALA, Hypopyon.
    HYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'viroyaarptov, 'the
 hypogastrium,'  and  alyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the
 hypognstrium.
    HYPOGAS'TRIC,  Hypogas'tricus.  Relating
 or belonging to the hypogastrium.
    Hypogastric  Artery,  A. Iliaca inter'na, A.
 Iliaca paste'rior, A. pelvienne—(Ch.), is the more
 internal of the two branches into which the pri-
 mary iliac divides.  It descends into the cavity
 of the pelvis? and gives off a considerable number
 of branches, which arise, at times, separately; at
 others, by common trunks.   These branches are,
 1. The posterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la-
 teral, sacral,  and gluteal.  2. The anterior, i. e.
 the umbilical, vesical, and obturator.  3. The in-
 ternal, the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine,
 and vaginal in women.  4.  The inferior, i. e. the
 iachiatic  arteries, and internal pudic.
    Hvpogas'tric  Gan'glion.  A  large  nervous
 ganglion, described by Dr. Robt. Lee as seated
 on each side of the cervix uteri, immediately be-
 hind the  ureter;  which receives the greater num-
 ber of the nerves  of  the hypogastric and sacral
 plexuses, and distributes  branches to the uterus,
 vagina, bladder,  and rectum.
    Hypogastric  Operation op Lithotomy, (F.)
 Taille hypogastrique.  The high operation,  or
 that practised above the pubes.
   Hypogastric Fluxes,Plexus 8ona-meaenterique
 of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior
 parts of the rectum and the baa fond of the blad-
 der.  It  is formed by the sacral nerves and the
 inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives off numerous
 filaments, which accompany the arteries that pass
 to the rectum and genital organs.
   Hypogastric A'ein  furnishes nearly the same
 branches.
   HYPOGASTRION, Abdomen, Hvpogastrium.
   HYPOGAS'TRIUM, Hypogaa'trion, from 'uiro,
 'under,'  and  yaarnp,  'the stomach  or belly;'
 Etron, nTpxv,  Venter  imus,  V. parvua, Aqualic'-
 ulua, Sumen, Rumen.   The lower part of the ab-
 domen.  The  Hypogastric region, Re'gio hypo-
 gas'trica seu hypogas'tria, which extends as high
 as  three fingers'  breadth beneath  the umbilicus,
 is divided into  three  secondary  regions — one
 middle or pubic, and two lateral or inguinal.
   HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  'iro,  'under,'
 yaarnp,  'the  stomach  or belly,' and xnln, 'a tu-
 mour.'  Hernia in the hypogastric region, occur-
 ring through  tho separated fibres of the lower
 part of tho linea alba.   See Hernia, hypogastric.
   HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus  Sym-\
phyohypogas'tricus, Ischiopa'gea, from 'uiro,  ' un- !
 dcr,' yaarnp, 'the belly,' and btbvpos, 'a twin.' A
 monstrosity in which twins  are united by the
 hypogastrium.—Gurlt.
   HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration.
   HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides.
   HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides.
   HYPOGLOSSIADEXPTLS, from Wo, 'under,'
 ylwaaa, 'tongue,' abnv, 'a gland,' and itis, deno-
 ting  inflammation.   Inflamma'tio glant/nla'rum
 sublingua'lium.  Inflammation of the sublingual
 gland.
   HYPOGLOSSIDIA, Hypoglottides.
   HYPOGLOSSIS, Ranula.
   HYPOGLOSSIUM, Ranula.
   HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus  hypoglossum,  Ra-
 nula.
   HYPOGLOS'SUS, from 'uiro,  'under,'  and
 ylwaaa, 'the tongue.'  That which is under the
 tongue.
   Hypoglossus, Hypoglossal Nerve, Nerf Hypo-
 glosse ou  Grand Hypoglosse, Hypoglossien (Ch.),
 Lingual N, Gustatory N., Lingua lis Me'dius, is
 the ninth pair of nerves of many anatomists.  It
 arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from
 the  grooves, which separate the corpora pyrami-
 dalia from  the C. olivaria; issues from the cra-
 nium by the foramen condyloideum anterius; and
 divides, near  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  into  two
 branches; the one, the cervica'lis deacendena or
 deacen'dena noni.   It forms,  with the cervical
 plexus, a  large anastomotic arch, and furnishes
 branches to several of the muscles of the neck.
 The other, the lingual branch,  is the continuation
 of the principal trunk, and gives its numerous
 filaments  to the muscles of the tongue and pha-
 rynx.  The ninth  pair communicates motion to
 the muscles to which it is distributed.
   HYPOGLOTTIA, Hypoglottides.
   HYPOGLOTT'IDES, (PILULE,) Hypoglos'-
 sia, Hypoglot'tia, Hypoglos'sa, Hypoi/lot'ta, Hy-
 poglossid'ia, Pilula snblingna'les.  Pills placed
 under the tongue to dissolve there.
   HYPOGLOTTIS, Ranula.
   HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'uiro,  'under,' and yXou-
 roj,  'the nates.'  The lower and projecting part
 of the nates.— Gorraeus.
   HYPOGXATHADEN, Submaxillary gland.
  HYPOGNATHADENFTIS.-fTi/juosu'iiWeiu'ri*,
 from hypognathaden, the submaxillary gland, and
 itis,  denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
 submaxillary gland.
  HYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy.
  HY'PO'MIA, from 'uiro,  'under, and wpos, 'the
 shoulder.' The projecting part of the shoulder.—
 Castelli, Galen.
  Hypomia, Axilla.
  HYPOMNESIS,  Memory.
  HYPONARTHECIE,  Hyponarthe'cia, from
 'uiro, ' under,' and vapdnZ, ' a splint' A term used
 by M. Mayor for his mode of  treating fractures
 by position only, — the limb resting upon a pro-
 perly cushioned board or splint
  HYPONEU'RIA, from  'viro, 'under,'and vtu-
 pov,  'a nerve.'  Morbidly diminished  nervous
 energy.
  HYPON'OMOS, Ulcus snbtus depas'cens, from
 'uiro,  ' under,' and vspw,  ' I feed.'  A deep fistula
 or ulcer.
  HYPON'YCIION, from W, 'under,' and owl,
 'the  nail.'   Ecchymo'ma Hyponychon.  Effusion
 of blood under a nail.
  HYPOPATHI'A, Subaffec'Ho.  from 'uiro, 'un-
der,'  and iraduc, ' disease.'   A disease of a slight
character.
  HYPOPATUS, Dejectio.
  HYPOPE'DIUM, from 'uiro,  'under,' and irovs,
' the  foot,'  A cataplasm for the soie of the foot 
HYPOPHASIS               462           IIYPOXYS ERECTA
  nYPOPH'ASIS, from 'uiro, 'under,' and tpatvw,
' I appear.'  The state of the eyes in which the
white only is seen through the opening  of the
eyelids. — Hippocrates.
  HYPOPHLEGMASIA, Subinflammatio.
  HYPOPH'ORA, from 'uiro, 'under,' and tpepw,
' I carry ;'  Ulcua sinuo''sum seu fiatulo1'sum. A fis-
tulous ulcer. — Galen.  A dejection.
  HYPOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon.
  HYPOPHTHAL'MION,  from  'uiro,  'under,'
and otpSalpos, ' the eye.'  That part under the eye
where  oedema generally commences in chronic
diseases and in cachexia. — Hippocrates.
  HYPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone —h. Cere-
bri, Pituitary gland.
  HYPOPTTYS   LANUGINO'SA,  American
Pine-saj], False Beech-drops, Birds' ATest.  Indi-
genous ;  flowering from  June to August.  Order,
Ericaceae.  Used as a nervine in the form of the
powdered root.
  HYPO'PIUM,  from  'uiro,  'under,'  and  wif,
' eye.'  The part of the  face under the eye: — a
black eye.
  Hypopium Os, Malae os.
  HYPOPLASMA, Hypinosis.
  HYPOPLAST^E'MA, from 'uiro, 'under,' irXao-
nxos, 'formative,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' Diminished
plasticity of the blood.
  HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura.
  HYPOPO'DIA,  Supplantdlia,  Suppeddnea,
from 'uiro, 'under,' and  7rouj,  'the foot'  Reme-
dies, as  sinapisms, which are applied under the
foot.
  HYPOPYON,  Hypop'yum,  Hypophthal'mia,
Pyophthalmia,  Empye'sis seu Diapye'sis Oc'uli,
Oc'ulus purulen'tus,  Lunella, Hypog'ala, Hypo-
pyum lac'teum, Pyo'sis, Abscessus Oc'uli, Parap'-
sis Staphylo'ma purulentum; from 'uiro, 'under,'
and  irvov, ' pus;'  because the pus is under the
cornea.  This name  has been given to  small ab-
scesses between the laminae of the cornea, as well
as to different purulent collections in the cham-
bers  of the eye; hence, some pathologists  have
distinguished Hypop'yon of the chambers  from
Hypop'yon of the Cor'nea.   In abscesses of the
chambers, the purulent matter is mixed with the
aqueous  humour, which it renders turbid; and is
deposited particularly at the lower part of the
eye; forming behind the cornea a kind of whitish
crescent, that rises more or less before the pupil,
and  closes it entirely or  in part.  It requires the
use of local and general  antiphlogistics, and sor-
befacicnts.  At times, it is necessary to puncture
the cornea and evacuate the  pus.
  HYPOPYUM LACTEUM, Hypopyon.
  HYPORIN'ION,  Hyporrhin'ium, from  'uiro,
'under,'  and ptv,  'the  nose.'   That part of the
beard which grows beneath the nose.   The  mus-
taches.  Also, the upper lip.
  HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus.
  HYPOSA'PRUS, Subputris, Putres'cens. Grow-
ing putrid.  Slightly putrid.
  HYPOSAR'CA, from 'uiro, 'under,'  and  aap%,
'flesh.'  Hyposarcid'ius, Anasarca.   In Linne's
and  in Cullen's Xosology, it is synonymous with
Physconia.
  HYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca.
  HYPOSARCO'SIS,  from  'uiro,  'under,'  and
aapxwais,  'a. fleshy  growth.'   A  small,  fleshy
growth :—a'wart.
   HYPOSIAGOXARTHRPTIS, from  'uiro, 'un-
dor,  aiaywy, ' the jawbone,' apOpov, 'ajoint,' and
if»'«,  denoting inflammation ; Infiamma'tio artic'-
itli maxilla inferio'ris.  Inflammation of the joint
of the lower jaw.
   HYPOSIALADENITIS, Hypognathadenitis.
  HYPOSPA'DIA, from 'uiro, 'under,' and airaw,
' I draw.'  A malformation, in which  the  canal
of the urethra, instead of opening at the apex of
the glans, terminates at its base, or beneath the
penis, at a greater or less distance from the sym-
physis pubis.  AVhen the orifice of tho urethra is
very near the root of the penis, the scrotum is
divided,  as  it were, into two great labia; and
this malformation has often been taken for a case
of hermaphrodism.   Hypospadias is  ordinarily
incurable; and an idea has been entertained that
it is the  cause of impotence.  It is not exactly
so ; but it renders impregnation less probable.
  HYPOSPA'DIAS, Hypospadia'us, Hypospad-
ias.  One affected with hypospadia.
  HYPOSPHAG'MA,  from 'uiro,  'under,' and
atpa^w, 'I kill.'  The coagulated blood, which is
collected when an animal is  killed and used for
food.  Also, an effusion of blood, especially under
the conjunctiva.
  Hyposphagma, Haemophthalmia.
  HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphyloedema.
  IIYPOSTAPHYLITIS, Staphyloedema.
  HYPOS'TASES, from 'uiro, 'under,' and araais,
'the act of placing.'  Morbid depositions in  the
body.
  HYPOSTASIS, Sediment.
  HYPOSTAT'IC, Hypostal icus, from 'uro, 'un-
der,' and araais, 'stagnation.'  Relating to hy-
postases, sediments or depositions.
  Hypostatic Hyperemia.   A congestion of
blood in  the vessels of a part caused  by its  de-
pending position.
  HYPOSTEMA, Sediment.
  HYPOSTHENIC, Contrastimulant
  HYPOS'TROPHE, 'uiroo-rpoi/m, ' change) of po-
sition,' from 'uiro, and arpitpw, ' I turn.'  Act of a
patient turning himself.  Also, a relapse or return
of a disease. — Hippoc,  Foesius.
  HYPOSYPH'ILIS, from 'uiro,  'under,' and
Syphilis.  A mild form of syphilis.
  HYPOTH'ENAR, Sub'vola, from 'uro, 'under,'
and &evap, 'the palm of  the  hand or sole of  the
foot' Hgpothenar Eminence. The fleshy projec-
tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which cor-
responds with the little  finger, and is  supported
by the fifth  metacarpal bone.  This eminence is
formed of four muscles :  the Palmaris breris, Ad-
ductor minimi digiti, Flexor brevis minimi  di-
giti, and Opponens minimi digiti.  The  name
Hypothenar has also been given to different mus-
cles of the hand.  The Hypothenar min'imi digiti
of  Riolan comprehended the Abductor, Flexor
brevis and Opponens minimi digiti ; and his mus-
cle, Hypothenar pol'licis, corresponded to the Ab-
ductor, and a portion of the Flexor breris pollicis.
Winslow called muscle petit hypothenar ou hypo-
thenar du petit doigt, the Adductor minimi digiti.
   Hypothenar  Minimi Digiti,  Flexor parvus
minimi digiti—h. Minor metacarpeus, Abductor
minimi digiti—h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi
digiti.
   HYPOTHETON, Suppository.
   HYPOTHYMIAMA,  Fumigation.
   HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation.
   HATO'TIUM, (Emplastrum;)  from 'uiro, 'un-
der,' and ovs, 'the ear.'  Emplastrum auricula're;
a plaster applied behind or under the  ear.          i
   HYPOTROPE, Relapse.
   HYPOTROPHTA/rom'uiro, 'under,' and rpotpn,
' nourishment' Scanty nourishment, or nutrition.
   HYPOTROPIASMUS, Relapse.
   IIYPOTRYGUS, Feculent.
   HYPOUTRION, Abdomen.
   HYPOX'YS ERECTA, Stargrass; indige- 
                 HYPOZOMA

nous; Order, Amaryllidaceae.  The root is eaten,
and has been used as a vulnerary; and in chronic
ulcers and agues.
  HYPOZO'MA, from 'uiro, 'under,'and t,wwvpi,
'I bind round;' Membrana anccin'gene.  A mem-
brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm,
<fec.
  HYPPOCRAS, Claret.
  HYPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
  HYPSILODES, OS, Hyoides, os.
  HYPSILOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
  HYPSOPIJO'NUS,from'ui//of, 'high,'and^cow?,
'voice.'  One who has a clear loud voice.
  I1YPSOSIS,  Sublimation.
  HYPTIASMA, Supination.
  HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'virria'w, 'I lie with the
face upwards.'  Lying in a supine posture. Also,
inversion of  the stomach, as  in  nausea, regurgi-
tation, or vomiting. — Hippocr.,  Galen.
  HYPU'LUS, from 'uiro,  and  ouXi;, 'cicatrix.'
Imperfectly cicatrized.
   Ulccra Hypu'la.  Ulcers  healed at the top, but
not at the bottom.
  IIYRA'CEUM.   A  substance found in  the
Cape Colony, which Thunberg and other travel-
lers mistook for a kind of bitumen ; but, accord-
ing to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of
the Klipdaa or Hyrax Capenaia, which, when
passed,  is thick and of a glutinous nature.   The
animal  is in the habit of evacuating the urine at
one spot,  where its aqueous  parts evaporate in
the sun — the more tenacious  adhering to the
rock and hardening.
   In  smell, and medical properties, it  most re-
sembles castor, which,  according to Dr.  Pappe, it
may replace.  It is used by the  Cape farmers in
nervous and  spasmodic affections.
   HYRAX  CAPENSIS, see Hyraceum.
   IIYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi.
   HA'SSOP,  Hyssopus — h. Hedge,  Gratiola offi-
cinalis.
   HYSSOPI'TES.   Ancient name of a wine, of
which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and which
Dioscorides extolled in chronic  inflammation of
the chest  It was regarded as diuretic  and  em-
menagogue.
   HYSSO'PUS, from  the  Hebr. Azob,  Caaai'la,
Flyssopus offidna'lia, Common hyaaop.  It has been
chiefly used as an aromatic, stimulant, and pecto-
ral, in the form of infusion.
  HA'STERA,'uortpa,'uortpi7,'theuterus.' Hence:
   Hystera,  Secundines.
   HYSTERAL'GIA, Hyaterodyn'ia,  (F.)  For-
traiture, from  "uortpa, ' the uterus,' and alyos,
• (lain.'  Pain in the uterus. Irritable uterus, (F.)
Sevralgie de Vuterus.  Hippocrates uses the epi-
thet Hysteralges, varepalyns,  for any thing  that
excites  uterine pain ; and, especially, for vinegar.
   Hysteralgia Catarrhalis, Metrorrheuma—
h. Galactica, Phlegmatia alba dolens—h. Lochi-
alis, Dy.-lochia — h. Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma,
   HY/STERATRE'SIA,  from Wtpa,  'the  ute-
rus,' and arpnros,  'imperforate.'  Imperforation
of the os uteri.
  HYSTERELCO'SIS, from 'varepa, 'uterus,' and
'elxos,' an ulcer.'  U'teri exulcerdtio, U'teri ulcus.
Ulceration Of the uterus.
  HYSTERELOSIS, Hvsteroloxia.
  HYSTEREAIPHYSEMA, Physometra.
  HYSTE'RIA, If. vaga, Hystcricis'mus,Hyateri8-
mus. Hysterias, Hyaterlaaia, Hysteropathi'a, Hy-
perduc'siti uterina, II. hyste'ria, Uteri athceil-
stts, Snfl'oca'tio hyster'ica, S. uterina, S. Mulie'-
rum,  Asthma u'teri, Prafocdtio matri'cis seu
uterina, Sy spa's in  hysteria, Malum  hyster'icum,
M.  hystericohypochondri'acum, Vapo'res uteri'ni,
3             HYSTEROLOGY

 Affec'tio hyster'ica, Pasaio hyaterica, Morbus hy-
 ater'icua, Strangula'tio  uterina, S. Vulva,  Va-
poura, Hyster'ica, Hyateric fit, (F.) Ilyaterie, Mal
 de Mere, Maladie imaginaire, Paaaion hy8terique,
 Suffocation uterine, Etranglement, Epilepaie ute-
 rine,  Vapeura, Manx de Nerfs, from 'varepa, 'the
 uterus.' A species of neurosis, classed amongst the
 spasmi by Sauvages and Cullen, and in the Ner-
 roses de la generation, by Pinel.   It received the
 name of hysteria, because it was reputed to have
 its  seat  in the uterus.   It  generally occurs in
 paroxysms; the principal characters of which con-
 sist in alternate fits of laughing and crying, with
 a sensation as if a ball set out from the uterus
 and ascended towards  the  stomach, chest, and
 neck, producing a 6ense of strangulation.  If the
 attack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of con-
 sciousness (although the presence of conscious-
 ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and
 convulsions.  The duration of the attacks is very
 variable.  It appears to be dependent upon irre-
 gularity of nervous  distribution in very impressi-
 ble persons, and  is not confined to the female;
 for well marked cases of hysteria are occasionally
 met with in men. During the fit,— dashing cold
 water on the  face; stimulants applied to the nose
 or exhibited internally,  and  antispasmodics form
 the therapeutical agents.  Exercise, tranquillity
 of mind, amusing and agreeable  occupations con-
 stitute the prophylactics.  See Mania, dancing.
  Hysteria  Cataleptica, Catalepsy — h. ATaga,
 Hysteria,
  HYSTERIAS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERICA, see Hysterical.
  HYSTERICAL, Hystericus, Va'pourish,  IV-
 pouring, (F.) Hyste'rique. Same etymon as hys-
 terical.  Relating to, or affected with hysteria.
  The word hysterica was used by Martial  for a
 female affected with nymphomania or with strong
 sexual desires.
  HYSTERICISMUS,  Hysteria.
  HYSTERICS,  Hysteria.
  HYSTERIE, Hysteria.
  HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERITES, Hydrometra.
  HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra.
  HYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma.
  HYSTEROCE'LE, from 'varepa, 'the womb,'
 and xnln, 'hernia.'  Hernia uteri. Hernia  of the
 womb.  This is a rare disease.   The womb  may
 protrude through the inguinal or the crural canal,
 or through the lower part of the linea alba.
  Hysterocele Nuda, Prolapsus uteri.
  IIYSTEROCOLICA,  Colica uterina.
  HYSTEROCXES'MUS: from 'varepa, 'uterus,'
 and xvnapos, 'itching.'   Pruritus of the uterus or
 genitals.
  HYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy.
  HYSTERO-CYSTIC, Hys'terocys'ticus,  from
 'varepa,  'the uterus,' and xvans,  'the bladder.'
 Relating to the uterus  and bladder.  Some au-
 thors have called Hyatero-cyatic Retention of urine,
 that which is caused by the compression  of the
 bladder by the uterus, during pregnancy.
  HYSTERO-CYSTOOE'LE, from 'ucrrtpa, 'the
 womb,' xvans, ' the bladder,' and  xr,ln. 'a tumour.'
 nernia of the uterus complicated with displace-
 ment of the bladder.
  HYSTERODYNIA, Hysteralgia.
  HYSTERCEDEMA. Hydrometra.
  HY'S'TEROID, Hyatero'dee, Hyateroi'dea, from
 ' hysteria,' and etbos, 'resemblance.' Resembling
 hysteria;—as a hysteroid disease, symptom, &c.
  HYSTEROL'OG Y, IIysterolog"ia, from 'varepa,
 'the uterus,'  and loyos, 'a description.'  A trea-
 tise on the sound and morbid uterus.
4C 
HYSTEROLOXIA             464             IATROTECIIXA
  nYSTEROLOX'IA,  Hyaterelo'aia, Oliq'uitaa
u'teri, Situs obllquus uteri, Plexio seu Versio in-
comple'ta uteri, Inclimltio uteri, Metrolox'ia, Me-
trocamps'is, Uterus obllquus, U. Inclintltus; from
'uortpa,  ' the  uterus,' and  lo^os,  ' oblique.'   An
oblique  position  of the uterus, occurring during
pregnancy.  Anteversion of the uterus,  Hystero-
lox'ia anterior, Anteveraio uteri, Prona'tio uteri,
Venter propendens ; and Retroversion of the ute-
rus,  Hysterolox'ia  posterior,  Retrover'sio uteri,
Rellex'io uteri completa, are varieties.
  HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Hysteromalaco'sis, Hy-
steromalaco'ma, Metromalaco'sis, Metromalaco'ma,
Malaco'sis uteri, Emollit" iea  uteri  morbosa, Pu-
tresceii'tia u'teri  grav'idi, from 'varepa,  ' the ute-
rus,' and palaxia, 'softness.'   Softness of the ute-
rus during pregnancy,  which  renders it liable to
rupture in labour.
  IIYSTEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia.
  HYrSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  HYSTEROMOCHLIUM, Lever.
  HYSTERON'CUS, from Wtpa, 'the uterus,'
and oyxos, ' tumour.'  Tumor uteri.   A tumour of
the uterus.
  nYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS, from  Wtpa,  'the
uterus,' and irapalvais,  'paralysis.'   Paralysis of
the uterus.
  HYSTEROPATHFA, from 'varepa, ' the ute-
rus,' and irados, ' suffering.'  Disease or suffering
in the uterus.  Also, hysteria, and deuteropathia.
  HYSTEROPHYSE, Physometra.
  IIYSTEROPIPYSIS, from 'varepa, 'the ute-
rus,' and tpvan, ' wind.'  Distention of the uterus
with air ;  Emphysema uteri.
  HYSTEROPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis.
  HYSTEROPOLYPUS, Metropolypus.
  HYSTEROPSOPHIA, Physometra.
  HYSTEROPTO'SIS, from  'varepa, 'the womb,'
and irrwats, 'fall;' Prolapsus uteri.  Also Inversio
uteri, Anaa'trophe uteri.   In  a general  sense, a
protrusion of any of the genital organs or of ex-
  IAMA, Medicament
  IAMATOLOGY, Materia medica.
  IAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA,  see Prescrip-
tion.
  IAMATOSYNTAXIS, see Composition.,
  IAMATOTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescription.
  IASfMOS, Curable.
  IAS IS. Curation.
  IATERIA. Medicina.
  IATERIUS, Medicinal.
  IATRALEIP'TICE, Iatraliptice (Ars), latra-
leiptic method; same etymon.  The method of
treating diseases adopted by the Iatraleiptes, —
that is, by friction chiefly.
  IATRALEP'TES, Iatraleip'tes,Iatralip'ta, Ia-
troleip'tes, Med'icus Unguenta'riua; from larpos,
'a physician,' and  aleiipw, 'I anoint'  One who
treats diseases by unguents, frictions, and by ex-
ternal means generally.  Prodious, a disciple of
JEsculapins, was the  chief of the Iatraleptes.
  IATRALIPTES, Iatraleiptes.
  IATRALIPTICE, Iatraleiptice.
  IATREUSIOLOG'TA, from tarpevats,'the ex-
ercise of  the  art of healing,' and  loyos,  'a  de-
scription.'  The  doctrine of the exercise of the
healing art.-—Reil.
  IATREUSIS.  The exercise of the healing art.
crescences from them into the genital  passages;
jEdoptosis.
  IIysteroptosis,  Prolapsus  uteri—h. Vaginae
prolapsus, Prolapsus vagina'.
  HYSTERORRHAGIA SANGUIXEA, Me-
torrhagia.
  HYSTERORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the.
  1IYSTERORRIICEA, Metrorrhagia—h. Mu-
cosa, Leucorrhoea.
  HYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
  HYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus.
  HYS'TEROSCOPE, from 'varepa, 'the uterus,*
and axoirew, ' I view.'  A metallic mirror, used in
inspecting the state of the os uteri for throwing
the rays of a taper to the bottom of the speculum
uteri. — Colombat de l'Isere.
  HYSTEROSTOMA, Os uteri.
  HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'varepa, 'the
womb,' oropa,  'orifice,' and repveiv, 'to cut'   An
instrument invented by Coutouly for dividing  the
os uteri, when it is important to  deliver immedi-
ately, as in cases of convulsions.
  HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri.
  HYSTEROTOMTA, Hysterotomy.   Same ety-
mon as Hysterotomus.  Caesarean section.  Also,
dissection of the uterus.
  HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA, Caesarean section.
  HYSTEROT'OMUS, from 'varepa, 'the womb,'
and repveiv, 'to cut'  An instrument for dividing
the womb through the vagina.   It is  a kind of
Bistouri cache, and is intended to divide the cer-
vix uteri.
  HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
  HYSTRIASIS, Hystriciasis.
  HYSTRICI'ASIS,  Hystrlans,Hys'trix, Hys-
trieia'mua,  Oeroatro'aia,  Tricho'aia aeto'aa, from
'uortpif, 'a hedgehog or porcupine.'   A disease
of the hairs, in which they stand erect like  the
quills of the porcupine.
  HYSTRICISMUS, Hystriciacis.
  HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis.
  HYVES, Hives.
  IATRIA, Medicine.
  IATRICE, Medicina.
  IATRI'NE, Medicina.  Also, a female practi-
tioner of medicine;  a midwife.
  IATRI'ON, Iatre'on, Patron.   The houso or
office of a physician or surgeon.  Also, the phy-
sician's fee or honorarium.
  IATROCHEMIA, Chymiatria.
  IATROCHYMIA, Chymiatria.
  IATROGNOM'ICA,/afW7nom'i'ce; from tarpos,
' a physician,'  and yivoaxw, ' I know.'  A know-
ledge of medical objects. — Hufeland.
  IATROLEIPTES, Iatraleiptes.
  IATROLOG"IA,  Iatrology, from  tarpos, '»
physician,' and loyos, ' a description.'  A treatise
on physic and physicians.
  IATRO - MATHEMATICAL PHYSICIANS,
Iatromathemalid.   Mechanical physicians.
  IATROMECHANICI, Mechanical physicians.
  IATRON, Iatrion.
  IATROPHYSICS, Physics, medical.
  IATROSOPHIS'TA,from tarpos, 'aphysician/
and aotpiarns, ' one skilled  in  an art or science.'
A learned, or theoretically educated physician.
  IATROTECH'NA, Iatrotecllnea; from tarpos,
I. 
IATROTECHNICE
465
IDEA
'a physician,' and 1-^17, 'art'  A practical phy-
sician or surgeon.
  IATROTECHNICE, Medicina, Therapeutics.
  1ATRUS,  Physician; also, a surgeon.
  IBERIS, Lepidium iberis.
  Ibe'ris Ama'ra, Bitter candytuft, (F.) Passe-
rage.  A small herbaceous plant,  Ord. Cruciferae,
indigenous in Europe,  which was employed, of
old, in gout, rheumatism, Ac.  The  seeds have been
used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma,
bronchitis, dropsy, and  hypertrophy of the heart.
It is said to possess acro-narcotic properties;  but
it is not much used.
  Iberis  Bursa Pastoris, Thlaspi bursa — i.
Campestris, Thlaspi  campestre — i. Sophia, Car-
damine pratensis.
  IBICUIBA, Becuiba, Becuiba nux.  A species
of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel  of which
is ranked amongst balsamic remedies.
  IBIS, tfSts.  A bird held  sacred by the Egyp-
tians.   When sick, it is asserted that it  was wont
to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament:
whence, according to  Langius, was learned  the
use of glysters.
  IB ISC HA MISMALVA, Althaea.
  IBISCUS, Althaea.
  IBIXUMA, Saponaria.
  ICE,  Sax. ir, Gla'cies, Frozen water, (F.) Glace.
Iced water is much used internally, as the best
refrigerant in fever.   It is, also, applied exter-
nally, in cases of external  inflammation, as well
as in phrenitic and hernial affections, <fec.
  ICE-COLD,  Icy cold, (F.) Froid glacial.   A
very strong morbid sensation of  cold, compared
by the  patient to that which would be  produced
by the application of pieces of ice.
  ICELAND, MINERAL  AVATERS OF.  Hot
springs are found in every part of Iceland.  The
most  noted of these  is one called Geyser,  two
days' journey from  Hecla, and  near  Skalholt
The diameter of the basin is  59 feet;  and  the
height to which the water is thrown is often more
than 100.  The heat of the  water is 212°.
   ICE-PLANT,  Mesembryanthemum  erystalli-
num, Monotropa uniflora.
   IC1IXUS,  tXvos. The foot. The sole of the foot.
The heel.
   ICHOR, tx^p, Ichos.   The serum of the blood,
Sanies, Sordes,  Virus,  Pus malig'num, Tabum.
A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge.
   ICIIOROIDES, Ichorous.
   ICHOROUS, Ichoro'sus,  Ichoro'i'des, Sanio'-
ni8, Sa'nioua. Belonging to or resembling ichor.
   ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt.
   R'HTHYOCOL'LA,  from tX$vs, 'a fish,'  and
«roAXtt, 'glue.'  Colla Pis'cium, Isinglass, Fish-
glue, (F.) Ichthyocolle,  Colle de  Poisson.  A name
given to the  dried fish-bladder of the Acipenser
huso,  and other species  of acipenser, which is al-
most wholly composed of gelatin,  and is employed
in medicine in the formation of nutritive jellies.
It is,  also,  occasionally used in anatomical injec-
tions.  The Enqlish Court Plaster is made with it.
  ICHTHYOPII'AGISTS,  Ichthyoph'agi, from
iySu?,  ' a fish,' and  tpayw,  ' I eat'  People who
feed habitually on fish ;—generally the  most  un-
civilized of mankind.
  ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous.
  ICIITH YOSE, Ichthyosis.
  ICHTHYOSIS, from i^Sus, 'a fish,'from the
resemblance  of the scales to those of a fish.   Le-
pido'sis Ichthylasis, Lepra Ichthyo'sis, Lepido'-
sis Ichthyo'sis, Alvaras nigra (Arab.),  Impetigo
excorticati'ra, (F.) Ichthyose; Fishskin, Porcu-
pine Disease.  A permanently  harsh, dry, scaly,
and, in  some cases, almost horny texture of  the
integuments of the body, unconnected with  in-
ternal disorder.  AVillan and Batcman  have  two
      30
varieties, I. simplex and /. cornea.   Alibert has
three, the I. nacree  or pearly, the I. coruee, and
the I. pellagre or Pell&gra.
  Ichthyosis Pellagra, Pellagra.
  Ichthyosis Seba'cea,  Sebdceous Ichthyo'sis.
A  morbid  incrustation  of a  concrete sebaceous
substance upon the surface of the epidermis, con-
founded, according to Mr. E. AVilson, with ich-
thyosis, to  which it bears a  close  resemblance.
In many cases there is neither redness nor heat,
nor is the affection often accompanied by consti-
tutional symptoms.
  ICHTHYOTOX'ICUM, from  tX%s,  'a fish,*
and ro^txov, 'a poison.'  Fish poison.
  I'CICA ARACOUCHFNI.  Aracouehini is a
balsam, extracted by  incision, from this tree in
Guyana.  The Galibis use it for healing wounds.
  Icica Icicariba, see Amyris elemifera.
  IOTERE,  Icterus — i. Bleu, Cyanopathy — i*.
des Nouveau-nla,  Icterus infantum — i.  Noire,
Melaena.
  ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see Re-
lapse.
  ICTERICUS, Antiicteric.   Also, relating to,
or resembling Icterus,—Ictero'dea.
  ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis—i. Fiava, Icte-
rus—i. Rubea, Erysipelas—i. Rubra, Erysipelas.
  ICTERODES, Ictericus.
  ICTERUS, Ic'terua fiavus, I. verus, from ixrts,
a species of weasel,  whose  eyes are yellow (?)
Morbua arcudtua vel arqudtua, Auru'go, Auri'go,
Morbua regiua, Morbua lute'olua, Cholelith'ia icte-
ru8, Choliha'mia, Chola'mia, Cholopla'nia, Cho-
lo'aia, Dermatocholo'aia, Suffu'aio  aurigino'aa seu
fellia seu bill's, Icterititi fiava, Ileus fiavua, I. Ic-
tero'ides, Cachex'ia icter'ica,  Fellis stiffu'sio, Fel-
lis obstruc'tio, F. Superfu'sio, Bilious Dyscrasy,
Jaundice, Yellows, (F.) Ictire, Jaunisse, Bile re-
pandue.  A disease,  the  principal  symptom of
which is yellowness of the skin  and eyes, with
white faeces and high-coloured urine.  It admits
of various  causes; in fact, any thing which can
directly or  indirectly  obstruct the  course of the
bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood and
produces the  yellowness  of surfaee ; — the bile
being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness
of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the
intestine occasions the pale-coloured faeces.  The
prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable;—when
complicated with hepatic disease, unfavourable.
The treatment is simple: — an emetic or purga-
tive, given  occasionally so as to  elicit the  return
of the bile to its ordinary channels; light tonics;
unirritating diet; cheerful company, <fcc.
  Icterus  Albus, Chlorosis.
  Icterus Infan'tum, /. Neonato'rum,  Padicl-
erus, Auri'go neophyto'rum,  Yellow  gum, Yellow
gown,  (F.)  Ictere des  nouveau-nea, is  a  common
affection and frequently dependent upon obstruc-
tion of the  choledoch  duct by the meconium.  It
requires time; and castor oil, occasionally.
  Icterus  Melas,  Mehena— i. Neonatorum, I.
infantum—i.  Niger, Melaena,
  Icterus  Satuiixi'nus, Lead jaundice.   The
earthv-vellow hue in  saturnine cachexy.
  ICTODES FCETIDUS, Dracontium fcetidum.
  ICTUS.  'A  stroke or blow;' Plege, Plaga,
Ictus soli's,  a stroke of the sun.   See Coup de so-
ldi.  Ictus,  also, means the pulsation of an artery
and the sting  of a bee or other insect.
  Ictus, Blow—i.  Cordis  et arteriarum,  Pulse__
i. Sanguinis, Apoplexy—i. Solis, Coup de soldi.
  IDE'A, Idea, Ido'lum, Ideach (? Paracelsus)
(F.) Idee.  The image or representation of an
object in the mind; from eibw, 'I see.'
  Ide'a, Fixed or Predominant, Idea  fix.i,
Ideopeg'ma.  Tension  of the mind on oie notion f
often  observed in insanity. 
                  IDEACH                 4(

  I'dea Morbi. Knowledge or idea of a disease.
  IDEACH, Idea,
  IDEAGENOUS, Sentient
  IDE'AL, Idedlis.   Mental, notional, fancied.
  Morbi  ideates.  Ideal diseases.  Diseases of
the imagination.
  IDEE, Idea.
_ IDEX'TITY  (PERSONAL), Iden'Htaa,  from
idem, ' the same.'  Sameness.   It is sometimes  a
question  in  legal medicine to decide  upon per-
sonal identity:  that is, whether an individual be
the same he represents himself to be.   Physical
marks form the great  criteria.
  IDEOL'OGY, Ideolog"ia, from  tibw,  'I see,'
and loyos, ' a  discourse.'  The science of ideas.
Intellectual philosophy.
  IDEOPEGMA, Idea, fixed.
  IDEOSYNCHYSIE, Delirium.
  IDIANCEA, Idiotism.
  IDIOCRASIS, Idiosyncrasy.
  IDIOCTONIA, Suicide.
  IDIO-MIASMATA, see Miasm.
  IDIOPATHI'A,  Idiopathei'a,  Protopathl a,
Pro'prius affectus, Morbus idiopath'icm seu pro-
prius seu primdriu8  seu protopath'icus seu ori-
gina'lia, Malum prima'rium, from ibios, ' peculiar,
proper,'  and ira&os, 'an  affection.'  A primary
disease;  one not depending on any other.
  IDIOPATHIC, Pro'prio hab'itu seu Conatitu-
tio'ne pro'prid pendens,  Idiopath'icua, Idiop'a-
thea.  Primary affections and their symptoms are
so denominated.
  IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia.
  IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia.
  IDIOSYNCRASIA, Idiosyncrasy—i. Haemor-
rhagica, Haematophilia—i. Olfactoria,  Parosmia.
  IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idioc'raay, Idiosyn'craaia,
Idioayncrd8ia, Idiotroph'ia, Idioc'raais, Idioayn-
cria'ia, from  ibios, 'peculiar,' o-uv, 'with,'  and
xpaats, 'temperament' A peculiarity  of consti-
tution, in which one  person is  affected by an
agent which, in numerous others, would produce
no  effect. Thus shell-fish, bitter almonds, pro-
duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn-
crasies.  Others faint  at the sight of blood, &c.
  IDTOT, Idio'ta, ' foolish, stupid,  ignorant'
Now used for one who is fatuous, or who does
not possess sufficient intellectual faculties for the
social condition, and for preserving himself from
danger,—Homo fat'una.   In law, one who has
been without understanding from his  birth, and
whom the law presumes to be never likely to at-
tain any.
 - IDIOTIA, Idiotism.
  ID 10 TIE, Idiotism.
  ID'IOTISM,   Idiotia'mua,  Idioti'a,  Idiance'a,
Imbecillita8 mentis; Mo'ria demens, Ance'a, Mo'-
ria, Moro'aia, Mrio'sis, Fatu'itaa, Amen'tia, Stu-
pid'itas,  Vecor'dia, Imbecillitas Inge'nii, Idiocy,
Id'iotey, Futility. (F.) Demence inuee,  Idiotisme,
Idiotic  Same  etymon.  A  species of unsound
mind, characterized by more or less complete ob-
literation of  the intellectual and moral faculties.
It may supervene on mania and melancholia,
when it is termed Demen'tia, but more commonly
it depends upon original  conformation.  It may
also, be symptomatic  of  organic  disease of the
brain, which has come on after birth.   Idiotism
exists in various degrees.  Some idiots are mere
automata, exhibiting  scarcely any  sensibility to
external impressions;  others are capable of arti-
culating a few words, and possess certain mental
emotions to a limited extent  The physiognomy
is usually vacant, step unsteady, and articulation
imperfect or broken.   The affection is  almost al-
ways incurable;  but it may often be palliated.
  IDIOTISME, Idiotism.
  TDIOTROPHIA, Idiosyncrasy.
6                   ILEO

  IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea.
  IDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
  IF, Taxus baccata.
  IFFIDES, Plumbi subcarbonas.
  IGDE, Mortar.
  IGDIS. Mortar.
  IGNA'TIA AMA'RA, Strychnoa  Tgndtii, Ig.
natidna Philippin'ica.  The systematic  namo
of the plant which affords St. Ignatius'a Bean.
Faba In'dica, Faba Sancti Igna'tii, Faba febrif-
uga, (F.) Ignatie, Feve de  Saint Ignace.  The
seeds are bitter and poisonous, containing Strych-
nia; which  see.
  IGNATIE, Ignatia amara.
  IGNAVIA, Inertia — i. seu Ignavitas partiurn
genitalium, Impotence.
  IGNIS, 'fire.'  Hence:
  Ignis Actualis, Cauterium—i. Animalis, Ani-
mal heat.
  Ignis Cal'idus.   'A hot  fire.' A violent in-
flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene.
  Ignis Columella, Erysipelas.
  Ignis Frig"idus.  'A cold fire.'   Sphacelus.
  Ignis Naturalis, Animal heat.
  Ignis Persicus, Anthrax, Herpes zoster — i.
Philosophicus, Phosphorus — i.  Potentialis, see
Cauterium—i. Saeer, Erysipelas, Herpes zoster—
i. Sancti Antonii, Erysipelas.
  Ignis Sapien'tium.  The ancient name for the
heat of horses' dung.
  Ignis Sylvat'icus, I. 8ylvea'tria,  I. volat'icus,
I. vola'griu8, Stroph'ulus aylvea'tria,  S. volat'icua,
(F.) Feu sauvage, F. volage,  Flamboise.  Proba-
bly, the Porrigo larva'lis or Crusta  lactea of in-
fants.  Also, a transient redness of the face and
neck, sometimes  observed in  hysterical and chlo-
rotic females.
  Ignis Sylvestris, I. sylvaticus — i. Vitalis,
Animal heat—i. \rolagrius, I. sylvaticus—i. Vo-
laticus, I. sylvaticus.
  IGNIVOROUS, Pyrophagus.
  IGNYE, Poples.
  IGNYS,  Poples.
  ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa.
  ILEA, Flanks.
  ILECH,  Y'lech, llei'aa, Riaa'ter, Ylidter, Eli-
aa'ter, Ilias'trum, Ilelados, Ileldos, Ilei'adum,
Ili'adus.  Terms used  by Paracelsus to desig-
nate the first matter: — the  beginning  of every
thing.
  ILEIADOS, Hech.
  ILEIADUM, Ilech.
  ILEIAS, Ilech.
  ILEIDOS, Ilech.
  ILEI'TIS; from ileum, 'the intestine ileum,'
and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.   Inflam-
mation of the ileum.
  ILEO-CHOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious.
  IL'EO-COLIC, Beo-col'icua.  Relating to the
ileum and colon :—as the ileo-colic valve or valve
of Bauhin.
  ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis.
  ILEO-DICLIDITE, see Typhus.
  ILEO-LUMBAR, Reo-lumbdlis, Ilio-lnmbdria.
Belonging to the ilium and lumbar region.
  Ileo-lumbar Artery, Ilio-lumbar artery, Ri-
aco-mua'cular, (Ch.) is given off by the  hypogas-
tric, opposite the  base of the sacrum. It ascends
behind  the  psoas muscle, and  divides  into two
branches;—an ascending and a transverse, which
give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour-
ing parts.
  Ileo-lumbar  Ligament,  Ilio-lumbar Lig'a-
ment,  Ilio-lumbo-ver'tebral ligament,   Vertebro-
iliac ligament, is  a broad, membraniform, trian-
gular ligament, extending horizontally from the
transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebrae to
41 
ILE0N
467
ILIASTRUM
the upper and posterior part of the iliac crest. It
unites the vertebral column with the pelvis.
  IL'EON,  Ileum,  Eileon, Ilium,  Inteatlnum
circiimvolii'lum, from tiletv, 'to turn,' 'to twist,'
Anatomists  have given this name to the longest
portion  of  the  small intestine,  which  extends
from  the jejunum to  the caecum.  It was so
called, from its forming  a considerable.number
of convolutions.                      •
  ILEOPVRA, see Typhus.
  ILEOSIS, Ileus.
  ILEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus.
  ILES,  Flanks.
  IL'EUS,  Eil'eos, from  tiXtu, 'I  twist or con-
tract.'   Co'lica  I/eua,  Eliterele'aia,  Enterelo'aie,
Colica apaamod ica, Ileua apaamod'icua, Chordap'-
8ua, Passio Iliaca, Iliac Pasaion, Volvulu8, Ileo'-
sis, Miaere're mei, Cbnvolvulua, Tormen'tum, In-
tercept io Intestino'rum, Enterosteno'sis volvulus,
(F.) Colique de Misericorde, C. de  Miserere.  A
disease, characterized by  deep-seated pain  of the
abdomen, stercoraceous vomiting, and  obstinate
constipation.  It is occasioned by hernia or other
obstruction  to the passage of the faeces  through
a part of the intestinal canal, Enterosto'sis.   The
term Ileus has been applied to various affections
—to simple nervous colic, intussusception, and to
strangulation of the small intestine, &c.  Various
remedies have been employed ;—the majority for
the purpose of procuring  alvine evacuations,—as
purgatives,  in draught, pill, or glyster; supposi-
tories, tobacco glysters;  pure mercury; leaden
bullets;  antispasmodics  and  narcotics; blisters
to the epigastrium; ice by the mouth, or injected
into the rectum.   Some of these have, occasion-
ally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco glyster,
and ice to the tumour, where the disease has been
occasioned  by strangulated  hernia.  It is very
dangerous.
   Ileus Flavus, Icterus—i. Icteroides, Icterus
—i. Inflammatorius, Enteritis.
   ILEX AQUIFO'LIUM.  The systematic name
of  the Common Holly, Aquifo'lium, Agrifo'lium,
(F.) Ifoux, II. commun ou  Chine vert.  The  leaves
of  this plant have been  recommended as tonic,
astringent,  and antiseptic, and  have been  pre-
scribed in atonic gout; intermittents; dyspepsia,
 <fcc.  Ilicine, the active principle,  has also been
advised.  It is obtained by dissolving the alco-
holic extract of the leaves of the holly in  water,
and successively treating it  with the subaeetate
of  lead,  sulphuric acid,  and carbonate of lime.
 The filtered and evaporated product is then dis-
solved in alcohol; and the mixture filtered and
evaporated in shallow vessels.
   Ilex Cassine,  Ilex vomitoria.
   Ilex  Major.   From the berries of this tree,
called by the Spaniards Bellotaa, a juice may be
expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent
emulsion with water, and has been  recommended
by some  Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae-
moptysis, <fec.
   Ilex Mate, Ilex paraguensis.
   Ilex Opa'ca, American Holly, grows through-
out the Atlantic portion of the United States.  It
is said to possess  the same properties as the Eu-
ropean variety.
   Ilex Paraouen'sis, Vibur''num lavigd'turn seu
 Caasinoldes, Cassine Pcrag'ua seu Carolinidna,
I.  Mate; a native  of Paraguay,  which affords
the celebrated Mattee, or .1/cife,  Folia Apalachi-
nes seu Per'agua, is drunk in place of the Chinese
tea by the people of Paraguay.
   Ilex  A^omito'ria, Ilex Casi'ne,  Ca8ai'na, Da-
hoon  holly,  Apalach'ine  Gallia,  South-Sea  Tea,
Ev'ergreen  Cassine,  Caasee'na,  Yaupon, Yoj>on,
(F.) The des Apalaches, Houx Apalachine, Apa-
lachine,  ThS de la Mer du Sad.  A tree, indige-
[ nous in the southern parts of the United States.
 The leaves, when dried, are aromatic, stimulant,
 stomachic, and expectorant, and are used as  a
 tea.  When fresh, they are emetic and cathartic.
   ILIA,  Flanks.
   ILIAC, Ili'acus, from Ilia, 'the flanks.'  Re-
 lating to, or connected with, the flanks.
   Iliac Arteries, Arte'ria Iliaca.  This term
 has been given to several arteries. The Primary
 Iliacs, (F.) A. Iliaques primitives,—Pelvicrurales,
 (Ch.) arise from the bifurcation of the  aorta, op-
 posite the body of the 4th  lumbar vertebra, and
 descend,  in a divergent manner; until, opposite
 the sacro-iliac symphysis,  they divide into two
 considerable trunks,—the internal Iliac or hypo-
 gastric (which see)' and the external  Iliac—Por-
 tion Iliaque de la crurale, (Ch.)  This proceeds
 from the sacro-iliac juncture as far as  the crural
 arch, when it assumes1 the name Femoral Artery.
 Before passing under the  arch it gives off two
 pretty considerable branches, — the Epigastric,
 and the   Circumflexa Ilii.  This  last, which is
 called, also, anterior Iliac by some anatomists,—
 Circonfiexe de FIlium; (Ch.) leaves  the external
 iliac at  the crural arch.   It  ascends  along the
 outer edge of the iliacus muscle, and divides into
 two branches—an internal and an external.
   The Iliaca Inter'na Minor vel Ilio-lumbal'is is
 a smaU artery, which sometimes arises from tho
 hypogastric; at others, from the beginning of the
 gluteal.   It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas and ilia-
 cus internus muscles.
   Iliac  Crest, Crista Ilii, is the upper margin
 of the ilium. (F.) Crete Iliaque.  It is very thick,
 and curved  like the Italic S.  It affords attach-
 ment to  the broad muscles of the abdomen.
   Iliac  Fossae are two in number;  the internal,
 the depression presented by the ilium on its inte-
 rior, and at the upper part in which the Iliacut
 internus  is lodged :—and the external, an excava-
 tion on the  outer surface of the same bone, occu-
 pied by the Glutai muscles.
   Iliac   Muscle,  Internal,  Ili'acus internus
 Muscle,  Iliacus, Riaco-trochanterien (Ch.);  Fe-
 mur movcn'tium sep'timus, Iliac  muscle, is situate
 in the fossa iliaca, and at the anterior and supe-
 rior part of the thigh.  It is broad, radiated, tri-
 angular ; and is attached, above, to the two upper
 thirds of the fossa iliaca, and to the internal part
 of  the iliac crest:—below, it terminates by a ten-
 don, which is common to it and the psoas mag-
 nus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. AVhen
 this muscle contracts, it bends, the pelvis on the
 thigh, and conversely.  It is also a rotator of the
 thigh  outwards,  and prevents  the  trunk  from
 falling backwards.
   Iliac  Passion, Heus.
   Iliac  Regions, Regio'nes iliaca, Inan'ia, are
 the sides of the abdomen between the ribs and
 the hips.
   Iliac  Spines, Spinous Proc"esse8  of the Rium,
 are four  in number.  They are distinguished into
 anterior  and poaterior.  Of the anterior, one  ia
 euperior.  It bounds  the crista ilii anteriorly, and
 affords origin to the sartorius muscle.  The other
 is inferior, and receives  the tendinous origin of
 the rectus femoris.
   The two Poaterior Iliac Spine8  are divided,
 like the anterior, into auperior and inferior. They
 afford  insertion to strong ligaments, which unite
 the ilium with the sacrum.
   ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, niacus inter-
 nus.
   ILIACUS, I. internus—i. Externus, Pyramid-
 alis.
   ILIADUS. Hech.
   ILIASTER, Ilech.
   ILIASTRUM, Ilech. 
ILINGOS
468
IMPACTION
   ILINGOS, Vertigo.
   ILIO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus internus abdo-
 minis—i. Aponevroai-femoral, Fascia lata muscle
 —i. Coatal, Quadratus lumborum—f. Cresti-tibial,
 Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-femoral —i. Hypo-
 gastrics (nervus), Musculo-cutaneous nerve, su-
 perior— i. Inguinal, Musculo-cutaneous nerve,
 inferior — i.  Ischii-trochanterien,  Glutaeus mini-
 mus— i. Lombo-costo-abdominal,  Obliquus in-
 ternus  abdominis—i. Lumbalis, Ileo-lumbar, see
 Iliac arteries—i. Lumbi-costal, Quadratus lumbo-
 rum—i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo-lumbar-
 ligament
   ILTO-PECTINEA, belonging to the ilium and
 to the pecten  or pubis.
   Ilio-pectineal Eminence is so called  from
 being formed  by the  junction of the ramus of the
 ilium with that of the pubis.  It affords attach-
 ment to the psoas minor.
   Ilio-pectinea Linea, Linea innomina'ta,  is
 the projecting line or ridge of the ilium and pu-
 bis,  which forms part of the brim of the pelvis.
   ILIO-PRETIBIAL, Sartorius.
   Ilio-Psoi'tis, from Ilium, 'the ilion,' tpoas,
 ' the loins,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  In-
 flammation of the ilium  and psoas muscle.
   ILIO-PUBO- COSTO-ABDOMINAL, Obli-
 quus externus abdominis—i. Rotulien, Rectus fe-
 moris—i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac—i.  Sacral articula-
 tion,  Sacro-iliac articulation—i. Sacro-femoral,
 Glutaeus major — i. Scrotal nerve, Musculo-cuta-
 neous, superior—i. Trochanterien, Glutaeus  me-
 dius— i. Trochanterien petit, Glutaeus minimus.
  IL'ION, Ilium, Ileum, Haunch bone.    The
 largest  of the three  bones which constitute the
 os innominatum in the foetus  and child.  It  was
 probably so called from  its  seeming to support
 the intestine ilion ; or, perhaps, because its crest
 is curved upon  itself, from  tiXtco, ' I  twist,' ' I
 roll.'   This portion  of the  os innominatum  is
 usually so called  in the adult.  The  posterior
 surface  is  called Dorsum, the internal Venter.
 The  upper  semicircular edge is the  Crista or
 Spine, at the  anterior part of which is the ante-
 rior  and superior  spinous process; and,  below,
 the anterior and inferior spinous process.  At the
 back part of the spine are two spinous processes,
 the posterior and superior, and posterior and in-
 ferior.   See Iliac.
  ILITHYI'A, Kileidvta, Luclna, Juno Lucina.
 The  goddess  who presided  over parturient fe-
 males, with the Greeks and Romans.
  ILIUM, Ileum, Ilion.
  ILKESTON,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
 Ilkeston is in Derbyshire, England, about eight
 miles from Nottingham. The water contains car-
 bonates  of lime and soda, chloride of calcium,
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonic
 acid, sulpbohydric acid, and a little iron.
  ILLACHRYMATIO, Epiphora.
  ILLECEBRA, Sedum —i. Major, Sedum tele-
 phium.
  ILLECEBRUM VERMICULARE, Sedum.
  ILLEGIT'IMATE, Illegilimus, from il,in, 'ne-
 gation or opposition,' and legitimus, 'legitimate;'
 from lex, legis, ' law.'  That which is contrary to
 law :  which has not the conditions required by
 law,—as an illegitimate birth—one out of wedlock.
  Illegitimate  or Bastard Fevers are  those
 whose progress is anomalous.
  ILLICIUM  AXTSA'TUM,  Yellow-flowered
Anise, Ailiseed Tree, Star Anise, Anisum stelld-
tum, Anisum Sinen'se, Semen  Badian, (F.) Anis
de ta Chine, A.  etoile, Badiane.  Fam. Magno-
liaceae.   Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.   The
Becds are used like the aniseed. The same tree is
 supposed to furnish  the  aromatic bark, called
 Cortex Anisi Stella'ti, Cortex Larola.
   Illicium Anisatum  is said to furnish much of
 the  so called Oil  of  Anise, used in  the United
 States.
   Illicium Florida'num, Florida Anise Tree,
 Star Anise, Sweet Laurel.   An evergreen shrub,
 the bark, leaves, Ac, of which have a  spicy odour
 like anise, and might  be used for it
   Illicium Parviflo'rum, a  shrub  of the hilly
 regions of Georgia and Carolina, has a  flavour
 closely resembling that of sassafras root.
   ILLINITIO, Inunction.
   ILLITIO, Inunction.
   ILLITUS, Inunction.
   ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus.
   ILLO'SIS, Ilo'sis, from iXXos, ' the eye.' Dis-
 tortion of the eyes.  Strabismus.
   ILLUSIO SENSUS, Hallucination.
   ILLUSION, Hallucination.
   ILLUTAMENTUM, see Illutatio.
   ILLUTA'TIO, from il, in, 'upon,' and httum,
 'mud.'  A word used, by the ancients, for  the
 act of covering any part of the body with mud,—
 Hint am en' tum — with therapeutical views.
   ILOSIS, Illosis.
   IMAGINA'TION, Imagina'tio, Figurdtio,
 Phanttlsia,  Dianoe'ma,  from imago,  'image.'
 The faculty of forming in the mind an assem-
 blage ef images and combinations of ideas which
 are.  not always  in  connexion with external  ob-
 jects.
   IMBALSAMATION, Embalming.
   IMBECILTTY, Imbecillitas, Stnpid'itas, He-
 betu'do an'imi.   Weakness, especially of the  in-
 tellect; incoherency;  Imbecillitas mentis.
   IMBECILLIS, Infirm.
   IMBECILLITAS INGENII, Idiotism, Imbe-
 cility — i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility — i. Ven-
 triculi, Gasterasthenia.
   IMBELLIS AD  VENEREM, Frigid.
   IMBER'BIS,  Imber'bus, Agenei'os, Apo'gon,
 from im, in, 'negation,' and barba, 'beard.' One
 devoid of beard.
   IMBIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition.
   IMBIBIT"ION,  Imbibil'io, Emp'osis, Endoe-
 moae, Aapiration, from imbibere (in, and  bibere),
 'to drink,  to imbibe.' The action, by which a
 body becomes penetrated  by a liquid.  See En-
 dosmose.  Many of the phenomena of absorption
 are owing to imbibition.
   IMBREX  NARIUM, Septum narium.
   IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis.
   IMMERSUS, Subscapularis muscle.
   IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tia, from i'i», and ma-
 nere, ' to  stay.'  Staying over, or upon ;  impend-
ing.   Some  authors  have designated,  by this
 term, the  period which precedes  the  invasion of
 a  disease; when certain indications  foretell  its
 approach.
   IMMINENCE MORBIDE,  Diathesis, Predis-
position.
   IMMISSIO CATIIETERIS, Catheterismus.
   IMMISSOR, Catheter.
   IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia—i. Pupillae, Amau-
rosis.
   IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance.
   IMMODERATIO, Intemperance.
   IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus,
immovable.
   IMMUTANS, Alterative.
   IMPACTION, lmpac'tio, from impingere  (in,
 and pangere), ' to strike against,'  A  fracture of
the cranium, ribs, or sternum, with depression of
 some of the fragments and projection of others
 externally.  See Eepiesma. 
IMPATIENS               469            INCARCERATION
  TMPA'TIEXS BALSAMI'XA,  Balaam weed,
Touch-me-not. This probably resembles the other
species in its properties.
  Impa'tiuns Fulva and I.  Pal'lida,  Touch-
me-not, Jewel weed, Balsam weed, Slippera, Cel-
andine, Ouick-in-the-hand, Weath'ercocks.  Indi-
genous plants, having tender, juicy, almost trans-
parent stems, and yellow flowers, which appear
in duly and August.  It is found  in  low, moist
ground, in every part of  the  Union.   The pro-
perties are probably the same as those of
  Impa'tiens Xoli-me-tan'gere of Europe, which
has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar-
tic,  and diuretic.
  IMPEDIMENTUM,  Emphragraa.
  IMPERATO'RIA,  /.  Ostru'thium, Sellnum
ostru'thiitin, S. Impcrato'ria, Angelica  officina'lis,
Astruthium, Ostruthium, Astran'tia, M agist ran'-
tin, Masterworf, (old  F.)  Austruche.   The roots
of this plant were  formerly considered dirinum
remedium.  They are merely aromatic  and bitter,
and are not used.
  Imperatoria Sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris.
  LAIPERFORATE, Atretus.
  IMPERFORATE,  Imperforation  — i.  Ani,
Atresia  ani  adnata,  Proctatresia — i. Pupillae,
Synezizis — i. Uteri, Metratresia.
  IMPERFORA'TION, from  im, 'in,' per,
'tlirough',and/bmre, 'tobore.' Imperfordtio,Aire'-
sia, Atrefis'inus, Cap'etus.  Absence of a  natural
aperture;  as, of the mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils,
ke. It is congenital, being dependent upon faulty
conformation.
  IMPERFORATION DE  LANDS,  Atresia
ani adnata,
  IMPE'RIAL. A pleasant, cooling drink,formed
of bitartrate of potassa, ^ss; one  lemon, cut into
slices; white  sugar, Ibss ; and water,  Oiij.   Let
the mixture stand for  half an hour, and strain.
  IMPETIGINOSITAS, Impetigo.
  IMPETI'GO, from  impeto,  ' I infest'  Impeti-
ginos'itas, Darta, Der'bia, Im'petua, Peti'go, Ec-
pye'aia impetlgo, Phlysis impetigo, Lepra squam-
mo'sa, Running  Scall or  Tetter, Crusted Tetter,
Pustular or Humid Tetter,  Scall, Cowrap, (F.)
Dartre, D. crustacee, D.  cro&teuse, Lepre humide,
Melitagre.  A word used in various acceptations.
With some writers it is synonymous with itch.  In
others, it means a variety of herpes.   Sauvages
employs  it as a generic  term, under which  he
comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti-
asis, the itch, tinea, scrofula, <fec.   It forms, also,
a genus  in  the class Cachexia  of Cullen.   In
Bateman,  it is the first genus of  the 5th order,
Pustules,  and is defined — the humid  or running
tetter ;  consisting of small pustules, denominated
Psiiilracia.  It is  unaccompanied  by  fever; not
contagious, or communicable by inoculation.  He
has five  species: — the  I. figurdta,  I.  sparsa,
I. erysipelato'des, I. scab'ida, and /. rodens.  See
Psoriasis.
  Impetigo Excorticativa,  Ichthyosis — i. Fi-
gurata, Porrigo  lupinosa — i.  Pellagra, Pellagra
— i. Ulcerata, Zerna,
  PMPETUM FACIENS. Enormon.
  IMPETUS, Impetigo, Paroxysm.
  IAIPLICATIOXES RETICULARES NER-
VOKUM,  Plexus nervorum.
  IMPLIC'ITI MORBI, Implica'ti seu  compli-
ca'ti Morbi.  Diseases, which  exist in an organ;
and  produce, concurrently,  disorders in other
organs.
  IMPLUATUM. Embrocation, Bath, shower.
  IMPOSTHUME, Abscess.
  IM'POTEXCE,  Acratia,  Impoten'tia, I. gene-
ran'di, Againe'sia, Agen'nesis. Igndvia  seu  Ig-
mtr'itas part ium genita'lium,  (F.) Impuissance;
from im, 'priv.,' and ootens, 'able.' Loss of power
over one or more of the members.  Commonly, it
means want of sexual vigour; incapacity for co-
pulation ; and chiefly  on  the part of the male.
Asty'sia, Astyph'ia, Asyno'dia, Adynamia riri'lis.
It has, also, been used synonymously with srcri-
lity.  Impotence may be absolute or relative, con-
stitutional or local, direct  or  indirect, permanent
or temporari/.
  IMPOTEXTIA, Adynamia, Impotence—i. Ge-
nerandi,  Impotence.
  IMPOVERISHED, Effe'tus, Depauperdtus,
(F.) Appauvri.  'Having become poor;' origi-
nally from (L.) pauper, ' poor.'  The Humorists
applied this epithet to a humour, deprived of a
part of its constituents, and  particularly to the
blood.  This fluid was considered  to be impove-
rished when it was pale, without the  proper con-
sistence,  and abounding  in  serum.  It was,  on
the contrary,  rich, in  their  opinion, when of a
scarlet colour; possessing consistence;  when  it
coagulated promptly, and the quantity of serum,
compared with that of the clot, was by no means
considerable.
  IMPREGNATE, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IMPREGNATION,  Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IMPRESSIBILITY, GREAT, Hyperaesthesis.
  IMPRES'SION, Impres'sio (in, and premere,
pressum, 'to press'),  Pros'bole, (F.) Empreinte.
A more  or less deep indentation which  certain
organs seem to make on others.   Inequalities
observable on  the  bones, which   appear  to  be
made by the subjacent organs.
  Impres'sions Dig"ital, Impressio'nes digita'ta
cra'nii, Fossa digita'les, are  the depressions of
various forms, observable at the inner surface of
the cranium, which look, at first view, as if they
were made with the fingers.
  IMPU'BER, Impu'bes, Impu'bis, Ane'bus,  Ca-
pillars, from in,  'negation,' and pubertas, 'pu-
berty.' (F.) Impubere.  One who has not attained
the age of puberty.
  IMPUBES, Impuber.
  IMPUDICUS, see Digitus.
  IMPUISSANCE, Impotence.
  IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC,  Back stroke of the
heart.  A jog or stroke which has been termed
the ' back stroke,'  felt at the  end of each pulsa-
tion, and which would seem  to be  owing to the
refilling of the ventricles.
  Impulse of the Heart, see Heart.
  IMPURITATES ALYIX.E, Faeces.
  IX'AXIA, Iliac regions.
  INAXITIATED, see Inanitiation.
  IXANITIA'TION, Inanitidtio,  same etymon.
The act of being exhausted for want of nourish-
ment.  One so exhausted is said to be inanitiated.
  IXAXIT'TOX', Inanil'io, Inan'itas, from ina-
nire, ' to empty.'   Ceno'sis.  Exhaustion for want
of nourishment  To die from inanition is to die
from exhaustion.
  IXAPPETEXTIA. Anorexia, Dysorexia.
  IXARTICULATIO, Enarthrosis.
  IXTAURA'TION, Inaura'tio, from in, and au-
rum. 'gold.'  The  gilding of pills or boluses.
  IXOAXTAMEXTUM, Charm.
  IXCANTA'TIOX,  Incantdtio,  Incantamen'-
tum, Ep'ode, from in,  and cantare, 'to sing,' —
for example, a magical song.   A mode of eurin'<»
diseases by charms, <fcc, defended by Paracelsus,
Van Helmont, and others.
  INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonnement, Incarcera-
tion— i. Intestinorum interna, Enteremphraxis
— i. Intestinorum, Enteroperistole.
  IXCARCERA'TIOX, Incarcerdtio,  from in,
'in,' aud  career, 'prison.'  Hernia is said to be
incarcerated, Hunia incarcera'ta,  when, owing
to constriction about the neck of the  hernial sao
or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with facility. 
INCARNANS                4V0                INCUBUS
Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense
as strangulation.
  INCAR'^ANS,IncarnaH'vus,Sarco'ticii8,Stal'-
ticua, Plero'ticua, Anaplero'ticus, Sarcolic, from
in,  and caro,  carnia, ' flesh.'  Medicines, which
were  fancied to promote the regeneration of the
flesh.  Certain bandages and sutures have, also,
been so called.
  INCARNATE,  Incarnation — i.  Unguium,
Onychogryphosis.
  INCARNA'TION, Incarndtio, same etymon.
Growth of flesh or granulations.
  IXCARNATUS, Carneous.
  INCEN'DIUM, from  incendere (in, and can-
dere), ' to burn.'  Pyrca'a, trvpxata, Cauaia, Phlo-
go'sis.  A burning fever or any burning heat. —
Inceildium febrile, Incen'sio. — "Willis.   Inflam-
mation, Phlegmon.
   Incendium  Spontaneum, Combustion, human.
   INCENSE, Incendium.
   INCENTIVUM, Stimulant.
   IXCERA'TION,  Incerdtio, Encero'sis, from
cera, ' wax.'  The act of incorporating wax with
some other body; or, rather, the operation whose
object is  to communicate to a dry substance the
consistence  of wax.
   INCERNIC'ULUM, from incernere (in, and
cernere),  ' to sift'  A strainer or sieve.
   INCESSIO, Bath, half,  Semicupium.
   INCESSUS, Walking.
   INCIDEN'TIA, from incidere (in, and cadere),
'to cut'  (F.) Inciaif8.   This name was formerly
given to  medicines to which was attributed  the
property of cutting thick or coagulated humours.
The  fixed alkalies,  hydrosulphurets of  alkalies,
sulphurous  water, Ac, were considered to belong
to  this class.
   INCINERA'TION,  Incinerdtio, Cinefac'tio,
from cinia, cineria, ' ashes.' In pharmacy, a pro-
cess by which animal or vegetable substances are
reduced to ashes.
   INCINCTA,  Pregnant.
   lA'CISIFS, Incidentia.
   INCISE, Cut, Incision—i. Simplex, Haploto-
mia.
   INCIS'ION, Incia'io,  En'cope, Inciau'ra, Inci'-
siia, Tome, (F.)  Taillade.  A methodical division
 of soft parts with a cutting instrument.
   INCI'SIAE,  Incialvua, Inciao'riu8, Fossa inci-
 alva, F. myrtifor'mia, is a depression in the supe-
 rior maxillary bone, above the incisor teeth.
   Incisive Bone, Intermaxillary bone—i. Canal,
 see Palatine canals.
    Incisive Nerve, Nervua inciai'vus.   A branch
 of the inferior dental nerve,  which supplies the
 incisor teeth.
    Incisive Teeth, Incisor Teeth, Den'tea inci-
 so'rea,  tom'ici, ctenes, dichaatere8, gelaalni, pri-
 mo'rea, raao'rii.   The teeth which occupy the an-
 terior part of the upper and lower jaws are  so
 called, because they are used for cutting the food
 in the manner of cutting instruments.
    INCISIVUS, MUSCULUS,  Levator labii su-
 perioris proprius—i. Inferior, Levator labii infe-
 rioris— i. Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator labii
 superioris alaeque nasi—i. Medius, Depressor aloe
 nasi.
    INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth.
    INCISO'RIUM, Tomlon.  An operating table.
 A scalpel.
    INCISORIUS, Incisive.
    INCISURA, Echancrure, Incision — i. Crucia-
 lis, Crucial Incision—i. Ischiadica Major, Sciatic
 notch, greater—i. Ischiadica Minor, Sciatic notch,
 lesser—i. Lienalis, IIilus lienalis — i. Renalis,
 Hilus renalis — i. Scapularis, Notch,  scapular —
 i. Septi,  see Ventricles of the brain.
    Iscisu'ra Trag"ica, ATotch of the Concha.  A
wide, deep and rounded notch, which separates
the tragus from the antitragus.
  INCISURES DE SANTORINI,  Santorini,
fissures of.
  INCISUS, Incision.
  INCITABILITY, Irritability.
  INCITAMENTUM, Stimulus.
  INCITANS, Stimulant.
  INCITATIO, Stimulation.
  INCLAVATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged.
  INCLINATIO, Decline — i. Coeli, Climate.
  INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Emboitc-
ment.
  INCLUSUS, AVedged.
  INCOCTUS, see  Crudity.
  INCOHE'RENCE, Incohe'rency, (F.) Anaeo-
luthie, Revasserie;  from in,  negative, co,  con,
cum, 'with,' and harere, 'to stick.'  AVant of de-
pendence of one part on another.   The condition
of the mental manifestations in dementia, <tc.
  INCOMPATIBLE, from in, 'negation,' and
competere, ' to agree.'  A substance, which  can-
not  be prescribed  with another, without inter-
fering with its chemical composition or medicinal
activity.
   INCONTINENTIA, from in,  'negation,' and
contineo,  'I contain;' Anepia''cheaia.  'Inconti-
nence.'  ' Inability to retain the natural evacua-
tion.'  Abuse of the pleasures of love.
   Incontinentia  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — i. Urinae,
Enuresis, Scoracrasia,
   INCORPORATION, Incorpordtio, Corpord-
tio,  Enaomato'ais,  Metenaomato'aia,  from in, and
corpua, ' a body.'   An operation, by which medi-
cines  are mixed with  soft or liquid bodies, in
order  to give them a certain consistence.  Also,
the thorough admixture of various substances.
   INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incrassati'va, Iiidscan'-
tia, Spiaaan'tia,  Ecpyc'tica, Condenaan'tia, Pa-
chyn'tica,  Pycnot'ica, Pycnicmaa'tica,  from in,
and cra88U8, ' thick.' Medicines which were for-
merly believed to possess the power of thickening
the humours, when too thin.   All mucilaginous
substances were so regarded.
   INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia.
   IN'CREASE,  literemen'tum, Auxia,  Auxe'eia,
from in, and creacere, 'to grow.'   (F.) Accroisse-
ment.  Augmentation of the size or  weight of a
body, by the application of new molecules around
 those  which already exist.
   INCREMENTUM, Augmentation, Increase.
   INCRUCIATIO, Decussation.
   INCRUSTA'TION,  Incrustdtio, from in, and
 crusta, ' a crust;'  Coni'asis.  The act of forming
 a crust on  the surface of a body, as  well as tho
 crust  itself.  Also, the calcareous deposites or
 cartilaginous plates, which sometimes form in
 organs.
   INCUBA'TION, Incuba'tio, Incubil'io, Incu'-
 bitus, from incubare, (in, and cubare,) 'to lie upon.'
 This  word, which is used in  natural history for
 the sitting of birds upon their eggs, is employed,
 figuratively,  in  medicine, for  the  period that
 elapses  between  the introduction of a morbific
 principle into the animal economy and the inva-
 sion of  the disease.
    INCUBITIO, Incubation.
    INCUBITUS, Incubation.
    INCUBO, Incubus.
    IN'CUBUS.  Same etymon.  In'cubo, Epial'-
 tea, Ephialtea noctur'nus,  Ephioltea, Epilep'aia
 noctuma, Asthma noctur'num, Pnigal'ion, Sue -
 cubus, Oneirodynia gravana, Erethia'mua oneiro-
 dyn'ia, Noctur'na  opiprea'aio, Epib'ole, Babnzieti'-
 riua,  Nightmare, (F.)  Cauehemar, Cauchevieille,
  Cochemar, Oneirodynie gravafive.  Same etymon.
 A sensation of a distressing weight at the epigas-
 trium during sleep, and of impossibility  of mo- 
INCUNABULA
471
INDURATION
tion, speech or respiration ; the patient at length |
awaking in terror, after extreme anxiety.   Night-
mare  is often  the effect  of difficult digestion
or of an uneasy position of the  body.  At other
times,  it occurs in  consequence of severe emo-
tions.   The sensation of suffocation was formerly
ascribed to the person's being poaaeaaed, and the
male spirits were called incubea — the female suc-
cubea.   The disease requires  no  particular treat-
ment.   The causes  must be avoided.
   Incubus  A'igilan'tium,  Ephial'tea  vigilan'-
tium, E. hypochondri'aca, Day mare.  This is pro-
duced  during wakefulness; the sense of pressure
being  severe and extending over the abdomen;
respiration  frequent,  laborious, and constricted;
eyes fixed; sighing, deep and violent;  intellect,
undistnrbed.
   INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes.
   INCUNEATE,  see Wedged.
   INCU'RABLE, Incurab'ilia, Rem'ediless, Irre-
me'diable,  Insanab'ilis,  Anal'thes,  Anacea'tos,
Atherapeiltua, from in, negative, and cura, cure.
Not susceptible of cure;—applied to both patients
and diseases.
   INCH RIA, Acedia.
   IN CURS US ARTERIARUM, Pulse.
   1NCURVATI0,  Gryposis.
   INCUS, (in, and cudo, 'I hammer,') 'an anvil.'
Acmon, Oa incildi aim'ile,  Ossic'ulum Incudi seu
mola'ri denti compara'tum,  (F.) Enclume.   One
of the  small bones of the ear, so called  from its
fancied resemblance  to a smith's anvil.   It  is
situate in  the cavity of the  tympanum,  between
the malleus and orbiculare.  Its  body is articu-
lated  with the  malleus;  its horizontal ramus,
which is  the shortest, corresponds with  the en-
trance of the mastoid cells; and  its vertical ra-
mua is articulated  with the  os  orbiculare.   The
incus is composed of a compact tissue, and is de-
veloped from a single point of ossification.
   INDEX, Dig"itua index seu secun'dus seu aalu-
tator'iua, Demonatrdtor, Indica'tor, Indicato'rius,
Lich'anoa,  Deic'ticoa, from  indicare, ' to point
out'   The forefinger, index finger.  See Digitus.
   INDIAN  ARROAV WOOD, see Euonymus —
i. Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis—i. Physic, Gille-
nia trifoliata,—i.  Physic, small-flowered, Gillenia
stipulacea.
   INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.  A
medicinal  spring,  near Jeffersonville, is much
frequented.  Its  waters are strongly impregnated
with sulphur and iron.
   IN'DICANT, Iildicana,Eiideic'ticoa, (F.) Indi-
catif.   Same etymon as index.  Any thing which,
in the course of a disease or in what precedes  or
accompanies it, concurs in pointing out the means
to be used for its cure.
   INDICA TIF, Indicant
   DEDICATING  DAYS, Dies In'dicea, D. In-
dicato'rii seu Indican1tea, D. contempliultes, (F.)
Jours  indicateurs.  Hippocrates and others have
thus called the middle day of the septenary ; be-
cause  they imagined, that indications were some-
times  given then of the crisis which would occur
in the last day of the septenary.
   INDICA'TEN,  Indica'tio, Accusa'tio, Deld-
tio, Enddx'is, Endex'ia, Boethemalicum Semei'on.
The object proposed in the employment of any
moans which are had recourse to for the cure  of
disease.  It may also be defined—the manifesta-
tion afforded by  the disease  itself of what is pro-
per to be done for its removal.
   INDICATOR, Extensor  proprius indicis, see
Digitus, and Index.
   IXDICUM,  Indigo.
   INDICES COLOR,  Indigo.
   INDIGENCE. AVant
   INDIG"ENOUS, Indig"ena.  AVhatever is na-
tive in a country, in opposition to exotic; as an
indigenous remedy, indigenous diaeaee, <fec.
  INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia — i. Alkaline, see
Dyspopsia — i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia.
  INDtGITATIO,  Intussusceptio.
  INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  IN'DIGO, Indigum,  In'dicum, Indicua color,
Pigmen'tum In'dicum.  A dye-stuff, in small solid
masses, of a deep azure  blue colour, and devoid
of smell and taste?  It is obtained, by a fermenta-
tive  process, from  Indigof'era anil, (I. auffruti-
co'aa,) I. argen'tea, (I. articuldta seu tincto'ria
seu glau'ca seu colora'ta,) and  /. tincto'ria seu
In'dica,  and is  sometimes used  by  the apothe-
cary for colouring  certain preparations.  It has
likewise been administered internally,  of late, in
spasmodic  diseases, especially in epilepsy.  The
dose may be at first grains, but it may be ele-
vated to drachms.
  Indigo,  False,  (Tall White,) see Sophora
tinctoria.
  INDIGO, FAUN, Galega officinalis—i. AVeed,
Sophora tinctoria — i. AVild, Sophora tinctoria —
j. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria.
  IXDIGOFERA,  see Indigo, Sophora tinctoria.
  IXDICUM, Indigo.
  INDISPOSFT'EN,  Mala diapoail'io, Dya-
phor'ia, (F.) Malaise.   A slight functional dis-
turbance, which may scarcely bear the name of
disease.  A feeling of sickness — sensus agritil-
diiiis.
  IN'DOLENT, In'dolens, from in, privative, and
dolere, ' to  be in pain.'  Exhibiting little or no
pain.  An epithet particularly applied to certain
tumours.
  INDOLENTIA,  Anodynia.
  IN'DOLES.   A natural disposition  or charac-
ter.
  Indoles  An'imi.   The natural disposition or
character of mind.
  Indoles  Morbi.   The nature or character of a

  IXDOSYNCLOXUS,  Beriberi.
  INDUC'TIO,  Apago'ge,  from indueere,  (in,
and ducere, ' to lead.')   A word used especially
for the action of extending a plaster upon linen.
  INDUCULA, Waistcoat, strait.
  INDUMENTUM CORDIS,  Pericardium — i.
Nervorum,  Neurilema—i. \rentriculorum, Epen-
dyma ventriculorum.
  IN'DURAXS, (in  and  durus,) Sclerot'icua,
Sclcrun'ticua, Sclery n't icus.  A  medicine which
hardens the parts to which it is  applied.
  IXDURATIO,  Induration — i. Intestinorum,
Enteropathia cancerosa — i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus—
i. Renum, Nephroscleria—i.  Telae cellulosae neo-
natorum, see Induration—i. Arentriculi scirrhosa,
Gastroscirrhus.
  INDURA'TIOX", Indurdtio,  Sclerys'ma,  Scle-
rye'mna, Callos'itaa, Indureacen'tia, Poro'ma, Po-
ror8i8, (F.) Endurciaaement.   The hardness which
supervenes, occasionally, in an inflamed part.  It
is one of the terminations of inflammation, and is
owing to a  change  in the nutrition of the part.
   Induration of the  Cellular Tissue, Indu-
ra'tio seu Oppila'tio  tela cellulo'aa  neonato'rum,
Ethmyphotylo'aia, GP.de'ma neonato'rum, Compact
 QZde'ma of Infanta,  Cat'oehu8 Infan'tum, Indu-
ratio cellulo'aa, Sclere'mia, Sclere'ma, Sclero'ma,
 Sc/eroder'ma, Cutis tensa chron'ica, Dermatopt-
riaclero'aia, Dermatoperiacleryamus, Ethmyphoty-
losis, Hubiniltis, Phlegmasia cellula'ris, Scirrho-
sar'ca neonato'rum, Sclerlasis neonato'rum, Scle-
rosis,  Stipa'tio tela cellulo'sa  Infan'tum, Skin-
 bound Disease, (F.) Endurcissement du tissu cellu-
 laire ;  (Edeine du tissu cellulaire dea nouveau-nes,
Aaphyxie lentc des  nouveau-nea, is a disease which 
INDURESCENTIA            472              INFLAMMATIO
attacks infants a few days after birth, and which
Chaussier proposed to call ScUrime, from axlnpos,
' hard.'
   The Induration of the cellular tissue of  the
adult, Scleroateno'eia ciita'nea, has been regarded
as the result of inflammation of the corium, Cho-
rinni'tis.
   Induration of the Brain, Sclerencephalia—
i.  Grise, see Hepatization.
   INDURESCENTIA, Induration.
   IXDU'SIUAI, Chitonis'cos.   Strictly, 'a shirt,'
' a small tunic;'  but some have  so  called  the
amnion.
   IXE'BRIANT, Tne'briana, Phantaa'ticua; from
in and ebrio, ' I intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.   An
agent that intoxicates.
   IXEBRIATION,  Temulentia.
   INEDIA, Fasting.
   IX'ER'TIA, from  in, 'privative,' and are, artia,
'art.,' (?) Igndvia, Ener'vitaa.  Sluggishness, in-
activity.
   Iner'tia of the  Womb,  (F.) Inertie de la ma-
trice.  The diminution and even total cessation
of the contractions  of the uterus during labour.;
as well as  the species  of languor into which it
sometimes falls after the expulsion of the fcetus.
   INERTIE PAR  EPUISEMENT, see Partu-
rition— i. de la  Mat rice,  Inertia, of the womb.
   IXESIS, Cenosis.
   INETHMOS, Cenosis.
   IN'FAXCA", Infiin'tia, from in, 'negation,' and
fane,  from fad,  'to speak.'  Early  childhood.
Childhood; Nepiolea, Paidi'a, (F.) Enfance.  It
generally includes  the age from  birth till  the
seventh year.  See Age.
   INFANS, Paldion, Ne'pioa, (F.) Enfant.   An
infant; a child;  one in  infancy.   In law,  one
who  has not attained the age of legal capacity;
which is, in general, fixed at twenty-one years.
   Infans hecens natus, Nouveau-ne.
   INFANTIA,  Infancy.
"   IXFAX'TICIDE, Infanticldium, Tecnocton'ia,
Child-murder, from  infane, 'a child,' and cadere,
' to kill.'  The murder of a child newly born, or
on the point of  being born.   It may be perpe-
trated by the mother, or by some  other person,
either by commiaaion, that is, in consequence of a
direct, voluntary act; — or by omiesion of those
cares which are necessary for the preservation of
the new-born.
   IXFARCTUS,  Emphraxis — i. Intestinorum,
Enteremphraxis—i.  Lactei extremitatum, Phleg-
matia dolens—i. Lienis, Splenoncus.
   Infarc'tus MamMjE Lac'teus, Lactis concre-
tio'nea, Nodi seu Thrombi lactei, Trichlaaia lac-
tea.    Knotty tumours  of  the female mammae,
owing to the accumulation and arrest of milk in
the galactophorous ducts.
   Infarctus Uteri, Metremnhraxis.
   INFECTION, see Contagion.
   INFECUNDITY, Sterility.
   INFECUNDUS, Sterile.
   INFER'NAL, Infer'nus; 'relating to hell.'  A
name applied to caustic—Lapis Inferndlis—on
account of its strong burning properties.
   INFIBULA'TIO, Fibula'tio, Infibuldtion,Anc-
terias'mus; from fibula, 'a clasp.'  (F.) Boucle-
ment.  An  operation, formerly practised,  whieh
consisted in passing a ring through  the  prepuce,
after having drawn it over the glans; — in order
to prevent coition.   The  ancients employed  infi-
bulation with their gladiators,  to  preserve all
their strength by depriving them of venery.   In
the  women, to preserve their chastity, the  ring
was  passed  through  the labia majora.
   INFILTRA'TION, Infiltrdtio, from  filtrare,
'to filter.'   Effusion.  The  accumulation  of  a
fluid in the areolae of any texture, and  particu-
larly of the areolar membrane.  The fluid effused
is ordinarily  the  Liquor sanguinis, sound or al-
tered, — sometimes blood or pus,  fieces, or urino.
AVhen infiltration of a serous fluid is general, it
constitutes anasarca ; when local, oedema.
   INFILTRATION PURULENTE,see Hepa-
tization.
   IXFIRM,  Infirm'us, Intberillis, Deb'ilis,  As'-
thenes, from in, negative, and firms, 'firm.'  Not
firm or sound ;  weak ; feeble.
   INFIRMARIUM,  Hospital.
   INFIRMARY, Hospital.
   INFIRMATORIUM,  Hospital.
   INFIRMIER (F.), from injirmua, (in, negative,
and firmua.)   Infirmdrius, Nosoc'omits, Cura'tor
infirmo'rum.  One employed in an hospital or in-
firmary  to take care of the sick.
   INFIRM'ITY, Infirm'itas, Asthenia, Arrhos'-
tia, Invaletildo.  Any disease which has become
habitual, either owing to its chronic character, or
its numerous relapses.
   IXFLA'MED, Infiamma'tus, (F.) Enflammt,—
Phlogo'sed, according to  some.  Same etymon as
inflammation.  Affected  with inflammation.
   INFLAMMABLE AIR,Hydrogen,carburetted.
   INFLAMMATIO,  Inflammation, Phlegmon—
i.  Abdominalis, Enccelitis — i. Articuli Maxillae
Inferioris, Hyposiagonarthritis—i. Auris, Otitis—
i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis — i. Caeci, Typhlo-en-
teritis—i. Capsulae lentis, Phacohymenitis—i. Ce-
rebelli, Cerebellitis—i. Clitoridis, Nymphitis—i.
Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia—i. Corneae, Cera-
titis—i.  Coxae, Osphyitis—i. Cystidis felleae, Cho-
lecystitis— i. Epiglottidis, Epiglottitis—i. Erysi-
pelatosa, Erysipelatous inflammation — i. Fauci-
um, Cynanche, Isthmitis — i. Gastritis,  Gastritis
— i. Genae, Gnathitis — i. Genarum, Melitis — i.
Gingivae, Ulitis—i. Glandularum lymphaticarum,
Hydradenitis — i. Glandularum lymphaticarum,
Lymphadenitis—i. Glandularum  sublingualium,
Hypoglossiadenitis — i.  Gulae,  Oesophagitis— i.
Hepatis, Hepatitis — i. Hepatis lenta, Hepatitis
(chronic)—i. Interna, Empresma — i. Intestino-
rum, Enteritis—i. Iridis, Iritis—i. Jecoris, Hepa-
titis—i.  Laryngis, Laryngitis—i. Lienis,  Splenitis
— i. Ligamentorum,  Syndesmitis — i.  Linguae,
Glossitis—i. Mediastini,  Mesodmitis—i.  Medullae
Spinalis, Myelitis—i. Musculi psoas, Psoitis — i.
Musculorum, Myositis — i. Musculorum abdomi-
nalium,  Myocoeliitis—i. Nervorum, Neuritis—i.
Oculorum,  Ophthalmia—i. CEsophagi, Oesophagi-
tis—i. Omenti,  Epiploitis—i. Ossis, Ostalgitis—i.
Ovarii, Oaritis—i, Palati, Hyperoitis—i.  Pancre-
atis, Pancreatitis—i. Parenchymatica, Parenehy-
matitis—i.  Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche paro-
tidaea— i. Pectoris  acuta,  Pneumonia — i. Pera-
cuta, Hyperphlogosis, Hyperphlegmasia—i. Peri-
cardii, Pericarditis — i. Periostei, Periostitis — i.
Periostei orbitae, Periorbitis — i. Peritonaoi, Peri-
tonitis— i. Pharyngis, Cynanche  pharyngea—i.
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis — i. Pleurae, Pleuritis — i.
Pneumonica, Pneumonia — i. Pulmonum, Pneu-
monia— i. Renum, Nephritis —  i.  Renum  suc-
centuriatprum,  Paranephritis—i.  Retinae, Dictyi-
tis, Retinitis—i. Sclerotica', Sclerotitis—i. Scroti,
Oschitis — i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis — i.
Sinuum frontalium, Metopantritis — i. Stomachi,
Gastritis—i. Superficiei internae cordis, Endocar-
ditis—i. Tela? cellulosae, Ethmyphytis—i. Telae
fibrosae,  Inohymenitis — i. Testium, Hernia hu-
moralis—i. Tonsillarum,  Cynanche tonsillaris—i.
Tunicae hyaloideae, Hyalitis — i. Tympani, Tym-
panitis— i. Urethrae,  Gonorrhoea  — i. Uteri, Me-
tritis—i. Uteri  catarrhalis, see Metritis—i. Uteri
et Peritonaei, Metroperitonitis—i. Uvulae, Uvuli-
tis—i. Arasorum, Angeitis—i. Vasorum lymphati- 
INFLAM.MATION             47.".               INFLUENZA
corum, Angeioleueitis—i. Ventriculi, Gastritis—i.
Ventriculi  et intestinorum,  Gastro-enteritis — i.
Vc/wse, Cystitis—i. A'esicao felleae, Cholecystitis.
  INFLAMMATION,   Inflamma'tio,  from  in,
'within.' and flamma, 'flame,' 'fire;'  Phteg'mone,
I'IiI.c/o'his,  Ecphlogo'eie, Epiphleg"ia, E.rap'sis,
Phlegnitlaia, Cauao'ma, Emprea'ma, Phlo'gia, Hy-
perendosinose (Dutrochet), Incen'dium, Hyperha-
mato'sis, llypcra'mia  acti'va, Phleboplero'sis ec-
plirac'tica.( \'.)Angilte,is so called in consequence
of the acute or burning pain, felt in a part affected
with it.  An irritation in a part of the body is oc-
casioned by  some stimulus ;—owing to which the
blood flows  into the capillary vessels in greater
abundance than natural, and those vessels become
over-dilated and  enfeebled; whence result pain,
redness, heat,  tension, and  swelling; symptoms
which appear in greater or less severity, accord-
ing to the structure, vital properties, and  func-
tions of the part affected, and its connexion with
other parts, as well as  according to the constitu-
tion of the individual.   The  inflammations of the
areolar and serous membranes  greatly agree ; —
and those of the mucus and  skin;  the former
being more  active, and constituting the phleg-
monous variety ; — the  latter, the erythematic or
erysipelatous.  Of this  variety  is the  diffusive in-
flammation  produced  by morbid poisons ;  as
during  dissection, where solutions of continuity
exist on the  fingers of the operator.   It  is seen,
too, in workers in bone, and hence has been called
bone fever.   Preparatory to the turning of bones,
it is customary to macerate them in water.   The
fluid soon  becomes 'putrid, and if the hands  be
kept in  it diffusive inflammation results.  Inflam-
mation  may end by resolution, suppuration, gan-
grene, adhesion,  effusion, or induration.  Each
of the inflammations of internal organs  has re-
ceived a name  according to the  organ affected;—
as, gastritis, cephalitis, enteritis,  hepatitis,  &c.
Besides the above inflammations, there is consi-
dered to be an instinctive kind established for the
union of parts which have been divided, whether
the union takes place  immediately, or by the aid
of an intermediate  body.  This is the adhesive
inflammation.   See Adhesion,  Callus, Cicatrix.
Broussais considered that the term inflammation
should include every local exaltation of the or-
ganic movements which is  sufficiently great to
disturb  the harmony of the functions, and disor-
ganize the  texture in  which it is  situate.   He
farther extended the name inflammation to irri-
tations which do not induce disorganization of the
textures, and which had been previously, and are
still, called fevers.
  Examination of the blood  drawn always  exhi-
bits an increase  of the fibrinous element — the
average proportion of which, in healthy blood, is
about three in the thousand.  In inflammation, it
at times rises as high as ten.  In fevers unaccom-
panied with inflammation, the proportion is  natu-
ral, or below the average; but  whenever inflam-
mation supervenes, it immediately rises.
  External inflammation is easily detected by the
characters already mentioned :—internal, by dis-
turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but
the last sign is often not available.  Both forms
require the removal of  all  irritation,  and the re-
duction  of  vascular excitement and nervous irri-
tability ; hence, blood-letting—local and  general
__sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  counter-irritants
become  valuable  remedies in almost all cases of
inflammation.
  INFLAMMATION   DES   AMYGDALES,
Cvnanehe tonsillaris — ?, dea Arth-ea, Arteritis —
i."of the Bladder, Cystitis — i. de la Bouche, Sto-
matitis__t. dea ftronchcs. Bronchitis — i. du Ca-
cum, Typhlo-enteritis—i. of the C;ucum, Typhlo-
enteritis — i. du Cerveau et du Cerrctet, Phrenitis
i. du Coeur, Carditis — i. du Colon,  Colitis—t. de
la Conjonctive,  see  Ophthalmia — i. of  the Dia-
phragm, Diaphragmitis—i. Diffusive, see Inflam-
mation— i. Diphtheritic, Diphtheritis — i. of the
Ear, Otitis — i. de I'Epiglotte, Epiglottitis — i. de
I'Eatomac, Gastritis—i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia—
». du Foie, Hepatitis—i. dea Geyeicea, Ulitis — i.
General, Synocha—i. of the Internal Membrane
of the Heart, Endocarditis—i. Internal, Empres-
ma—i. dea Inteatina, Enteritis—i. of the Iris,  Iri-
tis—i. of the Kidney, Nephritis—i. de la Langue,
Glossitis—i. of the Larynx,  Laryngitis—i. of the
Liver,  Hepatitis — i. de la Luette, Uvulitis—i. of
the Lungs, Pneumonia—i. of the Malpighian  Bo-
dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the—i. dea Mu-
mellea, Mastitis—i.  de la Matrice, Metritis^?', de
la Membrane alviolo-deutaire, Periodontitis — i,
de la Membrane aereuae cephalo-rachidienne, Me-
ningitis—i. of the Mesentery, Mesenteritis—i. de
la Moelle e.pinilre  ou rachidienne, Myelitis — i.
of the Mouth, pseudo-membranous, Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous—i. of the Mouth, pultaceous,
Aphthae — i. dea Muscles, Myositis — i. des A'erfs,
Neuritis—i. de KEil, Ophthalmia—t. de lOreille,
Otitis—i. de VOvaire, Oaritis—i. du Palais, Hy-
peroitis—i. du Parenchyme pulmonaire, Pneumo-
nia— i. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidaea—i.
Pellicular, Diphtheritis — i. du  Pericarde,  Pe-
ricarditis— i.  of the  Pericardium, Pericardi-
tis— i. du Peritoine, Peritonitis — i. of the  Pe-
ritonaeum,  Peritonitis—i. of the  Pleura,  Pleu-
ritis— i. de la Plevre, Pleuritis — i'. dea Poumona,
Pneumonia—i. du Muacle psoas, Psoitis—i. de la
Rate, Splenitis—i. dea Reina, Nephritis—i. Spon-
goid, Haematodes Fungus, see also Encephaloid—
i. of the Stomach,  Gastritis—i. de la  Teaticule,
Hernia humoralis—i. of the Testicle, Hernia hu-
moralis—i. dea Tia8ua blancs, Angeioleueitis — i.
of the  Tongue, Glossitis — i. des Vaisseaux Lym-
phatiques, Angeioleueitis—i. des Veines, Phlebi-
tis—i,  de la Vesicule du Fiel, Cholecystitis—i. de
la Vessie, Cystitis—i. of the AVomb, Metritis.
  INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,   SubinfiammdHo.
A superficial and often  insignificant inflamma-
tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous affections.
  INFLAM'MAT0RY,7n/ammnfo'riH«/ Phlog"-
icus, Phlogo'des, Phlogis'ticus, Phlogis'tic, belong-
ing to inflammation; — as, inflammatory tumour,
inflammatory fever, <fcc.  The blood is  said to be
inflammatory when cupped or bufl'y.
  INFLATE,  Emphysema,  Puffiness,  Colica
flatulenta—i. Parotidum, Cynanche'parotidaea—
i. Uteri,  Physometra.
  INFLEXIO, Campsis.
  INFLUENCE, Influenza.
  INFLUEXTIA, Influenza.
  INFLUENZA.   The  Italian for 'Influence.'
Influenza Europa'a, Infiuen'tia, Catar'rhus epi-
dem'icus, Febris catarrha'lis epidem'ica, Catar'-
rhus d  conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum, Morbus
Verveclnus, M.  Catarrha'lis, Syn'ochus catar-
rhal1 lia, Defiux'io catarrha'lis,  M. Arie'tis,  Ce-
phalalgia contagiosa (epidemics of the 16th and
17th centuries): (F.) Tac, Ladendo, Quinte, Flo-
rion, Coqueluche,  Baraquctte, Generate, Grippe,
Follette,  Grenade, Coquette,  Cocote, Petite Paste,
Petit  Courier, Allure, Fievre catarrhale epide-
mique; Influence, Epidemic catarrh.  A severe
form of catarrh occurring epidemically, and ge-
nerally affecting a number of persons  in a com-
munity.  See  Catarrh,  epidemic.   Gluge, from
his investigations, considers that the following is
the chronological order of the return of the influ-
enza:— 14th centurv, 1323, 1326—15th century,
1410. 1411, 1414—16th century, 1510, 1557,1562,
1574. 15S0, and 1593 —17th-century, 165S, 1669,
1675, 1693—18th  century, 170S, 1712,1729,1732, 
INFLUENZOID
474
INFUSUM
1733,1742, 1743,1761,1762, and 1775—19th cen-
tury, 1800, 1803, 1831, and 1833.  To these may
be added 1837, and 1843.
  Influenza Europjea, Influenza.
  INFLUEN'ZOID, Influenzal dea.  An express-
ive but hybridous compound:  from influenza, and
tibos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling influenza.—Dr.
T. Thompson.
  INFORMITAS,  Deformation.
  INFORTUNIUM, Contrafissura.
  INFRA-ATLOID^EUS, Sub-atloidaeus.
  INFRA-AXOID^IUS, Sub-axoidaeus.
  INFRA-COSTALES, see Intercostal muscles.
  INFRA-MAXILLARIS, Sub-maxillary.
  INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA, Cepha-
losomatodymia.
  INFRA-ORBITAR, Sub-orbitar.
  IXFRAPUBIAN LIGAMENT, Triangular li-
gament.
  IXFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subscapularis.
  IXFRA-SPINALIS, Infra-spinatus.
  INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Infraspindlis, from in-
fra, 'beneath,'  and  spina,  'a spine.'  Situate
beneath the spine of the scapula;—Infra Spina-
na'lis.
  Infra-Spina'ta Fossa, (F.)  Fosse sous-epi-
neuse.  A large  excavation on the posterior sur-
face of the scapula, beneath its spine.  It is filled
by the
  Infra-Spinatus Muscle,  Grand  Scapulo-tro-
chitirien,  Super scapula'ris inferior  (Ch.), (F.)
Sous-epineux, which is broad,  flat, and triangular.
It is attached, by its base,  to the  three inner
quarters of the fossa; and is inserted, by  a long
tendon, into the middle part of the great tubero-
sity of the os humeri (Trochiter).  It turns the
arm outwards, and, when the arm  is elevated,
carries it backwards.
  IXFRINGENS', Corrigent
  INFUNDIB'ULUM, (in, and fundere, 'to pour
out')  A Latin word  signifying a  Funnel,—
Choa'ne, Chonos, (F.) Entonnoir,— of which va-
rious kinds are employed in pharmaceutical ope-
rations.  A  name, given  to  many parts which,
more or  le*s, resemble a funnel.  It is particu-
larly appropriated  to the following organs  :—
  Infundib'ulum  of the Brain, Infundib'ulum
seu Pelvis seu Choa'na seu Cy'athus seu Scyphus
seu Concha seu Lacu'na seu Em'bolum seu Aqua-
duc'tns seu Labrum  seu Concav'ilas conchula'ris
seu  Processus orbicula'ris Cer'ebri,  (F.) Enton-
noir du ventricule moyen du  cerveau, Tige  Pitui-
taire, Tige sais-sphenoidale.  A depression  in the
inferior paries of the middle ventricle, above the
pituitary gland.  It was, anciently, regarded as
a canal by which  the fluid collected in the ven-
tricles  of the brain was evacuated,  and poured
into the nasal fossae.
  Infundib'ulum  Cerebri, I. of the Brain.
  Infundibulum of  the  Cochlea,  I. Coch'lea,
Scyphus Vieussen'ii,  S. audito'rius, Cucul'lus, Ca-
na'lis Scaldrum commu'nis.   This, with the mo-
diolus, forms the nucleus around which the gyri
of the  cochlea pass.  It is an imperfect funnel,
the apex  of  which is common with that  of the
modiolus; and the base is covered with the apex
of the cochlea, termed Cu'pola.
  In Surgery,  infundibula  are used to  direct
steam or vapours;  to conduct the actual cautery
to certain morbid parts, <fcc.
  Infundibulum of  the Ethmoid Bone,  or of
the Nasal Fossae.   One of the anterior cells of
that bone, which is  broad and expanded  above,
and narrow below ; opening, above, into the fron-
tal sinus; below,  into the anterior  part  of the
middle meatus of the nasal fossae.
  Infundibulum of  the Heart, Conus arterio-
sus— i. of the Kidney, see  Calix—i.  Lachrymale,
Lachrymal Sac — i. Tubarum Fallopii, sec Tube,
Fallopian—-i. A'entriculi, Oesophagus.
  INFU'SEN', Infn'sio, En'chysis, from infun-
dere (in, and fundere), 'to pour in,' ' to introduce.'
A  pharmaceutical  operation,  which consists  in
pouring a  hot or  cold  fluid  upon  a  substance
whose  medical virtues it is desired to  extract.
Infusion is, also, used for the product of this ope-
ration.  In Surgery, infusion— Chirur'gia iiifu-
so'ria,  Ars clysma'tica nova — is the act of intro-
ducing into the veins medicinal substances, by aid
of an instrument called Infusor.  This mode of in-
troducing  medicines was called Ars infuso'ria.
  Infusion of Angustura, Infusum Cuspariae
— i. of Bark,  Infusum cinchonae—i. of Buchu,
Infusum Diosmae — i. of Calumba,  Infusum ca-
lumbae—i. of Cascarilla,  Infusum cascarillae —
i. of Catechu, Infusum catechu  compositum — i.
of Cayenne pepper, Infusum capsici — i.  of Cha-
momile, Infusum anthemidis—i.  of  Cinchona,
Infusum cinchona1—i. of Cloves, Infusum earyo-
phyllorum — i. of Cusparia, Infusum cuspariae —
i. of Dandelion, Infusum  Taraxaci — i.  of Fox-
glove, Infusum digitalis—i. of Gentian, compound,
Infusum gentianae  compositum—i. of Cinger, In-
fusum  Zingiberis — i. of Hops,  Infusum humuli
—i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum  armora-
eiae compositum — i.  of Binseed,  Infusum lini
compositum — i. of  Mint, compound,  Infusum
menthae compositum — i. of  Orange-peel, com-
pound, Infusum aurantii compositum—i. of Pink-
root, Infusum spigeliae — i. of Quassia, Infusum
quassiae—i. of Rhatany, Infusum Krameriae—i.
of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei—1!. of the Rose, Infu-
sum rosae  compositum — i. of Sarsaparilla, Infu-
sum sarsaparillae — i. of Sassafras pith, Infusum
sassafras medullae — i. of Senna, Infusum sennae
compositum—i. of Simarouba, Infusum simarou-
bae — i. of Slippery  elm, Infusum ulmi — i. of
Thoroughwort, Infusum eupatorii—i. of Tobacco,
Infusum tabaci—i. of Valerian, Infusum  Valeria-
nae—i. of Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpenta-
riae — i. of AVild  cherry,  Infusum pruni Arirgi-
nianae.
  INFUSOIR (F.),  same etymon.  An instru-
ment for injecting medicinal substances  into the
veins.  It  was a  kind of funnel, the elongated
apex of which was stopped by  a  metallic rod,
which  could be withdrawn when the apex was
introduced into a vein.
  INFU'SUM, En'chyma.  The product of an
infusion.
  Infusum Acaciae Catechu, I. catechu compo-
situm— i.  Amarum  vinosum, Vinum gentianae
compositum—i. of Angustura, I. cuspariae.
  Infusum Anthem'idis,  Hydrochamaime'lum,
Infusion of Cham'omile.  (Anthemid. fior. §ss;
aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for ten minutes  in a
covered vessel, and strain.—Ph. L.)  Dose, f^j
to f^iss.
  Infusum Armora'ci.e  Compos'itum,  Infusum
Armoracia (Ph. U.  S.),  Compound infusion of
Horseradish.  (Armorac. rad. concis., sinapis cont.
sing, ^j ;  aqua bullient. Oj.  Macerate  for two
hours, and strain.)  Dose, f^j to f^iij.
  Infusum Auran'tii Compos'itum,  Compound
Infusion of Orange Peel. (Aurant.  cort. sice, ^iji
limon.  cort. recent. 5Jj ; caryoph.  cont. 3SS i ("1-
fervent. Oss.  Macerate for fifteen minutes, and
strain.—Ph. L.)  Dose, f^iss to f^ij.
  Infusum Brash,  AVort — i.  Buchu,  Infusum
Diosmae—i.  Bynes, AVort.
   Infusum Calum'b^e,  I. Calom'ba, I. Colomba,
Infusion of Columba.  (Calumb. rad. concis. §ss;
aq. fervent.  Oj.  Macerate for two hours, and
strain.—Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, fgiss to f.^iij.
  Infusum Cap'sici, Infusion of Cayenne Pepper.
(Capaic.  in pulv.  crass, ^ss;  aq. bullient.  Oj. 
INFUSUM                475                INFUSUM
Macerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f'3jiss.
  Infusum  Caryophyl'li, Infusion of Clcjvea.
(Caryoph. contus.  gij ;  aq. bullient. Oj.   Mace-
rate  for two hours, and strain.)  Dose, f^iss to
f3«j-
  Infusum Cascaril'la, Infuaion of Cascarilla.
(Caacarill.  contus. 3*j ;  aq. bullient. Oj.   Mace-
r.ile  for two hours, and strain.)  Dose, f^iss to
'o'j-
  I nfusum Cassia Senna, I. sennae compositum.
  Infusum Cat'echu Compos'itum, Infusum  Ca-
techu, I. Aca'cia Catechu, Infusion of Catechu.
(Catechu,  in pulv. Ijss; cinnam.  cont.  !jj >'  aa-
bullicnt._J)}.  Macerate  for an hour, and strain.)
Dose, f^iss to f^ij.
  Infusum  Cincho'n.e, I. Cinchona laneifo'lia,
Infusion of Cinchona.  (Cinch,  contus. ^j ;  aq.
fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.)
This infusion may also be made from the same
quantity of bark in coarse powder by the process
of displacement with hot or cold water.  Dose,
'3*1 to '3''J-   The Pharmacopoeia of the United
States  has an  Infu'sum  Cincho'na fiava, Infu-
sion  of  yellow  bark,  and  an Infuaum Cinchona
rubra, Infuaion of red bark, which are prepared
in the same manner.   It has  also  an Infu'sum
Cincho'na Gompositum, which is made as follows:
(Cinchon. rubr. in pulv. 3*j ; Acid. Sulph.  aromat.
f^j ; aqua, Oj.  Macerate for twelve hours, oc-
casionally shaking,  and strain.)  Dose, same as
the last.
  Infusum Cinchona Compositum, see Infusum
Cinchonae.
  Infusum Cinchona Flava, see Infusum Cin-
chonae.
  Infusum Colomb.e, I. calumbae.
  Infusum  Cuspa'ria,  /. Anguatn'ra,  Infuaion
of Cuspa'ria.  (Cuspar. cort. contus.  ^ss;  aq.
bullient. Oj.  Macerate for two hours, and strain.)
Dose, ft5j to f^iij.
  Infusum  Digita'lis,  /. Digitalis purpu'rea,
Infusion of Foxglove. (Digital, ^j ',  eiq. bullient.
Oss : tinct.  cinnamomi, f^j.  Macerate, and add
sp. cinnam. f-3J.)   Dose, f^j.
  Infusum  Dios'ma, Ph. U. S., 1842, Infusum
Buchu, Ph. U. S., 1851, Infuaion of Buchu, (Di-
08m.  ^j ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for four hours
in a  covered vessel, and strain.—Ph.U.S.) Dose,

  Infusum  Eupato'rii, Infuaion  of Thorough-
wort. (Eupator. 3*j ;  aq. bullient, Oj.  Macerate
for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U.S.) Dose, f^ij.
  Infusum  Gentia'na Compos'itum, Comjwund
Infuaion of Gentian.   (Gentian, cont. ^ss ; A li-
ra nt. cort., Coriandr. contus. aa. SJj J alcohol, dilut.
f'o'v; aqua, f'oxij.   First pour on the acohol,
and three hours afterwards, the water ; then ma-
cerate fur twelve hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f^j to fgij.
  Mnrsden'8  Antiacorbu'tic Drops,  an empirical
preparation, consist of a solution of corrosive sub-
limate in an infuaion of gentian.
  Infu'sum Hu'muli, Infusion  of Hops.  (Hu-
mid,  ^ss;  aq. bullient. Oj.   Macerate  for  two
hours' and strain.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f^iss to
t'Sjiij.
 1 Infu'sum Krame'ria, Infusion  of Rhat'any.
(Kramer, contus. 5.1;  aq. bullient, Oj.   Mace-
rate for  four hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
f'iss.
  Im'Usum Lini, I. L. compositum.
  Infusum Lini Compos'itum (Ph. U. S., 1851),
/.  Lini  (Ph. U. S., 1S42), /. Lini usitatii'simi,
Infusion of Linseed, Flaxseed  Tea.  (Lini sem.
cont ^ss ; glycyrrh. rad. cont ^ij ; aqua  bullient.
Oj.  Macerate for four hours, and strain.)  Dose,
a teacupful, ad libitum.
  Infusum Malti, Wort.
  Infusum  Mentha  Compos'itum,  Compound
Infuaion  of Mint.   (Fol.  menth.  aat. sice, gij;
aq. fervent, q.  s. ut colentur.  f^vj.  Macerate
for  half an hour;  and, when cold,  strain : then
add — aacch. alb. 3'j > ol. menth. 8at.  gtt.  iij, dis-
solved in finer, card.  c.  f^ss.—Ph. D.)   Dose,
J'3J to 13*»•>•
  Infusum Picis Empyreumatica Liquida, see
Pinus sylvestris — i. Picis liquidum, see Pinus
sylvestris.
  Infusum PruniVirginia'na, Infusion of Wild
Cherry  Bark.   (Prun.  Virginian,  cont.  3*ssi
aqua, Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.—
Ph. U. S.)
  Infusum Quassia, /. Quassia  excelsa, Infu-
sion of  Quassia.   (Quassia lign. cone. 3'j > a9-
Oj.  Macerate for two hours, and  strain.)   Dose,
f3' t0 f3iv-
  Infusum Rhei, An'ima Rhei, Infusion of Rhu-
barb.  (Rhei, cont. £} ; aq. ferv. Oss.  Macerate
for two hours, and strain.)   Dose, f^j to  f^iv.
  Infusum Rosa Compos'itum, /. Rosa Gallica,
Infuaion  of the Roae.  (Roa.  Gallic, giv ;  aq. bul-
lient. Oiiss; acid,  aulph. d. fjnj ; aacch. purif.
§iss. Add the water, and afterwards the  acid;—
macerate for half  an hour; strain, and  add the
sugar.)   Dose,  f 3*iss to Oss.
  Infusum Sarsaparil'la, Infuaion of Sarsa-
parilla.  (Sar8aparill. contus. 3J ; aqua bullient.
Oj.  Digest for two hours in a  covered vessel,
and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  It may also be prepared
by displacement.   Dose, fSjij to f3iv-
  Infusum  Sassafras,  Infusion of Sassafras
Pith, Mu'cilage of Sassafras Pith.   (Sassafras
medttll. ^j ; aqua,  Oj.  Macerate for three hours,
and  strain.)  An emollient collyrium; and de-
mulcent drink.
  Infusum Senna, /.  S. Compos'itum, I. Cassia
Senna, I.  Senna  simplex,  Infusion  of  Senna,
(Senna, ^j ; coriandr. cont. ^j  >° ao- bullient. Oj.
Macerate- for an hour, and strain.)  Dose, f^j
to f^iv.
  The Black Draught, Black Dose,  Haustus ni-
ger,  is usually formed of this infusion.   It may
be made of infus.  senna, f3vi  aa- cinnam. f ijj ;
manna, £iv; magnes. sulph. gvj.   Dose,  a wine-
glassful.
  Selway's Prepared Essence of Senna is a con-
centrated infusion  of the leaves  in combination
with an alkali.
  Infusum Senna Compositum, I. sennae.
  Infusum  Serpenta'ria, Infusion of Virginia
Snakeroot.   (Serpentar. 3*ss;  aq.  bullient. Oj.
Macerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f^iss.
  Infusum Simarou'ba, Infusion of Simaronba.
(Simaroub. cort. cont. £ss ; aq. fervent. Oss.  Ma-
cerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. L.) Dose,

  Infu'sum  Spige'li.e,  Infusion of  Pinkroot.
(Spigel. §ss ; aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate for two
hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f^ivto Oss.
  Infusum Tab'aci, Infusion of  Tobacco.  (Ta-
baci fol. 3J > aq. ferv. Oj.  Macerate for an hour,
and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
  Infusum  Tarax^aci,  Infusion of Dandelion.
(Taraxuc.  contus. ^ij ; aq. bullient. Oj.   Mace-
rate for two hours, and strain.— Ph. U. S.) Dose,
f^iss, as a diuretic, kc.
   Infusum Ulmi,  Infusion  of Slip'pery  Elm,
Slippery  Elm  Tea.  This  preparation,  in the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is made by
infusing  one ounce of slippery elm bark in a pint
of boiling water.
  Intisum Vai.ERIA'n.K,  Infusion of Vale'rian,
(Rad. valerian, in crass, pulv. 3 ss; aq. bullient. Oj. 
                INGENIUM                47i

Macerate for an hour, and  strain.— Ph. D. and
U. S.)   Dose, giss to §ij.
  Infusum Zingib'eris, Infuaion of Ginger, Gin-
ger Tea.  (Zingib. contus. ^ss; aq. bullient, Oj.
Macerate for two hours, and strain.— Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f^iss, as a carminative.
  INGE'XIUAI (Morbi).  The genius  of a dis-
ease.   This word is  employed, especially by the
French, synonymously with nature. They speak,
for instance, of Genie inflammatoire, bilieux,  &c.
Some,  also, use grem'e in  the place of type of an
intermittent.
  IXGES'TA,  from  in,  and gerere, gestum,  'to
bear or carry into.'  Substances, introduced into
the body by the digestive passages; as food,  con-
diments, drinks, &c.
  INGLU'ATES, Aplca'tia, Victiia intemperan'-
tia : — Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also,  the Crop
or Craw of  Birds, (F.) Jabot;  and the^/irsf atomach
or paunch of ruminant animals—Pen'ula,Rumen,
 Venter maqnua.  Also, the Pharynx.
  IXGRAS'SIAS, APOPH'YSES OF.  The
lesser alae of the sphenoid bone.
  IXGRAVIDATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IXGRAA^IDATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IXGRESSUS SUPERIOR, Cardia.
  INGUEXT, Bubon, Bubo, 'the groin.'  jEdce'-
on, aibotov, He'patia emuncto'ria, (F.) Aine.  The
oblique fold or depression which separates the ab-
domen from the thigh. It is  only, properly speak-
ing, a line  that extends from the anterior and su-
perior  spinous process of the ilium to the middle
part of the horizontal ramus of the pubis. Also,
the genital organs.
  IN'GUINAL, Inguina'lia, from  inguen,  'the
groin.'  Belonging or relating to the groin. This
epithet has been given to various parts met with
in the region of the groin or inguinal region.
  Inguinal Artery is that portion of the femoral
artery  situate  immediately beneath  the crural
arch in the inguinal region.
  Inguinal  Canal  is a  canal, about  two inches
in length,  proceeding obliquely downwards, in-
wards and  forwards at the lower part of the  ab-
domen ; through which passes the spermatic cord,
in men, and the round ligament of the uterus in
women.  This canal is formed, inferiorly and an-
teriorly, by the aponeurosis of the greater oblique
muscle ; posteriorly  by the  faacia tranaveraalia,
which is joined to the preceding aponeurosis, and
forms with it a deep  channel, into which are re-
ceived the  lesser oblique and transversalis mus-
cles.  The  inguinal canal has two apertures;  the
one, the lower and inner, is called the inguinal or
abdominal  ring. It is bounded by two strong ten-
dinous pillars, which fix it—the innermost to the
symphysis, the outermost to the spine of the pu-
bis.  The upper and  outer aperture is formed by
the fascia transversalis.  From the edge of this
aperture arises a membranous funnel, — a  pro-
longation of the fascia transversalis, — which re-
ceives  the spermatic  vessels  ; forms their proper
sheath, and accompanies them as far  as  the  tes-
ticle.   On  its inside  lies the  epigastric artery.
Above it, is the lower edge of the transversalis
muscle : and, below, it is  bounded by the channel
of the greater oblique.  By following the oblique
direction of this canal, and passing, consequently,
on the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera
are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal
hernia.
  In'guinal Re'gion, Re'gio inguina'lia, Bubo,
Inguen.  The region of the groin.
  Inguinal  Ring, Abdom'inal Ring,  An'nulua
dbaom'inia, (F.) Anneau  Inguinal, is the inferior
aperture of the inguinal canal.
  IN'GUIXO-CUTA'NEUS.   A name given by
Professor  Chaussier to the middle ramus of the
6                INJECTION

 anterior branch  of the first lumbar nerve;  be-
 cause it sends its numerous filaments to the groin,
 scrotum, and to the skin of the  superior part of
 the thigh.
   INHJERENS,  Inherent.
   INHALATIO, Absorption, Inhalation — i.  Cu-
 tis, see Absorption.
   INHALA'TION, Inhala'tio;  from in and  ha-
 lare, ' to breathe.'  The act of drawing air or va-
 pour  into the  lungs — Inhala'tio pulmona'lia.
 Also, absorption.
   INHA'LER.   Same  etymon.  An  apparatus
 for inhalation.  Mndge'a Inhaler is an apparatus
 for inhaling  the steam of hot water, in affections
 of the air-passages.  It  consists of a pewter tank-
 ard  provided with a lid, into which a flexible tube
 is inserted.  Through this, the vapour  is inhaled.
   INHE'RENT,  Inharena, (in, and harens.)
 That which adheres, or which is joined or united
 to any thing.
   Inherent Cautery, (F.)  CautZre inherent, is
 the  actual cautery,  left in contact with a part
 until it is reduced to the state of a deep eschar.
   IXTIUMA'TEN, lnhuma'tio, from inhumo,  (in,
 and humus,)  ' I put into the ground.' lnhuma'tio.
 The sepulture of the dead.  This belongs  to  the
 subject of medical police.
   INIAD, see Inial.
   IN'IAL, from ivtov,  the ridge of the occiput.
 An  epithet, prepared by Dr. Barclay,  for an  as-
 pect towards the plane  of the ridge of the occi-
 put.   Iniad  is employed  by him adverbially to
 signify ' towards the inial aspect'
   INIODYMUS, Diprosopus.
   IN ION, ivtov.   Some of the Greek physicians
 give this name to the occiput, or the ridge of  the
 occiput; others to the back part of the neck, and
 the muscles of the occiput.   Blanchard says it is
 the commencement of the spinal marrow.
   INI'TIS,  Inohymeni'tis, from is, gen. ivos,  'a
 fibre,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.
 Fibrous inflammation.
   INITIUM, Arche —  i. Asperae arteriae, Larynx
 — i. Extuberans  Coli, Caecum.
   INIUM, tviov.   The nucha.  Also, the muscles
 at the back of the neck.  See Inion.
   INJACULA'TIO.  A term employed by Van
 Helmont to designate an acute pain  of the sto-
 mach, with rigidity and immobility of the body.
   INJECT'ED,  Injec'tit8, from  injicere, (in, and
 facere, ' to throw into.'  The face and other parts
 are said to be injected,  when the accumulation of
 blood in the capillary vessels gives them an evi-
 dent red colour.   A subject or part of a subject,
 is also said to be injected, when its vessels have
 been filled, by the anatomist, with an appropriate
 composition.
   INJECTION, Injec'tio, Eis'bole :  same  ety-
 mon.   The act of introducing, by means of a sy-
 ringe or other instrument, a liquid into a cavity
 of the body.  The liquid injected is also called an
 injection.  Anatomists  use injections — Injectio'-
 nes  anatom'ica — for filling the cavities of ves-
 sels, in  order that they may be rendered more
 apparent, and their dissection be faoilitated.   For
 this  purpose, they employ syringes  of different
 dimensions,  and various  materials.   The most
 common injections are made of soot, wax,  and
 turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, vermilion,
 <fec.   There  are three kinds chiefly used by ana-
 tomists,— the coarse,  the fine, and the minute.
 The following are formulae for each.
              Coarse  Injection.
                     No. 1.
   Pure yellow wax,  oz. xvj.
   Bleached rosin, oz. viij.
   Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. vj.
47 
INJECTION
477
INNOMINATUM
                    No. 2.
   Yellow rosin, lb. ij.
   i ellow wax, lb. j.
   Turpentine  vamish,  a  sufficient  quantity  to
    make the mixture flexible when cold.
                    No. 3.
   Tallow, lb. ij.
   White wax, oz. X.
   Common oil, oz. vj.
   Venice turpentine, oz. iv.
Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boiling
   water.

To make any of these mixtures.
    Red — add vermilion, oz. iij.
    Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iiss.
    AV'hite — beat flake white, oz. vss.
    Pale-blue   { *"«#*« wh\te> o*.#ii«fc
                (fine blue  amalt, oz. niss.
    Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. xss.
    Black — lamp black, oz. j.
           ( powdered verdigris, oz. ivss.
    Green <  best flake white, oz. iss.
           []iowdered gamboge, oz. j.

              Fine Injection.
  Brown spirit varnish, oz. iv.
   White spirit varnish,  oz.  iv.
   'Turpentine varnish, OZ. j.
To make this mixture,
    Red — add vermilion, oz. j.
    A'ellow — King's yellow, oz. jj.
    AVhite — best flake white, oz. ij.

    Light-blue
(fine blue smalt, oz. iss.
| beat flake white, oz. j|
     Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. iv,
     Black — lamp-black, oz. ss.

              Minute Injection.
   Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or
     Isinglass, oz. viij.
     Water, lb. iss.  Dissolve.
 To make this mixture,
     Red — add vermilion, oz. v.
     Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iv.
     AVhite — beat flake ichite, oz. v.
     Blue —fine blue smalt, oz. viij.
           (powdered verdigris, oz. iij.
     Green < beat flake ichite, dr. ij.
           (powdered gamboge, dr. j*.
     Black — lamp-black, oz. j.
   Beautiful  injections are made with  ether  as
 the menstruum.
               Cold Injection.
   White lead  and red lead, each, oz. iv;  linseed
     oil, enough to form a thick paste when they
     are rubbed well together. Liquefy this paste
     with turpentine varnish,  oz. viij.
   The advantage of this mixture is, that the sub-
 ject need not be heated.
   In order  to inject the arteries, the  injection
 must be forced from the great trunks towards
 their ultimate ramifications.  To inject the veins,
 on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of
 their valves, to send the injection from the smaller
 divisions towards the greater.  The  lymphatics
 are usually injected with mercury.  The  practi-
 tioner  injects, by forcing with a syringe, liquids,
 such as emollient, narcotic, stimulant, and other
 decoctions or infusions, into  different hollow or-
gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossa\ urethra,
tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, Ac, to fulfil va-
rious therapeutical indications.
  The  following  injection has been  strongly re-
commended by Dr. Horner to preserve the dead
body.
   Take of Liverpool St. Ubes,
     or Turk's Island Salt,   oz. 36 avoird.
     Nitrate of potassa,       " 19
     Carbonate of aoda,       "  8
     Molasses (Sugar-house,)   "  4 by meas.
     Water,                  six pints.
   The saline constituents to be dissolved first of
 all in boiling hot water ; the  molasses to be after-
 wards stirred in :  the starch to be mixed well with
 half a pint of cold water, and then to be stirred
 in with the other articles.  As soon  as  it begins
 to boil, the whole mass swells  up, when it must
 be removed from the fire.  On the proper reduc-
 tion of temperature it is fit for use.
   Injection, Matthews's, see Tinctura cantha-
 ridis.
   Injectiones Anatomica, see Injection.
   INK, Atramentum.
   IN-KNEED, Entogonyankon.
   IN'NATE, from in, and natua, 'born.' Inborn.
   Innate Diseases, Morbi coundti, M. congen'-
 iti, (F.) Maladiea inneea.  Diseases with which
 the infant is born.  They are not always heredi-
 tary, as hereditary diseases are not always innate.
   INNERLEITHEN, MINERAL AVATERS
 OF.  These springs, situate near the Tweed, and
 supposed to be the scene of " St, Ronan's AVell,"
 contain chlorides of sodium and calcium, and car-
 bonate of magnesia.
   INNERVATION, Innervdtio,  from in, 'in,'
 and nervua, 'a nerve.'  By this  term is meant —
 the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten-
 ance of life and the functions of the various or-
 gans;— an influence of whose character and
 source  we are ignorant.   It seems to resemble
 the galvanic or electric agencies.  See Nerves.
   INNOMINA'TUM, Anon'ymum, from in, priv.
 and nomen, ' a name.'  (F.) Anonyme.  Having
 no name.
   Innomina'ta Arte'ria, Brachio-cephalic ar-
 tery, A. brachio-cephalique (Ch.),—Arte'ria anon'-
 yma, Right Subclavian, (F.) Artere innominie, is
 the trunk common to the right primitive carotid
 and to the subclavian.  It arises from the ante-
 rior part of the arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely
 to the right, along the trachea ; and, after a course
 of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks,
 which  go off at right angles.   The  one is exter-
 nal— the right subclavian proper ;  the other su-
perioi---the primitive carotid, of the same side.
  Innominata Cartilago, Cricoid.
  Innominata Cav'itas.  A cavity of the  outer
 ear, between the helix and anthelix.
  Innominatum Fora'men.  A foramen, near the
 middle of the anterior surface of the pars petrosa
 of the temporal bone, leading backwards for  the
 passage of the Vidian nerve, reflected from the 2d
 branch of the 5th to the portio dura of the 7th pair.
  Innominata Fossa, see Fossa.
  Innominata Linea, see Ilio-pectinea Linea.
  Innominati  vel Anonymi Nervi.  Some ana-
 tomists have thus called the  nerves of the fifth
 pair.
  Innominatum Os,  Os  Coxen'dicis, Os Coxa, Os
 anon'ymum, Os pelvis latera'le, (F.)  Os innomine,
 Os Coxal,  Os anonyme, <tc.   A very large, flat
 bone, which forms the anterior and lateral paries
 of the pelvis.  It is curved upon itself in two op-
 posite directions.  In the  first periods of life, it
 is composed of three portions ; — the ilium, ischi-
 um, and pubis, which join each other in the ace-
 tabulum.   It is articulated before with its fellow,
 — behind, with the sacrum;  and laterally with
 the femur.
  Innominata Mino'ra Ossa, — Lesser Ossa in-
 nominata,  Ossic'tda  innomina'ta.  Some anato-
 mists have given this name to  the three cuneiform
 bones of the tarsus. 
INNOMINATUS
478
INSOMNIA
  Innominata  Ossicula,  Innominata  minora
ossa—i. Tunica Oeuli, Sclerotic.
  Innominata Atena of A'ieussens.   Vieussens
has given this name to two or three veins, which
arise on the anterior  surface and right margin of
the heart, and open into the auricle  towards  its
right margin.  The term Vena Innominata  of
Meckel is given  to the  brachiocephalic veins,
which  are generally  included in the description
of the  subclavian vein,  and correspond to the
arteriae innominatae,  being formed by the union
of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian
properly so called, which correspond  to the  com-
mon carotid and subclavian arteries.
  INNOMINATUS, Anonymous.
  INNUTRITE  OSSIUM, Rachitis.
  INOCULA'TION, Inoculdtio, Inail'io, Inail'io
variola'rum, from  inoculare, (in, and oculus, ' an
eye,')  'to  ingraft'   Any operation  by which
small-pox,  for example, may be artificially  com-
municated, by introducing the virus of the parti-
cular disease into the economy, by  means of a
puncture or scratch made  in the skin. AVhen the
word inoculation is used alone, it usually means
that for the small-pox,— Variola'tion.
  Inoculation, Cowpox,  Vaccination—i. Jenne-
rian, Vaccination.
  INOC'ULATOR, Same etymon. In'sitor. One
who practises inoculation.
  INODULAR  TISSUE, see Tissue, modular.
  INODULE, Tissue, inodular.
  INOHYLOMA,  Tumor, fibrous.
  INOHYMENI'TIS: from is, gen. ivos, 'a fibre;'
'vpnv, ' a membrane,' and itis,  denoting  inflam-
mation.  Infiamma'tio tela fibro'aa.   Inflamma-
tion of the fibrous tissue.
  INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus.
  INORGAN'IC, Inorgan'icue, Unor'ganized,
(Fr.) Inorganique; from  in, priv.  and organum,
'an organ.'  A term  applied  to  bodies  which
have no organs;—such as minerals.   At the pre-
sent day, naturalists admit of but two classes of
bodies,—the  organized and inorganic.  Parts of
the body which, like the epidermis, are devoid
of blood-vessels and nerves, have been called an-
organic.
  INOSCLERO'MA, from ts, gen. ivos, 'a fibre,'
and axlnpwpa, 'induration.'   Induration of  the
fibrous tissue.
   INOSCULATE,  Anastomosis.
   INQUIES, Inquietude.
   INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude.
   INQUI'ETUDE, Inquietu'do, In'quiea, Inquie-
ta'tio, Jactita'tio,  from in, priv. and  quies, 'rest'
Agitation  or trouble, caused  by indisposition.
Restlessness.
   INQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm.
   INQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me-
dico-legal.
   INSALWA'TEN, Inaalivdtio, from  in, and
saliva.  The mixture of the food with the saliva,
and other secretions of the mouth.
   INSALU'BRIO US, Insalu'bris, Nose'ros, No-
so'des.  That which is unhealthy,—which injures
the health.
   INSANABILIS,  Incurable.
   INSANE, Inadnua; from in, 'un,' and  aanua,
 ' sound ;' Aliendtus, Crazy, Mad, Non-aane, De-
 mented, Deranged, (F.) Aliene, Fou,  Inaenae. One
 affected with mental aberration, or of unsound
 mind.
   INSANIA, Mania—i. Cadiva, Epilepsy—i. Lu-
 pina, Lycanthropia—i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer-
 peral
   INSAN'ITY, Inadnia; from in, privative, and
 tonus, 'sound;' Mental aliena'tion,  Abaliendtio
 »eu Alienatio Mentia, Arrep'tio, Unsound  Mind,
Derange'ment,  Deranged  intellect,  Cra'zinrsa,
Aphros'yne, Ecphro'nia, Ecphros'yni, Paral'lage,
Parallax'is, Delir'ia, Veaa'nia. Delir'ium,(Viieh-
ton,) Ineipien'tia, (F.) Folie, Egarement d'Exprit,
Paraphrenic  This term includes  all the varie-
ties  of  unsound mind, — Mania,  Melancholia,
Moral Insanity, Dementia, and Idiocy.  A slight
degree of insanity is sometimes popularly called
"a kink in  the  head;" in Scotland, " a bee in
the bonnet."
  Insanity, Homicidal, see Homicidal—i. Inco-
herent,  Dementia — i.   Moral,  Pathoinania — i.
Puerperal, Mania, puerperal—i. Senile, Delirium
senile—i. Suicidal, see  Suicide.
  INSANUS, Insane.
  INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate.
  INSCRIPTIO'NES  TENDIN'E^ MUSCU-
LO'RUM, Interaectio'nea seu  Enervatio'nea ten-
din'ea musculo'rum, Interme'dia ligamenta'lia seu
ner'vea.  The tendinous  portions  which  cross    %
several muscles, and especially the straight mus-
cles  of the abdomen.
  INSENESCENTIA, Agerasia.
  INSENSE, Insane.
  INSENSIBIL'ITY,  Anaathe'aia, Inaenaibili-
taa.   Loss or absence  of sensibility.  It is very
common in  cerebral affections, and may extend
to every part,  or be  limited to  one or more,
Some organs are much  more sensible than others.
The bones,  cartilages,  ligaments, &c, are insen-
sible in health, but acutely sensible in disease.
   INSEN'SIBLE,  Senaibilitdte carena.  That
which is devoid  of sensibility.  This word is ap-
plied, also, to phenomena which cease to be  ap-
preciable to the  senses.  Thus, we say, the pulse
becomes inaenaible.
   INSER'TION, Inaer'tio, Symph'yais,  Eno'sia,
from inserere, (in, and aerere, ' to join or knit,')
'to  ingraft'   (F.) Attache.  The attachment of
one  part to another.  Insertions occur chiefly on
bones, cartilages, and fibrous organs; thus, we
speak of the insertion of muscular fibres into a
tendon or aponeurosis; the insertion of a tendon,
aponeurosis, or ligament, into a cartilage or bone.
The word insertion  has likewise  been  used by
pathologists, for the act of inoculating or intro-
ducing a virus into the body.
   INSES'SIO,  from insidere, (in, and aedere,)
' to  sit in.'  This term is, sometimes, applied  to a
vapour bath, the person being seated in a perfo-
rated chair, beneath which  a vessel, filled with
hot water, or the hot decoction of some  plant, is
placed.  See Semicupium.
   INSESSUS, Bath, half.
   INSIDEN'TIA, Epia'taaia.  Any thing which
 swims on or in the urine.  It is  opposed to the
Hypoa'taaia or aubaiden'tia.
   INSIPIENTIA, Insanity.
   INSISIO  CILIORUM, Blepharoplastice.
   INSITIO, Inoculation—i. Dentis, Transplant-
 atio Dentis—i. Variolarum, Inoculation.
   INSOLA'TION, Inaoldtio, from  in,  and sol,
 'the sun;' Aprica'tio, Helio'aia, Hellaais, Helin-
 no'sis, Siri'asi8.  Exposure to the sun.  Exposure
 of a patient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes,
 had recourse to, with the view of rousing  the
 vital forces  when  languishing, or of producing
 irritation of the skin.   Insolation is occasionally
 used in  the same sense as  coup de aoleil.
   In Pharmacy, insolation means the drying of
 chemical and pharmaceutical substances.
   INSOLAZIONE  DE  PRIM I VER A,  Pel-
 lagra.
   INSOM'NIA,  Inaom'nitaa, Sahara, Zaara,
 Pervigilium, Pernoeta'tio, Aijp'nia, Agryp'nia,
 Ahyp'nia, Anyp'nia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep'lessees,
  Vig"ilance, from in, privative, and somnus,'sleep, 
IXSOMNIUM
479
INTEMPERANCE
'absence af sleep.'  This may exist alone, and
constitute a true disease ; or it may be connected
with another affection.  It is an unequivocal sign
of suffering in some organ ; even when the pa-
tient experiences no pain.
  INSOMXIU.M,  Somnium.
  IXSl'ECTE  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me-
dico-legal.
  JNSPIRATEUli, Inspiratory.
  IXSPIRA'TION, Inapirdtio, Empneumato'aia,
Eisp'noe,  Adapirdtio,  Aspirdtio, from in,  'in,'
and apiro, 'I breaHie.'   The action  by which the
air penetrates into the interior of the lungs.  A
movement opposed to that of expiration.  As re-
gards the average quantity of air  received into
the lungs at each inspiration, there  is much dis-
crepancy amongst observers.  The following table
sufficiently exhibits this :—
                                  Cubic inches at
                                  eacti inspiration.
  Reil..........................................42 to  100
  Menzies,
  Sauvages,
  Hales,
  Haller,
  Ellis,          J-.........................40
  Sprengel,
  Scimmering,
  Thomson,
  Bostoek,
  Jurin.............'..........................35 to 38
  Fontana....................................35
  Richerand.................................30 to 40
  Dalton......................................30
  Jeffreys.....................................26
  Herbst.......................................24 to 30
  Ilerholdt....................................20 to 29
  Jurine and Coathupe....................20
  Allen and Pepys.........................16£
  J. Borelli...................................15 to 40
  Goodwyn...................................14
  Sir II. Davy............................... 13 to 17
  Abernethy and  Mojon..................12
  Keutsch....................................  6 to 12

  Inspiration  of Venous Blood. By this  is
meant the aspiration of blood towards  the heart,
occasioned by the approach to a  vacuum  pro-
duced by the dilatation of the thorax during in-
spiration.
  INSPIRATORY.   Same  etymon.   Inapira-
tio'ni inaer'viens, (F.) Inapirateur. A name given
to muscles, which, by their contraction, augment
the size of the chest, and thus  produce inspira-
tion.   The diaphragm and intercostal muscles
are the chief agents of inspiration.  In  cases
where deep inspirations are necessary, the action
of these muscles is aided  by the contraction of
the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subela-
vius, serratus major anticus, scaleni, serratus pos-
ticus  superior, &c.  Most of these muscles be-
come inspiratory, by taking their fixed point  at
the part which they ordinarily move, and elevat-
ing the ribs.
  IXSPISSA'TIO, Pycno'aia, from  in, and spie-
sare, • to thicken.'  The act of rendering thick ;
as in the formation of an extract—Succus Inapia-
sdtus.
  IXSTEP, Collum pedis,  (F.) Coude-pied, Cou
du pied.  The projection at the upper part of the
foot, near its articulation with the leg—the tarsus.
  INSTILLATE, Instillation.
  IXSTILLA'TIONT,  Enstalax'is,  Inatilla'tio,
from in, 'into,' and stilla, 'a drop.'  The act of
pouring a liquid drop by drop.
  INSTINCT. (L.) Instinc'tua, (in, and atinguo, 'I
sting,') ' inwardly moved.'  Bru'tia,  Horme.  The
action of the living principle, whenever manifestly
directing its operations to the health, preservation,
or reproduction of a living frame or any part of
such frame — Mailmen natu'ra aalutdrium.  The
law of instinct is, consequently, the law of the
living principle, and instinctive actions are the
actions of the living principle.  Instinct is natu-
ral.  Reason is acquired.
  INSTIXC'TIVE, lnatinc'tua.  Same etymon.
Relating to  or  caused by instinct; as inatinctive
actions.  See Emotional.  Those instinctive ac-
tions of animals which are owing to impressions
made on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent
motor influences that are  propagated to the va-
rious  muscles  of the  body, are termed consen-
sual.
  INSTITUTES OF  MEDICINE, see Theory
of medicine.
  INSTITUTUM ORTHOP^DICUM,  Ortho-
pedic institution.
  IN'STRUMENT, Inetrumen'tum, Or'ganum. A
tool, an agent
  INSTRUMENTA, Pudibilia,
  INSTRUMEN'TUM CHIRUR'GICUM.  A
surgical tool or instrument.
  Instrumentum Digestionis.   The  digestive
apparatus.
  Instrumentum Instrumentorum, Manus.
  INSUFFICIENCY, from  in, and  sufficient.
Inadequateness to any  end or purpose, — as In-
sufficiency of the valves of the heart; (F.) Insuffi-
sance dea valvules du Cceur;—a condition in which
they are not adapted, as in health, to properly
close the apertures.
  INSUFFISANCE  DES  VALVULES DU
COEUR,  Insufficiency of the valves of the  heart.
  INSUFFLA'TION, Insuffidtio,  from in, sub,
and flare, 'to  blow.'  The act of blowing a gas
or vapour into some cavity of the body; as when
tobacco smoke is injected into the rectum;  or
when air is  blown into the mouths of new-born
children to excite the respiratory functions.
  INSULA, Insula cerebri.
  In'sula Cer'ebri,  laland  or In'eula of Reil.
The intermediate lobe of the  brain, Lobua inter-
me'diua cer'ebri. A remarkable group of convolu-
tions within the fissure of Sylvius.   It  is called,
by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Fiaaure of Sylvius,
Lobule of the  corpus striatum. The 'island' of
Reil,  with the substantia perforata,  forms the
base of the  corpus striatum.
  Insula Sanguinis,  see Blood.
  INSULTUS, Attack, Paroxysm.
  INSURANCE  OF LIFE, see Life Insurance.
  IXTEGRITAS, Sanitas, \rirginity.
  INTEG'UMENT,  Integumen'tum,  Tegumen'-
tum,  Teg'umen, Teg'inien,  Tegmen, Invplu'crura
seu Velamen'tttm corp'oris commu'ne;  Vela'men
seu Velamentum nati'vum, from in and tcgere, 'to
cover.'  (F.) Tegument.  Any  thing which serves
to cover,  to envelop.  The  skin, including the
cuticle, rete  mucosum, and cutis vera is the com-
mon integument or tegument of  the body.
  INTEGUMEN'TA FCETUS. The membranes
surrounding the foetus in utero.
  IN'TELLECT, Intellect us, ATous, Mens, Gnome,
Noos,  Nils,  A'oe'sia, Syn'esis,  from  intelligere,
(inter, 'between,' and lap re,  'to  choose;') 'to
understand,' 'conceive,' 'know.'  (F.)  Entende-
ment, Intelligence.  The aggregate of the  intel-
lectual faculties— perception, formation of ideas
memory, and judgment.
  Intellect, Deranged, Insanity.
  INTELLIGENCE, Intellect.
  IXTEM'PERANCE, Intempcran'tia; Immode-
ran'tia, Immodera'tio, Acrclsia, Acola'sia, Ples'-
mone, Amet'ria, Aples'tia, from in,  'negation,'
and temperare, 'to temper.'  Immoderate use  of
food and drink, especially the latter; —a fruitful
source of  disease. 
INTEMPERIES             4S0              INTERLOBULAR
  INTEMPER'IES.  Same etymon.  Dyacrdaia.
Derangement in  the  constitution  of the atmo-
sphere and of the seasons ; bad constitution ; de-
rangement or disorder  in the humours of the
body.
  INTEXS1VUS, Entaticos.
  INTENTION, Inten'tio, from in, and tendere,
' to stretch.'  Propoe'itum.    The object which
one proposes. In surgery, a wound is  said to heal
by the first intention, Reu'nio per primam inten-
tio'nem, when cicatrization occurs without suppu-
ration ; union by the second intention, Reu'nio per
secun'dam intentio'nem,  being that,  which does
not occur  until the  surfaces have  suppurated.
To obtain union by the first intention, the edges
of a recent wound must be brought in apposition
and kept together by  means of adhesive plasters
and a proper bandage.  Delpech has substituted
for those expressions, Reunion primitive, and Re-
union secondaire.
   INTERANEA, Entrails.
   INTERARTIC'ULAR,Interarticula'ris. Parts
situate between the articulations  are so called;
as interarticular cartilages,  inter articular liga-
ments,  &c.
   IXTERCA'DENCE,   Intercadeil tia,  Interci-
den'tia, from inter, 'between,'  and  cadere,  'to
fall.'   Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so that,
every now and  then, a  supernumerary pulsation
occurs.  The pulse,  in such case, is said to  be
intercurrent.
   INTER'CALARY, Intercala'ris,  Inter'cidens,
from intercalare, ' to insert'  Embol'imos, Inter-
poldtus, Provocato'riit8.  The days which occur
between those that are critical.  The term has,
also,  been applied to  the days of apyrexia in in-
termittent fevers.
   IXTERCEL'LULAR PAS'SAGES.  A term
given by Mr. Rainey to irregular passages through
the substance of the lung, which form the termi-
nations of the bronchial tubes, are clustered with
air-cells, and not lined  by mucous membrane.
   Intercellular Substance, see Cytoblastema.
   INTERCEP'TIO,  from inter, 'between,' and
capere, ' to  take.'  A  bandage, by the aid  of
which  the ancients proposed to arrest the pro-
gress of  the  material  cause  of gout and rheu-
 matism ;  and  which consisted  in covering the
 affected limbs  with  carded  wool;  surrounding
them, afterwards, with broad bandages,  applied
 from the fingers  to the axilla, or from the toes
 to the groin.
   Interceptio Intestinorum, Heus.
   INTERCERVICAUN, Interspinales colli.
   INTERCIDENS,  Intercalary.
   INTERCIDENTIA, Intercadence.
   INTERCILIUM, Mesophryon.
   IN T E R C L AV I C'U L A R, Interclaviculdvia,
 from inter, 'between,' and clavicula, 'a clavicle.'
 That which is placed between the clavicles.
   Interclavicular Lig'ament is a fibrous bun-
 dle,  placed transversely above  the  extremity of
 the sternum, between the heads of the  two clavi-
 cles.  This  ligament is  flat.   Its fibres, which
 are always longer above than below, are sepa-
 rated by  small  apertures, which are traversed by
 vessels.  It prevents the separation of the two
 clavicles  in the forced depression of the shoulder.
   INTERCOSTAL,  Intercoata'lia,  from inter,
 'between,' and costa, 'a rib.'  Meaopleu'rua, Me-
 aopleilrina.  That which is situate between  the
 ribs.   (F.) Siius-costal.
   IntercostalAr'teriesvaryin number. There
 is constantly, however, a supe'rior, Arte'ria In-
 tercostdlis supe'rior vel Intercosta'lis aubcla'via,
 which is given off from the posterior part of the
 subclavian,  and which  sends branches into  the
 first two or three  intercostal spaces; and, gene-
rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic intercostala.
These arise from  the lateral and posterior parts
of the pectoral aorta, and  ascend obliquely in
front of the vertebral column, to gain the inter-
costal spaces, where they divide into a dorsal
branch and an intercostal, properly so called,
  Intercostal Muscles are  distinguished into
internal, — inter-jderrocostatix of  Dumas, — and
external.  The former are inserted into the inner
lip, the latter into the outer lip of the edge of tho
ribs.   The fibres of the external intercostala are
directed obliquely downwards and forwards: and
those of the internal downwards and backwards.
Both are  inspiratory or expiratory muscles, ac-
cording as they take their origin on the upper or
lower rib.   Some  small, fleshy fibres, seen  occa-
sionally at the inner surface of the thorax, de-
scending obliquely from one rib  to another, have
been called Infracoatale8.
   Intercostal Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve.
   Intercostal  Nerves, Branchea aouacoatalea
(Ch.), Coatal  or Doraal nerves, proceed from the
anterior branches  of the dorsal  nerves.  They
are  twelve  in number,  and  are  distributed espe-
cially to the muscles of the parietes of the chest
and abdomen.
   Intercostal  Space,  Interval'lum seu Inter-
stil'ium intercosta'le, Mesopleu'rum, Meaopleu'-
rium, is the interval which separates one rib from
that immediately  above or below it
   Intercostal Veins  are distinguished like the
arteries.  The right superior intercostal vein  is
often wanting.  When it exists, it opens into the
back part of the subclavian.  The same vein of
the left side is very large. It communicates with
the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein,
and  opens  into  the corresponding  subclavian.
The right inferior intercostal veins open  into the
vena azygos; and those of the left into the demi-
azygos.  .
   INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL NERVES.  So
called from their  origin and distribution.  They
are the cutaneous branches of the second and
third intercostal nerves.
   INTERCUR'RENT, Intercur''rens, from inter,
 ' between,'  and  currere, ' to run.'  Diseases are
 so called which supervene at different seasons of
 the year, or which cannot  be considered as be-
 longing to any particular  season. — Sydenham.
 A disease  is likewise so termed which occurs  in
 the  course of another  disease, as Intercurrent
 Pneumonia.
   INTERCUTANEUS, Subcutaneous.  '
   INTERDEN'TIUM, from inter,1 between,' and
 dens, ' a  tooth.'   The interval  between teeth of
 the same order. — Linden.
   INTERDIGITAIRE, Interdigital.
   INTERDIG"ITAL,  Interdigitdlia, (F.) Inter-
 digitaire, same etymon as the next.  That which
 relates to the spaces between the fingers.  Liter-
 digital apace, (F.) Eapace interdigitaire, is used,
 also, for the commissure between the fingers.
   INTERDIGFT'IUM, from  inter,  'between,'
 and digitua,  ' a  finger.'  A corn or wart, which
 grows between the fingers and  toes, especially
 between the latter. — Pliny.
    INTEREPINEUX CERVICAUX, Interspi-
 nales colli.
    INTERFINIUM NARIUM, Septum narium.
    ENTERFCEMINEUM, Perinaeum, Vulva.
    INTERFORAMINEUM, Perinaeum.
    INTERGANGLIONTC,  Interganglionicus,
 from inter, 'between,' and gang/ion, 'a knot.' An
 epithet for nervous cords,  placed between gan-
 glia, which they  connect together.
    INTERITUS, Death.
    INTERLOBULAR, Interlobuldris, from inter, 
INTERMAXILLARY           481             INTEROSSEOUS
'between,'  and  lobulus,  'a small  lobe.'   That
which is between lobes, — as of the lungs.
  Interlobular Fissure.  The interval between
the lobules of the liver.  See Liver.
  Interlobular Plexus op the Biliary Ducts.
See Liver.
  Interlobular Spaces.   The  angular inter-
stices formed in the liver by the apposition of
several  lobules.
  Interlobular Tissue, Textum interlobuldre,
Ligamen'la interlobuldria pulmo'num.   The cel-
lular tisMie between  the pulmonary lobules.
  Interlobular Veins, see Liver.
  INTERMAXILLARY, Intermaxilla'ris, from
inter, ' between,' and maxilla,  ' a jaw.'   That
which is situate  between the maxillary bones.
  Intermaxillary  Bone, Incisive, Palatine, or
Labial bone, is a bony portion, wedged in between
the two superior maxillary bones, which supports
the upper  incisors.  This bone is  found  in the
mammalia; and, also, in the human foetus.
  1NTERMEDE, Excipient
  INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTALIA seu NER-
VEA, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.
  INTERMEDIAIRE DE WRISBERG, Por-
tio  AVrisbergii.
  INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,
Capillary system.
  INTERMENT, PREMATURE,  Zoothapsis.
  INTERMIS'SION,  Intermis'sio,  Dialeip'sis,
Dialip' sis,  Tempus intercala're, Interval Ium, from
inter, 'between,' and mittere,  'to put or send.'
(F.) Intermittence.   The interval which  occurs
between two paroxysms of an intermittent or
other disease—during which the patient is almost
in  his  natural state.  There is said to be inter-
mission of the pulse, when, in a given number of
pulsations, one or more may be wanting.
  INTERMITTENCE, Intermission.
   INTERMITTENT, Intermit'tens.  Same ety-
mon.   That which has intermissions.
  Intermittent Fever, Febris intermit'tens, Di-
alcip'yra, Intermittens, An'etus,  Pyretolypo'sis,
Ague, Ague and  Fever, Fever and Ague, Palu'dal
Fever, Periodic Fever, (F.) Fievre intermittente,
F. d'Acces, F. des marais, F. Periodique, is a fever
consisting  of paroxysms, with a complete state
of apyrexia in the  intervals.   The chief types
are the Quotidian,  Tertian, and Quartan.  The
symptoms of intermittents are those of a decided
and completely  marked cold stage:  (F.) Stade de
froid,   attended with paleness; collapse; im-
paired  sensibility ;   and coldness,  more or less
diffused, followed by general rigors.  After this
occurs  the hot stage; Stade de la  Chaleur, the
heat returning partially and irregularly, and at
length becoming universal, and much above the
stindard of health.   The pulse is now hard and
strong; tongue white; urine high-coloured; thirst
considerable.  At length, the sweating stage, (F.)
Stade de Sueur,  makes its appearance; the mois-
ture usually beginning on the forehead, face, and
neck, and  soon  extending universally; the heat
abating; thirst ceasing; the  urine throwing down
a sediment, and  the functions being gradually re-
stored to their wonted state.  The tertian type is
the most common, and the quartan the most se-
vere.   Tho quotidian more readily  changes into
a remittent and continued fever.   The quartan
has, generally, the longest cold stage, the tertian
the longest hot.  The chief exciting cause is marsh
miasmata.  Ague, also, occurs in districts where
there are no marshy emanations.   Such districts
arc, generally, of a  volcanic nature;  farther we
know not  AVhen the disease has once attacked
an individual, it is  apt to recur.  The prognosis
      31
is, in  general, favourable, as far as regards life;
but long protracted intermittents  are apt to in-
duce  visceral  obstructions  and  engorgements,
which  may end  in dropsy.  In some countries,
the disease is of a very pernicious character. The
indications of treatment are, 1. To  abate the vio-
lence  of the paroxysm; and,  2. To  prevent  its
return.   The first indication requires the adop-
tion of the general principles  and remedies re-
quired in ordinary fever. The second is the most
important.   The  period of apyrexia is  that for
action.   The means for fulfilling this indication
are:—the  use Of emetics, purgatives, cinchona,
quinia, &c., arsenic, and forcible impressions made
on the mind of the patient.
  INTERMUSCULAR, Intermusculdris,  from
inter,  'between,' and musculus, 'a muscle.'  That
which is placed between muscles.
  Intermuscular  Aponeuroses are  aponeu-
rotic laminae or septa, situate between muscles,
to which they often give attachment.
  INTER'NAL, Inner,  Inter'nus.   That which is
placed on  the inside.   This epithet  is given to
parts  that  look  towards an imaginary  central
plane, which divides the body into  two equal and
symmetrical portions, as well as to those which
correspond with a cavity.  Thus, we say—the in-
ner surface of the arm or thigh—the inner surface
of the skull, &c.
  Internal Diseases,  Morbi inter'ni, are those
which occupy the inner parts of the body.  Their
investigation belongs  to the physician ;  external
diseases  falling  under  the  management of the
surgeon.
  INTERNA T.  The post or office of an interne.
  INTERNE, see House-Surgeon.
  INTERNODIA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
langes of the fingers — i. Digitorum  pedis, Pha-
langes of the toes.
  INTERNO'DIUM,  Mesagon'ium,  from infer,
'between,'  and nodus, 'a knot'   The part of the
fingers between the joints.   A phalanx.
  INTERX'UN'CIAL, Internuncio'lie, from inter,
'between,'  and nunciit8, 'a messenger.' Relating
or belonging to a messenger between parties.   A
term  applied  by Mr. Hunter to the function of
the nervous system.
   INTERN UN Til DIES, Critical days.
  INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani—i. Mal-
lei, Tensor tympani.
  INTEROS'SEI PEDIS,Metatarso-phalrtngien-
latSral, (Ch.)  The number,  arrangement, shape,
and uses of these are the same as in the case of
the preceding muscles. Four are dorsal, and1
three  plantar: six belong to the three middle toes
and one  to the little toe. The great toe is devoid<
of them. As in the hand, they are  distinguished,
in each toe, into abductor and adductor.
  INTERROS'SEOUS, Inferos'sens.  That which
is situate between  the bones; from inter, ' be*.
tween,' and os, ' a bone.'
  Interosseous  Ar'teries  of the Forearm
and Hand.  Of  these there are several.  1. The.
common interosseous artery arises from the poste-
rior part of the ulnar, a little below the  bicipital,
tuberosity of the radius; passes backwards and
divides into two branches:  the one  called mire--
ripr interosseous descends  vertically, anterior to
the interosseous  ligament; the other, called pos--
terior  interosseous, passes above that ligament,
appears at its posterior part  and divides into two
great branches, — the posterior recurrent radial
and the posterior interosseous, properly so called.
In the hand, — 1. The dorsal metacarpal interos-
seous  arteries are given  off by the dorsalis carpi,
a division of the radial artery.  2. The Palmar
interrosseous arteries,  which arise  from the con-
vexity of the deep palmar arch, and  give <>ff th» 
INTEROSSEUX             482        INTERTRANSVERSALIS
 middle interosseous arteries. 3. The dorsal inter-
 osseous of the index, proceeding directly from the
 radial artery.   In the foot, are distinguished : —
 1. The dorsal interosseoua arteries, three in num-
 ber, which arise from the artery of the metatar-
 sus, a, branch of the dorsalis tarsi.  2. The plantar
 interosseous arteries,  which are,  also, three in
 number, and arise from the plantar arch.
   Interosseous Lig'aments.   Ligaments seated
 between  certain bones, which  they unite; such
 are the ligaments between the  radius  and ulna,
 and between the tibia and fibula.
   Interosseous  Muscles.  These occupy  the
 spaces between the bones of the metacarpus and
 metatarsus ; and, consequently, belong,-—some to
 the hand, others to the foot
   Interosseous Nerve is a branch, given off by
 the median nerve, which descends before the in-
 terosseous ligament, accompanying the artery of
 the same name.
   Interosseous Veins have the  same arrange-
 ment as the arteries.
   Interosseus  Manus, (F.) Muscle interoaaeux
 de la  main.—Metacarpo-phalangien-lateral  sus-
 pdlmaire et mctacarpo-phalangicn lateral, (Ch.)
 These muscles are seven in number; two for each
 of the three middle fingers, and one for the little
 finger.  Four are situate on the  back of the hand,
 and three only in the palm.  They are inserted
 into the metacarpal bones, and send a  tendon to
 the tendon of the  extensor communis.   Accord-
 ing to their office, they are, to each finger, an ad-
 ductor and an abductor.   The index has a dorsal
 abductor and a palmar one.  The  middle finger
 has two dorsal muscles  for adductor and abduc-
 tor; the ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a
 palmar abductor;  and the little finger has only
 one  interosseous  abductor,  which  is palmar.
 These muscles  produce abduction and  adduction
 of the fingers, which they can also extend, owing
 to their connexion with the extensor tendons.
   Interosseus Secundus, Prior medii  digiti — i.
 Quartus, Prior annularis.
   INTEROSSEUX DE LA MAIN, Interosseus
 mantis.
   INTERPARIETAL BONE, Oa Interparie-
 ta'le.   A bone found in the skulls of the children
 of the Peruvian races.   It lies in the situation
 of the upper angle of the occipital bone, where
 the parietal bones separate from each other;  and
 is the  analogue of the interparietal bone  of  ru-
 minants and carnivora.—Tschudi.
   INTERPELLATES, (Morbua,)  from interpel-
 lo, ' I  interrupt'   A  term, by which Paracelsus
 designated those diseases  whose progress is une-
 qual, and paroxysms irregular.
  INTERPLEVRO-COSTA  UX, Intercostal
 muscles.
  INTERPOLATES, Intercalary.
  INTERRUPTIO MENSTRUATIONIS, Ame-
 norrhoea.
  INTERSCAPULAR,  Interacapuldria, (inter,
 and acapnia.)  That whieh is between the shoul-
 ders ; as the interscapular region.  The interscap-
 ular cavities, Cavita'tea  interscapnldres, are  the
 depressions between the scapulae and the spinous
 processes of the vertebrae.
  INTERSCAPU'LIUM.   The spine  of the
 scapula.
  INTERSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection.
  INTERSECTION, Interaec'tio,Diac'ope, from
inter,   ' between,' and «eco, ' I  cut'  The point
 where  two lines meet and cut each other.  The
name aponeurotic intersection is given  to fibrous
bands,  whieh  certain muscles  present in their
length, and by which  they seem interrupted.
Aponeurotic intersections  are found in the recti
 muscles of the abdomen ; \n the semi-membrano
 bus, complexus, sterno-thvroideus, Ac.
   IXTERSECTENES TENDINE.E  MUSCU-
 LORUM, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.
   INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi-
 astinum.
   INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALLY PACCHI-
 ONI, Tentorium.
   INTERSEPTUM, from inter, 'between,' and
 septum, 'a partition.'   Cion, xiwv.  The uvula;
 also, the septum narium.  The diaphragm.
   Interseptum Narium, Septum narium—i.A'ir-
 ginale, Hymen.
   INTERSPINAL,  Interspindlis, from  inter,
 ' between,' and spina, ' the spine.'  That which is
 seated between the spinous processes.
   Interspinal Lig'ament, Membra'na interspi-
 na'lis, (F.) Lujamentinterepincux.  These occupy
 the intervals between the spinous processes in the
 back and loins.  In the neck, they are replaced
 by the muscles of the same name.  They prevent
 the too great flexion of the  spine, and keep the
 spinous processes in situ.
   INTERSPINA'LES  COLLI,  Spindles  Colli
 mino'res,  Spina1ti, (F.)  Interipineux-cervicaax,
 Intercervicaux, (Ch.)  These are  twelve in num-
 ber, and occupy, in two parallel  rows, the  inter-
 vals between the spinous processes of the cervical
 vertebrae, from that of the  atlas and  vertebra
 dentata, to that between the last cervical and first
 dorsal vertebrae.   They are  flat, thin, and  quad-
 rilateral.  These muscles contribute to the exten-
 sion of the neck and to throwing the head  back-
 wards.
   Interspinales  Dorsi  et Lumbo'rum;  por-
 tions of the Transversaire-epineux of Boyer, and
 the sacrospinal of Chaussier.  These muscles are
 of two kinds.   The one (Muscle  grand ipineux
 du dos, of Winslow) representing fleshy bundles
 of different lengths, applied upon  the lateral sur-
 faces of the  spinous processes,  from   the  third
 dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar.  The other
 (Muscle petit ipineux du dos, Winslow) covered
 by the preceding.  They are situate on  each side
 of the interspinal ligament, in the form of small,
 short flat bundles, which pass from one spinous
 process  to the  second, third  or fourth  above it.
 These muscles aid in extending the vertebral co-
 lumn ; and incline it a little to  one side,  when
 they act on one side only.
   INTERSTICE, Inter stit" ium, Arao'ma, from
 inter, 'between,' and eto, 'I stand.'  Diaste'ma,
 Interval htm.   Anatomists have given this  name
 to the intervals between organs.   The iliac crest,
 criata ilii, for example, has  two Upa and an in-
 terstice  between them, which affords attachment
 to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen.
   Interstice, Pore.
   INTERSTIT"IAL, Interatitidlis,  same  ety-
 mon. Applied to that which occurs in the  inter-
 stices of an organ, — as ' interatitiul absorption,'
 ' interstitial pregnancy,' &c.
   INTERSTITIUM, Interstice—i. Ciliare,  Cili-
 ary ligament—i. Intercostale, Intercostal space—
 i. Jugulare, Throat,
   INTERTINCTUS, Discreet.
  INTER TRACHEL1ENS, Intertransversalea
 colli.
  INTERTRANSVERSAIRES DES
 LOMBES, Intertransversales lumborum.
  INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS, Intertransrersd-
rius.  That which is placed  between the trans-
verse process of the vertebrae
  Intertransversales Colli,  (F.) Intertrans-
versaires cervicaux, Intertracheiiens, (Ch.) These
are small, muscular bundles; quadrilateral; thin
and  flat;  situate, in pairs, in the intervals be-
tween the transverse processes of the neck, ex- 
INTERTRIGO               483               INTRINSIC
oept between the first and second, where there is
only one.   They are distinguished into anterior
and poaterior.   The former are six in number; the
latter five.  These  muscles  bring the transverse
processes  of the neck nearer each other, and con-
tribute to  the lateral flexion of the neck.
  Intertransversales Lumbo'rum, Musculi in-
tertransrersi lumbo'rum, (F.) Intertrctnsversaircs
des loiube8.  These are almost entirely fleshy, and
ten in number; five on each side.  They are si-
milar to tho preceding in general arrangement;
except that they are more marked, and not placed
in two rows. Each intertransverse space contains
only one.  They are quadrilateral, and flat  The
first occupies the space  between the transverse
processes  of the first lumbar and the  last dorsal
vertebra;  and  the  last is  between that  of the
fourth and  fifth  lumbar vertebrae. These mus-
cles  incline the  lumbar regions laterally; and
straighten it when inclined to  one side.
  INTERTRIGO, Chafing—i.  Podicis, Chafing.
  INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid.
  INTERA'ALLUM, Intermission, Interstice—i.
Intercostale, Intercostal space.
  IXTERVENIU M, Mesophlebium.
  INTERVERTEBRAL, Intervertebra'lia, (in-
ter, and vertebra.) That whieh is situate between
the vertebrae.
  Intervertebral  Car'tilages,  Intervertebral
fibro-cartilagea, Intervertebral diacs, Ligamen'ta
intervertebra'lia. These organs are  of a fibro-
cartilaginous  nature;   sections of a cylinder;
flexible; whitish; resisting; and situate between
the bodies of the vertebra1,—from the  space be-
tween the second and third as  far as that be-
tween the last vertebra and sacrum. Their form
is accommodated to that of  the vertebra with
which they are  in  connexion; so that,  in the
neck and  loins, they are oval, whilst in  the dorsal
region they are nearly circular.
  Intervertebral  Discs,  Intervertebral carti-
lages — I. fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral  carti-
lages.
  1NTESTABILIS, Castratus.
  INTESTATES, Castratus.
  INTESTIN, Intestine.
  INTESTIXTAL, Inteatina'lia, from intua, 'with-
in.'   That which belongs to the intestines,— as
intestinal  canal, &c.  Bordeu uses the term Pouls
intestinal  for a pulse, which he conceived to an-
nounce an approaching crisis by the intestines.
  Intestinal Juice, iuccus entericus.
  Intestinal Tube or Tract, Cana'lis seu Trac-
tns intestino'rum.  The canal  formed by the in-
testines from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to
the anus.
  INTESTINE, Inteatlnum,  En'teron,  Chorda,
Gut,  Neilyia (pi.),  Pan'ticea  (pi.), Boel'li  (pi.),
Bowel, (F.) Inteatin,  Boyau.   A  musculo-mem-
branous canal, variously convoluted, which ex-
tends from the stomach to the anus, and is situate
in  the abdominal cavity;  the greater  part of
which it fills.   In man, its length is six or eight
times that of the body.  It is divided into two
principal portions, called small intestine and large
intestine.  The former, Intestlnuin ten'ue, I.grac'-
i/e, (F.) Intestin grele, constituting nearly  four-
fifths of the whole length, begins at the stomach
and terminates in  the right iliac region.   It is
divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Some
anatomists give the  name small intestine to the
last  two  only;  which  are kept in place by the
mesentery, and form a large  paquet,  occupying
tho umbilical and hypogastric regions, a part of
the flanks, of the iliac regions, and of the cavity
of the pelvis.   It is composed of, 1. A serous
membrane, which is peritoneal.  2. Of a muscu-
lar coat  whose fibres  are very pale, and are
placed,  in part, longitudinally; but  the  greater
part transversely.  3. Of a whitish, mucous mem-
brane;  villous, and forming folds or valves —
valvula conniventes — at its  inner surface,  and
furnished  with a  considerable number  of  mu-
cous  follicles,  called   glands  of  Lieberkiihn,
(Crypts or Follicles of  Lieberkiihn,) and Brun-
ner, and,  with those  of  Peyer.  The  arte-
ries of the small intestine proceed from the su-
perior mesenteric;  its veins open  into the vena
porta.   Its nerves  proceed from the superior me-
senteric plexus.  The large intestine, Inteatlnum
cra8sum, Megaloea'lia, (F.) Gros intestin,  forms a
sequence to the small.   It is much shorter, and
is solidly attached  in the regions of the abdomen
which it occupies.   It begins in  the right  iliac
region; ascends along  the right  flank,  till be-
neath the liver, when it crosses  the  upper  part
of the abdomen, descends into the left iliac fossa,
and plunges  into  the pelvic cavity,  to gain  the
anus.  The great intestine is usually  divided into
three portions,—the cacum, colon and rectum. It
receives its arteries from the superior and infe-
rior mesenteries.'   Its veins open  into the vena
porta.   Its nerves  are furnished by the mesente-
ric  plexuses.  Its  lymphatic vessels, which are
much less numerous than those of the small in-
testine,  pass into the ganglions or glands seated
between the  different reflections  of the perito-
neum,  which  fix it to  the  abdominal parietes.
The use of the intestines is,—in  the  upper part,
to effect the chylification of the food  and the ab-
sorption of the chyle ;—in the lower, to serve as
a reservoir, where the excrementitious portion of
the food collects j and, also, as an excretory duct,
which effects its expulsion.
  INTESTINORUM LA3VITAS, Lientery.
  INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Anfractuosities
(cerebral)—i. Meibomii, Meibomius, glands of.
  INTESTINULUM, Funiculus umbilicalis.
  INTESTINUM   CELLULATUM, Colon— i.
Circumvolutum, Ileon — i. Crassum, Colon, see
Intestine — i.  Gracile, see Intestine — i. Grande,
Colon — i. Laxum, Colon—i. Majus, Colon — i.
Medium, Mesentery—i. Plenum,  Colon—i. Rec-
tum, Rectum—i. Tenue, see Intestine.
  INTIMUM UNGUIS. Nail, root of the.
  INTONATIO  INTESTINALIS, Borboryg-
mus.
  INTORSIO, Distorsion.
  INTOXICATE, Poisoning—i. Arsenicalis, Kr-
senicismus—i. Opiaca, Meconismus—i. Saturnma,
Saturnismus.
  INTOXICATION, Poisoning, Temulentia— i.
des Marais, see Miasm.
  INTONICA TION SA TURNINE.  Lead p ji-
soning;  saturnine  cachexy.  The aggregate of
symptoms which present  themselves prior to an
attack of lead colic. — Tanquerel  des Planches.
  1NTRALINGUAL   SALIVARY  GLANDS,
see Salivary glands.
  IXTRALOB'ULAR, Intralobula'ris ; from in-
fra, 'within,' and  lobulus,  'a lobule.'  Relating
to the space within a lobule :—as the  " intralobu-
lar veins," vena seu ven'ula intralobula'res  seu
centrdles, of the liver: — veins which communi-
cate with  the interlobular veins, and are the ra-
dicles of the hepatic veins.
  INTRA-PELVIO TROCHANTERIEN, Ob-
turator  internus.
  IXTRA-UTERINE, Intraiiterlnns; from in-
tra, 'within,'  and uterus,  'the  womb.'   That
which takes place within the womb — as 'intra-
uterine life.'
  IXTRICATURA. Decussation.
  INTRIN'SIC, Iiitrin'secua; from intra, 'with-
in,' and aecua, ' towards.' Applied  to  the internal
muscles of certain  organs;  as those of *he  ear, 
INTROITUS                484                 IODINE
tongue, and larynx.  Linnaeus gave the name
Intrin'aeci to internal diseases.
  INTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis—i. Vaginae,
Rima vulvae.
  IXTROMIS'SION, Intromit'sio;  from intro,
'within,' and mitto, T send.'  The act of intro-
ducing one body into another, as Intromisaio Pe-
nis, (F.) Intromission de la Verge.
  INTROSUSCEPTIO,  Intussusceptio — i. En-
tropium, Entropion.
  1NTUBUM,  Cichorium endivia—i. Erraticum,
Cichorium intybus.
  IXTUAIES'CEXCE, Intumescen'tia, Onco'sis,
Dionco'sis, from intumescere, (in, and tumescere,)
' to swell.'   Augmentation of size  in a part or in
the whole of the body.  Sauvages  uses the word
Intumescen'tia  for an order of  diseases, in which
he  comprehends polysarcia, pneumatosis, ana-
sarca, oedema,  physconia, and pregnancy.
  INTUMESCENTIA GANGLIFORMIS, Gan-
glion of Gasser, see Facial nerve—i. Lactea Mam-
marutn,  Sparganosis — i. Lienis, Splenoncus—i.
Semilunaris, Ganglion of  Gasser.
  INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis-

  INTUSSUSCEPTIO,  from  intua, 'within,'
and auacipio,   ' I receive.'  Introauacep'tio.  In
 physiology ; — the mode  of increase  peculiar to
 organized bodies.  In pathology, like Convolvu-
 lus, Volvulus intestino'rum, Suscep'tio intestino'-
rum, Chordap'aua, Enteroparisago'ge, Pariaago'ge
intestino' rum, Indigittltio, Tormen'tum, and In va-
gina'tio, it means the introduction of one part of
 the intestinal canal into another, which serves it
 as  a sort of vagina or sheath. . Generally, it is
 the upper part of the small intestine, which is re-
 ceived into the lower, when the intussusception
 is said to be progrea'sive.  At times, however, it
 is  ret'rograde.  As the disease  cannot be posi-
 tively detected by  the  symptoms,  it must be
 treated  upon general principles.  At times, the
 invaginated portion has separated and been
 voided per  anum, — the patient recovering.  The
 disease is, however, of a very dangerous character.
   INTYBUM, Cichorium endivia.
   INTYBUS  HORTENSIS, Cichorium  endivia.
   INULA, see Inula helenium — i. Britannica,
 I. dysenterica — i. Common, I. helenium — i. Co-
 nyzaea, I. dysenterica.
   In'ula Dysenter'ica.  The systematic name
 of the Leaaer Inula, I. Britan'nica seu Conyza'a,
 Aster dyscnter'icus  seu  undula'tits, Pulica'ria
 dysenter'ica, Cony'za, C. media, Ar'nica Sueden'-
 sis, Ar'nica spu'ria,  Cuni'la mas'cttla seu me'dia,
  Cnnildgo, (F.) A«nee antidysenterique, Herbe de
 Saint Roch.  Nat. Ord. Composite.  This plant
 was  once considered to possess great antidysen-
 teric virtues.   The whole plant is acrid and some-
 what aromatic.
   Inula IIelen'ium.  The systematic name of
 the Elecampane, En'ula, E. campa'na, Eleii'ium,
 Ned a'rium, Helinium, Aster helen'ium seu offici-
 na'lis, Corrisar'tia helen'ium, Common Inula, (F.)
 Annie.  The root In'ula (Ph. U. S.) was formerly
 in  high esteem in dyspepsia, cachexia, pulmonary
 affections, <fee.  It is now scarcely used.
   Inula Lesser, Inula dysenterica — i. Squar-
 rosa,  Convza squarrosa.
   IXUXCTIO, Inunction, Liniment.
   INUNCTION,  Inunc'tio, Perunc'tio, Illil'io,
  fill tus, IUinil'io, Oblinil'io, Chriaia, Catach'ri-
 iis, Diach'riaia, Epidlriaia,  Unctio.   An oint-
  ment or a liniment.  Also, the act of rubbing in;
 unction, (F.) Onction.
   INUNDATE, Depuration.
    INUSTIO.  Cauterization, Cauterium.
    INUSTORIUAI.  Cauterium.
    INVAG'TNATED. Invagindtua,  from in, and
vagina, 'a sheath.'  Applied to a part  which il
received into another, as into a sheath.
  The invaginated or slit and tail bandage is ono
in which strips or tails pass through appropriate
slits or button-holes.
  INA'AGINATIO, Intussusceptio.
  INArALETUDO, Infirmity.
  INVALID, Valetudinary.
  INVALIDUS, Valetudinary.
  INArASIO, Arche, Attack, Paroxysm.
  INVERMINATION, Helminthiasis.
  INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion—i.
Uteri, Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of the.
  INVERSION  DE LA MATRICE, Uterus,
inversion of the.
  INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids.
  INVESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA-
LIS,  see Funiculis umbilicalis.
  INVETERATUS, Chronic.
  INVISCANTIA, Incrassantia.
  INVISCATIO OC'ULI.  A morbid adhesion
of the eyelids to each other, or to the globe of the
eye.   Also,  gluing together of the eyelids  by a
viscid secretion.
  INAELU'CRUM, Involumen'turn, from invol-
vere,  'to fold in.'   A covering; hence Inroln'cra
cer'ebri, the membranes of the brain.  Involu'cra
nervo'rum, the sheaths of the nerves.
  Involucrum Cordis, Pericardium—i. Corporis
commune, Integument—i. Linguae, see Tongue—
i. Membranaceum, Decidua reflexa—i. Nervorum,
Neurilema—i. Reti comparatum, Retina.
  INVOLUMENTUM, Involucrum.
  INVOLVENTIA, Demulcents.
  IODE, Iodine.
  IODES, ^Eruginous.
  IODETUM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri
iodidum rubrum.
  IODHYDRARGYRITE  DE  CHLORURE
MERCUREUX, Mercury, iodide of chloride of.
  IODIC, lod'icua, (F.) Iodique.  Same etymon
as Iodine.   Containing iodine.
  IODIDUM   HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI,
Mercury, iodide  of chloride of—i. Hydrargyri-
cum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum ■— i. Hydrar-
gyrosum, Hydrargyri iodidum.
  I'ODINE, lo'tlina, lo'dinum,  Iodin'ium, lo'-
dum, Io'dium, lo'nium, lo'nuin, (F.) lode; from
twbns, viola'ceua, ' of a violet colour,' so called
from the violet flavour it exhales when volatil-
ized.  It is contained in  the  mother  waters of
certain fuci, and is obtained by pouring an excess
of concentrated sulphuric acid on the  water  ob-
tained  by burning different fuci, lixiviating  the
ashes and concentrating the  liquor.   The mix-
ture  is placed in  a retort to which a receiver is
attached, and is boiled.   The iodine passes over
and  is condensed.  It is solid, in the form of
plates;  of  a bluish  gray colour, of a  metallic
brightness,  and smell similar to that of the chlo-
ride  of sulphur.  Its s. g. is 4.946.  When heated,
it becomes volatilized,  and  affords the vapour
 which characterizes it.   AVith oxygen it  forma
 Iodic acid,  and with hydrogen Hydriodic  acid.
 The  tincture of iodine and the iodides have been
 employed with great success  in the treatment of
 goitre and of some scrofulous  affections.  It must
 be administered in a very small dose  and for a
 long period.  It is said  to be apt, however, to
 induce cholera morbus,  signs of great nervous
 irritability,  and  emaciation   of  the   mammae.
 When these symptoms, collectively termed  I'o-
 diam, lodo'sia, and lodin'ia, are urgent, the dose
 may be diminished, or  it may be wholly discon-
 tinued, and afterwards resumed. 
IODOGNOSIS
485
IRIS
  Various preparations of iron  are  employed in
medicine.
  EDpONO'SIS, (F.) lodognoaie; from iodine,
and yvwais, 'knowledge.'  A knowledge of iodine
in its \arious relations.—Dorvault
  IOP1NIA, see Iodine.
  IOIHNIUM, Iodine.
  IODI NUM, Iodine.
  IODIQUE, Iodic.
  IODISA1, see  Iodine.
  IODICM, Iodine.
  I'ODOFORM, lodofor'mnm, (F.) Iodoforme, so
called from its analogy to chloroform.  It is ob-
tained by the reaction  on each other of iodine,
bicarbonate of potassa, water, and alcohol.   It is
in crystalline plates, of a beautiful citrine colour;
and may be given in the same cases as the other
preparations of  iodine.  Dose, one grain three
times a day.  It is the sesqui-oxide of carbon.
See Carbonis sesqui-iodidum.
   lOUOlIYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM,
6eo Iodine.
   IODOSIS, see Iodine.
   IODUM. Iodine.
   10DURE PLOMRIQUE, Plumbi iodidum.
   IODURETUM AMMONLE,  see Iodine —i.
Amyli, see  Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum, Hydrar-
gyri  iodidum—i. Sulphuris, see Iodine.
   IODYMUS, Dicephalus.
   ION. Ariola.
   IONIA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
   IONID'IUM  MARCUCCI,  Cinchunchnlli — v.
 South  American  plant.  Sex.  Syat. Pentandria
 Monogynia; Nat, Ord. Violariae; said to be ex-
 tremely efficacious in  the Mal de San Lazaro of
 Colombia.
   IONIUM. Iodine.
   IONTA, see Excretion.
   IONTHUS,  P*ari<«,  Violet Eruption, from tov,
 ' the violet,' and avdus, ' a flower,' or ovdos, ' foul-
 ness.'   An  unsuppurative, tubercular tumour;
 stationary;  chiefly on the face.  A genus in the
 class Hamatica, order Phlogotica of Good.
   Ionthus Corymbifer, Gutta rosea—i. A'arus,
  Acne.
   ION UAL Iodine.
    IOTACIS'MUS,  from the  Greek letter Iota.
  Defective articulation, — the  patient not  being
  able to pronounce the palatals/ and g soft.
    IPECAC, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Eu-
  phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan-
  ha, Triosteum.
    IPECACUAN'HA. In common parlance, often
  abridged to Ipecac.  The  pharmacopoeial  name
  of  the  Cephae'lis ipecacuan'ha, Callicoc'ca Ipe-
  cacuan'ha, Cago8anga.  Nat. Ord. Cinchonaceae.
  It is also obtained from the Psycho'tria emet'ica
  of  Peru.  The  odour  of the root, Ijwcacuan'ha
  root, Ipecacacuan'ha  radix, Radix Brazilten'sis,
  — Ipecacuanha, (Ph.  U. S.) — is faint and  pecu-
  liar; taste bitter,  subaerid,  and  mucilaginous;
  both water and alcohol extract its virtues,  which
  depend  on a  peculiar principle, called Emct'ia.
  It is emetic in  large doses; sudorific  in  smaller.
  Dose,  as an emetic, gr. xx to xxx,—-alone, or
  united with gr. i to ij. of tartarized antimony.
    Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia  corollata — i. Bas-
  tard, Asclepias curassavica,  Triosteum perfolia-
  tum—t. Blanc de Vile de France,  Asclepias asth-
  matica — i. Blanc de St. Domingue, Asclepias  cu-
  rassavica— i. of the  Isle of France, Cynanchum
  vomitoriuin.                    .
    Ipecacuan'ha, AVhite,  is obtained from diffe-
  rent species of Richardsonitt and Ionidium.  Vi-
  ola ip< cacunn'ha sen Solea ipecacuan'ha seu Pom-
  la'lca  ipecacuan'ha, also affords it. It is weaker
  than the gray.
    IPO, Upas.
  IPOMCEA  JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa —i.
Maerorrhiza,  Convolvulus Jalapa.
  IRA, Rage.
  IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  IR.AL'GIA;  Ireal'gia,  Iridal'gia, from ipu,
' the iris,' and alyos, ' pain.'  Pain in the iris.
  IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi.
  IREALGIA, Iralgia,
  IREONCION, Iriancistron.
  IRIANCISTRON, Iridancist'ron,  Ircon'cion,
from tpis, and ayxtarppv, 'a hook.'  A hooked in-
strument, used by Schlagintweit in the formation
of an artificial pupil.
  IRID.E'A  EDU'LIS.  One of the Algae, eaten
in Scotland and the southwest of England.
  IRIDALGIA, Iralgia.
  IRIDANCISTRON, Iriancistron.
  IRIDAUXE'SIS, from Iris, I'ridis, and au£i;-
ats,  'augmentation:'  Sfaphylo'ma  I'ridis, Sta-
phylo'ma U'vea, Iridonco'sis, Lyniphon'cus Pri-
dia. Exudation of fibrin into the tissue of the iris.
  IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
  IRIDECTOMIA. Coretomia.
  IRIDENCLEISIS. see Coretomia,
  IRIDENCLEISMUS, see Coretomia,
  IRIDERE'MIA, from ipif, and cpnpos,' deprived
of;' Iridoatere'ais.  Absence of iris, either appa-
rent or real.
  IRIDOCELE, Ptosis iridis.
  IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis.
  IRIDODIALYSIS,  Coretomia.
  IRIDOMALA'CIA,  from ipts, 'the iris,' and
ualaxia, 'softness.'   Mollescence or softening of
the iris.
  IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Iridomelano'sis, from
tpis, 'the  iris,' and ptlavttv,  'to colour  black.'
The deposition of black matter  on  the  tissue of
the iris.
   IRIDONCO'SIS, Iridon'cus, Hyperonco'sis Iri-
 dis, from ipis, 'the  iris,' and oyxos,  'a swelling.'
 Tumefaction or thickening of the iris.  Also, Iri-
 dauxesis.
   IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis.
   IRIDOPERIPHAKITIS: from tpis,  'the iris,'
 ntpi, 'around,' and phacitis, inflammation of the
 lens.  Inflammation of the anterior hemisphere
 of  the capsule of the lens.
   IRIDOPTOSIS. Ptosis iridis.
    IRIDOR'RHAGAS, Iridorrho'ge,  Iridor'rhox,
 Iridoschia'ma, Fissu'ra I'ridis, from tpis, ' iris,'
 and payas, 'a fissure.'   Fissure  of the iris.
    IRIDORRHOGE, Iridorrhagas.
    IRIDORRHOX, Iridorrhagas.
    IRIDOSCHISMA.  Iridorrhagas.
    IRIDOSTERESIS. Irideremia.
    IRID0TEXCLEIS1S, Coretomia.
    IRIDOTOAIIA. Coretomia.
    IRIDOTROMUS, Hippus.
    IRIS, (gen. I'ridis)  Gmmme.  So called  from its
 resembling  the rainbow in a variety of  colours.
 A  membrane, stretched vertically at the  anterior
 part of  the  eve, in the midst  of the aqueous hu-
 mour, in which it forms a kind of  circular, flat
 partition, separating the anterior from  the poste-
 rior  chamber.  It  is perforated  by a  circular
 opening called the pupil, which is  constantly va-
 rying its  dimensions,  owing to the varying con-
  tractions  of the fibres of the iris.   Its' posterior
  surface has been called  urea, from the thick,
  black varnish whieh covers it.  The gi-eater cir-
  cumference of the iris is adherent to the ciliary
  processes and circle.  It has au external plane of
  radiated  fibres and an internal one of  circular
  fibres, which  serve — the one to dilate, the other
  to contract  the aperture of the pupil.   The iris
  receives  the irian nerves.   Its arteries  are fur-
  nished by the long ciliary arteries which form two 
IRIS                     486            IRRITABLE
circles by their anastomoses; the one very broad,
n ear the great circumference ; the other, smaller,
and seated around the circumference of the pupil.
The veins of the iris empty themselves  into the
Vasa vorticosa, and into  the long ciliary veins.
The use of the  iris seems to be, — to regulate by
its dilatation or contraction, the quantity of lu-
minous rays necessary  for distinct vision.   The
different colours of the  iris occasion the variety
in the colours  of the human eye.
  Iris, see Herpes Iris  — i. Common,  I. Germa-
nica— i. Commun, I. Germanica — i. de Florence,
I. Florentina.
  Iris Florenti'na, Florentine iris or orris, (F.)
Iris de Florence.   The rhizoma of this  plant  is
extremely acrid in its  recent state;  and, when
chewed, excites a pungent heat in the mouth, that
continues for  several hours.  AVhen  dried, the
acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and  the  smell  is
very agreeable.  It is indebted to its agreeable
flavour for its  retention in the pharmacopoeias,
although it is ranked as an expectorant
  Iris F(ETiDis'siMA,/./os'fic?a, Spath'ulafoe'tida,
Xyds, Stinking iris, (F.) Idapuant,Glayeulpuant.
The  root has  been esteemed antispasmodic and
narcotic.
  Iris German'ica.  The systematic name of the
Flower-de-Luce, Trie  nostras, Aier'sa, Iris vulga'-
ris, Common iris or  orrie,  Gladiolus caru'leus,
(F.) Iris commun, Flambe.  The fresh  roots have
a disagreeable smell and an acrid, nauseous taste.
They are powerfully cathartic, and are given  in
dropsies, where such  remedies are indicated.
  Iris Lacus'tris, Dwarf-flag, Dwarf lake-iris;
has the properties of I.  versicolor.
  Iris, Lake, Dwarf,  I. lacustris — i. Lutea,  I.
pseudacorus.
  IRIS DES MARAIS, I. pseudacorus — i. Nos-
tras, I. Germanica — i.  Palustris,  I. pseudacorus.
  Iris Pseudac'orus.   The systematic name of
the Yellow water-flag, Iris palua'tria  seu  lu'tea,
Gladiolus lu'teua, Ac'orua vulga'ris seu adulterl-
nu8 seu palus'tris, Paeudac'oma, Bu'tomon,  (F.)
Iria des marais, Faux acore, Flambe bdtard, Acore
bdtard.  The root has an acrid, styptic taste.  It
is an  errhine,  sialogogue, and  acrid  astringent.
The  expressed juice  is  diuretic, and said to be a
useful application to serpiginous and other  cuta-
neous affections.  Rubbed on the gums, or chewed,
it is said to cure toothache.
  IRIS  PUANT,  I. foetidissima — i. Stinking,
I. foetidissima.
  Iris A'ersic'olor,  Blue flag.   The rhizoma  of
this  is an active  cathartic, and has been much
used, as  such, by  the American Indians.  It  is
reputed to be diuretic.
  Iris Vulgaris, I.  Germanica.
  IRISITIS, Iritis.
  IRI'TIS, Inflammation of the iris, Inflamma'tio
I'ridia,  Irisltis.  The  chief symptoms are ; —
change in the  colour of  the iris ; fibres less mova-
ble ; tooth-like processes shooting into the pupil;
pupil  irregularly  contracted, with the  ordinary
signs of inflammation of the eye.  If the inflam-
mation do not yield, suppuration takes  place;
and, although  the  matter may be absorbed, the
iris remains immovable.   It is often  caused by
syphilis.  The general  principles of treatment
are, to deplete largely and exhibit mercury freely;
along with attention  to other means advisable  in
ophthalmia.   The free use of quinia is sometimes
serviceable. When the inflammation is seated  in
the serous covering of the iris, it is  termed Iritis
tero'sa.
   IRON, Ferrum—i. Acetate of, Ferri  acetas —
I. and Alumina, sulphate of,  Ferri et  aluminis
sulphas—i. Ammoniated, Ferrum ammoniatum
— i. Ammonio-citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras —
L Aminonio-chloride  of, Ferrum ammoniatum  —
i. Ammonio-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras —
i. and Ammonia, citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras
— i. and Quinia Hydriodate of, see Iodine — i.
Bromide of, see Bromine — i. Carbonate of, sac-
charine,  Ferri  proto-carbonas — i.  Carburet  of,
Graphites—i. Black oxide of, Oxydum ferri ni-
grum— i. Citrate of, Ferri citras — i. Citrate of
the magnetic oxide of, see Ferri ammonio-citras
— i. Ferrocyanuret of, Prussian blue — i. Ferro-
prussiate of,.Prussian  blue — i.  Filings, purified,
Ferri limatura purificata — i. Hydrated oxide of,
Ferrum oxydatum  hydratum — i. Hydrated per-
oxide of,  Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Hy-
drated tritoxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum
—i. Hydriodate of, Ferri iodidum—i. Hydro-oxide
of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i. Iodide  of,
see  Iodine — i. Iodide of, Ferri  iodidum—i. Io-
duret of, Ferri iodidum — i. Lactate of, Ferri lac-
tas — i. Liquor,  Ferri  acetas — i.  and Magnesia,
citrate of, Ferri et Magnesise citras — i. Nitrate
of, solution  of,  see Tinctura Ferri muriatis — i.
Peroxide of, Ferri subcarbonas — i. Phosphate of,
Ferri phosphas — i. Pills of, compound,  Pilulae
ferri composite—i. Potassio-citrate of, see  Ferri
ammonio-citras — i. Protocarbonate of, Ferri pro-
tocarbonas— i. Protoxide of, lactate of, Ferri lac-
tas — i. Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretum — i. and Qui-
nia, citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Quiniae  citras — i. and
Quinia, hydriodate of,  see Quinia, iodide of iod-
hydrate of—i.  Sesquinitrate of, Solution of, see
Tinctura ferri muriatis—i. Sesquioxide of,  Ferri
subcarbonas—i. Sodio-citrate of, see Perri ammo-
nio-citras— i.  Sulphate  of,  Ferri sulphas — i.
Sulphuret of, Ferri sulphuretum — i. Tannate  of,
Ferri tannas—i. Tartarized, Ferrum tartarizatum
— i. Ternitrate of, solution of, see  Tinctura ferri
muriatis — i. Trito-hydro-ferrocyanate of,  Prus-
sian blue — i. and Potass, tartrate of, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum— i. Aralerianate of, Ferri valerianas —
i. Weed, Vernonia Noveboracensis.
  IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) Irreducible. An epi-
thet given to fractures,  luxations, herniae, &e.,
when they cannot be reduced.
  IRREDUCIBLE, Irreducible.
  IRREG'ULAR, Irregula'ria, Anom'dloua; from
im, ' privative,' and regula, ' a  rule.'  A  term
chiefly applied  to  the  types of a disease;  and,
also, to the pulse, when its beats are separated by
unequal intervals.
 . Irreg'ular Practit"ioner.  One who does not
practise  his  profession according to rules  sanc-
tioned by law or custom.
  IRREMEDIABLE, Incurable.
  IRREPTIO, Attack.
  IRRIGATION, Irriga'tio, Embrocdtio,  Irro-
ra'tio :  ' the act of watering or moistening.' The
methodical  application of water  to an affected
part, to keep it constantly wet.
  IRRITABILITAS,  Irritability —i. Morbosa,
see Subsultus tendinum — i. Aresicae, Cysterethis-
mus.
  IRRITABILTTY,  Irritabilitaa, from irrito,
(in, 'privative,' and ritua, 'the usual manner,')
'I  provoke.'   Via irritctbilitdtia, Via Vita, Via
in'aita of Haller,  17*  vita'lis  of  Gorter,  0*ci7-
Idtio of Boerhaave, Tonic power of Stahl, Vita
pro'pria, Inherent power, Contractility, Excita-
bility, &c.  A power, possessed by all living, or-
ganized  bodies, of being acted upon by certain
stimuli, and of moving responsive to stimulation.
It is the ultimate vital property.
  IR'RITABLE, Irritab'ilia.  That which  is en-
dowed with irritability.  Every living organized
tissue is irritable;  that is, capable of feeling an
appropriate stimulus, and of moving responsive to
such stimulus.   Irritable is often used in the same
sense as impreaaible, as when we speak of an irri-
table person, or habit, or temper.   This last con-
dition  has  been  variously  termed — Debilitaa 
IRRITAMEN                487                  ISOHIO
ro'.rvo 8a, D. Erethis'ica, Hypercine'sia nervo'sa,
Aeiiraathenla, Neuroathenla, Senaibilitas anom'-
ala, S. Morbo'sa, S. a acta.
  IRRITAMEN, Irritant, Stimulus.
  IRRITAMENTUM,  Erethism, Irritant,  Sti-
mulus— i. Metallicum, Galvanism.
  IR'RITANT, Irri'tans, Irritdmen,  Irritamen-
:.mn.  That which causes  irritation or pain, heat
and tension; either mechanically, as  punctures,
acupuncture, or scarification; chemically, as the
alkalies and  acids;  or  in  a specific  manner, as
cantharides.
  Irritants are of great use in the treatment of
disease.
  IRRITATING POISON, see Poison.
  IRRITATE, Erethism, Gargale, Irritation.
  IRRITATION,  Irrita'tio,  Erethis'mus.   The
Etate of a tissue or organ, in which there is ex-
cess of vital movement; commonly  manifested
by  increase of  the  circulation and  sensibility.
Broussais defines irritation to be ; — the condition
of an organ, the excitation of which is carried to
so high a degree, that the equilibrium resulting
from the balance of  all the functions  is broken.
In this signification, he also uses  the word  sur-
irritation, which he considered as a higher de-
gree, and as the essential cause of fever.  Irrita-
tion is the percursor of inflammation.
  Irrita'tion, Morbid, Constitutional irritation,
Ir'ritative fever, Pseudo-fever, is that excitement
which occurs after injuries done to the body, or
to any part thereof; — constituting cases  of  dis-
eased sympathi/.
  IRRITATIVE FEVER, Irritation, morbid.
  IRRORATIO, Irrigation.
  IS, Fibre.
  ISA'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Wood, Pastel.  A  Eu-
ropean plant, whose leaves have a fugitive pun-
gent smell, and an acrid durable taste.  They are
not  used, however,  in  medicine at the present
day ; but are the source of the dye-stuff, woad.
  1SCA, Boletus igniarius.
  ISCILE'MIA, from ta\w, 'I retain,' and 'aipa,
'blood.'   Morbid retention  or suppression of an
habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or
menstrual flux or of epistaxis.   See Haematosta-
tica,
  ISCH^E'MON, Ischa'mum.  Same etymon. A
medicine which restrains or stops bleeding.
  IS'CHESIS, from tax^tv, ' to retain.'  Suppres-
sion or retention of a discharge or secretion.
  IS'CHIA, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  In  this
volcanic  isle, five  miles from Naples, there are
several thermal waters, one of  which — that of
Gurgitello — raises the  thermometer  of Fahr. to
167°.
  ISCTIIACUS, Ischiatic.
  ISCHIADICUS MORBUS, Neuralgia femoro-
poplitaea — i. Nervus, Sciatic nerve.
  1SCHIAD0CELE, Ischiocele.
  ISCHIAGRA, Is'chias, Ischialgia, from io^ioh,
'the haunch,' and aypa, 'a seizure.'  A name
given to ischiatic  gout.  Femoro-popliteal  neu-
ralgia has, also, been so called.
  ISCHIALGIA,  Ischiagra, Neuralgia femoro-
poplitnea.
  1SCHIAS, Ischiagra — i. Nervosa Antiea, Neu-
ralgia femoro-praetibialis — i. Nervosa Cotunnii,
Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea — i. Nervosa digitalis,
Neuralgia cubito-digitalis — i.  Nervosa postica,
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea — i. a,  Sparganosi,
Phlegmatia dolens.
  ISCHIAT'IC, Ischiad'ic, Ischial icus, Ischiad'-
icus, Ischiacus, Sciaf'ic, from <o-;r;ioi<, ' the haunch ;'
whence the word Sciatic.   Au  epithet given to
part- connected  with the ischium.  The Sciatic
Notches,  (F.) Echancrures  Ischiatiques,  are
formed by this bone; the Ischiatic Si inf. belongs
to it, and gives attachment to the small sacrosci-
atic ligament  The Tuberos'ity of the Ischium,
Os sedentdrium, Tuber Is'chii, (F.)  Tuberosire
sciatique, is formed by it.  It receives the inser-
tions of different muscles of the thigh,  and forms
the projection on which the body rests when
seated.
   Ischiatic Artery, Sciat'icAr'tery, (F.) Artere
Femoro-Poplitee (Ch.) arises  singly from the hy-
pogastric, or with  the gluteal;  and  seems to  be
really a continuation  of the  trunk  of  the hypo-
gastric.  It issues from the  pelvis,  at the lower
part of the great sciatic notch ;  and, afterwards,
divides  into a considerable number  of branches,
which are distributed  particularly to the posterior
and superior region of the thigh.
   Ischiatic Region, Sciat'ic region; Regio ischi-
adica.   The region of the hip.
   Ischiatic  A'ein  presents  the same arrange-
ment as the artery.
   ISCHIATICUS, Sciatic.
   ISCHIATOCELE,  Ischiocele.
   ISCHIDRO'SIS, Sudo'ris  aupprea'sio, Oligid-
ria, from ta^w,  'I restrain,'  and 'tbpws, 'sweat.'
Suppression of perspiration.
   ISCHIOBLEN'NIA,  Iachoblen'nia, from taXw, •
'I restrain,' and (ilcvva, 'mucus.'  The suppres-
sion of a morbid but.habitual  discharge of mucus.
   ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging to the
ischium and corpus cavernosum.
   Ischio-Cavernosus muscle,  Collaterdlia, Di-
rec'tor penis, Erec'tor penia, Siiatentdtor Penia,
Iachio-ui-ethral (Ch.) is a small, long, flat muscle,
which surrounds the origin of the corpus caver-
nosum.,  It is fixed below to the inner side of the
tuberosity of the ischium, and above to  the root
of the penis,  where  it is  confounded  with the
fibrous membrane of the corpus cavernosum.  It
draws the root of the penis downwards  and back-
wards.
   Ischio-Cavernosus  of  the  female,  Erector-
clitor'idia,  Sustentdtor  clitor'idis,  Superior ro-
tun'dus  clitor'idis, (F.) Ischio-clitoridien, Ischio
sous-clitorien, (Ch.), is arranged nearly as in the
male, but is less bulky.  It arises, by aponeurosis,
from the tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates
by embracing  the  corpus  cavernosum of the cli-
toris, to the erection of  which it appears to  con-
tribute.
   ISCHIOCE'LE, Ischiotoce'le, Ischictdoce'le,
Hernia  ischia'tica;  from ia\iov, 'the  ischium,'
and xnln, 'tumour.'  Ischiatic hernia.  One  in
which the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch.
It is a rare disease.  The protruded parts must
be reduced—the patient being placed in a favour-
able position,  and they must be retained by a
bandage.
   ISCHIO-CLITORIA'XUS.   That  which  is
connected with the ischium and clitoris.
  Ischio-Clito'rian  Artery of Chaussier  is a
division of the internal pudic, which furnishes
the two arteries of the clitoris — the superficial
and deep-seated.
   Ischio-Clitorian  Nerve, of the same  pro-
fessor, is the superior branch  of the pudic nerve,
which is distributed to the clitoris.
   ISl IIIO - CLITORIDIEN, Ischio - cavernous
—i. Coccygeus, Coccygeus—i. Creti-tibial, Semi-
tendinosus,— i. Femoralis, Adductor magnus  —
i.  Femora-pironier, Biceps flexor cruris—i. Peri-
neal, Transversus  perinaei — i. Popliti-femoral,
Semi-membranosus —i.  Popliti-tibial,  Semi-
membranosus— i.  Pi-etibial,  Semi-tendinosus  —
i.  Sous-clitorien, Ischio-cavernosus—t". Sous-tro-
chanterien, Quadra;us femoris — i. Spino-trochan- 
ISCHION
488
ISOPATniA
tf.rien,  Ischio-trochanterianus — i. Urethral,  Is-
chio-cavernosus.
  ISCHEDYMIA, see Somatodymia.
  IS'CHION, Ischium, Oa ischii, Oa coxen'dicie,
Hip-bone, Huckle-bone,  Seat-bone, (F.)  Oa  de
I'assiette.  The lowermost of the three portions
which  compose the os  innominatum in the foetus
and young individual.   The inferior region of the
same  bone has, also, been called ischium, in the
adult.  According to Hesychius, the ancients de-
signated by the word  ischion, the capsular liga-
ment of the coxo-femoral articulatien, as well as
the articulation  itself.  Some  derive the word
from ta\is, the lumbar region;  others from  the
verb ta-vw, 'I arrest,' T retain;' — because that
bone serves as a  base  or support for the trunk,
when we are seated.
  Ischion, Haunch,
  ISCIIIOPA'GES, from  Ischion, and irayw, 'I
fasten.'  A  monstrous union of two  foetuses, in
which they are  attached  to each  other  by  the
ischia. — Geoffroy St Hilaire.  See Hypogastro-
didymus.
  ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS, Tabes coxa'ria seu ischi-
ad'ica, Phthiaia ischiad'ica, from ta%iov, 'ischium,'
and phthisis.   Phthisis in consequence of suppu-
ration of the hip joint.
  ISCIIIO-PROSTATTCUS.  AVinslow, Sancto-
rini, Albinus, and Sommering, have given  this
name  to the  fibres of the  transversus perinaei
muscle, which go towards the prostate.
  ISCIIIO-RECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa.
  ISC1IIOSIS, Neuralgia femoro poplitaea.
  ISCHIO- TROCHANTERIA'NUS, Gem'ini,
 Gemelli.   Part of the Marsupidlis  of Cowper;
 Car'neum Marsu'pium, Ischio-spini-trochanterien,
Secun'dus et ter'tius quadrigem' inus,  (F.) Muscle
canneie, Accessoire d  Vobturateur interne.  Two
small, fleshy bundles,  long aud flat, which arise,
—the  superior on the outside of the sciatic spine;
the inferior behind the tuberosity of the ischium.
Both pass horizontally outwards, and are attached
to the tendon of the  obturator internus,  which
they accompany  into the fossa of the trochanter.
 These muscles are rotators of the lower limb  out-
wards.  They can,  also, turn the pelvis on  the
femur, in standing on one foot.
  ISCHIUM, Ischion.
  ISCIIL, xAIINERAL  WATERS  OF.   These
 springs, which are in  Upper  Austria,  contain
iodine and bromine.
  ISCHX'OPIE'NIA, from  taxvos, 'slender,'and
 fywvn,  'voice.'   Slenderness of voice. — Hippo-
 crates, Galen.
  ISCHNOTES, Emaciation.
   ISCIE, ia\w,  'I keep back,' 'I restrain,' 'I
 hold firm.'   Hence:
   ISCHOBLENXIA,  Ischioblennia.
   ISCIIOCEXO'SIS,  from «<rYu>,  'I  arrest,' and
 xcvwais, ' evacuation.'   Retention or  suppression
 of a natural evacuation — as of the menses.
   ISCIIOCHOLTA, from loe/oi, 'I  arrest,' and
 j£oAi7,  ' bile.'   Reten'tio bilia. Retention  or  sup-
 pression of the biliary secretion.
   ISCIECOILIA, Constipation.
   LSCIECOPRIA, Constipation.
   ISCHOG ALACTIA, Reten'tio lactis, from tax**,
 and yala, 'milk.'  AVant of  milk in the mammae.
   ISCIELO'CHIA or  Iacholochla,  Lochios'che-
 ai.8, Siipprea'aio lochio'rum, from ia%w, 'I restrain,'
 and lox^ia,  'the lochial discharge.'  Reten'tio
 lochia'rum.  Suppression of  the lochial discharge.
   ISCHOMEXTA, Amenorrhoea.
   ISCHOXEURALGIA, Neuralgia  femoro-pop-
 litaoa.
   ISCHOPHONIA, Balbuties.
   ISCHOSPER'MIA, from iaXv, 'I retain,' and
aireppa,  'sperm;' Sem'inis  reten'tio.   Retention
or suppression of the spermatic secretion.
  ISCHURET'IC, Isehuret'icum.   Same etymon
as the next.  A medicine for relieving suppressic u
of urine.  A diuretic.
  ISCHU'RIA,  Urlna aupprea'aio, Stoppage of
urine,  Siipprea'aio lo'tii, Parn'ritt retentio'nis;
from ta\w, 'I arrest,' 'I retain,' and oupov, 'urine.'
Impossibility of discharging the  urine.   Gene-
rally restricted  to suppression of the secretion,
or to renal Ischuria or Anu'ria, Anure'sis.
   Iachuria Vera is that in which the urine having
accumulated in the bladder, the patient is unable
to pass it, notwithstanding the inclination which
constantly distresses him.  In falae iachuria, Pa-
ru'ria  inops, Paru'ria retentio'nis rena'lis, Ischu-
ria notha seu spu'ria, of some, (F.) Suppression
d Urine, owing to some disease of the kidney  or
uterus, the urine cannot reach  the bladder.
   Ischuria has  likewise received various  other
names, according to  the seat  and character  of
the obstacle which opposes the exit of the urine:
hence  the expressions — Renal, Ureteric,  Vesical,
 Urethral, and Calculous Iachuria.   Veaical Iachu-
ria is synonymous with Retention of urine, whieh
see.
   Ischuria Cysto-phlegmatica, Cystirrhoea —
i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus—i. Spasmodica, Cys-
tospasmus—i. Spuria, see Ischuria—i. Urethralis
a phimosi, see Phimosicus—i. Arera, see Ischuria
—i. Aresicalis, Retention of urine.
   ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla.
   ISIR, Elixir.
   ISIS NOBILIS, see Coral.
   ISLAND OF  REIL, Insula  cerebri.
   ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.  This
beautiful island is a  favourable  summer retreat
for invalids.   Undercliff is the situation chosen
as  a winter residence for  phthisical  valetudina-
rians.   Cowes,  Niton,  Sandown,  Shanklin, and
Ryde, are delightful summer residences.
   ISOCH'RONOUS, Iaoch'ronua, Iaochron'iua,
laod'romua, from 100s,  'equal,'  and xP0V°Si 'time.'
That which takes place in the same time, or in
equal  times.  The pulsations  of the arteries, in
various parts of the body, are nearly isochronous.
   ISOCH'RYSON,  Aiiro compar ; from iaos,
 ' equal,' and  xpva°s> ' gold.'   A  collyrium,  de-
scribed  by  Galen as worth its weight in gold.
 Libavius has also given this name  to an  amal-
 gam,  made with equal parts of antimony and
 mercury.
   ISOC'RATES, from 10-05, 'equal,' and xcpavvvpt,
 ' I mix.'  A  mixture of equal  parts of wine and
 water. — Hippocrates.                   .
   ISODROMUS, Isochronous.
   ISOLUSINE, see Polygala  senega.
   ISOM'ERIC, Isomer'icus, Isom'erus, Isoma'rus,
 Iaom'orua, from iaos,  ' equal,' and pepos,  ' part'
 An epithet  applied  to different bodies  which
 agree  in composition,  but differ in  properties.
 The condition is termed Isoni'erism.
   ISOMERISM, see Isomeric.
   ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous.
   ISOMOR'PHOUS,  Iaomor'phna, Iaomor'phicua,
 from iaos, 'equal,' and poptpn, 'form.'  An epithet
 applied to different bodies which have the same
 crystalline  form.  The condition is called Iso-
 morphism.
   ISONANDRA GUTTA, see Guttapercha,
   ISOPATHFA, Isop'athy,  from 1005, 'equal,'
 and  irados,  ' disease.'   This term has been used
 by some of the  German  writers to signify  the
  cure of diseases by the disease  itself, or its pro-
  ducts;— under the hypothesis, that every conta-
 gious disease contains  in its  contagious  matter 
ISSUE                   489               JACTATION
tho means for its cure ; — thus, that variola may
be  cured  by  homoeopathic  doses  of variolous
matter; syphilis, with venereal matter, Ac, <fec.
Others have  given  to isopathy another form; —
maintaining,  that every diseased organ has its
remedy in the same organ,—that eating liver, for
example,  will remove disease of the liver!
   Isopathia has been used by an American writer
— Dr.  J.  M. B.  Harden, of Georgia — to mean
"Parallelism of Diseases;"  "the  disposition of
diseases to ' anastomose with each other,' or to
wear each other's livery."
   ISSUE, Fonticulus — i. Peas, Aurantia curas-
saventia,  see Fonticulus.                 fc
   ISTIIME  DUGOSIER, Isthmus of the fauces.
   ISTHMION, Isthmus, Pharynx.
   ISTHMITIS, Infiamma'tio  Fau'cium, I. pa-
la'ti, Angina simplex, Cynan'che simplex, Angi'na
mitia,  A.  faucium, Angor fau'cium,  (F.) Angine
aimple.  Inflammation  of the  fauces.  See Cy-
nanche pharyngea,  and Angina.
   ISTJIMO CATAR'R HUS;  from la0poS, ' the
fauces,' and xarappoos, ' catarrh.'  Catarrh of the
fauces.
   ISTHMODYN'IA, from  taOpos,  'the fauces,'
and obwp, ' pain.'  Pain in the fauces.
   ISTHMOPLE'GIA;  from iaBpos, ' the fauces,'
and rlnyn, ' a stroke.'   Paralysis of the fauces.
   ISTHMOS, Pharynx.
   ISTHMOTYPIIUS, Cynanche maligna.
   ISTHMUS, Iath'mion.  A tongue of land join-
ing a  peninsula  to a continent, or which  sepa-
rates two  seas.  Anatomists  have given the name
Fauces, Isthmus  of the Fauces, Isthmus Fau'cium,
 Claustrum Gut'turis, (F.) Isthme du gosier, to the
strait which separates the mouth from the pha-
rynx.  It is  formed above by  the velum palati
and uvula; at the sides, by the  pillars of the
fauces and the tonsils; and below,  by the base
of the tongue.
   Isthmus of the Fossa Ova'lis; Isthmus Vieus-
sen'ii,  Striga cartilagino'sa cordis, is  the promi-
nent arch formed above the fossa ovalis by the
union  of the  two pillars which  bound the cavity.
   Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland is a narrow
band that unites  the two chief lobules composing
the thyroid gland.
   Isthmus Hepatis, see Lobulus anonymus — i.
Urethrae,  see Urethra—i. ATieussenii, Isthmus of
the fossa ovalis,  see Ovalis fossa.
   ITALICUS MORBUS, Syphilis.
   ITCH,  Psora—i. of Animals, Scabies ferina—
i. Bakers', see Psoriasis — i. Barbers', Sycosia.
   Itch,  Cowpox.  A  cutaneous  eruption, ob-
served and described by Golis, which appeared
after the  fourteenth day from vaccination, and
consisted  of  isolated vesicles, often filled with a
puriform  fluid.
   Itch, Grocers,'  see  Psoriasis — i. Insect, see
Psora — i. Weed, Veratrum  viride.
J.
  JABOT, Ingluvies.
  JACA  INDICA, Thymus mastichina.
  JACEA, Tricolor,  Ariola Tricolor—j. Ramosis-
Eima, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  JACENS, Sick.                  .
  JACK  IN  THE HEDGE. Alliaria.
  JACKSON'S BATHING  SPIRITS, Linimen-
tum  saponis compositum.
  JACOB-EA, S»uccio Jacobsea.
  ITCHING, Parap'aia pruri'tua, Autal'gia pru-
rigino'aa, Pruri'tua, Prurigo, Cnesmos,  Omenta,
(F.)  Prurit, Uemangeaison.   A sensation, more
inconvenient than painful, seated especially at
the  surface of the body, which provokes  tho
patient to scratch the part  It may be either an
external  or an internal sensation : that is, pro-
duced by an external body, or by some modifica-
tion  in the organic actions of the part to which
it is  referred.
  ITEA, Salix.
  ITER  DENTIS, see Gubernaculum dentis —
i. Femineum,  Perinaeum—i. ad  Infundibulum,
Arulva — i.  a Palato ad Aurem, Eustachian  tube
— i.  ad Quartum ventriculum, Aquaeductus Sylvii
— i.  ad Tertiuin ventriculum, A'ulva — i. Prime,
Urethra — i. Urinarium, Urethra..
  ITHYPHAL'LUS,  from iSvs, 'straight,'  and
tpallos,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of a
penis, anciently worn  round  the neck, to which
were attributed alexiterial properties.
  1TINERARIUM, Conductor, Director.
  ITIS,  from trns, 'bold,' 'rash.'   A suffix de-
noting inflammation;—as encephali'fis, inflam-
mation of  the  encephalon ; — Pleurifi's, inflam-
mation of the pleura.
  IVA, Teucrium iva — i. Arthritica, Teucrium
chamaepitys — i. Moschata Monspeliensium, Teu-
crium iva—i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  IVETTE MUSQUEE, Teucrium iva — i. Pe-
tite,  Teucrium chamaepitys.
  IVOIRE, Ivory.
  IArORY, Ebur, Elephaa, (F.) Ivoire. The tusk
of the elephant.  It is chiefly composed of phos-
phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of
pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments,
&e.  Formerly, when  calcined to whiteness,  it
entered into some pharmaceutical preparations.
It was regarded  as astringent and anthelmintic,
and  was  called Spodium.
  The dentine is the  ivory of the human tooth.
See  Tooth.
  IVRAIE, Lolium temulentum.
  IVRESSE, Temulentia.
  IAr\', Hedera helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia—i.
American,  Ampelopsis quinquefolia—i. Big, Kal-
mia  latifolia — i. Fine-leaved, Ampelopsis quin-
quefolia—i. Ground, Glecoma hederaceum.
  IXIA, Varix, AAscum album.
  IXINE,  Atractylus gummifera.
  IXIR, Elixir.
  IXOS, A'iscum album.
  IXUS, Galium aparine.
   IXYOMYELITIS,  from ifBS, 'the  lumbar re-
gion,' pvclos, 'marrow/ and itis, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the spinal  marrow in
the lumbar region.
   IXYS, Ix'ya, Ix'ye. Used  by different authors
for the ilia, flanks, and loins;  most  frequently
for the last. — Hippocrates.
  JACOBEE, Senecio Jacobs? a.
  JACOB'S LADDER,  FALSE,  Polemonium
reptans.
  JACOBSON'S ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal
ganglion.
  JACTATION", Jactita'tion,Jacta'tio,Jacta'tus,
Rhiptas'mos, Jactitdtio,  from jactare, ' to toss
about' Extreme anxiety; excessive restlessness;
—a symptom observed in serious diseases. 
JACTITATIO               491
  JACTITATIO, Inquietude.
  JADE NEPHRITE ou ORIENTALE, Ne-
phreticus lapis.
  JAGRE, see Tari.
  JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de-
candra—j. Cancer root, Phytolacca decandra—
j. AVild, Convolvulus panduratus.
  JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
  JALAP1NE, see Convolvulus jalapa.
  JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa,
  JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa—j. Alba, Con-
volvulus mechoacan.
  J ALE YR AC,  MINERAL  AVATERS OF.
These waters are situate two leagues from Mau-
riac  in France, on the  road from  Clermont in
Auvergne.  The waters contain lime and carbo-
nate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, ape-
rient, &e.
  JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
  JAMAICA,  see AVest Indies—j. Bark tree,
Bursera gummifera,
  JAAIAICINE, see Geoffraea inermis.
  JAMBES DE BAR BADE,  see Elephantiasis
—j. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
  JAM BIER,  Tibial—J. Anterieur, Tibialis an-
ticus —j.  Grele, Plantar muscle —j. Posterieur,
Tibialis posticus.
  JAMES'S ANALEPTIC  PILLS, se,e Ana-
leptica.
  JAMESTOAVN WEED, Datura stramonium.
  JANAAIUNDA, Geum urbanum.
  JANTPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot
  JANITOR, Pylorus.
  JANTTRIX, Porta vena.
  J A NON- TARENTISME, Tarantismus.
  JANUS, Dicephalus.
  JACQUIER, Artocarpus.
  JARRET, Poples.
  JARRETIER, Poplitaeus muscle, Hamstring.
  JARRETIERE  (F.), Perie'celia,  a  garter,
from garetum  or garretum,  in low Latin,  the
ham.  A kind of furfuraceous herpes, which oc-
cupies the part of the  leg where the garter is
worn.
  JASMIN, Jasminum  officinale.
  JASMINUM ARABICUM, Coffea Arabnm.
  Jasmi'numOffictna'le, Jasminum, Jesemi'num,
the Jes'samine, (F.) Jasmin.  The flowers of this
beautiful plant have a very fragrant smell, and a
bitter taste.  They afford,  by distillation, an es-
sential oil; which is much  esteemed in Italy, for
rubbing paralytic limbs, and in the cure of rheu-
matic pains.
  JASPER, Jaspis.
  JASPIS, Jasper.  A  precious stone, supposed
by the ancients to be capable of arresting hemor-
rhage when worn as an amulet.
  JATAMANSI, Sumbul.
  JAT'ROPHA CURCAS, Ric"inua major, Rici-
no'ldea, Pi'neus purgana, Pinho'nea In'did, Faba
cathar'tica, Avella'na cathar'tica, Nux cathar'tica
America'na,  Nux Barbaden'aia, Physic Nut, (F.)
Pignon  d'lnde, Medicinier cathartique, Grand
haricot de Perou, Pignon de Barbarie, Noix ca-
thartique,  N. Americaine ou des Barbades.  Nat.
Order, Euphorbiaceae.  The  seeds of this plant
afford a quantity of oil, given, in many places,
like the castor oil;  to which, indeed, it is nearly
allied.  They contain a peculiar acid, the Jatro-
phic or Igasuric.
  The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called
Purging ATuts, and give out a similar oil.
  Jatropha Elastica, see Caoutchouc.
  Jatropha Man'ihot, Jan'ipha Man'ihot. The
plant affording the  Caaadda  or Cimadva Root,
Cacdvi, Caaaa've, Cazabi, Pain de Madagaacar,
Ric"inurMinor, Man'ioc, 3Iagnoe, Maniot, Yucca,
0              JOANNESIA

 Maniibar, Ai/ii, Aipima coxera, Aipipoca, Jani-
 pha.  The juice of the root is extremely acrid
 and poisonous.   AVhat  remains, after expressiii"
 it, is made into cakes or meal;  of which the cas-
 sada or cassava bread is formed.  This  bread
 constitutes a principal food of tho inhabitants of
 those parts where it grows.
  The fecula of the root forms Tapioca, Cip<'pa,
 Fec'ula  Tapio'ka, Am'ylum  manihot'icum, which
 is very  nutritious.  It  may be prepared in  tho
 same manner as sago.
  A factitious Tapioca  is met with in  the shops,
 which is in very small,  smooth, spherical grains,
 and^ supposed to be prepared from potato starch.
 It is sold under the name pearl tapioca.
  JAUNDICE,  Icterus—j. Black, Melaena — j.
 Lead, Icterus saturninus—j. Red, Phenigmus.
  JAUNE, Yellow—/. d'CEuf, see Ovum.
  J A UNESSE, Icterus.
  JAAV  BONE, Maxillary Bone.
  JAW-DISEASE, PHOSPHORUS,  see Phos-
 phorus.
  JEAN-DE-GLAINES, ST., MINERAL WA-
 TERS OF. These waters are situate two leagues
 from Billom in Auvergne.  They contain chlo-
 ride of calcium, and carbonate of magnesia; dis-
 solved in an excess  of carbonic acid.
  JECINUS, Liver.
  JECORARIA, Marchantia polymorphia.
  JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic.
  JECORIS VOMICA, see Hepatitis.
  JECTIGATIO. A word used by Van Helmont
 for a species of epilepsy or convulsion.
  JECUR, Liver—j. Uterinum, Placenta.
  JEFFERSO'NIA  BARTOXI,  J.  Diphylla,
 Common Twin-leaf,   Yellow Root, Helmet Pod,
 Ground  Squirrel Pea.  An indigenous plant,  be-
 longing  to Nat. Ord. Berberide;e, Sex. Syst.  Oc-
 tandria Monogynia; which possesses medical pro-
 perties analogous to those of hydrastis.
  JEJUXTTAS, Hunger.
  JEJUNITIS ; a term of hybrid formation, —
 from Jejunum, ' the intestine jejunum,' and itia,
 a  suffix denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
 of the jejunum.
  JEJUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting..
  JE.IU'NUM, from jejunua, empty;' ATcstis, vnu-
 ris, Neati'a.  The  part of  the small intestine
 comprised between the  duodenum and ileum.  It
 has been  so called,  because it is almost always
 found empty in the dead body.
  JELLY, Gelly—j.  of the  Cord, Gelatin of
 AVharton—j. Rice, see Oryza—j. Water, Bra-
 senia hydropeltis.
  JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Pe-
 largonium antidysentericum.
  JERGON, see Arrow-poison.
  JERKING  RESPIRATION,  Respira-
 tion, jerking.
  JERKS, see Mania, dancing.
  JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.  Jersey is  the
 largest of the islands of the British Channel,  and
 is most frequented by invalids.   Its climate
 closely  resembles  that of the south-west coast
 of England, and especially of Penzance, and  it is
 adapted to the same class of invalids.
  JERUSALEAI OAK OF AMERICA, Cheno-
 podium  anthelminticum.
  JESEMINUAI, Jasminum officinale.
  JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale—j. Yellow,
 Gelseminum nitidum.
  JEUNESSE, Adolescence.
  JEAVEL AVEED, Impatiens balsamina.
  JEW'S  EAR, Peziza auricula—j. Harp, Tril-
 lium latifolium.
  JIGGER, Chique.
  JIMSTON AVEED, Datura stramonium.
  JOANNESIA PRINCEPS,  Anda. 
JOANNETTE
491
JUNCUS
      JOANNETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
    ^everal  springs  are  found at Joannette, about
    uve leagues from Angers, in France.  The waters
    nre both cold and warm, and contain  sulphate of
    lime ; subcarbonate of soda; chloride of sodium •
    some iron :  chloride of calcium, and, sometimes
    a kind of saponaceous matter.   They are chiefly
    use.l as a tonic in chlorosis, leueorrhcea, &c.
      JOE  PYE. Eupatorium perfoliatum.
    .  JOIINE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Johne
    is  a village near Dol in Franche-Comte, France
    where is  a  mineral spring, which contains sub-
    carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of magne-
    sia and  iron.  It is  used chiefly as a bath  in
    certain  diseases of the  skin, and in atonic affec-
    tions.
     JOINT, Articulation—j. Ball and Socket, En-
   arthrosis—j. Dove-tail, Suture—j.  Stiff, An-
   kylosis.                          J       '
     JOXAS,  MIXERAL  AVATERS  OF.   This
   spring is  situate  to the south-west of Bourbon-
   lArchambault,  in France.  The waters contain
   chloride of calcium and sulphate of lime; chlo-
   ride of sodium, and sulphate of soda; carbonate
   of  iron, and  carbonic acid gas.  They are tonic
   and aperient
    JOUAN, ST., MIXERAL AVATERS OF  St
   Jouan is a village,  near Saint-Malo,  in France.
   The water is a cold chalybeate.
    JOUBARBE ACRE,  Sedum—/.  des  Toils
   Serapervivum tectorum — j. des Vignea, Sedum
   telephium.
    J CUE, Genu.
    JOULOS, Julus.
    JOUR, Dies.
    JOURS CANICULATRES,  Dog   days—/.
   Critiques, Critical days—/. Indicatcurs, Indi-
  cating days.
    JOVIS FLOS, Crocus—j. Glans, Juglans.
    JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca  decandra,
    JUD^E'US,  Juddicus  (Lapis,) Phoenicl tea
  Lapis, Tecol'ithos, (F.) Pierre Judaique. A stone,
  found  in  Judaea,  Palestine, &c.   Called,  also,
  Lapis Syriacus.  It was formerly esteemed to be
  diuretic and lithontriptic.
    JUDGMENT, Judic"ium, (F.) Jugement. The
  faculty of the  intellect, by whieh ideas are com-
  pared with  each  other, and  their relative worth
  appreciated.
    JUDICATORII  DIES, Critical days.
    JUDICIUM, Judgment.
    JUGAL, Zygomatic—j.  Process, Zygomatic
  process.
    Jugal  Region, Re'gio jugdlis.  The  region
  of the cheek-bone.
    JUG ALE OS,  Malae  os.
    JUG A LIS,  Zygomatic.
    Jugalis Sutu'ra, from  $vyov,  'a yoke.'  The
 suture which  unites the Os Mala or Os Jugdle
 with   the  superior  maxillary bone.  Also, the
 sagittal suture.
   JUGEMENT, Judgment
   JUGLANS  CTNER'EA  (Jovis glans). Butter
 Nut,  Oil Nut,   White Walnut.  The  inner bark
 of the root of this  tree, Juglans (Ph. U. S.),  which
 is  abundant in the United States, is used in me-
 dicine, in  the  form of extract, as an efficacious
 and mild laxative,  in  doses of from 10  to 20
 grains.  It is in the secondary list of the  Phar-
 macopoeia of the United  States.
  Juglans Re'gia, Juglans, A'ux Juglans, Carya
 basilica, xa^va, Carya.  The Walnut,  (F.) A'oyer,
 the tree; A'oi.r, the nut, xapvov, Car'yon.   The
 unripe fruit, in the state in which it  is  pickled,
 was formerly esteemed to be anthelmintic.   The
putamen or green rind of the walnut has been
celehrated as a  powerful antisyphilitic, and used
   as a sort of diet drink.  The kernel is an agreea-
   ble article of dessert; but, like all nuts, is diffi-
   cult of digestion.  The expressed  oil, Unite de
   A oix,  is used in France as an aliment, and, like
   other fixed oils, is laxative.
    A'arious  preparations of the leaves have been
   recommended in scrofulous affections.
    Jl G'ULAR,  Jugnldris, from jugulum, 'the
   throat'  Relating to the throat.
    Jugular Fossa, Fossa Jugnldris, is  a cavity
   in the petro-occipital suture.  It  is formed by the
   petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the
   occipital bone, and lodges  the origin of the inter-
   nal jugular vein.  It is, sometimes, called thimble-
   like cavity.
    Jugular Veins,  Vena Juguldres, V. sphagil-
   ides, V. apoplec'tica,  V. sopordlea.   These are
  situate at the lateral  and anterior  parts of the
  neck.  They are two on each side ; one external
  the  other internal.   1.  The  External  Jugular
   \ein, Tracheio-aoua-cutanee, (Ch.) is of less size
  than the internal.  It descends, almost vertically,
  along the anterior and lateral part of the neck
  from the cervix of the lower jaw to  the subcla-
  vian vein, into which it opens, a little above the
  internal jugular.  It is formed by  the internal
  maxillary, superficial temporal, and posterior au-
  ricular veins.  It is this vein whieh is commonly
  opened in bleeding in the neck.  2. The Internal
  Jugular Vein,  V. Cephalique (Ch.),  Vena apo-
  plec tica, is  much larger, and more deeply seated
  than the preceding.  It descends, vertically, alon<*
  the anterior and lateral part of the neck, from the
  posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as
  far as the subclavian vein.   It commences at the
|  sinus of the jugular vein, (F.) Golfe de la veine
  jugulaire, and receives the blood, which returns
  by the sinus of the  dura mater, and  that  of the
  facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior  thyroid, oc-
 cipital, and diploic veins.
   JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat—j. Uteri, Collum
 uteri.
   JUGUM PENIS.  Presse-urethre.
   JUICE. EXPRESSED, see Succus.
   JUJUBE, Jujuba, Ziz'yphum, Bacca jujuba,
 B. Ziz'yphi.  The fruit of Rhamnus  Ziz'yphus,
 Ziz'yphus vulga'ris seu jujuba seu sativa, a na-
 tive of the south of Europe. It was formerly
 ranked amongst the  pectoral fruits.   It has an
 agreeable sweet taste.  The fruits of two  other
 species of Zizyphus—Z. jujuba, Rhamnus jujuba,
 Montana arbo'rea, a native of the East Indies,
 and Z. lotus,  Rhamnus lotus, Zizyphus nilida seu
sativa seu sylves'tris, growing in  North Africa,
possess similar properties to Zizyphus vulgaris.
   Jujube Paste,  Paste of jujubes.
   JULAPIUM, Julep—j.  Camphorae, Mistura
Camphorae.
   JULEB, Julep.
   JULEP, Jula'pium, Jule'pua, Zula'pium, Ju-
leb of the Persians.   A sweet drink.   A demul-
cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture.
  Julep, Camphor, Mistura camphorae—j.  Cam-
phre,  Mistura camphorae—j. Mint,   see   Mint
julep.
  JULUS, Julos, loulos, ,ovlos.  The  first down
  at annears ution the r>hin __w„
  JU
that appears upon the chin.-Rufus of Ephesus.
   ILMEAL. Gemellus.
  JUNCUS  ODORA'TUS, Andropo'qon achce-
nan time seu bicor'nia seu citrdtua  seu  citriodo'-
rua,  lymbopo'gon schoenailthua, Fcenum  came-
lo rum.  Juncus aromat'icus, Camels  hat/,  Sweet
rush. Mhcenan'thus, Scharnan'thum, Scanan'thum,
Calamus odora'tus, Squinan'thus, Gramen  iricn- 
JUNGLE                 492                KAHINC.E
tdle, (F.) Jonc odorant.   The dried plant, which
is  generally procured from Turkey and Arabia,
has an  agreeable smell,  and a warm, bitterish
taste.  It was formerly used as a stomachic and
deobstruent.
  JUNGLE  FEA7ER.   A variety  of remittent
occurring in the jungle districts of  India.
  JUNIPER TREE. Juniperus communis.
  JUNTP'ERUM VINUM.  AVine  impregnated
with juniper berries.
  JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS, /.  Suecica, Ar-
een'thoa, Ju'niper tree ; Akalalia, Akalera. Ia-
mily, Coniferae.  Sex. Syat. Dieeeia Monadelphia.
The tops and berries, Jtinip'ema (Ph. U. S.), are
ordered in the pharmacopoeias.  Their odour is
strong,  but not unpleasant  Taste warm,  pun-
gent.  Properties dependent upon essential oil,
which  they yield to both water  and  alcohol.
Dose, ^j to 3SS> rubbed with sugar.   In Hol-
land, juniper  berries  are used for  flavouring
gin.  The oil, O'leum  junip'eri, possesses the
virtues  of  the  plant.  It is  called, by  Ruland,
Targar.   (F.) Genevrier (the plant), Genievre
(the berry).
   Juniperus Lycia. This plant—Thu'rea, Th.
virga, Arbor thurif'era — has been supposed  to
afford  the  true frankincense, Cedros Olib'anum,
Thus  Libano'tos,  Libano'tum,  Lib'anos,  Thus
mas' culum, Thua  verum,  (F.) Encena.  By some,
however, it is  supposed to be the produce of an
Am'yris, and by others of Boawel'lia  serrdta.
The odour of olibanum is peculiar and aromatic;
taste bitterish and slightly pungent; partly solu-
ble in alcohol, and forming a milky emulsion,
when triturated with water.   It  was formerly
used in  dysentery  and  haemoptysis, but is now
never  employed  except  as a perfume in a sick
room.
   Juniperus Oxyce'drus, (F.) Cade, Oxicedre,
Oxycedre, grows in  the south of Europe, Siberia,
<tc.  By combustion of the wood,  a liquid tar,
O'leum  cddinum, Junip'eri o'leum empyreumat'i-
cum, Huile de Cade ou de Genevrier, is obtained,
whieh is employed  externally in various chronic
cutaneous and  other diseases.
   Juniperus Sabi'na, Sabina, Savi'na, Sabina
ster'ilis, Bruta, Cedrua  baceif'era, Common   or
barren savin; Brathu, Brathys, Ba'rathron, Bo'-
rathron, (F.)  Sabine, Savinier.  The odour  of
savin leaves is strong and disagreeable.  Taste
hot, acrid,  and bitter, depending on an essential
oil.  Their operation is stimulant, emmenagogue,
anthelmintic, and abortive; externally,  escharo-
tic.  Dose, internally, gr. v to x of the  powder.
As an escharotic, they are applied  in powder  or
formed  into a  cerate.  The essential oil, O'leum
Sabina (Ph. U. S.), has the virtues of the savine.
Dose, two to five drops.
      N. B.—Moat of the terms under K,

  K.   This letter was formerly used to designate
a compound of gold.
  KAATH, Catechu.
  KAAAVY.  Ancient name of an Indian drink,
prepared from maize.
  KABALA, Cabal.
  K^EMPFERIA  GALANGA, see Maranta ga-
langa.
  K^empfe'ria Rotun'da.   Called after Kaemp-
fer, the naturalist;  Zedodria, Z. rotun'da, Amo'-
mum  zcdodria, Colchicum  Zeylan'icum,  Cur'cu-
  Juniperus Suecica, J- communis.
  Juniperus A'irginia'na, Red cedar. This fro*
is known  throughout the United States by  the
name of 8acine, and  is often  used for the same
purposes.
  JUNK,  Pad.
  JUNO LUCINA, Ilithyia.
  JUPITER, Tin.
  JURIBALI,  Euribali.  A  tree in  the  forests
of Pomeroon.  Fam. Meliaceae.  Class,  Octan-
dria.   A'at.  Order,  Monogynia,   The bark is
febrifuge, and may be given in powder or infu-
sion, (^j ad aq. bullient. Oij.)
  JURISPRUDENCE, MEDTCAL, from jus,
juris, 'law,' and prudeutia, 'knowledge.'  Juris-
pruden'tia Medica.  This word is often used sy-
nonymously with Legal Medicine.  It is now, as
frequently, perhaps, employed for the embodied
laws and regulations  that relate to the teaching
and practice of medicine.
  JURY OF MATRONS.  A jury formed of wo-
men empanelled under a writ de ventre inspiri-
endo, to try the question, whether a woman be
with child or not.
  JUS, Zomos, Zomid'ium, Sorbil'io, Sor'bitum.
Soup, broth, Jus'culum or bouillon.
  Jus Bovinum, Beef-tea—j. Coagulatum, Gelly.
  JUS D'HERBES, (F.)  The  juice of certain
vegetables administered as depuratives; as that
of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil, &c.
  Jus Jelatum, Gelly—/. de Reglisse, see Gly-
cyrrhiza—/. de Viande, see Bouillon.
  JUSCULUM, see Jus.
  JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoscyamus.
  JUSQUIAUME, Hyoscyamus.
  JUSTICIA BIVALVIS, Adulasso—j. Adha-
toda, Adhatoda.
  Justic"ia Ecbol'ium, Carim curini.  A Mala-
bar plant, the root of which, and the leaves, in
decoction, are considered in  the country  to be
lithontriptic.
  Justicia  Pectora'lis.   A AVest India plant,
which is  slightly  astringent.  (F.) Carmantine,
C. Pectorale, Herbe aux Charpentiers.
  JUVANS, Auxilium, Remed'ium.  A medicine
or substance of any kind, which relieves a disor-
der.   An adjuvant.
  JUVENIS, Adolescens.
  JUVENTA, Adolescence, Hebe.
  JUVENTAS, Adolescence, Hebe.
  JUVENTUS, Adolescence, Hebe.
  JUXTAPOSIT"ION,t/aj-f«j3o*i'f"io,from/Hx/a,
'near to,' and ponerc, positum, 'to place.'  The
mode of increase proper to minerals; which con-
sists in the successive application of new mole-
cules upon those that form the primitive nucleus.
It is opposed to intussusception.
rrom the Greek, are found under the tetter C.

 ma aromat'ica,  Zed'oary,  (F.)  Zedoaire rond.
 The roots of this Ceylonese plant have a fragrant
 smell, and warm, bitterish, aromatic taste.  They
 are in wrinkled, gray, ash-coloured, heavy, firm,
 short pieces; of a brownish-red colour  within;
 and are stimulant and carminative.   Dose, ^j to
 3J of the powder.
   According to some, the round zedoary is fur-
 nished by Curcuma zerumbet; the long, Zedodria
 longa, by Cur'cuma zedoa'ria.
   KAHINC.E  RADIX,  Caincae radix.
K. 
KAIB
493
KIDNEY
   KAIB, Kayl.  A word employed by the alche-
mists for sour and coagulated milk.
   KAJEPUT, Cujeput.
   KAKOCHYMIA,  Cacochymia.
   KALI, Potash, Potassa — k. Acetas, Potassae
acetas — k. Aeratum, Potassae carbonas — k. Bi-
chromicuin, Potassae  bichromas —k. Causticum,
Potassa  fusa, — k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa
cum calce—k. Chlorieum, Potassae murias  hyper-
oxygenatus—k. Chromicum acidum, Potassa- bi-
chromas—k.  Chromicum flavum, Potassae bichro-
mas—k. Chromicum rubrum, Potassae bichromas
— k. Chromicum  neutrale,  Potassa; chromas —
k. Ilydriodinicum, see Potassae  hydriodas — k.
Inermis,  see Salsola  kali — k.  Nitricum,  Po-
tassa' nitras—k. Oxalicum acidulum, Potassa, ox-
alate of—k. Praeparatum, Potassae subcarbonas
k. Praeparatum e tartaro, see Potash—k. Purum,
Potassa fusa —k. Soda, see Salsola kali—k. Spi-
nosum cochleatuin, Salsola kali—k. Subcarbonas,
Potassae subcarbonas — k. Sulphas, Potassae sul-
phas—k. Sulphuricum, Potassae sulphas—k. Sul-
phuretum, Potassae sulphuretum — k. Tartariza-
tum, Potassae tartras—k. e Tartaro, see Potash—
k. Altriolatum, Potassae sulphas.
   KALICUM HYDRAS, Potassa fusa.
   KALIUM  IODATUM, see Potassae hydriodas
— k. Iodatum Hydrargyratum, Potassii hydrar-
gyro-iodidum.
   KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.   Called after
Kalm, the botanist.  Ivy, Narrow-leaved Kalmia
or Laurel, Dwarf Laurel, Sheep Laurel.  This
plant has the same virtues as K. latifolia.  So
also has
   Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel.
   Kalmia, Broad-Leaved, K. latifolia.
   Kalmia Latifo'lia,  Broad-leaved Kalmia,
 Calico  bush,  Laurel, Mountain Laurel, Rose Lau-
rel, Big Ivy,  Spoon wood, Lambkill, Sheep-poison,
Broad-leared Laurel.  This plant kills sheep and
other animals.  The  Indians  use it as a poison.
The powdered leaves have been applied success-
fully in tinea capitis; and a decoction of it has
been used for the itch.  The powder, mixed with
lard, has been applied in herpes.
   Kalmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia.
   KALO. Arum  esculentum.
   KAMl'IIUR, Camphor.
   KAPIIUR, Camphor.
   KARABE,  Asphaltum.
   KARABITUS, Phrenitis.
   KA R CINOSEN, Carcinoses.
   KARENA,  Carena.
   KASSADER,  Convolvulus panduratus.
   KASSAUDER,  Convolvulus Panduratus.
   KATASARCA. Anasarca.
   KATASTALTICA, Astringents.
   KAVA, Ava.
   KAATAC. Caviare.
   KAYL, Kaib.
   KEITA, Monsonia ovata.
   KELOID, Cancroid.
   KELOTOMIA, Celotomia.
   KELP, Varec.   The  impure  mineral  alkali
obtained by burning certain  marine plants.  See
Soda.
   KENXELAVORT, Scrophularia nodosa.
   KENTUCKY,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
The  Olympian Springs in this  state are near the
Sources of Licking River.  There  are three diffe-
rent kinds, in the  space of half a mile.  One of
them is saline, impregnated with sulphur;—ano-
ther  is chalybeate, and  a third  a sulphureous
spring.  In various parts of Kentucky, there are
saline waters, which   are frequented  by inva-
lids.   The Salines  at Bigbone, formerly  em-
ployed in the manufacture of salt,  are now re-
sorted to.  A spring, near Harrodsburg, in Mercer
 County, is strongly impregnated with sulphate of
 magnesia,
   KERATITIS, Ceratitis.
   KERATO-GLOSSUS, Cerato-glossus.
   KERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membranitis.
   KERATONYXIS, Ceratonvxis.
   K E R A T 0- PHARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn-
 geus.
   KERATO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cerato-staphyli-
 nus.
   KERATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife, cata-
 ract
   KERMES,  Chermes, Alkermes.  One  of  the
 species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak,
 and is called Coccus ilicis, Kermes animal, Coc-
 cum, Cocci granum, Coccum baph'icum seu infec-
 to'riiim, tincto'rum, scarlati'num, &c.  The oak,
 to which allusion  has  been made, is known by
 botanists under the name Quercns coccif'era, and
 grows abundantly in  the uncultivated lands  of
 southern France, Spain, and in the islands of the
 Grecian Archipelago.   The kermes inhabiting it
 has the appearance of a small, spherical, inani-
 mate  shell.   Its colour is reddish-brown, and it
 is covered with  a slightly ash-coloured dust.
 This is the kermes of the shops.   It is now only
 used in dyeing;   but  was formerly reputed  to
 possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, and
 other virtues.
   Kermes Mineral, see Antimonii sulphuretum
 praeeipitatum.
   KERNEL, Tubercle.
   KERNELS, AVAXING, see Waxing kernels.
   KERUA, Ricinus communis.
   KETCHUP, Catchup.  A pickle prepared from
 the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, tomato,  <fec.
   KETMIA  ^EGYPTIACA, Hibiscus  abelmos-
 chus.
   KEY, Sax. caej, Clavis, Cleis, Clavis An'glica,
 (F.) Clef de Garangeot.  An instrument, used for
 extracting  teeth.   It  consists of a firm handle,
 with a claw  at right  angles to it,  and moving
 upon a pivot  This claw embraces the tooth.  It
 has undergone several modifications, and hence
 various instruments are used under this denomi-
 nation.  The French have the Clef d pompe, Clef
 a pivot, and Clef d noix.
   KEYRI  CHEIRI, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   KHALA MIMUC, Bit noben.
   KIASTER, Chi aster, from xta^etv, 'to cross.'
 A species of bandage,  having the  form  of  the
 Greek letter x? which  the ancients  used for ap-
 proximating, and  maintaining  in contact,  the
 fragments of the patella, in  cases of fracture of
 that bone.  It was applied in the  form of  the
 figure 8.
  KIBISTITOME, Cystitome.
  KIDNEY.  Its  etymology is uncertain.  Sere-
nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, quid, the
 belly; and nigh, (quasi, quidney.)  Ren, Nephros,
 Protme'sis, (F.) Rein.   The kidneys or reins are
 the secretory organs of the urine.  They are two
glands, situate deeply,—the one on the right, and
the other on the left side,—in the hypochondres:
at the sides of the  lumbar vertebrae ; behind the
peritoneum: and  in the midst of an abundant,
fatty areolar tissue, Tu'nica adipo'sa.  The kid-
ney is of a reddish-brown  colour; oval form;
and flattened on two surfaces.  It has, at its  in-
ternal margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal
vessels and nerves enter or quit the organ, and
the ureter issues.   It resembles, pretty accurate
ly, the haricot or kidney-bean.  Two substances
are readily distinguishable in it;—the outer, se-
cerning, cortical, glandular or vascular, Substan-
tia cortica'lis, S. glandulo'sa, whieh  secretes the
urine; and the inner, tubular, medullary, urini.
fcrous, conoidal or radiated, Substantia  •nedul- 
KIESTEINE
494
KXEE
la'ris, •<?. Tubulo'sa, S. Fibro'sa, which  appears
under the form of small cones or unequal papilla,
each resulting from the union of small  capillary
tubes, adherent by one  of their extremities to the
cortical substance;  and opening, by the  other, at
the summit of the cone, into calices, a species of
membranous  tubes, more  or less numerous, which
transmit the  urine of the papillae to the pdvis.
By the pelvia  is  meant a small, membranous
sac, of an irregularly oval  shape, at the base of
which are the orifices of the calices, and the other
extremity of which is continuous with the ureter.
The kidney is surrounded by a fibrous membrane
proper to it, Perineph'rua.  It has been  shown by
Mr. Bowman and others that the renal  artery is
distributed  to the corpora Malpighiana, where
the watery portion of the urine is  separated.
 The blood then becomes venous, and is distribu-
 ted by different veins—portal veins of the kidney
 — to the convoluted  tubes through which the
 proper urine is secreted. Hence the blood passes
 into  the  renal  vein.   The intermediate vessels
 between the Malpighian bodies and the convo-
 luted tubes,  have been termed the Portal System
 of the Kidney.
    Kidney, Bright's  Disease  of the, Morbus
 Bright'ii, M. albuminen'sis, Nephritis albumino'-
 sa, Neph'ria,  Uroze'mia albumino'aa,  Cachec'tic
 nephritis. Nephritis socia'ta, Asso'ciated nephri-
 tis, Inflammation of the Malpig'hian cor'puscles,
 Disease of  Bright,  Gran'ular  Degeneration or
 Disorganizdtion of the Kidney, Grtmular  Kid-
 ney of Bright,  (F.) Maladie de Bright, Nephrite
 albumineuse, Etat Granuleux  ou Degenerescence
 qranutee du Rein, Albuminurorrhee.  A granular
 disease of the cortical part of the kidney, which
 gives occasion  to the  secretion of urine that con-
 tains albumen, and is of less specific gravity than
 natural, and which  destroys by inducing  other
 diseases.  It was first  described by  Dr. Bright
  of London.
    Kidney,  Granular,  of  Bright, Kidney,
  Bright's disease of the.
    KI'ESTEINE, Ki'estein, properly Ky'eeteine,
  Ky'estein, Kystein, Cy'esteine or Cy'estein, from
  xvetv,  ' to be pregnant,' and cadns, ' a garment or
  pellicle.'   A peculiar  pellicle,  which  forms on
  the urine  of  a pregnant female  when allowed
  to  stand for a  few  days.  It is whitish, opa-
  lescent, slightly  granular,  and  may be com-
  pared to the fatty substance that swims on the
  surface of soups,  after they have been allowed to
  cool.   AVhen  taken in  conjunction  with other
  phenomena, it is  a valuable aid in the diagnosis
  of early pregnancy.
     KIESTIN'IC, Kiestin'icus ; same etymon. Re-
  lating or appertaining to kiesteine ; as ' kiestinic

   ""kILBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
   These springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohy-
   dric  acid;  carbonates of lime,  magnesia, and
   iron; sulphates of soda,  lime, and magnesia, and
   chloride of sodium.
     KILOGRAMME, Chiliogram'ma, frorn ^iXiot,
    'a thousand,' and  ypappa,  'a gramme.'  The
    weight of a  thousand grammes; — two pounds
    eight ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains,

    Tr°y-                           ,            j
      KILOLITRE, from xiAtot> 'a thousand,' and
    >iTpa, ' a litre.' A measure containing a thousand
    litres.
      KINA  KIXTA, Cinchona.
      KIN AN CI E, Cynanche.
      KINCOUGH, Pertussis.
      KIXDCOUGH, Pertussis.
      Kl'SESIF' ATE.Y ,Kine8itherapi'a, from xtvnats,
    'motion,' and nados, 'disease.' A mode of treating
    aisease by gymnastics or appropriate movements.
  KINETIC, Motory.
  KIXGCURE, Pyrola maculata.
  KIXG'S  EVIL, Scrofula.
  KIXICI  ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of.
  KINIXUM, Quinina.
  KIXK IN THE  HEAD, see Insanity.
  KIXKIXA, Cinchona.
  KINO, Gummi Gambien'ae,  Gummi rubrum od-
atrin'gena Gambien'se, African kino, Eaat India
kino, Amboy'na kino, Gummi adstrin'gens Fothcr-
gilli.  The trees, whence one variety of this resin
'is obtained, are not botanic-ally ascertained.  Tho
London college ascribe it to Pterocar'pus erind-   .
cea ; the Edinburgh to Eucalyp'tus  resin if'era,
Metroaide'roa gummifera ; and the Dublin to Bu-
tea f rondo'sa.   The Pharmacopoeia of the United
States, (1842,) defines it to be "an  extract ob-
tained from  an uncertain  plant;" that of  1851
states it to be the inspissated juice of Pterocarp'ua
marau'pium (De  Candolle) and of other plants.
On wounding the bark, the kino flows drop  by
drop.  A West India variety is said to be derived
from Coccoloba uvifera or Sea-aide  Grape ; and
a Botany  Bay kino is said to be  the concreto
juice of Eucalyp'tua reeinif'era or brown gum-tree
of New  Holland.   Sex. Syst. Icosandria Mono-
 gynia.   Nat.  Ord. Myrtaceae.  Kino consists
 chiefly of  tannic and gallic acids, oxide of iron,
 and colouring matter.  It is inodorous; the taste a
 sweetish bitter;  and it is sometimes gritty  be-
 tween the teeth.   It comes to us in fragments of
 a dark ruby red colour, and is easily pulverized.
 Its properties are powerfully astringent.   Dose,
 gr. x to gr. xx in powder.
    KIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy.
    KI'OTOME, Kiot'ornus, from  xiwv, 'a pillar,
  'support,' and repveiv, 'to cut'   (F.)  Coupebride.  ,
  An instrument invented by Desault, to cut  any
  accidental brides or filaments in the rectum  and
  bladder; and which he afterwards used for the
  removal of the tonsils.  It is composed of  a  flat,
  silver sheath, open at one edge.  This sheath is
  provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced
  through the opening, and thus all the parts  can be
  divided with which it comes in contact.
    KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.  •
    KIRATE.  A weight of four grains, according
  to Blancard.
    KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL CERATE,   see
  Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral.
    KIRRHONOSIS, Cirrhonosis.
    KIRRHOSIS,  Cirrhonosis.
    KIRSCHAVASSER, (G.) ' Cherry water.
  An  alcoholic liquor,  obtained  from cherries
  bruised with their stones, by subjecting them to
  distillation, after having caused them to ferment
   See Spirit.
     KISSINGEN, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
   These  Bavarian springs have been long frequent-
   ed.  There are three, — two chalybeate, and one
   alkaline and acidulous.
     KIST.  A weight of 14  grains.—Paracelsus.
     KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas.
     KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM, see Cad-
   mii sulphas.
     KLEPTOMA'NIA, Cleptomdiiia, Klopema'-
   nia,  Clopemania; from  xltirrw,  ' I steal,' and
   mania.  Insanity, with an irresistible propensity .
   to steal.
     KLIPDAS, see Hyrax Capensis.
     KLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania,
     KNARESBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS
    OF, see Harrogate, mineral waters of.
     KNEADING, Shampooing.
     KNEE, Genu.
      Knee, Housemaid's.   An inflammation of the
    bursa, which in most individuals is in front of the
    patella, and is apt to inflame and enlarge from 
                KNEE-JOINT

effusion in those in whom it is subjected to much
pressure.  Hence its name.  It is a form of cap-
sular rheumatism.
  K NT!E-JOINT, Genu.
  KNEE-SCAB, Crusta genu equinae—k. Encir-
cled hoof, Crusta genu equinae.
  K X I F E.   S.ix. cnip.   Swed.  K n i f.   Dan.
K n i v.   ( F.) Can if. Culter, Smile,  Cultellus, To-
melon,  Tome'us, Macha'ra, Macha'rion, Macha'-
ris, (P.) I'onteau.  A cutting instrument, used in
surgery to divide the soft parts, and which only
differs  from the bistouri or scalpel in  being usu-
ally larger.
  The  most common knives are the following:
  Knife, Amputa'tiON, (F.) Coutean  d amputa-
tion, C.  droit, Culter rectus.  This is the  largest
of the  knives used in surgery.  Formerly, they
were curved; now they are straight, and pro-
vided with one or two edges.
  Knife, Cat'aract, Ceratot'omus, KeratoV'ornus,
(F.) Couteau  A cataracte.   The  cataract knives
of Richter, AVenzel, AVard, and others, being  in-
tended to perform the section of the transparent
cornea,  are so shaped as to exactly fill the small
wound made by them; and thus to prevent the
discharge of the aqueous hnmour,  until the sec-
tion is completed.   The blade of the knives of
AVenzel and AVard resembles  a very narrow lan-
cet, blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its
edges.   The blade of that of Richter is pyrami-
dal, cutting through the whole length of its  in-
ferior edge, and also blunt in  the  five-sixths of
the upper.
  Knife, Ciies'elden's.  A  knife  with  a fixed
handle;  very convex on ite edge, concave on the
back, which was used by Cheselden in lithotomy.
  Knife, Crooked, Culter falcdtus, Culter cur-
rus, (F.) Couteau  courbe.  A knife, which  is
crooked and concave on its cutting edge.   It was
formerly employed in amputation of the limbs.
  Knife, Crotchet, Cultellus uncus,  (F.) Cou-
teau d crochet.   A steel instrument, composed of
a round staff, furnished with a handle at one ex-
tremity, and  at  the other with a  curved knife.
It was  formerly used to cut to pieces  monstrous
foetuses in utero, and to open the head when ne-
cessary.
  Knife, Double-Edged, Anceps cultellus, Am-
phis'mela, Ampin's'niile, Catling, (F.) Couteau d
deux tranchans, Couteau desarticulateur, C. inter-
osseux.  A knife, the blade of which  is straight
and sharp on both sides.  It is used for disarti-
culating bones; and for cutting the  soft  parts
situate between  the bones, in amputation of the
leg  and forearm.
  KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE,  (F.)  Couteau  en
serpette.  A sort of knife, of the shape of a ser-
pctte or  pruning-knife, invented by Desault for
dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus,
for  the purpose of extracting fungi from it.
  Knife, Lentic'ular, Culter lenticuldris, (F.)
Coutean lenticulaire. An instrument, used in the
operation of trepanning, for removing inequalities
in the  inner table of the skull, which may have
been left by the  crown of the trephine  around
the  opening made by it.  It is formed of a len-
ticular button, fixed at tho extremity of an iron
staff, which  is convex  on one side, flat  on the
other;  sharp at both edges, and mounted  on  an
ebony handle.
  Knife, Lithot'omy, (F.) Couteau lithotome.  A
name, given by Foubert  to  a large  knife, the
narrow blade of which, four  and a half inches
in length, was  sharp in its whole extent, and
made an obtuse angle with the handle. He used
it in the lateral operation.
  Knife, Root-cutting.  In Pharmacy, a knife
moving  on  a joint at its pointed extremity,  by
15                KUTUBUTH

 which roots  and other ligneous matters are  di.
 vided in pharmaceutical processes.
   KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
   KNOT, Tubercle.
   Knot, Packer's,  (F.) A'crud  d'emballeur.   A
 compressive  bandage, used for arresting hemor-
 rhage  from the temporal artery or its branches.
 The noeud d'emballeur is made with a  double-
 headed roller, five ells  long.   A graduated com-
 press is placed  over the opening  in the artery,
 and the bandage is  applied over it; the  balls of
 the roller being carried horizontally round to  the
 opposite temple, where they are crossed obliquely
 and carried back to  the part where the compress
 is situate.  The hands are then changed with  the
 rollers, crossing them so as to form a knot, and
 taking  one above the head;  the  other beneath
 the chin.  They are then crossed again,  so as to
 form several knots,  one above the other.  This
 bandage is called, by  some  surgeons, Solar or
 oblique chevestre or capistritm.
   Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  chirur'gicus,  (F.)
 Nwud du  chirurgien.   A double knot made by
 passing the thread twice through the same noose.
 This knot is used frequently in the ligature of
 arteries, the  umbilical cord, <fec.
   KNOTBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus.
   KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare.
   KXOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis.
   KXOTWEED, Collinsonia Canadensis, Poly-
 gonum aviculare.
   KNOAVLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  AV.
 Order, Ranunculaceae.   An acrid plant of South
 Africa, used by the  Cape colonists as a blister in
 rheumatism.
   KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm.
   KOLERUS, a name  given by Paracelsus to a
 dry ulcer.
   KOLPORRIIAPHYT, Elytrorrhaphy.
   KOLTO, Plica.
   KOOCIILA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica.
   KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia.
   KORIS, Cimex.
   KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
   KOUMIS, Kumyss.
   KRAME'RIA, Ratan'hia, Rhatan'ia, Ral-
 anhy,  (F.) Ratanhic.   Krameria,  Krameria  tri-
 andra, — Sex. Syst.  Tetrandria Monogynia, A of.
 Ord. Polygaleae,—is a native of Java.  The root
 has a bitter taste: and is astringent, diuretic, and
 detergent  Dose, *)j to £.j.
   Krame'ria Ixi'na or Ratanhy of the  Antilles
 has similar virtues.
   KREASOTON, Creasote.
   KREATIC NAUSEA, see Nausea.
   KREATINE, Creatine.
   KREATININE,  see  Creatine.
   KREOSOTOX, Creasote.
   KRETIXISMUS. Cretinism.
   KRIEBELKRANKHEIT, Convulsio cer-
 ealis.
   KUA KAHA, Curcuma longa,
   KUMYSS,  Koumyss, Koumis.  A beverage
 used in families by the  people of Yakutz.   It
 resembles sour buttermilk, without being greasy.
 According to Sir George Simpson, it is prepared
 in a very simple way from mare's milk, which is
 merely allowed  to stand for  some days in a lea-
 thern churn till it becomes sour.  It is then bot-
 tled for use.  This drink is rather nutritious than
 exhilarating; but from the  same  material  the
 Burats  and the Kirghez prepare an intoxicating
 spirit in which they  indulge to excess.
   KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus.
   KUTKULEJA, Cassalpinia bonducella.
   KUTOOKURUNJA,  Caesalpinia bonducella.
   KUTUBUTH. An Arabic name for a species
 of melancholy in which the patient is never quiet
4< 
KYANOSIS                49
at any one  place, but wanders  about here and
there.  Also, the name of an insect, which lives
at the surface  of stagnant  waters, and  is in a
constant state of agitation.   Some lexicographers
imagine that it is on account of ffhis last  circum-
stance, that the name of the insect has been given
to the disease.
  KYANOSIS, Cyanopathy.
  KYA PUTTY, Caieput
  KYESTEINE, Kiesteine.
  KYE.-TINIC,  Kiestinic.
  KYLLO'SIS, from  xvllos,  'crooked,' 'lame.'
Cyllo'sis.  Professor Chaussier so calls congenital
distortion of the feet, Clubfoot, Talipes, (F.) Pied
bot.   Of this there  are many varieties.   In one,
the foot, instead of resting on  the soil, by  the
whole  plantar  surface, touches it only with  the
metatarso-phalangian articulations.  It seems as
if turned backwards  and broken upon  the  leg,
(Pes seu  Talipes Equlnus, Hip'popus,  Oxypo'-
dia.)   In  other cases  the foot  is twisted in-
wards, ( Varus, Talipes varus, Blasop'odes, Bia'-
sopus,  Cylloepus, Cyllop'oda,  Cyllopod'ion, Lo'-
ripes,  (F.) Cagneux,) so  that it rests only on the
ground on its  outer edge;  or it may be twisted
outwards, ( Valgus,  Talipes Valgus,) or rest only
on its inner edge.  In the  flatfoot or splayfoot,
Duck-foot, Sar'apus, Plat'ypus, Platypod'ia, (F.)
Pied plat, the  plantar surface of the  foot is flat-
tened instead of being concave.
  These deformities are rarely accidental.  They
are almost always  congenital, and may be rec-
tified, at an  early period, by proper mechanical
means to  strengthen  the foot gradually and re-
store it to its proper shape and direction; and if
these means fail, the tendons and  muscles con-
cerned in  the deformity may be divided.
  KYMOGRAPH'ION;  from xvpa, 'wave,'and
ypaipw, 'I describe.'  'A  wave describer  or mea-
surer.'  An   instrument  invented  by  Ludwig,
which  is self-registering, and exhibits the rela-
  LABARIUM, from labi, 'to fall.'  Looseness
of tho teeth.
  LABDACISMUS, Lallation.
  LABDAA1EN. Cistus  creticus.
  LABDANUM, see Cistus creticus.
  LABE, lapfiavw,  'I seize,' 'I take,' 'the act of
grasping.'  Invasion.  Also, employed to denote
the first paroxysm of fevers.—Galen, Hippocrates.
  LABEO, Chilon.
  LABES, Chilon, Macula.
  LABIA CUNNI, Lips of the vulva—1. Interna
seu Minora,  Nymphae—1. Majora, Lips  of  the
vulva — 1. Pudendi, Lips  of the vulva — 1. Pu-
dendi minora, Nymphae.
  LABIAL, Labia lis, from labium, 'a lip.'
  LABIAL, Orbicularis oris.
  Labial Artery.  Haller and Sabatier call thus
the facial artery of the majority of anatomists.
The  labial arteries, properly so called, coronary
arteries of the lips, (F.)  Coronaires des levres, are
two  in number.  The superior arises  from  the
facial, above, and very close to, the commissure
of the lips.  It is large  and tortuous, and  is dis-
tributed to the upper lip.  The lower arises from
the facial, at  a considerable distance from  the
commissure, and proceeds, in a serpentine course,
into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is
distributed.
  Labial Glands.   This name is given to a mul-
16                LABORIOUS

tion between the waves of the pulse ani the un-
dulations produced  by respiration.  (Mailer's.
Archiv., 1847, s. 242.)
   KYNA, Pastinaca opoponax.
   KYPHOSIS,  see Cyphosis—k. Inflammatoria,
Vertebral disease — k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis-
ease.
   KYST, Cyst, Kystis,  Cystis,  from xvans,  'a
bladder,' 'pouch.'  (F.) Kyste.  This term is ge-
nerally applied to a pouch or  sac,— Cysta'ma,—
without opening, and commonly of a membranous
nature, which is accidentally developed in one of
the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs.
Many theories have been  successively emitted  to
explain  the formation of  cysts, but none are en-
tirely satisfactory.  Some  are formed by a thin,
translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick-
ness  of the arachnoid; others of a whitish, fihro-
cellular membrane, more or  less  thick.  Some
contain cartilaginous or bony flakes.   The greater
part  have but one cavity;  others, on  the contrary,
have several, separated by complete or imperfect
septa, as is frequently seen in those  developed in
the  ovaries.  The matter contained in  cysts is
sometimes limpid, serous, yellowish white, red-
dish, and, at others, more or  less thick, albumi-
nous, adipous, or caseous.  The tumour, formed
by them, is called Encysted.
   K YS TE, Kyst — k. Anevrysmal, Aneurismal
sac.
   KYSTEIN, Kiesteine.
   KYSTHITIS, Cyathi'tia, from xvo%s,  'the va-
gina.'  Inflammation  of  the  vulva  and of the
mucous membrane of the vagina.
   KYSTHOPTO'SIS, from xvo%s, the 'vagina,'
and imrrw, ' I fall.' Prolapsus or inversion  of the
vagina.
   KYTTARRHAG'TA, from  irvrraptov, 'an alve-
olus,' and pnywpi, 'I break forth.'  Discharge  of
blood from an alveolus.
titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round,
prominent, and separate from each other, which
are found on the inner surface of the lips, below
the mucous membrane.
  Labial Veins are distinguished, like the arte-
ries, into auperior and inferior.  They  open into
the facial vein;—a division of the internal jugular.
  LABIALIS, Orbicularis oris.
  LABIDOMETER, Labimeter.
  LABIM'ETER,  (F.)  Ldbimetre ou Labidomi-
tre, from la0is, lafitbos, ' forceps,' and ptrpov,
'measure.'  A scale adapted  to  the handles of
the forceps, which indicates  the  distance of the
blades from each other, when applied to the head
of the child in utero.
  LABIS, Forceps.
  LABIUM, Lip — 1. Leporinum, Harelip — 1.
Uteri,  Amphideum.
  LABLAB, Dolichos lablab.
  LABORANS, Sick.
  LABORATOIRE, Laboratory.
  LABORATORIUM,  Laboratory— 1. Chymi-
cum seu pharmaceuticum, Pharmacopoeia.
  LAB'ORATORY, Laborato'riurn, Ergaete'rion,
(F.) Laboratoire,  from  laborare,  'to work.'   A
work-shop.   A place for preparing chemical or
pharmaceutical products, <fcc.
  LABORIOSUS, Sick.
  LABO'RIOUS.   Delivery  is said to be labo-
L. 
LABOUR                497               LACHRYMAL
rions, Partus  laborio'eua, Mogoatoc'ia, (F.) Ac-
couchement laborieux, when attended with more
difficulty and suffering than usual.   AVith some,
laborious  labour means one that requires the use
of instruments.   See Dystocia.
  LABOUR, Parturition.
  Labour ('hair,  Obstdric chair.   A chair, in
which a parturient woman is  placed during de-
livery.
  Labour, Difficult, Dystocia—1. Dry, Partus
siccus — 1. Morbid, Dystocia—1. Pains, see  Pains
— 1. Powerless, see Parturition — 1.  Premature,
Parturition, (premature)—1. Preternatural, Meta-
tocia, see  Parturition—1. Show, see Parturition.
  LABRISULCIUM,  Cheilocace, Stomacace.
  LAUKUM,  Lip — 1. Cerebri, Infundibulum of
the brain.
  LABRUSCA, Bryonia alba.
  LAB'YRINTH,  Labyrinth'us,  Antrum biicci-
no'eum.  A  place,  full of turnings, the exit of
which is  not  easily discoverable.   Anatomists
have given this name to the aggregate of parts,
constituting the  internal ear,  Labydntllus auria
in'tima,  In'tima pars or'ganl audi'tWe, Laby-
rinth'ic carity of  the ear.  The Labyrinth is
situate between the tympanum and meatus audi-
torius internus.  It is composed of  several ca-
vities, which communicate with each other in the
dried bone; as the  vestibule, cochlea, semicircular
canals, <tc.  It is lined  by periosteum, and also
by  a pulpy  membrane, constituting tho membra-
nous  labyrinth, on which the auditory nerve is
regularly  dispersed.  This membrane forms two
Flics in the vestibule, called  sac'cuius vestib'uli
and aac'culua, respectively, which  resemble  in
t-hape that of  the bony cavities containing them.
Each sac  contains calcareous matter, constituting
the Otolithea  and  Otoconies.  AVhen the sac is
laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a par-
tilion appears, partaking of the nature of the sac,
nnd called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervo'ao-
membrandceum.
   Labyrinth, Membranous, see  Labyrinth.
   LABYRINTHIC CAVITY  OF   THE  EAR,
Labyrinth.
   LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth—1.  Auris  Inti-
niae, see Labyrinth.
   LAC,  Milk, Lacca — 1. Ammoniaci,  Mistura
ammoniaci—1. Amygdalae, Emulsio amygdalae —
1. Asat'ietidae,  Mistura asafoetidae—1. Avis, Albu-
men ovi — 1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci — 1. Gum,
Lacca—1. Lunae,  Marga Candida—1. Maris, Sperm
— 1.  Primum  Puerperae,  Colostrum — 1.  Seed,
Lacca—1. Shell,  Lacca—1. Stick, Lacca—1. Sul-
phuris,  Sulphur  praeeipitatum — 1.  Terrae, Mag-
nesia? carbonas — 1. Arirginis, Virgin's milk.
   LACCA, from  lakah, Arab.   Gummi lacca,
Stick-lac, Gum-lac,  Seed-lac,  Shell-lac, (F.)
Laque.   Lac is a substance formed by an insect,
and deposited on different species of trees, chiefly
in the East  Indies, — for example, on Croton lac-
rif'erum,  and  two species of Ficus, — Ficua reli-
g'io'aa, and  F. In'dica.   The various kinds, dis-
tinguished in  commerce, are  stick-lac, which is
the substance in its natural state, investing the
small twigs of the tree: and seed-lac, which is
the same broken off.  AVhen  melted, it is called
shell-lac.
   Lac was,  at one time,  used in the form of tinc-
ture, as a tonic and astringent; and it still forms
part of particular dentifrices.
   LACERATION, Laccrdtio, Rhege, Rheg'mus,
Rhegma.  Ruptu'ra, Rupture,  from lacerare, 'to
teir:' — Dilacerdtio.  Sparag'ma. (F.) Arrache-
ment, ]>cchireinent,Dilaceratioii, Broiement.  The
act of tearing or rending.  The breach made by
tearin" or rending ; as a lacerated wound, Tresis
vulnus°!acertltum, Laceratu'ra, Vulnus laceratum.
  LACERATURA, see Laceration.
  LACERTA, Lizard — 1. Aquatica, see Ectozoa.
  LACERTI CORDIS, Columnae carneae —1.
Musculorum,  see Muscular fibre.
  LACERTULI CORDIS, Columnae carneae.
  LACERTUS, Brachium, see Muscular fibre.
  LACERUM.  Same etymon  as Laceration.
Any thing torn, or appearing as if torn.
  Lac"erum  Fora'men  Ante'rius, (F.) Trou
dechire  anterieur, Hiatus spheno-petreux, (Ch.)
is an irregular opening, formed by the  sphenoid
and petrous portion  of  the temporal bone.   This
foramen  transmits the third,  fourth,  and sixth
pairs of nerves and the first branch of the fifth
pair to the eye and its appendages.
  Lacerum Foramen  Poste'rius, Foramen ju-
gvla're, F. lacerum  in Basj  Cra'nii,  (F.)  Trou
dechire posterieur, Hiatus occipito-petreux, (Ch.)
is formed by  the occipital bone, and the inferior
edge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
Through it, the internal jugular vein,  the eighth
pair of  nerves, and accessory nerve pass out of
the cranium.
  LACTIESIS PICTA, see Arrow-poison.
  Lachesis Rhombea'ta, Flammon.  A poison-
ous serpent common in tho lower forests of Peru.
  LACURA'MA,  Tear; see, also, Aritis vinifera.
  LACIPRYMAL,  Lacryma'lis, from  lacryma,
'a tear.'   Belonging to the tears.  This  epithet
is given to various parts.
  Lachrymal  Artery proceeds  from the oph-
thalmic ; and distributes its principal branches to
the lachrymal gland.
  .Lachrymal  Canal  or Duct, Nasal Canal or
duct, Cana'lis lacryma'lis, Canalis or'bita 'nasa'-
lis, Ductus nasa'lis orbita, Cmndlis sacci lacryma'-
lis,  Ductus ad Nasuni,  is formed by the superior
maxillary bone, os unguis, ahd os  turbinatum in-
ferius ; and is seated in the outer paries of the
nasal fossae.  It is lined by a  prolongation of the
mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac;  and its
inferior orifice is furnished with a valvular dupli-
cature.  This  duct transmits the' tears, which have
been absorbed at the great angle  of the  eye by
the puncta lacrymalia, into the nasal fossae.
  Lach'rymal Caruncle, see Caruncula lacry-
malis.
  Lachrymal Fossa, Fossa seu Fo'vea lacryma'-
lis,  is a slight depression at the upper part of the
orbit, which lodges  the lachrymal gland.
  Lachrymal  Gland, Glan'dula lacryma'lis seu
innomina'ta Gale'ni, is seated in a depression of
the frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and  outer
part of  that  orbit.   It is of about the size of an
almond; and of  an oval  shape, flattened above
and below :—its great diameter being the antero-
posterior.  It is composed of several small lobules,
united by areolar tissue,  and  separated by it as
well as by vessels and  nerves which creep in the
intervals.  This gland has seven or eight excre-
tory ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid.
Its use is to secrete the tears, and pour them on
the globe of the eye by the excretory ducts.
  Lachrymal  Groove, (F.) Gouttiere lacrymale,
is the bony channel, which lodges the lachrymal
sac.  It is seated at the anterior and  inner  part
of the orbit,  and is formed by the os unguis and
the ascending process of the upper jaw bone.
  Lachrymal Hernia, Lachrymal Tumour, Her'-
nia Sacci Lacryma'lis, is when the tears enter the
puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumu-
late.  By Anel, this was called Dropsy of the La-
chrymal Sac.
  Lachrymal  Nerve  is the smallest of the three
branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve..  It ia
distributed, particularly, to the lachrymal gland
and to the upper eyelid.   In its course it  givei
off a 82)hcno-maxillai-y  and a malar £lui~c:.t. 
LACHRYMATIO
498
LACUNA
  Lachrymal Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta.
  Lachrymal Passages,  Via lacrym'a'lcs, (F.)
Voiee lacrymalea.   The organs concerned  in the
secretion of tears, in  spreading  them over the
eye, and taking them up again to transmit them
into  the  nasal fossae.   The  lachrymal passages
are composed of the lachrymal gland, caruncle,
puncta, ducta, lachrymal sac, and naaal duct.
  Lachrymal Puncta, Puncta Lacryma'lia, Spi-
rant'ina  Palpebrarum, (F.) Pointstlacrymaux,
are two small, round,  and contractile openings,
situate in the centre of a tubercle or papilla, Pa-
pilla lacryma'lis, Tuber'cnlum  lacrymdle, about
a line aud a half distant from the inner commis-
sure of the eyelids, and continuous with the la-
chrymal ducts.  These ducts, Lacrymdlcs Cana-
lic'uli, Candles seu Huctua  lacrymdlea,  Ductus
lacrymales latera'lcs,D. puncto'rum lacryma'lium,
Cor'nua lacryma'lia seu Hind cum, Collie" ia punc-
to'rum lacryma'lium,  Canalic'uli  limdeum, Cor-
nua Limdcum, (F.) Conduits lacrymaux, are two
in number — a superior and  an inferior — which
extend from the puncta to the lachrymal  sac.
They seem formed by a very delicate prolonga-
tion  of the conjunctiva, which is continuous with
the mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac,  (F.)
Reservoir des larmes : — the  Saccus seu Sinus seu
Lacus lacryma'lis, Dacryocys'tia, Infundib'ulum
lacrymdle, Saccus lacryma'lis.
   Lachrymal Tubercle, see Lachrymal puncta.
   Lachrymal ArEiNs  accompany the artery of
the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and
palpebral veins.
   LACHRYMATIO,  Epiphora.  Also, a profuse
secretion of tears from any cause: — weeping,
Fletits, Flora.'tio, Plora'tus.
   LACINLE TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
Fallopian.
   LAC IS, Plexus.
   LACMUS TINCTORIUS, Lichen roccella.
   LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove.
   LACQ, Laqueus.
   LAC RIM A, Tear.
   LACRUMA, Tear.
   LACRYMA, Tear.
   LACTANS. Nurse.
   LACTATION, Lactdlio,Theldaia,Thelaa'mue,
from lacteo, (lac, 'milk,) ' I suckle,' ' I give milk.'
Suckling: — the giving of ancle, (F.) Allaitement.
The  French make four varieties of lactation.
1. Allaitement  maternel — Maternal Lactation,
when the mother suckles the child. 2. A. etranger
mercenaire, — when another suckles it.  3. A. ar-
tificiel, when the  child is brought up by hand.
4. A. animal, when the child is  suckled  by an
animal.
   LACTEALS, Chyliferous  vessels.
   LACTENS. Sucking child.
   LACTES, Mesentery, Pancreas.
   LACTEUS, Lac-tic.
   LACTIC,  Lac'teua,  Galac'ticua, Galac'tinua,
milky, from lac, 'milk.'  Appertaining to milk.
   Lactic Acid, Ac"idum Lac'teum, Acid of milk,
Acidum Lactis,  (F.) Acide  Lactique.  This has
been recommended as a therapeutical agent in
atonic dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to
be one of the gastric acids secreted in health. It
is given either in the form of  lemonade  or of
lozenges.  The acid is obtained either from milk
or from  the juice of the red  beet
   LACTICA, Typhoid.
   LACTICANS,  Nurse.
   LACTICINTA, Parotid.
   LACTIFERE, Lactiferous.
   LAC-TIF'EROUS,  Galactoph'oroua, Lac'tifer,
(F.) Lactifere, from lac,' milk,' andfcro, 'I carry.'
Milk-conveying.
   Lactiferous A'essels, Lactiferous Ducts, Tub'-
 uli lactiferi vel Ductus lactiferi  seu  lac'tea, (F.)
Vaisscattx ou conduits lactiflres, are the excre-
tory ducts of the mammary gland.
  Lactiferous or Lacteal  Swelling.  A tu-
mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir Astley
Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk in
one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic
inflammation of the  tube  near the  nipple, with
closure of its aperture, and  obliteration  of the
canal  for an  inch or more.   The tube requires to
be punctured.
  LACTIF'UGA, Lac'tifuge,  from  lac,  'milk,'
and fngo, ' I drive away.'   Medicines which dis-
pel milk.
  LACTIGO, Porrigo larvalis.
  LACTINE, Sugar  of milk.
  LACTIN'IA, from lac, ' milk.' Food prepared
with milk.
  LACTIPOTOR, Galactopotes.
  LACTIS  CONCRETIONES, Infarctus Mam-
mae lacteus.
  LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galactia —1. Re-
tentio, Galactischesis—1. Sanguinolenti  Excretio,
Galactohaemia.
  LACTISUGIUM, Antlia lactea.
  LACTIAERUS, Galactophagous.
  LACTOMETER, Galactometer.
  LACTU'CA, from  lac, 'milk;' so called,  from
its milky juice.   Lactuca Sativa, Lettuce, Garden
Lettuce, Eunu'ehium Meco'nis, Thridax, Cherbas,
(F.) Laitite  ordinaire, is  used as  a wholesome
salad.  The seeds possess a quantity of oil, which,
when formed into an emulsion, has been advised
in ardor urinae, &c.
  The inspissated juice, Lactuca'rium, Thrid'ace,
resembles, in odour and appearance, that of opium,
and is, like it, narcotic, but uncertain.   Dose, gr.
j to x and more.
  Lactuca  Elongata, see L. virosa — 1. Graveo-
lens, L. virosa — 1. Floridana, Mulgedium Flori-
danum.
  Lactuca  Scari'ola,  L.  Sylves'trie,  Scariola,
(F.) Laitite Scariole,  L.  Sanvage, possesses a
stronger degree of bitterness  than L. sativa.  It
has similar virtues with Z.  viroaa.
  Lactuca  Sylvestris, L. scariola—1. Villosa,
Mulgedium  acuminatum.
   Lactuca \tiro'sa, L. graveolens, Strong-scented
Lettuce, (F.) Laitue vireuse.  The odour  of this
plant, the leaves of which are used  in  medicine,
is strongly narcotic, and the  taste bitter.  They
are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient;  and  have
been used in dropsies.   Lactu'ca elongdta,  Wild
Lettuce of the United States,  has been  employed
for L. virosa.
   LACTUCIMEN, Aphthae.
   LACTUCIMINA,  Aphthae.
   LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis.
   LACTUMINA, Aphthae.
   LACU'NA,  Canalic'ulii8, from lacua, 'a lake
or deep ditch.  A Fo8aa or Ditch. A small cavity
in a mucous membrane, the parietes of which  se-
crete a viscid humour.  It is  used synonymously
with  crypt.
   Lacuna,  Crypta,  Fontanella — 1. Cerebri, In-
fundibulum of the brain, Pituitary gland.
   Lacuna seu  Sulcus seu Sul'culus Labii Su-
perioris, Amab'ile, Amato'rium, Philtrum.Phile'-
trum.   The hollow of the upper lip under the nose.
   Lacuna Magna, see Urethra.
   Lacunje, see Urethra.
   LacunjE  of Bone.  Certain dark  stellate spots
with thread-like lines radiating  from them, seen
under a high magnifying power.  These were at
first believed to be solid oaaeoua or bone corpuscles,
 Corpus'cula oa'aium — Corpuaclea of  Purkinje ;
but are now regarded as excavations in the bono
— Sac'cnli  chalieopllori — with minute tubes or
.canaliculi proceeding from them, and  communi-
 cating with the Haversian canals.  The  lacunas 
LACUNAR                499                LAMINA
and canaliciili are fibres concerned in the transit
of nutrient fluid through the osseous tissue.
  Lacunje GiiAAFiA'NiE, L.muco'aa vulva. The
mucous follicles of the vagina.
  Lacuni: Mucos.e Vulva:,  L. Graafianse — 1.
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius, glands of.
  LACU'NAR, Ldqucar,' an arched roof.'  The
roof of a chamber.  Hence,
  Lacu'nar Oh'bitae.  The roof of the orbit.
  Lacunar Ventriculi Quarti Superior, Val-
vula A'icussenii.
  LAC UNE DE  LA  LANGUE, Caecum fora-
men.
  LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac.
  Lac:us  Lauuyma'rum.  A  small space in  the
inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards
which tho tears flow, and at which the triangular
canal formed between the closed lids terminates.
  LA DA, Piper nigrum.
  LADANUM, see Cistus creticus.
  LADENDO, Influenza.
  LADIES MANTLE, Alchemilla.
  LADIES' SLIPPER,  SHOAVY, Cypripedium
spectabile — 1.  Slipper,  stemless, Cypripedium
acaule — 1. Slipper, yellow, Cypripedium luteum.
  LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine pratensis.
  LADRERIE (F.) from ladre, ' a leper.'  (F.)
Leproaerie,  Malnilrerie.   A vulgar  name  for
elephantiasis, or lepra.   Also, an hospital for the
reception of  the  leprous, Leproadrium, Domua
teproadria, Leper hoapital.
  LADYBIRD, Coccinella septempunctata.
  LADYBUG, Coccinella septempunctata.
  LADYCOW, Coccinella septempunctata.
  LADY  CRESPIGNY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae
Aloes et Kinae Kinae.
  Lady  Hesketh's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et
Kinae Kinae.
  Lady  Webster's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et
Kinae Kinae.
  LiEMOPARALYSIS, CEsophagoplegia.
  LiEMOS, Pharynx.
  LjEMOSCIR'RHUS, Cancer pharyn'gis et
ceaoph'agi, Lamosteno'aia seu Dyapha'gia acirrho'-
aa; from latpos,  'the  pharynx or oesophagus.'
Cancer of the pharynx or oesophagus.
  LiEMOSTENOSTS,  Dysphagia  constricta —
1. Scirrhosa, Laenioscirrhus.
  L-ESIO, Lesion.
  L.ETIFICANTTA, from  latifico (latua, and
facio), ' I make glad.'  Medicines formerly used
as cordials, in  depression of spirits, &e.
  LEVIGATE,  Levigation.
  L.EVITAS  INTESTINORUM, Lientery.
  LAGENTOMUM, Harelip.
  LAGNEA,  Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
  LAGNEIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
  LAGNESIS, Furor  Femininus, Nymphoma-
nia— 1. Furor masculinus, Satyriasis — 1. Salaci-
tas, Satyriasis.
  LAGNEUMA, Coition, Sperm.
  LAGNIA, Satyriasis.
  LAGXOSIS, Satyriasis.
  LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip.
  LAGONES. Flanks.
  LAGONOPONOS. Pleurodynia.
  LAGONTOAIUM. Harelip.
  LAGOPHTHAL'MIA, from layos,  'a hare,'
and otpSalpos, 'an eye.'  Lagapbthalmut, Hare's
Eye;  Lepori'nua Oc'ulua, (F.) (Eil de Lievre.  A
vicious arrangement of the upper eyelid, which
is so retracted that it cannot cover the globe of
the  eye during sleep.  It has been asserted that
this condition of tho eyo is natural in the hare
when  asleep.
  LAGOl'HTn.ALMUS,  Lagophthalmia,  Geum
urbanum.                           »
  LAGOSTOMA, Harelip.
  LAICHE, Sarsaparilla Germanica—I. dea So-
blca, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
  LAIT, Milk — I. Adoucissant, Looch ex ovo —
I. d'Anesse, Milk, asses' — I. d'Amandes, Emulsio
amygdalae — /. d'Asafcetida, Mistura asafcetidae
— /. de Beurre, Buttermilk — I. de Brebis, Milk,
ewes' — /.  Caille, Curds — I. de  Chevre,  Milk,
goats' — /. Epanche, L. repandu— I. de  Femme,
Milk,  human — I. de Jument, Milk, mares' — I. de
Poule, see Ovum.
  LAIT REPANDU, (F.) Lait epanche. A po-
pular  expression in France, under which is com-
prehended every kind of disease (and particularly
vague pains) occurring after delivery; all being
ascribed to diffusion or deposition  of milk.
  LAIT DE VACHE, Milk of the cow— I. Vir-
ginal, Virgin's milk.
  LAITERON DOUN, Sonchus  oleraceus.
  LAIT I AT, (F.)  Sour  whey, in which different
wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much
used in the Jura as a refreshing drink.
  LAITUE ORDINAIRE, Lettuce—/. Sauvage,
Lactuca scariola—I.  Scariole,  Lactuca  scariola
— I. Vireuse, Lactuca  virosa.
  LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper.
  LALIA, Voice, articulated.
  LALLA'TION,  Lalldtio, Lambdacis'mus,
Labdacia'mua,  Lullaby  epeech.   Sauvages uses
this term for  a vicious  pronunciation, in which
the letter L is improperly doubled, or softened,
or substituted for R.
  LAMAC, Acaciae gummi.
  LAMBDACISMUS, Lallation.
  LAMBDOID, Lambdoid'al, Lamdo'i'des. Lamb-
do'dea, Lambdoideua,  from the Greek letter A,
lap(iba, and etbos,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Ana-
tomists have given the name Lambdoidal Suture,
Sutu'ra Lambdo'iddlis seu lambddides seu lamb-
do'idea,  S.  Prora, to the  suture,  formed by  the
parietal bones and  the  occipital,  because it  re-
sembles the letter A, lambda, of the Greeks.   It
is the Occipito-parietal suture—Suture occijritale,
(Ch.)   In  this suture, the ossa Wormiana  are
most frequently met with ;  and the denticulations
are  most distinctly marked.
  LAMREA U, Flap.
  LAMBITIVUM, Eclectos.
  LAMBKILL, Kalmia latifolia.
  LAME, Lamina — /. Comee, Taenia semicircu-
laris— I. Ruyschienne, Ruyschiana tunica.
  LAMELLA, Lamina.
  LAMEL'LAR,  Lamello'sus, Lam'inated, (F.)
Lamellenx, Lamincux, composed of thin laminae
or leaves — as  the Lamellar or laminated tissue;
i. e. the areolar tiasue.
  LAMELLEUN, Lamellar.
  LAMENESS, Claudication.
  LAMTNA,  Lamella,  (F.) Lame.  A thin,  flat
part of a bone ; a plate or table, as the cribriform
lamina or  plate of the  ethmoid bone.   Lamina
and Lamella are generally used synonymously;
although the latter is properly a diminutive of
the  former.
  Lam'ina Ciner'ea.  A thin layer of gray sub-
stance, winch forms the anterior part of the infe-
rior boundary  of the third ventricle of the brain.
  Lam'ina Cor'nea, Ta'nia Tari'ni.  A yellow-
ish  band or a thickening of the lining membrane
of  the  ventricle, by  which the  vena corporis
striati is overlaid in the lateral ventricle of  the
brain.
  Lamina Cribrosa, Cribriform lamella.
  Lamina  Cribiiosa Ossis Ethmo'i'dei, see Cri-
ble — 1. Medullaris  triangularis cerebri, Lyra.
  Lamina  Periton.ei Externa.  The outer la-
mina or fold of the peritonaeum.
  Lamina Prima Cutis, Epidermis.
  Lamina Spira'lis, Stptum scala, Septum coch'-
lea  audito'ria. A partition between the scala? 
LAMINARIA               50'
of the cochlea.  The largest part of this next the
modiolus is formed of bone.  The  remainder, or
that part next  the opposite side of the scaloe, is
composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by
Valsalva, Zona seu Zo'nula Goch'lea.   By some
anatomists,  tho lamina is  divided into a Zona
os'sea and Z. mollis.  By others, it is considered
to consist of four laminae, when examined with a
strong glass: a Zona os'sea, next to the modiolus
— a Zona coridcea, on the outer side of this :  a
Zona vesicula'ris— and  a Zona membrana'cea,
which  is, perhaps, the lining membrane of the
cochlea.  At the apex of the cochlea, the lamina
spiralis terminates by a pointed hook-shaped pro-
cess, ham'nlits lam'ina sjiira'lis.
  La.m'in.h  Dorsa'les, Dorsal lamina.   Two
oval masses on  each side of the primitive groove
of the embryo, which approach so as to form a
groove, in which are lodged the future brain and
spinal  marrow.
  Lamin.e  Spongioses Nasi, Turbinated bones.
  Lam'inm; A'entra'les,  L. viscerdles.  Thick-
ened prolongations of the serous layer of the ger-
minal membrane, which, by their union, form the
anterior wall of the trunk of the new being.
  LAMINA'RIA DIGITATA,  Tangle. One of
the Algae eaten in Scotland, and hawked  about
the streets with the Pepper-dulse.
  The leaf of a sea-weed — a species of Lami-
naria — is employed in the Himalayas under the
name of goitre  leaf, so called because chewed by
the inhabitants, where goitre prevails.
  LAMINATED, Lamellar.
  L AMINE UN, Lamellar.
  LA'MIPM ALBUM, L. folio'sum, Urti'camor'-
tua, Galeop'sis Archangel'ica, Dead Nettle,  White
Arch'angel Nettle, (F;) Ortie blanche, Ortie morte.
Infusions of this  plant have been recommended
in uterine  hemorrhage, and  leueorrhcea.  It is
not used.
  La'mium Amplexicau'le, Dead Nettle, Henbit;
naturalized;  flowering from May to October; is
regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative.
  Lamium  Foliosum,  L. album — 1. Montanum,
Melittis melissophyllum—1. Plinii, Melittis melis-
sophyllum — 1.  Rubrum, Galeopsis.
  LAMOTTE, MIXERAL  AVATERS OF.  These
thermal springs are in the  department of  Isere,
France.  Temperature, 184°.
  LAMPOURDE.  Xanthium.
  LAMPROPHO'NUS, from lapirpos, 'clear,' and
tpwvn, ' voice.'   One who has a clear voice.
  LAMl'SANA, Lapsana.
  LAMPYRIS, C'icindela.
  LANA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinci oxydum.
  LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum.
  LANCE DE MAURICEAU,(F.) An instru-
ment invented  by Mauriceau for perforating the
head of the fcetus.   A perforator.
  LANCEOLA, Lancet.
  LANCET, Lance'ola, Lancet'ta, Schaste'rion,
Scalpnm chirur'gicum, (F.) Lancette,—diminu-
tive of lancea, ' a lance.'  A surgical instrument,
used in the operation of phlebotomy,  ft is com-
posed of two parts,  the handle, (F.) Chaaae, and
the blade,  (F.) Lame.  The former is made of
two  small plates of ivory, bone, or shell, move-
able on the  blade for whose preservation they are
intended.   The blade  is formed of well-polished
steel.  Lancets are made  of  different  shapes;
some being broad-shouldered — others, spear-
pointed.  The French  distinguished three kinds:
I. Lancette  tl grain d'orge, which, on account of
the almost oval shape  of its point, makes a large
opening.  2. The  L. d  langue  de serpent, which
is very narrow towards the point; and, 3. The
L. d grain d'avoine, which  holds a medium sta-
0         LAPARO-ENTEROTOMY

tion between the two former, and is generally
preferred.
  The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet fof
the purpose of opening abscesses.
  LANCETTA, Lancet
  LANCETTE, Lancet
  LANCETTIER,  (F.)  A lancet-case.
  LA NCI N A N'T, Lancinating.
  LAN'CINATING, Lan'cinans, from lancinare
(lancea, 'a lance'),  'to strike or ^thrust through.'
(F.) Lancinant, (substantive  Elanceinent.)   A
species of pain,, which consists in lancinations or
shootings,  similar  to  those  that would  be pro-
duced by the introduction of a sharp iustrumeut
into the suffering part. It is especially in cancer
that this kind of pain  is felt.
  LAND'S  END,  CLIMATE OF.  The climate
of the Land's End, in England, resembles that
of the south of Devonshire, but is more relaxing.
It is considered to be most likely to prove bene-
ficial in consumptive  cases, in'wbich the disease
is accompanied by  an irritated  state of the pul-
monary  mucous  membrane, producing  a dry
cough.  AVhere the system  is relaxed, and the
secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate,
it is conceived, will  generally prove injurious.
As  a brumal retreat, the southern  coast of De-
vonshire would seem to be preferable to it.
  LANGEAC, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Aci-
dulous,  mineral waters at Langeac, in  the de-
partment of Haute-Loire, France.   They are em-
ployed  as  refrigerant, aperient,  and  diuretic.
They contain carbonic acid, carbonates  of soda
and magnesia, and a little iron.          «
  LAN'GII AQUA EPILEPTICA, Epileptic
 Water of Langiua, formerly employed  against
epilepsy.  It was composed of the flowers of con-
vallaria  and lavender, Spanish wine, cinnamon,
nutmeg, miatletoe, peony  and dittany roote, long
pepper, cubebs, and rosemary flowers.
  LANGUE, Tongue — I. Abaisseur de la, Glos-
socatochus — I. de  Carpe, see Lever — I. de Cerf,
Asplenium scolopendrium — I. de  Chien, Cyno-
glossum—I. de Serpent, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
  LANGUEUR, Languor.
  LANGUOR, Apllesis,Faintness, (F.) Langueur.
A species of atony,  depression, or debility, which
generally comes on slowly.
  LANTA'NA, Sage  Tree, Blueberry, (F.) Cail-
leau.  The leaves  of  this indigenous plant form
a fine-scented tea,  like L. Camara or  Bahama
Tea, and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea.  The tea
is used as a diaphoretic.
  LANU'GO, Pili cutis, Pluma, from lana, 'wool.'
The soft, fine hair on different parts of the body,
especially of the young.
  Lanugo  Prima,  Geneias — 1.  Pudendorurn,
Pubes—1. Siliquae hirsutae, see Dolichos pruriens.
  LANUVIUM, Vulva.
  LAONI'CA CURATIO seu CURA.   A mode
of treating the gout, whieh  consisted in the em-
ployment of local applications, proper for evacu-
ating the morbific matter.(?)
  LAOS, Tin.
  LAPACTICUS,  Cathartic, Laxative.
  LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi.
  LAPAROCE'LE, from lanapa,  'the  lumbar
region,' and xnln,  'rupture.'   Lumbar  Hernia,
through a separation of the fibres of the quadra-
tus  lumborum,  and a protrusion of the aponeu-
rosis of the transverse muscle on the outside of
the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis and lon-
gissimus dorsi. — Cloquet.
  LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
  LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA,  Coesarean  Sec-
tion.
  LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,  Lap'aro-ente,o. 
LAPAROSCOPIA
501
LARYNGEAL
tom'ia, from  lairapa,  'the lumbar region,' the
'abdomen,' evrepov, 'intestine,' and ropn, 'inci-
sion.'  The  operation  of  opening the abdomen
and intestinal canal, for the removal of disease.
  LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
  LAPAROTOMY, see Gastrotomy.
  LAPATHOS, Rumex  acutus — 1. Aquaticum,
Rumex hydrolapathum — 1. Chinense, Rheum —
1.  Orientale,  Rheum — 1.  Sanguineum,  Rumex
sanguineus—1. Unctuosum, Chenopodium bonus
Henricus.
  LAPATIIUM, Rumex acutus—1. Acutum, Ru-
mex acutus—1. Hortense, Rumex patientia — 1.
Pratense, Rumex  acetosa — 1. Scutatum, Rumex
scutatus — 1. Sylvestre, Rumex acutus, R. obtu-
sifolius.
   LAPE, Mucus.
   LAPIDIL'LUAf, from lapis, 'a stone.' Blasius
has given this name to a kind of scoop, used for
extracting stone from the bladder.
   LAPILLATIO, Lithia.
   LAPILLI GLANDULJ2 PINEALIS, see Pi-
neal gland.
   LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of lapis, 'a stone.' A
small stone; gravel; a grain of sand.
   LAPIS, Calculus — 1.  Accipitrum, Hieracites
—1. Aerosus, Calamina—1. Ammoniaci, see Am-
moniac gum — 1. Animalis, Blood — 1. Armenius,
Melochites — 1.  Aureus,  Urine — 1. Bezoardicus,
Bezoar—1. Caeruleus, Cupri sulphas—1. Calami-
naris,  Calamina — 1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian — 1.
Causticus, Potassa cum calce, Potassa  fusa — 1.
 Collymus, jEtites — 1. Contrayervae,  Pulvis con-
trayervae compositus—1.  Cyanus, L. lazuli.
   Lapis Divi'nus, L. Ophthalmicus seu Ophthal-
micus Sti. Iveaii.  (Cupri  sulphat., Alumin., Po-
tass, nitrat.  aa ^j.   Melt together, adding at the
end Camphor, 3js.)  Employed  to make an eye-
water, 3u ad aqua §iv.
   Lapis  Fulmineus,  Ceraunion — 1. Hematites,
Haematites—1. Heracleus, Magnet—1. Infernalis,
 Argenti  nitras — 1. Infernalis  alkalinus, Potassa
 fusa — 1. Infernalis sive septicus, Potassa cum
 calce—1. Judaicus, Judaeus (lapis).
   Lapis Lazu'li, Lapis  Cy'anus, Asulci, Laz'u-
'lite, (F.) Pierre d'azur, Outremer.  A stone, of a
 beautiful blue colour ;  opake; and close-grained;
fracture, dull.  It is composed of silex ;  alumine ;
 carbonate and sulphate  of lime; oxide of iron,
 and water.   It was formerly looked upon as a
 purgative and emetic,  and given in epilepsy.
   Lapis  Malucensis, Bezoard of the  Indian
 porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet—1.  Ophthalmi-
 cus, L. Divinus — 1. Ophthalmicus St.  Ivesii, L.
 Divinus—1. Phcenicites, Judaeus (lapis) — 1. Por-
 cinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine — 1. Pru-
 nellae, Potassae nitras fusus  sulphatis  paucillo
 mixtus — 1.   Sardius,  Cornelian — 1.  Septicus,
 Causticum commune,  Potassa fusa — 1. Specula-
 ris, S. lucidum — 1. Syderitis, Magnet — 1.  Syri-
 acus, Judams (lapis) — 1. A'ini, Potassae  supertar-
 tras impurus.
   LAPPA,  Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip-
 pitudo — 1.  Minor, Xanthium.
   LAPPULA  HEPATICA,  Agrimony.
   LAl'SA'NA, Lainpsa'na,  ATa'pium,  Papilla'-
 ris herba, Dock-cresses, Nipple-Wort, (F.) Lamp-
sane, Herbe aux Mamellea.  This  plant is a lac-
 tescent  bitter.  It  has  been chiefly employed,
however, as  an external  application  to sore nip-
 ples, <fee.
   LAPSUS  PILORUM, Alopecia.
   LAQ, Laqueus.
   LAQUE.  Lacca.
   LAQUEAR. Lacunar.
   La'quear A'agin.e,  Fundus  Vagina.  The
part of the vagina in which the cervix uteri ter-
minates.
  LA'QUEUS,  Funis.^ A cord, ligature or ban-
dage,  with  running knots ;—a Noose, a loop.  A
fillet, Brochos, Pach'etos, (F.) Laq ou  Lacq.
The term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any
kind,  attached  by  means of  a loop  upon any
part  with  the view of fixing it; as  in certain
cases  of labour, where a  hand or foot presents;
or to  facilitate extension in luxations and frac-
tures.
  Also :—A prominent band in the brain, behind
the brachium posterius of the corpora quadrige-
mina, which marks the  course of  the  superior
division of the fasciculus olivaris.
  Laqueus Gut'turis,   'Noose of the throat'
Violent inflammation of the tonsils,  in whieh the
patient appears as if suffocated by a noose. Ac-
cording to  some, gangrenous cynanche.
  LARCH, Pinus larix.
  LARD, Adeps.
  LARDACE, Lardaceous.
  LARDA'CEOUS, Larda'ceus, Lar'deua, Lard'-
iform, Lardifor'mia, (F.) Lardace;  from larduin,
'lard,' the fat  of bacon. An epithet given to
certain organic alterations in  the textures, whose
aspect and consistence resemble lard.  (F.) Tissua
lardaces.
  LARDEUS,  Lardaceous.
  LARDIFORM, Lardaceous.
  LARGE, Broad.
  LARIX, Pinus  larix — 1.   Communis,  Pinns
larix—1. Decidua, Pinus larix — 1. Europaea, Pi-
nus larix—1. Pyramidalis, Pinus larix.
  LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium
consolida,.
  LARME, Tear.
  LARMOIEMENT, Epiphora.
  LA-ROCHE POSAY, MINERAL AVATERS
OF.  Simple sulphurous waters  in  the depart-
ment of A"ienne,  France.
  LARArA, Mask.  Also the larve, grub, or ver-
miform condition of an  insect: the first change
it experiences  after leaving  the  ovum.  Larves
of insects  are occasionally developed in the in-
testinal canal from ova swallowed.  See Ectozoa.
  LAR YNGE, Laryngeal.
  LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'us,  (F.)  Laryngi,
Laryngien.  Same etymon  as Larynx.   That
 which belongs to the larynx.
  Laryngeal Arteries are given off  from the
thyroid arteries.
  Laryngeal  Nerves, (F.) A'erfs  Laryngea,
are two in number ; — a  superior and an inferior.
The  superior laryngeal  nerve is  given off from
the  trunk of the  pneumogastric, at the upper
and-deep part of the neck. It passes  downwards
and inwards, behind the internal carotid  artery,
and  divides into two secondary branches ; the
one, external, which distributes it*  filaments, on
the outside of  the larynx, to the sterno-thyroid,
hyo-thyroid, constrictor inferior,  crico-thyroid
muscles,  <fec.  The other, the  internal,  whieh
crosses the  thyro-hyoid membrane, and gives
filaments  to the epiglottis,  the  mucous mem-
branes of  the pharynx and larynx, to the aryte-
noid  gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus-
cles, and ultimately anastomoses with the inferior
laryngeal  nerve.   The  inferior laryngea! nerves
or  recur'rents,  Nerd reverslvi,  Rameaux Tra-
cheaux (Chaus.,) arise  from the trunk  of the
pneumogastric within the thorax.  They  ascend
in the furrow, which separates the  trachea from
 tho  oesophagus, to be distributed on the neck,
after having been reflected :—the  left around the
 arch  of the aorta; the  right, around the corre-
 sponding  subclavian.  They send  off filaments
to  the cardiac plexuses; to  the  parietes  of tho 
LARYNGECHE
502
LASER
•esophagus, and trachea; to the thyroid gland:
10 the inferior  constrictor  of the pharynx ; the
posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid and thyro-
arytenoid muscles ; and to the mucous membrane
of the pharynx and larynx.
  Laryngeal Phthisis, Phthisis, laryngeal — 1.
Sound, Laryngeche.
  Laryngeal A'eins open into the internal jugu-
lar.   AVinslow gives the name laryngeal to the
superior  thyroid artery.
  Laryngeal A'oice, see Voice.
  LARYNGE'CHE, from  lapvyl, 'the larynx,'
and ij^i;  or nx°s> 'sound.'  The  laryngeal sound
heard by the stethoscope during breathing and
speaking.
  BAR YS'GIEN, Laryngeal.
  LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy-
micum.
  LAR YNGITE, Laryngitis—I. Muqueuse, La-
ryngitis  (simple)—I. (Edemateuse, CEdema of the
glottis—/. (Edemateuse et se.ro-purulente, CEdema
of the  glottis — I.  ttvec  Production de Fausses
membranes, Cynanche trachealis—I. Pseudo-mem-
braneuse, Cynanche  trachealis—I. avec Secretion
de  Pus,  Phthisis  laryngea — I. Sus-glottiqtte,
CEdema  of the  glottis — /. Striduleuse,  Asthma
thymicum — 1.  Sous-muqueuse,  (Edema of the
glottis.
   LARYNGITIS, from Larynx, and itis, a suffix
denoting inflammation ;  Infiamma'tio  Laryn'gis,
Cynanche laryuge'a, Angina laryngea, (F.) La-
ryngite,  Catarrhe laryngicn, Angine larynge, In-
flammation of the Larynx. This disease, in some
measure, resembles croup; but is usually devoid
of that peculiar sonorous  inspiration, which at-
tends the latter.  There is, also, pain upon press-
ing the larynx; and, whilst laryngitis is a disease
of more advanced  life,  croup  attacks children.
The  membraniform exudation is,  also, absent;
probably, because the inflammation, being seated
above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily
expectorated.  It requires the most active  treat-
ment.
   Simple Laryngitis is  called by  some mucous
Laryngitis, Laryngitis acu'ta,  L. muco'sa acuta,
(F.)  Laryngite muqueuse,  to distinguish it from
submucous Laryngitis or CEdema of the glottis.
   Chronic Laryngitis is generally regarded  as
synonymous with laryngeal phthisis;  but it may
exist independently.
   Laryngitis  Acuta, Laryngitis — 1. Chronic,
see Phthisis  Laryngea—1.  Mucosa acuta, Laryn-
gitis— 1. Mucous, Laryngitis (simple) — 1. (Ede-
matous, (Edema of the glottis—1. Seropurulenta,
 CEdema of the glottis — 1. Submucous, (Edema of
 the glottis—1. et Tracheitis chronica, see Phthisis
laryngea — 1. et Tracheitis infantilis, Cynanche
 trachealis.
   LARYNGOCACE, Cynanche trachealis.
   LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS, Catarrhns Laryn-
geits  et trachea'lis.   Catarrh affecting the larynx
 and  trachea more  especially, as indicated by al-
 teration of the voice — hoarseness — itching and
 sensation of burning in  those parts; short cough
 and expectoration, &c.
   LARYNGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS,
 Phthisis laryngea.
   LARYNGOG'RAPHY, Laryngogrdphia; from
 Xapnyl,  'the larynx,' and ypatpn, 'a description.'
 An anatomical description of the larynx.
   LARYNGOL'OGYT, from lapvyi, 'the larynx,'
 and loyos, ' treatise.'  A treatise on the larynx.
   LARYNGOPARALYSIS, see Aphonia.
   LARY'NGOPH'ONY,  Tracheoph'ony, Laryn-
 ge'al voice,  Tracheal voice;  from Larynx,  and
 tpwvn, 'voice.'   The sound heard in health, when
 the stethoscope  is  placed  over the larynx  or tra-
1. Cartilages
chea,  at  the  time a person speaks.  The voica
appears to pass immediately up to the ear of the
auscultator.   A similar physical sign exists when
there is a cavity in the lungs, and the instrument
is placed over it whilst the patient speaks.   See
Pectoriloquy.
  LARYNGOPIITHISIS, Phthisis laryngea.
  LARYNGOSPASMUS, Asthma thymicum.
  LARYNGOSTASIS, Cynanche trachealis.
  LARYNGOSTENO'SIS ; from lapvyt, ' the la-
rynx,'  and orevwais, ' contraction.'  Contraction
or narrowness of the larynx.
  LARYNGOT'OMY,  Laryngotom'ia, from la-
puyf, 'the larynx,' and repveiv, 'to cut.'  A sur-
gical  operation, which  con;-ists in  opening the
larynx, either to extract a foreign body, or to
remedy an obstruction of the glottis.   The ope-
ration is, sometimes, erroneously called Broncho-
tomy, and Tracheotomy.
  LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  tra-
chealis— 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda-
tion, Cynanche trachealis.
  LAR'YNX, lapvyl, ('a whistle.')   Caput seu
Oper'culum seu Inil'ium seu Finis  supe'rior seu
Ter'minus superior seu Pars prima as'pera arte'-
ria.  The apparatus  of voice  is situate at the
superior  and  anterior part of the neck; and at
the top of the trachea, with which  it communi-
cates.  It is  composed  of four cartilages, — the
thyroid,  cricoid, and two  arytenoid;  is moved
by a number of muscles, and lined  by a mucous
membrane, having certain  membranous reflec-
tions, constituting the superior ligaments of the
glottis, &e.

        Parts composing the Larynx.
                           Thyroid.
                           Cricoid.
                           Two arytenoid.
                           Epiglottis.
                          ' Stcrno-thyroid.
                           Constrictors  of  the
              Extrinsic,  -{   pharynx.
                           All the muscles of
                             the hyoid region.
                          ' Crico-thyroid.
                           Crico-arytenoid, pos-
                             terior.
              Intrinsic,  ■{ Cryco-arytenoid, la-
                             teral.
                           Thyro-arytenoid.
                           Arytenoid.
  3. Mucous Membrane.
                          f Epiglottic.
  4. Glands....................< Arytenoid.
                          ( Thyroid.
  c u   i                 ? Thyro-hyoid.
  5. Mcmbranea................ \ n ■  ii   -j
                          ( Crico-thyroid.
  c t •                    f Crico-arytenoid.
  6. Ligaments................ { Thyro-arytenoid.

   The vessels and nerves of the larynx are called
 Laryngeal.
   The larynx is destined to give passage to the
 air, in the act of respiration, and to impress upon
 it certain modifications, which constitute voice.
 Its dimensions  vary in different individuals.  In
 men, it is always larger, and situate lower,  than
 in women.
   Larynx,  Pellicular or Plastic Inflamma-
 tion of the, Cynanche trachealis.
   LAS'AlSfUM, Sella familiar'ica, (F.)  Chaise
 percee.   A close stool.
   LASCIVIA, Satyriasis.
   LASCIVITAS, Satyriasis.
   LASCIVUS, Libidinous.
   LASER, Laserpitium—I.  d  Larges feuilletf
 Laserpitium latifolium.
2.3Iusclea. ■ 
LASERPITIUM
503
LAURUS
  LASERPIT"IUM, Laser, Silphium, onos ail--
Qtov.  A term applied, anciently, both to a plant
and its juice, regarding the nature of neither of
which we possess any precise information.  Bent-
ley, Laurence, Geoffroi, Ac, regard it to have been
the same as asat'uetida:— Theophrastus, Diosco-
rides, and the ancient scholiast of Aristophanes,
however, by assigning a sweet and agreeable  fla-
vour to the laserpitium, discountenance  the idea.
From whatever plant obtained,  it was so rare,
and consequently so costly, that the Romans  de-
posited it in the public treasury.   It was obtained
from Cyrene — Succus Cyrena'icua — and likewise
from Persia — the latter being the most  valuable.
The Laserpitium is called by Avicenna,  Altihit.
  Laserpitium Asperum, L. latifolium.
  Laserpitium Latifo'lium, L. aa'perum, Gen-
tia'na alba, White Gentian, Cervdria alba; (F.)
Laser a  larcjea feuillea.  The root of this plant is
bitter and tonic.
  Laserpitium Montanum, L. siler.
  Laserpitium Siler, L. trif olid turn  seu mon-
tdnum, Sca'eli, Siler montduum  seu lancifo'lium,
Heart-wort, Sermountain.   The  seeds and roots
are possessed  of aromatic properties.
  Laserpitium Trifoliatum, I,, siler.
  LASSITUDE OCULAIRE, £opyopia.
  LASSITUDO, Copos.
  LATENS IN ORE, Pterygoideus internus.
  LATENT, Latena, from latere, 'to lie hid.'
' Lying hid,' ' concealed.'   An epithet applied to
certain diseases or states of disease, in which  the
symptoms are so concealed and obscure,  morbi
occulti, as to escape the observation of  the phy-
sician.   Thus, we say latent inflammation, latent
period of amall-pox.
  LAT'ERAD, from latua, lateria, 'the side.'   A
term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify
' towards the lateral aspect'
  LATERAL ASPECT, see Mesial.
  LATERIT'TOUS, Laterit"iua, Lateric"iua,
from later, 'a  brick.'  An epithet applied to  the
brick-like sediment, occasionally deposited in  the
urine of people afflicted with fever; Sedimen'tum
uri'na laterie"ium.
  LATESCEXTTS  CHORDS (Musculus), Pal-
maris longus.
  LATEX NIVEUS, Milk.
  LATIIYRIS, Euphorbia lathyris.
  LATIB'ULUM, from lateo, < I lie  hid.'  The
foyer of a febrile poison; whence it spreads to
every part to induce a paroxysm.  See C/apier.
  LAT'ICA.   Same etymon.  Amphimer'iiia lal-
ica of Sauvages.   A species of quotidian remit-
tent, whose paroxysms are very long, and which
is accompanied with latent heat ( ? ), whence its
name.
  LATICES  LACTEI, Receptaculum chyli.
  LATIS'SIMUS COLLI, Platysma myoides.
  Latis/simus  Dorsi,  Aniacalp'tor,  Brachium
morens quart its, (F.) Lombo-hiinieral (Ch.), Dorsi-
lombo-sacro-humeral, Muscle grand dorsal, M.  tres
large du dos. A flat muscle: broad, especially below;
thin ; quadrilateral; and situate at the posterior,
lateral, and inferior  region  of the trunk.  It is
attached to the posterior half of the outer lip of
the crest of the ilium ;  to the posterior surface of
the sacrum; to the spinous  processes  of the  six
or seven last dorsal vertebrae, to  all those of  the
loins, and to the last four  false  ribs, and is in-
serted by a  strong tendon at the posterior edge
of the bicipital groove of the humerus. Its upper
fibres are almost horizontal; the middle very long
and oblique upwards and outwards ; and the  an-
terior almost vertical.  This muscle carries  the
arm backwards, depressing it, and making it turn
ou its axis.  It also draws backwards and down-
\yuds  the prominence of the shoulder.   AVhen,
 suspended by an arm, we make an effort to raise
 ourselves, it draws the trunk  towards  the arm.
 It can, also, raise the ribs  by assuming its  fixed
 point on the humerus, and become an inspiratory
 muscle.
   LATITUDO  HUMERI, Scnpula.
   LATTICE WORK, Cancelli.
   LATUS, Broad — 1. Ani, Levator ani.
   LAU, see Spirit.
   LAUCA'NIA, Leucdnia,Lau'chane,from lavw,
 'I enjoy,' 'I take.'   The fauces and  oesophagus.
 Also, the chin. — Gorraeus.
   LAUCHANE, Laucania.
   LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NUM.  Perhaps,
 from laiw, ' praise ;'  lauda'tum, 'praised.'  Every
 preparation of  opium,  solid or liquid, but  more
 particularly the extract and tincture, and  espe-
 cially the latter.
   Laudanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Gutta Abbatis
 Rousseau, Vinum opidtum fermentatio'ne para'-
 tum, Abbe Rousseau's Drops.  (Mel. Narbonnens.,
 §xij; aqua calida, Oiij.   Set  in  a warm  place,
 and, as soon as the mixture ferments, add opium,
 §iv, dissolved  in water, f'3xij.  Let it ferment
 for a month, and evaporate to f.^x: strain, and
 add rectified spirit of wine, ^ivss.
   Laudanum, Ford's, A'inum  opii — 1. Liquid,
 Tinctura opii — 1. Liquidum Hofl'manni, A'inum
 opii — 1.  Liquidum  Sydenhami, Arinum opii — 1.
 Opiatum,  Extractum opii — 1. Simplex, Extrac-
 tum opii.
   LAUGH, Risus — 1.  Sardonic, Canine laugh.
   LAUGHING, Risus.
   LAUGHTER, Risus.
   LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia, Magnolia macro-
 phylla— 1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia latifolia — 1.
 Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus—1. Common, Pru-
 nus lauro-cerasus—1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia
 —1. Great, Rhododendron  maximum—1. Ground,
 Epigaea repens — 1. Mountain,  Kalmia latifolia,
 Rhododendron — 1.  Narrow-leaved, Kalmia an-
 gustifolia— 1. Poison, Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.
 Rose, Kalmia latifolia—1. Sheep, Kalmia angus-
 tifolia—-1. Swamp, Kalmia glauca — 1.  Sweet,
 Illicium Floridanum—1.  AVater, see Prunus lau-
 ro-cerasus ■— 1. AVhite, Magnolia glauca.
   LAURENT,  SAINT,  MINERAL AVATERS
 OF.  A thermal  spring, five leagues from Joyeuse
 in France.  Temp. 127° Fahr.
   LAU RE N'T IA  PIXNATIFTDA, Pepper-
 dulse.  One of the Algae, eaten in Scotland, and
 hawked about  the  streets of  Edinburgh  along
 with Lamindria iHc/ittltti or Tangle.
   LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola.
   LAURIER,  Laurus — I. Alexandria, Ruscus
 hypoglossum—I. Amandier, Prunus lauro-cerasus
 — I. Cerise,  Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. Rose, Ne-
 riuin oleander.
   LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus lauro-cerasus.
   L AIR US, Laurus nob'i/is, Daph'ue, Street Bay.
 Nat. Ord. Laurineae.  (F.) Lauder.  The leaves
 and berries havs  a sweet, fragrant smell, and an
 aromatic, astringent  taste.   Sweet bay  has been
 advised as a stomachic and carminative, but is
 now rarely used.  It is, sometimes, employed as
 a fomentation and  in  glysters; and the berries
 are an ingredient in the Emplastrum  Cumini.
   Laurus ^Estivalis. L. benzoin—1. Alexandria
 angustifolia, Ruscus hypoglossum—1. Camphora,
 see Camphor.
   Lauuus Ben'zoin, Benzoin odorif'erum,  Lau-
 rus Paeitdo-benzoin  seu aativtl/is, Spice  wood,
 Sjn'ce bush. Allspice bush,  Wild  allspice,  Spice
 berry,  Fever wood,  Ferer bueh.  An  indigenous
 shrub, growing in moist, shady places in all parts
 of the  United States;  flowering early in spring.
 All parts  of the  shrub have a spicy, agreeable
i flavour, which is  strongest in  the  bark and ber- 
LAUTISSIMA              50
ries.  An  infusion or  decoction  of  the  small
branches is used in popular practice as a vermi-
fuge,  and agreeable drink in low fevers.  The
bark has been used in intermittents : the berries,
dried  and powdered, for allspice.  The oil of the
berries is used as an excitant.
  Laurus  Canella, L. Cassia.
  LaurusCas'sia,X.caneZ7a,Per'seacaaaia. The
species of laurus which yields the Cassia lig'nea,
Casia, Cassia  cinnamo'mea, Cortex Canella Ma-
labar' ica, Cassia lignea Malabar'ica, Xylo-cassia,
Canella  Malabarica et Javen'sis, Canella Cuba'-
na, Arbor Juda'ica, Cassia Canella, Canellif'era
Malabar'ica, Cortex cras'sior, Cinnamo'miim Ma-
labar'icum  seu In'dicum seu Sinen'se,  Calihac'ha
canella,  Wild Cinnamon, Malabar  Cinnamon,
Casaia, (F.) CanneUe de Malabar ou de Java ou
de  la Chine ou  des lndes  ou de Coromandel, C.
fausse, C. matte, Casse en bois, Casse aromatique.
The bark and leaves abound with the flavour of
cinnamon,  for which they may be substituted;
but they are much weaker.  The unopened flower-
buds  are used in the same manner.
  Laurus  Cinnamo'mum,  Per'sea  cinnamo'mum,
Cinnamo'miim, G. Zeylan'icum, Darse'ni, Darsi'ni,
Cinnamon,  Xylo-cinnamomum,  Cuurdo Canella,
(F.) CanneUe, Baume de CanneUe, CanneUe offici-
nale.   Cinnamon bark, which is obtained, also,
from  the Cinnamo'mum aromat'icum, is stimulant
and carminative, and is employed, chiefly, as a
grateful  aromatic, to cover the taste of nauseous
remedies.  Dose, gr. x to J^j-   The Flowers,
called Cassia Flores in the shops, possess aroma-
tic  and  astringent virtues,  and  may be  used
wherever cinnamon is required.   The volatile
oil  of the  bark — O'leum  Cinnamo'ini—Oil of
Cinnamon,  is officinal in the Pharm. U. S.
  Laurus  Cubeba, Piper cubeba—1. Culilaban,
L.  Culilawan.
  Laurus  Culil'awan, L. Culilaban seu Cary-
ophyl'lus, Cinnamo'mum Culilawan. The tree that
affords the Cortex Culilitu-an seu Culilaban, Cu-
lilawan,  Culitlawan, Cortex  caryophylloides, C.
Caryophylloides Amboinen'sis.  This bark resem-
bles the  sassafras in appearance and  properties,
and is used in Java as  a condiment
  Laurus  Malabathrum,  see Malabathrum —
1.  Nobilis,  Laurus — 1.  Pseudobenzoin,  L. Ben-
zoin.
  Laurus  Sas'safras, Per'sea sas'safras, Sas-
safras, Cornus mas odora'ta, Anhuiba, Ague-free.
Indigenous in the United States.  Sassafras wood
and root,  and especially the bark of the root,
Sassafras Radlcia  Cortex (Ph. U. S.), have been
considered  stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. The
virtues depend upon essential oil, Oleum Sassa-
fras, the odour of which  is not unlike  that of
fennel.   It has been used in cutaneous diseases,
chronic rheumatism, <fec.
  The pith of the  stems,  Saaaafraa medulla,
abounds  in gummy matter, which it readily im-
parts  to water, forming a limpid mucilage, which
is much employed as a  collyrium in ophthalmia,
and as  a drink in dysentery,  catarrh, <fcc. (one
dram of the pith to a pint of boiling water).
  LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  (Lantua,  'elegant')
Wines were  formerly  so  called,  which  were
strongly  impregnated with myrrh.
  LAVAMENTUM, Clyster, Enema.
  LAVANDE, Lavendula.
  LAA'AXDULA, Lavendula.
   LAVEMENT, Clyster, Enema — I. Antispas-
modique. Enema fcetidum.
  LAVEXDER, COMMON, Lavendula—1. Sea,
Statice limonium, Statice Caroliniana.
  LAArEX'DULA, from lavo, 'I wash ;' so called
from  being used in baths.  Laven'dula apica seu
latifo'lia, Spica, L. vera, Lavan'dula (Ph. U. S.),
14                  LEAD

 Common Lavender, (F.) Larandc, Aapic,  Spic.
 The odour of lavender flowers  is fragrant and
 agreeable; taste warm and bitterish — depending
 upon an essential oil.  It has been used as a sti-
 mulant; particularly  in the form of the oil,—
 O'leum laven'dula.   The dried leaves have been
 employed as an errhine.
   The French use tho Lavendula Stc-echas.aSto!-
 chas  et Stichas  Arab'ica, French Lavender, of
 which they have a compound syrup,  Syru'pus de
 stce'ehade compos'itus: given as  a pectoral.
   Lavendula Latifolia, Lavendula.
   LAAGER  GERMANIC UM,  Veronica  becca-
 bunga—1. Odoratum,  Sisymbrium nasturtium.
   LAATPEDTUM, Pediluvium.
   LAW MEDICINE, Medicine, legal.
   LAWSONIA  ALBA, L. Inermis.
   Lawso'nia  Iner'mis, L. alba, Alcan'a vera, A.
 Orienta'lis,  Cyprus   antiquo'rum,  Ligus'trum
 /Egyptiacmn,  Smooth Lawso'nia, (F.)  Jlenn(.
 An  East  Indian  and African plant, the root of
 which is slightly astringent.
   In India, the  root of the  Lawso'nia spinosa is
 employed in lepra and other cutaneous affections.
   LAX, Diarrhoea.
   LAXANS, Laxative, Relaxant.
   LAX'ATIArE,* Laxati'vus, Laxans,  Le'niens,
 from laxare, ' to loosen;' Minorati'rus, Soluti'vua,
 Alvid'ucu8, Hypecchoret'icits, Ilypago'gus, Hy-
 pelatua, Hypocathar'ticua, Lapac'ticua.  A me-
 dicine which  gently opens the bowels; such as
 tamarinds, manna,  <fec.
   LAXATIVUS INDICUS, Cambogia.
   LAXATOR  AURIS  INTERNUS, L.  tym-
 pani.
   Laxator Tympani, L. major tym'pani, Exter'-
 mi8 mallei, Ante'rior mallei, Obllquus auris, Ex-
 ternus auris vel Laxator inter'nua, Eusta'chii mua'-
 culua, (F.) Anterieur du marteau, Spheni-aaljnngo-
 mallien.  A muscle which arises from the spine
 of the  sphenoid bone and from the  cartilage of
 the Eustachian tube, and is inserted,  by a tendon,
 into the apophysis of Ran.   It relaxes the mem-
 brana tympani.
   Laxa'tor  Tym'pani  Minor.  A very  small
 muscle which extends  from the upper part of
 the external auditory canal, and is inserted at
 the inferior part of the process of the handle of
 the malleus.  Its existence is  denied by most
 anatomists.
   LAXITAS,  Atony —1. Alvi, Diarrhoea —1.
 Ingestorum,  Lientery — 1.  Intestinorum,  Lien-
 tery— 1. Scroti, Rhachosi? — 1. Ventriculi, Gas-
 terasthenia.
   LAX'ITY, Lax'itas, Laxness.  Condition of a
 tissue, when  loose  or relaxed;  or of one which
 wants tone.   AVe  say laxity of fibre, laxity  of
 skin, to express, that those parts have lost some
 of the tenseness proper to them.
   LAYER, AXTMAL, see Tache embryonnaire—
 1.  Mucous, see Tache embryonnaire — 1.  Serous,
 see Tache embryonnaire — 1. Arascular, see  Tache
 embryonnaire — 1. Aregetative, see Tache embryon-
 naire.
   LAYERS  OF THE  BLASTODERMA, see
 Tache embryonnaire.
   LAZARETTO,  Lazaret, Lazar-housc,  from
 (I.) lazzero, ' a leper.'   A solitary edifice in most
 seaports of magnitude, intended for  the disinfec-
 tion  of men and goods proceeding  from places
 where contagious diseases are prevailing.
   LAZULITE,  Lapis lazuli.
   LEAD,  Plumbum —1. Black, Graphites —1.
 Chloride of, Plumbi chloridum—1. Colic, see Co-
 lica metallica — 1. Iodide of, Plumbi iodidum — L
 Nitrate of, Plumbi nitras—1. Oxyd of, semi-vitri-
 fied,  Plumbi oxydum semi vitreum—1. Paralysis, 
LEAD-POISONING
505
LEMONADE
pee Palsy,  lead — 1. Red,  Plumbi  oxidum  ru-
brum.
  Lead Rheu'matism, Lead Neural gia, Arthral-
gia of M. Tanquerel.  The neuralgic and spas-
modic pains caused by the poison of lead.
  Lead, Subcarbonate of, Plumbi superacetas
— 1. Tannate of,  see Tannin — 1. AVhite, Plumbi
subcarbonas.
  L E A D-P 01S 0 NIN G, Molybdo'aia, Morbua
plumbeua, Cacochym'in plumbea, (F.) Intoxication
saturnine.   Morliid phenomena induced by lead
received into the system. .
   LEADAVORT, Plumbago Europaea.
   LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arborea.
   LEAMINGTON,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
Saline waters  at  Leamington,  about two miles
east of AVarwick, England, which contain chlo-
ride of sodium, sulphate  of soda, and chlorides
of calcium and magnesium.
   LEANNESS, Emaciation.
   LEAP,  Sax.  hl»pan, Saltus, Salil'io,  Exal-
gi«, (P.)  Sunt;  Bound, Jump, —the act of leap-
ing. Muscular movement or movements, by which
the body is detached from the soil by the forcible
and sudden extension of the lower  limbs, previ-
ously flexed upon the pelvis.
   LEAPING  AGUE.   This disease is said by
the  Scotch writers  to  be characterized by in-
creased efficiency, but depraved direction, of the
will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance,
tumble,  and move about  in a fantastic  manner,
and often with far more than the natural vigour,
activity, and precision !  See Mania, dancing.
   LEATHER  FLOAVER, Clematis viorna —1.
Wood, Dirca palustris.
   LEIS'ANON, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  The
spring at Lebanon, 26 miles east of  Albany, New
York,  is  an almost pure  thermal.  Temp. 72°
Fahr.
   LECHENEEN, Torcular Herophili.
   LECTIO, Puerpera.
   LECHOPYRA, Puerperal fever.
   LE CRAN, Cochlearia armoracia.
   LECOXTIA, Peltandra A'irginica.
   LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectua, 'a bed,' and
aternere, ' to spread.'  The arrangement of a bed
so as to adapt it to a particular disease.  Also, a
supplication, with the Romans, in times of public
danger, when beds or couches were spread for the
gods, as if they  were about to feast, and their
images were taken down from their pedestals and
placed  upon these  couches  around  the  altars.
The lectisternium was first introduced in the  time
of a pestilence. — Livy.
   LECTUA'LIS, from  lectua, 'a  bed.'  An  epi-
thet applied to a protracted disease.
   LEDE SAUVAGE, Ledum sylvestre.
   LECTULUS  STRAMINEUS, Fanon.
   LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID.  A
Solution of nitrate of lead, (Plumb,  nitrat. 5Jj ad
aqua f 5 i.) used as an antiseptic and antibromic.
   LEDUM LAT IF 0' LI UM, Labrador'  Tea,
grows in damp places, in Canada and the United
States.  Tl* leaves have a pleasant odour and
taste, and have been used as tea. They have also
been esteemed pectoral  and tonic.
   Ledum Palus'tre, Ro8inari'nua aylves'tria, An-
tho8 aylvea'tria, Marah Tea, (F.) Lide ou Romarin
saurcuje.  N'at. Ord. Ericinea1. Sex. Syst. Decan-
dria Monogynia.   This plant has  a bitter,  sub-
astringent taste, and was formerly used in Switz-
erland in place of hops : the virtues are equivocal.
   LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley,  Lye.
   LEECH, Hirudo, see Ectozoa.
   LEEK, Allium porrum.
   LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassae.
   LEG, (Danish,) Orus, Sceloa, Cneml. The por-
tion of the lower extremity, which extends from
the knee to the foot.  It consists of three bones; .
Tibia, Fibula, and Patella, and also of a great
number of muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves.  The
projection,  formed by the muscles at the back
part of the leg, has received the name of Calf of
the leg.  It is the special attribute of man, and
proves that he is destined to be biped.
   Leg, Swelled, Phlegmatia  dolens — 1. Cochin,
see Elephantiasis.
   LEGIT'I MAT E, Legit'imus, from lex, legis,
' law ;' Genulnu8, Gne'aioe. An epithet applied
to things whieh are according to rule.   A  legiti-
mate child, (F.) Enfant legitime, is one conceived
or born  during  marriage.  Legitimate diseases,
(F.) Maladies legitimes, are those which follow a
regular march.
   LEGNA, from  leyvov, ' a fringed edge.'  The
orifice of the pudendum muliebre, or of the  uterus.
   LEGUME, Legumen.
   LEGU'MEN, from lego, T gather:' (F.) Le-
gume,  Gousse.  So called because it is usually
gathered by  the hand, instead of being reaped.
All kinds of pulse, as peas, beans, &c, are thus
termed.
   LEGUMIN, Casein.
   LEICHEN, Lichen.
   LEI'OPUS, LI opus, Plancue, Plautus,  Plotua,
from letos, ' smooth,' and itovs, ' a foot'  One who
is affected with fiat-footedneaa, aplay-footednea8,
Leiopod'ia, Liopod'ia.'  One,  the soles  of whose
feet are flat, instead of having the concavity which
they commonly present
   LEIOSIS, Comminution.
   LEIPH-^E'MIA, Lipha'mia : same etymon as
 Leiphaemos.   Poverty or paucity of blood.
   LEIPH^EMOI, Achroi.
   LEIPH^E'MOS, Lipha'mos,  (F.) Leipheme,
from letirw, ' I want,' and 'aipa, ' blood.'  A word
 sometimes used adjectively ;  at others, substan-
 tively, either for a vicious state of the blood — or
 rather for a sort of anaemia—or for the  patient
 who labours  under this condition.
   LEIPHEME, Leiphaemos.
   LEIPO, Lipo.
   LEIPODERMIA, Aposthia.
   LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'moa, from leiirw, 'I
 want,' and beppa, 'skin.'   One who wants a part
 of his skin.   It is especially  applied to one who
 wants the prepuce.  See Apella and Aposthia.
   LEIPOMERIA, Lipomeria.
   LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
   LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
   LEIPYR'IAS, from lemw, 'I want,' and imp,
 ' fire,' or ' heat'   A species  of continued fever,
 referred to  by the  Greek physicians, in which
 there is burning heat of the  internal parts and
 coldness of the extremities.  Avicenna described,
 under this name, a kind of hemitritaea.
   LEMA, Chasaie.
   LEME, Lippitudo.
   LEAIITHOCORTOXT, Corallina Corsicana.
   LEMMA,  Cortex, Feculence, Furfur, Sedimen-
 tum.
   LEMNTSCUS, Pessary, Tent.
   LEMON GROUND, Podophyllum montanum
 — 1. Juice, see Citrus medica — 1. Juice, artificial,
 see Citrus medica — 1. Peel, see Citrus medica —
 1. Tree, Citrus medica —1. AVild, Podophyllum
 montanum.
   LEMONADE', Limona'da, (F.)  Limonade. Le-
 mon juice diluted with water  and sweetened. See
 Citrus medica.
   Lemonade, Dry,  (F.) Limonade aeche.   Citric
 or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with
 sugar.  Lemonade Pondera may be made as fol
 lows :—Pound Jj j£ of cifric acid with a few drops 
LEMOSFTAS
506
LEPRA
 of essence of lemon-peel and 5J or more of lump
 sugar.   Divide into six papers, each of which will
 make a glass of lemonade.  See Citric acid.
   Limonade Gazeuae, (F.) is an agreeable drink
 prepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry,
 Ac, to water saturated with carbonic acid.
   Lemonade, Magnesian, Magnesias citras.
   Lemonade, Nitric.  Nitric  acid considerably
 diluted with water, and sweetened.
   Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade, tar-
'taric, are made with the sulphuric and tartaric
 acids.
   LEMOSITAS, Chaaaie, Lippitudo.
   LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive.
   LENTS, Lenitive.
   LENTTIArE, Lenitlvua, Lenie, Len'ienS,Epia'-
 ma, Miligans, from lenio, 'I assuage.'   A medi-
 cine, which allays irritation or palliates disease;
 also, a laxative  medicine.  A lenitive  electuary is
 one that purges gently.
   LENOS, Torcular llerophili.
   LENS, Ervum lens—1. Crystalline, Crystalline
 —1. Esculenta, Ervum  lens.
   LENTIC'ULA.  Dim. of lens,  'a  lentil.'  A
 freckle.   Also, the eruption of lenticular fever.
 See Ephelides.
   LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G.
   LENTICUL A'RES GLAN'DULA, Lentic'-
 ular glanda.  Mucous follicles, having the shape
 of a lentil, which are observed especially towards
 the base of the tongue.
   LENTIGO, Ephelides.'
   LENTIL, Ervum lens.
   LENTILLE, Ervum lens—I. Crystalline, Crys-
 talline — 1. Ers, Ervum ervilia.
   LENTFS'CINUM VINUM.  AVine impregnated
 with mastich ;  from Lentiscus,  ' the mastich tree.'
   LENTTSCUS VULGARIS, Pistacia lentiscus.
   LENTITIA,  Lentor.
   LENTIT1S, Phacitis.
   LENTITUDO,  Lentor. ■
   LENTOR,  Lentil'ia, Lentitu'do, from  lentus,
 ' clammy.'  A viscidity or siziness of any fluid.
 Sec Gluten.
   LENUM, Torcular llerophili.
   LEONO'TIS  LEONU'RUS. A South African
 plant, which has  a peculiar smell  and nauseous
 taste, and is said to produce  narcotic effects  if
 incautiously nsed.   It  is employed in decoction
 in chronic cutaneous diseases.  The  Hottentots
 smoke it like tobacco, and take a decoction of its
 leaves as a strong cathartic.  It is also given  as
 an emmenagogue.  In the eastern districts of the
 Cape Colony, Leonotis ovdta is used for the same
 purpose.
   LEONTI'ASIS, Leon'tion, from luav, 'a lion.'
 A name given to lepra of  the face,  from some
 fancied resemblance between the countenance  of
 those labouring under it and that of the lion. To
 this kind of lepra the epithets le'onine and le'on-
 tine have been given.
   LEONTICE THALICTROIDES, Caulophyl-
 lum thalictroides.
   LEONTION, Leontiasis.
   LEONTODON TARAX'ACUM, L. officinale,
 eeuvulga're, Tarax'acum officina'le, Dens Leo'nis,
 Hedyp'nois tarax'acum, Urina'ria, Caput Mon'a-
 chi,  Dandelion, Piss-a-bed, Puffball, (F.)  Pis-
 senlit, Lion dent.  Order, Compositae.   The young
 leaves  are sometimes eaten  as salad.  The roots
 are, also, roasted and used as  a substitute for
 coffee.   The root, Tarax'acum,  (Ph. U.  S.,)  is,
 moreover, reputed to be aperient and  diuretic;
 hence its vulgar name.  Its efficacy is doubtful.
   Leonotis Ovata, see Leonotis leonurus.
   LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla.
   LEONU'RUS,  from Xewv, ' a lion,' and ovpa, 'a
 tail.'  Lion's Tail.
  Leonurus Cardi'aca, Agripal'ma Gallis, Mar-
ru'bium,  Cardiaca crispa  seu trilobtlta  seu vul-
ga'ris, Herba cardiaca, H. Rata lapi'na, Mother-
wort,  Throatwort, (F.) Agripaume.  Its properties
are those of a nauseous bitter; and hence it has
been used in hysteria and other nervous affections.
  Leonurus Lanatus, Ballota lanata.
  LEOPARD'S  BANE, ROMAN, Arnica mon-
tana,  Doronicum pardalianches.
  LEPAS,  Lcpis,. Itvas, gen. leirabos; Icins, gen.
leirtbos, ' a scale.'
  LEPER, see Leprous.
  Leper Hospital, Ladrerie.
  LEPIA CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestre —
1. Sativa, Lepidium  Iberis.
  LEPID'IUM, from lenis, 'a scale;' so  called
from  its supposed  usefulness in cleansing  the
skin from scales  and impurities.   Pepper-wort.
  Lepidium Campestre, Thlaspi  campestre.
  Lepid'iuM Ibe'ris, lbe'ris, Carclaman'tica, Sci-
at'ica cresses.  This plant possesses a warm, pene-
trating, pungent taste, like other  cresses, and is
recommended as an antiscorbutic, antiseptic, and
stomachic.
  Lepidium SATl'vuM,Zep'i'a sativa, Thlaspi nas-
tur'tium  seu sativum, Nastur'tium horten'se seu
sativum, Garden cress, Dittander,  (F.) Cresson
aienois,  Cresson des  Jardins.  This plant pos-
sesses warm, stimulating properties, and is used
like the last.
  Lepidium Squamatum,  Cochlearia coronopus.
  LEPIDODES, Squamous.
  LEPIDOIDES, Squamous.
  L E PID 0 SAR C 0' MA, Tumor aquamifor'mia
carno'ait8. A fleshy tumour, covered with scales;
from  leirts, 'a scale,' and  capxwpa, 'a fleshy tu-
mour.'  Marcus  Aurelius Severinus describes tu-
mours of this kind in the interior  of the  mouth.
  LEPIDOSIS,  Scaly diseases.
  LEPIDOSIS ICHTHYIASIS,  Ichthyosis—1.
Ichthyiasis  cornigera,  Horny excrescences — 1.
Lepriasis, Lepra—1. Pityriasis, Pityriasis—1. Pso-
riasis, Psoriasis.
  LIPIDOTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium  clava-
tum
  LEPIRA, Lepra.
  LEPIS, Scale.
  LEPORINUM LABIUM,  Harelip —1. Ros-
trum, Harelip.
  LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia.
  LEPRA,  Lep'ira, from  lems, 'a scale.'  Lepi-
cZo'si* Lepriasis, Lepro'sis, Lepro'aitaa,  Vitiligo,
Lepra Graco'rum, Herpea furfurdeciia  circind-
tua, Leprosy, (F.) Lepre, Mal Saint-Main, Dartre
furfuracee  arrondie.   This term has been ap-
plied to various affections, very different in cha-
racter.  1. To the Leprosy of the Jews, Leuee, Le-
pido'sis, Lepriasis cancs'cens, Lepra Mosu'ica seu
Hebrao'rum, — a variety  of the Alphos  or Lepra
alphoi'des.  The leuce was, generally, not scaly,
but consisted of smooth, shining patches, on which
the hair turned white  and silky, and the skin,
with  the muscular  flesh,  lost its sensibility.  It
was incurable. To the ElejJiantiasis'or  Lepra of
the Arabs, see Elephantiasis ; and  ?>. To the Lepra
of the Greeks, which includes all the varieties met
with  at the  present day.  It is characterized by
scaly patches of different sizes, but having always
nearly  a circular form.  Bateman  and Willan
describe three chief varieties of this lepra.
   1. Lepra  alphoides, Lepido'sis Lepriasis al-
bida, Alphos, Morpha'a  alba, Vitiligo ulphue,
Albania alba, Albaraa, Albaroa, Lepre ecailleuae
of  Alibert,  White leprosy.   An affection, charac-
terized by white patches, surrounded by a rose-
coloured areola, which appears here and there on
the surface; depressed in  the middle. 
LEPRE                  507               LEUCOIUM
  2. Lepra nigricans, Lepra melas, Vitiligo me-
lua, V. Nigra, Morpha'a nigra, Lepra macnlo'sa
nigra, Albania nigra, Melas, Lepiilo'sis leprlaaia
nigricans, Black leprosy ; in  which the scales are
livid ; the size of half a dollar; and diffused over
the body, but less widely than in the Alpho'idea.
Tho French pathologists usually admit three spe-
cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets scaly,
(aquameuse,) crustaceoua, (cruatacee,)  and tuber-
cular, (tube.rc.uleuse,) according as the skin may
bo covered with scales,  crusts, or  tubercles.
  .'1. Lepra  rulytlria, Lepido'aia leprlaaia vulga'-
ris, Dartre furfuracee arrontlie, of Alibert, cha-
racterized  as follows:  scales glabrous,  whitish,
size of a crown piece;  preceded  by smaller red-
dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled
by  a dry, red, and slightly elevated border; often
confluent;  sometimes covering the whole of the
body except the face.
  Lepra appears to  be endemic in  Egypt,  in
Java, and certain parts of Norway and  Sweden.
Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con-
tribute  to   its  development.   The means, best
adapted for its removal, are :—a mild,  unirritating
diet, emollient fomentations—sulphureous baths,
fumigations, &c.; but,  often, all remedial agents
will be  found ineffectual.
   Lepra Arabum, Elephantiasis  Arabica—1. Bo-
realis,  Radzyge— 1.  Fungifera,  Framboesia — 1.
Graecorum, Lepra — 1.  Hebraeorum, see Lepra —
1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis — 1. Lombardica, Pella-
gra,—1.  Maculosa nigra, L. Nigricans—1. Medio-
lanensis, Pellagra — 1.  Mercurial, Eczema mer-
curiale— 1. Mosaica, see Lepra — 1.  Norvegica,
Radzyge — 1. Squamosa, Impetigo — 1.  Taurica,
Mal tie Grimee.
  LEPRE, Lepra — I.  dea Coaaaquea, Mal de
 CWiiiee— I. Ecailleuse, Lepra alphoides — I. Hu-
mide, Impetigo.
  LEPRICUS, Leprous.
  LEPROSARIUM, Ladrerie.
  LEPROSERIE, Ladrerie.
  LEPROSIS,  Lepra.
  LEPROSITAS, Lepra.
  LEl'ROSY, Lepra — 1. Black,  Lepra nigricans
— 1. Norwegian, see  Radzyge —  1. AVhite, Lepra
alphoides.
   LEP'ROUS,  Lepro'aua, Lcprolicus, Lep'ricua,
Lepro'dea.   Relating to or resembling or affected
with leprosy ; a leper.
  LEI'S IS, Attack.
  LEPTAN'DRIA  VIRGIN'ICA, Veronica
 Virgin'ica, Calver'a physic.  An indigenous plant,
which grows throughout the United  States, and
flowers  in  August.  The flowers are white, and
terminate the stem in  a long spike.   A variety
with purple flowers has been described, as
  Leptandria  Purpu'rea,  Physic  root, Black
root, Wholly wort, Culvert root, Brinton root, Bow-
man root.  The root  is bitter and nauseous, and
when fresh is emetic and cathartic. In the dried
state it is more uncertain.  Dose of the powder,
gr.  xx to £j.
  LEPTO,  LEPTOS, lenros,  'thin,' 'light'
Hence :
  LEPTOCHRO'A, Lep'tochros, from Icitros,
'thin,  fine,'  and XPoa>  XPola> 'tae  co'our 0I" the
skin : the skin.'   Fineness, thinness of skin.
  LEPTOCIIYMTA,  from  lenros,  'thin,' and
vufiof, 'a juice.'   Morbid thinness of  the juices.
  LEPTOHYME'NIA, from Act™?,  'thin,' and
 .pnv, 'a membrane.'  Thinness, delicacy of mem-
brane.
  LEPTOMERTA, from levros, 'thin, fine,' and
pepos, ' a part'   Fineness, delicacy of bodily for-
mation.
  LEP TON PIQUES, Attenuants.
  LEPTOPIIONIA, Oxyphonia.
  LEPTOSPERMUM  LEUCADENDRUM,
Melaleuca cajaputi.
  LEPTOTHRIX, Leptotrichus.
  LEPTOT'RICHUS,  Leptothrix, from lezros,
'fine,' and Spit;, 'hair.'   One who has fine hair.
  LEPTOTROPH'IA,  Microtroph'ia, Microtra-
pez'ia, from leirros, ' light,' and rpotpn, ' nourish-
ment'   Light nutrition.
  LEPTYNSIS, Emaciation.
  LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants.
  LEPTYSMOS, Emaciation.
  LEREMA, see Dementia.
  LERESIS, see Dementia.
  LERUS, Delirium, see Dementia.
  LE'SION, La'sio, from lasus, 'hurt,' 'injured.'
Derangement, disorder; any morbid change, either
in the exercise of functions  or in the texture of
organs.  Organic lesion is synonymous with or-
ganic disease.
  LESSIVE, Lixivium.
  LESSIVE  DES SAVONNIERS, Liquor pd-
tassae.  Also,  a solution of caustic soda in  water,
containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of water.
  LESSIVE  DE  TARTRE, Liquor  potassae
subcarbonatis.
  LETALITAS, Mortality.
  LETHALIS, Lethiferous,  Mortal.
  LETHALITAS, Mortality.
  LETHAR'GIC, Lethar'gicus, Veterno'sm,  (F.)
lethargique.   Relating to lethargy; affected with
lethargy.
  LETHARGIQUE, Lethargic.
  LETH'ARGY, Lethar'gia, Lethar'gus,  Cams
lethargus,  Veter'nus, Obliv'io iners,  from Ai?3-!7,
'oblivion,' and apyia, 'idleness.' A constant state
of stupor from which it is almost impossible to
arouse the individual; and, if aroused, he speedily
relapses into his former condition.
  LETHEON,  from ln6n,  'oblivion.'   A name
given by some to sulphuric  ether, when inhaled
as an anaesthetic agent.
  LETHIF'EROUS, Le'thifer, Lethdlis, Lethif-
icus, Mor'tifcr, Mortif eroua, from Indn, ' death,'
and tpepw, ' I bear.'  Death-bearing; deadly.
  LETHUM,  Death.
  LETTUCE, Lactuca—1. Blue, Mulgedium  acu-
minatum— 1.  False, Mulgedium Floridanum — 1.
Indian, see Calumba—1. Strong-scented, Lactuca
virosa — 1.  White, Nabalus albus — 1. AVild, Lac-
tuca elongata.
  LETUM, Death.
  LEUCADES, see Sclerotic.
  LEUCiE'MIA, Leuka'mia, from levxos, 'white,'
and 'aipa, 'blood.'  A  condition of the  blood in
which it is deficient in  colouring matter.
  LEUCiETHIOPIA, see Albino.
  LEUCiETHIOPS, Albino.
  LEUCANTA.  Laucania.
  LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri-
caria chamomilla — 1. Vulgare, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
  LEUCE, Lepra (of the  Jews.)
  LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.)
  LEUCITIS, Sclerotitis.
  LEUCOCYTH^'MIA,  from  levxos,  'white,'
xvros, 'cell,' and 'aipa,  'blood.'  A condition of
the blood, which consists  in a superabundant
development  of  the white corpuscles, a disease
which has been observed at  times to be accom-
panied by  enlargement of the spleen  and liver,
and at others by increased size of the lymphatic
glands.
  LEUCODENDRON,  xAIelaleuca cajaputi.
  LEUCCEXUS, see AVine.
  LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria  rediviva — 1.  Luteum,
Cheiranthus cheiri. 
LEUCOLEIN               508                 LEVATOR
  LEUCOLEIX, Leukoleinum.
  LEUCO'MA, from levxos, 'white.'  Oculo'rum
albu'go, Leucom'ma, Leuco'ai8,  Albu'go, Albula,
Ceratoleuco'ma, Ephelotes.   Leucoma and Al-
bugo are often used synonymously to denote a
.vhite opacity of the cornea.  Both are essentially
different from  nebula of the cornea; nebula being
usually the result of chronic ophthalmy  and an
effusion of a milky serum into the texture of the
delicate continuation of the  conjunctiva over the
cornea; — the others are the result  of  violent,
acute ophthalmia.   In this state, a thick, coagu-
lable  lymph  is extravasated from the arteries,
sometimes  superficially,  at other times  deeply
into the substance of the  cornea.  On  other occa-
sions, the disease consists of a firm, callous cica-
trix on this membrane,—the effect of a wound or
ulcer with  loss  of  substance.  The affection  is
more difficult of cure in proportion to its duration
and to the age of the individual; the activity  of
the absorbents being greater in youth.   If inflam-
mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be perse-
vered  in, and, afterwards, gentle stimulants  be
used  to excite absorption; along with  the in-
ternal use of mercury or iodine.
  Leucoma,  Albumen — 1.  Margaritaceum,  see
Margaritaceus.
  LEUCOMMA, Leucoma.
  LEUCOMOR1A, Cuttubuth.
  LEUCONECRO'SIS, from levxos,, 'white,'and
vexpwats, ' death.   A form of dry gangrene,—the
opposite in appearance to anthraconecrosis.
  LEUCONYMPHA3A, Nymphaea alba.
  LEUCOPATHIA, see  Albino, Chlorosis.
  LEUCOPHAGIUM, Blanc-manger.
  LEUCOPHLEGMASIA,  Leucophlegmatia—1.
Dolens puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens.
  LEUCOPHLEG MAT IA,  Leucophlegmaaia,
Hydrop8 leucophlegindtiaa,  Tumeaceu'tia pitui-
to'sa, from  levxos, 'white,' and  tpleypa, 'phlegm.'
A dropsical habit   Some  writers use the word
synonymously with anasarca and oedema; others
with emphysema.
  Leucophlegmatia  ^Ithiopum,  Chthonopha-
gia.
  LEUCOPIPER,  Piper album.
  LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever.
  LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhoea.
  LEUCORRHCE'A, Fluxus vel Fluor mulie'bria,
Profiu'vium ■ mulie'bre, Curau8  matri'cia,  Fluxua
matri'cia, Elytri'tia, Coleoalti8, Colpi'tia, Deatil-
Idtio u'teri, Flxtxio alba, F. Vulva, Ulcus u'teri,
 Catar'rhus genitdlinm,  Hysterorrha'a muco'sa,
 Catame'nia  alba,  Menses  albi, Mcn'strua  alba,
Menorrhag"ia alba, Fluor mulie'bria  non Gal'li-
cus, Blennelylria, Gonorrhce'a  benig'na notha  in-
veterdta, Purgdtio mulie'bris  alba, Alba purga-
men'ta, Cachex'ia uterina, Rheuma u'teri, U'teri
 Cory'za, Medorrhoe'a femindrum  insons, Blen-
norrhoe'a seu Blennorrhag"ia genita'lium, jEdoeo-
 blennorrhce'a  seu Medoblennorrhce'a femina'rum ;
 The  whites; (F.) Fleurs  ou  Flueurs blanches,
Pertes blanches, Econlement blanc, Catarrhe titi-
rin, Perte  uterine blanche,  from levxos,  ' white,'
and psu, ' I flow.'   A more or less abundant dis-
 charge of a white, yellowish, or greenish mucus ;
 resulting from acute or  chronic inflammation or
 from irritation of the membrane lining the genital
 organs of the female.  Vag"inal Leucorrhoea has
 been termed Blennorrhea seu Fluor  albus' vagi'-
 na, Leucorrhce'a, Medorrhce'a vagina, Vaginitis,
 Elytioblennorrhce'a, Golporrhoz'a. — Uterine Leu-
 eorrhcea has received the names Fluor albus uteri,
 Leucorrhce'a seu Medorrhce'a uteri, Metroblennor-
 rhoe'a, (F.) Leucorrhee uterine,  Catarrhe uterin.
 It  is  often  attended with  pain and a  sense of
 Heaviness in the loins, abdomea and  thighs; dis-
| ordered digestive functions, &c, so that, at times,
 the health suffers largely, although there are few
 females who are not occasionally subject to mode-
 rate leucorrhoea. Attention to the general health,
 change of air, keeping up a perspirable state of
 the surface  by flannel worn next the skin, the
 horizontal posture, Ac, do  more  than pharma-
 ceutical agents ; which are  almost entirely con-
 fined  to astringent injections.   Theso may be
 employed, when the discharge  is so great as to
 require them.
   Leucorrhcea Analis,  see  Haemorrhois — 1.
 Nabothi, see Parturition.
   LEUCORRHOIS, see Haemorrhois.
   LEUCO'SES;  from levxos,  'white.'  In the
 nosology of M.  Alibert,  all the diseases  of tho
 lymphatic apparatus.  The 7th  family in his No-
 sologic  In that of Fuchs,  it is a family  of dis-
 eases,  (G.) Leukosen, which includes  the va-
 rious forms of anaemia.
   Leucosis, Leucoma, Paleness.
   LEUK or LOCCTIE,  MINERAL  AVATERS
 OF. Saline, chalybeate waters, about six leagues
 distant from Sion.   They contain chloride of so-
 dium,  with  a little sulphate of magnesia;  sul-
 phate  of lime, carbonate  of magnesia, carbonio
 acid, and protoxide of iron.
   LEUKAEMIA, Leucaemia.
   LEUKOLEIN'UM, Chinolein'um,  Lenkol,
 Leu'coleine,  Leu'colein,  Chi'nolein,   Chi'nolin,
 This substance is the  product of the dry distilla-
 tion of coal: mixed with picolin, anilin and other
 substances,  in mineral tar.   It  is procured, also,
 by  heating quinia, cinehonia and strychnia, with
 as  concentrated a  ley of potassa as can be made.
 Its specific  gravity is 1.081; and it is slightly
 soluble in water, and  miscible in all proportions
 with alcohol, ether and essential oils.
   LEVAIN, Ferment.
   LEVATOR AN'GULI  ORIS,  Abdu'cens la-
 bio'rum, Elevdtor labiorum commu'nis, Caniniis,
 (F.) Sits maxillo-labial,  Petit sus-maxillo-labial
 (Ch.), Muscle can in.  A small,  flat, long, quadri-
 lateral muscle, which arises from the fossa ca-
 nina,  and is inserted at the commissure  of the
 lips, where it is confounded with the triangularis.
 It  raises the  corner of the  mouth, and draws  it
 towards the ear.
   Levator Ani,  Levator  magnus seu internus.
 Latus ani,  Elevdtor ani,  Sedem  attol'lens,  (F.)
 Pubio-coccygicn annulaire,  Sous pubio-coccygien
 (Ch.), Releveur de I'anua.  A muscle, situate at
 the lower part of the pelvis.  It is broad,  flat,
 quadrilateral, and  broader above than below.  It
 represents a kind of membranous partition, which
 closes the  outlet  of  the  pelvis,  and  the upper
 concavity of which is opposed to that of the dia-
 phragm.  It is attached, above, to the posterior
 surface of the body  of the pubis, to  the upper
 part of the  obdurator foramen, and to the spine
 of  the ischium ; and  is inserted into the coccyx,
 into an aponeurotic  line common to  it and its
 fellow, and  into the  lateral parts of the rectum.
 This  muscle supports the  rectum; raises it, and
 carries it upwards during the evacuation of the
 excrement.   It can,  also,  compress the bladder
 and vesiculae seminales, and thus favour the ex-
 pulsion of the urine and sperm.
    Levator Ani Parvus, Transversus perinaei—
 1. Auris, Attollens aurem — 1. Coccygis,  Coccy-
 geus.
    Levator Glan'dula Tyroi'de.e.  A muscle
  occasionally found connected with the upper bor-
  der or isthmus of the thyroid gland; and attached
  superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to the
  thyroid cartilage.
    Levator Menti,  Levator labii inferioris—L 
                  LEVATOR

Oculi,  Rectus superior oculi — 1.  Proprius sca-
pulae, L. scapulae.
  Levator Labii Inferio'ris,  Levator menti,
Elevator labii inferio'ris,  Incisi'vus infe'rior,
Elevator labii inferioris pro'prius, Mua'culua pe-
nicilltltua,  (F.) Iloitppc du menton,  Releveur de
la levre inft'ricur, Re/ereur du menton.  A portion
of the nicnto-lubial of Chaussier. A small muscle
situate before the symphysis menti.  It is thick,
conical; and attached by its apex to  a fossette at
the  side of the symphysis in the inferior maxil-
lary bone.   Its fibres proceed diverging and van-
ishing  in the  manner  of a tuft, (F.) Houppje, on
the  skin of the  chin.  This  muscle raises the
chin, and pushes  upwards the lower lip.
  Levator Labii  Superio'ris Alaeque Nasi,
Incisi'vus latcra'li8 et  pyraniida'lis,  (F.) Grand
ana-maxillo-labial (Ch.,)  Etevateur  commun  de
Vailc du nez et de la levre  auperieure.  This mus-
cle  is a fleshy, thin, triangular  bundle, situate at
the  sides of the nose.  It arises from the ascend-
ing process of the  superior  maxillary bone: thence
its  fibres descend in a diverging manner, a part
being inserted into the ala of the nose, and a part
losing themselves in the upper  lip.   This muscle
raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which it draws
a little outwards.
  Levator Labii Superioris Proprius,  Mua'-
culua incialvu8,  Elevator labii auperiori8  pro-
prius,  (F.)  Moyen  sua-maxillo-labial, (Ch.,) Or-
bito-maxillo-labial.  This  thin, flat, quadrilateral
muscle is situate at the middle  and inner part of
the face.   It arises from the os mahe and the os
maxillare superius, and is  inserted into the upper
lip, which  it raises, at the same time carrying it
a little outwards.
  Levator Pala'ti, Levator Palati Mollis, Petro-
sal pin' go-staphyll nus,  Salpin'go-staphyllnus in-
ter'nus, Salpingostaphylinus,  Pter'ygo-ataphyli-
uua extemua, Sphenostaphylinua, Spheno-paluti'-
nus, Peristaphylinit8 internus superior, Petro-ata-
phylin, (Ch.)  This muscle is  long,  narrow, and
almost  round above ;  broader and  flatter  infe-
riorly.   It arises  from the lower surface of the
para petroaa; from the cartilage of the Eusta-
chian tube; and is inserted into the  substance of
the velum  palati.   Its use is to raise the velum
palati.
  Levator Pal'pebr^e  Superio'ris, Palpebra
8uperioria primua, Apertor Oc'uli, Ape'riens Pal-
pebrdrum  rectus, Reclu'sor palpebrarum, (F.)
Orbito-palpebral  (Ch.),  Orbito - 8U8-palpebral,
Elevateur  de  la paupitre superieure.   A long,
small, thin muscle, situate at the upper part of
the orbitar cavity.  By its posterior  extremity it
is inserted into the little ala of the sphenoid bone,
immediately in front of the foramen opticum, and,
by its anterior extremity, which  is expanded, it
terminates  at the upper margin of the tarsal car-
tilage of the  eyelid.   This  muscle raises the
upper eyelid, draws it backwards, and  sinks it
into the orbit.
  Levator Pros'taTjE, (F.) Releveur de la pros-
tate.  Santorini has given this  name to the ante-
rior fibres of tho  levator ani, which  embrace the
prostate.
  Lkvator Scap'ul.e, Elevdtor scapula, Eleva-
tor  seu Mus'culus  Patien'tia,  Angula'ris  vulgo
Levator  pro'prius, — (F.)  Trachelo - scapulaire
(Ch.), Angulairc de lomoplate,  Releveur de lomo-
plate.   This muscle is so  called, because it is
attached to the upper  and internal angle of the
scapula. It is situate at the posterior and lateral
part of the neck, and at the  upper part of the
back.   It is long, flat, and broader above  than
below.  In this latter direction, it is inserted into
the superior internal angle of the scapula ; and,
in the former, into the  tops of the transverse pro-
9                 LIATRIS

cesses of the first four cervical vertebrae.  It de-
presses the prominence of the shoulder, by raising
the posterior angle of the scapula, on  whieh  it
impresses a kind of rotary motion.  It can, also,
draw the head to one side.
  Levator Ure'thr.u,  (F.) Releveur de I'Ui^e-
thre.   Santorini describes under this  name  a
portion of the transversus perinaei muscle.
  LEVATORES COSTARUM,  Supracostales.
  LEATEN, Ferment.
  LEVER, from levare, 'to lift up.'    Vectis,
Mochlua, Porrec'tum.  An inflexible rod, turning
round a fixed point, and  used for moving bodies,
bearing burdens, or raising them.  The point on
which the lever moves is called the Fulcrum, Hy-
pomoch'lion.  The force which  moves the lever
is called the power; and the weight to be moved,
the reaiatance.   There  are three kinds of  levers.
A lever of the firat kind has the fulcrum between
the power and resistance.  A lever of the  second
kind  has the reaiatance between  the fulcrum and
power;  whilst a lever of the third kind has the
power between  the fulcrum  and resistance.  In
the locomotive  system  of the human body, we
have examples of all the three kinds.  The bones
represent levers: the muscles of locomotion are
powers ; the weight of parts to be moved consti-
tutes the  resistance.  The fulcra are, at times,
the joints; at others, the ground, <tc.  The head
moves on the neck, as a lever of the first kind;
the first cervical vertebra forming the  fulcrum.
We rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second kind,
the fulcrum being  the  ground  under the toes;
and we have examples  of  a lever of the third
kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in
the elevation of the arm, Ac.
  Lever, Hyatero-moch'Hum, Mochlis'cits, Vectis
obstetric"ius, Vectis, (F.) Levier,  is an instrument
curved at  the extremity, and having a fenestra.
It is  used to assist the  extraction of the  child's
head, when instrumental aid is  necessary.  Le-
vers are, also, used by the dentist for extracting
stumps, <fcc.  The Levier de I'Ecluse, Langue de
 Carpe, Trivelin  or  Punch,  is employed for ex-
tracting the molar teeth.
  LEVI'ATHAN PENIS, Pria'pus Ceti,  Bale'-
nas.  The penis of the whale.  This singular me-
dicine was, at one time, given, in powder, in
cases of dysentery and leucorrhoea.
  LEVIER, Lever—I. de I'Ecluse, see Lever.
  LEVIGATION,   Lavigdtio,   from lavigare,
(lavis, 'smooth,') 'to  polish.'   Porphyrizdtion.
An operation, by which  bodies  are reduced to
very  fine powder.  It is performed by putting
substances,, already  pulverized,  into water; the
coarser  parts are not long in  being deposited,
whilst the finer molecules remain suspended in
the water.  The liquor is decanted into another
vessel, and suffered to  remain at rest, until the
fine particles are coUected  at the bottom.  The
fluid part is then separated by decantation.
  LEATSTICUM, Ligusticum levisticum.
  LEVRE, Lip.
  LEVRESGRANDES. Labia pudendi—l.Pe-
titea,  Nymphae—I. de la  Vulve, Labia pudendi.
  LEVURE, Yest—l.  de la Bilre, Vest
  LEXIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
  LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
  LEY, Lixivium, Lye—1. Soap, Liquor potassae.
  LEYS'SERA  GXAPHALOPDES.   A  South
African plant,  Nett. Ord. Composite,  which  is
emollient, and highly recommended at the Cape,
in catarrh, cough, and even in phthitis.
  LEZARD, Lizard.
  LIATRIS  SPICA'TA,  Gayfeather, Bnttint
snakeroot.   An  indigenous  plant,  growing in
meadows  and moist grounds in the  middle and.
5 
                 LIBANOTIS

southern states.  Its beautiful purple  compound
flowers are  in a spike.   They appear in August.
The root has been considered diuretic.
  Lia'tris Scario's a and L. Squarro'sa, Throat-
wort, Sow-wort,  Backache root, Derilabite, Blaz-
ing  atar, Prairie pines,  Rough root, are called,
from their reputed powers in bites from the  rat-
tlesnake, Rattlesnake's master. The roots, bruised,
are applied  to the wound, and  the decoction, in
milk, is given internally.
  LIBANOTIS ANNUA, Athamanta cretensis
— 1.. Coronaria, Rosmarinus — 1. Cretensis, Atha-
manta cretensis—1. Hirsuta, Athamanta cretensis.
  LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia.
  LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia.
  LIBER   PHARMACEUTICUS,  Dispensato-
rium.
  LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clitoris.
  LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous.
  LIBID'INOUS,  Libidino'sus; Lasci'vus,  Ve-
neriv'agus;  from libido, 'lust.'  Lewd; lustful.
  LIBI'DO.  Desire, necessity.  Authors speak
of Libido uri'na, Libido intesti'ni.  Some employ
it synonymously with Prurigo; others, with Sa-
lac"itas, Lubldo, Hi'meros.
  LIBOS,  from  leifiw,  T  distil.'  A defluxion
from the eyes.— Galen.
  LIBRA, Pound.
  LICHANOS, Index, see Digitus.
  LICHEN, leixnv or Itxv, (pronounced liken,)
Exor'mia Lichen, Leichen,  Serpigo,  Volat'ica,
Pap'ula, P. sicca, Petlgo,  Puatula sicca, Sca'-
biea sicca, S. a'gria, Licheni'asis adulto'rum, Ll-
chenous rash, (F.) Gale seche, Dartre furfuracee
volante, Poussee.   The  cutaneous  affection de-
scribed under this name  by the Greek writers,  is
not clearly defined.  Some have believed it to be
Impetigo, but this is doubtful.  The name is, now,
generally applied to a  diffuse eruption  of red
pimples, accompanied by a troublesome sense of
tingling or pricking.  Drs. Willan and  Bateman
define it, — " an extensive eruption  of papulae
affecting adults,  connected with internal  disor-
der, usually terminating in  scurf; recurrent, not
contagious."  One of their varieties, however,
the Lichen Tropicus, does  not accord well with
this definition; for it affects  children as well as
adults, and is unconnected with internal disorder.
  Lichen A'grius, Exor'mia Lichen ferua, Pap'-
ula a'gria, is distinguished by pimples in clusters
or patches, surrounded by a red halo; the cuticle
growing gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy,
often preceded by general irritation.  In addition
to antiphlogistics, a cooling  ointment may be
used, to allay itching.
  Lichen Barbatus Plicatus, L. plicatus.
  Lichen Circumscrip'tus  is characterized by
clusters or patches of papulae, having a well de-
fined margin, and an irregularly circular  form:
continuing for six or eight weeks.  These varie-
ties require  but little  medical treatment.   The
antiphlogistic plan is all that is necessary.
  Lichen Liv'idus.  The papulae have  a dark
red  or livid hue, without any fever.  They are
more permanent in this variety.  It requires the
mineral acids and bark.
  Lichen Pila'ris, Exor'mia Lichen pilaris,  is
merely a modification of the preceding; the pa-
pulae appearing at the roots of" the hair.
  Lichen Simplex, Exor'mia Lichen simplex,
consists of an eruption of red papulae, appearing
first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend-
ing over the body;  preceded for a few days by
slight febrile irritation, which usually ceases when
the eruption appears, — with an unpleasant sense
of tingling during  the  night.   It generally dies
away in ten days or a fortnight.
  Lichen Trop'icus, Exormia Lichen tropicus,
0                 LICHEN

 Eczes'-ma, Es'scra (?),  Sitdam'ina  (f).  Prickly
 Heat, Summer  Rash.   The  pimples are  bright
 red, and of the size of a small pin's head ; with
 heat, itching, and pricking, as if by needles.   It
 is local;  produced by excessive heat; and disap-
 pears when the weather becomes cooler,  or  the
 individual is inured to the climate.
   Lichen Urtica'tiis,  Exor'mia Lichen vrlico'-
 sii8, is another variety.  The Nettle Lichen con-
 sists of papulae, accompanied by wheals like those
 of nettle rash.
   Lichen Arborum,  Lichen  pulmonarius — I.
 Blanc de Neige, L. caninus — I. Boitier,  L. pyxi-
 datus.
   Lichen Caninus,  seu spu'rius  seu  terres'-
 trie seu venasua seu  ciner'eua  terrea'tria, Mnscna
 cani'nns,  Phys'cia niva'lie,  Peltig"era  canina,
 Peltid'ea cani'na seu  leucorrhi'za seu maldcra
 seu amplis'sima seu spu'ria, Ash-coloured Ground
 Liverwort, (F.) Lichen contre-rage, Lichen blanc
 de neige.  This cryptogamous  plant  was, for a
 long  time, considered capable of preventing and
 curing Rabies canina.   It has, also, been used in
 mania and in spasmodic asthma.
   Lichen Cinereus  Terrestris, L. caninus—1.
 Carrageen, Fucus crispus—1. Cocciferus,  L. pyxi-
 datus — I. contre Rage, L. caninus — I. Entonnoir,
 L. pyxidatus—1. Eryngifolius, L. islandicus — 1.
 Floridus  hirtus,  L.  plicatus — 1. Hirtus, L. pli-
 catus.
   Lichen Islan'dicus, L. eryngifo'litis, Liche-
 no'i'de8 Island'icum,  Lobu'ria Islan'dica, Muscus
 lalandicua, M. cathar''ticua, Clado'nin  lalan'dica,
 Phya'cia  Ialandica, Cetra'ria Islandica ;  Parme'-
 lia Islan'dica,  Iceland Lichen or  Liverwort  or
 Moss, (F.) Lichen d'Islande.  This plant is ino-
 dorous, with a bitter and mucilaginous taste.   It
 is esteemed to be tonic, demulcent, and nutrient
 Dose, ^j to iv^, being first steeped in water hold-
 ing ill solution some carbonate of potassa to ex-
 tract the  bitter,  and then boiled in milk.  A bit-
 ter principle has been extracted from it, termed
 Cetrarin,  Cetrari'num, Cetrdrium, which has
 been  given in intermittents.
   Lichen Laciniatus, L. saxatilis.
   Lichen Plica'tus seu hirtua seu barbdtua pli-
 ca'tua seu Floridus hirtus, Parme'liaplictlttt, Ua'-
 uea pliedta seu Flor'ida hirta seu hirta, Muscus
 arbo'reus seu albus seu quemus, Querclni Herba.
 This  plant is applied, by the Laplanders, as  an
 astringent,  to  bleeding  vessels;  and to parts
 which are excoriated after long journeys.
   Lichen Pulmona'rius, Lichen  ar'borum  seu
 reticula'tua, Parme'lia pnlmondcea, Reticula'ria
 officina'lis, Muscus pulmonariua querci'nua, Pul-
 mondria  arbo're,  Loba'ria pulmonaria,  Sticta
 pulmona'cea,  Oak Lunge, Tree Lungwort, Hazel
 Crottlea,  (F.) Lichen pulmonaire.   This  plant is
 sub-astringent, and rather acid.  It was  once in
 high repute for curing diseases of the lungs.
   Lichen Pyxida'tus,  Muacua Pyxiddtus, Scy-
 phoph'orus pyxida'tua,  Mua'culus pyxo'i'dea ter-
 rea'tria, Lichen pyxida'tua major, Lichen coccif-
 erus,  Herba Ignis, Cup Moaa, (F.) Lichen enton-
 noir,  Lichen Boitier, L. Pyxide.   This  plant is
 sub-astringent, and has been used in decoction in
 hooping-cough.
   Lichen Reticulatus, L. pulmonarius.
   Lichen Roccel'la, Parme'lia roccel'la, Roc-
 cella,  R.  tincto'ria,  Seta'ria roccella,  Litmus,
 Lacmus   tincto'rius,  Orchill,  Candry  Archell,
 Chinney  Weed,   Herb  Archell,  (F.)  Oraeille.
 The chief use of this plant is as a blue  dye.   It
 has been  employed to allay cough in phthisis, Ac.
   Lichen Saxat'ilis, L. tincto'riua seu  lacinin'-
 tus, Parme'lia aaxat.'ili8, Imbrica'ria saxat'itia,
 Lobdria  aaxalilia, Muacua Crdnii humdni, Ua-
 nea.  This moss, when found growing on a human
51 
LICHENIASIS
511
LIGAMENT
■kull, was formerly in high  estimation against
head affections, Ac.
  Lichen  Spurius,   L.  caninus—1.  Stellatus,
Marchantia polymorpha—1. Tinctorius, L. Saxa-
tilis.
  LICHENIASIS  ADULTORUM,  Lichen —1.
Strophulus, Strophulus.
  LICHENOIDES ISLANDICUM, Lichen  Is-
landicus.
  LICORICE, Glycyrrhiza.
  LIEBENSTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters, situated in  the duchy of Saxe-Mei-
ningen, are amongst the strongest acidulous cha-
lybeates in  Germany.   They contain sulphate of
soda, chloride of sodium, sulphate  of lime, chlo-
ride of calcium, carbonate of lime,  chloride  of
magnesium, and carbonate of iron.
  LIEBERKUHN'S  GLANDS  or  FOLLI-
CLES,  so  called from their first  describer,  are
fine, capillary, blind sacs, the openings of which
are from l-20th to l-30th of a line in diameter, so
closely  placed over the whole of the small intes-
tine as to give the mucous membrane a general
sieve like  or perforated  appearance.  They se-
crete the 8iiccu8 entericua.
  LIEBERSCHE AUSZEHRUNG'S KRAU-
TER, see  Galeopsis  grandiflora — 1. Brust-
krauter, see Galeopsis grandiflora.
  LIEBAVERDA,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.
Liehwerda  is a Bohemian village, near the Sile-
sian frontier.   The springs are much frequented.
There are four, all of  which are rich in carbonic
acid and contain but little saline matter.
  LIEGE,  Suber.
  LIEN (F.), Vin'citlum.  A band, strap or gar-
ter, used in certain operations;  as  to tie patients
during the operation of lithotomy; to fix the  ap-
paratus in fracture, <fcc.   Also, the spleen.
  LIEN ACCESSORIES, Lienculus—1. Ingens,
Splenoncus—1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus.
  LIEN'CULUS, diminutive  of lien, 'spleen.'
Lien  succenturia'tus seu  accesso'rius.  A  super-
numerary spleen.
  LIENOSUS, Splenic.
  LI'ENTERY,  Lienter'ia, from Icios, 'smooth,'
and evrepov, ' intestine.'  La'vitas seu  Lax'itas
intestino'rum, Diarrhce'a  lienter'ia, Fluxus Lien-
ter'icus,  Chymorrhce'a seu Lax'itas  ingesto'rum,
Bromatoec'cri8ia, Diarrhce'a  Dyapep'tica, D. cum
apepaid, D. Ingeato'rum, Slip'perineaa of the Guta.
Frequent liquid  evacuations, the food only half
digested.   This condition is always symptomatic
of  great irritation  in the intestinal canal,  the
sensibility of which is so much  augmented that
it cannot bear the sojourn of the food in it.
  LIERRE, Hedera helix—I. Terreatre,Glechoma
hederacea.
  LIFE, Sax. lir, lyt, Vita,  Bioa,  Blote, Zoe,
Pncuma, Spir'itus, (F.) Vie.   The state of organ-
ized beings, during which, owing to the union of
an  unknown principle with matter, they are  ca-
pablo of performing functions different from those
that regulate other  natural bodies; all of which
functions,  however numerous   and  diversified,
work to one end.   Life has only a limited dura-
tion ;  beyond  which, — the  organic  functions
ceasing to be executed,—the body is given up to
the agency of  chemical affinity.   Hence  Bichat
has defined life to be — the aggregate of the func-
tions which resist death.   On account of the  dif-
ference that exists  among the vital functions, he
has applied the term Organic Life to the functions
inservient to composition and decomposition ; —
ns  digestion, respiration, circulation,  calorifica-
tion,  absorption, secretion,  and nutrition; and
Animal Life, to the functions which connect man
1. Of the Lower Jaw.
2.  Connecting'   the
  Head with the. first
  and second  Verte-
  bra:, and t/tese with
  each other.
and animals with external bodies; as the under-
standing, sensations, locomotion and voice.
  Life, duration  of, see Longevity — 1. Ever-
lasting, Gnaphalium margaritaceum — 1. Ever-
lasting, sweet-scented,  Gnaphalium  polycepha-
lum — 1. Expectation of, see Longevity.
  Life-Insu'rance.  A contract entered  into,
usually by an insurance company, to pay a cer-
tain  sum  of money on  a person's death, on the
condition  of  his  paying  an  annual  premium
during his life.   The medical practitioner may k
be applied to to certify that the life of the insurer
is one that is insurable  according to the rules of
the company.
  Life, Value of, see Longevity, and Mortality.
  Life's Blood, Cillo.
  LIG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum; from ligare, 'to
bind;' Desmos, Syndea'moa, Colligdmen, Cop'ula.
A name given to fibrous structures, which  serve
to unite bones, and to form articulations; hence
the division into interoaaeoua  and articular liga-
ments.  They are  of a white, close  texture; are
but little extensible, and difficult to break.   The
name ligament has, also, been given  to any mem-
branous fold, which retains an organ in its situa-
tion.

      Table op the Principal Ligaments.

                   (■Capsular ligament.
                    Suspensory ligament  of the
                     stylo glossus.
                    Lateral ligament.
                    Two capsular  ligaments  be-
                     tween atlas and head.
                    Circular ligament.
                    Two capsular  between  atlas
                     and axis.
                    Perpendicular ligament.
                    Two lateral or moderator liga-
                     ments.
                    Transverse ligament  and its
                     appendices.
                    Anterior common.
                    Crucial interverteb al.
                    Ligaments  running  from the
                     edge of the bony  arch ana
                     spinous  process of one ver-
                     tebra to that of the next.
                    Interspinous ligament.
                    Ligainenlum nucha;.
                    Intertransverse.
                    Capsular.
                    Posterior or internal common.
                    Capsular of the heads of ribs.
                    Capsular of the tubercles.
                    Ligamenta  transversana  in-
                     terna.
                    Ligainenta transversaria  ex-
                     terna.
                    Ligamenta cervicis  costarum
                     externa.
                    Ligamentous  fibres   running
                      from the margins of the ex-
                      tremities of ihe ribs  to the
                     corresponding cartilages.
                    Radiated ligaments from carti-
                     lage of ribs to the sternum.
                    Capsular ligaments of the carti-
                     lages of the ribs.
                    Proper membrane of sternum.
                    L.  of cartilagri-eiisiforniis.
                    Tendinous expansions over tlis
                     intercostales, &c.
                    Two transverse,—one superior,
                     one inferior.
                    Iliosacral.
                    Capsular of the sacroiliac syn
                     chondrosis.
                    Two sac-ro ischiatic, — poste
                      rinr and anterior,  with the
                      sipetior and inferior appen-
                     dices.
                    Longitudinal of oscoccjgis
                    Inguinal ligament.
                    Capsular of symphysis pubis.
                    Lisament  of foramen  thyio'
                     detiui.
3. Of the other Verte-
       bra.
4. Of the Ribs, Ster-
     num, ifC.
5. Of the Pelvis. 
LIGAMENT
512
LIGAMENTOUS
6.  Of the Clavicle.
7.  Of the Scapula.
Capsular.
                   f Radiated ligament.
                    Capsular.
                    Interclavicular.
                   ^ Ligaiiientum rhomboideum,
                    Clayiculo-acromial.
                    Conoid.
                    , Trapezoid.
                   \ Anterior triangular.
                   j Proper posterior.
8. Of the  Shoulder- i
       Joint.
                   ( Capsular.
                   I Brachio-utnar.
                    Brachio-radial.
9. Of the Elbow-Joint.l <*>«>»? r.v °<" the ™A™.S-
  k>j    iniuvu, ^»,   ^ Anterior  and posterior acces-
     .                sory.
                   | Intermuscular  of the os  hu-
                   1,  meri.
10.  Carpal Extremity ( Interosseous ligament.
  of Radius and Ulna.) Oblique or chorda transversalis
  and  between  those)  cubiti.
  bones.             (Capsular.
                     Capsular.
                    Two lateral.
                   ( Mucous.
                   f Annular.
                   | Capsular.
                   •( Short   ligaments, — oblique,
                    |  transverse,   capsular,   and
                   (  proper.
13.  Between   Carpal j Artjcular ,atera,

  Znes   MetaCarpal j Straight, perpendicular, &c.

14-  Between the extre-1 Interosseous, at the bases  and
  tnities of the Meta-X  heads, — dorsal, lateral,  pal-
  carpal bones.      (  mar.
15.  Jit lite base of the )
  Metacarpal bone «/[ c    lar.
  the  Thumb, and at y . aJ„,ai
  the first joint of the j
  Fingers.          J
16.  Of the first  and]
  second joints of the ran„n,„.
  7"i-.mft. and second f\\Tt.rl\
  and third joints of \ ljaleral-
11
Between Fore-arm^
 and Wrist.     ,
12. Of the Carpus.
the Fingers.
J
17.  Retaining
  Tendons   of
  Muscles of the Band.
  and  Fingers
  situ.
                   (" Annular.
                     Vaginal or flexor tendons.
                     Vaginal or crucial of the  pha-
                      langes.
                     Accessory of the flexor  ten-
                      dons.
                     Posterior annular.
                     Vaginal of extensors.
                     Transverse of extensors.
                   (Capsular and accessory slips.
]8. Connecting the Os I  Round or teres ligament.
  Femoris with the Os<  Cartilaginous ligament.
  innominatum-      |  Double cartilaginous ligament.
                   (Ligamenta mucosa.
                   f Lateral, — internal  and exter-
                      Inal.
                     External  short   lateral  liga-
                      ment.
                   I  Posterior ligament.
                   I  Ligament of the patella.
1.9. Of the Knee- Joint. \  Capsular.
                     Ligaiiientum alare, — majus et
                      minus.
                     Ligaiiientum mucosum.
                     Two crucial, — anterior  and
                      posterior.
                   [ Transverse.

                     Capsular.
                     Interosseous.
                     Anterior superior.
                     Posterior superior.
                     Anterior ligament of the fibula.
                     Posterior of fibula.
                     Deltoides of tibia.
                     Capsular.
                   (Capsular.
                     Short ligaments.
                     Capsular, broad   superior, and
                      lateral ligaments, connecting
                      astragalus  and  naviculare.
                   I  Superior, lateral, and  inferior,
                   I   fixine os  calcis  to  os cu-
                   ^. boiues.
80.  Connecting   Fi
  bula and Tibia.
21.  Connecting
  Tarsal  with
  Leg Bones.
K. Of the Tardus.
22.  Of the Tarsus.
26.  Retaining   the
  Tendons   of  the
  Muscles of the Foot
  and Toes in situ.
                     Long, oblique, and rhomboid
                      forming  the  inferior  liga-
                      ments.
                     Superior superficial, interosse-
                      ous  and inferior transverse
                      ligaments, fixing the os navi-
                      culare and os cuboides.
                     Superior  lateral, and planlar,
                      which fix the os naviculare
                      and cuneiform.
                     Superior  superficial  and  plan-
                      tar, connecting  the os  cu-
                      boides,  and  os   cuneiforme
                      externum.
                     Dorsal and plantar, uniting the
                      ossa cuneiforniia.
                     The  proper capsular of each
                      bone.

23.  Between  Tarsus^ £aPsu,lar-
  and Metatarsus.   ) Do«al,plantar. lateral, stra.ght,
                   (  oblique, and transverse.
                   c Dorsal,  plantar, and lateral,
24.  Connecting   the)  connecting  the   metatarsal
  Metatarsal Bones, }  bones.
                   ' Transverse ligaments
25. Of  the Phalanges ( Capsular.
    of the Toes.     \ Lateral.
                     Annular.
                     Vaginal of the tendons of  the
                      peronei.
                     Laciniatcd.
                     Vaginal of the tendon of  the
                      flexor longus pollicis.
                     Vaginal and crucial of the ten-
                      dons of the flexors of  the
                      toes.
                     Accessory of the flexor tendona
                      of the toes.
                     Transverse of the extensor ten-
                      dons.

  Ligament, Anterior,  of  the  Bladder.  A
name  given by  the older anatomists  to a por-
tion of the  superior pelvic aponeurosis, which
becomes attached to the front of the neck of the
bladder.              f
  LIGAMENT ARTERIEL, Arterial ligament
—1. Camper's, Perineal fascia—1.  Cervical supra-
spinal, see Supraspinosa  ligamenta — I. Ciliaire,
Ciliary ligament.
  Ligament, Cor'onary,  of the Liver, is a re-
flection formed by the  peritoneum, between  the
posterior margin  of the liver, and the lower sur-
face of the diaphragm.   See Falx.
  Ligament, Costo-xiphoid,  Xiphoid ligament
—1. Dorso-lumbo-supraspinal, see  Supra-spinosa
ligamenta—1. of Fallopius, Crural arch—1. Gim-
bernat's,  see  Gimbernat's ligament — 1. Gloss-
epiglottic, see Glossepiglottic — 1. Infra-pubian,
Triangular ligament—I. Interipineux, Interspinal
ligament—1. of the Ovary, see Ovarium—1. Pal-
mar inferior, Metacarpal  ligament—1. Poupart's,
Crural arch—I. Rond, Ligamentum teres—I. Sur-
Spineux cervical,  see Supra-spinosa ligamenta—
I.  Sur-epineux-dorso-lombaire, see  Supraspinosa
ligamenta.
  Ligament, Suspen'sory, of the Liver, Liga-
men'tum latum, Suspenao'rium He'patia, is a large
triangular reflection, formed by the peritoneum
between the superior surface of the liver and the
diaphragm.  It is constituted of two layers, and
is  continuous,  below,  with  another  reflection,
called the Falx of the Umbilical Vein.  See Falx.
  Ligament, Triangular, Perineal fascia.
  LIGAMENTA  INTERLOBULARIA PUL-
MONUM,  Interlobular  tissue — 1. Interverte-
bralia, Intervertebral cartilages—1. Lata uteri,
see Uterus — 1. Rotunda  uteri, Round ligaments
of the uterus — 1. Tarsea lata, see Tarsea lata  (li-
gamenta).
  LIGAMENTEUX, Ligamentous.
  LIGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous.
  LIG AMEN'TOUS,  Ligamento'aua,  Deamoua,
De8llio'aii8, (F.) Ligameutcux, Desmeux.  Having.
the character,  or relating to, a ligament. 
LIGAMENTS
513
LILIUM
  LIGAMENTS, BROAD, OF  THE UTERUS,
Bee Uterus—I. Croiaea, Crucial ligaments, I. Cruci-
formes, Crucial  ligaments — I.  Jtiunes, Yellow
ligaments — I. Larges de I'ntlrus, see Uterus — 1.
of the Larynx,  inferior, Thyreo-arytenoid liga-
ments—/. Bonds de Vute'rue, Round ligaments of
the uterus.
   LIGAMENTUM DENTATUM, Denticulatum
ligamentum—1.Iridis, Ciliary ligament—l.Nuchae,
Cervical ligament — 1. Posticum Winslowii, see
Genu—1. Suspensorium hepatis, Suspensory liga-
ment of the liver—1. Suspensorium testis, Guber-
naculum testis.
   LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature—1. Linguae, Apho-
nia.
   LIGATION, see Ligature.
   LIGATURA,  Ligature, Fascia — 1. Glandis,
Phimosis.
   LIG'ATURE, Ligatu'ra, Ligdtio, Alligatu'ra,
Deliga'tio, Vinctu'ra, Faacia, Epid'eaia, from ligo,
'I bind.'  This word  has various  acceptations.
It means, 1.  The thread with which an artery or
vein  is tied, to prevent or arrest hemorrhage.
2. The cord, or thread, or wire, used  for remov-
ing tumours, <fec.  3. The bandage used for phle-
botomy.  Ligature is, also, sometimes applied  to
the act of tying an  artery or considerable vessel
—Ligcltion.   When the artery alone is tied, the
ligature is said to  be immediate;  when any of
the surrounding parts arc included, it is said  to
be mediate.  The ligature occasions obliteration
or adhesion  of  the  arterial parietes, by  cutting
through tho middle and internal coats;  the adhe-
sion being favoured  by the formation of a coagu-
lum,  which  acts,  in some  degree, as a barrier
against tho  impulse of the blood, and  subse-
quently disappears by absorption.
   LIGHT, Sax. leohc, lihc,  (G.) Licht — Lux,
Lumen, Phoa, (F.) Lumilre.  An extremely rare
fluid ; diffused over the universe ; emanating from
the sun and fixed stars; traversing  more than
four  millions of leagues in a minute; passing
through transparent bodies, which refract it ac-
cording to their density and  combustibility ; and
arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected
at an angle  equal to the angle of incidence.   It
is the cause  of colour in all bodies, being entirely
reflected by white surfaces and absorbed by black.
It is decomposed in passing through a transpa-
rent prism into seven rays—red, orange, yellow,
green, blue,  purple,  and violet.
   Light acts upon the body as a gentle and salu-
tary stimulus.   It urges to exercise, whilst pri-
vation of it induces  sleep and inactivity, and dis-
poses to obesity.  Hence It is, that, in rural eco-
nomy, animals which are undergoing the process
of fattening  are kept in obscurity.  When vege-
tables are deprived of light, their nutrition is in-
terfered with, and they become etiolated.  To  a
certain extent this applies to animals, and there
is every reason  to believe, that want of light pre-
vents the  due development of organized bodies.
It has been  found that, when tadpoles were de-
prived of light, they did not undergo the perfect
metamorphosis  into the frog, but that monstrosi-
ties from arrest of development were induced.
   LIGHTNING, Astrape.
   LIGHTS,  RISING OF THE, Cynanche tra-
chealis.
   LIGXE.  Line — I. Apre, Linea aspera — I.
Blanche, Linea  alba—I- Courbe, Curved line—I.
M$diaue de Vabdomen, Linea alba—I. Soua-tro-
chaittrienne, Linea aspera.
   LTGNIN,  from Lignum, 'wood.'  Ligneous  or
woody fibre; the fibrous structure of vegetable'
substances.
   LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum—1. Aspalathi,
Agalloehnra—L Benedictum, Guaiacum—1. Brasi-
       33
lianum rubrum, Hsematoxylon campechianum—
1. Caeruleum, Hsematoxylon campechianum — L
Campechense,  Hsematoxylon  campechianum—1.
Campechianum, Hsematoxylon campechianum—
1. Campescanum, Hsematoxylon campechianum—
1. Colubrinum, see  Strychnos — 1. Febrifugum,
Quassia — 1. Heematoxyli, Hsematoxylon campe-
chianum—1. Indicum, Guaiacum,  Haematoxylou
campechianum—1. Infelix, Sambucus—1. Nephri-
ticum, Guilandina Moringa (the wood)—1. Pava-
nse, Croton tiglium—1. Quassise, see Quassia—1.
Sanctum, Guaiacum — 1.  Sandalinum, See Ptero-
carpus santalinus—1. Sappan, ILematoxylon cam-
pechianum—1. Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpenti-
num—1. Vitse, Guaiacum.
  LIGNYODES,  Fuliginous.
  LIGNYS, Fuligo.
  LIG'ULA, Lin'gula.   The  clavicle; also, the
glottis and epiglottis.   A measure  containing
3 drachms  and a scruple, or about, half an ounce.
Also, a species of bandage or ligature. — Scribo-
nius.
  LIGUSTICUM  CAPILLACEUM,  ^Ethusa
meum — 1. Carvi, Carum — 1. Fceniculum, Ane-
thum.
  Ligus'ticum Levis'ticum, from KiyvartKos, ap-
pertaining to Liguria.  Levia'ticum, Lamrp ilium
German'icum, Liguaticum,  Angel'ica  levis'ticum
seu  paludapifo'lia,  Lovage,  (F.) Licechc, Ache
des montagnes. The properties of this plant are
said to be stimulant, carminative, emmenagogue,
&c.
  Ligusticum Meum, ^thusameum—1. Phellan-
drium, Phellandrium aquaticum.
  Ligusticum Podagra'ria, Podagra'ria agopo'-
dium, JEgopo' dium  podagraria, Sison podagra'-
ria,  Pimpinella  angelicafo'lia, Sium vulgdre,
Tragosellnum angel'ica,  Ses'eli agopo'dium, An-
gelica sylvestris, Gout-weed.  A British  plant,
once considered useful in cases of gout.
  Ligusticum Silaus, Peueedanum silaus.
  LIGUSTRUM ^EGYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in-
ermis.
  LlGUS'TRUM  Vulga're, Privet, Privy,  (F.)
Tro'ene.  A shrub, whieh grows wild both in Eu-
rope  and the United States, usually in hedges.
The leaves are astringent and  bitter; and the
flowers,  which are snow-white, and of an agree-
able odour, have  been employed in decoction in
sore throat, and ulcerous  stomatitis.  The berries
are said  to be cathartic.
  LIGYSMA, Distortion.
  LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris—1. Vul-
garis, Syringa vulgaris.
  LI LI, Lilium Paracelsi.
  LILIA'GO.  Dim. of  Lil'ium,  the lily; Spi-
derwort; Lilias'tmm. This  plant was formerly
said to he alexipharmic and carminative.
  LILIASTRUM,  Liliago.
  LIL'IUM CAN'DIDUM, L. album, Orinon.
The white  lily. (F.) Lis blanc.  The infusion of
the  flowers of the  lily in olive oil is emollient,
and often applied externally, under the name of
Lily  oil, (F.y Huile  de  lis.  The scales of the
bulb, roasted, are sometimes  employed as matu-
ratives.
  Lilium Convallium, Convallaria maialis.
  Lilium  Paracel'si,  Tinctu'ra Metallo'rum,
 Lili.  A medicine  employed by Paracelsus.  It
was prepared  by melting in a  crucible four ounces
of each  of the following alloys : Antimony and
iron, antimony and  tin' antimony and copper, pre-
viously mixed with eighteen ounces of nitrate of
potassa and as much salt of tartar.  The melted
mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified
alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set
at liberty  by  the decomposition experienced by
the nitre and salt  of tartar.  The Lilium Paracslsi 
LILY
514
LINEAMENT
was used as a cordial.  It entered into the com-
position of the  theriacal elixir, <fcc.
  LILY, GROUND, Trillium latifolium—1. May,
Convallaria maialis—1. Pond, Nelumbium luteum
— 1. Pond, AVhite, Nymphaea odorata — 1. Toad,
Nymphaea odorata—1. of the Valley, Convallaria
maialis — 1. AVater, little, Brasenia hydropeltis—
I. AVater,  sweet, Nymphaea odorata — 1.  Water,
sweet-scented,  Nymphsea  odorata — 1.  Water,
white, Nymphaea alba — 1. Water, yellow, Nym-
phaea lutea—1.  AVhite, Lilium candidum, Nelum-
bium luteum.
  LIMA,  CLIMATE OF.   The climate of Peru
does not appear to be favourable  to the genera-
tion of consumption; and  Lima would seem to
be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina-
rian.   Many have been benefited by a residence
there ; but when they have gone farther south, as
to Chili, the effect, according to Dr. M. Burrough,
has generally been fatal.
  LIMA DENTARIA, Scalprum dentarium.
  LIMAQIEN (F.), from limacon, the cochlea of
the ear.  A branch of the acoustic or labyrinthie
nerve sent to the cochlea.
  LIMACON,  Cochlea, Limax — I. Rampea du,
see Cochlea.
  LIMACIIM CORNUA, see Lachrymal puncta.
  LIMANCHIA, Abstinence.
  LIMA'TIO,  from lima,  'a  file.'  Filing:  an
operation  employed by the dentist more  espe-
cially to prevent immediate contact of  the  teeth
with each  other.
  LIMATURA FERRI, Ferri Limatura.
  LIMAX, Helix,  Slug or Snail,  (F.) Lima-
con, Colimacon, Eacargot.   A  syrup has  been
prepared from  these  animals, which has  been
given in phthisis, <fec.  The raw snails have also
been  taken in  consumption.  They have  been
used as food.
  LIMB,  Membrum.
  LIMBUS ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border—
1. Luteus retinae, see Foramen centrale—1. Poste-
rior corporis striati, Taenia  semicircularis.
  LIME.   A fruit like a small  lemon, the  juice
of which  is  strongly acid, and  much used  for
making punch.   It is, also, used in long voyages
as an antiscorbutic, Ac.   It is a species of lemon,
the fruit of Citrus acida.
  Lime, Calx—1. Carbonate of, Creta,—1. Chloride
of, Calcis chloridum—1. Chlorite of, Calcis  chlo-
ridum—1.  Chloruret of, Calcis chloridum—1. Hy-
drate of, see Calx — 1. Hypochlorite of, Calcis
chloridum — 1.  Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis
murias — 1. Oxymuriate of, Calcis chloridum—1.
flaked, see Calx—1. Sulphuret of, Calcis sulphu-
retum—1.  Tree,  Tilia—1. Water, Liquor calcis—
1. Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus.
  LIMICUS, Hungry.
  LIMITROPHES, see Trisplanchnic nerve..
  LIMNE, Marsh.
  LIMNE'MIC,  Limna'mic, Limnhe'mic,  Lim-
na'micua, Limnha'micua, from lipvn, ' a marsh,'
and 'atjia,  'blood.'  An epithet given to affections
induced by paludal emanations;  (F.) Affectiona
limnhemiquea.
  LIMOCTON'IA,  Abstinence.   Abstinence to
death. Death from hunger; from liuos,  'hunger,'
and ktovos, ' death.'  Suicide by hunger.
  LIMODES, Hungry.
  LIMON, see  Citrus medica.
  LIMONADA, Lemonade.
  LIMONADE, Lemonade—I. Gazeuae, see Le-
monade— I.  Seche, Lemonade, dry; see  Citric
acid.
  LIMONIUM, Statice limonium—1. Malum, see
Citrus medica.
  LIMONUM BACCA, s e Citrus medica.
  LIMOS, lipos, 'hunger.'  Hence:
  LIMO'SIS,  Stomach diaeaae, Morbid appetite.
A genus in the class Cceliaca, order Enterica, of
Good.
  Limosis Cardialgia Mordens, Cardialgia—1.
Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosis—1. Dyspepsia, Dys-
pepsia—1. Expers, Anorexia—1. Expers protracta,
Fasting — 1. Flatus,  Flatulence — 1. Hclluonum,
Gluttony—1. Pica, Malacia.
  LIMOTHERAPEI'A,  Neatitherapela, Neato-
therapei'a,  Neatiatri'a,  Peinotherapla, Curatio
morbi per ine'diam, from  lipos, ' hunger,'  and
Sepanua, 'treatment'  Hunger-cure.  Cure by
fasting.
  LIMITS, Limos.
  LIN, Linum usitatissimum—I. Grainee de, see
Linum usitatissimum—I. Purgatif, Linum cathar-
ticum.
  LIN AIRE,  Antirhinum linaria.
  LINAMENTUM, Linteum.
  LINARIA,  Antirhinum linaria — 1. Cymbala-
ria, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Elatine, Antirhinum
elatine—1. Vulgaris, Antirhinum linaria.
  LINCTUARIUM, Eclectos.
  LINCTUS,  Eclectos—1. Albus, Looch album—
1. Amygdalinus, Looch  album — 1. ad  Aphthas,
Mel boracis—1. de Borace, Mel boracis—I. Com-
munis, Looch  album.
  LINDEN TREE, Tilia.
  LINE,. Lin'ea, Gramme, (F.)  Ligne.  Extent
in length, considered without  regard to breadth
or thickness.   As a measure,  it means the  12th
part^of an inch.
  Median Line of the Body is an imaginary
line supposed to set out from the top of the head
and to fall between the feet, so as to divide the
body vertically into two equal and symmetrical
parts.
  LINEA, Line.
  Linea Alba, L.  A.  Abdom'inia,  (F.) Ligne
blanche, Ligne me'diane de Vabdomen (Ch.), Can-
did'ula abdom'inis lin'ea, Lin'ea centra'lia.  A
tendinous, strong, and highly resisting cord; ex-
tending from the ensiform  cartilage of the ster-
num to the symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus
near its middle.  The linea alba is formed by the
decussation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal
muscles; and  its use is to limit the movement of
the  chest backwards; to prevent it from separat-
ing too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed
point for the  muscles of the abdomen  in their
contraction.
  Linea As'pera, (F.) Ligne dpre, Ragged ridge,
Ligne aou8-trochanterienne, (Ch.)  A  rough  pro-
jection  at the posterior surface of  the femur,
which gives attachment to muscles.
  Linea Candidula Abdominis, L. alba—1. Cen-
tralis,  L.  alba — 1.  Innominata, Ilio-pectinea
Linea.
  LINE.E SEMILUNA'RES are the lines,which
bound the outer margin of the recti  muscles of
the abdomen.   They are formed by the union of
the  abdominal tendons.  The lines which cross
these muscles  are called Linea tranater' aa.
  LinejE Tib'l*:, An'guli tib'ia.  Sharp lines on
the tibia.
  Linea Transversa, see L. semilunares, and
Processus teretes.
  LINE AIRE, Linear.
  LIN'EAMENT, Lineamen'tum, from linea, 'a
line.'   A delicate trait observed on the counte-
nance, which  constitutes its  special  character,
enables us to preserve its image, and is the cause
of resemblance to others.  A feature.
  Bonnet gave the name Lineament to the first
traces of organization in the embryo of man and
animals. 
LINEAR
>15
LINIMENTUM
  LIN'EAR, Linea'ria, Linea'riua.  Same ety-
mon.  (F.) Linhtire.  Pathologists apply the epi-
thet linear to fractures which are very narrow,
and in  which the fragments are scarcely sepa-
rated.
  LINE'OLA; a diminutive of linea, 'a line.'  A
email line.
  Line'ol.e Mamma'rum. The white lines on the
breasts.
  LINGUA, Tongue — 1. Bovis, Anchusa offici-
nalis—1. Canina, Cynoglossum—1. Cervina, As-
plenium scolopendrium—1. Exigua,  Epiglottis—
1.  Prognosis ex,  Glossomantia — 1.  Serpentaria,
Ophioglossum vulgatum.
  Lingu.e Avis,  see Fraxinus excelsior—1. De-
tentor,  Glossocatochus—1. Exoncosis, Glossoncus
— 1. Scalpium, Cure-languc.
  LIN' G U A L, Lingua'lie, from  lingua, ' the
tongue.'  Relating or belonging to the tongue.
   Lingual Ar'tery,  Arte'ria lingudlia, arises
from  tho external carotid;  and, after several tor-
tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes
horizontal, and, under the name Ranine, advances
to  the  tip, where it anastomoses with its fellow.
In  its course, it gives off the Doraalia lingua and
sublingual.
   Lingual Muscle,  Lingudlia, Baaio-gloaaua
(Cowper), Gloaaia'nua,  is a small, long, fasciculus
of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue,
between the hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus-
cles, which are on the outside, and the genioglos-
sus, within. This muscle passes from the base to
the tip of the tongue; and, at its sides, is con-
founded with  the muscles just referred to.   It
shortens the tongue, -depresses its point, and can
carry it to the right  or left side.
  Lingual Nerve  is a name which has been
given  to the  ninth pair  or hypoglossus.   It
is,  also, a term  applied to a branch  given off
from  the  Inferior maxillary,  or third branch
of  the fifth pair.   Near its origin it  anastomoses
with, or simply runs close to, the chorda tym-
pani. It afterwards gives off a considerable num-
ber of  filaments, which are  distributed to the
tongue, and some of which are said to have been
even  traced as far as  the papillae ; — a distribu-
tion which has sccasioned it to be  regarded  as
tho Gustatory nerve, (F.) Nerf gustatif.
   Lingual  Salivary  Glands,  see  Salivary
glands.
   Lingual Vein follows nearly the same distri-
bution  as  the artery.  It opens into the internal
jugular.
  LINGUALIS,  Lingual muscle.
  LINGUETTA  LAMINOSA, Lingula.
  LINGULA, Ligula.
  Lin'gula, Linguet'ta lamino'aa.  A thin, trans-
versely grooved  lobule  of gray substance, de-
rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum,
which,  for a short distance, lies over the velum
medullare anterius.
  Lingula Fistula, Epiglottis.
  LINI USITATISSIMI  SEMINA, see Linum
usitatissimum.
  LIN'IMENT,  linimen'tum, Litus, Enchris'ton,
Catachris'ton, Perich'risis, Perichria'ton,Alciph'a,
Aleim'ma, Enchris'ta,  Frictum, Fricato'rium, In-
line'tio, from linirc, 'to anoint gently,' 'to anoint.'
An unctuous medicine, containing usually oil  or
lard,  which is used externally in the form  of
friction.
  LINIMENT  AMMONIACAL,   Linimentum
ammonite — I.  de Carbonate  d'Ammoniaque, Li-
nimentum  ammonia? carbonatis.
  IINIMENT ANTIHEMORRHOIDALE
DE SIEUH ANDRY,  (F.)   This  is formed  of
A'urbonne honey, Olive oil, and Turpentine.
  LINIMENT ANTIPARALYTIQUE,  (F.)
Composed ofsubcarbonate of ammonia, alcoholited
oil, black soap, and oil of rosemary.
  Liniment,  Antiscfof'ilous,  of Hufeland.
It is composed of fresh ox-gall,  White Soap, Un-
guentum altha'a,  Volatile oil of petroleum, Car-
bonate of ammonia, and  Camphor.
   LINIMENT CALCAIRE, Linimentum aquas
calcis—1. Camphor, Linimentum camphoras—/.
Camphri., Linimentum camphorae—1. of Cantha-
rides, camphorated, Linimentum e cantharidibus
camphoratum—I. Cantharide camphri, Linimen-
tum e cantharidibus camphoratum — I. d'Eau de
chaux, Linimentum  aquae  calcis — 1. of  Lime-
water, Linimentum aquae calcis — I. de Mercure,
Linimentum  hydrargyri—1.  Mercurial, Linimen-
tum hydrargyri — I.  Oleo-calcaire,  Linimentum
aquae calcis.       _,
   LINIMENTRESOLUTIF DE POTT, com-
posed of oil of turpentine and muriatic add.  Used
in rheumatism, swellings, &c
   Liniment,  Saint  John Long's.  A liniment
used by a  celebrated empiric at the commence-
ment of the  second quarter  of the 19th century.
It  is said  to have consisted of  oi7 of turpentine
and acetic  acid,  held in suspension by yolk of
egg.  It was a powerful counter-irritant.
   LINIMENT DE SA VON. Linimentum sapo-
nis compositum—I. de Savon opiace, Linimentum
saponis et opii.
   LINIMENT SAVONNEUX HYDROSUL-
FURE DE  JADELOT. Composed of sulphuret
of potass,  ^vj;  ivhite soap,  Ibij; oil of poppy,
lbiv; oil of thyme, 5Jij.  Used in itch.
   Liniment,  Simple, Linimentum  simplex — 1.
Soap, Linimentum saponis — 1. Soap and opium,
Linimentum  saponis et  opii—1.  Soap, compound,
Linimentum  saponis compos.—1. Turpentine, Li-
nimentum  terebinthinae — 1. of \Terdigris, Lini-
mentum aeruginis — I. de Vert-de-gris, Linimen-
tum aeruginis—I.  Volatil, Linimentum ammoniae
fortius.
   LINIMENTUM, Liniment.
   Linimen'tum jEru'ginis,  Ox'ymel JEru'ginis,
 Unguen'tum  jEgyptiacum, Melli'tum de aceta'te
cupri, Liniment of verdigris, (F.)  Liniment de
 Vert-de-gria, Mi el d'acitate de cuivre.  (JEmgin.
cont. ^j ; acet. ,^vij ;  mellis  deapum. pond. ,^xiv.
Liquefied, strained, and inspissated by boiling.—
Ph. L.)  It is used as  an  escharotic and deter-
gent ; — diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera-
tions and in foul ulcers.
   Linimentum Album, Ceratum  cetacei, Unguen-
tum cetacei — 1. ad Ambustiones, L. aquae  calcis.
   Linimentum Ammo'nia,  Sapo ammoniacdlia,
Linimen'tum  ommonia'tum  seu ammo'nicum seu
Anglica'num, Sapo amino'nia olea'ceua, Unguen'-
tum album  resol'vcns, Oleum ammonia'tum, Lini-
mentum ammo'nia, Strong liniment of ammonia,
(F.) Liniment volatil ou ammoniacal,  Savon am-
moniacal.  (Liq. amnion, f^j ;  olei oliva, f3ij.
Mix.—Ph. U.S.)   A stimulating and rubefacient
soap.
   Linimentum Ammo'xi.e Carbona'tis, Liniment
of aubcarb'onate  of ammo'nia, Linimentum am-
mo'nia, Linimentum volat'ile. Hartshorn and oil,
(F.) Liniment de  carbonate d''ammoniaque.  (So-
fut. aubcarb. amnion, f^j ; olei oliv. f^iij.  Shake
till they unite.)   A stimulating  liniment, mostly
used to relieve rheumatic pains,  bruises, <tc
   Linimentum Ammoniatum seu Ammonicum, L.
ammoniae fortis—1. Anglicanum, L.  Ainuioniaa
fortis — 1. ad  Aphthas, Mel boracis.
   Linimentum Aqua Calcis, Linimentum Calcis
(Ph. U.S.), Oleum  lini cum calce, Sapo calcdrius,
Linimentum  ad  ambuetio'nee, Liniment of lime-
water, (F.) Liniment d'eau de chaux, Savon cal-
cairc, Liniment calcaire, Liniment oleo-calcaire. 
               LINIMENTUM

(Old lini, aqua  calcis, aa  f.^ij.   Misce.)  A
cooling  and emollient  application to burns and
Bcnlds.
  Linimentum Arcai, Unguentum elemi com-
positum— 1. de Borate, Mel  boracis — 1. Calcis,
L. aquae calcis.
  Linimentum Cam'phora, OleumCamphordtum,
Sold tio camphora oleo'sa, Camphor liniment, (F.)
Liniment Camphri,  (Camphora, giv ; old oliv a,
f^ij. Dissolve.)   It is used  as a stimulant and
discutient.
  Linimentum Cam'phora Compos'itum, Ward's
essence for the headaeh, Compound camphor lini-
ment. (Camphor, ^ij ; liq. ammonia, f^ii ; spirit.
lavand.  Oj. — Ph. L.)  Itis  stimulant and ano-
dyne.
  Linimentum Canthar'idis, Liniment of Spanish
Flies.   (Cantharid. in  pulv.  ^j ;  Ol.  Terebinth.
Oss.  Digest for three hours by  means of a water
bath, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)  Used as an exci-
tant liniment in typhus, <!kc.
  Linimentum  e  Cantharid'ibus  Camphora'-
tum, Camph'orated liniment of canthar'idea, (F.)
L. cantharide camphre. (Tinct. cantharid. 3jss ;
ol. amygd. dulc. ^iv; sapon. amygd. ^j ; camphor.
gss.  Dissolve  the camphor  in the oil, and add
this mixture to the tincture and soap. — Ph. P.)
Rubefacient, and  discutient.
  Linimentum  Hydrar'gyri,  Mercn'rial lini-
ment, (F.) L. de Mercure.  ( Ung. Hyd. fort., adip.
])rap. ail ^ iv;  camphora, 3jj ;  sp. reet. gtt. xv;
liquor amnion, f^iv.  Rub the camphor with the
spirit; add the ointment and lard; and, lastly,
gradually add the solution.—Ph. L.)  It is used
as a stimulant and discutient to venereal swel-
lings, &c.
  Linimentum Plumbatum, Unguentum plumbi
superacetatis—1.  Saponaceum opiatum, L. sapo-
nis et opii.
  Linimentum Sapona'ceum  Hydrosulphura'-
tum.  (Common Soap, 500 p.  Liquefy in a water
bath in  an earthen vessel;  and add white poppy
oil, 250  p. Mix intimately, and add dry sulphuret
of potasa, 100 p.  Beat together, and add oil of
poppy-aeed, 750 p.—Ph. P.)  In cutaneous affec-
tions, as psora, herpes,  &c.
  Linimentum Saponato-camphoratum,  L. Sa-
ponis camphoratum.
  Linimentum Sapo'nis, Tinctu'ra aaponia cam-
phora'tit (Ph. U.S.), Camphorated Tincture of Soap,
Soap Liniment. (Saponia concis. ^iv ; camphor.
|jij ; Ol. Roamarin. f^ss;  alcohol,  Oij.   Digest
the soap and alcohol in a water bath, until the
former is dissolved;  filter, and add the camphor
and  oil. — Ph. U.  S.)   Used in  sprains, bruises,
and as an embrocation.
  Linimentum Sapo'nis  Camphora'tum, L.  S.
compos'itum,  L. Sapondto-camphordtum,  Bal'-
samum opodeldoc, Tinctura saponis camphora'ta
(Ph. U.  S.), Opodel'doch, Steer's opodeldoch, (F.)
L. de Savon. Compound Soap  Liniment. (Sapon.
rasur. ^iv; Camphor, ^ij;  Ol. Rosmarini, f^ss;
Aqua, f^iv ;  Alcohol. Oij.  Mix the alcohol and
water; digest the soap in the mixture by means
of a water bath, until it is dissolved; filter, and
add  the  camphor  and oil.—(Ph. U. S.) Stimulant
and  anodyne; in  bruises, local pains, Ac.
  Freeman's Bathing Spirits consist of Un. sapon
comp. coloured with Daffy's elixir.
  Jackson'a Bathing Spirits differ from Freeman's
in the addition of some essential oils.
  Linimentum Sapo'nis et Opii, L. sapona'ceum
opidtum, Soap and opium liniment, Batea's ano-
dyne balsam, Balsamum anodynum,  Tinctura sa-
ponis et opH, (F.)^£. de Savon opiace. (Saponia
duri. jiv ; opii, ^j ; camphora, ^ij ; olei roria-
marin. f^ss; alcohol, Oij. — Ph. E.)  Anodyne;
in chronic rheumatism and local pains in general.
6                   LIP

   Linimentum Simplex, Simple Liniment.  (Ol.
 oliv. 4 p.;  cera alba, 1 p. fiat linimentum.—Ph.
 E.)   Emollient: used in chaps,  &c.
   Linimentum Simplex, Unguentum cerae.
   Linimentum Terebin'thina, Turpen'tine lini-
 ment. (Cerat, reaina,Yh'y, ol. terebinth. Oss.  Melt
 the cerate and stir in  the oil.)  A stimulant; ap-
 plied to burns, <fec.
   Linimentum A'olatile, L. ammonia* carbonatis.
   LINNiE'A, L. Borcdlis.  This plant, oalled
 after Linnaeus, has a bitter, sub-astringent taste;
 and  is used, in  some places, in the form of fo-
 mentation, in rheumatic pains.  An infusion in
 milk  is used in Switzerland  for the  cure  of
 sciatica.
   LINOSPERMUM,  see Linum usitatissimum.
   LINSEED, see Linum usitatissimum.
   LINT, Carbasus, Linteum.
   LINTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget.
   LIN'TEUM,  L. carptum  seu  raaum,  Linted-
 men,  Oth'one,  Othon'ion, Car'baaua,  Car'baaa,
 Car'pia, Motos, Mote, Motum, Linamen'tum, Til-
 ma,  Xystos, Xysma, Achne, Lint, (F.) Charpie.
 A soft, flocculent  substance, made by scraping
 old linen  cloth, (F.) Charpie rupee, or by unra-
 velling old linen cut into small pieces—(F.) Char-
 pie brute; and employed in surgery as a dressing
 to wounds, ulcers, <fcc, either simply or  covered
 with ointment.
   Linteum  Carptum, see Linteum — 1.  Rasum,
 see Linteum.
   LINUM, see Linum usitatissimum—l.Arvense,
 L. usitatissimum.
   Linum Cathar'ticum, L. min'imum, Chamall-
 num,  Purging flax or Mill mountain, (F.)  Lin
 purgatif.   This  plant is possessed of cathartic
 properties, and has a bitterish, disagreeable taste.
 Dose, gj, in substance.
   Linum Crudum,  see Apolinosis — 1. Minimum,
 L. Catharticum.
   Linum Usitatis'simum, L. arven'se, Common
 flax,  (F.) Lin.  The  seed,  Linum (Ph. U. S.),
 Sem'ina  lini usitatis'eimi, Linoaper'mum, Lin-
 aeed, Flaxaeed,  (F.) Grains de Un, are inodorous,
 and almost tasteless ;  yielding mucilage to warm
 water, and oil by expression.  They are demul-
 cent and emollient.  Linseed, when ground  into
 powder, forms a good emollient poultice.  It  is
 only necessary  to  stir the powder into boiling
 water.  The oil, Oleum lini, Flaxaeed oil,  (F.)
 Huile de Lin, is emollient and demulcent.
   LIONDENT, Leontodon taraxacum.
   LION'S  FOOT,  Nabalus albus, Prenanthes —
 1. Tail, Leonurus.
   LIOPODIA, Leiopodes.
   LIOPUS, Leiopus.
   LIP, Sax. and Germ. Lip'pe, Cheiloa, Ldbium,
 Ldbrum,  (F.) Llvre.   [In Entomology, labium
 means the lower lip, — ldbrum, the upper.]   The
 lips are composed of different muscular fasciculi,
 nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin and mu-
 cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe
 the anterior aperture of that cavity; and are iri-
 servient to mastication, pronunciation,  Ac. They
 are distinguished into upper and lower — Ano-
 chei'lon, and Catochellon — and are  placed  in
 front of each jaw, forming between them the an-
 terior aperture of the mouth.  They unite at each
 side, and form what are called the anglea or com-
 miaaurea of the mouth—Chalini. Their free edge
 is covered with a mucous membrane, of a more
 or less livid red,  according to  the individual.
 They receive their arteries from  the  external
 carotid.  Their veins  open into the two jugulars.
 Their lymphatic vessels descend into the gan-
 glions situate beneath the chin.  Their nerves
 are derived from the infra-orbitar,  mental, and
 facial.
5: 
LIPA
517
LIQUOR
  Lips, La'bia, (F.) Livrcs de la mire, are folds
belonging to the genital  organs of the female,
and  distinguished into—1. Labia  puden'di seu
Cunni seu majo'ra, Epiei'a, Ala puden'di mulie'-
bria, Hytrochd'lidea, Rupea, Ala majo'res, Crem!-
noi,  (F.) Grandes LZvrea.  These are  two mem-
branous  folds, thicker above than below, which
limit the vulva laterally, and extend from the in-
ferior part of the mons veneris to the  perinaeum.
They unite anteriorly and posteriorly, forming
commissures;  the posterior of which is  called
Fourchette.  Their outer surface is convex ; formed
of skin and covered with  hair.  The  inner  sur-
face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane,
continuous with that lining the other parts of the
vulva.  The space between the skin and mucous
membrane is filled with a  fatty tissue and fibrous
bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginse mus-
cle,  vessels, and nerves.
   We speak, also, of the  lipa  of a wound, ulcer,
&c, when alluding to the  edges of these solutions
of continuity.
   LIPA, Xiira, fat; also, Lippitudo.
   LI'PARA, from litrapos, 'fatty,' and Xiira, 'fat.'
 Plasters, containing much oil or fat.
   LIPARIA, see Polysarca.
   LIPAROCE'LE, Lipoce'le, from Imapos, 'fatty,'
and  Knln, ' tumour.'  Lipo'ma,  or fatty tumour
of the scrotum, Her'nia pinguedino'aa scroti.
   LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade.
   LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia.
   LIPAROTRICH'IA, from  Imapos,  'fat,' and
Spif, 'hair.'  Too great oiliness of the hair.
   LIPASMA. see Polysarcia.
   LIPEMANIA, Melancholy, see  Lypemania.
   LIPH.EMIA,  Leipbsemia.
   LIPH/EMOS, Leiphsemos.
   LIPO or LEIPO, Xairu, ' I  leave,' ' I forsake.'
 Hence, Leipopaychia, Leipothymia.
   LIPOCELE, Liparocele.
   LIPODERMIA, Aposthia.
   LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos.
   LIPO'MA, Li/po'ma, from linos, 'fat,' 'fatty
 tumour.' A fatty tumour  of an encysted or other
 character.
   LIPOME'RIA, Leipome'ria,  from Xcittoi, 'I
 leave,' and pepos, a 'part.'  Monstrosity from ar-
 rest of development, or from defect.   Deficiency
 of one or more of the parts of the body;  for ex-
 ample, where a person has only four fingers.
   LIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
   LIPOS. Pinguedo.
   LIPOSIS, see Polysarcia.
   LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
   LIPPA,  Chnssie.
   LIPPIA, Adali.
   LIPPITU'DO, Ophthalmia chron'ica of some,
 Lippitude, Blear-eye, Lappa, Lipa, Xerophthal-
 mia, Lcma, Leme, Lemos'itas, Gleme, Glama, Gra'-
 mia.  A copious secretion of the sebaceous hu-
 mour of the eyelids, which renders them gummy.
 It is owing to a state of chronic inflammation of
 the tarsal margins;' the  eyelids being generally
• red, tumefied, and painful.
   Lippitudo  Neonatorum, see  Ophthalmia.
   LIPPUS, Chassieux.
   LIPSIS ANIMI. Syncope.
   LIPSOTRICIIIA, Alopecia, Calvities.
   LIQ UA M U'M IA. Adeps  huma'nus.  Human
 fat — Ruland and Johnson.
   LIQUARIUM. Syrupus simplex.
   LIQUATIO, Liquefaction.
   LIQUEFA'CIENT, Liquefa'ciena,  from liquid-
 it*,  'liquid,' and facere, 'to make.'  A medicinal
 agent, which  seeins to have the power of liquefy-
ing solid  depositions.  To this  clas= mercury,
iodine, &c, have been referred by some.
  LIQUEFACTION, Liqna'tio, Liquefac'tio;
(same etymon.)  Transformation of a solid sub-
stance into a liquid.  It is used  particularly in
speaking of metals and fatty bodies, see Fusion.
  LIQUEUR  D'ALUMINE COMPOSEE, Li-
quor aluminis compos. — I. Arsenicale, Liquor ar-
senicalis— 1. Fumante de Boyle, Ammonia' sul-
phuretum, Liquor fumans Boylii — I. Volatile de
come de cerf,  Liquor volatilis cornu cervi — /.
de Cuivre ammoniacal, Liquor  cupri ammoniati
__I. de Fer alcaline, Liquor  ferri alkalini—I.
de  Sous-adtate de plomb, Liquor  plumbi sub-
acetatis— I. de Potaaae, Liquor potassa—?. de
Soua-carbonate  de  potaaae, Liquor potassae sub-
carbonatis.
  LIQUID, ADHESIVE, MAYNARD'S, Collo-
dion—1. Disinfecting, Burnett's, see Burnett's dis-
infecting  liquid —1. Disinfecting, Labarraciue's,
Liquor  sodse  chlorinata?—1.  Disinfecting,  Le-
doyen's, see Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid.
   LIQUIDAMBAR ASPLENIFOLIA, Compto-
nia asplenifolia—1. Officinalis, see Styrax—1. Pe-
regrina, Comptonia asplenifolia.
   LlQUIDAM'BAR  STYRACIF'LUA, Liquidain'bra,
 Sweet gum.  The name of the tree which affords
the Liquid amber  and Storax liquida, Styrax li-
quida or Liquid  atorax.  Liquid amber is a re-
sinous juice of a yellow colour, inclining to red;
at first  of about the consistence of turpentine : by
age, hardening into a solid, brittle mass.  It is
not used medicinally.
   Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by
boiling. There are two sorts, — one more pure
than the other.   It is used,  occasionally, as a
stomachic, in the form of plaster.
   LIQUIDUM NERA^EUM, Nervous fluid,
   LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza,
   LIQUOR, Li qua'men, Hygron, Hy'grotcs,  (F.)
 Liqueur. A name given to many compound li-
 quids, and especially to those the bases of which
 are water and alcohol.
   Liquor Acidus Halleri, Elixir  acidum Hal-
 levi — i. jEthereus, Ether — 1. iEthereus sulphu-
 ricus, Spiritus  aetheris sulphurici.
   Liquor Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'mi-
 nis eompoa'ita, Aqua alumino'aa Batea'na, Com-
 pound  solu'tion of Alum, (F.) Liqueur d'alumine
 composie.  (Aluminis, zinci  sulphat. sing,  ^ss,
 aqua fervent.  Oij. Dissolve and filter  through
 paper.) Detergent and stimulant.  Used  as a
 collyrium, when properly diluted, in ophthalmia;
 as an injection in gleet, leucorrhoea, &c.
   Liquor Ammo'nia, Liq. ammonia pura, Alcali
 ammoniacum flu'idum, Ammo'nia  liq'uida, A.
 caua'tica liquida,  A.  pura  liquida, Lixic'ium
 ammoniaca'le,  Spiritus salis ammoniaci aquo'sus,
 Aqua ammonia, Aqua ammonia caus'tica, Liquid
 ammonia, Solution of ammonia, (F.) Ammoniaque
 liquide.  (Directed to be made in the Pharm. U.
 S. from muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder; and
 Lime, each a pound : distilled water a pint; water,
 nine fluidounces.   The water is employed to slake
 the lime; this is mixed with the muriate of am-
 monia  and put into a glass retort in a sand-bath.
 Heat is applied so as to drive  off the ammonia,
 which  is made to  pass into a quart bottle  contain-
 ing the distilled  water.   To every ounce of the
 product three and a half fluidraehms of  distilled
 water are added, or as much as may be necessary
 to raise its s. g. to 0.96.   This  Liquor Ammonias
 may also be made by mixing one part of liquor
 ammonias fortior wilh two parts of distilled water.
 (Ph. U. S. 1S42.) Its s.  g.  is  0.960.   Liquor
 Ammonia fortior, Stronger  solution of ammo-
 nia (Ph. U. S.) is an aqueous solution of wnmonia 
LIQUOR                 518                  LIQUOR
of the s. g. 0.882.  Liquor ammoniae is stimulant,
antacid,  and rubefacient.   Dose gtt. to xx,  in
water or milk.
  Liquor Ammonia Aceta'tis, Alcali ammoni-
acum aceta'tum, Alcali volat'ile aceta'tum, Aqua
aceta'tia ammo'nia, Solution of acetate of ammo-
nia, Aqua ammo'nia  aceta'ta, Ace'taa ammonia,
Spirit of Mintlere'rus, Sal ammoni'aeum vegetub'-
He, Spir'itus ophthalmicus Mindere'ri, Sal aceto'-
sii8 ammoitiaca'lis.  (Acid, acetic, dilut.  Oij, Am-
nion, carbonat.  in pulv. add the salt to  the acid
until it is saturated. Ph. U. S.  1851.) A sudorific;
externally, cooling.  Dose, f'^ij to f^iss.
  Liquor  Ammonia   Subcarbona'tis,  Solu'tio
subcarbonatis ammonia, Aqaa carbonatis ammo-
nia, Solution of subcarbonate  of ammonia. (Am-
monia carbon,  ^iv, aqua destillat. Oj.   Dissolve
and filter through paper.)  Use; — the  same  as
that of the carbonate of ammonia.
  Liquor   Ammonii  Hydrothiodis,  Ammonise
sulphuretum — 1. ex  Ammonia et oleo succini,
Spiritus  ammoniae  succinatus—1. Ammonii vino-
sus, Spiritus ammonise.
   Liquor Am'nii, Aqua amnii.  The liquor of the
amnios.   (F.)  Eaux de lamnios.  The  fluid ex-
haled by the amnios, and which envelops the fce-
tus during  the whole period  of utero-gestation.
Itis often simply called the waters, (F.) Les Eaux.
Its relative quantity diminishes as pregnancy ad-
vances, although its  absolute quantity continues
to increase  till the  period of delivery.   In some
women only five or six ounces are  met  with :  in
others, it amounts to pints. It is limpid, yellow-
ish, or whitish; exhales a faint smell, and has a
slightly  saline  taste.   It  contains water in con-
siderable quantity ; albumen;  chloride of sodium;
phosphate  of  lime; an alkaline substance; and
a particular acid.  It facilitates the  dilatation
of  the uterus,  and aids delivery by acting as a
soft wedge  enclosed in its membranes, Poche dex
Eaux, Ac.   It is  probably inservient  to useful
purposes in the nutrition of the fcetus.
   Liquor Amnii,  False.  The fluid  contained
between the amnion  and  chorion  in  the early
periods of foetal existence.
   Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus asthe-
ris sulphurici compositus—1. Anodynus martialis,
Alcohol sulphurico-sethereus  ferri.
   Liquor Anod'ynus Terebinthina'tus.  A for-
mula prescribed by Rademacher in cases of gall-
stone, and  of obstructions and indurations of the
liver and spleen.   It was composed of Hoffmann's
anodyne liquor ^j; rectified oil of turpentine Qij-
Dose 5 to 10 drops.  It resembles the Remede de
Durand.
   Liquor  Arsenica'lis,  L.  potaa'aa  arseni'tis
(Ph. U.  S.), Solu'tio araenicalia, S. araenicdta, S.
araeni'tia  Ical'ica,  Araen'ical solution,  Min'eral
solvent, Ar'senis potas'sa liq'vidua, Ar'scnis potas-
sa aquo'sus, Fou-ler's solution of arsenic, Solvens
minertlle, Italian poison,  Aqua Tofa'na, Aqua
 Toffdnia, Acqua della Toffana, Acqua di Napoli,
Acquet'ta (?),  Tasteless ague drop, (F.) Liqueur
 arsenicalc.  (Acid. Arsenios. in frustulis, potassa
 carbonatis  pur., sing. gr. Ixiv., aqua destillat. q.
 s.  Boil together the arsenious acid and carbonate
 of potassa with twelve  fluidounces of distilled
 water,  in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis-
 solved.   AVhen the solution  is cold, add Spirit.
 lavand. c. f^iv,  and as much  distilled water as
 will make the whole one pint. Ph. U. S.)  f^j
 contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid.  Dose, gtt.  xx.
   Liquor Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi,  see
 Arsenic and Mercury, iodide  of—1. Barii chloridi,
 Baryta, muriate, solution of—l.Bellosti, L.Hydrar-
 gyri nitrici — 1. Calcii chloridi, see Calcis murias.
   Liquor  Calcis, Solu'tio  calcis, Aqua calcis,
 Aqua benedic'ta, Calca'ria pura liq'uida, Aqua
calca'ria usta, Solution of Lime, Lime Water, (T.)
Eau de chaux. (Calcis ^iv. aq. destill. cong.  Pour
the water on the lime, and stir.  Let it stand in
a covered vessel three hours ;  bottle the lime and
water in stopped bottles, and use the clear  solu-
tion.)  It is astringent, tonic, and antacid; and
is used in diarrhcea, diabetes, heartburn, <fee., and
as a lotion  to  foul  and  cancerous ulcers, <fcc.
Dose, §ij to Oss, in milk.
  Liquor Calcis Compos'itus, Aqua calcis com-
pos'ita,  Compound  lime water, Aqua benedic'ta
compos'ita, (F.) Eau  de chaux compose.  (Lign.
guaiac. ras. Ibss, rad. glycyrrh. £ j, cort. saaaafraa,
5ss; acrnin. cor land. £ij, liquor calcia, Ovj.  Ma-
cerate for two days, and filter.)  It is stimulant,
diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in  cuta-
neous affections.
  Liquor Calcis Muriatis, see Calcis murias—
1. Cereris, Cerevisia — 1. Chloreti natri, L.  sodaa
chlorinatae—1.  Chlorini, see Chlorine—1. Chloru-
reti natri, L. Sodae chlorinatae—1. Chlorureti sodae,
L. sodae chlorinatae.
  Liquor Cupri Ammonia'ti, Aqua cupri ammo-
nia'ti, Aqua sapphari'na, Blue eyewater, Solution
of ammoniated copper; (F.) Liqueur ou £ati  de
cuivre  ammoniacal.   (Cupri ammoniat. ^j-  aqua
deetill. Oj. Dissolve and filter the solution through
paper.  Ph. L.) Corrosive and detergent.   Used
externally to foul  ulcers; and diluted with  an
equal part of distilled  water, it is applied by means
of a hair pencil to specks and films on the eye.
  Liquor Cupri Sulpha'tis  Compos'itus, Aqua
cupri vitriola'ti composita.  (Cupri sulphat., alu-
min. sulphat. aa ^iij, aqua pura Oij, acid sulph.
JJij.  Boil the salts  in the water  until they are
dissolved ; then filter the liquor, and add the acid.)
Used as an astringent in epistaxis, &c. It was
also called Aqua Styp'tica.
  Liquor  Cyreniacus, Benjamin — 1. Excitans,
Spiritus ammonise succinatus.
  Liquor Ferri Alkali'ni, Solution of Alkaline
Iron,  (F.) Liqueur de fer  alcatine.  (Ferri ^hss,
acid.nitric. £ij, aqua destillat. f^vj. liq. potass.
subcarb. f^vj.  To the acid  and  water mixed,
add the iron; and, after the  effervescence, add
the clear solution, gradually, to the liq. potassa
subcarb.; shaking  it occasionally till it assumes
a deep brown-red  colour, and the effervescence
stops.  After six hours' settling, pour off the clear
solution.   Ph. L.)  It is tonic, like other prepa-
rations of iron. Dose, f^ss to fgiss.
   Liquor Ferri  Io'didi, Solution of Iodide  of
Iron, Syru'pus Ferri io'didi,  Syrup of I'odide of
Iron.   (lodin. ^ij, Ferri rament.  £j, Sacchar.
pulv. 5 xij, Aqua destillat. q. s.   Mix the iodine
with f^x of the distilled water, in a porcelain or
glass vessel, and gradually add the iron filings,
constantly  stirring.  Heat the  mixture gently
until the liquor acquires a light greenish colour;
then, having added the sugar, continue the heat
a short time,  and filter.  Lastly, pour distilled
water  upon the filter, and allow it to pass until
the whole of the filtered liquor measures twenty
fluidounces.  Keep the solution in closely stopped
bottles.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 10 to 30 drops.
   Liquor Ferri Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu-
riatis.
   Liquor Ferri Nitra'tis, L. F. Sesquinitra'tis
seu ternitra'tis, Solu'tio Ferri nitra'tis.  Solution
of nitrate, territrate  of sesquioxide, or sesquini-
 trate of iron, has been  recommended in chronic
 diarrhoea and dysentery.  Its virtues exactly re-
 semble those of chloride of iron.  It is prepared
 as follows : — Ferri  fli, incis. ^j, Acid,  nitric.
 f^iij, Aq. destillat. q. s.  Mix the acid and  a pint
 of distilled water,  until gas  ceases to be  given
 off; filter, and add distilled water to make f^xiX.
 —Ph. U.  S.)  Dose, 10 to 20 drops. 
LIQUOR
519
LIQUOR
   Liquor Fumans Boy'lii, Sulphure'tum Ammo'-
nia Hydrogendtum, Hydrosulphure'turn Ammo-
nia,  Tinctu'ra  Sulphuris  Volat'ilis, Aqua  Sul-
phure'ti  Ammonia, Boyle's Fuming liquor, (F.)
Liqueur fumante de Boyle.  It is  possessed  of
nauseating  and  emetic  properties, and has been
given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as a
deoxygenizer J
   Liquor Fuming, Boyle's, Liquor fumans Boy-
lii—1. Fuming,  of Libavius, Tin, muriate of— 1.
Genital, Sperm—1. of Hartshorn, volatile, Liquor
volatilis  cornu  cervi — 1. Hydrargyri Bichloridi,
Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 1. Hydrargyri
chloridi corrosivi, L.  hydrargyri oxymuriatis —
1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic and
Mercury, iodide of.
   Liquor Hydrar'gyri Nitrici, L. Bellosti, (F.)
Eau mercurielle, Eau contre la gangrene, Remede
du Due dAntin, R. du Capucin, (Hydrarg. 120
p., acid nitr. (33°,) 150 p.   Dissolve, and add to
the solution, distilled water, 900 p. Ph. P.) Dose,
two or three drops in a glass of water.   Not much
used.
   Liquor Hydrar'gyri  Oxymuria'tis, Liquor
Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi corrosivi, L. Hydrar'gyri
bichloridi, Solu'tion of  Oxymuriate of Mercury,
Liquor Sirictenis, L. Syphililicus Turner!, Mu'-
rias hydrargyri  spirituo'sus  liq'vidus, Soliltio
Muria'tis hydrar'gyri oxygenati, Liquor or Solu-
tion  of Corro'sive Sub'limate  or of  Van Swieten.
(Hyd. oxym. gr. viij, aqua  destill. f^xv, sp. red.
f^j.   Dissolve  in  the water and add the spirit.
Ph. P.)  Dose,  f^ss, or f^j.
   Norton's Drops, Green's Drops, and  Solomon's
Anti-Impetig"ene8—all nostrums—seem to be dis-
guised solutions of Corrosive Sublimate.
   Liquor Hydrargyri Supernitratis, see Hy-
drargyri nitras — 1. Hydriodatis Arsenici et  Hy-
drargyri, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of.
   Liquor Io'dini Compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1842,)
Liquor Iodin'ii  compos'itus, (Ph. U.  S. 1851,) So-
lu'tio Potas'sii Io'didi lodure'ta, Compound Solu-
tion of Iodine,   Lugol's Solution.   (Iodin. gvj,
Potass, iodid. 5 iss, Aqua destillat.  Oj.   Dissolve
tho iodine and  iodide of potassium  in the water.
— Ph. U. S.)  Dose, gtt. vj. ad xij, in sugared
water.
   Liquor Lithargyri  Subacetatis,  L. plumbi
subacetatis—1. Lithargyri subacetatis compositus,
Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
   Liquor of Monro, Solution of Monro.  A so-
lution,  used by  Monro for the  preservation  of
anatomical  preparations.  It was  composed  of
alcohol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm  of nitric
acid to each  pint.
   Liquor Morgag'nii.  The  small quantity  of
fluid contained within the capsule of the crystal-
line lens.
   Liquor Monpni'NA seu  Morphia Aceta'tis,
Solution of Acetate of Morphia, An'odyne Drops.
(Acetate of morphia, gr. xvj, distilled water, f^vj,
dilute acetic acid,  f^'j-)  Dose, from  six   to
twenty-four  drops.
   Liquor Morphi'na seu  Mor'phia  Sulpha'-
TIS, Solution of Sulphate of Morphia.  (Morphia
sulphat.  gr.  viij, aqua  destillat. Oss.   Dissolve
the sulphate  of morphia in the water.—Ph. U. S.)
Dose, t'^.i to  f^ij—containing  from  an  eighth  to
a quarter of "a grain.
   Liquor Natri Oxymuriatici, L. Sodae chlori-
natae— 1. Nervinus  Bangii, Tinctura  aetherea
camphorata — 1. Oleosus Sylvii, Spiritus ammo-
nia* aromaticus—1. Opii sedutivus, (Haden's,) see
Tinctura opii.
   Liquor Opii Skdati'vus.  An empirical pre-
paration by  a London druggist of the  name of
 Battley.  It is  said  to  be an aqueous solution
 of  opium,  evaporated  to  dryness  to get  rid
 of  the acid resin,  re-dissolved  in  water,  and
 a small portion  of alcohol added to  give it per-
 manence.— Redwood.  It is  devoid  of many of
 the narcotic effects of opium.
  Liquor Ovi Albus, Albumen ovi—1. Pancrea-
 ticus,  see Pancreas—1. Pericardii, see Pericar-
 dium— 1. Plumbi acetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 1.
 Plumbi diacetatis, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis.
  Liquor Plumbi SubacetA'tis, Liquor Subace-
 tdtis Lithar'gyri, Solution of Subacetafe of Lead,
 Liquor Plumbi Aceta'tis, L. P. Diaceta'tis, Gou-
 lard's  Extrac'tum Satur'ni, Lithar'gyri Ace'tum,
 (F.) Liqueur de sous-acetate de Plomb.  (Plumb.
 acet. ,§xvj,  Plumb, oxid. semivitr. in pulv. subtil.
 §ixss, aq. destillat. Oiv.  Boil together in a glass
 or porcelain vessel, for half an hour, occasionally
 adding distilled water, so as to preserve the mea-
 sure.  Filter through paper, and  keep the  solu-
 tion in closely stopped bottles.—Ph. U. S.)   It is
 used  externally as a cooling astringent, and dis-
 cutient, when diluted with distilled water.
   Liquor  Plumbi Subaceta'tis  Dilu'tus, Li-
 quor Subaceta'tis Lithar'gyri Compos'itus, Aqua
 Satur'ni,  Ace'tas Plumbi  dilu'tum alcohol'icum,
 Diluted Solu'tion of Subac"etate  of Lead, Aqua
 veg"eto-minerdlis, Tinctu'ra pilumbo'sa, Aqua Li-
 thar'gyri Aceta'ti compoa'ita, Liquor Plumbi Ace-
 ta'tis dilu'tus, Goulard water, (F.) Eau, blanche,
 Eau  de Goulard, Eau vegeto-minSralc,  White
 Wash, Royal Preventive.  (Liq. plumbi snbacet.
 f£>ij,  aqua destillat.   Oj.  Ph. U. S.)   Properties
 the same as the last,  but feebler.
  Liquor Potas'sa, Aqua Potas'sa, Aqua Kali
 Canst'id,  Solution of Potash or of Potassa, Lix-
 iv'ium magistrate, L. Sapona'rium,  Soap Lees,
 Aqua Kali puri, Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'sticum,
 Potas'sa liq'uida, (F.) Eau, solution ou liqueur'de
 Potasse, Potasse liquide, Lessire  dea  Saronniers.
 (Potaeaa carb.  Ibj, calcis Ibss, aqua  deatill.  fer-
 vent, congium.   Dissolve the  alkali in Oij of the
 water, and add the remainder of the  lime.   Mix
 the whole :  set aside  in a close vessel, and, when
 cold,  filter through calico.  Ph. L.)  It is anti-
 lithic in cases of uric acid calculi, and antacid.
 Externally, stimulant and escharotic.    Dose, gtt.
 x to xx.
  Liquor Potassa  Arsenitis,  L. arsenicalis—
 1. Potassae Carbonatis, L. P. Subcarbonatis.
  Liquor Potassa Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate
 of  Potasaa, A'eutral  Mixture,  Saline Mixture.
 (Succ. Limon. Oss, Potaaa. Bicarbonat. q. s.) sa-
 turate by the carbonate of potassa, and filter; or,
 Acid. Citric ^ss;  Ol. Limon.  t\.  ij ;  Aqua  Oss,
 Potass. Bicarbonat.  q. s.; dissolve, saturate by
 the carbonate of potassa,  and filter.   Ph. U. S.)
 Used in fever, but probably of  little or no efficacy.
  Liquor Potassa Subcarbona'tis, I. P. Car-
 bonatis (Ph. U.  S.),  Aqua Subcarbonatis  Kali,
 O'leum Tar'tad per deliq'uium, Aqua Kali, Lix-
 iv'ium Tartari,  Aqua Kali prapardti, Oil of
 Tartar, Saline oil of Tartar, Solu'tion of Subcar'-
 bonate of Potass,  (F.) Liqueur de sous-carbonate
 de Potasse,  Lessive de Tartre, (Potass, subcarb.
 Ibj, aqua  destillat. f'^xij.   Dissolve  and filter.)
 Dose, gtt.  x to xxx.
  Liquor Potassii Iodidi seu Potasse Hydri-
 ODA'tis, Solution of  Iodide of Potassium or of
 Hydriodate  of Potass.  (Potassii iodid. gr. 36,
 aqua  destillat.  f^j.)   Dose, gtt. xx, three  times
a day.
  Liquor, Propagatory, Sperm—1. Prostaticus,
 Prostatic liquor—1. Puris, see  Pus.
  Liquor Sang'uinis.  A term  given by  Dr.
Babington   to  one of the constituents of  the
blood,  the  other being  the red  particles.   Ho
considers, from his experiments,  that fibrin  and 
LIQUORICE
520
LITHODRASSIO
senim do not exist as such in circulating blood,
bui  that  the Liquor  Sanguinis — Plasma, of
Sehultz, Coagulable or plastic Lymph, the Muca-
yo or Mucilage of Harvey, Hewson and others—
when removed from the circulation and no longer
subjected  to the laws of life, has then, and not
before, the property of separating into fibrin and
serum.  It is the oxyprotein of the liquor  san-
guinis, after the red  particles have subsided,
and, according to Mulder, forms the buffy coat
of inflammatory blood.
  Liquor of Scarpa,  Vitrine auditive.
  Liquor Sem'inis.  The  homogeneous, transpa-
rent fluid, in which the spermatozoa and seminal
granules are suspended.—AVagner.   See  Sperm.
  Liquor Soda Chloridi, L. sodse chlorinatae.
  Liquor Soda Chlorina'ta, L. aoda chlo'ridi,
L. 8oda oxymuriat'ica, L. chlore'ti natri, L. chlo-
rureti natri, L. chloreti aoda, L. chlorure'ti aoda,
Natrum ehlora'tum  liq'uidum, L. natri oxymuri-
at'ici,  Aqua natri  oxymurialici,  Labarraque's
Disinfecting Liquid,  Solution  of  Chlorinated
Soda.  (Calcis  Chlorinat. Ibj;  Soda Carbonat.
Ibij ; Aqua cong. iss.  Dissolve  the carbonate of
soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of
heat.  To  the remainder of the water  add, by
small portions at a time, the  chlorinated lime,
previously well  triturated, stirring the  mixture
after each addition.  Set the mixture by for se-
veral hours, that the dregs may subside; decant
the clear liquid,  and mix it with the solution of
carbonate of soda.   Lastly, decant the clear li-
quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass
it through a linen cloth, arid keep it in  bottles
secluded from the light;  Ph. U. S.)  Used in the
same cases  as the chloride of lime.   Internally,
10  drops  to a fluidrachm, for a dose.   Diluted
with water, it is  an excitant  and disinfectant in
various morbi externi.
  Liquor  Soda Effervescens, Acidulous wa-
ter,  simple — 1.  Sodae  Oxymuriaticoe,  L. sodae
chlorinatae—1. Stypticus Ruspini, Styptic, Ruspi-
ni's—L Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus aetheris
sulphurici — 1. Swietenis,  L. hydrargyri  oxymu-
riatis— 1.  Syphiliticus  Turneri, L.  hydrargyri
oxymuriatis—1. Tartari eraetici, \Tinum antimonii
tartarizati — 1. of Van  Swieten, L.  hydrargyri
oxymuriatis.
  Liquor A'olat'ilts Cornu Cervi, L. volat'ilis
Cornu  Cervi'ui,  Volatile  Liquor  of  Hartshorn,
Spir'itus Lumbrico''rum, Spir'itua Millepeddrum,
Spir'itua Cornu  Cervi, Liquor volalilia  oa'aium;
Hartshorn, Spirit of Hartshorn, Bone Spirit, (F.)
Liqueur volatile  de Come  de cerf.  This is a so-
lution of subcarbonate of ammonia, impregnated
with empyreumatic oil.   It  possesses the same
virtues as  the subcarbonate of ammonia.  Itis in
common use to smell at, in faintings,  &c.
  Liquor Volatilis Ossium, L. volatilis cornu
cervi.
  Liquor  Zinci  Sulpha'tis  cum Camph'orA,
Aqua Zinci vitriola'ti cum  Camphord, Aqua vi-
triol'ica camphora'ta, Aqua  ojihthalmica, Com-
mon Eye Water.   (Zinci sulph. ^ss, camphor,^ij,
aq.  bullient. Oij ; dissolve  and filter.)   Used as a
lotion for ulcers; or, diluted with water, as a col-
lyrium.
  LIQUORICE,  Glycyrrhiza —1.  Bush, Abrus
precatorius—1.  Juice, see Glycyrrhiza — 1. Re-
fined, Extractum glycyrrhiza) — 1. Spanish,  see
Glycyrrhiza—1. Wild, Aralia nudicaulis, Galium
circoezans.
  LIQUORITIA, Glycyrrhiza.
  LIRIODEN'DRON, Liriodendron  tulipif'era,
Tulipif'era Liriodeildron, Old wife's shirt, Tulip
Tree, Poplar Tree, Tulip-bearing Poplar, Ameri-
can Poplar,  White  Wood, Cypress  Tree, (New
England,) (F.) Tulipier.  The  bark — Lirioden-
dron (Ph. U. S.)—especially of the root, of this
noble forest  tree, which  is  indigenous  in the
United States, is  a strong aromatic bitter, and
has been  employed  advantageously as a tonic.
An active principle was separated from it by Pro-
fessor J. P. Emmet of the  University of A'irginia,
and has  been called Lirioden'drin.   It is not
used in medicine.
  LIS BLANC, Lilium candidum—I. Asphodile,
Asphodelus ramosus.
  LISERON, GRAND, Convolvulus sepium —
I. dea Haiea, Convolvulus sepium—I. Mechameek,
Convolvulus panduratus.
  LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa-
radrapum  adhsesivum.
  LITE, lirn-  A plaster, formerly made of ver-
digris, wax, and resin.— Galen.
  LITHAGO'GUM,  from ItBos, 'a stone,' and
aym, ' I  expel.'  A remedy which  was  supposed
to possess  the power of expelling calculi.   Also,
a lithotomy forceps.
  LITHANTIIRAX, Carbo  fossilis.
  LITHANTHROKOKALI, Anthrakokali.
  LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum—1.
of Gold, see Plumbi  oxydum semivitreum—1. of
Silver, see Plumbi oxvdum semivitreum.
  LITHARGYRI ACETUM, Liquorplumbi sub-
acetatis.
  LITHARGYRUM,  Plumbi oxydum semivi-
treum.
  LITHARGYRUS,  Plumbi oxydum semivi-
treum.
  LITHAS, Urate.
  LITHATE, Urate—1. of Soda, Urate of soda,
  LITHEC'TASY, from  li6oS,  'a  stone,'  and
cKraats,  ' dilatation ;'  Cystec'tasy.  An  operation
which consists in  extracting stone from the  blad-
der by dilating the neck of the organ, after  mak-
ing an incision in the perineum,  and opening the
membranous portion of the urethra.
  LITH'IA, Lithiasis, Lithogen'ia, Urlasis,
Urolithiasis, Cachex'ia calculo'sa, Cal'culi  Mor-
bus, Lapilla'tio, Genera'tio cal'culi, from ItQos, 'a
stone.'  The  formation of stone, gravel, or con-
cretions in the human body.  Also, an affection
in which the eyelids  are edged with small,  hard,
and stone-like concretions.
  Lith'ia, Car'bonate  of,  Lith'ia Car'bonas,
(F.) Carbonate de Lithine.  A salt found  in cer-
tain mineral waters, which have  been serviceable
in lithuria.  Hence, it has been suggested in that
morbid condition.
  Lithia Renalis Arenosa, Gravel—1. Renalis,
Nephrolithiasis — 1. \resicalis, Calculi, vesical.
  LITHINE CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of.
  LITHIASIS, Lithia —1.  Cystica, Calculi, ve-
sical— 1. Nephretica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis.
  Litiii'asis  Pulmo'num, Pulmo'nes tartarizdti.
The formation of concretions in  the lungs,  occa-
sioning at times Phthisia calculo'sa, Phthisie caU
culeuse, of Bayle.
  Ihthlasis Renalis Arenosa, Gravel — 1. Re-
nalis, Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve-
sical.
  LITHIC,  Lith'icii8.  Same  etymon.   Belong-
ing to lithic or uric acid,  or to  stone:  hence
Lithic Diath'eaia.  Also, an antilithic.
  Lithic Acid, Uric acid — 1. Acid  diathesis, Li-
thuria—1. Diathesis, Lithuria—1. Sediments, see
Lithuria.
  LITHINE, CARBONATE DE,  Lithia, car-
bonate of.
  LITHIURIA, Lithuria.
  LITHOCENOSIS, Lithotrity.
  LITHOCYSTOTOMY, Lithotomy.
  LITHODIALYSIS, Lithotrity.
  LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'aicus, (F.) Litho- 
LITnOGENIA
521
LITHOTOMY
draaaiqne, from liOos, 'a stone,' and ipaoactv, 'to
seize  hold  of.'  An  epithet given to  a form of
Stone forceps—Pince Uthodraaaique—used in the
operation of lithotrity, by MM. Meirieu and Tan-
chou.
  LITHOGENIA, Lithia.
  LITHOID,  Litho'dea, Litho'i'des; from  liOos,
'stone,' and etSos, 'resemblance.'  ' Of  the nature
of stone, or resembling stone : as
  LITIIOIDES OS, see Temporal bone.
  LITHOLABE, (F.) Litholubum.   An instru-
ment, employed for laying hold of a stone in the
bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that lithotritic
instruments can act upon it.
  LITHOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.)
  LITHOL'ABUM,  from lt8os,  'a stone,' and
lapjiavw, 'I seize.'  An instrument concerned  in
extracting stone from the bladder.   It had va-
rious shapes. — Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Hil-
danus.   See Litholabe.
  LITHOME'TRA,  from X<0oj,  'a stone,' and
unrpa, ' the uterus.'  Osseous,  or other concre-
tions of the uterus.
  LITIIONLYTIC, LithOntriptic.
  LIT 110NTHRYPTIC, Lithontriptic.
  LITHONTRIP'TIC, Lithontrip'ticus, Lithon-
thryp'tie, Lithon/yt'ic,  Calculif'ragus, Saxif'ra-
gua,  from  lidos, 'a  stone,' and  dpvirrui, 'I break
in pieces.'  A remedy believed to be  capable of
dissolving calculi in the urinary passages.   There
is not much reliance  to be placed upon such re-
medies.   By  antilithica, exhibited according  to
the  chemical  character of the calculus (see Cal-
culi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented from
increasing; but most of the vaunted lithontriptics
for dissolving the calculus already formed have
been found unworthy  of the  high  encomiums
which have accompanied their introduction.
  LITHOP^E'DION, Infana lapide'ua, Oateopa'-
dion, from li&os,  'a stone,'  and naif,  'a  child.'
A foetus, petrified in the body of the mother.
  LITHOPRINIE, Lithotrity.
  LITHOPRIONE, from  lidos,  'a  stone,' and
jrpiwi', 'a saw.'  An instrument proposed by  M.
Leroy for preventing the fragments of a calculus,
when subjected to lithotrity, from falling into the
 bladder.   It is a variety of litholabe.
   LITHORINEUR, from liOos, 'a  stone,' and
ptveiv, 'to file.' An instrument, proposed by JIM.
Meirieu and  Tanchou  for filing  down calculi in
the  bladder.
   LITHOS, Calculus.
   LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINA'LE, Milium
 Solia, xEgon'ychon,  Groin well, Baatard Al'kanet,
 (F.)  Gremil  officinal,  Herbe aux  Pedes.  The
 seeds of this  plant were formerly supposed, from
 their stony hardness, (ItSos, 'a stone,' and aittppa,
 ' seed,') to be efficacious in calculous affections.
 They have, also, been considered diuretic.
   LiTnosPERMUM Villosum, Anchusa tinctoria.
   LITHOTERE'THRUM, from ItQos, 'stone,'
 and  rcpeiv, 'to rub.'  A lithotritor.
   LITHOTHRYPSIS, Lithotrity.
   LITHOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity.
   LITHOTOME, Lithot'omus, from ItSos, 'a
 Stone,' and repvoi, ' I cut.'  This name has been
 given to a number of instruments  of different
 shapes and sizes, which  are used in  the  opera-
 tion  for the stone, to cut the neck or  body of the
 bladder.  They ought, with more propriety, to be
 called Cystotomes.
   The  Lithotome CachS  of Frere Come  is the
 most known, and is still  occasionally used.  It
 is composed of a handle, and a flattened  sheath,
 slightly curved: in  this there is  a cutting blade,
 which can be forced out, by pressing  upon a bas-
cule or lever, to aDy extent that may be wished
by the operator.
  A Double Lithotome was used by Dupuytren
in his bilateral operation.  See Lithotomy.
  LITHOT'OMIST.   Same  etymon.  Lithot'o-
mus.  One who devotes himself entirely to ope-
rating for the  stone.  One who practises litho-
tomy.
  LITHOT'OMYT, Lithotom'ia, Cyatotom'ia, Uro-
lithotom'ia, Sectio veaicdli8, Lithocyatolomy, same
etymon.  (F.) Taille.  The operation by which a
stone is  extracted  from the  bladder.  The dif-
ferent methods, according to which this opera-
tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin-
cipal ; each of  which has experienced numerous
modifications.
  1. The Method of Ceteue, 3Ieth'odue Celaidna,
Cyatotom'ia cum appardtu parvo, Appardtua Mi-
nor, Cutting on the Gripe.  This consisted in cut-
ting upon the stone, after having made it project
at the perinaeum by means of the fingers intro-
duced into  the rectum.  This method was  at-
tended with several inconveniences; such as the
difficulty of dividing the parts neatly, injury done
to the bladder, as  well  as the  impossibility of
drawing down  the stone  in many persons.   It is
sometimes,  also, called Metllodus Guytonidna;
from  Guy de  Chauliac  having  endeavoured to
remove from it the discredit into which it had
fallen in his time.  It was termed Apparatus Mi-
nor, (F.) Le petit appareil, from the small num-
ber of instruments  required in it.
  2.  Apparatus Major.   This  method was  in-
vented, in 1520, by John de Romani, a surgeon
of Cremona, and communicated by him to Mari-
ano-Santo-di-Barletta, whence it was long called
Mariano's Method, Sec'tio Maria'na.   It  was
called, also, Apparatus Major, and Cystotom'ia vel
Meth'odus cum appardtu magno,  (F.) Le grand
appareil, from the number  of instruments re-
quired in it.  An incision was made on the me-
dian  line; but  the neck  of the bladder was not
comprehended in it.  It was merely dilated.  The
greater apparatus was liable to many inconveni-
ences, such as ecchymoses; contusion; inflam-
mation of the neck of the bladder; abscesses;
urinary  fistulse ; incontinence of urine; impo-
tence, <fec.
   3.  The High Operation, Apparatus altus, Cys-
 totom'ia cum  apparatu alto, C. Hypogaa'trica,
 Epicystotom'ia,  Laparocyatotom'ia,  Sectio  seu
 Meth'odua  Franconia'na, S.  Hypogaa'trica, S.
 alta, (F.) Hunt appareil, Taille Hypogastrique,
 Taille 8ii8-pubienne, was first practised  by Peter
 Franco, about the middle of the 16th century.
 It consisted in pushing the stone above the pubis
 by the fingers introduced into the rectum. Rous-
 set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise
 above the pubis by injecting it.  The method had
fallen into discredit, when Frere Come revived it.
 It  is used when the calculus is very large.  It
 was practised by opening first the  membranous
part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into
 the canal.  Through  this incision,  the Sonde  d
 dard — a  species  of  catheter, having a spear-
 pointed  stilet— was introduced into the bladder.
 An incision was then made into the linea alba,
 above the symphysis pubis, of about four or five
 fingers'  breadth,  and the peritoneum  detached
 to  avoid wounding it.   The stilet was pushed
 through the bladder, and used  as  a director for
 the knife,  with which the bladder was divided
 anteriorly,  as  far as the neck;  and the stone ex-
 tracted.  It was performed in England by Doug-
 lass,  in  1719, and  since by others, with various
 modifications.
   4.  The Lateral  Operation, Hypocystrotom'iay
 Cyatotom'ia latera'lia, Cystauchcnotom'ia, Cysto- 
LITHOTRESIS               522              LITER
trachelotom'ia,  Urethrocyataxtchenotom'ia,  Ure-
throcysteotrachelotom'ia, Sec'tio latera'lia, Appa-
ra'tits  latera'l'i8, (F.)  Appareil  lateraliae,  so
named from  the prostate gland and neck of the
bladder being  cut laterally,  was  probably in-
vented by Peter Franco.  It was introduced into
France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu.   He per-
formed  it with  rude instruments, invented  by
himself, and improved by the suggestions of some
of the Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it re-
ceived its earliest and most important  improve-
ments from the celebrated Cheselden.  It is the
method practised at the present day, according
to different modes of procedure.   In this method,
the patient is placed upon a table ; his legs and
thighs are  bent and separated; the hands being
tied to the feet.   The perinaeum  is then shaved,
and a staff is introduced into the bladder ; the
handle  being turned towards the right groin of
the patient.   An  oblique incision  is now made
from  the raphe to the middle  of a line drawn
from  the anus to the tuberosity of the ischium
of the left side;  and taking the staff for a guide,
the integuments, areolar tissue of the perinaeum,
membranous portion of the urethra, transversus
perinsei muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some fibres of
the levator  ani, the prostate and  neck of the
bladder, are successively divided.  For this latter
part of the operation, the knife,  the beaked bis-
toury, Biatouri  ou Lithotome Cache, cutting gor-
get, <fcc, is used, according to the particular pre-
ference.  The forceps are now  introduced into
the bladder, and the stone extracted.  In the
operation, care must be taken not to injure the
rectum, or the  great arterial vessels, distributed
to the perinaeum.
   A variety  of the Lateral Apparatus,  called by
the French Appareil lateral, consisted in cutting
into the bas-fond of the bladder, without touch-
ing the neck of that  organ :  but it  was sood
abandoned, on account of its inconveniences.
   The method of Le Cat and of Pajola—Urethro-
cysteo-aneurysmatotom'ia — consists  in  dividing
the prostate in part only, — the enlargement of
the wound being effected by a peculiar dilator.
   The  Bilateral Operation is founded on that of
Celsus.  It consists in making an incision poste-
rior to  the  bulb of the urethra, and anterior to
the anus, involving both sides of the perinaeum
by crossing the  raphe at right angles: an incision
is then made through the  membranous  part of
the urethra,  and the prostate may be cut bilate-
rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy-
tren, or the  prostatic bisector of Dr. Stevens, of
New York.
   5.  Lithotomy by the Rectum, Proctocystotom'ia,
 Sec'tio  recto-vesiea'lia, (F.) Taille par la Rectum,
 Taille posterieure,  T.  Recto-vesicale.  This was
proposed by Vegetius in the 16th century;  but  it
was  never noticed until M. Sanson, in the year
 1817, attracted attention to it; since which time
it has  been  successfully performed  in many in-
 stances.  It consists in penetrating the bladder
 through the paries corresponding with the rec-
 tum, by first cutting the sphincter ani and rectum
 about the root of the  penis, and penetrating the
 bladder by the  neck of that  organ, dividing the
 prostate,—or by its bas-fond.
   Lithotomy in women, from  the shortness of the
 urethra, is a  comparatively insignificantoperation.
   Lithotomy by the Rectum, see Lithotomy—i.
 by the Vagina, see Lithotomy.
   LITHOTRESIS, Lithotrity.
   LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity.
   LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity.
   LITHOTRIPTORS, see Lithotrity.
   LITHOTRITES, see Lithotrity.
   LITHOTRITEURS, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRITOR, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOT'RITY7,  Lithotrltia, Lithotrypsy,
Lithotripsy, Lithothrip'sy, Lithothrypsis,  Litho-
tre'aia, Lithotripsis, Lithoceno'aia, Lithodidl'ysia,
Lithoprinie, from  XiSos, ' a stone,' and rptfiui, ' I
break.'  The operation of breaking or bruising
the stone in the bladder.  It has been performed,
of late years, with success, by French, and, after
them, by English and American surgeons.  The
instruments employed for this purpose are called,
in the abstract, Lithotrites, Lithotritcurs, Lithol-
ritora, Lithotriptora, and  Lithothri/ptora.   The
most  celebrated are those of Civiale, Jacobson,
Heurteloup and Weiss.  See Briae-Pierre articuli,
and Percuteur d Marteau.
  LITHOXIDU'RIA,  from \t6os, ' a stone,'  ox-
ide, and  ovpov,  ' urine.'  The dischargo of urine
containing lithic or xanthic oxide.
  LITHU'RIA, Lithiu'ria,  Lithourorrhee (Pi-
orry;) from ItOos, 'a  stone,' and  ovpov, 'urine.'
Lithic Diath'eais,  Lithic Acid  Diatheaia.   The
condition of the system and of the urine in which
deposits of lithic acid  and  the  lithates — Lithic
aedimenta—take place from the urine. See Urine,
  LITHUS, Calculus.
  LITMUS, Lichen roccella.
  LITRA, Pound.
  LITRE, Litra.  A measure containing a cubed
decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints.
The ancients  gave  the  name litra, lirpa, to a
measure  capable  of containing  16 ounces  of
liquid.
  LITS^EA CUBEBA,  Piper  cubeba —1. Pipe-
rita, Piper cubeba.
  LITUS, Liniment.
  LIVECHE,  Ligusticum levisticum.
   LIVER,  Sax.  lipep,  Hepar, Jecur, Jec"inua,
(F.) Foie.   The liver  is the largest gland in the
body.  It  is an azygous organ ; unsymmetrical;
very  heavy; and  of a  brownish-red colour; oc-
cupying the whole of the right hypochondrium,
and a part of  the epigastrium.   Above, it  corre-
sponds to the diaphragm ; below, to the stomach,
transverse colon,  and  right kidney; behind, to
the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava;  and
before, to the base of the chest.   Its upper  sur-
face  is convex;   the  lower, irregularly  convex
and concave, so that anatomists have divided the
organ into three lobes, — a large or right or colic
lobe; — a le8aer lobe, lobule, or inferior lobe, the
Lobulua Spigelii,—and" a middle or left lobe.   At
its inferior surface, are observed : — 1. A  Sulcus
or  Furrow or Fiaaure, called horizontal or longi-
tudinal, Great fiaaure,  Fossa Umbilica'Us,  (F.)
Sillon horizontal,  longitudinal, S. de la veine om-
bilicale, Sulcus antero-posterior Jec'oris, S. hori-
zonta'li8  Jec'oria,  S.  longitudina'lis Jecoria,  S.
ainia'ter Jecoria, S. Umbilicdlia, which lodges, in
the foetus, the  umbilical vein and  ductus venosus.
2.  The Principal Fiaaure,  termed Sulcua  Trana-
vereua vel Sinua  Porta'rum, Fissure of the Vena
 porta, Portal  Fiaaure, (F.) Sillon tranaveradl ou
 de la veine porte,  which receives the sinus of the
vena porta.  3. The Fiaaure of the Vena Cava in-
 fe'rior, Sillon de  la veine cave inferieure,  situate
 at the posterior margin of the organ, and lodging
 the vena cava inferior.  4. The Lobulua Spige'lii,
 or posterior portal eminence. 5. The anterior por-
 tal eminence,  Auriga  vel Lobulus anon'ymus.  6.
 Depressions corresponding to  the upper  surface
 of the stomach, gall-bladder, arch of the colon,
 right kidney, &e.  Continued from the fossa um-
 bilicalis is a small fossa, called Fossa Ituct&s Ve-
 no'ai, between the left lobe and Lobulus Spigelii.
 The posterior margin of the liver is very thick ;
 much more so than  the anterior.  The liver is
 surrounded by a serous or peritoneal covering, 
LITER
523
LOBELIA
which forms for it a auapenaory or broad ligament
and  two lateral and triangular  ligaments.  See
Falx.  The blood-vessels of the liver  are very
numerous.   The  hepatic artery and vena porta
furnish  it with the blood necessary for its nutri-
tion  and the secretion of bile.  The hepatic veins
convey  away the blood, which has  served those
purposes. The lymphatic vessels are very nume-
rous : some being superficial; others deep-seated.
The  nerves are, also, numerous, and proceed from
the  pneumogastric, diaphragmatic,  and from the
hepatic plexuses.
   The intimate structure of the parenchyma of
the liver has been well studied.  When cut, it pre-
sents a porous appearance, owing to the division
of a multitude of small vessels.  AVhen torn, it
seems formed of granulations; — the  intimate
structure of which has given rise to many hypo-
theses.   In these granulations are contained the
radicles of the excretory ducts  of  the  bile ; the
union of which constitutes the hepatic duct.  Ac-
cording to M. Kiernan,  the  intimate  structure
consists of a  number of lobules composed of in-
tralobular or hepatic veins,  which convey the
blood back that has  been  inservient to the secre-
.tion of bile.   The interlobular plexus of veins is
formed by branches of the vena porta, which con-
tain both the  blood of the vena porta and of the
hepatic  artery; both of which,  according to Mr.
Kiernan, furnish the pabulum of the biliary se-
cretion. The biliary  ducts form likewise an inter-
lobular plexus, having an arrangement similar to
that of the  interlobular  veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's
views  are  embraced  by many  anatomists;  but
are denied by some.
   The  liver  is the only organ, which,  indepen-
dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa-
tic artery,  receives black blood by the vena porta.
The general opinion is, that the vena porta is the
fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery
affords  blood for the nutrition of the liver.  It is
probable,  however,  that  bile is secreted by the
latter vessel.
   The  liver is liable to  a number of diseases.
The principal are — Hepatltia or inflammation,
cancer, biliary calculi, encyated and other tumours
or tubercles, hydatids, &c.; and it has, at times,
been the fashion to refer  to it as the cause of
symptoms with which it is in  no wise connected.
   Liver, Hepar. Under this name the ancients
designated several substances, having a brownish
colour, analogous to that of the liver;  and com-
posed of sulphur and some other body.   See Po-
tassae Sulphuretum, Liver of Sulphur.
   Liver of Antimony is the semi-vitreous  sul-
phuret, <ie.
   Liver Disease, Hepatopathia—1. Fatty, Adi-
posis hepatica—1. Gin, L. nutmeg—1. Gin-drink-
ers', L.nutmeg-l.Granulated,Cirrhosis of the liver.
   Li ver-Grown,  Tu'mido jec'ore pra'ditus.
Having a large liver.
   Liver,  Hobnail,  Cirrhosis of the  liver — 1.
Mammillated, Cirrhosis of the liver.
   Liver,  Nutmeg,  Tu'beriform liver.   An  ap-
pearance of the liver when cut across, resembling
that of the section  of a nutmeg; supposed by
some to be the result of intemperance in  the use
of alcoholic  drinks;  but occurring under other
causes.  The  terms  whisky liver,  gin-drinkers'
liver, and  gin liver,  occasionally applied to it,
are, consequently, not distinctive.
   Liver Spot, Chloasma—1. Tuberculated, Cir-
rhosis of the liver — 1. Tuberiform,  L. nutmeg —
1. AVeed, Hepatica triloba—1. AVhisky, L. nutmeg
— 1. AVort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia poly-
morpha— 1. AVort, ground,  ash-coloured, Lichen
caniniis — 1. AA'ort, Iceland,  Lichen Islandicus —
1. AVort, noble, Hepatica triloba.
  LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Pectinalis.
  LIVOR, Suggillation — 1. Sanguineus, see Ec-
chymoma.
  LIYRE, Pound.
  LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA, Potassa-  tartras
— 1. Vitriolata, Potassae sulphas — 1. A'itriolata
sulphurea, Potassae sulphas cum sulphure.
  LIXIYLE seu KALICUM ACETAS, Potassas
acetas.
  LIXIAr'IAL, Lixivio'sus, from lixivium,  'lee.'
(F.) Lixivial, Lixivieux.  An ancient term for
salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes,—such
as the fixed alkalies.
  LIXIVI A'T10 N, EH.rivia'tion, Lixivia'tio.
Same etymon.  An operation which consists in
washing wood-ashes with water, so as to dissolve
the soluble parts.  The filtered liquor is the tee.
  LIXIVIUM, Lixiv'ia,  Con'ia, Lee,  Ley, Lye,
(F.) Le8aive.   Any solution containing potass
or soda — Sal Uxivio'eum — in excess; from lix,
' potash.'
  Lixivium  Ammoniacale, Liquor ammonias —
1. Ammoniacale aromaticum, Spiritus  ammonise
aromaticus — 1. Causticum,  Liquor potassae—1.
Magistrate, Liquor potassae — 1. Saponarium, Li-
quor potassae — 1. Tartari, Liquor potassse  sub-
carbonatis.
  LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Laccr'tus,  said to be so
called in consequence of its limbs resembling the
arms (lacerti)  of man (?).  Saura, Sauros, (F.)
Lezard.  Lizards were formerly employed in me-
dicine  as sudorifics;  and were, at one time, ex-
tolled  in  syphilis,  cutaneous affections,  and in
cancer.
  LIZARD'S TAIL,  Saururus cernuus.
  LOADSTONE, Magnet.
  LOATHING, Disgust.
  LOB ARIA ISLANDICA,  Lichen Islandicus
— 1. Pulmonaria^ Lichen pulmonarius — 1. Saxa-
tilis, Lichen  saxatilis.
  LOBE, Lobu8.  A round, projecting part of an
organ.  The  liver, lungs, and brain, for example,
have lobes.
  Lobe of the Ear, Lob'ule  of the Ear, is a soft,
rounded prominence, which  terminates the cir-
cumference  of the pavilion inferiorly, and which
is pierced in those who wear  rings.
  The under surface of the brain is divided into
tiro anterior, two lateral,  tiro posterior, and two
intermediate lobea or processes.  These Chaussier
calls lobules of the brain:  the  cerebral hemi-
spheres he terms lobea.
  Lobe, Biven'tral.   A wedge-shaped lobe  of
the cerebellum, situate behind the amygdala.
  LOBE DOUDENAL, Lobulus  Spigelii — /.
Pancr&atique, Lobulus Spigelii—/. Petit du foie,
Lobulus Spigelii—I. de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii.
  LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica.
  Lobe'liA Cardina'lis, Lobelia coccin'ea, Tra-
che'lium Americanum,  Car'dinal Plant,  Car'di-
nal Flower, Scarlet Lobelia.  This species is also
indigenous  in  the United States.  It  blooms  in
autumn, having beautiful carmine flowers.   The
root is a reputed anthelmintic with the Indians.
  Lobelia  Coccinea, L. Cardinalis.
  Lobe'lia Infla'ta, Indian Tobac'co, Wild To-
bae'eo,  Puke Weed,  Aathma Weed, Eyebright,
Emet'ic Weed, Lobe'lia (Ph.  U. S.)  The promi-
nent virtues of this American plant are those  of
an  emetic.   In smaller doses it is sedative, and
has been given as a pectoral in croup, asthma,
&C It is,  also, sudorific and cathartic, and  is
an  acronarcotic poison. Twenty grains act as an
emetic.
  Lobelia  Pinifo'lia.  A South African plant,
A'at. Ord. Campanulacese, the  root  of which  is
excitant and diaphoretic.  A decoction  of it  is 
LOBES                 524               LCEMOLOGT
sometimes used in the Cape Colony as a domestic
remedy in cutaneous affections, chronic rheuma-
tism, and gout.
  Lobelia, Scarlet, L. Cardinalis.
  Lobelia Syphilit'ica,  Lobelia reflex'a,  Ra-
nun'cuius  Virginia'nus,  Rapun'tium  Syphiliti-
cum, Blue Lobelia, Blue  Car'dinal Flower.   The
root of  this plant, which is indigenous in the
United States, is  an emetic and drastic cathartic.
It has been used  in syphilis; hence its name.
The mode of  preparing it is to  boil §ss of the
dried root in Oxij  of water, until the fluid is re-
duced to Oviij.  Dose, Oss.
  LOBES, CEREBRAL, see Lobe.
  Lobes of the  Liver, Pinna seu Lobi seu Pin'-
nula He'patia.  See Lobule.
  Lobes, Optic,  Quadrigemina tubereula.
  LOBI  HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver —1.  Pul-
monum, see Pulmo.
  LOB'ULAR, Lobula'ris. Same etymon as Lo-
bule.  Relating to or belonging to a lobule : — as
lobular pneumonia, (F.)  Pneumonie lobulaire, P.
mamelonnec, P. disalminee. Pneumonia anatomi-
cally characterized by nuclei of red or gray hepa-
tization  disseminated in variable  numbers in one
or both lungs.
  Lobular Biliary Plexus.  The plexus formed
of lobular hepatic ducts, which are derived chiefly
from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin-
cipal part of the  substance of the lobule.
  Lobular Venous Plexus. The plexus inter-
posed between the interlobular portal veins, and
the intralobular hepatic vein.
  LOB'ULE,  Lob'ulus, diminutive of Lobua. A
little lobe.  Mr. Kiernan uses the term lobule for
an acinii* of the liver of many anatomists.
  Lobule of the Corpus Striatum,  Insula ce-
rebri— 1. of the Ear, Lobe of the^Ear — 1. of the
Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri — 1. Pneumo-
gastric, Flocculus.
  LOBULE  DU FOIE, Lobulus Spigelii.
  LOBULUS  ACCESSORIES ANTERIOR
QUADRATUS, L. anonymus.
  Lob'ulus  seu  Lobus  Anon'ymus, L. accesso'-
riiia ante'rior quadra'tus, L. quadra'tua,  (F.)
Eminence porte anterieure. This  is situate in the
liver between the passage for the round ligament
and the  gall-bladder, and is less  prominent, but
broader, than  the Lobulus caudatus.   From the
lobulus  anonymus  a bridge runs  across the  pas-
sage for the round ligament.  It is  called Pons
vel Isthmus he'patis.
  Lobulus seu  Lobus  Cauda'tus,  Proces'sus
caudatus.  This  is merely the root or one of the
angles of the lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards
the middle of the lower side of the great lobe,
and representing a kind  of tail.  Also, the termi-
nation of the helix  and anthelix of the ear, which
is separated from  the  concha by an extensive
fissure.
  Lob'ulus Centra'lis.   A small lobule or pro-
minence of the superior vermiform process of the
cerebellum, situate in the incisura anterior.
  Lobulus Nasi,  see Nasus — 1. Pneumogastri-
cus, Flocculus—1. Posterior,  L. Spigelii—1.  Pos-
ticus  papillatus,  L. Spigelii — 1. Quadratus, L.
anonymus.
  Lobulus seu Lobus Spige'lii, L. poste'rior, L.
posticus papilla'tua, (F.) Eminence porte poate-
rieure, Lobule ou Petit lobe du foie, Lobe de Spi-
gel, Lobe duodenal, L.  pancreatique, is situate
near the spine, upon the  left side of the great
lobe of the  liver,  and is of a pyramidal shape,
projecting, like a nipple, between the cardia and
vena cava, at the small curvature of the stomach.
  LOBUS, Lobe, see Lobulus.
  LOCAL, Loca'lia, Top'icua, Mer'icua, Partidlia,
 Top'ical,  (F.) Locale, Topique.   An  affection is
called local — Morbua Loca'lia, — when confined
to a part, without implicating the general system;
or, at all events, only secondarily.  Local is thus
opposed to general. A local or topical application
is one used externally.  See Topical.
  LOCH, Looch.
  LOCHADES, sec Sclerotic.
  LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Piterpe'-
rii seu U'teri, Purga'tio puerpe'rii, Lyma, from
lo%os,  'a woman  in childbed;'  (F.) Suites de
couches,  Vidanges.  The  cleansings.  A serous
and  sanguineous  discharge  following delivery.
During  the  first two or three days, it is bloody ;
but afterwards  becomes green-coloured, and ex-
hales a disagreeable and peculiar odour.   Tho
duration, quantity, and character of the discharge
vary according  to  numerous  circumstances.  It
flows from the part of the uterus which formed a
medium of communication  between the  mother
and  foetus, and continues, usually, from 14 to 21
days.  See Parturition.
  LOCHIOCffiLIITIS, Puerperal fever.
  LOCHIODOCHIUM, Lochodochium.
  LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever.
  LOCHIORRHAG"IA,fromXo^£ia, nnd pnywut, •
' I make an irruption.'  An immoderate flow of
the lochia.   Hemorrhage from the uterus in the
child-bed state.
  LOCHIORRHCE'A, from loxeia, 'the lochia,'
and pew, 'I flow.'   Discharge of the lochia.
  LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia.
  LOCHIOSCHESIS, Ischolochia.
  LOCHOCH, Looch,
  LOCHODOCHI'UM, Lochiodochium, from
loxos, ' a female in childbed,' and Scxopai,  ' I re-
ceive.'   An institution for the reception of preg-
nant and childbed females.  A Lying-in-hospital.
  LOCHOS, Puerpera.
  LOCI, Uterus—1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva.
  LOCKED JAAV, Trismus.
  LOCOMOTILITY, see Locomotion.
  LOCOMO'TION, Locomo'tio, from locus,  'a
place, and movere,  'to move.' An action peculiar
to animal bodies, by which they transport them-
selves from place to place.  It, as well as mueeu-
la'tion, has also been used for the function of ani-
mal movements. The faculty is sometimes called
Locomotiv'ity and Locomotil'ity.
  Locomotion of  an  Artery, is the movement
produced in a vessel with a curvature, by the im-
pulse of the blood sent from the  heart,  whieh
tends to straighten the artery, and  causes the
movement in question.
  LOCOMOTIVITY, see  Locomotion.
  LOCUS NIGER, see Peduncles of the Brain.
  Locus Perfora'tus Anti'cus.  A triangular
flat surface of the brain, which corresponds to the
posterior extremity of each olfactory process.
  Locus Perforatus Posticus, Tarini pons.
  LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia —
1. Eaters, Acridophagi—1. Plant, Cassia Marilan-
dica—1. Tree, Robinia Pseudo-acacia—1. Yellow,
Cladrastis tinctoria.
  LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldives.
  LOECHE, MINERAL WATERS  OF, Leuk,
mineral waters of.
  LCEME, Plague.
  LCEMIA, Plague.
  LCEMICUM, see Loemology.
  LCEMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow.
  LCEMOGRAPHY, Loimography.
  LCEMOLOGIUM, see Loemology.
  L  (E M OL 'OGY,  La>.molog"ia, from  lotpos,
'plague,' and Xoyos,  'a description.'  The doc-
trine of plague and pestilential diseases.   A trea-
tise  on the same, — Loz'micum, Loemolog"ium. 
LCEMOPHTHALMTA
525
LOOCH
  LCEMOPIITHALMIA, see Ophthalmia.
  L/EMOl'YRA, Plague.
  LCEMOS, Plague.
  LOGADES, Sclerotic.
  LOG ADIT IS, Sclerotitis.
  LOGIATROS, Logiater; from loyos, 'a word,'
and  tarpos, 'a physician.'  In  the  bad sense, a
physician without experience; a mere theorist.
In the g;ood sense, a rational physician ; one who
treats  disease according to theoretical or scien-
tific  principles.
  LOGOS, Reason.
  LOGWOOD, Haematoxylon Campechianum.
  LOG"Y, Xoyoj,  'a  description.'   A  suffix de-
noting ' a  treatise  or description.'  Hence, An-
gio/071/ and Neurology, &c.
  LOHOC1I, Looch.
  LolMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow.
  L 0 I M O (PRAP H Y, Loimograph'ia, Lcemog'-
raphy, from loifios, ' plague,' and ypatpoi, ' I de-
scribe.'  A description of the plague and  pesti-
lential diseases.
  LOIMOLOGY, Loemology.
  LOIMOS, Plague.
  LOINS, Lumbi.
  LOLIACEUM RADICE  REPENTE,  Triti-
cum repens.
  LOLIUM ANNUUM, L. temulentum.
  Lo'i.iiM Temulent'um, L. an'nuum, Crepdlia
temuten'ta, Bromiia temulen'tus, Darnel (F.) Her-
be d'lvrogne.  A species of  the genus Lolium,
(F.)  Irraic; Fam. Gramineae;  Sex. Syat. Trian-
dria  digynia, which has decidedly poisonous pro-
perties ;  occasioning,  when mixed  in  bread or
beer, intoxication, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.
  LO MB AIRE, Lumbar.
  LOMBO-ABDOMINAL, Transversalis abdo-
minis— /. Costal, Serratus  posticus inferior — I.
Costo-trachelien, Sacro-lumbalis—I. Dorso-apinal,
Transversalis dorsi—I. Dorao-trachelien, Longis-
simus  dorsi — I. Hume'ral, Latissimus  dorsi — I.
Sacre,  Lumbo-sacral.
  LOMBRIC, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LOUBRICOIDE, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LONCHADES, see Sclerotic.
  LONCHADITIS, Sclerotitis.
  LONCIIITIS, Polypodium filix mas.
  LONG, Longua,  Macroa.  That which is much
greater in  length than in breadth ; as  the long
bonea.  The epithet is, also, applied to several
muscles, to distinguish them from others of simi-
lar  function, when the  latter are shorter.  We
say, for instance, long flexors, and long extensors,
in opposition to abort flexors, and short extensors.
  LONG  DU COU,  Longus colli — Z. du Doa,
Longissimus dorsi.
  LONGiEVUS, Macrobiotic.
  LONG ANON, Rectum.
  LONG AON, Rectum.
  LONG AS, Rectum.
  LONGEVITY,  Longa'vitas, Macrobiosis,
Macroblotes.  The prolongation of existence to
an advanced age.  Haller  collected examples of
more than one thousand centenarians.  He had
knowledge of sixty-two persons aged from 110 to
120 years ;  of twenty-nine, from 120 to 130 years;
and of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140
years.  Beyond  this advanced age,  examples of
longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently
attested.
  The  following list of instances of very advanced
n^es has been given :
                            Lived. Aqe.
Apollonius of Tyana,  A. D...    99. .130
St. Patrick................  491..122
Attila.....................  500..124
Llywurch Hen.............  500. .150
                            Lived. Age.
St. Coemgene..............  618.. 120
Piastus, King of Poland.....  861.. 120
Thomas Parr.............. 1635..152
Henry Jenkins............. 1670. .169
Countess of Desmond....... 1612.. 145
Thomas Damme............ 1648. .154
Peter Torten............... 1724. . 185
Margaret Patten........... 1739..137
John Rovin and wife....... 1741. .172 and 164
St. Monagh or Kentigen.....1781. .185
   Longevity also means length or duration of life
(F.) Ditree  de la vie.  The mean  age at death
(F.) Vie moyenne, of different classes and profes-
sions enables  an estimate to be formed  of the
expectation  or value of life in each.
   LONGIS'SIMUS DORSI, Semi-apindtua, (F.)
Lombo-dorao-trachelien, Portion costo-trache'lienne
du aacro-apinal, (Ch.,) Long dor8al, Long du dos,
is situate vertically at the posterior part  of the
trunk, and fills, in a great measure, the vertebral
furrows.  It is thick and almost square below;
thin and pointed  above.   It is  attached  to the
posterior surface of the sacrum, to  the transverse
processes of all the lumbar and dorsal  vertebra?,
and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs.
It maintains the vertebral  column in  a straight
position ;  straightens it when bent forwards, and
can even carry it back.  It also assists in the rota-
tory motion of the trunk.
   Longissimus  Femoris,  Sartorius — 1.  Oculi,
Obliquus superior oculi.   *
   LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
   LONGUS COLLI, (F.)PrZ-dorao-cervical,Prl-
dorso-atlo'idien, (Ch.,) Long du cou. This muscle
is situate at the anterior and superior part of the
vertebral  column.   It  is long, flat, and broader
at its  middle  than at its extremities, which are
pointed.  It is attached to the anterior surface of
the bodies of the first three dorsal and last six
cervical vertebrae; to the intervertebral ligaments;
to the anterior edge of the transverse processes of
the last five cervical vertebrae ; and to the tuber-
cle on the anterior arch of the first.  This muscle
bends the cervical vertebrae upon each  other and
upon the dorsal vertebrae.  If the  upper portion
acts on one  side only, it occasions the rotation of
the atlas  on the vertebra dentata; and,  conse-
H»ently, of the head on the neck.
C/LONICERA GERMANICA, L. Periclymenum
— 1. Marilandica, Spigelia Marilandica.
   Lonice'ra  Periclym'enum,  L. German'ica,
Periclym'enum, P. vulga're, Caprifo'lium, C. Peri-
clym'enum seu sylvat'icum seu distinct'um,Common
Woodbine,  (F.) ChZvre-feuille.   This  common
plant is  slightly astringent and tonic, and was
formerly much used in gargles.
   LOOCH, Lohoch, Loch, Lochoch, Look.  A linc-
tus.  See Eclegma and Eclectos.
   Looch  absque  Emulsio'ne Para'tum, Look
pripari sana imuteion; Looch prepared without
emulsion.   (Pulv. g. trag.  gr. xvj — gr. xxx, ol.
amygd. dulc. 3ss-> sacchar. ^j, aqua 3"J> aqua
flor. aurant. ^ij.  Mix by rubbing in  a marble
mortar.)   Demulcent.
   Looch  Album, Looch  amygdali'num, Linctus
albus,  L.  amygdalinus, L. commu'nis,  Ecleg'ma
album, Eclegma gummo'so-oteo'sum, (F.)   Looch
blanc, L. b.  amygddlin, L. b. pectoral.   (Amygd.
dulc. 5ss, amygd. amar. No. ij, sacchar. alb. £Jiv.
Make an  emulsion  by gradually adding ^jiv  of
water.   Then  take pnlr.  tragacanth. gr. xvj,  ol.
amygd. dulc. recent, ^ss,  aacch. gij.   Add the
almond milk gradually to this,  and afterwards
aq. for. aurant. gij,  Ph. P.)   It is demulcent
and pectoral.
   Looch Amygadlinum, L. allum — I. Blanc, L. 
LOOCH
526
LUCCA
allium—1. cum Croco et pistaciis, L. viride — 1.
of Egg, L. ex Ovo.
  Loocn ex Ovo, Potio seu emulsio seu mistu'ra
led tens  seu oleo'sa, Looch  pectora'le  len'iens,
Looch  of Egg, (F.) Look d'ceuf, Looch  rouge,
Emulsion hniteuse, Mixture calmante, Potion Pec-
torale, Lait adoucissant.  ( Vitell. ovi. recent. 3SS,
ol. amygd. dute. 3*iss, syrup, althaa, ^j. • Rub in
a mortar, and add by degrees, aq. for. aurant.
3*j, aq. papav. rhcead. $ij. Ph. P.)   Virtues the
same as the preceding.
  LOOCH ROUGE, L.ex Ovo—?. Vert, L. viride.
  Looch A'ir'ide, Look  cum croce et pista'ciis,
(F.) Looch vert.   (Syrup.  Violar, ^j, tinct. croci
gtt. xx. aqua 3"lv-   Mix, and add piistacia semin.
sice. 3"yj. Ph. P.)  Virtues like the last.
  LOOK, Looch — I. d'CEuf, Looch  ex ovo — I.
Prepare" sans  imulsion, Looch absque emulsione
paratum.
  LOOSE  STRIFE, CREEPING,  Lysimachia
nummularia—1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad-
rifolia.
  LOOSENESS,  Diarrhoea —1.  of  the  Teeth,
Odontoseisis.
  LOPEZ RADIX, Radix lopezia'na, Radix In'-
dica lopezia'na.  The root of an unknown Indian
tree, not possessed of any remarkable  smell or
taste, or of any appearance of resinous matter.
It has been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases of
colliquative diarrhoea.  Gaubius compares its ac-
tion  to  that of simarouba,  but thinks it more
efficacious.
  LOPHADIA, Lophia.
  LOPHIA,  Lopha'dia.   The first  vertebra of
the back — Ver'tebra dorsi prima. — Gorraeus.
  LOPIMA, Fagus castanea.
  LOQUACITY, Garru'litas; from loquor, 'I
speak.  (F.) Babillement.  The  act  of  speaking
with volubility.   It is sometimes a symptom of
disease, and is observable in hysteria, <fec.
  LOQUELA,  Toice, articulated — 1. Abolita,
Aphonia—1. Blaesa, Balbuties—1. Impedita, Ba-
ryphonia.
  LORDO'SIS, Lordo'ma, from  Xop<5os, ' curved,'
'bent;' Repanda'tio,Repan'ditas. A name given
to curvatures of the bones in  general; and par-
ticularly to that of the vertebral column forwards;
Spina dorai intror'sum flexa, Emprosthocyrto'ma.
This gives rise to the projection of the sternum
called chicken-breasted or pigeon-breasted.   V™
  LORIND  MATRI'CIS,  Epilepsia  uterina,
Convulsi'vus u'teri  morbus.  A barbarous  name
given to a pretended epilepsy  of the  womb.
  LORIPES, see Kyllosis.
  LOT, Urine.
  LOTIO, Enema,  Lotion — 1. Saponacea,  see
Sapo.
  LO'TION, Lo'tio, Lotu'ra, from lavare, latum,
'to wash.'  (F.) Hydrolotif.  A  fluid  external
application.  Lotions are ordinarily applied by
wetting linen in them and keeping it on the part
affected.
  Lotion,  Barlow's, Lotion of  Sulph'uret of
potassium.  (R.  Potassii sulphur. 3"iij,  Sapon.
^iss, Aq,  Calcis, f^viiss, alcohol, dilut. f^ij. M.)
Used in various chronic cutaneous diseases.
  Lotion,  Gowland's.   An  empirical  prepara-
tion.   (Bitter almonds, §j, sugar, 31J, distilled
water, Ibij.  Grind together, strain, and add cor-
rosive sublimate, Qij, previously ground with sp.
vini reef, ^ij.)  Used in obstinate eruptions.
  Lotion,Granville's Counter-Irritant,Gran-
tee's Lotion, Granville's antid'ynoua lotion.  Of
this lotion, Dr. Granville gives two  forms — a
milder, and a stronger.   The  milder is made as
follows : Liq. ammon. fort, f^j, Sp. Rosmarin.
fg"vj, Tinct. camphor, f^'ji M.
  The stronger is made as follows:  Liq. ammon.
fort, f^x,  Spir. Roamar. f§ss,  Tinct. camphor,
f3U, M.
  The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly.  A piece
of cotton or linen folded six or seven times, or a
piece of thick flannel may be imbued with them,
and laid for a few minutes on the part to be irri-
tated.
  Lotion,  Hannay's, Preventive  waah.  This
famous nostrum, for the  prevention of  venereal
infection, was nothing more than a solution of
caustic potass.
  Lotion, Hydrocyan'ic, Lotio Ac"idi  Hydro-
cyan'ici.  (Hydrocyanic acid, f ^iv, rectified apirit
of wine, f^j, distilled water, f'^xss.)   Used with
much success in impetigo, <fec.
  Lotion, Struve's, for Hooping-Cough. (An-
tim. et Potass,  tart, gj, Aqua, 3ij.   Add finer.
cantharid, 3*j.)
  LOTIUM, Urine.
  LOTURA, Lotion.
  LOTUS SYLVESTRIS, Trifolium melilotus—
1. Arirginiana, Diospyros Arirginiana.
  LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus.
  LOUCHES, see Strabismus.
  LOUPE, Wen.
  LOUSE, Pediculus.
  LOUSINESS, Phtheiriasis.
  LOUSY  DISEASE, Phtheiriasis.
  LOUTRON, Bath.
  LOArAGE, Ligusticum levisticum.
  LOVE,  Eros,  Amor,  from Sax. lurian, (G.)
lie ben,  'to love.'  (F.) Amour.  A tender and
elevated  feeling, which attracts one sex to the
other.  Love is occasionally a  cause of disease,
especially of insanity.
  Love Apple Plant, Solanum lycopersicum—
1. Pea, Abrus precatorius.
  LOW SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis.
  LOAVER, TUBERCLE OF, Tnber'culum Low-
eri.  Anatomists have given this name to a small
projection, the existence of which is by no means
constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus,
between the superior and inferior cava.
  LOXAR'THRUS,  Loxar'thrutp,  from Ufa,
'oblique,' and apSpov, 'articulation.' (F.) Perver-
sion de la tete des oa et dea muaclea.   A vicious
deviation or direction of the joints, without spasm
or luxation, — as in clubfoot.
  LOXIAS, Torticollis.
  LOXOPHTHALMUS, Strabismus.
  LOZANGIA, Lozenge.
  LOZENGE, Tabella.
  LOZENGES, BARK,  Tabellse cinchonse — 1.
of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellae antimoniales
Kunckelii — 1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini pastilli — 1.
for the Heart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis calcis—
1. Magnesise, Tabellse de  magnesia—1. of Marsh-
mallows, Tabellse  de althaea — 1. of Oxalic  acid,
Tabellae  acidi oxalici — 1.  Pectoral, black, Tro-
chisci glycyrrhizse glabrae—1. Pectoral, of eme-
tine, Trochisci emetinae pectorales — 1. Rhubarb,
Tabellse  de rheo — 1. of Scammony and senna,
compound, Tabellse de scammonio et senna — 1.
Spitta's, see Trochisci glycyrrhizse cum opio — 1.
Steel, Tabellae de ferro—1.  of Steel, aromatic, see
Tabellae de ferro—1. Sulphur, simple,  Tabella? do
sulphure simplices — 1. Sulphur,  compound, Ta-
bellae de  sulphure compositae—1. of  Sulphuret
of antimony, Tabellse  antimoniales Kunckelii —
1. AVistar's, Trochisci glycyrrhizas cum opio — 1.
AVorm, Ching's, see Worm  lozenges, (Ching's.)
   LUBIDO, Libido—1. Intestini, Voluntas dese-
dendi.
   LUBRICANTIA, Demulcents, Emollients.
   LUBRICUM CAPUT, Penis.
   LUCCA, MINERAL  WATERS  AND  CLI-
MATE OF.  The baths and waters, near this
ancient Italian city, have  been long celebrated. 
LUCID
527
LUMBRICALIS
 They are thermal, and resemble, in properties,
 those of Plombieres  in France, and of Bath in
 England.  They contain carbonic acid, sulphates
 of alumina, soda, magnesia, and iron.  There are
 ten  different sources, the  temperature of which
 varies from 94° to 130° Fahr.
   Lucca is much  frequented in summer; partly
 on account of  its mineral waters,  but more on
 account of the  coolness of the situation.
   LUCID, Lu'cidua.  In medicine, the word lucid
 is particularly applied to the intervale, Interval'la
 lu'cida, of apparent reason, which occur in men-
 tal alienation.
   LUCIF'UGUS,  from lux,  lucia,  'light'  and
 fugere, 'to shun.' Photoph'obua, Photophob'icua.
 Dreading or avoiding the light.
   LUCINA, Ilithyia.
   LUCOMANIA,  Lycanthropia.
   LUCUMA, (S.) A  fruit which  grows in  the
 southern provinces of the coast of Peru, and the
 north of Chili.  It is round ; and the gray-brown
 husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit
 with its kernel. — Tschudi.
   LUCUMORIA'NUS, probably from lux, 'light,'
 and moniri,  ' to tarry.'  Continuing for several
 days :  hence, Dormil'io lucumoridna. A morbid
 sleep persisting for several days.
   LUDUS  HELMON'TII,  L. Paraccl'd,  Fel
 terra.  A calcareous stone, the precise nature not
 known, which was used by the ancients in calcu-
 lous affections.  The term was also applied to
 every species of calculous  concretion occurring
 in the  animal body.
   Ludus Paracelsi, L. Helmontii.
   LUES, Disease,  Plague, Syphilis — 1. Divina,
 Epilepsy — 1. Dysenterica, Dysentery—1. Gonor-
 rhoea, Gonorrhoea irapura—1. Gutturis epidemi-
 ca, Cynanche maligna—1. Indica, Framboesia —
 1.  Inguinaria,  Plague — 1. Polonica,  Plica — 1.
 Sarmatica, Plica — 1.  Syphilis, Syphilis — 1. Sy-
 philodes, Syphilis pseudo-syphilis—1. Trichoma-
 tica, Plica — 1. Venerea, Syphilis — 1. Scorbutica,
 see Purpura.
   LUETTE, Uvula — I.  Vesicate,  see Urinary
 bladder.
 ■ LUGDUS, Erysipelas.
   LUJULA, Oxalis acetosella.
   LULLABY SPEECH, Lallation.
   LUMBA'GO, from  lumbi, 'the loins.'  Arthro'-
 sia lumbo'rum, Lumbago rheumat'ica, A7ephral'gia
 rheumat'ica, Rachirrheu'ma,  Rachiorrheu'ma,
 Rheumatia'mtta  doraa'li8, Oaphyrrhedma.  Rheu-
 matism affecting the lumbar region.
  Lnmbdgo paoad'ica,  L.  apostemato'sa,  L.  ab
 arthroc'ace. Pain in the loins from abscess.  See
 Psoitis.
  Lumbago a Nisu, see Effort.
  LUMB AR, Lumba'ris vel Lumba'lis, (F.) Lom-
 baire.   Belonging  or having  reference to  the
 loins.
  Lumbar Abscess,  Psoas  abscess, Apostc'ma
 psoat'icum, Absces'sus lumbo'rum, Morbus psoad'-
 icus.  This  abscess is so called from the matter
 being found on the side of the psoas muscle, or
 betwixt that and the  iliacus internus.  Between
 these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub-
 stance ; and, when an abscess takes place there,
 it  can  find no  outlet  except by a distant course.
 Generally,  it descends  along  the psoas muscle,
 forming a  swelling immediately beneath Pou-
 part's ligament; at times,  however,  it extends
 down the thigh under the fascia.  Severe hectic
 follows  the  bursting  of tho abscess, and often
death.   Its  causes are, — scrofula, injury to the
loins, Ac.
  AVhen, from the pain of the back  continuing
for some time, with other symptoms, the disease
is  suspected, caustics, or the moxa, applied op-
 posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver-
 tebrae, may be recommended; and, when the ab-
 scess is ready for opening, it may be emptied by
 repeated discharges of the  matter, through a
 small  opening,  made  with a  lancet,  or small,
 lancet-pointed  trocar.   The medical treatment
 consists  in supporting the  system, under the
 great restorative efforts required of it.
   Lumbar Arteries are  four  or five in number
 on each side.  They arise from the  sides of the
 abdominal aorta, and  pass behind the muscles *
 situate in front of the lumbar portion of the spine,
 to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen.  They
 give off, 1. Spinal branches.  2. Anterior, poste-
 rior, and external muscular branches.
   Lumbar Nerves are five in number, and issue
 from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina
 of the loins.  The  first lumbar nerve  gives off
 three branches:—the external or ilio-scrotal; the
 middle or inguino-cutaneoua, and the internal or
 infra-pubian.  Along with the  three pairs below
 it, it forms the lumbar plexus.
   Lumbar Plexus, Portion lombaire du plexus
 crural ( Ch.), Plexus  Lombo-abdominal.   This
 plexus is formed by the union of the Rami com-
 munican'tes of the anterior branches of the first
 four lumbar nerves. It is situate behind  the psoas
 muscle, and  before the transverse processes of
 the lumbar vertebrae.   It  furnishes,  besides the
 branches which proceed from the first pair, seve-
 ral filaments, that  are distributed to the psoas
 muscle, to the iliacus, the integuments, and glands
 of the groin ; and three great branches—the crur
 ral, obdurator, and lumbosacral.
  Lumbar  Region, Lumbi.
  Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analogous
 to that of the arteries of the  same name.  They
 communicate with the  vertebral sinuses, azygous
 veins, <fec,  and pass into the vena cava inferior.
  LUMBARIS  EXTERNUS, Quadratus lumbo- '
 rum — 1. Internus, Psoas magnus.
  LUMBI, The loina, the  Lumbar region, Re'gio
 lumba'li8, Lap'ara, Paoa,  08phys, Reina.   The
 posterior regions of the abdomen, comprised be-
 tween the base of the chest and the pelvis.   The
 parts which enter into  the formation of the lum-
 bar region are, — the skin  ; a considerable quan-
 tity  of areolar  texture; broad  and strong apo-
 neuroses ;—the Latiaaimua Dorai, Obliquua exter-
 num,  and Obliquua interims abdominis, Transver-
 salis abdominis, Quadratus lumborum, and the
 mass common to the Sacro-lumbalis, Longissimus
 dorsi, and MulUfidua apina.  These muscles sur-
 round the lumbar region of the vertebral column.
 The vessels, nerves, <fec, of the loins, are called
 lumbar.
  LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging to the lumbar
 and  sacral regions.  (F.)  Lombo-aacre.   Bichat
 calls thus a very large nerve, given off from the
 anterior  branch  of the fifth lumbar pair, which
 descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join
 the sciatic plexus.
  LUMBRICA'LIS, Vermiculdria.  Resembling
 a lumbricua, or 'earthworm.'  A name given to
 small muscles, met with in  the palm of the hand
 and sole  of the foot.
  Lumbricales  Manus. Fidicina'lea, Flexor pri-
 mi interno'dii digito'rum manus vel  perfora'tua
 lumbrica'lis,  (F.) Annnli-teiidino-phalangiens,
 Palmi-phalangiena.  Four  small,  fleshy, thin,
 round, long, fusiform  fasciculi, situate  in  the
 palm of  the  hand, and distinguished into  first,
 second, third, and fourth, counting from withou'
 to within.  They arise  from the tendons of the
 flexor communis digitorum, and are inserted at
the outer and posterior side of the superior ex-
 tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin-
gers.   These musc'.es  bend the lingers on  the 
LUMBRICUS               528                 LUXEUII
metacarpus, and  fix the tendons  of  the  flexor
digitorum communis.
  Lumbricales Pedis,  (F.) Planti-tcndino-pha-
langiens,  Planti-sous-phalangiena,  (Ch.)   They
are analogous to those of the hand in form, num-
ber, and arrangement.  They increase the flexion
of the toes, and draw them inwards.
  LUMBRICUS, Ascaris lumbricoides — 1.  La-
tus, Bothriocephalus  latus, Taenia  solium — 1.
Teres hominis, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LUMBUS  VENERIS, Achillea millefolium.
  LUMEN,  Light, Pupil —1.  Constans,  Phos-
phorus.  v
  LUMIERE, Light
  LUNA,  Argentum,  Moon — L Albini, Sciatic
notch, lesser — 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth—1. Pota-
bilis, Argenti nitras.
   LUNAR, Lunatic.
   LUNA'RE OS,  Os  aemilundre.   The second
bone in the upper row  of the carpus.
   LUNARIA, Menses.
   Luna'ria  Redivi'vA,  Leuco'ium, Bulbonach,
Satin, Honeety.   Said, by Ray, to  be  a warm
diuretic.
   LUNARIS, Lunatic.
   LU'NATIC,  Lunat'icua, Luna'ria,  Luna'riua,
Lunar, from  luna, 'the moon.'  Relating  to the
moon.  An epithet given to diseases which are
supposed to appear at certain phases of the moon,
or  to those who  are affected by them.  The term
lunatic is  restricted to one labouring under lu-
nacy, or mental  alienation;—Moonstruck, Sele-
noble'tus.  In law, a lunatic is one who has had
an understanding, but by disease,  grief, or other
accident, has lost the use of his reason.
   LUNATICUS, Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam-
bulist.
   LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism.
   LUNE, Moon.
   LUNELLA, Hypopyon.
   LUXES, Menses.
   LUNETTES  ORDIATAIRES, Spectacles.
   LUNG, Pulmo — 1.  Black, of coal miners, An-
 thracosis — 1. Cancer of the, Phthisis, cancerous
 — 1. Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
   Lung, Perforating Abscess of the.  A pu-
 rulent  collection, which forms exterior  to  the
 lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue,  so that
 it is evacuated through the bronchial tubes.
   Lung Proof, Docimasia pulmonum — 1. Wort,
 Pulmonaria—1.  AVort, cow's, Verbascum nigrum
 —1. Wort, tree, Lichen pulmonarius.
   LUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail —1. Scapulae,
 Notch, scapular.
   LUPIA, Encystis,  AVen — 1. Junctura, Spina
 ventosa.
    LUPI'NUS.  Under this term the white lupin,
 Liiplnus al'bua  seu aatlvne, is meant, in some
 pharmacopeias.  The seeds, which  were much
 eaten in the days of Pliny and of Galen, are now
 neglected.   The meal is, however, occasionally
 used as an anthelmintic, and as a cataplasm.
    LUPULl'NA, Lu'pulin, Lupulin'ic glanda.  A
 substance which exists in the humulus lupulus or
 hop.  It is in the form of small, shining,  yellow-
 ish grains, which cover the base of the scales of
 the hop ;  is pulverulent, and of  an aromatic
 odour.  AVhen  analyzed, it is found to  contain
 resin, volatile oil in small quantity, and  a bitter
 principle.  It  is aromatic  and tonic, and — ac-
 cording to some—narcotic.
    LUPULINIC GLANDS, Lupulina.
    LUPULUS, L. humulus—1. Communis, L. hu-
 mulus— 1. Salictarius} L. humulus—1. Scandens,
 L. humulus.
    LUPUS,  'the wolf.'  So named from its rapa-
 city.   Ulcus Tiiberculo'suin,  Cancer lupus, Noli
 me tangere, Phymato'sia lupua.  Tubercular ex-
crescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations,
chiefly about the alas nasi, where  they destroy
the skin, &c, for some  depth.  Sometimes they
appear in the cheek, circularly, or in the shape
of a sort of ringworm, destroying the substance,
and leaving a deep and  deformed cicatrix.  The
knife or caustic  should  be used to separate  the
sound from  the morbid  parts.   Asenic  has been
given  internally with  advantage.   See, also,
Herpes  exedens, and Lycoides.
  Lupus Cancrosus, Cancer—1. Varicosus, Nam
—1. A'orax, Herpes exedens.
  LURCO, Glutton.
  LURID,  Lu'ridus.   Pale, yellow,  sallow; —
applied to the complexion.
  LUROR, Paleness.
  LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia.
  LUSCIOSUS, Borgne, Myops.
  LUS'CITAS, Luacios'itaa, Luacil'iea.  Strabis-
mus.   The term has  also been given to all those
cases of obliquity in  which the eye  is fixed in an
unnatural position.—Beer.
  LUSCITIES,  Luscitas.
  LUSTRAMENTUM,  Cathartic.
  LUSCUS, Borgne.
  L UT, Lute.
  LUTE, Lutum, (' mud,') Camen'tum.  (F.) Lut.
A composition employed either  for  closing aper-
tures in  a pharmaceutical  instrument, or  for
covering the surface  of  retorts,  tubes, <fec, which
have to support a great degree of heat.  Lutes
are composed differently, according to the object
to be accomplished.   Commonly they are made
of linseed meal and starch.  The fat lute is formed
of clay  and drying oil.  Sometimes, the white of
egg and lime are used; and that  which is  em-
ployed  for  covering vessels,  intended  to bo
strongly heated, is made of clay, sifted sand,  and
water.
   LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola.
   LUTEUS, Yellow.
   LUTRON, lovrpov.   A bath. Also,  an oph-
thalmic medicine.—Galen.
   LUX, Light.
   LUXATIO, Luxation—1. Imperfecta, Sprain..
   LUXA'TION, Eluxa'tion, from luxare, 'to put
out of place.' Dialoca'tion, OHathe'ma, Apoped'-
aaia,  Luxdtio,  Dialocdtio,  Ec'cliaia,  Strem'ma,
Luxatu'ra, Ectop'ia, Ecpto'ais, Elap'ana, Lygia'-
mua, Emo'tio, Ec'ataaia, Exarthre'ma,  Exarthro' -
ma, Exarthre'ma luxdtio, Exarthro'aia, Exo'sis,
Exothc'aia,  Pciratop'ia, Streblo'sis,  Deloca'tio,
Exarticuldtio,  (F.) Luxation,  Dislocation,  De-
boitement.   A displacement of a part from its
.proper situation.    A putting  out of joint.  A
displacement of two or more bones, whose  arti-
cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part,  their
natural connexion ;  either owing to external vio-
lence, (accidental luxation,) or  to disease of some
 of the parts about the joint (spontaneous luxation.)
 Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely
 lost their natural connexion;  incomplete, when
 they partly preserve it; and compound, when a
 wound  communicates  with the  luxated joint.
 The  general indications  of treatment, are;—1
 To reduce the protruded bone  to its original
 place.   2.  To  retain it in «ir«.  3.  To  obviatb
 any attendant or consequent symptoms.
    To  reduce requires  extension,  counter-exten-
 sion, and coaptation.
    LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Saline
 waters, at the town of  Lnxeuil, at the foot of the
 A'osges, in the department of Haute Saone.  Fivo
 springs are thermal, and two  cold.  They  seem
 to contain carbonic-  acid, carbonates  of iron and
 lime, and chloride of sodium;  and are employed
 as aperient, tonic, and  stimulant. 
LYCANCHE
529
LYMPHANGIECTASIS
   LYCAN'CHE, Lycan'chis, from Ivkos, 'a wolf,'
 and ayx<t, 'I strangle.'  Wolf quinsy, Wolfchoak;
 — as Cynanche means Dog choak.  Also, hydro-
 phobia.  See Lyco'ides.
   LVCANCIIIS, Lycanche.
   LYCANTIIROPE, see Lycanthropia.
   LYCANTHRO'PIA, from Xuiof, ' a wolf,' and
 av^ptaitos, ' a man :'  Lycdon, Insa'nia lupi'na, Ly-
 conulnia.   A variety of melancholy, in which
 the person believes himself to  be changed into a
 wolf, and imitates  the voice and habits of that
 animal.  One so circumstanced is called a Ly'-
 canthrope, Lycanthro'jp%s.
   LYCANTHROPUS, see Lycanthropia.
   LA'CAON, Lycanthropia.
   LYCIIN1DIUM, Biolychnium.
   LYCHNIS OFFICINALIS, Saponaria—1. Syl-
 vestris, Suponaria.
   LYCIINIUM,  Biolychnium.
   LYCOl'DES,  Lyco'dea, from  Xtiicos, 'a  wolf,'
 and ethos, ' form.'  Lupo aim'ilia.   An epithet for
 a species of cynanche, called, also, Lupus, and
 Strangulator, and  absurdly attributed to1' exces-
 sive retention of sperm  in its  reservoirs and its
 passage into the blood (?).—Galen.
   L YCOPl\ DE VIRGINIE,  Lycopus Virgini-
 CUS.   ,  ;  .  '
   LYCOPER'DfJN,  from, Xtucos,  'a  wolf,' and
 wepctii, 'I break wind;' L. Bovis'ta seu Arrhlzon
 seu Globci'sum, Crep'itiis  Lnpi, Fungus Chimrgo'-
 rum,  Pufy-btr/lj Bull  Fists, Mol'lipuffs, Bovis'ta,
 (F.)  Vcsseloup.   The puff-ball  dries into a very
 fine, light brownish dust, which  is sometimes used
 as a mechanical styptic to arrest hemorrhage.
   Lycoperdon Arriiizon, Lycoperdon — 1. Glo-
 bosum, Lycoperdon — 1.  Gulosorum, L. Tuber.
   Lycoper'don  Tuber, L. Guloao'rnm, Tuber
 Agriocaa' tanuin, Trubs, Tuber aba'rium seu t?i(-
 loso'rum  seu Nigrum,   Tu'bera  Terra,  Truffle,
 (pronounced troqfle,) Tuckaho, (F.) Truffe.   A
 fleshy, firm  body, unknown in its mode of repro-
 duction, which is found under ground, especially
 in different parts of  France, Italy,  <fec, and is
 much esteemed as an aliment.   It seems to be-
 long  to the champignons, and has a  particular
 perfume.  Aphrodisiac virtues have been ascribed
 to it.
   LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM, Solanum
 lycopersicum—-1. Pomum amoris, Solanum lyco-
 persicum—1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum.
   LYCOPO'DIUM, from Ivkos,  'a wolf,' and irouf,
 'a foot.'  L. C/ava'tum seu Officina'le, Lepido'tia
 c'.ava'ta, Cinguldria, Muscusclara'ttts, C/ub-moaa,
 Wolf's-claw.  This  is the largest of the European
 mosses.  The dust, which fills the capsules of its
 spikes, is very inflammable, and hence has been
 called Vegetable  Sulphur; — and, also, Fari'na
 seu Pulvis  seu Semen seu  Sulphur Lycopo'dii.
 It is used in France to roll pills and boluses in;
 end in medicine is a  desiccative,  in the excoria-
 tions to which infants are liable.   It is collected
 chiefly in Switzerland  and Germany for  com-
 merce.
  Lycopo'dium  Complana'tum,  Common Club-
moss,  Ground Pine;  indigenous; has  the  same
properties as Lycopodium selago.
  Lycopo'dium  Officinale,  L.  clavatum — 1.
Recurvum, L. Selago.
  Lycopodium Sela'go,  L. Recur'vum, Planan'-
tJ'U8 fastigdtus seu sela'go, Muscus erec'tus seu
Cathar'ticus, Sda'go,  Upright   Club-moss,  Fir
Club-inos8,  Upright Fir-moaa.  A decoction of
tiiis plant acts violently as an emetic and purga-
tive;  and was formerly, on this account, used as
an abortive.   It is also employed to kill vermin.
  LY'TOPUS, L. Virgin'icus, Bugleieeed, IPafer
      34
 Bugle,  Water Horehound, Gypsy  Weed, Paula
 Bet'ony, (F.) Lycope  de Virginie.   This indige-
 nous herb, Sex.  Syat.  Diandria Monogynia, Nat.
 Ord. Labiatse, grows throughout the greater part
 of the United States.   The whole herb is said to
 be  slightly narcotic.   It is  given in infusion,
 (Lycop. 3*j ; aq. fervent. Oj.)
  Lycopus Sinia'tus, Water Horehound, Gypay
 Weed,  Paula Bet'ony, indigenous, has  similar
 properties.
  Lycopus Tirginicus, Lycopus.
  LYCOREXIS, Fames lupina.
  LYCOSA TARENTULA, see Tarantula.
  LY^COSTOMA, Hyperoi5chasma.
  LYE, Lixivium,  Ley—1. Dyspeptic, see  Fuli-
 gokali—1. Medical,  seTs Fuligokali.
  LYGISMUS,  Luxation.
  LYGMODES, Singultous.
  LYGMUS. Singultus.
  LYGODES, Singultous.
  LYING-IN STATE, Parturient state.
  LArMA, Lochia.
  LYMPH,  Lympha,  from  vvptpn, 'water,'  by
 changing v into A.  JVhite blood, Lympha ATu-
 tril'ia.  A name given to the fluid contained in
 the "lymphatic vessels and  thoracic duct of ani-
 mals, which have been made to fast for 24 hours.
 According to Chevreul, the  lymph of the  dog
 contains water, fibrin, albumen,  common salt,
 subcarbonate  of soda, phosphates  of  lime  and
 magnesia, and carbonate of lime.  The properties
 and composition of lymph vary somewhat  ac-
 cording to  the part  whence the lymphatic vessels
 obtain it.  Generally, it is under the form of a
 transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes of
 a madder-red or yellowish colour,—of a spermatic
 odour, and saline taste; soluble in water, — the
 solution becoming turbid, when mixed with alco-
 hol.  AVhen left to itself, it coagulates.  The clot
 or solid portion  becomes of a scarlet  red, if put
 in contact with oxygen; and of a  purple red, if
 placed in carbonic acid.
  Like the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid in
 which lymph corpuscles or globules are suspended.
  The iymph is probably the «product of internal
 absorption  in different parts of the  body : it then
 flows along the  lymphatic vessels, uniting with
 the chyle, and is poured with it into  the veins;
 thus becoming one of  the materials of the blood.
 According to others, the blood, when  it reaches
 the arterial radicles, is divided into two portions,
 —the one  red, which  is carried to the heart,—
 the other serous or white, which is absorbed by
 the lymphatic vessels,  and constitutes the lymph.
 By  others,  again, the  lymphatics are considered
 to be the vessels of return for the white blood
 sent to certain tissues.  White blood, however,
 has probably no existence.
  The word lymph is sometimes used erroneously
 by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis.
  Lymph, Coagulable, Fibrin, Liquor sanguinis
— 1. Corpuscles, see  Lymph—1.  Globules,  see
 Lymph—1. Hearts, Lymphatic hearts—1. Plastic,
 Liquor sanguinis.
  ITYMPHA,  Lymph—1.  Arborum, see Sap—1.
 Muculenta  narium, Nasal mucus—1.  Nutritia,
 Lymph—1. Pancreatis, see Pancreas—1. Pericar-
 dii,  see Pericardium—1. Plastica, Fibrin.
  LYMPHADENI'TIS: from lympha, 'lymph,'
and  adenitis, 'inflammation   of a  gland.'  In-
flamma'tio glandula'rum lymphaticdrum, Adeni-
tis lymphat'ica,  (F.) Adinite  lymphatique.   In-
flammation of a lymphatic gland or ganglion.
  LYMPHJEDUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGEITIS, Angeioleueitis.
  LYMPHANGIA,  Lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGIE C'TAS IS,   Lymjihcurys'ma } 
              LYMPHANGITIS

from lymph, ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and eKraais, 'dila-
tation.'   Dilatation of lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleueitis.
  LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY',  Lymphangiogra-
ph'ia; from lymph, ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' &ndypatpn,
' a description.'  A description of the lymphatic
vessels                                    "
  LYMPHANGIOITIS-, Angeioleueitis.
  LYMPHANGIOL'OGY,  from  Lymphangion,
'a  lymphatic,' and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'  A
treatise  On the lymphatics.
  LYMPHANGIOT'OMY,   Lymphangiotom'ia;
from  lymph,  ayyeiov, ' a vessel,' and rop.it, ' inci-
sion.'  The anatomy or dissection  of the  lym-
phatic vessels.           *
  LYMPH ANGON'CUS,  Lymphon'cus;   from
lymph, ayyeiov, ' a vessel,' and oynos, ' a tumour.'
Tumefaction of the lymphatics.
  LYMPHAT'IC,  Lymphat'icus.    That which
relates to lymph.
  Lymphatic Hearts.  Lymph  Hearts.  The
frog and several other animals are provided with
large receptacles for the lymph immediately un-
derneath  the  skin, which  exhibit  distinct and
regular  pulsations like the sanguiferous heart.
Their use appears to be—to propel the lymph.
  Lymphatic System  is that particular  system
of organs which is inservient to the formation and
circulation of lymph.  These organs are :
  1.  Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands, see
Conglobate.
  2. Lymphatic Vessels, Lymphaduc'tua, Lym-
phangla, Lymphange'a, Vena lymphalica, Ductua
aero'81', Vasa lymphatica, V. reaorben'tia, Vaaa hy-
drago'ga, Hydrangi'a.  These are very numerous.
Arising  at the surface of membranes and in the
tissue of the organs, they carry into the veins the
lymph from those parts.  Lymphatic vessels are
found in every part of the body.  AVherever they
are met with, however,  they form two orders,—
one superficial, the other deep-seated;—the two
orders frequently communicating with each other.
Lymphatic vessels are generally  smaller  than
arteries  and veins* They are very thin, diapha-
nous, and cylindrical;  but present,  here and
there,  more  or  less  considerable  dilatations,
caused by valves  in their  interior.  They are
slightly  tortuous in their course;  their anasto-
moses are very numerous, and they often  cross
each other, forming successive plexuses.  Of the
arrangement of the extreme radicles we are igno-
rant.  All the branches, before joining the prin-
cipal trunks,  pass through lymphatic  ganglions,
in which they are convoluted, or subdivide almost
•id infinitum.  They are formed of an outer cel-
lular membrane and  an internal coat, similar to
that of  the veins; of the latter,  the  valves are
formed.   All the lymphatics of the  body  ulti-
mately discharge themselves into the  subclavian
and internal jugular veins.   Two of these trunks
are considerably larger than  the others, — the
thoracic  duct, and the  great trunk of the  right
side,  (F.)  La grande  veine lympihatique droite.
The former receives the lymphatics  of the abdo-
men, of the lower extremities, the left side of the
thorax, the left upper extremity, and  the corre-
sponding side of the head and neck; the Zaffer
receives those of the right upper extremity, and
of the right side of the  head, neck and thorax.
  LYMPHATITIS, Angeioleueitis.
  L YMPHE DE COTUGNO, Cotunnius, liquor
of.
  LYMPHEURYSMA, Lymphangiectasis.
  LYMPHITIS, Angeioleueitis.
  LYMPHIZA'TION.   A term used  by  Profes-
sor Gross to signify effusion of coagulable  lymph.
It is not a happy word, inasmuch as lymph has
0                LYTHRUM

another meaning, whilst  the term 'coagulable
lymph' is now almost abandoned.
  LYMPHOCHE'ZIA,  from  lympha,  'lymph,'
and xt&i ' I go to stool.'  Serous diarrhoea.
  LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus — 1. Iridis,
Iridauxesis.
  LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
  LYMPHO'SIS. The preparation or elabora-
tion of lymph.
  LYMPHOT'OMY, from lympha, 'lymph,' and
renvoi, 'I cut.'  Dissection of the lymphatics.
  LYNCH'S EMBROCATION.  An  emollient
nostrum, formed  of olive  oil  impregnated with
bergamot and other essences, and  coloured with
alkanet root.
  LYNGODES,  Singultous — 1. Febris, Fever,
singultous.
  LYNGYODES, Singultous.
  LYNN WAHOO, Ulmus alata.
  LYNX, Singultus.
  LYPE,  Athymia.
  LYPEMANIA, Melancholy.
  LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A South African
plant, Nat.  Ord.  Scrophulariaceae, the flowers of
which closely resemble saffron in smell and taste,
and possess similar medical virtues.
  LYPEROPHRENIE,  Melancholy.
  LYPOMA, Lipoma.
  LYPOTHYM'IA, from Xuiri/, 'sadness,'and
Svfios,  'heart, courage.'  Very  great sadness or
despondency.                       ,
  LYRA, Ivpa, 'the lyre.'  Psalter, Psalte'rium,
Corpus Psalloi'des, Lyra Ddvidi8, Lam'ina me-
dulla'ria triangula'ris cer'ebri,  Spa'tium tri'go-
num.   The under surface of  the posterior part of
the body of the fornix is  impressed with nume-
rous transverse and  oblique lines, which  have
been so called  from some resemblance  they bear
to the ancient lyre.
  LYRINGIUM, Eryngium campestre.
  LYSIA, Lysis.
  LYSIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA,  L. nem'o-
rum, Nummula'ria, Hirundina'ria, Centimor'bia,
Creeping Looae Strife, Money Wort, (F.) Herbe
aux ecus.  This  plant was  formerly accounted
vulnerary.   It  has  been  considered to possess
antiscorbutic and astringent qualities,  and has
been used in leueorrhcea.
  Lysimachia  Purpurea, Lythrum salicaria.
  Lysima'chia Quadrifo'lia,/'our-Leaved Loose
Strife, Crosswort, an indigenous plant, is astrin-
gent ; and has been used as a stomachic and an-
tiperiodic.
  LYSIS, Lysia, from Ivta, 'I dissolve.'   Solu-
tion.  A common suffix;  also,  a name given to
solutions or terminations of disease, which are
operated insensibly;  that is, gradually  and  with-
out critical symptoms.
  LYSSA, Hydrophobia — 1. Canina, Hydropho-
bia.
  LYSSAS, Maniodes.
  LYSSETER, Maniodes.
  LYSSODEC'TUS,  from Xuo-o-a, 'canine  mad-
ness,' and  <Wv«, 'I  bite.'  Hydroph'obus; Cane
rab'ido morsira.   One who has  been bitten by a
mad dog, or is actually labouring  under hydro-
phobia.
  LYSSODEG'MA, Lys8odeg'mu8, Lyasodexis,
same etymon.  The bite of a mad dog.
  LYSSODEXIS, Lyssodegma.
  LYTE'RIOS, Ivrnptos, (from Xuoi, 'I dissolve,')
'solving.'  An epithet given  to those signs which
announce the solution of a very violent disease.
  LYTHRUM  SALICA'RIA, Lysima'chia pur-
pu'rea, Salica'ria vulga'ris  seu spica'ta; — the
Common or Purple Willow  Herb.  The herb, root,
5 
LYTTA
531
MACROTES
and flowers possess a considerable degree of as-
tringency, and are used, occasionally, in the cure
of diarrhoea and dysentery, leucorrhoea, hasmop-
tysis,  <fcc.
  LYTTA TESICATORIA, Cantharis.
  Lytta Ru'fipes.  A variety of Lytta, peculiar
to Chili, which is more active as a vesicant than
the cantharis,  or the lytta next described.
  Lytta Titta'ta, Can'tharis vittata,  Pota'to
Fly, (F.) Cantharide tachetee.  Four species of
meloe that blister are found in the United States.
The  lytta vittata feeds  principally upon  the po-
tato plant, and, at the proper season of the year,
may be collected in immense numbers.   The po-
tato fly resembles the cantharides in every pro-
perty, and is fully equal tfo them.
M.
   M.  This letter signifies, in prescriptions, ma-
 nipulua,  'a handful.'  Also,  miace, 'mix.'  See
 Abbreviation.
   MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla.
   MACARO'NI.   An alimentary paste, moulded
 of a  cylindrical  shape, and  formed  of  rice or
 wheaten flour.  It is eaten — when boiled — in
 soup—prepared with cheese, <fcc.
   Also, a name formerly given to  a pulverulent
 compound  of sugar and glass of antimony, car-
 ried into France  by the Italian  monks, and em-
 ployed at the hospital La Charite  in the treat-
 ment of painters' colic.
   MACE,  seo  Myristica  moschata — m.  Reed,
 Typha latifolia.
   MACEDONISIUM, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   MACER, Gracilis.
   MACERA'TION, Macerdtio,  from macero, 'I
 soften by water.'   An  operation which  consists
 in infusing, usually without  heat,  a  solid sub-
 stance in a liquid, so as to extract its virtues.
   MACERONA, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   MACES," see Myristica moschata.
   MACESCERE, Emaciate.
   MACH.ERA, Culter, Knife, Penis.
   MACH^ERIDION, Machserion.
   MACHiE'RION, Macha'ria, Macharid'ion,
 Glad'iolua.  A knife. An amputating knife.  Rufus
 of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices gave this
 name to a part of  the liver of animals.
   MACHiERIS, Knife, Novacula.
   MACHA'ON, from uaxaoi, ' I  desire to  fight.'
 The son  of uEsculapius, and  a celebrated phy-
 sician.
   MACHAO'NIA   seu  MACHAON'ICA  ARS.
 Medicine.   The Healing Art: — so called after
 Machaon, the son  of iEsculapius.
   MACHI'NAL, Mechan'icua.  This  epithet is
 added especially by French writers  to the word
 movement, to express that the will takes no part
 in it.
   MACHINE',  Mach'ina,  Machinamen'tum,
 Me'chane, Mechane'ma.  A more or less  com-
 pound instrument, used in physics  and chymis-
 try to put a body in motion,  or to  produce any
 action whatever.   Physiologists sometimes use it
 for the animal body; — as the machine or animal
 machine.
   MACHLOSYNE. Nymphomania.
   MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone — m. Diacrani-
 enne,  Maxillary bone,  lower — m. Syncranienne,
 Maxillary bone, superior.
  MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation—m. Infantum,
 Tabes mesenterica.
  MACILENTUS, Gracilis.
  MACIS. see Myristica moschata.
  MACRAU'CHEN, from uanpos, 'long,'and
"v\nv, 'the neck.'   Longo collo prm'ditua.  One
who has a long neck. — Galen.
  MAC RE  FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans.
  MACRITUDO, Emuciation.
   MACROBIOSIS, Longevity.
   MACROBIOTES, Longevity.
   MACROBIOTTC, Macrobiot'icua,  Macrobi'o-
 tus, ilacro'biua, Longa'vita, from jiaKpis, 'great,'
 'long,' and (lias, 'life.'   That which lives a long
 time.   The macrobiotic art is the art of living a
 long time.
   MACROBIOTUS, Macriobiotic.
   MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic.
   MACROCEPH'ALUS, from uaicpos, 'great,'
 'long,' and icetpaln, 'head.'   Qui  magnum habet
 caput.  'One who has a large head.'   This epi-
 thet is given to children  born with heads so large
 that they seem to be hydrocephalic; but in which
 the unusual development is owing to a large size
 of the brain.  Such are supposed to be more than
 ordinarily liable  to convulsions. (?)  The term
 has also been applied by Hippocrates to certain
 Asiatics who had long heads.   See Capitones.
   MACROCO'LIA, from uaicpos, 'great,'and
 kuiIov, 'a limb.'  Great length of limbs in general,
 and of the lower limbs in particular.
   MACRODAC'TYLUS, from uaxpos, 'great,'
 and iaxrvlos, ' a finger.'  Having long fingers.
   MACROGASTER PLATYPUS, Acarus folli-
 culorum.
   MACROGLOSSA, see Macroglossus.
   MACROGLOS'SUS, from pa<pos, 'large,'and
 ylwaaa, ' tongue.'   One  who  has a very large  or
 prolapsed tongue.  See Paraglossa.
   MACRONOSIjE, Chronic diseases.
   MACROPHAL'LUS, from uaicpos, 'large,' and
 ipallos, 'the  male  organ.'   A large  size  of the
 male organ.
   MACROPHO'NUS, from uaicpos, 'great,' and
 tptttvn, 'voice.'   One who  has a strong voice.
   MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from uaKpos,
 'long,' tpvaa, 'air,' and  nctpaln, 'head.'   A word
 used by Ambrose Pare to designate an augmen-
 tation  of the head of the foetus,  produced by a
 sort of emphysema [?], which  retards delivery.
   MACROPIPER, Piper longum.
   MACROPNCE'A, from  paicpos, 'long,' and irveoi,
 'I breathe.'  A long and deep respiration.
   MACROP'NUS, Macrop'nooa.   One who
 breathes slowly : — a word  met with in some au-
 thors. — Hippocrates.
   MACROP'ODUS, Mac'ropua, from paxpos,
 'great,' and irons,  'foot.'   One who has a large
 foot.                              .
   MACROR, Emaciation.
   MACROR'RHIS.  from uanpos, 'great,' and pit
 or ptv, 'nose.'   One who has a long nose.
   MACROS. Long.
   MACROS'CELES, Crura longa habena; from
paKpos,  'long,' and cuelos, 'the leg.'  One who
has long legs.
   MAOROSIyE, Chronic  diseases.
  MACRO'TES, from nanpos,  'great,'  and  ouj,
'an ear.'   One who has long ears. 
MACR0TRY8                532             MAGNESIA
  MACROTRYS  RACEMOSA, see Aetaea race-
mosa.
  MACULA.   A spot.  Dyschrce'a, Cclia, Lobes,
(F.)  Tache.  A permanent discoloration of some
portion  of the skin,  often with a change of  its
texture.  Ephelis, Ncevua, Spilua, <fec, belong to
Macukc.
  Macula,  Molecule — m. Cornese, Caligo — m.
Corneas arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Corneae marga-1
ritacea, Paralampsis — m. Cribrosa, see Auditory
canal, internal —  m.  Fusca, Ephelides — m.  Ger-
minativa, see Molecule—m. Hepatica, Chloasma
materna, Nasvus — m. Lenticularis, Ephelides —
m. Lutea retinse,  see Foramen centrale — m. Ma-
tricalis. Na?vus—m. Matricis, Nsevus—m. Solaris,
Ephelides.
  MACUL.E ANTE OCULOS VOLITANTES,
Metamorphopsia.
  MACULOSUS, SabU.
  ]MAD, Insane.
  MADAR, Mudar.
  MADARO'SIS, from  paoos, 'bald.'  3Iadaro'-
ma,  Made'sis,  Madar'otes, Made'ma,  Mad'isis,
Depluma'tio, Milpha, Milpho'sis, Ptilo'sia, Cal-
vltiea.   Loss of the hair, particularly of the eye-
lashes.
  MADAROTES, Madarosis.
  MADDER, DYERS', Rubia.
  MADEIRA,  CLIMATE OF.  This island is
much frequented by pulmonary invalids, on  ac-
count of the mildness and equability of its cli-
mate.   Owing, indeed,  to the  mildness of the
winter, and the coolness of the summer, together
with the remarkable equality of the temperature
during day and night, as well as throughout the
year, it has been  considered that the climate of
Madeira is the finest in  the northern hemisphere.
Sir  James Clark  is  of  opinion that there is no
place on the continent of Europe, with which he
is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid could
reside with so much  advantage, during the whole
year, as in Madeira.
  MADELEON,  Bdellium.
  MADEMA, Madarosis.
  MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis.
  MADISIS, Depilation, Madarosis.
  MADISTE'RIUM,  Madiate'rion,  Trichola'-
bium, Tricholabis, Volaella.  Tweezers.  An in-
strument for extracting hairs.
  MADNESS,   CANINE,  Hydrophobia — m.
Raving or furious, Mania.
  MADOR, Moisture.   A cold  sweat.
  MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral.
  MADWEED, Scutellaria lateriflora.
  MAEA, Midwife.
  MAEEIA, Obstetrics.
  MAEIA,  Obstetrics.
  MAEUTRIA,  Midwife.
  MAGDA'LIA,  Magda'leon, Magdalia. Crumb
of bread.  Any  medicine, as a pill, formed  of
crumb of bread.  A roll of plaster.
  MAGEIRICE, Culinary art.
  MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne.
  MAGIS, fiayts, 'a cake.'  A sort of cake, com-
posed of cloves,  garlic  and cheese, beaten toge-
ther. — Hippocrates.
  MAGISTERIUM, Magistery —m.  Bismuthi,
Bismuth, subnitrate of—m.  Jalapae, Resin  of
Jalap — m. Marcasitse, Bismuth, subnitrate of—
m.  Plumbi, Plumbi  subcarbonas — m. Sulphuris,
Sulphur lotum — m. Tartari  purgans, Potassae
acetas.
   MAG"ISTERY, Magiate'rium, from magiater,
' a master.'   Certain precipitates from saline so-
lutions were formerly so called; as well as other
medicines,  the preparation of which  was  kept
secret.
  Magistery  of Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate
of.
  MAG'TSTRAL, Magiatrdlia.  Same etymon.
Extempora'neoua.  Medicines are so called which
are prepared extemporaneously; officinal medi-
cines being such as have been prepared for some
time before they are prescribed.
  MAGISTRANTLA, Imperatoria.
  MAGMA, payua, (F.) Marc.  The  thick resi-
duum,  obtained  after expressing certain sub-
stances to-extract the fluid parts from them. The
grounds which remain  after treating a substance
with water, alcohol, or any other menstruum.
Also, a salve of a certain consistence.
  Magma or Marc  of Olives is the residuum
after the greatest possible quantity of oil has been
extracted  from olives by making  them ferment.
It was formerly employed as a stimulant, under
the form of a bath—to which the name Bain de
Marc was given by the French.
  Magma or  Marc  of Grapes, Bry'tia, was
once employed for the same purposes.
  MAGMA  RETICULE,  'reticulated magma.'
The gelatiniform substance found between  the
chorion and amnion  in the early period of em-
bryonic existence.
  MAGNES, Magnet.
  Magnes Arsenica'lis.  (Sulphur, white arae-
nic, and common antimony, of each equal  parts.
Mix by fusion.)   It is corrosive.   See Magnetic
plaster.
  Magnes Epilepsia, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
rubrum.
  MAGNE'SIA, Abarnahas, Chambar,  Terra
ama'ra, Magnesia terra, Tate earth; from mag-
nes, 'the  magnet;' because it was supposed to
have the power of attracting substances from the
air.  Its metallic base is macjne'sium.
  Magnesia,  M. usta, 31. calcina'ta,  Calcined
Magnesia,  Oxide of magne'aium, (F.) 3Iogniaie
brulee, 3Iagneaie, 31. Cauatique.  This is obtained
by exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong
heat.   It is inodorous ; taste very slightly bitter;
in  the form of a white, light, spongy, soft pow-
der.  S. g. 2.3;  requiring 2000 times its weight
of water for its solution.  It is antacid, and lax-
ative when  it meets with  acid in the stomach.
Dose, gr.  x  to g*,j in water or milk.
   Magnesia Aerata, Magnesise carbonas — m.
Alba, M. carbonas — m. Calcinata, M. usta — m.
Citrate of, Magnesise  citras-—m. Edinburgensis,
M. carbonas.
   Magnesia, Effervescing, Moxon's.   (Mag-
nea. carb.; 31. sulphat.; Soda  bicarbon., Acid
tartaric,  aa partes a?quales; to be pulverized,
well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme-
tically sealed.)   Dose, a  teaspoonful in  half a
tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence.
   Magnesia, Fluid.  Under this name a prepa-
ration is designated, which consists of a solution
of carbonate of magnesia in carbonated  water.
It is also  termed carbonated magnesia water, ae-
rated magnesia water, and condensed solution of
magnesia, (F.) Eau magnisienne.
   Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesise carbonas—m.
Mitis, Magnesias carbonas—m. Muriate of, Mag-
nesii chloridum — m. Nigra, Manganese, black
oxide of.
   Magnesia  Opali'na.  A name given by L6-
m6ry to a mixture  of equal  parts of antimony,
nitrate of potass, and chloride of sodium, (decre-
pitated.)   It  has emetic properties,  but  is not
used.
   Magnesia  Salis  Amari, Magnesias carbonas
—m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesiae carbonas—m.
 Saturni, Antimonium—m. Solution of, condensed,
 M. fluid — m. Subcarbonate of, Magnesiae carbo- 
MAGNESIAN               533              MAGNETISM
nas — m.  Subcarbonate of, Hydrated, Magnesise
carbonas — in.  Terra,  Magnesia — m. A'itriolata,
Magnesiae sulphas—m. and Soda, sulphate of, see
Soda, sulphate of—m. Usta, .Magnesia.
  Magnesia Car'bonas, M. Subcar'bonaa, 3tag-
iiesia,  (Dublin,)  M.  aera'ta,  31.  carbon'ica, 31.
alba, Subcar'bouate of .Magnesia, Hy'drated Sub-
car'bonate of 3Iagneeia,  Henry'e 3Iagnesia, 31.
Snbcarbon'ica, 31. 3Iitia, 31. Edinburgen'aia, 31.
Salia Ebsdamcn'aia, 31.  Salts ama'ri, Cur'bonaa
magne'aicum, Lac terra,  Hypocar'bonaa magne'-
sia, T. amara  aera'ta, T. ubaor'bens minerdlie,
T.  Tdlco'aa oxyanthraco'dea, (F.)  Sous-carbonate
OU  carbonate  de Magnetic, 3Iagnesie aerie, 31.
blanche, 31. crayeuse,  31. douce, 31.  effervescente,
31. moycnnc, Poudre de Sentiiielli, P. de Valen-
tini, P. du Comte de Palme.  Prepared from sul-
phate of magnesia by subcarbonate of potass.  It
is  inodorous;  insipid;  light;  white;  spongy;
opake ; effervescing with  acids; insoluble in wa-
ter.  Properties  the same as the last; but the
carbonic  acid, when set  free,  sometimes causes
unpleasant distension.
   Magnesia Citras, Citrate of 3Iagnesia, (F.)
Citrate de 3Ittgnesie. A saline preparation, formed
by saturating a solution of citric acid with either
magnesia or its carbonate.  Dose, an ounce.  It
is  devoid  of the bitter  taste of  the magnesian
salts.
   A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet-
ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid,
makes  an agreeable purgative.   A simple  solu-
tion in water has been called magnesian lemonade.
In the effervescing state, it  is  the effervescing
magnesian lemonade.  The Pharmacopoeia of the
United States (1851) has a form for the Liquor
Magnesia Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate of 3Iag-
nesia.  Take  of  Carbonate of magnesia, 3"v;  ci-
tric acid, gviiss;  Syrup of citric  acid,  f^ij;
 Water, a sufficient quantity.  Dissolve the  citric
acid in f§iv of water, and add giv of the carbo-
nate of magnesia, previously rubbed  with f §iij of
water. AVhen the reaction has  ceased, filter into
 a strong f^xij glass bottle, into which the  syrup
 of citric  acid has  been  previously introduced.
 Rub the  remaining carbonate of magnesia with
 fgij of water, and  pour the mixture  into the
 bottle, which must be well corked, and secured
 with twine; and shake the mixture occasionally
 until it becomes transparent.
   Magnesia IIypocarbonas, M. carbonas — m.
 Subcarbonas, M. carbonas—m. Vitriolicum, Mag-
 nesia) sulphas.
   Magnesia Sulphas, Sulphas -Magnesia- puri-
 fied ta, 3!agne8t'a vitrioldta,  Sal cathar' ticua
 amdrua,  Sal catharticum amarum, Sal ama'rum,
 S. AiK/Hca'num,  Sulphate of 3Iagnesia, Sal Ep-
 somen'sis, Sal catharticus Anglicdnus, Sal Sedli-
 cen'sis, Sal Ebadamen'se, S. Seydachutzen'se,  Terra
 amdra sulphu'rica, Vitriolicum 3Iagne'aia, Ep-
 som Salt, Bitter purging Salt, (F.)  Sulfate de
 magniaie, Sel admirable de Lemery, Sel d'igra.
 Generally obtained from sea-water.  Its taste is
 bitter and disagreeable.   It is soluble in an equal
 quantity  of water  at 60°.  It  is purgative and
 diuretic.   Dose, as a cathartic,  §ss  to 5ij.
   MAGNESIAN  LEMONADE,  Magnesise
 citras.    ,       ,   ,
   31AGNES IE AEREE, Magnesiae carbonas—
 m. Blanche, Magnesia* carbonas—m. Bridie, Mag-
 nesia usta — ni.  Carbonate  de,  Magnesiae carbo-
 nas__„i.  Caustique, Magnesia  usta — m. Citrate
 de, Magnesia)  citras — m. Crayeuse.  Magnesiie
 carbonas—m. Douce, Magnesiae carbonas — m.
 Efervescente,  Magnesiae carbonas—m. 3Ioyenne,
 Magnesiie carbonas—in. Souscarbonate de, Mag-
 nesias carbona*—m. Sulfate de, Magnesiie sulphas.
   MAGNE'SII  CHLO'RIDUM, Chloride of
3Iiii/nc'sium, 3Iitriate of Magnesia.  This bitter
deliquescent salt has been given  as a mild and
effective cholagogue cathartic, in the dose of half
an ounce  to  the adult.  Being deliquescent, it
may be kept dissolved in its weight of water.
  MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia—m. Chloride of,
Magnesii  chloridum — m. Oxide of,  Magnesia
usta.
  MAGNET, 3Iagnes, 3Iagne'tes, Ferrum magnes
attracto'rium,  Siderltes, Sidcrltis, Lapis  hera-
cle'us,  L.  Syderi'tis,  L. nau'ticus, Magnitis,  so
called from Magnes, its discoverer, or from 3Iag-
nesia, whence  it was obtained; (F.) Aimant; The
magnet or loadstone.  An amorphous, oxydulated
ore of iron, which  exerts an attraclion on un-
magnetized iron, and  has the property of exhibit-
ing poles; that is, of pointing by one of its ex-
tremities to the north.  This ore, .by constant or
long  rubbing, communicates  its properties  to
iron;  and thus artificial magnets  are  formed.
Magnetic  ore is found in many  countries, and
particularly in the island of  Elba.  The magnet
is sometimes used to extract  spicula of iron from
the eye or from  wounds.  It has  been employed
as an antispasmodic; but acts only through the
imagination.  The powder has been  given as a
tonic.  In Pharmacy, it is   used  to purify iron
filings.  It attracts the iron, and the  impurities
remain behind.   It formerly  entered, as an ingre-
dient,  into several  plasters,  to draw bullets and
heads of arrows from the body—as the  Emplas-
trum divinum Nicolai, the Emplastrum nigrum of
Augsburg, the  Opodeldoch,  and Attractivum of
Paracelsus, <fec.
  MAGNETES, Magnet.
  MAGNET'IC, Magnelicus.   Same etymon.
That which belongs or relates  to  magnetism ; —.
mineral or animal.
  Magnetic Fluid.  A name given to the im-
ponderable fluid to  which the magnet  owes  its
virtues.  By analogy it is applied to a particular
principle, supposed  to be the  source  of organic
actions, which affects, it is  conceived,  the ner-
vous system  principally, and is susceptible of
being  transmitted from  one living body to an-
other, by contact or  simple  approximation, and
especially under the influence of fixed  volition-
See Magnetism, Animal.
   Magnetic  Plaster.   A  plaster,  at  present,
not used.  It had for its base a mixture, called
3Iagnes arsenicdlis; formed of  equal  parts of
antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in
a glass  cucurbit.  The  name 3Iagnetic pilaster
was, likewise, given  to  such as  contained pow-
dered magnet.
   MAGNET IN US, Potassae supertartras im-
purus.
   MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, 3Ies'merism,Path'-
etism, Neuroga'mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagnetis'mus,
Zoomagnetis'mus, Exon'eurism (proposed by Mr.
H. Mayo,)  Telluris'mus, Anthropomagnetis'mua,
 Gar'gale,  Gargalia'mua,  Gar'galus.   Properties
attributed to the influence of a particular princi-
ple, which has been compared to that which cha-
racterizes  the  magnet.   It is supposed  to  be
transmitted  from one person to another, and to
impress peculiar modifications on organic action,
especially on that of the nerves.  The discus-
sions, to which  this strange belief has given rise,
are by no means terminated.  There  is no evi-
dence whatever of the  existence of such a fluid.
Highly impressible persons can be thrown into a
kind of hysteric or ' magnetic' sleep and somnam-
bulism,  (designated  by Mr. Braid, hyp'notiam,
neuro-hyp'uotism, and nervous sleep); but farther
than this, the  efforts of the magnetizer cannot
 reach.  It is a mode of action upon  the nervea
through the medium of the senses. 
             MAGNETIZATION

  MAGNETIZATION,  Mesmerization.
  MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized.
  MAGNETIZER, Mesmerizer.
  MAGNITIS, Magnet.
  MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature.
  MAGNOC, Jatropha manihot.
  MAGNOLIA FRAGRANS, M. glauca.
  M a g n o' LIA  Glauca,  31. fragrana, Small
Magnolia,  3Iagnolia, Swamp Sas'safras,  Elk
Bark, Indian Bark,  White  Laurel, Sweet Bay,
Beaver Wood, White Bay, Cinchona of Virgin ia,
Castor Bay,  Sweet magnolia.  The bark is  pos-
sessed of  tonic properties, resembling those  of
cascarilla, canella, &c.   The same may be said
of the 3Iagnolia tripet''ala or Umbrella tree;  the
31. acumina'ta or Cu'cumber tree, the 31. grandi-
fio'ra and 31.  macrophylla, Laurel, Elk wood,
Silverteof, Big leaf, White Bay, Beaver Tree, Elk
bark, Big bloom.
  MAGNUM DEI DONUM, Cinchona.
  Magnum Os.   The third bone of the lower row
of the carpus, reckoning from the thumb.  It is
the largest bone of the carpus ; and is, also, called
Os capita'turn ; (F.)  Grand Os.
  MAGRUMS.  A popular name in the State of
New York for  a singular convulsive affection,
which resembles chorea.   It rarely, however, oc-
curs before the adult age; never ceases sponta-
neously, and, when fully developed, is devoid of
any paroxysmal character.
  MAGUEY, Agave Americana.
  MAHMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia.
  3IAH0GAN FEBRIFUGE, Swietenia febri-
fuga.
  MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis — m.
Mountain, Betula lenta—m.  Tree, Swietenia ma-
hogani.
  MAIANTHEUM, Convallaria maialis.
  MAIDENHAIR, Adiantum  capillus veneris—
m. American, Adiantum pedatum — m. Canada,
Adiantum pedatum — m.  Common, Asplenium
trichomanoides — m. Golden,  Polytrichum—m.
White, Asplenium ruta muraria.
  MAIDENHEAD, Virginity.
  MAIDENHOOD, Virginity.
  MAIEIA, Obstetrics.
  MAIEUSIS, Parturition.
  MAIEUTA, see Parturition.
  MAIEUTER, Accoucheur.
  MAIEUTES, Accoucheur.
  MAIEUTICA  ARS, Obstetrics.
  3IAIGREUR,  Emaciation.
  3IAILLET, Mallet.
  31 AIL LOT, Swathing clothes.
  31A IN, Manus.
  MAIRANIA UTA URSI, Arbutus urva ursi.
  3IAIS, Zea, mays.
  MAJOR HEL'ICIS.  A narrow band of mus-
cular fibres situate upon  the anterior border of
the helix  of the ear, just above the tragus.
  MAJORANA,  Origanum majorana — m. Hor-
tensis, Origanum majorana—m. Syriaca,  Teu-
crium marum.
  31 AL D'A3I0UR, Odontalgia.
  3IAL DES ARDENS.   A name given to a
species of pestilential erysipelas or Saint Antho-
ny's fire,  which reigned epidemically in France,
in 1130.
  31 AL  D'AVENTURE, Paronychia — m. di
Breno, Scherlievo—m. Oaduc, Epilepsy.
  31 AL DE CRI3IEE (F.), Lepre dea Coaaaquea,
Lepra Tau'rica.   A  variety of lepra in the  Cri-
mea.
  MAL  DE DENT, Odontalgia—to. d'Eatomac,
Ohthonophagia — m. Divin,  Epilepsy — m. d'En-
fant, Pains (Labour)—m. di Fiume, Scherlievo—
oi. Francais, Syphilis—m. de Gorge, Cynanche—
4               MALADIES

m. Haut, Epilepsy—m. tie 3Iaehoire, Trismus—
m. de 3Ier, Nausea marina—m. de 31 ere, Hysteria
—m. de 31isere, Pellagra—m. de Naples, Syphilis
—m. Petit.  Epilepsy—m. du Roi, Scrofula—m.
Rouge  de Cayenne, Elephantiasis of Cayenne—»i.
Saint Antoine,  Erysipelas—m. Saint. Jean, Epi-
lepsy—m. Saint 31ain, Lepra, Psora—m. di Scher-
lievo, Scherlievo—m. de Siam, Fever, yellow.
  31 AL  DE SAN LAZARO, Cocobay.   A  le-
prous disease, common in Colombia, S. America.
  3IAL  DEL SOLE, Pellagra—m. de Sologne,
Ergotism — m. de  Terre, Epilepsy — m. d Tete,
Cephalalgia,—m. del Voile, Proctocace—m. Vat,
see Anthrax.
  MALA, Gena—m. Aurea, see Citrus aurantium.
  MALABATH'RINUM.   Ancient name of an
ointment and a wine, into which the malabathrum
entered.
  MALABA'THRUM, Cadeji-Indi.  The leaves
of a tree of the  East  Indies.  These leaves en-
tered into the theriac, mithridate, and other an-
cient electuaries.   They are believed to be from
a species of laurel—Laurus Casaia; but, accord-
ing to others, from Laurua  3Ialabathrum,  The
Oleum 3Ialabathri is  obtained from it.
  MALACCiE  RADIX, Sagittarium  alexiphar-
inacum.
  MALACHE,  Malva rotundifolia.
  MALA'CIA,  from paXaicia, ' softness.'   A de-
pravation of taste, in  which an  almost  universal
loathing is  combined with  an exclusive longing
for some particular article of food.  If the pa-
tient desires substances that are not eatable  or
noxious, it  constitutes Pica, Pia8o'ai8, Pitto'ais,
Heterorex'ia, Heterorrhex'ia,   Ciaaa,  Citto'aia,
Citta,  Limo'aia  Pica,  Allotriophdgia, Picacia'-
miiB, Picdtio, Deprdved  ttp'petite, (F.) Envie.
These  symptoms accompany several nervous af-
fections,— those  of females  in  particular.  In
pregnancy it is  common, and is termed Longing.
  Malacia Africanorum, Chthonophagia — m.
Cordis, Cardiomalacia.
  MALACISMUS, Mollities.
  MALACOGASTER, Gastromalaxia.
  MALACOPHO'NUS, from palaKta, 'softness,'
and tptavn, ' voice.'   One who has a soft voice.
  MALACOPCEA, Emollients.
  MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum.
  MALACOSAR'COS, from u^alaicos, 'soft,' and
aap\, '  flesh.' One of  a soft constitution :  hab'itA
cor'poria mollio'ri pra'ditua. — Galen.
  MALACOSIS, Mollities—m. Cerebri, Mollities
cerebri—m. Cordis, Cardiomalacia—m. Hepatis,
Hepatomalacia—m. Uteri, Hysteromalacia.
  MALACOSTEON,  Mollities ossium.
  MALACTICA, Emollients.
  MALACTICUM, Relaxant.
  3IALADE, Sick.
  3IALADIE,  Disease—m. Anglaiae, Hypochon-
driasis— m. Bleue, Cyanopathy — m. de  Bright,
Kidney, Bright's disease of the — m. de Oruveil-
heir, see Brash, weaning — m. Cuculaire,  Pertus-
sis— m.  Glandulaire,  Elephantiasis Arabica—m.
Imaginaire, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria.
  3IALADIE DES  3IINEURS.   Anasmia oc-
curring in  the workers in mines.
   3IALADIE NOIRE,  Melaena —m. du Pays,
Nostalgia — m. Pediculaire, Phtheiriasis — m. de
Pott, Tertebral disease—m. Typho'ide, see Typhus
—m. Venirienne, Syphilis—m. de Venus, Syphilis
m.  de  Werlhof, Purpura hemorrhagica.
   3IALADIESACQ  UISES, Acquired diseases—
jn..Annue^es,Annual diseases—m. Chroniques,Chro-
nic diseases—m. Conniea, Connate diseases—m.
 Diaaimuliea,Feigned diseases—m.E.r/emea, Exter-
nal diseases—m. Feintea, Feigned diseases—m.Hi-
reditairea,  Hereditary diseases—m. Innies, Innate
X 
MALADIF
535
MALPIGHIA
diseases—m. Legitimes, see Legitimate—m. Ner-
veusea, Nervous  diseases — m. Simuleea, Feigned
3iseases — m. Suppoai.es,  Feigned diseases — m.
 Vcnteuaea, Pneumatosis.
  MALADIF, Sickly.
  MALADREIIIE, Ladrerie.
  MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis.
  MAL^E, OS, from malum, ' an apple ;' so called
from its roundness.  Oa maldre,  Oa Jugdle,  Oa
Jugamen'tum, Oa Gena, Zygo'ma, Oa Zygomat'i-
cum, Os Hypo'pium, Os Suboeula're, Os Pud'icum,
(F.) Os 31 ala ire, Os Zygomatique, Os de la Pom-
tnette.   The cheek or malar bone.   This bone is
situate at the lateral  and  superior  part of the
face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region of the
cheek.   It is irregularly quadrilateral.  Its oicfer
surface is convex, covered by muscles  and skin,
and pierced with canals, called malar, through
whieh vessels and nerves pass.   Its upper sur-
face is concave, and forms part of the orbit.  Its
 poaterior surface is concave, and enters into the
 composition of the temporal fossa.  This  bone is
 thick  and  cellular.  It is articulated  with the
 frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and superior  maxil-
 lary bones, and is developed by a single point of
 ossification.
   The part  of the face rendered prominent  by
 it,  the French call Pommette.
   MALAG'MA,  from  /iuXao-o-w, 'I  soften.'  An
 emollient cataplasm,  and, in general, every local
 application which enjoys the property of  soften-
ing organic tissues.
   3IALAISE, Indisposition
   3IALAKIEN, Mollities.
   MALAMBO BARK, Matias.
   MALANDRIA.  A species of lepra or elephan-
 tiasis.— Marcellus Empiricus.
   MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous.  Affected with a
 species of lepra.
   MALAR,  3Ialdris,  from  mala, ' the  cheek.'
 Belonging to the cheek, — as the malar bone.
   Malar Process, Zygomatic process.
   MALARE OS, Malse os.
   MALARIA, Miasm.
   MALA'RIOUS, 3Iala'rial.   Owing to,  or con-
 nected with Malaria, — as a malarious soil, mala-
 rious di8eaae, &c.
   MALASSIMILA'TION, 31alaaaimildtio; from
 mala, 'bad,' and assimilatio, 'assimilation.' Im-
 perfect or morbid assimilation  or nutrition.
   MAL'AX ATE,  3Iolllre,  Subig"ere,   3Iala-
 rissdre, (F.) 3Ialaxer, from fialaaaoi, 'I  soften.'
 To produce softening of drugs, by kneading them.
 The process is called 3Ialaxa'tion, 31alaxdtio.
   MALAXATION, see Malaxate.
   MALAXIA  VENTRICULI, Gastromalaxia.
   MALAXIS, Mollities — m. Cordis, Cardioma-
lacia.
   MALAA',  see HomO.
   MALAZISSA'TUS, 3Ialaciaaa'tua, from mala-
 ciaso, 'I soften.'  One in whom the testicles have
 not descended. It has, also.been used synonymous-
ly with emaacula'tua and mulierdtua.— Castelli.
   MALCE, Chilblain.
   MALE, 3Ius, 3Ias'culu8.  Of the sex that be-
gets young.   Not female.  AVhat belongs to the
male sex ; as the mate organa of generation.
   Male, Axilla—m. Organ, Penis.
   MALEFICIUM, Poisoning.
   MALFORMA'TION, malformdtio, malconfor-
tna'tio;  from  mala, 'bad,' and forma,  'form.'
A wrong formation : or irregularity in the struc-
ture of parts.  See Monster.
   MAL I A, see Equinia.
   MALIASMUS, Malis, see Equinia.
   MALKTIORIUM, see Punica granatum.
   MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum.
   MAL1E, Equinia.
  MALIG'NANT,  3Ialig'nua,  (F.)  Malin.   A
term applied to any disease whose symptoms aro
so aggravated as to threaten the destruction of
the patient.   A disease of a very serious charac-
ter, although it  may be mild in  appearance; —
3Iorbua malignua.
  3IALIN, Malignant.
  MALING'ERER; from (F.) malingre, 'sickly.'
A simulator of disease, so termed in the British
military service.
  MALIS, 3IuHaa'nios,  Cutdneoua vermindtion.
He lini it t hod cu 8.   The  cuticle or  skin  infested
with animalcules, — Phthiri'tiaia,  Paraaitia'mua
auperfic"iei.  In Persia, this affection is produced
by the Guinea worm; in  South America, by the
Chigre ;  and in Europe, occasionally by the
Louse.  See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis.
  Malis Dracunculus, Dracunculus—m. Gordii,
Dracunculus—m. Pediculi, Phtheiriasis.
  MALLE'OLAR,  31alleoldria, from mdlleolua,
'the ankle.'   Belonging or relating to the ankles.
  Malleolar Arteries  are two branches fur-
nished by the anterior  tibial about the instep;
the one—the internal—passes transversely behind
the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distributed
in the vicinity of the malleolus internus ; — the
other—the external — glides behind the tendons
of the extenaor communia digitorum pedia and the
peroneu8  breds, and  sends its branches  to the
parts which  surround the outer ankle, as well  as
to the outer region of the tarsus.
  MALLE'OLUS.   Diminutive of  malleua,  'a
mallet, or hammer;' Rasce'ta, Raate'ta, Rascha,
Raaetta,  Raae'ta, Sphyra, Talus,  Diab'ebos, Ta-
le'olus, Peza,  the  Ankle,  (F.) 3Ial/eole, Chevi/le
du  Pied.  The  two projections formed by the
bones  of the leg at their  inferior part.   The
inner belongs to the tibia; the outer to the  fibula.
The ankles afford attachment to ligaments; and
each has a sort of gutter, in which certain tendons
slide.  See Malleus.
  MALLET, 31alle'olus,  (F.) 3Iaillet.  A kind
of hammer, used with a gouge  for removing  or
cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatomical
operations.
  MAL'LEUS,  3Ialle'olus,  Ossic'ulum  Malleolo
assimildtum,  (F.)  3Iartean.  The longest and
outermost of the four small bones of the ear.   It
is situate at the outer part of the tympanum, and
is  united to the  membrana tympani.  It has,  1.
An ovoid head, which is articulated  behind with
the incus, and is supported by  a narrow part
called  the neck: this has, anteriorly, a long apo-
physis, which is engaged in the glenoid fissure,
and is  called  the Apophysis or Process, Proces'sus
grac"ilis, of Rau.  It affords attachment to the
anterior mallei muscle. 2. A handle, which  forms
an  obtuse angle with the neck, and  corresponds
to the  membrane  of the tympanum,  which  it
seems to draw inwards.  It is furnished at its up-
per extremity with a process—the processus brevis,
to which the internus mallei is attached. This bone
is developed by a single point of ossification.
  Malleus, Equinia—M. farciminosus, see  Equi-
nia— m. Slender Process of the,  Grele apophyse
du marteau.
  MALLOAV, COMMON, Malva—m. Compound
decoction of,  Decoctum nialvae compositum — m.
Yellow, Abutilon cordatum.
  MALMEDY, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Mal-
medy is a town in Rhenish Prussia, between Spa
and Coblenz. In its immediate vicinity are seve-
ral acidulous chalybeate springs.
  MALO DI SCAR LIE VO, Scherlievo.
  MALOGRANATUM. Punica granatum.
  MALPIGHI, ACINI OF. Corpora Malpi-hiana.
  MALPIG'HIA MOUREL'LA.  (F.) M»m-dl-
lier, Simarouba faux.  The bark of this shrub  — 
MALPIGHIAN BODIES          53ft               MAMMARY
a. native of Cayenne — is reputed to be febrifuge,
and useful in diarrhcea.
  MALPIGHIAN BODIES, Corpora Malpighi-
ana—in. b. Inflammation of the, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the—in. b. of the Spleen, see Spleen.
  MALPRAX'IS, Mala praxis, Malum reg"imen.
Bad management or treatment.
  MALT,  Sax.   mealo,  Dutch  mout,  Teut.
malt; from palarro), 'I soften;' [?]  Byne, 3/al-
tum, Ilor'dei maltum, Bra'sium, (F.) Dreche. Bar-
ley made to germinate, for the purpose of forming
beer.   It has been recommended in medicine, as
antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, <fec.
  Malt Spirit.   A spirit distilled from malt.  It
is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials.
  MALTA, CLIMATE  OF.   The  climate  of
Malta  is pretty  equable, .the range of tempera-
ture in the twenty-four hours  being rarely more
than 6°.  The air is almost always dry and clear.
The most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which
is the source of more  or less suffering to the pul-
monary invalid.   The winter climate is  favoura-
ble.  Dr. Liddell thinks that no place which he
has seen in the south of Europe can compete with
Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing air in November,
December, and part of January; and during the
other winter and spring months, he thinks it is
equal to any of them.
  MALTHA,  3Ialthe, from /iaAarra>, 'I soften.'
AVax, particularly soft wax.
  MALTHACTICA, Emo.Rents.
  MALTHAXIS, Mollities.
  MALUM,  Disease, Melum — m. Articulorum,
Gout—m. Caducum, Epilepsy—m. Caducum pul-
monum, Asthma—m.  Canum, see Pyrus cydonia
—m. Coense, Averrhoa carambola—m. Cotoneum,
see Pyrus cydonia — m. Hypochondriacum, Hy-
pochondriasis—m. Hystericus, Hysteria—m. In-
sanum, see Solanum Melongeua—m. Ischiadicum,
Neuralgia femoro-poplita'a—m. Lazari, Elephan-
tiasis—m. Lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum.
  Malum  Mor'tuum.  A  species  of lepra, in
which  the affected portions of skin  seem  to be
struck with death.
  Malum Pilare, Trichosis—m. Pottii, Arertebral
disease—m. Primarium, Idiopathia—m. Regimen,
Malpraxis—m. Spinosum, Datura stramonium—
m. Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora—m. Venereum,
Syphilis.
  MALUS, Pyrus  malus — m. Aurantia  major,
Citrus  aurantium—m. Communis,  Pyrus malus—
m.  Dasyphylla, Pyrus malus.
  Malus In'dica,  Bilumbi biting-bing of Bon-
tius.   The juice of this East  India tree  is cool-
ing, and is drunk  as a  cure for fevers.   The
leaves, boiled and made into a cataplasm with
rice, are  famed in all  sorts of tumours.   The
juice,  mixed with arrack, is drunk for the cure
of diarrhcea.  The  ripe fruit is eaten  as a deli-
cacy ;  and the unripe is made into a pickle for
the use of the table.
  Malus Limonia Acida, see Citrus medica—m.
Medica, see Citrus medica—m. Sylvestris, Pyrus
malus.
  MALVA, 3Ialva sylves'tris seu vulga'ris, Com-
mon 3Iallow, (F.) Mauve  sauvuge.  The leaves
and flowers are chiefly used in fomentations, cata-
plasms, and emollient enemata.   Its properties
are demulcent.
   3Ialva rotundifo'lia,  Mal'ache, 31al'oche, has
like virtues; as  well as the other varieties.
  MALVAVISCUM, Althaea.
  MALVERN,  AVATERS  OF.  The  village of
Great  Malvern, (pronounced Maw'vern,) in AVor-
oestershire, England, has  for many years been
celebrated  for  a spring of  remarkable  purity,
which has acquired the name of the Holy we'll.
It is a carbonated water;  containing carbonates
of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and chloride
of sodium; and is chiefly used externally, in cu^
taneous affections.
  MAMA-PIAN.  An  ulcer of a  bad aspect,
which  is the commencement of the pian;  and
which, after having destroyed the flesh, extends
to the  bones.   It  is also  called the 31other of
Plana ;—La mire des plans.
  MAMEI, Mamoe, 3lomin or Toddy tree.  From
incisions made  in the branches of this West In-
dian tree, a copius discharge of pellucid liquor
occurs, which is called momin or Toddy wine.  It
is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a good an-
tilithic and lithontriptic.
  3IA3IELLE, Mamma.
  MA31EL0N, Nipple.
  3IAMELONNE, Mammillated.
  3IAMELONS  DU  REIN,  Papillae of  the
kidney.
  MAMILLA, see Mamma.
  MAMMA,  from mamma,  one of the earliest
cries of the infant, ascribed  to a desire for food.
3Iaatho8, 3Iastua, 3Iazoa, Thele, Titthos,  Ruma,
Uber,  Ntttrix,  Gcmip'oma.    The female breast,
(Mammilla, 3tamilla being the male breast;) (F.)
3Iamelle.  A glandular  organ, proper to a  class
of animals — the mammalia — and  intended for
the secretion of  milk.   The mammas exist in
both sexes, but they acquire a much greater  size
in the female;  especially during pregnancy and
lactation.  In women, before the age of puberty,
the breasts are but little  developed.  At  this
period, however, towards the central part of each
breast,  the  skin suddenly  changes colour,  and
assumes a rosy  tint.  It is of a reddish brown in
women who have suckled several children.  This
circle has a rugous appearance, owing to the pre-
sence of sebaceous glands, and is called Are'ola
or Aure'ola.  These glands—Tubercles of the Are-
ola, of  Sir Astley Cooper — furnish an unctuous
fluid for defending the nipple from the action of
the saliva of the sucking infant.   In the midst
of the aureola is the nipple, a conoidal eminence,
of a rosy tint, susceptible of erection, and at the
surface of which the galactophorous  ducts open.
Besides the skin covering them, the  breasts are,
also, composed  of a layer of fatty areolar tissue,
more or less thick; of a large gland; excretory
ducts;  vessels,  nerves, &c.   See Mammary.
   The breasts are called the boaom, sinus,(F.) Sein.
   Mamma also means a nurse.
   MAMMAL,  plural  Mamma'lia,  3Iam'mifer,
murnmif eroua animal;  from mamma, 'a  breast.'
An animal that suckles its young.
   MAM'MARY, 3Iammdriua, from mamma, 'the
breast.'  Relating to the breasts.
   Mammary Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa.
   Mammary Arteries are  three  in number.
They  are  distinguished into — 1. The Internal
Mammary,  Arte'ria  aterna'lis, A.  Sons-sternal
(Ch.), Internal  thorac"ic.  It arises from the sub-
clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its
origin to the cartilage of the  third rib.   Below
the diaphragm  it divides into two branches ; the
one external, the other internal. From its origin
until its bifurcation,  it gives branches  to the
muscles and glands of the neck, to the thymus,
mediastinum, pericardium,  and oesophagus.  In
each  intercostal space, it gives off internal and
external musculo-cutaneous  branches, and  also,
on each side,  the superior diaphragmatic.  Its
two ultimate branches are distributed on the
parietes of the abdomen, and anastomose  with
the  external mammary, intercostal, lumbar, cir-
cumflexa ilii, and epigastric  arteries.  2. The Ex-
ternal 3tammary Arteries are two in number, and
are distinguished into superior and inferior. The
superior external mammary, First of the thoracica 
MAMMEA                 537              31AXGANESE
(Ch.,)  Superior  (denial thoracic, Superior tho-
racic,  i8 furnished by the axillary artery.   It
descends obliquely forwards between the pector-
alis major and  pectoralis  minor, to which it is
distributed by a considerable number of branches.
The inferior external mammary, the second of the
thoracics (Ch.,)  Long or inferior thoracic, arises
from the axillary artery, a little below the pre-
ceding.  It descends vertically over the  lateral
part of the thorax ; curves, afterwards, inwards ;
becomes subcutaneous and divides into a number
of branches,  which surround the breast. It gives
branches to the  pectoralis  major, serratus  major
anticus,  the intercostal  muscles, the glands of
the axilla, and the integuments of the breast.
   Mammary Gland is the secretory organ of the
milk.  It is situate in the substance of the  breast,
to which it gives shape and size.  The tissue of
this gland results  from the assemblage of lobes
of different size,  united intimately by a dense are-
olar tissue.  Each of these is composed of seve-
ral lobules, formed of round  granulations, of a
rosy white colour, and of the size of a poppy seed.
The glandular grains give rise to the radicles of
the excretory canals of the  mamma, which are
called  galactophorous or lactiferous.  These ex-
cretory vessels unite  in  ramusculi, rami,  and in
trunks of  greater or less size;  collect towards
the centre of the gland; are tortuous, very ex-
tensible and  semi-transparent.   All terminate in
sinuses, situate near the base of the nipple, which
are commonly from 15 to IS in number.   These
sinuses are very  short, conical, and united by are-
olar tissue.   From their summits, a fasciculus of
new ducts sets  out, which occupy  the centre of
the nipple and  open  separately at its surface.
The arteries of  the  mammary gland come from
the thoracic, axillary, intercostal,  and internal
mammary.   The veins accompany the  arteries ;
the nerves are furnished  by the intercostals,  and
brachml plexus; the  lymphatic vessels are very
numerous, and form  two layers.  They commu-
nicate  with those of the thorax, and pass into the
axillary ganglions.
   Mam'mary Sarco'ma,  3Iastoid  sarcoma  of
Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'rum.  A
tumour, of the colour  and texture  of the  mam-
mary gland ; dense and whitish : sometimes softer
and brownish ; often producing, on extirpation, a
malignant ulcer  with indurated edges.  Found in
various parts of  the body and limbs.
   Mammary A'eins follow the same course as the
arteries, and have  received the  same denomina-
tions.   The internal mammary  vein, of the right
side, opens  into the superior  cava; that of the
left, into the corresponding   subclavian  vein.
The external mammary veins open into the axil-
lary vein.
   MAMME'A AMERICA'NA.  The systematic
name  of the tree on which  the mammee fruit
grows.  This fruit has a delightful  flavour when
ripe; and is  much cultivated in Jamaica, where
it is generally sold in the markets as one  of the
best fruits of the island.
   MAMMEA'TA, 3Iammo'sa, from mamma, 'the
breast.'  One who has large breasts.
   MAMMELLA. Nipple.
   MAMMIFER. Mammal.
   MAMMIFEROUS  ANIMAL, Mammal.
   MAMA1IFORM, Mastoid.
   MAMMILLA, M:unina (male,) Nipple.
   MAMMILLAE MEDULLARES, see Mammil-
lary.
   MAMMILLARIS,  Mastoid.
   MAM'MILLARY,  31ammilia'ris, from   -Mam-
milla,  ' a small breast, a nipple.'  See Mastoid.
   Mammillary  Em'ineni i: is  a name given, 1.
To more or less marked prominences on the inner
surface of the bones of the cranium, which cor-
respond to the anfractuosities  of  the  cranium.
2.  To white,  round, medullary  tubercles, of the
size of a pea,  situate at the base of the brain, be-
hind the gray  substance  from  which  the  Tige
pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists, arises.
These 3Iammillary Tubercles, Cor'pora albiean'-
tia,  C. Candican'tia,  C.  3Iammilla'ria, C. Piri-
for'mia, Bulbi for'nicia, 31ammilla medulla'rea,
Prominentia  albican'tea, Procea'aua mammilla'rea
cer'ebri,  Protenaio'nea  glanduldrea,  Eminen'tia
candican'tea,  Prio'rum  crurum for'nicia  bulbi,
 Willia'a Glanda, (F.) Bulbea de la voixle 'd trois
piliera, Tuberclea piaiformea (Ch.), are united to
each other  by a small grayish  band, which cor-
responds with the third ventricle.  They receive
the anterior prolongations of the fornix.  Some
ancient anatomists, taking the nervous  trunks, to
which  AVillis first gave  the name of olfactory
nerves, for simple appendages of the brain, called
them,  on account  of  their  shape,  Carun'cula
mammilla'res. A'esalius, Fallopius, Columbus, and
several others, termed them Proces'sus mammilla'-
rea cer'ebri ad narea.
   MAM'MILLATED,  (F.) 3Iamelonni,  from
mamma,  'the female breast.'  That which has
mammiform projections on its surface.
   Mammillated Liver, Cirrhosis.
   MAMMOSA, Mammeata.
   MAMOE, Mamei.
   MAN,  Aner,  Anthropos, Homo.
   MAN-IN-THE-GROUND, Convolvulus  pan-
duratus.
   MANCIIE D' HIPP OCRATE, Chaueae.
   MANCURANA, Origanum.
   MANDIBULA, Maxillary bone.
   MANDIBULARIS MUSCULUS, Masseter.
   MANDO, Glutton.
   MANDRAGORA, Atropa mandragora — m.
Acaulis,  Atropa  mandragora — m.  Officinalis,
Atropa mandragora — m.  A'ernalis, Atropa man-
dragora.
   MANDRAGORI'TES,  from   pavopayopa,  the
At'ropa  mandrag'ora  or  mandrake.  AVine  in
which the roots of mandrake have been infused.
   MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora, Podophyl-
lum peltatum, P. montanum.
   MANDUCATIO,  Mastication — m.  Difficilis,
Bradyinasesis.
   MAN'DUCATORY, 3Ianducato'rius; from
3Ianducatio,  ' mastication.'  Appertaining or re-
lating to mastication ; — as,
   Manducatory Nerve,  see Trigemini.
   MANGANESE, BLACK OXIDE  OF, 3Ian~
gane'aii ox'idum, 31.  Binox'idum, Tetrox'ide of
manganeae, 3Ingne'sia nigra, Mangane'sium vitra-
rio'rum, 31. oxydtltum natlvum  seu nigrum, 3Ian-
gasie'aium ochrtt'ceum nigrum, 31. oxyda'tum nati'-
riiiii, 31an'ganum oxyda'tum nativnm, 3Iolybda'-
iiKii? magne'sii,  Oxo'dea man'gani natlva, Perox'-
ydum mangane'sii nigrum nativnm, Superox'ydum
mangan'icum, (F.)  Oxyde  noir de  manganese.
This oxide is not much used in  medicine. It has
been advised to dust the affected parts, in tinea
capitis, with the powder.
   Manganese, Salts  of, see  Manganese, sul-
phate of.
   MANGANESE,  OXYDE NOIR DE, Man-
ganese, black oxide of.
   Man'ganese, St i.phate of,  Mangane'aii Sul-
phas, 31. Protox'idi Sulphas, Sulphate of Pro-
tox'ide of 3Ian'ganese.  A rose-coloured and" very
soluble salt, isomorphous with sulphate of mag
nesia.  It is prepared on a large scale for the use
of the dyer, by heating, in a close vessel, peroxide
of manganese and coal, and dissolving the im- 
MANGANE3II
538
MANUS
 pure protoxide thus obtained in  sulphuric acid,
 with the addition  of a  little chlorohydric  acid
 towards the end of the process.   The solution is
 evaporated to dryness, and again exposed to a red
 heat, by which the persulphate of iron is decom-
 posed.   Water then dissolves the pure sulphate
 of manganese, leaving the oxide  of iron behind.
   This salt has been recommended  as a chola-
 gogue, in doses of a drachm or two.
   The salts of manganese have been recommended
'in chlorosis and amenorrhoea, and as substitutes
 for chalybeates generally. The subcarbonate and
 the oxide have been chieflygeniployed.
   Manganese, Tetroxide of, M. Black oxide of.
   MANGANESII  BINOXIDUM,  Manganese,
 black oxide of—m. Oxidum, Manganese, black
 oxide of—m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, Man-
 ganese, black  oxide of — ra.  Protoxidi sulphas,
 Manganese, sulphate of—m. Sulphas, Manganese,
 sulphate of.
   MANGANESIUM OCHRACEUM NIGRUM,
 Manganese, black oxide of—m.  Oxydatum  nati-
 vum seu nigrum, Manganese,  black oxide  of—
 m. Aritrariorum, Manganese, black oxide of.
   MANGANI OXODES NATIVA, Manganese,
 black oxide of.
   MANGANICUM SUPEROXIDUM,  Manga-
 nese, black oxide of.
   MANGANUM  OXYDATUM  NATIVUM,
 Manganese, black oxide of.
    MANGE, Scabies ferina.
    MANGIF'ERA IN'DICA, 31. domes'tica.
 The 31ango tree,  (F.) Manguier. A  tree culti-
 vated over Asia, and in South America.  Mangos,
 when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour, and so
 fragrant as to perfume the air to a  considerable
 distance.   They are eaten, either raw or  pre-
 served with sugar.  From the expressed juice  a
 wine is prepared; and the remainder of the ker-
 nel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread.
    MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indica.
    MANGONISATIO, Falsification.
    MANGONIUM, Falsification.
    MANGOSTAN,  Garcinia mangostana.
    MANGOSTANA, Garcinia  mangostana — m.
 Cambogia, Garcinia cambogia—m. Garcinia,  Gar-
 cinia mangostana.
    MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana.
    3IANGUIER, Mangifera Indica.
    MANHOOD, Adult age.
    MANI, Arachis hypogaea.
    MA'NIA, Furor, Hemianthro'pia, Furor  ma-
 nia, Insa'nia,  Delir'ium  manlacum,  Ecphro'nia
 mania, Delir'ium  mania, D. furio'sum,  31ania
 univeraa'lia, Veaa'nia mania, (F.) 3Ianie, Hyper-
 phrinie, Raving or furious madness; from paivo-
 fiat, ' I am furious.'  AVith some, it  means insa-
 nity.   Disorder of the intellect, in which there is
 erroneous judgment or hallucination,  which im-
 pels to acts of fury.  If the raving be not di-
 rected to a single object, it  is mania properly so
 called; if to one object, it constitutes monomania,
 which  term is, however, usually given to melan-
 choly.   Mania attacks  adults  chiefly; and wo-
 men more frequently than men.  The prognosis
 is unfavourable.  About one-third never recover;
 and they who do are apt ts relapse.   Separation
 is one  of the  most effective means of  treatment,
 with  attention to  the  corporeal condition  and
 every thing that can add to the  mental comfort
 of the patient, and turn his thoughts  away  from
 the subjects of his delusion.  In the violence of
 the paroxysms, recourse must be  had to the strait
 waistcoat, the  shower  bath, &o.   Separation
 should be continued for some weeks  during con-
 valescence, with the view of preventing a relapse.
    Mania, Dancing.  Dancing plague.  A  form
 of convulsion, which  has appeared,  at various
times, epidemically under the form of St. Titus's
dance,  St.  John's  dance,  Tarantism,  Hysteria,
Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased sympathy;
and which has been fully described by llecker in
his  ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.'  See Con-
vulsionnaire.
  A form  of  convulsion,  induced  by religious
phrenzy, has been vulgarly called the Jerks.
  Mania Epileptica, see  Epilepsy—m. Erotica,
Erotomania—m. Lactea, M. puerperal — m. Mo-
lancholica,  Melancholy—in. a Pathemate, Euipa-
thema—m.  a Potfl, Delirium tremens.
  Mania,  Puer'peral,  3Idnia puerpera'rum
acu'ta, 31. puerpera'lis, 31. lac'tea, Insa'nia puer-
pera'rum, Encephalopathla puerpera'lis, Puer-
peral Insanity.  Mania which  supervenes in  the
childbed state.
  Mania Purperarum Acuta,  M. puerperal —
m. sine Delirio, Pathomania — m. a Temulentia,,
Delirium tremens—m. Peljagria, Pellagra.
  MANIACAL, Maniodes.
  MANIACUS, Maniodes.
  MANICA HIPPOCRATES,  Chausse.
  MAN IE, Mania—m. sans Delire, Empathema.
  MANIGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi.
  MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot.
  MANILU'VIUM, 3Ianulu'vium,  from manus,
' the hand,' and ' lavo, ' I wash.' A bath for the
hands.   It may be  rendered stimulating,  by
means of muriatic acid, mustard, &c.
  MANIOC, Jatropha manihot.
  MANIO'DES, 31ani'acns, 31ani'acal.   One la-
bouring under mania; Hemianthro'pus, Furio'sus,
Furibun'dus, Lyssas, Lyaae'ter.
  MANIPULATION, from manua, 'a hand.'
Mode of working in the arts.
  MANIP'ULUS, (F.) Poignie. The quantity
of a substance capable of filling the hand.  A
handful.  See Fasciculus'.
  MAN-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur.
  MANNA, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Briancon,
see Pinus larix—m. Brigantina, see Pinus larix—
m. Calabrina, see Fraxinus ornus—m. Croup, Se-
molina— m. Laricea, see Pinus larix—m. Metal-
lorum, Hydrargyri submurias.
  31ANNEQUIN, Fantom.
  MANNIKIN, Fantom.
  MANNIN, see Fraxinus ornus.
  MANNITE, see Fraxinus ornus.
  3IANU1UVRE (F.), pronounced manew'ver;
from  main, ' the hand,' and ceuvre,  ' work.'  A
dexterous movement.  Applied in France to the
practice of surgical or obstetrical operations on
the dead body or phantom;  Opera'tio  chirur'-
gica vel obatet'rica.
  MANSANA ARBOREA, see Jujube.
  MANSFORD'S PLATES, see Galvanism.
  MANSORIUS, Buccinator.
  MANSTUPRATIO, Masturbation.
  MANTELE, Bandage (body).
  MANTI'A,  3Ian'tica,  3Ian'tice,  in  English,
money; a common  suffix,  denoting'divination;'
Dirindtio, Pradivinatio, Praea'gium.
  MANTILE, Bandage (body).
  MANTLE, Panniculus carnosus.
  MANU'BRIUM, from manus, 'a hand.'   The
handle  of  any thing:—as manu'brium mallei,
petiolus mallei,  ' the handle of the malleus.'
  Manubrium, Chaaae—m. Mantis, Radius.
  Manubrium  Sterni.   The  uppermost broad
part of the sternum.
  MANULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium.
  MANUS, Cheir,  Chir,  Instrumentum Instru-
mentorum,  Hand, Paw, (F.)  3tain.   The  part
which terminates the upper extremity  in man,
and which  is inservient to prehension and touch.
It extends  from the fold of the  wrist to the extre-
mity of the"fingers.   The  hand is sustained by a 
             MANUSTUPRATIO            5;

bony skeleton, composed of a number of pieces,
movable on each other;  of muscles, tendons, car-
tilages, ligaments, vessels, nerves, <fec.  It is di-
vided into three parts — the carpus or wrist, the
metacarpus, and fingers.  Its concave surface is
called I lie palm ;  the convex surface  the back of
the hantl.   The facility of being able to oppose
the thumb to the lingers in order to seize objects
forms one  of the  distinctive characters of the
human hand.
   Manus  Chkisti Perla'ta.  A name anciently
given to .troches, prepared of pearls and sugar of
roses.  They were called 3Ianus Christi sim'plices,
when pearls were not employed.
   Mams  Dei.  An ancient plaster,  prepared of
wax,  myrrh,  frankincense,  mastich,  gum ammo-
niac, galbanum, oil, ,tc.  See Opium.
   Mams Hepatis, Porta vena—m. Jecoris, Porta
Vena—in.  Parva inujori adjutrix, see  Digitus.
   MANUSTUl'RATIO, Masturbation.
   MA N 1' STU PRATOR, Masturbator.
   MANY PLIES, Omasum.
   MAPLE, Acer saccharinum—m. Ground, Heu-
chera cortusa.
   MA IIA IS,  Marsh.
   MARANTA  ARUNDINACEA, Arrow-root.
   Maran'ta Galan'ga,.Ai'/n'nia galan'ga, Amo'-
mum galanga, Galanga.  The  smaller galan'gal.
Two  kinds of  galangal  are  mentioned in the
pharmacopoeias ;  the greater,  obtained  from
Kainpfcria galanga, and  the  smaller,  from the
root of Maranta galanga.   The  dried  root is
brought from China, in  pieces, from  one to  two
inches in length, but  scarcely  half as thick;
branched; full of knots and joints, with several
circular rings, of a reddish brown colour, on the
outside, and  brownish within.  It was  formerly
much used as a warm stomachic bitter, and gene-
rally ordered in bitter infusions.
   MARASCHINO,  see Spirit.
   M.VRASMOP'YBA, Febris maraamo'dea, from
papaanos, ' marasmus,' and itvp,  ' fever.'  Fever
of emaciation in general.  Hectic fever.
   MARASMUS, Atrophy—m. Lactantium, Pae-
datrophia—in. Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
   Marasmus Seni'lis,  Tabea  aenum,  Geronta-
troph'ia.  Progressive atrophy of the aged.
   Marasmus Tabes, Tabes — m. Tabes dorsalis,
Tabes dorsalis.
   MARATHRPTES,  from uapafyov,   'fennel.'
Wine impregnated with fennel.
   MARATHROPHYLLUM, Peueedanum.
   MARATHRUM, Anethum—m. Sylvestre, Peu-
eedanum.
   MARAUGIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MARBLE, Marmor.
   31 Ah'BEE, Marnior.
   31 ARC, Magma.
   MARCASITA, Bismuth —m.  Alba,  Bismuth,
subnitrate of—m. Plumbea, Antimonium.
   MARCASFLE MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth,
subnitrate of.
   MARCIIAN'TIA  POLYMOR'PHA,   31. Stel-
la'ta seu umbella'ta, Hepat'ica fonta'na, Lichen
Stella'tus, Jccordria, Liv'erwort,  (F.) Hepatique
desfontaincs.  This plant is mildly pungent and
bitter.  It is recommended as aperient, resolvent,
andantiscorbutie; and is used in diseased liver, &c.
  MARCHE LA, AValking.
  MARCHIO'NIS PULArIS, Powder of the 3Iar-
quia.  A powder, formorly considered to be anti-
*;ileptic; and composed of -Vale'paoiiy root, 3Iis-
tletoe. Ivory shavings, Horn of the hoof of the stag,
Spodium, Tooth of the monodon, coral, &c.
  MARCORES, Atrophy, Emaciation.
  MARCORY, Stillingia.
  3IARECAGEUX, Elodes.
9              MARMELADE               ■>'

  3IARE0, Puna.
  MARE'S  TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris.
  MARGA  CAN'DIDA, Lac luua.   An ancient
 name for a variety of spongy, white, friable marl,
 which was employed as an astringent and refri-
 gerant.
  MARGARETIZZA,  Scherlievo.
  MARGARITA, Pearl.
  MARGARITA'CEOUS, 3Iargarita'ccus,  Nd-
 creous, (F.)Nacri; from 3Iargarita, 'pearl, mo-
 ther of pearl.'  Resembling, or of the nature of,
 mother of pearl, — as Leuco'ma 3Iargaritdceumj
 Pearl-like leucoma.
  MARGARON, Pearl.
  MARGELIS, Pearl.
  MARGELLIUM, Pearl.
  MARGIN I- SUS- SCAPULO- TROCHITE-
 RIEA", Teres minor.
  MARGO, Bord—m. Dentatus, see Retina—m.
 Orbitalis, see Orbit.
  MARGUERITE  PETITE, Bellis — m. des
 Pre8, grande, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
  MARIENBAD,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
 Celebrated springs in Bohemia.  The Kreuzbrunn
 contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of  iron, and
 carbonic acid.
  MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FIG, Mesembryan-
 themum  crystallinuni — m.  Garden,  Calendula
 officinalis — m. Single, Calendula officinalis — m.
 AVild, Calendula arvensis.
  MARIOTTE, EXPERIMENT OF.   A  cele-
 brated experiment of the Abbe Mariotte, which
 consists  in  placing two small round spots  on a
 wall at some  distance from  each  other, stand-
 ing opposite the left-hand object, and looking at
 it with the  right eye, the left being closed.  By
 walking  backwards, until the  distance  from the
 object is about five times as great as the distance
 between  the two objects, the latter will be found
 to disappear.   Mariotte and, after him,  many
 ophthalmologists, inferred that the  optic nerve,
 on which the ray doubtless falls in this experi-
 ment, is insensible; and hence that the choroid
 may be the  seat of vision,—not the  retina.  The
 inference is illogical; for it doubtless falls on the
 part of the  optic nerve where the central artery
 enters, and  the central vein  leaves the eyeball,
 and where there is necessarily no neurine.
  MARIS,  papts-  Ancient name of a measure,
 containing 83 pints and 4 ounces.
  MARISCA, Ficus, Hsemorrhois.
  3IARJOLA1NE, Origanum majorana.
  MARJORAM, COMMON, Origanum—m.Wild,
 Origanum—m. Sweet, Origanum majorana.
  MARJORANA, Origanum majorana—m. Man-
 curana, Origanum.
  MARMALADE, Marmelade.
  MARMARY'GE, see Metamorphopsia.
  MARMARYGO'DES, 'brilliant.'   An epithet,
 joined particularly to the word otpSalpos, to indi-
 cate a brilliant eye, a  flashing eye.   An eye
 which transmits the image of  imaginary objects.
 See Metamorphopsia.
  MAR'MELADE,  Marmeldda,  3Iarmela'ta,
 3Iarmalade,  3Iiva.  Parts  of vegetables, con-
 fected with sugar, and  reduced to  a pultaceous
 consistence.
  Marmelade  of  Apricots.  A  marmekide,
 prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived
 of their stones, and one part of white sugar.
  Marmelade of Fernel, M. of Tronchin.
  Marmelade of Tronchin, or of  Fernel.  A
 kind of thick looch, of an  agreeable taste, pre-
 pared with two ounces of oil of sweet almonds, as
 much syrup of violets, manna in tears, very fresh
 pulp of cassia, 16 grains of gum tragacanth, and 
40                MASLACH
                MARMELATA              5

two drachms of orange flower water.   It is used
as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral.
  MARMELATA, Marmelade.
  MARMOR,  3Iarble, Calcis  Car'bonas  durus,
(F.) 3Iarbre.   AVhite granular carbonate of lime.
Used  in pharmacy for the preparation of a pure
lime, and the disengagement of carbonic acid.
  MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen.
  MARMORYGE, see Metamorphopsia—m.Hip-
pocratis, Hemiopia.
  MAROUTE, Anthemis  cotula. .
  MAR'RIOTT,  DRY ArOMIT OF.   This once
celebrated emetic, called dry, from its being ex-
hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions
of tartarized antimony and sulphate of copper.
  MARRONIER D'INDE, ^Esculus  Hippocas-
tanum.
  MARROW, 3Iy'eloa, 3Iedul'la, M.ossium, 31ed-
ullary Juice, Axun'gia de Mum'ia, Sax. mens, (F.)
Moelle, Sue medullaire.   The oily, inflammable,
whitish or yellowish juice, which fills the medul-
lary canal of the long bones, the cancellated
structure at the extremities of those  bones, the
diploe of  flat bones,  and the interior of short
bones.  The marrow is furnished by the exhala-
tion of the medullary  membrane.   It is fluid
during life, and appears under the form of small
points or brilliant grains after death.  It  is  en-
veloped in the medullary membrane.
  Marrow, Spinal, Medulla spinalis — m. Ver-
tebral, Medulla spinalis.
  3IARRUBE BLANC, Marrubium — m. Noir,
Ballota foetida.
  MARRU'BIUM, 3Iarrubium vulga're seu al-
bum seu  German'icum  seu apulum,  Pra'sium,
Phrasum, Horehound, (F.) 3Iarrube blanc.  The
leaves have a moderately strong, aromatic smell;
and a very bitter, penetrating, diffusive, and du-
rable  taste.  It has often  been given in coughs
and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, §ss to 3"j,
in infusion; dose of extract, gr. x  to 5jss.
  Ford's  Balsam of Horehound, is made as
follows:—horehound, liquorice root, aa Ibiij and
§viij; water,  q. s. to strain ftvj.  Infuse.  To
the strained liquor add:—proof spirit or brandy,
B)12 ; camphor, 3*j and Xij; opium and benjamin,
aa  5j ;  dried squills, 31J ;  oil of aniseed, ^j ;
honey, Ibiij and ^ viij.—Gray.  It is pectoral.
  Marrubium, Leonurus  cardiaca — m. Album,
Marrubium—m.  Apulum,  Marrubium—m. Ger-
manicum,  Marrubium — m. Nigrum, Ballota foe-
tida—m. Vulgare, Marrubium.
  MARS,  Ferrum—m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari-
zatum.
  MARSEILLES, (CLIMATE OF.)   The  re-
marks made upon the climate of Montpelier ap-
ply even in greater force  to that of Marseilles.
It possesses all the objectionable qualities  of the
climate of southeastern France.
  MARSH, Limne,  Helos, Palm, Sax. menrc,
(F.) 3taraia.   Marshy districts give  off emana-
nations, which are the fruitful source of disease
and the cause  of great insalubrity  in many coun-
tries.  The chief disease, occasioned by the mala-
ria or miasm, is intermittent fever. Hence it be-
comes important to drain such regions, if practi-
cable.  Some  marshy countries are not so liable
to phthisis pulmonalis, and it has been found,
that whece intermittents have been got rid of by
draining, consumption has, at times, become fre-
quent.  The most unhealthy periods for resi-
dence in a marshy district are during the  exist-
ence  of the  summer and autumnal  heats;  at
which times the water becomes evaporated, and
the marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the
sun's  rays.   This postulatum seems necessary for
the production of the miasmata:  for whilst the
marsh  is well covered with water, no miasm is
given off.
  Marsh  Poison,  Miasm (marsh) — m. Mallow,
Althaea—m.  Root, Statice Caroliniana— m. Ten,
Ledum palustre.
  MARSHALL'S  CERATE, see  Cerate, Mar-

  MARSHA', Elodes.
  MARSIPIUM, Marsupion.
  MARSUM, 3Iur'sium, 3Iar'aicum.  An ancient
wine of Marsia,  in Italy, which was used as an
astringent in  ceftain diseases of the mouth.
  MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion.
  MARSUPIALIS, Ischio-trochanterianus, Ob-
turator internus.
  MARSUPIATE, see Marsupion.
  MARSU'PION, Marsyp'ion, 3Iarsip'pon, 3Iar-
au'pium, 3Iar8i'p'ium,  Sac'culus.   A sac or bag,
with which any part is fomented.   Also, the ab-
dominal pouch in  the kangaroo,  opossum,  <fec,
into which the young, born at a very early stage
of development, are received and nourished with
milk secreted from glands which open into the
pouches.  Such  animals are termed 31arsu'pial,
3Iarsu'piate, 3Iarsupia'lia.  See Generation.
  MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum — m.  Musculosum,
Dartos.
  MARSYPION, Marsupion.
  31 ARTE AU, Malleus.
  MARTIAL, Chalybeate.
  MARTIALIS, Chalybeate.
  MARTIANA  POMA, see Citrus aurantium.
  MARTIA'NUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  (F.)  On-
gucnt de Soldat, Soldier's ointment.  This was
composed of bay berries, rue, marjoram, mint, aage,
wormwood, basil, olive oil, yellow wax, and  3ta-
laga wine.  It was invented by Martian ; and was
employed  by soldiers as  a preservative against
cold.
  MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura.
  MARUM  CORTUSI, Teucrium  marum —m
Creticum,  Teucrium marum—m. Syriacum, Teu-
crium marum — m. Verum, Teucrium marum —
m. Vulgare, Thymus mastichina.
  MAS, Male, Modiolus.
  MASCARPIO, Masturbator.
  MASCHALE, Axilla.
  MASCHALL&US, Axillary.
  MASCHALIATRI'A, from paaxaln,  'the
axilla,' and tarpeta, ' healing.'   Treatment of dis-
ease by applications made to the axilla.
  MASCHALIS, Axilla.
  MASCHALISTER, Axis.
  MASCHALON'CUS, 3Taschalopdniis, from
paaxaln, ' the axilla,' and oyxos, ' a tumour.'  A
tumour or bubo or  swelling in the axilla.
  MASCHALOPANUS, Maschaloncus.
  MASCULA, Tribade.
  MASCULUS, Male.
  MASESIS, Mastication.
  3IASHUA, (S.)   A tuberous root, of a flat,
pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked
like the potato by the Serranos of Peru.  It is
watery  and insipid, but  nevertheless is  much
eaten by them.  The  Indians use the mashua as
a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery.
The plant is unknown to botanists. — Tschudi.
  MASK, Larva, (F.) Masque.  A  bandage  ap-
plied over the face, as a sort of mask, in cases
of burns, scalds, or erysipelas.   It serves to pre-
serve the  parts  from  the contact of air,  and to
retain topical applications in situ.   It is made of
a piece of linen, of the size of the face, in which
apertures  are made  corresponding  to  the eyes,
nose,  and mouth, and which  is fixed by means
of strings stitched  to the four angles.
  MASLACH,  Moslich, Am'phion, An'fioti.  A 
MASQUE                541              MASTOIDEUS
medicine much used by the Turks, and into the
composition of which  opium enters.  It is ex-
citant.
  MASQUE, Mask.
  MASS, paya,  31aza, 3Iaeaa,  from paaaia, ' I
mix.'  The compound, from which pills have to
bo formed.
  MASS A,  Mass — m. Carnea Jacobi Sylvii, see
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans— m.  de  Dactylis, Paste, date — m. de Ex-
tracto glycyrrhizse, Pasta glycyrrhizse, Ac. — m.
de  Gummi Arabico, Paste, marshmallow—m. de
Zizyphorum fructu, Paste of jujubes.
   31ASSAGE, Shampooing.
   MASSE  D'EAU, Typha latifolia.
   MASSE.MA, Mastication.
   31A SSEMENT, Shampooing.
   MASSES APOPHYSAIRES, see Vertebrae.
   MASSESIS, Mastication.
   MASSE'TER, from uaoaojiai, 'I eat,' 'I chew.'
 Mua'culua mandibula'ria,  (F.) Zygomato-maxil-
 Utire.  A muscle situate at the  posterior part of
 the cheek, aud lying upon the ramus of the lower
 jaw-bone.  It is  long, quadrilateral, and  is at-
 tached,  above, to the inferior edge and  to the
 inner surface of the zygomatic  arch;  below, it
 terminates  at the angle of the  jaw, and at the
 outer surface and  inferior margin of the ramus
 of that bone.   It is composed of an intermixture
 of fleshy and aponeurotic fibres.   Its office is to
 raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication.
   Masseter  Internus, Pterygoideus internus.
   MASSETER'IC,  3Ias'seterine,  3laaaeter'ieus,
 Ma<seterlnu8.  Relating or belonging to the mas-
 seter muscle.
   MASSETERINE  ARTERY  arises from the
 trunk of the internal maxillary or temporalis
 profunda posterior, and is distributed to the mas-
 seter muscle, after having  passed, horizontally,
 through the sigmoid notch of the lower jaw-bone.
   Masseterine  Nerve  is given  off from the
 inferior maxillary branch of  the fifth  pair.  It
 passes  through the sigmoid notch, and  is  distri-
 buted on  the inner surface of the masseter. In
 luxation of the lower jaw,  this  nerve is strongly
 stretched, and considerable pain,  consequently,
 produced.
   Masseterine  Vein has  the same distribution
 as the artery.  It opens into the internal maxil-
 lary vein.
   MASSETERINUS, Masseteric.
   3IAS.SETTE, Typha latifolia.
   MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   MASSING, Shampooing.
   MASSULA, Molecule.
   MASTADENITIS, Mastitis.
   MASTALGIA, Mastodynia.
   MASTAX, Mystax.
   MASTEMA, Masticatory.
   MASTER  OF THE AVOODS,  Galium  ciroae-
 zans.
   MASTERAVORT, Angelica atropurpurea, He-
 racleum lanatum, Imperatoria.
   MASTES1S, Mastication.
   MASTHELCOSIS, Mastodynia apostematosa.
   MASTHOS, Mamma.
   MASTICA'TION,  3Iastica'Ho, Maae'aia, 3Iaa-
 se'sis.  Mo sac'ma, 3Iaste'sis, 3Ianduca'tio,  Com-
 manduedtio,  3Ianduca'tion, from paari^aia,  'I
 chew.'   The  action of chewing or bruising food,
 to prepare it for the digestion it has to undergo
 in the  stomach.   This is executed by the joint
 action of the tongue, cheeks, and lips, which push
 the alimentary substance between the teeth; and
 by the motions of the lower jaw it is cut, torn, or
 bruised.
   MAS'TICATORY,  -Masticato'rinm, -Maste'ma,
 Diamaste'ma.   Same etymon.   Chewing.   Re-
lating or appertaining to mastication or caewing.
Also, a substance, chewed with the intention of
exciting the secretion of saliva.
  Masticatory Nerve, see Trigemini.
  MASTICH, see  Pistacia lentiscus — m. nerb,
common, Thymus mastichina—m.  Herb, Syrian,
Teucrium marum — m. Tree, Pistacia lentiscus.
  MASTICHINA  GALLORUM, Thymus mas-
tichina.
  MASTIGODES  HOMINIS, Trichocephalus.
  MASTIGO'SIS, Flagella'tio.  Flagellation,
scourging;  employed by the ancients as a remedy
in many diseases.
  MASTI'TIS, 3Iasto'i'tis, 3Iazoi'tis, Inflamma'-
tio 3Iamma, Mastadeni'tis, (F.) Inflammation des
3Iamelles, from paaros, ' the breast,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the breast.
Inflammation of the mammary gland of the preg-
nant  or parturient female is  vulgarly called a
weed, and a weed in the breast.
  Mastitis Apostematosa, Mastodynia  aposte-
matosa.
  Mastitis Puerpera'lis.  Inflammation of the
mamma in the childbed woman.
  MASTIX, see Pistacia lentiscus.
  MASTODES, Mastoid.
  MASTODYN'IA, 3lastal'gia, 3Iazodyn'ia,
from uaaros, 'the breast,' and oSwn, 'pain.'  Pain
in the breasts; a  form of neuralgia.   See Neu-
ralgia mammae.
   Mastodyn'ia   Apostemato'sa, Phlcg'mone
31 amma, 3Iasthelco'sis, 3lastltis  apostemato'sa,
Galactaposte'ma,  Galactomastoparecto'ma,  Ab-
acea'aua 3Iamma, A. lac'teua,  Phleg'mone 3Iasto-
dyn'ia, Abacees of the Breast, 31'am1mary"Abscess,
3Iilk-absces8.   Phlegmonous inflammation of the
breasts, running on  to suppuration, generally in
the childbed female.  It  is one of the best ex-
amples of acute phlegmonous inflammation, and
requires the active use of appropriate treatment.
  Mastodynia Polygala, Sparganosis—m. Po-
lygala,  Mastospargosis.
  MASTOID, 3Iasto'i'des, 31asto'des, 3Iasto'ideus,
3Iammilla' ria, Papil li-au-tmamm illi-form ia, 31am-
miform'ia,  3Iam'miform,  from paaros, ' a  breast,'
and etios, 'form, resemblance.'  Having the form
of a nipple.  Also, that which relates to the mas-
toid process, 3IaatoVdeua.
  Mastoid Aperture :—the opening of commu-
nication between  the cavity  of the  tympanum
and the mastoid cells.
   Mastoid Cells,  Antrum  maato'i'deum, Mas-
toid Sinuses.   These are situate in the mastoid
process; communicate with each other, and open
into the cavity of the tympanum.    Their use
seems to be to increase the intensity of sound.
   Mastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas-
toid process, and gives passage to a small artery
of the  dura mater,  as well as to a vein which
opens into the lateral sinus.
   Mastoid Fossa,  (F.) Gouttilre masto'idienne,
is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid
portion of the temporal bone, which  forms part
of the lateral sinus.
   Mastoid or Digastric Groove, (F.) Rainure
maato'idienne  ou digastrique, is a  groove, situate
at the  inner side  of the mastoid  process, which
affords attachment to the posterior belly of the
digastric muscle.
   Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius.
   Mastoid  or Mam'miform or  Mam'millary
 Process, Pars maatoidea,  is  situate  at the infe-
rior and posterior part of the temporal bone, and
gives  attachment  to the digastric and  mastoid
muscles.
   MASTOIDEUS, Sterno-cleido-mastoideus—m
 Lateralis,  Complexus minor. 
MASTOIDO-CONCHINIEN        542
MATLOCK
  MASTOIDO-CONCHINIEN, Retrahens au-
ris- — m. Ginicn, Digastricus — m. Hyogenien, Di-
gastricus— in. Oriculaire, Retrahens auris.
  MASTON'CUS, Thelon'cua, from  uaaros, 'the
breast,' and oyicos,  ' a tumour.'  A  tumefaction
of the nipple, or of the breast itself.
  Mastoncus  Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis.
  MASTOPATHPA, from paaros, 'the  breast,'
and itados, ' disease.'  An affection of the breast.
  MASTORRHAG"IA, from paaros,' the breast,'
and pnyvvpi, ' to flow.'  An unusual flow of milk.
  MASTOS, Mamma.
  MASTOSPARGO'SIS, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala,
Maaton'cua polygalac'ticua,  from  pacrcs, 'the
breast,' and airapyato, ' I am full to bursting.' Ful-
ness of the breasts with milk, so that they  are
ready to burst.
  MASTRUPATIO, Masturbation.
  MASTURBA'TION, Cina'dia, Gar'gale, Gar'-
galua, Gargalia'mua, 31aatuprdtio, 3{anuatuprd-
tio, 3Ianstupra'tio, from manus, ' the hand,' and
etupro, 'I  ravish;'  Ona'nia, On'aniam,  jEdcco-
gargaris'mus, sEdceogar''galus, Anaplaa'mua,Gau'-
dia fceda,  Duclio prapu'tii, Voluntary Polld-
tion,  Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (F.)  Abus de soi-
meme, Attouchement.  Excitement  of the genital
organs by  the hand.
  MASTURBA'TOR,  3Iaatupra'tor,  Slanuatu-
prdtor, 3Iaacar'pio: same etymon.  One given
to masturbation.
  MASTUS, Mamma.
   MAT, (F.) Dull.
   31 AT SON, (F.)  A dull sound.   The obscure
noise, afforded in certain diseases when any part,
as the chest, is percussed.  It has been compared
to that produced when the thigh is struck.  It is
opposed to the Son clair, or ' clear sound.'
   MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis.
   MATER. Uterus — m.  Dura,  Dura mater—m.
Herbarum, Artemisia vulgaris—m. Metallorum,
Hydrargyrum—m. Mollis, Pia mater—m.  Perla-
rum, see Pearl—m. Pia,  Pia mater—m. Secalis,
Ergot — m. Tenuis, Pia mater.
   MATERIA, Matter —m. Fibrosa, Fibrin.
   Mate'ria Med'ica, Pharmacolog"ia, Pharma-
cology, Acology or Akology or Aceolog"ia, Hyle
Iatrice, Iamatolog"ia, lamatol'ogy,  (F.) 3Iatikre
3Iedicale.  The division of medical science which
treats of the knowledge of medicines; their action
on the animal economy, and mode of administra-
tion.  The study of the Materia Medica is one of
great importance;—it is a study of the tools with
which the practitioner has to  work in the cure
of  disease. Much labour has been spent in con-
triving  classifications  of the   Materia Medica.
Some have arranged the articles  according to
their  natural  resemblances;  others, according to
their real or presumed virtues:  others, according
to  their active constituent principles.  The Phar-
 macopoeias place them alphabetically.   Perhaps
the best classification would be one founded on
 the agency exerted by the articles on the different
 tissues; but this arrangement, in the present state
 of science, is by no means easy; and, moreover,
 ideas in regard to the action  of medicines  are
 so associated  with certain terms, — as narcotics,
 tonics, sedatives, Ac, employed to denote certain
 operations, which they are esteemed  capable of
 producing, that, to abandon them, would be to
 throw obstacles in the way of the student, with-
 out the ultimate advantage accruing to him of
 possessing a better knowledge  of the modus  ope-
 randi of  medicines  than when a  classification,
 somewhat resembling those  usually embraced, is
 adopted.
    The following  is the classification adopted by
the Author, in his " General Therapeutics  and
Materia Medica," 4th edit., Philad., 1850:—
  1. Agents that affect pro- ( Emetics,
                          -\ Ca
minently the alimentary ca-
nal or its contents,
  2. Agents that affect pro-
minently the respiratory or-
gans,

  3. Agents that affect pro-
minently  the  follicular  or
glandular organs,

  4. Agents that affect pro-
minently  the nervous  sys-
tem,
  5. Agents that affect pro-
minently  the  organs of re-
production,
   tthartics,
 Anthelmintics.

 Expectorants.

' Errhines,
 Sialogogues,
 Diuretics,
 Antilithics,
 Diaphoretics.
 Narcotics,
 Tetanies,
 Antispasmodics.

 Emmenagogues,
 Parturifacients.
  6.  Agents that affect va-
rious organs,
' Excitants,
 Tonics,
 Astringents,
 Sedatives,
 Refrigerants,
 Revellents,
 Eutrophics.
 Antacids,
 Antalkalies,
 Disinfectants.
 Demulcents,
 Diluents.
  7. Agents whose action is
prominently chemical,
  8. Agents whose action is
prominently mechanical,
  Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more
articles than at present.   The tendency, indeed,
is, and  must be, to diminish it  still further; to
get rid of those articles which possess no advan-
tages over others equally common, or whose pro-
perties are doubtful.  In a dictionary, it becomes
necessary to  insert all  that have been reputed to
possess virtues; but the  majority are unneces-
sary.  The catalogue might  be  largely reduced,
with impunity.
  Materia Medica, Dynamical, Pharmacody-
namics.
  Materia   Mopbo'sa,  31.  Peccans,  Mate'riet
3Iorbi.  Morbid  matter.   The matter or material
which is the  cause of disease.
  Materia  Ossea,  Terra Ossea — m.  Peccans,
M.  Morbosa — m. Salina, see Saliva — m. Testa-
cea dentium, see Tooth — m. Urinosa, Urea.
  MATERIALISTA, Druggist.
  31 A TERIA UX I3I3IEDIA TS, Principles, im-
mediate.
  MATERIES, Matter—m. Morbi, Materia mor-
bosa.
  MATHEAV'S  PILLS, Pilulse ex helleboro et
myrrha.
  MA'TIAS.  The  bark of a  South  American
tree, not yet determined.  It is used  in its native
country in intermittents, and  as a tonic generally.
Its principal characteristic constituent is a bitter
resinous matter.   It is probably the same as the
3Ialambo bark.
  MATI'CO, (pronounced matee'eo,)  Yerba del
Soldado, or  Soldier'a weed.  A  South American
herb — Piper angustifolium, Artan'the  elonga'ta
—which is possessed of astringent virtues, and is
used both internally and externally.  It is given
in infuaion made of one ounce of the leaves to  a
pint of boiling water, of which the dose is  f^iss,
or  in tincture,  made of Jiiss of the leaves to  a
pint of dilute alcohol.
  3IATIERE, Matter — m.  Ciribriforme, Ence-
phaloid— m. Extractive du Bouillon, Osmazome
— m. 3Iedicale, Materia  Medica — m. Perlee de
Kerkring, Antimonium diaphoreticum — m. Pul-
monaire noire, see Pulmo.
   MATLOCK, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mat-
lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, at which 
MATONIA
543
MAXILLARY
there is a mineral spring of the acidulous class.
Temperature 66°.   It differs but little, except in
temperature, from  good spring-water.  It is  ge-
nerally used as a tepid bath.
  MATONIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car-
damomum.
  MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum.
  MATRACIUM, Matrass, Urinal.
  MATRASS, 3tutrdcium. A glass vessel with
a long neck; and a round, and sometimes oval,
body.   It may be  furnished  with tubulures, or
not.  It is used in Pharmacy for  distillation, di-
gestion, Ac.
  MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges.
  MAT RICA IRE, Matricaria.
  MATRICA'LIS,  3latricdrius,  from  matrix,
'the uterus.'  Relating to the uterus.
  Matricalia are  remedies for diseases of  the
uterus.
  MATRICA'RIA, from matrix,  ' the womb ;' so
called from its reputed virtues in affections of
that organ.  3Iatrica'ria Parthe'nium, Parthe'-
nium febrifugum, Py'rethrum parthe'nium, Chry-
santh'emum parthe'nium, Argyrocha'ta, Chrysoc'-
alis, Fever-few, Feather-few,  3Iother-wort,  (F.)
31atricaire. A'at. Ord.  Composite.  It resembles,
in its properties, chamomile and tansy; and, like
them, has  been esteemed tonic, stomachic, resol-
vent, emmenagogue, vermifuge,  Ac.  It is  not
much used.
  Matricaria, Anthemis nobilis.
  Matrica'ria Ciiamomil'la,  31. Suav'eolens,
An'themis vulga'ris, Chamame'lumVulgd re, Cha-
momilla nostras, Leucan'themum  of Dioscorides,
 Wild Com,  Dog's  Cham'omile, German  Chamo-
mile, (F.)  Camomille vulgaire.    It  resembles
Matricaria  in properties.
  Matrica'ria Glabra'ta.  A  South  African
plant, known at the Cape as Wild Chamomile,
has the same properties as the other species of
matricaria.
  Matricaria Leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum
Leucanthemum—m. Suaveolens, M. Chamomilla.
  3IATRICE, Uterus — m. Col  de la, Collum
uteri.
   MATRICULATE, from matricula, diminutive
of  matrix,  ' a roll,' originally ' an army roll or
register.'   One who is admitted into a university
or  college,  by enrolling or having his name en-
rolled  on   the register  of the  institution.  In
France, prendre inscription means ' to matricu-
late ;' and,  in the university regulations of that
country, it  is required, that the inscription shall
be  made every three months, until the termina-
tion of the prescribed period of study;  the stu-
dent having to take his inscription within  the
first fortnight of each trimestre or of every three
months, and to present himself within  the  last
fortnight of the trimestre to establish the fact of
his attendance.
  In this country, it is only necessary to matri-
culate at the commencement of each session.
  One who has thus enrolled himself in an insti-
tution is called a 3Iatriculate.
  MATRISYTLArA, Asperula odorata.
  MATRIX, Cytoblastema, Uterus — m. Unguis,
see Nail.
  MATRONA. Midwife.
  MATRONALIS, A"iola.
  MATTEE, see Ilex Paraguensis.
  MATTER, 31ate'ria, Hyle, 3Iate'ries, (F.) 31a-
tilre.  Any  substance which enters into the com-
position of a body.   In 3Iedirine, it is sometimes
applied to the substance of evacuations; and is
also used svnpnymouslv with pus.
  MATTING OF PARTS, Hapantismus.
  MATULA, Urinal.
  MATURA'TION, 3tatura'tio,  from maturare.
' to ripen.'   Pepaa'moa,  Pepan'ai8.  Progression
of an abscess towards maturity.  The  state of
maturity.   Coction.
  31A TURA TIF, Maturative.
  MAT'URATIVE,  3Iatu'rans, Pepanticos,  (F.)
Maturatif.   A medicine which favours the matu-
ration of an inflammatory tumour.
  MATURATUS, Concocted.
  MATU'RITY,  3Iatu'ritas, Hora'otee.   The
state of fruits and seeds, when  comparatively de-
veloped.   State of an abscess, in which the pus
is completely formed.
  Maturity, Precocious, Praeotia.
  MAUDLIN,  Achillea  ageratum — m. Tansey,
Achillea ageratum — m. Wort, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
  3IAUVE SAUVAGE, Malva.
  31A UN DE A'ERFS, Hysteria.
   MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone.
   MAX'ILLARY, 31axilldria,  (F.) 3Iaxillaire,
from maxilla, ' a jaw.'   Relating or belonging to
the jaws;  from paaaaoi,  ' I chew.'
   Maxillary Arteries are  three  in  number.
1. External maxillary.   See Facial.  2. Internal
maxillary — A. Gutturo-maxillaire, (Ch.)  This
arises from the external carotid with the tempo-
ral.  It is  remarkable  for its complex course,
and for the number of  branches which it trans-
mits to the deep-seated parts of the face. Imme-
diately after its origin, it buries  itself under the
neck of the lower jaw, curving inwards and down-
wards.  It then advances directly inwards ;  pro-
ceeding in the space between the two pterygoid
muscles towards  the maxillary tuberority.  It
turns again, becomes vertical, and  ascends  into
the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, until, having
arrived  at the floor  of the orbit, it takes a hori-
zontal and transverse direction;  enters the sphe-
no-maxillary fossa, and divides into  several
branches.   See Artery, (table.)
   Maxillary Bone, Maxilla, Mandib'ula, Gam'-
phele, Gnathii8, 3Iola, Siagon, 'jaw.'  (F.)  31a-
choire.  A name given to two bones, which  sup-
port the teeth, and, by means of them, are inser-
vient to the cutting, bruising, and tearing of
alimentary substances.
   The maxillary bones are two in number.
   Maxillary Bone, Inferior, Lower jaw-bone,
Os 3Iaxilla're inferius, Machoire diacranienne,
3Iaxilla inferior, (F.) Os maxillaire, (Ch.,) is a
symmetrical, nearly parabolic bone, the middle
portion  of which  is horizontal,  and called the
body; and  the posterior is vertical, the angular
portions being termed Rami or branchea.  These
have behind a parotidean edge, which  forms —
by uniting with the base — the angle of the jaw.
The branches terminate above by two processes,
separated by the sigmoid notch or fossa; the an-
terior of which is called the coronoid; the poste-
rior, the condyloid process or  maxillary condyle,
supported by a Cervix,  Collum,  or A'eck.  The
chief parts  observed on the  lower jaw are— 1.
Externally, — the  Sym'phyeis  menti, Apoph'ysis
menti, 3Iental foramen,  and the external oblique
line.   2.  Internally, — the  Geniapoph'ysis,  the
internal or 3Iyloid oblique lines, and the entrance
of the dental canal.  The lower jaw has, also, an
alveolar edge, which contains  alveoli for the re-
ception of the teeth.  The lower jaw-bone is de-
veloped by two points of ossification, which unite
at  the symphysis of the chin.  It is articulated
with the temporal bone  and with the teeth.
   Maxillary Bone, Superior, Upper jaw-bone,
3Iaxil'la superior, Os maxilldre supe'rius, 3tax-
illa syncra'nia,  (F.) Os sna-maxillaire,  (Ch.,)
3Iachoire  syncranienne.   The upper jaw-bones
are to the face what the sphenoid bone is to the
cranium.   They are  articulated with all the  por- 
MAXILLO
544
MECONIUM
tions  composing  it.   They  determine,  almost
alone, the shape of the face, and give it solidity.
Their size is considerable ;  form unequal.  They
occupy the middle and anterior part of the face;
and enter into the composition of the nasal fossa?,
orbit, and mouth.  The chief parts observable in
the upper jaw  are — 1. Externally, — the Naaal
process, (F.)  Apophyse montante, the Fora'men
infra-orbita'rium, Zygomat'ic process, Canine fos-
sa, Myr'tiform fossa.   2.  Internally, — the Pal-
atine process, Ante'rior palatine canal, and the
Antrum of Highmore.   Its  circumference is very
unequal, and it has behind a round, unequal pro-
minence,  called the 3Iaxillary  tuberosity, which
is pierced by  the posterior dental canitl.  Ante-
riorly, there is a notch, which forms part of the
anterior aperture of the nasal fossae, and beneath,
an eminence, called the anterior nasal spine. The
lower part of this circumference forms the aii>e-
olar margin.  Each superior maxillary bone is
articulated with the ethmoid, frontal, nasal, la-
chrymal,  palatine,  inferior, spongy, vomer, its
fellow, the teeth of the  upper jaw, and sometimes
the sphenoid bone. It is developed  by four or five
points of ossification.
   Maxillary Nerves are two in number,  and
formed of the  second  and  third branches of the
fifth pair.  The Superior Maxillary Nerve,
Nerf 8U8-maxillaire (Ch.), arises from the middle
of the gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair;
passes forwards,  and  issues  from  the cranium
through  the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid
bone ; enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, which
it crosses  horizontally;  passes into the infra-
orbitar canal, which it traverses ; and makes its
exit to vanish on the cheek.  It gives off the fol-
lowing branches, — the orbitar, a  branch which
goes  to  the sphenopalatine gangliop; poaterior
dental branchea; the anterior dental, — and  ter-
minates  in the infra-orbitar nerves, which are
divided into euperior, inferior, and internal.  The
inferior maxillary nerve, Nerf'maxillaire (Ch.), is
the largest of the three branches furnished by the
fifth pair.  It  issues from the  cranium by the
foramen ovale of the sphenoid.  Having reached
the zygomatic fossa, it divides  into two trunks;
the one  superior  and  external, which gives off
the temporales  profundi,  masseterine, buccal, and
pterygoids;—the other—inferior and internal—
the larger of the two, which furnishes the inferior
dental, Ungual, and auricular.
   Maxillary Veins present the same arrange-
ment as the arteries they accompany.
   31 AN ILL 0 - AL VEOLI- NASAL, Depressor
alse nasi—m. Labial, Depressor anguli  oris — m.
Narinal, Compressor naris—m. Palpebral, Orbi-
cularis palpebrarum—m.  Scliroticien, Obliquus
inferior oculi.
   MAY APPLE, Podophyllum peltatum — m. a.
Mountain, Podophyllum montanum — m. Flower,
Anthemis cotula—m.  Weed, Anthemis cotula.
   MAYELLA, Curcuma longa.
   MAYNARD'S ADHESIVE  LIQUID, CoUo-
dion.
   MAYTS,  Zea mays — m. Americana, Zea mays
— m. Zea, Zea mays.
   MAZA, Mass, Placenta.
   MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.'  Relating
to the placenta.
   MAZISCH'ESIS, from  maza,  'the  placenta,'
and axtats, 'holding,'  'retention.'  Retention of
the placenta.
   MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia.
   MAZOITIS, Mastitis.
   MAZOL'YSIS,  from  maza, 'placenta,'  and
Averts,  ' solution.'   Separation of the  placenta.
  MAZOPATHFA, from maza, 'placenta,' and
nados, ' disease.'  A disease of the placenta.  One
originating from the placenta.
  MAZOS, Mamma.
  MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizonuim.
  MEADOW BLOOM,  Ranunculus  acris —m.
Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia—m.  Pride, see  Ca-
lumba—m. Rue, Thalictron—m. Saffron, Alnegar
of, Acetum colchici—m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata,
Spiraea  ulmaria — m. Sweet, red, Spiraea tomen-
tosa.
  MEALY TREE, A'iburnum dentatum.
  MEASLES, Rubeola—m.  Black, see Rubeola
—m. False, Roseolse—m. French,  Roseolas.
  MEASLY,  Morbillous.
  MEASUREMENT, Mensuration.
  MEASURING, MEDICAL, Mensuration.
  MEAT  BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat.
  MEAT, EXTRACTIVE  OF, Osmazome.
  3IEA T, Meatus.
  MEA'TUS, Ductus, Cana'lis, Porus, (F.) 31iat.
A passage or  canal.
  Meatus Auditorius Externus, Auditory ca-
nal, external—m. Auditorius internus,  Auditory
canal, internal—m. Caecus, Eustachian  tube—m.
Narium, see  Nasal fossae—m. Seminales  uteri,
Tubse Fallopianse—m. Seminarius, Corpus High-
mori—m.  Urinarius, Urethra.
  MECHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus—m.
Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus.
  MECHANE, Machine.
  MECHANEMA, Machine.
  MECHAN'ICAL, 3Iechan'icus,  from unxa*V>
' a machine.'  An epithet given to irritating bo-
dies, which do not act chymically—as a mechani-
cal irritant.
  Mechanical or Iatro-mathematical Physi-
cians, Iiitro-mechan'ici seu I'dfromathemalici, are
such as refer every function, healthy or morbid,
to  mechanical or mathematical principles ;—31e-
dici'na  mechan'ica.
  MECHANICS, AN'IMAL. That part of phy-
siology  whose objects  are to investigate the laws
of equilibrium and motion of the  animal body.
  MECH'ANISM.   The  structure  of a body;
the collection or aggregate of the  parts of a ma-
chine ;  the mode in which  forces produce  any
effect, Ac.
  3IECHE, Tent.   This term is usually applied
in French surgery to a collection of threads of
charpie, cotton or raw silk united together, which
are used for deterging sinuous or fistulous ulcers ;
or to keep open or  enlarge natural or artificial
apertures.  They are generally applied  by means
of an instrument called Porte-meche.
  MECHOACANA NIGRA, Convolvulus jalapa
—m. Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa.
  MECHOACANA  RADIX,  Convolvulus  me-
choacan.
  31 ECHO AC AN DU  CANADA,  Phytolacca
decandra.
   MECOM'ETER, (F.) 3Iicometre;  from unxot,
'length,' and perpov, 'measure.'   A  kind of  gra-
duated  compass,—compos de proportion,—used at
the  Hospice  de Maternit6 of Paris, to measure
the length of new-born infants.
   MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papaver.
   MECONICUM, Opiate.
   MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio  opia'ca; from
iji7icuii, ' the poppy.'  Poisoning by opium.
   MECO'NIUM,  same etymon.   Poppy juice,
Papaver'culum, Purgamen'ta  Infantis,  Mecon.
The  excrement passed by  the  infant a short
time after birth, which  had accumulated  in  the
intestines during pregnancy.  It is of a greenish
or deep black colour, and very viscid.  It seems 
MECONOLOGIA              545                MEDICINA
formed of the mucous secretions of the intestines
mixed with bile.   See Opium.
   MECONOLOG'TA,  Opiolog"ia;  from pn*uv,
i'A poppy,' and loyos, 'a description.'  A treatise
on opium.
   MECONOPSIS DIPHYLLA, Stylophorum di-
phyllum.
   MEDEA, Genital organs.
   3IEDECIN,  Physician — m. Consultant, Con-
sulting physician.
   MEDEt'lNE, Medicina—m. Expectants, Ex-
pectation—m. Legale, Medicine, legal — m. Ope-
ratoire,  Surgery, operative — m.  Perturbatrice,
Perturbatrix (Medicina.)
   MEDELA, Curation.
   MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA,' M. Virgi-
nica.
   Mede'ola A'irgin'ica, 31. verticillifo'lia, Gy-
ro'mia  Virgin'ica, Indian cu'cumber.  An  indi-
genous herb, growing in every part of the United
 States, the root of which resembles a small cu-
 cumber.   It has been thought to be diuretic.
   MEDIAN, 3Icilia'nus; from medium, 'the mid-
 dle.'  That which is situate in the middle.
   Median  Line.  A vertical line, supposed  to
 divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts;
 the one right, the other left.  Chaussier  calls the
 linea  alba the ligne midiane of the  abdomen.
   Median Nerve,  Median digital, (Ch.)   This
 nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches  of
 the last two cervical  nerves and first dorsal. The
 fifth and sixth cervical pairs also send it a branch,
 which separates  from  the  musculo-cutaneous
nerve.  The median nerve descends the  inner
part of the  arm  along the  biceps muscle.   Op-
posite the  elbow joint it  buries  itself  behind
the aponeurosis of. that muscle, and engages it-
self between the two  fasciculi of the pronator
teres.   Lower down,  it is  situate between the
flexors—sublimis and profundus — and  passes,
with their  tendons, under the anterior  annular
ligament;  it then  divides  into  five branches,
which are distributed to the muscles of the the-
nar eminence, to the lurnbricales, the integuments
of the thumb, the index, middle finger, and  outer
part of tho  ring finger.  This nerve  gives no
branches to the arm.   In the forearm, it furnishes
filaments to all the pronator and flexor muscles;
and one of them accompanies  the anterior inter-
osseous artery.   It also gives off a filament to the
integuments of tho palm of the hand.
   Median Veins.  Three of the superficial  veins
of the forearm are so called.   The median baailic
—the  median cephalic and common median or fu-
nis brachii.   See Basilic and  Cephalic.
   MEDIANUM. Mediastinum, Mesentery.
   M E I) I AS "IT N AL, 3Iediaalindlia.  Relating to
the  Mediastinum.
   Mediastinal Arteries are very delicate arte-
rial branches, distributed in the areolar texture
of the mediastinum.   They  are  distinguished,
according to their situation, into anterior and
posterior.
   MEDIASTINITIS, Mesodmitis.
   MEPIASTI'NUM, 3!ciUasti'nus, quasi, in me-
dio stans, as being in the middle;  3/esod'me, 3Ie-
ilia'num,   Mesotce'chitim, 3Icsottr'chum,  Septum
thora'cis. Hi/men Diaphrat'ton, 3Iembra'na  Diu-
phrattvn, Membra'na thora'cem intersejliens, lu-
te rsepi men'turn thora'cis, Diribito'riuni, Dissipi-
men'tum thora'cis. A membranous  septum formed
by the approximation of the pleura?, dividing the
chest into tvio parts, the one right, the other left.
The mediastinum, formed by  a double reflection
of the  pleura, extends from the spine to the pos-
terior surface of the  sternum.  Its anterior  part,
called  .Inferior mediastinum, Mediastinum pecto-
rdle, lodges, at its upper part, the thymus gland
in ihe fcetus, and is filled below with fatty, areo-
lar tissue.   Its  posterior part,  parallel to the
spine, is occupied by the oesophagus, vena azy-
gos, thoracic duct, the lower part of the windpipe,
the origin of the bronchia and a number of lym-
phatic glands.   This part is called the poaterior
mediastinum—3Iediastinum dorsa'le.
   Mediastinum Auris, see Tympanum—m." Ce-
rebri, Falx  cerebri, Septum lucidum—m. Testis,
Corpus Highmori.
   MEDIASTINUS, Mediastinum.
   MEDICABILIS, Curable.
   MEDICABLE, Curable.
   MED,T,CiE.   Sworn midwives, whose duty it
was, of old,  to  inspect women  in cases of suspect-
ed pregnancy.
   MED'ICAL,  31edica'lis, I'dt'ricua, Paon'ius,
Paon'icua, Phya'ical, Eseula'pian, (F.)  3Iedical.
Same etymon as Medicament.   Appertaining or
relating to medicine or to medicines.
   Medical Jurisprudence,  Medicine, legal.
   MEDICALIS. Medical.
   MEDTCAMENT, 3Iedicamen'Utm, Reined him,
Ace'aia, Acea'ma, Aces'tium, Aces'tys, Althos, Hy-
gias'ma, hi ma, Acoa, 3Iedica'men, Phar'macvm,
Pharmaceu'nia, Alkar,  Anxil'ium,   Bocthe'ma,
Med'icine, Physic, Rem'edy,  (F.) Remede ; from
medicare, ' to cure or heal.'  A  medicine.  Any
substance exhibited with the view of curing  or
allaying morbid action.  Medicines are  obtained
from  the  three  kingdoms of  nature,  and are  di-
vided into  internal and  external, according  as
they are administered internally or applied ex-
ternally.
   MEDICAMENTAL, Medicinal.
   MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,  3h,lic"i,,al
stone, (F.) Pierre medicamenteuse.  A name for-
merly given to a mixture of peroxyd of iron,  li-
tharge, alum, nitre, sal ammoniac,  and  vinegar ;
evaporated  and calcined  at  a red heat for  an
hour.  The product was  regarded as eminently
astringent.
   MEDICAMENTUM, Drug —m. ex Palmulis,
Diaphcenicon.
   MEDICAS'TER,  3Iedicastra.  An  ignorant
practitioner.  A charlatan.
   MEDICA'TION, 3Iedicdtio, from mederi,  'to
remedy.'  The  change  in the animal  economy
produced  by the operation of remedies.  Treat-
ment by medicine.
   MEDICI'NA, Ars  med'ica, Res medica, Ars
3fac/iao'nia, A. J.Iachaon'ica, lat'rice,  late'ria,
latri'a,  latrine, Paoa'yne, Paon'ice, Iatroteeh'-
niee, Aceato'ria, Scien'tia med'ica seu  medendi,
Sote'ria  doctrlna, Med'icine, The  healing art.
Phyaic,  (F.) 3Iidecine.  A science, the  object of
which is the cure of disease and  the preservation
of health.   Occasionally, it is  used to comprehend
aril the branches of the healing art; at others  to
comprise one great division,  in contradistinction
to aurgery and obatetrics.  Medicine, in this sense,
includes many branches ;—the chief of which are.
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics,
Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy.
   Medicina Conservativa,  Hygiene—in. Diset-
etica, Dietetics — m. Eclectica, see Eclectic —  m.
Efficax,  Surgery — m. Equaria,  Hippiatria —  m.
Euectiea,  Gymnastus — m. Forensis, Medicine,
legal—m.  Gymnastica, Gymnastics—m.  Herme-
tica, see Spagyrists — m.  Judiciaria, Medicine,
legal—m. Mechanica, see Mechanical—m. Metho-
dica, see Methodists—m. Operativa, Surgery—m.
Paracelsistica,  see Spagyrists—m. Perturbatrix.
see Perturbatrix—m. Politica, Police, medical—
m. Sinica, Chinese mediciue—m. Spagyrlc.i, Chy-
miatria; see Spagyrists—m.  State, Police medi 
MEDICINABLE             546              MEDULLARY
cal—m. Tristitiae, Crocus—m. Veterinaria, ATete-
rinary art.
  MEDICINABLE, Medicinal.
  MEDICINAL, 3Iedicina'lis, Medicament'al,
3fedic"iliable, 3Ied'ical, later'ius, Rerne''dial, Re-
me'diate.  Having a remedial power;—as medi-
cinal plants, Ac.  Relating to medicine, as
  Medicina'les  Dies, 3Iedic"inal days.  Days
on which the ancients  considered  that remedies
might be administered ; and especially evaeuants.
Such days were not esteemed critical.
  MEDICINE,, Medicament, Medicina.
  Medicine is, also, used in the same  sense as
Medicament, and for a purging potion.
   To Medicike was formerly used  for "J;o restore
or cure by medicine."
  Medicine, Clinical, see Clinical — m.  Eclec-
tic, see Eclectic — m.  Empirical, Arcanum — m.
Galenic, Galenism.
   Medicine, Legal,  Medical jurisprudence of
some, Law med'icine,  Foren'sic medicine, 3tedi-
ci'na  foren'sis, 31. judicia'ria, Diciatri'a,  (F.)
3Iedecine legate.   The application  of medical
knowledge to the solution of every question con-
nected with  the preservation of the species, and
the  administration of justice.
   Medicike, Patent, see Patent  medicine — m.
 Political, Police, medical—m. Quack, Arcanum.
   3IEDICINIER  CATHARTIQUE,  Jatropha
 curcas.
   MEDICO-JCHIRURG"ICAL,3/e<fico-Cr*intr'-
 gicus.  Relating or appertaining to medicine and
 surgery;—as ' medico-chirurgical  society.'
   Medico-Chirurgical Anatomy, see Anatomy.
   MEDICO-LEGAL, 3Ied'ico-legdlis.  Relating
 to legal  medicine; iis 'a medico-legal inquiry,
 Inquisil'io medico-legdlis — 'a medico-legal in-
 spection,' Inspec'tio med'ico-tega.'lis.
   MEDICO-STATISTICAL, see Statistics, me-
 dical.
   MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician—m.  Equarius,
 Hippiater—m. Ocularius, Oculist—m. Unguenta-
 rius,  Iatraleptes—m. Vulnerarius, see Deligation
 — m. A'eterinarius, Hippiater — m. Vulnerum,
 Surgeon.
   MEDTM'NUS, Sledim'nos^ptotuvas. An ancient
 measure, capable of containing about 4  pocks and
 6 pints.
   MEDITULLIUM. Diploe.
   MEDIUM  MUSCULI, see Muscle.
   ME'DIUS,  Middle, Median.
   Middle Finger, (F.) Doigt du Milieu, is be-
 tween the index and ring finger.
   MEDLAR,  Mespilus.
   MEDO. Hvdromeli.
   MEDOBLENNORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea.
   MEDORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea—m. Feminarum
 insons. Leucorrhoea — m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea.
   MEDULLA,  Marrow —m. Cerebri, see  Cere^
 brum — m.  Dorsalis,  m. Spinalis — m.  Dorsualis,
  M. Spinalis — m. Nervorum, Neurine.
    Medul'la  Oblonga'ta,  Cer'ebral  protu'be-
  rancc, Nervous system of the senses, (Gall,) Cer'-
  cbrum elongdtum,  (F.)  3Iesocephale,  3toelle  al-
  longec, 31esencephale, (Ch.)  The medullary sub-
  stance that lies within  the  cranium upon  the
  basilary process of the occipital  bone.  The an-
  terior surface which rests in the  basilary groove,
  is  impressed by  the basilary  artery.  At  the
  upper extremity, and on its posterior surface are
  the Tubereula quadrigemina.  At the same ex-
  tremity, the medulla  gives rise to two prolonga-
  tions, the peduncles of the brain, separated from
  each other by  the mammillary eminences,  and
  becoming lost in the optic thalami.  The lower
  extremity is called the  tail  or Raehid'ian bulb,
  Bulbut rachiilicus,  and is continuous  with  the
medulla spinalis.  It is to this part only that
some  anatomists apply the name 3Icdulla ob-
lonqata.  From  the  posterior  angles  two other
prolongations arise, called Pedunclea of the ccre«
bellum. The medulla oblongata has several emi-
nenees — the Pons varolii, Corpora pyramidalia,
C. olivaria, Ac.—and it has a longitudinal fissure
before, and another behind, called the anterior
and  poaterior medium flaaurea.  The vesicular
neurine in the centre of the medulla is the ner-
vous centre of respiration and  deglutition : hence
it has been called centrum vitale.
   Medulla Ossium, Marrow—m.  Spinae,  M.
spinalis.
   Medul'la Spina'lis  seu Spina seu dorana lia
seu  dorsa'lis, Corda apindlia, Funis argentetts,
Rhache'trum, 3fy'elue, 31. rhachi'tea seu notia'ua
seu diauche'nius sevtpao'i'tea, 31y'elon.,Notomy'elua,
Rhachi'tea, -Eon, 31edulla vertebrdlia, Proces'sus
rachididnua, Sacra ft a'tula, Spinal prolongd tion,
 Ver'tebral marrow,  Spinal cord, Nerrous system
of voluntary motion and tactile impreaaion (Gall),
Spinal marrow, (F.) 3h>dle ipiniere, 3Ioelte ver-
tebrate, called by Ch., Prolongement rachidien of
the  encephalon, is the  continuation  of the me-
dulla  oblongata.  It commences at  the foramen
magnum of the occipital bone, and descends in
 the"vertebral canal as low as  the 2d lumbar ver-
 tebra, without filling it; presenting, in its course,
 several evident enlargements.  It is grooved on
 both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a  fur-
 row, which divides  it, in  its  whole  length, into
 two great nervous cords, intimately united with
 each other.  It terminates by an oval tubercle,
 whence a number of nerves set out called  Cauda
 equina, (F.) Queue de  checat, from its resem-
 blance to a horse's tail.   The spinal  marrow has
 no  analogy, as regards its structure, with the
 marrow of long bones.  It is formed of two sub-
 stances : one white, the other gray, presenting
 an inverse arrangement to that which they have
 in the brain, the white being external, the cine-
 ritious at the centre. It is enveloped by a yel-
 lowish, fibrous membrane, very resisting, which
 seems to  be continued  insensibly from  the pia
 mater, and by  two  other  membranes, which are
 merely prolongations of the  arachnoid and dura
 mater.  See Nerve.
    Medulla Vertebralis, M. spinalis.
    MEDULLA, Sperm.
    MED'ULLARY,  3Iedulldris, from  medulla,
  ' marrow.'  Relating to the marrow  or analogous
  to marrow.
    Medullary Ar'teries.   The arteries, which
  enter bones and pass to the marrow.
    Medullary  Canal, see  Canal,  medullary —
  m. Cells, see  Medullary  Membrane —m. Juice,
  Marrow — in. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum.
    Medullary Membrane, Periosteum Inter'num,
  Endoa'teum.  A vascular, areolar web of extreme
  tenuity, which envelops the marrow and lines the
  inner surface of the medullary canal of the long
  bones.   This  membrane  has been  considered as
  a species of internal periosteum of those bones.
  It has numerous vessels, which bury themselves
  in the thickness of the marrow; and others which
  nourish the innermost  plates of the bone.  The
  cells formed by it  are termed Cel'lula seu  Sac'-
  culi  medulldrea.
    Medullary Neurine, see Neurine — m. Sar-
  coma, Encephaloid, Haematodes fungus.
    Medullary Substance  of  the Kidney,  see
   Kidney — m. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre.
     Medullary System.  Bichat gives this name
   to the marrow and its membranes.  He distin-
   guishes two species of medullary  systems;  tho
   one  occupies the cellular tissue at the extremities
   of the lon°- bones and  that of the  flat and short 
MEDULLITIS
5!7
MELANCHLORUS
bones; the other is found merely in the central
canal of long bones.
  Medullary Tumour of the Lungs, Phthisis,
cancerous.
  MEDULLITIS, Myelitis.
  MLGALANTIIROPOGEN'ESIS, from piyas,
'great,' avSpwnos, 'man,' and yeviais, 'birth.'  A
term us ed by a French physician, named Robert,
to designate the art  of  procreating great men;
men of mind ;  men  of  genius.  He considered
that they may be perpetuated by always taking
care  to  have  talented  men  united  to clever
women !
   MEGALOCAR'DIA,  from pzyas, 'great,' and
Kttpt'ua, ' heart.'  The  state of having a very large
heart.
   MEGALOCCELIA, Intestine, great,  Megalo-
splanchnia.
   MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from pcyas,  utyaln,
'great,'  and  tfiwvn,  'voice.'  The  condition  of
having a full, strong  voice.
   MEGALOPIITHAL'MUS; from ptyas, utyaln,
' great,'  and  oipOalpos,  ' eye.'  A congenital de-
formity, in  which the eye is inordinately large.
   MEOALOSPLANCH'NUS, from piyalos,
' great,' and anlayxvov, ' a viscus.'  3Iegalocce'lia.
Hippocrates applies the  epithet to those in whom
a viscus, or the viscera, are tumid.  Some have
used the substantive 3legalosplanch'nia  for the
tumour itself.
   MEGALOSPLENIA, Splenoncus.
   MEG ETHOS, Stature.
   MEG RIAL Hemicrania.
   MEIBO'MIUS, GLANDS OF, Folliclea of 31.,
Palpebral  Follicles, Ciliary  P.,  Glandula  se-
ba'cea cilidre8 seu -Mcibomia'na, Intestin'ula
3Icibo'mii, Lacu'na palpebra'rum, (F.) Follicules
 palpebraux ou ciliairea, Glandea de 3Ieibomiua.
 Small, sebaceous follicles, called  after Henry
 Meibomius, although known long before his de-
scription of them.   They are  situate in special
 grooves in the tarsal cartilages ; and are ranged
 by the side of each other, in the form of yellow-
 ish,  parallel,  and   vertical  lines ; sometimes
 straight, at others, tortuous.  They may be seen
 at the inner  surface  of the eyelids, through the
 conjunctiva,  and secrete a sebaceous  humour,
 called Lippitu'do, Gum, (F.) Chaaaie.
    MEIO'SIS,  3Ieo'ais,  3Iio'si8, Imminu'tio, 3Ii-
 nuthe'aia, Minitho'aia, from fieiota, ' I lessen.'  The
 period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin
 to diminish; — the   decline.   Remission.   Also,
 idiotism.
   MEIUROS, Decurtatus,  Myurus.
   MEL,  3Icli,  Nili'acum, Honey,  (F.) 3Iicl.   A
 substance of  a muco-saccharine nature, prepared
 by the Apis  mc/lifi'ca, or common bee,  which
 collects it from the nectaries of flowers.  Honey
 is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine.
 Itis demulcent and  aperient; and is prescribed
 as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris,
 Ac.   It is, at times, used as a detergent to foul
 ulcers.   Virgin Honey,  3Iel vir'ginum  seu tiir-
 gin'cum,  (F.) Mid  vierge, is that which flows
 from the wax spontaneously.
    Hill's Balsam of Honey is formed of balsam
 of tolu. Ibj, honey, Ibj, rectified spirit, one gallon.
 It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral.
   Honey  Water  is a  mixture of essences  co-
 loured with saffron.  A little  honey is added  to
 communicate a clamminess; the effect of which
 is to make  it retain the scent  the  longer.  It is
 used as a scent.
    Mel  Acetatum.  Oxymel — m. JEgyptineum,
 iEgyptiueum—m. Aerimn, Fraxinus ornus — m.
 Arundinaccum, Saccliarum.
    Mel  Bora'cis,  Mel  aubbora'cis, Colluto'rium
adstrin'gena, Linimen'tum de Bora'te, L. ad aph-
thae, 3Iel Boraxa'tum, Linctus de Bora'ce, L. ad
aphthas, Honey of Borax.  (Boracis contrit. gj,
mellis deapumati  gj,  Ph.  L.)  Detergent.   Ap-
plied to the mouth in  aphthous affections.
  Mel Can.ve, Saccharum (non purificatum) —
m. Coctum, Pelicide.
  Mel Despuma'tum,  Clar'ified  Honey, Ana-
phrom'eli, (F.) 3Iiel  Clarifle.  Melt the honey
in a water-bath, and remove the scum.  Uses the
same as honey.
  Mel Pra;pARA'tum,  Prepared Honey.  (3Icl.
deapumat. Oss. Alcohol, dilut.  Oj. Cretapraparat.
3"ss.  To  the  honey and diluted alcohol, mixed,
add the  prepared chalk, and let  the mixture
stand for two hours, occasionally stirring.  Then
heat to ebullition, filter, and by means of a water-
bath, evaporate the clear  liquor to the  specific
gravity 1.32.  Ph. U. S.)
   Mel Ros.e, 31el rosa'tum,  3Iclli'tum de Rosis,
Rhodom'eli, Rhodostac'ton, Honey of Roses, (F.)
3Iiel rosat, Mcllite de Rosea.   (Rosa gallic. 31J,
aqua bullient. f^xij,  mellis despum. f'3xx.   Ma-
cerate the roses in f 3" viij of boiling water for four
hours; press out as much fluid as possible and
set aside.  Macerate the residue in i 3*iv of boil-
ing water for half an hour,  and again express.
Reserve  f^iv of  the  first infusion; mix  the re-
mainder with the infusion last obtained ; add the
honey, and evaporate to a pint.   Lastly, add the
reserved infusion, and strain.  Ph. U. S.)  As-
tringent and detergent.  Used chiefly  in gargles
and washes for aphtha?, Ac.
   Mel Scillse, Oxymel scillse — m. Scillse com-
positum, Syrupus scillee compositus.
   Mel Vinosum, CEnomel — m. A'irginum,  see
Mel.
   MEL^E'NA, 3hianorrhag" ia, 3Ielanorrhag"ia,
Ic'terua niger, 3lelanchlo'rus, 3(elanic'terus, 3Ielas
Ic'terus, Morbus niger Hippoc'ratis, Enterorrhce'a,
Black Jaundice,  3Iorbus  niger,  (F.) 3Ialadie
noire,  3Ieline, letere noire; from /itlas, 'black.'
A name given to vomiting of black matter, ordi-
narily succeeded by  evacuations  of  the  same
character.  It seems to be often a variety of hse-
matemesis.   The Black Vomit in yellow fever is
owing to a morbid secretion from the lining mem-
brane  of the stomach and small intestine.  Me-
laena also signifies hemorrhage from  the intes-
tines; Fluxus sple'nicus,  Dysenter'ia sple'nica,
Dcjectio'nes  nigra, Seces'sus niger, Hem'orrlioge
from the Intes'tines.
   Melaena Fungosa Carcinodes, Hasmatodes
fungus.
   MEL.ENORRHAGIA, Melaena.
   MELALEU'CA  CAJAPUTI, 31. 31 inor  seu
Leucoden'dron,   3Iyrtus Leucaden'dron,  Lepto-
spermum Leucaden'drum.   This plant affords the
 Cajeput  Oil, (see Cajeput.)   The leaves are es-
teemed diuretic, stomachic, and emmenagogue.
   Melaleuca Leucodendro'n, M. Cajaputi —
m. Minor, M. Cajaputi.
   MELAMPHO'NUS:  from  pclas,  'obscure,'
and tpoivn, ' voice.'  Having a hoarse or indistinct
voice.
   MELAMPHYLLUM, Acanthus mollis.
   MELAMPODE, Helleborus niger.
   MELA M PODIUM, Helleborus niger.
   MELANJEMA, Suffocation.
   MELAN.EAIIA. Venosity.
   MEL'ANAGOGUE, .Vefanayo'gus, from pzlas,
 1 black,'  and  aym, ' I expel.'   A medicine which
 the ancients believed adapted for expelling black
 bile or melancholy.
   MELANCHLO'RUS, from ptlas, 'black,' and
xlupos, 'green.'   The  ancients gave  Uiis  name 
MELANCHOLE               548               MELIANTHUS
to certain dark-coloured topical remedies.  See
Melrena.
  MELANCHOLE. Atrabilis.
  MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy — m. Autochi-
rica,  Suicide — m.  Errabunda,  Cuttubuth — m.
Flatuosa, Hypochondriasis—m. Hypochondriaca,
Hypochondriasis — m.  Nervea, Hypochondriasis
— m. Pleonectica, see  Pleonectica — m. Saltans,
Chorea — m. Suicidium,  Suicide — m.  Uterina,
Nvniphomania—m. Zoanthropia, Melancholy.
  MEL'ANCIIOLIC, 3Idanchol'icua, 3Ielan'cho-
lus, 3Ielancho!o'dca, from pclas, 'black,' and X0X17,
'bile'  One  labouring under melancholy.  That
which belongs or  relates to  melancholy.   In
popular language, one  of a gloomy disposition.
   MELANCHOLINESS, Melancholy.
   MELANCTIOLODES, Melancholic.
   MELANCHOLUS, Melancholy.
   MEL'ANCIIOLY, Melancho'lia, same etymon.
Lypcmd nia, Ecphro'nia  3Ielancho'lia,  3Iania
Melancholica, 31ania 3Ielancho'lia,  Triatemdnia,
Baryth'inia,Hypolcpsioma'nia,Aiioe'sia adatric'ta,
Fixa'tio mononce'a, 3/elancholineaa; (F.) 31elan-
cholie, Lyperophrinie.  A disease supposed, by
the  ancients, to be caused by black bile.  A va-
riety of mental alienation, characterized by ex-
 cessive gloom, mistrust,  and  depression,  gene-
rally, with insanity on  one particular subject or
train of ideas,  3Ionoma'nia, 3Ionomo'ria.  Pano-
 pihobia,  Demonomania,  Erotomania,  Noatalgia,
 Ac, may be referred to this head.
   3Ielancholy is also used for unusual gloominess
 of disposition.
   Melancholy, Erotic, Erotomania—m. Love,
 Erotomania.
   MELAN'CIIRUS, 31elan'ochrua,  from  ptlas,
 ' black,' and Xfiws,  ' a colour.' One attacked with
 black jaundice.  It is  probably an abbreviation
 of Melanchlorus.
   3IELANCOLIE, Melancholy.
   31 FLANGE PECTORAL,  Mistura  acidi hy-
 drocyanici.
   MELANTC, 3lelan'icu8, Melanolic,  Melanol-
 icua; from  ptlas,  'black.'  Of or belonging to
 Melanosis;—as 3Ielanic deposit, a black colouring
 matter deposited from the  blood under special
 circumstances ;—see Melanosis.
   MELANIC  DEPOSIT, Melanosis.
   MELANICTERUS, Melaena.
   MELANOCHRUS,  Melanchrus.
   MELANOMA, Melanosis.
   Melanoma Pulmonum, see Melanosis.
   MELANOMA'CES,  Melanospongus.
   MELANOPATHPA, from ptlas, 'black,' and
  vaBos, 'affection.'  Ni'gritism, Nigril'ies.  A dis-
  ease of the skin, which consists in augmentation
  of black pigment; generally in patches.
   MELANOPHYMA, Ergot.
   MELANOPIPER,  Piper  nigrum.
   MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis.
   MELANORRHAGIA, Melaena.
   MELANORRHIZUM, Helleborus niger.
   31ELANOSE, Melanosis.
   MELANO'SIS, Melan'eis, 3Ielano'ma, Nigritu'-
  do,  Careino'ma  melanolicum,  Cancer mela'neua,
  Fungus  melano'dea,  (F.) Deginireacence  noire,
  3Ielanoae, Cancer melane, Black cancer, Black tu-
  bercle, from ptlas, 'black.'  An organic affection,
  in  which the tissue  of  the parts is converted,
  owing to a  melan'ic depoa'it, into a black, hard,
  homogeneous  substance, near which ulcers  or
  cavities form ;—owing to the softening, either of
  the substance itself,  or of  some other  morbid
  tissue, — of tubercles especially.  This  morbific
  change affects the lungs particularly;  when it is
  called Melano'aia seu 3Ieluno'ma seu Anthraco'aia
Pulmo'num, 3Ielanopneu'mon, A'igritu'do seu Car-
eino'ma melanot'icum seu 3Ielan'sis  Pulmonum,
Pneumonomelano'sis, (F.)  3!elanose Pulmonaire.
It is, also, met with in the liver and areolar tex-
ture.   Its causes  are very obscure.  Melanosis
of the lungs constitutes one  of the species  of
phthisis of Bayle;  but it is impossible to distin-
guish it from the other species during life.
  In the classification of Fuchs,  Melanoson
(G.) forms a family of diseases.
  Melanosis  Pulmonum, see  Melanosis — m.
Universalis, Venosity.
  MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo.
  MELANOSPON'GUS,  3Ielanomyces; from
ptlas,  'black,' and anoyyos, 'sponge.'   The tu-
beriform variety of melanosis of the lungs.
  MELANOTIC, Melanic —m. Cancer, Cancer,
melanotic.
  MEL'ANOTIIRIX, Atricapill us, from  ptlas,
'black,' and Spi!-, ' hair.'  Having black hair.
  MELANSIS,  Melanosis—m. Pulmonum, Me-
lanosis pulmonum.
  MELANTHIUM, Nigella, M. Virginicum.
  MeLAn'tiiium ArlRGIN'lCUM, Melanthium, Quo-
fadil; indigenous;  Order, Melanthacese, flower-
ing in July, is said to be a sure but severe remedy
for itch.
  MELAS,  Lepra nigricans — m. Icterus, Me-
lsena.
  MELAS'MA, Ecchymo'ma  3Idas'ma, Nigror,
from ptlas, ' black.'  A black spot  or ecchymosis,
occurring on the lower extremities of  old people
especially.  Also a cutaneous  affection analogous
to chloasma, differing from it only in the dark
colour of the morbid pigment.  It is also  called
Pityriasis nigra.
  MELAS'SES, 3Iolaa'aea,  Melua'tum, Theriaca
commu'nia,  Syru'piua empyreumal icus  seu niger,
 Treacle.  The syrup, which  remains  after  the
 juice  of the sugar-cane has been subjected to till
the operations for extracting  sugar  from  it. •  In
 the United  States, the syrup, made in the process
 of  forming common sugar,  is called mclasses;
 that  remaining  after the refinement  of  sugar
 being termed sugar-house melaaaea or treacle.
   Melasses Spirit, Rum.
   MELATROPH'IA, from ptlos, 'a  limb,'  and
 arpotpta, 'wasting.'  AVasting  of the limbs.
   MELCA, ptlna.   Food  made of  acidulated
 milk.
   MELE, Specillum.
   MELEA, Pyrus malus.
   MELEGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi.
   MELEI'OS, pnlttos, 3Iellnua, 31eliaa.  A  spe-
 cies of alum found in the island of Melos.
   3IELEZE, Pinus larix.
   MELI, Mel.
   MELIA, Fraxinus ornus.
   Me'lia  Azed'arach,  Azedardcha  amoe'na,
 Poiaon  Berry Tree, Azed'arach,  Pride of India,
 Pride of China, Pride tree, Hop  tree, Bead  tree.
 Nat.  Ord.  Meliaceae; Sex. Syat.  Decandria Mo-
 nogynia.   The bark of the root—called in India
 Areem Bark, Azedarach, (Ph. U.  S.), is usually
 given in decoction, in the proportion of  three or
 four  ounces  of the bark of  the  fresh root  to a
  quart of water, boiled down to a pint.  The dose
  is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two  or three
  hours, till purging is induced.  It is given in this
  manner as an  anthelmintic.  It  is  sometimes
  formed into an   ointment,  and  used  in tinea
  capitis.  The tree is a native of Syria,  Persia,
  and  the north of India, and is abundant in the
  southern states of the Union.
    Melia Terra, Creta.
    MELIAN'THUS MAJOR, Nat. Ord. Zygo-
  phyllese.  A south African plant, a decoction 0/ 
MELICERA
549
MELOCHITIS
whose leaves is a good external remedy in tinea
capitis,  crusta serpiginosa,  necrosis  and.  foul
ulcers.  It is  also useful as a gargle and lotion
in sore  throat and diseases of the gums.   The
bruised  leaves applied to ulcers promote granu-
lation.
  MELICERA, Porrigo favosa.
  MELICERIA, Hydrnrthrus, Porrigo favosa.
  MELICE'RIS, M't lifdrium, from pili, 'honey,'
and kijoos, 'wax.'  Emphy'ma encys'tis melice'ria.
An encysted  tumour  filled with a substance re-
sembling honey.   Also, Porrigo favosa.
  MELIC'EROUS, 31elicer'itoua : same etymon.
Having the characters of meliceris,—as a melice-
roua tumour.
  MEL1CERUM, Porrigo favosa.
  MELICIIEIUM, from pelt, 'honey,' and  xcu>,
' I  pour out.'  A honey-like discharge from an
ulcer.
  MELICRATUM, Hydromeli.
  ME LIE AVIUM, Meliceris, Porrigo favosa.
  MELIGEPON, from ptlt,  'honey.' A  fetid
humour of the consistence of honey, discharged
from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone.
  ME LI LOT, Trifolium melilotus.
  MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus.
  MELIME'LUM, from utlt, 'honey,' and unlov,
'an apple.'  A name given to two compounds:—
one of honey and quince, the other of honey and
apples.
  ME"LINE,  Melaena.
  MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas.
  MELI'NUM, unltvov.  The ancient name of an
ointment, and of several plasters, described by
Dioscorides and Galen: so  called from their re-
sembling the finlov, or quince, in colour.
  Melinum Sulphuricum, Cadmii sulphas.
  MELINUS, Meleios.
  MELIPHYLLUM,  Melissa.
  MELIS'SA, from ptliaea,  'a bee,' because  bees
gather  honey  from it.  3I'-lissa officina'lis seu
Roma'na seu hirsu'ta  seu cit'rina seu citrdta seu
horten'sis, Citra'go, Citra'ria, 3Ielitei'a, -Melissob'-
otos, Mclita'na, Melissobot'anum, 3Ielissophyl'lum,
3Ieliphyllum, 3lentha citra'ta, 3Ielit'tis,  Cedro-
nella,  Apias'trum, 3felissa cit'rina,  Ero'tion,
Balm,  (F.) 3/elisse,  La Citronelle;  Nat.  Ord.
Labiatae.  The leaves of balm, 3lelissa (Ph. U. S.),
have a pleasant odour; and an austere and  aro-
matic taste.   Balm was formerly much used in
nervous diseases, but is now only employed when
made into a tea, as a diluent, in febrile affections.
It is the basis of a celebrated preparation,—the
Eau des Carmes.
  Melissa Calamin'tha, Calamin'tha, C. vulga'-
ris  seu  officina'rum seu grandiflo'ra,  Thymus ca-
lamin'tha, Calamint, (F.) Calainent.   This plant
smells like  wild mint, though more agreeably.
It is used, popularly, as a tea in dyspepsia; fla-
tulent colic; hysteria; uterine obstructions,  Ac.
  Melissa  Canauiensis, Dracocephalum Cana-
riense—m. Citrata, Melissa—m.  Citrina, Melissa.
  Melissa Grandiflo'ra,  Thymusgrandiflo'rus,
Calamin'tha magno jiore, C. monta'na, 3Iountain
Calamint.   This  plant  resembles  the last in
virtues.
  Melissa  Hirsuta, Melissa—m.  Ilortensis,
Mcli-sa—m.  Hirmilis, Melittis melissophyllum.
  Melissa "Skp'eta,Thymus nep'eta seu multiflo-
rus, Calamin'tha An'glica seu Pulc'gii odo're seu
nep'eta  seu  parviflo'ra seu  tricholoma. Nep'eta
agrcs'tis,  Field  Calamint,   Spotted  Calamint.
Formerly used as an aromatic.
  M eliss a Pulegioides, Hedeoma—m. Romana,
Melissa—m. Tragi, Melittis  melissophyllum—m.
Turcica, Dracocephalum Canariense.
  MELISSE DESBOIS, Melittis melissophyl-
lum— m. de 3Ioldavic,  Dracocephalum Canari-
ense.
  MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa.
  MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa.
  MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis-
sophyllum.
  3IELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum.
  MELITiE'MIA, from ptli, ' honey,' and 'aipa,
'blood.'  A condition of the circulating fluid, in
which it contains an unusual quantity of saccha-
rine matter.
  MELIT^ENA, Melissa.
  3IELITAGRE, Impetigo.
  MELITEIA, Melissa.
  MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsieana.
  MELI'TIS, Inflamma'tio gena'rum; from unlov,
'the  cheek,' and itis,  denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the cheek.
  MELITITES, Hydromeli.
  MELITTA, Bee.
  MELITTIS,  Melissa.
  Melit'tis Mei.issophyl'lum, La'mium monta'-
num,  3Ielissa  hu'milia  seu  sylves'tris, 3Ielissa
 Tragi, La'mium Pliu'ii, 3Ielissophyllum, Bastard'
Balm, (F.) 3Ieliaae dea Boia, 31eliaaot.  This plant
was formerly employed, like the balm, in uterine
obstructions.
  Melittis Sylvestris, M. Melissophyllum.
  MELITURIA, Urine, diabetic, see Diabetes.
  MELI'TUS, 31ellltu8, from mcl, 'honey.'  Ap-
pertaining to honey.  Of the nature of honey.
  MELIZO'MUM, from ptli, 'honey,' and fapos,
'broth:' 3Iead, 3lclllna,  3Ietheg'lin.   A  drink
prepared with honey.
  MELLA'GO, from mcl, 'honey.'   Any medi-
cine  having the consistence of honey.  A fluid
extract.
  MELLICRATUM, Hydromeli.
  MELLIFAVIUM, Porrigo favosa.
  MELLINA, Melizomum.
  3IELLITE DE ROSES, Mel rosae.
  MELLI'TUM, from mel, 'honey.'   A prepared
honey :—a medicated honey.
  Mellitum  de  Acetate Cupri,  Linimentum
JEruginis.
  Mellitum de Mercuria'li Compos'itum,  (F.)
31 id de mercuriale compose, Syrop de longue de.
(Succ. purif. mercuriali8 Ibij, boraginia, anchusa
officinalis,  aa, Ibss, iris pseudacori radicis recent.
5ij, rad. sice, gentiana 3*j, mellis Ibiij, vini albi
3xiij.  Macerate the bruised  roots in the wine
for 24 hours; strain; mix the juices  and honey;
boil slightly, and filter:  then add the two liquors,
and  boil to the consistence of syrup.  Ph. P.)
Cathartic, stomachic, Ac.
  Mellitum de Rosis,  Mel rosse.
  Mellitum Simplex,  Syru'pus de 3Ielle, Syrup
of Honey.   (3lellia tbvj, aqua Riiss, carbonat.
calcis. praparat. 3*iij.  Mix the honey, water,
and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel: boil the
mixture, stirring,  at the same time,  for 2 or 3
minutes: then add prepared animal charcoal 5 v j,
firo whitea of eggs, mixed in a pint of water.   Mix
all, and boil to the consistence of syrup: remove
from the fire;  let the syrup rest for Vj minutes,
and pass through a cloth.  Ph. P.)   Demulcent.
  MELLITUS, Melitus.
  MELO-E'MIA, from ptlas, 'black,' and 'aipa,
'blood.'   A state  of blood,  characterized by its
incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic  pro-
perties.
  MELOCHI'TIS, Lapia Arme'niua, Armenltes,
Arme'nian Stone.   A variety  of blue carbonate
of copper.  It is  found in Germany,  the Tyrol,
and especially in Armenia.   It was formerly em- 
MELOE
550
MEMBRANE
ployed as a cardiac, and as proper for purging
away melancholy.
  MEL'OE NIGER, 31. Pennsylran'icus.  A blis-
tering fly, native of the United States.  It feeds
upon Prunella vulga'ris or Self-heal, and Am-
bro'sia trifida  or Stick-weed.  These  flies re-
semble the Spanish flies in  properties.
  Meloe Pennsylvanicus, M. niger. '
  Meloe  ProscaraBje'us,   Cantarel'lus,  was
anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hyhropho-
bic.
  Meloe Vesicatorius, Cantharis.
  MELON, pnlov,  'an apple.'  A disorder of the
eye, in which it protrudes out of the socket.  See
Exophthalmia.— Castelli.
  Melon, Cucumis melo—m.  d'Eau, Cucurbita
citrullus — m. Plant, Cucumis  melo—m. AVater,
Cucurbita citrullus.
  MELONGENA, Solanum melongena.
  MELOPLACUNTIUM, Meloplacus.
  MELOPLA'CUS, 3Ieloplacun'tium, from unlov,
' an apple,' ' a quince.'  A compound obtained by
boiling wine, honey, quince, pepper, Ac, together.
—Galen.
  MELOPLAS'TIC, 3Idoplas'Ucus;  from unlov,
' the cheek,'  and irlaaaui, ' I form.'  The opera-
tion for forming a new cheek when any  part of it
has been lost.
   MELOS, ptlos,  31embrum.   A  member.  An
organized part, composed of other parts. — Cas-
telli.
   MELO'SIS, Catheteris'mus, Cenembate'sis, from
pnln, 'a probe.'  The act  of  probing a wound,
ulcer, Ac.—Hippocrates.  Catheterism.
   MELOTHRUM, Bryonia alba.
   MELO'TIS, 3Ielo'tris,  Specil'lum  minus.   A
small probe, — a probe for the ear.  See Apyro-
mele.
   MELOTRIS, Melotis.
   MELTING, Fusion.
   MELUM,  pi/lov,  3Ialum.  An apple.  Fruit in
general.   Also,  a round,  firm  female  breast.
The cheek.   The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye; an
apple-formed projection of  the eye  from the
orbit.
   Melum Armeniacum, Prunus  armeniaca—m.
Cydonium, see Pyrus cydonia.
   MELUSTUM, Melasses.
   MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs.
   MEMBRANA, Membrane—m. Abdominis, Pe-
ritonaeum— m. Adiposa, Cellular membrane—m.
Adventitia, Decidua reflexa—m. Agnina, Amnios
—m. Amphiblestrodes, Retina—m. Arachnoidea,
Hyaloid membrane — m. Capsularis testis, Albu-
ginea— m. Carnosa,  Dartos — m. Cellulosa, Cel-
lular membrane — m. Cellulosa, Decidua—m. Ce-
rebri tenuis, Pia mater — m.  Cerebri mollis, Pia
mater — m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater — m. Cir-
 cumossalis, Periosteum — m. Communis, Decidua
 —m. Circumplexa, Pericardium — m.  Cordis, Pe-
ricardium— m. Costalis, Pleura—m.  Costas suc-
 cingens,  Pleura — m. Crassa,  Decidua reflexa —
 m. Cribrosa, Decidua—m. Cuticularis, Dura ma-
 ter— m. Decidua serotina, see Decidua—m. De-
 muriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea — m.
 Dentata, Denticulatum ligamentum — m. Derma-
 todes, Dura  mater—m. Descemetii, see Aqueous
 humour, and Cornea—m. Diaphratton,  Mediasti-
 num—m. Dura cerebrum ambiens, Dura mater—
 ni.  Epicrania, Galea aponeurotic^  capitis — m.
 Externa dentium, Tapetum alveoli—m. Farcimi-
 nalis, Allantois—m. Fenestra?, rotundas, see Fe-
 nestra— m.  Filamentosa,  Decidua reflexa — m.
 Flocculenta,  Decidua — m.  Fcetum involvens,
 Amnios.
   Membra'na GrAnulo'sa, Gran'ular membrane,
(F.)  3Iembrane  granuleuae,  Couche  celluleuse
(Coste).   A layer of yellow, granular matter,
which lines the inner layer of tho Graafian follicle.
  Membrana  Interspinai.is, Interspinal liga-
ment— m. Intestinalis,  Allantois — m. Linguae,
see Tongue — m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gastro-
hepatic — m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane —
m. Nervorum,  Neurilema—m. Nictitans, Aalvula
semilunaris — m. Olfactoria, Pituitary membrano
— m. Ossis, Periosteum — ni. Ovi  matcrna,  De-
cidua— m.  Ovuli  corticalis,  Oiocalymma — m.
Pellucida, Amnios—m. Pinguedinosa, see Cellular
membrane—m. Pinguis  intestinorum, Mesentery
— m. Pituitaria, Pituitary membrane, see Mem-
brane— m. Pituitosa, see Membrane — m. Pleu-
retica,  Pleura — ni. Prseexistens,  Decidua — m.
Propria, Basement membrane, and Folliculi Graa-
fiani, see  Cortex ovi — m. Pupillaris,  Pupillary
membrane.
  Membra'na Putam'inis, (putamen, 'a shell or
husk.') The membrane adherent to the inner
surface of the eggshell.
  Membrana  Retiformis  Ciiorii, Decidua re-
flexa—m. Ruyschiana, Choroid (inner layer.)
  Membrana  Sacciform'is.  A separate synovial
membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula-
tion, which covers the upper  surface of the trian-
gular ligament, and the  sort of incomplete  ring
which  circumscribes the head of the ulna.
  Membrana  Semipellucida, Caligo — m. Sinu-
osa, Decidua—m. Subcostalis, Pleura — m.  Suc-
cingens, Diaphragm, Pleura.
  Membrana Testas, Shell membrane. The mem-
brane  that lines' the shell of the bird's egg: —
a simple membrane.
  Membrana  Thoracem Intersepiens,  Media-
stinum—m. Tympani, see Tympanum—m. Tym-
pani secundaria, see Fenestra—m. Urinaria, Al-
lantois— m. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua—m.
Uvea,  Uvea—m. Vasculosa cerebri,  Pia mater—
m. Verricularis, Retina.
  Membra'na  Versic'olor.  A peculiar mem-
brane— according to Mr. Fielding, of  Hull —
situate immediately behind  the retina,  and in
connexion with  it.   It is separable  into distinct
layers from the  choroid, and is  supplied  with
blood-vessels.
   Membrana Wachendorfiana, Pupillary mem-
brane.
   MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous.
   MEMBRANE,  3Iembrdna,  Hymen, 3Ieninx,
Epen'dyma.   A name, given  to different thin or-
gans, representing a species of supple, more or less
elastic, webs; varying in their structure and  vital
properties, and intended, in general, to absorb or
secrete certain fluids; and to separate, envelop,
and form  other organs.   Bichat has divided the
membranes into simple and compound.
   Simple membranes comprise three orders.  1. A
Mucoua membrane, 3Iembrana mucoaa  seu pitui-
to'sa seu pituitdria, Phleg'mymen, Phlegmat'hy-
men, 3Iembrane folliculeuse (Ch.), is so called, on
account of the mucous fluid by which they are
constantly lubricated.   They line the canals, ca-
vities,  and hollow organs,  which communicate
externally by different  apertures on  the   skin.
Bichat refers the mucous membranes to two great
divisions—the gastro-pnlmonary, and the genito-
urinary.  The mucous membranes have a striking
analogy with  the  cutaneous  tissue,  in organiza-
tion, functions, and diseases. They are composed
of chorion, papillae, and epidermis;  and are fur-
nished with a multitude of follicles, which secrete
a viscid humour—mucus.  They receive a quan-
 tity of arterial vessels, veins,  lymphatics, and
 nerves.   2. The Serous membranes, 31. villeuses
 simplea (Ch.), are transparent, thin, and composed
 of one lamina. One surface adheres  to other tex- 
ME3IBRANE
551
MENECRATIS
 ures; the other is smooth, polished, and mois-
tened by a serous fluid.  They are arranged — in
the form of sacs without apertures — as great, in-
termediate reservoirs  for the exhalant and  ab-
sorbent  systems,  in  which the,serous fluid in
passing from one system tarries some  time before
it enters  the  other.  The  serous membranes re-
semble the areolar membrane in structure and
diseases.   They facilitate the motion  on each
other  of the  organs which they envelop.   They
may be  divided into  (a) Serous membranes, pro-
perly so called; as the arachnoid, pleura, perito-
neum, and tunica vaginalis,   (b) Synovial mem-
branea or  capsules-; which belong to  joints, ten-
dons,  aponeuroses,  Ac. These membranes—mu-
cous and serous—are constituted of similar layers
— epithelium, basement  membrane,  condensed
areolar tissue; and a looser form of  areolar tis-
sue, termed submucous in one case, — subeeroua in
 the other.  3. Fibrous membranes, Membranes albu-
gineuscs (Ch.)  These are  almost all  continuous,
and terminate at the periosteum — their common
centre.  They have been  divided into  two sec-
tions.  1. Enveloping aponeuroses, Aponeuroses of
insertion, Fibrous capsules of the joints, and Fi-
brous  sheaths of tendons. 2. The Periosteum, Dura
mater, Sclerotica, Tunica albuginea teetia, Fibrous
membrane of  the spleen, Ac.   The fibrous mem-
branes are not free or moistened  by any particu-
lar  fluid.  They adhere by both  surfaces to the
neighbouring   parts;  are  firm,   resisting,   but
slightly elastic, and of a white colour; sometimes
pearly and glistening.  Their vessels are nume-
rous, in some, as in  the dura mater and peri-
osteum ; in others, scarcely perceptible,  as in the
aponeuroses.  The presence of nerves has never
been proved, although several circumstances, re-
garding  their sensibility, render  their existence
probable.  The  fibrous membranes serve, in ge-
neral,  to augment the solidity of the organs which
they envelop; to retain the muscles  in their re-
spective positions; to  favour  the motion  of the
limbs, and that of the muscles and skin ; to form
canals and rings for  the passage of  different
organs, Ac.
   Bichat admits three species of Compound 3Iem-
branea.  1. The Sero-flbroua, formed of a serous
and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent to each
other; — as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu-
nica albuginea.  2. The Sero-mucous,  formed of
a serous and mucous lamina ;—as the gall-bladder
at its  lower part.  3.  The Fibro-mncons, consti-
tuted of the union of a fibrous and mucous mem-
brane; as the mucous membrane of the nasalfosaa,
gums, Ac.  Chaussier admits six  kinds  of mem-
branes.  1. The laminated.  See Cellular Tissue.
2. The aeroua or simple villous.  3. The follicular
or complicated villous.  4. The muscular or fleshy.
5. The albugineous.   6. The albuminous.
  Membrane, Accidental, M. false — m. Acci-
dentelle,  M. false — m.  Adnee,  Conjunctiva — in.
Adventitious, M. false — m. Anhistous, Decidua.
  Membrane, Basement,  Primary  membrane,
3Iembra'na pro'pri a.   A delicate, structureless
lamella of membrane found beneath the epidermis
or epithelium,  on all the free surfaces of the body.
  MEMBRANE CADUQUE, Decidua—m. Ca-
duque riflichie, Decidua reflexa—m. de Demon ra,
see Aqueous Humour,  and Cornea—in. de Dea-
cemet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea.
  Membrane,  False, Accidental  membrane, Ad-
ventit"iou8 membrane, Paeudo-membrane,Paeud'y-
men, Pseudome'ninx, (F.) Pousse membrane, 31. ac-
cidcntelle.  Membranous productions, which form
on all  the  free natural surfaces,  and on  every
free  accidental  surface are  so  called.   They
are, in  general, produced by the exudation of a
fibrinous  matter,  susceptible of organization,
which takes place in consequence of inflammation
of the various tissues.  These  accidental mem-
branes occur on the skin after the application of
a blister; on mucous surfaces, as in croup; on
the parietes of inflamed veins  and arteries, Ac.
The cicatrices of wounds are formed of them.
  31E3IBRANE FAUSSE,  Membrane  false —
m.  Germinal, see Molecule — m. Granular, Mem-
brana  granulosa — m.  Granuleuse,   Membrana
granulosa — m.  Primary, Membrane,  basement
— m. Pseudo, M. false — m.  Hyaloid, see  Hya-
loid membrane — m.  Ruyschieune, Choroid (in-
ner layer), Ruyschiana tunica—m. Shell, Mem-
brana testae — m. du Tympan, see Tympanum —
m. Alrginal, Hymen — m. Vitellary,  Zona pellu-
cida—m.  Vitelline, Zona pellucida.
  ME3IBRANES  ALBUGINEUSES,  Mem-
branes, fibrous, see Albuginea—m. Folliculeusea,
Membranes, mucous—m. Velontees, A'illous mem-
branes—m.  Villeuses simples, Membranes, serous.
  Membranes of the Fcetus, 3Icmbrdna foetum
inrolren'tes, Velamen'ta infan'tis. The membranes
which immediately envelop the foetus in the ca-
vity of the uterus, and the rupture of  which gives
rise to the discharge of the liquor amnii.  These
membranes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion.
  3IE3IBRANEUN, Membranous.
  MEMBRANTFORM, 31embraniform'is,  from
membrana, and forma ;—resembling a membrane.
A name  given  to thin  and flat parts, which re-
semble membranes.
  Mlmhraniform Muscles.   Very  broad  and
thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus
abdominis, Ac.
  MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle.
  MEM'BRANOUS, 3Iembrano'sua, 3lembrana'-
ceus, Hymeno'des, (F.) 3Iembraneux.  Having the
nature of membrane.  Formed  of membrane.
  MEMBRANULA, Hymenium—m. Coronse ci-
liaris, see Ciliary—m. Lunata vaginae, Hymen—
m. Nervorum, Neurilema — in.  Semilunaris con-
junctivae, A'alvula semilunaris.
  MEM'BRANULE, -Membran'ula, diminutive of
membrana, ' a membrane.'  A small membrane.
  3/E3IBRE, Membrum — m.  Viril,  Penis.
  MEMBRO'SUS, 3Iembro'sior, Slentuldttts, 3Iu-
tonia'tus, A'asa'tus,  valde  3Ientula'tus,  Fascino'-
su8, Psolon, from membrum, 'the male  organ.'
One whose penis is very large.
  MEMBRUM, Artua,  3Ielos,  Colon, a  limb,  a
member,  (F.) 31embre.   The limbs  or extremities
or members  of animals are certain  parts exterior
to the body, which are more  or less  apparent,
long,  and moveable.   It  is by means of  their
limbs,  that  animals transport  themselves  from
one place to another; and that they defend them-
selves, or attack others. The limbs are arranged
on each  side of the  trunk, with which they are
articulated.   In  man, they are  four in number :
—two upper or thoracic, and two lower, pelvic or
abdominal.  Also, the male organ.
  Membrum Genitale A irorum, Penis—m. Mu-
liebre, Clitoris—m. Seminale, Penis — m. AIfile
Penis.
  MEMOIRE. Memory—m.  Perte de, Amnesia.
  MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia.
  MEM'ORY, 3Iemo'ria,  3Ineme,  Hypomne'ais
Recorddtio, Recorda'tus, (F.) Memoire.  The ce-
rebral faculty, by virtue of which past impressions
are  recalled to the mind.
  MEMPHPTES LAPIS. A sort of stone, found
in the environs of Memphis; which was formerly
esteemed narcotic.
  MEN A GOG PES. Emmenagogues.
  MENDESION, .Egyptiacum.
  MENE. Moon.
  MENECRATIS ACCIPITER, Accipiter. 
MENES
  MENES, Menses.
  MENESPAUSIE, see Menses.
  MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus.
  MENINGARTHROC'ACE,-/ji/rtww«'fi'omeni-
brandrum articulatio'nis, Arthromeningi'tis, from
Kijwy^, ' membrane,' apdpov, ' a joint,' and kukos,
'disease.'  Inflammation of the membranes of a
jointv
  3ILNINGE, Dura mater.
  3IENINGE, Meningeal.
  MENIN'GEAL, 3Icnin'geus, from /"ii'iyf, 'a
membrane.'  (F.) 31eninge.  Relating to the me-
ninges, or merely to the dura mater.
  Meningeal Apoplexy, see Apoplexy.
  Meningeal Artery, Middle, Arte'ria menin'-
gea me'dia, A. Sphano-spino'sa, A. Dura -Vatris
me'dia max'ima, A. Sphano-spina'lis, Spinal Ar-
tery, (F.) Artere miningie moyenne,  A. Sphino-
epineuse, A.  Epineuse, is the largest  of the
branches given  off by the  internal maxillary
artery.  It enters the  cranium by the foramen
spinale, and  distributes its  branches chiefly to
the dura mater.  '
  Meningeal Vessels,  Vasa menin'gea.   The
vessels of the membranes of the brain.
  MENIN'GES, Eilam'ides, 31atres seu Involtl-
cra Cer'ebri, Omen'ta seu Velameilta cerebrdlia,
from pnvtyZ, 'a membrane.'  The three membranes
which envelop the brain—Dura mater, Arachnoid,
and Pia mater.
  3IENINGETTE, Pia mater.
  MEN INGI'NA, (F.) 3leningine.  Same etymon.
A  name given by Chaussier to the  pia mater,
united to the  cerebral layer of the  arachnoid.
  Meningina, Inner Lamina of the, Pia mater.
  3IENINGINE, Meningina.
  MENINGINI'TIS,  from meningina,  and itis,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the me-
ningina.
  MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane.
  MENINGES CUSTOS, Meningophylax.
  31ENINGITE, Meningitis — m.  Granuleuse,
Hydrocephalus internus — m. Rachidicune,  Me-
ningitis, spinal — m. Tuberculeuae, Hydrocepha-
lus internus.
  MENINGI'TIS, Encephalitis peripher'ica, E.
membrano'sa,  (F.) Inflammation de la membrane
sereuae ciphalo-rachidienne, 3Ieningit.e.  Inflam-
mation of the meninges or membranes of the
brain.  See Phrenitis.
  Meningitis Arthritica, Cephalagra — m. In-
fantum, Hydrocephalus internus — m. Membra-
nosa, M. spinal.
  Meningi'tis Mesencephal'ica.  Inflammation
of the meninges of the medulla  oblongata and
pons varolii more especially.
  Meningitis Peripherica, M. spinal — m. Po-
tatorum, Delirium tremens — m. Rachidian, M.
spinal.
  Meningitis, Spinal,  31. Rachidian, 31. Spi-
na'lia seu peripher'ica seu membrano'aa, Perimye-
litis, (F.) 3Ieningite rachidienne.  Inflammation
of the meninges  of the spinal marrow.
  Meningitis, Tubercular, see Hydrocephalus
internus — m. Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  MENIN'GIUM.   Diminutive of /iijwyf, 'a
membrane.'   A  fine,  delicate membrane.   The
tunica arachnoidea of the brain.
  M E NIN G 0 - CEPHALI'TIS,  Meningo-ence-
phalltia,  Ceph'alo-meningltia,  from pnntyi, 'a
membrane,' Kttpaln, ' head,' and itia, a suffix de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the  mem-
branes and brain.
  MENINGOGASTRITIS,  Fever, gastric.
   MENINGOMALA'CIA,  from  pnviyi, 'mem-
MENORRHAGIA
brane,' and  palaKta, 'softening.'  Softening of
membranes in general.
  MENINGOPIFYLAX- Cnstoa menin'gia,  De-
presso'rium, (P.) Depreaaoire,  from  piwyf, ''»
membrane,'  the dura mater;  and tpvlu!;, 'a  pre-
server.'   An instrument for depressing the dura
mater, and guarding it from injury, whilst the
bone is cut or rasped.
  MENINGORRHCE'A, from pnviyl, 'membrane,'
and pttii, ' I flow.'  Effusion of blood upon or be-
tween the membranes of the brain.
  MENINGO'SIS.  Same etymon.   The union
of bones  by means of membrane; e. g. the  arti-
culation of the bones of the cranium in the foetus.
Meningosis is a variety of Syndesmosis.
  MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS;  from unviyl;, 'mem-
brane,' and avptpvats, 'growing together.'   Adhe-
sion of or by membrane.  Adhesion of the mem-
branes of the brain to each other, or to the brain.
  MENINX,  Membrane — m. Choroides,  Pia
mater—m. Crassa, Dura mater—m. Dura, Dura
mater — m.  Exterior, Dura mater — m. Interior,
Pia mater—m. Media, Arachnoid membrane—m.
Pacheia, Dura mater — m. Sclera, Dura mater.
  MENISCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea.
  MENISPERMUM ANGULATUM, M. Cana-
dense.
  Mexisperm'um Canaden'se,  31.  angulaHum,
from  pnvn, ' the moon,' and  airtp/ia,  ' seed.' A
climbing  plant, growing in various parts of the
United States.  Said to be used in A'irginia  as a
substitute for sarsaparilla in  scrofula.  It is an
excitant tonic.
  Menisper'mum Coc'culus, 31. glaucum, Ana-
mir'ta Coc'culua, A. paniculdta, Coc'culus sube-
ro'sus, so called  from  the  shape of its seed.
Family Menispermeae.   Sex.  Syst.   Dicecia  Do-
decandria.   The systematic name of the plant,
the berries of which are well known by the name
of Coc'culus In'dieus,  Indian  Berries,  Baeca
Piscato'ria,  Coc'culus aubero'sua, Indian  Cockles,
Coccus In'dieus, Coccula officindrum, Cocci  ori-
enta'les, Grana Orien'tis, (F.) Coque  du  Levant,
Coque levant.  These berries are remarkable for
their inebriating and destructive quality to  fish.
The deleterious principle appears to reside in the
kernel, and  in the active principle called Picro-
tox'ine.   Cocculus Indicus has been  used in de-
coction to kill vermin.   It has, at  times, been
added to  beer, by fraudulent tradesmen, to render
it more inebriating.
  Menispermum Glaucum, M. cocculus—m.  Pal-
matum, Calumba.
  Menisper'mum Tuberculatum, 31. Verruco'-
sum, Coc'culua criapua.   A Chinese plant, an ex-
tract from the root of which is tonic  to  the  sto-
mach and bowels,  and possesses some astrin-
gency.  Dose, 5 to 10 grains.
  The same may be said of  3Ieniaper'mum  cor-
difo'lium — the Goluncha, of  Bengal.
  Menispermum Verrucosum, M. tuberculatum.
  MENOCRYPHIA, Amenorrhoea.
  MENOLIPSIS, see Menses.
  MENOPAUSIS, see  Menses.
  MENOPHANIA, see Menses.
  MENOPLANIA,  Menstruation, vicarious.
  MENORRHAGIA, from unv, 'a month," and
pnyvvpt, ' I flow fiercely.'  Flow of the  menses.
Frequently, the word is used synonymously  with
uterine hemorrhage or  metrorrhagia, or for im-
moderate flow of the menses—profuae menatrua-
tion,  Parame'nia auper'jlua, P. profu'aa, 3Ienor-
rhag"ia rubra, Catamenio'rum fluxua immod'icua,
3Icnat£ua immod'ica, 31. auper flua, Menorrha'a.
  Menorrhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia—
m. Alba, Leucorrhoea — m. Difficilis, Dysmenor-
rhea—m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous—m.
Stillatitia, Dysmenorrhoea.
55 
MENORRHCEA •             553                 MENTAL
  MENORRHCE'A, from pny, 'month,' and pm,
' I flow.'   Too long continuing,  or too often re-
turning, menstruation.  Also, menorrhagia.
  MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea.
  MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhoea.
  MENOS'TASIS, from pnv, 'month,' and araais,
'stasis,' 'stagnation.'  This word, according to
some, signifies  the retention of  the menses and
their accumulation in the uterus.  According to
others, it means the  acute  pain which, in some
females, precedes each appearance of the menses:
a pain which has been presumed to proceed from
the stasis of blood in  the capillary vessels of the
uterus.
   MENOXEN'IA,  3Tenoxeno'aia,  from pnv, 'a
month,'  and  1-tvos,  ' foreign.'   Irregular  men-
struation.
   MENOXENOSIS,  Menoxenia.
   MENS, Anima, Intellect.
   MENS A, 'a  table.'   The upper superficial part
of the jaw teeth.
   MENSES, (Mensia, 'a month;') 31. 3Iulie'brea,
3Iulie'bria,  Meiiea, Fluxus men'atruua, F. luna'ria,
Pro'fluvium mulie'bre, P. genildle muliebre, Con-
suet tt'do  menatrua,  Catame'nia,  3Ieu'atrua,  Em-
me'nia, Tribu'tum lundre seu men'atmum, Pur-
gtttio'nea, P.  menatrua,  Gyuacela,  Aphedrla,
Curau8 men'atruua, Hora'a, Luna'ria, Couraea,
3Ienatrual flux, Monthly  couraea, 31. period8,
Flowers,  Tuma,  Terms,  the Reds,  Troubles, (F.)
3Tois,  Rigles, Lunea,  Flueura, Affaires, Epoques,
Ordinairea, Purgations, Flettrs,  3Icnstrues.  The
Banguineous evacuation from the uterus, Sanguis
menstruus, the monthly  occurrence of which con-
stitutes menstruation.   The first appearance of
the menses — menophdnia — is usually preceded
by the discharge of a fluid  whitish matter from
the vagina;  by  nervous excitement, and by vague
pains  and heaviness  in the loins  and  thighs;
numbness of the limbs, tumefaction  and  hard-
ness of the  breasts, Ac.  More or  less indisposi-
tion and  irritability also precede each successive
recurrence of the menstrual flux.   In temperate
climates,  each  period ordinarily continues from
three to six days; and  the quantity lost varies
from four to eight ounces.   The  menses continue
to flow from the period  of puberty till the age of
45 or 50.  At the term  of its natural cessation,
3lenolip'sis, 3Ienespausie (Gardanne,) 3Ienopail-
eis, the flux becomes irregular;  and this irregu-
larity  is  occasionally accompanied  with  symp-
toms  of dropsy, glandular tumours, Ac,  consti-
tuting the Parame'nia  cessatio'nis of Good, and
what is called  the critical  time or turn of life;
yet it  does  not appear that the mortality is in-
creased by  it.   AVith the immediate  causes of
menstruation we are unacquainted.  AVe express
only our ignorance, when we assert it to depend
upon periodicity ; the discharge  «omes from  the
vessels of the uterus and vagina, and differs from
ordinary blood by its peculiar odour, and by its
not coagulating.  It is  evidently connected with
the condition of the  ovaries, and  appears to be
connected with the periodical discharge of ova
from them.  It is arrested, as a general principle,
during pregnancy and  lactation.  In  warm  cli-
mates, women usually begin to menstruate early,
and cease sooner than in the temperate regions.
The quantity lost is also greater.  In the colder
regions, the reverse of  this holds as a  general
rule.
   Menses  Albi, Leucorrhoea — m. Anomalae,
Paramenia — m. Devii,  Menstruation, vicarious
— m. Dolorifici, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Retention
of the, see Amenorrhoea—m. Suppression of the,
Amenorrhoea.
   MENSIUM RETENTIO, see  Amenorrhoea.
  MENSTRUA, Menses—m. Alba, Leueorrhcea
— m. Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhoea — m. Dolorosa,
Dysmenorrhea—m. Immodica, Menorrhagia —
m. Superllua, Menorrhagia.
  MENSTRUAL, Catamenial—m. Flux, Menses
  MENSTRUANT, Men'struans, from menatrua,
'the eatamenia.'  One subject to the catamenia.
  MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA,  Paramenia —
m. Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea—m. Dolorifica, Dys-
menorrhea—m. Impedita, see Amenorrhoea—m.
Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious.
  Menstrua'tio Recidi'va. Menstruation, when
protracted beyond the usual age.
  Menstruatio Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para-
menia— m. Suppressa, Amenorrhoea, Paramenia.
  MENSTRUA'TION,  3Ienatrudtio,  Chronogu'-
nea, Menorrhag"ia,  Fluxus menstrua'li8.   The
flow of the menses.
  MENSTR UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysmenor-
rhoea— m.  Difficult, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Labo-
rious, Dysmenorrhoea—m. Profuse, Menorrhagia.
   Menstruation, A^ica'rious,  is that which oc-
curs from other parts  than the uterus.   It is
called  Parame'nia erro'ria,  3Ienorrhag"ia erro'-
nea, 3Ienaium per ulie'na loca excre'tio, Menses
de'vii,  Aberra'tio men'sium seu  menstruo'rum,
3Ienstrudtio per insolitas vias,  Hamatopla'nia
seu Hamopldnia menstrua'lis,  3Ienopldnia, (F.)
 Deviation  des Regies, Regies dedees.  At times,
the secreted fluid has all the  characters  of the
menstrual  secretion;  at others, it appears  to bs
mere blood.
  3IENSTRUEL, Catamenial.
   3IENSTRUES, Menses.
  MENSTRUOUS,  Catamenial.   Also, one af-
fected  with the menses or catamenia.
  MEN'STRUUM,  (F.) Menstrue.   Same  ety-
mon;— the  menstruum being, of old, usually
continued in action for a month.  This name was
formerly given  to every substance which  pos-
sesses  the  property of  dissolving others  slowly
and with the aid of heat.  At  present, it is used
synonymously with solvent.  Thus — water, alco-
hol, ether, acids, oils, Ac, are  menstrua.
   Menstruum Auri,  Nitro-muriatic acid — m.
Ventriculi, Gastric juice.
   MENSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A measure  of 48
ounces.
   MENSURA'TION,  3Ieta'tio,  from mensura,
'measure.'   3Ieasurement,  3Iedical meas'uring.
One of the means used for exploring the state of
the thoracic  and other cavities.  It consists in a
comparative measurement of  each side  of the
chest,  by means of a riband extended from the
median line of the sternum to the spine.   When
effusion exists on one side, the measurement is
usually greater than on the other.  When, on the
other hand, a portion of a lung has ceased, for
some time, to exert its respiratory functions, the
corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller,
in consequence of the contraction of the pleura,
retraction  of the pulmonary tissue, and greater
approximation of the ribs.
   MENTA, Mentha, Penis.
  MENTAGRA, Mentulagra,  Sycosis —m. In-
fantum, Porrigo lupinosa.
  MEN'TAGRAPHYTE, 3Ien'tagrophyte, from
mentagra,  and tpvrov,  'a plant.'  A  name  pro-
posed by AL Gruby, of Vienna,  for a cryptogamie
plant,  which he found in the  eruption of men-
tagra.
   MENTAL, 3Ienta'lis,  from  mens, 'mind;' be-
longing or relating to the  mind, as mental phe-
nomena, mental diaeaaea (3Iorbi menta'lea,) Ac.
  In Anatomy,  Mental,  Mentdlis,  (F.) 3Ienton-
nier, signifies that which  relates to the  chin;
from mentum, 'the chin.'
  Mental  Ar'tery, (F.) Artere  mentonnilre. 
MENTHA                 554               MERCURE
This is given off by the inferior dental, and issues
at the mental foramen to be distributed on the
lower lip.
  Mental Fora'men, (F.)  Trou mentonnier, An-
te'rior maxillary F.,  is the outer orifice of the
inferior dental  canal.  It is situate on the outer
surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the second
incisor, or the canine tooth, and gives passage to
the vessels and nerves.
  Mental Fossa, see Fossa, mental.
  Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf  mentonnier, is fur-
nished by the inferior dental nerve.  It issues by
the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume-
rous filaments, to the muscles  of the lower lip.
  Mental Region, Re'gio mentdlis.  The region
of the chin.
  MENTHA  seu  MENTA AQUATTCA, Men-
tha a'trum, Siaym'brium menthastrum, 3Ientha pa-
lus'tris  seu hirsu'ta  seu  rotundifo'lia palus'tris,
Bal'samus  palus'tris,  Watermint, (F.)  3Ienthe
aquatique, 31. rouge.  Nat. Ord. Labiatae.   This is
less  agreeable than the 3Ientha viridis, and more
bitter and pungent.  It is used like spearmint.
  Mentha Balsamea, AL piperita.
   Mentha Capen'sis, which grows  at the Cape
of Good Hope, possesses the  medical properties
of the mints.
  Mentha Cervi'na, Hart's pennyroyal,  Hyssop-
leaved mint, Pule'gium  cervlnum, (F.)  3lenthe
cervine.   Possesses the properties of pennyroyal,
but is very unpleasant
   Mentha Citrata, Melissa.
   Mentha  Crispa, 31. hercyn'ica, Colymbif'era
minor, Curled 3Iint, (F.) 3Ienthe frissee, Menihe
crepue, Baume d'eau dfeuilles ride.es.  Possesses
the  properties of peppermint.
   Mentha Gentilis, M. viridis — m. Hercynica,
MI crispa—m. Hirsuta, M.  Aquatica—m. Laevi-
gata, M. viridis — m. Officinalis,  M. piperita —
m. Palustris, M. Aquatica.
   Mentha Piperi'ta, 3Ientha Piperi'tis  seu offi-
cina'lis  seu  balsame'a, Peppermint,  (F.) 3Ienthe
poicree.  The odour of this variety is strong and
agreeable.  Taste, pungent, aromatic, and pro-
ducing a  sensation  of  coldness in the mouth.
Virtues depend upon essential oil and camphor.
It is stomachic and  carminative.  It is chiefly
used in the form of essential oil—the oleum men-
tha piperita.
   Essence of Peppermint consists of ol. mentha
 pip. 3"ij, sp. vin. rectifl, coloured with spinach
leaves, Oij.  See Tinctura olei menthae piperitae.
   Mentha Pule'gium,  Pulegium, Pulegium  re-
ga'le, Pulegium latifo'lium, Glechon, Pennyroyal,
Pudding grass, (F.) Pouliot.   The  oil — O'leum
 pule'gii — possesses the virtues of the plant.  It
resembles the  mints in general in properties.
 Amongst the vulgar, it. is esteemed  an emmena-
gogue.
   Mentha Romana, Balsamita suaveolens,  Ta-
 nacetum balsamita — m. Rotundifolia palustris,
 M.  aquatica — m. Saracenica, Balsamita suave-
 olens, Tanacetum balsamita — m. Sativa, M. vi-
 ridis— m. Spicata, M. viridis.
   Mentha Vir'idis,  31. Sativa seu vulga'ris seu
 genti'li8  seu spica'ta seu laviga'ta, Spearmint,
 (F.) 3Ienthe aauvage, Baume des jardins, 3Ienthe
 verte, 3Ientht> des jardins.   Odour strong, aroma-
 tie; taste, warm,  austere, bitterish.   Virtues  the
 s&me  as those of the  peppermint.  The  Oleum
 mentha viridis is  obtained from it.
   Mentha AruLGARis, M. viridis.
   MENTHASTRUM, Mentha aquatica.
   MENTHE  AQUATIQUE, Mentha-  aquatica
 — m. Cervine, Mentha cervina — m. Coq, Tana-
 cetum  balsamita — m.  Crepue, Mentha  crispa —
 m.  Frissee,  Mentha  crispa — »i.  dea Jardins —
 Mentha viridis — m. Poivree, Mentha piperita —
m. Rouge, Mentha aquatica—in. Sauvage, Mentha
viridis—m. Verte, Mentha viridis.
  MENTIGO, Porrigo larvalis, Sycosis.
  3IENTISME, from 7ii«n«, mentis, 'mind.' Any
irregular movement of tho mind, whether from
emotion or a vivid imagination.— Baumes.
  MENTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides.
  MENTO-LABIAL,31: nto-labidlis.  Under this
name Chaussier  has united the Levator labii In-
ferioris, and Quadratus  muscles.  See Depressor
labii inferioris.
  Mento-labial Furrow : a transverse depres-
sion situate between the lower  lip and the chin,
which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc-
tion of the hairs growing upon it.
  3IENTON, Mentum.
  3IENTONNIER, Mental—to. Labial, Depres-
sor labii inferioris.
  31ENTONNIERE, see Funda.
  MENTULA,  Penis — m. Muliebris, Cercosis,
Clitoris — m. Parva, Pipinna.
  MEN'TULAGRA, 3Ieu'tagra.  A hybrid word,
from mentula, 'the penis,' and aypa,  'a seizure.'
A convulsive erection  of the  mentula or penis;
such as is  said to be sometimes observed in  eu-
nuchs.   See Pudendagra.
  MENTULATUS, Membrosus.
  MENTUM, Genei'on, Geni'um, Anthe'reon, 'the
chin.'   (F.) Menton.   The inferior and middle
part of the face, situate below the lower lip.  The
chin  is formed  of  skin, areolar tissue,  mnscles,
vessels/ nerves, and the os maxillare inferius.
  MENYAN'THES  TRIFOLIA'TA, 3Iinyan'-
thee,  Trifo'lium paludo'sum seu  aqualicum  sen
palus'tre seu fibri'num, 3Ievyan'thes, Water  tre-
foil, Buckbean,  Bogbean.  Nat. Ord.  Gentianeae.
(F.) Trifle d'eau.   The taste  is intensely bitter,
and is  extracted by water.  It is tonic, anthel-
mintic, diuretic, cathartic, and,  in large doses,
emetic.  In some countries, it is used  as a substi-
tute for hops in  making beer.
   Menyan'thes Verna,  American  buck  lean,
31arsh  trefoil,  Water  shamrock, Bitter  root,  has
similar properties.
   MEOSIS, Meiosis.
   MEPHIT'IC, 31ephilicus; from aSyriacword,
signifying ' to blow, to breathe.'  Any thing pos-
sessed of an  unwholesome property; chiefly ap-
plied to exhalations.
   MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism — m. Hepatica,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted — m. Inflammabilis, Hy-
drogen — m. Urinosa, Ammonia.
   MEPHTTISM.   Same  etymon.  Any perni-
cious exhalation.   3Iephi'tis  and 3Iophe'ta, (F.)
31ofette  ou 3Ioitfette,  are old  names for azote;
and, in general, for all exhalations and gases that
are unfit for respiration.
   MERACUS, Merus.
   MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis.
   MERAN^ESTHE'SIS,  3leranasthe'sia, from
ptpos, 'a part,' av, 'privative,' and aiadnais, 'sen-
sation.'  Insensibility of a part of the body.
   MERATROPH'IA,  from  ptpos, 'a part,'  and
arpotpia, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy of some
part of the body.
   3IERCURE, Hydrargyrum—m. Bichlorure de,
 Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m. avec la Craie,  Hy-
 drargyrum cum creta, — m. Cm, Hydrargyrum —
 7ii. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri cyanuretum—m. Deu-
 tiodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — /».
 Deuto-chlorure  de,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.
 Doux,  Hydrargyri submurias — m. Gommeux de
 Plenck, Syrupus de mercurio mediante gummi—
 m. -Muriate oxygini de, Hydrargyri oxymurias—
 m. Oxide  de, cendre, Hydrargyri oxydum cinere-
 um — m.  Oxide gris de, Hydrargyri  oxydum ci-
 nereum—m.  Oxide nitrique de, Hydrargyri nitri- 
MERCURIAL
555
MEROCELE
 co-oxydum—m. Oxide noir de, Hydrargyri oxy-
 dum cinereum — m. Oxide rouge de, Hydrargyri
 oxydum rubrum — m.  Period nre de, Hydrargyri
 iodidum rubrum — m. Protiodure de, Hydrargyri
 iodidum — m.  I'rotodilomre de, Hydrargyri sub-
 murias— m. Protoxide  de, Hydrargyri  oxydum
 cinereum—m.  Sous-muriate de, precipiti, Hydrar-
 gyrum praeeipitatum — m. Sous-sulfate  de, Hy-
 drargyrus vitriolatus—771. Sulphure de, noir, Hy-
 drargyri sulphuretum nigrum — 711.  Sulphure  de,
 roit'/c, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
   MERCU'RIAL, 3Icrcurid/is, llydrargyr'iciim,
 Ilydrurgyr'ium.  That which  contains mercury.
 A preparation of mercury.
   MERCURIA'LIS, Mcrcuridlis an'nua, French
 mercury.  It has been esteemed cathartic, hyp-
 notic and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used  by
 way of lavement.  See  Chenopodium Bonus Hen-
 ricus.
   Mercurialis Humor, Humor melaneholicus.
 A supposititious humour with the  older  physi-
 cinns, out of  which  they presumed that morbi
 melanchol'ici seu mercuridles arose.
   Mercurialis Peiien'nis, Cynocram'be, Cani'na
 bras'sica, M. monta'na, 31. Sylees'tris, Dog's mer-
 cury.  This  plant  i3 possessed of acro-narcotic
 properties.
   MERCURTALISMUS, Hydrargvriasis.
   MERCU'RIALIST, Mercurialis 'ta ; from mer-
 curius. ' mercury.'  One inordinately addicted to
 prescribing mercury.
   MERCURIALIZA'TION.  Same etymon. The
 state of being  affected  by mercury.  One under
 the  influence of mercury is said to be mercurial-
 ized.
   MERCURII CALX  VITRIOLATA,  Hydrar-
 gyrus vitriolatus—m. Deuto-ioduretum,  Hydrar-
 gyri iodidum rubrum — m. Proto-ioduretum, Hy-
 drargyri iodidum—m. Sperma, Hydrargyrus aee-
 tatus—m. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus aeetatus.
   MKROURIUS, Hydrargyrum — m. Aeetatus,
 Hydrargyrus aeetatus — m. Alkalisatus,  Hydrar-
 gyrum  cum  creta — m. Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri
 oxydum rubrum—Causticus flavus, Hydrargyrus
 vitriolatus — m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri  oxydum
 cinereum—m.  Cinnabarinus,  Hydrargyri sulphu-
 retum rubrum—m. Corallinus, Hydrargyri nitri-
 co-oxydum— m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri oxymu-
 rias— m. Corrosivus  ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-
 oxydum— m. Corrosivus sublimatus,  Hydrargyri
 oxymurias — m. Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prae-
 eipitatum — m. Dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias —
 m.  Emeticus  flavus,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus —
 m.   Gummosus  Plenckii, Syrupus  de mercurio
 mediante gummi—m. Luteus,  Hydrargyrus vitri-
 olatus— m. Mortis, Algaroth — m. Niger Moscati,
 Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum—m. Praecipitatus
 corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum—ni. Prae-
 cipitatus niger, Hydrargyri oxydum  cinereum  —
 m. Saceharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum—m.
 Solubilis of Hahnemann, see Hydrargyri oxydum
 cinereum — m.  Sublimatus  dulcis,  Hydrargyri
 submurias — m. cum  Sulphure,  Hydrargyri sul-
 phuretum nigrum — m. Terrestris,  Polygonum
 hydropiper — m. Aritae,  Algaroth — m.  Zoticus
 Hartmanni. Hydrargyri submurias.
  MERCURY,  Hydrargyrum — m.  Acetate of,
 Hydrargyrus aeetatus — m. Acid, nitrate  of, see
 Hydrargyri nitras — m.  Ammoniated, Hydrargy-
 rum   praeeipitatum — m. Ammonio-chloride of,
 Hadrargyrum  praeeipitatum—m. Bichloride of,
 Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.  Biniodide of,  Hy-
 drargyri iodidum rubrum, see Iodine — m. Bisul-
phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum—m.
Bromide of, see Bromine — m. with  Chalk. Hy-
drargyrum cum creta—m. Chloride of, mild, Hy-
drargyri submurias—m. Cyanuret of, Hydrargyri
cyanuretum — m. Deuto-iodide of, see Iodine —
 m. Dog's, Mercurialis perennis—m. English, Che-
 nopodium bonus Henricus — m. French. Mercu-
 rial—m. Iodide of,  Hydrargyri Iodidum—m. Io-
 dide  of, red, Hydrargyri Iodidum rubrum.
   Mercury, Iodide of Chloride of,  Iod'idum
 Hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi, Hydrar'gyrum  ioda'tum
 cum  chlorido mercurii, (F.) lodhydrargyrite de
 chlorure.  mercureux.  Made  by the reaction of
 iodine on mild, chloride of mercury.  Two iodides
 may  be prepared — the iodide and the biniodide.
 Both are violent irritants : the biniodide, espe-
 cially,  is a powerful  caustic.  Both have  been
 given in scrofula.   The  biniodide is only  used
 externally like nitrate of silver in  scrofulous
 and certain syphilitic ulcerations.   An  ointment
 of the iodide (gr. xv ad adipis 3*ij).js rubbed on
 scrofulous tumefactions.
   Mercury,  Iodo-Arsenite  of/ Arsenic  and
 Mercury, iodide of—m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy-
 drargyri oxymurias — m. Muriate of, mild, Hy-
 drargyri submurias — m. Nitrate  of, Hydrargyri
 nitras — m. Nitric  oxyd  of,  Hydrargyri nitrico-
 oxydum— m.  Oxide of, black  or  gray, Hydrar-
 gyri  oxydum  cinereum — m. Oxide  of, red, Hy-
 drargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Oxymuriate  of,
 Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m. Periodide of, Hy-
 drargyri iodidum  rubrum — m.  Phosphuretted,
 Hydrargyrus  phosphoratus — m.  Precipitate  of,
 white,  Hydrargyrum praeeipitatum — m.  Proto-
 chloride of, Hydrargyri submurias — m. Protoiov
 dide  of, see Hydrargyri iodidum, and Iodine—nj.
 Prussiate of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum—m. Solu-
 ble, Hydrargyri nitras — m.  Subchloride of, Hy*-
 drargyri submurias — m. Submuriate of, Hydrar-
 gyri submurias—m. Sulphuret of, black, Hydrar-
 gyri sulphuretum nigrum — m. Sulphuret of, red,
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum ruhrum, Realgar — m.
 Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri Sulphu-
 retum nigrum —> m. Supernitrate of,  Solution of,
 see Hydrargyri nitras—m. Tartrate of, Hydrargyri
 tartras—m. Three-seeded, Acalypha  A'irginica.
   Mercury  and Arsenic, Iodide  of, Arsenic
 and Mercury, Iodide of — m. and  Quinia, Proto-
 chloride of, Hydrargyri et  Quiniae  Protochlori-
 dum.
   MERDA, Excrement.
   MERDIVOMUS, Copremetus.
   MERDUS, Excrement.
   31ERE DES PIA AS, Pian.
   MEREMPHRAX'IS, from ptpos, 'a part,' and
 tpifipa^is, 'obstruction.'  Obstruction or infarction
 of an  organ.
   MERICUS,  Local.
  MERIDRO'SIS,  Sudor partia'lis seu loedlis ;
 from ptpos, ' a part,' and 'i&poiais,  ' sweating.'  A
 partial perspiration.
  MERIMNA, Cura.
  MERIMNE, Cura.
  31ERISIER, Prunus avium.
  MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial.
  MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial.
  MEROCE'LE, 3Iiroce'le, 3Icrorix'ia, 3terorr-
 hex'is, from ptpos, 'the thigh,'and icnln, 'tumour;'
 Hernia  cruralis seu femora' lis, Femoral or crural
 hernia, (F.) Hernie  crurale ou femorale.   In this
 hernia,  the viscera  issue  from   the  abdomen
 through the crural canal; or through an opening
 immediately  on the outer side of Gimbernat's
 ligament, which gives passage to lymphatic  ves-
 sels.  This affection is more frequent in the female
 than  in  the male, and  especially  in those  who
 have  had children.   The tumour,  formed  by
merocele, is generally small, round, and more or
less difficult of reduction.  In  other respects, it
possesses all the characters of hernia. The neck
of the sac has, close on the outside, the epigastric
artery;  above,  the spermatic cord and spermatio 
MEROCOXALGIA             556               MESENTERY
Rrtery in the male — the round ligament in the
female;  on  the inside.  Gimbernat's  ligament;
and, below the pubes.  AVhen the obturator artery
arises from the epigastric, it generally passes on
the outside of  and below the orifice of the sac;
so.netimes, however, it takes a turn above, and
then to the inside  of the  opening.  J. Cloquet
assorts, that of 134 cases, in one only did he find
tr e epigastric artery on  the inside  of the orifice
of the sac.
  The operation, required in strangulation of this
variety, may  be  practised on the aponeurotic
opening, by cutting downwards and inwards, on
the side of Gimbernat's ligament.
  MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia.
  MERO'PIA, from ptpos, 'a part,' and ui^, 'the
eye.'  A partial obscurity of vision.
  MERORIXIS,  Merocele.
  MERORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'muspartialis,
Rh. loca'lis, Rh. 3lembro'rum singulo'rum ;  from
ptpos, 'a part,' and ptvpa, ' defluxion, rheumatism.'
Rheumatism affecting a part.  Topical or  local
rheumatism.
  MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele.
  MEROS,  Femur,  Thigh.
  MERRY-ANDREAV.   An itinerant quack, who
exposes his nostrums for sale at fairs and  mar-
kets.   See Charlatan.—So called from Dr. An-
drew Boorde, who lived in the reigns of Henry
VIII., Edward A"L, and Queen Mary, and  who
was in the habit of frequenting fairs and markets
at which he harangued the  populace.
  MERULIUS AURICULA, Peziza auricula.
  MERUS, 3Iera'cus, A'cratos, 'pure,'genuine;'
as Vinum merum, unmixed wine.
  Merus, Femur, Thigh.
  MERA'INE MALE, Cypripedium luteum.
  MERYCISMUS,  Rumination.
  MERYTCOLOG"IA, from ptpvKw, 'I ruminate,'
and loyos, ' a description.'  Any work on rumi-
nation may  be so termed.
  MESA, Genital organs.
  MESARiEUM, Mesentery.
  MESARAIC, Mesenteric.
  MESEMAR, Mismar.
  MESEMBRYANTHEMUM  COPTICUM, see
Soda.
  Mesembryan'themum   Crystal'linum,   31.
fico'i'des,  Diamond fig-maryyold, Ice-plant, (F.)
Glaciate,  Crystalline.   Nat.  Ord.  Ficoideae:  a
plant common in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cape
Town.   It  has been  recommended in  dysuria,
ischuria, and some other affections of the urinary
organs.
  Mesembryanthemum Edu'lE ;  and 31. acina-
ciforme, South African plants, are much used as
domestic remedies at  the Cape.  The expressed
juice of the leaves  acts as an  astringent in dy-
sentery, and as a mild  diuretic.  It is also used
as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore throat,
violent salivation and aphthae, and as  a lotion to
burns and scalds.
  Mesembryan'themum ToRTUo'suM,also a South
African plant, is said to possess narcotic proper-
ties. ,
  31ESENCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons
Varolii.
  MES'ENTERIC, 3Iesardic, 3Iesenter'icua, Me-
nard icua, 3Ieaara'icua ;  from piatvrtptov, or peaa-
patov, 'the  mesentery.'   That  which  relates or
belongs to the mesentery.
  Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and
distinguished  into,  1. The Superior  meaenteric,
which arises from the anterior part of the abdo-
minal aorta, below the  coeliac.  It immediately
descends  to the left,  forwards, behind the pan-
creas, and in front of  the third  portion of the
duodenum,—to gain the superior extremity of the
mesentery, where it makes  a long curvature, the
convexity of which is turned forwards and to tho
left.   Towards  the termination of the  ileum,  it
ends by  anastomosing with a branch  of the A.
colica dextra inferior.  At its concavity, it gives
off the three Arteria colica dextra, which belong
to the great intestine; and, at its  convexity, it
sends off fifteen or twenty branches, which are
distributed to  the small  intestine,  after  having
formed numerous arches by their anastomoses.
  2.  The Inferior 3Ieeenteric Artery arises from
the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch
and a half before its  termination.  It  descends,
on the left side, behind the peritoneum; engages
itself in  the substance  of the iliac mesoeolon,
forming  a considerable  curvature,  whose con-
vexity faces the left side.  When it reaches the
brim  of  the pelvis, it passes along  the posterior
separation of  the mesorectum, and attains the
neighbourhood of the anus, under the  name Su-
perior hemorrhoidal artery.  It gives off no branch
at its concave  part; but, from the convex, the
three Arteria colica einietra arise.
  Mesenteric Disease,  Tabes mesenterica.
  Mesenteric Glands  are the lymphatic gan-
glions of the mesentery.  Through them, the
chyliferous vessels  pass  to the  thoracic duct.
Their uses are unknown.   AVhen diseased, nutri-
tion is interfered with, and atrophy produced.
  Mesenteric  Hernia.  If one of the  layers of
the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the other
remains  in its  natural state, the intestines may
insinuate themselves into the aperture, and form
a kind of hernia.   It is not known during life.
  Mesenteric  Plexuses  are furnished by the
solar plexus, and have been distinguished into
superior  and inferior; like the mesenteric arte-
ries which they accompany.
  Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are  two  in
number,  and belong  to  the vena porta.  They
are distinguished  into, 1.  The Superior mesenteric
or mesaraic or great  mesaraic.  This trunk re-
ceives, from above to below and on the right side,
the three vena colica dextra and the Gastro-epi-
ploica dextra.   Into its left side, the veins of the
small intestine  open.  It passes in front  of the
transverse portion of the duodenum; and, behind
the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein to con-
cur in the formation of the vena porta.
  The inferior or  lesser mesenteric vein corre-
sponds  to the artery of the same name, and
opens  into the splenic, near  the union  of that
vein with  the  superior mesenteric,  and behind
the pancreas.
  MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis.
  MESENTERI'TIS, 3Iesenteriltis, Empres'ma
peritonitis mesenter'ica,  Enteri'tia  mcaenter'ica,
Inflammdtion of the meaentery.  The pain is here
deeper seated  and more immediately in the me-
senteric region.   The external tenderness  is less
than in some of the other varieties of peritonitis.
See Tabes Mesenterica.
  MESENTERIUM, Mesentery—m.  Crassum,
Mesocolon.
  MESENTERON, Mesentery.
  MES'ENTERY,  3Ieaenter'ium,  3Ieaarai'on,
3Ieaara'um, 3Iedidnum,  31embrdna pingnis in-
testino'rum, Lactea, 3Ieaen'teron, 3Ieaera'um, 31 e-
sora 'um, Medium intesti'num, Epichor'dis, from
piaos,  ' in  the  middle,'  and tvrtpov, ' intestine.'
(F.)  3Iisentere.  A  term  in anatomy, applied  to
several  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, which
maintain the different portions of the  intestinal
canal  in their respective  situations;  allowing,
however,  more  or less  motion.    They are
formed of two laminae, between which are con-
tained the corresponding portion of intestine and 
ME SERA
557
MESPILUS
the vessels that pass to it.  One only of these
duplicatures  has  received  the  name  mesentery,
properly so called.  This  belongs to the small
intestine, whieh it suspends and retains  in eitu.
Its posterior margin, which is the smallest, is
straight, and descends  obliquely from  the  left
side of the body of  the second lumbar vertebra
to the right iliac  fossa.  Its anterior margin is
curved, undulating,  plaited, and corresponds to
the  whole length of the  small intestine.  The
mesentery contains,  between the two laminae
which form it, a number of lymphatic ganglions;
the  trunks and branches of the mesenteric ves-
sels ; the nervous  plexuses accompanying them,
and many lacteals and lymphatics.
   MESERA, Tutia.
   MKSER.EUM,  Mesentery.
   MESERA ION,  Mesentery.
   ME'f^AL, from ptaos, 'in the middle.'   Re-
lating or appertaining to the middle.
   Mesial Plane, an imaginary plane, dividing
the head,  neck,  and trunk into similar halves,
towards right  and left. Every aspect towards
this plane is meaial; and  every aspect towards
right or left is lateral; every lateral aspect being
 dextral or sinistral.
   MESTAMUM, Aniceton.
   MESMER'IC, Meamer'icus.  Relating to mes-
 merism or animal  magnetism:—as the 'mesmeric
 state,' • mesmeric sleep,' Ac. Ac.
   MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal.
   MES'MERIST.  A practiser of, or believer in,
 mesmerism.
   MESMERIZA'TION, 3Iagnetizdtion.  The act
of mesmerizing.  The state of being mesmerized.
   MES'MERIZED, 3Icsmerizdtus,  3lag'netized.
Affected with mesmerism or animal  magnetism.
AVhen the  person is in a state of ' magnetic sleep,'
he is said to be hyp'notized.
   MES'MERIZER,   Au'imal 3Ingnetlzer, Mag-
neti'zer.  One who practises mesmerism.
   MESO,  pioas,  'in the   middle.'  A prefix to
 certain words.
   MESOBREGMATE,  see Cranium.
   MESOCjE'CUM.   A name given to a duplica-
 ture of the peritoneum, (in some persons only,)
 at the posterior part of  the caecum.
   3IES0CEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons
 A'arolii.
   MESOCHON'DRIAC, 3Iesochondri'acus; from
 ptaos,  and ^onfyoj,-' oartilage.'  A name given by
 Boerhaave to  fleshy fibres situate  between the
 cartilaginous rings of the trachea.
   MESOCOL'IC HERNIA.  Hernia is so named
 by Sir Astley Cooper, when the bowels glide be-
 tween the layers of the mesocolon.
   MESOCO'LON, Meaoco'lum, 3Ieaenter'iumcraa-
 eum, from  ptaos, and kwIov, 'the colon.'  A name
 given to  the  duplicatures of the peritoneum,
 which fix the different parts of the  colon to the
 abdominal parietes.  It has  received  different
 names, according to its   situation.   The right
 lumbar mesocolon fixes the ascending colon to the
' corresponding  lumbar  region.   The  tranaverae
mesocolon  arises  from the  concave arch of the
 colon, aud forms a septum between the epigastric
and umbilical regions.  Its inferior portion  is
continuous with the  mesentery.  The f"</f. lumbar
mesocolon, which contains the ascending colon, is
continuous below with the Iliac mesocolon.  The
last includes between its layers the sigmoid flex-
ure of the colon, and ends in the  mesorectum.
 Under the right kidney, it is  narrow and firm,
and forms the right lig'ament of the colon: at the
under end of  the left kidney, it forms the left
lig'ament of the colon.
   MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput.
  MESOCRANUM, Sinciput.
  MESODERMUM, Corpus mucosum.
  MESODME, Mediastinum.
  MESODMI'TIS, from ptaocpn, 'the mediasti-
num,' and itis,  'inflammation.'   31esotachi'tis,
3Iediastini'tis, Inflamma'tio mediastlni.   Inflam-
mation of the mediastinum.
  MESOGASTRIUM, Umbilical region.
  MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
  MESOGLOTTUS, Genioglossus.
  MESOGONIUM, Internodium.
  MESOLO'BAR. Belonging to the 3Iisolobe or
 Corpus callo'sum.
  Mesolobar Arteries,  Arte'ria meaolob'ica,
A. cor'poria callo'ai cer'ebri, are  the  arteries  of
the corpus callosum.
  3IES0L0BE, Corpus callosum.
  MESOMER'IA, from ptaos, and  ptpos,  'the
thigh.'  The parts of the  body situate between,
the thighs or hips.
  MESOMERION, Perinaeum.
  MESOMPHALUM, Umbilicus.
  MESOPHLEBTUM, from  ptaos, 'in  the  mid-
'dle,' and tplt\p, 'a vein;' Interve'nium.  The space
between two veins.
  MESOPH'RYON, Glabella, Gabella, Intercil-
ium, 3Ieto'pium,  A'asal  eminence.  The part be.-
tween  the eyebrows; from ptaos,  'the middle,'
and oippva, ' the eyebrows.'
  MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space.
  MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal.
  MESORJEUM, Mesentery.
  MESOR'CHIUM, from ptaos, 'the middle,' and
opxts, ' a testicle.' A duplicature of the perito-
neum, which supports the  testicle in  its passage
from the abdomen into the scrotum. — Seiier.
  MESORECTUM.  A hybrid word; from utoos,
and rectum, ' the intestine  rectum.'  A triangular
reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between the
posterior  surface of the rectum and the anterior
 surface  of the sacrum.  Between the two layers
 of which the mesorectum  is composed  are found
 much areolar tissue, and the termination of the
 inferior mesenteric vessels.
  MESOS, Meso.
  MESOSCELOCELE,  Hernia, perineal.
  MESOSCELON, Perinseum.
  MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from 3Ieaoecelon, 'pe-
 rinaeum,' and tpvpa, ' swelling.'  A tumour of the
 perinaeum.
  MESOTH'ENAR, from ptaos, and &tvap, 'the
 thenar,' 'the palm  of the  hand.'  A muscle,
 which  carries  the thumb  towards  the  palm.
 AVinslow applied the term to the adductor  polli-
 cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor
 brevis pollicis.
  MESOT'ICA,  from ptaos,  'middle.'   Diseases
 affecting the parenchyma.  Pravity in  the quan-
 tity or quality of the intermediate  or connecting
 substance of organs ;  without inflammation, fever,
 or other derangement of the general health. The
 first Order, class Eccritica of Good.
  MESOTCECHITIS, Mesodmitis.
  MESOTO^CHIUM, Mediastinum.
  MESOTCECHUM, Mediastinum.
  MES'PILUS, 3Ieapilua German'ica seu domes'-
 tica.  The medlar, (F.) Nejlier.   The fruit, (F.)
 Nefle, and  seeds of the medlar have both been
 used medicinally:—the  immature fruit  as an as-
 tringent, and the seeds in nephritic diseases. See
 Crataegus Aria and Sorbus acuparia.
  Mespilus Aria, Crataegus aria—m. Domestica,
 Mespilus, Sorbus domestica—m. Germanica, Mes-
 pilus— in. Intermedia, Mespilus oxyacantha—m.
 Laevigata, Mespilus oxyacantha.
  Mespilus Oxyacan'tha, 31.  Oxyacautho'i'de* 
                    META                  52

seu interme'dia seu lavigdta, Oxyacantha, Spina
alba,  White  Hawthorn,  (F.)  Aubepine.   The
flowers  of  this uncommon European plant are
sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral.
  Mespilus  Oxyacanthoides, Mespilus  oxya-
cantha.
  META,  ptra, 3Ictll, ptb",  'with,' 'together
with,' ' after,' ' change of  form and place.'  A
common prefix to words.   Hence :
  METAB'ASIS,  Trad situs,  3Ietab'ole,  3Ieta-
bol'ia, 3Ietal'lage, 3Ietallax'is, from  ptraj3aivu>,
'I digress.'   A change of remedy, practice, Ac.
—Hippocrates.
  METABOLE, Metabasis, Transformation.
  METABOLEL'OGY,  3Ietabolelog"ia;  from
pzrafioln, 'change,' and  loyos, 'a  description.'
A description of the changes which supervene in
the course of a disease.
  METABOLIA, Metabasis.
  METABOLTC,  3Ietabolicue, from  ptraQoln,
'change.'   Appertaining  to change or transfor-
mation.
  Metabol'ic  Force.   A  term employed  by
Schwann for  the power possessed by living cells
of  changing  the  character  of the substances
brought in  contact with them.
  METACARPAL,  31etacarpidnua, (F.)  3Iita-
carpien.  Relating or belonging to the  meta-
carpus.
  Metacarpal Artery, Arte'ria doraa'lia meta-
car'pi, arises  from the radial, at the moment it
engages itself in the  upper extremity of the ab-
ductor  indicis.  It descends obliquely upon the
back of the hand.  Its branches are distributed
to the  abductor indicis,  and  the integuments:
some  communicato with the dorsalis carpi.
  Metacarpal Articula'tions  are those  by
which the last four metacarpal bones are united
together at their upper extremity.
  Metacarpal Bones, or bones which compose
the metacarpus, are five in number; and distin-
guished into  first, second, third, Ac, beginning
from the outer or radial side.   They are articu-
lated  by their superior extremity with the bones
of the second range of the carpus;  and by the
lower with  the first phalanges.
  Metacarpal Lig'ament, Infe'rior palmar Lig'-
ament, is a fibrous band, stretched  transversely
before the  inferior extremities of the  last four
metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec-
tive positions.
  Metacarpal Phalan'ges are the first pha-
langes  of the fingers; so  called, because they
are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus.
  Metacarpal Range or  row of  the  carpal
bones,  (F.) Rangie  mitacarpienne du  carpe, is
the lower row of carpal bones; so called because
they are articulated with the bones of the meta-
carpus.  It is composed of the trapezium, trape-
zoides, magnum, and unciforme.
  METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi
digiti.
  3IETACARPIEN, Metacarpal — m. du Petit
doigt, Opponens minimi digiti—m. du Pouce, Op-
ponens  pollicis.
  METACARPION, Metacarpus.
  METACARPO-PHALANGjEUS  POLLICIS,
Adductor pollicis manus.
  METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN,  Metacarpo-
phalangidniia, 3Ictacarpo-phal''angal, (F.) 3Iita-
carpt,-phalangien.  That  which belongs to the
metacarpus and phalanges.
  Metacarpo-Phalangian or Metacarpo-Pha-
i  angal Articulations are formed by the bones
of the metacarpus af.,1 the corresponding pha-
langes.  In these articulations, the bony surfaces
are incrusted with cartilage, covered by a syno-
8           METAMORPHOPSIA

vial membrane, and kept in connexion by means
of an anterior and two lateral ligaments.
  31E TA <'. 1 HP O PHA LA AG IE A L A TEIIA L
SUS-PAL3IAIEh\  ET METACAR/'O PHA-
LANGIEN LATERAL, Interosseus manus.
  METACAR'PUS,  from ptra, 'after,'  and  ccrr-
pua, 'the wrist;' 3letacar'pion, Poatbra'chia'le,
Poatcar'pium,  Torus  manita, (F.) 3Ietacarpe.  The
part of the hand comprised  between the carpus
and fingers. It is composed of five parallel bones,
called metacarpal ; forming the back of the hand,
externally, and the palm internally.
  METACERASMA, Cerasma.
  METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
  METACHIRISIS, Surgery.
  METACHIRISMUS, Surgery.
  METACHORESIS, Metastasis.
  METACINEMA, Metastasis.
  METACINESIS, Metastasis.
  METACONDYLE, see Phalanx.
  METACYE'SIS, from ptra, ' after,' and  Kvnats,
'pregnancy;' Gravid'itaa extra-uterina aecunda'-
ria.   Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus
is at first in the uterus, but subsequently in some
other place.
  METADERMATO'SIS, from ptra, 'after,' and
Stppa, ' skin.'  A morbid development of the epi-
dermis or epithelium.
  METAL, 3Ietallum.  A class of simple, com-
bustible  bodies;  distinguished  from  others by
considerable specific  gravity ; a particular splen-
dour; almost total opacity; insolubility in water;
and  the property they  have  of  ringing when
struck.   Metals have no effect, except of a  me-
chanical  nature, when taken into  the  stomach;
unless they have  already undergone, or undergo
in the stomach, oxidation or union with an acid;
when several  most deleterious compounds may
be formed.  Copper cents ; half-pence ; quicksil-
ver ; lead, have frequently been swallowed in the
metallic  state with impunity.  Tin and mercury
are the only metals prescribed  for a mechanical
effect; the former  as an anthelmintic, — the lat-
ter, idly  enough, in cases of fancied intussuscep-
tion.
  3IETAL  DES CLOCHES, Bell-metal.
  METALLAGE, Metabasis.
  METALLAXIS, Metallage.
  METALLIC ArOICE,  Tintement metallique.
  METALLODYN'IA, from ptrallov, 'a metal,'
and oivvn, 'pain.'  Pain  owing to the injurious
influence of a metal—as lead, quicksilver, Ac.
  METALLUM,  Metal — m. Hsematopoieticum,
Ferrum.
  MET AMORPHOP' SIA,   Phantaemaacop' ia,
Phantasmatoscop'ia,  from ptrapoptpoia, (ptra,  and
poptpn, 'form,) 'I  transform,' and  uit^, 'the eye.'
Suffu'eio, Suffu'eio Oculo'rum, Suffu'eio metamor-
pho'aia, S.  3Iyo'dea,  Imagination (Maitre-Jean);
Crupaia, 3Iarmar'yge. 3Iarmor'yge, 3Iac'ula  ante
oc'uloa volitan'tea, 3Iaran'gia,  Oc'uli marmary-
go'dea, False sight,  (F.) Berlue.   Aberration of
the sense of sight, which transmits the image of
imaginary objects.  This affection  sometimes de-
pends on a slight opacity in the transparent parts
of the eye: the  cornea, crystalline, or vitreous
humour, when it is symptomatic and of no con-
sequence.  At other  times, it appears to be idio-
pathic ;   and occurs  particularly  in those  who
have been in the habit of constantly fixing their
eyes on very brilliant or small  bodies.  The ob-
jects  fancied to be  seen are various.   They are
sometimes  circular, perpetually moving, or shin-
ing or black spots, cobwebs, insects, or pieces of
wood—when they are often  termed 3Ittsca voli-
tan'tea, (F.) 3Iouchee volantea, and  the  condition
5 
METAMORPHOSIS
559
METEOROLOGY
 Visas musca'rum,  Scotom'ata, Suffu'eio  Myo'des,
31yiodeop'aia,  3Iyo<lcopain,   Visus  musca'rum.
These appearances sometimes continue  for a few
days ; being dependent on the state of the nerves
of the individual at the time; or they may exist
for life,  and ultimately impair the sight.   Certain
of them change their position, and appear to  be
seated in the humours of the eye, and — it has
been  supposed — in  the  vitreous humour more
especially:  hence the term  entohy'aloid musca
applied to  them.
   If tho affection be  symptomatic, it is of but
little moment.   If idiopathic, and connected with
 any excitement of the brain, which is not often
the case, attention will have to be  paid to that
 organ.
   METAMORPHOSIS VENTRICULI GELA-
 TIN IFORMIS, Gastromalacia.
   METANGISMOS, Decantation.
   METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus.
   METAI'HRENON, Dorsum.
   METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio.
   METAPODIUM, Metatarsus.
   METAPOROPCETA,  3Ietaporopoie'sia,  from
ptra, ' after,' vopos, ' a pore,' and troitiv, ' to make.'
 The change produced in the minute pores, in the
capillary extremities of vessels,—when they pass
from the morliid to the healthy condition.—Galen.
   METAPTO'SIS, Metasdiematia'mue, 3I,taache-
mat'iaia.   Mutation,  change; from peraiztirrto,
(ptra,  and iriirrw, 'I fall,)  'I  digress.'   Any
change  in the form or seat of  a disease.   Trans-
formation.
   METARRHCE'A,  3Ietar'rhyaia,  from  meta,
' change of form or place,' and ptta, ' I flow.' Re-
flux.  The transfer of a disease from without  to
within,  or from one part to another.
   METARRHYSIS, Metarrhoea.
   METASCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis.
   M ETASCHEMATISMUS, Metaptosis.
   METAS'TASIS, 3Ietachore'aie,  3Ietacine'ma,
3Ietacine'eie, from ptOtarnpt,  (ptra, and  araais,
place,')  ' I  change place.'  Diaplace'ment, Trana-
Idtion.   A change in  the seat of a disease; at-
tributed, by the Humorists,  to the translation  of
the morbific matter to a part different from that
which  it had previously occupied: and by the
Solidists, to  the  displacement of the irritation.
It has also been used in the same  extensive sense
as  Metaptosis.  Disputes have  often  been in-
dulged,  whether a case of metastasis ought not
rather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis-
ease.  The phenomena of gout and acute  rheu-
matism  are in favour of metastasis occasionally
supervening.
  Metastasis Lactis, Galactoplania, Phlegma-
tia dolens.
  METASTATTC, 3Ietaatalicua.   Belonging  or
relating to  metastasis.  A metaatatic criaia is one
produced by metastatis ;—a metaatatic affection,
one caused by metastasis, Ac.  See Abscess, me-
tastatic.
  METASYN'CRISIS, from  avyicpivu,  'I com-
pose,' and ptra, which  indicates a change.  Re-
composl'tion. A word employed by some disciples
of Asclepiades.   This physician  supposed,  that
all animals are  formed by the union or assem-
blage of atoms.  He designated all bodies by the
word  avyicptpara, which  signifies 'assemblage.'
Zvyicptvta$ai,  ' to be assembled,' was, with him,
synonymous with 'to exist;' and StaicpivtoSai, 'to
separate,' was, with him, synonymous  with 'to
dissolve,' ' to cease to exist.'  The  word  31etasi/n-
criaie was invented to express  the recomposition
of bodies  after  their  momentary  dissolution.
Some have rendered the word  by  the Latin Re-
corpordtio.
   METASYNCRIT'IC, 3Ietaayncrilicua, Recor-
poratlvua.  Belonging or relating to metasyncii
sis.  A name formerly  given  to medicines  to
which was attributed the virtue of producing the
metasyncrisis  or regeneration  of the body,  or
some of its parts.
   Metasyncritic  Cycle meant a determinate
series of remedies  employed for this purpose.
   METATAR'SAL, 3Ieiatar'eeua, (F.) 31itatar-
sien.   Relating or  belonging to the metatarsus.
   Metatarsal Artery, Artere aua-mitatarrienne
of Chaussier,  arises from the  Arteria  dorea'lis
 Tarai; passes transversely over the back of the
foot; and  furnishes, at  its  convexity, which  is
anterior,  three  branches, called A.  interoa'aea
doradlea Pedia.  These branches are  distributed
in the interosseous spaces.
   Metatarsal  Articcla'tions are those result-
ing from the junction of the  metatarsal bones
with each other.   They are strengthened, behind,
by doraal and plantar  ligaments ; and before, by
a traneveree metatareal ligament, which is plantar,
and has the greatest analogy to the inferior trane-
veree metacarpal ligament.
   Metatarsal  Bones, (F.) Oa metataraiens, are
five in number, and distinguished by  their num-
ber ; first, aecond,  third, Ac, reckoning from the
outer side.
   Metatarsal  Phalanges  are the first pha-
langes of the  toes ;  so called because they are
united to  the metatarsus.
   Metatarsal  Row—(F.) Rangie mitatareienne
— of the  bones  of the tarsus, is the second row,
or that contiguous to  the metatarsus ;  compre-
hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones :
some add the scaphoides.
   METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti
pedis.
   31ETATARSIEN, Metatarsal.               '«
   METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN,  3Ietatarao- .
phalangidnua, 3Ietatarao-phalangal.  Relating
to the metatarsus and phalanges.
   Metatarso-Phalangian or Metatarso-pha-
langal Articulations are formed by the bones
of the metatarsus  and the  corresponding pha-
langes.  They bear the greatest  analogy to the
metacarpo-phalangian articulations.
  META TARSO-PHALANGIEN-LA TERAL,
see Interossei pedis — m. Sous-phalangien trana-
veraal du premier orteil, Transversus pedis.
   METATAR'SUS, 3letatar'aium, 3Ietape'dium,
3Ietapo'dium, Pracor' dium  seu  So'lium  pedia,
Veatig"ium pedia,  from ptra, ' after,' and rapaos,
' the tarsus.'  That part of the foot which is situ-
ate between the tarsus and toes, corresponding
with the metacarpus.   It is composed of five pa-
rallel bones ; one to each toe.   Like the metacar-
pal bones, they are developed from two points of
ossification.
   METATH'ESIS, from ptranSnpt,  (ptra,  and
riOnpt, 'to place,')  'I change place.'   Tranepo-
eil'io.   An operation, by which a morbific agent
is  removed from one place to another, where  it
may produce less  disturbance in  the exercise of
the functions :—as. for  example, in the operation
of depressing cataract, or when  calculus in the
urethra is pushed  back into the  bladder.  Also,
Derivation.
  METATIO,  Mensuration.
  METATOCTA. from ptra, 'change of form or
place,' and tokos, 'birth.'  Parturition in a pre-
ternatural manner.  Preternatural labour.
   METATOPTOSIS, Diadexis.
  METENSO.MATOSUS, Incorporation.
  METEOR ISM US. Sublimation, Tympanites.
  METEOROL'OGY,  Meteorolog"ia, from m
rtwpos, 'a meteor,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The 
METER                 560             METROPATHIA
science, whose object is a knowledge of the  ori-
gin, formation, appearance, Ac. of meteors.   The
state of the atmosphere has a most important
bearing upon the health of animals.  The whole
range of epidemic  affections .have  their causes
seated  there.   Meteorological  affections  have,
hence, ever been attended to by the physician for
the purpose of detecting the precise character of
any particular epidemic influence.   The barome-
ter, thermometer, and hygrometer are the instru-
ments used with this intent — to detect, as  well
the varying weight  or pressure, and  the tempera-
rature,  as the moisture.  Perhaps, of  the three
conditions, the last exerts  more influence in the
production of disease than either of the others.
Our knowledge,  however, of this part of physics
is extremely limited aud unsatisfactory.
   METER, ptrpov,  ' a measure,' a suffix to words
denoting ' a measure,' as in Barometer, Plexime-
ter, Ac.
   METIIyEMACIIYMIA, Transfusion.
   METHiE'MATA ; from ut8', ' change of form,'
and 'aipa, ' blood.'  The capillary or intermediate
system  of vessels in which the blood undergoes
the change from venous to arterial, and converse-
ly.— Marshall Hall.  See Capillary vessels.
   METHE, Temulentia.
   METHEGLIN, Melizomum.
   METHEMERINUS, Quotidian.
   METHOD, 31ctllodus, from ut ', 'with,' and
 '0S0;, ' way.' This word has different acceptations
 in the  sciences. In medicine, curative method,
 meth'odua meden'di, is  the  methodical  treatment
 of disease.
   Method of Counting, Method, numerical.
   Method, Mariano's, see Lithotomy.
   Method, Numer'ical, 3Iethod of Observation
 or of Counting, of Louis, (F.) 31ethode numerique,
 consists in observing every case and every symp-
 tom of  a case numerically, so as to ensure, as far
 as practicable,  accuracy of observation; and  to
 enable  us,  by the analysis  and collation of  such
 facts, to deduce general laws and  conclusions.
 Also, the application of numbers to the study  of
 disease. See Statistics, Medical.
   3IETHODE NU3IERIQUE, Method, nume-
 rical, Statistics, medical—m. Perturbatrice, Per-
 turbatrix (Medicina.)
   METHODICS, Methodists.
   3IETHODIQUES,  Methodists.
   METHODISTS, 3Icthod'ical sect, 3Iethod'ice,
 (F.) 3Iithodietes, 3Iithodiquee.   A sect of physi-
 cians whose doctrine was in vogue after that of
 the Empirics and Dogmatists, towards the end of
 the first century.   According to the Methodists,
 of whom Themison was the chief,  almost every
 disease is  dependent  on contraction or relaxa-
 tion— atrictum  or  laxum.   To these two causes,
 they added a third—mixed or compound—to in-
 clude  those affections which partook of the two
 characters.  The doctrine, medicina method'ica,
 resembled, in some respects, that of Brown.
   METHODOL'OGY (MEDICAL),3Iethodo-
 log"ia3Ied'ica,  from ptQo&os, 'method,' and loyos,
 ' a discourse.'  A word used, by  the French  more
 especially, to signify method applied to the study
 of any science.   Medical 31ethodology, conse-
 quently, means method applied to  the study of
 medicine.
   METHODUS CATALEPTICA,  see Cataleptic
 • — m.  Celsiana, see  Lithotomy — m.  Curatoria,
 Therapeutics.
   METnoDus Derivato'ria. The derivative or
 revellent system of treatment.
   Methodis Endermat'ica sou Enderm'ica, see
  Endermic — m. Franconiana, see  Lithotomy —
m. Guytoniana,  see Lithotomy — m. Medond!,
Method of cure, Therapeutics.
  METHOMA'NIA, from  utBr,,  'drunkenness,'
and pavia, ' mania.'  An irresistible desire for in-
toxicating substances.  Temulentia.
  METHYSMUS, Temulentia.
  METHYS'TICUS, from  ptdn, 'drunkenness.'
That which causes, or pertains to, drunkenness.
  METHYSTOPHYL'LUM GLAUCUM.
A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amyridacea?,
an infusion "of whose leaves is  pleasant to the
taste, and is used in bronchitis, asthma, and other
thoracic diseases. AVith the Bushmen and others,
it is a favourite  beverage, and is called by them
Boschjesmaiisthce, ' Bushman's tea.'  It is, also,
chewed.
  METODONTI'ASIS, from ptra, 'in the sense
of change,'  and  obovrtaais,  ' dentition.'   Faulty
development  of the  teeth.
  METOPAGES, Symphyocephalus.
  METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
  METOPANTRAL'GIA,   from pertonov (ptra,
and u>\L, 'the eye')  'the forehead,' avrpov, 'a ca-
vity,'  and alyos, 'pain.'  Pain in  the  frontal
sinuses.
  METOPANTRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio si'nunm
fronta'lium, from ptrtonov, ' the forehead,' avrpov,
' a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation of the frontal sinuses.
  METOPION,  Bubon galbanum.
  METOPIUM, Mesophryon.
  METOPODYNIA, Neuralgia frontalis.
  METOPON, Front, Frontal bone.
  METOPOS'COPY, 31etoposcop'ia,fromptrwirov,
' the forehead,' and axoirttv,  ' to view.'   The art
of knowing the temperament and  character of a
person by inspecting the traits of his forehead or
face.   See Physiognomy.
  METRA, Uterus.
  METRyEMORRHAGIA, Metrorrhagia.
  METRAL'GIA, 3Ietrodyn'ia,  from pnrpa, 'the
womb,' and alyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the uterus.
  METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus, inversion of
the.
   METRATRE'SIA, Imperfordtio  u'teri,  from
pnrpa  'the womb,'  and arpnaia,  'imperforation.'
An unnatural closure of the uterus.
   METRATROPH'IA, from pnrpa, 'the uterus,'
a, 'privative,' and rpotpn, 'nourishment.' Atro-
phy or want  of development of the uterus.
   METRAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  seu Sarco'ah
 u'teri, from  pnrpa, 'the uterus,' and avfa,  'in-
crease.'  Hypertrophy of the uterus.
   METRELCO'SIS,  3Ietrhelco'eia,  from pnrpa,
 'the  womb,' and 'tlnos, 'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration
 of the uterus.
   METREMPHBAX'IS, from pnrpa, 'the uterus,'
 and tptppaaam, ' I obstruct.'  Obstruction of the
 womb or of the vessels of the womb — Inflate'tus
 u'teri.   A name under which some authors have
 confounded  chronic inflammation of that viscus,
 and the different degenerations  to which  it is
 exposed.
   METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
   METREN'CHYTA, Metren'chytes, from pnrpa,
 'the uterus,'and £y^uu, 'I inject.'  Injection of
 the uterus.  Substances injected into the uterus
 are called Metren'chyta.
   METREURYS'MA, from pnrpa, and tvpvs, 'di-
 lated.'  A morbid dilatation of the womb.
   METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis.
   METRHYMENITIS, see Metritis.
   METRIOPATHPA, from ucrptos,  'tempered,'
 and  naSos,  'affection.'  State of an individual
 whose passions are temperate. 
METRITIS
561
METROSCOPE
  METRI'TIS, from pnrpa, 'the womb.'  .Fe&ri's
uterina, Hysteri'tie, Empres'ma Hysterltis, In-
flamma'tio U'teri, 3Ietrophlogo'sis, Inflammation
of the Uterua  or  Womb,  (F.) Inflammation de la
•matrice.  The characteristic symptoms  of this
affection are: — pain, swelling, and tenderness in
the hypogastric region; with heat, pain, and ten-
derness of the os  uteri; vomiting, smallness, and
frequency of  pulse.  It occurs most frequently
after delivery, when there is generally suppression
of the lochial  discharge.  The treatment must be
vigorous, — bleeding early, so as to make a de-
cided  impression;  followed by a  full dose of
opium,  fomentations, blisters, Ac.
  Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in its
internal membrane,Endo-metrl tie,3Ietrhymeil it is,
has been called Infiamma'tio catarrha'lis u'teri or
Acute catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe aigu,  of that viscus.
It is  known by the  discharge of a clear, stringy
fluid  jier raginam; preceded by  pains, which,
from  the hypogastric region, shoot to the thighs,
groins,  Ac, with  more or less fever.   It requires
the  antiphlogistic  treatment.  Chronic  metritis
sometimes succeeds the acute.  To it must be
referred the indurations, observed in the uterus,
and many of the  leucorrheal discharges to which
females are subject.
   Metritis Rheuuatica,  Metrorrheuma. — m.
Septica, Metrocace — m. Venosa, see Phlebitis.
   METROBLENNORRIKEA, Leucorrhoea uteri.
   METROCACE, 3letri'tis eep'tica, from pnrpa,
'the  womb,' and kokos,  'evil.'  Putrescency or
gangrene of the uterus.
  METROCAMPSIS, Hysteroloxia.
   M E T R 0 C A R CIN 0' M A, Hyaterocarcino'-
ma, U'tei'i carcino'ma, Cancer u'teri, from pnrpa,
' the uterus,' and  xapiavtapa, ' cancer.'   Cancer of
the uterus.
  METROCELIDES, Nsevus.
   METROCHOLO'SIS, from pnrpa, 'the uterus,'
and x°^°^i ' hile.'   Febria puerperdlia bilio'sa.
   METRODYNIA,  Metralgia.
   METROHjE'MIA, Hypermetrohemie, from pn-
rpa, ' the uterus,'  and 'aipa, ' blood.'  Hyperaemia
or congestion  of blood in the uterus.
  METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia.
   METROLOXIA, Hysteroloxia.
  METROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia.
  METROMALACOSIS, Hysteromalacia.
  METROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  METROPARALYSIS,  from pnrpa, 'the ute-
rus,' and irapalvats, 'paralysis.'   Paralysis of the
uterus.
  METROPATHI'A,  from pnrpa,  'the  womb,'
and iraOos, ' affection.'  An  affection of the womb.
  3IETRO-PERITONITE PUERPERALE,
see Peritonitis.
  METROPERITONITIS, from pnrpa, ' the ute-
rus,'and 'peritonitis.' Inflamma'tio u'teri et peri-
tonai.  Inflammation of the uterus and perito-
neum.   Puerperal Fever.  See Peritonitis.
  METROl'HLEBFTISjfromMrpa, 'the uterus,'
<*Ar\t, ' a vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation  of the veins  of the uterus.
  Metrophlebitis Puerperalis, see  Phlebitis.
  METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis.
  METROPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  uterina, from
unrpa, 'the uterus,' and tpdaa, 'I consume.'  Con-
sumption from ulceration of the uterus—Ul'cera
sen Helco'sis u'teri.
  METROPOL'YPUS, Hys'tero-pol'ypus,  Poly-
pus U'teri, from pnrpa, ' the uterus,' and polypus.
Polypus of the uterus.
  METROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
  METROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
      30
   METRORRHAGIA, 31etramorrhag"ia, Ha-
 morrhagia uterina, H. u'teri, Sanguiflux'ua ute-
 ri'nua, San'guinia atillicid'iuin ab U'tero,  Fluor
 uteri'ni aan'guinie, Profiu'vium San'guinis ex u'te-
 ro, Hyaterorrhag"ia eonguin'ea,  Hyeterorrhte'a,
 Hamorrhoe'a uterina (of some),3Ienorrhag"ia (of
 some), Uterine Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the
 Womb, 3Ietrohemorrhage, Hamatome'tra, Hama-
 tomdtra, (F.) Himorrhagie de la 31atrice, Pertea,
 Pertea utirinea  rouges, P. de sang; from pnrpa,
 'the  womb,' and pnyvvpi, 'I break forth.'  An
 effusion  of blood from the inner surface of the
 uterus, either at the menstrual or other periods;
 but in a greater quantity than proper.   Uterine
 hemorrhage  may be caused  by those influences
 which produce  hemorrhage in general.   It hap-
 pens, however, more frequently during pregnancy,
 and during or after delivery, when the vascular
 system of the uterus  is so circumstanced as  to
 favour its occurrence more than at other periods.
 The  termination of metrorrhagia is usually fa-
 vourable.  Should it,  however, be very copious,
 or frequently recur; or should  it happen to a
 great extent after delivery, death may occur very
 speedily; and,  in  some cases, without the dis-
 charge being perceptible; constituting internal
 hemorrhage.
   Uterine hemorrhage may be actire or passive ;
 requiring obviously a different treatment.  The
 general  management is similar to that of hemor-
 rhage in general;—the horizontal posture; acid
 drinks;  free admission of cool air; cold applica-
 tions to  the loins, thighs, and abdomen ;  injection
 of cold water, even of iced water, into the vagina;
 plugging the vagina, so  as to prevent the dis-
 charge per vaginam, and thus induce a coagulum
 in the mouths of the bleeding vessel.  Such will
 be the special plan adopted where the hemorrhage
 has occurred in one not recently delivered.  In
 uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the same cool-
 ing plan must  be  followed; but, as the flow of
 blood is owing to the uterus not contracting so
 as to constringe its vessels,  pressure  must be
 made on the abdomen  to aid this; and,  if neces-
 sary, the hand must be introduced into the uterus
 to stimulate it to contraction.  Should the female
 be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou-
 cheur apprehensive that she may expire from loss
 of blood, brandy may be exhibited.  The profuse
 exhibition of opium in such cases, is, at least, a
 doubtful plan.
   Transfusion has, at  times, been practised as a
 last resource.
   METRORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  U'teri,
 Hysteralgia rheumat'ica seu catarrha'lis, 3Ietrl-
 tis rheumat'ica,  (F.)  Rheumatisme de  lutirus;
 from pnrpa,  'the womb,'  and ptvpa, ' defluxion,'
 rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the uterus.
   METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the.
   METRORRHEA,  from pnrpa, 'the uterus,'
 and pto), ' I flow.' A protracted discharge of any
 fluid from the uterus.
   METROSCIRRHUS, Hyateroacir'rhua, Scir-
 rhua  seu  Carcino'ma  u'teri,  from  pnrpa,  ' the
 womb,'  and axippos, ' scirrhus.'   Scirrhus of the
 uterus.
   MET'ROSCOPE, 3Ietroscop'ium,  from  pnrpa,
 'the  uterus,' and axoirtui, 'to view.'   An  instru-
 ment, invented  by M. Nauche,  for listening to
 the sounds of the heart of  the  foetus in  utero-
[ gestation, when  the sounds  and movements are
 imperceptible through the parietes of the abdo-
 men.   The  extremity of the  instrument — the
 first notion of which was given to M. Nauche by
 the stethoscope of Laennec — is  introduced into
 the vagina and applied  against  the neck of the
 uterus. 
METROSIDEROS
562
MIDWIFERY
  METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA, see Kino.
  METROSTERE'SIS, from pnrpa, 'the uterus,'
and artpnais, ' privation.' Extirpation of the ute-
rus.  AVant of uterus.
  METROTOMIA, Caesarean section.
  MEU, iEthusa meum.
  31EULIE RE, Molar.
  MEUM,  JSthusa meum — m.  Anethifolium,
iEthusa  meum — m.  Athamanticum,  iEthusa
meum.
  3IEURTRISSURE, Contusion.
  MEVIUM, Syphilis.
  MEZEA, Genital organs.
  MEZEREON, Daphne mezereum.
  MIAMMA, Miasma.
  MIANSIS, Miasma.
  MIARIA, Miasma.
  MIAS'MA, 31iasm, piaapa, 'a stain,' from piat-
vw,' I contaminate.' Miam'ma, Mian'sis, Mid ria,
3tias'mus, Inquinamen'turn, Molyn'aie, Contdgium.
The word  miaam has, by some,  been  employed
synonymously with contagion.   It is  now used
more definitely for any emanation, either from
the bodies of the sick, or from animal and vege-
table substances, or from the earth, especially in
marshy districts, (31arah poiaon, Efflu'vium pa-
lus'tre,  Gaa palua'tre, IF.) Intoxication,  des 31a-
raia,) which may exert a  morbid influence on
those who are  exposed to  its action.   To these
terrestrial  emanations—the Koino-mias'mata  of
Dr. E. Miller, of New York — the Italians give
the name aria cattiva, but,  more commonly, ma-
 id ria;  a  word which has been  adopted into
 other languages.  The deleterious effluvia, origi-
 nating from the decomposition of matter derived
 from the human body, have been called by Dr.
 Miller, Idiomias'mata; the epithets Koino and
 Idio being derived respectively from koivos, ' com-
 mon,' and tSios, ' personal.'  Of the miasms  which
 arise either  from the animal body or from the
 most unhealthy situations,  we know, chemically,
 nothing.   All that we  do  know is, that,  under
 such circumstances, emanations take place, capa-
 ble of causing disease in many of those who are
 exposed to their action.
    MIASMATTC, Miasmat'icus.  Belonging or
 relating to miasmata.  Sauvages, in his classifi-
 cation of diseases according to their etiology, has
 a  class  under the name 3Iorbi miasmalici.  A
 fever that arises from marsy miasms,  is  styled
 maldrious, pallidal, HeU>p'yra, Helopyr'etus, Ac.
    MIASMUS, Miasma.
    MIC^E  PAN IS, see Triticum.
    MICATIO CORDIS, Systole.
    MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Champaca, 3Ii-
 chelia Tsjampaca.  An Oriental tree, much prized
 for the odour and beauty of its flowers.  The oily
 infusion of the flowers is employed in the  Moluc-
 cas in headaeh.
    MICLE'TA:  A medicine used by  Mesue for
 arresting  hemorrhage; perhaps,  according  to
 Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michnata, "proved
 by experience."
    MICOSIS, Framboesia.
    MICRENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. ,
    MICRENCEPHALON, Cretinism.
    MICRENCEPHALUM, Cerebellum.
    MICROCEPH'ALUS,  3Iicrocrdnius, from
  HKpos, 'small,' and Kttpaln, 'head.'  One who has
  a small head.  A monster having a small imper-
  fect head, or a small imperfect cranium.
    MICROCORIA,  Myosis.
    MI'CPiOCOSM, 3Iicrocoa'mus, from piicpos,
  'little,'  and  Koapos,  'world.'   A  little  world.
  Some philosophers have given this appellation to
  man, whom they consider as the epitome of all
that is admirable in the world.  The world they
call 31 acrocoam.
  MICROCOSMETOR, Vital principle.
  MICROCOSM'ICA MACHI'NA.  The organ-
ism of man.
  Microcosmica Scientia, Physiology.
  Microcosmicum Sal, with the ancients meant
the salts of the urine, — Sal uri'na.
  MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA, Physiology.
  MICROCOUST'IC, 3Iicrocue''ticua, from pticpos,
' small,' and anova, ' I hear.'   This word, as well
as 31icrophonous, from pticpos, ' small,' and tjiwyn,
' voice,' means any thing that contributes to in-
crease  the  intensity of sound — as the speaking
trumpet — by collecting  the sonorous rays.
  MICROCRANIUS, Microoephalus.
  MICROGLOSSIA, from  piicpos, 'small,' and
yktaoca, 'tongue.'  Original smallness of tongue.
  MICROLEUCONYMPHiEA, Nymphaea alba.
  MICROM'ELUS,  Hemim'elea,  from piicpos,
 ' small,' and ptlos, ' a limb.'   A monster having
 imperfectly developed extremities.
  MICROMMATUS, Microphthalmus.
  MICROPHONOUS, Microcoustic.
  MICROPHTHAL'MUS,  3Iicrom'matua, from
 piicpos, 'little,' and otp&alpos, 'eye.'  One who has
 small eyes.  A monster  with too small, or imper-
 fectly developed eyes.   A small eye, — Ophthal-
 mid'inm, Ophthal'mium.
   MICROPODIA, Micropus.
   MICROPROSO'PUS, Aproao'pue, from piicpos,
 'small,' and irpoaiawov, 'face.'   A monster in which
 a part of the face is absent.
   MI'CROPUS, from  piicpos,  'small,' and  irovs,
 'foot.'  One who has small  feet.  The condition
 is called 3Iicropo'dia.
   MICROR'CHIDES ;  from  pticpos, ' small,' and
 opxis,  'a testicle.'  They who have very small
 testicles.
   MI'CROSCOPY, 3Iicroacop'ium; from pticpos,
 ' small,' and axonn, ' a view.'  Observation by the
 microscope; an important agency in the exami-
 nation of the healthy and morbid tissues.
   MICROSPHYC'TUS, same etymon as the
 next.   One who has a small pulse.
   MICROSPHYXIA,  from piicpos, and atpvypos,
 'pulse.'  Smallness or weakness of pulse.
   MICROS'TOMUS;  from  piicpos, ' small,' and
 aropa, ' mouth.'  One who has a small mouth.
    MICROTE'SIA, Par'tium organicdrum par'-
 vitaa morbo'aa; from pacporns, 'smallness.'  Mor-
  bid smallness of organic parts.
    MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia.
    MICROTRICHTA; from pticpos, 'small,'and
  fyif, ' hair.'  Fineness or shortness of  hair.
    MICROTROPHIA, Leptotrophia.
    MICTIO, Micturition —m. Cruenta, Haematu-
  ria—m. Inopportuna, Enuresis—m. Involuntaria,
  Enuresis — m.  Sanguinea, Hsematuria.
    3IICT10N, Micturition.
    MICTURFT'ION,   3Iic'tio, 3tictua,  Ure'ais,
  Uri'aaia,  Omiche'sia, (F.) 3Iiction, from mictnrio,
  'I make water.'  The act of making water.  Also,
  morbid frequency of passing the water.
    MICTUS, Micturition — m. Cruentus, Hsema-
  turia.
    MIDRIFF, Diaphragm.
    MIDWIFE, from mitf, 'with,' and pir, 'wife,
  or,  from  miS,  'meed,' 'recompense,'  and pir,
  ' wife.'  3Iatro'na, Obetet'rix, Hypere'tria, 3Iaa,
  3Iaae, 31cvu'tria, Acea'toria, Acea'tria, Acea'tria,
  (F.)  Sage femme, Accoucheuse.  A female who
  practises obstetrics.
    MIDAVIFERY, Obstetrics. 
MIEL
563
MILK
   MIEL, Mol—m. d'Acetate de Cuivre, Linimen-
 tum aeruginis — m. 31ercuriale compose, Mellitum
 de mercuriali compositum.
   MIEUTER, Accoucheur.
   MIGMA, Mistura,
   MIGRAINE, Hemicrania.
   MIGRANA,  Hemicrania.
   MIKANIA GCACO, Guaco.
   MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium.
   311 LI AIRE,  Miliary fever.
   MILIARIA,  Miliary fever —m.  Sudans,  Mi-
 liary fever — in. Sudatoria, Miliary fever.
   MILIAR1S SUDATORIA, Sudor anglicus, S.
 picardicus.
   MIL'IARY  (FEVER,) Emphly'sis milidrih,
 Miliaria,  31. sudans,  31ilidris, 31. sudato'ria,
 Sudor, S. milin'ris,  Pap'ula miliftris, Febria mi-
 liar is,  Exanthe'ma  miliaria, Syn'ochua miliaria,
 Aspre'do militlcea,  Febris eaeero'ea, F. puncticu-
 la'rie,  F- culicula'ris^  F. veeiculdris, F. lenticu-
 la'rie,  Pur'pura puerpera'rum,  P.  milidria, Fe-
 bria purpura'te rubra  et  alba milia'ris, Pap'ula
 eudo'ris,  3Iillet-aeed raah, (F.)  31iliaire, 3Iillot,
 Pourpre blanc,  3Iillet.  It is so called from the
 eruption  resembling the  seed  of the milium or
 millet.   Fever,  accompanied by an eruption of
 small, red, isolated pimples, rarely confluent, but
 almost always  very  numerous, slightly raised
 above the skin,  and presenting, at the end of 24
 hours, a small vesicle filled with a white transpa-
 rent fluid; which quickly dries up, and separates
 in the form of scales.   Miliary fever is now rare,
 in consequence  of the cooling practice in fevers
 ■tnd other states  of the  system.   It is  almost
 always brought on  by external heat, and hence
 the prevention  is obvious.   The  treatment is
 simple.  It  requires  merely  the antiphlogistic
 regimen, in ordinary cases.
   Miliary Granulations or  Tubercles,  see
 Granulation.
   MILII SEA1INA, Panicum Italicum.
   MILIOLUM.. Diminutive of milium, 'millet.'
 Cenchrid ion. A  small tumour on  the  eyelids,
 resembling, in size, a millet-seed.
   MILITARIS  HERBA, Achillea millefolium.
   MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panicum  miliaceum,  see
 Hydatid—m.  Esculentum, Panicum miliaceum—
 m. Indicum,  Panicum Italicum — m. Panicum,
 Panicum  miliaceum — m. Solis, Lithospermum
 officinale.
   MILK, Sax.  meolc, Lac, Gala,  Humor lac'-
 teus, Latex ni'veua,  (F.) Lait.  A fluid secreted
 by the  mammary  glands of the females  of  the
 mammalia.   The skimmed milk of the cow,.(F.)
 Lait de Vache,  contains water,  caseous  matter,
 traces of butter,  sugar of milk, chloride of sodium,
 phosphate, and acetate of potass, lactic acid, lae-
 tato of  iron,  and earthy phosphate.  The cream
 is formed of butter, casein, and whey, in which
 there is sugar  of milk and salts.   When exa-
 mined by the microscope,  milk is seen to  contain
 a large number of particles, of irregular size and
 shape, varying  from T^otfth to ;nrVuth of an
 inch in diameter.   They  consist of oily  matter,
 surrounded  by  a  delicate pellicle,  and are  the
 milk globidea.
   Cow's milk is  employed for the preparation of
 cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, and
 frangipane.   It is useful in a number of cases of
 poisoning;  either by acting as a demulcent, or
 by decomposing  certain poisons, or by combining
 with others so as to neutralize them.  It is con-
 stantly employed as aliment, and may be regarded
 as an emulsion  in which  butter and casein  are
found in suspension.   AVhen taken into the  sto-
 mach, it is coagulated  by the gastric fluids, and
the coagulum is digested  like any other solid.
 The watery parts are absorbed.
  Between milk, flour, and blood, there is great
similarity of composition.  The  following table
is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson:

                                      Blood.
                                    Fibrin,
                                    Albumen,
                                    Casein,
                                    Colouring
                                      matter.
                                    Fat.
    Milk.          PUrur.
               f Fibrin,
               |  Albumen,
Curd or Casein, -j  Casein,
                 Gluten.

Butter.............   Oil.
^.............{is,     }****•
Chloride of potassium,
           sodium,
Phosphate of soda,
-----------lime,
-----------magnesia,
-----------iron,
Do.
Do.
  From a considerable number of experiments,
Messrs. Deyeux and Parmentier class the six
kinds of milk, which they  examined, according
to the following table,  as  regards  the relative
quantity of materials they contain. .
Caaein.	Butter.	Sugar of Milk.	Serum.
Goat Sheep Cow	Sheep Cow Goat	AVoman Ass Mare	Ass AVoman Mare
Ass AVoman Mare	AVoman Ass Mare	Cow Goat Sheep	Cow Goat • Sheep
  Milk  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa—
m. Almond, Emulsio amygdalae.
  Milk and  Soda Water.  An agreeable mode
of taking milk in cases where it lies heavily on
the stomach.  Heat, nearly to boiling, a teacup-
ful of milk; dissolve in it a teaspoonful of augar,
put it into a large tumbler,  and pour over it two-
thirds of a bottle of aoda water.
  Milk, Asses', (F.) Lait d'Aneaae, considerably
resembles human milk, of which it has the con-
sistence, smell, and taste:  but it contains a little
less cream, and more soft, caseous matter.  It is
often  used by those labouring under pulmonary
affections.
  Artificial Asses' 3li/k may be made by taking
gelatin §ss; dissolving it, by the aid of heat, in
barley water Oij ;  adding refined sugar gj ; pour-
ing into  the mixture new milk Oj; and beating
the whole with a whisk.
  It may also be prepared by dissolving sugar
of milk §ij in tepid skimmed cow's milk Oj.
  Milk,  Ewes', (F.) Lait de  Brebia.  It affords
more cream than cows' milk; but  the butter is
softer.   The caseum, on the contrary, is fatter,
and more viscid.  It contains less serum  than
cow's  milk.  The Roquefort cheeses are made
from it.
  Milk  Fever,  see  Fever,   milk — m. Glass,
Breast glass — m. Globules, see Milk.
  Milk,_ Goats',  (F.) Lait  de  Chivre, resembles
cows'  milk:  the  butyraceous  matter,  however,
which enters into its composition, is more  solid
than that of the  cow.
  Artificitd Goata' 3Iilk may  be made by taking
fresh auet £j ;  cutting it into small pieces; tying
it in a muslin bag, large  enough to leave the
morsels  free from compression; and boiling in a
quart of  cowa' milk, sweetened with  a quarter of
an ounce of white sugar candy.
  Used as a diet in scrofulous cases, and also in
phthisis. 
MILKY
564
MINT
  Milk, Human, (F.) Lait de femme, — contains
more sugar, milk, and  cream, and less caseum,
than cows' milk.  Its composition differs accord-
ing to the distance of time from  delivery.
  Milk Knot, Galacto-gan'glion; (F.) Ganglion
laiteux.  The knots often observed in the breast
after inflammation of the organ,  or for some time
after the suppression of the secretion.  They ge-
nerally end by resolution.
  Milk Leg, Phlegmatia dolens — m.  Males',
Sperm.
  Milk, Mares',  (F.) Lait de Jument,—contains
only a small quantity of fluid butyraceous matter;
a little  cascum, softer than that of cows' milk, and
more serum.
  Milk Scall, Porrigo larvalis.
  Milk Sickness, Sick atomach, Swamp sicknesa,
Tires,  Slows, Stiff  joints, Puking fever, River
sickness.  A disease occasionally observed in the
states of Alabama, Indiana, and Kentucky, which
affects  both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter.
It is attributed in cattle to  something eaten or
drunk  by them; and in man  to the eating of the
flesh of animals  labouring  under the  disease.
Owing  to the tremors that characterize it in ani-
mals, it is called the Trembles.  It is endemic.
  The  symptoms of the disease  are such as are
produced by the acro-narcotic class of poisons —
vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agitation,
Ac.: and the approved indications of  treatment
appear to be—gentle emetics and laxatives, with
quiet, and mucilaginous drinks.
  Milk. Snakes', Euphorbia corollata—m. Spots,
Strophulus—m. Stone, Morochthus—m. Sugar of,
Sugar-of milk — m.  of Sulphur, Sulphur praeeipi-
tatum— m. Sweet, Galium verum—m. Teeth, see
Dentition — m.  Thrush, Aphthae—m. Vetch, As-
tragalus verus — m. Aretch, stemless, Astragalus
exscapus — m.  AVeed, Apocynum androsaemifo-
lium, Asclepias Syriaca,  Euphorbia corollata —
m. AVeed, long-leaved, green, Acerates  longifolia
— m. AVeed,  smooth, Asclepias  Sullivantii — m.
AVort, bitter, Polygala amara—m. Wort, common,
Polygala—m. AVort, dwarf,  Polygala  paucifolia
—m. AVort, rattlesnake, Polygala.
  MILKY, Lactic.
  MILL MOUNTAIN, Linum catharticum.
  3IILLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium.
  MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefolium.
  MILLEMORBIA SCROPHULARIA, Scro-
phularia nodosa.
  MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli.
  3IILLEPERTUIS  ORDINAIRE, Hyperi-
cum perforatum.
  3IILLET,  Aphthae, Miliary fever—m. Barba-
does, Panicum Italicum—m. Common, Panicum
miliaceum — m. Indian, Panicum Italicum — m.
des Oiseaux,  Panicum  Italicum — m. Ordinaire,
Panicum miliaceum.
  MILLET-SEED  RASH, Miliary fever.
  MILLIGRAMME, from mille, 'a thousand,'
and ypappa, 'a  gramme.'  The  thousandth part
of a gramme ; — about  0.0154 Troy grain.
  MILLIGRANA,  Herniaria glabra.
  3IILLI3IETRE,  Millim'eter, from   mille, 'a
thousand,'  and ptrpov,  ' measure.'  The thou-
sandth part of the metre; — equal to  0.03937
English inch, or about twO-fifths of a line.
  3IILLOT, Miliary fever.
  MILPHvE, Madarosis.
  MILPHOSIS, Madarosis.
  MILT-LIKE TUMOUR, Encephaloid.
  MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
  MILTAVASTE, Asplenium.
  MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu —m. Cochlia-
carpa,  see  Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis — m.
Leucophlea, see Spirit (Arrack)—m. Nilotica, see
Acaciae gummi—m. Scandens,  Ca^hang-parang
— m. Senegal, see Senegal, gum — m. A'irginaRs,
see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis.
  MINI), ABSENCE OF, Aphclxia socors — m.
Abstraction of, Aphelxia intenta—m. Unsound,
Insanity.
  MINERALIUM, Antimonium.
  MINER'S  ELBOAV.   An  enlargement of a
bursa over the  olecranon, occurring |n  such as
are  in  the habit of leaning much  upon it; and,
therefore, often seen in those who work on  the
side in low-roofed mines.
  MINIM'ETER; badly compounded from  mi-
nimum and ptrpov, 'measure.'  An instrument for
measuring minims, invented  by Mr. Alsop.  It
consists of a  glass tube, graduated from the  co-
nical point in# minims ; and  having a piston, by
the elevation  of whieh, fluid may be drawn into
the tube, and by its depression be forced from it.
  MIN'IMUM, a minim, 'the least part or por-
tion.'   The   60th  part of a  fluidrachm.  This
measure has been introduced by the London Col-
lege of Physicians, in consequence of the uncer-
tainty of the  size of the drop, (see Gutta.)  The
subdivision of the wine  pint has, accordingly,
been extended to the 60th part of the fluidrachm;
and glass measures, called i' minim-measures,"
have been adopted by the London College.  The
proportion between the minims  and the drops of
various fluid  preparations is exhibited in the fol-
lowing table.   The results were obtained by Mr.
Durand,  a skilful  pharmacicn  of Philadelphia,
under circumstances, as regards the different ar-
ticles, as nearly identical  as possible.

Table of the Number of Drops  of different
    Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm.
Acid Acetic, crystallizable.................120
Acid Hydrocyanic (medicinal).............45
---Muriatic............................  54
---Nitric..............................  84
---------diluted (1 to 7)...»...........  51
---Sulphuric...........................  90
-----------aromatic...................120
------------diluted (1  to 7).............  51
Alcohol (rectified Spirit)..................138
Alcohol, diluted (proof'Spirit)..............120
Arsenite  of Potassa, solution of.............57
Ether, Sulphuric.........................150
Oils of Aniseed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper-
    mint, Sweet Almonds, Olives.......... .120
Tinctures of  Asafcetida,  Foxglove, Guaiac,
    Opium,..............................120
Tincture of Chloride of Iron...............132
Vinegar, distilled.........................  78
--------of Colchicum.................... 78
--------of Opium (black drop)...........  78
--------of Squill........................ 78
Water, distilled...........................  45
AVater of Ammonia (strong)................ 54
  Do      do.     (weak).................45
Wine (Teneriffe).......................... 78
-----Antimonial......................... 72
-----of Colchicum....................... 75
-----of Opium.......................... 78
  MINISTER GYMNASTS, Psedotribes.
  MINITHOSIS, Meiosis.
  MINIUM,  Plumbi oxydum rubrum—m. Grse-
corum,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum — m.
Purum, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
  MINOR HEL'ICIS.  A muscle situate on the
posterior border of the  helix of the ear,  at its
commencement in  the fossa of the concha.
  MINORATIVUS, Laxative.
  MINT, COCK,  Tanacetum balsamita — m.
Curled, Mentha  crispa — m.  Cat,  Nepeta — m.
Horse, Monarda coccinea and M. punctata — m. 
MINUTIIESIS
565
MITHRIDATE
Horse, hairy, Blephilia. hirsuta—m. Horse, Ohio,
Blephilia hirsuta — m. Horse, sweet, Cunila Ma-
riana—m. Hyssop-leaved, Mentha cervina.
  Mint Julep.   A drink, consisting of brandy,
sugar, and pounded  ice,  flavoured by sprigs of
mint.  It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant.
  Mint, Mm ntain, Monarda coccinea,—m. Moun-
tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum—m. Pep-
per,  Mentha piperita — m. Spear,  Mentha viridis
—m. Squaw, Hedcoma—m. Stone, Cunila Mari-
ana—m. AVater, Mentha aquatica.
  MINUTIIESIS, Meiosis.
  MINYANTHES, Menyanthes.
  MIOSIS, Meiosis.
  MIROCELE, Merocele.
  MISADIR, Ammonise murias.
  MISANTHRO'PIA, 3fisan'thropy, Exanthro'-
pia,  Phygauthro'pia, from ptaos, 'hatred,' and
avSpuiKos, 'man.'  Aversion to man and society;—
a symptom of melancholy, and hypochondriasis.
  MISCARRIAGE, Abortion.
  MISERERE  MEI, Ileus.
  MISIIME TEETA, Coptis teeta.
  MISMAR, 31esemar.   A name given by Avi-
cenna to a kind of nodus, which forms on  the
toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation
of those parts.
  MISOPTO'CHUS,  from  ptaos, 'hatred,'  and
irroi^of, 'poor.'   That which has hatred for  the
poor.  The gout has  been so called by some, be-
cause it commonly affects the rich.
  MISSADAN. Hydrargyrum.
  MISSIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting.
  MISTIO, Mistura.
  MISTLETOE, Ariscum  album—m. Yellowish,
Viscum flavescens.
  MISTU'RA, 31igma, 3Iis'tio, -Mix'tio, 3Iixtu'ra,
a mixture; from miscere, mixtum,' 'to mix.'  A
mingled compound, in which different ingredients
are contained in the fluid state ; suspended or not
by means of mucilaginous or saccharine matter.
In this sense, it is synonymous with the French
Potion.  In  France,  however, the word mixture
is more frequently understood to mean a liquid
medicine, which  contains very active substances,
and can only be administered by  drops.  A mix-
ture, in other words, in the French sense, may be
regarded as a potion  deprived of watery vehicle.
  3IISTURA, (S.)   A fragrant yellow-coloured
water, used as a perfume by the ladies of Peru.
It is prepared from gillyflower, jasmine, and flor
de  mistela (Talinum  umbellatum).   See Campo-
manesia lineatifolia.
  Mistura Ac"idi Hydrocyan'ici, 3Iixture of
Prussic acid, 3lilangc pectoral (Magendie).  (3Ie-
dicinal prussic  acid, gj, distilled water, §xiv,
pure augar,  ,5iss.)   A  dessert-spoonful every
morning and evening, as a pectoral, Ac.
  Mistura Ammoni'aci, Lac ammoniaci, 3Iixture
of ammoniac.  (Ammoniac. 3'j> aqua Oss.   Rub
the  ammoniacum:  adding the water gradually
until they are perfectly mixed.) Dose, f§ss to ^j.
  Mistira Amygdai.jE,  Emulsio amygdalae.
  Mistura Asafce'tid.e,  Lac asafcetida, Emul-
sio antihyater'ica, 3Iixture of aaafcetida, (F.) Lait
d'asafcetida.  (Aaaftxtida gij, aqua. Oss.   Rub
together, adding the water by  degrees.)  Used
where pills cannot be swallowed, and as a glyster
in irritations during  dentition, and in ascarides.
Dose, f Jss to f^iss.
  Mistura Asafoetid.e  pro Clysmate, Enema
fcetidum.
  Mistura Cam'phor^:, Aqua camphora (Ph. U.
S.),  Camphor mixture,  Camphor julep,  3Iiatura
camphora'ta, Jula'pium e camphora seu campho-
ratum,  (F.) Julep camphri.  (Camphor, gij, al-
cohol, TTlxI, magnea.  carb. ,~iv, aqua  Oij.   Rub
the  camphor with the alcohol,  and  afterwards
with the magnesia,  add the water,  and filter.)
A'irtues like  those  of camphor.   See  Emulsio
camphorae.
  Mistura Cornu Usti, Decoc'tum. .r>rnu cervi'ni,
Decoc'tum album, Decoction of burnt hartshorn,
31ixture of burnt hartshorn.  (Cornuitm ust.  ^ij,
acacia gum.  cont.  ,^j,  aqua  Oiij.   Boil to Oij,
constantly stirring, and strain.  Ph.  L.)
  Mistura Cret^E, Potio carbona'tis calcis, 3Iis-
tnra cretdcea, 3Iucildgo cretica, Chalk  mixture,
Creta'ceous  mixture,   (F.)  3Iixture  de  Craie.
(Creta pp. §ss, sacchar., acacia^ gum. in pulv.,
aa 5'j> aqua cinnam., aqua, aa f^iv-  ^]x-  j?n"
U. S.)  Antacid and absorbent. Dose, f^j to ^ij.
  Mistura  Diabol'ica.  A mixture under this
name  is kept  in military hospitals  for malin-
gerers.   It is made of sundry nauseous ingre-
dients, as aloes, asafcetida, castor,  Ac, and  is
given so as to keep up a disagreeable impression
on the gustatory nerves.
  Mistura  Emeti'n* Vomito'ria,  Emetic mix-
ture of emetine.  (Emetine 4  gr., orange flower
water ^ij, syrup ^ss ;  M.)  A  dessert-spoonful
every half hour till it acts.
  Mistura Ferri Compos'ita, Compound mix-
ture of iron, (F.) 3tixture de fer composie, Grif-
fith's mixture.  (Myrrh cont. gj, potassa carb.
gr. xxv,  aqua rosa f'^viiss, ferri sulph. in pulv.
►)j,  sp. lavand. ^ss, sacchar.  gj.  Rub together
the  myrrh, subcarbonate of potassa, and  sugar;
then add, while triturating, the rose-water, spirit
of  nutmeg;  and, lastly, the sulphate of iron.
Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and
stop it close.  Ph. U. S.)   It is tonic and emme-
nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated.
  Mistura  Glycyrrhi'z.e   Compos'ita,  Com-
pound mixture of Liq'uorice, Brown  31ixture.
(Extract. Glycyrrhiz. pulv., Acaeia pulv.,  Sac-
char., aa §ss ;  Tinct. opii camphorat. _t"3ij ;  Vi».
antimon. f^j ;  Spirit, ather. nitric. f§ss; Aqua
f^xij. -Rub the liquorice, gum arable, and sugar
with the water, gradually poured  upon them;
add the  other ingredients  and mix.  Ph. U. S.)
A popular cough medicine, but not  deserving of
being  made officinal.   Dose,  a tablespoonful  or
fgss.
   Mistura Guai'aci,  3Iixture of guaiac, Lac
guaiaci, Emulsio  guaiaci na, Mistura guaiaci
gummo'sa, 31.  gummi gua'iaci Bergeri, Solu'tio
guaiaci  gummo'sa, S.  resi'na guaiaei aquo'ea,
 (F.) 3Iixture de Guyac.  (Guaiac. g. reain. giss,
sacch. pur. 5Jij>  muc. acacia gum. 3>j> a(l- cinnam.
f^viij.  Rub the guaiacum with the sugar;  then
with the mucilage.  Add, gradually, the cinna-
mon water.  Ph. L.)  Dose, fgss to fgij.
   Mistura Gummi Guaiaci  Bergeri, Mistura
 Guaiaci—m. Leniens, Looch ex ovo.
   Mistura Moschi, 31usk mixture, 3Iistura mos-
chdta.  (3Ioachi, acacia gum. contus., sacch. pu-
rif., sing. 3J, aq. roea f^vj.   Rub the musk with
the  sugar;  add the  gum, and, by  degrees, the
rose-water.   Ph. L.)   Dose, fgss to fgij.
   Mistura Strych'ni.e, 3Iixture of etrycllnia.
 (Distilled water, 3ij, very pure strychnia, 1 gr.,
white sugar, ^ij : M.)   Dose, a dessert-spoonful.
   Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir acidum
 Halleri — m. A'ulneraria  acida—Arquebusade,
 Eau d'.
   MITCHEL'LA  REPENS, Partridge berry.
 A pretty little  indigenous trailing evergreen, of
 the Cinchona family—Cinchoneae,—whieh flow-
 ers  from June  to July.  It has been considered
 an expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic; and
 has been prescribed in  dropsy and gout.
   MITELLA, Sling.
   MITH'RIPATE,  3!itl,dih,'tium,  Mithridat'-
icum mec/icamcu'tiiin, Antid'otum 3'ithrida'tium,
| Diascin'ci antid'otus, Confce'tio Damoc'ratia.  A. 
MITHRIDATICUM
566
MOFFAT
very compound electuary, into which entered —
Myrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna-
mon, Frankincense, Garlic,  3Iustard, Birthwort,
Galbanum, Castor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel-
lium, Gum Arabic,  Opium, Gentian, Orris, Saga-
penum,  Valerian,  Acacia,  Hypericum,  Canary
wine, Honey, Ac.   It v*as invented by Mithrida-
tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for-
merly regarded as alexipharmic.  It is little used
at the present day, and, from  its  heterogeneous
nature, should be wholly abandoned.
   MITHRIDATICUM MEDICAMENTUM,Mi-
thridate.              .
   MITIGANS, Lenitive.
Lily, Rosemary, Lavender, Borage, Broom, Rosea,
Violet, Saffron, Thyme, Storax, Galbanum, &C.
  MNEMONEUTICE, Mnemonics.
  MNEMON'ICS, 3Incmon'ice,  Mnemoneu'tici,
from pvaopai, ' I recollect.'  The art of aiding the
memory by signs f>and of forming, in  some sort,
an artificial memory.
  MOANING, from Sax. maenan,  'to grieve.'
Reepirdtio luctuo'sa, 3Iychthia'mos.  A plaintive
respiration, in which the patient utters audible
groans — moana, (F.) Gimissemens.
  MOBILE, see Saint Augustine.
  MOBILTTY, 3Iobilitas, from mob'ilie, contrac-
tion of movibilie, ' that can be moved.'  The power
MITRA HIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hippo-  of being moved.  In phyaiology,  great nervous
                                           I susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to con-
                      Having the form of a j vulsion.  Greatly developed excitability.
crafe.
  MITRAL,  3Ii'trdlis
mitre ;  resembling a bishop's mitre
  Mitral A'alves,  Valvula mitrdles, V. Cordis
mitra'les,  V. ejji'«co/>a7e«, V. bicuapida'lea.   Two
triangular valves at the opening of communi-
cation between the left auricle of the heart and
the corresponding ventricle.   These valves are
formed by the inner membrane of the left cavi-
ties of the heart; and are retained on the side of
the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceeding from
the columnae carneae.   They form a species of
valve, which  permit the blood to pass from the
auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return.
  MITRIUM, Sling.
  31ITTE (F.), Ejflu'vium  Latrindrium.   An
emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly
irritates the eyes. It consists of ammonia, united
to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids.
  MIUAMARU, see Arrow poison.
  MINIS, Coition.
  MIXTIO, Mistura.
  MIXTURA, Mistura.
  MIXTURE, Mistura — m.  of Ammoniac, Mis-
tura ammoniaci — m. of Asafcetida, Mistura asa-
foetidae — m. Brown, Mistura glycyrrhizse. compo-
sita— m.  Cahnante,  Looch ex ovo — m. Camphor,
Mistura camphorae — m. Chalk, Mistura cretae —
971. de Craie, Mistura cretae—m. Cretaceous, Mis-
tura cretae—m. of Emetine, emetic, Mistura eme-
tina) vomitoria—m. de Fer compoaie, Mistura ferri
composita — m. de Gayae,  Mistura Guaiaci — m.
Griffith's, Mistura ferri composita—m. of Guaiac,
Mistura Guaiaci — m. of Hartshorn, burnt, Mis-
tura cornu usti—m. of Iron, compound, Mistura
ferri composita.
  Mixture,  Hope's.  A mixture recommended
by Mr. Hope, in diarrhoea and  dysentery.   It is
essentially a  nitrate of morphia. Although the
proposer  employed the acidum nitrosum  of the
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid  is gene-
rally used.   (Acid,  nitroa. f^j ; Aqua camphor.
f ^ viij ; Tinct. opii gtt.  xl.;  M.)  Dose, a fourth
part every three or four hours.
   Mixture of  Liquorice, Compound, Mistura
glycyrrhizse composita.
   Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi—m. Neutral,
 Liquor potassae citratis—m. of Prussic acid, Mis-
 tura acidi hydrocyanici.
   Mixture,  Scudamore's.   A mixture recom-
 mended by Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and rheu-
 matic affections, and  much  prescribed in the
 United States.   3Iagnea. sulph, ^j—^ij; Aqua
 mentha f^x; Aceti  colchic. f^j—f^iss;  Syrup
 croci f%j ; 3Iagnea. ^viij.  M.   Dose, one, two, or
 three tablespoonfuls, repeated every two hours in
 a paroxysm of gout, until from four to six evacu-
 ations are produced in the twenty four hours.
   Mixture of Strychnia, Mistura strychnise.
   MNEME, Memory.
   Mxeme Cephal'icum  Bal'samum.  A  very
 compound medicine, into  which entered Balm,
  MOCCASIN FLOWER,  Cypripedium acaule,
C. luteum.
  MOCH'LIA.   Reduction of a luxated bonej
from poxlos, a lever.
  MOCHLICUS, Purgative.
  MOCHLISCUS, Lever.
  MOCHLUS, Lever.
  MOCHTHUS. Agony.
  MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equinse.
  MODELLING PROCESS.  A term  proposed
by Dr. Macartney, of Dublin, to signify the mode
in which wounds are  healed  without inflamma-
tion  or suppuration,  by a deposite of  plastic
matter from the surface of  the wound, by which
the gap is more rapidly filled,—portion being laid
upon portion, without waste, after the manner of
clay in the hands of the sculptor: — hence  the
term.
  MODI'OLUS, 'the  nave of a wheel.'  Pyr'a-
mie  seu  Axia eoch'lea.   A hollow  cone in  the
cochlea of the  ear, forming a nucleus, axis, or
central pillar, round which the gyri of the coch-
lea  pass.  The  modiolus forms the inner and
larger portion of the central pillar, and is  the
cavity seen at the  bottom of the meatus audito-
rius  internus.  It lodges a branch of the auditory
nerve.  The central portion of the modiolus con-
tains a number of minute canals, and is called in
consequence Tractua apira'lis  foraminulo'sua.
Into these the  nerves of the cochlea enter,  and
pass out at right angles between the bony plates
forming the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to
be expanded on the membranous portion of the
lamina.
   Modiolus, 3Iaa, also means the  crown of the
trepan.
   MO'DIUS.  A  dry measure,  the third of an
amphora, equal  to the bushel.—A'arro.
   MODUS OPERAN'DI,  'mode  of operating.'
This term is applied to the  general principles
upon which remedies act in morbid states of the
body;—a subject of much  interest, although in-
volved in considerable obscurity.
   The following classification will  convey some
idea of the ways in which different organs may
be excited into action.

 1. By  actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and
       by absorption or mediate contact.
 2. By  an impulse conveyed by the nerves, through an
       impression made on the stomach or elsewhere.
 3. By  contiguous or continuous sympathy, or by mere
       proximity or continuity of parts.

   3I0ELLE,^Marrow—m. Allongie, Medulla ob-
 longata—to. Epinilre, Medulla spinalis—m. Ver-
 tebrate,  Medulla spinalis.
   MCENIA  DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium.
   MCEROR, Athymia.
   3IOFETTE, see Mephitism.
   MOFFAT, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Moffat 
MOGIGRAPHIA              567               MOLLITIES
Is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of Edin-
burgh.  The water is a cold sulphureous; con-
taining, in a wine gallon, 36 grains of chloride of
sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic gas, 4 of azote,
and 10 of sulphohydric acid.   It resembles Har-
rowgate water in its properties.
  A  strong  chalybeate spring was  discovered
there about the year 1828, which contains sesqui-
sulphate of peroxide of  iron, sulphate of alumina,
and uncombined sulphurie acid.
  MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp,  writers'.
  MOGILA'LIA, Paraldlia, from  poyis,  'with
difficulty,' and lalttv, 'to speak.'  This word is
inaccurately written by  Paul Zacchias,—.Mold I in,
and Molildlia.  Difficult or defective articulation.
Impediment of speech.  See Balbuties.
   MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious labour.
   MOGUS, Agony.
   MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpureum.
   M01IRIA THURIF'RAGA.   A South African
 fern, Nat. Ord. Filices, the dry leaves of which,
 pulverized and  made into an  ointment with fat,
 are serviceable in burns and scalds.
   MOIGNON, Stump.
   310IS,  Menses.
   MOISTURE,  3Iador,  (F.) 3toiteur,  anciently
 moiste.ur.  Simple humidity of the skin.  The skin
 is said to be moiat or in a state of moisture, when
 there is slight perspiration.
   3I0ITEUII, Moisture.
   MOLA,  Maxillary  bone, Molar tooth, Mole,
 Patella.
   MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum.
   MOLAIRE, Molar.
   MOLALIA, Mogilalia.
   MOLAR, Moldria, My'licua, (F.) 3Iolaire, 3Ieu-
 Uhe.  That which bruises or grinds ; from mola-
 ria, ' a grindstone,' or mola, ' a millstone.'
   Molar Glands.  Two small bodies formed by
 a collection of mucous  orypts ; seated in the sub-
 stance of  the cheeks, between the masseter and
 buccinator muscles, and whose excretory ducts
 open into the mouth opposite the last molar tooth.
   Molar Teeth, Grinders,  Jaw Teeth, 3Ioldrea
 permaneu'tea dentea, Dentea molarea seu maxilla'-
 rea seu gom'phii seu  clctrdlea, 3Iola,  Gomphioi,
 My'lacri, 31y'lodontes, 3Iy'lodi, 3Iomie'ei,  (F.)
 Denta molairea ou mdchelterea, occupy the farther
 part of each alveolar arch.   Their coronoe  are
 broader  than  they are high : unequal, tubercu-
 lated ; and the roots are  more or less subdivided.
 They are 20 in number, 10 in each jaw. The first
 two  pairs of molar teeth in each jaw have been
 called leaaer molarea or bicuajrid, Dentea bicuapi-
 ddti.  The coronae have two tubercles; the outer
 being more prominent  and larger than  the inner.
 The°root is commonly simple;  sometimes bifur-
 cated.  The other three pairs  have been termed,
 Great molares—Dents  multicuspidies (Ch.) Their
 coronse are cubical, rounded, and have, at  the
 upper surface, four or five tubercles, separated by
 deep furrows.   The root is  divided  into two,
 three, four, and  fixe fangs, which are more or less
 curved.   The third great molaris appears a long
 time after the others, and hence has been called
 Dens sapieu'tia or Wisdom  tooth.
    MOLASSES, Melasses.
    MOLE, 31ola, from motes, 'mass.'   3Iyle,  Ze-
 phyr'ius fcetus,  Germen fahum, Pseudocyc'sis  mo-
 laris,  Graviditas molaris, 3Iooncalf, old French,
 Fardeau.  A fleshy, insensible,  at times, soft—at
 others, hard—mass"; of variable and determinate
 size, which forms in the uterus, and  is  slightly
 united by vessels to that organ; from which its
 feeble vitality is derived.  It has been conceived
 by some to be always  owing to imperfect concep-
 tion ;  but moles may form in  the undoubted  vir-
gin.  They seem to be owing to a morbid pro-
cess ; and certainly are generally connected with
conception.  At times, they contain parts of the
foetus; but commonly do not.  At very different
periods, in different women, the diseased mass is
expelled from  the uterus, with  ordinary symp-
toms of abortion;  and the  case  requires  similar
management.   See, also, Naevus  and Conception,
(false.)
  MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris.
  MOLECULAR, 3loleculdrie.   Of or belong-
ing to molecules or minute portions of any thing.
Hence molecular death,  in  contradistinction to
aomatic death.
  MOL'ECULE, 31olec'ula, 3Iaae'ula;  diminu-
tive of molee, ' a mass.'   A minute portion of any
body.   Also, the cicatric'ula, ma'cula,gallatu'ra,
gelalinoue molecule,  tread of the cock, or  embryo
part of the impregnated ovum, observable by the
microscope before the ovum has left the ovarium
of the hen.  It lies under the epidermic coats of
the yelk, and upon its proper coat.  If the ovum,
according to Aralentin, be lacerated and its eon-
tents minutely examined, the cicatricula is found
like a grayish  white disk, which in its whole  pe-
 riphery  is dense,  granulous, and  opake;  but in
 the centre  presents  a clear,  nongranulous, and
 perfectly diaphanous point.  Purkinje found, that
 when  he removed the dark  granulous mass by
 suction  with a small tube, there remained a per-
 fectly transparent vesicle  filled with a pellucid
 lymph,  which had  a decidedly spherical form,
 but, being extremely delicate, was easily lacera-
 ted, and then its fluid escaped.  As he found this,
 which later naturalists have named—after its dis-
 coverer—the Purkin'jean ves'icle, in the ova of the
 ovary, but could not see it in  ova, which had al-
 ready entered  the oviduct,  he gave it the name
 germinal veaicle, veaic'ula prolif'era seu germina-
 ti'va,  (F.) Visicule  germinatiie.  Besides a per-
 fectly colourless fluid, this  contains one  or more
 dark  corpuscles,  which  appear  as  a  nucleus
 through the including membrane in the shape of
 opake spots—the germinal sp>ot,macu'la germani-
 tlva seu ger'minans, nu'cleua germaniti'vua, (F.)
 Tache germinatiie.   The granulous membrane—
 its  thickened  portion, the so  called 'cicatricula,'
 —and the germinal  vesicle, constitute those parts
 of the  ovum  which pass immediately into  the
 original foundation  of the embryo, the blastoder-
 ma or germinal membrane, vesic'ula blastodermal -
 ica, blaatoder'mic veaicle.
   Molecule, Gelatinous, Molecule.
   310LENE, Verbascum nigrum.
   MOLES  GANGLIFORMIS, Ganglion  of
 Gasser.
   MOLIBDUS, Plumbum.
   MOLILALIA,  Mogilalia.
   MOLI'MEN, pi.  Molimina,  from molior, 'to
 move or stir.'   An  attempt, a struggle.   Hence :
   Molimen Crit'icum.   An impulsion  towards
 a sudden solution or crisis of a disease.
    Molimen HjEMOrrhag"icum.   The   hemor-
 rhagic diathesis or impulsion.
    Molimen H.emorrhoida'le.   The hemorrhoi-
 dal diathesis  or impulsion.   See Haemorrhois.
    Molimen Menstrua'le.   The menstrual dia-
 thesis or impulsion.
    Molimen Nature Salutarium, Instinct.
    MOLLESCENCE, Mollities.
    3IOLLET, Sura.
    MOLLIPUFFS, Lycoperdon.
    MOLLIS MATER, Pia mater.
    MOLLIT'OES, 3lolles'cence, 31alncis'mus, 3lot-
 Ul'ia, 3Iollilu'do, Emollil'ies, Emollities morbo'-
 sa, 3Iollitio,  -Malux'ia, 3htlaco'sis,  31altltax'ie,
 (F.) Ramollisaement; (G.)  Malakien (Fuchs); 
MOLLITIO
568
MONGOLIAN
from mollis, 'soft.' 'Preternatural softness of an
organ or part of an organ.
  Mollities Cer'ebri, 3talaco'sis Cer'ebri, En- \
cephalomaldcia, Enccphalomalax'ie, Necreneepll-
altta (W. Farr,) Cerebromaht'cia, Encephaloacp'-
sia, -Mol/cs'cence or aoftening or a kind of lique-
faction  of the cerebral eubetance ; the remainder
preserving its ordinary consistency.  (F.) Ramol-
lissement du cerveau.  The neurine often contains
small clots  of blood, giving rise to what has been
termed Apoplexie eap>illaire, (Cruveilhier.)   The
symptoms denoting it are equivocal.
  Mollities Cordis, Cardiomalacia.
  Mollities Medul'l.e Spina'lis, 3Iyelomald -
cia, (F.) Ramollissement de  la 3Ioelle Epiniere.
Softening of the spinal marrow.
  Mollities Os'sium, 3Ialacosteo'eia, 3Ialacos'-
teon, Emollil'ies os'sium, Paros'tia flex'ilis,  Os-
teomalaco'sis, Rachitis  seu Rachitis adulto'rum,
Spina vento'sa (of some), Osteomaldcia, Soften-
ing of the bones, (F.) Ostio-malacie,Ostio-malaxie,
Ostio-malakie, Ramollissement  des  os.   A rare
affection in which the bones  are deprived of their
salts, particularly of the phosphate of lime, and
consist  only, or mainly, of  gelatin; hence they
acquire  a  degree  of suppleness which  renders
them unfit for the performance of their functions.
The disease generally affects all the  bones;  but
it is especially remarkable during life in the long
bones, which assume any curvature that may be
wished. ATery violent pain is often experienced in
them; and the urine frequently contains an enor-
mous proportion of  calcareous phosphate.   The
patient  is compelled to remain in the horizontal
posture; the bones no longer  being fixed points
for the  muscles to act upon.  The disease has,
hitherto, always terminated fatally,  and dissec-
tion has exhibited the gelatinous nature of the
bones;  which, by desiccation, have become trans-
parent,  as if they had been macerated in acid.
  Experience has afforded no means  of relief in
this dreadful affliction.  The alkaline salts, earthy
phosphates, Ac. are of little  or no use.
  MOLLITIO, Mollities.
  MOLLITUDO, Mollities.
  MOLLUS'CUM, Athero'ma.   A cutaneous af-
fection, so  called  in consequence of its resem-
blance  to  certain  molluscous animals.   It con-
sists of numerous  tumours, varying in size from
that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled with
an  atheromatous matter, which are developed in
the substance of the derma, and are of various
shapes,  some having a large base, — others  adhe-
rent by means of a pedicle.
  3Iolluscum conlagio'sum, a singular variety, is
characterized by the presence of hard, round, tu-
bercles, which  are  smooth and  transparent,  and
when pressed, pour  out from  an orifice  in their
summits a  little opake or milky fluid.
  The disease is probably seated in the sebaceous
follicles.
   If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must
consist  of eutrophics, as arsenic,  iodine,  Ac The
external treatment consists in the employment of
measures calculated to excite the tubercles to in-
flammation, as by touching them with potassa.
   MOLOCHE, Malva rotundifolia.
   MOLOPES, Vibices.
   MOLYBDENUM MAGNESII,  Manganese,
black oxide of.
   MOLYBDOS, Plumbum.
   MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning.
   MOLYNE, Anus.
   MOLYNSIS, Miasma.
   3I03IIE, Mummy.
   MOMIN, Mamei.
   MOMISCI, Molar teeth.
   MOMOR'DICA, 31. Balsamina,  Balsamina,
.Xcvrosper'ma  cuapida'ta,  Balm-apple, Balaam
apple, (F.) Bahnmine, Pomme de mcrvcille.  The
fruit of this oriental tree,  Pomum mirab'ile seu
hierosolyinita'num, was formerly considered vul-
nerary.
  Momordica Aspera, M. Elaterium.
  Momor'dica Elate'rium : 31. as'pera, Elate'-
rium, Ecbdlia Elate'rium,  Cu'cumis agres'tis seu
aaini'nus, O. sylrestris,  Elate'rium  officina'rum
seu cordifo'lium, Charan'tia, Boubdlios, Guarerba
orba, Wild or  Squirting  cu'cumber,  Ecbolium
elate'rium, (F.) Concombre Sauvage, 3Iomordique.
Nat. Order, Cucurbitaceae.  The dried sediment
from the juice is the elaterium of the shops.  (See
Extractum Elaterii.)  It is  a  most powerful ca-
thartic, and, as such, has been used in dropsies.
Its  active principle is the Elatin, Eluterin or
Elaterium.  Dose, gr. £ to  gr. j. until it operates.
  3I0310RDIQUE, Momordica elaterium.
  MONAD, from monas, 'unity.'  A simple par-
ticle, or atom, or unit. — Leibnitz.   The smallest
of all visible animalcules.  A  primary cell  or
germ.
  MONiE, Nates.
  MONAR'DA  COCCIN'EA, Scarlet Rose balm,
3Iountain  mint, Oswego  Tea, Mountain  Balm,
Horsemint, Square stalk, Red  Ralm ; a beautiful
indigenous, plant, having the excitant  properties
of Monarda punctata.
  Monar'da Fistulo'sa, Purple monar'da.  The
leaves have  a fragrant  smell;  and an  aroma-
tic, somewhat bitter taste.   They are reputed to
be nervine, stomachic, and deobstruent.
  Monar'da PuNcta'ta, Horsemint.   Sex. Syst.
Diandria Monogynia.  N'at. Ord.  Labiatse.   In-
digenous  in the United States.  Stimulant and
carminative.  The  Oleum monarda is officinal in
the United States.
  Monarda, Purple,  M. fistulosa.
  31ONDER (F.),  from  mtindus,  'cleanly.'  To
render clean or pure.   In Pharmacy, it means to
separate any substance from its impure or useless
portion.   In surgery, monder ou  mondifier  um
plaie, is to clean or deterge a wound.
  3IONDIFICATIFS, Detergents.
  310NDIFIER UNE PLAIE, see 3Ionder.
  MONE'MERON, 3lono'e'meron, 3Ionohe'meron;
from povos, ' one,' and  'nptpa,  'a day.'  A  name
given to several collyria, which were supposed to
be capable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day.
  MONENTERUM, Colon.
  MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into
Europe from South America, in hard, thick cakes.
It is prepared from the bark of a tree,  whose bo-
tanical name is uncertain—probably Chrysophyl'-
lum glycyphla'um.  It is very friable, and its frac-
ture very much resembles that of a well-torrefied
cocoanut.  It is wholly soluble in  water; and its
taste—which is at first sweet like liquorice—some-
times becomes astringent.  It is on aceoant of its
astringent properties that it has been  prescribed
in chronic bronchitis, haemoptysis, diarrhoea, leu-
corrhoea, uterine hemorrhage, Ac.  It has  been
applied locally, in the form of ointment, (3Iones.
p. 1, Adipis, p.  vij.
   The dose of Monesia is  from 12 to 40 grains a
day.
   MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummularia.
   MONGO'LIAN.  Anthropologists give the name
3Iongolian race to a variety of the human species,
spread over a great part of the north of Asia, in
China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, Ac.  The in-
dividuals composing it have the skin of a brown
red, forehead flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent,
and lips large.  See Homo.
   MONISM,•  31onia'mua; from  povos,  'alone.'
The doctrine, which declares matter and mind to
be identical. 
MONK                   569              MONTBRISON
  MONK PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. A
class of practitioners of whom Frere Cosme  and
Jacques Beaulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger-
many,  were the most distinguished.
  .MONKSHOOD, Aconitum—m. Common, Aco-
nitum  napellus—m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora.
  MONNI'NA "POLYSTA'CUIA.  A beautiful
South  American plant.   Nat. Ord. Polygalese.
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria.   The bark of
the root is a powerful astringent, and much used
in South America in diseases of the bowels.
  _MONOBLEl"SIS,from/ioi/oy, 'one,' a,nd(3lt\pis,
'sight.'  An affection in which vision is confused,
imperfect, and indistinct, when both eyes are em-
ployed ; but perfect or nearly so, when either eye
is used singly.
   MONOCAR'PvE-; from povos, 'alone,' 'single,'
and irapiros,  'fruit'  A  division  of  cutaneous
affections, of  the family  of  Eczematosen of
Fuchs, which includes strophulus, psydraeia, and
ecthyma.                           *
   MONOCEPIPALUS,  from povos,  'one,' and
Ktipaln,  ' head.'  A compound  monster having
two bodies with a single head.
   MONOCOLON, Caecum, Rectum.
   MONOCRA'NUS,  from povos, ' one,'' single,'
and Kpavov, Kpaviov, ' cranium.'  A  monster  with
one cranium, but with the face in part double —
Gurlt,             *
   MONOCULUM, Caecum.
   MONOC'ULUS, 3Ion'ocle,  3Ionophthalmus,
 Unioc'ulus, Unoe'ulus,  from  povos,  'one,'  and
oculus, ' an eye.'   A bandage  employed to main-
tain topical  applications  over one of the eyes.
This bandage, called  by some surgeons Simplex
oc'ulus, (F.) (Eil aimple, is made of a roller three
or four ells long, rolled into a single  ball.  See
 Cyclops.
   MONODIPLO'PIA; frompovos,'alone,'Stnlovs,
' double,' and oiip, ' eye.'  Double vision with one
eye.
   MONOEMERON, Monemeron.
   MONOGAS'TRIC, 3tonogas'tricus ; from povos,
' one,' and yaarnp, ' stomach.'  That which has
but one stomach.   Man is monogaetric ; rumina-
ting animals, on  the contrary, are polygaatric.
   MON'OGRAPH,  MEDTCAL,  3Ionograph'ia
med'ica; from povos,  'one,' and ypatpn, 'descrip-
tion.'   An ex profeaao  treatise on a single class
of diseases, or on a single disease.
   MONOHEMERON, Monemeron.
   MONOAIACHON, Caecum.
   MONOMACUM, Caecum.
   MONOMANIA,  see Melancholy — m.  Homi-
cidal,  Homicidal  insanity—m. Incendiary, Pyro-
mania.
   MONOMANIE, Melancholy— to.  Homicide,
Homicidal insanity.
   MONOMMATOS, Cyclops.
   MONOMORIA, see Melancholy.
   MONOPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania.
   MONOP'ATHY, 3Ionopathla, from povos,' one,'
and itaBos, ' disorder.'  A state in which one organ
or function is disordered.  Applied to melancholy
or monomania;  which is said to be a monopathic
affection.
   MONOPEGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania.
   MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoculus.
   MONOPLAS'TIC, 3Ionopla.lticus:  frompovos,
' one,' and irlaaaio, ' I form.'  That which has one
form.  A monoplaatic element, in histology, is one
which retains its  primary form. — Gerber.
  MONOPODIA, Sympodia.
   MOXOPS. Cyclops.
   MONOPSIA. Cyclopia.
   MONOPUS, Symmeles.
  MONOR'CHIS,  from povos,  'one,' and  opxti,
' testicle.'  One who has only one testicle.
  MONOSI'TIA,  from povos,  'one,' and  atros,
'food,' 'repast.'   The habit of taking  only  one
meal in the day.
  MONOT'ROPA UNIFLO'RA,  Indian  pipe,
Iceplant, Pipe-plant, Nest root, Fit root. An in-
digenous plant, whose juice, mixed with water,
has been extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia.
The dried root in  powder has been  given in epi-
lepsy and nervous diseases.
  MONROIA'NUM  FORA'MEN.  A foramen at
the anterior part of  the lateral ventricles of the
brain, by which  they communicate with  each
other, is so called from the  second Monro.
  MONS VEN'ERIS, 31ontic'ulus Ven'eris,Ephe-
be'um, (F.)  3Iont de  Venus, Penil,  3Iotte, Emi-
nence sus-pubienne.  The more or less projecting
eminence, situate at  the base  of  the  hypogas-
trium, above the vulva and in front  of the os
pubis.  At  the period of   puberty  it becomes
covered with hair, formerly called Tresso'ria.
  MONSO'NIA OVA'TA, Keita, of the Hotten-
tots.  A plant of the A'at. Ord. Geraniaceae, which
grows at the Cape of Good Hope.  The root and
herb  are very astringent, and are  used success-
full}7 in dysentery.
  MONSTER, 3Ionstrum, Teras, Pelor, Pelo'ria,
Pelo'rium, Pelo'rum. Any organized being, having
an  extraordinary vice of conformation, or a pre-
ternatural perversion of every part, or of certain
parts only.
  The following classification embraces the main
varieties of  malformations — Vitia prima con-
formatio'nis.—1.  Those in which certain parts of
the normal body are absent or defective—monstra
defirientia.  2. These produced by fusion or coa-
lition  of  organs — coalitio partium, symphysis.
3. Those, in  which parts, united  in the normal
state  are separated from each other — clefts, fis-
sures.  4. Those  in  which  normal openings are
occluded — atresia.   5. Those  by  excess,  or in
which certain parts have a disproportionate size—
monstra abundantia.  6. Those, in which one or
many parts have an abnormal position—si'fus mu-
tatua.  7. Those  affecting  the  sexual  organs —
hermaphroditism; and to these "true malforma-
tions" Vogel adds 8. Diseases  of the foetus, and
abnormal states of its envelopes.
  Amongst the numerous hypotheses entertained
on the origin or cause of monsters, or of monstro-
sity—terato'sis, monstros'itaa, (F.) monatruoaiti, as
the state has been called—three only  are worth
mentioning.  They have been  attributed,  1. To
the influence of the maternal imagination on the
foetus in utero.  2.  To accidental changes, expe-
rienced by the foetus at some period of its uterine
existence: and 3. To  a primitive defect in the
germs.   The second  seems to  be  the  only one
that is philosophical.
  As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable
of action as individuals, have the same rights as
other persons.
  MONSTERS, DOUBLE, see Duplication —m.
Triplet, see Triplet.
  MONSTRA ABUNDANTIA, see Monster —
m. Deficientia,  see Monster — m. Trigemina, see
Triplet—m. Triplica, see Triplet.
  MONSTROSITAS, see Mfonster.
  MONSTROSITY, see Monster.
  MONSTRUM,  Monster.
  3IONSTRUOSITE, see  Monster.
  MONT DE VENUS, Mons Veneris.
  MONTBRISON. MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Montbrison  is  a  town in France, in the depart-
ment of the  Loire, fifteen  leagues from Lyons.
There are three cold springs  here, which are 
MONT
570
MORBUS
highly acidulous, and used  as  refrigerants and
aperients.
  MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL AVATERS
OF.   Mont-de-Marsan is a small French town,
10 leagues from Dax; where there is a chalybeate
spring, somewhat frequented.
  MONT-D'OR,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
Mont d'Or is a village seven leagues  from Cler-
mont, (Puy-de-D6me,) at which are several mine-
ral  springs, cold  and thermal.  Those  of  the
Fountain La 3Iadelaine, and of the Great Bath,
are thermal, temp. 112° Fahr., and contain car-
bonic acid, subcarbonate and  sulphate of soda,
chloride  of sodium, subcarbonate  of lime and
magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron.  Those  of
St. 3Iargaret are cold, and contain much carbonic
aeid.
  MONTECATPNI, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
This  town is  situate near Borgo-Buggiano,  in
Tuscany.  The springs are thermal; ranging from
78° to 118° Fahrenheit.
  MONTHLY COURSES, Menses—m. Periods,
IMgliscSi
  MONTICULUS CEREBELLI, see Vermiform
processes of the Cerebellum — m. Areneris, Mons
veneris.
  MONTPELLIER, CLIAIATE OF.   This seat
of a celebrated medical  school  in the S. E.  of
France was at one time renowned for its climate,
and especially in regard to its adaptation  to con-
sumptive cases.  This is now exploded, and it is
at present esteemed an unfit residence for them.
The climate possesses the general characters  of
that of south-eastern France—being dry, hot, and
irritating;  subject to  frequent vicissitudes, and
especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds.
It is, indeed, most injurious in  pulmonary dis-
eases.
  MOON, Luna, Sele'ne, Mene,  Sax. Mona, (G.)
M o n d, (F.) Lune.  The moon has been supposed
to exert considerable influence  over the  human
body, in health and disease.  Such  influence has
been grossly exaggerated. Not many years ago,
it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer-
bation of mania at the full of the moon; yet it
is now satisfactorily shown, that if the light  be
excluded at this period, the lunatic is not  excited
more than ordinarily.
  MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic.
  MOONCALF, Mole.
  MOORBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos.
  MOORSHEAD, Alembic
  MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED,Andromeda
mariana.
  MOOSEWOOD, Dirca palustris.
  MOPHETA, see Mephitism.
  3IORBEUX, Morbid.
  MORBI, see Morbus — m. Acquisiti, Acquired
diseases — m.  Acuti, see  Acute — m. Adventitii,
Acquired diseases—m. Anniversarii, Annual dis-
eases—m. Annui, Annual diseases—m. Asthenici,
Adynamiae — m. Celati,  Feigned diseases — m.
Chronici, Chronic diseases — m. Cognati, Innate
diseases — m.  Complicati, see Complication, Im-
pliciti morbi—m. Congeniti, Innate diseases—m.
Connati, Connate  diseases — m. Connexi, Con-
junct! morbi—m. Consequentes,  Conjuncti morbi
—m.  Constrictorii, see Spasmoticus—m. Derma-
todes, see Dermatoid—m. Dispersi, Sporadic dis-
eases — m. Dissimulati,  Feigned diseases — m.
Epicteti, Acquired  diseases—m. Evolutionis,  see
Development — m. Hereditarii,  Hereditary dis-
eases— m. Homoedri, see Homoedrus—m. Infi-
tiati, Feigned diseases—m. Interni, Internal dis-
eases—m. Melancholici, see  Mercurial—m. Mer-
curiales, see Mercurial — m. Nervosi, Nervous
diseases — m. Occulti, see Latent — m. Olfactus,
Oamonosi — m. Perplexi, see Complication — m.
Pscudalei, Feigned diseases — m. Recidiva, Re-
lapse—m. Recursus, Palindromia—m. Sexuales,
see Sexual—m. Sexfls, Genonusi — m. Simulati,
Feigned  diseases — in. Sparsi, Sporadic  diseases
—m. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus—m. Subacute,
see Acute — m. Tactus, Haphonosi—m. Tropici,
Troponusi.
  MORBID, 3Ior'bidus, 3Iorbo'ana, Pathic, Path'-
ical, Path'icua, (F.) 3Iorbcux, 3/orbide; from »ior-
bua, ' a disease.'  Diseased, or relating to disease.
  Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy.
  MORBIF'IC,  3Iorbif'icua,  (F.)  3Iorbifique;
from morbua, 'a disease,' and facere, 'to make.'
Causing or producing disease — as morbific ema-
nations.
  MORBILITY, Disease.
  3IORRILLEUX, Morbillous.
  MORBILLI, Rubeola — m. Confluentes, Scar-
latina— m. Ignei, Scarlatina.
  MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous.
  MORltfLLOUS,  3Iorbillo'aus,  3Ieaaly,  (F.)
3Iorbilleux.   Affected or connected with  measles.
  MORBOSUS, Sickly.
  MORBUS, Disease, see Morbi — m.  Ainpul-
laceus, Pemphigus — m. Anglicus, Rachitis — m.
Aphrodisius,  Syphilis — m.   Arcuatus,  Icterus
— m.  Arietis, Influenza — m. Arquatus, Icterus
— m.  Articularis, Gout — m. Astralis, Epilepsy
— m.  Attonitus, Apoplexy — m. a. Celsi,  Cata-
lepsy— m. Brightii, Kidne^, Bright's disease of
the — m.  Bullosus,  Pemphigus — m.  Caducus,
Epilepsy — m. Caeruleus, Cyanopathy — m. Cal-
culi, Lithia—m. Cardiacus,  Cardialgia—m. Ca-
tarrhalis, Influenza—m. Catoxys, see Catoxys—
m.  Cerealis,  Ergotism — m.  Cerebralis Whyttii,
Hydrocephalus Internus — m. Cirrhorum,  Plica
— m. Cceliacus, Coeliao flux—m. Comitialis, Epi-
lepsy—m. Costalis, Pleuritis—m. Coxarius, Cox-
arum morbus — m. Croatus, Scherlievo — m. Cu-
cullaris,  Pertussis — m.  Cucullis, Pertussis — m.
Cystophlegmaticus, Cystirrhoea—m. Dsemoniacus,
Epilepsy—m. Daemonius, Epilepsy—m. Deificus,
Epilepsy—m. Dissolutus, Dysentery—m. Divinus,
Epilepsy—m. Dominorum, Gout—m. Endemius,
Endemic—m. Epidemicus, Epidemy—m. Epide-
micus gutturis Foresti, Scarlatina—i*. Erudito-
rum, Hypochondriasis—m. Extrinsecus, External
disease — m. Farciminosus, see Equinia—m. Fe-
brilis, Pyreticosis — m.  Fellifluus, Cholera — m.
Flatuosus, Hypochondriasis — m.  Fluminiensis,
Scherlievo — m. Foedus, Epilepsy—m. Frigidus,
Atrophy—m. Gallicus, Syphilis — m. Gesticula-
torius, Chorea—m. Gravis, see Serious—m. Hae-
morrhoidalis, Haemorrhois — m.  Heracleus,  Epi-
lepsy— m. Herculeus, Epilepsy—m. Hispanicus,
Syphilis — m. Hydrophobicus, Hydrophobia—m.
Hypochondriacus,  Hypochondriasis — m. Hyste-
ricus, Hysteria — m. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia —
m. Indicus,  Syphilis — m. Interlunius, Epilepsy
—m. Ischiadicus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea—m.
Italicus, Syphilis — m. Jecinoris, Hepatitis — m.
Lateralis, Pleuritis—m. Lazari, Elephantiasis —
m. Lunaticus, Epilepsy—m. Luteolus, Icterus—
m. Maculosus haemorrhagicus AVerlhofii, Purpura
hsemorrhagica—m. Magnus, Epilepsy—m. Major,
Epilepsy—m. Mensalis, Epilepsy—m. Mercuri-
alis, Eczema mercuriale,  Hydrargyriasis—m.
Metallicus, Colic, metallic — m. Mucosus, Fever,
adeno-meningeal — m. Nauticus, Nausea marina
— m. Neapolitanus, Syphilis—m. Niger, Melaena
—m. Originalis, Idiopathia—m. CEsophagi, CEso-
phagopathia—m. Oryzeus, Cholera—m.  Pallidus,
Chlorosis—m. Panccenus, Pandemic—m. Parthe-
nius, Chlorosis — m.  Pandemius, Pandemic — m.
Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis—m. Peracutus, see Ca-
toxys—m. Phoeniceus, Elephantiasis—m. Pilaris,
Trichiasis—m. Pleuriticus, Pleuritis—m. Plum-
beus,  Lead-poisoning—m. Porcinus, Essera—m. 
MORCEAU
571
MORPHINA
Popularis, Epilepsy—m. Primarius, Lliopathia—
m. Proprius, Idiopathia—m. Protopathicus, Idio-
pathia— m. Proteiformis, >ee Proteiformis — m.
Psoadicus, Lumbar abscess — m. Publicus,  Epi-
demy— m.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy—m. Pulicularis,
Typhus  gravior—in.  Pustulosus Finnicus, see
Anthrax—m. Recidivus, Relapse—m. Recidivus,
Palindromia—m. Regionalis, Endemic—m. Re-
gius, Icterus—m. R,esiccatorius, Hypochondriasis
— in. R,uctuosus, Hypochondriasis—m. Ructuo-
sus, see Eructation—m. Sacer, Epilepsy—m. Sal-
tatorius, Chorea—m. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy—
m. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy—m. Scarlatinosus,
Scarlatina—m. Scelestus, Epilepsy—m. Scrophu-
losus, Scrofula — m. Secundarius, Deuteropathia
— m. Seleniacus,  Epilepsy — m. Sideratus, Epi-
lepsy— m.  Silesiacus,  Raphania—m. Simplex,
Haplopathia—m. Solstitialis, Coup-de-Soleil—m.
Sonticus, Epilepsy—in. Spasmodicus malignus
sou  popularis, Raphania — m. Strangulatorius,
Cynanche  trachealis—m. Sudatorius, Sudor An-
glicus— in.  Truculentus  infantum,  Cynanche
trachealis — m.  Tuberculosus,  see  Tubercle and
Tubercular cachexia—m.   Ungarious,   Fever,
nungaric — m. Arerminosus, Helminthiasis — m.
Vernaculus, Endemic—m. Arervecinus, Influenza
— in.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus — m.  Virgineus,
Chlorosis—-m. Viridellus, Epilepsy — in. A'itrio-
latus,  Epilepsy — m.  A'ocis,  Phononosus — m.
Vulpis, Alopecia.
  31 ORG II AU DU DIABLE,  see Tuba Fallo-
piana—m. Erangi, see Tuba Fallopiana.
  MOR'DICANT, 3lor'dicana,  Color mor'dicana.
A morbid  heat, causing a  disagreeable pungent
sensation in the fingers of the physician.
  MORDICES, Teeth : see Tooth.
  MOREA, Moms nigra.
  3I0RELLE, Boletus  esculentus — m.  & Fruit
noir, Solanum — 771. Furieuae, Atropa belladonna
—771. en Grappes, Phytolacca decandra—m. Grim-
pante, Solanum dulcamara.
  MORETARIUM, Mortar.
  MORE'TUS, 3Iore'tum, from morum, 'the mul-
berry.'  Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the
composition of which the syrup of mulberries
entered.—Schroder.
  MORGAfiN'I, HUMOUR OF,  Humor 3Ior-
gagnia'nus.   A  peculiar, transparent,  slightly
viscid fluid, found between  the crystalline and
its capsule.
  3I0RGELINE, Alsine media.
  MORGUE,  (F).  A dead-house,  wherein per-
sons,  found dead, are  exposed with the view of
being recognized by their friends.
  MORIA, Idiotism—m. Demens, Idiotism, De-
mentia—m. Demens lerema, see Dementia—m.
Imbecilis amnesia, Amnesia.
  MORIBUND, Psychorages.
  MORINGA NUX BEN, Guilandina moringa—
m. Oleifera, Guilandina  moringa — m. Pterygo-
sperma, Guilandina moringa—m. Zeylanica, Gui-
landina moringa.
  MORION, Genital organ, Penis.
  MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chimr'gia curto'rum, Ch.
Anaplas'tica, Restitutio organ'ica  seu par'tium
deperditdrum, Tranaplantdtio,Autoplaa'tiee, Ana-
plas'tic Surgery, Autoplaa'ty or Antoplaatic or
Plaatic Surgery, Chirur'gia plaa'tica, from popiov,
'apart.' and irlaanicos, 'forming.'  The restora-
tion of lost parts.  The operations  for this  pur-
pose have various names, according to the part
concerned, as Cheiloplastice,  Ceratoplastice, Rhi-
noplastice, Ac.
  MORO, from morum, 'a mulberry :'— 3Iorum,
(F.) 31 ure.   A small abscess resembling a mul-
berry.   A small tumour, of a similar appearance,
particularly on the genital  organs  after impure
coition.
  MOROCH'THUS, 3Ioroch'lus. -Vorochi'tea, 3Ie-
rochltea, 3Ieroc'tea, Galax'ia, Leucograph'ia, (F.)
Pierre au lait, 31ilk atone.  An Egyptian  stone,
used by the ancients as  an application to the in-
tertrigo of children: probably a variety of fuller's
earth, inasmuch as it  appears  to have been used
by fullers.
  MOROCHITES, Morochthus.
  MOROCHTUS, Morochthus.
  MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium.
  MORODOCHIUM,  Morotrophium.
  MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism.
  MOROSITA'TES, from  Utopia,  'folly.'  A ge-
neric name  given by Linnaeus to  an order of
Vesaniae, in  which he  included  pica,  bulimia,
polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgia, panophobia, sa-
tyriasis, nymphomania, tarentismus, and hydro-
phobia.
  MOROTROPHTUM, 3Iorocomi'um,  31orodo-
chi'um, from poipos, 'fatuous,' and too077, 'support.'
An 77i«a7ie  establishment;  a  lunatic asylum;  a
mad-house.  Under proper management, a valu-
able institution ; but liable to various abuses.
  MORPHjEA, Morphew — m. Alba, Lepra al-
phoides—m. Nigra, Lepra nigricans.
  3I0RPHEE, Morphew.
  MORPHEAV, 3Iorpha'a, (F.) 3Iorphie. A term
vaguely applied to scurfy eruptions on  the face.
3Iorphaa was formerly applied to squamous dis-
eases in general.
  MORPHIA,  Morphina—m. Acetate of,  Mor-
phinae acetas—m.  and Zinc,  double iodide of,
Zinc and Morphia, double iodide of—m. Citrate
of, see Morphina—m. Muriate of, see Morphina
—m. Sulphate of, Morphinae sulphas.
  MORPHLE ACETAS, Morphinae acetas —m.
Sulphas, Morphinae sulphas.
  MOR'PHICA, from poptpn, 'shape.'  Monstro-
sities of birth.  The 3d order, class Typhica of
Good.
  MORPHI'NA,  3Ior'phia,  3lor'phium,  Mor-
phine,  3Iorphine, from 3Iorpheua, the  'god of
sleep.'  A solid, colourless alkali; crystallizable
in beautiful  pyramids,  truncated and  transpa-
rent; soluble in alcohol, and  slightly so in boil-
ing water.   It exists,  combined  with  meconic
acid, in opium.  It may be obtained by decom-
posing, by means of ammonia  or calcined mag-
nesia, an aqueous solution  of opium made in the
cold.
  The following  is the process of the  Pharm.
U.S.  Opium, sliced, Ibj;  distilled water, alcohol,
animal charcoal, each a  sufficient quantity; solu-
tion  of ammonia, f^vj.   Macerate  the  opium
with four pints of distilled water for 24 hours,
and  having worked it with the hand, digest for
24 hours, and strain.  Macerate the residue twice
successively with distilled water, and strain.  Mix
the infusions; evaporate to six pints, and filter;
then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards
three fluidounces of  the   solution  of ammonia,
previously  mixed with half-a-pint  of  alcohol.
After 24 hours, pour in  the  remainder of the
solution of ammonia, mixed as before with half-
a-pint of alcohol; and set the liquor aside for 24
hours, that crystals may form.  To purify these,
boil them with two pints of alcohol till  they are
dissolved ; filter the solution, while hot, through
animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize.
  Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which
it saturates; and with which  it forms very crys-
tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate.
AR these salts  have a bitter taste, and act upon
the animal  economy in  the  same  manner as
opium, but more powerfully.   The acetate is the
salt commonly employed in medicine.  It was, at
one time, supposed that Morphia is the purely 
MORPHIUM
572
MORTALITY
sedative part of opium, divested of its irritating
properties;  but experience has  not confirmed
this.  On  the contrary, it will generally disagree
There opium does.  Dose of morphia, j to J of a
grain.
  Morphi'n.'B Ace'tas, 3Ior'phia Acetas, Ac"-
etate  of 3Iorphine, Acetate of 3Iorphia.  A salt
formed by saturating morphia  with  acetic acid.
(-Morphia, in powder, freed from narcotina by
boiling with sulphuric ether, ^j ;  distilled water,
Oss;  acetic acid, a sufficient quantity.  Mix the
morphia with the water; then  carefully drop in
the acid, constantly stirring until the morphia is
saturated and dissolved.  Evaporate  the solution
in a  water-bath  to  the consistence of  syrup.
Lastly, dry  the acetate with a gentle heat and
rub it into powder.—Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, from i
of a grain to a grain.
  Morphi'na:  Sulphas,  Mor'phle Sulphas,
Sulphate of 3Iorphia.  A  salt,  formed  by satu-
rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating,
and crystallizing.   Dose, the  same  as of the
acetate.
  31uriate and Citrate of 3Iorphia have likewise
been used; but they possess no advantages over
the other  salts.  The  sulphate  and muriate are
officinal in the Ph. U. S.
  MORPHIUM, Morphina.
  MORPHOLOG'TCAL,  3lorpholog"icus, from
poptpn, ' shape,'  and loyos,' a  description.'   That
which has relation to  the  anatomical conforma-
tion of parts.   Applied, at times, to the altera-
tions  in the form of the  several parts of the em-
bryo,  in  contradistinction to hiatological,  which
is applied to  the  transformation by which the
tissues are gradually generated.   In comparative
anatomy, it is applied to the history of the mo-
difications of forms, which the same organ under-
goes in different animals.
  MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy.
  MORPHOLY'SIS,  from  poptfm, 'shape,' and
Ivats,  'solution.'   Destruction  of organization.
An agent, that occasions  such  destruction, is
called a morpholyt'ic.
  MORPHOLYTIC, see Moruholysis.
  MORPHON'OMYr, 3Iorphonom'ia: from uoptbn,
'shape,' and vopos, 'a law.'   The laws of organic
formation.  The department of anatomical science
which teaches the laws of organic configuration.
  MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy.
  MORPIO, see Pediculus.
  310 RPTO<N, Crab-louse, see Pediculus.
  MORS, Death—m. Apparens,  Asphyxia—m.
Putativa,  Aphyxia — m. Repentina,  Demotivus
lapsus — in. du Diable, Scabiosa succisa.
  MORSELLUS, Tabella.
  MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellae anti-
moniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabellse antimo-
niales Kunckelii.
  MORSULUS, Tabella.
  3IORSURE, Degmos.
  MORSUS, Degmos—m. Diaboli, Scabiosa suc-
cisa, see  Tuba  Fallopiana — m. Gallinae,  Alsine
media—m. Stomachi, Cardialgia—m. Ventriculi,
Cardialgia.
  3IORT, Death—m. Apparente, Asphyxia—m.
du  Chien, Cholera — to. aux  Chiena,  Colchicum
autumnale—m. aux Pantheree, Doronicum parda-
lianches.
  MORTA, Pemphigus.
  MORTAL, 3h,rtdlia, from mors,mortia, 'death.'
Lethdlis,Letdlia, Thanato'dea, Thanas'imus,(F.)
Mortel.   That which is subject  to death; — that
which causes death : — as, man is mortal; a dis-
ease is mortal.  Of old, it was the custom to have
a division of mortal wounds, which gave rise to
many errors in medico-legal investigations, as the
mortality  of wounds depends upon  various cir-
cumstances; and it is often a matter of oxtremo
difficulty to pronounce whether or not a wound ia
necessarily mortal.
  MORTAL'ITY, Mortalitaa, Lethal'itaa, LctaV-
itae,lF.)3Iortalite. This word, taken in an extend-
ed sense, expresses the condition of all organized
bodies,—of being subject to the cessation of life.
In the sense in which it  is most frequently em-
ployed, it signifies,—the proportional quantity of
individuals who, in a certain population, die in a
given time.  If we assume the population of the
earth to be one thousand millions, and  a genera-
tion  to last thirty-three  years;  in that space of
time the one  thousand  millions  must all  die,
and, consequently, the number of deaths will be,
by approximation,

     Each year...................30,000,000
     Each day.........................82,109 '
     Each hour .........................3,421
     Each minute...........................57
     Each second............................1 nearly.

  If, on the other hand,  as has been supposed,
the number of deaths is to that of the  births as
ten to twelve : there will be born,
     Each year................36,000,000
     Each day......................98,356
  .   Each hour ......................4,098
     Each minute........................68
     Each second.........................1 A 2-15ths.

  It has been estimated  that the average mor-
tality of the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in 49; of Swe-
den and Holland, 1 in 48 ;  of Russia, 1 in  41; of
France,  1 in 40; of Austria, 1 in 38; of Prussia
and  Naples, 1 in 33 to 35; of England, 1 in 45;
and of South  America, 1 in 30.   The same  rate
of mortality has been given to the United States
as to France;  but the statistical  details  on all
this matter have been inadequate, and—it is not
improbable—inaccurate.  The following has been
given as the  annual mortality  of some  of the
chief cities  of this country and Europe :  (See the
author's  Human  Health,  p. 101": Philadelphia,
1844.)  Philadelphia, 1  in .45.68;  Glasgow,  1 in
44; Manchester, 1 in 44;  Geneva, 1 in 43 ; Bos-
ton,  1 in 41.26 ; Baltimore, 1 in 41; London, 1 in
40 ;  New York, 1 in 37.83 ; St. Petersburg!^ 1 in
37;  Charleston, 1 in 36.50; Leghorn,  1 in  35;
Berlin, 1 in  34; Paris,  Lyons, Strasburg,  and
Barcelona,  1 in 32;  Nice and Palermo, 1  in 31;
Madrid, 1 in 29;  Naples, 1 in 28;  Brussels,  1 in
26;  Rome, 1 in 25; Amsterdam,  1  in  24;  and
Vienna, 1 in 22£.
  In the cities, the mortality under two years of
age bears a large  ratio.  This is  exhibited by the
following table:
         Ages.     London.  Philad.    Baltimore.
Under  1  year, 1  „„ ,„   22.7       24.11
From   1 to    2, j  ^'^    8.6        8.55
        2 to    5,    9.97    7.3       11.18
        5 to   10,    4.33    4.          5.
       10 to  20,    4.03    5.          6.3
       20 to   30,    6.64   12.          9.87
      30 to  40,    8.08   12.         10.58
      40 to  50,    8.89   10.          8.88
       50 to  60,    8.89    7.2        5.78
       60 to  70,    9.15    5.          4.5
       70 to  80,    7.83    3.5        3.
      80 to  90,    3.18    1.9        1.67
      90 to 100,    0.40    0.5         0.26
      100 to 110,   ----    0.09 ")      ft1<,
      110 to 120,----0.013 J       *

  It would not be proper to regard the value of
life in different countries, or in different periods
in the same country, to  be indicated by the ave-
rage mortality; inasmuch as in one case a greater 
MORTAR
573
MOTORY
 mortality  may occur amongst children, and in
 another amongst adults.
   Mortality,  Bills  of,  Bills  of Necrol'oqy,
 Mor'tuary Reg"isters,  (F.) J'ab/,s  de 3IortaUti.
 Tables, instituted  for the purpose of exhibiting
 the number of deaths, Ac. in a given time. Well-
 kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy-
 sician and political economist.   Those of London
 were  proverbial  for their inaccuracy  and in-
 sufficiency;  especially as regards the complaints
 of whieh the persons have died.   They were for-
 merly  made out by the parish clerks, and the in-
 formation was conveyed to them by two old wo-
 men,  who  were appointed in each parish, and
 were called  Searchera ; — their duty being to see
 that the deceased had died a natural death. This
 rniseraljle system  has,  however,  been abolished;
 and  the Registrar-General's  annual reports of
 births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi-
 rably vital statistics are now conducted in Great
 Britain.
   MORTAR,  3Iortdrium,  3Ioretdrium, 31orto'-
 rium,   Piao, Ac'one, Pila,  Holmoa,  Igde, Igdua,
 (F.) 3/orfier.  A vessel for reducing to powder
 different solid substances, and for making certain
 mixtures.   A'arious substances are  employed in
 the construction of mortars ;—iron, marble, glass,
 wedgewood  ware, Ac.
   MMRTARIOLUM, Alveolus.
   31 OUT EL, Mortal.
   31 Oil TIER, Mortar.
   MORTIFER,  Lethiferous.
   MORTIFICATIO, Mortification—m. Pulmo-
 num, Necropneumonia.                     .
   MORTIFICA'TION,  Mortified tio, Necro'aia,
 Sphacelation, from mora, 'death,' a,nd fio, 'I be-
 come.'   The loss of vitality in a part of the body.
 The incipient  stage of mortification, when  the
 case is  still recoverable, is called Gangrene; when
 totally destroyed, Sphacelus.  Mortification of a
 bone is called Necrosis.
   Mortification,  Cold, Sphacelus—m. Ergot,
 Ergotism — m. Hot, Gangrene — m.  Mildew, Er-
 gotism.
   MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas.
   MORTUARY REGISTERS, Mortality, bills of.
   MORUM, see Morus  nigra — m. Palpebrae in-
 terna?.  Trachoma carunculosum.
   MORUS   NIGRA,  31.  lacinidta, Mulberry
 Tree, 3Iore'a, Sycamlnoa, (F.) 31 drier Noir. The
 fruit of the  mulberry tree, Morum,  Sycamlnum,
 (F.) 31ure,  is  pleasant,  sweet,  subacid,  and
 abounds with a deep violet-coloured juice.  A
 syrup is directed in the London  Pharmacopoeia.
 The bark of the  root has  been regarded as an
 anthelmintic.
   MORUS  RUBRA, Red 31ulberry, Wild 3Iul-
 berry ;  indigenous.  The root has been  used to
 destroy trenia.
   31 OR VE, Mucus, Nasal mucus; see Equinia—
 m. Farcineuae, see Equinia.
   MOS, Habit.
   Mos  Morbi Benig'nus, seu Malig'nus.   The
 benign, or malignant character of a disease.
   MOSCTIARDI'NA,  31uscer'da, from poaxos,
 'musk.' A lozenge for  the  mouth, composed of
 musk, ambergris, and other aromatics.
   MOSCIIEL^E'ON,  3Ioscola'a.   A compound
 aromatic oil, containing musk.
   MOSCHUS, Musk—m. Arabum, Hibiscus abel-
 moschus—m. Factitious, Mtlsk, artificial.
   MOSOOL-EA, Moschelaeon.
   MOSLICil, Maslach.
   MOSQUITA, see Mosquito.
   MOSQUPTO(S.) Diminutive of (S.) mosca,'a
fly.'  Muequito.   A very troublesome insect in
warm, moist situations. Curtains, called 3Ioequito
curtains, are used in India,  by way of protection.
 The entrance of mosquitos into the bedchamber
 may also  be prevented, to a certain extent, by
 keeping the  doors and windows closed until the
 lights are extinguished.   The pain  and itching
 from the  bites are  alleviated by washing them
 with hartshorn.
   Mosquita is a name given, by the Portuguese,
 to small, red pimples on the skin, resembling the
 bites of the musquito.
   MOSS  BERRY,  Vaccinium oxycoccos — m.
 Ceylon, Fucus amylaceus—m. Club, Lycopodium
 —m. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus—m. Iceland, Lichen
 Islandicus—m. Irish, Fucus crispus—m. Marine,
 Fucus amylaceus.
   MOTA, Fagus castanea.
   MOTAMEN, Motion.
   MOTATIO, Motion.
   MOTE, Carbasus, Linteum.
   MOT EUR, Motory.
   MOTHER'S MARKS,  Nsevus—m.  Spots,
 Nsevus.
   MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca, Matri-
 caria.
   MOTIL'ITY, Motil'itaa, from motua,  'move-
 ment.'  (F.) 3Iotilite, 3Iotricite.   Faculty of mov-
 ing ;  moving power;  contractility.
   MOTION, 3Iotua,  Mo'tio, Mota'tio, 3Iotdmen,
 Commo'tio, Permo'tio,  Cine'aie, Movement,  (F.)
 31ouvement.   The act of changing place.   The
 various motions may  be divided into,—Firat, the
 voluntary or  those that are executed under the
 influeuce of the brain. Secondly, the involuntary,
 which may be subdivided into,  1, The excited, of
 the  reflex function of  Dr. Marshall Hall  and
 others,—as the closure of the larynx on the con-
 tact of  acrid vapours, of the  pharynx on that of
 the food,—a  function  of' the spinal marrow; and
 2. Those that are executed under the organic and
 other nerves  of involuntary function.  It is pro-
 bable, too, that every living tissue is  capable of
 moving responsive to its appropriate irritant. See
 Irritability.
   Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia — m.  Involuntary,
 see Automatic — m. ATbratory,  see  Ciliary — m.
 Voluntary, Autocinesis.
   MOTIVE, Motory.
   MOTOR, Motory.
   Motor  Oculi Exter'nus,  Nervua tim'idua,
 (F.) Nerf oculo-muaculaire externe (Ch.), Nerf
 moteur  oculaire externe,  Sixth  pair of nervea,
 arises from the furrow which separates the  pons
 Varolii from  the medulla oblongata.  It enters
 the cavernous sinus;  anastomoses on the outside
 of the carotid artery with two filaments furnished
 by the superior cervical ganglion;  enters the or-
 bit by the sphenoidal  fissure, and is lost on the
 rectus externus oculi.  This  pair is, also, called
 Abducentea.
   Moto'res Oculo'rum, 3Ioto'rii Oculorum, Ocu-
 Idrea commu'nea, Ophthalmici  exter'ni,  Common
 Oculo-muscular Nerves, (F.)  Nerf a  moteura ocu-
 lairea commune, (Ch.,) The third pair of nervea.
 This nerve arises from a depression at the inne*
 side of the peduncles of the  brain, between the
 tuber annulare and corpora mammillaria. It enters
 the outer part of the cavernous sinus, and passes
 into the orbitar cavity.  Behind the sphenoidal
 fissure, it divides into two branches ; the one eu-
 perior,  and the other inferior.   The former is
lost on the rectus superior oculi and the levator
palpebrae superioris ;  the latter—the larger of the
two—divides  into three branches, which pass to
the rectus  internus,  rectus inferior, and lesser
oblique.   The last furnishes a  filament, which
passes to the  ophthalmic ganglion.
  MOTORIAL, Motory.
  MO'TORY, -Motive,'3Iotnr, 3Ioto'rial. 3Iotrix,
Kinet'ic  or Cinelic,  (F.)  Moteur.   That which 
MOTOS
574
MUCILAGO
moves or  causes movement, as motor nerves, in
contradistinction to aenaory.
  MOTOS, Linteum, Tent.
  MOTO'SIS, poros,' charpie.'   The application
of charpie to a wound.
  3IOTRICITE", Motility.
  MOTRIN, Motory.
  310 TTE, Mons veneris.
  MOTUM, Carbasus, Linteum.
  MOTUS,  Motion — m. Assimilationis, Plastic
force—m.  Automaticus, see Automatic—m. Com-
pressorius, Peristole—m. Cordis diastalticus, Dia-
stole—m. Haemorrhoidalis, Haemorrhois—m. In-
testinorum, Borborygmus—m. Involuntarius, see
Autocinesis—in. Peristalticus, Peristole—m. Tes-
tudineus, Peristole—m. Vermicularis, Peristole—
m. Voluntarius, Autocinesis.
  310 UCHE,  Cantharis—nu dEapagne,  Can-
tharis.
  3I0UCHER L'ACTION DE, Munctio.
  3IOUCHES, see  Pains, labour—m. Volantea,
see Metamorphopsia.
  3IOUCHETURE, see Scarification.
  310 L'CHOIR EN TRIANGLE, Couvrechef,
see Bandeau.
  310UFETTE, see Mephitism.
  MOULD, Fontanella.
  310 ULE, Mytilus edulis.
  3IOULEUR, Muller.
  MOULTING, Desquamation.
  310UREILLER, Malpighia mourella.
  31 OUR ON DES  OISEAUX, Alsine media—
m. Rouge, Anagallis.
  MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Hieracium  pilo-

  MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia.
  3IOUSSE DE CORSE,  CoraRina Corsicana
—m. dIsland, Fucus crispus — m. Perlee, Fucus
crispus.
  3I0USSER0N, see Agaric.
  MOUSSEUX, Frothy.
  MOUSTACHE, Mystax.
  MO UT DE LA  BIERE, Wort.
  310UTARDE, Sinapis.
  MOUTH, Sax. mu8, Os, Cavum Oria, Stoma,
(F.) Bouche.  This word sometimes signifies the
cavity situate between the jaws, and containing
the  tongue, Ac.;—at others, the outer orifice of
that cavity.  The mouth, in the first acceptation,
 Cav'itae seu Spa'tium Oris, is the cavity; bound-
ed,  above, by the  palatine arch; below, by the
tongue; before, by the lips; and behind, by the
velum palati  and  pharynx.  The sides of the
mouth and  the organs it contains are lined by a
mucous membrane.   The anterior aperture of the
mouth is,  sometimes, called facial—the posterior,
pharyngeal.  In the mouth are the teeth, gums,
alveolar margins, tongue; the excretory ducts of
the  salivary glands, and those of a number  of
mucous follicles, Ac.  It is in this cavity that the
food is cut, torn, or bruised by the teeth;  is im-
pregnated with saliva, and formed into a mass or
bolue, which is then subjected to the act of deglu-
tition.  The mouth contains the organs of taste;
and it serves in respiration, articulation, expec-
toration, suction, Ac.
   The condition of the mouth requires to be at-
tended to in Semeiology. The state of the mucous
membrane, like that of the tongue, indicates the
condition  of the membrane of the alimentary ca-
nal  generally.
   Mouth,  Oa,  Apertura,  Orific"ium, Hia'tus,
Periato'mium, is, also, applied to the open extre-
mities of vessels or  other canals.
   Mouth Root, Coptis — m. Sore,  Aphthae — m.
Watering, see Salivation.
   3I0UVE3IENT, Motion.
  MOA'EAIENT, Motion.
  MONA, 3/oxibu'rium.  A word by which  the
Chinese and Japenese  designate a cottony sub-
stance, which they prepared by beating the dried
leaves of the Artemiaia moxa, — a kind of mug-
wort.  AVith this down they form a cone, which
is placed upon the part intended to be cauterized,
and is set fire to at the top.  The heat and pain
gradually increase, in proportion as the combus-
tion  proceeds downwards, until ultimately an
eschar may be formed.   In  Europe and this
country,  the same operation is usually practised
with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed
from  the pith of the greater  sun-flower.   This
mode of  cauterization is employed  as a powerful
counter-irritant; which it assuredly is.  Slough-
ing maybe in some measure prevented, according
to Baron Larrey, by the application of liquid am-
monia to the burnt part.
  The term moxa has been extended to any sub-
stance, which  by  gradual combustion on or near
the skin  is  employed as a counter-irritant.
  MOXIBURIUM, Moxa.
  MOXIBUS'TION,  3Toxibua'tio,  Encau'aia.
Mode of cauterization by means of moxa.
  MOXON'S  EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA,
see Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's.
  MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis, Mucilage.
  MUCARUM, Mucharum.
  MUCCINIUM, Mucilage.
  MUCEDO, Mucilage.
  MUCHA'RUM, Muca'rum.  A barbarous term,
formerly used for an aqueous infusion of roses,
sweetened, and evaporated to  the consistence of
syrup.
  MUCIFIC, Blennogenous.
  MU'CIFORM,  31uciform'ie,  3Iyxo'dea,  Blen-
no'dea,  Btenno'i'dea,  BlennoVdena, from  mucus,
and forma, ' form.'  Resembling mucus in cha-
racter or appearance.
  MU'CILAGE,  Mucila'go, 31uca'go, 3Iuce'do,
Mucci.n'ium, from the Lat. mucus,—itself presumed
to be from  mungere,  ' to wipe the nose.'  A mix-
ture of glim and a small  quantity of matter ana-
logous to mucus, which is found in abundance in
linseed, quince-seed, Ac.  It is obtained by heat-
ing with water the parts, or products, of plants
which contain it.  It is much used in the prepa-
tion of emollient cataplasms and the greater part
of the demulcent  tieanee.
  Mucilage, see Liquor sanguinis—m. Animal,
Mucus — m. of Quince-seeds, Decoctum cydonise
— m. of Rice, see Oryza — m. of Sassafras Pith,
Infusum sassafras medullae—m. Starch, Mucilago
amyli.
  31UCILAGINEUX, Mucilaginous.
  MUCILAG"INOUS, Mucilagino'aua, Gummo'-
aua, Gunvmio'dea, Gummido'dea, (F.)3Iucilagineux.
Gummy.   Resembling gum.   That which pos-
sesses the character of mucilage.
   MUCILAGO, Mucilage,  Synovia.
  Mucilago Aca'c'le, 31. Acacia Arab'ica, 31.
Gummi Arab'ica, Mucilage of aca'cia, 31. of gum
Arabic.  (Acacia gum. contus. ^iv; aq. bullient.
Oss.  Rub the gum with  the water gradually
added.)  Demulcent.  To allay cough ; but, chiefly,
to suspend insoluble matters in water, Ac.
   MuciLAGO Am'vli, Starch mucilage.  (Amyli,
^iij ; aqua, Oj.   Rub  the  starch with the water
gradually added ;  then boil till it forms  a muci-
lage.—Ph. L.)  Denfhlcent. Generally given per
anum.
   Mucilago Articulorum seu Juncturarcm,
 Synovia.
   Mucilago Astrag'ali Tragacan'th^e, 31. tra-
gacantha (Ph. U.S.), 31.gummi tragacantha, 31 u-
cilage of  tragacanth.  (Gummi  tragacanth.  2} j j
 aqua bullient. Oj.  Macerate for 24 hours; tritu- 
MUCIN
575
MULIEBROSUS
 'ate till the gum is dissolved, and press  through
   \t        Pharmaceutical purposes.
   Mucilago Cretica, Misturae cretae—m. Gum-
 mi  Arabia, M. acaciae—m. Seminis cydonii mali,
 Decoctum cydoniae—m. Gummi tragacanthae, M.
 astragali tragacanthae—m. Tragacanthae, M. astra-
 gali tragacanthae.
   MUCIN, Mucus.
   MUCIPAROUS, 3Iucip'arus, from mucus, and
 pano, 'I bring forth.'  Mucous-producing;  as
 muciparous glands or follicles.
   MUOKSWEAT, Desudatio.
   MUCOCE'LE,  Hernia sacci lacryma'lia, from
 mucua, and KVln, 'rupture.'  An  enlargement or
 protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachry-
 mal passages, giving occasion to  fistula lacry-
 mall^~ Also' droPsy of the lachrymal sac.
   MUCO-ENTERITIS, see  Enteritis.
   MUCO-PU'RULENT, Muco-purulen'tua, Pyo-
 blcn mate,  from  mucua, and pus.  Having the
 character or appearance of mucus and pus.
   MUCOR, Euros,  Mucus —m.  Narium, Nasal
 mucus.
   MUCOSITAS, Mucus.
   MUCOS'ITY, 3lucos'itas.   A fluid, which  re-
 sembles mucus, or  contains a certain  quantity

   MUCOUS, Muco'sus. An epithet for all bodies
 containing mucilage or mucus. It is, also, some-
 times  used  synonymously with gummy.  In pa-
 thology, it is occasionally employed to express the
 seat of a disease, as mucous diaeaee, mucoua phleg-
 masia; that is, having its seat in a mucous mem-
 brane.
   Mucous Corpuscles, see  Mucus — m. Layer,
 see  Tache  embryonnaire — m. Membranes, see
 Membranes — m. Web, Corpus mucosum.
   MUCRO,  Apex.
   Mucro seu Cor'yphe seu  Fundue seu Vertex
 Cordie.  The apex or point of the heart.
   Mucro Humeri, Acromion.
   MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO, Xiphoid car-
 tilage.
   MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid  cartilage.
   MU'CULENT, Muculedtue, frommucue. Slimy.
 viscid.                                      ""
  MUCUNA, see  Dolichos pruriens — m. Pru-
 riens, Dolichos  pruriens—m. Prnrita, see Do-
 lichos.
  MUCUS, Mucor, 3Iuco'aua  humor, 31ucoa'itoa,
3Iyxa,  Mycus,  Lape,  Pitui'ta, Zo'omy'cus, Zoo-
myx'a,  Piluite,  Animal mucus, Blenna,  Animal
mucilage, (F.) Muqueux animal, Morve, 3Iudlage
  animal, presumed to  be from mungere, 'to wipe
  the nose.'  A substance, analogous to vegetable
  mucilage;  from which, however,  it differs, by
  affording subcarbonate  of ammonia on  distilla-
  tion.  Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state
  of combination with a peculiar oily matter; and,
  drying,  forms  the  epidermis. It constitutes,  in
  part,  the different epidermeous productions,  as
  the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, feathers
  of birds, and scales of fish.  It is  found at the
  surface  of the mucous membranes, and presents l
  some difference in its composition and properties,
  according to  the particular  mucous  membrano
  from which it is obtained.  Its chief organic con-
  stituent is  an albuminous compound, — mucin.
  Mucus preserves the membranes moist, and in a
  state best fitted for the performance of their func-
  tions.  The French give the term glaire  to the
  thick, stringy mucus,  secreted  by the mucous
  membranes when in a state of disease.
   When mucus is examined with the microscope
  it is found  to  contain numerous epithelial scales
  or flattened cells; together with  round, granular
  bodies, which are commonly termed mucous cor-
 puaclea or mucoua globulea.
   Mucus Carphodes,  see Carphodes—m. Ca-
 tharticus, Lichen Islandicus—m. Malpighii, Cor-
 pus mucosum—m. Narium, Nasal mucus.
   MUD-APPLE  PLANT, Solanum melongena.
   MUDAR,  Madar.   The   Calotropia mudarii
 seu madarii;  or, according to the  generality  of
 authorities, the C. gigante'a or Aacle'pias gigan-
 te'a.  In the Hindoo practice  of physic, the bark
 of the root, as well as  the concrete  juice  of the
 plant, enters into various compound formulae for
 the cure  of elephantiasis and  many other  disor-
 ders. Experiments instituted by Dr. Duncan, jr.,
 exhibit its properties to be like those of ipeca-
 cuanha.
  MUDGE'S INHALER, see Inhaler.          '
  3IUGUET, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis — m.
 dea Bois, Asperula odorata — m. de Mai, Conval-
 laria maialis.
  MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris.
  31ULATRE, Mulatto.
 _ MULATTO,  (F.) Mul&tre,  (S.) 3Iulata.  An
 individual of the human species engendered of a
 white and black race;  from mulua, ' a mule.'
  The  following table exhibits the proportion of
white blood in the various castes,—arising from
the hybridous  admixture of white and black, —
according to the principles sanctioned by usage.
      PARENTS-                    offspring.                   degree of :
Negro and White,.....................Mulatto,......................................1_2 White
AVhite and Mulatto,...................Terceron,..................................3.4  ____'
Negro and Mulatto,...............J Griffo> Griff> or Zambo, \
_.,.             '            j  or Black Terceron,   /...............X"4  ---
White and Terceron,..................Quarteron or Quadroon,..................7-8  ___
Negro and Terceron,..................Black Quarteron or Quadroon,.........1-8  ___
White and Quarteron,................Quinteron,.................................15_16___
Negro and Black Quarteron,........Black Quinteron,..........................1-16___
 1-2 Black.
 1-4  ---
 3-4  ---
 1-8  ---
 7-8  ---
 1-16---
15-16 ---
  The last two were considered to be respectively
white  and  black,  in  the British  West  India
Islands; and the former, prior to modern changes,
were white by law, and consequently free.   See
Half-ens te.
  MULBERRY CALCULUS, see Calculi, uri-
nary— m. Rash, see  Typhus-—m. Red, Morus
rubra — m. Tree, Morus nigra — m. AVild, Morus
rubra.
  MULES (F.), 3Iula.  Chilblains on the heels.
  MCLGE'DIUM ACUMINATUM, Lactu'ca
villa'sa, Blue Lettuce; and
  Mulge'dium Florida'num, Lactu'ca Florida'-
na, Sonchua Floriddnua,  Falae Lettuce; indigo-
nous plants ;  Order, Compositae; have the repu-
tation of curing the bites of rattlesnakes
  MULIEBRIA, Menses, Arnlva
  MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas-
  MULIEBROS'ITAS, Philogyn'ia, from mulier,
 a woman, muhehra,  ' appertaining to women.'
Fondness for women.  Hence, -Muliebro'au*, 3Iu-
herdriua, and -Muliero'aua;  one who is fond of
women.
  MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
MULIERARIUS
576
MUSA
  MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas.
  MULIE'RITAS, Mulieb'rity, Womanhood, from
mulier, ' a woman.'  The state of puberty in the
female.
  MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
  MULIER PLENA, Pregnant.
  MULLED AVINE, see Wine.
  MULLEIN, BLACK, A'erbascum nigrum—m.
Broad-leaved,  great, A'erbascum   nigrum — m.
Y'ellow, Verbascum nigrum.
  MULLER, (F.) -Mou/cur. A moulder. A stone
held in the hand, with which any  powder  is
ground upon a flat horizontal stone.  It is some-
times called midlet, (F.) 3Iollette.
  MULLIGRUBS, Tormina,  Colic.
  MULOMEDICINA,  Veterinary art.
  MULOMEDICUS, see Hippiater.
  MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus.
  MULSUM, Hydromeli—m. Arinosum, CEnomel.
  MULTIFIDUS SPIN.E, Transversalis dorsi.
  MULTIFCETA'TION, Multifveta'tio, from mul-
tus,  ' many,' and fcetus.  Pregnancy with more
than two foetuses.
  MULTILOC'ULAR, -Multiloculdris, from mul-
tue, ' many,' and loculue, ' a-cell.'   Having many
cells or cavities.
  MULTIMAM'MJE, from multue, 'many,' and
mamma,  'a breast.'  A variety of  hypergenesis,
in which there are supernumerary mammae.
  MULTIP'AROUS, (F.) Multipcere, frommultua,
'many,' and parire,  'to bring forth.'  One that
brings forth several young at the same time. Such
a birth is called plural.
  MULTITUDO, Plethora.
  MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia.
  MUMIA, Mummy.
  MUMMIFICA'TION, from mummy, and fio,
' to make.'  Sceletedaia.  The mode of preparing
a mummy.
  MUMMY, 3Iumio, Arab. 3Ieumya, from mum,
'wax.'  Rebolea, Rebona, (F.) 31omie.  A  dead
body simply dried, or dried  after having  been
embalmed.  The latter acceptation is the  most
oommon.   Formerly, the Egyptian mummy was
extolled  as useful in contusions.  It was pre-
sumed, also, to have healing, tonic,  and resolvent
properties.  It is now  only regarded as an archai-
cal curiosity.
  MUMPS, Cynanche  parotidea.
  MUNC'TIO,  Apomex'ia,  (F.) IAction de mou-
ther.  The act of blowing the nose.
  MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents.
  MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents.
  MUND'TIA  SPINO'SA.  A plant of the Nat.
Ord. Polygaleae, which  grows in Southern Africa,
and a decoction  of whose branches is  used  in
atrophy, phthisis, Ac
  MUNGOS RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza mungos.
  MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen.
  31U QUE UN ANI3IAL, Mucus.
  MUR, Coryza.
  MURAL, Murdlia, from murua, 'a wall.' Ve-
sical calculi are so called when rugous and co-
vered with tubercles  or  asperities.   They  are
composed of oxalate of lime.
  3IURE,  Moro, see  Morus nigra.
  MU'RIA, Halme, Saleildgo, Brine, (F.) Sau-
mure.  This was  formerly used as a glyster in
dysentery,  in certain inveterate neuralgiae,  Ac.
  Muria, Soda, muriate of.
  MURIAS AURICO-NATRICUM, see Gold.
  MURIATE  HA3IMONIAQUE,  Ammoniae
murias—m. d'Ammoniaque et defer, Ferrum am-
moniatum— m. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold.
  MURIATTC ACID, from muria; Ac"idum
nalie, Spir'itua aalia mari'ni, Sp. salis G/aube'ri,
Acidum mari'num concentra'turn,  Acidum  salis
culina'ris,  Acidum salis marini, Spir'itus  salis
ac"idus seu fumans, Acidum hydrochlor' icum sen
muriaticum, Spirit of salt, (F.) Acide hydrochlo-
rique ou muriatique.   An  aqueous solution  of
chlorohydric  acid  gas  of s. g. 1.16.  The  odour
of muriatic acid is suffocating; taste very acid
and caustic.  It is nearly colourless when pure;
but commonly  of  a pale  yellow;  volatile;  the
fumes visible.  Muriatic acid is possessed of tonio
and antiseptic properties.  It is used  in typhus ;
cutaneous eruptions ; in gargles for inflammatory
and putrid sore throats, (gtt. xxx to fjvj of wa-
ter,) Ac.  AVhen added to a pediluvium, it ren-
ders it stimulating.
  Acidum Muriat'icum Dilu'tum of the Ph.  U.
S. contains four ounces, by measure, of muriatic
acid to twelve ounces of distilled water.
  MURIDE, Bromine.
  3IURIER  NOIR, Morus nigra.
  MURIGENE, Chlorine.
  MURINA, Bromine.
  MURMUR, (F.) 3Iurmure.  A word existing
both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and
probably a variety of  onomatopoeia;—mur mur
expressing the kind of sound which the word in-
dicates.   A low continued  or  continuously re-
peated  sound, as  that of flame, or of a stream
running over a stony bottom.
  Murmur Aurium, Tinnitus Aurium—m. In-
testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg-
mus.
  Murmur, Res'piratory.  The noise  heard
during inspiration  and expiration, especially the
former.  It is produced by the passage of the air
through the bronchial tubes and into the air-cells.
Il has been also called murmur of the expansion
of the lungs ; and, when distinctly vesicular, Re-
spiration of the cells or vesicular respiration, (F.)
Respiration vesiculaire.  Vesicular respiration is
of course absent when the cells of the lungs have
been obliterated from any cause.  We may then
have the Respiration nulle, Absence du bruit re-
apiratoire, Silence, and Reapiration ailencieuae of
the French writers.
  At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi-
ration, or both — the Reapiration rude or R. rd-
peuae of the French.   At others, there is a blow-
ing sound, (F.) Souffle, Reapiration soufflante, as
if some one were blowing into the auscultatory
ear through a tube/ This is heard in the healthy
state over the larynx, trachea, and about the bi-
furcation of the bronchia; but when it proceeds
from the  lungs  it denotes disease.  It may  be
tubular or diffuaed.  In the former, the whiffing
murmur a appear to occur in a space limited  to the
immediate neighbourhood of the part examined.
In the latter, they are produced with but mode-
rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from
the ear, over a tolerably extended space.
  The respiration, perceived over the trachea and
bronchia in health, is called tracheal or bronchial
or tubal, (F.) Reapiration bronchique,  Souffle tu-
baire, according to the situation in which it is
heard.
  Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit  placentaire —  m.
Utero-placental, Bruit  placentaire.
  Murmur, AVhiffing, see Murmur, respiratory.
  MURR, Murrain, from  A. S. mypnhan,  'to
destroy,'or from (L.)mort, 'to die' (F.) Claveau,
Clavelee, PeaUlential Fever.  An  epizootic, per-
haps contagious, disease, having some resemblance
to small-pox, which  affects  cattle — especially
sheep;  and  is said to  have been transferred to
man.
  Murrain, Coryza, Murr.
  MURREN, Coryza.
  MUSA, M. Paradisiaca —m. Oliffortiana,  M.
Paradisiaca—m. Mensarin,  M. Paradisiaca.
  Musa Paradisi'aca, Mush, 31. -Mcnea'ria seu 
MUSC
577
MUSCLE
Cliffortia'na, Amuaa, Palma hu'milis, Ficus In'-
dica, Bata, Plalanue.   The Plantain tree.  Fa-
mily, Musaccae.  Sex. Syat. Hexandria Monogy-
nia.   It grows in many parts of India and South
America.   The fruit, which is largely eaten for
bread, consi.-ts of a mealy substance.   It is clam-
my ; has a sweetish taste, and will dissolve in the
mouth  without chewing.   The  whole  spike of
fruit often  weighs forty or fifty pounds.   The
leaves of  the tree  serve the Indians for table-
cloths  and napkins. Being smooth and soft,  they
are also employed as dressings for blisters.   The
water  from  the soft  trunk  is  astringent,  and
sometimes used in diarrhoea.
  Musa Sapien'tum.   The Bana'na tree, Baco'-
ba, (F.) Bananier, Bacove.   This differs  some-
what   from the last.   The fruit, Bana'na,  (S.)
Platano, is shorter, straighter, and rounder: the
pulp softer and of a more luscious taste.  AVhen
ripe, it is very agreeable; it is  eaten  like the
plantain,  and relished  by all ranks of people in
the West  Indies.  Both varieties are natives of
Guinea.
  -MUSI', Musk.
  MUSC A  H1SPANICA, Cantharis.
  MUSCE  ENTO-HYALOID, see Metamor-
phopsia—m. Arolitantes, see Metamorphopsia.
  31USCADE, see Myristica moschata.
  3IHSCADIER, Myristica moschata.
  MUSCERDA, Moschardina.
  MUSCLE, 31 na'cuius, Toms, 3Iya,  3Iyon,  from
p\<s, 'a rat;' because, say some etymologists, the
ancients  compared  the muscles  to  flayed  rats.
According to Diemerbroeck, Douglass, Chaussier,
Ac, pvtiiv  comes rather from pvt.iv, ' to close,' ' to
move,' Ac, a function proper to muscles.   This
etymon is the more probable.  Muscles have been
divided into those of Animal life  or of the life of
relation — voluntary muscles — which  execute
movements  under the  influence  of  the  will;  as
the muscles of the Umbs, head, trunk, Ac, and
into those of organic life—involuntary muscles—
which contract under the influence of certain spe-
cial stimuli; as the  heart, fleshy  fibres of the
stomach, Ac.  3Iixed muaclca  are  those which
belong partly to each of these divisions;—as the
muscles of respiration; the sphincters, Ac.  Mus-
cles that act in opposition to each other are called
antagoniata;  thus, every extensor  has  a flexor
for an antagonist, and conversely.   Muscles that
concur in the  same  action are  termed congene-
roua.  The muscles present numerous varieties in
form, size, situation, use, Ac, and have been di-
vided, by some, into long, broad, and ehort.  Each
of these divisions comprises aimple and compound
muscles.  Simple or rectilinear  musclea have all
their fibres  in  a  similar direction, and only one
body—as the Sartoriua,  Pronator quadratus, Ac.
Compound muscles are those which have only one
belly and several  tendons, as the flexors of the
fingers and toes;  or several  bellies  and  several
tendons,—as the  biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-lum-
balis,  Ac.  To the  compound  muscles belong,
also, the radiated mneclee.  Their fibres  set out
from a common centre, and are arranged like the
radii of a circle;—such  are the diaphragm, ilia-
cus, temporal, Ac.  Pennated or Penniform  -Mus-
clea.  Their  fibres are  arranged in two  rows,
which are united  at a median line,  at greater or
less angles; nearly as the feathers  are inserted
into a quill.   The palmaris longus is  one of these.
Semi-penniform musclea:  their fibres are  oblique,
as in the last case; but they are inserted only tn
one side of the tendon.   Hollow 3Iuaclea are,—
the heart, intestines, urinary bladder, Ac.
  Much  difference has  existed  in the enumera-
tion of muscles.   Some authors  reckon them at
upwards of  400.   Chaussier admits only  368.
The greater part of them are in paira. A'ery few
are azygoua.
TABLE  OF  THE  MUSCLES, ARRANGED  AFTER  THE  MANNER  OF  DR. BARCLAY,
                            ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  ACTIONS.
          Forwards by

Platysma myoides,
Bterno-mastoideus,
Rectus anticus major,
  "     "    minor,

  Assisted (when the lower jaw is
           fixed) by
Mylo-hyoideus,
Genio-hyoideus,
Genio-hyo-glossus,
Digastrici.
      THE HEAD IS  MOVED

         Backwards by

Part of trapezius,
Pplenius capitis,
Complexus,
Trachelo-mastoideus,
Rectus posticus major,
  "      "    minor,
Obliquus capitis superior.
         To either side by
Platysma myoides,
SSterno-mastoideus,
Part of trapezius,
Splenitis capitis,
    "    colli,
Trachelo-mastoideus,
Complexus.
       Forwards by

Platysma myoides,
Pterno-mastoideus,
Digastricus,
Mylo-hyoideus.
Genio-hyoiileus,
Genio-hyo-glossus
Ohio hyoidei,
Sterno-hyoidei,
Thyro hyoidei,
Rectus  anticus minor,
Longus colli.
37
      THE NECK  IS MOVED

         Backwards by

Part of trapezius,
Rhomboideus minor,
Serratus posticus superior,
Splenius capitis,
        colli,
Complexus,
Trachelo-mastoideus,
Transversalis colli,
Inter-epinales colli,
Scini-spinales colli.
Rectus posticus major,
   '•     "    minor,
Obliquus capitis superior,
    "      "    inferior,
Sraleni postici.
Levator scapuls.
         Laterally by
Various combinations of those mus-
  cles which separately move it for-
  wards and backwards, assisted by
  the scaleni, intertransversales, and
  rectilaterales. 
MUSCLE
578
MUSCLE
THE TRUNK  IS  MOVED
           Forwards by

Rectus abdominis,
Pyramidalis.
Obliquus externus abdominis,
Obliquus internus,
Psoas magnus,
      parvus,

Assisted (when the arms are Carrie
          forwards) by
Pectoralis major,
    "     minor,
Serratus magnus.
          Backwards by

Trapezius,
Rhomboideus major,
Latissimus dorsi,
Serratus posticus superior,
   "       "    inferior,
Sacro-lumbalis,
Longissimus dorsi,
Spinales dorsi,
Semi-spinales dorsi,
Multifidus spina;,
Inter-transversales dorsi et lumbo-
  rum.
          Laterally fry

Obliquus externus,
    "    internus,
Quadratus lumborum,
Longissimus dorsi,
Sacroluinbalis,
Serrati postici,
Latissimus dorsi.
     Upwards by

Trapezius,
Levator scapulae,
Rhomboidei.
     Downwards by

Lower part of trapezius,
Latissimus dorsi,
Pectoralis minor.
THE SCAPULA IS MOVED

                  Forwards by
Pectoralis minor,
Serratus magnus.
     Backwards by
Part of trapezius,
Rhomboidei,
Latissimus dorsi.
THE HUMERUS IS  MOVED
     Forwards by

Part of deltoid.
Part of pectoralis major,

Assisted  in  some circum-
       stances by
Biceps,
Coraco-brachialis.
     Backwards by

Part of deltoid,
Teres major,
  "   minor,
Long head of triceps,
Latissimus dorsi.
     Inwards by

Part of pectoralis major,
Latissimus dorsi.
    Rotated inwards by

Subscapularis,

  Assisted occasionally by
Pectoralis major,
Latissimus and teres ma-
  jor.

       Outwards by
Supra-spinatus,
Infraspinatus,
Teres minor.
THE FORE-ARM IS MOVED
     Forwards by

Biceps,
Brachialis anticus,
Pronator teres,

     Assisted by
Flexor carpi radialis,
  "    sublimis,
  "    ulnaris.
Supinator longus.
 Backwards by
Triceps,
Anconeus.
   Rotated inwards by

Pronator teres,
Flexor carpi radialis,
Palmaris longus,
Flexor sublimis,
Pronator quadratus,

     Outwards by
Biceps,
Supinator brevis.
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii.
THE CARPUS IS MOVED
     Forwards by

Flexor carpi radialis,
Palmaris longus,
Flexor sublimis,
  "   carpi ulnaris,
  "    profundus,
  "    longus pollicis.
     Backwards by
Extensor  carpi  radialis
  longior,
Extensor  carpi  radialis
  brevior,
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii,
Indicator,
Extensor communis digi-
  torum,
Extensor proprius pollicis.
Outwards by
Inwards by
Flexor carpi radialis.       Flexor sublimis,
Extensor   carpi  radialis    "    carpi ulnaris,
  longior,                   "    profundus,
Extensor   carpi  radialis  Extensor  communis digl.
  brevior,                   torum.
Extensor ossis metacarpi,  Extensor minimi digiti,
Extensor primi internodii.  Extensor carpi ulnaris.
THE THUMB  IS  MOVED
 Tnwards  and forwards,
    across the palm, by

Opponens pollicis,
Flexoi brevis,
  •'    longus
Outwards and backwards
          by
Upwards  and forwards,
  away from the other fin-
  gers, by
Extensor ossis metacarpi  Abductor,
  pollicis,
Extensor primi internodii,
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii.
  Assisted by part of the
Flexor brevis.
Baekwarde and inwards,
  to the other fingers, by

Adductor,
Extensor primi internodii,
Extensor  secundi  inter.
  nodii. 
MUSCLE                   579                   MUSCLE
THE FINGERS ARE  MOVED
  Forwards, or flexed, by

Flexor Hublimis,
  "    profundus,
Lumbricales,
Interossei,
Flexor brevis  digiti  mi-
  nimi,
Abductor digiti minimi.
                          Outwards, to radial  bor-
Backwards, or extended, by           der, by

Extensor communis,       Abductor indicis,
    "    minimi digiti,        "    digiti  minimi,
Indicator.                 Interossei.
       Inwards by

Abductor digiti minimi;
Interossei.
THE THIGH IS MOVED
     Forwards by

Psoas magnus,
Iliacus,
Tensor vagina; femoris,
Pectineus,
Adductor longus,
         brevis.
     Backwards by

Gluteus maximus.
Part of gluteus medius,
Pyriformis,
Obturator internus,
Part of adductor magnus,
Long head of biceps,
Semitendinosus,
Semi-inembranosus.
     Inwards by

Psoas magnus,
Iliacus.
Pectineus,
Gracilis,
Adductor longus,
    "    brevis,
    "    magnus,
Obturator externus,
Quadratus femoris.
     Outwards by

Tensor vaginte femoris
Gluteus maximus,
   "    medius,
   "    minimus,
Pyriformis.
THE THIGH IS ROTATED
     Inwards by

Tensor vagi hie femoris,
Part of gluteus medius,

And, when the leg  is ex-
       tended, by
Sartorius.
Semi-tendinosus.
     Outwards by

Gluteus maximus,
Part of gluteus medius,
Pyriformis,
Gemellus superior,
Obturator internus,
Gemellus inferior,
Quadratus femoris,
Obturator externus,
Psoas magnus,
Iliacus,
Adductor longus,
         brevis,
    "    magnus,
Biceps cruris, slightly.
THE LEG IS MOVED
 Backwards, or flexed, by

Semi-tendinosus,
Biceps,
Semi-menibranosus,
Gracilis,
Sartorius,
Popliteus.
     Extended by
Rectus,
Crureus,
Vastus externus,
   "    internus.
THE FOOT IS MOVED
forwards, or flexed, by     Backwards, or extended by     Inclined inwards by
Tibialis anticus,
Extensor proprius pollicis,
Extensor  longus  digito-
  rum,
Peroneus tertius.
Gastrocnemius,
Plantaris,
Polens.
Flexor lonmis disitorum,
   •'   lonjus pollicis,
Tibialis posticus,
Peroneus longus,
    "    brevis.
Extensor proprius pollicis,
Flexor longus digitorum,
   "   longus pollicis,
Tibialis posticus.
       Outwards by

Peroneus longus,
    "    brevis.
Extensor  longus
  rum,
Peroneus tertius.
digito-
 Backwards, or flexed, by

Abductor pollicis.
Flexor brevis digitorum,
Abductor minimi disiti,
Flexor loneus pollicis,
   "   digitorum,
   "   accessorius,
Lumbrirales,
Flexor brevis pollicis,
Adductor pollicis.
Flexor brevis  minimi  di-
  citi.
Interossei.
 Forwards, or extended, by

Extensor  longus  digito-
  rum,
Extensor proprius pollicis,
    "    brevis digitorum.
THE TOES ARE MOVED

               Inclined inwards by
Abductor pollicis,
Interossei.
      Outwards by

Adductor pollicis,
    "    digiti minimi,
Interossei. 
MUSCLE  CANIN             580         MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS
   Muscles have been  variously named.   1. Ac-
cording  to their uses,  as diaphragm, buccinator,
extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, levators,
depressors, Ac.   2. According to  their position,
as interspinales, interossei, subclavius, poplitaeus,
anconeus, cubitalis, iliacus,  temporalis, Ac.  3.
According to  their shape, as trapezius, splonius,
luinbricalis, serratus, digastric, deltoid, scalenus,
rhomboides,  Ac.   4.  According to  their dimen-
sions, as pectoralis major, rectus capitis anticus
major, pectoralis minor, glutaeus  maximus, me-
dius, and minimus.  5. According to their direc-
tion, as  obliquus abdominis, transversalis abdo-
minis, rectus  femoris,  rectus  abdominis, Ac.  6.
According to their composition, as  semi-membra-
nosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus, Ac.  7. Ac-
cording  to  their  attachments, or  the   different
points of the skeleton  to which they are connect-
ed  by  means of  tendons or  aponeuroses;  as
sterno-cleido-mastoideus,  sterno-hyoideus,  Ac
On this  is grounded the nomenclature of M. Du-
mas, and that of Chaussier.
   The end of the muscle,  which adheres to the
most fixed part, is usually called  the  origin or
head, (F.) Tete;  and  that which adheres  to the
more moveable part,  the insertion or tail, (F.)
 Queue ;  the intervening part or body of the mus-
cle being called the venter or belly, Venter mus'-
culi, 3Ie'dium mus'culi: hence the names gastro-
cnemii,  digastricus, biceps, and triceps; accord-
ing as they have two  bellies, two or three heads,
 Ac.
   Muscles are formed, — 1.  Essentially of the
muscular or fleshy fibre, (see Muscular Fibre.)
2.  Of Areolar tissue,  whieh  unites  together the
fibres.   This areolar  tissue is not very visible
between the  fine  and loose  fibres; but becomes
more so, when they unite in more considerable
fasciculi.  It forms, moreover, to each muscle, an
external envelope, which  unites it to the  neigh-
bouring parts, and admits of its  motion.  This
 envelope was formerly called  Tu'nica propria
 musculo'mm.   3.  Of Arteries.  These proceed
from neighbouring trunks,  and are, generally,
very large.  Their size and  number are always
in proportion to  the  bulk of the  muscle.  "With
the exception of some viscera, as the lungs  and
the kidneys, there are few organs that receive as
much blood as the muscles.   4. Of Veins.  They
follow the same course in  the muscles as the ar-
teries.   Bichat asserts that they  are  generally
 devoid of valves.  5.  Of Lymphatics.   Of these
we  know little,  and  cannot  easily follow them
between the fleshy fibres.  6. Of Nerves.  These
.are numerous, and of different sizes.  They, al-
most all, proceed from the  encephalon; some,
however, issue from  ganglions, and accompany
 ♦he arteries.   In general,  they penetrate the
 fleshy tissue along with  the vessels, to which
 they are narrowly united.   After  they have en-
 tered the muscles, they  divide  and  subdivide
 until they are lost sight of.
   MUSCLE CAA'IN, Levator anguli oris — m.
 Cannele, Ischio-trochanterianus.
   Muscle  of Gavard.  The oblique muscular
 fibres of the stomach.
   MUSCLE  GRAND FESSIER, Glutaeus ma-
 jor—in. of Guthrie, Compressor Urethra:—m. of
 Horner, Tensor Tarsi—m. of Houston, Compres-
 sor venae dorsalis penis — m. tree LuVge du dos,
 Latissiinus dorsi—m.  of Wilson, Compressor ure-
 thras.
   MUS'CULAR, 3Iu8cuta'ria, 3tuaculo'ana, Toro'-
 sii8.  That which belongs  or relates to the mus-
 cles.  Well furnished with muscles.
   Muscular Ar'teries.  Arteries that are dis-
 tributed to  the  muscles.   The name, 31nacular
 Arteriea of the eye, has  been especially given  to
two branches slrit off by the ophthalmic artery:
—the one, inferior, which furnishes branches to
the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal sac, Ac, and
some  of the anterior ciliary arteries :  the other
—the superior, which is sometimes wanting ; but,
when it exists, gives branches to the rectus  su-
perior oculi and levator palpebra? superioris.
  Muscular Contrac'tion. The exertion of the
power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them-
selves, or of contracting to produce  motion : —
muscular motion being the change in the situa-
tion and relation of organs,  induced by muscular
contraction.  When  a muscle contracts, its fibres
assume more the zigzag direction,  and the extre-
mities approximate; but  the bulk of the whole
muscle is not augmented.  This contraction takes
place, at times, with extreme velocity: a single
thrill, in the letter r, can be pronounced in  the
1-30,000th part of a minute.  The force of  con-
traction, 3/yody'namia, depends upon the healthy
physical condition of the  muscle, combined with
due energy of the brain.   The duration, in  vo-
luntary motion, is for a certain time dependent
upon  the will:—contractions, excited involunta-
rily, cannot be so long maintained.
  Muscular Fibre, Fleshy fibre, Filum  muscu-
la're, Fibrilla muscuklris.  A  name given to
the filaments, which, by  their union, form  the
muscles.  This fibre is flat, soft,  downy, linear,
little  elastic, more or less red; and  arranged in
zigzag according to  its length, which is variable.
It is firmer in adults than  in the young or  the
aged; of the same size in  the great and small
muscles; and runs its  course without bifurcation
or ramification.  It is but slightly resisting in the
dead  body, tearing readily;  but during life it
supports very great efforts without laceration.  It
is, itself, composed of a considerable number of
fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al-
most ad infinitum.   The ultimate filaments into
which the fibre can be decomposed by mechani-
cal means seem to be hollow or tubular.  The
fibre  exists under  two forms, the  striated  or
atriped, and the non-atriated, amooth or unatriped;
the muscles composed of the former ministering,
as  a general rule,  to the animal functions,—
the latter always, perhaps, to the organic.  The
colour x>f the muscular fibres is red in man, and
white in several  animals.  A greater  or less
number,—united in fasciculi,  Fascic'uli  seu
Lacer'ti musculo'rum, approximated to each other,
and forming a  distinct mass, of very variable
size and shape, the extremities being attached to
bones by means of tendons,—constitutes a  muscle.
In  this are included areolar membrane,  vessels
and nerves.  See Muscle.
   Muscular  Nerves.  The nerves distributed
to the muscles are so named.  Winslow calls the
4th pair of nerves — Nerf musculaire oblique eu-
perieur.
   Muscular  System.  A term given to  the ag-
gregate of the muscles of the body.
   Muscular  Veins.   These bring  back  the
blood, which has been carried to  the muscles by
the muscular arteries.
   MUSCULARIS,  Corroborant.
   MUSCULATION, see Locomotion.
   MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD  SACRO-LUM-
BALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis—m.  Papillares, Co-
lumnae carnea;—m. Pectinati, Pectinated muscles.
   MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,  Mua'culo-cutd-
neua, from muaculua, ' a muscle,' and cutia, 'skin.'
That which appertains to muscles and skin.
   Musculo-Cutaneous Nerve.  This name ia
especially given to two  nerves; — the  one,  the
External cutaneoua  nerve, furnished  by the  bra-
chial plexus (see Cutaneous:—) the other, given
off from the poplitasus externus, (F.) NerfSciat- 
MUSCULO-RACHULEUS         581                  MYCE
ique, Paplite externe, Pritibio digital, (Ch.)   It
descends on the anterior and  outer part of the
leg,—at first,  hid  among the muscles; becomes
superficial  about the middle of the leg; and di-
vides into two branches, which pass superficially
on the back of the foot.  Two musculo-cutaneous
nerves—superior and inferior—proceed  from the
first lumbar.  The superior mnsculo-cutaneoua —
iliti-arrotnl, ilio-hypogaa'tricua — which divides
into two branches,—abdominal and scrotal.  The
inferior  muaculo-cutaneous  is smaller than the
superior, and is distributed as its name, il'io-id-
guinal, indicates.
   MUSCULO-RACHIDvE'US.  Belonging or re-
lating to muscles and to the spine.  A name given
to branches, furnished behind by the  intercostal,
lumbar,  and sacral  arteries, which are distri-
buted  to the spine and to the muscles  of the
neighbourhood.
   MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my-
oides.
   MUSCULO-SPIRAL NERVE, Radial nerve.
   MUSCULOSUS; Muscular.
   MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Obliquus internus
 abdominis—m.  Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi-
 nis—m. Constrictorius, Sphincter--—m. Cutaneus,
 Platysma myoides — m. Eustachii, Laxator tym-
 pani — m. Fallopii, Pyramidalis abdominis — m.
 Femoris membranosus, Fascia lata—m. Patientiae,
 Levator scapulae — m. Penicillatus, Levator labii
inferioris—m. Pyxoides terrestris, Lichen pyxi-
 datus—in. Scandularius, Parathenar—m.  Subcu-
 taneus, Platysma myoides — m. Succenturiatus,
 Pyramidalis  abdominis — m. Suceingens,  Dia-
phragm— m. Supercilii, Corrugator supercilii —
 m. Testicondus, Cremaster—m. Testis, Cremaster
—m. Tubie novte, Circumflexus.
   MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Lichen plicatus —m.
 Caninus, Lichen caninus—m. Catharticus, Lyco-
 podium selago — m. Clavatus, Lycopodium — m.
 Corallinus,  Corallina Corsicana — in. Cranii hu-
 mani, Lichen saxatilis—m. Erectus, Lycopodium
 selago—m.  Helminthocortos, Corallina Corsicana
—m. Islandicus, Lichen islandicus —m. Marinus,
 Corallina Corsicana—m. Maritimus, Corallina—
 m. Pulmonarius quercinus, Lichen pulmonarius
 —m. Pyxidatus, Lichen pyxidatus—m. Villosus,
 Peristroma.
   31 US EAU DE TAN CHE, Os uteri.
   MUSEUM ANATOM'ICUM, Supellex ana-
 tom'ica.   An anatomical museum.
   MUSHROOM, Fungus.
   MUSIC,  3Iu'aica,  (F.) 3Iuaique, from povoa,
 mnaa,  'a song.'  The art  of producing harmo-
 nious and cadenced  sounds; an art, which has,
 at times, been beneficially used in diseases, par-
ticularly in those  of the mind; or on which the
 mind could act in a  salutary manner.
   MUSICOMA'NIA, 3Iusomdnia, from  music,
 and mania,   A variety of monomania  in which
 the passion for music is carried to such an extent
as to derange the intellectual faculties.
   MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa.
   3IUSIQUE, Music.
   MUSK,  3Ioschns,  3tosch  (Arab.),  (F.) 3Iusc.
A peculiar concrete  animal substance,  of a very
 diffusible odour, bitter  taste, and  a deep brown
colour: solid, and enclosed  in a sac  found near
the  anus of the 3Ioschus moschif'erua or 3Iusk
Deer.   It is possessed of stimulant and antispas-
modic properties.  Dose, gr. v to 3J in  bolus.
   Musk, Artificial,  Moachua fuctil'ius, Ueal-
ncr  Suc'cini.  (Ol. auccini  rectif.  1  part, acid.
nitric I parts.  Digest;—a black  matter will be
deposited, whieh must be well washed with water.)
   MUSKGRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus  vomitorius.
   MUSKMALLOW, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   MUSKROOT, Sumbul.
  MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  MUSKWOOD, Thymiama.
  MUSOMANIA, Musicomania.
  MUSQUITO, Mosquito.
  MUSSiEN'DAFRONDO'SA,i?e7i77n,Z?c('e'«o7>.
A decoction of this plant has been esteemed re-
frigerant.
  MUSSEL, Mytilus edulis.
  MUSSITA'TIO, 3Iussita'tion, from  musdtare,
itself from  musaare, 'to murmur.'  A condition,
in which the tongue and lips move, as in the act
of speaking, but without sounds being produced.
This sort of murmuring is an unfavourable sign
in disease, as indicating great cerebral debility.
  MUSTA'CEUM : from 3Instacca,  a kind  of
laurus used in  making it.  A kind of wedding-
cake used  by  the  ancients, which consisted  of
meal, aniseed, cummin, and several other aroma-
tics ; its object—it has been  conceived—being to
prevent or  remove the indigestion occasioned  by
too great indulgence at the marriage feast.
  MUSTACHE, Mvstax.
  MUSTARD, BLACK. Sinapis —m.  Clammy,
Polanisia  graveolens — m.  Essence  of, White-
head's, see  Sinapis — m. False, Polanisia graveo-
lens— m.  Hedge, Erysimum — m.  Mithridate,
Thlaspi campestre — m. Stinking hedge, Alliaria
—m. Treacle, Thlaspi arvense — m. White, Sina-
pis  alba—m. Wild, Sinapis arvensis.
  MUSTELANEUS, Galeancon.
  MUSTUM, Wort.
  MUTACIS'MUS, 3Iu'tacism,  from  uvraiaeio,
' I use the  letter  m too frequently.'   A vicious
pronunciation;  consisting, according to Sauvages,
in the frequent repetition of the letters b, p, and
m,  which are substituted for  others.
  MUTA'TIO SEXIJS. A change or conversion
of sex.   A notion  prevailed in  antiquity that
such a conversion was possible.
  MUTEO'SIS.  Under  this name  is compre-
hended  every phenomenon of expression, volun-
tary and involuntary, which impresses the sight
or touch.
  MUTILA'TION, 3Iutildtio,  3Iaiming,   from
mutilus, ' broken.'  The removal or privation  of
a limb, or of some other external part of the body.
In  all countries, this  crime has been  punished
with severity.
  MUTINUS, Penis.
  3IUTIS3IE,  Mutitas.
  MU'TITAS,  mutus,  'dumb.'   Obtumescen'tia,
Ala'lia, Anau'dia, Dumbness, Speechlessness, (F.)
3Iutismc, 3Iutiti.   Impossibility of articulating
sounds; although they can  be elicited.  Dumb-
ness is  often congenital, and united with deaf-
ness, of which  it is an effect.  In some*cases it is
accidental.
  Mutitas Surdo'rum, Apho'nia Surdorum, Sur-
domu'titas,  'Deaf-dumbness.  Speechlessness from
deafness ; congenital, or produced during infancy.
The subjects of this  affection  are called deaf-
dumb, (F.)  Sourds-muets.
  3IUTITE, Mutitas.
  MUTO. Penis.
  MUTONIATUS. Membrosus.
  3IUTTERKORN, Ergot.
  MUTTON TEA.  Prepared from a pound  of
mutton, freed from the fat and cut into thin slices •
and a pint  and a half of boiling soft water poured
over them,  as in the case of beef tea; except that
it requires  to be boiled for half an  hour after the
maceration, before it is strained through a sieve.
  MUTUNNUS, Priapus.
  MYACANTHA, Ruseus.
  MYALGIA. Cramp.
  MYASTHENI'A,  from uvs,  'a muscle,' and
aaStvsia, 'debility.'  Muscular debility.
  MYCE, Occlusion. 
MYCES
582
MYOLEMMA
  MYCES, Fungus.
  MYCHMUS,  Suspirium.
  MYCHTHISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium.
  MYCODEKM'A, 3Iy'coderm;  from pvKi,s, 'a.
mushroom,' and Stppa, ' skin.'  A  cryptogamous
growth, which  constitutes the crusts of favus.
See Porrigo favosa.
  Mycoderma Cerevisia, Torula cerevisia}.
  MYCODES, Fungoid.
  MYCOKTHOPNCE'A;  from  uvkos,  'mucus,'
and  opdonvota,  'difficulty of breathing  except
when in the erect  attitude.'  Orthopnosa from
excessive  secretion of mucus in the air-passages
— Orthopntr'a pituito'sa.
  MYCOSIS, Fungus.
  MYCTERES, Myxse, Nares.
  MYCTEROPHONIA, Rhinophonia.
  MYCTEROXE'ROTES;  from  pvmrnpts,  'the
nares,' and faporns, ' dryness.'  Ndrium sic'citas.
Dryness of the interior of the nose.
  MYCUS, Mucus.
  MYDE'SIS, from pvSaia, 'I abound with mois-
ture.'  In its most  general sense, it  means cor-
ruption.   By some, it is  used  for a mucous dis-
charge from inflamed eyelids.
  MYDON, pvSuiv.  Same etymon.  Fungous or
putrid flesh in certain fistulous ulcers. — Pollux.
Also, flesh putrid from mouldiness.
  M Y D RI' A SIS,  Platycor'ia,  Platycori'asis,
Amydrlasis.  A  name given by several writers
to morbid dilatation of the pupil; and, by others,
to weakness of sight, produced by hydrophthalmia;
from /jvSos, ' moisture.'
  MYDRIAT'ICUS, 3Iydriat'ic.  Relating to or
causing dilatation of the pupil.  Pereira.
  MYELAL'GIA; from  iivtXos, 'the spinal mar-
row,' and a\yos, 'pain.'   Pain in the spinal mar-
row.
  MYELAPOPLEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica.
  MYELATELI'A;   from  uvcXos, 'the  spinal
marrow,'  and areXtta,  'want of end or finish.'
Incompleteness of the spinal marrow.
  MYELATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis.
  31 YE LITE,  Myelitis.
  MYELI'TIS, M. parenchymato'sa, M. spina'lis,
Infiamma'tio medul'la spina'lis, Spini'tis, Spino-
dorsi'tis, A'otomyeli'tis, Rachiomyeli'tis, Rachial-
gi'tis, (of some,) (F.) 3Iyilite, Inflammation de la
moelle epiniere ou rachidienne, from  pvt\os, 'the
marrow,'  and itis, denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation  of  the  spinal marrow or its mem-
branes ;—indicated by deep-seated burning pain
in the spine, with various nervous and vascular
irregularities of  function.   It is  not  common.
Dr.  Marshall Hall proposes to call inflamma-
tion of th% membranes of the brain  3teningitis;
that of the substance of the brain Myelitis.
  Myelitis Spinalis, Myelitis—m. Exsudativa,
Hydroraehis —m. Parenchymatosa, Myelitis.
  MYELOCHYSIS, Hydroraehis.
   MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic.)
  MYELOMA, see Encephaloid.
   MYE LOM ALACIA, Mollities medullse spinalis.
   MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid.
   MYELON, Medulla spinalis.
   MYELOPARALYSIS, Paraplegia.
   MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis—m. Sicca,
Tabes mesenterica.
   MYELOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula medulla spi-
na'lis, from fivtXos, 'marrow,' and tpvua, 'atuber-
cle.'  Tubercles of the spinal marrow.
   MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia myelitica.
   MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid.
   MYELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis —m. Di-
auchenius,  Medulla spinalis — m. Dorsites, Me-
 dulla spinalis — m. Notiajus, Medulla spinalis —
m. Psoites, Medulla spinalis.
  MYENERGI'A, from pvs, 'a muscle,' tv, and
tpyov, ' work.'  Muscular strength.
  MYGMUS, Suspirium.
  MYIOCEPHALUM, Staphyloma.
  MYIODEOPS1A, Metamorphopsia.
  MYITIS, Myositis,  Rheumatism, acute.
  MYLACRI, Molar teeth.
  MYLACRIS, Patella.
  MYLE, Patella, Mole.
  MYLICUS, Molar.
  MYLODI,  Molar teeth.
  MYLODONTES, Molar teeth.
  MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from uv\n, 'the jaw,'and
yXoio-o-a, 'the  tongue.'  Winslow has given this
name to muscular fibres,  which pass from the
posterior part of the myloid line of the lower jaw,
and from the sides of the base of the tongue  to
the parietes of the pharynx.  These fibres belong
to the constrictor superior pharyngis.
  MYLO-HYOID LINE,  see Mylo-hyoideus.
  Mylo-Hyoid Furrow or Groove.  A furrow
which passes  from the superior orifice of the in-
ferior dental  canal of the  lower jaw in the same
direction as the canal, and lodges the mylo-hyoid
nerve, a branch of the inferior-dental.
  Mylo-Hyoid Nerve, see Mylo-hyoid furrow.
  MYLO-HYOIDEUS, from ,iv\n, ' the jaw,' and
'voticns, 'the  os hyoides.'   31yluo'des, (P.) 3Iylo-
hyo'idien.   The  31ylo-pharyngeus  of Morgagni
and  Santorini.  This muscle  is situate at the
upper and anterior part of the  neck, behind the
lower jaw.  It is  broad, flat, and  has  the form
of a truncated triangle.  It arises from the inter-
nal oblique, internal maxillary or mylo-hyoid line
of the lower jaw bone, and is inserted at the fore
part of the body of the os hyoides.  Its innermost
fibres unite with those of the opposite side' to
form a raphe on the median  line.   The mylo-
hyoideus raises the os hyoides and carries it for-
ward, or it depresses the lower jaw.
  MYLO-PHARYNGEUS, Constrictor  pharyn-
gis, Mylo-hyoideus.
  MYLUODES, Mylo-hyoideus.
  MYOCARDITIS, Carditis.
  MYOCEPHALI'TIS, 3tyltia cephal'ica; from
uvs, or pvtov,  ' a muscle,' Kttpa\n> ' head,' and itis,
denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation of the
muscles of the head.
  MYOCEPHALON, Staphyloma.
  MYOC(ELIAL'GIA,from/juuv,'muscle,'xoiha,
' abdomen,' and  a\ytoi, ' I suffer.'   Pain in the
muscles of the abdomen.
   MYOCCELI'TIS, Myocoelii'tia, Inflamma'tio
muaculo'rum abdomina'lium, from pvoiv, ' muscle,'
Koi\ta, 'lower belly,' and ?ris, denoting inflamma-
tion.   Inflammation of the muscles of the abdo-
men.
   MYODEOP'SIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MYO'DES, from pvs, ' a muscle,' and ttoos, 're-
semblance.'  Like unto muscle.  Muscular.
   MYODESOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MYODYNA'MIA,  Via musculo-'ria ; from pvs,
'a muscle,'and Swapts,  'power.'  The  force  or
power of a muscle.
   MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction.
   MYODYNAMIOMETER, Dynamometer.
   MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer.
   MYODYN'IA, from uvuiv, 'muscle,' and oown,
 'pain.'  Pain in the muscles, — rheumatismal or
other.  Rheumatism.
   Myodynia Inflammatoria, Myositis.
   MYOG'RAPHY, 3Iyogra'phia, from pvoiv,
 'muscle,'and ypatptiv, 'to describe.'  An anato-
 mical description of the muscles.
   MYOLEM'MA, -Myole'ma, from  pvwv, 'a mus-
 cle,' and Xt/ipa, ' a coat.'   The  membranous tube 
                  MYOLINE

of each muscular fibre.  It has also the same sig-
nification as Sarcokntma.
 ^MY'OLINE, from pvwv, 'a muscle.'  A name
given  by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to a transparent
substance that fills the cells, which, he conceives,
by their  juxtaposition form the ultimate muscu-
lar fibril.
   MYOL'OGY,  3Iyolog"ia, Sarcolog'ia, 31,/aiol-
og"ia; from pvwv, 'a muscle,' and Xoyos,  'a dis-
course.'   That part of anatomy  which treats of
the muscles.
   MYON, Muscle.
   MYONARCO'SIS, from pvuv,  'a muscle,' and
vapxn,  'stupor.'   Numbness of the muscles.
   MYON ITIS, Myositis.
   MYON'OSUS,  3Iyonu'sos,  3Iyopathla,  from
ixvwv, ' a muscle,' and voaos, ' disease.'  A disease
of the  muscles.
   MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum.
   MYOPATHIA, Myonosus.
   MYOPE, Myops.
   MYOPHO'NIA, from  puv, 'a muscle,' and
tpuvn, ' voice.'  The  sound of muscular contrac-
tion, — as that of the ventricles of the heart, du-
ring the systole of that organ.
   MYO'PIA, 3lyoplasis, Luacios'ita8, 3lyo'sis,
I'arop'sia  propin'qua, Amb/yo'jiia dieaito'rum,
Dyao'jiiii dieaito'rum, Dyspho'tia,  Visits ju'venum,
from ixotn, 'I close,' or  from pvs, 'a mouse,' and
uii^, ' the  eye ;' 3ly'opy, Short-aightedneaa,  Netir-
aightedneaa, 3louse-aight, Purblindness,  (F.) Vue
courte.   Persons  who  can only see objects very
near.   Tho defect is owing to the too great con-
vexity of the eye, or too great density of the hu-
mours, and is palliated by wearing  concave glasses.
   MYOPI'C, 31 yop'icua;  same etymon.  Short-
sighted, Porebliml, Purblind.  Relating or apper-
taining to myopia.
   MYOPODIORTHO'TICON, from pvurp, 'one
that is short-sighted,' and  &iop$wrticov, 'having
power  to correct.' An apparatus for the cure of
short-sightedness.—A. A. Berthold.
   M\TOPS,  Luscio'sus,  Myo'pus,  3Iy'ope.   Same
etymon.   One  affected with  myopia or  short-
sightedness.
   MYOPY, Myopia.
   MYORRHEXIS, from  pvs, 'a muscle,' and
pn&s, ' rupture.'   Rupture of a muscle.
   MYO'SIS, from pvu>, 'I close.' 3Iicrocor'ia.
Smallness  of the pupil.   Phthisis jiitpilla'ris.
Permanent contraction of the pupil. It is usually
caused by iritis, and is extremely  difficult to cure.
When it  exists to such an extent as to obliterate
the pupil, it is called Synizeaia.  Also, Myopia.
   31YOSITE, Myositis.
   M Y 0 S I T ' I  C ;  3Iyoait'icua,   from  3Iyoaia.
Causing contraction of  the pupil, — as opium. —
Pereira.
   MYOSI'TIS, 3Iyltia, Myaltia, 3Iyoni'tia,Sarcl-
tis, Rheumatia'mus phlegmono'des, 3Iyodyn'ia in-
jlaminato'ria,  Phlegma'sia  myo'iea, Inflammatio
seu Phhg'mone  3Iusculo'rum, (F.) 31yosite, In-
fiammatioit  des muscles, from pvuiv, 'a muscle.'
A  name  proposed by Sugar for inflammation  of
the muscles.   Also, Rheumatism.
   MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella, Rheumatism,
Rheumatism, acute.
   MYOSPASMUS, Cramp.
   MYOLTL'ITY, Myotilitas, from pvwv, 'a mus-
cle.'   Muscular contractility. — Chaussier.
   MYOT'OMY,  -Myntom'iu, from nvtov, 'a mus-
cle,' and  rtpvtiv,  'to cut.'  The part of  practical
anatomy  which  treats  of the dissection  of the
muscles.   Also,  the surgical operation of the
division of muscles to remove deformity.
   MYOTYRBE,  Chorea.
13              MYROBALANUS

   MYRAC'OPUM,  from pvpov,  'an  ointment,'
 and kokos, 'fatigue.'  An ointment used by the
 ancients in cases of fatigue.
   MYREPSUS, Unguentarius.
   MYR'IAGRAMME, from pvpia, '10,000,' and
 ypappa,  'gramme.'  A weight  equal to 10,000
 grammes,  or to 26 pounds, 9  ounces, and  6
 drachms Troy.
   MYRIAMETRE.  A measure of 10,000 me-
 tres ; equal to 16 miles,. 1 furlong, 156 yards, and
 14 inches.
   MYRICA  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Comptonia as-
 plenifolia— m.  Cerifera, see Cera  flava et  alba,
 and Wax, myrtle.
   Myri'ca Gale, 3Iyrtus Braban'tica seu Ang'-
 liea, 3Iyri'ca palua'tria, 3Iyrtifo'lia lielgica,Gale,
 Gagel,  Rhue eylves'tria, Ac'aron, Elaag'nua, E.
 Cordo,  Chamalaag'nua, Dodona'a, Dutch myrtle.
 Sweet gale, Sweet willow, Candleberry myrtle, (F.)
 Pi ment Royal, Thide Simon Pauli, Gale odorant.
 Family, Aruentaeese.  Sex. Syst. Dicecia Tetran-
 dria.  The  leaves,  flowers, and  seeds have  a
 strong, fragrant smell, and a bitter taste.   They
 are used for destroying moths and  cutaneous in-
 sects.   The infusion is given internally as a sto-
 machic and vermifuge.
   Myrica Palustris, M. Gale.
   MYRINGA, see  Tympanum.
   MYRINGI'TIS, Infiamma'tio  tym'pani;  from
 3fyringa, ' the  membrana tympani;' and itis, de-
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mem-
 brana tympani; and, also, of the tympanum.
   MYRINX, see Tympanum.
   MYRIS, 3Iyrothe'ce, Narthe'eia, Narthe'cium,
 Narthex, from fivpov, ' a perfumed oil or ointment.'
 A perfumed oil or ointment box or jar.
   MYRIS'TICA, 31. 3Ioscha'ta, 31. aromat'ica seu
 officina'lis seu fragrans,  Comacon.  A'nt.  Ord.
 Myristicese.  The tree which produces the nut-
 meg and mace.  (F.) 3Iuscadier.  The Nutmeg,
 3Iyristictt, (Ph. U. S.) 3Iyris'tica nilcle.ua, 3Iyris'-
 tica moscha'ta nu'cleus, A'ux moscha'ta seu icn-
 guenta'ria, Nucia'ta, Nux myris'tiea, Chrysobal -
 anit8 Gale'ni,  Unguenta'ria, As'sala, Aux  aro-
 mat'ica, (F.) 31uscade, is  the seed or kernel.  It
 has a fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable pun-
 gent taste, and is  much  used for culinary pur-
 poses.  Alcohol extracts its active matter. It has
 the properties of aromatics in general; being sti-
 mulant and stomachic.   The oil—O'leum myris'-
 tiea—possesses the virtues of the nutmeg.   Dose
 of the nutmeg, gr. v. to 9 j ;—of the oil gtt.  iij to
 gtt. vj.
   3lace, 3Iacis, 3Iaces, Flores maris seu ma'cidos,
 (F.) Pleura de  muscade, is the involucrum of the
 fruit. It is membranous, with the odoUr and taste
 of the nutmeg, and is possessed of similar quali-
 ties.  The O'leum macis is  a fragrant, sebaceous
 substance, expressed in the East  Indies.  It is
 only used externally.
   MYRISTICiE NUCLEUS, see Myristica mos-
 chata.
   MYRMECIA, Formica.
   MYRMECIASIS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formi-
 cation.
   MYRMECIASMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  For-
 mication.
   MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi-
 cation.
   MYRMECIZON, Formicant.
   MYRMECOSIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formica-
 tion.
   MYRMEX, Formica.
   MYROBAL'ANUS, from uvpov, 'an ointment.'
 and jiaXavos, ' a nut;' so called, because formerly
 used in ointment; Angeloc'ucos, 3tyro'balan,Glans
 unguenta'ria, Palma ungucntario'ritm.   A  dried
5J 
MYRON
Indian frnit, of the plum kind, of different species
of Termiudlia.  Of this there are several varie-
ties—the 3f. Bellir'ica or Belliric myrobulan, Bel-
legu, Bellerigi, Belnileg: — the 31.  cheb'ula or
Chebide myrob'alan;  the 31. cit'rina or Yellow
myrobalan, Ara'ra; the 31. Em'blica or emblic
myrobalan, and  the 31. In'dica, As'uar,  Indian
or Black myrobalan.  All the myrobalans have
an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste; and
strike an inky blackness with a solution of  steel.
They are said to possess laxative as well as as-
tringent properties.
  MYRON, Myrum, Unguentum.
  MYROPISSOCE'RON.  A topical application
in alopecia, referred  to  by Galen ;  from pvpov,
' ointment,' ittaaa, ' pitch,' and xnpos, ' wax.'
  MYROPC3US, Unguentarius.
  MYROPOLES, Apothecary, Unguentarius.
  MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCENS, Myroxy-
lum  Peruiferum—m. Peruiferum,  see Myroxylon
Peruiferum.
  MYR0X1TL0N, see M. Peruiferum.
  Myrox'ylon  Peruif'erum,  Myrosperm'um
frutes'eens, from uvpov, 'an ointment,' and fvAov,
'wood;' Caburelba. Nat.Ord. Leguminosae. The
tree  which  affords the Peru'vian balsam,  Bal-
samum Peruvia'num, Putzochill, Myrox'yli Perui-
feri balsamum, 3Iyrox'ylon,  Balsamum Perua'-
num, Cabureiciba, Indian, 3Iexican, or American
balsam, (F.) Baume de Pirou.  This balsam con-
sists of benzoic acid, resin, and essential oil. Its
odour  is fragrant  and aromatic; taste hot and
bitter: it  is soluble  in alcohol, and miscible in
water by the aid of mucilage. It is stimulant and
tonic, and considered to be expectorant: as such,
it has been employed in paralysis, chronic asthma,
chronic bronchitis and rheumatism,  gleet, leu-
corrhoea, Ac, and  externally, for cleansing and
stimulating  foul indolent ulcers.   Dose gtt. v to
gtt. xxx.
   White Balsam of Peru, Natural balsam,  Bul'-
tamum album, Styrax alba, Balsamelaon,  is ob-
tained  by incision from Myrosper'mum peruif-
erum.
  Myroxylon Toluiferum, ToluiferaBalsamum.
  MY'RRHA, Heb. "ID ;  Bola, Stacte, Ergas'ma,
Myrrh, Calo'nia, Smyrna, Myrrha  rubra,  (F.)
31yrrhe.  The exudation of an unknown plant of
Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to be the Bal-
samaden'dron  myrrha.   This  gum-resin  has  a
fragrant,-peculiar  odour;  and  bitter aromatic
taste.  It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre-
gular tears; partially soluble in  distilled water
when aided by friction.  S. G. 1.360.  It is stimu-
lant; and has been used in cachectic affections,
humoral asthma, chronic bronchitis, Ac.  Dose,
gr. x to &.
  Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium.
  MYRRHINE, Myrtus.
  MYRRHIS ANNUA, Athamanta  Cretensis —
m. Major, Chasrophyllum odoratum—m. Odorata,
Choarophyllum odoratum.
  MYRSINE, Myrtus.
  MYRSINEL^E'ON, from pvpoivn, 'the myrtle,'
and tXaiov, ' oil.'  Oil of myrtle. — Dioscorides.
  MYRSINI'TES, |ictipo-ii>iT»/s.  Wine in  which
branches of myrtle have  been macerated.
  MYRTACANTHA, Rnscus.
  3IYRTE COMMUN, Myrtus.
  MY'RTID'ANON, nvpnbavov. An excrescence,
growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as
an astringent.  Also, a  wine — Vinum 3Iyrlid-
anuin —made from wild myrtle berries.
  MYRTIFOLIA  BELGICA, Myrica gale.
   MYR'TIFORM, 3Iyrtiform'is, 3Iyrto'des, from
myrtus, ' a myrtle,' and forma, ' shape.'  Having
the shape of a leaf of myrtle.  A name given to
MYURUS
a muscle (depressor alae nasi), to the fossa inci-
siva:  and to certain caruncles, Ac.
  MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depressor
alae nasi.
  MYRTI'TES.  A name given to a medicine
prepared with honey and myrtle berries.
  MYRTLE, Myrtus—in.  Berry, Vaccinium myr-
tillus — m. Candleberry, Myrica gale—m. Dutch,
Myrica gale—m. Wild, Ruscus.
  MYRTOCHEILIDES, Nymphae.
  MYRTOC1IILA, Nymphae.
  MYRTODES, Myrtiform.
  MYRTON, Clitoris.
  MY'RTUS,  3Iyr'tus  commu'nis, 31.  communis
Italica,  3lyrslne, 3Iyrrhi'ne, The 3tyrtle, (F.)
3Iyrte  Commun.  The  berries of this plant have
been recommended in alvine and uterine fluxes
and  other disorders of relaxation and debility.
They are moderately astringent and somewhat
aromatic.
  Myrtus Anglica, Myrica gale — m. Braban-
tica, Myrica gale.
  Myrtus Caryophylla'ta, Calyptran'thes ca-
ryophylldta,  Cassia caryophylla'ta, Canella ca-
ryophyllata, (F.) Capelet,  CanneUe giro/tee. The
tree which is considered to afford the Clove bark;
Cortex caryophylld tus seu caryophyllata.  This
bark is a warm aromatic; resembling clove with
an admixture of cinnamon. It may be used with
the same views as cloves or cinnamon.
  Myrtus Caryophyllus,  Eugenia caryophyl-
lata—m. Leucodendron, Melaleuca cajaputi.
  Myrtus Pimen'ta.  The tree which bears the
Jamaica pepper, Pimen'ta baeca, Pimento ber-
ries, Pimento, Piper caryophylld tum, ('oe'euli Indi
aromat'ici, Piper  chid pa,  Amo'mum  pimenta,
Fructus pimenti, Carive, Caryophyllus Americd-
nus seu  Pimen'ta, Piper odordtum Jamaicen'se,
Allspice, Piper Jamaicen'se, Piper tabas'cum, (F.)
Poivre de Jamaique, Toute ipice, Assourou. The
unripe berries — Pimenta  (Ph. U. S.) — have an
aromatic odour; resembling a mixture  of cinna-
mon, nutmeg,  and cloves; the taste is pungent,
but mixed, like the odour.  Like other peppers,
this  is stimulant and  carminative.  The oil —
O'leum Pimen'ta — possesses the virtues of the
berries.  The  powdered   fruit has been  called
Quatre ipices or Four  spices.   Dose gr.  v to
Bij-
  MYRUM,  Myron, pvpov.   A perfumed  oil or
ointment. A liquid perfume.  The spontaneously
exuding  juice of many plants, especially of that
from which myrrh is obtained.
  MYS,  Muscle.
  MYSIOLOGIA, Myology.
  MYSITIS, Myositis.
  MYSTAX, Mastax.  The hair growing on each
side  of the upper lip in men. The mustache or
mustachio, (F.) 3Iouatache. Also, the upper lip.
  MYSTE'RION,  /iuo-Ti7pioi<,  'a mystery.'  An
arcanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in gene-
ral.  Also, an antidote referred  to by Galen and
others.
  MYSTRON, pvarpov.  A Greek measure, which
held about three drachms.
  MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS.  The  common  mussel,
(F.)  3Ioule.   A bivalve, the flesh of which, when
at all in  a state of decomposition, is highly poi-
sonous.  When fresh, it is an agreeable,  but not
very digestible article of diet.
  MYU'RUS,  3Ieiu'ros.  A  pulse is  so called
when it sinks progressively and  becomes smaller
and  smaller  like a rat's tail;  from pvs,  ' rat,'
and  ovpa, 'tail.'   Pulsus myurus recip'rocus,  a
pulse,  which,  after having  become  gradually
weaker,  resumes,  by degrees, its former cha-
racter.
4 
MYXA
585
NANUS
MYXA, Mucus, Sebestina.
MYXA3, Mycteres.
MYXEOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura.
MYXODES, Muciform.
 MYXOR'RHOOS, /mfoppooy, from uvfa 'i
is,'  and ptui,  ' I flow.'  One who  is subjec
                                         'mu-
                                     lbject to
mucous discharge.   Applied to an  infant, that
discharges a considerable quantity of mucus and

  MYXOSARCO'MA, from /jufa, 'mucus,' and
aapi, ' flesh.'  A tumour whieh is mucocarneous ;
partly mucous and partly fleshy.
  MYXOTER, Nasus.
  MYZESIS, Sucking.
K
   N.  This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg-
ment of Numero, 'by number.'
   NAB'ALUS ALBUS, Prenailthes serpenta'ria,
 White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Rattlesnake's 3Iaster,
Rattlesnake root.  An  indigenous plant,  of the
order Compositae, which, with several other spe-
cies of the genus, is reputed to possess the power
of curing  the bites of serpents.  The  root has
been used  in dysentery.
   NABOT, Saccharum candidum.   w
   NABO'THI GLAN'DULA,  O'vula  seu Ova
Nabothi seu Nabothia'na, Ova'rium Nabothi, Fol-
liculi rotun'di  et oblon'gi, Vesic'ula seu Bulla
rotun'da cervlcis u'teri, Vesic'ula semina'les mu-
lie'rum, Cor'pora globo'sa, Corpus'cula  globo'sa,
Glandula  seu Hydat'ides cervi'cia uteri.  Small,
mucous crypts or follicles situate in the interstices
of the duplicatures  of the lining membrane of
the cervix  uteri.  Naboth,  from noticing them in
a morbid condition,  mistook  them for ova; and
hence they received the name Ovula Nabothi.
   NACRA, Na/cra,  A^asa.  A kind  of influenza
common in the East Indies.
   NACRE, Margaritaceous.
   NACREOUS, Margaritaceous.
   NJEVI, see Nasvus.
   NA5VUS, Plural Navi;  Navua mater'nua, N.
S'igillum, Nota mater'na, Nevua, 3Iac'ula matri'-
cia, 31. 3Iater'na seu matricdlea, Nota infan'tum,
Lupua varico'aua, Stig'mata,  31etrocelidea,  Con-
genita nota, 3Iother'a 3tarks, Fancy marka, 31o-
ther'a  8pota,  (F.)  Envie,   Tache  de  Naiaaance.
Spots of various  kinds  on  the skin of  children
when  born, whic^  have been attributed  to the
influence of the maternal imagination  on  the
foetus in utero.  They are of various appearances,
some much  better  supplied  with  blood   than
others.  Some are merely superficial or stain-like
spots:  others are  prominent;  and often have
long, irregular hairs growing from them.  These
have usually been called 31olea, Spili, Spilo'ma,
Epichro'ses spili, Ac.
  When nasvi are superficial, without any dispo-
sition  to enlarge or spreacH they need not be
meddled with : but all  those that partake  of the
character of aneurism by anastomosis had better
be removed, where practicable.
  NvEVUS Sigillum, Nsevus.
  NAFDA, Naphtha.
  NAIL, Sax. naejl, (G.) Nag el, Unguis, Onyx,
(F.) Ongle.  A whitish transparent substance,
similar to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity
of the fingers.  Three portions are distinguished
in it; the extremity, which  is  free, at the end of
the finger;—the body or middle portion  adherent
by  its inner surface;  and the  root, Radix seu
Slatrix unguis, Inftimum unguis.   The last pre-
sents two distinct parts ; the one, terminated by
a thin, serrated  edge, is buried  in a duplicature
of the skin; the other, called Lu'nula seu &mt-
lu'nula  seu Sde'iie seu Arcus  seu  Exor'tns seu
Analole seu Albe'do uilguium, is whitish and of
a semilunar shape, and is situate above the part
where the  epidermis terminates.   The nails are
composed of a horny tissue, of the same nature
as that which forms the hoofs, horns, and scales
of different animals.  When the nail has been
torn off, the papillas of the skin become covered
by a soft, whitish lamina, whose consistence gra-
dually augments.  New laminae  are then formed
underneath, and give  the  nail the thickness  it
ought to possess. The corneous substance, being
thus constantly produced at the extremity of each
of these laminas, the whole of the nail is  pushed
forwards, and it would grow indefinitely, were it
not cut or worn by friction.
  The nails protect and support the extremities
of the fingers against the impression of  hard
bo-dies.   They are, also, useful in laying hold of
small bodies;  and dividing those that have but
little consistence.
  NAIN, Nanus.
  NARRA, Nacra.
  NANNARI, Hemidesmus Indicus.
  NANNYBERRY, Viburnum lentago.         >
  NANOCEPH'ALUS, from vavos, 'a dwarf,' and
KttpaXn, ' head.'   A monstrous state in which the
whole head or certain of  its parts are too small,
whilst the trunk and extremities are normal.
  NANOCOR'MUS, from  vavos,  'a  dwarf,' and
Koppos, 'a  trunk.'   A monstrous condition in
which the  trunk is too  small, whilst the  head
possesses its normal size.
  NANOM'ELUS,  from  vavos, 'a dwarf,'  and
fitXos, 'a limb.'   A monstrous condition in which
some part of an extremity is  too  small, and the
whole limb too short.
  NANOSO'MUS,  from  vavos, 'a  dwarf,'  and
ooipa,  ' body.'  Dwarf ishness.  A state in which
the entire body with all its  parts is smaller than
common.
  NANUS,  Pumil'io,  Pu'milo, Pusil'lus, 'a
dwarf.'   (Pu'milus, Pumi'liue, 'dwarfish.)   (F.)
Nain.  One who is much  below the usual stature.
The term is  applicable to  all organized beings
from man  to the vegetable.   Trees have  their
dwarfs, as the human species have theirs.   Some
curious authenticated instances of human dwarfs
are on record.  Bebe, the  dwarf of Stanislaus,
king of Poland, was  33  inches  (French) long,
and well proportioned.   The  Polish  nobleman,
Borwlaski,  who  was well  made,  clever,  and  a
good linguist, measured 28 Paris inches.  He had
a brother,  34 inches  high, and  a sister  21.  A
Friesland peasant,  at 26 years of age, bad at-
tained 29  Amsterdam inches.  C. H.  Stoberin,
of Niirnberg, was  under three feet high at 20,
yet he was well proportioned and possessed of
talents.   General Tom Thumb,   so  called,  was
seen by the Author in 1S47.  He was said tc be
15 years old; measured 28 inches in  height, and
when  weighed at the mint was  found to weigh
20 pounds and 2 ounces.  See Pygmy. 
                    NAPE

  NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha.
  NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum napellus.
  NAP1LE FLORES, see Citrus aurantium.
  NAPHTHA, Acetone.
  Naphtha,  ATafda, ATapta, Naptdlius, O'leum
petra album; from a Chaldaic  and Syriac word
signifying  bitumen.   A  bituminous  substance,
found in  Persia,  Calabria,  Sicily,  Ac.   It  is
liquid, limpid, of a yellowish white  colour, a
smell slightly resembling that  of oil of turpen-
tine, and  lighter than water.   It resembles pe-
troleum in its  properties, and  has  been chiefly
used as an external application; although, occa-
sionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhalation  in
phthisis pulmonalis.
  Naphtha, Coal Tar, Light, see Anassthetic..
  Naphtha  Vitrioli,  jEther  sulphuricus—n.
Vitrioli  camphorata, Tinctura aetherea campho-
rata— n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinctura  seu Alcohol
sulphurico-asthereus ferri — n. Wood, Acetone.
  NAPH'THALINE, Naphthallna, Naph'thalin.
When coal-tar is subjected to distillation, naph-
thaline passes over after  coal naphtha.  It is a
white,  shining,  concrete, crystalline substance,
fusible at  176° and boiling at 423°.   It is soluble
in alcohol, ether, naphtha and the oils, but inso-
luble in water.   It has  been used as an excitant
expectorant,  in  the  dose of 8  to  30 grains,  in
emulsion  or  syrup,  and  repeated.   It has also
been used as an anthelmintic; and, when made
into an ointment, in psoriasis, lepra vulgaris, Ac.
  NAPIFORM, Bunioid.
  NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis.
  NAPLES, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The climate  of
Naples in its general characters resembles that
of Nice, but  it is more changeable: the sirocco
too, which is little known in Nice, is  severely felt
at Naples.  It  is not a  good residence  for the
phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed, con-
siders it altogether unsuitable.
  Naples, Mineral Waters of.  In the Quarter
Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich
in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid.   It
is much used as an aperient tonic, and in cutane-
ous affections.
  Naples Water, Factit"ious, (F.)  Eau  de
Naples, Aqua Neapolita'na,  Aqua  acid'ula hy-
drosulphurdta.   (Acidulous water,  containing
four times its bulk  of  carbonic acid, §xv, and
giij; hydrosulphuretted water, gix;  carbonate  of
soda, gr. viij;  carbonate  of magnesia, gr. x. M.
Ph. P.)
  NAPTA, Nanus, Nata.
  NAPTALIUS, Nanus.
  NAPUS,  Sinapis — n.  Leucosinapis,  Sinapis
alba — n.  Sylvestris, Brassica napus.
  NAPY, Sinapis.
  NARCAPIITE, Thymiama.
  NARCAPH'THON, Nascaph'than.  The bark
of an aromatic tree formerly brought from India.
By some,  supposed to  be that  of the tree which
affords the olibanum. It was used in fumigation,
in diseases of the lungs.
  NARCE,  Narcosis.
  NARCEMA, Narcosis.
  NARCESIS. Narcosis.
  NARC ISS E FAUX, Narcissus pseudo-narcis-
sus—71. des Pre8, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus—n.
Sauvat/e, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
  NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,   N.
festa'lia  seu glaucua seu grandifio'rua seu hia-
pan'icua  seu major  seu eerra'tua seu aylvea'tria,
Bulboco'dium, Paeudo-narciaaua, Daffodil, (F.)
Ararcisae aauvage, Narcisse des prla, Faux nar-
risse.  The  root is emetic and cathartic, in the
dose  of  Jij.   The  flowers  are  antispasmodic.
Dose, 24  grains.
  NARCODES, Narcotized.
6                 NARDUS

  NARCO'SIS,  Nar'cotism,  A'arce,  Narca,
Narce'ma,  Narce'aia, from vapxooi, ' I benumb.'
Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefac'tio.  Tho ag-
gregate effects produced by narcotic  substances.
At times, narcotism is confined to a state of more
or less profound stupor;  and constitutes, in cer-
tain cases, a useful remedial condition; at others,
it is a true poisoning, characterized by  vertigo,
nausea, a state of intoxication or apoplexy,  con-
stant  delirium, convulsive motions, Ac  Emetics
in strong doses, and not much diluted with wa-
ter ; purgatives  and glysters  are the first means
to be used in this  condition.  The stupor  may
afterwards  be combated by the use  of exciting
and stimulating drinks.
  Narcosis  Folliculo'rum.  A  state of  the
scalp, which  Mr. Erasmus Wilson conceives  to
be dependent upon  torpid action  of the hair fol-
licles, and in which the scalp and hair are found
covered with a yellowish, dirty-looking powder,
composed of  an admixture of granular particles
and furfuraceous scales.
  NARCOSPAS'MUS, from  vapicn, 'stupor,' and
anaapos,  'spasm.'  Stupor combined with spasm.
  NARCQf IA, Narcotine.
  NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison.
  NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison.
  NARCOT'ICS, Narcot'ica,  Carot'ica,  Obatu-
pefacien'tia,  Stupefacien'tia, Stupefdcienta, (F.)
Stupefactifa,  Stupiflanta.  Same  etymon.  Sub-
stances, which have the  property of stupefying;
— as  opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus, bella-
donna,  Ac.   They are  used  in  medicine as
soothing agents; exerting their special influence
on the  brain  and tubular matter of  the spinal
marrow.   In small  doses, as a general  rule,
narcotics stimulate; in  large, they act as seda-
tives.  The following is a list of the chief narco-
tics :— Aconitum,  ^Etherea, Belladonna, Cam-
phora, Cannabis, Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulus,
Hyoscyamus, Lactucarium, Opium and Morphia,
Stramonii Folia, Stramonii Semina, Mental Nar-
cotics, (Appropriate Music, Monotonous  sounds,
or any succession of monotonous impressions.)
  NAR'COTINE, Narcotina, Narcot'ia, Narco-
tin, Anarcotlna, Opia'num ;  same etymon ;  (F.)
Sel de  Deroane, Opiane, Sel d'opium, Principe
crystallizable de Derdsne.  A solid, white, inodo-
rous,  and insipid substance;  by some considered
to be alkaloid; by others neuter;  crystallizable
in straight prisms with a rhomboidal  base; fusi-
ble like  the fats; soluble in boiling alcohol and
ether, and  scarcely soluble in water.   Narcotine
produces all the unpleasant effects of opium;  but,
at the same time, throws the animal into a state
of stupor.  It is not used in medicine, on account
of these objections.  The salts, which are very
bitter, have been used successfully in India for
the cure of intermittents.
   NARCOTISM, Narcosis.
   NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidua, Narco'dea.  Af-
fected with stupor,  as from the use of a narcotic.
   NARD,  CELTIC, Valeriana  Celtica — n. In-
dica,  Nardus Indica—n.  Indien, Nardus Indica—
n. Indique, Nardus  Indica—n. Petit, Aralia nudi-
caulis—n. Sttuvage, Asarum.
   NARDUM  GALLICUM, Valeriana Celtica.
   NARDUS AMERICANUS,  Aralia nudicaulis
—n. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica—n. Montana, Asa-
rum.
   Nardus In'dica, Spica nardi,  Spica  In'dica,
Andropo'gon  nardus  seu  citrioclo'rus,  Indian
nurd, Spikenard.   The root of this plant is  one
of the ingredients in the mithridate and theriaea.
It is  moderately warm  and  pungent, and has  a
flavour by no means disagreeable.  It is used by
the Orientals as a  sp'.ce : — (F.) Nard Indien, N.
Indique.  An ointment was formerly used, called
5* 
NARES
587
NASAL
 Ungual turn nardi'num. It was prepared of Nard,
 Malabathrum  leaves,  Oil of worms, Costus, Amo-
 mum, Myrrh, Ac, and was used as a detergent.
   -nardus Rustica, Asarum.
   NARES, Rhinee, Cav'itaa Ndrium, Cavum seu
 Lei vea  seu  Caver'na  ndrium, Naaua inter'nus,
 Mycie rea, Ndrium  ad'itua, Ochetedmata.   The
 nostrils, (F.) A'arines.  Two elliptical apertures,
 situate  beneath the  nose, and separated  from
 each  other  by the  cartilaginous s^itum seu co-
 lum na  nasi.   These  apertures are continually
 open, and give passage to the air we breathe, and
 to the mucous fluids secreted in the nasal fossae.
   Nares Interna, Nasal fossas.
   Nares  Posterior,  Narea poatre'ma, Extre'-
 ma nares,  Oa'tia postcrio'ra  seu Chodna nd-
 rium, Ad rium Ex'itua, (F.) Arrierea licirines, Ou-
 verturea poatirieurea dea foaaea  naaalea,  are the
 posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, which
 establish a communication between those cavities
 and the pharynx.  They are bounded, above, by
 the body  of the sphenoid bone;  below, by the
 palate bone, and the ba^e of the velum pendu-
 lum ;  and, on the outaide, by the internal ala of
 the pterygoid process.   They are separated from
 each  other by a septum, of which the vomer is
 the bony part.
   NARIFUSO'RIA,  from narea, 'the nostrils,'
 and fundere, fuaum, ' to pour.'  Medicine dropt
 into the nostrils.
   NARINES, Nares.
   NARIUM ADITUS, Nares—n. Siccitas, Myc-
 teroxerotes.
   NARTHECIA, Formulary, Myris.
   NARTIIECIUM, Formulary, Myris.
   NARTHEX, Formulary, Myris,  Splint —n.
 Asafcetida, see Asafcetida.
   NASA, Nacra, Nata.
   NASAL,   Naadlia,  from  nasus,   'the  nose.'
 That which relates to the nose.
   Nasal Artery.  This is the largest of the two
 branches in  which the ophthalmic artery termi-
 nates.  It issues from the orbit, above the tendon
 of the orbicularis palpebrarum, passes above the
 side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with
 the last  extremity of the facial.   Haller gave the
 name  nasal  to the  spheno-palatine.   He  also
 called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter-
 nal maxillary, Nasdles laterdlea.
   Nasal Bones, Oaaa nasi, Ossa nasa'lia, Ossic'-
 ula nasi, Ossa  maxilla superio'ris  quarta seu
 quinta seu sccun'da,  (F.)  Os nasaux, Os propres
 du nez.   These  bones are situate  beneath the
 nasal  notch  of the  os  frontis, and occupy the
 space  between  the nasal or angular processes of
 the superior  maxillary bone.    Their  shape is
 nearly quadrilateral.   They have an external or
 ci(faneoi(« surface, an internal or nasal, and  four
 margins.   Each is  articulated with  its fellow,
 with the os frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil-
 lary bones.   They ossify from a single point.
   Nasal Car'tilage,  Cartildgo  triangularis
 Nad.   A  cartilage  formed of  three  portions,
 which  unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distin-
 guished into  the cartilage of the septum, and the
 lateral cartilages.  This cartilage is continuous,
 above,  with the ossa nasi, and, inferiorly,  with
 membranous  fibro-cartilages, which form the sup-
 ple and movable part of the nostrils.   They are
 two in number—the  one before, the other behind.
   Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct — n. Eminence,
 Mesophryon.
   Nasal Fosses, Cavi  na'rium, A'ares inter'na.
 Two large,  anfractuous cavities, situate between
the orbits  below the  cranium, and  lined by
the pituitary  or Schneiderian membrane.  These
cavities have  no communication with each other;
but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones
 —the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary,
 Ac. — all communicate with them.  The  general
 cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon-
 giosa into  three  meatus or passages, which run
 from before backwards.  1. The  3Ieatus  narium
 supe'rior, placed  at the upper, inner, and back
 part  of the superior spongy bone. 2. The 3Iea-
 tus me'dius, situate between the superior and  in-
 ferior spongy bones;  and 3. The 3/eatua infe'-
 rior, situate  between  the inferior spongy bone
 and  the  bottom  of  the nose. *  The Schneide-
 rian membrane  receives the first pair of  nerves,
 and  various branches  from the fifth pair.  The
 arteries are furnished  by the branches of the  in-
 ternal maxillary, known under  the names  of
 spheno-palatine, infra-orbitar, superior alveolar,
 palatine, pterygo-palatine ;  by the supra-orbitar,
 and ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery,
 by the internal  carotid, superior labial, and dor-
 sales nasi.  Its  veins are little known, and gene-
 rally follow the course of the arteries. The lym-
 phatics are almost unknown.   The  nasal fossas
 are the seat of smell; they aid, also, in repiration
 and phonation.
   Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossas.
   Nasal Mucus, 3Iueua ndrium, Phlegma na'-
 rium craaaum, 3Iucor seu Pitultci seu Blenna seu
 Lympha muculen'ta na'rium, Apoim/x'ia, vulgarly
 called Snot, (F.) 3Iorve, is the mucus secreted  by
 the Schneiderian membrane.
   Nasal Nerve, Naao-palpebral (Ch.), ATaao-
 oculdria  (Sommering), Naso-cilidria.   One  of
 the three branches  of  the  ophthalmic nerve  of
 Willis.  It  enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis-
 sure,  passes along the inner paries of that cavity,
 and divides, opposite the internal and anterior
 orbitar foramen,  into two branches.   1. The in-
 ternal and poaterior, which passes into the Fora-
 men orbitarium internum anteriua,  enters the cra-
 nium beneath the dura mater, and passes into the
 nasal fossas, through an aperture at the side  of
 the Criata galli.   It afterwards divides into seve-
 ral filaments : one of them — the Naso-lobar,  of
 Chaussier — is very small, and descends  on the
 posterior surface of the os nasi, and  ramifies  on
 the integuments of the ala nasi.  A second ter-
 minates near the septum ; others  descend along
 the outer paries of the nasal fossas.  2. The other
 is external and anterior, and is called the external
 nasal nerve.  It is distributed to  the outside  of
 the orbit.   Before dividing,  the nasal  nerve com-
 municates  with the  ophthalmic  ganglion, and
 gives off two or  three ciliary nerves : the  Poste-
 rior  Nasal  Nerve.  Sommering has given this
 name to the nerves, which arise  from the inter-
 nal part of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
   Nasal  Notch, (F,)  Echancrure   nasale.   A
 semicircular notch,  situate  between the  nasal
 prominence  of the frontal bone, and  articulated
 with the nasal bones and the nasal processes  of
 the superior maxillary bones.
   Nasal Process, Maxillary bone, superior.
   Nasal  Prom'inence, (F.) Bosse  nasale.   A
 prominence,  situate  on the  median  line,  at the
 anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two
 superciliary arches.
   Nasal  Region, Re'gio nasa'lia.  The region
 of the nose.
   Nasal  Spines.  These are three  in number.
   1.  The Supe'rior naaal apine of the os frontis,
 occupying the middle of its  nasal notch, and ar-
 ticulated  before with  the  nasal bones,  behind
 with the ethmoid.  2.  The infe'rior and ante'rior
nasal  apine,  situate at the inferior part of the an-
terior opening of the nasal  fossas.  It is formed
by the two superior maxillary bones;  and 3. The
infe'rior and pbste'rior nasal spine, Epine guttu-
rule (Ch,), a process, formed ou the median Rue 
88                NAUCLEA
                  NASALE                  5f

by the two palate bones at  the posterior part of
the palatine  arch.
  NASALE, Errhine.
  NASALIS, Compressor naris.
  Nasa'lis  La'bii  Superio'ris.  A small mus-
cular slip, which runs up from the middle of the
orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose.  It
lies exactly  in the furrow, and is occasionally a
levator of the upper lip, or  a depressor of the tip
of the nose.
  NASAS, Nata.
  NAS AT US, Membrosus.
  NAS'CALE.   A kind of pessary, made of wool
or  cotton, which was  formerly introduced into
the vagina,  after being impregnated with oil,
ointment, or some other proper medicament.
  NASCAPHTHON, Narcarphthon.
  NAS DA,  Nata.
  NASI, see Oryza.
  NASITAS, Rhinophonia.
  NASITIS, Rhinitis—n. Postica, Angina nasalis.
  NASO, Nasu'tus, from nasus, ' the nose.'  One
who has a long nose.
  NASOCILIARIS (Nervus), Nasal nerve.
  NASO-LA'BIAL, Naso-labialis;  from nasus,
' the nose,' and labium, ' a lip.'  Relating to the
nose and lip. »
  Naso-Labial Line.  A line or furrow, which
separates  the lip from the cheek, and commences
at the ala nasi.
  NASO-LABIA'LIS.   A  muscular fasciculus
described by Albinus, which arises from the an-
terior extremity of  the  septum  nasi, and termi-
nates in the  orbicularis oris.
  NASO-PAL'ATINE,  Naso-palati'nus.    That
which belongs to the nose and velum palati.
  Naso-Palatine  Ganglion is situate in the
foramen  palatinum anterius.  Its greater extre-
mity  receives the two  naso-palatine branches;
whilst the smaller gives off  two or three  fila-
ments, which  reach the palatine vault, where
they ramify  on the membrane of the same name,
anastomosing with filaments of the great palatine
nerve.
  Naso-Palatine Nerve  is furnished  by the
spheno-palatine, which proceeds from the  gan-
glion of  Meckel.  It traverses the vault of the
nasal fossas, and  proceeds upon the  septum be-
tween the two layers of the pituitary membrane.
It enters  the anterior palatine canal, and termi-
nates at the  superior angles of the naso-palatine
ganglion,  without attaining the mouth.
  NASO-PALPEBRAL,  Orbicularis palpebra-
rum.
  NASTA, Nata.
  NASTURTIUM  AMPHIBIUM,  see  Sisym-
brium— n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si-
symbrium nasturtium—n. Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi
bursa—n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum—n. Indi-
cum,  Tropasolum majus—n. Officinale, Sisymbri-
um nasturtium—n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium—n.
Peruvianum, Tropasolum  majus — n. Pratense,
Cardamine pratensis—n. Sativum, Lepidium sa-
tivum.
  NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidalis nasi.
  NASUS, The  Nose,  Rhin,  Rhis, Or'ganon ol-
faetus seu odora'tus seu olfacto'rium, Promonto'-
riuni  faciei, 3Iyxo'ter, Emuncto'rium  cer'ebri,
Snout, (F.) Nez.  The nose is a pyramidal  emi-
nence, situate above the anterior apertures of the
nasal fossa?,  which it covers;  and, consequently,
occupying the middle and upper part of the face,
between  the forehead  and  upper lip, the  orbits
and the  cheeks.  Its lateral  surfaces form,  by
uniting angularly, a more or less prominent line,
called Dorsum  seu Rhachie  seu Spina Naai, (F.)
Doa du nez.   This line terminates, anteriorly,
by the b.be.—'Lcb'iilua.  Tho sides arc called Alte
AJasi, Pinna  Naris, (F.) Ailea du nez.  The co-
lumna is the  inferior part of  the partition.  Ita
apex or tip has been called Glob'ulus nasi.
  The chief varieties of the nose are the aq'uiline,
the flat nose,  (F.) Nez camarot ou ipate, and the
g7ii(6 nose, (F.) Nez retrousai. The nose is formed,
besides its bones, of fibre-cartilage, cartilage, mus-
cles, vessels, and nerves; and its use seems to be to
direct odours  to the upper part of the nasal fossas.
  Nasus Internus, Nares.
  NASUTUS, Naso.
  NATA, Natta, Nasa,  Nasda, Nasta, Nasas,
Napta.   A fleshy, indolent excrescence, having
the shape of the nates.  .
  NATARON, Natron.
  NATA'TION, Natdtio, from natare, itself from
nare, ' to swim.'   Swimming.   The  action of
swimming, or of supporting one's self, or moving
upon the water.  Swimming resembles the hori-
zontal leap in its physiology—the medium being
water instead of air.  The difference between the
specific gravity of the  human body and that of
water is not great; so that but  little exertion is
required to keep a part of the body above water.
Swimming is  a healthy gymnastic exercise, com-
bining  the advantages of bathing.
  NATES, Ephed'rana, Nalula, Sca'phia, Chines,
Glutoi, Gluti,  Glu'tia, Sedllia, Pyge, 31ona,  the
Bottom, Backside, Poate'riora, Buttocks, Ac, (F.)
Fesses.   Two  round projections, at the inferior
and posterior part of the trunk, on which we sit.
Amongst the  mammalia, man  alone has the nates
prominent  and round.   They are formed chiefly
by the  skin, and a thick layer of areolar tissue,
which covers  the three  glutasi muscles.
  Nates Cerebri, see Quadrigemina  corpora —
n. et Testes, Quadrigemina corpora.
  NATRIUM, Sodium.
  NATROCRENtE, Natropegae.
  NATRON,   Natrum,  Nat'aron,  Nitrum,  Ana-
trum, Aphronitrum, from Natron, a lake in Judasa.
A saline compound, very abundant  in Egypt,
which is almost wholly formed of subcarbonate
of soda.
  NATRONIUM, Sodium.
  NATROPE'G^E,  Natrocre'na,  from  Natron,
and nnyn, ' a  spring.'  Soda springs.
  NATRUM,  Natron — n. Chloratum liquidum,
Liquor sodas  chlorinatae — n. Muriaticum,  Soda,
muriate of—n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of—n.
Praeparatum,  Soda, subcarbonate of—n. Tartari-
zatum,  Soda,  tartrate of—n.  Vitriolatum,  Soda,
sulphate of—n. Nitricum, Soda, nitrate of—n.
Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride  of—n. Oxyphos-
phorodes, Soda, phosphate of — n. Sulphuricum,
Soda, sulphate of.
  NATTA, Nata.
  NATULiE, Nates.
  NATU'RA, from nasci, 'to be born or arise.'
Physis.   Nature.  Also, genital organs.
  Natu'ra Morbi.  The essence or condition of
a disease.
  NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs.
  NATURALIA, Genital organs.
  NA'TURISM, Nat'uralism.   A  view which
attributes every thing  to  nature, as a sage, pre-
scient,  and sanative entity. — Nysten.  See Ex-
pectation.
  NA'TURIST.  A physician who scrupulously
investigates,  interprets, and follows the indica-
tions presented by nature in the  treatment of
disease.
  NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'ria gambir.  A
plant of the  family and tribe Cinchonaceac,  a
native  of the  Malayan Peninsula and Indian Ar-
chipelago,  which yields  large  quantities of the
kind of Catechu known by the  names Terra Jo- 
NAUSEA
&99
NEEDLE
pod ica and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian
commerce, is called Gainbeer.  It is a  powerful
astringent, much used  in tanning, and in medi-
c'w<\ as a substitute for the Catechu of the Acacia.
  NAM'S L V,   A'au'xia, Xanai'aais, Nausio'aia,
Aatt'tto,  Qucasinese, Sqiteasiitcss,  (F.)  Nawfe,
Ende de vomir;  from vavs, navis.  ' a ship;' be-
cause  those unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so af-
fected.  Sickness.  Inclination to vomit.
 ^ Nausea,Kreat'ic, (n-ptas, xpearos, 'flesh.') The
sickness and vomiting, excited, in  some nervous
patients, by the smallest portion of animal  food.
  Nausea Mari'na, 3I»rbii» nail ticua, Vom'itus
iiaiitptn'tium seu mari'nus, Seaxickness, (F.) 3Ial
de mer. The sickness, vomiting, Ac, experienced
at sea by those unaccustomed to a sea-life; and
from which  those  who are  accustomed are not
always exempt.   It  generally  ceases when the
person becomes  habituated  to the motion  of the
vessel, and not till then.
   NAU'SEANT, A'au'seana.   An agent that ex-
cites nausea, which is a state of diminished action.
Nauseants  are, hence,  valuable remedies in dis-
eases of excitement.
   NAUSIA, Nausea.
   N A US I AS IS, Nausea.
   NAUSIO'SIS.  This word, besides  being sy-
nonymous with nausea, has been used to express
 the state of venous  hemorrhage, when blood  is
 discharged by jets.
   NAUTIA. Nausea.
   NAVEL, Umbilicus—n. String, Funiculus um-
bilicalis—n. Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus—n. Wort,
Venus's,  Cotyledon umbilicus.
   AM VET, Brassica rapa.
   NA VETTE, Brassica rapa,
   NA VIC'U LA R, Avr ricula'r ia,Nav if or' mia, from
naricula, 'a little ship.'
   Navic'ular  Fossa,  Foaaa  A'avicula'ria,  F.
Senpho'ldes, Navic'ula, Scaph'ula.  See Scaphoid.
This name has been given, 1. To a small depres-
sion between the entrance of the vagina and the
posterior commissure of the labia major or four-
chette.  2. To a  perceptible dilatation, presented
by  the urethra  in  man, near the base of the
glans.   8.  To the superficial  depression  which
separates the two roots of the helix. This is also
 called Scapha.
  ' NAVICULARE OS, Scaphoides os.
   NAVIFORMIS, Navicular.
   NAVIS, Vulva.
   NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
   NEB'ULA,  Nubes, Nubec'ula, Nephos, Neph'-
ele,  Nephe'lion, (F.) Nnage, Ombrage.  A  slight
speck on the cornea.  A mist or cloud suspended
in the urine.   See  Calico.
   NEBULOUS.  Nephcloid.
   NECESSARY, A'ccessa'rius, (ne, and ceasare.)
The A'ccissariea  of Life, Vita neceaaita'tea, (F.)
Beaoina de  la vie,  include  every thing requisite
for the maintenance of life, and particularly food.
   NECK,  DERBYSHIRE,  Bronchocele — n.
Swelled,  Bronchocele — n.  Stiff, Torticollis — n.
Wrv.  Torticollis.
   NECKLACE.  AN'ODYNE.  These are formed
of the roots of hyoscyamus, Job's tears, allspice
steeped in brandy, or the seeds of the wild  liquo-
rice  vine, to suit  the fancy of the prescriber.
They  are employed to facilitate dentition in chil-
dren, and to procure sleep in fever.(!)
   NECKWEED, Veronica beccabunga, V. pere-
grina. ,
   NECR.F/MTA, from vtxpos,  'death,' and  'atua,
'blood.'  Death  of the blood.   Death beginning
with the blood.
   NECREXCEPHALUS, Mollities cerebri.
  NECROCEDIA, Embalming.
  NECRODES, Cadaverous.
  NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of.
  NECROMANCY, Necromanti'a,Acgromanti'a,
Necyomantla, Nigromanti'a, from viKpos, ' death,'
and pavrtia, 'divination.' Divination I>\ ^he dead.
  NECROMANTIA, Necromancy?           ,
  NECRON,  Cadaver.
  NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis.
  NECROPHOBTA,  from vtupos, 'death,'  and
tpo(ios, ' fear.'   Exaggerated fear of death.  This
symptom occurs in patients where the disease is
not mortal; as in hypochondriasis.  In fevers, it
is not a good symptom.
  NECROPNEUMO'NIA,  PTieiiiiio'nm gangra-
no'aa seu typho'aa,  Gangra'na  seu  3Iortifi.cdtio
seu Anthrax seu Carbun'culue Pulmo'num, Pneu-
moaep'aia, Pneumoc'ace, (F.)  Gangrene du Pou-
mon; from vtxpos, ' death,' and pneumonia.  Gan-
grenous inflammation of the lungs.  This may be
diffused  or circumacribed.  The only pathogno-
monic symptom is  the  extraordinary and repul-
sive odour of the breath and expectoration.  The
treatment consists in the use of the chlorides in-
ternally, or of chlorine by inhalation ; allaying
irritation by opium, and supporting the patient
by wine-whey, and nourishing diet.
  NECROPSIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECRO'SIS, from  vtitpow, ' I kill.'  Mortifica-
tion. State of a bone or of a portion of a bone
deprived of life.  Osteogamjra'na, (htconecro'sis.
Necrosis may take place without the surrounding
soft  parts being  struck with  gangrene.  It is to
the  bones what gangrene  is to the  soft parts.
The part of  the bone affected  with  necrosis be-
comes a foreign body, similar to the gangrenous
eschar, and  its separation must be accomplished
by the efforts of nature, or by art. When necro-
sis  occurs in the centre of long bones, it never
extends to their articular extremities. The exte-
rior  layers of bone form a canal round the dead
portion or sequestrum;  between these  swollen
layers and  the  sequestrum, suppuration  takes
place; the matter presses against the bony canal;
perforates  it, and  is discharged by apertures,
which become fistulous.
  In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum
must be facilitated by  proper  incisions,  by the
application of the trepan to the bone,  Ac.
  Necrosis  Cerealis, Ergotism — n. Dentium,
Dental gangrene — n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism.
  NECROTOMY, Dissection.
  NECTANDRA RODIEI, see Bebeeru.
  NECTAR, from  vn,  'a particle of negation,'
and  KraiD,  'to  kill.'  A pleasant liquor, feigned
by the poets  to have been the drink of the gods,
and  to have rendered immortal those who partook
of it.  A name given, by the ancients, to many
drinks ;  and  particularly to one  made with wine,
evaporated, and sweetened with honey.
  NECTARIUM, Inula helenium.
  NEC US IA, see Wound.
  NECYOMANTLA,  Necromancy.
  NEDYIA, Intestines.
  NEDYS, vv&vs.  The belly, abdomen, stomach,
uterus.
  NEEDLE, Sax. nebl, nas&l, from Teut. neten,
'to sew.' Acne, Belone, Raphis, Raph'ion, Aces'-
tra,  (F.) Aiguille.  A steel  instrument, used in
many professions.  In Surgery, a steel, gold,  sil-
ver,  or platina instrument, that may be round, flat,
or triangular, straight,  or  curved, supported or
not  by a handle, but having always a point, by
means of which  it penetrates the textures; and
often having, either near the point, or, more com-
monly, qear the other extremity, an  aperture or
eye  for the reception  of a thread or tape, whioh 
NEEDLE
590
NEPENTHES
It introduces int■> the parts.  The Aiguille d ap-
pareil of the French is the ordinary sewing nee-
dle  used in 'the making of bandages, Ac.
  Needle, Acupuncture, (F.) Aiguille d Acu-
puncture,   Ait inflexible gold or silver needle;
conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished
with  a  handle,  and,  at  times, with a canula
shorter than it by about half an inch.  An ordi-
nary needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a
substitute for this.  See Acupuncture.
  Needle,  Cataract,  Acus ophthal'mica,  (F.)
Aiguille d cataracte. Needles of gold, silver, and
steel  have been used; the latter, aione, at the
present day.  The  cataract  needle is employed
to depress or tear  the  crystalline when opake.
This  needle is usually made from 15 to 24 lines
long; and is attached to a fine handle.   The ex-
tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's,
pointed,  prismatic,  triangular, and curved; in
Dupuytren's and  Walther's,  flat, curved,  and
sharp-edged;  in Hey's, flat, with a semicircular
and  sharp  end;  or,  as in  Beer's, Siebold's,
Schmidt's, Himly's, Von Gr'afe's, Ac, straight
and spear-pointed.  A mark is generally placed
upon the handle to inform the operator,—when
the instrument is engaged in the eye,—what side
corresponds to the crystalline.
  Needle for a Counter-Opening, Acu8 invagi-
na'ta, (F.) Aiguille d Contre-ouverture,  Aiguille
engainie, Aiguille d gaine, — a long, narrow in-
strument of steel; the point of which is fine and
sharp on both sides;—the heel (talon) having an
aperture to receive a thread, tape, Ac, provided
with  a flat, silver sheath, shorter  than the blade,
the point of which it covers when passing through
parts that have to be respected.
  Needle,  Deschamp's, Paupe's needle, (F.) Ai-
guille de Deschamps, Aiguille  d manche, Ac, .is
the last described needle, fixed to a handle.  The
eye is placed near the poiut.  It is employed in
the ligature of deep-seated arteries.
  Needle,  Fis'tula, (F.) Aiguille d Fistule.  A
long, flat, flexible, silver instrument; having an
aperture near one extremity; blunt at the other.
This  was  formerly used for  passing a seton into
fistulous ulcers.  On one of its  sides was  a groove
for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity.
  Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by  a
point like that  of  a  trocar, which Desault em-
ployed for penetrating the rectum, when operating
for fistula that had  no internal aperture.
  Needle, Hare-Lip, (F.) Aiguille  A Bee de
Lievre.  A  small, silver canula,  to which is at-
tached  a spear-point, that can be readily with-
drawn.   This needle, armed with the  point, is
introduced  at one  side of the fissure in the lip,
and through  the other.  The  twisted suture is
then  applied, and the pin withdrawn.
  Needle, Lig'ature, (F.) Aiguille & ligature.
A long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex-
tremity, with an eye near the other, which was
formerly used for suspending the circulation of
blood prior to amputation, by being passed through
the liinb,,so as to include the principal artery and
a part of the muscles and integuments.
  Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions,
round towards one of its  extremities, which was
straight, and furnished  with an aperture; curved
and fiat towards the opposite, which was pointed,
and had a slight ridge on its concave side. At
the commencement of  the last century, this in-
strument was used to pass  ligatures around ves-
sels.
   Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions,
flat, regularly curved in the form of a semicircle,
with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used
 with advantage in place of the last.
  Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d Seton.  A long,
narrow, steel blade; pointed  and  sharp at  one
extremity; pierced at  the other by an aperture.
The Aiguille ti contre-ouverture may be used for
the same purpose.
  Needle, Suture, (F.) Aiguille d Suture.  For
the twisted suture, the hare-lip  needle  is used;
for the others, the  straight, or curved needle: the
straight needle is  preferable for stitching up the
abdomen, Ac, in  dissection.   In the suture of
the tendons, a curved  needle has been used;  flat
on both  sides, and cutting only at the concave
edge, in order that the instrument  may  pass be-
tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them.
  NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-aiguille.
  NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille.
  NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit.)
  NEFLIER, Mespilus.
  NEFREN'DES.  properly,  'sucking  pigs.' —
Varro.  Nodoi, Eden'tuli (vn, privative, and oSovs,
' a tooth.')  Persons devoid of teeth. Young chil-
dren,  for instance, who  have not  cut them; or
aged persons, who have lost them.  This state is
called Nefrendis, Nodo'aia, Odon'tia eden'tula.
  NEGOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
  NEGRE BLANC,  Albino.
  NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens.
  NEGRO, Nlgrita.  One of the Ethiopian race.
See Homo and Mulatto.
  NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy.
  NEI.<E'RA, Nei'ra, Imua Venter.   The lower
part of the belly. — Hippocrates.
  NEIGE, Snow.
  NEIRA, Neiasra.
  NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM, Yellow ne'lumbo,
 Yellow water lily, Pond lily, Water ahield, Water
nuta, Water chin'capin, Rattle nut,  Sacred bean.
A beautiful water plant, common in the United
States, and belonging to Nat.  Ord. Nymphaceas;
Sex. Syst.  Polyandria Polygynia.   The leaves
are cooling and emollient when  applied to the
surface.  The roots, leaves, and nuts are eaten.
The  last are called by the Indians and others
water chincapina.
  NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum.
  NENDO, Angelica  lucida.
  NENNDORF,  MINERAL WATERS   OF.
Nenndorf is  a village  three and a half German
miles from Hanover.  Its cold sulphureous spring
is much  celebrated.
  NENUPHAR, Nymphasa alba —n. Blanc,
Nymphasa alba—n. Jaune, Nymphasa lutea—n.
Lutea, Nymphaea  lutea — n.  Odorant, Nymphaea
odorata.
  NEOARTHROSIS, from  vtos, 'new,'and  ap-
Qpov, 'ajoint.'   A new joint;  an artificial joint.
  NEOG'ALA, from vtos, 'new,' and yaXa, 'milk.'
 Milk  secreted immediately  after the colostrum.
 Also, the colostrum.
   NEOGENES, Nouveau-ni.
   NEOGILUS, Nouveau-ne.
   NEOGNUS, Nouveau-ne.
   NEONATUS, A7bii7jeau-ne'.
   NE'OPLASTY, Neoplae'tice:  from  vtos, 'new,'
 and irXaaoui, vXarrui, 'I form.' An operative pro-
 cess for the formation of new parts.  It includes
 autoplasty, cicatrization of wounds, and the for-
 mation of adhesions. — Burdach.
   NEOTTIA, Goodyera pubescens.
   NEP, Nepeta.
   NEPEN'THA DESTILLATO'RIA, Bandu'ra,
 A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is astringent.
   NEPEN'THES, from vn, negative particle, and
 irtvSos, ' grief.'  A remedy much extolled by the
 ancients against sadness and melancholy.
   The women of  Thebes, according to Diodorua 
NEPETA
591
NEPIIROPYIC
Siccliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com-
position ; and, according to Homer, Helen intro-
duced it from Egypt.   Some suppose it to have
been opium.
  Nepenthes, Bangue—n. Opiatum, Pilulae opi-
atae.
  NEP'ETA, N. Cata'ria seu vulga'ria Catdria
vulga'ris, Herba felia, Nep or Catmint, (F.) Herbe
aux Ckata,—so called, because cats are fond of it.
Tho leaves, Cutdria (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and
taste like those of an admixture of spearmint and
pennyroyal.   It has been recommended in ute-
rine disorders,  dyspepsia, flatulency,  Ac, like
pennyroyal;  and is much used in domestic medi-
oine, on the  American  continent, in flatulencies,
Ac, of  children.
  Nepeta Agrestis,  Melissa nepeta — n. Gle-
choma, Glechoma hederacea — n. Vulgaris, Ne-
peta.
  NEPHALIOTES, Temperance.
  NEPIIELE, Enasorema, Nebula.
  NEPHELION, Nebula.
  NEPH'ELOID, Nepheldldea, Nephelo'dea,
Neb'uloua, Nubilo'aua.   An  epithet  applied  to
urine when it is cloudy— Uri'na nephelo'dea.
  NEPHOS, Nebula.
  NEPHRALGIA, Dolor Nephret''icua, Neural-
gia Renum, (F.) Nevralgie dea Reina, Dyaniphro-
nervie,  from vttppos, 'a kidney,' and aXyos, 'pain.'
Pain and neuralgia in the kidney.
  Nephralgia Arenosa, see Gravel — n. Calcu-
losn, see Gravel — n. Rheumatica, Lumbago.
  NEPHRAPOS'TASIS, Nephropyo'aia, Abacea'-
aua rendlia, from vttppos,.'kidney,' and aitoaraots,
' abscess.'  Renal abscess.
  NEPHRATONTA, from  vt^poy,'kidney,'and
arovia,  ' want of tone.'   Renum aton'ia seu p>a-
ralyai8.  Atony of the  kidney.
  NEPHRELCO'SIS,  Nephropyo'aia,  Helco'aia
rena'Ua, from vttppos, ' kidney,' and 'cXkuiois, ' ul-
ceration.'  Ulceration of the kidney.
  NEPHRELMIN'TIC, Nephrelmin'ticua,  from
vttppos,  'a  kidney,' and  'cXptvs, 'a worm.'   That
which is owing to the  presence of worms in the
kidney.
  NEPHREMPHRAX'IS, from vttppos, 'a kid-
ney,' and tpuppaootii, ' I obstruct.'  A name  given
by  Ploucquet to obstruction of the kidneys.
  NEPHRETTC, Nephrid'iua, Nephrilic, Ne-
ph.rit'icua,  from vttppos,  ' a kidney.'  That which
relates  to  the kidney.  Applied, especially,  to
pain, Ac, seated in the  kidney.
  NEPHRET'ICUM, in Materia 3Iedica, means
a medicine employed for the cure of diseases  of
the kidney.
  Nephreticum Lignum, Guilandina moringa.
  NEPHRETTCUS LAPIS,  Talcum  nephril-
icum, (F.)  Pierre nephretique, Jade niphrite  ou
oriental.  A  green,  fatty kind of stone, — once
used as an amulet  against  epilepsy; an absurd
name, as there can be no such remedy.
  NEPHRIDTON,  Pingue'do rena'Ua.  The fat
which surrounds the kidneys. — Hippocrates.
  NEPHRIDIUM,  Capsule,  renal.
  NEPHRIDIUS, Nephretic
  NEPHRITE, Nephritis—n. Albumineuae, Kid-
ney, Bright's disease of  the.
  NEPHRITES, Asphaltites.
  NEPHRITIC, Nephretic.
  NEPHRITICUM LIGNUM, Guilandina too-
ringa.
  NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites,
  Nephritis, Emprea'ma A'ephritia, from  vttppos,
'kidney,' and itia, 'denoting inflammation;' Re-
num inflamma'tio, Nephro-phleg'mone, — Inflam-
mation of the Kidney, (F.) Nephrite, Inflammation
dea Reina, is characterized by acute pain ; burn-
ing heat, and a sensation of weight in the region
of one or both kidneys; suppression or diminu-
tion  of urine; fever; dysuria;  ischuria; consti-
pation, more  or less  obstinate;  retraction of tho
testicle, and numbness of the thigh of the  same
side.  It may be distinguished into aimple and
calculoua nephritia.  In the latter, the urine  often
contains small particles of urie acid or of  urate
of ammonia.  The most common  causes of ne-
phritis are, — excess  in irritating  and alcoholic
drinks; abuse of diuretics; blows or falls on the
region of the kidneys; the presence  of renal cal-
culi, Ac.  It may be distinguished  from lumbago
by the pain  which  attends  the latter  on the
slightest motion, Ac.  It usually terminates by
resolution in from one week to two or three.   It
may, however, end in suppuration—pyonephrite;
or may become chronic—chrononephrite, (Piorry.)
In the treatment, antiphlogistics,  as  bleeding,
baths, Ac, are required to  the  full extent; with
the use of diluents, opiates, Ac
   Nephritis  Albuminensis,  Kidney,  Bright's
disease of the — n. Albuminosa, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the — n. Associated,  Kidney, Bright's
disease of the — n.  Cachectic,  Kidney, Bright's
disease of the — n. Sociata, Kidney, Bright's dis-
ease of the.
   NEPIIRODES, Nephroid.
   NEPHRODIUM  FILIX MAS,  Polypodium
filix mas.
   NEPHROGRAPHY,  from vttppos, ' a kidney,'
and ypatpn,  'a description.'  An anatomical de-
scription of the kidney.
   NEPHROILE'MIA, from vttppos, 'kidney,'and
'aipa, 'blood.'  Hyperasmia or congestion of the
kidney.
   NEPH'ROID, Nephroi'dea, Nephro'dea, Reni-
form'ia,  from vtippos, 'kidney,'  and  tiSos, 'form,
resemblance.' Reniform.  Having a  resemblance
to a kidney — as  'nephroid cancer,' so called be-
cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in
structure.
   NEPHROLITHI'ASIS,  from vttppos, 'a kid-
ney,' and Ai0of, 'a stone.' The disease of calculus
in the kidney; Lith'ia rena'Ua, Lithi'aais nephrit'-
ica,  L. Rena'Ua.  See Gravel.
   NEPHROLITHS, same etymon.  Belonging
to calculi in  the kidneys.  This epithet has been
applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed
in the kidneys.
   NEPHROL'OGY,  Nephrolog'Ha,  from vttppos,
'kidney,' and Xoyos, 'a treatise.'   A treatise on
the kidneys.  Dissertation on  the kidneys and
their functions.
   NEPHROMALA'CIA, from  vttppos,  'kidney,
and  paXaKta, 'softness.'  Softening  of the kidney.
   NEPHROMETR.E, Psoas.
   NEPHRON'CUS, Tumor rena'Ua,  from vttppos,
'kidney,' and oynos,  'a tumour.'  A  tumefaction
of the kidney.
   NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, Nephro-phlegmal -
icua, from vttppos,  'kidney,'and tpXty/ia, 'phlegm.'
A name given, by some authors, to ischuria pro-
duced by mucus contained in the urine.
   NEPHROPHLEGMONE, Nephritis.
   NEPHROPHTHISIS, from vttppos, 'kidney,*
and  tpQiais, 'consumption.'  Phthisis from suppu-
ration of the kidney.
   NEPHROPLETHOR'IC, Nephro-plethor'icua,
from vtippos, ' a kidne}-,' and vXnSuipa, ' plethora.'
Belonging to plethora of the kidneys.  An epi-
thet given to ischuria dependent upon this cause.
   NEPHROPY'IC, Nephro-py'iciia,  from vttppos,
' a kidney,' and irvov, < pus.'  Belonging to sup-.
puration of the kidney. 
               NEPHROPYOSIS             5

   NEPnROPYOSIS, Nephrapostasis, Nephrel-
 posis.
   NEPHRORRHAG"IA, Hamatu'ria  rena'Ua,
 Hamorrhag"ia renum, from vttppos, 'kidney,' and
 payn, 'rupture;' Profiu'vium aan'guinia e re'nibua.
 Hemorrhage from the kidney.
   NEPHROS, Kidney.
   NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from  vttppos,  'kidney,'
 and anXnpta, 'hardness;'  Indura'tio renum.   In-
 duration of the kidneys.
   NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  Nephroapas'ticua,  from
 vttppos,  ' a kidney,' and  oiraw,  ' I draw.'  That
 which  depends upon spasm of the kidney.   An
 epithet given to a variety of ischuria.
   NEPHROTHROM'BOID, Nephro-thrombol-
 dea, from vttppos, 'a kidney,' and 5po///3os,'a clot.'
 That which depends upon clots of blood,  con-
 tained in the kidneys or their ducts.   An epithet
 for a species of ischuria.
   NEPHROTOMY", Nephro-lithot'omy, Nephro-
 tom'ia, Nephro-lithotom'ia,  Sectio rena'Ua, S. re-
 nia, from vttppos, ' a kidney,' and repvtiv, ' to  cut.'
 Dissection of the kidney.  Also, an operation pro-
 posed with the view of extracting calculi formed
 in the  kidney, by means of an  incision into the
 tissue of that organ.
   NEPHRUS,- Kidney.
   NEPIOS, Infans.
   NEPIOTES, Infancy.
   NEPTA, Asphaltum.
   NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium.
   NERF, Nerve—n. Circonfiexe, Axillary nerve
 —n. Dentaire, Dental nerve — n. Feaaier, Gluteal
 nerve — n.  Gloaao-pharyngien,  Pharyngo-glossal
 nerve —71.  Guatatif, see Lingual nerve — n.  Gu8-
 tatif innomine, Trigemini —». Guttural, Palatine
 (middle) nerve — n.  Gutturo-palatin,  Palatine
 nerve—n. Honteux, Pudic nerve—n. Irien, Ciliary
 nerve—n. lachio-clitorien, Pudic nerve—n. Iachio-
 pinien, Pudic nerve—n. Labyrinthique, Auditory
 nerve—n. 3Ientonnier,  Mental nerve — n. 3Ioteur
 oculaire externe, Motor oculi externus—n.  Oculo-
 muaculaire  externe,  Motor oculi  externus — n.
 Oculo-musculaire interne, Patheticus  nervus —
 n. Pathetique, Patheticus nervus — n. Pironiere
 ■branche, Popliteal nerye, external—n. Pharyngo-
 gloaaien,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve — n. Premiere
 pairc trachilieiinc, Occipital nerve — n. Vertibro-
 digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n. Pretibio-
 digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n.  Pritibio
 ausplantaire, Tibial nerve,  anterior—n. Radio-
 digital, Radial nerve—». Sciatique grand, Sciatic
 nerve,  great—n. Sciatique petit,  Sciatic  nerve,
 lesser — n.  Sciatique poplite externe, Musculo-
 cutaneous  nerve — n.  Sous - occipital, Occipital
 nerve—n. Sous-pubio-fimoral, Obturator nerve—
 n. Spino-cranio-trapizien, Spinal nerve — n.  Sua-
 maxillaire, Maxillary superior nerve — n. <SW/>u-
 bien, Supra-pubian nerve — n.  Tibiale branche,
 Popliteal internal—n.  Tracheal, Laryngeal  infe-
 rior nerve— n. Trachelo-doraal, Spinal nerve —
 n. Trijumeau, Trigemini—n. d Troia cordes, Tri-
 gemini— n. Tympaniqiie, Chorda tympani.
   NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves
 — n. Ciliaires, Ciliary  nerves—n. 3Ioteurs  ocu-
 lairea communa,  Motores oculorura—n. Sacrie,
 Sacral nerves—n. Soua-co8talo8, Intercostal nerves.
-  NERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Neris is
 on the high road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty
 leagues from Paris.  There are four springs, the
 water of which is clear, inodorous, tasteless, and
 has an unctuous feel.   It contains carbonic  acid
 gas,  carbonate of soda,  and sulphate  of  soda,
 chloride of sodium, silex  and an animal matter to
 which its ' oleaginous' property is probably owing.
 The  waters are  generally  used in the form of
 thermal baths.
2                  NERVE

  NERIUM, N. oleander.
  Ne'rium Antidysinter'icum, Wright'ia anti-
dyaenter'ica.  The tree which uffords the Codaga'-
pala  Bark, Conea'ai cortex, Tillicher'ry cortex,
Cortex proflu'vii.  Family, Apocynea'. Sex. Syat.
Pentandria Monogynia. (F.)Codagapale,Cropale.
The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour,
externally, and is generally covered with a white
moss or scurf.  It has an austere, bitter taste, and
has been recommended as an astringent in diarr-
hoea, dysentery, Ac.
  Ne'rium Olean'der, Ne'rium, Rhododaph'niat
Roadgo, (F.) Laurier roae.  The  leaves are re-
puted to be narcotic.  The infusion is employed
internally, in herpetic affections, and the powder,
incorporated with lard, is used in the itch.
  NERONIA'NA (PHLEBOTOMTA.)  An epi-
thet given, for some cause, to phlebotomy, when
more than one vein was opened on the same day.
  NERPR UN P URGA TIF, Rhamnus.
  NERVE, Nervua, Neuron, vtvpov,  ' a string.'
(F.) Nerf. Neuron and Nervua meant also, with
the ancients,  the tendons and ligaments, Partea
nervo'aa ; and hence the different acceptations of
' nervous ;' — a man of nerve — a strong, nervoua
man; and a weak,  nervoua woman.  The nerves
are tubular cords of the same substance as that
which  composes the encephalon and spinal mar-
row.  They extend from one or other of the ner-
vous centres to every part  of the  body, commu-
nicating,  frequently, with  each other;  forming
plexuae8, and, occasionally, ganglions; and being,
at length, lost  in  the parenchyma of organs.
There are 42 pairs, and* according to their origin,
they are termed Cranial or Encephalic, and Spi-
nal.  Each nerve is composed of several filaments
or cords placed alongside each other, and is sur-
rounded  by  a  neurilemma.   The  encephalic
nerves, in general, have  only one root in the
brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by
two roots: the one  from an anterior fasciculus of
filaments, the other from a  posterior, separated
from each other by the Ligamentum denticulatum;
uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near
the intervertebral  foramen, a ganglion formed
only by the posterior root.   The two roots make,
afterwards, but one nerve;  and, like the encepha-
lic  nerves, proceed to their  destination, subdi-
viding into rami and ramusculi, until they are
finally lost in in the texture of the organs.  The
trunks  first formed are commonly round, and
proceed  alone,  or accompany the great vessels,
being placed in the areolar spaces which separate
the organs, and are thus protected from injury.
Their manner of termination we are not acquainted
with; whether  the  nervous pulp, for instance, be
distributed or lost in a membrane, as seems to be
the case with the  nerves  of sight, hearing, and
smell, — or are looped.  Certain it is, that there
is  considerable  difference  in the  organs, as re-
spects  the quantity of nerves that terminate  in
them ;  and the particular arrangement of the ner-
vous extremities.   Some organs have numerous
nerves ; others seem to have none : a circumstance
which  influences considerably the sensibility of
parts.
  The Encephalic  Nervea  arise from the ence-
phalon, or are inserted into it; (according  as we
consider the brain the origin or termination of the
nerves;) and make their exit by foramina at the
base of the skull.   They are 12 in number.  The
spinal  nerves are 30 in number, 8 cervical,  12
doraal, 5 lumbar, and 5 or  6 aacral: the four in-
ferior cervical being much  larger than the supe-
rior, because they furnish the nerves of the upper
extremities. 
NERVES                   593                   NERVES
     SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF  THE  NERVES.
Olfactory ..,
  (1st pair.)
I.  Cranial or Encephalic Nervea.
                  6.  Abducentes  .. ■
                      (6th pair.)
Optic......
  (2d pair.)
Divided into internal,  exter-
  nal,  and  middle  branches.
  which are distributed on the
  Schneiderian membrane.

Terminate in the retina.
Motorca Oculorum
  (3d pair.)
                   Superior Branch. To the rectus
                     euperior oculi and levator
                     palpebra! superioris.
                   Inferior Branch. To the rectus
                     internus. nctus inferior and
                     lesser oblique  muscles;  a
                     filament which goes to the
                     ophthalmic ganglion.
Pathetici.........I To the greater oblique muscle
  (4th pair.)       )   of the eye.
                  'Ophthalmic Branch.   Divided
                     into three  branches'.  1. The
                     lachrymal  branch, to the la-
                     chrymal gland  and  upper
                     eye-lid.  2.  Frontal branch.
                     to the  forehead and  upper
                     eyelid.   3. Nasal branch, to
                     the eyelids, nasal fossie, and
                     nose.
                   Superior  Maxillary   Branch.
                     1. The orbit a r branch, to the
                     orbit. 2. The posterior and
                     superior dental,  to  the last
                     three molar teeth and gums.
                     3.  The  anterior dental,  to
                     the incisor, canine, and two
                     lesser molares.   4. Infra-
                     orbitar,  to  the  upper  lip
                     cheek, and nose.
                   Inferior Maxillary Branoh.  1.
                     Temporal profound branches,
                     to  the temporal  muscle.  2.
                     Masseterine  branch, to  the
                     masseter muscle. 3. Buccal.
                     to  the inner surface of the
                     cheek.   4.  Pterygoid, to the
                     internal pterygoid  muscle.
                     5. Lingual,  to the  mucous
                     membrane  of the  tongue.
                     6.  Inferior  dental, to  the
                     teeth of the  lower jaw, and
                     to  the lower lip.   7. Auri-
                     cular branch, to the pavilion
                     of  the ear and forehead.
5.  Par Trigcminum
     [5th pair.)
7.  Facial.........
(Portio  dura of the<
  7th pair.)
P. Auditory ........
(Portio mollis of the
  ~th pair)
j To the rectus externus oculi.

C1.  At its exit from  the cra-
   nium, the posterior auricu-
   lar, stylohyoid,  and  infra-
   mastoid,  to the  pavilion  of
   the ear, the mastoid process,
   the digastricus, and the mus-
   cles attached to the styloid
   process.
 2. Near the parotid gland, the
   temporal,  malar, buccal, su-
   pra-maxillary,   and  infra-
   maxillary to the whole su-
[  perficies of the face.

 To the vestibule, srmi circular
canals, and cochlea.
9. Glossopharyngeal, t r-,  ...     r..   .         a
(Portion  of the 8th) To *ne base of lhe t0nSue and
pair.)
10. Par Vagum.
    (8th pair.)
11.  Spinal or  Acces-
  sory of Willis.....
12. Hypoglossal.
    (9th pair.)
"1  pharynx.

 fl. AY THE NECK, —a. pha-
    ryngeal branch to  the pha-
    rynx;  superior  laryngeal
    branch to the larynx, and to
    some muscles  of  the  infe-
    rior hyoid region.   Cardiac
    branches   to   the   cardiac
    plexus.
  2. IN THE CHEST—lhe  in-
' i  ferior lary n gca I branch to the
    larynx .pulmonary branches.
    which  form the plexus  of
    the same name: oesophageal
    branches to the (Esophagus.
  3. AY THE ABDOMEN —
    gastric branches to the  pa-
    rietes of the stomach: fila-
    ments which go to the neigh-
    bouring plexuses.
  At its exit from the cranium—
    the accessory of the pneumo-
    gastric nerve anastomosing
    with  this nerve.   In   the
 j  neck —filaments to  the lias-
 [  pezius muscles
  fCervicalis  descendens, to  the
    muscles of the inferior hyoid
 t  region, and to the  cervical
 |  nerves.   Filaments to   the
 I.  muscles of the  tongue.
\st Cervical Pair.
I. Cervical Nerves.
II. Spinal or Vertebral Nervea.

                 Cervical Plexus. ■..
Id Cervical Pair-.
                     Anterior Branch.  Anastomo-
                       sing  par arcade with the
                       second pair.
                     Anterior  Branch.  A branch
                       anastomosing with the first
                       pair: a  branch which  goes
                       to the cervical  plexus.
3d and 4th Cervical I Anterior Branch.  Concurring
  Pairs.             (   in the cervical  plexus.
The  Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on
  the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep-
  seated cervico-occipital regions.
                    'Descending Branches.  — 1.
                       Internal  descending, anas-
                       tomosing with  a branch of
                       the hypoglossus.  2. Phrenic
                       branch,  to the diaphragm.
                       3. External descending bran-
                       ches,  dividing  into supra-
                       clavicular,  supra-acromial,
                       infraclavicular, and cervi-
                       cales profundi, to the  mus-
                       cles and integuments of the
                       upper part of the chest and
                       shoulder, to  the trapezius,
                       levator scapula, rhomboid-
                       eus, &c.
                     Ascending   Branches.  — 1,
                       Mastoid,  to  the  posterior
                       and lateral part of  the head
                       and the inner surface of the
                       pavilion of the ear.  2. Au-
                       ricular, to the parotid gland
                       and pavilion of the ear.
                     Superficial Cervical Branc'c.t.
                       (2.) To  the platysma myoi-
Cervical Plexus.,...-
5th. 6th, and 1th Cer-
  vical Pairs.
Brachial Plexus .... <
  des, diga tricus. the integu-
  ments of the neck, &c.
Anterior Branches.  Assisting
  in the formation -if the bra-
  chial plexus.
Posterior  Branches   To the
  muscles and integuments of
  the posterior  part of the
  neck and upper part of the
  back.
1.  Thoracic  Branches, (2j  o
  the  anterior  and  lateral
  parts of the chest.  2. Supra-
  scapulary branch to the mus-
  cles of the posterior scapular
  region.   3.  Infrascapulary
  branches (3.) to the subsca-
  pulars, teres  major,  teres
  minor, and  latissimus dorsi.
  4.  The brachial interna cu-
  taneous, to the  integuments
  of the  palmar- and dorsal
  surfaces of the forearm, near
  the ulnar margin.  5. The
  brachial external  cutaneous,
  principally   to  the integu-
  ments  of the  palmar  and
  dorsal surfaces  of the  fore-
  arm, near the ladial margin.
  6.  The median  verve, to the
  forearm, hand,  and palmar
  surface  of  all  the fingers.
  7.  The cubital verve, to the
  last  two fingers.   8.  The
  radial,  to  the  first  three.
  9.  The arillary, around the
  shoiiMcr-jojnt,  and to  the
  neighbouring muscles.
33 
NERVES
594
NERVES
      2.  Horaal Nervea, (Arervi doraale8.)

1st Dorsal Pair.
II.  Spinal or Vertebral Nervea.— Continued.
                                          r
2d  and
  Pairs.
3d
ith, 5th, 6th, and 7tA
  Dorsal Pairs.....
I
                    Anterior Branch. To the bra-
                      chial plexus.
            Dorsal I Anterior Branches.  An inter-
                   l   costal and brachial branch.
                   f Anterior Branches   Internal
                      branches, to the intercostals,
                   |   triangularis  sterni,  pecto-
                      ralis major, and to the skin.
                      External  branches to  the
                      integuments of the chest, the
                      obliquus  externus abdomi-
                      nis, and the skin of the ab
                      domen.
                   (Anterior  Branches.  Internal
                   l   branches,  to  the transver-
                   I   salis, obliquus internus, and
                      rectus muscles, and  to the
                      skin of the abdomen.  Ex-
                      ternal branches, to the in-
                      teguments of the chest, and
                      to the muscles  and skin of
                      the  abdomen.
                   ( Anterior Branch.  To the first
                   j   lumbar  nerve, and  to the
                   !   muscles and skin of the ab
                      domen  as far as the  iliac
                   [  crest.
The Posterior Branches of the dorsal  nerves are dis-
  tributed to the  muscles and integuments of the
  back and loins.

              3. Lumbar  Nervea.
                    Anterior  Branches. Concur-
                      ring to  form  the lumbar
                      plexus.
                    Anterior Branch.  Aiding in
                      forming the sciatic plexus.
The  Posterior Branches of  the  lumbar nerves are
  distributed to the loins, sacrum, and nates.
                   f 1. Musculo-cutaneous Branches,
                   |  to the number of three.  One
                      superior, to the muscles of
                      the  abdomen, to the  fold of
                      the  groin, and the scrotum:
                      a middle, to the integuments
                      and muscles of the abdomen :
8th,  9th, 10th,  and!
  lltA Dorsal Pairs.'
12th Dorsal Pair
1st, 2rf,  3d, and  4th
  Lumbar Pairs ....

5th Pair............
Lumbar Plexus.....^
Lumbar Plexus.....i
I
and an inferior, to the skin
of the  thigh.   2. A genito-
crural branch to the integu-
ments of the scrotum, the
groin, and the thigh.  3. '1 'he
crural nerve,  to the integu-
ments  and  muscles of the
thigh, skin  of the  leg, and
foot. 4. The obturator nerve,
to the muscles at the inner
part of the thigh.   5. The
lumbosacral, to  the sciatic
plexus.  It gives on" the glu-
teal  nerve  to  the  gluttei
muscles.
                Sacral Nerves.

i ,  oj ij  ar.A aii, i interior Branches. Thevform
 \Jral Palls      1  *>? ,heif Uni°" ,he *cialic
  Sacral Pairs......£  plexus.

                   { Anterior Branches.   To  the
5th and 6th Pairs ...<  parts in the vicinity of the
                   (  coccyx.
The  Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and
  integuments of the nates.
                    f 1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the
                      rectum.   2.  Vesical, to the
                      bladder.  3. Uterine  and va-
                      ginal, to  the vagina and
                      uterus.  4.  Inferior glutcr.l,
                      to the gluteal muscles, peri
                      n.Tuin, and integuments  of
                      the  posterior  part  of  the
                      thigh. 5. Pudic, to  the pe-
                      rineum, penis, or vulva,  6.
                      Sciatic, divided into  the ex-
Sciatic Plexus.......■{  ternalpoplitteal, which rami-
                      fies on the integuments and
                      muscles of the external side
                      of the leg, on the dorsum  of
                      the foot, and the dorsal sur-
                      face of  the  toes; and into
                      the internal popliteal, distri-
                      buted on the dorsal surface
                      of the two last toes, to the
                      muscles of the foot, and  on
                      the  plantar surface of  all
                      the toes.
  Classifications of the nerves have been recom-
mended according to their uses, In preference to
the  ordinary anatomical arrangement.  It  has
been remarked  that the encephalic nerves have
generally one root; the spinal two.   Now,  ex-
periments and  pathological facts  have  proved,
that the anterior fasciculus of the narrow and the
anterior roots of the spinal  nerves  are  inservient
to volition  or voluntary motion :  and that  the
posterior fasciculus  and. roots  are destined for
sensibility.  Hence the spinal nerves, which have
two  roots, must be the conductors both of motion
and  feeling;  whilst the encephalic, which, with
but few exceptions, have but one, can possess but
one of these properties :—they must be either sen-
sitive or motive, according as they  arise from the
posterior or  anterior fasciculus of the medulla:
and, consequently, three classes of nerves may be
distinguished.

                   'Arising, by a single  root,
                       from  the posterior fascicu-
                       lus of the medulla oblon-
                       gata  or spinal  marrow.
                   'Arising, by a single  root,
                       from  the anterior fascicu-
                       lus of the same  parts.
                    Which  have two roots:  one
                       from  the anterior, and one
                       from  the posterior fascicu-
                       lus.

  According to Sir Charles  Bell, the medulla ob-
1.  Se
2.  Motor.
?.  Sensory   and
    Motor ...
longata is composed  of three fasciculi on each
side;  an  anterior, a middle, and a  posterior.
Whilst the anterior and posterior fasciculi pro-
duce the nerves of motion  and sensation respec-
tively ; the  middle, according to  Sir Charles,
gives rise to a third set of  nerves—the respira-
tory.   To this order belong:—

1. The accessory  nerve of Willis, or superior
    respiratory.
2. The par vagum.
3. The glosso-pharyngeal.
4. The facial or respiratory of the face.
5. The phrenic.
6. A nerve which has the same  origin as  the
    phrenic;—the external respiratory.

  When a horse has been hard-ridden, every one
of these nerves is in action.
  This division  is now, however, generally  aban-
doned, and there  does not seem  to be a third
column, especially destined for respiration.
  Sir C.  Bell, again, has reduced the  system of
nerves to  two great classes.  1. Those that are
regular, primitive, symmetrical, and common to
all animals, from the worm to man ; which have
double roots, and  preside over sensibility  and
motion:  and. 2.  The irregular or superadded,
which  are added to the preceding, in proportion
as the  organization of animals offers new or more
complicated organs.   To the first class  belong all
the spinal nerves  and one encephalic—the  5th 
NERVES
595
NERVES
pair;—to  the  second, the rest of the  nervous
system.
  I>r. Marshall Hall has proposed a division of
the nervous system, which is  calculated to ex-
plain many of the anomalous  circumstances  we
so frequently witness.  He proposes to divide all
the nerves into, 1. The  cerebral or the,, sentient
and voluntary.  2. The true spinal or excito-mo-
tory.  3. The  ganglionic  or cyclo-ganglionic,—
the nutrient and secretory.  If the sentient and
voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon
the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract
when irritated, because the irritation is  conveyed
to the spine, and  the reflex action takes place to
the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. But
if  tho  spinal marrow  be now  destroyed, the
sphincters  remain entirely motionless, because
the centre of the  system is destroyed.  Dr. Hall
thinks  that a peculiar set of nerves  constitutes,
with the  true spinal marrow  as  their axis, the
second subdivision  of the  nervous system; and
as those of the first subdivision are distinguished
into sentient and voluntary, these may  be distin-
guished into the  excitor and motory.   The first,
or the excitor nerves, pursue their course princi-
pally from internal surfaces, characterized by pe-
culiar excitabilities, to the true medulla oblongata
and medulla spinalis; the eecond, or the motor
nerves, pursue a reflex course  from the medulla
to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned
principally in ingestion and  egestion.  The mo-
tions connected with the first or cerebral  subdi-
vision  are  sometimes, indeed frequently, aponta-
neoua; those connected with the true spinal are,
he believes, always excited.   Dr. Hall thinks, too,
that there is good reason for viewing the  fifth,
and posterior spinal nerves  as constituting an
external ganglionic system  for the  nutrition of
the external organs; and he  proposes  to divide
the ganglionic subdivision of the nervous system
into, 1. The internal ganglionic, which includes
that usually  denominated the  sympathetic, and
probably  filaments  of the  pneumogastric; and,
2. The external ganglionic, embracing the fifth
and posterior spinal nerves.   To the cerebral sys-
tem he assigns all diseases of sensation, percep-
tion, judgment, and volition — therefore all pain-
ful, mental, and  comatose,  and some paralytic
diseases.   To   the  true spinal,   excito-motory,
reflex,  or  diastaltic nervoua ayatem, belong all
spasmodic and certain  paralytic  diseases.  He
properly adds, that these two  parts of the ner-
vous system influence each  other both  in  health
and disease, as they both influence  the ganglio-
nic system.
   The main views of Dr. Hall on the excito-mo-
tory function have been generally  embraced.
   The following tabular view of the arrangement
and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres
is given by Dr. Carpenter.
Tabular View of  the Nervous Centres.
Afferent  fibres   derived
from Sensory Gangl:
ferent fibres transmitted
to motor centres.
Cerebral Ganglia,
tions; and thus the original source of Voluntary and
Emotional movements.
to motor centres.
Afferent  fibres   derived
from posterior column of
spinal cord; efferent fibres
transmitted into posterior
column.
               Cerebellic Ganglia,
for harmonization of muscular actions
    the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (?).
             I  Afferent  fibres  derived
             j  from posterior column of
including also t  spinal cord; efferent fibres
             I  transmitted  into motor
             [ column.
                                       Cranio-Spinal Axis,
                                           or centre of
                                        Automatic actions;
                                            including—
Radiating  fibres to Cere- "\                                                 ( Radiating fibres to Cere-
bral Ganglia;—Nerves of                  Sensory Ganglia,                 |  bral Ganglia;—Nerves of
Common and Special Sen- I the seat of Sensation, and centre of Consensual (or In- I  Common and Special Sen-
sation ; — Motor  nerves f stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving ]  sation; — Motor  nerves
forming  part  of  general  sensation.                                       I  forming  part  of general
motor system.           J                 _______________                 I motor system.
   Afferent
  and motor
   nerves of
  Respiration,
Deglutition, Ac.
   Afferent
  and motor
fibres, forming
  Trunks of
Spinal Nerves.
	„B^	Respiratory	&**
	0 I? zbB. c	and	8<s€
		Stomato-Gastrio	w ho ■o 0,43
Afferent	1*.	Ganglia,	
ajid motor		forming the true	C°S,
nerves of i	p a &	centres of the	-§« 1"
Respiration,		Medulla Oblongata;	"J a
Deglutition, &c.		instruments of Keflex	2 tfrS
	OS —	movements or automa-	S-sE
	f?8 r ? s 13* ^	tic actions independent of	h P
		sensation.	
		Spinal	nnect-;ments dwith a, and
	? 2. j?" 5s	Ganglion, or	
	g c ; o	True Spinal Cord,	
Afferent and motor fibres, forming	f» O 2. 3 ? £ S?3 2	consis(tog of a coalesceuseries of segmental ganglia, the instru-	5 - J3 -^ bo
Trunks of		ments of Keflex	£ £ oo 3
Sjiinul Nerves.	g.2 ™ B P 3 3= h	operations, or Au-	E"! 1.2°
	* <=■ 3 1	tomatic actions in-	o so
	aect-enta with and	dependent of Sensa-	£*£?3
		tion.	£.£'*s£
 
NERVES                 596                  NERVUS
  The nerves  are  covered and united  to  the
neighbouring parts by an abundant layer of fatty
areolar texture, which sends, inwards, prolonga-
tions that separate  the nervous cords and fila-
ments from  each other.   The arterial trunks,
which furnish them, transmit branches into their
interior.   The  veins  follow the same course as
the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not easily traced
even on the greatest trunks.
  Xehvi:,  Accessory, of  Willis, Spinal nerve
— n. Articular, Axillary nerve — n. Buccinator,
Buccal nerve—n. Cells, see Neurine—n. Femoral
cutaneous, see Genito-crural nerve—n. Feinoro-
popliteal, lesser, Sciatic nerve, lesser.
  Nerve Fibres, Fila ner'vea, Tu'buli ner'vei,
Fibra ner'vea.  The  minute  fibrils  or  tubules,
full of nervous matter, that constitute the nerves.
There is a difference between  the central and pe-
ripheral portion :—the former has been called the
axis cylinder and primitive band ; the latter, the
medullary or white substance of Schwann,—being
that to which the peculiarly white aspect of ce-
rebrospinal nerves is principally due.
   Nerve, Genital, see Genito-crural nerve—n.
Genito-crural, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Glu-
teal  of the Sacral plexus,  Sciatic nerve, lesser—
n.  Gustatory, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Inguinal,
internal,  Genito-crural nerve — n. of Jaeobson,
see Petrosal ganglion—n. Lateral nasal,  Spheno-*
palatine nerve—n. Lingual, Hypoglossal nerve—
n.  Naco-ocularis, Nasal nerve — n.  Nasopalpe-
bral, Nasal nerve—n. Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic
nerve—n. Ocular, Optic  nerve — n. of Organic
life,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Pajpebro-frontal,
 Frontal nerve — n.  Popliteal internal,  Tibial
nerve, posterior—n.  Power, Nervous power—n.
 Respiratory, of the face, Facial nerve—n. Respi-
ratory, superior, Spinal nerve—n.  Scapulo-hu-
 meral, Axillary  nerve — n. Scrotal,  see  Genito-
 crural nerve—n. Spiral, Radial nerve—n. Spiral,
 muscular, Radial nerve — n. Sub-occipital, Occi-
 pital nerve—n. Sub-pubian, Genito-crural nerve
— n. Superficial  temporal, Auricular nerve — n.
 Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. Temporal
 cutaneous, Auricular  nerve — n.  Ulnar,  Cubital
 nerve—n. Vidian, Pterygoid  nerve—n. of Wris-
 berg, see Cutaneous nerves—n. Zygomato-auri-
 cular, Auricular nerve.
   NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal  nerves —n.
 Dorsal,  Intercostal nerves — n. Eighth  pair of,
 Pneumogastric — n. Encephalic, first pair, Olfac-
 tory nerves—n. Encephalic, eleventh pail1, Spinal
 nerves—n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves—n. Fifth
 pair, Trigemini — n. Fourth  pair of, Patheticus
 nervus — n. Infra-orbitar,  Sub-orbitar nerves—n.
 Ninth pair of, Hypoglossal nerve—n. Oculo-mus-
 cular, common, Motores oculorum—n. Phrenic,
 Diaphragmatic nerves—n. Recurrent, Laryngeal
 inferior nerves—n. Sixth  pair of, Motor oculi ex-
 ternus— n. Spinal, Vertebral nerves — n. Tenth
 pair of, Pneumogastric — n. Third pair of, Moto-
 res oculorum.
    NERVI ACROMIALES,  Acromial nerves —
 n. Anonymi, Innominati nervi — n. Claviculares,
 Clavicular nerves—n. Outanei clunium inferiores,
 see Sciatic nerve, lesser—n.  Divisi,  Trigemini—
■ n. Entobaenontes, Afferent nerves—n. Gustatorii,
 Trigemini.
    Nervi  Molles.   ' Soft nerves.'   The anterior
 branches of the  superior cervical ganglion of the
  NERVINE,  A'ervi'nus,  Neurot'ic,  Neurit'ic,
Antineurotic,  Antineurojiath' ie.   A  medicine
whieh acts on the nervous system.
  NERVOUS, A'ervo'sus,  N euro'des,  Ncr'reus,
Neu'ricus.   Relating or belonging to the nerves.
Strong.  Also, weak, irritable.
  Nervous Attack, (F.) Attaque des nerfs, is an
affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and  dif-
ferent  nervous symptoms,  to which impressible
individuals are liable.
  Nervous Centres, see Centres, nervous.
  Nervous Diath'esis  is termed Atax'ia spiri-
tuum, Anoma'lia iiervo'rum.  Status nerro'sus, S.
erethit'icus, Diath'esis nervo'sa, Constitu'tio ner-
vo'sa, Ncrvou8iie88.  Medically, nervouaneaa means
unusual impressibility  of  the nervous  system.
Formerly, it signified strength, force, and vigour.
Recently, it has been applied to a hypochondri-
acal condition verging  upon insanity, occasion-
ally occurring  in those  in whom the  brain  has
been unduly tasked;—a condition termed by some
cerebrop'athy ; by others, brain-fag.
  Nervous  Diseases,  Morbi nerro'ai, (F.) Ma-
ladiea nerveuaea.  Affections  seated in the ner-
vous system.  To purely functional  disease of
the  nerves,  Dr.  Laycock has  given  the name
neura'mia, and to the class of diseases  he  applies
the epithet neura'mic.
  Nervous  Fluid, Nervous principle, Flu'idum
ner'veum,  Liq'uidum nerreum, Succus  nerveus,
Spir'itus vitdlis.   The  fluid which is supposed
to circulate through the nerves, and  which  has
been regarded as the agent of sensation and  mo-
tion.  Of this fluid we know  nothing, except  that
it resembles, in  many   respects, the  electric or
galvanic.  It was formerly called Animal spirits,
Spir'itus an'una'les, (F.) Esprits animaux.
  Nervous Pain,  Neuralgia.
  Nervous  Power, Nerve  power,  Vis  nervo'sa
seu nervo'rum, Ncurodyna'niia, Neurody'namis.
The power of  the  nerves as  exhibited in the liv-
ing organism.
  Nervous Principle, N. fluid.
  Nervous System.  The nerves of the  human
body considered collectively.  See Nerves.
  Nervous System of the Automatic  Func-
tions, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, gangli-
onic,  see  Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, or-
gauic, see Trisplanchnic nerve—n. System of tho
senses, Medulla oblongata—n. System of volun-
tary motion, &c,  Medulla spinalis.
   NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis.
   NERVUS, see Nerve, Penis—n. Ambulatorius,
 Pneumogastric nerve — n. Anonymus, Trigemini
 n.  Caroticus, Carotid nerve — n. Cervico-facialis,
 Cervico-facial nerve — n. Communicans  faciei,
 Facial nerve — n.  Cutaneus  internus,  see Saphe-
 nous nerves — n. Cutaneus  internus longus, see
 Saphenous nerves—n. Decimus, Pneumogastric—
 n.  Genito-cruralis, Cenito-crural nerve.
   Nervus Impar.  A  prolongation of the neuri-
 lemma  below the lower extremity of the spinal
 cord,  as a fibrous filament, which is inserted into
 the base of the coccyx.  It was formerly regarded
 as a nerve:—hence its name.
   Nervus Incisivus,  Incisive nerve — n. Inno-
 minatus Trigemini—n.  Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve
 —n. Juvenilis, menis—n. Latus, Achillis  tendo—
 n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve —
great sympathetic, which accompany the carotidi'n.  Lingualis  Pedius,  Hypoglossal  nerve — n
artery and its branches, around which they form
intricate plexuses,  and,  here and there, small
ganglia.   They are called molles from their soft-
ness, and subru'fl, from their reddish hue.
  Nervi Odoratoiui,  Olfactory nerves — n. Re-
versivi,  Laryngeal  inferior nerves — n. Subrufi,
Nervi molles—n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis.
Lumbo-inguinalis, Genito-crural nerve—n. Mix-
tus, Trigemini — n. Musculi pterygoidei,  Ptery-
goid nerve — n. Naso-ciliaris,  Nasal  nerve — n
Opticus, Optic nerve—n. Pneumogastrieus, Pneu-
mogastric— n.  Pudendus externus, see Cenito-
crural nerve—n. Quintus, Trigemini—n. Sperma-
tids, see Genito-crural nerve—n. Subcutaneus 
NE3TIA
597
NEURALGIA
maloo, Orbitar nerve—n. Sympathetica medius,
Trigemini,  Pneumogastric — n.  Sympathetica
minor,  Facial-nerve — n. Syinpathicus  medius,
Trigemini — n. Temporo-facialis, Temporo-facial
nerve—n. Timidus, Motor oculi externus—n. Tre-
mellus,  Trigemini — n.  Trochlearis, Patheticus
nervus—n. Vagus cum accessorio, Spinal nerve.
  NESTIA, Jejunum.
  N HSTIATRIA, Limotherapeia.
  NKSTIS, Jejunum.
  NESTITIIERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTOTHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora.
  NETLEAF, Goodyera pubescens.
  NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE,  Lamium
album — n. Dead, Lamium  album, L. amplexi-
caule—n. Dwarf, Urtica urens—n. Hedge, Gale-
opsis— n. Pill-bearing,  Urticaria pilulifera — n.
Rash, Urticaria—n. Stinging,  common,  Urtica.
  NETWORT, Goodyera pubescens.
  NEURADYNAMIA,  Neurasthenia.
  NEUR/EMIA, see Nervous diseases.
  NEURiE.MIC, see Nervous diseases.
  NEURAL;  from vzvpov, 'a nerve.'   Relating
to a nerve or to the nervous system.
  Neural Arch.  The arch formed by the pos-
terior projections connected with the body of the
vertebra, which protect the medulla.
   Neural Axis,  see  Encephalon — n. Spines,
Spinous processes.
  NEURAL'GIA, from vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and
aXyos, 'pain.'  Rheuinatis'mus s/iu'rius nervo'sus,
Neurodynia,  (F.) Nivralgic, Nicrodynie, Ner-
vous pain.  A generic name for a certain number
of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a very
acute pain, exacerbating or  intermitting, which
follows the course of a  nervous branch, extends
to  its  ramifications,  and seems, therefore,  to be
seated  in  the  nerve.  The  principal neuralgiae
have been distinguished by the names facial (of
which  the  infra-orbitar, maxillary, and frontal
are but divisions)—the ilio-scrotal, femoro-popli-
leal, femoro-pretibial, plantar, and cubito-digital.
A division of anomalous neuralgias has  likewise
 been admitted.
   All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the
 greatest diversity of means has been made use
 of: — bleeding, general  and local,—emetics, pur-
 gatives, rubefacients, vesicants, actual  cautery,
 narcotics,  mercurial  frictions, electricity;  de-
 struction of a portion  of  the nerve, Ac.   The
 most successful remedy, perhaps,  is the carbo-
 nate of iron, given in closes of some magnitude;
 as, for instance, £ss or Qij, twice or thrice a day,
 in  molasses.   This plan of treatment, continued
 for a  month or two, will  generally relieve, and
 ultimately remove this  much dreaded  affection.
 The mode in which it acts is by no means clear;
 but it  is almost  as  certain as any other remedy
 used in disease in producing its salutary effeets.
 The  bowels must bo kept  free; and' all inflam-
 matory symptoms removed during its  adminis-
 tration.
   Nkural'gia, Anom'ai.ous.   Under this name
 Chaussier has  included different  neuroses, some
 of which are characterized by acute pains circum-
 scribed within a short compass, or extending by
 irradiations,  but not  having  their seat in the
 course  of  a nerve; and others which are occa-
 sioned  by tumours in the course of a  nerve, or
 which  succeed contusions or incomplete divisions
 of nerves.
   Neuralgia Brachials, Brachialgia—n. Bra-
 chio-thoraciea, Angina  pectoris — n. Cruralis, N.
 femoro-tibialis.                         ,
   Neuralgia  Ci'mto-ihgitali*, h clnaa ner-
 vo'sj. digitdlis.  In this variety the pain extends
from the part where the nerve passes under the
inner condyle to the back  of the hand and to its
cubital edge.
  Neuralgia Dextalis, Odontalgia nervosa.
  Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neuralgia fdciei, Trie-
mite  muxilldris, T. Dolorif'icus, Opsial'gia. Do-
lor  crn'cians faciei,  Hemiera'nia  idiopath'ica,
Autal'gia doloro'ea, Tic douloureux. Dolor faciei,
Dolor faciei typ'ico charade're, D. P. Fothergilh',
Trismus elon'icus,  T. dolorif'icus, Rheuinatis'mus
cancro'sus,  Rhematia'mua larra'tus, Prosopalgia,
Proeojjodyn'io,  Dolor faciei period'icua,  Febris
top'ica,  Ophthalmodynia periodica,  Tortu'ra
Orie, Affectus epaamodico-convulei'vua Labio'rum,
is characterized by acute lancinating pains, re-
turning at intervals; and by twinges  in certain
parts of  the  face,  producing  convulsive twitches
in the  corresponding muscles.  It may be seated
in the  frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar, or in the
maxillary branch  of the fifth pair.
  Metopodijn'ia, Rrow-ague,  Neural'gia fronta'-
lia, Ophthalmodynia, Tic douloureux,  Dolor pe-
riod'icue, &c, commences  at the superciliary fora-
men and extends along the  ramifications  of the
frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead,
upper  eyelid, caruncula  lacrymalis, and nasal
angle  of the eyelids.  Sometimes it is felt parti-
cularly in  the orbit.
   Neuralgia infra-orbitdria, Dolor faciei at rax,
RheumaHe'iiiue cancro'sus, Trismus elon'icus, Pro-
sopalgia,  Febris  top'ica, Odontalgia remit'tens
et intermit'tens, Hemicrdnia  sava,  lufra-orbitar
neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux, is chiefly felt  in the
infra-orbitar foramen, whence it  passes  to the
cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, &c.
   In Neuralgia maxilla'ris, Gnathal'gia, Gnatho-
neural'gia, Tic  douloureux, Trismus catarrha'lis
maxillaris, the pain usually sets  out from the
mental foramen and passes to the chin, lips, tem-
ple, teeth,  and tongue.
   Neuralgia, False.  A term assigned to pains
along  a nerve or its ramifications, produced by
some body compressing it,—those pains termina-
ting with the removal of  the compressing cause.
   Neuralgia  Fem'oro-poplit.e'a, Sciat'ica,
Schias, Malum ischifid'icum, Morbus ischial!'icus,
Passio ischiadica, Ischiagra, Ischialgia, Ischio'-
 sis, Coxal'gia,  Neural'gia Ischiadica, Dolor Is-
chiad'icue nervo'sus, la'chiaa nervo'sa  Cotugnii
vel Cotunnii, Neurisch'ias, Iachiae nervo'sa pos-
 ti'ca,  la'chiaa,  Cox'agra, Ischias  rheumat'icum,
Ischiat'ica, Ischoneural'gia, (F.) Sciatique, Goutte
sciatique.  This is  characterized by pain follow-
ing the great  sciatic nerve  from the  ischiatic
no*tch to the ham,' and along the peroneal surface
 of the leg  to the sole of the foot.
   Neuralgia  Fem'oro-pr.etibia'lis, A',  crural,
 Ischias  nervo'sa anti'ca,  Scelal'gia ttnti'ca.  In
 this, the pain, setting out from the  groin, spreads
 along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down,
 chiefly,  on the inner side of  the leg,  to the inner
 ankle and back of the foot.
   Neuralgia of the Heart, Angina pectoris—
 n.  Hepatica, Hepatalgia.
   Neuralgia Ilio-Scrotal has been rarely ob-
 served.  It is characterized by a very acute pain,
 in the course of the branches of the first lumbar
 pair;  this pain follows the crista ilii  and accom-
 panies the spermatic vessels to the  testicle, which
 is often painfully retracted.
   Neuralgia,  Lead, see Lead rheumatism — n.
 Lienis, Splennlgia.
   Neural'gia Mamm.e, Ir'ritable breast.  An ex-
 ceedingly  painful affection of the female mamma,
 unaccompanied by inflammation.
   Neuralgia  Planta'ris.    This is rare; and
 the pain is  confined to the course  of the plantar
 nerves. 
NEURASTHENIA            598                NEVRINE
  Neuralgia Renum, Nephralgia — n. Spinalis,
Spinal irritation—n. Testis, Orchidalgia.
  NEURASTHENIA, Neitradyndmia,  DebiV-
itas nervo'sa.   Debility or impaired activity of
the nerves; from vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and aaScvcia,
'debility.'—See Irritable.
  NEURICUS, Nervous.
  NEURILEMM'A, Neurile'ma, Ncurily'ma,
Neu'rymen, Perineu'rion, Fis'tula seu Tu'bulus
seu  Cap'sula  seu  Involu'erum  nervo'rum, Mem-
bra'na seu Membran'ula  seu Tu'nica seu Indu-
men'tum  nervo'rum,  Vagi'na   nervo'rum;   (F.)
Nivrilemme ; from  vcvpov,  'a nerve,' and Xcppa,
' a coat.'  The  fine transparent, and apparently
fibrous membrane that surrounds the nerves—to
every filament  of whieh it forms a true canal.
  NEURILEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis.
  NEURILEMMI'TIS,  Neurilemmati'tis,  Neu-
rolemmati'tis,   Neurili'tis,  (F.)  Nivrilemmite.
Same etvmon.  Inflammation of the neurilemma.
  NEURILITIS, Neurilemmitis.
  NEURILYMA,  Neurilemma.
  NEURINE,  Medull'a nervo'rum, (F.) Nevrine.
The substance of  which the nervous system  is
composed.   It  consists chiefly of albumen and a
peculiar fatty matter, associated with phosphorus.
There are two kinds of neurine—the one vesicu-
lar or consisting essentially of nerve vesicles or
nerve cells  or  corpuscles, or, as they are some-
times called, from their prevailing in the ganglia
—ganglion corpuscles and ganglion globules; the
other, the tubular;  formed—as  the word imports
— of tubules.   The  former is the cineritious or
cortical nervous matter of the older anatomists;—
the latter, the white or medullary.  The vesicular
neurine appears to be concerned in the  produc-
tion and distribution of nerve-power;  the tubular,
in its conduction.
  NEURISCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
  NEURITIC, Nervine.
  NEURI'TIS, Inflamma'tio nervo'rum,  Neuro-
phlogo'sis,  Neurophleg'mone, (F.)  Inflammation
des Nerfls,  Neurite, from vcvpov, ' a nerve,'  and
itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.  Inflamma-
tion of a nervo.
  NEUROBLACI'A, from  vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and
fiXaKtta, ' stupor.'   Insensibility of the nerves.
  NEUROCHONDRO'DES, from  vcvpov,  'a si-'
new,' xov^f0^>   'a  cartilage,' and ctSoc,  ' resem-
blance.'  A hard substance between a sinew and
a cartilage.
  NEURODES, Nervous.
  NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous power.
  NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous power.
  NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia.
  NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism, animal.
  NEUROGRAPHY, Neurograph'ia; from vcv-
pov, 'a nerve,'  and  ypatfin,  'a description.'   The
part of anatomy which describes the nerves.
  NEURO-HYPNOTISM, see  Magnetism,  ani-
mal.
  NEIJROLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis.
  NEUROL'OGY, Neurolog"i'a, (F.) Nerrologie.
from vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and  Xoyoc, 'a discourse.'
That part of anatomy which treats of the nerves.
  NEURO'MA, (F.) Nevrdme, from vcvpov, 'a
nerve.'  A  morbid  enlargement of a nerve.   Ap-
plied to subcutaneous, circumscribed, and highly
painful  tumours formed  on the tissue  of the
nerves: and likewise to small, hard,  grayish tu-
mours of the size of a pea, which are  observed in
the course  of  nerves,  and appear to be  formed
from the neurilemma.
  NEUROMALA'CIA; from vcvpov,  'a  nerve,'
and iiaXaxia, 'softening.'   Softening of nerves.
  NEUROMETRES, Psose.
  NEUROMYELITIS,  from vtvpov, 'a. nerve,'
uvcXos, 'marrow,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation  of the medullary matter of the
nerves.
  NEURON, see Nerve.
  NEURON'OSOS, Neuronu'sos, from  vcvpov, 'a
nerve,' and voaos, ' a disease.' A disease of the
nerves.
  NEURONYG'ME, A7euronyg'mus, Neuronyx'is,
from  vcvpov, 'a nerve,'  and vvyuri,  'puncture;'
Punc'tio nervi.   Puncture of a nerve.
  NEUROPATH'IC, Neuropath'icua, from vcvpov,
'a nerve,' and  nadoc, 'a  disease.'  Belonging to
disease of the  nerves, to Neuropathi'a or  Neu-
ron'oaoa.
  NEUROPHLEGMONE, Neuritis.
  NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis.
  NEUROPLAS'TY, Neuroplaa'tice, (F.)  Nev-
roplastie, from  vcvpov,  ' a nerve,' and  irXaertnos,
' forming.'  M.  Serres applies this term to a gan-
glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves.
  NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous, Typhus mitior.
  NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous, Typhus
mitior.
  NEURO'SES,  (F.) Necroses,  from  vtvpov, 'a
nerve.'   A  generic name for diseases supposed
to have  their  seat in the nervous system,  and
which are indicated by disordered  sensation, vo-
lition, or mental manifestation; without any evi-
dent  lesion in  the  structure of the parts,  and
without  any  material agent producing them.
Such is the usual definition.  Broussais attributes
them  to a state  of irritation of the brain and spi-
nal marrow.
  NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
  NEUROSPASMI, see  Spasm.
  NEUROSTIIENI'A,  (F.)  Ner.roathenie,  from
vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and oBtviia, 'strength.'  Excess
of nervous irritation.  Nervous irritation.
  NEUROTHELIC  APPARATUS, Corpus pa-
pillare.
  NEUROTIC, Nervine.
  NEUROTTCA.  Diseases of the  nervous func-
tion.  The 4th class of Good's Nosology.
  NEU'ROTOME,  Neu rot'ornus ;  from vcvpov,
'a nerve,'- and  ripvm,  'I cut,'  'I dissect.'  An
instrument  used by anatomists  to  dissect the
nerves.  It is  a long and very  narrow scalpel,
having two edges.
  NEUROT'OMY, Neurotom'ia,  (F.) Nevrotomie.
Same etymon.   Dissection of the nerves.  Also,
an incised wound of a nerve.
  NEUROTRO'SIS, Neurotros'mua,  from vcvpov,
'a nerve,'and rpuxxis, 'wounding.'   Nervi vulne-
ra'tio.  Wound or wounding of a nerve.
  NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis.
  NEURYMEN, Neurilemma.
  NEUTA, Neutha.   A membrane, according to
Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and ears of the
fcetus in  utero.
  NEUTRAL, from neither, 'neither.' Belonging
to neither in particular.
  Neutral  Salts,  Secondary  aalta, (F.)  Seh
neutrea.  Salts, composed of two primitive saline
substances, combined together, and not possess-
ing the characters of acid or of base.
  NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Thermal
springs in  the  department  of  Allier, France.
Temperature, 136° to 148° Fahrenheit.
  NEVRALGIE,  Neuralgia—n. du  Foie, Hepa-
talgia—n. dea Reina, Nephralgia,—n. de I'Utirus,
Hysteralgia.
  NEVRILEMME, Neurilemma.
  NEVRILEMMITE, Neurilemmitis.
  NEVRINE,  Neurine. 
nSvrite
599
NITRAS
 NiVRITE, Neuritis.
 NEVRODYNIE, Neuralgia.
 NEVUOLOGIE, Neurology.
 NEVROME, Neuroma.
 NEVROSE DU C03UR, Angina pectoris.
 NEVROSES, Neuroses.
 NtiVROSTHEXlE, Neurosthenia.
  NEVROTOME, Neurotome.
  NE VR 0 TOM IE, Neurotomy.
  NEVUS, Naevus.
  NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
In the upper part of  Morris  county and in  the
county of Hunterdon, near the top of Musconet-
cong  mountain, there are chalybeate  springs,
which are resorted to. See Schooley's Mountain.
  NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
The chief waters are those of  Ballston, Saratoga,
and Sharon.
  NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary body.
  NEZ, Nasus.
  NIANDRIA ANOMALA,  Anisodus luridus.
  NICARAGUA WOOD, see Cassalpinia.
  NICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The climate of Nice
possesses  some advantages over the neighbour-
ing climates of Provence and Italy, being free
from  the sirocco  of  the latter,  and protected
from  the  mistral of the former.   Spring is  the
most unfavourable season.   The  climate is very
dry.  It has been a great winter  retreat for the
consumptive; but does  not  deserve  the enco-
miums that have been passed upon it.
  NICKAR  TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
  NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil of Nicode'mus.
An oil made by digesting, for some time,—in a
mixture of white wine and olive oil,—old turpen-
tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd of zinc, Ac.
  NICOTIANA, N. tabacum—n.  Minor, N. rus-
tica.
  Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called after Nicot, who
carried it to Europe;  N. minor, Priapei'a, Hyos-
cy'amus  lu'teus, English  Tobacco.   The leaves
possess the properties of tobacco,  but are milder.
  Nicotiana Tab'acum, Nicotia'na,  Herba  ta-
baci, Tabacum, Petum,  Petun, Hyoscy'amus  Pe-
ruvia'nus, Tobacco, Virgin'ia  tobacco, (F.) Tabac,
Nicotiane.  Tobacco  is a violent  acro-narcotic;
its  properties seeming to depend upon a peculiar
principle, Nicotin  or Nicotianin.  It is  narcotic,
sedative,  diuretic,  emetic, cathartic, and errhine.
In  incarcerated hernia,  it is injected, in  the form
of smoke or infusion, but requires great caution.
It is extensively and habitually used as an errhine
and sialogogue. The  infusion is used to kill  ver-
 min, and in some cutaneous eruptions.
   NICO TIA NE, Nicotiana tabacum.
   NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
   NICOTIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
   NICTATIO, Hippus, Nictatio.
   NICTA'TION, Nictdtio, Nietitdtio, from »n'c-
 tare, ' to wink.'  Clonus nietitdtio, Blepharism'us,
 Palpebra'tio, Twinkling of the eye, (F.)  Clignote-
 ment,  Clignement,  Cillement, Souris.   A rapid
 and repeated movement of  the  eyelids, which
 open and shut alternately.  As occasionally per-
 formed,  it is physiological;  if repeatedly, a dis-
 ease.  It seems to be executed chiefly by  the
 motor 7th pair of nerves ; but it is necessary that
 the excitor 5th pair should likewise be in a state
 of integrity.
   NIUAMENTUM,  Decidua.
   NIDOREUX, Nidorous.
   NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'sus,  (F.) -Yidoreux, from
 Nidar. Cnissa,  'the  smell of any thing burnt,'
 Ac.  Having the smell of burnt or corrupt animal
 matter.
   NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis.
  Nidus  Hirun'dinis,  Nidus, Swallows' Neat.
A deep fossa in the cerebellum — so called from
its fancied resemblance—situate between  the ve-
lum medullare posterius in front, and the nodu-
lus and uvula behind.
  NIEDERBRONN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Saline waters  in the department of Bas-Rhin,
France, which contain  chloride of sodium, sul-
phate of magnesia,  and  carbonic acid.
  NIELLE, Nigella.
  NIGELLA, Coptis.
  Nigel'la, N. Sati'va, Melan'thium,  Cumi'num
Nigrum, Fennel flower. Nutmeg flower, Devil in
a bueh, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle.  This small southern
European and Syrian  plant was  formerly used
medicinally as an  expectorant and deobstruent,
errhine, sialogogue, <fcc.
  NIGELLE, Nigella.
  NIGHT-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia.
  NIGHT EYES,  Crusta genu equinae—n. Mare,
Incubus.
  NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca
decandra—n. Bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara—
n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bella-
donna— n. Enchanter's, Circaea Lutetiana — n.
Garden, Solanum — n.  Palestine, Solanum sanc-
tum— n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger — n. Vine,
Solanum  dulcamara — n. Woody, Solanum dul-
camara.       v
   NIGREDO A SOLE, Ephelides.
   NIGRITA, Negro.
   NIGRITIES, Melanopathia — n. Ossium, Ca-
ries.
   NIGRITISM, Melanopathia.
   NIGRITUDO, Melanosis—n. Pulmonum, Me-
lanosis pulmonum.
   NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy.
   NIGROR,  Melasma.
   NIGRUM  OCULI, Pupil.
   NIHIL ALBUM, Zinci oxydum—n. Griseum,
 Zinci oxydum.
   NILIACUM, Mel.
   NINDSIN, Sium ninsi.
   NINE-DAY FITS,  Trismus nascentium.
   NINSI, Sium ninsi.
   NINSING, Panax quinquefolium.
   NINZIN,  Sium  ninsi.
   NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.  The Teat, Tit,  Dug,
 Pap, Acromas'tium, Uber, Staph'ylis, Staphyl'-
 1H771, Bubona, Mammil'la, Mammel'la, Papil'la,
 Thele,  Tit'the,  Titthos, Tit'thion,  Titthie,  (F.)
 Mamelon.  The conical tubercle, situate at the
 centre of the breast.  Towards the central part
 of each breast the skin changes colour, and as-
 sumes a rosy tint  in young females, or a reddish
 brown in those who have suckled several chil-
 dren.  The circle  is called the Areola  or Aureola
 of the nipple.  The nipple is capable  of erection
 on being excited.
   NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana.
   NIRLES,  Herpes exedens.
   NISUS, A'i.rux, Peira. Straining,  from Lat.
 nitor, ' to endeavour.'   A voluntary retention of
 the breath, so as  to force  down  the diaphragm:
 the abdominal muscles being at the  same time
 contracted forcibly. In this manner the contents
 of the abdomen are compressed; and the evacua-
 tion of the faeces,  urine, &c, is effected.
   Nisus, Effort — n. Forrnativus, Plastic force.
   Nisi s Parturientium.  The efforts or forcing
 during parturition.
   NITEDULA, Cicindela.
   NITON, MINERAL WATERS OF.   These
 springs  in the Isle of Wight contain iron, and
 sulphate of alumina and potassa.
   NITRAS  KALICUM. Potasste nitras—n. Lix-
 iviae, Potassa} nitras—n. Nutricuin, Soda, nitrate
 of—n.  Plumbicus, Plumbi nitras —  n. Potassa 
NITRATE                 600                NOISETTE
eum sulphure fusus,  Potassae nitras fusus  sul-
phatis  paucillo  mixtus — n.  Sub-bismuthicuin,
Bismuth, sub-nitrate of.
  NI'TRATE, Nitras.  A salt, formed of a base
and nitric acid.   Several nitrates  are employed
in medicine.
  NITRATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonias
nitras —»?. D'Argent, Argenti nitras.
  NITRE, Potassae  nitras — n. Cubic, Soda, ni-
trate of.
  NITRIC ACID, Acidum  ni'tricum, A. azo'ti-
cum, A. sep'ticum, A. nitri, Aqua fortis, Nitrous
acid, Spir'itus nitri duplex, Sp. nitri fumans,  Sp.
nitri  Glaube'ri, Azot'ic  acid, Dephlogisticated
nitrous  acid,  Oxysepton'ic acid,  Spir'itus nitri
ac"idus, (F.) Acide nitrique.   Nitric acid is  ob-
tained from nitre—Nitrate of potassa.  Its odour
is suffocating; taste very acid and caustic. It is
corrosive, liquid,  colourless,  and transparent.
S. g. 1.500.
  Strong  nitric  acid is rarely used except as an
application to foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts.
AVhen  given  internally, it is in the form of the
Acidum  ni'tricum dilu'tum,  Spir'itus nitri  sim-
plex, Sp. nitri vulga'ris—the Diluted nitric acid,
which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States,
consists of nitric acid, £j, water, Jix, by measure.
Diluted largely with water, it is used, as a drink,
in fevers of the  typhoid  kind; in chronic affec-
tions of the liver, syphilis, <fcc.; but, in the latter
affections, it is not to be depended upon.
  NITROGEN, Azote.
   Ni'trogen, Gaseous Oxide of, Nitrous oxide,
Protox'ide of nitrogen or of azote, Paradise gas,
Intoxicating gas, Laughing gas, Dephlogisticated
nitrous  gas,  Gas  azot'icum  oxygena'tum. This
gas, when respired,  produces singular effects;
great mental and  corporeal  excitement;  and,
generally, so much exhilaration as to render  the
appellation, "laughing gas" by no means inap-
propriate.  It has not been much used in medi-
cine, although recommended in  paralysis.   Its
effects are too violent and too transient to render
it a valuable remedial agent; and,  in  the deli-
cate, it has been productive of unpleasant effects,
inducing palpitation, fainting, and convulsions.
   Nitrogen,  Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous
oxide of.    v
.- NITROGENE, Azote.
   NITROGENIUM, Azote.
   NI'TROGENIZED, A'zoted, A'zotized.  Con-
taining nitrogen or  azote:—as  a nitrogenized,
azoted, or azotized aliment.
   NITRO-MURIAT'IC  ACID, Ac"idum nitro-
muriat'icum, Nitro-hydroehlor'ic  acid, Hydro-
chloro-nitric acid,  Aqua regia,   Aqua  styg"ia,
Chrysulca, Aqua regis, Acidum  muriaticum ni-
tro'so-oxygena'turn, Mens'truum auri, (F.) Eauri-
gale.  A mixture of the nitric and  muriatic acids,
has been used in diseases of the liver, in  the form
of a bath for the feet and legs made sharply  aci-
dulous.  It has, also, been employed,  and with
more uniform results, in cutaneous  affections.
Whatever advantage it may possess in internal
diseases — and  these advantages are doubtful —
they are probably dependent upon  the  chlorine
formed by the mixture, or upon  the properties
possessed by the mineral acids in general.   See
Chlorine.
   The Acidum nitro-muriaticum of the Pharma-
copoeia of tho United States is formed by mixing
four fluidounces of nitric acid with eight of muri-
atic acid.
   NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of.
   NITRUM, Natron, Potassae nitras —n. Anti-
quorum, Soda — n. Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of—
n. Factitium, Borax—n. Flammans, Ammoniae
nitras—n. Lunare, Argenti nitras—n. Rhomboi-
dale. Soda,  nitrate of—n. Safurniniim, Tlumbi
nitras — n. Vitriolatum  Sehroederi, Potassa) sul-
phas— n. Tabulatum, Potassie nitras fusus sul-
phatis paucillo mixtus — n. Vitriolatum, Potassae
sulphas.
  NIX, Snow—n. Fumans, Calx viva—n. Zinci,
Zinci oxydum.
  NIXUS, Nisus — n. Parturientium, Nisus par-
turientium.
  NOAH'S ARK,  Cypripedium luteum.
  NOBLE, Nob'His, Prin'cipal, Essen'tial.
  Noble Parts, Partes essentia'les.  Some ana-
tomists  have given this name to  parts, without
which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver,
lungs, brain, &c.  The organs of generation have,
likewise, been so called.
  NOCAR, voiKap, 1'orpor Soporif'icus. Lethargic
torpor.
  NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism.
  NOCTAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism.
  NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist.
  NOCTILUCA, Cincindela.
  NOCTISURGIUM, Somnambulism.
  NOCTUI'NI OC'ULI.   Gray or blue eyes.—
Castelli.
  NOCTURNA BELLA, Coitus.
  NOCTUR'NAL,  Noctur'nus, Nycter'inns, from
nox, ' night.'  Relating to night,  as Febris noc-
tur'na  seu nycter'ina.   A  fever occurring in the
night.
  NODDING, Annuitio.
  NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania.
  NODE, A'odus, Emphy'ma exosto'sis perios'tea,
(F.) Nodosite, Nceud; from Hebr. ")J, 'a heap.'
A hard concretion or incrustation, which forms
around joints attacked with rheumatism or gonf.
Some include,  under this  name, exostoses, arti-
cular calculi, ganglions, and  even  the  chronic
swellings of the  joints, known under the name
of white swellings.
  NODES,  Edeiitulus.
  NODI DIGITORUM MANUS,  Phalanges of
the fingers—n. Lactea, Infarctus mammae lacteus
—n. Nervorum, Ganglions, nervous—n. Hasmor-
rhoidales, see Hasmorrhois.
  NODOI, Nefrendes.
  NODOSIA, see Nefrendes.
  NODOSITE, Node.
  NOD'ULIARAN'TILiVocZiiri-J/or^cT^i'/i^or'-
pora Aran'tii.  The small sesamoid bodies situate
on  the  periphery of the semilunar valves of the
aorta and pulmonary artery, for the better occlu-
sion of the artery.
  Noduli Morgagnii,  Noduli Arantii — n. Ner-
vorum, Ganglions,  nervous.
  NOD'ULUS, diminutive of nodus, 'a knot' A
small knot. A small prominence or lobule in the
portion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste-
rior boundary of the fourth ventricle. The nodu-
lus is  on the median line, and before the uvula.
See Vermiform process, inferior.
  NODUS, Articulation,  Edentulus, Encystis,
Hamma—n. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — n. Chirurgi-
cus, Knot,  surgeon's — n.  Encephali, Nceud de
VEnciphale, Pons Varolii—n.  Hystericus, Globus
hystericus—n. Vitas, Centrum vitale.
  NOESIS, Intellect.
   NOSUD, Node — »i. du Chirurgien, Knot, sur-
geon's—«. Emballeur,  Knot, packer's.
   NOSUD  DE  L'ENCEPHALE  (F.), Nodus
Enceph'ali.  M. Cruveilhier, under this name,
includes the pons Varolii,  peduncles of the cere-
brum  and cerebellum, and the tubereula quadri-
gemina.
   NOSUD  VITAL, Centrum vitale.
   NCEUDS, Calculi, arthritic.
   NOISETIER, Corylus avellana.
   NOISETTE, Corylus avellana (nut.) 
                    NOIX

  NOIN, Juglans regia (nux) — n. Amiricainr,
Jatropha curcas—71. des Barbades, Jatropha cur-
cas—n. Catltoriiuur,  Jatropha curcas—n. d'Eau,
Trapa natans—n. de  Gallc, see Quercus infectoria
— 11. de  Serpent, see Thevetia Ahouai—n. Vo-
mique, see Strychnos nux vomica.
  NOLA CULINABIA, Anemone Pulsatilla.
  NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see  t?/iancreu.z
( Bout an.)
  NOMA,  Cancer aquaticus — n.  Pudendorum,
Colpocace infantilis.
  NOM'Al), Nam'tide, A'omaa, from vopir},  'pas-
turage.'  An epithet given to people  who have
no  fixed habitation, and who travel, with their
flocks, from  country to  country, for  pasturage.
Such are the Tartars.  By  analogy,  the  word
Nomad'ic has been applied to spreading ulcer.
  NOMBRIL, Umbilicus —11. de Venus, Cotyle-
don umbilicus.
  NOME, Cancer aquaticus, Phagedenic ulcers.
  NOMENCLATURE,   Nomeneldtio, Nomen-
clatu'ra, Ouomato/og"ia, Onomatocle'sis, Tcrmon'-
ology,   Terminal'ogy,  Orismol'ogy, from  ovop.a,
'name,'  and naXcta,  'I  call.'  A collection  of
terms or words peculiar to a  science or art.  In
all  sciences, nomenclature is an object  of import-
ance;  and  each term  should convey to the stu-
dent a definite meaning.  The Lavoisierian no-
menclature was a valuable gift to chemistry; and
anatomy has derived advantage from the labours
of Barclay, Dumas,  and Chaussier,  who  have
given names to parts indicative of their situation.
See Muscle.  The nomenclature of pathology has
required the greatest  attention; and although
repeated attempts have been  made to improve it,
the barbarous  terms that disgrace  it are still
frequently adopted.  It consists of Hebrew and
Arabic terms; Greek and Latin, French, Italian,
Spanish, German, English, and even Indian, Afri-
can, and Mexican; often barbarously and illegiti-
mately  compounded.  A  want  of  principle in
founding the technical  terms of medicine is  every
where  observable.  They have been formed: —
1. From colour; as Me/ana, Mclae,  Atrabilis,
Leuce,  Alphos,  Chlorosis, Rubeola, Scarlatina,
Purpura, &c. 2. From duration;  as  ephemeral,
quotidian, tertian, and quartan, continued, and in-
termittent, &c.   3. From  Birds, Beasts, Fishes,
Insects, and Plants; as Rabies canina,  Cynanche,
Boulimia, Pica, Hippopyon, Elephantiasis, Urti-
caria,  Lichen, Ichthyosis, &e.  4. From Persons
or Places;  as Morbus  Herculeus, Fades Hippo-
cratica, Lepra Arabum,  Plica Polonica,  Sudor
Anglicua, Morbua Gallicua, Ignia Sancti Antonii,
Chorea Sancti Viti, &c.
  NOMUS, Cancer aquaticus.
  NON-NAT'URALS, Aron  naturdlia.  Under
this term the ancient  physicians comprehended
air, meat, and drink, sleep and watching, motion
and rest, tho retentions and  excretions, and the
affections of the  mind.   They were so  called, be-
cause they affect man  without entering into his
composition, or constituting his nature; but yet
are so necessary that he cannot live without them.
  NON-SANE, Insane.
  NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see
Muscular fibre.
  NON US   HUMERI  PLACENTINI,   Teres
minor — n.  Linguas musculus, Genio-glossus—11.
Vesalii, Peronrcus tertius.
  NOOS. Intellect.
  NORMA  VERTICALIS, see Normal.
  NORMAL, Norma'lia, from norma, 'a perpen-
dicular,'  'a rule.'  According to rule; perpen-
dicular.
  The normal line, norma vertica'lie, of Blumen-
bach, is a vertical line let fall from the promi-
nence of the frontal bone and shaving the  supe-
il               NOSTALGIA

 rior maxillary, so as to mark  the  projection of
 the latter bone beyond the arch of the forehead.
   NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari-
 zatum.
   NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri oxy-
 muriatis.
   NOSACERUS, Sickly.
   NOSE, Nasus — n. Bleed, Epistaxis — n. Run-
 ning at the, Coryza.
   NOSELI'A, A'osoeome'sis,  Nosocomia,  from
 voaoc, ' disease.'  Care of the sick.
   NOSEMA,  Disease.
   NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  voaoc,  'disease,'
 and eyKctpaXos, 'brain.'  A  monster whose skull
 is open  only  on the frontal and parietal regions,
 the posterior fontanelle being distinctly present.
   NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick.
   NOSEUMA, Disease.
   NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia.
   NOSOCOMIA, Noselia.
   NOSOCO'MIAL,  Nosocomidlis,  from nosoco-
 mium, ' an hospital.'  Relating to an hospital, —
 as 'nosocomial or hospital fever.'
   NOSOCOMIUM, Hospital.
   NOSOCOMUS, Infirmier.
   NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick, Sickly.
   NOSODOCHIUM, Hospital.
   NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny.
   NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny.
   NOSOGENY, Pathogeny.
   NOSOG'RAPHY, Nosograph'ia, from vooog, 'a
 disease,' and ypaipui, ' I describe.'  A description
 of diseases.
   NOSOL'OGY,  Nosolog"ia, from  voaoc,  'a dis-
 ease, and Xoyos, ' a discourse. A name given to that
 part of medicine whose object is the classification
 of diseases.   The  most  celebrated nosological
 systems  have  been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin-
 naeus Q763),  Vogel (1764), Sagar  (1776), Mac-
 bride (1772),  Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle,
 Crichton (1804),  Parr (1809),  Swediaur (1S12),
 Pinel (1813), Young (1813), Good (1817), Hosack
 (1818), <tc. Besides these general nosographies,
 others have  been published on Surgery  exclu-
 sively, none of which are particularly worthy of
 enumeration  amongst nosological systems.  No-
 sological arrangements have, also, been formed
 of single families or groups of diseases.  Plenck,
 of Baden, is the author of two  different treatises
 of this kind :  the one, a methodical arrangement
 of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of  cu-
 taneous  diseases.   Dr. Willan  published  an  ar-
 rangemenf of cutaneous diseases, which was com-
 pleted by Dr. Bateman,  and adopted  into  the
 Nosology  of Dr.  Hosack.  Mr. Abernethy, also,
 published a methodical classification of  tumours,
 and many other partial nosological classifications
 might be enumerated.   Also, Pathology.
   NOSON'OMY,  Nosonom'ia, from  vooos, 'a dis-
 ease,' and ovopa,  'name.'  The nomenclature of
 diseases.
   NOSOPH'YTA,from voaoc, 'disease,' and tpvrov,
 ' a plant'.'  A disease supposed to be produced by,
 or to consist  in  the  development of  parasitic
 plants—as porrigo,  mentagra, &c.— Gruby.
   NOSOPCE'US,  A'osopoet'icus, from voaoc, 'dis-
 ease,' and irotcu,  ' I make.'  That which  causes
 disease.
   NOSOS, Disease.
   NOSOTAX'Y,  A"osotax'ia, from voaoc, 'a dis-
 ease,' and rafit, ' arrangement.' The distribution
 and  classification of diseases.
   NOSOTHEO'RIA. from  voaoc, 'disease,' and
 Scoipta,  'doctrine.'   The doctrine or  theory of
 disease.
   NOSTAL'GIA, from voaroc, 'return,'  'a jour-
 ney home,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Nostonw'uia, Ao#-
61 
NOSTOMANIA
602
NUCLEUS
 traa'aia, Apodemial'gia, Pathopatridal'gia, Pato-
 patridal'gia, PhilopatridaVgia, Philopatridoma'-
 nia, Ademon'ia, Adcmoa'yne, Homesickness, (F.)
 Noatalgie, Maladie du paya.   An  affection pro-
 duced by the desire of returning to one's country.
 It  is commonly attended by  slow wasting, and
 sometimes by hectic, which may speedily induce
 death.  M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety
 of melancholy.
   NOSTOMANIA, Nostalgia.
   NOSTRA SSI A, Nostalgia.
   NOSTRILS, Nares.
   NOSTRUxM, Arcanum.
   Nostrum,  Chittick's.  An  empirical remedy
 for stone in the bladder, said  to be a solution of
 alkali in veal-broth.
   NOTA MATERNA, Nasvus — n.  Primitiva,
 Groove,  primitive.
   NOT/E INFANTUM, Nasvi.
   NOTAL, Dorsal.
   NOTAL'GIA, A"otial'gia, (Nostalgia,  impro-
 perly, of Kochlin  and others,) from vvros, 'the
 back,' andaXyoc, 'pain.' Pain in the back.  Spinal
 irritation.
   NOTANENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus.
   NOTCH,  Teut.  No eke, Ital. Nocchia,  Emar-
 gina'tio, Emarginatu'ra,  (F.) Echancrure.  A
 depression or indentation of different shape and
 size,  observed on  the  circumference or edges of
 certain bones.
   Notch of  the Concha, Incisura tragica.
   Notch, Ethmoid'al, (F.) Echancrure ethmo'i-
 dale, is situate on  the frontal bone, and joins the
 ethmoid.                   ^
   Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Echancrurea lachia-
 tiquea, are two in number : — the greater and the
 i ess.   The former  is large, situate at the inferior
 part of the pelvis,  and formed  by the sacrum and
 ilium.  It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py-
 ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves-
 sels and nerves. The latter is much smaller than
 the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic
 spine.  It gives passage to the tendon of the ob-
 turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels
 and nerves.               ,
   Notch, Parot'id,  (F.) Echancrure parotidi-
 enne, is the triangular space comprised between
 the parotid  edge  of the inferior maxillary bone
 and the mastoid  process; so called, because it
 lodges the parotid gland. The notches  in soft
 parts are generally called Fissures.
   Notch, ScAP'uLAR^/nctsu'ra acapuldria, Ld-
 nula ecap'ula,  (F.) Echancrure ecapulaire.  The
 notch on the superior edge or coata of the scapula,
 which is converted into a foramen by means of a
 ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular
 nerve.
   Notch,  Semilunar of  the Sternum, Four-
 chette.
   NOTENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus.
   NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vo>roc,  'the back,'
 and  cyKctpaXov, 'the  head.'   A  monster whose
 head, with the brain, is  on the  back.  The con-
 dition is termed  ATotenccphdlia  and Notanen-
 cephdlia.— G. St. Hilaire.
   NOTHEUSIS,  Degeneration.
   NOTHIA, Degeneration.
-  NOTHROTES, Torpor.
   NOTHUS, False.
   NOTL&US, Dorsal —n. Myelus, Medulla spi-
 nalis.
   NOTIALGIA, Notalgia.
   NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis.
   NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis.
   NOTON,  Dorsum.
   NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column.
   NOUAGE DE LA CORNEE, Caligo.
  A'OUE, (Bandage) (¥.); 'knotted,' from nodus,
'a knot.'  A bandage which has a considerable
number of knots placed abovo each other.   It is
made with a roller, 6 or 7 ells long,  rolled into
two balls, and is used  to compress  the parotid
region, after the extirpation of the parotid gland.
  Also, an epithet applied to  children in whom
the disease of  rickets has swollen the articula-
tions.
  It is, likewise, applied to the gout, when it has
caused nodes on the joints.
  NOUET  (F.), Nod'ulue.   A  bag  filled  with
medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid t«
communicate their properties to it.
  NOUFFER'S, MADAME,  REMEDY, Poly
podium filix mas.
  N OUR RICE, Nurse.
  NOURRICIER, Nutritious.
  NOURRITURE, Aliment.
  NOUS, Intellect.
  NOUURE, Rachitis.
  NOUVEAU-NE  (¥.),  A'eondtue,  nuperrimi
Aatua, Neo'g'enea, Neog'ilea,  Neog'ilua, Neog'nua,
Infant recena natua.   That which has been jusfc
born.  A new-born infant.
  NOVACULA, Razor.
  NOYAU,  see Cytoblast.
  NOYAU  CENTRAL DES PEDONCULES
DU CER VELET, Corpus dentatum.
  NO YER, Juglans regia—n. de Ceylon, Adha-
toda.
  NUAGE, Nebula.
  NUBECULA, Enaeorema, Nebula.
  NUBES, Enaeorema, Nebula.
  NU'BILE,  ATu'bilia, 'marriageable,'  'fit  to
marry.'  Generally, the  period of puberty is con-
sidered to be the  age at  which both sexes are
nubile.   They are truly nubile,  however,  only
when they are fitted to procreate healthy and
vigorous children, and are competent to discharge
their duties as parents.
  NUBILTTY,  Nubil'itaa,  (F.) Nubiliti; same
etymon. The state of being nubile or marriage-
able.
  NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid.
  NUCES AQUATICJE,  see Trapa natans —n.
Quercus, see Quercus alba.
  NUCHA,  In'ium, (F.)  Nuque.   The  nuke,
hinder part, or nape "of the neck.  The part where
the spinal marrow begins.
  Ligamen'tum Nucha.  A strong ligament  from
the neck, proceeding from one spinous process to
another, and inserted into the  occipital bone.  It
is very strong in  quadrupeds.  Itvis called in
them Paxywaxy, Paxwax, and Packwax.
  NUCHAL RE'GION, lie'gio nucha  seu ««-
cha'lia seu occipita'lia infe'rior.  The region of
the nucha or nape of the neck.
  NUCISTA,  see Myristica  moschata.
  NUCK, CANAL  OF.  A small prolongation
of the  peritoneum often  sent into the  inguinal
canal of the female foetus.  So called from Nuck,
who first described it.
  NU'CLEATED, Nucledtua, from  nucleua, 'a
kernel.'  Having  a  nucleus or  central  particle.
Applied to the elementary cells of organized tis-
sues ;  the vital properties  of which are seated in
the nucleus.  See  Cytoblast.
   NUCLEATED CELL, see Cytoblast.
   NUCLEI CEMBRiE, see Pinus Cembra — n.
Ossei, Ossification, points of—n. Pineal, see Pinua
pinea.
   NUCLEOLE, see  Cytoblast.
   NUCLEOLULE, see  Cytoblast.
   NUCLEOLUS,  see Cytoblast.
   NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast—n. Blastodermatis,
 Tache embryonnaire—n. Centralis, Corpus denta-
 tum— n. Cicatricula?,  Tache  embryonnaire—n. 
N'JCULA                 603                NYMPHAE
   Dentatus, Corpus dentatum —n.  Dentis, Dental
   pulp — n  Encased,  Cytoblast —n.  Fimbriatus,
   Corpus dentatum—n. Furunculi, see Furunculus
   -n  (terminal, see Molecule —n. Germinativus,
   see  Mo.ccule —n. Olivas,  Corpus  dentatum —n.
   U-silieationis, Ossification, point  of—n. Rhoin-
   I'oidalis, see Corpus dentatum.
     NUCULATERRESTRIS, Bunium  bulbocas-
   tanum.
     NUKE, Nucha.
     NUMERICAL METHOD,  see Method, nume-
   rical.                                  '
     NUM'MULAR,  Nmnmuldria.    Relating  to
   money, from minimus, 'money.'  An epithet ap-
   plied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten
   ttt v it ,bottoTln of  the vessel. like a piece of money.
     M MMULARIA, Lysimachia nutnmularia.
     I^UPIIUR  LUTEUM, Nymphasa lutea.
     *\l'0'-E, Nucha.
     NURSE, Sax. nonice, Nutrix,  (from nourish,
   itself from nutrire,)  Tithe'ne, Trephou'aa,  Lac-
   tans, Lac'ticans,  Ndtriens, Thelas'tria, Mamma,
   (I.) Autrice, (F.)  Nourrice.  One who suckles her
   own child or another's.  One that has  the care
   of a sick person,  (F.) Garde-malade.
     Nurse, Dry.   One who gives every  care to a
   3hild, but does not suckle it.
     Nurse, Wet.   A female, who suckles  the child
  of another.
    To ' nurse artificially,' is to bring up a child by
  the hand.
    NUS, Intellect.
    NUS US, Disease.
    N UT, BUTTER, Juglans cinerea—n. Cembros,
  see Pinus  cembra—n. Physic,  Jatropha  curcas—
  n.  Pine, see Pinus picea—n. Pistachio, see Pista-
  cia vera—n. Poison, see Strychnos  nux vomica—
  n.  Purging, see Jatropha—n. Rattle, Nelumbium
  luteum — n. Soap, see Sapindus saponaria—n.
  Tree, Malabar, Adhatoda—n. Vomic, see Strych-
  nos nux vomica—n. Zirbel, see Pinus picea.
    NUTA'TION, Aittdtio, from nutare, 'to nod.'
  Constant  oscillation  of the head,  by which it
  moves involuntarily in one or more directions.
    NUTATOR  CAPITIS, Sterno-cleido-mastoi-
  deus.
    NUTMEG, see Myristica moschata—n. Flower,
  Nigella—n. Liver, Liver, nutmeg.
   NUTRTCATIO, Nutrition.
   NUTRICIER, Nutritious.
   NUTRICIUS, Nutritious.
   NUTRIENS, Aliment, Nurse.
   NUTR I MEN, Aliment.
   NUTR IMEN'TAL, Nutrimenta'lia, Aliment'ol,
 Aliincntdlia, from  nutrimen, 'aliment.'   Having
 the qualities of food or nutriment.
   NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
   NUTRIT"ION,  Nutrifio, NutricdHo, Nutri'-
 tua, A/itu'ra, Thrcpaia, from nutrire, 'to nourish.'
 Nutrition is that function by which  the nutritive
 matter already elaborated by the various  organic
 actions, loses its own nature, and assumes that
 of the different living  tissues,—to  repair their
 losses and  maintain their strength.  Sometimes
 the word is used in a more extended  signification,
 to express the whole series  of actions by which
 the two constant movements of composition and
 decomposition  are  accomplished, in  organized
 bodies.  Nutrition, then, would comprehend  di-
 gestion, absorption, respiration, circulation, and
 assimilation ; the latter being nutrition, properly
 so called, and being operated in the  intermediate
 "^stetu over the whole of the body, — the cells of
 the tissues attracting from the blood the elements
 necessary for their reparation.
   Nutrition, Force of, Plastic force.
 _  NUTRIT'TOUS, Nutric"ius, Ndtritive, Alib'-
ilis,   Trophi'mos, Tropho'des,  (F.)  A'ourricier,
   Nutricier.  Having the quality of nourishing: as
   nutritious food, nutritious lymph, <fec.
     Nutritious  or Nutritive Arteries, (F.) Ar-
   teres nutricieres.  Arterial  branches which enter
   the foramina nutricia of long  bones, and pene-
   trate to the medullary membrane.
     NU'TRITIVE,  Nutritious.  Also, relating to
   nutrition:  hence  the  'nutritive  functions/  or
   those that are  concerned in nutrition.
     NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition.
     NUTRIX, Mamma, Nurse.
     NUTS, WATER, Nelumbium luteum.
     NUX AROMATICA,  see Myristica moschata
   —n. Avellana,  Corylus avellana (nut)—n. Barba-
   densis, Jatropha curcas—n. Becuiba,  Ibicuiba—
   n. Cathartica Americana, Jatropha curcas — n.
   Gallas, see Quercus cerris — n. Juglans, Juglans
   regia—n.  Medica, Coco of the Maldives—n. Me-
   tella, Strychnos nux vomica—n.  Methel, Datura
   stramonium — n. Moschata, see Myristica mos-
   chata— n. Myristica, see  Myristica inosehata—n.
   Pistacia, see Pistacia vera—n.  Unguentaria,  see
   Myristica moschata—n. Vomica,  Strychnos nux
   vomica.
    NYCTALOPE, see Nyctalopia.
    NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia.
    NYCTALO'PIA, from wi, 'night,' and oizrouat,
  ' I see;' Parop'eia Lucif'uga, Nyctalopi'aaia, Cce'-
  citaa diur'nu, Viaua noctur'nua,  Oxyo'pia, Heme-
  ralo'pia (moderns,) Amblyo'pia meritlidna,  He-
  meratyphlo'aie, Photophob'io, PhotophobophthaV-
  mia,  Dyed pia lu'minie; Viaua dcrior, Nyc'talopy,
  (F.)  Vue  nocturne,  Aveug/ement de Jour.   The
  faculty of seeing during the night, with privation
  of the faculty during the day.   It  affects  both
  eyes  at  once when  idiopathic.   Its duration is
  uncertain,  and  treatment very obscure.   It  is
  however,  a disease  of nervous  irritability, and
  one of excitement  of the visual nerve in parti-
  cular.  The indications of cure will consequently
  be-||to allay direct  irritation in everyway;  to
  excite counter-irritation by blisters; and to gra-
  dually accustom the eye to the  impression  of
  light.
    One labouring under this  affection is called a
  Nyc'talope, Nyc'talopa, Nijctttlo'pex.
    NYCTALOPS, see Nyctalopia.
    NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia.
    NYCTERINUS, Nocturnal.
    NYCTIIEMERON, see Dies.
    NYCTHE'MERUM, from  „„£ 'night,'  and
 'yucpa, ' day.'  The space of 24 hours, or of a day
 and night.   Certain complaints continue only so
 long.
   NYCTOBADIA, Somnambulism.
   NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism.
   NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism.
   NYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
   NYCTOTYPHLOSIS, Hemeralopia.
   NYGMA, Wound, punctured.
   NYGMATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Emplas-
 trum resinas.
   NYMPHA, Clitoris.
   NYMPHAE, from vv/itpv,   'a  water  nymph.'
 Ala inter'na  mino'rea clitor'idis,  Curun'cula cu-
 ticuldrea, Ala mino'rea, A. mulie'brea mino'rea
 Crista clitor'idis, Collic'iili vagi'na, Myrtochi'la'
 Myrtucheil'ides, Labia  mino'ra seu inter'na  L
 puden'di mino'ra, (¥.) N/mphes, Petites  tevrea
 Two membranous folds,  which arise from the
 lateral parts of the prepuce  of the clitoris, and
 descend on the inner surface of the labia majora-
 terminating,  by  becoming gradually  thinner,
 about the middle  of the circumference of the ori-
fice of the vagina. They are formed each of two
folds of the mucous membrane of the vulva;  and
contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy,
erectile tissue.  Their use seems to be, -not, as 
               NYMPHS ALBA            6

was  once  supposed,  to  direct the course of the
urine,_whieh notion gave rise to their name, but
to favour  the  elongation  and dilatation of the
vagina in pregnancy  and labour.
  The word vvutpn, Nymphe, has also been used
synonymously with  clitoris by Oribasius, Ae'tius,
&.C.
  NYMPHJE'A ALBA, Leuconympha'a, A^cnu'-
phar,  Microleuconympha'a, Caatdlia apecio'aa,
White Water  Lily,  (F.) Nenuphar blanc.   ATat.
Ord. Ranunculaceas.   Sex, Syat. Polyandria Mo-
nogynia.  Formerly  employed as a demulcent,
antaphrodisiac, emollient,  and slightly anodyne
remedy.
  Nymphaea  Indica,  N.   nelumbo — n. Major
lutea, N. lutea.
  Nymphaea Lu'tea, N. major lutea, N. umbili-
ca'lia, Nuphur  lu'teum, Nenu'phar lutea, Nypho-
zanthus vulga'ris, Yellow Water Lily, (F.) Ninu-
phar jaune.  Used for the  same purposes.
  Nymphaea Nelum'bo, Faba JEgyptiaca, Cy'-
amus JEgyptiacii8, Nympha'a In'dica;  Pontic
or ^Egyptian  Bean.   The fruit  of this  is eaten
raw  in  Egypt and  some  of  the neighbouring
countries; and is considered to be tonic and as-
tringent.
  Nympha'a   Odora'ta,   Sweet-scented  Water
Lily, Sweet water lily, White pond  lily,  Toad
Lily, Cow Cabbage,  Water Cabbage, (F.) Nenu-
phar odorant.   An indigenous plant, growing in
most parts of the United  States in fresh  water
ponds, and on  the borders  of streams, and having
large white,  beautiful, sweet-scented  flowers.
The  root  is very astringent and  bitter.   It is
sometimes made into a poultice and used as a
discutient.
  Nymph^a Umbilicalis, N. lutea.
  NYMPHE,  Clitoris.
  NYMPH US, Nymphas.
  NYMPHI'TIS; from vvutpn, 'the clitoris,' and
tin's,  denoting  inflammation.   Epiderrhi'tiaffln-
flammdtio  Clitor'idis.   Inflammation  of  the
clitoris.
  NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania.
  NYMPHOMANIA, from vvuipr,, 'a bride,' and
  OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria—o. Common,
Quercus robur — o. Jerusalem, Chenopodium bo-
trys—o. Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius—o. Poison,
Rhux  toxicodendron — o. Red, Quercus  rubra
montana—o. Sea, Fucus vesiculosus—o. Spanish,
Quercus rubra montana—o. White,  Quercus alba.
  OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
  OARION, Ovary.
  OARION'CUS, Oariophy'ma, Ovdrium  tu'mi-
dum, Tumor Ova'rii, from waptov, 'the ovarium,'
and oyicos, 'swelling.'  Ovarian tumour.
  OARIOPAREC'TAMA, Oophoraux'e, from
naptov, 'ovarium,' and irapcKrctvctv, 'to extend.'
Enlargement of the ovary.
  OARIORRHEX'IS, from  waptov,  'ovarium,'
and pnfa, 'rupture.'  Ruptu'ra Ova'rii. Rupture
of the ovary.
  OARIOT'OMY,  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariotom'ia,
Ovariot'omy, from toaptov,  ' the ovarium'/ and ro/iij,
'incision.'   The operation   for  removing  the
ovary.
  OARI'TIS, Oophoritis, Oori'tis, Inflamma'tio
Ova'rii, Ovari'tis, (F.) Inflammation de VOvaire,
from waptov, ' the ovarium/ and itis, the termina-
'4               OBFCSCATIO

 pavia, 'fury;' Furor uteri'nus, Ulcroina'uia, Lag-
 ne'aia furor femini'nus, Melroma'nitt, A'itlirtigtir'-
 gains, yEdceogaris'inus, Thelygon'ia, Erotoma'nia,
 -Edceomdnia, Aidoiomdnia,  Mclancho'lia  nte-
 ri'na,  Nymphoclu'ia,  Sympto'ma turpitii'dinis,
 Androma'nia, Gynacomdnia, Machlos'yne, Ente-
 lipathi'a, Tenti'go vene'rea, Hysteroma'nia, Sa-
 lac"itaa vulra, Uteri pruri'tua, Brachu'na, Arait'-
 con, Area'tum, OSetroma'iiia,  (F.) A'l/inphonitiitie,
 Furcur utirine.   An irresistible and  insatiable
 desire, in  females, for the venereal act.  It occurs
 in those particularly, who possess a nervous tem-
 perament, and vivid imagination,  especially  if
 excited by improper language, masturbation, &c
 Its course, as described, is as  follows.   In the
 commencement, the sufferer is a prey to perpetual
 contests between feelings of modesty and impetu-
 ous  desire.   At an  after period, she  abandons
 herself to the latter, seeking no longer to restrain
 them.  In the last stage the obscenity is disgust-
 ing; and the mental  alienation, for such it is,
 becomes  complete.  The treatment consists in the
 use of the same means as are required in the sa-
 tyriasis of man.  When the mental  alienation  is
 complete, solitude is indispensable.
   NYMPHON'CUS, from vvutpn, 'the  nympha,'
 and oyKOi, ' a tumour.'   A morbid tumefaction of
 the nymphas.
   NYMPHOT'OMY, Nymphotom'ia, Arympha'-
 rum Sec'tio,  from vvutpn, 'nympha,'  and rtpvetv,
 ' to cut.'   An operation, known and practised for
 a long time, which consists in the excision of the
 nymphae. The operation is had recourse to, when
 they are attacked with scirrhus, cancer, fungus,
 or gangrene; or when they are so large as to in-
 terfere with walking or coition.   Nymphotomy  is
 the circumcision of the female.   It is practised in
 some countries.
   Some authors have used the term Nymphotomy
 for amputation of the clitoris.
   NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS, Nymphasa
 lutea.
   NYSTAG'MUS.  A partial rotatory movement
 of the  eyeball from side to side. Also, Coma vigil.
   NYXIS, Puncture.
tion denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the
ovarium.
  OARIUM, Ovary^
  OARTHROC'ACE, formed by contraction from
omo-arthrocace.  Said to be used by Rust to de-
signate inflammation of the scapulo-humeral ar-
ticular surfaces. — Nysten.
  OATMEAL, see Avena.
  OATS, Avena.
  OBAUDITIO, Baryeeoia.
  OBAUDITUS, Baryeeoia.
  OBC^ECATIO, Cascitas.
  OBDORMIT"IO.  from  ob,  and  dormio, 'to
sleep.' The state of the limbs being asleep. (Stu-
por ar'tuum.
  OBDUCTIO, Autopsia cadaverica legalis.
  OBEL^EA RAPHE, Sagittal suture.
  OBESITAS, Polysarcia—o.  Colli,  Struma adi-
posa— o. Nimia, Pimelosis — o. Viscerum, Phys-
conia adiposa.
  OBESITE, Polysarcia.
  OBESITY, Polysarcia.
  OBESUS, Corpulent.
  OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
0. 
OBITUS
605
OBLITERATIO
  OBITUS, Death.
  OBJECTIVE  CONE.   The cone of light pro-
ceeding from an object, the apex of which  is on
the object, and the base on the cornea.
  Objective Sensations, see Sensation.
  OBLINITIO, Inunction.
  OIJLIQUE',  OUi'quits.  Any thing inclined, or
which  deviates from the  vertical  line.   Anato-
mists have given this  name  to certain  muscles,
which  have  an oblique direction as regards  the
plane that divides the body  into two equal and
symmetrical halves.  These are:—
  Oblique Muscles  of  the Abdomen.   They
are  two in number, and distinguished into: 1
Ob/it/itiis  Exter'nua, Abdom'inis,  0. deacen'dena
exter'nua, <). deacendena, 0. major,  (F.) Rio-pubo
costo-abdom'inal,  Costo-abdom'inal  (Ch.), Grand
oblique,  Oblique externe.   One of  the  broadest
muscles of the body.  It is situate at  the lateral
and anterior part of the abdomen ;  and is flat and
quadrilateral.  It is attached, above, to the outer
surface  and  lower edge of the 7 or 8 last ribs :
below, to the anterior third of the external lip of
the crista ilii:  before, it terminates at the linea
alba by means  of a»broad and strong aponeurosis,
which covers the rectus, and presents towards its
inferior part two  very solid fibrous   fasciculi,
which are inserted, — the  one at the symphysis,
the other at  the spine of the pubis, — under  the
name of Pillars of the Abdominal Ring.  These
pillars .leave between them an  opening, which
forms the  inferior orifice  of the inguinal canal.
The obliquus externus abdominis  depresses  the
ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong
expiration.   It impresses  on  the  chest  a move-
ment of rotation, and bends the thorax upon  the
pelvis, and conversely.  It contracts, also, the ab-
dominal cavity.  2. Obliquua Inter'nus  Abdomi-
minia, M. uccU'ria, 0. aacendena,  0. minor, 0. in-
terline, 0. ascendens internus, (F.) Ilio-lombo-costo-
abdominal, Ilio-abdominal (Ch.), Muscle  petit
oblique  ou  oblique interne, is broad, especially
before; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, like
the preceding,  beneath which it is situate.  It is
attached, above, to the inferior edge of the  carti-
lages of the 5th, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs; below,
to the anterior two-thirds  of the interstice of the
crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural arch,
and to the pubis ; behind, to the spinous processes
of the last two lumbar vertebras, and to those of
the  first two portions of the sacrum; before, to
the linea alba.  Its upper fibres run obliquely  up-
wards and forwards ; the middle are horizontal;
and the lower pass  obliquely downwards and
forwards.
   These last,  in  the  male, are dragged  down
through the inguinal ring, when the testicle des-
cends, and form the two fasciculi of the cremaster.
   The obliquus internus resembles the  0. exter-
nus in function.
   Oblique Muscles of the Eye, Amato'rii, Cir-
ruinagen'tcs, Rotato'res Oc'uli. are two in number.
They are distinguished into : 1. Obliquua Superior
 Oculi, Amoto'riua mns'citlus, Trochlea'ris, Troch-
lea'tor,  Obliquus major,  Circumductio'nis op'ifex,
Longis'simua oc'uli, (F.) Optico-trochlei acleroti-
cien, Grand trochleatcur (Ch.), Grand oblique de
Vail, 0. aupiricur de I'ceil, Amourcux (Muscle,) ia
situate at the inner and upper part of the  orbit.
It is small, round, fusiform,  and reflected upon
itself in the middle of its course.   Behind, it is
attached to the inside  of  the foramen opticum;
and when  it arrives opposite the internal orbitar
process, it becomes a small, round  tendon, which
slides  in  a cartilaginous  pulley fixed to the os
frontis, and is  reflected, at an  acute angle, to pro-
ceed downwards  and  outwards,  and  to attach
itself to the outer and back part of the  globe of
the eye. This muscle carries the globe of the eye
forwards and  inwards; making it  experience  a
movement  of  rotation,  which directs  the  pupil
downwards and inwards.  This is conceived to be
an involuntary muscle as well as the  next.  In
sleep, according to  Sir C. Bell, when the power
over the straight or voluntary muscles  of the
organ is nearly lost, the eye is given  up to the
oblique  muscles, which lodge the transparent cor-
nea under the upper eyelid.  At the approach of '
death, the same thing is observable; hence, the
turning up of  the eye, at such a  time, is not an
evidence of agony or suffering, but of insensibi-
lity.  2. Obli'quua Infe'rior Oc'uli, 0. minor oculi,
{Y.)Maxillo-acliroticien, Petit Trochleatenr (Ch.),
Petit oblique ou oblique infirieur de I'ceil, is situ-
ate at the anterior and inferior part of the orbit.
It is flat and attached to the inner and anterior
part of  the orbitar surface of the s-u^erior maxil-
lary  bone, on the  outside of the lachrymal gutter;
from thence it passes outwards  and backwards,
and  terminates by an aponeurosis,  at the  poste-
rior and inner part of the globe of the eye.  It
carries the globe of the eye inwards and forwards;
and directs the pupil upwards and outwards.
   Oblique Musci.es of the Head.   These are
two  in  number.  1. Obliquua Superior Cap'itis,
0. minor capitia,  (F.)  Trachelo-atloido-oceipital,
Atlo'ido-sous-masto'idien (Ch.), Jlusele oblique su-
perior ou petit oblique de la tete.  This muscle is
situate at the sides of, and behind, the articula-
tion  of  the head: itis flat and attached, on the
one hand, to the top of the transverse process of
the atlas; and, on the other, terminates at the oc-
cipital bone, beneath the inferior curved line, and
sometimes, also, at the mastoid region of the tem-
poral bone.  It extends the head, — inclining  it
to one  side.  2. Obliquua  Inferior Capitia, Obli-
quua major, (F.)  Spini-axdido-tracheli-atloidien,
Axoido- atloidien (Ch.),  Oblique  infirieur ou
grand oblique de  la tete, is situate  at the  poste-
rior part of the neck and head. It is round, fusU
form; attached to the spinous process of the axis,
and proceeds to terminate behind and  below the
summit of the transverse process of the atlas.  It
impresses, on the first vertebra and the head,  a
movement of rotation, which turns the face  to one
side.
   Oblique Processes, see Vertebras.
   OBLIQUE EXTERNE, Obliquus  externus
abdominis — o. Grand, Obliquus  externus  abdo-
minis—o. Grand de I'ceil, Obliquus superior ocu-
li— o.  Grand de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis
— o. Infirieur de I'ceil, Obliquus inferior oculi —
o.  Infirieur de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis—
o. Interne, Obliquus internus abdominis—o. Petit,
Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit de I'ceil,
Obliquus inferior  oculi — o. Petit de la tete, Obli-
quus superior  oculi — o. Supirieur de I'ceil, Obli-
quus superior  oculi—o. Superieur^de la tete, Obli-
quus superior  capitis.
   OB LI QUITE  DE LA MA TRICE, Retrover-
sio uteri.
   OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS, 0. internus abdo-
minis — o. Auris, Laxator tympani — o. Descen-
dens externus, 0. externus abdominis—o. Major,
0. externus abdominis,  0. inferior capitis,  0. su-
perior oculi — o. Minor, 0. internus abdominis —
o. Minor capitis,  0. superior capitis — o.  Minor
oculi, 0. inferior  oculi.
   OBLITERATED, Obliterdtua; from  oblite-
rare, 'to efface,' (litera, 'letters.'?)  A vessel or
duct is said to be obliterated, when its  parietes
have approximated and contracted such an adhe-
sion to  each other that the cavity has completely
disappeared.
   OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Hapantisnius. 
OBLIVIO                 606                OCCITITAL
  OBLIVIO, Amnesia — o. Iners, Lethargy.
  OBLOBIUM, Antilobium.
  OB'OLUS, Onolosat. A weight of 9 or 10 grains.
  OBSOCK.VE PARTES, Genital organs.
  OllsrURi'lSSEMENT DE LA VUE, Caligo.
  OBSERVATION, Obaervdtio, (from ob,  and
tervare, 'to keep,' e. g. in sight.)  Tere'aia, Sym-
paraterc'sis.  Act of examining a thing by means
of the external senses. This word is employed in
several acceptations.  It  expresses—1.  The action
of observing — 2. The aggregate of knowledge,
afforded by observation.  In French—but not in
English—it means the case or history of the phe-
nomena presented by a patient in the course of a
disease.
  OBSERVATION,  Case —o. Method of,  Nu-
merical method.
  OBSTET'RIC, ObsteVricua; same  etymon as
obstetrics.  Relating or appertaining to obstetrics,
— as ' obatetric auscultation,' ' obatetrio  explora-
tion,' <fcc.
  Obstetric Chair, Labour-chair.
  OBSTETRICANS,  Accoucheur.
  OBSTET'RICS, from Obstetric,  'a midwife.'
Tokol'ogy,  Tocol'ogy,  Maiei'a,  Maeei'a, Maei'a,
Maeeu'tica are, Are obatetric"ia, Obatet'ricy,  (F.)
Obate'trique.  The art of midwifery.  Midwifery
in general.
  OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics.
   OBSTETRIQUE, Obstetrics.
  OBSTETRIX, Midwife.
  OBSTIPATIO,  Constipation — o.  Tenesmus,
Tenesmus.
  Obstipatio, see Hump.
  OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis—o. Capitis seu Colli,
Torticollis.
  OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis,  Stegnosis—o. Al-
vi, Constipation—o. Ductfls Alimentarii, Consti-
pation — o. Ductus Stenoniani,  Stenostenosis —
o. Intestinalis, Constipation — o. Recti Spastica,
Stricture of the  Rectum, spasmodic — o. Pulmo-
num pituitosa febrilis, Peripneumonia  notha.
  OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES.
Enteremphraxis.
  OB'STRUENS, from  obatruo, (ob, and atruere,
'to build,') 'I stop up by building against.'  Op-
pilati'vua.   A medicine which closes the orifices
of ducts or vessels.
   OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics.
   OBTONDANT, Obtundens.
  OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas.
  OBTUN'DENS, (F.)  Obtondant, from obtun-
dere (ob and tundere, ' to beat,') ' to  beat against,'
and therefore to blunt the  edge.   An epithet
applied to remedies that were supposed, accord-
ing to an erroneous theory, to be possessed of the
power of blunting the acrimony of  the humours.
A demulcent is one of these.
  OBTURAMENTUM, Emphragma.
   OBTURAWUR DU PALAIS, Palate,  arti-
ficial.
  OBTURATIO, Emphraxis.
  OBTURA'TOR, Obturato'riua, (F.) Obturateur,
from obturare, ' to close,' ' stop up the entrance.'
A name given to several parts.
  Obturator Artery,  Arteria obturato'ria, A.
obturatrix, (F.) Soua-pubio fimorale (Ch.), Artere
obturatrice, arises, most commonly,  from the hy-
pogastric.   It is, however, frequently given off
from the epigastric ; a matter of importance to be
determined in cases of  femoral hernia.  Of 500
obturator  arteries examined by Mr.  J. Cloquet,
348 were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152
by the epigastric or crural.  When  it  arises from
the hypogastric,  it passes forwards and outwards,
and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the
pelvis, to issue from this  cavity by the opening
left at the upper part of the obturator  membrane.
When, on  the contrary, the obturator artery
arises from  the  epigastric  or  the  crural, it de-
scends obliquely  inwards, behind  the os pubis,
to the obturator foramen.   At its exit  from the
pelvis, the  artery divides into two branches, a
poaterior and an anterior, which are distributed
to the muscles of the anterior and superior part
of the thigh.
  Obtura'tor  Fora'men,  Fora'men  Obturato'-
rium, F. infra-pubia'num, Fora'men orale, F, thy-
roideum, F.  Thyroi'des, F. Am plum Pelvis, (F.)
Trou sous-pubien.  A large opening, of an  oval
or triangular form, in the anterior part of the jh
innominatum,  on the outside  of the symphysis
pubis and beneath  the horizontal ramus of the
os pubis.  This foramen is closed by a membra-
nous ligament.
  Obturator  Ligament  or  Membrane,  Sub-
pubic membrane, is a fibrous membrane, fixed to
the whole circumference of the obturator  fora-
men, except above, where an opening remains for
the passage  of the vessels and nerves of the  same
name.
  Obturator  Muscles, Obturato'res, Rotato'rea
fem'oria.  These are two in number.  They are
divided into
  a. Obturator  Exter'nua, Extra-pelrio-pubi-tro-
chantirien, Sous-pttbio-trochaiitirien externe  (Ch.)
A muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part
of the thigh.  It is  broad, flat,  and triangular;
and is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior
surface of the  os pubis, to that of the  ischium,
and to the anterior surface of the obturator liga-
ment.  Its fleshy fibres converge to the tendon,
which proceeds to be inserted at the inferior part
of the cavity of the great trochanter.   This  mus-
cle rotates the thigh  outwards.
  b. Obturator Inter'nua, Maranpia'lia, Buraa'lia,
Intra-pelvio-trochantirien,  Sous-pubio-trochunti-
rien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the
pelvis.  It arises from  the inner  surface of the
obturator ligament, and from  the  posterior part
of the circumference of the  obturator foramen,
and is inserted, by  means of a strong tendon,
running between the two portions of the gemini,
into the cavity at the root  of the great  trochan-
ter ; after having turned upon the ischium, which
forms for it  a kind of pulley.  This muscle also
rotates the thigh outwards.
  Obturator Nerve, Sous-pubio-fimoral, (Ch.),
proceeds principally from the  2d and 3d lumbar
nerves.   It  descends into  the pelvis; gains the
obturator foramen; gives branches to  the  obtu-
rator muscles, and divides, behind the  adductor
primus  and pectinalis, into two branches; one
anterior, whose branches are  distributed to the
first two  adductors, gracilis,  and integuments;
the other, poaterior, distributing its ramifications
to the obturator externus and third adductor.
  Obturator Vein has, ordinarily, the same ar-
rangement as the artery. It is common, however,
to find it arising from the epigastric; whilst the
corresponding artery proceeds from the hypogas-
tric, and conversely.
  OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles.
  OBVOLVENTIA, Demulcents.
  OCA, Oxalis tuberosa.
   OCC^CATIO, Cascitas.
  OCCIP'ITAL,  Occipitalis.   That which be-
longs to  the occiput.
  Occipital Artery.   This arises from the pos-
terior part  of the external carotid, beneath the
parotid.  It proceeds backwards, passes between
the mastoid process  and the  transverse process
of the atlas; reaches the occipital  bone and di-
vides into two branches, which may  be called
ascending posterior and anterior, and are distri-
buted to the neighbouring muscles and ligaments. 
OCCIPITIUM                607                 OCLMUM
  Occip ital Bone, Os occip'itis seu occipit'ii seu
occipita'/t; Os aphano basildre, Os memo'ria, Os
nervo'sum, Oa basildre, Oa prora, Oapyx'idia seu
textum cra'iiii  seu lambdoi'dea seu lambda  seu
lauda seu pitppis seu nervo'aum seu fibro''aunt seu
petvicephal'icum, (F.)  Oa occipital, is situate at
the posterior and inferior part of the cranium,
which it assists in forming.   It is flat, symmetri-
cal, and  curved upon  itself.  It presents, 1. An
occipital  or poaterior  surface, which  is convex,
and has, upon the median line, the basilary sur-
face, the foramen magnum, through which passes
the spinal marrow with  its membranes and ves-
sels,—the external occipital crest, the externaPoc-
cipital protuberance ; and, at the sides, the upper
curved Une, large rough arched ridge or traneveree
arch or linea aeinicircularia, the lower curved Une,
the poaterior condyloid foaaa, the condylee tor the
articulation of this bone with the atlas; and the
anterior  condyloid foaaa, pierced by a foramen
for the passage of the ninth pair of nerves.  2. A
cerebral or anterior eurface.  On the median line
are: the baailary foaaa, the inner orifice of the
foramen magnum, the internal occipital creet, the
internal  occipital protuberance,  the cruciform
apine;  a channel, which lodges the termination
of the straight sinus, and on each side, the occi-
pital fossa distinguished into superior or cere-
bral, and inferior or cerebellous, and separated by
it groove which lodges the lateral sinus.  3.  The
 surfaces of  the occipital  bone are separated by
four ridges  and four angles.   The two  superior
edges are articulated with the parietal  bones ; the
two lower join  the  temporal; and the anterior
angle, under the name basilary process, is united
to the sphenoid.
   The  occipital  bone is  developed   from  four
points  of ossification;  and sometimes from a
greater number.
   Occipital Muscle, Occipitalis.   Many ana-
tomists  have given this name to the posterior
fasciculus of the occipito-frontalis.
   Occipital  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  (F.)
Premiire paire trachelienne (Ch.), Nerf occipital
ou sous occipital.  It arises  from  the upper part
of the spinal marrow by eight or ten filaments,
united  in two fasciculi.  Thus formed, it passes
between the foramen magnum and the posterior
arch of the atlas ;  and, at this place, forms a long
ganglion, afterwards dividing into two branches.
Of these, the anterior, which is long and  small,
makes a turn above  the transverse process of the
atlas, and  forms  an anastomotic noose with a
branch of the second cerVical nerve.   The poate-
rior branch, larger and shorter, divides into seven
or eight  branches, which  are  distributed to the
muscles of the upper and back part of the neck.
   Occipital Region, Occiput.
   Occipital Vein.  Its roots  follow  exactly the
course of the branches of the artery, and unite
into a single trunk, which opens into the internal
jugular vein, and sometimes into the external.
   OCCIPITIUM, Occiput.
   OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID, Occipito - atldideua,
(¥.) Occipito-atlo'idien.  That which has refer-
ence to the occiput and atlas.
   Occipito-Atloid Articulation.is  the articu-
lation of the condyles of the occipital bone with
the superior articular cavities of the atlas.  It is
strengthened by two ligaments; the one anterior,
the other poaterior, called occipito-atloid  liga-
menta :  the  one extends from the anterior, the
other from the posterior, arch of the atlas, to the
corresponding portion of the circumference of the
foramen magnum.
   OCCIPTTO-AX'OID,  Occipito-axdideua, (F.)
Occipito-oxo'idien.   That which  relates to the
occipital bone and the axis or second  vertebra.
  Occipito-axoid  Articulation is the connex-
ion of the occipital  bone with the axis or second
vertebra, although these bones are not really ar-
ticulated, but are merely retained in  apposition
by three strong ligaments, the posterior of which
is  called the occipito-axoid, and the  two others
odontoid.
  OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS, Digae'tricus cra'-
nii, Epicra'nius,  Fronta'lia et  occipitalia.   The
majority of anatomists  call by this  name  the
whole of the fleshy plane, with  the epicranial or '
coronal aponeurosis, (see Calotte,) whieh  covers
the head from the occiput to the forehead.  It is
attached, by its posterior fasciculus, to the two
outer thirds of the upper curved line of the occi-
pital bone, and to the outer surface of the mas-
toid portion of the temporal; and, by its anterior
fasciculus,  it terminates at  the eyebrow, where it
becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyra-
midalis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum.
   The occipito-frontalis,  by the contraction of its
anterior fasciculus, draws  forward a part of the
integuments of the cranium.   It wrinkles  the
skin of the forehead transversely, and may, also
contribute to open the eye by its decussation with
the orbicularis  palpebrarum.   The posterior fas-
ciculus of the muscle draws backwards a part of
the skin of the cranium,  and assists in stretching
the common aponeurosis.
   OCCIPTTO-MENINGE'AL.  That which bo-
longs to the occipital bone, and to the meninge
or dura mater.
   Occipito-meningeal Arteky, in Chaussier's
nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given
off to  the  dura mater at  its entrance into  the
cranium.
   OCCIPUT, Occipit'ium, Regio occipita'lia, In'
ion, from ob, and caput, Opisthocra'nium, Opis-
thoceph'alon, Prora, Occipi'tium.  The back part
of the head, formed by the occipital bone.       '
   Occiput, Soft, Craniotabes.
   OCCLU'SION,  Occlu'sio, Myce, from occlu-
dere, ' to shut up.'   Sometimes this word signi-
fies, simply, the transient  approximation of the
edges of a natural opening—the occlusion of the
eyelids, for example; at  others it is synonymous
with  imperforation, as  occlusion  of the pupil,
vagina, &c.
   OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent.
   OCHEMA, Vehicle.
   OCHETEUMATA, Nares.
   OCHETOS, Canal.
   OCHEUS, Scrotum.
   OCHLE'SIS, from o^Xof, 'a crowd.'  A term,
applied by Dr. George Gregory to a morbid con-
dition  induced by the  crowding together of sick
persons under one roof.
   OCHREA RUBRA, Haematites.
   OCHRIASIS, Paleness.
   OCHROMA, Paleness.
   OCHROPYRA, Fever, yellow.
   OCHROTES, Paleness.
   OCIIBOTYPIIUS, Fever, yellow.
   OCHTHODES, Callous.
   OCIMUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicum.
   Oci'mum  Basil'icum, 0. adacen'dena sen pilo'-
8i(7?i seu  racemo'aum,  Baail'icum,  Beren'daros,
Baail'icum majua, B. citrdtum, Oci'mum citrdtum,
Common or Citron baail,  (F.)  Baailic commun.
A'at. Ord. Labiatas.  Sex. Syat. Didynamia Gyin-
nospermia.  This herb has a fragrant odour and
aromatic taste.  It is  used as a condiment, am
has been supposed to possess nervine properties.
   Ocimum Cahvophvlla'tum,  0.  inidimum,
Small or Buah basil.  Possesses properties similar
to the former.  It is sometimes used as snuff.
   Ocimum  Citratum, 0. Basilicum—o. Pilosum,
0. Basilicum—o. Racemosum,  0. Basilicum. 
                   OCOTEA                 61

  OCOTEA PICHURIN,'see Pichurim beans.
  OCREA, Hippocampus minor, Shin.
  OCTA'NA, Hebdomaddria, Febris hebdoma-
ddria, from octo, 'eight.'  A fever whose parox-
ysms recur every week.   A supposititious ease.
  OCTA'RIUS.   The eighth part of a wine-gal-
gallon.  It contains sixteen fluidounces, (Ph. U.
S.)  to 20 fluidounces imperial measure.
  OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages.
  OCTUNX.  A weight of eight ounces.
  OC'ULAll, Oculdris; from oculus, 'an eye.'
Of  or belonging  to the eye.
  Ocular  Cone.  The  cone formed within the
eye by a pencil of rays proceeding from  an ob-
ject; the base of the  cone being on the cornea,
—the apex on the retina.
  OCULARES COMMUNES, Motores oculorum
—o. Dentes, Canine teeth.
  OCULARIA, Euphrasia, officinalis.
  OCULI  MARMARYGODES,  Metamorphop-
sia  — o. Palpebrarum scabies pruriginosa, Oph-
thalmia'tarsi.
  OCULIST, Oculis'ta,  Ophthalmia'tcr,Medicua
oculdriua.   One  who occupies  himself, chiefly,
with the management of diseases of the eye.
  OCULIST1QUE, Ophthalmology.
  OCULO-MUSCULAR  NERVES, COMMON,
Motores oculorum.
  OCULUM MOVENS  PRIMUS, Rectus inter-
nus oculi — o. Movens quartus,  Rectus inferior
oculi—o. Movens secundus, Rectus externus oculi
—o. Movens tertius, Rectus superior oculi.
  OCULUS,  Eye—o. Bovinus,  Hydrophthalmia
— o. Bovis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum—o.
Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia—o. Cassius, Glaucoma
— o. Duplex, Binoculus — o.  Elephantinus, Hy-
drophthalmia— o. Genu, Patella—o. Lacrymans,
Epiphora — o. Purulentus, Hypopyon — o. Sim-
plex, see Monoculus—o.  Typhonis, Scilla.
  OCYMUM, see Ocimum — o. Sylvestre, Clino-
podium  vulgare.
  OCYODYNIC, Ocytocic.
  OCYPH'ONUS, from  okvc, 'quick,' and tpovoc,
' murder.'  An agent that kills speedily.
  OCYTOCEUS, Ocytocic.
  OCYTOCIC, Oxytocic,  Ocytoc'eua, Ocytoc'iua,
Ocyt'ocus,  Ocyody'nic, Odinago'gua,  from  o%vc,
'quick/ and tokos, 'labour.'  Any thing that ex-
pedites parturition.
  OCYTOCIUS,  Ocytocic.
  OCYTOCUS, Ocytocic.
  ODAXIS'MUS,  Odaxea'mua, Odontocne'aia,
Odontocneamua, from oiovc, 'a tooth.'  The pain-
ful  itching  of the gums  which precedes the ap-
pearance of the teeth.  Dentition.
  ODES.   A suffix, see Eidos.
  ODEUR, Odour.
  ODIN, Pains,  (labour.)
  ODINAGOGUS, Ocytocic.
  ODINOL'YSIS, from  o&iv, 'labour pains/ and
Xvois, ' solution.'   Mitigation of  labour pains.
  ODINOPGE'A,  from oSiv,  'labour pains,' and
voica, 'I make.'   Agents that encourage labour
pains.
  ODIS. Pains, labour.
  ODME, Odour.
  ODONTAGOGON, Dentagra.
  ODON'TAGRA, from  oiovc, 'a tooth,' and aypa,
' a  seizure.'   A rheumatic or gouty pain in the
teeth.  Dentagra.
  ODONTAL'GIA, from oSovg, 'a tooth,' and
ahyoc, ' pain.'  Odon'tia,  Den'tium dolor, Tooth-
ach, Odon'tia doloro'aa,  Goinphi'asis, Gomphias'-
tr.us, Odontodyn'ia, (F.) Doulcur dea denta, Flux-
ion aur  lea dents, Mal de dent, Mal d'arnour.  A
disease dependent upon a variety of causes affect-
8             ODONTOLITHOS

ing the cavity of the tooth ; but generally owing
to caries, which exposes the cavity to the action
of the air, and to extraneous matters in general.
Hence, the  treatment  consists  in  plugging the
tooth, or destroying the sensibility of the nerve,
by powerful stimulants; and, if these means fail,
in extracting the tooth.
   Odontalgia Cariosa,  Dental gangrene — o.
Dentitionis,  Dentition — o. Hasmodia, Hasmodia.
   Odontalgia Nervosa, Neural'gia Denta'lia.
Neuralgia of  the  teeth.  Characterized by pe-
riodical pain,  shooting with the utmost violence
along the branches of the fifth pair distributed to
the^affected  jaw.
   Odontalgia Remittens  et Intermittens,
Neuralgia infra-orbitaria.
   ODONTALGIC, Anti-odontalgic.
   ODONTAMBLYOGMUS, Hasmodia.
   ODONTHiEMODIA, Hasmodia.
   ODONTHARPAGA, Dentagra.
   ODONTHYPERiESTIIESIS, Hasmodia.
   ODONTIA, Odontalgia.
   Odontia Defor'mis.  Deformity of the teeth
from  error or shape, position, or number.—Good.
   Odontia Dentitionis Lactantium, see Denti-
tion (first)—o. Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition
(second) — o.  Edentula, see Nefrendes — o. Ex-
crescens, Epulis — o. Incrustans, Odontolithos —
o. Stuporis,  Hasmodia.
   ODONTIASIS, Dentition.
   ODONTIATER, Dentist.
   ODONTIATRIA, Dentistry.
   ODONTIC,  Anti-odontalgic.
   ODONTI'TIS,  Odontophleg'mone,  from  oiovc,
'a tooth,' and itia, denoting  inflammation.   In-
flammation of the teeth.
   ODONTOBOTHRITIS, Odontophatni'tia, In-
 flamma'tio  alveolo'rum,  from  odontobothrium,
'alveolus,' and itia, denoting inflammation.   In-
flammation  of the alveoli.
   ODONTOBOTHRIUM, Alveolus.
   ODONTOCLA'SIS,  from oiovc, 'a tooth,'and
kXuoic, 'fracture;' Fractu'ra  den'tia.  Fracture
of a tooth.
   ODONTOCNESIS, Odaxismus.
   ODONTOCNESMUS, Odaxismus.
   ODONTODES, Odontoid.
   ODONTODYNIA, Odontalgia.
   ODONTOG"ENY,  Odontogen'ia;  from oiovc,
ooovroc. 'a tooth,' and  yevcats, 'generation.'   Ge-
neration  or mode of development of the teeth.
   ODONTOGLYPHON, Dentiscalpium,  Gum
lancet.                ,
   ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Dentiscalpium,   Gum
lancet.
   ODONTOG'RAPHY,  Odontograph'ia,  from
oiovg,  ' a tooth,' and  ypatprj,  ' a description.'  A
description of the teeth.
   ODON'TOID, Odontoi'dee, Odonto'dea, Denti-
form'ia, Denta'lia,  Dentoidcua, Pyreno'i'dea,  from
oiovc,  'a tooth/ and £«5o?, 'shape,' 'resemblance.'
This  epithet is given to the Proceaaua dentatua of
the second vertebra or axis.
   Odontoid  Lig'aments, (F.)  Ligamenta odon-
toidiena,  are two strong and  short conical  fasci-
culi, whose  truncated summits embrace the sides
of the odontoid process, and whose bases are fixed
in the fossas at the inner side of the condyles of
the occipital bone.   Their direction is obliquely
outwards and slightly upwards.  They enter into
the  composition  of  the  occipito-axoid articula-
 tion;  strengthen the junction of the head with
 the vertebral column, and limit the movement of
 rotation  of the atlas on the axis.
   ODONTOL'ITUOS, from oiovc, 'a tooth,'and
 Xi%s, 'a stone.'  A sort of incrustation, of a yel-
 lowish colour, which  forms  at the base of  the
 teeth, and  is  called  Tartar,  Tur'tarus Dentium, 
               ODONTOLOGY

Odon'tia  inertia'tana,  Cal'culus  denta'lia, (F.)
Tmtre dea Denta.   It consists of seventy-nine
parts of phosphate of lime; twelve and a half of
mucus;  one of a particular salivary matter, and
seven and a half of animal substance, soluble in
chlorohydric  acid.   Infusoria have been found
in it.
  ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontolog"ia, from oiovc, 'a
tooth,' and Xoyoi, ' a discourse.'   An anatomical
treatise  of the teeth.   '
  ODONTONECROSIS, Dental gangrene.
  ODONTOPARALLAXIS, from oiovc, 'a tooth,'
and vapaXXa^ts, 'deviation.'  Irregularity and ob-
liquity of the teeth.
  ODONTOPHATNE, Alveolus.
  ODOXTOPHATNITIS, Odontobothritis.
  ODONTOPHYIA, Dentition.
  ODONTOPRISIS, Brygmus, Stridor dentium.
  ODONTOSEI'SIS,  Odontoeeie'mus,  Den'tium
raciilan'tia.   Looseness  of the teeth.
  ODOXTOSE1SMUS, Odontoseisis.
  ODONTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice.
  ODOXTOSl'HACELISIS, Dental gangrene.
  ODONTOSPHACELISMUS, Dental gangrene.
  ODONTOSTERE'SIS, from oiovc, 'a tooth/
aud orcpnats,  'privation.'  Loss of the teeth.
  ODONTOSYNERISMUS, from oiovc, 'a tooth/
and awtpi^civ, 'to strike  together.'  (F.) Claque-
inent.  Chattering of the teeth.
  ODONTOTECIINY, Dentistry.
  ODONTOTHERAPIA, Dentistry.
  ODOXTOTRIMMA, Dentifrice.
  ODORAMENTUM,  Odoriferum.
  ODOR AT, Olfaction.
  ODORATIO, Olfaction.
  ODORATUS, Olfaction—o. Deperditus, Anos-
mia.
  ODORIF'ERUM,  from odor, 'odour,' and fero,
'I carry;' Odoramen'tum.  A medicine that gives
odour or flavour.   A scent.   A perfume.
  ODOS, Way.
  O'DOUR, Ocfor, Odme, Oame, (F.) Odeur.   A
smell.   Odours are  subtle  particles,  constantly
escaping  from the  surface  of  certain  bodies.
They act,  in  some  manner, by  actual  contact
with the nerves of the Schneiderian membrane,
and give occasion to the sense of smell or olfac-
tion.
  ODOUS^ Teeth.
  OD'YNE, oivvrj, 'pain,' Dolor, Odyne'ma.   A
very common  suffix to  words; as  in Pleurodyne.
  ODYNEMA, Odyne.
  CECONOMIA, Economy —oe. Apimalis,  Phy-
siology.
  CEDALICUS, Edematous.
  (EDALIUS, CEdematous.
  (EDE'MA,  from oiicui, 'I am  swollen.'  Hy-
dron'cua, QSdemat'ia, Hyderon'cua, Hydaton'cua,
Hydrooede'ma, Hydrede'ma,  Hydropa cellula'ria
ar'tuum, Phlegma'tia, Leucophlegmdtia, Ecphy'-
mi cedeinat'icum, (F.) QSdime, CEdimatie, Enflure.
Swelling produced by the accumulation of a se-
rous fluid in the interstices of the  areolar texture.
This swelling is  soft;  yields under the finger;
preserves the impression for some time, and  is
pale and without pain.   It presents  the  same
characters as anasarca, which is general oedema.
Its etiology  and  treatment  are  also the same.
See Anasarca.
  (Edema Acutum, see Anasarca.
  (Edema Arsenica'lis.  The swelling of the
eyelids and face, induced by continued use of the
preparations of arsenic.
  (Edema Calidum, see Anasarca — oe. Capitis,
Hydrocephalus externus.
  (Ede'ma Cer'ebri,  (F.)  QSdeme du cerveau.
(Edema of the brain. A condition of the cerebral
      39
)                  CEILLET

pulp, in which  there is an infiltration of serous
fluid into it, so that it appears more moist or wa-
tery than  common; and, when  sliced or pressed,
small drops of water are seen to ooze out.
   (Edema, Compact,  Induration of the  cellular
tissue — oe. Cruentum,  Suggillation— oe. Febrile,
see  Anasarca — oe. Fugax, Anathymiasis — oe.
Hystericum, Anathymiasis.
   (Edema  of the Glottis, OSdem'atoua Laryn-
qi'tia,  L.  aubmuco'aa  seu cedemato'aa  seu  eero-
purulen'ta, OSde'ma glot'tidia, Hydropa glot'tidia,
Angi'na aquo'aa, A. larynge'a cedemato'aa,  Sub-
mu'coua Laryngi'tia,  OSdem'atoua angi'na,  (F.J
Laryngite  ccdimateuae, L. cedemateuae et airo-pu-
rulente, L. auaglottique, L. sous-muqueuse, Angine
laryngie  cedimateuae,  QSdeme  de  la glotte.   A
disease consisting of serous or  sero-purulent in-
filtration into the submucous tissue of the glottis.
The symptoms resemble those of croup ; but the
disease attacks the adult rather than  the child.
The age is, indeed, a principal means of diagnosis
between the two affections.
   The disease is almost always  fatal.   The treat-
ment has  to vary according to the accompanying
general symptoms.
   (Edema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens.
   (Edema of the Lungs,  (Ede'ma pulmo'num,
Pneumoch'yaia, Piieunionoede'ma, Hydrops  Pul-
mo'num, Hydropneumo'nia, Anasar'ca Pulmo'-
num, (F.) QSdeme  du  poumon.   Laennec has  so
called the infiltration of serum into the tissue  of
the lung, carried to such an extent as to diminish
its permeability to air.   It is not  an uncommon
sequela of  pneumonia, and the major exanthe-
mata.   The respiration is laborious; the respira-
tory murmur scarcely perceptible, although the
thorax is  largely expanded, and there is a slight
rule crepitant, particularly at the base and infe-
rior part of the lung.   The sound on percussion
is clear, and on both sides equally so.  The cough
is attended with aqueous expectoration.  In  some
cases  the respiration  becomes  puerile in a small
portion of the summit of the lung.
   G^dema Neonatorum, Induration of the cellu-
lar tissue — oe.  Palpebrarum, Hydroblepharon —
as. Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens—oe. Pulmo-
num, (Edema of the lungs — oe. Pulmonum chro-
nicum, Hydropneumonia — oe.  Scroti  aquosum,
Oschydrosdemn—ce. Scroti cruentum, (Eschaema-
toedema—oe. Scroti purulentum, Oscheopyoedema
'■—oe.  Scroti urinosum, Urocele — ce. Spasticum,
Anathymiasis — oe. Uvulae, Staphyloedema.
   CEDEMATIA, (Edema.
   OSDEMATIE,  (Edema.
   (EDEMATOSARCA, (Edemosarca.
   (EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,  GSdemoecheoce'le,
Oscheocele oedemat'ica.  Oscheocele with oedema
of the scrotum.
   (EDEMATOUS, OSdemato'sus,  QSdemat'icue,
GSdemaio'des, QSdal'iua, QSdaVicua, Edem'atous.
Affected with oedema.
   OSDEME, CEdema — oe. du  Cerveau,  CEdema
cerebri — ce. Douloureux dea femmea en couche,
Phlegmatia dolens—ce. dea Nonvclles accouchiea,
Phlegmatia dolens — oe. actif dea Nouvellea ac-
couchiea,  Phlegmatia  dolens — ce. de  la Glotte,
(Edema of the  glottis — ce.  de  la  Glotte, Angina
cedematosa — ce. du Tiaau cellulaire dea nouveau-
nis.  Induration of the cellular tissue.
   (EDEMOSAR'CA,  QSdematoaar'ea.  A species
of tumour mentioned by M. A.  Severinus, which
holds a middle place between oedema and sarcoma.
   (EDEMOSCHEOCELE, (Edematoscheocele.
   QS1L. Eye—ce. de Bceuf, Anthemis tinctoria—
ce. Double, Binoculus—ce. de Lievre, Lagophthal-
mus — oe. Simjile,  see  Monoculus.
   QSILLET GIRO FLEE, Dianthus caryophyl-
lus. 
(EILLIERE
610
CESTRUS
  (EILLIERE, Scaphium oculare.
  CENAN'THE,  OS. crocdta,  CE. charophyl'li
fo'liia, Hemlock  dropwort, Hemlock water-drop-
wort.   Nat.  Ord. Umbelliferas.   Sex. Syat.  Pen-
tandria Digynia.  A violent poison of the  acro-
narcotic class.  Its juice has been recommended
in certain cutaneous  diseases; but it is  scarcely
ever used.   It is employed in fomentations.
  (Enanthe Aquatica,  Phellandrium aquaticum
—ce. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum—oe.
Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum.
  (ENELiE'ON, from oivoy,  'wine,' and eXaiov,
' oil.'   A mixture of oil and wine.—Galen.   Also,
rectified spirit or alcohol.
  (ENOG'ALA, oivoyaXa, from  oivoj, ' wine/ and
yaXa,  ' milk,' — ' a  mixture of  wine and  milk.'
According to some,  wine as warm as new milk.
  (ENOG'ARON,  Garum  vino miatum.   Wine
mixed with  garum.—Aetius.
  (ENOIDES, Vinous.
  (ENOMA'NIA, Oinomdnia, from otvos, 'wine,'
and mania.   Delirium tremens.  Properly, wine-
mania.  An insatiable  desire   for intoxicating
liquors.
  QS'NOMEL, QSnom'eli, from oivoq, 'wine,' and
ucXi, ' honey.'  Mel  vino'eum, Mulaum  Vino'aum.
Honey wine.  Wine mead.
  CENOPHLYGIA,  Temulentia.
  CENOPHLYXIS,  Temulentia.
  (ENOS, Wine.
  CENOSTAGMA, Spiritus vini rectificatus.
  (ENOTHE'RA BIEN'NIS, OS. Mollia'aima seu
muricd ta seu gauroVdes, On'agra, Evening Prim-
rose,   Tree  Primrose, Primrose tree,   Cure-all,
Seabish.  An indigenous plant, common on  the
borders  of  fields, and in natural hedges.   Sex.
Syst. Octandria Monogynia.   Its properties  are
mucilaginous  and slightly  acrid.  A  decoction
has been used in  cases of  infantile and other
eruptions.
  (Enothera Gauroides, 0. biennis — oe.  Muri-
cata, 0. biennis.
  CESOPHAGE'AL,  QSsophaga'us, (F.)  QSso-
phagien.  Relating  or belonging to the oesopha-
gus.
  (Esophageal Ap'erture of  the Di'aphragm,
(F.) Ouverture cesophagienne du diaphragme.  An
opening in the diaphragm for the passage of the
oesophagus.
  (Esophageal Aperttjre of  the Stomach.  A
name  given to the superior or  cardiac  orifice of
the stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or
pyloric.
  (Esophageal Muscle,  QSsophaga'us.   Some
anatomists have given this name to the transverse
muscular fibres which  surround the oesophagus
at  its  upper extremity.
   (Esophageal Tube,  see Tube, oesophageal.
   (ESOPHAGEURYS'MA,  QSsoph'agus  succen-
turia'tus, from oiaotpayoc, 'the  oesophagus,'  and
cvpvapa, ' dilatation.' Dilatation of the oesopha-
gus-
   (ESOPHAGIALGIA, (Esophagismus.
   (ESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dysphagia constricta.
    (ESOPHAGIEN, (muscle,)  Constrictor oeso-
 phagi.
    (ESOVKAGIS'WUS^sophagis'mum. A name
 given by Vogel to spasm of the oesophagus, Dys-
 phagia  spasmod'ica, D.  Spaa'tica,  QSaophago-
 spasm'us, D. Nervo'sa,  Strictu'ra ocsoph'agi spas-
 mod'ica, QSsophagial'gia,  Tenes'inus  Gula,  (F.)
  Teneame de I'oeaophrege.  By some used synony-
 mously with oesophagitis,  dysphagiat  and con-
 traction of  the oesophagus.
    (ESOPHAGI'TIS,  Angi'na  ceaophaga'a,  Cy-
 nan'che ceaophaga'a, Dyaphdgia inflammato'ria,
Inflamma'tio  ceaoph'agi,  I.  Gula,  (F.) Angine
oeaophagienne.  Inflammation of the oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGODYN'IA,  from  oiaotpayoc,  'the
oesophagus,' and oivvi), ' pain.'   Pain in the  oeso-
phagus.
  CESOPHAGOPATHI'A,  Morbua OSaoph'agi,
from  otootpayos,  ' the  oesophagus,' and itaQoc,
' disease.'   A morbid condition  of  the oesopha-
gus.
  (ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Dyephdgia paralyt'-
ica, Lamoparaly'aia, from  oiaotpayoc,  ' the  oeso-
phagus,' and  irXoyn, ' & stroke.'   Paralysis of the
oesophagus.
  CESOPHAGORRHAG'TA, from oiaotpayos, 'the
oesophagus,' and payn, ' a rupture.'  Hemorrhage
from the oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGORRHCE'A  from  oiaofayoc,  'the
oesophagus,'  and pcu>, 'I flow.'   Discharge  of
blood or mucus from the oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGOSPASM'US, from oiaotpayoc, 'the
oesophagus/ and oiraapos, 'spasm.'  Spasm of the
oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGOT'OMY,  QSaophagotom'ia,  from
oiaotpayos, 'the  oesophagus/ and rcuvciv, 'to cut.'
An incision  made  into the oesophagus for the*
purpose of extracting foreign bodies from it.
  CESOPH'AGUS, from oiw, 'I carry,' and  tpayta,
'I eat;'  Gula, Fia'tula ciba'lia,  Via atom'achi  et
ventria, Fia'tula  vel Infundib'ulum  Ventric'uli,
Gluttua.   The  Gullet.  A  musculo-membranous
canal, cylindrical, and depressed from before  to
behind, which extends from the inferior extremity
of the pharynx to the upper orifice  of the sto-
mach.  At its origin, it is situate in  the median
line;  but, beneath the larynx, it deviates  to the
left, and in the chest experiences different inflec-
tions.   In its  cervical portion, it corresponds,
behind, with the spine;  before, with  the larynx
and trachea; and, at the  sides, it is  close  to the
primitive  carotids,  internal  jugular  veins, par
vagum, recurrent  nerves, <fec.   In its inferior  or
thoracic  portion, the oesophagus is entirely con-
tained in the posterior mediastinum; and  enters-
the abdomen through the oesophageal aperture-
of  the diaphragm.   The oesophagus is composed
of a very strong muscular layer, sometimes  called
 Tunica vagina'lie gula ; formed, itself, of two sets
of fibres, the external being general longitudinal,
the internal transverse or annular.  2. Of  a mu-
cous  membrane  which  is soft, fine, thin, and
white, especially at its lower part.  It is continu-
ous,  above,  with  the  mucous  membrane  of the
pharynx.  The mucous  follicles, found beneath
it,  are not numerous, and have been  called QSao-
phagedl glanda. ■ The arteries of the oesophagus
proceed, in the neck, from the  thyroid;   in  the
chest, from  the  bronchial arteries and directly
from  the aorta; — in the abdomen,  from the infe-
rior phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi.  Its veins
empty themselves into the inferior thyroid, the
vena cava superior, the internal mammary, azy-
gos, bronchial, phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi.
Its lymphatics pass into the ganglia  surrounding
it.  Its  nerves  are  afforded by the  pharyngeal
 and pulmonary plexuses; by  the cardiac nerves;
 the  thoracic ganglia, and,  especially, by  tho
 pneumogastrics and their recurrent branches.
   (Esophagus Succenturiatus, Pharyngoccle.
   (ESTROMANIA, Nymphomania.
   O:STRUATI0N, Orgasm, see Heat.
   (ESTRUM, Clitoris.
   CEstrum Ven'eris, Oestrum vene'reum,  OZstrus
 vene'reua; from otorpoc, ceatrua, 'a violent impulse
 or desire.'  A  vehement  desire fot sexual inter-
 course.   With  some, oeatrum signifies Clitoris.
   CESTRUS,  Clitoris —ce.  Venereus, CEstrum
 venereum. 
CESYPUS
611
OINTMENT
  CE'STPUS,  from 015, 'a  sheep,' and pviroc,
'dirt'  [?].   Tho  greasy matter  of  unwashed
wool; formcriy employed in  friction in diseased
joints.
  (EUFS. Ova.
  OFFICE,  PHYSICIAN'S  or SURGEON'S,
Iatrion.
  OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium.
  OFFICINAL,  Offlcindlia,  from officina, 'a
shop.'   An epithet for medicines found  in the
Bhop of the apothecary, ready prepared — uaud-
lin; in opposition to magistral or extemporaneous,
— those prepared after  the  prescription  of the
physician.
  OFFIUM, Affion, Opium.
  OFFSPRING, Epigone.
  OFFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
  OGLA, Oogala.
   OGNON, a Corn—o. Marin, Scilla.
  OIII'O, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   Yellow
 Spring is a chalybeate, situate in Greene county,
 64  miles from Cincinnati.  It is somewhat fre-
 quented.
   OIDIUM ABORTIFACIENS, see Ergot.
   OIE, Sorbus domestica.
   OIGNON, Allium cepa.
   OIL, O'leum, Ela'on,  (F.) Huile; from cXata,
 ' the olive.'  A collective name, under which two
 classes of fluids are included, very different from
 each other: those belonging  to the one class, are
 viscid,  mawkish or almost insipid; those of the
 other  are nearly devoid of Viscidity,  and  are
 caustic and very volatile.  The former are called
 fat or fixed oils;  the latter  volatile or essential
 oils, or essences.
   Oil of Almonds, Oleum amygdalarum — o. of
 Amber, rectified, see Succinum—o. Animal, Oleum
 animale—0. Animal,  of Dippel, Oleum animale
 Dippelii — 0. of Bay,  Daphnelaeon—o. of Bays,
 Oleum  laurinum — 0.  and Beeswax, Unguentum
 cer8e — o. of Benjamin or Benzoin, Oleum benzo-
 ini—o. Benne,  see Sesamum  orientale.
   Oil, British.  An  empirical preparation often
 nsed in cases of sprains.
   A committee of the Philadelphia  College  of
 Pharmacy recommend the following form for its
 preparation. — Ol. Terebinth., Ol. Lini. usitatiea.
 aa. fgiij, Ol. Succini., Of. Juniper, aa. fgiv, Pe-
 trol. Barbadena. f^iij, Petrol. American. (Seneca
 Oil,)il'].  M.
   Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao—o. of  the Ca-
 shew nut, see Anacardium occidentale—o. Castor,
 see Ricinus  communis — 0.  of Chabert, Oleum
 animale empyreumaticum Chaberti—o. of Cinna-
 mon,  see  Laurus cinnamomum — o. of  Cloves,
 Eugenia caryophyllata—o. Cod, 0. Jecoris aselli
 0. Codliver, 0. Jecoris aselli—o. of Copaiba, Oleum
 Copaibas — 0. of Cubebs, see  Piper cubeba—0. of
 Cypress, Cvprinum oleum — o. of Dill, see Ane-
 thum  graveolens — 0. Dippel's, Oleum  animale
 Dippelii —0. of Egg, see Ovum —0.  Ethereal,
 Oleum iEthereuin — o. Flaxseed,  see Linum usi-
 tatissimum.
   Oil, Fusel, Al'cohol amyl'icum, (Ph. D.) Fouael
 oil, Potdto oil. An acrid volatile oil, formed in the
 manufacture of potato brandy,  and which is not
 easily separable from it.  Its chemical constitu-
 tion is analogous  to  that of alcohol.   It exhales
 a powerful and peculiarly suffocating odour.   S.
 g.  .818.  In small closes it is highly stimulating,
 — acting  like  narcotics in  general.  In large
 doses it.destroys  the  mucous membranes of  the
 stomach.
    Oil,  Haeklem.    An empirical  preparation
 supposed  to consist chiefly of petroleum, turpen-
 tine, and balsam of sulphur.  Used internally m
 renal  and rheumatic affections.
    Oil, Krumiiolz, see Pinus mughos—0. of Le-
mons, see Citrus medica—0.  Lily,  see Lilium
candidum — 0. of  Mucilages,  Oleum  e  mucila-
ginibus—o.  Neatsfoot, Oleum bubulum—o. of
Nicodemus,  Nicodemi oleum — o. Nut,  Juglans
cinerea — o.  of  Nutmegs,  see Myristica mos-
chata— 0. Olive,  Oleum  olivas — o. Palm,  see
Cocos butyracea—0. Paper,  Pyrothonide —0.
of Pennyroyal,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioides — o.
of Pike, Oleum lucii piscis — 0. Rock, Petro-
lasum — o. Potato,  Oil, Fusel —0. Rag, Pyrotho-
nide— 0. Rayliver, see Oleum  Jecoris aselli — o.
of Roses, see Rosa  centifolia—o. of Rue, Pegane-
lason, see Ruta—o. of Spike, Oleum terebinthinas
—0. of St. John's Wort, see Hypericum perfora-
tum—o. Salad, Oleum olivas—0. of Scorpion, sea
Scorpion — o. Sulphuretted, Balsamum  sulphuris
simplex — 0. of Tartar, Liquor potassas subcar-
bonatis— 0. of  Tobacco,  Oleum  tabaci — 0. of
Turpentine,  Oleum terebinthinas — o. of Turpen-
tine, rectified, Oleum terebinthinas rectificatum—
0. of Valerian, Oleum Valerianae —o. of Vitriol,
Sulphuric acid—o. of Wine, Oleum asthereum.
  Oils, Animal, Olea animalia—o. Distilled,  Olea
volatilia—o. Empyreumatic, Olea empyreumatica
— o. Essential, Olea volatilia—o. Ethereal,  Olea
volatilia—0. Expressed, Olea fixa—o. Fatty,  Olea
fixa—0. Fixed, Olea fixa—o. Fugacious, Olea fu-
gacia—o. Medicinal, Olea medicinalia—o. Vola-
tile, Olea volatilia.
  OILY, Oleaginous—0. Grain, Sesamum orient-
ale.
  OINOMANIA, (Enomania.
  OINTMENT, Unguentum — 0. of Antimony,
tartarized, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati.
  Ointment, Arsen'ical,  of  Sir Aatley Cooper.
This is  made of arsenious acid gj ; sulphur, £j ;
spermaceti cerate, ^j.  It is spread on  lint, and
applied  to cancerous sores.
  Ointment, Basilicon, Unguentum resinas — o.
Bay,  Unguentum  laurinum — o.  of  Belladonna,
Unguentum  belladonnas — o.  Blister,  Cerate of
cantharides — o.  Blistering,  green,  Unguentum
lyttas medicatum—o.  Blistering, milder, Unguen-
tum lyttas — o. Blistering, yellow,  Unguentum
lyttas medicatum  aliud — o.  Blue,  Unguentum
hydrargyri — o. Citrine, Unguentum  hydrargyri
nitratis — o. of Creasote, Unguentum creasoti —
0.  Cyrillo's,  Unguentum muriatis  hydrargyri
oxygenati medicatum—o. Digestive,  simple,  Un-
guentum  digestivum  simplex — 0.  Edinburgh,
see  Unguentum veratri — o. Elder,  Unguentum
sambuci — o. of Elemi, Unguentum  elemi  com-
positum— o. for  the Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see
 Ceratum  resinas — o.  Golden, Unguentum  hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxidi — 0. Golden,  Singleton's,
 see  Singleton's  golden ointment —0. Goulard's,
 Ceratum plumbi compositum—0. Green, Unguen-
 tum  sambuci — 0. Hellebore  white, Unguentum
 veratri— o.  of Iodide  of potassium, Unguen-
 tum  potassas hydriodatis — o. of Iodide  of Sul-
 phur, Unguentum sulphuris iodidi—0. of  Iodine,
 Unguentum Iodini—o. of Iodine, compound, Un-
 guentum iodini compositum — o. Itch, Unguen-
 tum sulphuris compositum — 0. Itch, Bateman's,
 see Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad sca-
 biem— o. Itch, Bailey's, see Unguentum  sul-
 phuratum  ad  scabiem —1- 0.  Itch,  Helmerick's,
 Unguentum sulphuratum  alcalinum ad scabiem
 __o. Issue, Dr. Physick's, see Unguentum  lyttas
 medicatum  aliud — o. of white  oxide of Lead,
 Unguentum  oxidi plumbi albi — 0.  of  Eydia,
 Bacaris — o.  Marshmallow,  Unguentum  de Al-
 thsesl—o. Mercurial,  Unguentum hydrargyri—o.
 of nitrate  of Mercury,  Unguentum hydrargyri
 nitratis — o. of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguen-
 tum oxidi hydrargyri  cinerei —0. of nitric  oxyd
 of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi
 — 0. of Nitrous acid, Unguentum acidi nitrosi — 
                OIOCALYMMA              61

o. Plunkett's, for cancer, Plunkett's ointment—o.
red Precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydi— o. of white Precipitate, Unguentum hy-
drargyri prascipitati  albi — o.  Resin,  Ceratum
resinas flavas — o. Resin, black, Unguentum re-
rinas nigrae — o.  of Rosewater, Unguentum aquas
rosas — o. Soldier's, Martiatum  unguentum — o.
of  Spanish  flies,  Cerate of  Cantharides, Un-
guentum lyttas — o. Spermaceti, Unguentum ce-
tacei— o. of Stramonium, Unguentum stramonii
— o. of Subacetate of copper, Unguentum sub-
acetatis cupri — o. of  Sugar of lead, Unguentum
plumbi  superacetatis — o. Sulphur,  Unguentum
sulphuris — o. Sulphur, compound,  Unguentum
sulphuris  compositum—o. Tar, Unguentum picis
liquidas — o. Tobacco,  Unguentum  Tabaci — o.
Tutty, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri—o. Verdi-
gris, Unguentum subacetatis  cupri—o. Wax, Un-
guentum  ceras — o.  White,  Unguentum  oxidi
plumbi albi—o. Zinc, Unguentum zinci—o. of im-
pure oxide of Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri.
  OIOCALYM'MA,  Oiocalyp'trum;  from wtov,
' egg,'  and  koXvittciv,  ' to  cover;' Membra'na
O'vuli corticdlia.   The membrane of the egg-
shell.
  OLD AGE, Senectus.
  OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
  OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron.
  OLEA ANIMA'LIA, Animal oila, (F.) Huilea
animates.  A name given to fixed oils holding in
solution the mucilaginous and  gelatinous princi-
ples of  certain  animals, as the Oil of frogs, Oil
of  scorpions,  Oil  of spiders,  &c.   Sometimes,
also, the term animal oils is given to  empyreu-
matic oils, produced during the decomposition of
animal substances by heat.
  Olea Destillata,  0. volatilia.
  Olea  Empyreumat'ica,  Empyreumat'ic oila,
(F.) Huilea  empyreumatiquea.  Oils which have
an empyreumatic or burnt smell.  They are ob-
tained by treating vegetable or animal matters by
heat, in close vessels.  Theyvdo not exist in or-
ganized  bodies,  but are  formed during their de-
composition by fire.   The animal oil of Dippel is
an empyreumatic oil.
  Olea Europ^e'a, 0. eati'va seu lancifo'lia seu
piolymor'pha seu  Gall'ica,  Oli'va,  Olive  tree,
cXata, Ela'a, (F.) Olivier, (Fruit) Olive.  Nat.
Ord.  Jasmineas.  Sex.  Syat. Diandria Monogy-
nia.  The leaves of the olive are bitter,  and an
extract prepared  from them,  and  a  substance
called olivi'na, the bitter principle of the  leaves,
have been given in Italy as  antiperiodies.  The
fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some
stomachs.   01ives{ as met with in the  shops, are
prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly
steeped in water.  To  this,  some  quicklime  or
alkaline salt is  added,  and, afterwards, they are
washed and preserved in a pickle of common salt
and water.  From this fruit is prepared the Olive
oil or Salad oil of the Pharmacopoeias, which is
obtained by grinding and  pressing the  olives,
when thoroughly ripe.  The finer and purer oil
issues  first  by gentle pressure, and the inferior
sort on heating what is  left, and pressing it more
strongly.  See  Oleum Olivae.   In Calabria,  an
odorous  resin exudes from  its trunk, which is
employed as a perfume  by the Neapolitans.
  A gum flows from certain wild olives, in warm
countries, whieh consists, according to Pelletier,
of a -resin,  a little benzoic acid, and a peculiar
substance, called Olivile.  It is in yellow masses,
of a slightly acrid taste, and of a vanilla smell.
It is called  Olea gummi, 0. reei'na, and 0. bala'-
amum, (F.) Gomme olivier, and is esteemed astrin-
gent and detersive.
  Olea  Fixa  vel  Pin'guia,  Expr-eised oila,
Fixed oils, Fatty oils, (F.) Huilea fixea on grasses.
2               OLECRANON

 All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps
 of vegetables, without distillation, and which are
 viscid,  but slightly  odorous aud  sapid; lighter
 than water, and insoluble in alcohol.  The ran-
 cidity  of oils  depends on the absorption of oxy-
 gen, and therefore  they should  be kept in bulk
 as much as possible; and in narrow-necked bot-
 tles, so that a very small surface only can be ex-
 posed  to the air.  All the fixed oils are emollient,
 and, in a certain dose, they act as purgatives and
 emetics.  They are prepared by  expressing tho
 fruit or seed containing them.
   Olea Fuga'cia, Fuga'cions  oils,  (F.) Huilea
 fugacea.  A name given to oils  which are so vo-
 latile that, in  order to obtain them, recourse must
 be had to a different process from that employed
 for other essential oils.   Such are the oils of jes-
 samine, lily, violet, &c.
   Olea Gallica, 0. Europasa—o. Lancifolia, 0.
 Europasa.
   Olea Medicina'lia,  Medic"inal oila,  (F.)
 Huilea Medicinalea.   A name given  to oils pre-
 pared  by macerating, infusing,  or boiling  medi-
 cinal substances in  olive or any other fixed oils.
 These oils may then be regarded as oily solutions
 of  certain medicinal substances;  whence  they
 can never be simple.   They have, however, been
 divided into aimple and compound medicinal oila.
 To the former belong the t9i7s of St. John'a wort, of
 the Solanum nigrum,&c.; to the other—which have
 often been called Oily balaama,  (F.) Baumea hui-
 leux—the Bahama of Fioraventi, Metz,  &c.  Me-
 dicinal oils are, almost always, employed exter-
 nally.
   Olea Polymorpha, 0. Europasa,—o. Sativa, 0.
 Europasa.
   Olea Volatil'ia,  Olea deetilldta,   Vol'atiU
 oila, jEthero'lea,  Ethe'real  oila,  Eaaential oila,
 Diatil'led oila, Ea'aencea, (F.) Huilea volatilea,  IL
 eaaentiellea.  Oils found in aromatic vegetables,
 and in  every part of them,  except in the interior
 of the seeds.   The majority are obtained by dis-
 tillation ;  but some by expression.  They possess
 unctuosity, inflammability, and  viscidity, like the
 fixed oils;  but they are  generally  odoriferous,
 pungent, and acrid.   The greater part are lighter
 than water;  but some  are heavier, and congeal
 at a  moderate temperature.   They  dissolve, in
 small quantity, in distilled water, by simple agi-
 tation. Almost all  are  soluble in alcohol.  The
 odour and taste are the usual tests of their good-
 ness.   To  preserve them, they should be kept in
 a cool place, in small bottles, quite full  and well
 corked. Volatile oils are possessed of  the aro-
 matic  properties of  the  plants  whence  they are
 obtained.  They are all, when applied externally,
 stimulant and rubefacient.
   OLEAG"INOUS, Oleagino'aua, Oleo'eus.  Oily;
 containing oil, — as 'an oleaginous or  oily mix-
 ture.'
   OLEA'MEN,  Oleamen'tum.   Any soft  oint-
 ment prepared of oil.— Scribonius.
   OLEANDER, Rhododendron chrysanthemum.
   OLECRANARTHRI'TIS, from oiXtKpavov, 'the
 olecranon,' apBpov, 'joint,' and  itis, denoting  in-
 flammation.   Inflammation  of the elbow joint.
   OLECRANOID  CAVITY, see Ulna.
   OLECRANON, Olecra'non, Olec'ranum, Olec-
 ranon mob'He; from  toXcvn, ' the elbow,' and icpa-
 vov, 'the head.'  Acrole'nion, Additamen'tum  ne-
 ca'tum, Ancon,  Procea'aua  anconeua, Glana  sen
 Coro'na seu Coro'na poaterior seu Additamen'tum
 lined tum Ulna, Vertex Cu'biti, Patel'la fixa, Ros-
 trum exter'num seu poate'riua,  Top of  the  cubit.
 Head or  projection of the  elbow.   A large pro-
 cess at the upper extremity of the ulna, on which
 we lean.  When this process is fractured, it is apt 
OLECRANARTHROCACE         613
OLEUM
 to be drawn up by the triceps, and mueh care is
 required to keep  the parts in apposition.
   OLECRANARTHROCACE, from uXcvn, 'the
 elbow/ *,en-oii,,' the  head,'  and arthrocace.  A
 name given by Rust to inflammation of the arti-
 cular surfaces  of the elbow.
   OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Anass-
 thetic.
   OLENE. Ulna.
   OLEO-CERATUM  AQUA SUBACTUM, Ce-
 ratum Galeni.
   OLEOSACCHARUM, Elaso-saccharum.
   OLEOSUS,  Oleaginous.
   OLETTE,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.   At
 Olette, in the department PyrSncses Orientales, is
 a thermal spring, which  raises  the thermometer
 to 190° Fahr.  It is the hottest in France.
   OLEUM, Oil—o. Abietis,  see Pinus picea—o.
 Absinthii,  Artemisia  absinthium, (oil of) — o.
 Acusticuin, Huile acoustique.
   Oleum .iEthe'reum,  JSthe'real oil (formed in
 the distillation of ether), Oleum vini, Oil of wine,
 (F.) Huile  douce de vin.   A  peculiar oleaginous
 matter, obtained by continuing the distillation,
 after the whole of the sulphuric ether has passed
 over in  the process for the preparation  of  the
 latter.  It is  used only as an ingredient in  the
 compound spirit of ether.  It is officinal in the
 Ph. U. S.
   Oleum  Ammoniatum, Linimentum  ammonias
 fortius.
   Oleum Amygdala'rum, Oleum amyg'dala, Oil
 of Almonds, (F.) Huile  d'amandes.  (Expressed
 from both sweet and bitter almonds,—Amygdalus
 communie.  ^xvj of almonds yield ^v of oil.)  It
 is inodorous, insipid, and of a pale straw colour,
 and is employed as a demulcent and emollient.
   Oleum Anacardii, see Anacardium occidentale.
   Oleum Anima'le, An'imal oil, (F.) Huile ani-
 mate.  An oil obtained  by the decomposition of
 the immediate  principles of animals,  subjected to
 the  action of heat.  It is fetid, and always con-
 tains a certain quantity of subcarbonate of  am-
 monia.   See Olea  Em'pyreumatica.   The name
 animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con-
 tained in the fatty vesicles.  The composition of
 this fat does not, indeed, differ from that of  the
 fixed oil.
   Oleum  Anima'le" Dippe'lii,  Animal oil  of
 Dippel, Oleum  cornu cervi, 0. C. C. rectifica'tum,
 Animal oil,  Dippel'a oil,  Oleum pyro-anima'le
 depura'tum, 0. anima'le athe'reum, Pyro'leum
 oa'aium rectifica'tum, (F.) Huile animale de Dip-
 pel, Huile  de come de cerf, is obtained by distil-
 ling animal matters, especially hartshorn, on the
 naked fire. The subcarbonate of ammonia, which
 it contains, renders it partly soluble in water, and
 communicates  to it the stimulant properties  for
 which it is used in medicine.   It is employed as
 an antispasmodic.
   Oleum Anima'le Empyreumat'icum Chaber'-
 ti, 0. Empyreumat'icuin  seu anthelmin'ticum seu
 contra ta'niam  Chaber'ti, Empyreumat'ic oil  of
 Chabert,  Oil of Chabert, is made by adding  one
 part of animal  oil to three parts of oil of turpen-
 tine, leaving them to combine for four days, and
 then distilling three parts.  An effective anthel-
 mintic.  Dose, a tea-spoonful  three times a day.
  Oleum Animaliza'tum per Infusio'nem, (F.)
 Huile animalieie par infuaion, Huile aroimttique,
 H. de  petite chiena.   A preparation, formerly
esteemed tonie and cephalic.  It was obtained
by boiling new-born puppies  in oil, first depriv-
ing them  of their  blood,  skin,  and intestines.
When the  decoction was cold, origanum, thyme,
pennyroyal, St.  John's-wort, and marjoram were
added.
  Oleum Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum — o. An- i
 thelminficum Chaberti, Oleum animale empyreu-
 maticum Chaberti—o. Aurantii, see Citrus auran-
 tium—o. Balaninum, Guilandina moringa (oleum)
 —o. Balsami, see Amyris opobalsamum.
   Oleum Benzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin or Benjamin.
 An  oil obtained by heating, in a  sand-bath, the
 matter which remains after benzoic acid has been
 separated from benzoin by the  aid  of heat.   It
 has been regarded as balsamic and sudorific.
   Oleum Bergamii, see Bergamote.
   Oleum  Bu'bulum,  Neat'a-foot  oil.   The oil
 prepared from the bones of Bos Domeaticua.   It
 is obtained by boiling in water  for  a long time
 the  feet of the ox, previously  deprived of  the
 hoof.  It is introduced  into the officinal list of
 the  Ph.  U. S. as an ingredient  of the ointment
 of nitrate of mercury.
   Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of  Cacao —
 o. Cadinum, see Juniperus oxycedrus — o. Caju-
 puti, Caieput (oil) — o. Camphoratum, Linimen-
 tum camphoras—o. Cari seu Carui, Carum (oleum)
 —o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
   Oleum  Ced'rinum,  Essentia de  cedro,  (F.)
 Huile de cidrat.  The oil of the peel of citrons,
 obtained in Italy in a particular manner, without
 distillation.
   Oleum Chaberti, 0. animale empyreumaticum
 Chaberti — o. Chenopodii,  see Chenopodium an-
 thelminticum—o. Cicinum, see Ricinus commu-
 nis— o.  Cinnamomi, see Laurus cinnamomum —
 o. Contra Tasniam CHaberti, Oleum animale em-
 pyreumaticum Chaberti.
   Oleum Copa'ib^;, Oil of Copdiba.   (Copaib.
 Ibij ; Aqua, cong. iv.  Distil three  gallons ; sepa-
 rate the  oil; return the water to the copaiba, and
 again distil three gallons.  Separate the oil, and
 add  it to the other. Ph. U. S.) Dose gtt. x to xxx.
   Oleum Cornu Cervi,  0. animale Dippelii — o.
 Cubebas, see Piper cubebas—o. Euphorbias lathy-
 ridis, see Euphorbia lathyris — o.  Fixum nucum
 cocos butyraceas, see Cocos butyracea—o. Foeni-
 culi, see  Anethum—o. Gabianum, Petrolasum—o.
 Gallinas, Alkale — o. Gaultherias, see  Gaultheria
 —o. Hedeomas, see Hedeoma pulegioides—o. Hy-
 perici, see Hypericum perforatum — o. infernale,
 0. Ricini.
   Oleum Jec'oris Aselli, 0. Mor'rhna, 0. Je-
 eino'ris Aselli, Axun'gia Ga'di, A. Pisci'na ma-
 ri'na, Codliver oil, Cod oil, (F.) Huile de morue,
 Huile de Foie de morue.   The animal oil, which
 appears under this name in commerce, is obtained
 from several of the species belonging to the genus
 Gadus.  The clearest sorts are generally used.  It
 appears to have  no sensible effect upon the eco-
 nomy; but has been given in strumous affections,
 rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseases, and tu-
 mours of the mammas.   The dose for an adult is
 from f^ij to f^iss.
  Rayliver oil, O'leum raia, is used in the same
 cases and doses.
  Oleum Juniperi, see Juniperis communis—o.
 Juniperi  empyreumaticum, see Juniperus oxyce-
 drus— o. de Kerva, see  Ricinus communis — o.
 Kervinum, see Ricinus communis.
  Oleum Lauri'ntm, Oleum lauri, Oil of bays.
 An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes
 used in sprains and bruises, unattended with in-
 flammation.
  Oleum  Laurinum, Daphnelason, Unguentum
 L. — o. Lavendulas, see Lavendula — o. Lentisci-
 num, Schinelason—o. Limonis, see  Citrus medica
—o.  Lini, see Linum usitatissimum—o. Lini cum
 calce, Linimentum aquas  calcis.
  Oleum Lu'cii  Piscis,  Oil of Pike.  From the
liver of the Esox lucius an  oil is spontaneously
separated, which is used in some countries to de-
stroy specks on the eornea.
  Oleum  Malabathri,  see  Malabathrum — o. 
OLEUM
614
OLIGOSIALIA
Marias, see Fagara octandra — o. Melaleucas leu-
codendri, Caieput (oil)—o. Menthas piperitas, see
Mentha piperita—o. Menthas viridis, Mentha vi-
ridis— o. Monardas, Monarda punctata—o. Mor-
rhuas, 0. jecoris aselli.
   Oleum e Mucilagin'ibus, Oil of Mu'cilages.
(Rad. althaa rec. Ibss; sem. lini, sem. fcenugraci,
aa ^iij ; aqua, Oij.  Boil for half an  hour; add
ol. olir. Oiv; continue the boiling till the water
is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.)  Emol-
lient.
   Oleum MyristicjE, see Myristica moschata—
o. Neroli, see Citrus aurantium.
   Oleum Oli'v.e, 0. olivdrum, Olive oil, Salad
oil.   An inodorous, insipid, and transparent oil;
obtained by expression from the olive, when ripe.
It is  demulcent and emollient, — possessing the
qualities of the fixed oils in general.
   An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives in
water, and skimming the oil from the surface, is
also used in Pharmacy.  See Olea Europasa.
   Oleum Omphacinum, Omotribes — o. Origani,
see Origanum — o.  Oxydi  cupri viride, Balsam,
green, of Metz—o. de Palma, Christi, see Ricinus
communis — o. Palmas, see Cocos butyracea — o.
Palmas liquidum, see Ricinus communis—o. Pe-
tras, Petrolasum — o. Petras album, Naphtha—o.
Picinum, Brutia, Pisselasum — o. Pimentas, see
Myrtus pimenta — o. Pini purissimum,  0.  tere-
binthinas  rectificatum — o.  Pulegii, see  Mentha
pulegium — o. Pyro-animale, 0. animale Dippelii
— o.  Raias, see Oleum Jecoris Aselli — o. Ricini,
see Ricinus communis — o. Rosas, see Rosa cen-
tifolia — o. Rosarum, Rhodelason — o.  Rutaceum,
Pegunelason — o. Rosmarini, see Rosmarinus — o.
Rutas, see Ruta—o. Sabinae, see Juniperus Sabi-
na— o. Sassafras, see Laurus Sassafras — o. Se-
sami, see Sesamum orientale — o. Sinapis, see
Sinapis—o. Spicas vulgaris, 0. terebinthinas — o.
Succini, see Succinum — o. Succini rectificatum,
see Succinum.
   Oleum Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum sulph'uris
simplex, Sulph'urated oil.  (Sulphur, lot.  §ij;
oliva olei, Ibj.  Heat  the oil In a large iron pot,
and  throw in the sulphur by degrees;  stirring
the mixture after each addition till they unite.)
It is stimulating, and was formerly much used in
coughs, asthma,  Ac,  and, externally,  to  foul
ulcers.
   Oleum Tab'aci, Oil of Tobacco. An empyreu-
matic oil, obtained from  coarsely powdered to-
bacco by heating the retort to dull  redness.—
Ph. U. S.
   Oleum  Tartari  per Deliquium, Liquor po-
tassas subcarbonatis — o. Templinum, see Pinus
mughos.
   Oleum Terebin'thin^e, Oil of Turpentine.  The
volatile oil of the juice of pinus  palustris, and
other species of pinus.
   Oleum Terebin'thin^e Rectifica'tum, Oleum
pini puria'aimum, Rectified oil of turpentine, Ole-
um terebin'thina athe'reum, Sp. of  turpentine.
Common oil of  turpentine  is also called Common
oil of Spike, Oleum epica vulga're.  (Olei  tere-
binth. Oj ; aqua, Oiv.   Distil over the oil.)  It is
stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and rubefacient.
Dose, SJss to gj.
   Guestonian Embrocation  for rheumatism  con-
sists  of ol. terebinth., ol. oliv. aa §iss; acid, sulph.
dil. SJiij-
  Oleum Theobrom^e Cacao Expressum, Butter
of cacao — o. Tiglii, Croton tiglium.
   Oleum Valeria'n^:,  Oil  of  Vale'rian.  The
distilled oil of the root of Valeriana officinalis.—
Ph. U. S.
   Oleum  Vini,  0. asthereum — o. Vitrioli,  Sul-
phuric acid.
  OLFACTION,  Olfac'tua,  from  olfacere  for
odefacere (odor, and facere), Osphre'sis, Oaphra'-
aia,  Osphre'aia,  Oante'aia,  Odont'tio, Odora'tus,
Senave oamomet'ricua, Sense of smell, Smelling, (¥.)
Odorat.  The sense by  which we  perceive  the
impressions made on the olfactory nerves by the
odorous particles suspended  in the  atmosphere.
The  olfactory nerve or first pair has usually been
considered the great nerve of smell; and it is
probably the nerve  of special sensibility, general
sensibility being communicated by the branches
of the fifth pair, distributed on the pituitary mem-
brane of the nose and sinuses.
  OLFACTORY,   Olfacti'vus,  Olfacto'rina,  Oa-
phran'ticus,  Oaphrante'riua,  Oaphre'ticua, from
olfactua, ' the smell.'  That which belongs or re-
lates to the sense of smell.
  Olfactory  Bulb, see  Olfactory nerves.
  Olfac'tory Foram'ina, (F.) Troua olfactifa,
are the holes  in the cribriform plate of the eth-
moid bone,  through which the olfactory  nerve
passes.
  Olfactory  Lobe, see  Olfactory nerves.
  Olfac'tory Nerves,  Ethmoid al nervea, Par
primum Nervo'rum  cer'ebri, A'ervi odorato'rii,
Procea'aua mamilla'rea seu Papilldrum, Proceaaua
mamillarea cer'ebri  ad nares, P. papilla're8, Ca-
run'cula mamilla'rea,—thefiratpairofencephal'ie
nervea.  This nerve, which probably arises from
the medulla oblongata, is observed to leave  the
brain, opposite the inner part of the fissure of
Sylvius, by three roots;  which, by  their union,
form a  triangular  knot or expansion. AVhen it
reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms
a triangular ganglion, or grayish, soft  bulb,—
Bulbua olfacto'riua — Olfactory bulb, tubercle, or
lobe,—which furnishes, from its inferior  surface,
the  branches that  have  to be distributed to  the
nasal fossas. These  filaments  are very numerous;
they pass through the foramina in the cribriform
plate and enter  the nasal fossas.   They  are dis-
tinguished into the internal, external, and middle.
The  former are distributed over the mucous mem-
brane,  covering  the  outer  paries  of the nasal
fossas;  the second descend upon the septum,, and
the  third  are  lost, almost immediately, on  the
portion of the pituitary membrane that lines  the
vault of the fossas.
  Olfactory Tubercle, see Olfactory nerves.
  OLFACTUS, Olfaction — o. Acutus, Hyperos-
phresia — o.  Amissio,  Anosmia—o. Deficiens,
Anosmia — o. Depravatus, Parosmia.
  OLIBANUM,  see Juniperus lycia—o.  Sylves-
tre, see Pinus abies—o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
  OLIGiEMIA, Anasmia, Hasmaporia, Hypasmia.
  OLIGIDRIA, Ischidrosis.
  OLIGOBLEN'NIA, from  oXiyoc,  'few/ and
flXcwa, ' mucus.'   A deficiency of mucus.
  OLIGOCHOLIA, from oXiyoc, 'few/ and £0*1/,
' bile.'   Paucity  of bile.
  OLIGOCH'YLUS,  from  oXiyoc,   'little,' and
;yvAoj, 'juice,' 'chyle.' An epithet for food which
is but little nutritive; which furnishes little chyle.
  OLIGOCOP'RIA, from oXiyos, 'few,' and
Konpos, ' excrement.' Scantiness of alvine evacu-
ations.
  OLIGODACRYA, from oXiyoc,   'little,' and
iaicpv, ' a tear.'   Paucity  of lachrymal secretion.
  OLIGOGALACTIA, Agalactia.
  OLIGOGALIA, Agalaxis.
  OLIGOHiEMIA,  Anasmia, Hasmaporia, Hy-
pasmia.
  OLIGOPO'SIA. from oXiyoc, 'little/ and iroaic,
' drink.'  Diminution in the quantity of drinks.
  OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oXiyoc, 'little/ and aia.
l«v,  ' saliva.'  Paucity of saliva. 
OLIGOSPERMIA
615        OMPHALO-MESENTERIC
  OLIGOSPER'MIA,  from oXiyoc,  'little/ and I
ntcpita, ' sperm.'   Paucity of spermatic secretion. |
  0 LIG 0 S P 0 N D' Y L U S, from oXiyoc, ' few,'
' small,' and <7rroi<<5uXof, ' a  vertebra.'  A monster
with defective vertebras. — Gurlt.
  OLIGOTRICHIA,  from oXiyoc,  'little,' and
Spif, ' hair.'   Want of hair.  Paucity of hair.
  OLIGOTROPHIA, Par'cior nutrif'io,  from
oXiyos, ' little/ and rpt<po>, ' I nourish.'  Deficient
nourishment.
  OLIGURE'SIA,  Oligure'aia,  Oligoure'sia, Oli-
goure'aia, from oXiyoc,  'little,' and ovpcto,  'I pass
urine.' Morbidly  diminished urinary secretion.
  OLISTHEMA, Luxation.
  OLIVA, Olea Europasa.
  OLIV^E, Corpora olivaria.
  OLIV AIRE CAUTERE, of the French sur-
geons, is a cautery whose extremity is terminated
by a button having the shape of an  olive.
  OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped.
  OLIVARY, Olive-shaped—o. Bodies, Corpora
olivaria.
  Ol'ivary Proc"ess, Procea'aua Oliva'ria, is a
small ridge, running transversely between, and a
little behind, the  roots of the anterior clinoid pro-
cesses of the sphenoid bone, and by some consi-
dered as the fourth clinoid process.
  OLIVE, see Olea  Europasa — o. Tree, Olea
Europaea.
  OLIVE-SHAPED, Oliva'ria, Olivifor'mia, Ol'-
ivary, from oliva,  ' an olive.'   Resembling  an
olive.   See Corpora olivaria.
  OLIVES, PICKLED, Colymbades.
  OLIVIER, Olea Europasa.
  OLIVIFORMIS, Olive-shaped.
  OLIVINA,  see Olea Europasa,
  OLLA CAPITIS, Cranium.
  OLMITELLO,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  A
thermal  spring in the isle of Ischia.   Tempera-
ture, 100° Fahrenheit.
  OLOPHLYCTIDE, Herpes.
  OLOPHO'NIA, from oXXoi, oXXuoi, ' I lose/ and
Quvn, ' voice.'   Congenital misconstruction of the
vocal organs. — Good.
  Olophonia Labii Lobata, Harelip—o. Lin-
guae frasnata, see  Ankyloglossum.
  OMAGRA, Hom'agra,  from oipoc, 'the shoul-
der,' and aypa, ' a seizure.' Gout in  the shoulder.
  O-MAL'GIA, from oipoc,  'the shoulder/  and
aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in the shoulder.
  OMARTHRITIS,  from wuoc, 'the  shoulder,'
aoOpov, ' a joint,' and itia, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the shoulder-joint.
  OMARTHROCACE,  from  uipoc, 'shoulder/
anOpov,  'a joint,' and kuicoj, 'bad.'  Arthrocace
of the shoulder-joint.   Caries  or suppuration of
the shoulder-joint.
  OMA'SUM,  Omaaus, Manypliea.   The third
stomach of ruminant animals.
   OMBILIC, Umbilicus.
   OMBILICALE,  Umbilical.
   OMBRAGE, Nebula.
   OMENTA. Meninges.
  OMENTESIS. Epiploitis.
   OMENTITIS.  Epiploitis.
   OMEXTULA,  Appendiculas  pinguedinosas.
   OMENTUM, Epiploon—o. Colicum, Epiploon,
colic—o. (Jastro-colicum-, Epiploon, gastro-colic
—o. Gastro-splenic, Epiploon,  gastro-splenic—o.
Great, Epiploon,  gastro-colic—o. Hepato-gastri-
cuin. Epiploon, gastro-hepatie — o. Lesser, Epi-
ploon, gastro-hepatic—o. Majus, Epiploon, gastro-
colic— o. Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o.
Osrium. Periosteum—o. Third, Epiploon, colic.
  OMICHES1S,  Micturition.
  OMICHMA, Urine. .
  OMI'TIS, from u>uoc, ' the shoulder/ and itis,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation in or about
the shoulder-joint.
  OMMA, Eye, Vision.
  OMNIPHAGUS,  Omnivorous.
  OMNIVORE, Omnivorous.
  OMNIVOROUS,  Omnivorus, Omniph'agus,
Pantoph'agus, (F.)  Omnivore, from  omnis, 'all/
and voro, ' I eat.'  An epithet for animals—Pan-
tophagists—which eat every kind of food, animal
or vegetable.
  OMO.  In composition, an abridgment of omos
or ottiMs, the humerus.
  OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular.
  OMOCOTYLE, see Glene.
  OMO-HYOIDEUS, Cor'aco-hydideus, Scapnlo-
hyo'idien,  Omo-hyoidien, Omoplat-hyo'idicn, Hyo-
'idis  Quartos Mus'culus.  This muscle is situate
obliquely  at the sides and front of the neck.  It
is slender, long, and flat.  It arises from the su-
perior costa of the scapula, near the semi-lunar
notch, and from the ligament that runs across it,
and  is inserted at the sides of the inferior margin
of the body of the os hyoides.  It consists of two
fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true
digastric muscle.   It depresses  the os hyoides,
carrying it a little backwards, and to one side,
except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone
is depressed, and  drawn obliquely backwards.
  OMOPHAG"IA,  Omosit'ia, from ui/jos,  'raw,'
and  tpayia, ' I eat.'   Fondness for raw food.  Eat-
ing of raw food.
   OMOPLATE,  Scapula —o. Col de V, Collum
scapulas.
  OMOPLA T-HYOIDIEN, Omo-hyoideus.
  OMOS,  Crude,  Humerus.
  OMOSITIA, Omophagia.
  OMOTAR'ICHOS, from oypoc, 'the shoulder/
and  rapt%oc,  'pickled.'  Salsamen'tum crudum;
Salted Tunny Fish, in particular.  Properly, the
neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal.   Once
much  recommended against the bites of vipers,
and  in hydrophobia.
  OMOTES, Crudity.
  OMOTOCIA, Abortion.
   OMOT'RIBES, Omphac"inum O'leum, from
wjios, 'crude,' and rot/ioj, 'Ibruise.'  Oil expressed
from unripe olives.
   OMPHA'CION,  ofxtpaKtov,  from  optpaxoc,  'an
unripe grape;—Succus uva acer'ba, Ompha'cium.
The juice of unripe grapes.  Also, Verjuice.
   OMPHACI'TES  (VINUM).  A name given
to wine prepared from the  unripe  grape.  Om-
phaci'tis  is also  the name of a  small gall. —
Dioscorides.
   OMPHACIUM, Verjuice.
   OMPHACOM'ELI,  from  outpaicoc, 'an unripe
grape, and peXt, ' honey.' A sort of oxymel, made
of the juice of Unripe grapes and honey.
   OMPHALELCO'SIS, from optpaXoc, 'the navel/
and 'cXkos, ' an ulcer.'  Ulceration of the navel.
   OMPHALEX'OCHE, Exomphalu's.
   OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
   OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos.
   OMPHALOMANTIA, from optpaXoc, 'the na-
vel,' and pavreta,  ' prophecy.'  A species of divi-
nation, practised  by credulous matrons, who pre-
tend to be able to know the number of children
a female will have, by the  number of knots in
the  navel-string of the child.
   OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,0»>/>/Wo-»n««en-
ter'i'cws, Om'phalo-mesardicus; from o/itpaXos, 'th»
navel,' and mesenterium,  'the mesentery.'
   Omphalo-Mesenteric  Vessels. Vitcl'lo-m+. 
OMPHALO                 61
senler'ic, Vitelline vesaelaK  Haller gave this name
to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami-
fications on the parietes of the umbilical vesicle.
There  is an oni])halo-meaenteric artery and vein.
The omphalo-meaenteric artery is a branch of the
superior mesenteric;—the vein empties itself into
the trunk, or into one of the branches of  the su-
perior  mesenteric.  Velpeau  affirms, that they
inosculate with a branch of the second or third
order of those great vessels, with those in parti-
cular that are  distributed to the  cascum, and he
regards them to be the vessels of nutrition of the
umbilical  vesicle.  They  are occasionally met
with in the foetus,  at the  full period, under the
form of whitish filaments, which extend from the
mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus.
   OMPHALO- MESERAIC, Omphalo-mesen-
tcric.
   OMPHALONCUS, Omphalophyma.
   OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS, Ompha-
lorrhexis.
   OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphaloncus, from
optpaXos, ' the navel,' and  tpvpa, ' tumour.'   A tu-
mefaction of the navel.
   OMPHALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus.
   OMPHALORRHAGIA, Omphalor'rhage,
from  outpaXos,  ' the  umbilicus,' and pnyvvpt,  ' I
break out.'  Hemorrhage from the umbilicus, in
the new-born in particular.
   OMPHALORRHEX'IS; from optpaXos, 'navel,'
and pn^ic, 'rupture.'  Omphaloneurorrhexis'. Rup-
ture of the navel string.
   OMPHALOS, Umbilicus.
   OMPHALOSITE,  from  optpaXos,  'the  navel,'
and airos, ' nourishment.'   A monster that pos-
sesses an imperfect kind of life, which ceases when
the umbilical cord is divided.
   OMPHALOT'OMY, Omphalotom'ia,  from op-
tpaXos, ' the umbilicus,' and repvm, ' I cut.'  The
division of the navel string.
   OMPHALUS, Umbilicus.
   OMUS, Crude,  Humerus.
   ONAGRA, (Enothera biennis.
   ONANIA, Masturbation.
   ONANISM, Masturbation.
   ONCOS, Tumour.
   ONCO'SES, from  oynos, ' a tumour.' Tumours,
as diseases.
   ONCOSIS, Intumescence.
   ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotom'ia,  Onkotomy, from
oyKos,' a tumour/ and ropi], ' incision.' The open-
ing of an abscess with a cutting instrument, or
the excision of  a tumour.
   ONCTION, Inunction.
   ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour.
   ONDULATION, Fluctuation.
   ONEBERRY, Paris.
   ONEIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneiroc'rites, from ovct-
pos, 'a dream,' and xpiats, 'judgment.'  One who
judges according to dreams.
   ONEIRODYNIA, from ovcipos, 'a dream,' and
oivvij,  ' pain.'   Painful dreams.   Incubus and
Somnambulism are oneirodynias.
   Oneirodynia  Activa,  Paroniria, Somnambu-
lism—o. Gravans, Incubus.
   ONEIRODYNIE  GRAVATIVE, Incubus.
   ONEIROG'MUS, Oneirog'yne,  OneiropoVeaia,
from  ovcipos, ' a dream.'   A  lascivious dream;
pollution ; nocturnal pollution.
   ONEIROGONORRHCEA,  Pollution, noc-
turnal.
   ONEIROGONOS, Pollution.
   ONEIROL'OGY,  Oneirolog"ia, from ovcipos, 'a
dream,' and Xoyos, ' a description.'   The doctrine
of dreams.
   ONEIROMANTI'A, from  ovcipos, 'a dream/
6          ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS

and pavreta,' divination.'   The art of divining by
dreams ;  or of interpreting dreams.
  ONEIRON'OSUS;  from  ovcipos, 'a  dream/
and  voaos, 'a  disease.'   Somnia'tio  morbo'sa.
Morbid, uneasy dreaming.
  ONEIROPOLESIS, Oneirogmus.
  ONERA ALVI, Excrement.
  ONGLADE, Paronychia.
  OA'GLE, Kail.
  ONGLEE,  (F.) Digito'rum  stupor  d gilu.
Painful numbness at the extremities of  the fin-
gers, caused by cold.
  ONGLET, Pterygion.
  ONGUENT,  Unguentum — o.  d'Althia,  Un-
guentum de Althaea—o. de Blanc de baleine, Un-
guentum cetacei — o. Blanc de Rhazes, Unguen-
tum  plumbi subcarbonatis — o. de Cerusse, Un-
guentum plumbi subcarbonatis—o. Citrin contre
la gate, Unguentum hydrargyri nitras—o. Diges-
tif aimple,  Unguentum digestivum simplex — o.
Gria, Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum—o.
de Guimauve, Unguentum de althaest—o.  de Lau-
rier, Unguentum  laurinum — o. Mercuriel, Un-
guentum hydrargyri—o. Napolitain, Unguentum
hydrargyri—o.  de Nitrate de  mercure, Unguen-
tum  hydrargyri nitratis — o. de  Poix et de cire,
Basilicon—o. de Soldat, Martiatum unguentum—
o. de Sureau, Unguentum sambuci—o. de Torna-
mira, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis.
  ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa —o. Sea,
Scilla.
  ONIS'CUS, Aeel'lua, On'tio, Poreel'lio, PorceV-
lua, Por'culite, Diminutive of ovos, ' a small ass.'
A genus of insects very common  in  cellars and
dark and moist places.
  Onisci Aselli, Millep'edea, Aaclli, Millcp'eda,
Faba,  Wood-lice, Slatere, Hog-lice, (F.) Clopor-
tea ordinairea, had, at one time,  a place in  the
pharmacopoeias.  They were considered stimulant
and diuretic, and useful in jaundice.
  ONITIS, Origanum dictamnus.
  ONKOTOMY, Oncotomy.
  ONOLOSAT, Obolus.
  ONOMATOCLESIS, Nomenclature.
  ONOMATOLOGIA, Ncfmenclature.
  ONONIS ANTIQUORUM,  0. spinosa.
  Ono'nis Arven'sis, (F.) Bugrane dea  champs,
has properties like the next.
  Ononis Spino'sa, Ano'nia, Reata bovie,  Arres'ta
bovia, Rem'ora Ara'tri, Ononia antiquo'rum, Rest
harrow, (F.) Arrete-bcenf, Bugrande ipinenae, Bu-
grane.   Nat. Ord. Leguminosae.   Sex. Syat. Dia-
delphia Decandria.  The root of this plant was
once used as a diuretic.
  ONOPORDON  ACAN'THIUM, Onopor'dum
acan'thium,  Car'duua  tomento'aite, Acan'thium,
Ac'anoa, A. spina,  Spina alba,  Cotton  Thiatle,
(F.) Chardon aux Anee. Family, Cinarocephaleas.
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia asqualis.  The
expressed juice has been recommended as a cure
for cancer applied externally.
  ONOPORDUM  ACANTHIUM,  Onopordon
acanthium.
  ONTHUS, Fimus.
  ONYCHAUXE, from ovv!;, ovv%os, 'anail/ and
av£i7, 'increase.'  Unusual increase of  the size
and thickness of  the nails.
  ONYCHEXALLAX'IS; from  oi/uf,  'a nail,'
and c£aXXat;is, ' change.'   A morbid condition of
the nails.
  ONYCHIA, Paronychia.
  ONYCHI'TIS;  from  ovuf, 'nail,' and  itia, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation-of a nail.
  ONYCHOCLASIS; from ovuf,  'a  nail/ and
icXaots, 'fracture.'  Fracture  of a nail.'
  ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
  ONYCHOGRYPHO'SIS, Onychogrypo'sis, 
ONYCHONOSI
617
OPHTHALMIA
Onychogrypto'aia,  Onychocryptosis,  Gripho'sia,
Gn/pho'ais,  Onyx'ia, from  ovvi,, 'the nail/  and
grypoaia, ' crookedness.'  Curvature of the nails ;
such as occurs in hectic individuals.   Also, grow-
ing in of the nail? ; Incarndtio seu Aduiicdtio
seu Arctu'ra un'guium.
  OiS\ CHON'OSI,  Onychonu'si, from  ovuf, 'a
nail,' and vooos,  'a disease.'  Disease of the nails.
  ONYCHOPH'THORA, Onychophtho'ria, Ony-
coph'thora,  Onycophtho'ria, from ovuf, 'the nail,'
and tpSopa, 'degeneration.'  A degenerate  condi-
tion or destruction of the nails.
  ONYf'HOPHY'MA, from oim|, 'the nail/ and
tpvpa, ' a tumour.'  A painful degeneration of the
nails, which become thick, rough, and  crooked.
It occurs as a symptom of syphilis and  of lepra.
  ONYCHOPTO'SIS,  Piptonyc'hia,  Dia'reeie
Un'gula, from ovuf, 'a  nail,'and nruiais,  'falling.'
The falling off of the nails.
  ONYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora.
  ONYX, Hook, blunt, Nail, Pterygion.  Also, a
collection of purulent matter between the laminas
of the cornea, having the shape of a nail.
  ONYXIS, Onychogryphosis.
  ONYXITIS, see Paronychia.
  OOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
  OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis  ovalis.)
  OODES, Aqueous  humour, Oval.
  OOG'ALA, O'og'la, Ogla, Pule ex Ovia et Lacte.
Milk of eggs.  A preparation of eggs and milk.
  OOGLA, Oogala.
  OOIDES, Aqueous humour, Oval.
  OOLEMMA PELLUCIDUM, Zona pellucida.
  OOLOG"IA,   Ovolog"ia, Ovol'ogy,  from  wov,
'an ovum  or egg/ and  Xoyos, 'a discourse,' 'a
description.'  A  description of the ovum.
  00N, Ovum.
  OONINE, Albumen. .
  OOPHORAUXE, Oarioparectama.
  OOPHORITIS, Ooritis.
  OOPHORON,  Ovary.
  OORITIS, Oaritis.
  OPACITY,   Opae"itaa, Opdcouaneaa;  from
opacare, ' to obscure.'  Quality of that which is
opake.  The property possessed by some bodies
of not allowing the light to traverse them.  It is
opposed to  transparency.  Opacity of the cornea
constitutes  albugo  or leucoma; — opacity of the
crystalline  causes cataract.
  OPAKE', Opa'cua, Opdcoua. An epithet given
to bodies, which do  not permit the passage of
rays of light. The opake cornea is the sclerotica,
in contradistinction to the transparent cornea or
true cornea.
  OP'ALINE.   That which resembles the opal.
A fluid is  said  to be  opaline, when milky,  and
when it presents an appearance more or less like
that of the opal.
  OPERATIO,  Action,  Operation —o. Chirur-
gica,  see Operation—o.  Chymica seu  pharma-
ceutical  Operation,  chymical,  Ac. — o. Simplex,
Haplotomia.
  OPERA'TION,  Operdtio,  from opus, operis,
'work.'  The application of instruments to the
human body with the view  of curing disease.
The object  of an operation, opera'tio chirur'gica,
is generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract
extraneous  or noxious bodies,  and to replace or-
gans that are wanting, by different instruments
or artificial means.   The principal operatory me-
thods have been  called  Synthesis, Diaresis, Exa-
reaia, and Protheaia.  Frequently, the most diffi-
cult subject connected with  an operation is to
decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa-
ble, and when improper.
  OPERATION' A  LAM BEAU, see Flap.
  Operation, Bilateral, see Lithotomy—o. Ci-
aarienne, Cassarean section.
  Operation, Chym'ical or Pharmaceutical,
Opera'tio chym'ica  seu pharmaeeu'tica, is any
process whose object is the preparation of medi-
cines ;  their combinations with  each  other, ana-
lysis, and decomposition ; — such  are, 8olution,
diatillation,  sublimation, evaporation, digeetion,
maceration, infuaion, decoction,  calcination, Ac.
Some of these operations are mechanical; others,
really  chymical. \
  Operation, High, see Lithotomy—o. Lateral,
see Lithotomy—o. Sigaultian, Symphyseotomy.
  OP'ERATOR.  A surgeon who is in the habit
of practising the greater operations.   One who
performs any operation.  To be a good operator,
the  surgeon must be well acquainted with ana-
tomy,  and be possessed of strong nerve.   See
Surgeon.
  OPER'CULUM,  Operto'rium,  Operimen'tum,
from operire, 'to cover.'  A cover or lid.  In
fishes,  the gill cover.
  Operculum Aspera  Arteria,  Larynx — o.
Cutis,  Epidermis—o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of—o.
Laryngis, Epiglottis—o. Oculi, Palpebra.
  Operculum Papilla'rum.  A shield for the
nipple.
  OPERIMENTUM, Operculum —o. Intestino-
rum, Epiploon—o. Prastensum abdominis, Peri-
tonasum.
  OPERTORIUM, Operculum.
  OPHELIA CHIRATA, Gentiana chirayta.
  OPHIASIS, Calvities, Porrigo decalvans.
  OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUM, 0. ovdtum
seu echinogloa'aum, Lingua aerpentdria, Adder's
Tongue, (F.) Langue de Serpent.  Family,  Fili-
coideos. Sex. Syst. Cryptogaraia.  This plant was
formerly considered  to be vulnerary.
  OPHIOPH'AGUS. from'o0(?,  'a serpent,' and
<payoi,' I eat.'  An epithet for animals which feed
on serpents.  Pliny  has called  certain African
tribes by this name.
  OPHIORRHI'ZA,  0.  mungos, from ofis, 'a
serpent,' and pi$a, 'root.'  Family, Gentianeas.
Sex. Syat.  Pentandria Digynia.  The  name of
the plant whose root has been called Radix Ser-
pen'tum, Mungos Radix.  The bitter root is much
esteemed in Java, Sumatra, Ac,  for preventing
the effects  that usually  follow  the bite  of the
naja, a venomous serpent; with which view it is
eaten by the  natives.  It is, also, a reputed an-
thelmintic.
  OPHIOXYLON, Ophioxylum.
  OPHIOX'YLUM,  from otpis,  'a serpent,' and
fuXov, 'wood.'   Ophioxylum  seu  Ophioxylon aer-
penti'num seu  trif olio'turn,  Acawe'ria, Lignum
aerpentum, has been recommended in the bites of
serpents, and in intermittents.  It is said to be
very bitter.
  OPHIS, Serpent.
  OPHI'TES, from  oq,ts,  'a serpent.'   Scrpenti'-
nna,  Ser'pentine or Rlati Por'phyry.   This  rock
was formerly worn as an Amulet, to cure diseases
of the  head.
  OPIIROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba.
  OPIIRYS. Supercilium.
  OPHTHALMALGIA,  from  otpSaXpos,  'the
eye.' and aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain in the eye.   Neu-
ralgia of the eye.
  OPHTHALMEMPASMA  Collyrium siceum.
  OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmitis, from o<p$aXpos,
'the eye.'  Oculo'rum inflamma'tio, Cauma oph-
thalmitis, Ophthalmopo'nia,  In/lamma'tion of the
Eye, Ophthalmy,  (F.) Ophtha/mie, Ophthalmite,
Inflammation de I'ceil, Catarrhe orulaire.  Three
great varieties of ophthalmia, independently of
the acute and chronic (which conditions occur in 
OPHTHALMIA              618       OPHTHALMIATROTECHNICA
  all inflammations,) may be reckoned :—the  Oph-
  thalmia membranarum, 0. purulenta, and 0. tarai.
  The first is characterized by the general symp-
  toms of ophthalmia; — pain and redness of the
  eye or its appendages;  with intolerance of light,
  and unusual flow of tears; the inflammation being
  seated chiefly in the coats of the eyeball.   It  is
  the Hymenophthal'mia,  Ophthalmia tarax'ia, Con-
  junctici'tia, Inflamma'tio conjunctiva, Symphy-
  msni'tia,  Syndesmi'tis,  Catarr'hal ophthalmia,
" Ophthalmo - conjunctivitis, 0. hu'mida,  0.  vera,
  Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjunctival  Ophthal'mia,
  Tarax'ia (Paulus of iEgina), Chemo'sis (Ae'tius,)
  0. Chcmosis, Lach'rymose Ophthalmia, (F.) Con-
  jonctivite, Inflammation de la conjonctive. In the
  second, — Ophthalmia purulen'ta, 0. puriform'is,
  Blennophthalmia, Bleph'arobtennorrhce'a,  Oph-
  thalmoblennorrhea,  Blennorrhcea oc'uli — the in-
  ternal surface of the palpebrae associates in the
  inflammation of the eye-ball; and there is a co-
  pious secretion of a  purulent flufd.  An epidemic
  and contagious(?) variety of this  is  the ^Egyptian
  Ophthalmia, Ophthalmia epidem'ica, 0. puruten'ta
  epidem'ica, 0. contagio'sa, 0. Catarrha'lia bel'-
  lica, Lcemophthal'mia,  0. bel'lica, 0. Aeiat'ica,
  Blennorrhoe'a  Oculi ^Egyptiaca, .Conjunctivi'tia
  puro-muco'aa contagiosa vel jEgyptiaca, Blepha-
  ro'tia  glanduldria contagio'aa,  Adeni'tia palpe-
  bra'rum  contagioaa, 0.  purulenta contagio'aa,
  Oonjunctivi'tia puro-muco'aa contagio'aa, Suppu-
  rative ophthalmia, Epidemic contagioua ophthal'-
  mia — called  Egyptian, from its prevalence  in
  Egypt during the  British Expedition under Sir
  Ralph Abercrombie. The inflammation is rapid
  and destructive; granulations shoot from the tu-
  nica conjunctiva, and occasionally there is intole-
  Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat-
ment: the antiphlogistic regimen—and, particu-
larly, avoiding exposure to light,—being all that
is  necessary.  When more  severe,  along  with
this, general and local blood-letting,  especially
by  leeches to the side of the  septum narium,
must be employed so as to make a decided im-
pression on the system; with nauseating doses
of antimony, purgatives, blisters  (at  some dis-
tance from the organ), refrigerants ; and astrin-
gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances,
to the eye.   In Purulent Ophthalmy, these mea-
sures must be still more actively employed, other-
wise disorganization will speedily follow : — the
granulations, which  form on the  adnata of the
eyelids  may  be removed with the scissors, and
the  sore  be  touched with a solution of alum.
Ophthalmia  Tarai must be  treated on  general
principles, when  severe.   It usually, however,
requires merely the antiphlogistic  regimen, with
the  occasional use,  especially at night, of  a
slightly stimulating ointment, such as  the ungu-
entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably re-
duced with  lard.   The ointment prevents the
eyelids  from  being  glued together during the
night, and thus obviates the irritation  caused by
attempts at separating them.
  Ophthalmia, ^Egyptian, see Ophthalmia — o.
rable pain, often succeeded by delirium.  In new-
born children, a species of purulent ophthalmia,
0. purulen'ta infan'tum, 0. Neonato'rum, Blepha-
rophthalmia neonato'rum, Lippitu'doneonato'rtlm,
Blennorrhoe'a Oc'uli neonato'rum,  Ophthal'mo-
blennorrhce'a neonato'rum, Blepharo-blennorrhce'a
neonato'rum, Blepharo-pyorrhoea neonato'rum,
Pyophthalmia neonato'rum,  Peorophthalmia neo-
nato'rum, (F.) Ophthalmie puriforme dea nonvetiu-
nia, in which the palpebrae  are florid and  pecu-
liarly tumid, is by  no  means  uncommon.  It
seems to be  caused by acrid discharges from the
mother, applied to the eye  of the infant during
its exit; or to the stimulus of the light, when the
child  first opens its  eyes.  A severe form of pu-
rulent ophthalmia — Hyperconjonctivite (Piorry)
— is produced by the  application of gonorrhccal
matter to the eye.  It  is the Ophthalmia  gonor-
rho'ica, Blennorrhoe'a oculi gonorrho'ica, Con-
junctivi'tia blennorrhag"ica, C. gonorrho'ica, Go-
norrhce'al Ophthal'mia, (F.) Ophthalmie blennor-
rhagique,  Conjonctivite blennorrhagique.
   Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the condi-
tion of the constitution, and hence we have stru-
mous, varioloue, and other inflammations of the
conjunctiva.
   The third variety — the  Ophthalmia Tarai, 0.
glutino'aa, Blepharophthal'mia, Blepharotis, Ble-
pharoti'tis,  Blepharitis, Blepharadeni'tis, Pao-
rophthal'mia, Oc'uli palpebra'rum aca'biea pruri-
gino'aa, Adenophthalmia—is seated chiefly in the
tarsus; the sebaceous crypts secreting a  viscid
and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges,
and irritates the eye.
   The different forms of inflammation of the con-
junctiva are thus classed by M. Desmarres:
Asiatica. see Ophthalmia — o. Bellica, see Oph-
thalmia— o. Biliosa, Ophthalmocholosis—o. Ca-
tarrhal, see Ophthalmia — o. Catarrhalis bellica,
see Ophthalmia—o. Chronica, Lippitudo—o. Con-
junctival, see Ophthalmia — o. Contagiosa, see
Ophthalmia—o. Epidemica, see Ophthalmia—o.
Glutinosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoica, see
Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoeal, see Ophthalmia —
o.  Humida, see Ophthalmia—o. Lachrymose, see
Ophthalmia — o. Membranarum, see Ophthalmia
— o. Neonatorum, see  Ophthalmia—o. Phlycte-
nular, see Ophthalmia — o. Puriformis, see Oph-
thalmia—o. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia—o. Puru-
lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta
epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta infan-
tum, see Ophthalmia — o. Rheumatic, Sclerotitis
— o. Sicca, Xerophthalmia—o. Suppurative, see
Ophthalmia — o.  Taraxis, see  Ophthalmia — o.
Tarsi,  see Ophthalmia — o.  Ulcerosa, Helcoph-
thalmia—o. Varicose,  Cirsophthalmia—o. Vera,
see Ophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMIATER, Oculist.
   0 PH TIIALMIATRI'A,  Ophthalmiatrotech'-
nica, Ophthalmotherapi'a;  from  otpQaXpos, 'the
eye/ and tarpos,  'a physician.'  The art of the
oculist.  Treatment of diseases of the eye.
   0 P H THALM IATROTECIINICA,  Ophthal-
miatria.
Conjunctivitis....
1. Pure or phlegmonous.
2. Pustular.
3. Granular or catarrhal, j Miasmatic.
( Contagious.
 Non-contagious.
. Exan thematic,
                        f Of new-born infants.
4. Purulent..................\ Gonorrhoeal.
                        I Egyptian.
(Erysipelatous.
Variolous.
Morbillous.
Scarlatinous. 
OPHTHALMIC
619           OPHTHALMOTOMY
  OPTITIIAL'MIC,  Ophthal'micua,  from otpSaX-
pos, ' the eye.'  That which relates or belongs to
the eye.
  Ophthalmic: Artery, A. orbitaire, (Ch.) arises
from  the  internal carotid, and issues  from the
cranium by the foramen opticum.   At  first, it is
situate at the outer  and lower side of  the optic
nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and passes
towards the inner angle of  the orbit.  It fur-
nishes, in its course, the lachrymal, centralie re-
tina,  infra-orbitara,  ciliariea, anterior  ciliariea,
inferior  and euperior  muaculara,  anterior and
poaterior  ethmoidala, and euperior  and inferior
pa/pcbrala.   After having given off these, it di-
vides into two branches — the frontal and nasal,
whieh furnish a number of ramifications, — some
superficial, others deep-seated.
  Ophthal'.MIC Gang'liON, Lentic'ular G., Cil'-
iary ganglion, G. orbitaire (Ch.),  is one of the
smallest ganglions of the body, and formed by the
6th and '.',d pairs of encephalic nerves. It is situate
at the outer side of the optic nerve  near the bot-
tom of the orbit;  is irregularly quadrilateral and
flat:  its colour of a reddish  gray.  Behind,  it
communicates by its posterior angles—by means
of nervous filaments—with the nasal nerve of the
ophthalmic and the motor oculi. Each of its an-
terior angles furnishes a fasciculus of small nerves.
These are the ciliary nerves.
  Ophthalmic  Nerve,  Ophthalmic  Nerve  of
Willis, Or'bito-frontal, (Ch.) is the  smallest and
first of the  three  branches given  off by the 5th
pair.   It  proceeds along the external  paries of
the cavernous sinus,  and enters the orbit by the
sphenoidal fissure. It divides into three branches:
one, external—the lachrymal  nerve; another, au-
perioi---frontal nerve; and the last, internal —
the nasal  nerve.   See Lachrymal, Frontal, Nasal.
  Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy, Ophthal'micum
seu Op'ticum, (F.)  Topique  ophthalmique, is  a
medicine employed in ophthalmia.
  Ophthalmic Sinus, see Cavernous Sinus.
  Ophthalmic  Vein has the  same arrangement
as  the  artery, which it accompanies  in all  its
divisions.  It issues  from the orbit at  the inner
part of the  sphenoidal fissure, and discharges its
blood into the cavernous sinus.
  The name Facial Ophthalmic has been given
to the branch by  which the facial vein communi-
cates with the ophthalmic.
  OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis.
  OPHTHALMICI  EXTERNI, Motores oculo-
rum.
  OPHTHALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
  OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microphthalmus.
   OPHTHALMIE  PURIFORME DES NOU-
 VEAU-NE S, see Ophthalmia — o. Blennorrha-
gique, see Ophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMITE, Ophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMITIS, Ophthalmia. This term is
occasionally restricted to inflammation of the
globe of the eye,  in which, both the external and
internal structures are involved.
  OPHTIIALMIUM, Microphthalmus.
   OPHTHALMO-BLENNORRHCEA,  Ophthal-
mia (purulent)—o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia
(purulenta infantum.)
  OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from otp$aXpos,
' the eye/ and xapKivuipa, ' cancer.'   Cancer of the

   OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMOCIIOLO'SIS, from  otpSaXpos,
' the eye,' and ^0X17,  ' bile ;' Ophthal'mia bilio'aa.
Ophthalmia from biliary excitement.
   OPHTHALMOCHROITES, see Choroidea tu-
  OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, see Oph-
thalmia.
  OPHTHALMODULI'A, from  o<p$aXp.os, 'the
eye,' and iovXeia, ' servitude.'  Eye-service. The
title of a book by Bartisch on diseases of the eye.
  OPHTHALMODYN'IA, from  o^aXpos, 'the
eye,' and oivvn, 'pain,' especially rheumatic pain
of the eye.   Plenck has given this name to neu-
ralgia of the frontal  nerve, in which the pain
radiates particularly towards  the bottom of the
orbit.  See Neuralgia, Frontal.
  Ophthalmodynia  Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa-
cial.
  OPHTHALMCEDE'MA;  from  otpSaXpos, 'the
eye/ and otir\pa,  ' oedema.'  (Edema of the con-
junctiva.
  OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY, from otpSaXpos,  'the
eye,' and ypa-tpn, 'a description.' The part of ana-
tomy which gives a description of the eye.  An
anatomical description of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthalmolog"ia, Oph-
thalmotol'ogy,  (F.)  Oculiatique,  from otp&aXpos,
' the eye,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'   The part of
anatomy which treats of the eye.  An anatomical
treatise on  the eye.  A description  of the eye in
health and disease.
  OPHTHALMOM'ETER, from oip&nXpos,  'the
eye/ and pcrpov, 'measure.'  An instrument  of
the nature of compasses, invented by F. Petit,
for measuring the capacity of the  anterior and
posterior chambers of the eye in anatomical  ex-
periments.
  OPHTHALMOMYITIS,  Ophthalmomyosi'tis,
from oip&aXpos, 'the eye/ pvs, 'a muscle,'  anditis,
denoting inflammation.  Inflammation  of   the
muscles of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople-
gia.
  OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOMTA, from o<p$aX-
pos,  'the eye,'  tpXexj,,  'a vein,'  and ropij, 'inci-
sion.'  Bleeding from  the  vessels  of the  con-
junctiva.
  OPHTHALMOPHTHAR'SIS,  Ophthalmoph-
thi'aia, from otpSaXpos, 'the eye,' and tpOapats, 'cor-
ruption.'  Destruction of the eyeball.
  OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS,Ophthalmophthar-

  OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA,  Ophthalmoparal'y-
aia,  from otpdaXpos,  ' the  eye/ and irXiiaaiu,  ' I
strike.'  Paralysis of one or more of the muscles
of the eye. •
   OPHTHALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS, from otpSaXpoc,  'an
eye,' and irrwois, 'a prolapse.'  A word employed
by some authors in  the  sense of exophthalmia,
by others, in that of hydrophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMORRHAG'TA,   from  otp$aXptos,
'the eye,' and pnyvvpt,  'I break forth.'  Hemor-
rhage from the tunica conjunctiva.   It is rare.
   OPHTHALMOS, Eye.
   OPHTHALMOSCOP'IA,  Ophthalmoacopy,
from otp&aXpos,  ' the eye,' and a-Koircu), ' I regard
attentively.'  The art of judging of the temper,
 Ac. of a person by examining his eyes.  The art
of judging of health or disease by inspection of
the eyes.  Exploration of the eyes in order to a
 diagnosis.
   OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM,(F.)0/>/V/WWsr«f,
from otpSaXpos, ' the eye,' and araais, ' station;'
 Spec'ulum  Oc'uli.  An instrument  for fixing the
eye.
   OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthalmiatria.
   OPHTHALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology.
   OPHTHALMOTOMY, Ophthalmotom'ia, from
 otpSaXpos, ' the eye/ and repvw, ' I cut.'  The part 
OPTnALMOXEROSIS          620                OPSIONUSI
of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the
eye.   It has, also, been applied to extirpation of
the eye.
  OPTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOX'YSIS, from  o<p$aXpos, 'the
eye,' and i-va, ' I scrape.'   A name given to the
scarification sometimes practised on the conjunc-
tiva, in cases of ophthalmia.
  OYlITllA~LMOXYS'TR\JM,Ophthalmoxys'ter,
Ophthalmoxyate'rium,Xyatrum ophthal'micum. An
instrument for scraping the eye.  Name given to
a small brush, with barbs like an  ear of barley or
rye,  intended to scarify  the  eyelids in certain
cases of ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMUS, Eye.
  OPHTHALMYMENI'TIS, Ophthalmohymeni'-
tie, from otpdaXpos,  'eye,'  'vprjv, 'membrane,' and
itia, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of one
or more of the membranes of the eye.
   OP I ACE, Opiate.
   OPIACUM, Opiatum.
   OP IAN E. Narcotine.
   OPIANUM, Narcotine.
   OP I A T, Opiate — o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice.
   0' PIA T E,  Opidtum, Opidcum, Papaverd-
ceum, Meco'nicum, (F.) Opiat, Opiacie, from owtov,
(ottos, 'juice,') 'opium.'  A medicine containing
opium.   A medicine  that procures  sleep.  An
electuary ; — formerly, an electuary, which  con-
tained opium.
   O'PIATED, Opidtus.  Impregnated with opi-
um.   Affected by opium.
   OPIATUM   FEBRIF'UGUM,  Electua'rium.
de Kind Kind; Elec'tuary of Cincho'na.  (Pulv.
cinch. SJxviij,  ammon. muriat. ^], mellis, syrup.
absinth, aa 3ij. Make into an electuary. Ph. P.)
Given, when cinchona is  indicated.
   Opiatum  Mesenter'icum,  Electua'rium  de
A'loe, Muria'ti  Hydrar'gyri,  et Ferro.  (Gum.
ammon. §ss, senna 3VJ> hydrargyri submuriat.,
rad.  ari., aloes aocotrin.  aa ^ij, pulv.  acammon.
comp. (vulg. de tribua,) rhej. rad. aa,  giij, ferri
limatur.  porphyrieat. ^ss.   Bruise and mix  to-
gether, add of compiound ayrup of applea double
the weight of the other matters, and make into
an electuary.  Ph. P.)   Dose, £ss to gij, in ob-
structions of the liver, mesentery, Ac.
   OPIATUS, Opiated.
   OPION, Opium.
   OPISMA, Succus.
   OPIS'THENAR, Doraum manua, from oir«<r0£,
'backwards,' and  dcvap,  'the  flat of the hand.'
The back of the hand.
   OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput.
   OPISTHOCRANIUM, Occiput.
   OPISTHOCYPHOSIS, Cyphoma.
   OPISTHOLOB'IUM,Oj9ist/\o«'i«m, from otriadc,
 'behind,' and XojSiov, 'the lobe of the ear.'  Any
agent applied behind the ear.
   OPISTHOTIUM, Opistholobium.
   OPISTHOT'ONOS, Raptuapostergdnena, Tet'-
 anua doradlia, T. poati'cua, T. poatergdneua, from
 omaSc,  'backwards/  and  rcivw, 'I stretch.'   A
 species  of tetanus,  in which the body is bent
 backwards.
   OPIUM, see Papaver—0. Colatum, Extractum
 opii — o. Depuratum, Extractum opii—0. Eaters,
 Theriaki.
   OPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsamum.
   OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice.)
   OPODELDOC,  Opodeldoch.
   OPODEL'DOCH, Opodel'toch, Opodeldoc.  An
 nnmeaning term, frequently used by Paracelsus.
 Formerly, it signified a plaster for all external
 injuries; now, it  is applied to  the Linimentum
 Saponis Compositum.
  Opodeldoch, Steer's.  A liniment, called after
the inventor.  There  are many formulas for its
preparation.  The following is one. Sap. alb. lt>j,
camphor 2jij, ol. roriamarini f^iv, spiritua vini
rectificati Oij.  See Linimentum Saponis Compo-
situm.
  OPODYMUS, Diprosopus.
  OPOPIOS, Optic.
  OPOPONACUM, Pastinaca opoponax.
  OPOPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax.
  OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaca opoponax.
  OPO'RICE, from oiroipa, ' autumnal fruits.'  A
medicine,  composed of several  autumnal fruits,
particularly of quinces, pomegranates, Ac. and
wine.  It was formerly administered in dysen-
tery, diseases of the stomach, Ac.
  OPOS, Succus expressus — 0. Silphion, Laser-
pitinm.
  OPPIDULUM, Vulva.
  OPPILATIO, Emphraxis —o.Telas Cellulosas,
Induration of the cellular tissue.
   OPPILATIVUS, Obstruens.
   OPPO'NENS,(F.)t9/>poga7ir,fromo5,andjoo7iere,
'to place.'   That which faces or is put in opposi-
tion to something.  The name has been given to
two muscles of the hand.
   Opponens Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpo-metacarpien
du petit doigt (Ch.), Metacarpien  du petit doigt,
(F.) Oppoaant du petit doigt.   This  muscle has
the same shape and arrangement as the preceding,
but is  of less size.  It is situate in the hypothe-
nar eminence.  Its fibres are inserted into the
anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter-
minate on the whole length  of the inner edge of
the  5th metacarpal bone.   This  muscle  carries
the 5th metacarpal bone forwards and  outwards,
and thus augments the concavity  of the palm of
the hand.
   Opponens Pol'licis, Flexor oaaia metacar'pi
 pollicia, Opponena pollieia manua, Flexor primi
interno'dii  (Douglass,) Antiih'enar sive aemi-in-
 teroaaeua pollicia,  (F.)  Carpo -mitacarpien  du
 pouce  (Ch.) Metacarpien du pouce,  Opposant du
 Pouce. A  small,  flat, triangular  muscje, situate
 in the substance of the thenar eminence.  It is
 attached, on the one hand, to the anterior annu-
 lar ligament of the carpus and to the trapezium ;
 and, on the other, to  the whole of the outer mar-
 gin of the  first metacarpal bone.   This muscle
 impresses on the first bone  of the metacarpus a
 movement of rotation, which opposes the  thumb
 to the other fingers.
   OPPOSANT, Opponens—o.  du Petit doigt,
 Opponens minimi digiti—o. du Pouce, Opponens
 pollicis.
   OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression—0. Noc-
 turna, Incubus.
   OPPRESSION, Oppres'sio,  Thlipsis,  Cata-
 thlipa'ia, from opprimere (ob, and premere, prea-
 aum,)  'to press against.'   A state,  in  which the
 patient experiences a sensation of weight in the
 part affected.  When employed  abstractedly, it
 means, particularly,  Opprcaaion of the  cheat —
 Oppreaaio Pec'toria, (F.) 0. de Poitrine.
   Oppression, Opprea'aio vir'ium, (F.)  Opprea-
 aion dea forcea, is, also, used for that condition, at
 the commencement of fevers, Ac, in  which)the
 system is oppressed rather than  debilitated, and
 where the vascular action  rises, as the  obstruc-
 tion to free circulation  is  relieved  by bleeding,
 purging, Ac.
    OPS, Eye.
    OPSEONUSI,  Opsionusi.
    OPSIALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
    OPSIONU'SI, Opaeonu'ai, from tu^lis,  'vision,'
  and  vovaos, 'a disease/ Morbi viaus.  Diseases
  of vision. 
OPSIOTOCIA
621
ORBIT
  OPSIOTOCIA, from o±t, 'too late,' and roKos,
'birth;' Partua aero'tinux.   Parturition after the
usual period.  See Pregnancy.
  OPS IS, Pupil,  Vision.
  OPSOMA'NIAC, Opaom'anea, (F.)  Opaomane,
from o -.i,i, 'aliment,' and pavia.  One who loves
some particular aliment to madness.
  OPTESIS, Assatio.
  OPTIC, Op'ticua, Opo'pioa, from onropai, 'I
see.'  That which relates to vision.
  OPTIC  CENTRE, Centrum op'ticum.   The
optic centre of  the  crystalline is the  point at
which the various rays proceeding from an object
cross in their way to the retina.
  Optic Commissure, see Chiasmus.
  Optic Foramkn,  Fora'men op'ticum, (F.)  Trou
optique.   A round opening in  the sphenoid bone,
near the base of its lesser ala,  through which the
optic nerve passes.
  Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubereula.
  Optic Groove. A transverse groove on the su-
perior surface of  the sphenoid  bone, on which the
commissure of the optic nerve rests, and which is
continuous on each side with the optic foramen.
  Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubereula.
  Optic Nerve, Nervua op'ticua, Par aecun'dum
seu op'ticum seu  viso'rium, Nerve of the 2d pair,
Nervua  visivua  seu viao'riua, Ocular nerve of
Chaussier.  The  optic nerves  are remarkable for
their size; for  their  running a longer course
within than without, the cranium;  and  for  their
furnishing no branch from their origin to  their
termination.  They do not seem to arise, as was
long supposed, from the optic thalami, but  from
the tubereula quadrigemina.  Immediately  after
their origin the optic tracta, Tractua op'ticua, pro-
ceed forwards; are, at first, broad  and flat; but
afterwards become narrower and round.  In front
of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and decussate,
each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen
with the ophthalmic artery.   The nerve passes
to the back part  of the globe of the eye, becomes
narrower, and enters that organ to give rise to the
nervous expansion called the retina.  Besides its
neurilemma, the  optic nerve is surrounded  by a
sheath, furnished by the dura mater.  This ac-
companies it as far as the eye.
  The optic nerve is the nerve of  special sensi-
bility of the eye.
  Optic Remedy, see Ophthalmic remedy.
  Optic Thalami,  Thalami nervorum opticorum
—o. Tracts, see Optic nerve.
   OP TIC0- TROCHLEI-SCLEROTICIEN,
Oblique, superior of the eye.
  OPTICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
  OPTILOS, Eye.
  OPTOM'ETER,  from  onropai,  'I  see,' and
pcrpuv, ' a measure.'  An instrument for measuring
the distance of distinct vision.
  OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia.
   OR, Gold—o.  Cyanure, d, see Gold—o. Divisi,
see Gold—o. Hydrochlorate d',  see Gold—o. lodure
d',  see Gold — o. A'itromuriate d', see Gold — o.
 Oxide d', see Gold—o et de Sodium, chlorure d',
see Gold—o. et  de  Sonde, Hydrochlorate d, see
(Jold—o. et de Soude, Muriate d,' see Gold.
  ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.)
  ORACH, STINKING, Chenopodium vulvaria.
  ORAL,  (F.)   Oral,  Vocal,   from os, oris, 'a
mouth.'   Relating  to the mouth or to speech.
  ORANGE,  FLOWERS OF THE, see Citrus
aurantium — o. Root, Hydrastis Canadensis — o.
Tree, Citrus aurantium.
  ORANGEADE.   A drink,  made with  orange
juice diluted  with  water.  It is antiphlogistic,
and often recommended in acute diseases.
  ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium — o. Curas-
soa, Aurantia curassaventia.
  ORBES CARTILAGINOSI TRACHEA, see
Trachea.
  OBICULAIRE  DES LEVRES, Orbicularis
oris — o. des Paupierea, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
  ORBICULAR,  Orbiculdria,  from orbia,  'a
circle.'  Spherical, circular.
  Orbicular Bone, Oa orbiculdre seu lenticu-
la're seu Sylvii seu orbiculdre Syl'vii, Glob'ulus
atap'edia ossis, Epiph'ysis cruris longio'ria in'cu-
dii,  Oaaic'ulum orbiculdre seu aquamo'aum seu
cochleare seu quartum, is the smallest of the four
bones of the ear. It is scarcely perceptible, round,
convex on two surfaces, and situate between the
long  ramus  of the incus and  the head of the
stapes.
  Orbicular Muscles  are muscles with circular
fibres surrounding some natural opening of the
body.  1. Orbiculdria Oria, Sphincter Labio'rum,
Semi\el Demi-orbicula'rie, Supra-eemi-orbicula'-
ria,  Conatric'tor Oria,   Ldbidlia,  Oaculato'riua,
Baaidtor, (F.) Labial, Orbiculaire dea levrea.  A
muscle  situate in the substance of the lips, and
extending from one commissure  to the other.
It is formed of two very distinct  portions, of a
semi-oval shape; one belonging to the upper lip,
the other to the lower.  Their extremities  cross
at the commissures, and are confounded with the
other muscles of the parts. The use of this fleshy
muscle is to bring the lips together, and to close
the aperture  of the  mouth, by making it repre-
sent a sort of bourrelet with radiated wrinkles.
It is an antagonist to every other  muscle of the
lips.  2. Orbicularia Palpebrdrum, Orbicularis
oc'uli, Orbicularia palpebrdrum cilia'ria, Palpe-
brarum duo mua'culi, Maxil'lo-palpibral, Palpe-
bra'lia,  Conatrict'or palpebra'rum, Sphincter Pal-
pebrdrum seu  Oculi, (F.) Naao-palpebral (Ch.),
Palpebral, Orbiculaire dea paupierea. A muscle
common to both the eyelids, and  seated  in their
substance.   It  is broad, thin, transversely oval,
and  cleft in its great diameter.  It is attached to
the nasal process of the superior maxillary bone;
to the internal angular process of the frontal  bone,
and  to the orbitar process of the.superior maxil-
lary bone.  From these origins the muscle passes
outwards, under the skin of the eyelids, surround-
ing  the  orbit in a circular manner, extending
somewhat beyond it, and covering  the upper part
of the cheek.  It is inserted into the skin of the
eyelids, its upper and inner edge being intimately
connected with the frontal and corrugator  mus-
cles.  Its use is to close the eye, by bringing the
eyelids  together.  The part of the  orbicularis
which covers the  cartilages of the  eyelids, and
which is remarkably thin, is the Musculua Cilia-
ria of some authors.
   ORBICULARIS  OCULI, Orbicularis palpe-
brarum, see Orbicular muscles — o. Oris, see Or-
bicular  muscles — o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular
muscles — o. Palpebrarum ciliaris,  see Orbicular
muscles—o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus.
   ORBICULUS  CILIARIS,  Ciliary  ligament,
Ciliary  zone.
   ORBIS GENU, Patella. .
   ORBIT, Or'bita,  0. oc'uli,  Troch'ia, Conchus
seu  Cav'itae seu  Fo'vea seu Pelvic'ula oc'uli,
from orbia, 'a  circle.'   The circular cavities are
so called, which lodge the organs  of sight.   The
orbita or orbitar foaaa or cavitiea, conchi, xoyvoi,
are situate at the upper part of the face,  and are
composed of seven bones,  viz.: — the frontal,
above: the palate and euperior maxillary, below;
the aphenoid and malar, externally; and  the eth-
moid and lachrymal, internally.    The  orbit is
filled by the globe of the eye, with its  different
accessary parts — muscles,  nerves,  vessels, the
lachrymal gland, Ac. Its margin is termed margo
orbita'lis. 
ORBITA                 622              ORGANISATIO
  ORBIT A, Orbit— o. Oculi, Orbit.
  ORBITAL  FISSURE,  INFERIOR,  Sphe-
noidal fissure — o. Fissure,  superior,  Maxillary
fissure.
  OR'BITAR,  Orbitdriua,  Orbitdlis, Or'bital.
Same etymon.   Relating or belonging  to  the
orbit.
  Orbitar Apoph'yses or Proc"esses terminate
the two extremities of the orbitar arch.  The ex-
ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated
with the cheek-bone ; the internal is thinner, and
joins the os unguis.
  Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the
projecting, round margin,  which  separates the
frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os frontis, and
forms a part of the circumference of the orbit.
  Or'bitar Fissures,   (F.) Fentes  orbitaires.
These are situate in the orbit.  They are two in
number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the other
inferior, the Spheno-maxillary.
  Orbitar Foram'ina.   Of these there are seve-
ral:— 1. The Foramen orbitarium snpe'rius, (F.)
 Trou orbitaire supirieur, which is  situate at the
junction of the inner third of the orbitar arch
with  its two outer thirds, and gives  passage to
the frontal nerve.  2.  The Foram'ina orbitdria
interio'ra  vel  inter'na,  Foram'ina  Ethmo'idea.
These are  situate at the upper part of the inter-
nal paries  of the orbit, are formed by the union
of two  notches of the os frontis with two similar
ones  of the ethmoid; and are  distinguished into
anterior and posterior.  The former gives passage
to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and
to a small artery.
  Orbitar Nerve, Nervus orbitdlia seu orbitd-
riua seu aubcutdneua mala, is a branch given off
from the superior maxillary.  It enters the  orbit
by  the  spheno-maxillary fissure, and divides into
two filaments; the one — malar—which passes
over,  the cheek-bone, is distributed to the orbicu-
laris  palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa-
cial nerve ;  the other — temporal — which passes
to the temporal fossae, and anastomoses with the
inferior maxillary and facial, to become after-
wards subcutaneous.
   ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLER 0 TICIEN, Rectus
externus oculi — o. Intua-Scliroticien,  Rectus in-
ternus  oculi — o. Maxillo-labial,  Levator  labii
superioris proprius — o. Palpebral, Levator pal-
pebras superioris—o. Sua-palpibral, Levator pal-
pebras superioris.
   ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis.
  ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia.
  ORCHAS, Scrotum.
  ORCHEI'TIS, Oechi'tia, Oschei'tia,  Inflamma'-
tio  acroti,  from  opjras,  ' the scrotum/ and itia,
denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation  of the
scrotum.
  Orcheitis, Hernia Jiumoralis.
  ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis.
  ORCHEOCELE, Orchiocele.
  ORCHEOTOMY, Castration.
  ORCHESTROMANIA, Chorea.
  ORCHIDAL'GIA, Orchol'gia,  Orchidodyn'ia,
from  opxts,  'a testicle,'  and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain
of the  testicle.   Neuralgia of the testicle.  Irri-
table testicle.   A form of neuralgia.
  ORCHIDATROPIITA,   Atroph'ia teetic'uli,
from op%ts, opxtios, 'a  testicle/  and atrophia,
' atrophy.'   Atrophy or wasting of the testicles.
  ORCHIDITIS, Hernia humoralis.
  ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS,  Orcheocatab'a-
sia, Deacen'aua teaticulo'rum, from op^ts, ' the tes-
tis,' and Kara&aais, ' descent.' The descent of the
testes into  the scrotum.
  ORCHIDOCELE, Hernia humoralis.
  ORCIIIDODYNIA, Orchidalgia.
  ORCIIIDONCUS, Hernia humoralis.
  ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration.
  ORCHILL, Lichen roccella.
  ORCHIOCE'LE,  Orcheoce'le, from opXts, 'the
testicle/ and 1C17X17, ' a rupture.'  A tumour of the
testicle.  Scrotal hernia.  Hernia humoralis.   A
name given to several  diseases  of the  testicle
and its envelopes, essentially differing from each
other.
  Orchioce'lB Scirrho'sa, Scirrhoce'le.  A ma-
lignant tumour of the testis.
  ORCHIS, Testicle—o. Butterfly, Orchis bifolia.
  ORCHIS MAS'CULA, Satyr'ion, Male Orchia, Tea-
tic'ulua cani'nua, Cynoaor'chia, Doga' atonea, Male
Foola' atonea, Twinroot. This root has had a place
in some  pharmacopoeias, on  account of the glu-
tinous, slimy juice it contains.  The root of the
Orchia bifolia  or Butterfly orchia, has likewise
been collected.  It has been used as a demulcent.
Its fancied aphrodisiac virtues seem to be owing
to its resemblance to op^u,  ' a testicle,' whence
its name.
  Salep  is  obtained from this variety of the or-
chis ; — and from the  Orchia morio,  Ac.  See
Salep.
  Orchis,  Round-leaved, Large, Platanthera
orbiculata.
   ORCHITE, Hernia humoralis.
  ORCHITIS,  Hernia humoralis.
  ORCHOI, see Tarsus.
  ORCHOTOMIA,  Castration.  Also, removal
of the tarsi.
  ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum.
  ORDEUM, Hordeum.
   ORDINAIRES, Menses.
   ORDONNANCE, Formula, Prescription.
   OREILLE D'HOMME, Asarum—o. de Souris,
Hieracium  pilosella.
   OREILLETTE, Asarum, Auricle of the heart.
   OREILLONS, Parotis, Cynanche parotidasa.
  ORELIA GRANDIFLORA, Allamanda.
   ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana.
  OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum—
o. Africanum,  Bubon galbaaum — 0. Legitimum,
Athamanta aureoselinum—o. Nigrum, Athamanta
aureoselinum.
   OREXIS, Appetite, Pyrosis—0. Cynodes, BoU-
limia.
   ORGAN, Or'ganum,  Or'ganon.   'An  instru-
ment.'   Part of an organized being, destined to
exercise  some  particular function.  Thus — the
eyes are organs  of  sight; the muscles are or-
gans  of  motion, Ac.  The collection  of organs,
which concur  in any function, is called  appa-

   ORGANA   GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN-
TIA, Genital  organs — o. Sudoripara, see Per-
spiration.        _,
   ORGANES GENITAUX, Genital organs.
   ORGAN'IC, Organ'icua.  Relating to an organ
or  organs, and to  beings possessed  of organs.
Hence, Organic Functions  are  those possessed
by both  animals and vegetables.   It is also used
synonymously with vital, in contradistinction to
phyaical.
   Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry.
   Organic Diseases  or Lesions  are  such  as
concern  the organ  itself, in contradistinction to
functional, rat"ional, or dynam'ic, which merely
concern  the function.   Of course,  organic  dis-
eases of a part are always  more  serious than
functional.
   Organic Nervous System, see  Trisplanchnio
nerve.
   ORGANICISM,  Organicism'us,  from  opyavov,
' an organ.'  The doctrine of the localization of
disease.  A modern term, but not much  used.
   ORGANISATIO, Organization. 
ORGANISATUS
623
OROS
  ORGANISATUS, Organized.
  OR'GANISM. Same etymon.  The living eco-
nomy.   Many physiologists have used this word
synonymously with organization; but more espe-
cially to designate the aggregate of vital actions
in organized beings, animals as well as vegetables.
The collection of parts composing an organized
body, and the laws which govern it.
  ORGANIZABILTTY, from organiaatio, and
habilia, ' suitable.'   Capability of organization or
of being formed into living tissue.   Substances
possessed of such capability — as fibrin—are said
to be organizable.
  ORGANIZABLE, see Organizability,
  ORGANIZATION, Organisdtio, from opyavov,
' an organ.'  The  manner of structure proper to
different beings. It is also employed in the sense
of  the structure of a part; as,  the organization
of the heart, Ac.
  Organization, Compounds of, Principles, im-
mediate.
   OR'GANIZED, Or'ganis instruc'tus,  Organi-
sa'tue.  That which is composed of organs.
  Organized Bodies, (F.) Corps organises, are
those endowed with life; i. e. animals and vege-
tables : in contradistinction to inorganic bodies,
which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus.
   ORGANOCHEMIA, Chymistry, organic
   ORGANOG"ENY, Organogen'ia, from opyavov,
'an organ,' and yevcats, 'generation.'  The doc-
trine of the formation of different organs.
   ORGANOGNO'SIA, from opyavov, 'organ/ and
yvwais, ' knowledge.'  The knowledge and discri-
mination of organized bodies.
  ORGANOG'RAPHY,  Organograph'ia,  from
opyavov, ' an  organ,' and ypatpn,  ' a description.'
A description of the organs of a living body.
   ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology.
   ORGANON OLFACTUS, Nasus.
   ORGANONOM'IA, from opyavov,  'an organ,'
and vopos,  ' a law.'  The doctrine of  the laws of
organic life.
   ORGANOZOONOMTA, Zoonomia.
   ORGANUM, Instrument.
  "ORGASM,  Orgas'mus,  Orgo'sis,  from opyata,
' I  desire ardently/ ' I am excited.'  QSstrua'tion.
A strong impulse or desire for something.  State
of excitement and turgescence of any organ what-
ever.   Erethism.   Applied particularly to the
height of  venereal excitement  in  sexual inter-
course.
   ORGASMUS, Turgescence.
   ORGAS'TICA.   Same  etymon.  The second
order of the class Genetica of  Good.  Defined:
diseases affecting the orgasm; organic or consti-
tutional infirmity  disordering the  power or the
desire of procreating.
   ORGE,  Rage.
   ORGE, Hordeum — o. PerlS,  see Hordeum.
   ORGEAT, Syrupus amygdalae.
   ORGELET, Hordeolum.
   ORGEOLET, Hordeolum.
   ORGOSIS, Orgasm.
   ORICHALCUM, Brass.
   ORICULAR, Auricular.
   ORICULE, Auricle, Pavilion  of the ear.
   ORIFIC1UM, Mouth—q. Dextrum Ventriculi,
Pylorus—o. Uteri, Os uteri—o.  Ventriculi Sinis-
trum. Card in.
   ORIG'ANUM, Origanum vulga're, Cuni'la bu'-
bula, Mar/ora'na mancura'na, 0. heracleot'icum,
Zazarhcn'tli  herba.  Wild mar'joram,  Common
marjoram, Mancura'na, (F.) Pied de lit. Family.
Labiatas.   Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia.
This plant resembles marjoram in smell; and has
* pungent taste, much like thyme.  It is  aromatic
and stimulant;  and its oil possesses the proper-
ties of the essential oils in general.   The oil,
oleum origani (Ph. U. S.), is very pungent, and
is rarely given internally. It is used in toothach.
  Origanum Aquaticum, Eupatorium  cannabi-
num—o. Creticum, 0. dictamnus.
  Origanum Dictam'nus, Dictamnus  Cret'icus,
0. Creticum, Amar'acus tomento'eus, Oni'tis, Ditt'-
any of Crete, (F.) Dictamne de  Crete. The leaves
of this plant were once recommended as emme-
nagogue and alexipharmic.
  Origanum Heracleoticum,  Origanum.
  Origanum Majora'na, Marjordna, 0. majora-
noi'des, Majorana, M. horten'sis, Sweet marjoram,
Samp'sucus, Agriorig'anum, Amar'acus, (F.) Mar-
jolaine.  Its odour is strong and fragrant; taste
aromatic and bitterish.   Its properties  are those
of a stomachic and  errhine.  It is chiefly used,
however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff in
headaeh.
  Origanum Syriacum, Teucrium marum.
  ORIGIN AIRE (F.), from origo, 'origin.' This
term has  been  used, by French writers, in the
same sense as congenital.  It is particularly ap-
plied to affections depending upon faulty confor-
mation, or to faulty conformation itself.
  ORIGO, Arche.
  ORISMOLOGY, Terminology.
  ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana.
  ORME, Appetite.
   ORME, Ulmus.
  ORMSKIRK  MEDICINE.  A celebrated an-
tilyssic remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv. Cre-
ta, ^ss ; Bol. Armen. ^iij ; Alumin. gr. x; Pulv.
Inula, 2[j i 01. Anisi, gtt. vj.
  This is taken for a dose every morning for six
times,  in a glass of water, with a small proportion
of fresh milk.
  ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM,  see Tube,
Fallopian.
  ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM. A South
African plant, Nat. Ord. Asphodeleas, the fleshy
bulb of which is diuretic. An oxymel is prepared
of it, which is given  in catarrh, asthma, phthisis,
and hydrothorax. It resembles squill in its me-
dical properties.
  Ornithogalum Maritimum, Scilla—o. Squilla,
Scilla.
  ORNITHOGLOSS^E, see Fraxinus excelsior.
  ORNUS EUROP^EA, see Fraxinus ornus—o.
Mannifera,  Fraxinus  ornus — o.  Rotundifolia,
Fraxinus ornus — o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel-
sior.
  OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  Epifdgus
America'nus, E.  Virginia'nus, Virgin'ia broom-
rape,  Beech-drops,  Cancer-root.   Family,  Oro-
banchoideae.  This parasitic plant is astringent,
and a peculiar and extremely nauseous bitter.
It  is most powerful when  fresh.  It  has  been
used in dysentery;  and, externally, to obstinate
ulcers.
   Oroban'che  America'na, and 0. Uniflo'ra,
have the same properties, and are, likewise, called
 Cancer-root, Earth-club, and Clapwort.
   OROBE, Ervum ervilia,
   OROBION, see Ervum ervilia.
   OROBOi'DES. from opo&os, 'the orobus,' and
ctios, ' form.'  Orobo'des.  Having the shape of the
orobus.  A name given to urine,  Urina orobo'des
seu orobo'i'des,  when depositing a substance of a
fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus.
   OROBUS, Ervum ervilia—o. Faba, Vicia faba.
   ORONGE, see Agaric.
   OROPHALL'US.  from opos,  or oppos,  'the
rump.' and ^<iXXo{, ' the male organ.'  A monster
having a second male organ originating from the
rump.— Gurlt.
   OilOS, Croupion, Serum. 
ORPIMENT               624                     OS
  OR'PIMENT,  Auripigmen'tum, Orpin, Risi-
gal'lum, Risaigallum, Cloanx, Elome, Sira, Lemp-
niaa, Spec'ulum cit'rinum, Yridea, Yride.    The
native yellow sulphuret of arsenic.  It is poison-
ous, but less so than the oxide.  It is, also, called
Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahueal, Althanacha, Azarnet.
The  Turks prepare a  depilatory with it,  which
they call Rusma.
  ORPIN, Orpiment—o. Brulant,  Sedum — o.
Grand,  Sedum' telephium — o.  Reprise, Sedum
telephium.
  ORPINE, Sedum telephium.
  ORRHOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, serous.
  ORRHOCYST'IS,  from  oppos,  'serum/  and
Kvarts,  'a bladder.'  An encysted tumour  con-
taining a serous fluid.
  ORRHOHYMENITIS, Hydrohymenitis.
  ORRHOPYG'ION.  The inferior extremity of
the vertebral column ; from opos,' extremity,' and
irvyn, 'the nates.'  The os coccygis.  Also,  the
raphe, extending  from the penis to the anus, and
separating the scrotum into two parts.
  ORRHORRHCE'A, from  oppos,  'serum,'  and
peu, ' I flow.'   A morbidly increased  secretion of
a serous fluid.
  ORRHOS, Croupion, Serum.
  ORRIS, Iris   Florentina — o.  Common,  Iris
Germanica.
  ORSEILLE, Lichen roccella.
  ORTEIL, Digitus pedis.
  ORTHOCO'LUM, from opdos,  'straight,'  and
kioXov, ' limb.'  Stiffness of the limb, so that it is
kept quite straight.
  ORTHODO'RON. A measure with the Greeks,
equal to eleven finger-breadths.
  0 R T H 0 G' NAT II0 U S,  from opQos, '' right,
straight,'  and  yvados, 'jaw.'  Having a vertical
jaw.  A term applied to the  form of head in
which  the facial angle   approaches  the right
angle.
  ORTHOMORPHIA, Orthopasdia.
  ORTHOMORPHOSIS, Orthopasdia.
  ORTHONTROPIA, Orthopasdia.
  ORTHOP^EDI'A, Orthopa'dice, Orthomor'phia,
Orthomorpho'sia, Orthontrop'ia, Orthoped'ice, from
opSos, 'right,'  and irais, 'a child.'  The part of
medicine whose object is to prevent and correct
deformity in the bodies of children.  Often used,
however, with a more extensive signification, to
embrace the correction or prevention of deformi-
ties at all ages.   Orthoaomat'ica, Orthoaomat'ice,
from opdos, 'right,' and  awpa,  'body/ has  been
proposed as a  preferable term.
  ORTHOPE'DIC, OrtAc^ce'o^cus; same etymon.
Relating  to orthopasdia, — as Orthopedic Inatitu-
tion, Institu'tum orthopa'dicum seu orthopa'dium :
an institution  for the correction or prevention of
deformities in  children.
  ORTHOPEDICS, Orthopasdia.
  ORTHOPE'DIST,  Ortho'ter,  Orthopa'dicus,
same etymon.   One who practises orthopasdia.
  ORTHOPHREN'IC,  Orthophren'icua,   from
opdos, ' right/ and tppnv,  ' mind.'   Relating to
sound  mind.
  ORTHOPNCE'A,  Suffocdtio,  Stranguldtio,
Prafocdtio,  Pnix, ■ Pnigmua,  Euthyp'noe,  Eu-
thypna'a, Angor, Apnce'a,  from opSos, 'right,'
' straight,' and nvcw, ' I respire.'   Impracticability
of breathing in the horizontal posture.  Necessity
of being in the erect posture, in order to respire.
  Orthopncea Cardiaca, Angina Pectoris — o.
Convulsiva, Asthma — o. Cynanchica,  Cynanche
trachealis—o.  Hydrothoracica,  Hydrothorax—o.
Hysterica. Angone—o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopnoea
—o. Tussiculosa, Pertussis.
   ORTHOSOMATICE, Orthopasdia.
  ORTHOSOMATIQUE, Orthopasdia.
  ORTHOTER, Orthopedist.
  ORTHYSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus uteri.
  ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
  ORTIE, Urtica—o. Blanche, Lamium album—
o.  Brulante,  Urtica urens — o. Mortc,  Lamium
album—o. Morte des Bois, Galeopsis—o. Romaine,
Urtica  pilulifera.
  ORTYX, Tetrao coturnix.
  ORUS,  Croupion, Serum.
  OR VALE, Salvia sclarea.
  ORVIETA'NUM.  From  the  Italian  Orvie-
tano.   An electuary regarded as an invaluable
antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried vi-
pers, Scorzonera, Carlina, Imperatorium, Angel-
ica, Bistort, Rosemary, Juniper, Cinnamon, Cloves,
Mace, Honey, and a crowd of other substances.
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in some re-
spects,  those  of the theriac.  It was  so  called,
according to some, because invented by Orvietano,
a celebrated charlatan;  or, according to  others,
from Orvieto, a town in Italy.
  ORY'ZA, from  Orez,  (Arab.,)  Ory'za. sati'va,
Rice, (F.) Riz. Family,  Gramineas. Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.  A plant, almost aquatic,
and indigenous in China, one of the richest pro-
ductions of  Egypt, and  which prospers in  the
warmer regions of the four quarters of the globe.
The grain inclosed in the husk is called by the
Malays Paddy, Padi, or Paddie ; when deprived
of the  husk,  Brae, and when boiled Naai.  Its
amylaceous seeds, Ory'za, Ory'zum,  Hordeum ga-
lac'ticum, nourish more men than those of wheat
and rye together.   Besides being alimentary, they
are demulcent and  emollient.   Gardiner'a  ali-
mentary preparation- is very finely  ground rice-
meal.
  Mucilage of Rice, Rice water, may be  formed
by taking one ounce of rice, and, having washed
it, macerating it  for  three hours in a quart of
tepid soft water, in a pan placed upon a stove;
then boiling  the whole slowly for another hour,
and straining through a sieve.
  It may be sweetened and acidulated, or be
prepared with milk, like arrow-root, and be used
as a demulcent.
  Rice Jelly  is made by macerating a sufficient
quantity of clean rice in as  much water as  will
cover it; boiling slowly, adding water as it evap-
orates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweeten-
ing and flavouring with  lemon-juice or vanilla,
and passing through a fine sieve  into a form or
mould. It may be eaten alone or with milk;  and
is  a good  diatetic  preparation for those of weak
digestive powers.
  Ground rice.  Take a  tablespoonful of ground
rice; a pint and a half of milk, and  half an ounce
of candied lemon-peel. Rub the rice smooth with
the milk: then add the lemon-peel  cut into small
pieces; boil  for half an hour,  and strain whilst
the milk is hot.  It is used in the  same cases as
rice jelly.
  OS,  Bone,  Mouth, see Ossiculum — o. Acromii,
Acromion — o. ad Cubitale, Radius — o. Adjuto-
rium,  Humeri os — o. Alasforme, Sphenoid — o.
Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum—o. Amphideon, Os uteri
— o. Anonyme, Innominatum os—o. Anonymum,
Innominatum os — o. Anticum, Avant bouche—o.
Arcuale, Temporal bone — o. Armale,  Temporal
bone—o. Asser, Sternum—o. de I'Aaaiette, Ischion
— o. Azygos,  Sphenoid — o. Ballistas, Astragalus
— o. Basilare, Occipital bone,  Palate bone,  Sa-
crum,  Sphenoid — o. Baxillare, Sphenoid—o. Bi-
corne,  Hyoides os—o. Brachiale, Humeri os — o.
Brachii, Humeri os — o. Calcis, Calcaneum — o.
Capitatnm, Magnum os—o. Caudae, Occipital bone
—o. Clunium, Sacrum—o. Coccygis, Coccyx — o.
Colatorium, Ethmoid bone — o. Coliforme,  Eth- 
OS
625
OSCHOPYCEDEMA
moid—o. Convolutum superius, Turbinated bone,
middle — o. Coronale,  Frontal  bone — o. Coxae,
Innominatum os — o.  Coxal, Innominatum os,
Ischion—o.  Cribleux, Ethmoid — o. Cribriforme,
Ethmoid—o. Cribrosum, Ethmoid—o. Cristatum,
Ethmoid—o. Crochu, Os uniciforme.
   OS  CROTOPHALE.  A  name  given by M.
B6clard to a bone  sometimes met with at the an-
terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; from
uporatpos, ' the temple.'
   Os  Crotaphiticum, Temporal bone — o. Cubi-
cum,  Ethmoid bone—o. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna—o.
de la  Cuisse, Femur—o. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid —
o. Cuneo comparatum, Sphenoid—o. Cymbiforme,
Scaphoid bone — o. Disciforme, Patella — o. Du-
rum,  Temporal bone—o. Ensiforme, Sternum.
   OS EP ACT ALE.  A name given to one of the
ossa Wormiana; particularly to one met with in
the posterior fonlanelle, and which has been de-
scribed by G. Fischer, under the name Oa  Epac-
tale sen  Goethian'um.
   OS EPACTA UN, Wormiana ossa.
   Os Externum.  The entrance into the vagina,
in contradistinction to the Oa  inter'num  or Oa
u'teri.
   Os Extra Ordinem  Carpi,  Os pisiforme — o-
Fibrosum,  Occipital bone — o.  Foraminulentum,
Ethmoid — o. Frontis,  Frontal bone — o. Genas,
Mala)  os—o. Gladioli,  Sternum—o. Grand, Mag-
num os—o. Grand, col du, Collum ossis magni—
o. Grandinosum, Cuboid—o. Gutturis, Hyoides os
— o. Hamatum, Os unciforme — o. Hors du rang,
Os pisiforme—o. Hypopium, Mains os—o. Hypse-
loides, Hyoides os — o. Inconjugatum, Sphenoid
—o. Incudi similis, Incus—o. Inferius ventriculi,
Pylorus—o. Innomini, Innominatum os—o. Inter-
calia, Wormiana ossa—o. Internum, Os uteri—o.
Inverecundum, Frontal bone — o. Ischii, Ischion
— o.  Interparietale,  Interparietal bone — o. Ju-
gale,  Malas os — o. Jugamentum, Malos os — o.
Juguli, Clavicle — o. Lacrymale,  Unguis  os—o.
Lambda, Occipital bone—o. Lambdoides, Hyoides
os, Occipital bone—o.  Lapideum, Temporal bone
—o. Latum, Sacrum—o. Latum humeri,  Scapula,
— o.  Lenticulare,  Os orbiculare, Os pisiforme—o.
Lepidoides, Temporal  bone—o. Linguae, Hyoides
os—o. Linguale, Hyoides os—o. Lithoides, Tem-
poral  bone — o. Magnum, neck  of the, Collum
ossis  magni — o. Malaire,  Malas  os — o. Malare,
Malas os — o. Maxillas superioris  undecimum,
Vomer—o. Maxillaire  infericure, Collum mandi-
1 ulas—o. Memento mori, Temporal bone—o. Me-
morial, Occipital bone—o. Mendosum, Temporal
lone — o. Morsus  Adauii, Thyroid  cartilage — o.
Ilucronatum, Xiphoid cartilage—o. Multangulum
majus, Trapezium os — o. Multangulum minus,
Trapezoides  os —  o. Multiforme,  Ethmoid,  Sphe-
noid—o. Naeaux, Nasal bones—o. Naviculare, Os
scaphoides—o. Nervale, Temporal bone—o. Ner-
vorum, Occipital bone—o. Occipiti, Occipital bone
—o. Orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. du Palaie, Pa-
late bone — o. Palati, Palate bone — o.  Palatin,
Palate bone — o. Papillare, Sphenoid — o.  Parie-
t;:te inferius, Temporal  bone—o. Paxillare, Sphe-
noid— o- Pectinis, Pubis,  os — o. Pectoris, Ster-
num— o. Pelvi-cephalicum,  Occipital bone — o.
Pelvis latefale, Innominatum os — o. Perone, Fi-
bula—o. Petrosum, Temporal bone—o. Polymor-
paon,  Sphenoid—o. de la Pommette, Malas  os—o.
Posterum,  Pharynx—o. Prasruptas rupi assimila-
tum, Temporal bone — o. Procnbitale, Ulna — o.
Propria du uez. Nasal  bones—o Prorae, Occipital
bone—o. Pudicum, Malas os—o.  Puppis, Frontal
bone, Occipital bone—o. Pyramidale carpi, Trape-
loides os—o. Pyxidis, Occipital bone—o. Ration-
is, Frontal bone — o. du Rayon, Radius — o. Sa-
crum,  Sacrum — o. Saxeum,  Temporal bone — o.
        40
Scutiforme, Patella—o. Sedentarium, see Ischiatio
—o. Semilunare, Lunare os—o. Sextum cranii, Oc-
cipital bone — o. du Sinciput, Parietal bones, see
Sinciput—o. Sous-ethmo'idal,  Turbinated bone,
inferior—o.  Sphosno-basilare, Occipital bone—o.
Sphecoides,  Sphenoid—o. Sphenoidale, Sphenoid
—o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid—o. Spongiosum, Eth-
moid—o. Spongiosum inferius, Turbinated bone,
inferior — o. Spongiosum  medium, Turbinated
bone,  middle—o. Spongiosum superius, Turbina-
ted bone, middle, Turbinated bone, superior—o.
Spongoides,  Ethmoid—o. Squamosum,  Temporal
bone —  o. Suboculare, Malas  os — o.  Surnume-
rairea, Wormiana ossa — o. Suamaxiltetire, Maxil-
lary (superior) bone—o. Sylvii, Os orbiculare—o.
Temporis, Temporal  bone—o. Tessera, Cuboid—
o. Thyreoides, Patella—o. Tibias minus, Fibula
— o. Tineas, Os uteri — o.  Triangulairee, Wormi-
ana   ossa—o.  Turbinatum,  Turbinated  bone,
middle — o.  Turbinatum  inferius,  Turbinated
bone,  inferior—o. Uncinatum, Os unciforme—o.
Upsiloides, Hyoides os — o. Varium, Cuboid—o.
Vespiforme, Sphenoid — o. Vomeris, Vomer—o.
 Wormiens, Wormiana ossa—o. Xiphoides, Ster-
num— o. Ypseloides, Hyoides os — o. Zygomati-
cum,  Malas os.
   Os  U'teri,  Os tinea, Protos'porna,  Oa  inter-
num,  Oa amphid'eon seu amphid'eum, Os'cheon,
Hysteros'toma, Os'eulum u'teri,  Hysterostom'ium,
Orifin"ium u'teri, (F.) Museau de Tanche.   The
mouth of the womb, see Uterus.
  OSCEDO, Yawning.
  0 S C H M M A T CE D E ' M A,   Oschamcede 'ma,
QSde'ma scroti cruen'titm; from oo)riov, 'scrotum,'
'aipa,  ' blood,' and  oiinpa, ' oedema.'  Effusion of
blood  into the scrotum.
   OSCHiEMCEDEMA, Oschasmatcedema.
   0SC11E, Scrotum.
   OSCHEITIS, Orcheitis, Oschitis.
   OSCIIEOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney-
sweepers'.
  OSCHEOCE'LE, Oschoce'le, from oaXcov,  'the
scrotum,' and K17X17, 'tumour;' Scrotal hernia, see
Bubonocele.  Sauvages uses  it in  the sense of
Dropsy  of the scrotum, see Hydrocele.
   Oscheocele Aquosa, Hydroscheocele—o.  Fla-
tulenta, Physocele—o. Hydatidosa,  Hydatidocele
—o. (Edematica, (Edematoscheocele—o. Semina-
lis, Spermatocele—o.  Urinalis, Urocele—o. Vari-
cosa,  Varicocele.
   0SCHE0N, Scrotum, Os uteri.
   OSCHEON'CUS,  Oschon'cus,  Oscheophy'ma,
 Oschophy'ma,  from oaxcov, ' scrotum,' and oyieos,
' a tumour.'  A preternatural swelling  of the
scrotum,
   OSCHEOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus.
   OSCHEOPLAS'TIC,  Oscheoplas'ticua, from
osxtovt ' the  scrotum,' and nXaacw, ' I form.'  An
epithet  given  to the  operation for  restoring the
scrotum when lost.
   OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA, Oachopycede'ma, QSde'-
ma acroti purulen'tum.  Purulent tumefaction of
the scrotum.
   OSCHEUS, Scrotum.
   OS'CHION.  The raised margin of the os uteri.
According to  some, an excrescence from  the  os
uteri.
   OSCHI'TIS, Orcheitia, Oachei'tia, Inflamma'tio
acroti, from otr^tov, 'the scrotum,'  and itis, 'in-
flammation.'  Inflammation of the scrotum.
   OSCHOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney-
sweepers'.
   OSCHOCELE, Oscheocele.
   OSCHONCUS. Oscheoncus.
   OSCHOPHYMA, Oscheoncus.
   OSCHOPYCEDEMA, Oscheopvosdema. 
OSCHURCEDEMA
626
OSSIFICATION
  OSCHURCEDE'MA ;  from oax">v, 'scrotum,'
ovpov, 'urine,' and otinpa,  'oedema.'   (Edema
from effusion of urine into the scrotum.
  OSCHUS, Scrotum.
  OSCHYDRCEDE'MA, from oaxcov, 'scrotum,'
'viiap, ' water,'  and  oiiiipa,  ' oedema.'   QSdema
acroti aquo'sum.   Watery oedema of the scrotum.
  OSCILLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation.
  OSCILLA'TION,  Oscilldtio; from  oscillum,
' an image perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes,
and swung up and down in  the air.' Vibration,
Vibra'men,  Vibra'tio, Vibra'tus.   Also, a partial
rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its
antero-posterior axis.
  OS'CITANT (FEVER), Febris  os'citans, (E.)
Fiivre oscitante, from oscitare, 'to yawn.' A fever,
in which the patient is continually yawning.
  OSCITATIO, Yawning.
  OSCULATORIUS, Orbicularis oris.
  OSCULUM UTERI,  Os uteri.
  OSCUS, Scrotum.
   OSEILLE, Rumex acetosa — o. Boucher, Ru-
mex scutatus — o. Petite, Rumex scutatus — o.
Ronde, Rumex scutatus—o. Rouge, Rumex san-
guineus.
  OS'MAZOME,  Os'mozome, Osmazo'ma,  Osmo-
zo'ma, Zomod'mum,  (F.)  Matiere  extractive  du
Bouillon; Extrac'five of meat, Saponaceous extract
of meat;  from oapij,  'smell/ and  typos, 'soup.'
M. Thenard gave  this  name to  an extractive
matter, contained in muscular flesh and in the
blood of animals, which  he considers of a peculiar
nature. It has an agreeable smell  and taste, and
is found in Bouillons of meat, in the proportion
of one part to seven of gelatin.   Vauquelin dis-
covered  in  it some fungi.   It is  the  substance
which gives the flavour  of meat  to soups, and
hence its name.   It has  been prescribed in the
dose of  3SS to 5JJ> in broth or in powder, with
aromatics, as a stimulant to the digestive actions
and a restorer of appetite in convalescence.   An
 Osmazome chocolate,  Ghocoldta cum osmazo'ma,
has  been introduced as an  analeptic  article  of
diet.  It consists of chocolate Ibj to oamazome ^j.
   OSME, Odour.
   OSMESIS, Olfaction.
   OSMIDRO'SIS, from oap-q, 'odour,' and 'tiptas,
' sweat.'  Perspiration of an unusual odour.
   OSMITOPSTS  ASTERISCOI'DES,  Bellie.
A plant, of the Cape of Good Hope, which, from
its smell and taste, seems  to contain  camphor;
hence its antispasmodic virtues.   In infusion, it
 is often beneficially employed  in  cough, hoarse-
ness, and diseases of the  chest generally, and is
 said to be serviceable in flatulent colic.  Infused
 in spirit, apir'itua bellidia, it has  been  used suc-
 cessfully  as an external remedy in paralysis.
   OSMOMETRICUS SENSUS, Olfaction.
   OSMON'OSI,  Oamonu'si, Morbi olfac'tua, from
 oopn, ' odour,' and voaos, ' a  disease.'  Diseases of
 olfaction.
   OSMONOSOLOG"IA, from oopn, 'odour,' voaos,
 'disease,' and Xoyos, 'description.'  The doctrine
 of, or a treatise on, the diseases of the sense of
 smell.
   OSMORRHI'ZA LONGIS'TYLIS, Sweet
 Cic"ely.  An indigenous plant, Order Umbelli-
 feras, which flowers in  May and June.  It is an
 agreeable aromatic, having  much of the flavour
 of anise.
   OSMOZOME, Osmazome.
   OSMUND. ROYAL, Osmunda regalis.
   OSMUN'DA  CINNAMO'MEA,  Cinnamon
 Fern.  Indigenous : Order, Filices ; is regarded
 to be demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Boiled
 in milk, it yields a fine mucilage,  which is useful
 in diarrhoea.
  Osmun'da Rega'lis, Filix Flor'ida,  Oemund-
royal.  This plant was once thought to possrsi
astringent and emmenagogue virtues.
  OSORON. Opium.
  OSPHRANTERICUS, Olfactory.
  OSP1IRANTICOS, Olfactory.
  OSPHRASIA, Olfaction.
  OSPHRESIOL'OGY,  Oephreeiolog"ia,  from
oatppnais,  ' odour,'  and Xoyos,  ' a  discourse.'  A
treatise on olfaction and odours.
  OSPHRESIS, Olfaction.
  OSPHRETIC US, Olfactory.
  OSPHRIS'TICE,  from oatppnais,  'olfaction.'
The doctrine of the phenomena of odours.
  OSPHYALGEMA, Coxalgia.
  OSPHYALGIA, Coxalgia.
  OSPHYARTHRITIS, Osphyitis.
  OSPHYARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus.
  OSPHYI'TIS,  Osphy'tia, Oaphyarthritia, In-
flamma'tio coxa,  from oatpvs, ' the hip,' and itia,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts
about the hip.
  OSPHYRRHEUMA, Lumbago.
  OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi.
  OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis.
  OSSA  BREGMATIS, Parietal  bones—o. Con-
voluta inferiora, Turbinated bones,  inferior — o.
Digitorum manus, Phalanges of the fingers — o.
Digitorum pedis, Phalanges of the toes—o. Epac-
talia, Wormiana  ossa — o. Maxillas  superioris
quarta seu  quinta seu secunda, Nasal bones — o.
Nasalia,  Nasal bones — o. Nasi, Nasal bones — o.
Nervalia, Parietal bones—o. Pisiformia lingualia,
see Hyoides os—o. Raphogeminantia,  Wormiana
ossa — o. Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones — o. Sin-
cipitis, Parietal bones—o. Spongiosa, Turbinated
bones—o. Suturarum, Wormiana  ossa—o.  Tcrtia
maxillas  superioris, Turbinated bones — o.  Tctra-
gona, Parietal bones—o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal
cornua — o.  Triangularia Blasii,  Wormiana ossa
— o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa—o.  Turbinata,
Turbinated bones — o. Verticalia, Parietal bones.
   OSSELETS DE  L'OREILLE,  Ossicula au-
ditus.
   OSSEOUS,  Oa'aeua, Osto'dea,  Oatdi'dea,  (F.)
 Oaaeux; from oa, 'a bone.'  Bony.   Resembling
bone.
   OSSICLE, Ossiculum.
   OSSICULA, see Ossiculum.
   Ossic'ula Audi'tus, Oaaic'ula Auria, (F.)  Oa-
aeleta de I'oreille,  0. de Vouie.  The small bones
 situate in the cavity of the tympanum, and form-
 ing an uninterrupted chain from the membrane
 of  the tympanum to  that of the fenestra ovalis.
 They are four in number; and their series, from
 without to within, is as follows : Malleua, Incite,
 08 orbiculare, Stapes.
   Ossicula Bertini, Sphenoidalia cornua—o.
 Innominata, Innominata minora ossa — o. Nasi,
 Nasal bones — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones.
   OSSICULUM, (plural  Ossic'ula,)  Oata'rion,
 Oa'aicle.  Diminutive of os, ' a bone.'  A small
 bone.  See Os.
   Ossiculum Cochleare, Orbicular bone — o.
 Incudi  Comparatum, Incus — o. Malleolo assi-
 milatum, Malleus — o. Molari denti comparatum,
 Incus — o. Orbiculare, Orbicular  bone — o. Quar-
 tum, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Orbicular
 bone.
   OSSIFICA'TION, Oaaificdtio, from oa, 'abone,'
 and yWere, 'to make.' Osteogen'ia. Osteogen'ex is,
 Osteo'si8, Oato'aia.  Formation of bone.  Develop-
 ment, or increase of the osseous  system.   Ossifi-
 cation takes place  in the same manner as the
 nutrition  of other  organs.   The bones  are, at
 first,  mucous, and afterwards cartilaginous; the
 cartilage,  at length,  receives the  phosphate of
 lime, and is,  at  the  same time, replaced  by  a 
OSSIFRAGA
C27
OSTIUM
gelatinous parenchyma, when the  bone has ac-
quired the whole of its development.
  Ossification, Points of,  Puncta  seu Nu'clei
ossiflcatio'uis, Nu'clei oseei, are the points where
the ossification of a bone commences, whence it
extends to other parts. Almost all the bones pre-
sent a greater or less number of points of ossifi-
cation.   Besides the  natural ossification, which
we observe in the foetus and  in the first periods
of  life, there are also accidental ossifications,
such as those frequently remarked after the in-
flammation of serous  membranes, in  the parietes
of arteries, and to which the terms Oathex'ia, In-
crnatdUnn  and Petrifac'tion have, sometimes,
been applied.
   OSSIFRAGA,  Osteocolla.
   OSSIS SAORI ACUMEN, Coccyx.
   OSSISANA, Osteocolla.
   OSSIV'OROUS,  from os,  'a bone/  and  tioro,
' I devour.'   A species of  tumour, mentioned by
Ruysch, which destroys bone.
   OS'TAGRA, Os'teagra,  from oareov, 'a bone,'
and aypa, ' seizure.'  A forceps to cut  or remove
portions of bone.
   OSTALGIA, Osteocopus.
   OSTALGFTIS, Ostitia, Oetei'tia, from oareov,
' a bone/ and itis.  Inflamma'tio Ossis.  Inflam-
mation of bone; characterized by violent shooting
and lancinating pains in the  bone.
   OSTARIUM, Ossiculum.
   OSTARTHRITIS, Arthrophlogosis.
   OSTARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa.
   OSTEAGRA, Ostagra.
   OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus.
   OSTEITES, Osteocolla.
   OSTEITIS, Ostalgitis.
   OSTEMPYE'SIS.  Osteempye'sis, Ostempyo'sis,
from oareov,  ' a bone,' and cpnvnais,  ' effusion of
pus.'  An abscess in  the interior of a bone.
   OSTEMPYOSIS, Ostempyesis.
   OSTEOCE'LE, from oareov, 'abone,' and ktiXii,
' a tumour.'   A hernia in which the sac is carti-
laginous and bony: — a rare  case.  Also, osseous
induration of one or both  testicles.
    OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture.
    OSTEOCOL'LA, from  oareov,  'a bone/ and
 koXXo,  'glue.'  Glue-bone,  Stone or Bone binder,
 Ossif'raga,  Holos'tens, Ossisa'na, Ostri'tes, Os-
 tei'tes, Amos'teua,  OateoVithoa,  Stelochi'tea.   A
 name given to petrified carbonate of lime, found
 in some parts of  Germany and other portions of
 the globe;  so called, because it  has  been  sup-
 posed to possess the power of favouring the for-
 mation of callus in fractures.  It is the Chaux
 carbonatie  concretionnie  incrustante  of Haiiy.
 Not used.
    OSTEOCOPUS, Oateal'gia, Oatal'gia, Oateo-
 di/n'ia, from oareov, '  a bone,' and kottos, ' fatigue.'
 Boneach.  Pain in the bones.
    OSTEODENTINS, see Tooth.
    0 ST E OI) Y NIA, Osteocopus.
    OSTEOOANOR^ENA,  Necrosis.
    OSTEOGEXIA. Ossification.
    OSTEOG'RAPHY, Osteogra'phia, from oareov,
 •a bone,' and ypatpeiv, 'to describe.'  Description
 of the bones. The  part of anatomy  which de-
 scribes the bones.
    OSTEOLITIIOS, Osteocolla.
    OSTEOL'OGY.  Oateolog"ia, from  oareov,  'a
 bone,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The part of ana-
 tomy which treats of bones.
    OSTEOMA. Exostosis.
    OSTEOMALACIA, Mollities ossium — o. In-
 fantum, Rachitis.
    OSTEOMALACOSIS, Mollities ossium.
    OSTEOX, Bone — o. Hieron, Sacrum.
    OSTEOXABRO'SIS, from oareov, 'a bone/ a,
priv., and fipucis, ' nutriment.'  Atrophy of the
osseous texture marked by diminutien of volume.
  OSTEON'CUS, from oerrtov, ' a bone/ and oyxos,
' a tumour.'  A bony tumour.
  OSTEONECROSIS, Necrosis.
  OSTEON'OSI, Osteondsi, from oareov, 'abone/
and voaos, 'a disease.' Mor'bi os'sium.   Diseases
of the bones.
  OSTEOPEDION, Lithopasdion.
  OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, from oareov, 'abone,'
naXtv, 'again,'  and icXacis, 'fracture.' The break-
ing again of a bone which has united unfavour-
ably.
  OSTEOPHYMA, Osteoncus.
  OSTEOPH'YTA, Oa'teojjhyte, Exosto'aia. Un-
der this  name, Rokitausky, of Vienna, describes
a deposition of bony matter, found by him on the
inner surface of the parietes of the skull of preg-
nant women.
   OSTEOPLEU'RA, Pteitroato'aia, from oareov,
' a bone,' and  xXevpov, ' a rib.' Ossification of the
cartilages of the ribs.
   OSTEOPORO'SIS, Osteoeclero'aia, from oareov,
'a bone/ and nwptoats,  'induration.'  Induration
of a bone, from the deposition of too much bony
matter.
   OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas ossium.
   OSTEO-SARCO'MA, Osteo-sarco'sis, Snreosto'-
878, Hamatcxosto'sis, from oareov, ' bone,' and aapl,
'flesh.'  Disease of the bony tissue, whieh con-
sists in  softening of its laminas, and their trans-
formation into a fleshy substance,  analogous to
that of cancer; accompanied with general symp-
toms of  cancerous  affection.   The word has of-
ten, also, been used synonymously with spina
ventosa.
   OSTEOSARCOSIS,  Osteosarcoma.
   OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis.
   OSTEOSIS, Ossification.
   OSTEO-STEATO'MA,  Exosto'sis steatomato'-
des, from oareov ' a bone,' and oreap, ' suet or fat.'
A name  given to bony tumours or degenerations,
which sometimes  belong to osteo-sarcoma; at
 others, to spina ventosa, exostosis, Ac.
   OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotomis'ta.  Same etymon
 as the next.  An instrument, invented by  Dr. D.
 Davis, for cutting the bones of the foetal  cranium,
 where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the
 size of the head in  parturition.
   OSTEOT'OMY,  Oateotoniia,  from oareov, 'a
bone,' and repveiv, ' to cut.'  The part of practical
 anatomy whose object is the dissection of bones.
   OSTEOTOPHUS, Tophus.
   OSTEOTYLUS,  Callus.
   OSTEULCUM, Bone-nippers.
   OSTEUM,  Bone.
   OSTHEXIA, see Ossification.
   OSTIA  ATRIO-VENTRICULARIA, see Os-
 tium.
   OSTIARIUS, Pylorus.
   OSTIOLUM,  from oareov,  'a mouth  or open-
 ing.'  A small door or gate.
   Ostiola  Cordis, Val'vula cordia, Pellic'ula
 cordia.  The  valves of the heart.
   OSTITIS,  Ostalgitis.
   OS'TIUM, 0rifle"ium, a door or gate,—of tho
 heart, for example. The opening — Os'tia atrio-
 vcntricula'ria—between the auricle and ventricle
 of each  side ; Os'tium veno'sum, that of the right
 side ;  Os'tium arterio'sum, that of the  left.
   Ostium Abdominale, see Tube, Fallopian — o.
 Internum, see Ostium  uteri.
   Ostium U'teri.  The vulva; the vagina.  The
 term Os'tium- inter'num has been applied to the
 inferior  opening of the uterus, which establishes
 a free communication between the cavities of the 
0ST0DES
628
OTOSCOPIUM
body and neck, and which is often obliterated in
old women.— Cruveilheir.  The neck of the ute-
rus ; the mouth of the uterus.
  Ostium Uterinum, see Tube,  Fallopian — o.
Ventriculi Duodenale seu  Pyloricum seu Dex-
trum sen Inferius, Pylorus.
  OSTODES, Bony.
  OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA, see Tooth.
  OSTOIOES, Bony.
  OSTOMA, Exostosis.
  OSTOSIS, Ossification.
  OS'TREA,  Os'treum,  (F.) Huitre.  The  oyster.
The oyster  is a wholesome article of diet, often
advised as analeptic and easy  of digestion.
  The^sheUs,  Testa Os'trea,  Testa  (Ph.  IT. S.),
(F.) Ecaillea d'huitres,  have  been received into
the Pharmacopoeias, and used  medicinally. Their
virtues are  similar to those of the carbonate of
lime.  See Creta.
   OSTBEUM, Ostrea.
   OSTRITES, Osteocolla.
   OST it UTHIUM,  Imperatoria.
   OSYRIS, Antirhinum linaria.
   OTACOUS'TIC, Otacoua'ticua ; from ovs, taros,
 'the ear,' and axovta, 'I listen.'  Any instrument
 is so called  which improves the sense of hearing,
 —as the different species of trumpets.
   OTAGRA, Otalgia.
   OTAL'GIA, Ot'agra,  Otod'yne, Otal'gy, from
 ou;, uro;, ' the ear/ and aXyos,' pain.'   Pain in the
 ear; Dolor ad rium, Spae'mue  au'riuin, Ear-ache.
 See Otitis.
   OTAL'GIC, Otal'gicue.  An epithet for reme-
 dies used in otalgia.
   OTECIIUS, Tinnitus aurium.
   OTEMPLAS'TRUM, Otoplae'ta, Otoplaa'trum,
 from ovs, ' the ear,' and  cpiiXaorpov, ' a plaster.' A
 plaster put  behind the ears.
   OTEX'CHYTES,  Otenchyta,  from ou;,  tiros,
 ' the  ear,' cv, ' into,' and xv<a> ' ■"- 'pour.'   Sipho
 auricula'ria.  A species of syringe, used  for in-
 jecting the ear.
   OTHELCO'SIS, from ovs, «"-o;, 'the ear,' and
 'cXkuois, ' ulceration.'   Ulceration or suppuration
 of the ear.
    OTHONE, Linteum.
    OTIIOXION,  Linteum.
    OTHYGROTES, Otirrhosa.
    OTIATER, Aurist.
    OTIATRI'A,  Otiat'rice, from  ovs, taros, 'the
 ear,' and tarpeta,' medicine.'  The business of the
 aurist.  The management of  diseases of  the ear.
 Aural Medicine and Surgery, Ear Surgery.
    OTIATRICE, Otiatria.
    OTIATRUS, Aurist.
    O'TIC, 0'ticua, from  ovs, toros, 'the ear.'  Be-
 longing or relating to the  ear.  A medicine em-
 ployed in diseases of the ear.
    Otic Ganglion, Otogan' glium,  Gang'lion auri-
 cula're, Ganglion  o'ticum, Auric'ular ganglion,
 Ganglion of Arnold, (F.)  Ganglion maxillo-tym-
 panique. This is a small ganglion, although more
 than  double the size of the  ophthalmic, ash-co-
 loured and pulpy like the ganglions  of the sym-
 pathetic.  It is situate in advance of the gan-
 glion of Gasser, on the lower surface of the infe-
 rior maxillary nerve, at the inner margin of the
 foramen ovale of the  sphenoid bone.   See Pe-
 trous ganglion.
    OTIRRHCE'A, Otorrhea,  Othy'grotes, Blenno-
 torrhcc'a, (F.) Catarrhe de i Oreille, from  ovs, 'the
 ear,' and pew,' I flow.'  Discharge of a purulent or
 puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius exter-
 nus, Pyorrhoe'a au'rium, Otopyorrhea'a, Pya-otor-
 rhce'a, Otorrhce'a purulen'ta.   Itis a symptom of
 chronic otitis.   Some authors have, indeed, used
 the term synonymously with chronic otitis.  When
it extends to the brain, it is termed ccr'cbral otor-
rhce'a;  and when from tho middle or  internal
ear, it is  termed internal otr>rrhaa,  Otorrhce'a
inter'na, and  Entotorrliu'a.
  Otirriicea, Cerebral, see Otirrhosa.
  OTITES, see Digitus.
  OTI'TIS,  Otophleg'mone,  Empree'ma  otitis,
Inflamma'tio  aurie,  Inflammation of the ear, (F.)
Inflammation de  I'oreille.  Inflammation  of the
mucous membrane  of the ear, characterized  by
excruciating  pain;  intolerable humming  in the
ear, with  a discharge of  mucus generally from
the meatus externus or  from  the  Eustachian
tube.   When the inflammation is  restricted to
the lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed
oriVi's catarrha'lis.   Otitis  is divided into external
and internal, according as it affects the meatus au-
ditorius, or the cavity of the tympanum or inter-
nal ear.  It may be acute or chronic.   Acute otitia
commonly terminates in a few days  in a favour-
able  manner, with the  aid  of antiphlogistics.
Chronic otitis, otirrhoe'a, is almost always accom-
panied by  a purulent discharge from  the meatus
auditorius.  It is often incurable, and may ulti-
mately  give occasion to  disease of the internal
ear, and even of the brain.
   Otitis Catarrhalis, see Otitis.
   O'TIUM, Otdrium, from  ou;,  wro;, 'the ear.'
A small ear.   The  auricle or pavilion of the ear.
   OTOCEPHALUS, Mono'tia, from ovs, tiros,
' the ear,' and KctpaXi), ' head.'   A monster, whose
ears are in contact, or united into one.
   OTOCONIES, see Otolithi.
   OTODYNE,  Otalgia.
   OTOGLYPHIS,  Earpick.
   OTOGLYPHUM, Earpick.
   OTOG'RAPHY,  Otogrdphia,  from  on;, airo;,
'the  ear,'and  ypatpn, 'a description.'  The part
of anatomy which  describes the ear.
   OT'OLITHS, Otol'ithi, (F.) Otolithes, from ou;,
taros,  ' the ear,  and XiOo;,  ' a stone.'   White cal-
careous substances contained  in the membranous
vestibule,  and  seeming to  be suspended in  the
fluid  of the vestibule by means of a number of
nervous filaments  proceeding from  the auditory
nerve.  Their universal presence in the ear of
the mammalia would seem to show that they are
inservient to audition.   When of a looser con-
 sistence, they are called Otocon'ia, (F.)  Otoconiee,
 from ovs, ' the ear,' and Kovta, ' dust.'
   OTOL'OGY,  Otolog"ia,  from ovs, taros, 'the
 ear,'  and Xoyos, ' a  discourse.'  The  part  of ana-
 tomy which treats of  the  ear.  An anatomical
 treatise on the ear.
   OTOPATHEMA, Otopathy.
   OTOP'ATHY, Otopathi'a, Otopathe'ma, from
 ovs, mros, 'the  ear,' and vados, 'a disease.' A dis-
 eased condition of the  ear.
   OTOPHLEGMONE, Otitis.
   OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum.
   OTOPLAS'TICE, from ovs, tiros, ' the ear,' and
 7rXao-rtico;, 'forming.'  The operation for restoring
 a lost ear.
   OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum.
   OTOPYORRHEA,  Otirrhosa.
   OTORRHAGIA;  from  ovs,  toros,  'the  ear,'
 and  paiyi?, 'rupture.'  Bleeding from the ear  or
 ears.
   OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS.from ovs,taros, 'the
 ear,  and pevpanapos,  'rheumatism;'  Otal'gia
 rheumat'ica.  Rheumatic ear-ache.
   OTORRHCEA, Otirrhosa—o. Cerebral, see Otir-
 rhosa—o. Interna, see Otirrhoea—o.» Purulenta,
 Otirrhosa.
    OTOSCOPTUM, from ovs, oiros,  'the ear,' and
 okohv,  'examination.'  An instrument for exami-
 ning the  condition of the external ear. 
OTOTOMY
629
OVUM
  OTOT'OMY, Ototom'ia,  from ou;,  uro;, 'the
ear,' and repveiv, 'to cut.'  The part of practical
anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting
and preparing the ear.
  OULA, Gingiva;.
  OULE, Cicatrix.
  OUNCE,  Un'cia.  A weight equal to the 16th
part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a pound
troy.  It is composed of 8 drachms.  See Weights
and  Measures.
  OURAQUE, Urachus.
  OURARY, Curare.
  OUR EM A,  Urine.
  OUIiLES, Parotis, Cynanche parotidaea.
  OURON, Urine.
  OUS, Ear.
  OUTRE MER, Lapis lazuli.
  0 UI 'Ell TURE CAD A VERIQ UE, Autopsia
cadaverica.
  OVA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi  Graafiani —o.
Nabothi,  Nabothi glandulas.
  OVAL, Ord Us, O'ti'des, O'oi'dea, Ova'tus, from
ovum,  'an  egg.'   Egg-shaped;  elliptic.   That
which is round and oblong like an egg.
  Ovale Fora'men, Foramen oo'des,  (F.) Trou
ovale.  The foramen  obturatorium;  also,  the fo-
ramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, which
opens  into  the  vestibule;  the foramen  in the
sphenoid bone, through which the third branch
of the fifth pair issues from the cranium; and the
aperture,  in the  foetus, between  the  auricles  of
the heart.   See Botal Foramen.
  Ovalis Fossa, Val'rula seu Vcstifium Fo-
ram'inls ovalis, is a depression observed  in the
right auricle of the heart, on  the septum, which
separates it from the left  auricle.  It has thick
and  strong edges, at its upper  and  fore part,
called  Colum'na  foraiu' inis ova'lis,  Isthmus seu
^Iij'iiiiZiis  Vieussc'nii seu An'nidus fossa oralis:
in the foetus called An'nulus foram'inis vel fossa
ova'lis.   The  fossa ovalis,  in  the adult, replaces
the inter-auricular aperture in the septum auricu-
larum of  the fcetus.
  OVA'RIAN, Ova'rial,  Ovaria'nus,  from  oiia-
rium, taaptov, ' the ovary.'   Relating to the ovary
—as Ovarian pregnancy.
  Ovarian Artery, Spermatic artery—o. Nerves,
Spermatic plexus of  nerves — o.  Pregnancy, see
Pregnane}', ovarian—o. Veins, Spermatic veins—
o. Vesicles, Folliculi Graafiani.
  OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy.
  O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon as Ovarian.
Those physiologists who think that the phenomena
of generation, in  the human species "and in every
species  of animal, result from the development
of the ova or ovula of the female,  merely  incited
by  the  male.  Not many of the physiologists of
the  present day can  be  classed  among the
ovarists.
  OVARITIS, Oaritis.
  OVA'RII*M.    Same etymon.   The  O'vary,
 Testis mulie'bris, T. femineus, Oa'rion, Ooph'o-
ron, Gynoa'rium,  Vesica'rium, (F.) Ovaire.  The
ovaries are  the   organs in  which the ova are
formed in oviparous  animals.  By analogy, the
name has been  given to the organs  which the
ancients called the testicles of the  female.   They
are two ovoid bodies, almost as large as the testi-
cles  in men,  placed  on each side of the  uterus,
between the Fallopian tube and round ligament,
and in the substance of  the broad ligament.
Their outer extremity gives attachment to one of
the projections of the fimbriated extremity of the
Fallopian tube; and  the internal is fixed to the
uterus by a small ligamentous cord, called Liija-
men'tum rotun'dmn ova'rii. Lig'ament of the O'va-
ry.   The ovaries are  composed of a very close,
spongy texture—stroma,—and of small vesicles—
Follic'uli  Graafiani, — filled with  a clear fluid :
these vesicles contain ovules, which detach them-
selves from the  ovarium before and after fecun-
dation, and are  carried into the cavity of the ute-
rus by the Fallopian tube.
  Ovarium  Tumidum, Oarioncus — o.  Nabothi,
Nabothi glandulas.
  OVATUS, Oval.
  OVER-EATING,  COLIC FROM, Coliea cra-
pulosa.
  OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava.
  OVICAPSULE, see Folliculi Graafiani.
  OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS,TubaFallopiana.
  OVIG"EROUS,   O'viger,  Orig"crus; from
ovum, 'an egg,' and gero, 'I bear.'  Containing
or producing ova or eggs.
   0 VIPARITE, see Oviparous.
  OVIP'AROUS,  Orip'arus; from ovum,  'an
egg,' and pario, ' I bring forth.'   An epithet ap-
plied to  animals which  are  hatched from eggs
outside of  the body.  The  condition  may  be
termed Orip'arousness, (F.) Oviparite.   See  Ge-
neration.
   OVIPAROUSNESS, see Oviparous.
  OVISAC, see Folliculi Graafiani—o. Tunic of
the, see Folliculi Graafiani.
  OVISTS, Ovarists.
  OVOLOGY,  Oologia.
  OVO-VIVIP'AROUS, from  ovum, 'an egg,'
vivus, 'living,' and ]jario, 'I bring forth.'  Ovi-
parous animals, whose ova are hatched within the
mother,—vipers, for example.   See Generation.
  OVULA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graatani—
o. Nabothi,  Nabothi glandulas.
  OVULA'TION;  from ovulum,  diminutive  of
ovum,  'an  egg.'   The formation of ova in  the
ovary, and the  discharge of the same.
  Spontaneous Ovulation, (F.) Ovulation spon-
tanie, is the spontaneous formation and discharge
of ova which takes  place in the  female  of the
mammalia.   See Heat.
  OVULINE, Decidua reflexa.
   O'VULUM,  O'vule; diminutive of ovum, 'an
egg.'  A small  egg.  That which has the appear-
ance of a small egg.  See Ovum.
   OVUM, uiov,  Oon, an egg.  The eggs of poultry
are chiefly used as food.  The different parts  are,
likewise, employed in medicine.   The shell,  Au-
ran'cum, Auran'tum,  (F.) Coque d'oeuf,  Coquille
d'oeuf, calcined, is esteemed an absorbent.  The
 Oil of the egg  is emollient, and is used, exter-
nally,  to  burns and  chaps.  The Yolk or Yelk
of  the egg—Vilel'lum seu  Viteilus ovi—renders
oils, Ac, miscible with water.  Eggs, when light
boiled,  are  easy of digestion; but, when very
hard-boiled or  fried, they are more rebellious.
  Egg brandy is made by taking of Brandy f Siv;
 Cinnamon  water,  f^iv;  the yolks  of two eggs;
Sugar, ^ss ; and  Oil of cinnamon, gtt.  ij.  Mix
the yolks of the eggs first with the water" the oil
and the sugar,  stirring constantly.  Then add the
brandy little and little, until a smooth  fluid  is
formed.  It is an agreeable mode of giving brandy
in adynamic states.                          ♦
   In Pharmacy,  white  of  egg, which  consists
chiefly of albumen, is used for clarifying syrups,
Ac  Yolk  of  egg, (F.) Jaune d'eeuf, beaten up
with warm water and sugar, and aromatized with
orange-flower water, forms an emulsion, whieh is
emollient,  and  known under the  name Lait de
pottle or chicken's milk.
   Anatomists give the name Ova, O'vula, 0'rules,
(F.) (Eufs, to round vesicles, containing a humour
similar to the yolk of egg, whieh  are situate  in
the ovaries of the female, and, when fecundated, 
OXALAS
630
OXYGEN
constitute the rudiments  of the foetus.   During
gestation, the embryo  and its enveloping mem-
branes  retain the name Ovum, (F.) USuf.   The
changes induced in the mammalia after impreg-
nation greatly resemble those in the bird.
   Ovum,  Testicle—o.  Hystericum,  see  Clavus
hystericus.
   OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS,  Potass, oxalate
of.
   OXALATTC, Oxalat'icua.  Relating to oxa-
latea:  hence Oxalttt'ic or  Oxalic acid Diath'eaia
is the habit of body which favours the formation
and deposition of oxalates from the urine.
   OXAL'IC  ACID, Acidum oxalinum, A.  aac-
 'hari'num, A. hydro-carbon'icum, A. acetoael'/a,
 A. oxal'icum, Acidum  aac'chari, Acid of  augar,
Acid of sorrel, Car'bonoua acid, from o£aX<;, 'sor-
rel.'  An acid found in sorrel.   It crystallizes in
long, colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is ge-
nerally found, in nature, united with lime or po-
tassa.   It has been proposed, in  a diluted state,
as a refrigerant, but it is  unnecessary; and, be-
sides, in quantity, it is a virulently acrid poison.
It  is largely employed for cleaning  boot-tops;
and, as it strongly#resembles the sulphate of
magnesia, has often been taken for it.  Several
fatal cases are, indeed, on record.  For its anti-
dotes.  Ac, see Poison.
   OXALIC ACID  DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic
   ONALIDE, Oxalis acetosella.
   OXALIS ACETOSA, Rumex acetosa.
   Ox'alis Acetosel'la.   0.  America'na, Oxya
alba.  The  systematic name of the Woodaorrel,
Cuckowbread, Sour Trefoil, White aorrel, Moun-
tain Sorrel, Trifo'lium aceto'aum, OxitriphyVIum,
Lujulti, Allelu'ja, Acetoael'la, Oxyphyl'Ion,  Oxy-
triphyl'lon,  Pania cu'culi, (F.) Surelle, Oxalide,
Pain a  Coucou, Alleluia. Family,  Geranias.  Sex.
Syat.  Decandria Decagynia.   This  plant  has a
gratefully acid taste, and  is used in salads.  It
has been esteemed refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and
diuretic.
   Oxalis Americana, 0.  acetosella.
   Oxalis Tubero'sa, Oca.  A  tuberous  plant,
whose  oval-shaped root is used as food by the
Peruvians.  It is  watery, has a  sweetish taste,
and is much liked.
   0XALIUM, Potass,  oxalate of.
   OXAL'ME, from ofu;, ' acid,' and 'aX;, ' salt.'
A mixture of vinegar and  salt.
   OXALU'RIA, Urine, oxalic.
   OXEL.E'ON, from ofu;, 'acid,' and eXaiov, 'oil.'
A mixture of vinegar  aud oil, used as a condi-
ment.
   OX EYE, Helenium autumnale—o. Gall, Bile
of the ox.
   ONICEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
   OXID, Oxyd.
   OXIDATION, Oxydation.
   OXIDE, Oxyd.
   OXIDUM, Oxyd, see Oxydum.
   OXI'NES, o^ivr/s, (oivos,)  from  ofu;,  'acid.'
Wine already sour, but not yet vinegar.
   OXITRIPHYLLUM, Oxalis acetosella.
   OXODES,  Acidulous.
k  OXOIDES, Acidulous.
   OXOS, Aceticum acidum.
   OXYA,  Fagus sylvatica.
   OXYESTHESIA, Hyperassthesis.
   OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia.
   OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia.
   OXYBAPIIION, see Acetabulum.
   OXYBOL'IA, from  o£u;, 'quick,'  and j3oXn,
'ejection.'  Too rapid emission of sperm.
   OXYCANTHA, Mespilus oxyacantha.
   Oxycan'tha Gale'.ni, Ber'beria, Ber'beria vul-
ga'ris,  Spina ac"ida,  Crespi'nua,  (F.) Epine vi-
nette, Vinettier.  Family, Borberideas.  Sex. Syst.
HexandriaMonogynia.  The llm-b,ny.  The fruit
of the berries, Barberries, Pipperidges, is  grate-
fully acid, aud moderately astringent.  By pre-
paring an alcoholic extract of the root and adding
water to it,  a pulverulent  brown  substance  is
thrown down, which, when  dissolved  in  alcohol
and  evaporated, yields the bitter principle, Ber-
berin, which is an excellent stomachic in the dose
of 2, 5, or 10 grains.
   The American Barberry, Bar'beria Canuden'-
aia,  Pipperidge Bush, Sowberry, differs slightly
from the European.   It flourishes on mountains
and  hilly districts  from Canada to Virginia.
   OA' YCEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
   OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium  oxycoccos — o. Pa-
lustris, Vaccinium  oxycoccos.
   OX'YCRATE,  Oxycrtitum, from o^vs,  'acid/
and  Kpaia, 'I  mix;'  Poaca, Phusca.   A mixture
of vinegar and water; frequently used in medi-
cine as a refrigerant and antiseptic.
   OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from ofu;,
'acid,' and uptiKos,  'saffron.'  A plaster, composed
of saffron, pitch, colophony, yellow wax, turpen-
tine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olibaimm,
and  maatic.  It was employed as a strengthening

   OXYCUM, Oxygen.
   OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'-
idum,  from  o£u;,  ' aeid.'  A combination,  not
acid, of a simple body with oxygen.
   OXYDA'TION,  Oxyddtio, Oxiddtion,  Oxy-
genation.   The action of oxydizing a body; that
is, of combining it with  oxygen; a combination
from which results an oxyd.
   OXYDE, Oxyd.
   Oxyde, Cystic.  A species of urinary calculus,
having the shape  of confused, yellowish, semi-
transparent, insipid, very hard crystals.   When
distilled, it furnishes  subcarbonate  of ammonia,
like  all nitrogenized matters.   It dissolves in the
nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, and oxalic acids.
   OXYDE D'ANTIMOINE SULFURE, Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuratum.
   OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia, Viaua dciea, from
o|u;, ' quick/ and  iepntodat, ' to see.'  Sharpness
of vision.
   OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'ces,  from ofu;,
'sharp,' and  icpma, 'I  see.'  A medicine which
sharpens the sight.
   OXYDORCIA, Oxydercia.
   OXYDUM, Oxid—o. Antimonii cum phosphate
calcis, Antimonial  powder.
   Oxydum  Ferri  Nigrum,  Ferri ox'idum ni-
grum, Black oxyd of iron. The scales, whieh fall
from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined
with oxygen.  They have been used like the cha-
lybeates in general.
   Oxydum Ferricum  Crystallizatum  Nati-
vum, Haematites—o. Hydrargyri completum, Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum—o. Hydrargyricum, Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum—o. Hydrargyricum pras-
paratuin, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum—o. Hy-
drargyrosum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
   Oxydum Stibii  Sulphura'tum,  Hepar anti-
mo'nii,  Cro'cns metallo'rum,  Crocus  antimo'nii,
(F.)   Oxyde  d'antimoine  sulfuri,  Foie  d'Anti-
moine.  This was  formerly exhibited in the cure
of fevers, but it is  now rarely employed.
   OXYDUM URICUM, Uric oxide.
   OXYECOIA, Hyperacusis.
   OXYG'ALA, from ofu;, 'sour/ and yaXa, 'milk.'
Sour milk.   The Oxygala equi'num, Caracas'mos,
is  reckoned amongst the delicacies of the Tartars.
   OXYG'ARON, from  o^vs,  'acid,' and  yaoov,
'garum.' A composition of garum and vinegar.
   OX'YGEN,  Oxygen ium, Empy'real air, Pure 
OXYGENATION
631
OZONE
eir,  Vital air,  Dephlogis'ticated air, Oxyg"enes,
Ox'ycum, Princip'iuni oxyg"enans seu  oxy genet'-
icum  seu acid'iflvans seu ac"idum, Eleineiitmn
aciilif'icum, (F.) Oxyijene, Air du feu; from o^vs,
'acid,' and ycivopat, 'I engender,' that is, gene-
rator of  acids; and such it was  believed to be,
rxctusively, at  the period when  the  name was
given  to it.   This is now known not to be the
case.  Oxygen  is largely distributed  in  nature.
It exists in the air, in water, in several acids, in
all the oxyds, and in vegetable and animal sub-
stances,  Ac.  It is obtained by decomposing the
peroxyd of manganese or the chlorate  of  potassa
by heat  in close  vessels.  Although oxygen, in
the state of admixture in which it is found in the
atmosphere, is of vital importance, it  cannot be
respired in a pure state with impunity.  Animals
die in it long  before the whole of the  oxygen  is
consumed.  The properties of oxygen  seem to be
stimulant.  It increases the force and  velocity of
the  pulse, and has, accordingly, been used in
cases  of chronic debility, chlorosis, asthma, scro-
fula, dropsy, paralysis, & e. It requires to be diluted
with from 10 to 20 parts of atmospheric  air; one
to two quarts being given during the day.
   OXYGENATION, Oxydation.
   ONYGEXE, Oxygen.
   OXYGENASES.  A name given by Baumes
to diseases which he attributed to disordered ox-
ygenation.
   OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia.
   OXYG'LICUS, Oxyg'lices, from ofu;, 'acid,'
and yXvKvs, 'sweet;' Mulsa acida, Ace'tum mul-
su.m dulce.  Prepared by macerating and boiling
honey-comb (from which the greater part of the
honey has been taken) in water, and adding vine-
gar.   An  Oxymel.
   OXYLAPAlTIUM, Rumex acutus.
   OX'YMEL, Apmn'eli, Mel aceta'tum, from ofu;,
'acid,' and  peXt, 'honey.'  Honey  and  vinegar
boiled to a syrupy consistence.
   Oxymel vEruginis, Linimentum ^Eruginis.
   Oxymel Col'chict, Oxymel of meadow saffron,
 (F.)  O.cgmel  colchique.  (Rad.  colch. recent,  in
 lainiiias teiiues secta ^j- aceti destillati Ibj, mellis
 despumat.  pond. Ibij.   Macerate  in a gentle heat
for 48 hours.  Press and boil the liquor with the
 honey to the thickness of a syrup;  stirring with
 a wooden  spoon.  Ph.D.)  It is  expectorant and
 diuretic.  Dose, f^j, in gruel.
   OXYMEL  COLCHIQUE, 0.  colchici —o.  of
 Meadow saffron, 0. colchici.
   Oxymel Scillse, Oxymel of squills, Mel scilla,
 Oxymel. scillit'icum.  (Mellis. despumat. Oiss, ueefi
scilla Oij.   Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle fire
 to a proper consistence.)  It is reputed to be ex-
 pectorant  and diuretic.  Dose, "Jj-
   Oxymel, Simple,  Oxymel simplex, is prepared
 as follows:  (Mellis despumati Ibij, acidi ahetici
 Ibj.   Boil  in a glass vessel, over  a slow fire, to a
 proper thickness.  Ph. L.)  It is cooling; — ex-
 ternally detergent.
   Oxymel of Squill, 0. scillas.
   OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus.
   OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus.
   OXYNGIUM,  Adeps suillus.
   OXYXl'TRON, from  ofu;, 'acid,'  and virpov,
 'nitre.'  Name of a plaster, composed chiefly  of
 vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius.
   OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease.
   OXYXOS0S,  Acute  disease.
   OXYXUSOS, Acute disease.
   OXYO'PIA, Galero'pia, Hyperop'sia, Suffu'sio
cxcltirans, Aries ui'sfls,  from  ofu;,  'quick,' and
(iicfi, 'sight.'  Excessive acuteness of the sense  of
 sidit.  Instances have occurred where  persons
could see the stars in the day time.   Tho  cause
is seated in great sensibility of the  retina.  The
term has been used synonymously with  nycta-
lopia.
  OXYOSPHRESIA, Oxyosphrdsia, from  oft.;,
' acute/ and ootbpnois,' smell. Excessive acuteness
of the sense of smell.
  OXYPHLEGMA'SIA, o^vtpXcypaata, Acu'ta et
ve'hem-ens inflamma'tio.  A violent inflammation.
  OXYPHCENICON, Tamarindus.
  OXYPHO'NIA, Vox acu'ta; from o|u;, 'sharp,'
and  tptavn, ' voice;' Parapho'nia clangens, P. ul-
cero'sa,  Clangor, Vox  clango'sa,  Leptopho'nia.
A shrill  and squalling voice;—frequently,  a
symptom of morbid affection of the  larynx.
  OXYPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
  OXYPODIA, see Kyllosis.
  OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogisticum.
  OXYREG'MIA,  Ructus  ac"idus,  from  o£v;,
' sour,' and epevyta, ' I belch.'  Acid eructation.
  OXYR'IA RENIFORMTS, Rumex dig"ynns,
Boreal sourdock, Mountain Sorrel,  Welah sorrel.
A plant, Sex. Syst. Diandria digynia, which grows
in the  northern parts of America  and Europe:
blossoming in the spring.  It possesses the  same
properties as oxalis acetosella.
  OXY'RRHODTNON,  Ace'tum rosdtum,  from
o£u;, 'acid,' and poiov,  'a rose.'  A composition
of vinegar and roses.  (Ol. rosat. §ij, acer. rosat.
§j.)  Used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas.
  OXYS, Acetum, Acid, Acute — o. Alba, Oxalis
acetosella.
  OXYSAC'CHARUM,  from ofu;, 'acid,' and
omcxapov, ' sugar.' A mixture of sugar and  vine-
gar.  It was  called  Oxysac''charum vomiti'vum,
when it held in solution the glass of antimony;
and Oxysac'charum scillit'icum, when it contained
squills.
  OXYSAL   DIAPHORET'ICUM  AN'GELI
SALjE.  A preparation of Angelo Sala,  Ace-
tate of potass exposed  to the atmosphere; and
consequently  fallen  into a state of deliquium.—
Orfila.
  OXYTARTARUS, Potassas acetas.
   OXYTES, Acidities.
   OXYTOCIA.  Same etymon as the next. Ra-
pidity of parturition.  Too great rapidity of birth.
  OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ocus, from ofv;, ' quick,' and
tiktio,  ' I bring forth.'   A  medicine which pre-
motes delivery.
   OXYTRIPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
   OXYURE VERMICULAIRE, Ascaris ver-
micularis.
  OYSTER ROOT, Tragopogon —o. Shells, Os-
treas testas—o. Prepared, Testa prasparata.
   OZxK'NA, Coryza enton'ica, C. purulen'ta, Py-
orrhoea naadlia,  Entoza'na, C. ozano'aa,  C. itl.ee-
ro'aa,  Coryza virulen'ta,  C.  malig'na,  Rhinitis
uleero'aa, Ulcue na'rium fcetena, from o$to, 'I  smell
of something.'  (F.) Ozene, Punaiale.   An  affec-
tion of the pituitary membrane, which  gives oc-
casion to a disagreeable  odour, similar to that of
a crushed bed-bug;  hence the name Punaia, by
which the French designate one labouring under
ozasna.   It is, sometimes, owing to caries of the-
bones; but is. perhaps, most  frequently deperM-
ent  upon syphilitic ulceration  of  the pituitary
membrane, with or  without  caries of the bones
of the nose.
   Ozaena Benigna,  Coryza, chronic.
   OZE, Breath, offensive.
   OZE^MAN, Albumen.
   OZENE, Ozasna.
  OZONE : same etymon  as Ozasna.   The  pow-
erfully odorous  matter produced when a  current
of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies
into the air. — Schcinbein. 
632
PAIN
P.
P. A contraction of Pugillus.
P. M.  A contraction  of Partes
    aqualea.                   \
P. P.  A contraction  of Pulvis
See Abbre-
  viation.
       patrum.                  -■ J
   PAB'ULUM, Trophe, Phorbe, Alimen'tum, Nu-
 trimen'tum.  Food,  aliment.   The  animal heat
 and animal epirite—unmeaning terms—were for-
 merly considered the Pabulum vita.
   PACAY, Prosopis dulcis.
   PACCHIO'NI, GLANDS OF, Glan'dula Dura
 Matris, G. dura Mcnin'gia, Tuber'cula parva du-
 ra matris,  Cor'pora glandifor'mia dura  matris,
 (¥.) Granulations cirebrales.   Small, whitish, Or
 yellowish bodies,  sometimes separate,  at others
 united like  a  bunch  of  grapes, which are ob-
 served in several parts of the dura and pia mater.
 They receive vessels,  but apparently no  nerves.
 Their texture  and  uses  are unknown.  A con-
 siderable number is  observed in the longitudinal
 sinus, covered  by the internal membrane.
   PACIL-E'MIA,  Pachya'mia, Pacha'ma, Pa-
 chya'nia, from ira^ti;, 'thick,'  and  'aipa, 'blood.
 Too great thickness  of the blood.
   PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS, Pacheablepliara,
 Pachyblepli'aron,  Pachyblepharo'sis,  Pach'ytes,
 from iraxvs, 'thick,' and  fiXetpapov,  'an eyelid.'
 A name given, by some authors, to  a thickening
 of  the eyelids, produced  by tubercles or excres-
 cences formed on their margins.  It is  the  same
 affection as that which Sauvages designates Ca-
 ligo d Pacheablepharo'si.
    PACHETOS, see Laqueus.
    PACHUL0S1S, Pachylosis.
    PACHY-EMIA, Pachasmia.
    PACIIYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis.
    PACIIYCHOLTA,  from  naXvs,  'thick,' and
 ^0X1?, ' bile.'  Morbid thickness of the bile.
    PACHYLO'SIS, Pachulo'sia,  from ira^u;,
 ' thick.'  An inordinate  production  of the epi-
 dermis dependent upon hypertrophy of the pa-
 pillae  of the skin.—E. Wilson.
  PACHYNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PACHYNTICA, Incrassantia.
  PACHYSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis.
  PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles.
  ^PACKING,  OF   THE  HYDROPATHISTS;
 Emaillotacie.
  PACKWAX, see Micha.
  PAD,  (S.) Pajado,  from paja, 'straw.'   Plu-
 mace'olua, Pulvil'lua, Pulvin'ulua, Parvum  pul-
 rinar ; — a cuehion,  a little cushion;  a junk; (F.)
 Couaainet.   A  small bag, filled with  feathers,
 wool, hair,  bran, chaff, Ac.  It is used to com-
 press or support parts.  In the treatment of cer-
 tain fractures,  soft  pads  or cushions, called by
 the French Rempliaaagea,  are placed between the
 splints and  the fractured  limb, in order that the
 prominent parts may not be chafed by the splints.
  PADDIE, see Oryza.
  PADDYT,  see Oryza.
  PADNOON,  Bit noben.
  PAD'UA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Near
 Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal, sul-
phureous springs; the hottest  of which is 188°
Fahr.  The  chief establishments are Abano,  Bat-
taglia, and Montegrotto.
  PADUS,  Prunus  padus —p. Avium,  Prunus
padus — p. Lauro cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus.
  PjEDAN'CHONE, from nais, iraiios, 'a child/
 and ayx<*, 'I strangle;' Angina  Sicca.  Name
 of a fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M.
 A. Severinus; probably the Cynanche Trachealis,
 or Cynanche Maligna.
  PJEDARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa.
  P.EDATROPHTA, Atrophia infan'tilis,  Ma-
 ras'mus lactan'tium, from irat;, 7ratc5o;, 'a child,'
 u, privative, and rpotpn, ' nourishment.'  Atrophy
 of children.   Tabes mesenterica.
  PjEDAtrophia Glandulosa, Scrofula.
  PiEDERAS'TIA,  Padogo'gium, Padica'tio,
 Cina'dia, from nais,  ' a boy/ and  epias,  ' love.'
 The love of boys.   A  disgraceful passion, com-
 mon in ancient times,  but now unknown.  These
 terms are likewise applied to the crime of sodomy.
  PiEDI'A, iraticia,  ' learning.'   Edited tio  in-
 fan'tum.   The  bringing up or education — phy-
 sical as well as moral — of children.
  PiEDIATRI'A, Padiat'rica, from irai;, 'a
 child/ and larpeia, 'medical management.'  Treat-
 ment of the diseases of children.
  P.EDICATIO, Pasderastia.
  PJEDICTERUS, Icterus infantum.
  P^EDOBAROMACROMETER, Baromacro-

  PJ?DOGOGIUM, Pasderastia.
  PEDOMETER, Baromacrometer.
  PiEDON'OSUS,  from  nais, iraiios, 'a child,'
 and voaos, 'disease.'  A disease of childhood.
  PvEDOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from nais,  'a child,'
 0Xt\l/, ' a vein,' and ropn, ' incision.'   Venasec'tio
 puero'rum.   Bleeding performed on children.
  P^EDOT'RIBES, Min'ister  Gymnas'ta,  from
 rrai;,  **a child,' and rpi/Jui, 'I train.'   In ancient
 gymnastics, the officer acquainted with all the
 prescribed  exercises, and who carried them  into
 effect, according to the directions of the  superior,
  PiEO'NIA, P. officina'lis seu mas'cula seu ?ie-
 mordlis seu fem'ina seu loba'ta, Glycis'ide, Ha-
 mago'gum, Pe'ony,  or Pi'ony, mate  and female.
 (F.) Pivoine, Pione.  The root, flowers, and seeds
 were  long esteemed powerful medicines.  They
 are feebly astringent, and have been considered
 to be  narcotic and antispasmodic.   They have
 been  given, particularly, in  intermittents  and
 epilepsy, but are not now used.  The flowers are
 called Rosa benedic'ta, R. re'gia.
  P^EONICE, Medicine.
  P/KONICUS, Medical.
  PiEONIUS, Medical.
  PiEOSYNE, Medicine.
  PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from ixayciv, 'to nail fast,'
 and atto-ttXn^ia, ' apoplexy.'  Apoplexy from cold.
  PAIDIA, Infancy.
  PAIDION, Infans.
  PAIGIL,  Primula veris.
  PAIN,  (old  F.) painer,  'to torment;' Sax.
 pman, 'to  torture.'  Dolor, Al/o*. Alt/e'ma, Al-
 ge'do, Alge'sis, Od'yue, (F.)  Doide.nr'.  A  disa-
 greeable sensation, which scarcely admits of de-
 finition.  It is  generally  symptomatic, and  is
 called acute, (F.) aigue, when very violent; pun-
gent, (F.) pongitive, when it resembles that which
would  be produced by a sharp instrument run
into  the part:  heavy, (F.)  granitic:,  when  at-
 tended with  a sensation of weight; tensive, when
the part seems distended:  lan'cinuting, when oc-
curring in shoots :  lac'erating or  tearing, when
the  part seems to be tearing:  burning, (F.) brd-
lante, when resembling that produced by a burn,
 Ac. 
PAIN                  633                PALATINE
  Pain, Sun, Hemicrania.
  /'AIN,  see Triticum—p. d Coucou, Oxalis ace-
tosella—p. de Madagascar, Jatropha manihot—
p. de Pourcectu, Cyclamen.
  PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour.
  Pains, Gnawing, Dolo'ree roden'tea.  Pains re-
sembling what might be  produced  by the gnaw-
ing of an animal.
  Pains,  Labour pains, Throes, Throice, Partu-
riedtis do/o'res, Odin, Qdis, Polo'res ad partum,
Torniina parturientium, (F.) Mal d'Enfant, Dou-
leura.  The uneasy sensations  that accompany
labour, and  are  owing  to uterine contraction.
The pains that precede actual  delivery, and are
simply employed in dilating the  os uteri,  are
called grinding ;  those which extrude the child,
forcing.   Those which  take place in the  first
days after delivery, and are employed in forcing
away coagula,  Ac, are termed  After paina, Do-
lo'ree seu Tormina poat partum,  D. puerpera'rum,
(F.) Tranchees uterincs.
  " To take a  pain," — "To try a pain," — is to
make an examination  per vagina in, during la-
bour, to discover  its progress, character, Ac.
  The French  term the pains, which precede and
announce labour, mouches; those which accom-
pany it, douleurs ; and those which occur imme-
diately afterwards, tranchies ou coliquee.
  PAINT, from pingere,  pinctnm, 'to paint,'  (I.)
pinto, (F.) peint; Pigmen'tum, Fucua, (F.) Fard.
A name  given  to different substances,  employed
for embellishing the complexion or rendering the
skin softer.  The substances most commonly used
for this purpose are:—the Subnitrate of Bismuth,
(F.)  Blanc de fard.  A spirituous  solution of
benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming  Vir-
gin's mille, (F.) Zaic virginal;  the red or rouge
of the carthamus; Spanish white ;  the oxides of
lead, tin, and mercury, vermilion,  red  saunders,
Ac.   All paints may be said to be noxious. They
injure the skin ; obstruct  perspiration ; and, thus,
frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec-
tions.  See Cosmetic.
  Paint,  Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui-
naria  Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis Cana-
densis.
  PALAESTRA, Gymnasium.
  PALAIS, Palate.
  PALATAL,  Palatine.
  PALATE,  Pala'tum,  Hypero'a, Hypero'um,
 Uranis'cos, Roof of the mouth, Fossa Palatina,
Palatum stab'ile, Hard Palate, (F.) Palais.  The
upper part of the  cavity of the mouth ;  a kind of
parabolic vault, formed by the two  superior max-
illary  bones, and the  two palate bones covered
with a thick  and  dense  mucous  membrane:
bounded, before and at the sides, by the superior
dental arch ; and, behind,  by the  velum  palati.
A whitish line runs along the middle, from be-
fore to behind; at the anterior extremity of which
is a tubercle corresponding  to the inferior orifice
of tho anterior palatine  canal.   The arteries of
the palate aud corresponding gums proceed from
the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitar, labial,  and
buccal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a similar
course.  The nerves are given off from the pala-
tine,  facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior dental,  and
from the naso-palatine ganglion.
  Palate, Artificial,  (F.) Obturateur du Pa-
lais.   A plate  of  tortoise-shell, silver,  Ac, used
to close a deficiency of the palate.
  Palate Bone, Os Pala'ti,  Os basila're,  (F.)
Os  Palatin, Os du Palais, is a small bone, of an
irregular  shape, situate  at  the  posterior part of
the nasal fossa1 and palate.  It seeins formed by
the union of two  bony plates joined at right an-
gles to each other;  so that one is inferior and
horizontal; — the other,  superior  and  vertical. I
 The horizontal  or  palatine portion, Arch of the
 palate, is quadrilateral.  Its upper surface forms
 part of the nasal fossas ; the lower forms part of
 the palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice
 of the poaterior  palatine canal.  Its anterior edge
 is  articulated with the palatine process of  the
 superior  maxillary bone;  the  poaterior is  free
 and sharp.   It gives  attachment  to  the velum
 palati, and presents an eminence, which, when
 joined with one on the opposite side, forms  the
 posterior nasal  spine.  Its inner edge is articu-
 lated  with  the  corresponding bone;  its outer is
 confounded with the vertical portion.  The  ver-
 tical or aecending portion has the form of a long
 square.  The inner surface  forms part of  the
 outer paries of the nasal fossas.  Its outer sur-
 face is unequal, and is  articulated with the supe-
 rior maxillary bone; behind, it presents a verti-
 cal groove, which forms part of the posterior
 palatine  canal; and, above, a small free  surface,
 which looks into the zygomatic fossa.   Its  ante-
 rior  edge is  united with the superior maxillary
 bone; the posterior is unequal, and rests on  the
 internal ala of tbe  pterygoid process.   The angle,
 which it forms  by uniting with the posterior edge
 of the horizontal portion,  presents a very promi-
 nent pyramidal eminence, called the tuberosity of
 the palate bone.  Its upper margin is surmounted
 by two eminences;—the one, anterior, called the
 orbitar process; — the other posterior, the sphe-
 noid process.   These two processes are separated
 by an almost circular notch, which the sphenoid
 bone  forms into a foramen, called  the spheno-
 palatine.
   This bone appears to be developed from a single
 point of  ossification.  It is articulated, with  the
 sphenoid, ethmoid, the  cornua  sphenoidalia, su-
 perior maxillary bone,  the  inferior spongy bone,
 the vomer, and its fellow.
   Palati:, Cleft, see  Harelip—p. Falling down
 of the, Uvulitis — p. Fissured,  see  Harelip — p.
 Hard, Palate — p.  Soft, Velum pendulum palati.
   PAL'ATINE, Paiatal, Palati'nus, Paiatic,
 from palatum, ' the palate.'  Relating or belong-
 ing to the palate.
   Palatine  or Palatal Arteries  are two in
 number.   They are distinguished into, 1.  The
 euperior palatal or palatine,  Palatina  deacen'-
 dena or Pal'ato-max'illary, which leaves the in-
 ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit; de-
 scends  into  the pterygo-maxillary  fissure,  and
 enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its branches
 are distributed  to the velum palati and the nasal
 fossas.  2.  The inferior or aacending palatine or
 palatal,  which  is very  small, and separates from
 the facial  near its origin.  It passes along the
 lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between
 the pillars  of the velum palati, and divides into
 a number of ramusculi, which are distributed to
 the pharynx, the corresponding tonsil, the Eus-
 tachian tube, and the velum palati.
   Palatine Canals or Ducts.  These  are  two
 in number.  The  anterior, Ductua incisi'vus vel
 A'asa'lo-palatinus, Inci'sive canal, is  situate at
 the anterior  part  of the  palatine  arch, and is
 formed by  the two superior maxillary bones.   It
 is single beneath, but opens above by two aper-
 tures, one into  each nasal fossa. The foramen is
 called Fora'men incisi'vum vel F. Palatinum ante'-
 rius, F. Alveola're  ante'rius, and  F. cacum oaaia
 maxilldria auperio'ria.  The posterior  palatine
 canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate.
 It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary
 bones, ascends  between these two bones ; and, in
 its course, gives rise to two or three small acces-
 sary palatine  canals, which open above the tuber-
 osity of the palate  bone.  It transmits the nerves
I and vessels which  bear its name.   Tte foramen 
PALATIIE               634                 PALMAR
is called, F. Palatinum poste'riua, F. Palato-
tnaxilla're, F. alveola're poste'riua.
  Palatine Memdrane is the fibro-mucous mem-
brane that lines the palate or roof of the mouth.
  Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Gntturo-pala-
tins, (Ch.) are three in number; and arise  from
the inferior part of the spheno-palatine  ganglion.
1. The  great palatine,  Palatin  infirieur, (Ch.)
is situate anteriorly to the  two others, and de-
scends into the posterior palatine canal: gives a
nasal filament and a etaphyline  filament, and  is
distributed on the palate.  2. The middle pala-
tine, Guttural, (Ch.,) which arises behind the pre-
ceding ; enters one of  the accessary palatine ca-
nals, and is distributed to the tonsils and velum
palati.  3. The little palatine nerve, situate still
more backward than the last, which loses itself
by several filaments in  the uvula, tonsils, and fol-
licles of the palatine membrane.
  PAL A TITE, Isthmitis.
  PALATITIS, Uranisconitis.
  PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinus.
  PALATO-PHAKYNGEUS,Pfc«ryn'0o-«*«7%-
linua,  StaphyW'no-pharyngena," Thyro-pharyn'-
go-staphylinus, part of the  Hi/pero-pharyngeus,
(F.) Palato-pharyngien,Stylo-pharyngieii(Ch.)  A
membranous  muscle, broader at  its  middle  than
at its  extremities, and situate  vertically in the
lateral paries of the pharynx and velum palati.
It  includes the perystaphylo-pharyngeus,  pha-
ryngo - staphylinus,  and  thyro-staphylinus  of
Winslow.   When the two palato-pharyngei con-
tract together,  they depress the velum.  They
elevate  and shorten the pharynx, and act princi-
pally in deglutition.
  PA LA TO-PHAR YNGIEN,  Palato - pharyn-
geus — p. Salpingeus, Circumflexus—p. Sulpin-
gien, Circumflexus.
  PALATOSTAPHYLINI,  see Azygos muscle.
  PALATUM  FISSUM, Hyperoochasma —p.
Molle, Velum pendulum palati — p. Pendulum,
Velum pendulum palati.
  PALE, Pollen.
  PALENESS, Pallor, Och'rotes,  Ochro'ma,
Ochri'asis, Leuco'sis,  Dealbdtio,  Luror,  (F.)
Pdleur.  Whiteness  of complexion.  It appears
to be owing to a diminution  or  alteration of the
blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and  is
often a  sign of disease.
  PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis.
  PALETTE, (F.) Pal'mula, Fer'ula.  An in-
strument  of percussion.   It has the shape of a
spatula with a long handle ; is made of very light,
white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy,
for  what is called the Massage, a kind of pressure
or kneading, exerted by the hand on  the  body
and limbs to  excite the tone  of the skin and sub-
jacent tissues.
  Palette also means a cup for bleeding, and the
xiphoid cartilage (?).
  PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint
of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the
hand, and used to support the  hand  in  certain
cases—when  burnt, for example—in order to pre-
vent the fingers from being deformed by the cica-
trices.
  PALETTE DE CAB ANIS.   An instrument,
invented by Cabanis of Geneva  to draw out the
extremity of the stylet when  passed into the nose,
in the operation  for fistula  lachrymalis.  It  is
composed of two plates of  silver, pierced  with
several  holes, and movable  on  each other.  To
use it, the instrument must be  carried into the
nose, so that  the holes  of the two plates  corres-
pond.   When the end  of the stylet is received
into one of these holes, it is pinched, by sliding one
of the plates on the other, and is easily withdrawn.
  PALEUR, Paleness.
  PALI PLAGUE, see Plague.
  PALILLO, Cainpomanesia lincatifolia.
  PALIMPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
  PALINCOTESIS, Recrudescentia.
  PALINDROME, Palindromia.
  PALINDROMTA,  Palin'drome, from  raXtv,
' again,' and ipopos, ' a course.'  This word sig-
nifies, with some, a reflux of fluids from the exte-
rior towards the interior; and, according to others,
the relapse of an affection —the recurrence — Re-
cur'sio, Repetit"io — of a  paroxysm or disease,—
Morbus recidivus, Morbi  recur'sus.
  PALINGENESIA, Regeneration.
 ■ PALLIA'TION, Pallidtio, from pa/Hare, < to
cover, mask ;' from pallium, ' a mantle.' The act
of palliating — that is, of causing the symptoms
of a disease to mitigate, without curing it.  The
medical art can  frequently only  moderate the
symptoms  of a disease, prevent it from making
progress, prolong the days of the patient, and  di-
minish his sufferings.   This is o, palliative treat-
ment.
  PAL'LIATIVE,  Palliati'vus, Antipath'ic,
Enantiopath'ic. A remedy or mode of treatment,
which only relieves a disease, without  curing it.
The  palliative  treatment — Cura palliativa, is
placed in antithesis to the radical,Cd7-a radiea'lis;
see Radical.
  PALLIDULUS, Blafard.
  PALLIDUS  MORBUS, Chlorosis.
  PALLOR,  Paleness — p. Virginum,  Chlorosis.
  PALM,  Palma, Vola,  V. manus, Plate1 a, The-
nar, Ages, Agos'tus, Poc'idnm, Pat'era, Supellex
seu Supeltec'tile Diog"enis, (F.) Paume ou Creux
de la main. The hollow  or inside of the hand.
It is limited, without, by the thenar eminence,
which answers to  the thumb; within, by the hy-
pothenar  eminence, which answers to the little
finger; above, by  the  wrist-joint; and, below, by
the four fingers.
  PALMA CHRISTI, Ricinus  communis —p.
Cocos, Cocos nucifera—p. Dactylifera, Date tree
—p. Humilis, Musa paradisiaca—p. Unguentari-
orum, Myro.balanus.
  PALMiE U'TERI PLICA'TiE, Arbor  vita
uteri'nus, A. u'teri viv'iflcane.  The  arborescent
strias in the interior of the cervix uteri.
  PALM AIRE CUT AN E, Palmaris brevis—/).
Grand,  Palmaris  magnus — p.  Grele, Palmaris
longus—p. Long, Palmaris longus.
  PALMAR, Palma'ria, from palma, 'the  palm
of the hand.'  That which concerns the palm of
the hand.  The palm has, sometimes, been  di-
vided into three regions,  called palmar.  1. The
external palmar region corresponds to the thenar
eminence.   2.  The internal palmar  region ia
formed by the hypothenar eminence :  and, 3. The
middle palmar  region is the hollow of  the hand,
(F.)  Creux de la main.
  Palmar Aponeuro'sis, Palmar faa'cia.  A
strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises from
the inferior tendon of the palmaris brevis, and
the anterior annular ligament of the carpus.  It
covers the whole palm of the hand, and adheres,
somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part.  The
palmar ligamenta  are  small, very  numerous,
fibrous fascias, which unite the different bones of
the carpus and  metacarpus.
  Palmar Arches, (F.)  Arcades ou  Croeaea pdl-
mairea.  The curved extremities of the radial and
cubital arteries  in the palm of the  hand.  There
are two palmar arches: — the one  cubital or  sii-
pcrflcial,—grande Arcade palniaire of Chaussier,
furnishes,  at  its convexity towards the  fingers,
the collateral arteries  of  the fingers, and the  in-
ternal collateral of the  thumb;  the  other,  the
radial, profound,  or deep-aeated, —petite Arcade 
                 PALMARIS

paf,,aire of Chaussier, is deep in the palm of the
hand beneath the tendons of the- flexor muscles
of the fingers.   It gives some  small branches
only to the surrounding parts. The palmar veins
accompany the corresponding arteries.
  Palmar Arteries,  see  Palmar arches—p.
Fascia, P. aponeurosis.
  Palmar Muscles.  These are three in  num-
ber. 1. Palma'ria Magnus, Flexor carpi radidlia,
Radidlia intern'ua,  (F.)  Epitrochlo-mitacttrpien
(< !h.). Pal moire grand, Radial antirieur.  A long
fusiform  muscle, which passes obliquely from the
inner tuberosity of the humerus  to the upper ex-
tremity of the second metacarpal bone.  It bends
the hand, 2.  Palmaris longus, Latescen'tis chorda,
 Ulna'ris  grac"ilis,  (F.) Epitrochlo-carpi-pal-
maire (Ch.), Palmaire long, P. grele.  This muscle
is situate on  the inner side of the last.  It is very
slender,  and  passes from the inner tuberosity of
the humerus to the anterior annular ligament of
the carpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which
it seems  to form by the  vanishing of its fibres. It
stretches the palmar aponeurosis, and  bends the
hand.  3. Palmaris Brevis,  Caro quadra'ta, Car-
pia'us,  (F.) Palmaire  cutane.  A  small,  thin,
quadrilateral muscle; situate before the thenar
eminence.   It passes from the annular ligament
of  the carpus to the integuments of  the palm of
the hand, which it wrinkles by its contractions.
   Palmar Veins, see Palmar arches.
  PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles —
p. Longus, see Palmar muscles—p.  Magnus, see
Palmar muscles.
  PALMETTO, SAW, Chamasrops serratula.
  PALMI-PIIALANGIENS, Lumbricales ma-
nus.
  PALMISTRY', Chiromancy.
  PALMOSCOP'IA,  from naXpos, 'palpitation,'
and oicoiraa, ' I view.'  Investigation  of the beat-
ing of the heart and pulse.  Prognosis from the
beating of the heart and pulse.
  PALMULA, Date, Palette.
  PALM US, Palpitation — p. Cordis, Palpitation
— p.  Plumbarius,  Colic, metallic — p. Vomitus,
Vomiting.
  PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas.
  PALOS DE CALENTURA, Cinchona.
  PALPA'TION, from  (F.) palper, to feel.  The
sense of  touch.  It is also used for the mode of
exploring disease by feeling or pressing upon the
diseased  organ.
  PAL'PEBRA, supposed to be from palpitare,
'to palpitate,' owing to its  frequent  motion (?)
Blepliaron, Oper'culum seu Cooper'culum oc'uli,
Eyelid,   (F.) Paupiere.  The eyelids are two
movable  vela, situate in front of the eye; which
by  their  separation permit the organ  to receive
the impression  of light, or by their greater or less
occlusion protect  it  from the influence of too
great light, or from the action of extraneous bo-
dies.  They are separated, above, from the fore-
head, by the eyebrows; and,  below, are  con-
founded  with the cheeks. They are distinguished
into upper, Palpebra major seu superior, Epicyl'-
ium, — and lower, Palpebra minor seu inferior,
Hypocte'lis, Hypocce'linn, Hypoc'ylum.   The for-
mer is much  broader and more movable than the
latter. They are separated by a transverse cleft;
and their ed^es are.thick, and furnished with the
cilia or eyelashes.   Supported by the tarsal car-
tilages, they unite  at the extremities of the trans-
verse diameter of  the orbit, forming two angles,
the innermost being called  the greater angle of
the eye, or inner or  greater canthus; the other,
the lesser or external angle or canthus.  They are
formed,  1. Of a thin dermoid texture:  2.  Of a
muscular membrane, — a portion of the orbicu-
5              PALUDOSUS

 laris: 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane :  i. Of
 the tarsi:  5. Of a mucous membrane, — apart of
 the tunica conjunctiva.
   Their vessels and nerves are called Palpebral.
   Palpebra Inferior Extrorsum  Flexa, Ec-
 tropion— p. Tertia, Valvula semilunaris.
   PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS, Le-
 vator palpebrae superioris.
   PAL'PEBRAL, Palpebra'lis, from  2>alpebra,
 ' the eyelid.'   That which  belongs or  relates to
 the eyelid.
   Palpebral Arteries  are those distributed to
 the eyelids.  They are two in  number; an upper
 and a lower.   The former  arises from the oph-
 thalmic, a little beyond the cartilaginous  pulley
 of the greater oblique muscle, and descends to-
 wards the upper eyelid,  over  which it is  distri-
 buted.  The  latter arises at the side  of,  and a
 little behind, the preceding, and sends its rami-
 fications to the lower eyelid and the neighbouring
 parts. The palpebral veins have a similar ar-
 rangement; except that some  of them  open  into
 the temporal and labial veins.
   Palpebral -Flux, Puriform.  A puriform
 discharge, furnished by the glands of  Meibomi-
 us, when  inflamed; and  to which Scarpa attri-
 butes fistula lachrymalis, in many cases.
   Palpebral Ligaments are  distinguished  into
 superior  and  inferior.   Some anatomists, with
 Winslow,  have described, under this name,  the
 fibrous layer  wnich  is attached, — on the one
 hand, to the outer part of the circumference of
 the orbit;  on the other, to the tarsal cartilages.
   Palpebral  Nerves,  A'erres of  the eyelida,
 arise,  particularly, from  the frontal  and lachry-
 mal branches;  from the ophthalmic  nerve of
 Willis; and  from the facial,  nasal, and infra-
 orbitar branch of the  superior  maxillary nerve.
   PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
   PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS RECTUS, Le-
 vator palpebras superioris — p. Duo musculi, Or-
 biculares palpebrarum.
   PALPEBRATIO, Nictation.
   PALPITATIO,  Palpitation — p.  Arteriarum,
 see  Palpitation — p.  Cordis trepidans, Cardio-
 tromus.
   Palpitatio  Membro'rum.   A  term used by
 Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs.
   PALPITA'TION, Palpitdtio, Palmus, P. Cor-
 dia, Palpitdtio seu Puled tio Cordia^ Tremor Cor-
 dia, Vibrdtio  Cardiaca seu Cordia, Cardiog'mua,
 Cardiopal'mna,  Subaul'tio,  Clonus  Palpita'tio,
 (¥.) Palpitation, P. du Coeur.   A name given to
 the pulsations of  the heart, when they become
 stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the
 individual, than ordinarily.   Palpitations occur
 in a number of affections.  They are, sometimes,
 owing to organic diseases of the heart, hypertro-
 phy, inflammation, Ac;  at others, to  a disease
 in  some  other viscus; whilst, frequently, they
 are merely nervous.
   Palpitation is  sometimes  felt in the arteries,
 constituting Palpitatio Arterio'aa.
   PALPITATION DU COSUR, Palpitation.
   PALSIED, Paralytic.
   PALSY', Paralysis—p. Bell's, Paralysis, Bell's.
   Palsy, Lead, ParaVyaia aaturnina, P. metal'-
 lica,  (F.) Paralyaie  aaturnine, Metal'lie Paten,
 Painters'  Palsy.   The paralysis of the  upper ex-
 tremities  especially,  induced  by the poison of
 lead.
   Palsy, Metallic,  see Palsy, lead—p. Paint-
 ers',  P. lead — p.  Shaking, Paralysis agitans —
 p. Trembling, Paralysis a<ri'ans.
   PALTA, Persea gatissima.
   PALUDAL. Elodes.  •'
   PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolens.
   PALUDOSUS, Elodes.  "                  Jj
63 
PALUS
636
PANDEMY
  PALUS, Marsh, Penis—p. Sanctus, Guaiacum.
  PAMBIOMA, Panbioma.
  PAMOISON, Syncope.
  PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS, Corpus pampini-
forme.
  PAMPINIFORME CORPUS, see Corpus pam-
piniforme.
  PAMPLE'GIA, Panplegia,  from irav, 'all,'
and irXiiyw, ' I strike.' General paralysis. Palsy
of the whole body.
  PANACE'A, Cathol'icon, Cathoiicnm, from irav,
' all,'  and aiceopai, ' I cure.'  Univeraa'le reme'-
dium, Panchrea'toa.  A pretended universal re-
medy.  There is no such thing in existence.
  Panacea Ducis HolsatijE,  Potassas  sulphas
—p. Duplicata, Potassas sulphas—p. Lapsorum,
Arnica  montana  — p. Mercurialis, Hydrargyri
submurias — p. Mercurii rubri,  Hydrargyri ni-
trico-oxidum—p.  Pectoris, Glechoma  hederacea
—p. Vegetabilis,  Crocus.
  PANA'DA, diminutive of Ital. pane,  'bread,'
(Lat. panis.) Pana'ta, Panatel'la.  Bread, boiled
in water to  the consistence of pap.  Sometimes
administered to the sick.
  Simple Bread Panada may be made by put-
ting  any quantity  of grated  stale bread  into
enough water to  form a  moderately thick pulp;
covering it up,  and  leaving it to  soak for  an
hour; then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls
of milk, and a small  portion of refined augar, and
boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the
time.                             •
  PANARIS, Paronychia.
  PANARITIUM, Paronychia.
  PA NARIUM,  Paronychia.
  PANATA, Panada.
  PANATELLA, Panada.
  PANAX COSTINUM, Pastinaca opoponax —
p. Heracleum, Pastinaca  opoponax—p.  Pastina-
cea, Pastinaca opoponax.
  Panax Quinquefo'lium,  Aurelidna Cana-
den'eia, Ara'lia   Canaden'eia,  Ginseng,  Ninsing,
Gensang,  Redberry,  Five-fingers.  Family, Ara-
liaceas.   Sex. Syst.  Polyandria Moncecia. This
plant grows in Tartary and North America. The
root is about the  thickness of the little finger; an
inch  or two  in length, often dividing into  two
branches; of a whitish-yellow colour; wrinkled
on  the  surface, and  of a compact, almost horny,
texture.   It has no smell, but a very sweet taste,
combined with a slight degree of aromatic bitter-
ness.  It is much esteemed by the Chinese, who
pay a high price  for  it.  It is a gentle and agree-
able stimulant.
  PANBIO'MA,  Pambio'ma, from irav, 'all,'  and
(iios,  'life.'  The original  animating principle.
The general principle of life.
  PANCHRESTOS, Panacea.
  PANCHYMAGO'GUM, Pantago'gon, from irav,
'all,' xvr">i> 'juice,' and ayia, 'I drive away.'  A
medicine which the  ancients believed capable of
purging away all sorts of humours.
  Panchymagogum  Minerale, Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
  PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic.
  PANCCENUS  (MORBUS), Pandemic.
  PANCRATIUM, Pancreas.
  PAN'CREAS, from irav, 'all,' and icpeas, 'flesh;'
i. e.  'quite  fleshy.'   Gallic'reas, Pancra'tium,
Pan'creum, Lactes, Pulvinar ventriculi, Totum
carno'aum, Gland'ula aaliva'lia abdom'inis, Pan-
cre'ne.  A gland, deeply seated in the abdomen,
and lying transversely on the vertebral column,
between the three  curvatures of the duodenum,
behind the stomach, and to the right of the spleen.
Its left extremity is caled  the tail of  the pan-
creas ; it is smaller than the right, which is called
the head.   At its right portion, it has, almost
always, a greater or less prolongation;  called, by
Winslow, and some  others,  the lesser  pancreas,
(F.) Petit pancrias, Pancreas of Aselli, Pancreas
minus.   The pancreas  resembles  the  salivary
glands in structure, and has been called the Ab-
dominal Salivary Gland.  It is-composed of lobes
and granulated lobules, distinct, and united by
areolar tissue.  From each of the  granulations
of these  lobes arise the radicles of  its  excretory
duct,  which are very delicate, and united like
veins.   The  duct itself, Ductus Pancreat'icita,
Canal or Duct of Wirsung or  )\ irsungs,  (F.)
Canal pancreatique, proceeds  in  a serpentine
course through the substance of the organ; and
when it  has reached behind the second portion
of the duodenum, it becomes free, and is of the
size of a crow's quill. It opens at an acute angle
into the choledoch duct, or  proceeds close to it,
opening  separately  into the  duodenum.   The
Pancreatio arteries are very numerous and small.
They proceed from the coeliac, splenic, superior
mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven-
triculi, and left capsular.  Its reins  open into
the radicles of the vena porta ; and, particularly,
into the splenic and lesser mesenteric  Its nervea
emanate  from the solar plexus, and its lympha-
tics pass into ganglions, to which it gives its
name.   The  pancreas secretes  the Pancreatic
juice, Succus seu Liquor Pancrcat'icus, Lympha
Paneredtis, which resembles the saliva.
  Pancreas  of Aselli, see Pancreas — p. Mi-
nus,  see  Pancreas—p. Petit,  see Pancreas — p.
Second, Brunner's glands.
  PANCREATAL'GIA, from irayicpeas, ' the pan-
creas,' and  aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain or disease of the
pancreas.
  PANCREATEMPHRAXTS,  from irayKpeas,
'the pancreas,'  and eptppaaaia, 'I obstruct.'  Ob-
struction of the pancreas.
  PANCREATTC, Pancr eat'icua.  Same etymon
as Pancreas.   Relating to or affecting the pan-
creas.
  Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas—p. Duct,
see Pancreas—p. Juice, see Pancreas—p. Nerves,
see Pancreas — p. Veins,  see Pancreas.
  Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy, Em-
phy'ma sarco'ma pancreat'icum.  A tumour, in
irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub-
stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas.
Found in the areolar substance; but, more usu-
ally, in lymphatic glands, chiefly in the female
breast.
  PANCREATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio paneredtis,
(F.)  Inflammation du  Pancreaa.   Inflammation
of the pancreas; — an  affection, the phenomena
of which are not well known.
  PAN'CREATOID, from irayKpeas,  'the pan-
creas,' and ctios, ' appearance.'  Pancreatoi'dee.
A tumour resembling the pancreas in structure.
  PANCREATON'CUS, from irayKpeas, 'the pan-
creas,' and oynos, 'a swelling.'  Tumour of the
pancreas.
  PANCRENE, Pancreas.
  PANCREUM, Pancreas.
  PANDA'LEA, Panda'Icum. A kind of lozenge
used by  the Arabian physicians.
  PANDALEUM, Pandalea.
  PANDALITIUM, Paronychia.
  PANDEMIA, Pandemic.  '
  PANDEM'IC, Pan'demy, Pande'mia, Morbua
Pande'miua seu Pande'mua seu Pancce'nua, Pan-
cceno'aua, (F.)  Pandemie;  from irav, 'all,' and
Syuos, 'people.'  An epidemic which attacks the
whole population.
   PANDEMIE, Pandemic.
   PANDEMY, Pandemic. 
PANDICULATION
637
PAPAVER
  PANDICULATION, I'andicula'Ho, Scordine'-
ma,  Scordinis'mus,  Clonus Ptindicnlti'tio, from
pandere, 'to stretch out.'  Stretching, Hal'icea,
(pi.)  An action, which consists in elevating the
uppor limbs, and throwing the head  and trunk
backwards, at the same time that the lower limbs
are extended.  This series of motions of the ex-
tensor muscles  is in some  measure independent
of the  will, and is accompanied with  yawning,
which  is equally involuntary.  In  the state of
health, stretching occurs before and after sleep;
especially when we are fatigued.   It is also ob-
served at the onset of certain paroxysms of fever,
hysteria, Ac.
   PANDOCE'UM,  Pandochium,  Pandoc'inm,
from irav, 'all,'  and iex^adai, 'to receive.'  An inn
that receives all classes.  A general hospital, or
one that admits all cases.
   PANDOCHIUM, Pandoceum.
   PAXDCMTUM, Pandoceum.
   PANHIDROSIS, from irav, 'all,' and 'tiptaais,
'sweating.'  Sudor universa'lia.  Sweating over
the whole bod v.
   PAXIIYPEl'wEMIA, Plethora.
   PANICAUT, Eryngium campestre—p. Mari-
\imc, Eryngium maritimum.
   PANIC GRASS, ITALIAN, Panicum Italicum.
   PAN'IC UM  ITALTCUM,7fai'i'a» Panic Graae,
Indian  Mi/tet,  Guinea Corn, Barbadoea Millet,
Mil'ium  In'dicum, Sorghum, Holcua Sorghum,  (F.)
Millet  dea  oiaeaux.   Nat. Ord.  Gramineas.   The
seed — Mil'ii Sem'ina  — are  much esteemed in
Italy, being  a  constant ingredient in soups,  and
made into a variety of forms for the table.
   Panicum Milia'ceum, P. mil'ium, Common Mil-
let,  Milium,  M. Pan'icum seu Eaculentum, Cen-
chron,  Cenchrus, (F.)  Millot  ordinaire.  Millet-
seed are  esteemed a nutritious article of diet, and
are often made into puddings.
   Panicum Milium, P. miliaceum.
   PAN IS  CANICACEUS, see Canicas—p. Ciba-
rius seu secundarius,  Syncomistos — p.  Cuculi,
Oxalis acetosella — p. Porcinus, Cyclamen.
   PANIV'OROUS,  Panic'orus, from  panie,
'bread,', and voro, 'I devour.'  Subsisting on
bread.
   PANNI, Swathing clothes.
   PANNICULE  CHARNU,  Panniculus  car-
nosus.
   PANNICULUS, diminutive of pannua, cloth.
A piece of line  cloth.   Pterygion.
   Panniculus  Adiposus, Cellular membrane.
   Panniculus Carno'sus, Tu'nica carnosa, Mus-
cular Web, Mantle, (F.) Pannicule charnue,  is a
general  covering found in  the quadruped,  and
formed by a thin, subcutaneous muscle, which
serves to move the skin.  It  exists only in  cer-
tain parts of the human body, — as in the fore-
head, where it  is formed by the occipito-frontalis;
in the neck, by the platysma myoides;  and,  in
the scrotum, by the cremaster muscle.
   Panniculus Counts, Pericardium—p. Hyme-
nivus.  Hymen — p. Virginalis,  Hymen.
   PAX NUS.  A piece of cloth.  This word has
several other meanings, many of which are equi-
vocal.   It means  a tent for a wound, and,  also,
an  irregular nasvus or mark on the skin.— Cas-
telli.  Modern ophthalmologists apply it to an
opake  and  vascular  condition of the anterior
membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro-
duced  by the continuance of purulent or strumous
ophthalmia,  or by chronic inflammation of the
cornea.   This  part becomes nebulous,  covered
with red vessels, and opake.  At times, the  scle-
rotic conjunctiva undergoes a similar  change to
that which occurs in the corneal portion.
   Pannis Hepaticus, Chloasma—p. Lenticula-
i-is, Ephelides.
  PANOCniA, Bubo.
  PANOPHO'BIA, Pantophobia, Panpho'bia,
Pavopho'bia, Athym'ia, Pavor, (F.) Frayenr noc-
turne, Souci, from Wav, 'the god Pan,' and c4o/3o;,
'fear.' A panic or fear inspired by the god Pan,
according to the opinion of the ancients.  Some
derive it from irav, ' all,' and tpoftos, ' fear.' This
is  sometimes morbid,  and is a symptom  of me-
lancholy.
  PANOPHTHALMITIS, from  irav, 'all,' and
ophthalmitis, ' inflammation of the eye.'  Inflam-
mation of the whole eye.
  PANPHOBIA, Panophobia.
  PANPLEGIA. Paraplegia.
  PANSCLERO'SIS, from irav, 'all,' and o-kXh-
piaais, 'hardness.' Complete induration of a part.
  PANSEMENT, Dressing.
  PANSIES, Viola tricolor.
  PANSPER'MIA, from irav,  'all,'  and  enreppa,
' sperm.'   The theory of Dissemination of Germs,
according to which, ova or germs are disseminated
over  all  space, undergoing development under
favourable circumstances.
  PANTAGOGON, Panchymagogum.
  PANTANENCEPHA'LIA,  from irav,  iravros,
' all,'  and anencephdlia,  absence  of brain.  En-
tire absence of brain—the same as anencephalia.
—G. St.  Hilaire.
  PANTATROPHIA, from irav,  'all/ and arpo-
tpia, '  atrophy.'   Universal atrophy.
  PANTHODTC, Panthod'icus, from ira;, iravro;,
'all,'  and 'oios, 'a way.'  An epithet applied  by
Dr. Marshall Hall, to  a course of nervous action
proceeding from  one  point in all directions to
every other.
  PANTICES, Intestine.
  PANTING, Anhelatio.
  PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera.
  PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous.
  PANTOPHAGUS,  Omnivorous.
  PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia.
  PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia.
   PANUS,  Phygethlon — p. Faucium, Stomato-
panus — p. Inguinalis, Bubo.
   PANZOOT'IA, Pantozootia; from irav,  'all,'
and  rtaov, 'animal.'  An  endemic or epidemic
disease affecting animals generally.
   PAP, Nipple.  Also, a soft food made of bread
boiled or softened with water.
   Pap, of the Throat,  Uvula.
   PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tuberosum.
   PAPA'VER,   P.  somnif'crum, Mecon.   The
 White Poppy, Papaver  sativum, (F.) Pavot  des
Jardina.  Family Papaveraceas.  Sex. Syst.  Po-
lyandria  Monogynia.    The Capsule  of  the
 White Poppy, Co'dia, Ktaita or Kiaiua, Sca'phion,
 Papav'eria  Caput vel Cap'aula,  Mecon,  Poppy-
 head, is used in fomentation as an anodyne  and
 relaxant, to inflamed or ulcerated  parts.   The
 expressed oil of the seeds is called by the French
 Huile d'QSillette. It is from the poppy that Opiifm
 — called,  also,  Opium  Theba'icum, Meco'nium,
 Opion, Manus Dei, Affion, Amphiam, Aflum, Oso-
 ron, Lau'danum, Mecon, Sopio—is procured.  It is
 the milky juice  obtained after the flowering of
 the plant, by making longitudinal incisions in the
 capsules and stalks. Itis commonly obtained from
 the Levant or India, where the poppy grows abun-
 dantly.   Opium is  a  compound of morphia, nar-
 cotina, meconic  acid, codeia,  narcein, meconin,
 caoutchouc,  fecula, resin,  oil, and several other
 substances.   Turkey Opium is of a heavy and
 slightly fetid odour.   Its taste is nauseous, bitter,
 acrid, and warm: it  is  in flat pieces;  solid and
 tenacious; of a dark brown colour, and yellowish
 when powdered : making  a light brown, inter-
I rupted streak on paper.  In  East India Opium, 
PAPAVERACEUM
638
PAR
the odour is  the  same, and empyreumatic;  the
taste is less bitter, but more nauseous, and  the
colour  darker.  The varieties of opium known in
commerce are the  Smyrna, the Conatantinople, the
Egyptian, the Pereian, and the Indian.  Opium
is  stimulant in small doses;  sedative,  in large;
narcotic  and anodyne;  operating  through  the
nervous system.  It is a most valuable remedy
in  all painful affections, and inflammations, when
given  so as  to produce its  full, sedative  effects,
especially in peritonitis.   In diarrhoea and  dy-
sentery, it acts as  an astringent; in intermittents,
it will  often  prevent  the  paroxysm.   In typhus,
in  small doses, it  acts as  a cordial; in  larger, it
allays  irritation and produces sleep. When ap-
plied externally, its narcotic effects are developed:
and, hence, it is a useful application to irritable
sores, painful tumours, Ac.   Dose, gr. £ to £ as a
stimulant; gr. j to iv as a sedative.
   Papaver Cereale, P. rhoeas — p. Cornicula-
tum, Chelidonium majus—p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas
—p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus.
   Papaver Nigrum.  This is merely  a  variety
of the  white poppy, producing black seeds.
   Papaver Rhceas.  The systematic and phar-
macopoeial name of the Red corn-poppy,  Corn
rose, Papaver errat'icum, P. cerea'le, P. rubrum,
Rhceas, (F.) Coquelicot.   The heads  of this spe-
cies, also, contain a milky juice of a narcotic
quality.  A syrup of its flowers has been directed,
which  has been esteemed  diaphoretic and slightly
soothing; but is more admired for its colour than
for any other property.
  PAPAVERACEUM, Opiate.
   PAPAVERCULUM, Meconium.
   PAPAVERINUM, Codeine.
   PAPAW TREE, Carica papaya.
   PAPA YER, Carica papaya.
   PAPER,  BLISTERING,   see  Sparadrapum
vesicatorium.
  PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see Sparadra-
pum vesicatorium.
   PAPIL'LA, P. Mamma, Thele, U'beria apex:
— diminutive, perhaps, from  papa, one of the
earliest cries of the  infant, ascribed to  a craving
for food.  The end of the breast, the nipple.  An
eminence similar to  a nipple.  A name given  to
small  eminences  more or less prominent, at the
surface of several parts,  particularly of the skin
and mucous membranes,  in which latter situation
they are  also called villi.  See Villous.  They
appear formed by the ultimate expansion of the
vessels and  nerves, and are susceptible, in some
cases, of a kind of erection.  They are also called
Papilla nervo'sa seu Ner'vea, P. Pyramiddlea,
Nervous papilla, (F.) Papilles ou Papilles ner-
veuaea, Houppea nerveuaea.
   Papilla Lachrymalis, see Lachrymal puncta
—p. Mammas, Papilla.
   Papilla  Calyciformes, see  Papillas  of the
tongue—p.  Capitatas, see Papillas of the tongue
—p. Circumvallatas,  see Papillas  of  the tongue—
p.  Conical, see Papillas of the tongue—p. Conoi-
dal, see  Papillas  of  the tongue — p., Corpuscles,
Pacinian—p. Filiform, see Papillas of the tongue
— p. Fungiform,  see Papillas of the tongue — p.
Fungoid, see Papillas of the tongue.
   Papillae  of the  Kidney,  (F.) Mamelona du
rein, are  the projections into the pelvis of the
kidney of the apices of the cones—Pyramida of
Malpighi, Pyram'idea Molpighidna — of the tu-
bular  substance  of  the  organ.   They are  also
called  Procea'aua  mamilla'rea, Carun'cula papil-
la'rea,  and Papill'a  renum.
   Papill.e,  Lenticular, see  Papillas  of the
tongue—p. Maximae, see Papillas of the tongue
—p. Medias, see  Papillas of the tongue—p. Min-
imas, see Papilla? of the tongue—p. Mucosas, see
Papillas of the  tongue — p. Nerveas, Corpuscles,
Pacinian,  see Papillas—p. Nervous, see Papilla—
p. Pyramidal,  see Papillas  of the  tongue — p.
Pyramidales, see Papilla—p. Renum, sec Pnpil-
lic of the kidney—p. Semilenticulares, see Papillas
of the tongue.
  Papillae  of  the Tongue  are very numerous
and marked.  They are observed, particularly, at
the upper surface  of  the organ, and are distin-
guished into—1. The Lentic'ular papilla, Papilla
muco'aa, P. max'ima, P.  capita'ta, P. caltu'ta,
P. eircumvalldta, P. trunca'ta, P. calycifor'mea.
They are  arranged at the base  of the  tongue in
two oblique lines having the  shape  of the letter
V; and united angularly at the foramen can-um.
They have,  in  general, an  ovoid or  spherical
shape,, and have seemed to be mucous follicles
similar  to those of the  palate, lips, Ac.   2. Tho
Fun'giform or Fungoid papilla, Papilla me'dia,
P. Semilenticula'rea, are of indeterminate number,
but always more numerous than  the preceding.
They are irregularly disseminated near the edges
and the point of the tongue; have a rounded and
flattened head, supported by a short and narrow
footstalk.  Their tint is whitish.  Of their real
nature we are  ignorant.  3. The Con'ical,  Co-
noid'al  or Pyram'idal  papilla, P.  min'ima,  P.
villo'aa, are  the most numerous of all.   Their
arrangement is more regular in the forepart of
the tongue  than behind.   They resemble small
cones; the base being  towards  the tongue and
the apex free.  The anterior are very small, and
have been called Fil'iform papil'la.   They ap-
pear to  be produced  by the terminations of the
filaments of the lingual  nerve, and are surround-
ed by an evident vascular network.
  Papilla  Truncate, see Papillas of the tongue
—p. Vallatas, see Papillae of the tongue—p. Yil-
losas, see Papillas of the tongue.
  PAP'ILLARY,  Papilla'ris, Pap'illous,  from
papilla.   Of or belonging to  the nipple or to the
papillas.
  Papillary Body,  Corpus papillare.
  PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS, Mas-
toid.
  PAPILLOUS. Papillary.
  PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides.
  PAPPE A CAPEN'SIS.   A small tree of the
Nat. Ord. Sapindaceas, common in Cafferland,
the fruit  of which is  called Wild Plums.  It
furnishes  a vinous beverage, and excellent vine-
gar.   Its kernel contains an oil, which, although
eatable, is  somewhat cathartic,  and  is  recom-
mended  as  an external  application in  tinea
capitis, alopecia, Ac.
  PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum  tubero-
sum.
  PAP'ULA.   A pimple, Exor'mia, (F.) Bouton,
Bourgeon.  A small,  acuminated elevation of the
cuticle, with an inflamed base; very seldom con-
taining  a fluid, or suppurating,  and  commonly
terminating in scurf or desquamation.
  Papula form the  first  order  of Willan and
Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous diseases.
  Papula Agria,  Lichen  agrius—p. Fera, Her-
pes exedens—p. Miliaris, Miliary fever.
  Papulae,  Lichen—p.  Siccas, Lichen—p. Sudo-
ris, Miliary  fever—p. Sudorales, Sudamina.
  PAP'ULOSE, Papulo'sua, Ptip'nloua, Papula'-
tue, Pimpled, from jiapula.   Of or belonging to,
resembling,  or covered with, papulas or pimples.
  PAQUERETTE  VIVACE, Bellis.
  PAR NERVO'RUM, Syz'ygi nervo'rum.   A
pair of nerves.
  Par Opticum Nervorum, Optic nerve—p. Pri-
mum nervorum cerebri,  Olfactory nerves — p.
Quintuin  nervorum cerebralium,  Trigemini — p. 
PARA                  63!
Secundum nervorum, Optic nerve—p. Septimum
eive faciale,  Facial  nerve — p. Trigeminum, Tri-
gemini— p.  Trium  funiculorum, Trigemini — p.
Vagus, Pneumogastric—p. Visorius, Optic nerve.
  PARA, trapa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con-
trary  to, through/  (per;)  'above and beyond/
(ultra:) 'besides,' (prater.)  In certain terms, as
in Paracusis, 7Wapsis, 7'arabysma, Ac, used
by Dr. Good, para  means a defective or morbid
condition.
  PARABAL'ANUS, from irapa/JaXXtiv, (irapa, and
(iaXXctv, 'to  cast,') ' to expose one-self.'  A name
given, by the  ancients,  to a person who devoted
himself to the service of the sick in hospitals;
and particularly during epidemics and the plague.
  PARABYS'MA, from irapa, and (ivciv, 'to stuff.'
Infarction or engorgement of an organ—as Para-
bysma Lie'nia, Engorgement of the spleen.
  Parabysma MESENTERicuM,Tabes mesenterica.
  PARABYS'TIA, same etymon.  Engorgement
or infarction of an organ with blood.
  PARACELSIS'TA, Paraeel'aiat, ParaceVaian;
from  Paracelsus. A follower of Paracelsus.
  PARACELSISTICA  MEDICINA, see Spagy-
rists.
  PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same etymon as  the
next.  Woolhouse has given this appellation to a
small trocar, employed  by Nuck for puncturing
the eye in cases of dropsy of that organ.
  PARACENTESIS, Perfordtio, Punc'tio,
Punctu'ra, Cenembate'aia, Cente'aia, Compunc'tio:
from irapaKcvreta, (irapa, and Kevreta, 'I pierce,') 'I
pierce through.' Puncture.   The  operation of
ta piling to evacuate the  collected fluid in ascites,
ovarial dropsy, Ac.
  Paracentesis, Puncturing—p. Thoracis, Tho-
racocentesis.
  PARACENTETERION, Trocar.
  PARACENTICION,  Trocar.
  PARACHRCE'A, from irapa, and^poa, 'colour.'
Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially
of the face.
  PARACHROMA, Achromatopsia.
  PARACHROSIS, Decoloration.
  PARACINE'SES, (G.) Parakinesien, from
n-apa, 'defective,' and Kivrjats, 'motion.' Diseases
of the motor nerves; morbid  movements of vo-
luntary muscles.
  PARACMASIS, Decline.
  PARACMAS'TIC, Paracmas'ticua,  from  ?ra-
paxpa^ta, ' I  decrease.'   Decreasing.  An  epithet
for a distemper, which gradually decreases.  Also,
according to  Galen, the period of life when a
person  is said  to grow old, which he places at
from 35 to 49, after which he is said to be old —
a definition  that would not suit us at' the  present
day.— Gorrasus, and Castelli.
  PARACMASTICOS,  see Acmasticos.
  PARACME, Decline.
  PARACOE, see Cophosis, Paracusis.
  PARAC'OPE, Paraph'ora, Paracru'aia, from
irapaicoirria, '  I strike falsely.'   Delirium.  In Hip-
pocrates, it means the slight delirium which  some-
times occurs in  febrile diseases.
  PARACOUSIA,  see Cophosia,
  PARAC'RISES,  (G.) Parakrisien : from
irapa, ' defective, morbid,' and xpiats, ' secretion.'
Diseases of  the  secretory function.— Fuchs.
  PARACRUSIS, Paracope.
  PARACUSIS, Cophosis.  Also, perverted  au-
dition.
  Paracu'sis Acris, Audi'tus a'crior, Paracu'sis
oxycoi'a, from rrapa, ' defective,' and a«rouo-i;, ' the
act of hearing.' The  hearing painfully acute,
and intolerant of the lowest sounds ; a symptom
in otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and  febrile  affec-
tions.
9               PARALYSIS

   Paracusis  Duplicata, Double hearing — p.
 Iraaginaria, Tinnitus  aurium — p.  Imperfecta,
 Double hearing, P. perversa—p. Obtusa, Barye-
 eoia—p. Oxycoia, P. acris.
   Paracusis Perver'sa, P. Willisia'na, P. im-
perfecta, Perverse hearing.   The ear only sensi-
 ble to articulate  sounds, when excited by  other
 and louder sounds intermixed with them.—Good.
   Paracusis Surditas, see Cophosis—p. Willisi-
 ana, Paracusis perversa.
   PARACYCLE'SES, (G.)  Parakykl es en,
 from irapa, 'defective, morbid,' and kvkXi/ois, 'cir-
 culation.'  Diseases of the  blood  as regards its
 distribution and motion.— Fuchs.
   PARACYHSIS, Pregnancy, morbid, Pregnan-
 cy, preternatural—p. Abortus, Abortion—p. Tu-
 baria,  Salpingo-cyesis^
   PARACYNAN'CHE,  (para  and  cynanche.)
 Inflammation of the external muscles  of the la-
 rynx.   According to others, a slight cynanche.
   PARESTHESIA, Paresthesis— p. Olfactoria,
 Parosmia.
   PARESTHESIS,  Paresthesis — p. Auditfis
 flacca, Proptoma auricularum.
   PARyETHENAR, Parathenar.
   PARAGEUSIS,  Ageustia.  Also, perversion
 of taste, Parageu'sia, Parageust'ia, Allotriogeus'-
 tia, Guatua deprava'tua.
   PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusis.
   PARAGLOSSA,  Parttgloa'ae, from  irapa, and
 yXtaaaa,  'the tongue/ Swelling  of the tongue;
 Dyapha'gia Linguo'ea, Glaaaomegia'tua, Macro-
 gloe'sa, Prolap'aua lingua.  Sauvages,  under the
 term Paragloaea deglutito'ria, means a  pretended
 doubling of the  tongue  into the  pharynx, (F.)
 Renvereement de la  langue.   See Glossocele.
   PARAGOGE, Abduction,  Coaptation.
   PARAGOMPHO'SIS, Paragomphoaia cap'itia,
 from irapa, 'by,' 'near,' and yoptptaats, 'a nailing.'
 Incomplete wedging of the head of the  child in
 the pelvis during labour.
   PARAKINESIEN, Paracineses.
   PARAKRISIEN, Paracrises.
   PARAKYKLESEN, Paracycleses.
   PARALALIA, Mogilalia — p. Nasalis, Rhino-
 phonia.
   PARALAMP'SIS, irapaXaptpais, from itapaXap-
 ina, (irapa and Xapirta, 'I shine,') 'I shine at the
 side of;'  Mac'ula cornea margarita'cea, Perla.
 A cicatrix on the transparent part of the eye.—
 Hippocrates.
   PARARELEMA, Delirium.
   PARALLAGE, Insanity.
   PARALLAGMA, Chevauchement.
   PARALLAX IS,  Chevauchement, Insanity.
   PARALLE'LA.  A kind of scurfy,  cutaneous
 eruption, affecting  the palms of  the  hands, in
 parallel  lines, and  symptomatic of the venereal
 disease. — Forestus.
   PARALLELISM OF  DISEASES,  Isopathia.
   PARALOGIA, Delirium.
   PARALOPHTA, from 7rapa, 'near,'  and Xotpta,
 'the first vertebra of the back.'   The  lower and
 lateral part of the neck, near the vertebras.—Keil.
   PARAL YSE, Paralytic
   PARAL YSIE, Paralysis—p. Saturnine, Palsy,
 lead.
   PARAL'YSIS,  Par'eeia, Reaolu'tio membro'-
 riim,  R.  nervo'ntm, Carus paralyais,  Catal'yaia,
 (F.) Paralyaie, Resolution dea membrea; Palsy,
 from irapaXvta, (irapa and Xuui, 'I loosen,') 'I relax.'
 Abolition or great  diminution of the  voluntary
 motions,  and  sometimes of sensation,  in one or
 more parts of the body.
   Palsy is said to be local, when it affects only a
 few muscles.  When it extends to half the body,
 vertically or horizontally, it  is called  huuip'c'. 
PARALYTIC               640                PARAPSIS
gia or Paraple'gia.  It is commonly symptoma-
tic of disease of the brain or of the nerves them-
selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur-
sor, or successor  of apoplexy,—PhrenoparaVyaia.
The  immediate  cause  is,  generally, pressure,
either by blood  effused, or by serum,  or  by vas-
cular turgescence.   At its onset, therefore, blood-
letting may be  advisable;  but, afterwards,  the
disease becomes  one of nervous debility, and re-
quires stimulants — to the  paralyzed parts, or to
the  mucous  membranes,—frictions,  sinapisms,
blisters, the moxa, baths, electricity,  galvanism,
purgatives, and  the nux vomica, which last  has
the  property of exciting movements  where  the
will has no longer power.   The disease generally
admits only of palliation, and is extremely apt to
recur.
  Paralysis, Primula veris.
  Paral'ysis Ag"itans, P. trem'ula,  Syn'clonue
ballis'inus, Scelotyr'be festinans, Tremor,  Tromoa,
Shaking Palsy,  Trembling  Patey.  A  variety of
tremor, in which the muscles  are in a perpetual
alternation of contraction and  relaxation.
  Paralysis, Bell's, Belie  Palsy,  Paral'ysis
facia'lis, Prosoparal'ysis,  Trismus   dias'trophe
Sattvage'aii, Dias'trophe Gale'ni, Hemiple'gia fa-
cia'lis, Oris tortn'ra paralytica Linna'i, Ilemi-
prosople'gia.  The paralysis of the face induced
by a lesion  of the  portio dura, has been called
Bell's Palsy, owing to Sir Charles Bell having
been one of the first to investigate it minutely.
  Paralysis Beribeuia, Beriberi — p. Extremi-
tatum,  Acro-paralysis — p. Facialis,  Paralysis,
Bell's—p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia—p. Intestini
recti, Proctoparalysis—p. Intestinorum,  Entero-
paralysis—p. Linguae, Glossolysis — p. Medulla-
ris,  Paraplegia — p. Metallica, Palsy, lead — p.
Nervi hypoglossi, Glossoplegia—p. Nervi vagi in
parte thoracica,,  Asthma—p. Nervorum thoracis,
Ac, Stethoparalysis — p. from Poisons, p. Vene-
nata— p. Rachialgia, Colic, metallic — p. Satur-
nine, Palsy, lead—p.Scorbutica, PeUagra—p. Spi-
nalis, Paraplegia—p. Tremula, Paralysis  agitans,
  Paral'ysis Venena'tA,  Paralysis e vene'nis,
Paralysis from poisons.  Paralysis, the  result of
poisonous substances—as of lead, mercury, arse-
nic, ergot, Ac.
  Paralysis e  Venenis, P. Venenata—p. Ven-
triculi, Gastroparalysis.
  PARALYTIC, Paralyt'icue, Paraly'zed, Pai-
sied, (F.) Paralysi.  Same etymon as Paralysis.
Affected with or causing paralysis.
  Paralytic Stroke, see  Stroke, paralytic.
  PARALY'ZED,  Paralytic.
  PARAME'NIA, from -apa, 'badly,'  and  pnv,
'a month;' Menatrua'tio  anom'ala, Menses anom'-
ala,  Miamenstruation.   Difficult  menstruation.
Disordered menstruation.
  Paramenia  Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — p.
Erroris, Menstruation, vicarious — p.  Obstructio-
ns, see Amenorrhoea — p.  Profusa,  Menorrhagia
—p. Superflua,  Menorrhagia.
  PARAME'RIA, irapapnpia, from irapa, 'about/
and pnpos, 'the thigh.'  The internal  parts of the
thigh.
  PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus.
  PARANEPHRITIS, from  trapa, and vetppins,
'inflammation of the kidney.'  Inflammation of
the renal capsules,  Inflamma'tio renum succentu-
riato'rnm.
  PARANCEA,  Delirium, Dementia.
  PARANYMPH'US, from  irapa,  'near,'  and
wptpn,  'a young  spouse,'  'a bride.'   A name
given by the ancients to him who led the bride
to  the  house of her  husband.  The term  was
adopted into the ancient schools of medicine, to
designate the usual discourse  pronounced at the
end of the prescribed period of study for licen-
tiate,  in  which the qualifications and merits of
the candidate were described.
  PARAPATHIA, Pathomania.
  PARAPECHYON, Radius.
  PARAPHIA, Parapsis.
  PARAPHIMOSIS,  Periphimo'sis,  Circum-
ligatdrtt, Phimo'ais  circumliga'ta, Penis  lipo-
derm'us, from trapa, ' about,' and fipota,' I bridle.'
Strangulation of the  glans  penis, owing  to the
opening  of  the prepuce being too narrow.   It
frequently happens in persons affected with phi-
mosis, when the prepuce has been pushed vio-
lently behind the base of the glans, during copu-
lation, Ac.   In paraphimosis, the narrow and
resisting aperture of the prepuce forms, behind
the corona  glandis,  a  kind of ligature,  which
strangulates the part, causes it to swell and in-
flame, and even to become gangrenous.  Attempts
must  be made to bring back the prepuce.  These
excite considerable pain, yet  they must be per-
severed in for  some  time ;  and should they not
succeed,  the rings, formed by the tumefied pre-
puce, must be cut transversely, and the antiphlo-
gistic treatment be adopted.
  PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
  PARAPHO'NIA,  from irapa, and  tptavn, 'the
voice.'  Affection of the voice, when its  charac-
ter or timbre is less agreeable.
  Paraphonia Clangens, Oxyphonia — p. Gut-
turalis, Asaphia — p.  Nasalis, Rhinophonia — p.
Puberum, Hirquitalitas—p.  Rauca, Raucedo—p.
Ulcerosa,, Oxyphonia.
  PARAPHORA, Delirium, Paracope.
  PARAPHRENESIS, Paraphrenitis — p. Dia-
phragmatica, Diaphragmitis.
  PARAPHREN1E, Insanity.
  PARAPHRENIAS, from irapa, 'near,' and
tppeves,  ' the diaphragm ;'  Paraphrene'sis.   A
name given to inflammation of the diaphragm,
(see Diaphragmitis,) which was  supposed always
to produce delirium : — as well as to the delirium
itself accompanying that affection. See Phrenitis.
  PARAPHROSYNE, Delirium.
  PARAPHROTES, Delirium.
  PARAPLAS'TIC: Paraplast'icus, from irapa,
and irXaortKos, 'formative.' Possessed of depraved
formative powers,—as Carcinoma, Encephaloma,
Melanosis, Ac
  PARAPLE'GIA, Paraplex'ia, Rachioparal'y-
sia,  Rhachiople'gia,  Rhachioparal'yaia,  Myelo-
paral'ysia,  Parul'yaia  apindlia,  P. Mednlldris,
Cants paralysis paraple'gia, from irapa, dim. par-
ticle, and trXriaaia,  'I strike.'   Palsy of  the lower
half of the  body,  including the bladder and rec-
tum.   It is, generally, owing to  disease of some
part of the cerebro-spinal axis; especially of the
spinal portion.  The ancients sometimes used the
term for incomplete apoplexy.   Some authors
have, also,  made a distinction between paraple-
gia and paraplexia,—using the former for partial
apoplexy—the latter for general or complete apo-
plexy.
   PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia.
   PARAPLEXIA, Paraplegia.
   PARAP'OPLEXY, Par apoplex'ia, from irapa,
dim., and airoirXi^ia,' apoplexy.'  False apoplexy;
a soporous  state, resembling apoplexy ;  and espe-
cially that which occurs in the paroxysms of per-
nicious intermittents.
   PARAP'SIS, Paraph'ia,  from n-apa, 'defec-
tively,'  and atrropat, ' I touch.'   Sense of touch
or general feeling vitiated or lost. — Good.
   Parapsis Acris  Teneritudo, Soreness — p.
 Expers, Torpor, Anassthesia—p. Hlusoria, Pseu«
I dassthesia—p.  Pruritus, Itching. 
PARARMA
641
PARESTHESIS
  PARARMA, Fimbria.
  PARARRHYT1IMICUS, Pararrhythmus.
  PARARRHYTH'MlS.A/rrrrr/ii/f/i'/HicK^from
irapa, 'dim.,'  and poSpos, 'rhythm.'  An epithet
for the pulse, when it has not the rhythm proper
to the age and constitution of the individual.
  PA HARTHRE'MA, Pararthro'ma, Pararthre'-
8is, Pararthro'eie, Parec'taaia, Paraatrep'aia, from
irapa, and ap$pov, 'ajoint.'  Incomplete luxation;
subluxation.
  PARACEPAS'TRA, from irapa, and aacirc^ta,' I
cover.'   A cap  or bandage,  which  covers  the
whole head. — Galen.
  PARASOEUE, Apparatus.
  PARAS'CHIDES,  from irapa, and o-««c>, «I
cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken bone.
                       ?pli
    PAR'ASITE. Parasitus, from irapa, 'near,' and
 iriro;, ' corn,' ' food.'  Parasites are plants which
 attach themselves to other plants; and animals
 which live in or on the bodies of other animals,—
 so as to subsist at their expense.   The mistletoe
 is a parasitic plant; — the louse a parasitic ani-
 mal.  The chief parasitic animals are the Pedic'-
 ulus  h urna'una cor p'or is,  P. cap'itis,  P. pubis,
 Pulex irritane, P. pen'etrana, and  the Ac'arua
 Sca'biei.
    PARASIT'IC, Paraait'icua,  Par'aeitoid, Pa-
 rasitoi'dee.  Same etymon.   Having the nature
 of, or resembling a parasite, as 'parasitic growths/
 tubercles, cancer, Ac
    PARASITICIDE, Antiparasitic.
   PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Helmin-
 thiasis—p. Superficiei,  Malis.
   PARASITOID, Parasitic.
   PARASPA'DIA,  from  n-apa,  and  oiraia, 'I
 draw.'  A preternatural opening  of  the urethra
 at the side of the  penis.   One  whose urethra
 opens in  this  manner is  called  Paraspadia'ua
 and Pttraspadias.
   PARASPADIJEUS,  see Paraspadia.
   PARAS'PHAGIS,   from  7rapa,  'near,'  and
 atpayn, 'the throat.'   The part of the neck conti-
 guous to the clavicles.
   PARAS'TATA, Parae'tatee, from iraptarripi,
 (irapa, and tornpt,) 'I stand near.'   The prostate.
 In Hippocrates,  it means  the epididymis.   The
 epididymes were called by Herophilus and Galen
 Varico'aa paraatata to distinguish  them  from
 glandulo'sa  paraatata  or proatate.   Rufus of
 Ephesus called the Tubas Fallopianas Paraatata
 varico'aa.
   Parastata  Adenoides, Prostate — p.  Glan-
 dula, Prostate — p. Glandulosa, Prostate.
   PARASTATES, Parastata.
   PARASTATI'TIS,  Epididymi'tia; from  pa-
 raatata, ' epididymis,' and  itia, denoting inflam-
 mation.  Inflammation of the epididymis.
   PARASTREM'MA, Paras'trophe, from irapao--
 rpctpta, (trapa, and  arpctpta, ' I turn,') ' I distort or
 jiervert.'  Convulsive distortion, especially of the
 lace, the soft parts being drawn  laterally.
   PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema.
   PARASTROPHE, Parastremma.
   PARASYNANCHE,  Cynanche parotidasa.
   PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia.
   PARATII'ENAR,  Para'thenar,  from  irapa,
 ' near,' and Stvap,' the sole of the foot.'  Winslow
 called grand pa rathinar, parathenar major, a por-
 tion of the abductor of the little toe, muscuhcs scan-
 dula'rius;  and petit parathinar, parathenar mi-
 nor, the short flexor of that toe.
   Parathenar  Major, Abductor minimi digiti
pedis—p. Minor, Flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis.
  PARATHROMA,  Elongatio.
  PARATOXIA, see Spasm.
  PARATOPIA, Luxation.
      41
    PARATOP'LE; from  Trapa,  in  the  sense of
  change,  and totto;, ' place.'   Diseases in which
  organs are  removed from their proper position.
  See Ectopia.
    PARATRIMMA, Chafing.
    PARATROPE, Apotrope.
    PARAT'ROPHY, Parat'rophe, Paratropliia,
  from Trapa,' dim,' and rpotpn,' nourishment.'  Mis-
  nutrition.
    PARDALIANCHES, Aconitum.
    PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum.
    PAREC'TAMA, Parec'tasis, from  irapa, 'be-
  yond/ ik, ' out of,' and rctvta, ' I stretch.'  Immo-
  derate extension or dilatation of a part — as of
  the heart.
    PARECTASIS, Pararthrema,  Parectama.
    PAREGOR'IC, Paregor'icus,  So'piens,  from
  trapnyopeia (trapa,  and ayopcvta),  ' I soothe, I calm.'
  That  which soothes  or assuages — as paregoric
  elixir.  An anodyne.
    PAREIA, Gena.
    PAREIRA, see P. brava.
    Parei'ra Brava, Ciaaam'pelos Pareira, Pa-
  reyra, Butua,  Pariera brava, Abu'ta, Albu'tua,
  Botou, Caa-peba, Overo butua, Wild vine, Velvet
  leaf.  Family, Menispermeas.  Sex.  Syat. Dioecia
  Monadelphia.  The root of this plant  — Pareira
  (Ph. U. S.) — a native of South America and the
 West  Indies, has a sweet taste with considerable
 bitterness and  slight roughness.  It has been  re-
 commended in nephritic and calculous affections;
 but it is not much used.
   PARELLE, Rumex  hydrolapathum.
   PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum.
   PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis.
   PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from irapcyic^aX,;,
 (irapa, and  tyicti/iaXo;, 'the brain,') 'the  cerebel-
 lum,' and KiiXn, 'a rupture.'  Hernia of the  cere-
 beilum;  a  very  rare disease.   It occurs under
 the form  of a  soft, indolent, or  slightly painful
 tumour, without change in the  colour of the skin,
 and is situate in the occipital region.  It is con-
 stituted of the cerebellum, which escapes through
 an aperture in the occipital bone.   Great atten-
 tion must be paid not  to  mistake it for an ordi-
 nary tumour, as its extirpation would be attended
 with fatal consequences.
   PARENCEPHALUS, Cerebellum.
   PAREN'CHl'MA,  Caro parenchymal'ica seu
 vie'certan  seu viscera'lis  seu viacero'aa, Substantia.
 parenchymato'aa,  Procheu'ma.   The texture  of
 glandular and  other organs, composed of agglo-
 merated globules  united  by areolar tissue, and
 tearing with more  or less  facility.   Such is the
 texture of the liver, kidneys, Ac   Tlapeyxypa
 signifies in Greek, effusion, (trapa, ev, and yuu,  ' I
 pour/) and  it was  believed, that  this tissue  con-
 sisted of effused blood or other fluid.
   Parenchyma Testis, Pulpa  testis.
   PAREN'CHYMAL, Parenchym'atoua, Paren'-
 chymoua,  Parenchyma'lia,  Parenchymal'icus;
 same etymon.  Belonging or relating to  the pa-
 renchyma of an organ.
   PARENCHYMATI'TIS; from  trapeyXvpa,  'pa-
 renchyma,' and ill's, denoting inflammation.  In-
flamma'tio  parenchymat'ica.   Inflammation of
the substance of an organ.
   PARENCHYMATOUS, Parenchymal.
   PAR'ESIS, from iraptypi,' I relax.'  Paralysis.
According to some, a slight, incomplete  paralysis,
affecting motion, not sensation.
  PARESTHE'SIS, Paraethe'aia, or Pareathe'-
aia,  Sensus  imperfec'tus, from  irapa,  'defective,'
and aiadnais, 'sensation.'   Congenital  miscon-
struction of  the external organs of sense.   A ge- 
                 PARETICA                6

nus in the nosology of Good.  Also, perversion
of sensibility.
  PARET'ICA EXARTHRO'SIS.  Luxation
from relaxation of the ligaments of a joint
  PARETICUS, Relaxant.
  PARFUM, Suffimentum.
  PARI ERA BRAVA, Pareira brava.
  PARIES, Table.
  PARI'ETAL, Parietdlis,  from  paries,  pa-
rietis, 'a wall.'
  Parietal Artery, see P. Bones.
  Parietal  Bones, Ossa parieta'lia, Ossa verti-
ta'lia, Ossa ver'ticis, Ossa sincip'itis, Ossa breg'-
matis,  Ossa nerva'lia,  Ossa tetrag'ona, are  two
fellow-bones, occupying the  lateral and upper
parts of the cranium, in the formation of which
they assist.  They  have a quadrilateral shape:
their external surface is convex, and presents, at
its middle part, an eminence called the Parietal
protuberance, (F.) Basse pariitale.   Their inner
or cerebral surface, which is concave, has a de-
pression that corresponds  with  the preceding
eminence, and which is called the Parietal fossa,
Fossa parietdlis.  Above and behind, near the
superior edge of these bones, is a foramen, which
does not always exist, called  the Parietal fora-
men, Fora'men  parietdle,  through which passes
a vein—parietal vein—that opens into the supe-
rior longitudinal sinus of the dura mater, and an
artery—parietal artery — a branch of the Occi-
pital,  which  ramifies on the same  sinus. Each
parietal bone is articulated above, with its fellow;
below, with the  temporal bone; before, with the
frontal; behind, with the occipital,  and by the
anterior and  inferior angle with the great ala of
the sphenoid.  Each parietal bone is developed
from a single point of ossification.
  Parietal  Foramen, see P. Bones — p. Fossa,
see P. Bones — p. Protuberance, see P. Bones —
p. Veins, see P. Bones.
  PARIETA'RIA,  P. officina'lis, Helx'ine, Vi-
tra'ria, Wall pel'litory, (F.)  Pariitaire commune.
Family Urticeae.  Sex. Syst. Polygamia Moncecia.
This plant grows on old walls, and contains much
nitrate of potassa.  It is diuretic, but is not much
used.
  Parieta'ria Pennsylvania, Amer'ican Pel'-
litory, a small weed, flowering from  June to Au-
gust,  has  been used in juice or  decoction  as a
diuretic, deobstruent (?) and emmenagogue.
  PARI'ETES, Plural of Paries, 'a wall,'  (F.)
Parois.  A name given to parts which form the
enclosures — the limits of different cavities of the
body, as the Parietes of the  cranium, chest, Ac
  PARIS,  P. quadrifo'lia,  Sola'num quadrifo'-
lium,  Uva inver'sa seu  lupi'na seu vulpina,  One-
berry, Truelove, (F.) Parisette, Raiein de Renard.
It possesses narcotic properties, and was formerly
considered a  powerful love philter.   It is emetic,
and is sometimes used externally as a resolvent
and anodyne.
  PARISAGOGE  INTESTINORUM, Intussus-
ceptio.
  PARISETTE, Paris.
  PARISTH'MIA,  irapa, and wdpos, 'the throat.'
A word employed to designate the  tonsils,  and,
likewise, inflammation  of the tonsils.  Cynanche
tonaillarie.  and  Cynanche in general.
  PARISTHMIOT'OMUS,  from  trapioSpta,  'the
tonsils,' and  repvia,  ' I cut'  An instrument  with
which the tonsils were  formerly scarified.
  PARISTHMITIS, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris.
  PARISTHMIUM, Tonsil.
  PARISWORT, Trillium latifolium.
  PARMACITY, Cetaceum.
  PARMELIA  ISLAN'DICA, Lichen Islandicus
• - p.  Plicata, Lichen plicatus—p. Pulmonacea,
               PARORASIS

Lichen pulmonarius—p. Roccella, Lichen roc-
cella — p. Saxatilis, Lichen saxatilis.
  PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
  PARODON'TIDES, from irapa, 'near/ and
oiovs, ' a tooth.'  Tumours on the gums; parulis.
Ac
  PARODY'NIA,  Dystocia —p.  Perversa, Pre-
sentation, preternatural.
  PAROIS, Parietes.
  PAROLE, Voice, articulated.
  PAROMPHALOCE'LE,  from Trapa,  'near,'
optpaXos, 'the navel,' and Kr/Xri, 'rupture.'  Hernia
near the navel.
  PARONIR'IA, from  Trapa,  and  ovupov, 'a
dream.'  Depraved, disturbed, or morbid dream-
ing;  Oneirodynia  acti'va,  Erethis'mus  oneiro-
dynia.   The voluntary  organs connected with
the passing train of ideas,  overpowered by the
force  of the imagination during dreaming, and
involuntarily  excited  to  their natural  or  accus-
tomed actions, while the  other  organs  remain
asleep. — Good.
  Paroniria Ambulans, Somnambulism—p. Sa-
lax, Pollution.
  PARONY'CHIA, Paron'ychis, Paronychias,
Pan'aria,  Redu'rio, Rediv'ia,  Relu'ria, Vermis
dig"iti, Panaritium, Pteryg'ium dig"iti, Digi-
tium,  PandalWium, Paaaa, Dactylitie,  Pand-
rium, Onych'ia, (F.) Onglade, from Trupa, 'near,'
and  ovuf, 'the nail.'   The ancients gave this
name to an  inflammatory  tumour, — Onyxitis
(Gross), — seated near the  nail, and  involving
the pulp or matrix.   Some of the moderns have
extended  it to inflammation of  the hand, and
even  of the forearm.  It usually  means every
phlegmonous  tumour of the fingers or toes, and
especially of  the  first phalanx.  Four kinds of
paronychia are commonly  pointed  out: 1. That
seated between the epidermis and skin, called in
France Tourniole.  2.  That seated  in the  subcu-
taneous areolar tissue.   3.  That occupying the
sheath of a tendon; and 4. That considered to be
seated between the periosteum and bone. The
last three are only different  degrees of the same
disease, constituting Whitlow,  (F.) Mal d'aven-
ture: — the worst kinds, in English, are called
Felon.  The inflammation  generally commences
in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and spreads
to other parts, occasioning excessive, lancinating
pain,  owing  to  the parts being put  upon the
stretch;  hence, the necessity of dividing them
freely, — even down to the bone, when there  is
reason to believe  that  the  affection  belongs to
the fourth division, — making  use of emollient
applications,  the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and
opiates to relieve pain.
  Paronychia, Asplenium ruta muraria—p. Di-
gitium, Digitium.
  PARONYCHIS, Paronychia,
  PARONYCHITIS,  Paronychia.
  PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
  PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.)
  PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia.
  PAROPSIS, Dysassthesia visualis — p.  Amau-
rosis, Amaurosis — p. Cataracta,  Cataract — p.
Glaucosis, Glaucoma — p. Illusoria, Pseudoblep-
sia — p. Lateralis,  Dysopia lateralis—p. Longin-
qua,  Presbytia — p.  Lucifuga,  Nyctalopia — p.
Noctifuga,  Hemeralopia—p. Propinqua, Myopia
— p.  Staphyloma, Staphyloma — p. Staphyloma
purulentum, Hypopyon—p.  Staphyloma simplex,
Hydrophthalmia — p. Strabismus, Strabismus —
p. Synezisis, Synezisis.
  PAROPTE'SIS,  from irapa,  dim., and otrrata,
' I roast'   Forcing a,  sweat by placing a patient
before the fire or putting him in a dry bath.
  PARORA'SIS, from irapa, dim.,  and opaa,  'I
2 
PARORCniDIUM
613
PARTICLES
 iee.'  Perversion of sight,  which prevents the
 person from judging accurately of the colour  of
 objects. Achromatodsia. Hallucination.—Galen.
   PARORCHID'H'M,  from Trapa, dim., 'some-
 thing wrong,' and opxts, 'testicle.'  Any position
 of one or both testicles, different from that which
 they ought to occupy in the scrotum; — whether
 they may not have  descended through the abdo-
 minal ring, or are  drawn up to the groins by the
 cremaster muscle.
   PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia
 paror' chido-enter' ica.   Intestinal hernia compli-
 cated  with  displacement  of the testicle. — Sau-
 vages.
   PAROSMIA, Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of
 smell;  Parasthe'sia olfacto'ria, Olfac'tua depra-
 va'tits, Idiosyncra'sia olfacto'ria.
   PAKOS'TIA,  from  trapa,  'defectively,' and
 oareov, 'a bone.'  Bones untempered  in their sub-
 stance, and incapable  of affording  proper  sup-
 port.— (iood.
   Pahostia Flexilis, Mollities ossium—p. Fra-
 gilis, Fragilitas ossium.
    PAROTIA,  Cynanche parotidasa.
    PAROT'ID, G/and'ula parotidea,  G. ad Aurea,
 Paro'tia, Aniiuel'la, Alimel'la, Lacticin'ia;  from
 irapa, 'about,' and  ovs, 'the ear.'  The largest of
 the salivary glands, seated  under the ear, and
 near the angle of the lower jaw.   It is composed
 of  many separate lobes, giving rise  to excretory
 ducts, which unite to  form one canal, called the
i Parotid duct,  Steno's canal—the Ductus euperior
 or  Superior salivary canal of some.   This  duct,
 after having advanced  horizontally into the sub-
 stance of the cheek, proceeds through an opening
 in  the buccinator muscle, and  terminates in the
 mouth opposite the second upper molaris.  About
 the middle of its  course, it sometimes receives
 the excretory  duct of a glandular body, situate
 in  its vicinity, and called the Ac'cessory Gland
 of  the Parotid, So'cia Parot'idia, Gland'ula ao'cia
 parot'idia.  In the substance  of the parotid are
 found—a number of branches of the  facial nerve,
 of  the transverse  arteries of the face, and the
 posterior auricular. It receives, also, some fila-
 ments  from the inferior maxillary nerve, and
 from the ascending branches  of  the superficial
 cervical plexus.  Its lymphatic vessels are some-
 what numerous, and pass into ganglions situate
 at  its surface  or behind the angle of the jaw.
 The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously
 into the mouth.
   Parotid, Accessory Gland of  the, see Pa-
 rotid.
   Parotid  Aponeurosis.   A sheath of  great
 thickness, continuous,  bel-ow,  with  the  cervical
 fascia.  It forms a frame-work to the parotid  by
 means of fibrous prolongations from  its deep sur-
 face.  Its  density  accounts for the pain of paro-
 titis, and for the difficulty with which pus makes
 its  way to the  surface.
   Parotid  Arteries, see Parotid—p. Duct,  see
 Parotid — p. Veins, see Parotid.
   PAROTIDE, Parotis.
   PAROTIDOX'CUS, Tumorparo'tidia, T. glan'-
 dula parotidea, from Taptarts, ' the  parotid,' and
 oyKos, 'a tumour.'   Swelling of the parotid.
   PARO'TIS,  Phleg'mone parotidea, Inflamma'-
 tio  paro'tidum, Uynan'che parotida'a, Parotitia,
 Dioacu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the name of a tumour
 seated under the ear; which is reddish, hard, and
 attended with obtuse pain ;  the progress to sup-
 puration being slow and  difficult.   Sometimes it
 is of a malignant character, sloughing, and long
 protracted.  Some  French  pathologists restrict
 the term parotide to symptomatic parotitis—as
 to that which  occurs in plague; whilst they ap-
ply the terms Oreillona or  Ourles to Cynanche
parotidasa or Mumps.
  Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche parotidasa —
p.  Epidemica, Cynanche parotidasa — p. Seroso
glutine tumens, Cynanche parotidasa—p. Spuria,
Cynanche parotidasa.
  PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidasa, Parotis —
p.  Epidemica, Cynanche parotidasa—p. Erysipe-
latosa, Cynanche  parotidasa—p. Polymcrpha,
Cynanche  parotidasa — p.  Specifica, Cynanche
parotidasa.
  PAROVA'RIUM:  from  irapa, 'near;'  and
laapiov, ' the ovary.' A body closely analogous in
structure  to the epididymis, which is seated  be-
tween  the Fallopian tube and the  ovary in  the
broad  ligament.   The Corpus Wolffianuni con-
curs in its formation. — Kobelt.
   PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxya'mna,  from irapo^vvut,
(irapa,  and ot-wctv, ' to  render sharp.')   ' I irri-
tate ;'  Im'petue,  Insul'tus, Inva'sio, Exaccrba'tio,
Acces'sio, Acces'sus, (F.) Exacerbation, Redouble-
ment, Acces.  The augmentation which super-
venes at equal or unequal intervals in the symp-
toms of acute diseases. Also, a periodical exacer-
bation or fit of a disease.
   PAROXY'S'MAL, Paroxyamdlia; same ety-
mon.  (F.) Paroxyatique.  Of or belonging  to a
paroxysm ; — as a paroxyamal day, (F.)  Jour
paroxyatique;  a day qn which  a paroxysm of
disease occurs.
   PAROXYSMUS FEBRILIS, Pyrexia.
   PAROXYSTIQUE,  Paroxysmal.
   PARS, Genital  organs — p. Corporis, Genital
organs — p. Inferior Pedis, Sole — p. Intermedia,
see Corpus  spongiosum urethras — p. Mastoidea
of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process — p. Natu-
ralis medicinas, Physiology—p. Obscoena, Genital
organs—p. Petrosa, see Temporal Bone—p. Prima
asperse arterias, Larynx — p. Pyramidalis ossis
temporis, see Temporal  Bone — p. Squamosa,  see
Temporal Bone — p. Urethras membranacea,  see
Urethra — p. Vaga,  Pneumogastric — p. Virilis,
Penis.
   PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselinum—
p. Fool's, .ffithusa cynapium  — p.  Macedonian,
Bubon Macedonicum—p. Mountain, black, Atha-
manta aureoselinum — p. Poison, Conium macu-
latum— p. Spotted, Conium maculatum — p. Wa-
ter, Cicuta maculata.
   PARSNEP,   COW,  Heracleum  spondylium,
Heracleum  lanatum — p. Garden, Pastinaca sa-
tiva — p.  Meadow,  Thaspium  Barbinode — p.
Water, common, Sium latifolium.
   PART, see  Parturition — p. Ligitime et ille-
giiime, see Parturition.
   PARTES GENERATIONS  INSERflEN-
TES, Genital organs — p. Genitales,  Genital  or-
gans— p. Laterales nasi, Scapulas nasi — p. Ner-
vosas, see Nerve — p. Obscoenas, Genital organs.
   PARTHENEIA. Virginity.
   PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGA, Matricaria —
p. Mas, Tanacetum.
   PARTHENTUS, (Morbus;) from  trapdevos, 'a
virgin.'  A disease  in  a young female.  Also,
chlorosis.
   PARTHENOGENESIS;   from  Trap0£vo;,   'a
virgin,' and ycvcois, 'generation.'  The successive
production  of  procreating  individuals  from  a
single ovum. — Owen.
   PARTHENOL'OGY,  Parthenolog"ia,  from
irapdeveta, 'virginity,' and  Xoyos, 'a  description.'
A description or consideration of the state of vir-
ginity in health or disease.
   PARTHENUS, Virgin.
   PARTIALIS, Local.
   PARTICLES, PRIMITIVE, OF  MUSCLES,
Sarcous Elements. 
PARTIES
644
PARTURITION
  PARTIES, LES, Genital organs— p.  Gini-
tales, Genital organs — p. Honteuses, Genital or-
gans— p. Ginitoires, Genital organs—p. Natu-
relles, Genital organs—p. Nobles, Genital organs
—p. Sexudles, Genital organs.
  PARTIO, Parturition.
  PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitchella
repens.
  PARTS, THE, Genital organs.
  PARTURA, Parturition.
  PARTU'RIENT, Partu'riens, from parturire,
itself  from  parere, ' to  bring  forth.'  Bringing
forth, or about to bring forth, or having recently
brought forth. — Young.
  The Parturient, Puer'perons, Childbed, or Ly-
ing-in-state, Pucrpe'rium, requires  careful man-
agement, and is  subject to various diseases.
  A Partu'rient or Parturifdcient is a medicine
which induces or promotes labour ;  as ergot, and,
perhaps, borate of soda, see Abortive.
  PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient.
  PARTURIGO, Parturition.
  PARTURIT'TON, Puerpe'rium, Partus, Par-
tio, Parturit'Ho,  Parturigo,  Partu'ra,   Tocos,
To'cetoa,  Texia, Lochia, Apocye'aia, Maeeu'aia,
Maieu'aia,  Nego'tium  seu Actus  parturitio'nia,
Enix'ua seu Enix'iofoetiia, Expul'aioftetds, ApoV-
yaia, Labour, Child-bearing, Child-birth, Trav'ail,
(F.) Accouchement,  Couche, Travail  d'Enfant.
The delivery of the foetus  and its appendages.
Labour is the necessary consequence of concep-
tion, pregnancy, and the completion of gestation.
It does not take place, at the full time, until after
nine months of utero-gestation,—the causes pro-
ducing it being the contraction of the uterus and
abdominal muscles.  By different authors, the
stages of labour have been variously  divided.
We may, perhaps, admit of four.   The firat atage
comprises  the precursory signs.   One,  two, or
three days  before labour, a mucous discharge,
streaked with blood, takes place from the vagina,
which is called the Signum, Leucorrhce'a Nabo'-
thi,  Hamorrhag"ia  Nabothi,  Labour-show, or
Show; and,  along with this,  trifling grinding
pains, called  by the French Munches, aro felt in
the loins and abdomen.  Second stage :—Peculiar
pains, which  extend from the lumbar region to-
wards the uterus;  tension  and dilatation  of tho
neck and orifice of that organ ; protrusion into
the vagina of the envelopes of the foetus, forming
the bag of waters, (F.) Poche  des eaux; and rup-
ture or breaking of the waters.   Third stage : —
Contractions  of the uterus and abdominal mus-
cles ; forcing pains; the head  of  the foetus be-
comes engaged in the pelvis;  the occiput being
commonly situate above  the  left  acetabulum,
passes  beneath  the arch of  the  pubis.  Fourth
stage: —the  head  now presents at the vulva, the
perineum being considerably distended; at length
it clears  the  external parts,  and the rest of the
body is easily disengaged.   The child still con-
tinues  attached to the mother by the umbilical
cord, which has to be divided.  In the course of
fifteen or twenty minutes, trifling pains occur, and
the secundines are expelled.  This completes de-
livery.  In by far  the majority  of cases, the head
is the presenting part, the  occiput directed ante-
riorly,  and the face posteriorly.  Of 12,633 chil-
dren, born at the Hospital La Maternite, in  Paris,
from the 10th of December,  1797, to the 31st of
July, 1806, the following were the presentations:
  The  head,  with  the face  posteriorly... 12,120
  The  head anteriorly........................     63
  The  breech...................................    198
  The  feet.......................................    147
  The  knees....................................     3
  Other positions..............................    102
                                      12,633
  The following table, drawn up from data fur-
nished by Velpeau, gives an approximative view
of the comparative number of presentations, ac-
cording to the experience of the individuals men-
tioned :
TABLE, EXHIBITING  THE RATIO  OF  PRESENTATIONS  IN 1000 CASES.
			ACCORDING TO				
Merri-	Bland.	Madame Boivin.	Madame Lacha-	Naegle.	Lovati.	Hospital of the	Boer.
man.			pelle.			Faculty.	
924	944	969	933	933	911	980	
908		944 760 179 0.29 9.4 5.3 4.4	910 717 209 9 7.3 2.9		895 537		
2.2	2.6	3.6	4.6 2.6				8.8
36	28	29	36	47			29
12.7	9.4	0.19	14 0.40				10.3
23	13	18 4.6	22 5.3	4.8			19
fi.6	4.7	4.6	3.4	36			5.7
16	4.7		7.8	7.2			5.9
3.3	5.2	4.77	0.53	2.4			15
Regular, or of the vortex -
I. Occipito-anterior........
a. Occipito-cotyloid (left)..
       Do.        (right)
b. Occipito pubian........
11. Occipitoposterior......
a. Fronto-cotyloid (left)...
b       Do       fright) ■
Face presentation........
Mento-iliac (right)........
Of the pelvis.............
Of the foot...............
Of the knees.............
Of the breech.............
Of the trunk.............
Requiring Forceps........
    "    Turning.......
    "    Cephalotomy...
  Labour has received different names, according
to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and
the mode in which it takes place.  It is called
miscarriage or  abortion,  prior  to the  seventh
month ; premature labour, Omotoc'ia, Partuspra-
cox  seu  pramatu'nia, between this and  eight
months and a half; and labour at the full period,
(F.) Accouchement d terme, when it happens at
the end of  nine months.   Labours have likewise
been variously divided by different authors.  Per-
haps the one  into  Natural, Preternatural, and
Laborioua, is as common as any; — natural La-
bour meaning that which would  occur without
manual assistance; preternatural, requiring the
assistance of art, but by the hand  solely: and
laborioua,  requiring   instrumental   assistance;
which  M. Capuron calls Accouchement Mecha-
nique, Powerleaa labour, the Inertia  par ipuiee-
ment of Madame La Chapelle, is that  in which the
muscular powers from exhaustion  are unable to
accomplish delivery.
  The  French use the term Part, Partus,  at 
PARTURITION
645
PARTURITION
times, synonymously with  delivery;  at others,
with ftrtus,  Maieu'mn,  Maeeu'ma.  Suppression
de  part means  concealment of  delivery;  Part
Ugitime, a foetus which comes into the world with
the condition necessary for  its enjoying advan-
tages granted  by law;  and  Part  illegitime, one
that does not fall under those conditions.
TABLE OF  THE  COURSE AND  MANAGEMENT OF  DIFFERENT KINDS OF
                                      LABOURS.
FIe ad Presenting.
(Four Positions.)
Lower Extremi
  ty Presenting
(Four Positions of-
  the  Feet, Knees,
  and Breech)
2.  Occiput towards  the Right
  Acetabulum.
3. Occiput towards  the Right
  Sacro-iliac Symphysis.
4.  Occiput  towards  the  Left
  Sacro-iliac Symphysis.
1. Heel,  Tibia, or Sacrum to
 wards  the Left Acetabulum.
I. Presentation  of the
  Head, Upper Extremi-j
  ties.  Back, Abdomen,
  &c.
General Observations. ^
                     Natural Labours,
 Or thoae in which Delivery can be effected without Aseistance.

                           (The head with the chin bent upon  the breast clears the '
 1. Occiput towards the Left)  bri,,n of'h,e P^vis.  -Motion of rotation produced by the
  Acetabulum               >  inclined planes of the pelvis ; the occipital protuberance
                              is carried behind the  symphysis pubis, ajid  the face
                           [  towards the hollow of the sacrum.
                           f The head attains the outlet: clears it;  the occiput being
                              first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes
                              successively along the  whole  of the  hollow of the
                              sacrum.  The shoulders enter the brim  diagonally ;
                              and execute the movement of rotation.  The one be-
                              hind first clears the outlet.  The same thing occurs
                              with the nates.
                            The same course is here followed : except  that after the
                              rotary movement, the face passes behind the symphysis
                              pubis, and the occiput into the  hollow of the" sacrum.
                              The occiput is first extruded ; — the face  next.
                            When the chin presents  and  is  turned  forwards, the
                              face is first expelled; the head  is thrown  backwards.
                              This presentation is uncommon.  If the chin present
                              and be thrown backwards, natural delivery cannot be
                              effected.
                            The nates enter the brim diagonally; movement of rota-
                              tion : the one passes behind the symphysis pubis; the
                              other towards the hollow of the sacrum.  The one be-
                              hind is first extruded.
                           f The same thing happens to the shoulders.  The chin is
 2. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- I  bent up°"  the chest to clear the  brim :  movement  of
  wards  the Right Acetabu-t,  rotation:  the  occiput   passes behind the symphysis
  fam.                     I  pubis, and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum.
                           (  The face clears the outlet first;  the occiput last.
 3. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- [
  wards the Right Sacro-iliac  The same progress, except that after the movement  of
  Symphysis.               J   rotation, the face is towards the pubis, and the occiput
 4. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- i   towards the sacrum. The face is here again  delivered
  wards  the Left Sacroiliac i   first.
  Symphysis.               I

               II. Preternatural Labours,
       Or thoae which require Manual Aaaiatance only.

       '1. When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head is not
          in a good position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavours are to be  made  to
          place it in its  natural position: the hand to be introduced  with  the fingers
          united, and the  long  diameter of the head to be  placed diagonally in the
          brim, if possible.  Or  the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and,  by draw-
          ing it down, a closer approximation of the chin and chest  may  be effected;
          the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to.
        2.  If complicated  with syncope, convulsions,  hemorrhage, want  of uterine
          action, Sec, the feet must be laid hold of, and the child turned.  For this
          purpose, empty the  rectum and bladder; and  turn, if possible, prior to the
          escapp of the  liquor amnii.  The female may be placed on her back or left
          side, with the breech  over the  edge of the bed.  Use the right or left hand,
          according as the feet of the child "are to the right or left side of  the pelvis;
          always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its palm, and the
          back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of the uterus. The hand and
          arm to be introduced during an interval of pain ; and they must be flattened
          and tranquil whilst  the  uterus is contracting forcibly.    if both feet cannot
          be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it.
        3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the abdomen of the mother,
          the head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin  and occiput wili
          be hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum.  In  such case, grasp
          the nates as soon as they have  passed the os externum ; and, during a pain,
          endeavour to direct the toes towards either sacroiliac synchondrosis.  Wheii
          the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders
          to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively.   When the body
          is expelled, and the head  filling up the brim, the termination of labour must
          be accelerated by passing two fingers over the shoulder of  the child ; using
          moderate  and  steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other hand,
          passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum. In  this  way, the
          head may be extracted.

               III. Instrumental Labours,
Or thoae requiring the Asaiatance of appropriate Inatrumente.

       If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause ;—or  if the presenting
         part be firmly wedged  in the pelvis; or the woman  be  becoming  exhausted,
         instrumental assistance may be required.  In all such cases, place the female
         on the bark  or left side, empty the bladder and rectum ; wait till the os uteri
         is in a fit state ; afford assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument
         during the intervals between the pains; have the  patient on her left side
      |   (generally); and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case
      [   may be. 
PARTURITION              646              PASSE-PIERRE
1. Short Forceps.






2. Long Forceps.



3. Lever or Vectis.


4. irs«ef and Blunt Hook.
Embrvolcia.
Symphysotomy and  Ce
  sarean Section.
Separation of the Head
  OF THE FcETtIS FROM THE
  Body.
Induction of Premature
  Laeoor.
 f Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal
 I   protuberances may be within  the fenestra;.  Introduce the left-hand blade
    first ; the index and middle finucrs of the right hand guiding ji to the ear.
    With the right hand pass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with
 {   the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left
 I   hand; the third and little fingers being employed to retain the left-hand blade
    in place; humour  the instrument so as lo allow the blades  to lock.  The
    handles may now be lied gently together. The force used must be from blade
 1.   to blade, with a gentle, tractile effort.
 ("Applicable where the head does not enter the brim.  The loin; forceps must be
 I   applied,  in  most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so  that  tD,e
 4   convex edges of the blades  may be  towards  the hollow of the  sacrum.
    (When used, the power may  be exerted from side to side, with  moderate
    traction.
 i The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps.  It must not he used
 <   strictly as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards.  It may be
 (   applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput.
 ( In certain cases of breech and  knee presentation, where the hand  is insufficient,
 <   it may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or tlie  blunt hook, with
 (   which to exert some force of traction.  The operation is very simple.
  Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require  thn
    child to he destroyed, and its bulk lessened; or the Oesarean section or sym-
    physolomy,  or the induction of premature labour may be called for.
  The instruments required here, are the  Perforator, Crotchet,  and Craniotomy
    Forceps.   Make a steady pressure on the abdomen ; pass two fingers of the
    left hand  up to the head: feel for a suture or fonlanelle; introduce the per-
    forator and  bore through, until the progress of the instrument is arrested by
    its shoulders.  Open the handles, and turn the instrument in different direc-
    tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with
    which the brain must be broken down.
  If, after this, delivery cannot  be accomplished without further aid, pass up the
    craniotomy  forceps; open  the  handles  slightly, and  introduce the blade
■(   without teeth within the cranium. On closing the forceps, a hold is obtained;
    and a tractile force can  now be exerted during  the pains, and the extrusion
    of the child  be effected.
  Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the hones  al the top of  the head may
    have to be removed, until the base alone remains.  The chin must then be
    brought through first.
  The crotchet is often  used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into
    the opening made by the  perforator, and  hooked  upon some bony projection
    in the interior of the skull; but il is not a good instrument.  In presentations
    of the face  demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be
    introduced just above the  nose, in the sagittal suture.
  When it is necessary to open  the head after the lower extremities have been
 (   expelled, the perforation must be made behind the ear.
 C In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the  operation of Symphysotomy  has
<   been adopted by French practitioners.—rarely by British or American ; and,
 f   in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the Cmsarean Section.
 [If the body of the fcetus has been forcibly separated, and the  head left in  the
    uterus, it must be laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps  be applied; or
    the head be opened  and  delivered, as  under embryulcia.  Should the head
    have been brought  away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought
    down.
 ' In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the fretus, at the full term, cannot
    be born alive, delivery may he brought about  at an earlier period, or as soon
    as the child is capable of  carrying on its functions  independently of the
    mother.
•{ The most advisable plan for accomplishing this object is merely  to pass  the
 j   finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as  to detach  Ihe
 I   decidua;—the membranes being thus left entire, and the life  of the child not
 |   so much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters
 [,   evacuated.   Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours.
  The laying of eggs by animals  is termed in
French p>qnte.  The term has been applied to the
periodical discharge—ponte piriodique — of ova,
(F.) Chute dea QSufs, which is supposed to take
place from the ovaries at each menstrual period.
  PARTURITION,  DRY,  Partus Siccus.
  PARTURIUM  VANUM, Fauaae couche,
  PARTUS,  Parturition —p. Abactio,  Abortion
—p. Abactus, Abortion — p. Caesareus,  Cesarean
section — p.  Difficilis, Dystocia—p. Laboriosus,
Dystocia, Laborious  labour — p. Praecox, Partu-
rition (premature) — p.  Prsematurus, Parturition
(premature) — p. Serotinus, Opsiotocia.
  Partus Siccus,  Dry  labour  or parturition.
Labour,  which is neither preceded nor attended
by a discharge of the liquor amnii.
  PARU'LIS, from trapa, 'near,' and ovXov, 'the
gum.'   Apoate'ma  parulia vel paroulis, Phleg'-
rno,ie Parulia, Gum Boil.  Small abscesses are so
called  which  form in the gums, sometimes with-
out any known  cause,  but which  often depend
upon carious  teeth.
  PARU'RIA, fromira^a, '^defect/vely,' and ovpoa,
' I  pass urine.'   Morbid secretion or discharge
of urine.
  Paruria Incontinens, Enuresis -»- p. Inconti-
nens  aquosa, see Diabetes — p. Inops, Ischuria,
false — p. Mellita, Diabetes — p. Retentionis, Is-
churia—p. Retentionis renalis, Ischuria—p. Re-
tentionis vesicalis,  Retention of urine — v. Stil-
latitia, Strangury — p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir-
rhoea.
  PARVITAS   MORBOSA   PARTIUM  OR-
GANIC ARUM, Microtesia.
  PAR'YGRON, from irapa, and 'vypos, 'humid.'
A liquid or moist preparation for allaying topical
inflammation.
  PAS  D'ANE,  Tussilago.
  PASMA, Catapasma.
  PASQUEFLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla.
  PASSA,  Paronychia.
  PASS.E  CORINTIIIACiE,  see  Vitis Corin-

  PASSAGES, DIGESTIVE,  Ways, digestive
—p. Second, Ways, second.
  PASSE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
PASSERAGE
647
PATELLA
  PASSERA GE, Iberis amara—p. Sauvage, Car-
damine pratensis.
  PASSIBILITY,  GREAT, Hypcraesthesis.
  PASSIFLO'RA  LAURIFO'LIA, Bay-leaved
Passion Flower. A  native of Surinam.  The fruit
has a  delicious  smell and flavour, and quenches
thirst, abates heat  of the stomach, increases the
appetite, Ac.
  Passiflora  Malifor'mis, Apple-shaped Gra-
nadil'la.  The  fruit of this species is esteemed a
delicacy in the West Indies, where it is served
up at table in desserts.
  Some of the  genus are said to possess  narcotic
and emetic properties.
  PASSIO,  Disease,  Passion — p.  ..Emoptoica,
Haemoptysis—p. Cadiva,  Epilepsy—p. Cardiaca,
Cardialgia—p.  Cceliaca, Cceliac flux — p. C'nole-
rica, Cholera—p. Felliflua,  Cholera—p. Haemop-
toica,  Hiemoptysis — p. Hypochondriaca, Hypo-
chondriasis— p. Hysterica, Hysteria — p. Iliaca,
Ileus—p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaia
— p. Pleuritica,  Pleuritis — p. Stomachica, Dys-
pepsia— p. Ventriculosa,  Coeliac flux—p. Vomi-
coflua. Phthisis pulmonalis.
   PASSION, Paa'aio, An'imiPathe'ma, Affec'tua,
Emo'tio, from patior,paaaua, 'to suffer.' An active
affection  or emotion of the mind; as rage, ter-
ror, love, hatred, <fcc.
   Passion Flower, Bay-leaved, Passiflora lau-
rifolia—p. Ilysterique, Hysteria—p. Iliac, Ileus.
   PASSIONKS ANIMI,  Affections  of the mind.
  PASSIVE, Paasi'vus.   Same etymon as Pas-
sion.  An epithet for diseases which seem owing
to a greater or less diminution of the strength,
or which  are without apparent reaction.  Thus,
passive hemorrhages are such  as  supervene in
debilitated  individuals, or under  conditions in
which increased action of the arteries can scarce-
ly  be presumed.   The term passive  has,  also,
been given to  aneurisms  of the heart  with exte-
nuation  of the  parietes;  in opposition  to active
aneurisms, with thickness of the  parietes—hy-
pertrophy.
   PASSULiE  MAJORES, see Vitis  vinifera —
p. Minores, see  Vitis Corinthiaca.
   PASSULA'TUM,  Uva  passa,  'raisins,  dried
grapes.'   A medicine in which  the pulp of raisins
is a chief ingredient.
   PASSY, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  This vil-
lage is in the vifcinity of Paris.  There are seve-
ral springs,  containing sulphates of  lime, iron,
and magnesia,  alum, common salt, carbonate of
iron, carbonic acid, &c.  They are  employed as
a tonic and astringent.
   PASTA DE  ALTHiEA, Paste, marshmallow
— p.  Amygdalina, Confection (almond) — p. de
Daetylis, Paste, date — p. Emulsiva,  Confection
(almond)—p.  de Jujubis, Paste of jujubes — p.
Rep a, Confection (almond).
   Pasta Glycyrriii'zjE  Gimma'ta et Anisa'ta
seu Massa de extracto glycyrrhi'za.  A compound
of  extract of liquorice, gum Senegal, sugar, Flo-
rence  orria-root, and volatile oil of aniaeed.  De-
mulcent.
   PASTE, Paata,  (F.) Pdte.   A compound me-
dicine, like the pastil, but less consistent, flexible,
less saccharine, and more  mucilaginous.
   Paste, Date. Massa seu Pasta de dac'tylis.
Composed of dates, sugar, gum Arabic, water, and
orange-flower water.— Ph. P.   Demulcent.
   Pastk of Ju'jubf.s, Paata  de ju'jubia, Moasa
de zizii/iho'ruinfructu.  Composed  of jujubea, gum
Senega/, sugar,  water, and tincture of  lemon-peel.
Demulcent.
   Paste, Marshmal'low,  Massa  de gummi
Arab'ieo, Pasta de altha'a. A compound  of gum
Arabic,  sugar,  white  •/  egg,  and orange-flower
water. — Ph. P.  It is demulcent*
  Paste, Tooth, Dentifricium — p. Vienna, sea
Powder, Vienna — p. Ward's, Confectio piperig
nigri.
  PASTEL, Paetil'lue, Diocrea, Aric'ula Cip'ria,
Cande'la fuma'lis, Phthois, Phthois'cns. A com-
pound of aromatic substances in various shapes;
used as a fumigating material when set fire to.
See Fumigation.
  The French use the term Pastille, (L.) Paatil-
lua, for a solid, dry, round, oblong,  square, or
triangular compound, whose base is essential oil,
and sugar the excipient.   These pastilles  are in
fact  small  lozenges,  and only  differ  from the
tablette in their smaller size.
 ' Pastel. Isatis tinctoria.
  PASTEQUE, Cucurbita citrullus.
  PASTILLE,  see Pastel.
  PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES  D'HAUTE-
RIVE-VICHY, see Trochisci Sudse bicarbonatis
— p. Fumigating, see Fumigation—p. de Vichy,
see Trochisci Sodae bicarbonatis.
  PASTILLI  DIGESTIVI  DARCETII,  see
Trochisci  Sodae  bicarbonatis — p. Emetinae  Pec-
torales, Trochisci emetinae pectorales.
  Pastil'li tie  Mentha Piperi'ta,  Peppermint
dropa.  (Sacch.  alb.,  aqua mentha pip., aq. dee-
atillat. aa ^ij. Boil to the consistence of an elec-
tuary.  Take of fine white augar in powder, ^iv;
volatile oil  of peppermint,  3^s-  Mix, and add
the  electuary whilst warm.  Drop  it  then on
marble, and dry the dropa.— Ph. P.)
  PASTILLUS, Pastel.
  PASTINACA ALTISSIMA, P. opoponax—p.
Anethum, Anethum graveolens — p.  Graveolens,
Anethum graveolens—p. Opaca, P. sativa.
  Pastina'ca Opop'anax.   The  name of the
plant which furnishes the Opoponax.  The plant,
whence the  gum resin is obtained, has, also, been
called Fer'ula opop'onax, Pastina'ca  altiss'ima,
Laserpit'ium  chiro'nium,  Selinum  opop'onax,
 Opopana'cum, Panax  heracle'um, Panax coeti'-
num, Paetina'cea, Kyna,Herculee-all-heal, Opop'-
anaxwort.
   Opoponax,  Opopana'cia gummi-reai'na, Gezir,
Pop'anax, Gummi Pana'cia, exudes from the roots
when wounded.   Its odour is strong and pecu-
liar; taste,  bitter  and acrid.  It is  met with in
the  shops, in lumps  of a reddish-yellow colour,
without; white within.   It has been recommend-
ed as an antispasmodic and emmenagogue; but
is seldom used.   Dose, gr. x. to ^j iu powder.
  Pastinaca Pratensis, P. sativa.
  Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphoboa'eum, Paatinaca
aylves'tris seu  optica seu  praten'eia, Ane'thum
pastina'ca,  Selinum paatina'ca, Ban'ica, Garden
paranep.  The  root is sweet and nutritious, and
is in esteem as  an article of food.   It has been
used as a diuretic  and demulcent in calculous af-
fections, <fec.
   Pastinaca Sylvestris, P. sativa—p. Sylves-
 tris tenuifolia oflicinarum, Daucus carota.
   PATE, Paste—p. Arainicdle, Arsenical paste.
   PATELLA, Rot'ula, It. genu, Epigon'atia, Epi-
gon'tis, Acromi/'/e, Epigou'iu's seu Epigu'nia seu
Epig'onia, Mola seu Concha seu  Oc'ulua seu Orbia
seu  Scutum  genu, Oa acutifor'me seu  diaciforme
seu thyreoi'dea, Supergenua'lia, Caiicalo'ides, My'-
 lacria, Myle, Gtunba, Olec'ration mob'He, (F.) Ro-
 tnle.   Diminutive of patina, 'a dish,' so  called
from its shape.   A sort of sesamoid,  flat, short,
 thick, rounded bone, situate in front of the knee,
 and enveloped  in the substance of the  tendon
 common to  the  extensor muscles of the leg. The
 posterior  surface  of the  patella is divided into
 two facettee, united angularly, which are encrust-
 ed with cartilage, and each of which is articulated
 with one of the condyles of the femur.  Tho pa- 
PATENT                 648                PAVILION
tella is developed by a single point of ossification.
When  the  patella is  fractured, it is difficult to
produce bony union.  This  can only be  accom-
plished by  keeping the  fractured  extremities
closely in apposition.
  Patella, Cup—p. Fixa, Olecranon.
  PATENT  MED'ICINE, Midecine brevetie ou
patentee, Remede breveti ou patente.  A  medici-
nal compound, for the sale of which the proposer
obtains from government  an exclusive privilege.
A specification of his invention must be registered
in the Patent Office, and,  hence,  it differs from
a secret medicine.
  PATER OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis.  '
  PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm.
  PATHEMA, Affection,  Disease.
  PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology.
  PATHET'IC, Pathet'icue, from iradetv,' to feel.'
That which moves the  passions.   A name given
to  the  euperior oblique muacle of the eye, and,
also, to a nerve.
  Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of  the eye.
  Pathetic Nerve,  Nervus Pathet'icua, A*, tro-
chlea'ria seu trochleato'riua seu trochlea'tor, the
ith pair of nervea, (F.) Oculo-muaculaire interne
(Ch.,) Nerf pathiti que, is  the smallest encephalic
nerve.  It "arises behind  the inferior part of the
tubereula  quadrigemina  (teatea)  at the  lateral
parts of the valvula Vieussenii.   Its roots unite
into  one thin  round cord,  which makes a  turn
upon the peduncles of the brain,  and passes into
a canal of the dura mater near the posterior cli-
noid process.  It enters the orbit by the broadest
part of the sphenoidal  fissure, and terminates in
the superior oblique muscle of the eye,  by divi-
 ding into several filaments.
   PATHETISM, Magnetism, animal.
   PATHIC, Morbid.
   PATHICAL, Morbid.
   PATHICUS, Morbid.
   PATHNE, Alveolus.
   PATHOGENETIC,  Pathogenet'icua,   Patho-
gen'icue.   Same  etymon  as the next.  Relating
 to  pathogeny.
   Pathogenetic Physiology, Phyaiolog"ia pa-
 thogenet'ica.  That part of  physiology which re-
 lates to the origin of disease.
   PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic.
   PATHOG"ENY,  Pathogen'ia,  Noeogen'eaie,
 Noaogen'ia,  from -KaSos, ' a  disease,' and yeveais,
 ' generation.'  The branch  of pathology which
 relates to the generation, production and develop-
 ment of disease.
   PATHOGNOMON'IC,  Pathognomon'icus, Sig-
 num conjunc'tum seu character!a'ticum seu morbi
 essentia'le ;  from ira%s,  ' an affection,'  and yt-
 voaKta, ' I know.'  A characteristic aymptom of a
 disease.
    PATHOG'RAPHY,  Pathograph'ia, from ira-
 5os, ' disease,'  and ypatpta,  ' I describe.'  A de-
 scription of disease.
    PATHOLOGIA,  Pathology — p.  Humoralis,
 Humorism—p. Solidaris, Solidism.
    PATHOLOG"ICAL, Patholog"icua, Pathol'o-
 gue;  same  etymon as pathology.  Relating to
 pathology.  Often used in the sense of pathical.
    Pathological Anatomy, see Anatomy.
    PATHOL'OGIST, Pathoiogue.  Same etymon.
 One versed in pathology.
    PATHOL'OGY, Pathematol'ogy, Patholog"ia,
 Pathematolog"ia,  Patholog"ice,  from iraSos, ' a
 disease,' and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  The branch
 of medicine whose object is  the knowledge of dis-
 ease.   It  has  been defined dieeaeed phyaiology,
 and phyaiology of diaeaae.  It is divided into ge-
 neral and special.  The  firat considers  diseases
 in common; — the second, the particular history
of each.  It is  subdivided into internal and  ex-
ternal, or medical and surgical.
  Pathology, Hi-moral, Humorism.
  PATHOMA'NIA,  Paraputhia,  Moral  Insa-
nity, from ira-Soj,' a disease,' and mania.  Ma'nia
sine Delir'io.  A morbid perversion of the natu-
ral feelings, affections, inclinations, temper,  ha-
bits,  moral disposition, and natural impulses,
without any remarkable disorder or defect of the
intellect or knowing and reasoning faculties, and
particularly without  any  insanity  or  halluci-
nation.
   PATHOMYOTOMTA; from trados, 'affection,'
pvs or pvtav, 'muscle,' and ropn, 'incision.'  The
title of a work by Dr. John Bulwer (1649), being
" a dissection of the  significative  muscles of the
affections of the mind,"
   PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
   PATHOS, Affection, Disease.
   PATIENCE,  Rumex patientia — p.  d'Eau,
Rumex hydrolopathum—p. Garden, Rumex pa-
tientia—p. Rouge, Rumex  sanguineus—p. Sau-
vage, Rumex acutus.
   PATIENT, see Sick.
   PATIENTIA, Rumex patientia.
   PATIENTLE MUSCULUS, Levator scapula?.
   PATNE, Alveolus.
   PATOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia.
   PATOR NA'RIUM.  The cavity or the open-
ing of the nostrils.
   PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.)
   PATTE D'OIE (F.),' Goose's foot.'  An apo-
neurotic expansion,  which covers the  internal
surface of the tibia at its upper part, and consists
of the  expansion formed  by the tendons of the
sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles.
   PATURSA,  Syphilis.
   PAU, (CLIMATE  OF.)   Pau is the capital of
the  department of the Lower  Pyrenees,  and  is
about 150 miles from  Bordeaux,  and  50 from
Bayonne.   The climate corresponds with that of
the  south-west of  France  generally;  its  great
quality is the comparative  mildness of its spring,
and exemption from  cold winds.  It is regarded
as a favourable winter residence for invalids la-
bouring under  chronic affections of the  mucous
 membranes.  It is too changeable for the  con-
 sumptive; and to be avoided by the rheumatic.
   PAULLlN'IA. This is an extract from a plant
of the same name in Brazil.   It is prepared by
the   Indians,  and  appears to possess  excitant
powers.  In Brazil,  and the neighbouring coun-
tries, it is given in the form of tisane—the pow-
der being mixed with cocoa — in diarrhcea and
 dysentery. It has been 'employed also as a tonic.
An extract is prepared in Brazil  from  Paullinia
eor'bilia, known  there under the  name of t7i/«-
 rona, which is  administered in similar pathologi-
 cal cases.
   PAU ME DE LA MAIN, Palm.
   PAUNCH, Ingluvies.
   PAUONTA, Sedatives.
   PAUPIERE. Palpebra.
   PAUSIME'NIA,  from iravats, 'cessation,'and
 prives, 'menses.'  Cessation of the menses.
   PAVANA WOOD, Croton tiglium.
   PAVIL'ION.  The French give the name pa-
 vilion, to the expanded extremity of a canal  or
 cavity,—for example, of a catheter, sound,  Ac.
   Pavilion of the  Ear,  Auric'ula,  Pinna,
  O'tium, Ala, (F.) Auricule ou  Orieule, Pavilion
 de I'oreille, is seated behind the cheeks, beneath
 the temple, and  anterior to the  mastoid process.
 Its  size varies  in individuals.   It is free above,
 behind, and below.   Anteriorly and within, it ia
 continuous with  the neighbouring parts.   Its
 outer surface has several prominences, the Helix, 
PA VILLON
619
PECTORALS
 Anthelix, Tragus, Antitrugus, and Lobe ;  and se-
 veral cavities—the groove of the Helix, the foasa
 navicularis seu scaphoidea, and the Concha.  The
 skin which covers the pavilion is very fine, and
 studded with  a number  of sebaceous  follicles.
 The auricle is fixed  to  the head by three fibro-
 areolar  ligaments; — a  superior, anterior,  and
 posterior.
   PAVILION  DE L'OREILLE, Pavilion of
 the ear—p. de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana.
   PAVIMENTUM  CEREBRI,  Base of the
 brain.
   PAVINA, jEsculus hippocastanum.
   PAVITA'TIO, Tremor; from pavor, 'dread.'
 Trembling  for fright.
   PAVOPHOBIA, Panophobia.
   PAVOR, (L.), Dread.   Great fright.   Pano-
 phobia.
   Pavo'res Noctur'ni seu Dormien'tium. Fear
 during sleep.
   PAVOT, Papaver.
   PAW, Manus.
   PAX WAX,  see Nucha.
   PAXYWAXY, see Nucha.
   PAZAHAR, Bezoar.
   PEA, Pisum — p.  Garden, Pisum—p. Ground
 Squirrel, Jeffersoniana Bartoni—p. Hoary, Galega
 Virginiana—p. Love, Abrus precatorius—p. Nut,
 Anichis  hypogea — p. Partridge, Cassia chamse-
 crista—p. Pisum—p.  Turkey, Galega Virginiana.
   PEACH  BRANDY,  Aniygdalus  Persica—p.
 Tree, Amygdalus Persica—p. Wood, see Caesal-
 pinia.
   PEAGLE, Primula veris.
   PEAR, see Pyrus malus.
   PEARL,  Perla, Mar'garon, Margari'ta, Mar-
 gel'Hum, Marge'lie, U'nio, (F.) Perle.  A round-
 ish concretion of a silvery white colour,  and bril-
 liant polish, found in several shells, and espe-
 cially in the Avic'ula margaritif era, which has,
 hence, been called Mater perlarum,  Margari'ta,
 and Mother of pearl, and is much used in the fa-
 brication of handles for surgical instruments, &c.
 Pearls were formerly given in powder as  astrin-
 gents and antacids.   They consist of lime and an
 animal matter.
   Pearl Ash, Potash of commerce—p. Mother
 of, see Pearl —p.  White, Bismuth, subnitrate of.
   PEA U, Cutis.
   PEA UCIER, Platysma myoides.
   PECAN or PECCAN NUT, see Hickory.
   PECCANT,  Peccana,  from peccare,  ' to  sin.'
 Morbid, not healthy.  An epithet given by  the
 humourists to the humours when  erring in qua-
 lity  or quantity.  See Materia Morbosa.
   PECHEDEON, Perinamm.
   PEt'IIER, Amygdalus Persica.
   PEC1IIAGRA, Pechyagra.
   PECHU'RIM seu PICHU'RIM CORTEX.  A
 highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of
 laurus.   It  is extremely fragrant, like  that of
 cinnamon, which it greatly resembles in its pro-
 perties.  In Portugal it  is used in the cure of
 dysentery, &c.   See Pichurim beans.
   PECH'YAGRA, Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec-
 tihagra,  from trrixvs,  ' the elbow,' and  aypa, ' a
 ecizure.'  Gout affecting the elbow.
   PECIIYS. Elbow.
   PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautiea.
   PECTE,  Cheese.
   PECTEN, Pubes.   Also, a comb.
   Pecten Dentium, Sepes dentium—p. Veneris,
 Scandix cerefolium.
   PECTIIIAGRA, Pechyagra.
   PECTIN, from trcKrts, 'a coagulum.'  A name
given by Braconnot to a  principle which forms
the basis of vegetable jelly.  It is  extensively
 diffused in the juices of pulpy fruits and roots,
 especially when they are mature : and  occasions
 these juices to coagulate when  they are mixed
 with alcohol or boiled with sugar.
   It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen-
 tary principles of Dr. Pereira—the pectinaceous.
   PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous.
   PECTINA'LIS, from pecten, ' the pubes ;' Pec-
 Una'ua, Mua'culua liv'idua, Pectindtua, (F.) Pubio-
 fimoral, Suepubio-fimoral  (Ch.), Pcctini.   This
 muscle is situate at the inner and upper part of
 the thigh.  It is long, flat, and triangular; is at-
 tached, above, to  the spaee which separates the
 ileo-pectineal eminence from the spine of the os
 pubis; and, below, by a flat tendon, to the ob-
 lique  line which  descends  from the lesser  tro-
 chanter to the linea aspera.   The pectinalis bends
 the thigh on the pelvis, and carries it outwards in
 adduction and rotation.  It may also  bend the
 pelvis on the thigh.
   PECTINATED,   Pectindtua, Pectin'iform,
 Pectinate, (F.) Pectini,  from pecten, ' a comb.'
 Having the shape of the teeth of a comb.
   Pectinated Muscles, Pectina'ti mua'culi. The
 fascicular texture observed  in the right  auricle
 of the heart: — Mua'culi Auric'ula Pectina'ti.
 Their main use probably is—to prevent the over
 dilatation of the auricles.
   PECTINATUS, Pectinalis.
   PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated.
   PECTINEUS, Pectinalis.
   PECTINIFORM, Pectinated.
   PECTINOUS,  Pectindceua, Pectino'sits, Pec-
 tindceous, from pectin.   Of or belonging to pec-
 tin or vegetable jelly,— as a. pectinous or pectina-
 ceous vegetable principle.
   PECTORAL, from pectua, 'the breast.'  Re-
 lating to the breast.  See Pectorals.
   PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis major.
   PECTORALE, Corset.
   PECTORALIS INTERNUS,  Triangularis
 sterni.
   Pectora'lis Major, from pectua, 'the breast'
 Pectordlia, 'Sterno-cleido-brachia'lia, (F.) Sterno-
 coato-clavio-humiral, Sterno-humiral(Ch.), Grand
 Pectoral.  A large, flat, triangular muscle, situate
 at the anterior part of the  chest, before the ax-
 illa.  It is attached, on the one hand, by means
 of aponeurotic fibres, to the inner half of the an-
 terior edge of the clavicle; to the anterior surface
 of the sternum, and to the cartilages of the  first
 six true ribs; — on the other, by a strong tendon,
 which is inserted at the anterior edge of the bici-
 pital groove  of the humerus.  The use of  this
 muscle is, to move the arm in various  directions.
 If it be hanging by the side of the body, it carries
 it  inwards and a little forwards.   When the arm
 is  raised, it depresses it and carries it inwards.
 It can, also, move  it in rotation inwards.  If the
 humerus be raised and fixed, the pectoralis ma-
 jor draws the trunk towards the upper extremity.
  Pectora'lis Minor, Serra'tue  anti'cits minor,
 (F.) Coeto-coraco'idien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Petit
 dentili antirieur.   This muscle is situate beneath
 the preceding, at the anterior and upper part of
 the chest.  It is flat and triangular; is attached
 by its base, which appears digitated, to the upper
 edge and outer surface of the  3d, 4th, and 5th
 true ribs, and  is inserted at the anterior part of
 the coracoid process. The pectoralis minor draws
the scapula forwards and  downwards, and makes
it  execute a rotatory motion, by virtue of which
its inferior angle  is carried  backwards,  and the
anterior depressed.  When the shoulder  is fixed,
it  elevates the ribs to which it is attached, and
aids in the dilatation of the chest.
  PECTORALS, Pectordlia, Thorac"iea.  Me- 
PECTORILOQUE            650              PELARGONIUM
dieines considered  proper  for relieving or remo-
ving affections of the chest.
   Pectoral Drops, Bateman's, consist  chiefly
of tincture of caator, with some camphor and opi-
um,  flavoured by anieeed.  Gray gives the follow-
ing  formula: Caator, ^j ;  ol. aniai, ^j ', camph.
q\' ; cocci, £iss ; opii, J^vj ; proof spirit, a gallon.
   A form, advised  by a committee of the Phila-
delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following:—
Alcohol, dil. cong.  iv ; Santa/, rubr. ras. ^j ;  di-
gere per boras xxiv; cola,  et adde Pulv. opii,
I'ulv. catechu, Camphora, 55 ^ij ;  Ol. anisi, giv.
Digest for ten days.
   PECTORILOQUE, from pectus, 'the  chest,'
and  loqui, 'to speak.'  Laennec calls  thus one
who presents the phenomenon of Pectoriloquism.
Also, a stethoscope.
   PECTORILOQUIE,  Pectoriloquy— p. Chiv-
rotante, Egophony.
   PEC'T6RILOQUYr,Pecrori'("oc/7(7sm,Cat''er7iOMS
voice, Pectorilo'quia, (F.) Pectoriloquie, Voix ca-
verneuse, V. a.rticulie.  Same  etymon.  Speech
or voice coming from the chest.   Laennec has
designated,  by this  name, the phenomenon often
presented by consumptive individuals, when their
chests are examined with the stethoscope.  The
voice seems to issue directly  from  the chest, and
to pass through the central canal of the cylinder,
■—a phenomenon owing to the voice resounding
in the anfractuous cavities,  produced in the lungs
by the suppuration or breaking down of tuber-
cles, which  constitute abscesses or ulcers  of the
lungs.
   PECTUS, Sternum,  Thorax —p. Carinatus,
see Carina.
   PECULIUM, Penis.
   PEDAGRA, Potassae supertartras impurus.
  PEDAL, Peda'lis, from pes, pedis, 'the foot.,
Relating to  the foot: — as
   Pedal Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponivrosepedieuse.
A thin, aponeurotic layer,  which invests the ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and  separates the
tendons of the foot  from each other.
   PEDES, Genital  Organs.
   PEDESIS, Pulsation.
   PEDETHMOS, Pulsation.
  PEDIAL'GIA, Pedional'gia, PedioneuraVgia,
from treiiov,  'the sole of  the  foot,' and  aXyos,
'pain.'   Pain in the sole of the foot.  Neuralgia
of the foot in general.
  PEDICLE, VITELLINE,  see Vesicula umbi-
licalis.
  PEDICULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria.
  PEDICULATIO, Phtheiriasis.
  PEDICULUS, Phtheir,  the Louse,  (F.) Pou.
A genus of parasitic insects.   The  human body
is infested with  three kinds: the Body-louse, or
Clothes-louse, Pedic'ulue  vestimen'ti, (F.) Pou de
corpa; the Head-louae, Pedic'nlua  cap'itis, (F.)
Pou  de  la  tite, which lives in the hair;  the
Crab-louse, Mor'pio, Ferdlie pedic'nlua, Plat'ula,
Phthiriua inguina'lis, Pedic'nlua Pubia, (F.) Mor-
pion, which infests  the hair of the  pubes.  Infu-
sion  of tobacco, or  mercurial ointment, or oint-
ment of white precipitate of mercury, or the white
or red precipitate   of mercury, readily destroys
them.  The louse occurring in  phtheiriasis, pedic'-
ulue  tabeacen'Hum, differs from the common louse.
—Vogel.
  Pediculus Capitis, see Pediculus — p. Pubis,
Crab-louse—p. Tabescentium, see  Pediculus—p.
Vestimenti, see Pediculus.
  PEDICURE, Chiropodist.
  PEDICUS, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
  PED1EUX (muscle), Extensor  brevis digito-
rum  pedis.
  PEDIGAMBRA,  Ysambra.
   PEDILU'VIUM, from pedea, 'the feet,'  and
 lavo, ' I wash.'  Laripe'dimn, (F.) Bain de pied.
 A bath for the feet.  See Bath.
   PEDION, Sole.
   PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia.
   PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia,
   PEDIUM, Tarsus.
   PEDONCULES DU CERVELET, Corpora
 restiformia.
   PEDORA.  The sordes of the eyes, ears, and
 feet.
   PED'UNCLE, Pedun'culne.   This term  has
 been applied to different prolongations or appen-
 dices of the encephalon, from pea, pedia, ' a foot'
 Thus, the Pedunclea of the brain  are the Crura
 cerebri;  the Pedunclea  of the  cerebel'lum,  the
 Crura cerebelli.
   Peduncles op the Brain,  Pedun'culi cer'ebri,
 called, also, Crura anterio'ra medul'la oblonga'ta,
 are  two  white cords, about Jths  of an inch in
 diameter, on the outside of the corpora albicantia.
 They arise from the medullary substance of the
 brain, and gradually approach, till they join the
 tuber annulare.   They are formed, internally, of
 a  mixture  of cineritious and medullary matter;
 the former of which, being of a darker colour at
 one  part than  in  any other  part of the brain,
 has been called Locua niger crurum cerebri.
   Peduncles of the  Cerebellum,  Pedun'culi
 cerebel'li, called, also, Crura poaterio'ra,  are six
 in number, three  on each side — a euperior,  a
 middle, and an inferior.  The superior peduncles
 are generally known as the Processus cerebelli
 ad testes, Crura cerebel'li ad cor'pora quadrigem'-
 ina,  Bra'chia copulati'va; the inferior are the
 Processus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam ;  and
 the middle are called, also, Cerebel'lar peduncles
 —Procee'eua seu Crura cerebel'li ad pontem, Bra'-
 chia pontia.
   Peduncles,  Inferior of  the  Cerebellum,
 Corpora restiformia—p. of the Medulla Oblongata,
 Corpora restiformia.
   Peduncles of  the Pineal Gland  are  two
 medullary bands  or strips, which  seem  to issue
 from  the pineal gland, and proceed on each  side
 upon the upper and inner  region of the optic
 thalami.
   Pedunculi Cerebelli, Peduncles of the Cere-
 bellum—p. Cerebri, Peduncles of  the Brain—p.
 Medullae Oblongatae, Corpora restiformia.
   PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle.
   PEGA, Canthus (lesser).
   PEGANEL^EON,  Oleum,  rutdceum,  O'leum
 ruta, from  ireyavov,  'rue.'  Oil of Rue.
   PEGANUM, Ruta.
   PEINE, Hunger.
  PEINOTHERAPIA, Limotherapeia.
  PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus.
  PELADA.  A  word  of uncertain origin, ap-
plied to alopecia, especially to that resulting from
syphilis.
  PELA'GIA.  A kind of scaly erysipelas of the
hands — sometimes of the legs, at others, of the
face.   Pellagra.(?)
  PELAGRA, Pellagra.
  PELARGO'NIUM ANCEPS,  Peria'tera  an-
cepa.   A South African  plant, Nat.  Orel. Gera-
niaceae; the decoction  of which is used by the
 Malays in  amenorrhoea,  and  to promote parturi-
tion and  abortion.
  Pelargonium Antidysenter'icum, JenMnao'-
nia antidyaenter'ica. This South African plant is
used by the natives in dysentery.   It is boiled in
milk.
  Pelargo'nium Cucui.la'tum.  Common along
the side of the Table Mountain.  It has been re-
commended in  decoction as an enema in colic,
nephritis, and suppression of urine.   It is an ex- 
PELICAN                651                  PELVIS
» cell -rit emollient,  and was formerly exported  to
  Holland under the name Herba Althaa.
    Pelargo'niUM Triste, Po/yac'tium triste. The
  root of this plant, which grows  at  the Cape  of
  Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used
  there in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an an-
  thelmintic.
    1 EL'ICAN, Pelica'nus, Peleca'niis, Pel'ecan,
  Pel'ecus.  An instrument, curved at the end like
  the beak of a  pelican.  Its use is to extract teeth.
    PELICIDE,  Peldde, Mel  coctum.   Boiled
  honey. — Ruland and Johnson.
    PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter.
    PKLIONOMA,  Ecchymoma, Pelioma.
    PELlO'MA, Pelidno'ma, from trcXos,  'black.'
  A livid ecchymosis.—Forestus. See Ecchymoma.
    PELIOSE, Purpura.
    PELIOSIS, Purpura haemorrhagica—p. Rheu-
  matiea, see  Purpura simplex.
    PELLA,  Cutis,  Prepuce.
    PEL'LAGRA, Pel'agra,  Ichthyo'sis Pellagra,
  Elephantiasis Itaiica,  Tuber Pellagra, Lepra
  Mei/iolanciisis, L. Lombard'ica, Scorbu'tits alpi-
  nus, Ma'nia pelldgria, Erythe'ma end em' icum seu
  peilagrum, Insolazione  de Primarera, Mal  del
  Sole, Dermat'tigra, Eryaip'elaa period'ica nervo'-
  8'i chron'ica, Mal tie mialre, Paral'ysis scorbu'tica,
  Scurry of the Alps, Impetigo Pellagra, (F.) Scor-
  but des Alpes; from 7n:XAa,(?) 'skin,' and aypa,
  ' seizure.' A disease, particularly noticed among
  the Milanese, which consists in the skin becoming
  covered with wrinkles, and assuming a scaly ap-
  pearance, especially in the parts exposed to the
  air.   The strength  diminishes,  the  intellectual
  faculties  and sensations become obscure, and
  cramps, convulsions, and other lesions of mus-
  cular contractility  supervene.   It is a singular
  endemic affection,  and has been supposed to fol-
  low every where the introduction of Indian corn:
  hence the name Rapha'nia ma'iz'tica, given to it
  by some of the Italian physicians.
    PELLENS, from peltere, 'to drive.' Driving;
  impelling.
    Peli.en'tia Medicamen'ta are medicines that
  promote the occurrence of the menstrual or hae-
  inorrhoidal  flux.
    PELLICULA  SUMMA,  Epidermis —p. Su-
  perior, Epidermis.
    PELLICUL/E CORDIS, Ostiola cordis.
    PELLIS, Cutis—p. Summa, Epidermis.
    PELLITORY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum—p.
  American, Parietaria Pennsylvanica—p. Bastard,
  Achillea ptarmica — p. of Spain, Anthemis pyre-
  thrum—p. Wall, Parietaria.
    PELMA,  Sole.
    PELOR,  Monster.
    PELORIA, .Monster.
    PELORIUM, Monster.
    PELORUM, Monster.
    PELOTE DE  MER, Pila marina.
    PELTALIS seu PELTATUS  CARTILAGO,
  Thvroid cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage.
    PELTAN'DRA  VIRGTNTCA, Arum Virgiii-
  icum, Lecon'tia, Renssela'ria, Arrow Arum, Ta-
  raho, Wampee; indigenous; of the Order Aracea?.
  The fresh  roots and seeds are acrid stimulants,
  like Arum.
    PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA, Lichen  caninus
  — p.  Canina,  Lichen caninus — p. Leucorrhiza,
  Lichen caninus — p. Malacea, Lichen caninus —
  p. Spuria, Lichen caninus.
    PEl.TIGERA  CANINA, Lichen caninus.
    PELUDE, Pelicide.
    PELVIC, Pcivicus, Pelvi'nus.  Belonging  or
  relating to the pelvis.
    Pelvic Aponeurosis, (F.)Aponivrosepelvien ne.
  A tendinous lamina, given off from the sides of the
  pelvis, and  from the entire circumference of the
brim, which passes into and lines the pelvis, and
is  soon  divided into two distinct layers; — one
external, the lateral pelvic or obturator fascia,
which continues to line the sides of  the pelvis,
and  covers  the obturator internus muscle; the
other, internal or superior, which passes inwards
upon the side of the prostate, bladder, and rec-
tum  in the male, and of the bladder, vagina, and
rectum  in the female, in order to form the floor
of the pelvis.
  Pelvic Cavity,  (F.) Caviti pelvienne.   The
cavity of the pelvis.
  Pelvic Members.  The lower extremities.
  Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium.  That which
faces the pelvic cavity.
  PELVICULA OCULI, Orbit.
  PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pelvi-trochan-
teridnus.   That which relates to  the pelvis and
great trochanter. The Pelvi-troch ante1rian region
is formed by the muscles—pyramidalis, two obtu-
rators, genii ni, and quadratus femoris, which pass
frbm the pelvis to the digital cavity of the  great
trochanter.
  PELVIM'ETER,Petyeom'efer,Pe/i/o?7!Vter,.Pe-
licom'eter, Pyelom'eter, from  pelvis,  and p,crpov,
'a measure.'  A barbarous hybrid.  This name
has been given to different instruments, invented
for measuring the  diameters of the pelvis, and
particularly the antero-posterior or fore-and-aft
diameter of the brim.  Two have been chiefly
employed, especially by French practitioners: —
the  Compas d'ipaisseur, and the  Pelvimeter of
Coutouly.  1.  The  Compas d'epaisseur or  CaV-
lipera of Baudelocque, is  formed like a pair of
compasses—with blunt extremities—the branches
of which can be moved at will.  One of these is
applied  to the  symphysis pubis, and the other on
the sacrum.  About three  inches must be de-
ducted  from this  measurement for the thickness
of the mons veneris, pubis, and the  base of the
sacrum.  2. The Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem-
bles  the instruments used by shoemakers for
measuring  the length of  the foot.   The  two
branches are introduced, in  a state of approxima-
tion,  into the vagina; and then  separated,, so
that one touches the promontory of the sacrum,
the  other comes behind  the os pubis. It  is a
barbarous contrivance, and  its introduction ought
never to be attempted on the living subject.  It
does not, indeed, seem  possible to introduce it
without mischief.
  The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter,
and by  it we can  judge whether the base of the
sacrum  be  unusually prominent.   Measurement
of the pelvis by the hand has been called Pely-
cochirometre'sis; from  ireAv|, 'the pelvis,' xe'P>
' the hand,' and ptrpov, ' measure.'
  PELVIS, Cho'ana, Py'elos, (F.) Basain; so
called,  because fancied to  be shaped like  an
ancient  basin.   The part  of the trunk which
bounds  the abdomen below.  It is  a large, bony,
irregular, canoidal cavity, — open  above and be-
low,—which supports and contains a part of the
intestines, and the  urinary and genital organs;
and serves, at the same time, as a fixed point for
the articulation of  the lower limbs,  the attach-
ment of their muscles, and the execution of their
movements.  The pelvis supports, behind, the
vertebral column, and is sustained, before, by the
ossa  femorum.  It is situate, in the  adult, near
the middle  part of the body, and is composed of
four  broad, flat, unequally thick bones, differing
much in their shape, size, and arrangement, which
touch, are articulated at some part- of their sur-
face, and intimately united by means of a number
of ligamentous fascia?.  Of these bones, two are
behind,  on  the median line, — the sacrum  and
the coccyx; the two others  are before and at tho 
              PELYCOMETER

sides, — the ilia.   They  are  fellows, and unite,
before,  with  each other.   The most  important
parts of the pelvis, in an obstetrical point of view,
are the brim and the outlet. The Brim, Angus'tia
abdomina'lis, Intro'it us, Apertu'r a pelvis supe'rior,
Upper Opening or strait of the Cavity of the Pel-
vis, (F.) Ditroit supirieur, D. abdominal, is the-
narrow  part  which separates the greater pelvis
from the less—the false from the true, Pelvis vera
seu minor.   In the well-formed woman it is ellip-
tical, and slightly inclined forwards.  Its antero-
posterior or sacro-pubic  diameter, in a standard
pelvis, measures 4£ inches, but with the soft parts,
3|  inches ; its tranaveree or iliac or  lateral, 5£
inches,  but with the soft parts  4 inches : and its
oblique  with the soft parts, 4f inches.  The  Out-
let, Ex'itua, Inferior opening or atrait, Angua'tia
perinadlia,  (F.)  Ditroit infirieur,  D. pirinial,
forms  the  lower  aperture of  the  pelvis.   The
antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of
the mobility  of the coccyx, 5 inches: the lateral,
4 inches.   The Axis of the Pelvis is important
to be known  in obstetrics*  The Axia of the Brim
is  indicated  by a straight line drawn from the
umbilicus to  the  apex of the coccyx;—the Axia
of the  Outlet by a line drawn from  the first bone
of the sacrum to the entrance of the  vagina.  An
imaginary  curved line which indicates the direc-
tion of  the canal  of the  pelvis, has  occasionally
been termed  the  cww of Carua, in  consequence
of its  having been pointedly  described by the
German obstetrician.
  Pelvis Aurium, Cochlea—p. Cerebri, Infundi-
bulum of the brain.
  Pelvis  of the Kidney,  Pelvia  rena'Ua seu
renum,  Sinua, Venter seu Alvua Renum, (F.)  Baa-
sinet.   This is a small, membranous  pouch, occu-
pying   the posterior  part of  the fissure  of the
kidney.  It  is platfed behind  the  renal artery
and vein;  is elongated  from  above  to below;
flattened from before to behind ; irregularly oval
in figure;  and, below, contracts considerably, to
be  continuous with the  ureter.  It  receives the
orifices of  the infundibula, which pour the urine
secreted in the kidney into its cavity.
  Pelvis  Minor, Pelvis—p. Ocularis, Scaphium
oculare—p.  Renalis,  Pelvis of the kidney — p.
Renum, Pelvis of the kidney—p. Vera, Pelvis.
  PELYCOMETER, Pelvimeter.
  PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter.
  PEMMICAN. Meat  cured, pounded,  and
mixed with fat.   It has been much used as nutri-
ment on long overland journeys.
  PEM'PHIGUS, Emphly'ais Pem'phigua, Pom'-
pholyx, from trepipi!;, 'a blister;' Febria bullosa,
vesicula'ris, ampullo'sa seu pemphigo'des seu pem-
phingo'des, Exanthe'ma  eeroaum, Morta, Pem'-
phigua  morta, Pemphigus Helveticua, Pemphigua
major, Pemphigua minor, Morbua bulloaua seu ve-
sicula'rh seu ampulla'ceua, Pem'phinx, Pemphix,
Pemphyx,  Typhua veaiculdria, Veaic'ular Fever,
Bladdery Fever, (F.) Fievre  bulleuse,  F. Visicu-
laire.   A disease, defined to consist of vesicles,
scattered over the body; transparent, filbert-sized,
with a red, inflamed edge, but without surround-
ing blush or tumefaction ; on breaking, disposed
to ulcerate;  fluid, pellucid or  slightly coloured;
fever, typhous.   It is doubtful whether any such
idiopathic  fever  have ever existed: the proba-
bility is, that the fever and vesications have been
an  accidental complication.   Cullen thinks the
Pemphigus Helveticus must have been malignant
sore throat.   If, however, such a distinct disease
did  exist,  it  was probably only as an endemico-
epidemic.
   Pemphigus  Hungaricus,  see Anthrax — p.
Major,  Pemphigus — p.  Minor, Pemphigus — p.
Morta,  Pemphigus—p. Variolodes,  see Varicella.
!                PENNATUS

  PEMPHINX, Pemphigus.
  PEMPHIX, Pemphigus.
  PEMPHYX, Pemphigus.
  PEMPTJEA FEBRIS, Quintan.
  PEN.EA MUCRONATA, see  Sarcocolla — p.
Sarcocolla, Sarcocolla.
  PENCIL-LIKE  PROCESSES,  Styloid pro-
cesses.
  PENDULOUS ABDOMEN, Physconia.
  PENDULUM  PALATI,  Velum pendulum
palati.
  PEN'ETRATING, Pen'etrans, from penctrare,
(penitua intrare,)  'to go into.'   A wound is  so
called which penetrates one of the great splanchnic
cavities — Vulnue penetrane.
  A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed
to pass through the pores, and stimulate.
  PENICILLUM, Compress,  Penicillus.
  PENICIL'LUS, Penicill'um,  'a  painter's
brush;' diminutive of penia, ' a  tail.' A tent or
pledget.  The secreting glandiform extremities
of the venae  portae,  (Ac"ini bilio'ai) have been
so termed, as well as the villous textures.
  Penicillus, Tent.
  PENICULUM, Compress.
  PENICULUS, Tent.
  PENIDES, Saccharum hordeatum.
  PENID'IUM, Penidium aacchardtum.  A kind
of clarified sugar, made up into rolls.   Barley
augar.  It is  demulcent; see Saccharum horde-
atum.
  PENIL, Mons veneris.
  PENIS, 'a tail,' from pendere,  'to hang down;'
 Caulis, Colea, Caulea, Cauloa, Men'tula,  Menta,
Phall'na,  Poathe, Proa'thium, Crithe, Cor'yne,  Vo-
mer, Pater om'nium viven'tium, Pria'pua, Virgo,
 V. viri'lia, V. genitdlia, Vere'trum, Sathe, Mem-
brum viri'le,  Membrum, Verbua, Viri'le, Para  Vi-
ri'lia,  Membrum aeminale seu genitale viro'rum,
Morion, Cyon, Sic'ula, Tentum, Haeta, II. nuptid-
lia, H. viri'lia, Vaa, Vaa'culnm,  Pecu'lium, Vir'-
gula, Vir, Thyreua,  Tenaua, Clavua, Cauda aalax,
 Cauda, Fas'cinum, F. viri'le, Muto, Nervus,  N.
 fiatulo'eua seu flatula'ria seu juvenilia, Per'tica
per se, Scapus, Leco, Curcu'lio, Vena, Contua, Te-
lum,  Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum,  Arma, Gla'diua, Lu'-
 bricum Caput, Muti'nus, Palua, Pea'eulua,  Radix,
Ramue, Rutab'ulum, Arma  Ventria, Columna  ad-
etana  inguin'ibua,   Columna,  Pyr'amie,  Trabe,
Spina,  Catapulta viri'lia, Verpa, Macha'ra, Tau-
rue; the  Yard,  Male  organ,  kc. (F.)   Verge,
Membre viril.  This organ, the use of  which is
to carry the  seminal fluid into the female organs
of generation, is  cylindroid,  long,  and  erectile,
and situate  before  and beneath the symphysis
pubis.  In the ordinary state, it  is soft and pen-
dent in front of the scrotum.   During erection,
it becomes elongated,  upright,  and assumes  a
triangular shape.  Its upper surface is called the
Doraum penia, (F.) Doa de la verge; and, at its
anterior surface, there is a longitudinal projection
formed by the  canal of the  urethra.  The  two
 sides of the  penis  are round, and its  posterior
 extremity or  root is attached to the pelvis.   Its
anterior extremity is free, and presents the glans,
prepuce, and  orifice  of the  urethra.  The penis is
formed of the  corpora cavernosa, the  principal
 seat of erection;  the  corpus spongiosum of the
urethra for  the conveyance of the urine  and
 sperm, and  of the  glans, which terminates the
 canal.  The Arteriea of the penis  are branches
 of  the internal  pudic.   The Veina correspond
 with the  arteries.  The Nervea  are  from  the in-
ternal pudic.
   Penis  Cerebri,  Pineal  gland—p. Femineus,
 Clitoris—p.  Lipodermus, Paraphimosis—p.  Mu-
 liebris, Clitoris.
   PENNATUS, Penniform.
65: 
PENNIFORM
653
PERFORANS
    PEN'NIFORM, Pennifor'mia, Penndtua, from
  penna, 'a  pen,' and form a, 'form.'  An epithet
  for  muscles whose fleshy fibres  are  inserted on
  each side of a middle tendon, like the feathers of
  a pen on their common stalk.
    PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi.
    PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium, Hedeoma
  l'U]^»>idc'*—p. Hart's, Mentha cervina.
    PENSAC'OLA, see Saint Augustine.
    PEN SEE, Viola tricolor —p. Sauvaqe, Viola
  tricolor.
    PENSILTA.  Pudibilia.
    PENTAMY'RON,  Penlama'ron,  from trcvrc,
   five,' and pvpov, 'ointment.'  An ancient oint-
  ment, consisting of five ingredients.   These are
  said to  have been — storax, mastich, wax, opo-
  balsam, and unguentum nardinum.—Paulus, and
  Aetius.
    PENTAPHAR'MACON, from  trevre,  'five,'
  and ipappaKov, ' remedy.'  Any medicine  consist-
  ing of five ingredients.
    PENTAPHYLLUM, Potentilla reptans.
    PEN'TATEUCH, (SURGICAL,) Pentated-
  chus, from trevre,  'five,' and w^of, 'a book,'
  which signifies the five books of Moses—Genesis,
  Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
  By analogy, some surgeons  have given the name
  Surgical Pentateuch to the  division of external
  diseases into  five classes: —wounds, ulcers, tu-
  mours, luxations, and fractures.
    PENTATH'ETUM,  from  trevre,  'five,'  and
  ndevai, ' to place.'  An ancient plaster consisting
  of five ingredients.
    PENIILA,  Ingluvies.
    PENZANCE,  CLIMATE OF.   This  is the
  chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, England,
  during the  winter.  It is situated on Mount's
  Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End.  It is
  5i° warmer in winter than London; 2° colder in
  summer ; scarcely 1° warmer in  the spring, and
  only about 2i° warmer in the autumn.   It is a
  very favourable winter residence for the phthisical
  invalid.
   PEONY, Pasonia.
   PEPANSIS, Coction, Maturation.
   PEPANTICOS, Maturative.
   PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation.
   PEPAS'TIC, Pepas'ticus, from ttciraivta, 'I con-
 coct.'  A medicine supposed to have  the  power
 of favouring the concoction  of diseases.   Matu-
 rative.
   PEPEIRUS, Concocted.
   PEPINO, (S.) A cucurbitacea, which is culti-
 vated in great abundance in the fields of Peru.
 The pulp or edible part is solid,  juicy, and well
 flavoured ; but is apt to disagree.
   PEPO, Cucurbita pepo—p. Lagenarius, Cucur-
 bita lagenaria—p. Vulgaris, Cucurbita  pepo.
   PEPPER, BLACK, Piper nigrum-p. Cayenne,
 Capsicum annuum—p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba—p.
 Quinea,*Capsicum annuum—p. Jamaica, Myrtus
 Pimento—p. Long, Piper longum—p. Poor-man's,
 Polygonum hydropiper—p. Tailed, Piper cubeba
 —p. Turnip, Arum triphyllum—p. Water,  Poly-
 gonum hydropiper—p. Water, of America,  Poly-
 gonum punctatum—p. Wall,  Sedum —p. White,
 Piper album.
  PEPPERWORT, Lepidium.
  PEPSIN,  Peps'inum,   Chy'mosin, Gas'terase,
 Diges'tire Prin'ciple, from tresis, 'coction.'  A
 peculiar organic  matter, which  in combination
 with the gastric acids, is considered to form the
 proper digestive solvent.   Its chemical constitu-
 tion is unknown.   It would appear that its pre-
sence  is necessary to induce  changes in the ele-
ments of the food, which  may enable the gastric
acids to act upon them so as to form chyme.
     PEPSIN UM, Pepsin.
     PEPSIS, Coction, Digestion.
     PEPTIC, Pep'ticua, from treirria, 'I ripen.'  An
  agent that promotes  digestion,  or  is digestive.
  Also, applied  adjectively to an article of food that
  is easy of digestion.
     Peptic Persuader, see Pilulae aloes et Kinae
  Kinae.
     PERACUTUS, Catoxys.
     PERARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis.
     PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia.
     PERCE-CRANE, Perforator.
     PERCE-FEUILLE, Bupleurum rotundifo-
  lium.
     PERCE-MOUSSE, Polytrichum.
     PERCE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum.
     PERCEP'TA, from  percipere, 'to  perceive,'
  ' receive.' A word used by some writers on hy-
  giene to indicate, in  a general manner, the effects
  of the nervous action on the animal economy; in
  other words, the sensations, the functions  of tho
  mind, and their deterioration or privation.
    PERCEPTION, Percep'tio.'  The appreciation
  which the brain has  of an impression made upon
  an organ of sense.
    PERCEPTIVITY.  Same etymon. The power
  of perception.
    PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation.
    PERCOLA'TION, Percoldtio, from percolare,
  (per and colare,) 'to strain through.' The terms
  percolation and  displacement are applied in phar-
  macy to  an operation which consists in placing
  any substance, the virtues  of which  have  to  be
  extracted by a menstruum, in a funnel-shaped in-
  strument, having a septum perforated with  holes,
  or its tube stuffed with cotton or  tow, and pour-
  ing fresh portions of the menstruum upon it until
  all its virtues have been extracted.  The opera-
  tion is used in the formation of certain infusions,
  extracts, tinctures, <fec.
   An instrument used for this purpose is called a
  displacer or per'colator.
   PERCOLATOR, see Percolation.
   PERCUSS.   Percu'tere,  (F.) Percuter,  Frap-
  per.  Same etymon as the next.  To strike upon
  with the view of appreciating the resulting sound.
  To  practise percussion.
   PERCUS'SION, Epicrou'aia, Percus'sio, from
 percutere, (per, and quatere,) 'to strike.'  When
 immediate  or  direct  percussion is made on the
 chest or abdomen, the more or less perfect  reso-
 nance is  an index of the state of  the contained
 organs ;  and the physician is thus aided in his
 diagnosis.  For this  purpose  the  chest may be
 struck with the fingers, gathered  into a bundle,
 and their tips placed  upon a level.  It is better,
 however,  to employ  mediate  percussion, which
 consists in interposing, between the point of the
 fingers and the  chest,  the finger  of the  other
 hand, or a Plexim'eler, and  striking this instead
 of the naked ehest.
   Percussion, Auscultatory, see Acouophonia.
   PERCUTER, Percuss.
   PERCUTEUR  COURBE A   MARTEAU,
 (F.)   An  instrument  used by Baron Heurteloup
 in the operation of lithotomy, in which  a  ham-
 mer is employed.instead of a screw, to force to-
 gether the blades of the instrument on the foreign
 body.                                     6
  PERDO'NIUM.  A medicated wine of herbs.
 — Paracelsus.
  PERETERIUM,  Trepan.
  PERETORIUM, Trepan.
  PER'FORANS, from perforare, (per, and fo-
rare,)  to bore through.'  A name given to diffe-
rent muscles, whose tendons  pass through inter-
vals  between the fibres or tendons of other mus-
cles;  thence called perforated.   See  Flexor 
PERFORATED              6,
Longus Digitorum, Ac.  Under the name Per-
forating Ar'teries, are included, 1. In the hand—
arterial branches, given  off  by  the  profound
palmar arch, which traverse the muscles and in-
terosseous spaces.  2. In the thigh—three or four
arteries, furnished by  the profunda, which pass
through the openings  of  the  abductor magnus.
3. In the foot—the anterior and superior branches
of the plantar arch.
   Perforans Casserii, see Cutaneous — p. Ma-
ntis, Flexor profundus  perforans—p. Profundus,
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans.
   PERFORATED SPOT. Locus perforatus.
   PERFORATING ARTERIES, see Perforans.
   PERFORATIO,  Perforation — p. Cranii, see
Perforator — p. Intestinorum, Enterobrosis — p.
Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis.
   PERFORA'TION, Perfordtio, Anatre'sis, Di-
atre'sis, from perforare,  ' to  pierce.'  An  acci-
dental opening in the continuity of organs, either
from an external or internal cause.
   Perforation,  Paracentesis—p. de I'Estomac,
Gastrobrosis — p. des Inteatina, Enterobrosis — p.
Uteri, Uterus, rupture  of the.
   PER'FORATOR,  Perforatorium, (F.) Perce-
crane.   An  instrument for opening the  head of
the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to  dimi-
nish its size.  The operation  is called Cephalo-
tom'ia, Perfora'tio cra'nii.
   PERFORATORIUM, Perforator.
   PERFORA'TUS.    That  which is  pierced.
Anatomists  have  given  this  name to  muscles
whose  fibres or tendons  separate  to suffer other
parts to pass through them.  Such  are the Flexor
brevia  digitorum  pedia, F.  sublimis perforatus,
and  Coraco-brachialis.  Also, to  parts  that are
perforated for any purpose — as  the substan'tia
perfora'ta of the brain.
   Perforatus Casserii, Coraco-brachialis.
   PERFRICTIO,  P erfrige'rium,  Catapsyx'is,
Peripsyx'is, from perfrigere, (per, and frigere,)
' to shiver with cold.'  Considerable refrigeration.
Great sense  of cold: — shivering.
   PERFRIGERATIO, see Rigor.
   PERFRIGERIUM,  Perfrictio.
   PERFUSIO, Fomentation — p.  Frigida,  see
Affusion.
   PERI, irepi, 'about, on all sides, round about.'
An augmentative prefix.   Hence :
   PERLERE'SIS, from irepi,  ' about,' and atpcia,
' I take away.' A sort of circular incision, which
the ancients made in the neighbourhood of large
abscesses.   The periaeresis is now  only practised
in some cases of tumours.
  PERIAL'GIA, from irepi,  'on  all sides,' and
aXyos, ' pain.'  A very violent pain.
   PERIAMMA, Amuletum.
   PERIAPTON,  Amuletum.
   PERIBLEMA, Catablema.
  PERIBLEP'SIS,  from  irepi, 'around,'  and
fiXetaa, ' I look.'  The wild look that accompanies
delirium. — Foesius.
  PERIB'OLE,  from  irepifiaXXta,  'I surround.'
The  dress of a person.  The pericardium.  Also,
the translation of morbific matters towards the
surface of the body.
   PERIBRO'SIS, Pcricra'sis, from treptftpiaaKia,
(irepi, and QpiaoKta, 'I eat,') 'I eat around.'  Ulce-
ration or erosion at the corners of the eyelids.
   PERICARDIAC, Pericardial, Pericardi'a-
cus ; same etymon as the next.  Relating to the
pericardium,—as 'pericardial murmur,' 'pericar-
dial  effusion,' 'pericardial arteries, veins,' &c., &c.
   PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac.
   PERICARDI'TIS, from ircpiKapitov, 'the peri-
cardium,' and itis,  denoting  inflammation; In-
)4             TEBICARDIUM

 flamma'tio  Pericar'dii,  Pleuritis pericardii,
 Carditis exter'na seu sero'aa  seu  nicmbrano'aa,
 Exocarditia, Inflainmdtion of the pericardium,
 (F.)  Piricardite, Inflammation tin  Perirari/e.
 This is, probably, the proper appellation lor most
 of those cases which have received the names of
 Carditis, Cardipericarditie, and Cardiopcricar-
 di'tis.  Along with signs of pyrexia,  the local
 symptoms resemble those of pneumonia.   Those
 which point out that the pericardium is  the sent
 of disease, are the following: — pain, referred to
 the region of the heart, or scrobiculus cordis, —
 sometimes  pungent, at others, dull and  heavy :
 palpitation, accompanied with  spasmodic twitch-
 ings  in the neighbourhood of the heart, shooting
 up to the left shoulder ; pulsation, and sometimes
 soreness of the carotids, with tinnitus aurium and
 vertigo; the breathing is by  catches; dyspnoea
 considerable; pulse jarring, jerking, peculiar; the
 tongue white, covered with a mucous coat, and the
 skin  often bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatism.
 The  phyaical aigna during the  first period  are as
 follows.  The  action of  the  heart is generally
 evident to the eye, and may be felt by the hand.
 There  is soreness to the touch over the intercos-
 tal spaces,  and over a small surface in  the epi-
 gastric region, when the pressure is directed up-
 wards  towards the  pericardium.   Percussion is
 usually natural, but at times  there  is  dulness.
 On   auscultation, the  cardiac movements are
 found  to be frequent,  abrupt, jerking,  and tu-
 multuous;  often irregular and  intermittent. The
 pulse presents corresponding characters.   When
 effusion of  lymph has occurred, percussion may
 be negative, or be but slightly  affected.  On aus-
 cultation,  in addition  to the  preceding signs,
 there may be one or more of the rubbing or fric-
 tion  bruita resembling the rustling  of parchment,
 or of a sawing or  rasping character.  In some
 cases, the  sound is like  the   creaking  of new
 leather.  This has  been  supposed  to be patho-
 gnomonic of effused lymph.  The most important
 point in the pathology of pericarditis is  its con-
 nexion with acute rheumatism; and it forms one
 of the most dangerous occurrences in the latter
 disease.  It may be acute or chronic : in either
 case, it is, of course, formidable.   The most act-
 ive depletion must be used; with large  doses of
 opium, counter-irritants, and all the  means re-
 quired in the most violent internal  inflamma-
 tions.
   Pericarditis  Exsudatoria Sanguinolenta,
 Haemopericardium.
   PERICAR'DIUM, Pericar'dion,  Perib'ole,
 Membra'na  Cor  circumplex'a,  Inrolu'crum seu
 Ar'cula seu Capaa seu Cap'aula seu Cam'era seu
 Indumen'turn seu Pannic'ulua seu Membra'na seu
 Theca  seu Saccua seu Sac'culua seu Scrotum seu
 Vagina seu Veai'ca seu Area  seu  Thal'amua re-
 gdlia seu Amphico'ma seu Burea Cordia,  Sue or
 Capaule of  the Heart, (F.) Piricarde; from irepi,
 ' around,' and  xapiia, ' the heart.'  The  pericar-
 dium is a membranous  sac, which  envelopes the
 heart, and the arterial and venous trunks that
 pass  from or into it. It is seated  in the separa-
 tion of the mediastinum, above the central apo-
 neurosis of the diaphragm, to  which it  strongly
 adheres.  Its shape  is triangular, like that of the
 heart;  to which it is fitted.  The pericardium is
 composed of two membranes:—the  one—external
 —fibrous ; the other—internal—serous.  The lat-
 ter, having  lined the inner surface of the  external
 layer, is reflected over the heart,  and covers it
 entirely:  without,  however,  having  the  heart
 within  it;  in  which arrangement it resembles
 other serous membranes.  The pericardium en-
 velops the heart;  retains it in  position, and faci-
 litates  its  movements by  means  of the  serous 
PERICARDIUM
655
PERIODEIA
fluid,  Liquor seu Aqua seu Humor  seu  Lympha
seu Uri'ua Pericardii, Hydrocar'dia, which it
contains in greater or less quantity.
  The arteriea of the pericardium are small, and
derived  from the superior phrenic,  anterior me-
diastinal and bronchial.   The tiet'iis accompany
them, and open into the brachio-cephalic.   No
nerves have  been traced to it.   The  lymphatics
enter  the lymphatic glands that surround  the
vena cava superior.
  PERICARPIUM. Epicarpium.
  PERICHOLIA, Polycholia.
  PERICHONDRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio perichod-
dru, from perichondrium, and itis, denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation of the perichondrium :
hence Perichoiidri'tia laryn'gea; — Inflammation
of the perichondrium covering the larynx.
  PERICHONDRIUM, from irepi, 'around,' and
Xovipos, ' a cartilage.'  A  membrane of a fibrous
nature, whieh covers cartilages that are non-arti-
cular, and bears considerable analogy to the peri-
osteum in organization and uses.
  PERIC1IRISIS,  Circumlitio, Liniment.
  PERICHHISTON,Circumlitio, Liniment.
  PERICLA'SIS, from irepi, ' about,' and  KXata,
'I break.'  A comminuted fracture, with denu-
dation of the bone. — Galen, Foesius.
  PERICLYMENUM, Lonicera periclymenum
—p. Vulgare, Lonicera periclymenum.
  PERICNE'MIA, from  irepi, 'about,' and Kvnpv,
'the leg.'  The parts surrounding  the tibia; —
the tibia itself.
  PERICRANIOSDE'MA,  from  pericranium,
and otinpa,  'a  swelling.'  CEdema of the head,
owing to fluid effused under the pericranium.
  PERICRA'NIUM, Pericrdnion,  Pericrdnia,
from irepi, 'around,'  and  xpavtbv,  'the cranium.'
The periosteum, which covers the cranium exter-
nally.
  PERICRASIS, Peribrosis.
  PERIDER'IA, from irtpi, 'around,' and <5rp?i,
' the neck.'  Twisting of the cord round the neck
of the child.
  PERIDES'MIC,   Peridee'micue ;  from  trept,
' around,'  and ieapos, ' a ligament.'  Some noso-
logists have given this name to  ischuria caused
by a ligature round the penis or by stricture of
the urethra.
  PERIDES'MIUM; from trept, 'around,' and
ieapos, 'ligament.'   The  delicate areolar tissue
covering a ligament.
  PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole.
  PERID'ROMUS, from  trcpi, 'about,' and ipopos,
' a course.'   The extreme circumference of the
hairs of the head. — Gorraeus.
  PERIESTICOS,  Salutary.
  PERIGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see Tongue.
  PERIG'RAPHE,  from trepiypatpta,  (trept,  and
yputpio, 'I write,')  'I circumscribe.'  The  apo-
neurotic intersections of the rectus abdominis are
so called.—Vesalius.
  PERILYMPH, Cotunnius, liquor of.
  PERIMYELITIS,  Meningitis, spinal.
  PERIMYSIUM, Faa'cia, from irepi, 'around,'
and pvs, ' a muscle.'   The areolar membrane or
eheath — vagina  musculo'ris — that surrounds a
muscle, or its fasciculi. The sheath of the whole
muscle is  termed Perimysium externum; of the
fasciculi, Perimysium internum.
  PER IN, Peris, from trepa,  'a sac  or pouch.'
With some, this means the scrotum; with others,
the testicle; with others, the vagina; with others,
the peritonieum ;  and with others, the anus.
  PERINEOCELE, Hernia, perineal.
  PERIN.E'UM,  Interfeniin'eum,  Interfajmin'-
eum, Intcrfcemid ium, Interfce'mina, Iter femin'-
eum, Peris, Perin, Perineum, Gresan'ra, Plechae,
Aui'jihiplex, Peche'deon, Meaoa'celon, Mcaoa'celua,
Perine'on, Perina'oa, Perine'oa, Tramia, Tauroa,
Interforamine'um, Cocho'ne, Plichoe, Meaome'rion,
Fwmcn, Re'gio Perina'i, (F.) Pirinie.  The space
at the  inferior region of the trunk, between the
ischiatic tuberosities, anus,  and genital organs.
It is smaller in the female than in the  male; has
a triangular shape, and is  divided into two equal
parts by a median line, called Raphe.   It  is oc-
casionally ruptured  in labour.  At  times,  it has
been made to extend posteriorly as far as  the os
coccygis.  The part between the pudendum and
anus is sometimes called ante'rior perina'um, to
distinguish it from that which extends from the
anus to the coccyx,  called poate'rior perina'um.
   PERINiEUS, Perineal.
   PERINE'AL,  Perina'us,  Perinaa'Us,  Peri-
nedlis.  That which  relates or belongs  to the
perinaeum; as Perineal artery, P. hernia, &c.
   Perineal Aponeurosis, P. Fascia.
   Perineal Artery, Arte'ria perinaa'lis,  Su-
perficial artery of the Perina'um.   A branch of
the internal pudic distributed to the perinaeum.
   Perineal  Cutaneous  Nerve,  see Sciatic
nerve,  lesser.
   Perineal Fas'cia, F. Perina'i, Perine'al apo-
neurosis.   The fasciae, — superficial  and  deep-
seated—Perine'al lig'ament— Camper's ligament,
Trian'gular lig'ament,—which belong to the peri-
naeum.
   Perine'al Fossa, Fossa perina'i, Ischio-rectai
fossa.   A conical fossa, the base of which  cor-
responds with the skin ; is formed anteriorly by
the transversus perinaei muscle; behind, by the
inferior border of the glutaeus maximus ;  inter-
nally, by the levator ani;  and externally, by the
tuber ischii.  It is filled up with fat and fibrous
striae.
   Perineal Ischuria, Ischu'ria Perinea'lis.  A
name given by Sauvages to retention of  urine,
caused by a tumour  seated in the perinaeum.
   Perineal Ligament, see P. fascia.
   Perineal Nerve.  A branch of the internal
pudic;  which is mainly distributed to the peri-
naeum and scrotum of the male; and to the vulva
and perinaeum of the female.
   Perineal Region, Perinaeum.
   PERINEE, Perinasum.
   PERINEPHRITIS,  (F.) Phlegmon  pirini-
phritique, from  trcpi,  'around,' vetppos, 'kidney,'
and  itis, denoting inflammation.   Lnflammation
of the external areolar and fibrous membranes of
the kidney, or of  their investing adipose areolar
tissue.
   PERINEPHRUS, see Kidney.
   PERINEU11ION. Neurilemma.
   PERINYC'TIDES, trcpi, and vvf,  'night.'  An
eruption appearing at night and disappearing by
day. — Erotian.
   PE'RIOD, Periodus, Periodei'a,  Periodeu'sis,
Sta'dium, Circditus, from  irepi, 'about,' and 'oios,
' way ;'  Circuit.  Periods are the different phases
or revolutions of a disease,—the epochs which are
distinguishable in the course of a disease.   Three
periods are commonly enumerated.  1. The aug-
mentation, increase,  or progress, (Incremen'tum ,-)
2.  The  acme or height, (F.) Etat (Status;) and,
3.  The decline (Decrementum.)  Some  authors
reckon only the invasion and termination.
  Period is sometimes used in describing an in-
termittent, for the time between the commence-
ment of a paroxysm and  that of the next, in-
eluding the fit as well as interval.
   Periods, Monthly, Menses.
   PERIODEIA, Period. 
PERIODEUSIS
656
PERISPIIALSIS
  PERIODEUSIS, Period.
  PERIODEUTES, Charlatan.
  PERIODIC"ITY,Per7Wic"i'ras,#/u/rftm;same
etymon.  The aptitude of certain physiological
and  pathological phenomena, in health or  dis-
ease, to recur  at particular periods, after longer
or shorter  intervals,  during which  they cease
completely.  Diseases, thus recurring, are called
Periodical or rhyth'mical — Typo'ses.
  PERIODOL'OGY,  Periodolog"ia;  from  ire-
pioios,  ' a course or circuit,' and  Xoyos, ' a  dis-
course.'  The  doctrine  of  periodicity  in health
and  disease.
  PERIODONTITIS, (F.) Piriodontite, Inflam-
mation  de  la  Membrane  alviolo-dentairc, from
irepi, 'about,' and oiovs, 'a tooth.   Inflammation
of the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth.
  Periodontitis Gingivarum, Ulitis.
  PERIOD'OSCOPE; from irepioios, 'a period,'
and  oKoircia,  ' I view.'  An instrument, proposed
by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the ready calculation of
the  periodical functions of the sex.   It consists
of a  movable circular dial, upon which the months
and  days are  engraved, fixed on a pivot in  the
centre of a large plate on which are  numbered
the different conditions of  the reproductive  sys-
tem, as  conception, abortion,  premature labour,
hemorrhage, labour, <fec.  By a knowledge of the
date of conception, say November 14th, and fixing
the movable plate opposite the point on the fixed
plate which indicates conception, the observer is
enabled, at  once, to see, that, allowing 280 days
for gestation, labour may be expected  about the
20th of August.   The dial is made of card-board,
and is affixed  to a small volume, in which its uses
and applications are explained.
  PERIODUS  MORBI,  Type —p.  Sanguinis,
Circulation.
  PERIODYN'IA, from  irepi, and o<5uvi?, 'pain.'
A violent and extensive pain.
  PERIONE, Decidua.
  PERIOR'BITA, Perios'teum or'bita, from trept,
'around,' and orbita, 'the orbit.' An appellation
used, by some, for the periosteum lining the orbit,
which is a continuation of the dura mater.  The
inflammation  of this periosteum is termed Peri-
orbi'tis or Periorbiti'tis, and Inflamma'tio perios'-
tei or'bita.
  PERIORBITA, see Periorbita.
  PERIORBITITIS, see Periorbita.
   PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis.
  PERIOS'TEUM, Perioa'teon, Perioateos,  Pe-
rioa'tium, Circumossa'le, Membra'na oaaia, Omen'-
tum oa'aium, Circumoaaa'lia Membra'na, from trept,
 'around,' and oareov, 'a bone.'  The  periosteum
is a fibrous, white, resisting medium  which sur-
rounds the  bones every where, except the teeth
at their  coronae, and the parts of other bones that
are  covered with cartilage.  The external surface
is united, in a more or less intimate  manner, to
 the  neighbouring parts by areolar tissue.   Its
inner surface covers the bone, whose depressions
 it accurately follows.  It is united to the bone by
 small, fibrous prolongations; and, especially, by
 a prodigious quantity of vessels, which penetrate
 their substance.  The periosteum unites the bones
 to  the  neighbouring parts.  It assists in  their
 growth, either by furnishing, at its inner surface,
 as M. Beclard demonstrated, an albuminous exu-
 dation, which becomes cartilaginous, and at length
 ossifies ; — or  by supporting the vessels, which
 penetrate  them to carry the materials of  their
 nutrition.   See Medullary membrane.
   Periosteum  Internum, Medullary  membrane
 — p. Orbitae,  Periorbita.
   PERIOSTI'TIS, Periostei'tis, Inflamma'tio
perioa'tei, from perioateirm and itia, denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation of the periosteum.
  PERIOSTO'SIS.  Tumour of the periosteum-
Tumours are so called which are developed on
bones,  and formed  by  their  outer  membrane.
These tumours are more rapidly developed, have
a less degree of consistence, and sooner disperse
than exostoses, which they resemble greatly.
  PERIPHERAL, see Peripheral aspect.
  Periph'eral, Periph'eric, Peripher'icitl; from
irepi, ' around,' and tpepta, ' I bear.'  Relating or
appertaining to the periphery or circumference.
  Peripheral Aspect.  An aspect towards the
circumference of an  organ.—Barclay..  Periph'-
erad is used by the  same writer adverbially to
signify ' towards the  peripheral aspect.'
  PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca-
pillary system.
  PERIPHIMOSIS, Paraphimosis.
  PERIPLEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia.
  PERIPLOCA INDICA, Hemidosmus Indious.
  PERIP'LYSIS, from  irepi, and irXvats, ' the act
of washing;' Profiu'vium.  A copious discharge
from any part, especially from the bowels.
  PERIPNEUMONIA, Peripleumo'nia, Pe-
ripneumoni'tis,  True  peripneu'mony,  from  trept,
' around,' and irvevptav, ' the lung.'  Inflammation
of the substance of the lungs. — See Pneumonia.
  Peripneumonia Bilio'sa.  Inflammation  of
the lungs, accompanied  with  bilious fever.
  Peripneumonia Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis or
pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part of the
chest.   Peripneumonia notha.
  Peripneumonia Notha, P. spu'ria, P. pitui-
to'sa, P. catarrha'lis, Pneumo'nia notha, Pseudo-
peripneumonia, Pseudo-pneumonia, Paeudo-pneu-
monitia, Bronchoc'ace, Blennotho'rax, Obstruc'tio
pulmo'num pituito'sa febri'lis, Bronchitis asthen'-
ica, False or  Bastard Peripneu'mony, (F.) Pi-
ripneumonie bdtarde  ou fauaae. An inexact name,
under which some affections are comprised  that
resemble   pneumonia;  and,  especially  chronic
bronchitis with pleurodynia. — See Bronchitis
 (chronic.)
   Peripneumonia Pituitosa, P. notha.
   PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia.
   PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia—p. Bastard,
 Peripneumonia notha.
   Peripneumony, Latent. Peripneumony whose
 symptoms are so obscure as to be recognised with
 difficulty.
   PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrictio.
   PERIPYE'MA, from trept, ' about,' and iruov,
 ' pus.'   Suppuration around an organ; — a tooth,
 for example.
   PERIRRH03'A, Perir'rhoe, from trcpi,  ' about,'
 and peta,  ' I flow.'  Afflux of fluids  from  every
 point of the body  towards an organ which has to
 remove them from the economy.  Also, enuresis.
   PERIS, Perin.
   PERISCELIS, Jarretie-re.
   PERISCYPHISMUS, Periscythismus.
   PERISCYTHIS'MUS,  Periacy'thieia, Pery'-
 acytia'mua,  Periacy'tiaia,  Periacy'phiaia,, Peria-
 cyphiamua, Scalping, from  trept,  ' around,' and
 tKvdris, 'a Scythian,' that is, 'scalping after the
 manner of the Scythians.' An operation described
 by Paulus of iEgina.  It consisted of an incision
 made  around the cranium, and was employed in
 habitual  weakness  of  the  eyes,  pains of  the
 head,  <fec.
   PERISPHAL'SIS, Circumduc'tio,  from irepi,
 ' about,' and atpaXXta,' I move.' A circular motion
 impressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of
 reducing it. 
PERISSODACTYLUS
657
PERMIXTIO
  PERISSODACTYLUS, Polvclactylus.
  PERISTALTIC, Systaltic —p. Action, Peris-
tole.
  PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum-
flexus musculus — p. Inferior, Circumflexus mus-
culus — p. Internus, Levator palati.
  PERISTERA ANCEPS, Pelargonium anceps.
  PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis.
  PERISTER'NA, from irrpi, 'about,' and arep-
vov, ' the sternum.'  The lateral parts of the chest.
  PERISTOLE,  Motus Perietal''ticua,  M. com-
preaao'riua seu vermiculdris seu teatudin'eua, from
npi, ' around,' and otcXXgj, ' I contract,'  ' I close.'
The peristaltic action  of  the intestines, Motus
peristal'ticua. It consists of a kind of undulation
or vermicular movement, in appearance irregular,
but in which the circular fibres  of  the  muscular
inembrane of the intestine contract successively,
from  above  downwards,  in  proportion as  the
chyme advances in the alimentary canal; so that,
being  compressed  above, it is  pushed into  the
next portion of the intestine, whose fibres are in
a state  of relaxation.  When the fibres  contract
inversely, they occasion an antiperistaltic action.
The peristaltic action is involuntary, and is  not
under the immediate influence of either  brain or
spinal marrow.  It continues for some time after
death.
  PERISTOMA, Peristroma.
  PERISTOMIUM, Mouth.
  PERISTRO'MA, Peris'toma, Mus'rua villo'aua,
Crusta  membrana'cea, Crusta  vermiculdris, from
irtpi, 'around,' and orptawvpi, 'to spread.'  The
villous or mucous coat of the intestines.—Castelli.
  PERISYSTOLE,  from  irtpi,  'about,' and
avaroXn, 'contraction.'  The interval that exists
between the systole and  diastole of the heart,
which is  only perceptible  in the dying. — Bar-
tholine.
  PERITERION,  Tripan perforatif.
  PERITESTIS, Albuginea.
  PERITOINE, Peritonaeum.
  PERITOME, Circumcision.
  PERITON^ERIX'IS,  Peritonaorex'is,  from
reptrovaiov,  ' the peritonaeum,'  and  pnyvvto,  ' I
break.'  Hernia formed by  the rupture of  the
peritonaeum.
  PERITONEUM,  Peritonc'um,  Peritona'on,
I'eritonei'on, Peritona'oa, Peritonion, Peritoneoa,
 I i lanieiitum abdomina'le, Tu'nica praten'aa seu
Operimeiititm pratenaum seu Membra'na abdom'-
inie,  Siphar, Syphar, Zepach, Ziphac, (F.) Pe-
ritoine, from trcpi, ' around,' and reivia, ' I stretch.'
A serous  membrane, which lines the abdominal
I'ttvity; extends over the greater part of the or-
gans  contained there; envelops them wholly or
in part, and  maintains their respective  relations
by  means of different prolongations and liga-
mentous folds :—the mesentery, epiploon, mesoco-
lon,  &c.  Like  all the serous  membranes,  the
peritoneum  is a sort  of  sac without  aperture,
which covers the abdominal organs, without con-
taining them within it, and the internal surface
ol' which is  smooth, and  lubricated by a serous
fluid.   In  the male fcetus, the peritonaDum fur-
nishes  a  prolongation, which accompanies  the
t-.'stiele at the time of its  descent, and, in  the
female  foetus, forms the Canal of A'uck.  Below
tie neck of the gall-bladder, the peritonaeum  has
a  triangular opening,  called  the  Foramen  or
jliatus  of Winslow, through  which it  proceeds
behind  the stomach, to form a sort of secondary
cavity,  called the posterior cavity of the perito-
naum, (F.) Arriire caviti piritoniale ou Cavite
dea Epiploons.
  Periton.elm  Duplicatum, Epiploon, gastro-
colic.
       42
  PERITONITE,  Peritonitis —p. Puerpirale,
see Peritonitis.
  PERITONFTIS, Emprea'ma  Peritonitie, Pe-
ritonaitie, Cauma Peritonitie, Inflamma'tio Pe-
ritona'i,  Phleg'mone peritona'i,  Phlegma'eia or
Inflammation of  the Peritona'um,  from perito-
neum,  and itia, denoting 'inflammation.'   (F.)-
Peritonite, Inflammation du Peritoine.  The cha-
racteristic  signs  of  acute inflammation of the
peritonasum are, — violent pain in the abdomen,
increased by  the  slightest pressure, often by the
simple weight of  the bed-clothes.   It generally
occurs in the  parturient state; and begins on the
second or third day after delivery.  At times, a
malignant epidemic,  and perhaps contagious, va-
riety  has made its  appearance,  and destroyed
numbers  of females.   This  has  been described
under the name Pucr'peral Fever, Metroperitoni-
tis, Ene'cia Syn'ochua  Puerpera'rum,  (F.)  Piri-
tonite  puerperale,  Mi'tropiritonite puerpirale,
Fievre puerperale, Typhua puerperal, Erythemat' -
ic or Nonplus'tic Puerperal Peritonitis, Typho-
ha'mic Peritonitis,  Adynam'ic  or  Malig'nant
Puer'pjeral Ferer, Low Ferer of Childbed.  It is,
according to some, a malignant inflammation of
the peritoneum and uterus ;  according to others,
a Uterine Phlebitis.   In  any form  it  requires
active  treatment, early  enfployed.   The ap-
pearances on  dissection are such  as  occur when-
ever a serou's  membrane has been  inflamed, and
such inflammation has produced death :—effusion
of fluid with  flakes  of coagulable lymph in it;
appearances of vascularity, <fec, in the membrane.
The treatment — in active peritonitis — must con-
sist of the same  course as recommended under
Enteritis.  In the chronic kind,  symptoms  must
be  combated  as they  arise, and it may be ad-
visable to excite a new action in the  system by
means of mercury.   In the epidemic and malig-
nant variety,  unless bleeding be freely employed
at the very outset, it does harm.   If used early,
it  is  of  decided  advantage.  Every thing de-
pends upon arresting the morbid process at the
outset.
  Peritonitis, Erythematic, see Peritonitis —
p. Nonplastic, see Peritonitis — p. Puerperal, see
Peritonitis — p. Typhoha>mic, see Peritonitis.
  PERITTOMA, Excrement.
  PERITYPHLITIS; from' trept, 'around,'and
typhlitis,  inflammation of the cascum.   Inflam-
mation of the areolar substance  surrounding the
caecum.  See Typhlo-enteritis.
  PERIWINKLE, LESSER, Vinca minor.
  PERIZO'MA, from irepi^iavvvpi, (irepi, and $tav-
wpt, 'to  gird,') 'to gird around.'  A bandage; a
girdle.  In Fabricius Hildanus, a truss.   Herpes
zoster.  The  diaphragm.
  PER'KINISM.  A  therapeutical means, first
employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich,
Connecticut, towards the termination  of the last
century,  and  named after him.  It consisted in
drawing over affected or other parts the  pointed
extremities of two metallic rods, called Metallic
Tractors,  each  made of a different metal.   The
success obtained, was  through  the influence of
the imagination; and, consequently, as a reme-
dial agent, it ranks as high as animal magnetism,
but no higher.  The operation was, also, called
Tractora'tion.
  PER'KINIST.  A believer in  and practiser of
Perkinism.
  PERKINTS'TIC.   Relating  or belonging to
Perkinism.
  PERLA, Pearl, Paralampsis.
  PERLE, Pearl.
  PER MIS TIO, Coition.
  PERMIXTIO, Coition. 
PERSPIRATION
PERMOTIO
  PERMOTIO, Motion.
  PER XI CIEIX, Deleterious.
  PERN1CIOSUS, Deleterious.
  PERNIO, Chilblain.
  PERNOCTATIO, Insomnia.
  PEROCEPH'ALUS,  from  irnpos,  'deficient,'
and KctpaXr/, ' head.'   A monster with a defective
head.
  PEROCOR'MUS, Oligoepoddylue, from tripos,
' defective,' and aoppos, ' trunk.'   A malformation
in which the trunk is defective, and too short,
from the absence of one or more vertebras,— the
head and limbs being normal.
  PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans.
  PERODYNIA, see Cardialgia.
  PEROMEL'IA, from  irnpos,  'wanting,'  and
pcXos,  ' a limb.'  Congenital misconstruction, or
mutilation of the limbs.   A genus in the noso-
logy of Good.
  PEROM'ELUS.  A  monster possessed of the
deformity mentioned above.
  PERONE, Fibula—p. Col du, Collum fibulae.
  PERONE'AL, Perona'ue, Fibuldrie, Fib'ular,
from ircpovi],  ' the fibula.'   Belonging or relating
to the fibula.
  Peroneal ArtBUy, Fib'ular  A.,  arises  from
the popliteal, and is situate deeply  in  the  pos-
terior and outer  part  of  the leg.  It  gives off
branches of little importance.   Near the outer
ankle,  it divides into two branches.   1. The  poa-
terior peroneal, which descends behind the lower
joint of the fibula, on the outer surface of the
calcaneum.  2.  The  anterior  peroneal, which
crosses the inferior extremity of  the interosseous
ligament, to be distributed on the dorsal surface
of the  foot.
  Peroneal Muscles are three in number. 1.
Peronaua Brevis, P. Secundua,  P. anticus, P.
Me'diua, Semi-fibula'us, (F.) Grand-pironio-eua-
mStataraien,  Court pironio-latiral, Moyen Piro-
nier.  A muscle,  situate beneath the peronaeus
longus.  It  is  attached above, to the outer sur-
face of the  fibula, and terminates, below, at the
posterior extremity of  the 5th  metatarsal bone,
after having been reflected beneath the malleolus
externus.  It extends  the foot upon the leg, at
the same time raising a little the outer edge. It
may, also, act upon the leg, and extend  it upon
the foot.  2. Peronaua Longua, Peronaua primus
seu jioati'cua,  P' max'imua  seu poate'rior,  (F.)
Tibi-pironeo-taraien, Long pironier lateral, Pi-
ronio-sous-tarsien, (Ch.,) Muscle  grand pironier.
This muscle  is situate at the outer part of the leg.
It is long, thick, and triangular above; thin,  nar-
row, and flat below.   It is attached above to the
outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula,
and to  the upper third of the outer surface of that
bone.  Below, it terminates  at the outer part of
the posterior extremity  of  the  first metatarsal
bone.   This muscle extends  the  foot on the leg,
turning its  point outward, and  raising  its  outer
edge.   It acts, also, upon the leg, which it ex-
tends on the foot.  3. Peronaua Tertius, Nonua
 Vcsiilii, (F.) Pironier antirieur, Petit pironio-
sus-metatarsien (Ch.,) Petit Pironier.  A muscle,
situate at the anterior,  outer, and inferior part of
the leg.  It is long and flat,  and is  attached,
above,  to the inferior third  of the anterior mar-
gin and inner surface of the fibula; terminating,
below,  at the posterior extremity of the 5th me-
tatarsal bone.  This muscle bends the foot on the
leg, by raising its outer edge.  It can, also, bend
the leg on the foot.
   Peroneal Nerve, see Popliteal nerves.
   Peroneal Vein  follows  the  same  course as
the artery.
  PERONE DACTYLIUS,  Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans.
  PERONEO-LATillAL  COURT, Perona>us
brevis—p. Phalanginien du gros  orteil,  Flexor
longus pollicis pedis —p.  Sous-phalangettieu dn
pouce, Flexor longus pollicis pedis—jy. Sous-
tarsien,  Peronaeus longus—p. Sua-inittitarxien,
Peronaeus  tertius—p.  Sue-metatareien,  grand,
Peronaeus brevis—p. Sus-jihalangettien du pouce,
Extensor  proprius pollicis pedis—p.  Tibi sus-
phalangcttien commun, Extensor communis digi-
torum pedis—p. Sus-phalangien du pouce, Ex-
tensor proprius pollicis pedis.
  PERONE UM, Fibula.
  PERONIER,  GRAND,  Peronaeus  longus —
p. Latiral, long, Peronaeus longus—p.  Moyen,
Peronaeus brevis—p. Petit,  Peronaeus tertius.
  PERONODACTYLLiElJS, Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans.
  PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor longus  digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans.
  PEROSO'MUS, from irnpts, 'mutilated,' and
atapa, ' body.'  A monster, whose whole body is
imperfectly developed. — Gurlt.
  PEROSPLANCH'NICA,  from  impos,  'want-
ing,' and airXayxvov,  'a viscus.'  Congenital mis-
construction of the viscera.  A genus in  the no-
sology of  Good.
  PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS, Suspensory
ligament of the liver.
  PERPERACUTUS.  'Extremely acute.'  An
epithet applied to very violent and rapid diseases.
  PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication.
  PERPLICATION,  Perplica'tio;  from per,
'through,' and plico, ' I fold.'  A  method of tying
arteries, which consists  in making a small inci-
sion in  the side of the  artery, near its bleeding
orifice, introducing a small pair of forceps, seizing
the open  extremity, and  drawing it backward,
through  the  aperture made in  the side of the
vessel, so  as to form  a kind of knot.
  PERROSIN, see Pinus abies.
  PERSEA CAMFORA, See Camphor—p. Cas-
sia, Laurus cassia—p. Cinnamomum, Laurus cin-
namomum — p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba.
  Per'sea Gatis'sima, Palta tree.  A  slender,
very high tree of Peru, with  a  small  dome-like
top, which grows on the eastern declivity of the
Andes, and rises, at times, to the height of more
than  60 feet.  Its fruit, —(S.) Palta—which is
pear-shaped,  is  generally much liked.  It dis-
solves, like butter, on the  tongue, and hence is
called, in some  of the French  colonies, beurre
vegitate.
  Persea Pichurim,  see  Pichurim beans — p.
Sassafras, Laurus sassafras.
  PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion.
  PERSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persica.
  PERSIC AIRE DOUCE, Persicaria.
  PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria—p. Mi-
nor, Polygonum  Persicaria—p. Mitis, Polygonum
Persicaria — p. Urens, Polygonum hydropiper —
p. Wandspiked,  Polygonum Virginianum.
  PERSIL, Apium petroselinum — p. d'Ane,
Chaerophyllum sylvestre—p. Faux, iEthusa cy-
napium — p. de Macidoinc,  Bubon Macedonicum
— p.  de Montague, Athamanta aureoselinum.
  PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana.
  PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa.
  PERSOLLATA, Arctium lappa.
  PERSOLUTA,  Arctium lappa.
  PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles.
  PERSPIRABILE SANCTORIANUM, Per-
spiration.
  PERSPIRATION, Perspirdtio, Transpird-
tio, Difflti'tio, Diap'noe, Diapnce'a,  Diapneu'sis,
Perspirab'tle Sanctoria'num, from per, 'through,' 
PERSUDATIO
6,-79
PESTILENTIAL
and spirare, 'to breathe, exhale.'  The inaenaible
transpiration or exhalation continually going on
at the surface of the skin and membranes.   Sen-
sible perspiration is called eweat.  The perspira-
tory fluid is secreted by an appropriate glandular
apparatus,  termed  by  Breschet diapnog"euoue,
or sudoriji''aroua glamla, Gland'nice eudorip'ara,
Or'gana sudorij/ara, sweat glands, consisting of
a secreting parenchyma, situate beneath the true
skin,  and of spiral ducts, which open obliquely
under the  scales of  the epidermis.  A certain
portion of the perspired fluid  is  thrown off by
ordinary physical evaporation.
   The Pulmonary exhalation or tranapiration is
that which takes place  into the bronchia, and is
sent out with the expired air.
   PERSUDATIO,  Diapedesis.
   PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis.
   PERTE,  Metrorrhagia — p. d'Appetit, Ano-
rexia—p. de la Mimoire, Amnesia—p. de I'Odo-
rat, Anosmia—p. de  Sang, Haemorrhagia—p. de
la  Voix, Aphonia—p. de la  Vue,  Cascitas.
   PERTEREBRANT, Perter'cbrane; from per,
'through,' and tcrebrare, 'to bore.'  The French
give this epithet to an acute  pain — Douleur per-
tiribrante—which occasions  a sensation like that
which would  be produced by an  instrument pe-
netrating and lacerating a part; — the pain from
whitlow,' for example.
   PERTES  BLANCHES,  Leucorrhoea —p. de
Sung, Metrorrhagia— p. Siminalee, Spermator-
rhea— p.  Utirinea,  Metrorrhagia—p.  Utirinea
rougea, Metrorrhagia—p. Utirinea blanchea, Leu-
corrhoea.
   PERTICA PER SE, Penis.
   PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of
the mind.
   PERTURBA'TRIX,  (Meclici'na) .Per'turba-
ting  Treatment, (F.) Mithode  ou Medecine per-
turbatrice.  A mode of treatment in which very
active means are employed, and such as impress
upon diseases a different course from that natural
to them.  It is the  antithesis to the Medicina ex-
pectana.  Much evil has resulted from such treat-
ment, especially in febrile diseases.
   PERTUS'SIS, from  per, a prefix denoting ex-
cess, and  tusaia, ' a  cough.'   Tuasia ferina, T.
convulei'va, T. pu'eroa atrang'ulana, T. quinta, T.
Ktoinacha'Ua,  T. an'hela clamo'sa,  T. stran'gulana,
 T. delaa'aana, T. euf'focane,  T.  amphemer'ina, T.
tuaaiculo'aa,  T. epaemot/'ica,  T. aainina, T. cani'-
na, Bronchi 'tis convulei'va, Bronchocephalitie,
Pneuaia pertua'aia,  Amjihemer'ina, Orthopnce'a
tuaaiculo'~aa,  clango'aa, euffocati'va,   clamo'sa,
spasmod'ica, Morbus Cucul'lua, Morbus cuculla'-
ris, Cuculus,  Bcchorthopnce'a,  Bex convulei'va,
Bex  therio'dee, Hooping-cough,  Whooping-cough,
 Chin-cough,  Kin-cough,  Kind-cough, (Germ.
Kind,  'a child,') (F.) Coqucluche, Catarrhe on
Bronchite  convulsive, Toux  convulsive, T.  quin-
teuse, T.  bleue, Maladie  cuculaire.  A  violent
convulsive cough, returning  by fits, (F.) Quintes,
at longer or shorter intervals;  and consisting of
several  expirations,  followed by  a sonorous  in-
spiration or whoop.  The fits of coughing gene-
rally recur  more frequently during the  night,
morning, and evening, than in  the day.  It is
esteemed to be  contagious, and attacks the young
more particularly.   It  is rare  for it to affect an
individual for the second time.  The duration is
various,—six or eight weeks or more.   Although
the paroxysms are very violent, it is not a dan-
gerous  disease.  It  may,  however, give rise to
other affections, as convulsions, pneumonia, <fcc,
when the  complication  is very dangerous, as the
cause cannot be removed.   Those children suffer
the least, who evacuate the  contents of the sto-
mach during the fit.  In the treatment, all that
can be done is to palliate.   It must be borne in
mind, that the disease will, in time, wear itself
out. If there be much tensive pain of the head, or
fever, bleeding may be required, but it  is seldom
necessary.   Narcotics occasionally  afford relief,
but it is temporary.  Gentle emetics, given occa-
sionally, when the paroxysms are long and dry,
"ive decided relief, and aid in  the  expectoration
of the morbid secretions.   After the disease has
continued for  some weeks, and persists  in  part
from  habit,  change of air is essential, and this,
even  should the  change  be to an  atmosphere
that is less pure.
  PERU, see Lima.
  PERUNCTIO,  Inunction.
  PER VENCHE, Vinca minor.
  PERVER'SION, Perver'sio, from per and ver-
tere, 'to turn.' Dias'trophe, Diaetrem'ma.  One
of the four modifications of function in disease:
the three others being augmentation, diminution,
and abolition.  The humourists used  this term
also to designate disorder or morbid change in
the fluids.
  PERVERSION  DE LA  TETE  DES OS
ET DES MUSCLES, Loxarthrus.
  PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia,  Coma vigil.
  PES, irovs, Ichnue, (F.) Pied, 'the foot.'  The
inferior extremity  of the abdominal member,
representing a bony arch, an elastic vault, which
transmits the  weight of the body to the  ground.
It is divided into three parts;—the taraue, meta-
tareua, and  toea.
   Pes Alexandrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum—p.
Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus Henricus, Facial
nerve—p. Cati, Antennaria Dioiea—p. Equinus,
see Kyllosis — p. Hippocampi  major, Cornu am-
monis—p. Hippocampi minor, Hippocampus mi-
nor—p. Hippopotami major, Cornu ammonis—p.
Hippopotami minor, Cornu ammonis—p. Leonis,
Alchemilla.
   PESANTEUR, Weight—p. Spcciflque, Gra-
vity,  specific.
   PESE-ACIDE, Acidometer—p. Liqueur, Are-
ometer—p.  Sirop, Saccharometer.
   PES'SARY, Peaadrium, from ircooos, 'a small
stone.' Pessus, Pessum, Pes'sulus, Supposito'rium
uterinum, Glans,  Lemnie'cue. A solid instrument,
composed of cork, ivory, or elastic gum, which is
introduced into the vagina to support the uterus,
in cases of prolapsus or relaxation of that organ;
to  keep vaginal  hernia reduced,  &e.  The an-
cients made use  of medicated  pessaries, which
they  distinguished  into  emollient,  astringent,
aperient, Ac.   The form of pessaries is very va-
riable;— round, oval,  Ac., according to  circum-
stances.
   Pessary, Egyptian, ^Egyptius pessus.
   PESSULUS, Pessary, Penis.
   PESSUM,  Pessary.
   PESSUS, Pessary.
   PEST, Plague.
   PESTE, Plague.
   PESTICHLE, Petechia:.
   PESTICLE, Petechia.
   PESTILENCE, Peetiten'tia, Peetil'itas,  from
pestia, 'a pest.'   A malignant spreading  disease;
—applied especially to plague.
   Pestilence, Choleric, Cholera  spasmodica—
p.  Glandular, Plague — p. Haemagastric, Fever.
yellow—p.  Septic. Plague.
   PESTILENT-WORT, Tussilago petasites
   PESTILENTIA, Plague —p. Hicmagastrica,
Fever, yellow.
   PESTILENTTAL, Peatilentidlia, Peatilentid-
rius. Peatilentio'ana, Peatilen'tua, from pestis, 'a
pest.'  Relating to the plague.   Pestilential die-
eaeea are those that bear some resemblance to the 
PESTILITAS               66
plague, in respect to mode of propagation, symp-
toms, clanger, &c.
  PESTILITAS, Plague.
  PESTIS, Plague—p. Acutissima,  Plague — p.
Adeno-septica,' Plague — p. Americana,  Fever,
yellow—p. Bellica, Typhus—p. Britannica, Sudor
Anglicus — p.  Bubonaria orientalis, Plague — p.
Contagiosa, Plague — p.  Glandulosa, Plague — p.
Glossanthrux,   Glossanthrax — p.  Inguinaria,
Plague—p. Intertropica, Fever, yellow—p. Occi-
dentalis,  Fever, yellow — p. Orientalis, Plague—
p. Septica, Plague—p. Variolosa, Variola.
  PESTLE, Pilum—p. Spring, see Pilum.
  PET,  Fart.
  PETALE, Phtheiriasis.
  PETASITES, Tussilago petasites—p. Hybri-
da, Tussilago  petasites—p. Officinalis, Tussilago
petasites—p. Vulgaris, Tussilago petasites.
  PETAURUM.  A seat suspended by ropes, in
which a person taking the exercise sat, and was
tossed about by assistants.—Juvenal and Martial.
  PETE'CHLE, Petic'ula, Peaticliia, Peatic"ia,
Pimctic'nla, Pur'pura malig'na, Por'phyra Gra-
co'rum.   Small spots, similar in shape and colour
to flea-bites, which occur spontaneously upon the
skin, in the  course of severe fevers, <fcc*.   They
are,  under such  circumstances, signs  of  great
prostration.
  Petechi.e sine Febre, Purpura simplex.
  PETECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex.
  PETECHIANOSIS, Purpura hajmorrhagica.
  PET'ELA TRIFOLIATA,  Shrubby Trefoil,
Swamp dogwood, Stinking  Pra'irie Bueh, Stink-
ing ash,  Wing-seed.   A  tall indigenous shrub—
family, Xanthoxylaiceaj—which flowers in June.
It has been used as a tonio and antiperiodic.
  PETER'S PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Cambogiae
— p. Worm lozenges, see Worm lozenges, Sher-
man's.
  PETICUL2E, Petechias.
  PETIGO, Impetigo.
  PETINA, Sole.
  PETIOLUS, Pediolua, diminutive of pea, ' a
foot.  A  footstalk or leafstalk of a plant.  A
petiole.
  Petiolus Epiglottidis.  The root of the epi-
glottis.
  Petiolus Mallei, Manubrium mallei.
  PETIT COURIER.Innuenza—p. Lait, Serum
lactis—p. Lait  dHoffmann,  Serum  lactis  Hoff-
manni—p. Mal,  see  Epilepsy—p. Sua-maxillo-
labial, Levator anguli oris.
  PETITE POSTE, Influenza.
  PETRiELEUM, Petroleum.
  PETRiEUM, Solidago virgaurea.
  PETRAPIUM, Bubon Macedonicum.
  PET RE OLE,  Petroleum.    ,
  PETREUN, (OS,) see Temporal bone.
  PETRO DEL PORCO,  Bezoar of the Indian
porcupine.
  PET ROLE, Petroleum.
  PETRO'LEUM, Petrola'um, Petraleum, Petra
oleum, Ritu'mcn Petroleum, Piaaela'um In'dicum,
Rock Oil, Petroleum Barbaden'ae, Barbadoea Tar,
(F.) Pitrole ou Pitriole, from  trerpos, 'rock,' and
eXaiov, ' oil.'   A bituminous  substance of a fetid
odour, and bitter, acrid taste.   It is semi-liquid,
tenacious, semi-transparent; of a reddish-brown
colour ;  insoluble in water and alcohol; combines
with fixed and essential  oils and sulphur; and is
partially soluble in ether.  The petroleum found
at Gabian, near  Beziers,  in France,  has been
called Oleum  Gabidnum, (F.)  Huile de Gabian,
Petroleum rubrum.
  PETRO-OCCIPTTAL, Petro-occipitalie.   Be-
longing to the petrous  portion of the  temporal
bone and to the occipital bone.
iO              PEUCEDANUM

   Petro-Occipital  Suture is formed by tho
junction of the petrous portion of the temporal to
the  occipital bone.  It is a deep groove separa-
ting the bones, which have  between them a thin
layer of cartilage.
   PETRO-SALPIN'GO-PIIARYNGEUS.   A
fleshy fasciculus, which extends from  the  sphe-
noid bone, from the petrous portion of the  tem-
poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to tho
upper part of the pharynx.  See Constrictor.
   PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLLNUS,  Cir-
cumflexus—p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa-
lati—p.  Staphylin, Levator palati.
   PETRO-SPHENOID'AL, Petro-ephenoiddlie.
Belonging to the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and to the sphenoid bose.
   Petro-Sphenoidal  Suture; — a name given
to the small suture which is formed by the ante-
rior edge of the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and the posterior edge of  the sphenoid.
   Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum.
   Petroleum  Sulphura'tum,  Baieamum Sul-
phuria Barbaden'ae,—(Composed of petrol.  Bar-
bad. £x\j,flor.  Sulph. ^iv) has been used as a
pectoral; and as a detergent to ulcers.  It has
been  accounted antispasmodic  and  sudorific.
Dose,  gtt. x to xxx.   Externally, it is used as a
stimulant and discutient.
   PETROSAL, Petrous.
   PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum — p.
Macedonicum, Bubon Macedonicum.
   PETROSUM, OS, see Temporal.
   PETROUS,  Petro'aua, Petro'aal, from irerpos,
' a stone.'  Resembling stone;  having the hard-
ness of stone.
   Petrous Gan'glion, Petro'aal Ganglion,  Gan-
glion of Anderach, is formed by the glossopha-
ryngeal nerve, shortly after it emerges from the
jugular fossa.  From this ganglion, M. Jacobson
of  Copenhagen traced an anastomosing  loop
through the cavity of the  tympanum, which left
branches there, and was thence reflected down-
wards  to join the Vidian nerve.— See  Otic  Gan-
glion.   This has been called the A'erve of Jacob-
aon,  Tympan'ic branch of the gloaao-pharyngeal,
and  the inosculation, Jacobeon'e Aniiatomo'aie.
   Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal  Bone, see
Temporal Bone—p. Process, see Temporal Bone.
   Petrous Si'nuses, Petro'aal Sinuaea, are two
venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with
the  petrous portion  of the temporal  bone,  and
distinguished on each side, into : — 1.  The eupe-
rior petroaal ainue. . It arises from the cavernous
sinus ; follows the upper edge of the petrous por-
tion which affords it a gutter; passes into the
great  circumference  of the tentorium cerebelli,
and opens into the lateral sinus where the latter
experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe-
trosa.   Its form is triangular.   2.  The inferior
petroaal sinus arises  from  the cavernous sinns at
the same point as the last, with which it commu-
nicates at the moment of its origin.  It descends
between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and
the basilary process; and terminates in the late-
ral sinus, at the sinus or gulf of the internal  ju-
gular  vein.   It  is  triangular, and broader at its
extremities than at the middle.
   PETUM, Nicotiana tabacum.
   PEUCE, Pinus sylvestris.
   PEUCEA  BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies.
   PEUCEDANUM, P.officindle,P.alaat'icum seu
altie'aimum "seu panicula'tum seu  tenia'tum,  Se-
li'num peuced'anum, Mar'athrum aylvea'tre, Mara-
throphyl'lum, Pinaatel'lum, Fcenic'ulnm porci mini,
Bonua Ge'niua, Hog'a  Fennel,  Sulphurwort, (¥.)
 Queue de Pourceau, Fenouil de Pore.  Family,
Umbelliferae.   Sex.  Syat.  Pentandria  Digynia.
The root has a strong, fetid smell—somewhat rt- 
PEUPLIER
661
PHALANX
Bembling that of sulphureous solutions—and  an
acrid, unctuous, bitterish taste.  It has been re-
commended as antihysteric and nervine.
  Peuceuvnum Alsaticum, Peueedanum—p. Al-
tissitnum, Peueedanum—p.Officinale,Peucedanum
—p. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoselinum — p.
Paniculatum, Peueedanum—p.Pratense, P. silaus.
  Peicedanum Silaus, P. praten'ae, Sea'e/i pra-
ten'ae, Sium aiiaiia, Ligua'ticum ail'aua, Cnid'ium
ail'tt'iiu,  Saxifraga vulga'rie, S. An'glica,  Hippo-
mar'athrum, Fcenic'ulum er'raticum, English or
Meadow Sax'ifrage, (F.) Siaili des pris. The
roots, leaves, and seeds have been recommended
as aperients, diuretics, and carminatives.  Rarely
used.
  Peucedanum Ternatum, Peueedanum.
  PEUPLIER NOIR, Populus.
   PEXIS, Concretion.
  PEY'ERI GLAN'DULA,G. Peyeridna, Pey'-
eri Plexus glandulo'si, Gland'ula muco'sa coatj-
mina'ta seu agmindta  seu mucip'ara racema'tim
conges'ta intestino'rum, G. infest incites seu plexi-
for'mes seu spu'ria, Corpus'cula glanduldmm
siinil'ia seu Gland'ula in agmen congrega'ta  in-
testino'rum, Enterade'nes, Peyer's Glands, Ag'mi-
nated or aggregate glands.  Small glands or fol-
licles, situate beneath the villous coat of the  in-
testines.  They are clustered  together, having a
honey-comb appearance—Plaques gaufries—axid
are extremely numerous.   They occur most nu-
merously in the lower portion of the ileum. Their
structure and functions are not well known.
  PEZA, ne^a, Doric and Arcadian for 770115, 'a
foot.' The foot: according to some, the sole of the
foot;  and to others, the astragalus.  The ankle.
  PEZI'ZA seu PEZE'ZA AURICULA, Tre-
mell'a  auric'ula, Auricula Juda, Auricula'ria
sambu'ei seu sambu'eina, Exid'ia auric'ula Juda,
Meru'lius auric'ula, Fungus sambu'einus,  Agar'i-
cus Auric'ula formd, Jew's  Ear.  This fungus is
said to  be astringent; but has  chiefly been used
as a srarsrle  in relaxed sore  throat.
  PFEFFERS  or  PFAFFERS,  MINERAL
WATERS OF,  Therma Piperi'na,  Th. fabd-
ria.  These springs, which are in the Swiss Alps,
are simply  thermal: temperature 100° of Fah-
renheit.
  PHACE, Pha'cea, Phacus, tpaKv; a grain of
the  lentil,  Ervum  lens.   Also,  chloasma; the
crystalline lens;  and a flask  for the application
of heat, so called owing to  its flattened lens-like
  PHACELLUS, Fasciculus.
  PHACELUS, Fasciculus.
  PHACHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis.
  PIIACI, Ephelides.
  PHA'CICUS, Phaco'tus, Phaco'des; from tpaKn,
'lens.'  Lens-shaped, lenticular.
  PHACITIS, Phaco'idei'tis,  Lentitis,  Crystal-
li'tis, Glenitis,  from  tpaKos, 'a lens,'-and  ?'fi's, a
termination denoting inflammation.   Inflamma-
tion  of the crystalline lens.   Inflammation of the
capsule of the lens is termed Capsitis, Capsuli-
tis, and Crystal'lino-capsulitia.
  PHACO'DKS. Phacicus.
  PHACOHYMENITIS, Phakomeni'tis,  Phac-
"hymeni'tis. Inflamma'tio cap'aula lentie;  from
tpaxos, ' a lens,'  'vprjv, ' a membrane,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.   Inflammation of the  cap-
sule  of the crystalline.
  PITACOIDEITIS, Phacitis.
  PlIACOMALACIA, Cataract, soft.
  PIIAC'Ol'IS, Phaco'tus;  from o„k,i,  'lens,'
and Koms, 'a knife ;'  Scalpel'lum lenticiildre. A
lenticular-shaped knife.
  PHACOl'STS, from tpaKn, 'lens,' and oijas, 'vi-
sion.'   The state of one who has  chloasma or
freckles on the face.
  PHACOPTIS'ANA, Pha'cium;  from  cJaioi,
Mens,'  and nriaavn, 'drink.'  A drink of lentils.
A poultice of lentils.
  PHACOS, Ervum lens.
  PHACOSCOTOMA, Cataract.
  PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis.
  PHACUS, Phace.  •
  PHADARODES, Trachoma tuberculosum.
  PIIADAROSIS, Trachoma tuberculosum.
  PHvENIGMUS, Phenigmus.
  PIL-ENOMENOLOGIA, Semeiology.
  PHENOMENON, Phenomenon.
  PHAGiENA, Boulimia.
  PHAGEDENA, Boulimia, Phagedenic ulcer—
p. Sloughing of the mouth, Cancer aquaticus—p.
Gangraenosa, Hospital gangrene.
  PHAGEDENIC, Phagcda'nicus,  Depas'cens,
from tpayta, ' I eat.'
  Phagedenic Ulcer, Nome, Phageda'na, Ulcus
depae'eene  seu obam'bulane seu ferinum, is  ono
which  rapidly eats and corrodes the neighbouring
parts.
  Phageden'ic, in Materia Medica, is a substance
used for destroying fungous granulations in ul-
cers, <fec.
  PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis.
  PHALACRA, Calvities.
  PHALACROMA, Calvities.
  PHALACROSIS, Calvities.
  PHALACROTIS, Alopecia.
  PHALENA PINGUINALIS,  see Ectozoa.
  PHALAIA.  A barbarous term, employed by
Basil Valentine to designate  a universal medicine
or panacea.
  PHALAN'GAL,  Phalan'gian,  Phalangia'nua.
Having relation  to a phalanx.
  PHALANGARTHRITIS,  from  tpuXay^,  'a
phalanx,' apdpov,  'ajoint,' and itis, denotinr in-
flammation.  Gout in  the fingers.   Inflammation
of the joints of the fingers.
  PHALANGE, Pbalanx.
  PHALANGES DES DOIGTS, seePhalanx—
p. of the Fingers,  see Phalanx — p. des Orteils,
see Phalanx —p. of the Toes, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGKTTIEN.   Professor Chaussier
uses this term for any thing relating to the third
phalanx of the fingers or toes, — Phalangien, for
what  relates to the first, — and Phalanginien, to
the second.
  PHALANGTAN, Phalangal.
  PHALANGIEN, see Phalangettien.
  PHALANGINES,  see Phalanx.
  PHALAXGIXIEX, see Phalangettien.
  PHALANGIUM ESCULEN'TUM, Scilla es-
culenta.
  PHALANGO'SIS,  Hispid itas, from  0«Aayf,
' a  row of  soldiers.'   An affection of the eyelids
in which the lashes are arranged in two or three
rows.   See  Trichiasis.   Also,  dropping of the
upper  eyelid, from paralysis of the levator palpe-
bral superioris muscle.
   PHALANX, Phalan'ge, Phalango'ma.  Same
etymon. A name given to the small bones which
form  the fingers and toes, because placed along-
side each other like a phalanx. They are distin-
guished into the Phalanges of the  "fingers, Ossa
seu Ag'mina  seu A'cies seu Artic'uli seu Scutic'-
ula seu Scdtttla seu Nodi seu Interno'dia seu
Scytal'ides seu Con'dyli Ditjito'rum  Manila;  and
the Phalanges of the Toes, Ossa seu Artic'uli sen
Interno'dia Digito'rum  Pedis.  I. Phalanges of
the fingers, (F.) Phalanges des doigta.  They are,
in each hand, fourteen,—three to each finger, and
two to the thumb; and are situate one above the
other.   They are distinguished, numerically, reck- 
PHALARIS                662               PHARMACY
oninsr from the base towards the tip of the finger.
1.  The first or metacarpal, Procon'dyli, (F.) Pre-
mieres phalanges  ou  Phalanges mitacarpiennes.
2.  The second or middle  phalanges, (F.) Secondes
phalanges ou Phalanges moyennes, Phalangmee,
(Ch.) 3. The third phalanges, Metaemidyli, Pha-
lan'grs un'guiuiii,  (F.)  Troisiemes phalanges ou
Phalanges miguiales, unguiferes, unguinales, Pha-
langettes (Ch.), which terminate each finger, and
support the nail.  II. Phalanges of the  Toes, (F.)
Phalanges des  Orteils.   They  are the  same in
number as those of the fingers, but much smaller,
and of a very different shape.
  The phalanges  of  a finger or toe  are united
with each other;  and the first with the metacar-
pal or metatarsal bone.  They  are developed
from two points of ossification ; one for the supe-
rior  extremity, and the other  for the body and
inferior extremity.
  PIIAL'ARIS CANARIEN'SIS, P. otVra,CW'-
tirated Canary Grass, (F.) Alpiste. Family, Gra-
ininea3.  Sex.  Syst. Trianclria Digynia.   The seed
of this grass, Canary seed, (F.) Graines d'aspic,
afford a  nourishing meal.  The ancients recom-
mended  them for allaying pains in  the kidney
and  bladder.
  PHALLAL'GIA, Phallodyn'ia, from tpaXXos,
' the male organ,' and aAyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the
male organ.
  PHALLANCYLOSIS, Chordee.
  PHALLFTIS,   Priapitis, from tpaXXos,  'the
male organ,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the male organ.
   PHALLOCAMPSIS,  Chordee.
   PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from tpaXXos, _ 'the
male organ,'  and  KapKtvtapa, 'cancer.'  Carcinoma
or cancer of the penis.
   PHALLODYNTA, Phallalgia.
   PIIALLON'CUS, from tpaXXos,  'the male or-
gan,' and oyKos, 'swelling.'  Tumefaction  of the
male organ.
   PHALLOPSOPHTA,  from  tpaXXos,  'the male
organ,' and tpotpos, ' a noise.'  Discharge of wind
from the male urethra.
   PIIALLORRHAG'TA, from  tpaXXos,  'the male
 organ,' and pnyvvpt, ' I break out.' Hemorrhage
 from the male urethra.   Stimatosis.
   PHALL0RRHO3A, Gonorrhoea.
   PIIALLORRHOIS'CHESIS, from tpaXXos, 'the
 male organ,' pori, 'discharge,' and io%eiv, 'to with-
 hold.' Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoeal discharge.
   PHALLUS, Penis.
   PHANEROG'AMOUS, Phanerogam'ic, Phane-
 rogam'icus, from tpavcpos,  'evident,' and yapos,
 'marriage.'  An   epithet  used by botanists for
 plants whose sexual organs are apparent.   It is,
 consequently, the opposite to cryptogamous.
   PH A XT ASIA, Delirium, Imagination.
   PHANTASM,  Phantas'ma, Phanto'ma, Phas-
 ma, from tpavraCfa, ' I make appear.'  A phantom,
 false appearance, apparition. Hallucination. De-
 rangement of the sense of sight or of the intellec-
 tual faculties, causing objects to be  perceived,
 which are not before the eyes.
   PHANTASMA, Pseudoblepsia.
   PHANTASMATICUS, Phantasticus.
   PHANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia.
   PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
   PHANTASTICUS, Inebriant.  Creating phan-
 tasms—phantasmat' icus.
   PHANTOM, Fantom.
   PHANTOMA, Phantasma —p. Obstetricium,
 Fantom.
   PHARMACEIA, Poisoning.
   PHARMACEUM, Apotheca.
  PHARMACEUS, Apothecary.
  PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary.
  PHARMACEUTIC,  Pharmaceu'ticus,  from
tpappaxov,  'a  medicine.'  An  epithet for every
thing belonging to pharmacy.  Thus, we say,
Pharmaceutical preparations, &e.
  PHARMACEUTICS, Pharmacy.
  PHARMACEUTIST, Apothecary.
  PHARMAC1EN, Apothecary.
  PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG'TA, Cata-
grapholog"ia, Ars  for'mulas concinnan'di, from
tpajipaKov, 'a medicine,'  Kara, 'beneath,' ypaipr), 'a
writing,' and Aoyoj,  ' a  description.'  The art of
writing  prescriptions. — J. J. Plenck.
  PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry, pharma-
ceutical.
  PHARMACODYNAMICS,  from  tpaPltaKov, 'a
medicine,'  and  ivvapts, ' power.'  Pharmacody-
namics, Dynam'icul Materia Medica, Pharmaco-
dynam'ica doctri'na, Pharmacodynamiolofia. A
division of pharmacology, which considers  the
effects and uses of medicines.
  PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA,  Pharmaco-
dynamics.
  PHARMACOGNOSTA, Aceognos'ia, Acognos'-
ia, from tpappaKov, 'amedicine,' and yviaais, 'know-
ledge.'  A division of pharmacology, which treats
of simples, or unprepared medicines.
  PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medica.
  PHARMACOMA'NIA,  from tpappaKov, 'ame-
dicine,' and pavia,  'mania.'  One who has a ma-
nia for  prescribing or for taking medicine.
  PHARMACON, Poison.
  PHARMACOPOEIA, Pharmacopce'a, (F.)
Pharmacopie, from tpappaKov,  ' a medicine,' and
iroctta, ' I make.' A work, containing a collection
of formulae for the preparation, &c, of medicines:
generally published by authority.  Formerly, a
chemical  laboratory,  Laborato'rium  chym'icum
seu pharmaceut'icum.
  PHARMACOP03US, Apothecary, Druggist
  PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist.
  PHARMACOPOLE, Apothecary, Druggist.
  PHARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe'ca, Offici'na,
 Taber'na Med'ica.  The shop of the druggist or
 apothecary,  from  tpappaxov,  ' a medicine,'  and
maXeta,  ' I sell.'
   PHARMACOPOS'IA, from tpappaKov, 'a medi-
 cine,' and 7rod(f, ' a potion.'   A liquid medicine,
 especially one that is cathartic.
   PHARMACO'SA  MEDICAMENTA,  from
 fappaxov,  ' a  poison.'  Medicines  that contain
 poisonous substances.— Fallopius.
   PHARMACOTHE'CA, tpappaKo$nKn, from tpap-
 paxov, ' a medicine,' and rtSnpt, ' I filaee.' A ca^e
 for medicines.
   PHARMACOTHERAPI'A, from tpappaKov, and
 depaireta,  'treatment.'   Cure  of diseases by  re-
 medies.
   PHARMACTER, Apothecary.
   PHARMACUM,  Medicament, Poison —p.
 ^Igyptiacum, iEgyptiacum—p. Amatorium, Phil-
 ter.
   Phar'macum ad Aures, JEgyp'tium Medica-
 men'tum ad Aures. A name given to a medicine,
 composed of bitter almonds, white pepper, saf-
 fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, verjuice,
 sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, un-
 guentum  nardinum, <fcc.  It was believed to  be
 useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears.
   PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary.
   PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary.
   PHAR'MACY,  Pharmacia, Pharmaeeu'tiee,
  Pharmax'ia, from tpappaKov,  'a medicine.'  The
  art which teaches the knowledge, choice, preser- 
PHARMAXIS               663          PHARYNGOSPASMUS
ration, preparation, and  combination of medi-
cines.   It  was formerly divided into Galen'ical
and Chytn'ical.  The former, called after Galen,
embraced  the  operations undertaken  on medi-
cines without chymistry; — the latter, Chymical
Pharmacy or Pharmaceutic Chymistry, Phanna-
cochyniia, comprised  the preparation of medi-
cines,  founded on the chymical action of their
principles.
   PHARMAXIS, Pharmacy.
   PHARNA'CECM LINEA'RE. A South Afri-
can plant, A'at. Ord.  Paronychiaeeae,  employed
at the Cape in  pulmonary affections.  It is gene-
rally given in infusion.
   PIIARUS, Pharynx.
   PIIARVGATHRON, Pharynx.
   PIIARYGETHRUM, Pharynx.
   PHARYNCE'UM  (SAL.), from pharynx.  A
compound of cream of tartar, nitrate of potassa,
burnt alum,  and distilled vinegar.  It was for-
merly employed, united with honey and plantain-
water, to make gargles, which  were advised  in
quinsy.
   PIIAll YNGE, Pharyngeal.
   PILAR YNGE'AL, Pharynga'us, (V.)Pharyngi,
J'liaryngien.  That which  relates to the pharynx.
A name given to the muscles, vessels, and nerves
of the pharynx.
   Pharyngeal Arteries.  These are  two  in
number.  The  one—superior orpterygo-palatinc,
Ramus Pharynga'us supe'rior of Ilaller — arises
from  the internal maxillary at the base of the
zygomatic fossa,  passes  through  the pterygo-
palatine canal, and proceeds to  be distributed to
the pharynx and the  corresponding part of the
Eustachian tube.   The other — the inferior —
Pharynga'a  aacen'deiia of Ilaller — arises from
the external  carotid, on  a level with the facial.
It ascends along the  lateral and  posterior  part
of the pharynx, and divides into two branches :
the one — the pharyngeal, properly so called — is
distributed to the pharynx; the other — the ine-
ningeal — gives its branches particularly to the
dura mater.
   Pharyngeal Nerve.   A branch sent  by the
pneumogastric  to the pharynx.  It descends be-
hind  the internal carotid; communicates  with
the glosso-pharyngeal; and divides, opposite the
middle constrictor of  the pharynx, into  a. great
number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul-
titude of different directions, with filaments of the
glosso-pharyngeal nerve,  of the superior laryn-
geal branch,  and of the  first cervical  ganglion.
These different nervous filaments united consti-
tute the pharyngeal plexus,  the irregular  meshes
of  which  send numerous ramifications  to  the
pharynx.
  Pharyngeal Voice, see Voice.
  PHARYNGEMPHRAXIS,  from tpapvyt,  'the
pharynx,'  and  eptppa^is, 'obstruction.'  Obstruc-
tion of the pharynx.
  PII ARNGETHRON, Pharynx.
  l'HARYNGEURYSMA, Pharyngocele.
  IM IARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal.
  PII All YAHIEN, Pharyngeal.
  PHARYNGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea—/>.
Tonsillaire, Cynanche  tonsillaris.
  PHARYNGITIS, Cynanche pharyngea.
  Pharyngitis Apostemato'sa.  Abscess of the
pharynx.
  Piiaryngi'tis. DiPHTnERiT'ic, Angina pseudo-
membraint'ceit, A. membrana'cea, A. pel/icula'ris,
A. plas'tica,  A. diphtheritica,  A.  malig'na, A.
pseutlo-membraiio'sa, A. peetilentia'lia, Pharyn-
goc'ace, Pseudo-membranous Inflammation of the
Throat, (F.)  Angine couenneuee, A. gutturale  con-
enneuse, A. paeudo-membraneuee, A. plastique, A.
diphtherilique.  Diphtheritic inflammation of the
pharynx.   See Cynanche maligna.
  PHARYNGl'TIS, FOLLICULAR, Follicular Inflam-
mation tf the Pharynx, Angi'na folliculd'aa of the
Pharynx, Acne of the Throat.  Inflammation and
enlargement of the follicles of the pharynx, oc-
casionally extending  to the larynx.  Sometimes
termed  Clergyman'a  Sorethrout, Tuberclea of the
Larynx and Faueea, and Tuber'cular Sorethroat.
  Piiaryngi'tis,  Gangrenous,  Cynanche ma-
ligna.
  PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic.
  PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys''ma,  Di-
vertic'ulum seu Hernia seu Prolap'aua (Esopliagi
vel pharyn'gis, OSsoph'agus succenlurititus, from
tpapvyl-,  ' the pharynx,' and Kr/Xn, ' a tumour.' An
enlargement at the upper  part of the  gullet, in
which  the  food sometimes rests in considerable
quantity.
  PHARYNGODYN'IA, from tpapvyl 'the pha-
rynx,' and  ocWt;, 'pain.'  Pain in  the pharynx.
  PHARYNGOGLOS SAL, Glossopharyngeal.
Pharyngoglossidnus.  That which belongs to the
pharynx and tongue.
  PlIARYNGOGLOSSAL Nerve, Glossopharyngeal
Nerve, Lingua'lis latera'lis, (F.) Nerf Glossopha-
ryngien, Pharyngoglossien — a portion  of the
eighth pair—arises from the superior and lateral
parts of the spinal marrow,  between the  facial
and  pneumogastric nerves, by several filaments,
which  soon unite into a single cord, that passes
out of the cranium by the foramen lacerum ante-
rius ; goes  downwards and forwards, and  gains
the  posterior and inferior part  of  the  tongue.
Immediately after its exit  from the  cranium,  it
gives a  branch to the meatus auditorius externus.
and  receives  a  filament  from the  facial, and
another from the pneumogastric nerve.  It then
furnishes  two other  filaments,  which  descend
upon the carotid artery, and unite at the bottom
of the neck with branches  from the cervical gan-
glions and cardiac nerves, and give two filaments
to the stylo-pharyngeus muscle.  The glossopha-
ryngeus, after sending a twig  or two to the tonsil,
to the upper part  of  the pharynx  and membrane
of the  epiglottis,  divides  into many branches,
which run partly to the margin, and partly to the
middle  of  the root  of the tongue;  supplying,
especially, the papillae majores, and the parts in
their neighbourhood.
  By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller
of the associated motions of the tongue and pha-
rynx.   By others, it is esteemed to be the special
nerve of gustation.
  PHARYNGOG'RAPHY,  Pharyngogra'phia,
from tpapvyl;, 'the pharynx,'  and ypatpi), 'a de-
scription.'   An  anatomical description  of the
pharynx.
  PHARYNGOL'OGY, Pharyngolog"ia,  from
ipapvy!;,  'the pharynx,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
The  part of anatomy which treats of the pharynx.
  PHARYNGOLYSIS. Pharyngoplegia.
  PHARYNGOPARALYSIS, Pharyngoplegia.
  PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from <papvyl ' the pha-
rynx,' and itXnaaia, 'I strike.'   Dysphd gia para-
lytica, D. tor'pida, D. aton'iea, Angi'na paruli/t'-
ica. Asthenia Deglutitio'nis, Pharyugo('ysis, Pha-
ryngoparal'ysis  Parol'ysis OSsogp/i'm/i,  Gula
Imbecil'litas. Paralysis of the pharynx or oeso-
phagus : commonly a symptom of general para-
lysis, or of approaching dissolution.
  PHARYNGORRHAG'TA; from c6aW£, 'the
pharynx,' and payi7, ' rupture.'  Hemorrhage from
the vessels  of the pharynx.
  PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS:  from tpapvyl  'the
pharynx,'and airaapos, 'spasm.'  Spasm or cramp
of the pharynx. 
PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS        664                 PHIMO'SIS
  PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS,  Palato-pha-
ryngeus.
  PHARYNGOTOME,  Pharyngot'ornus,  from
ipapvy!;,  'the pharynx,' and repvia, 'I cut.'  An
instrument,  invented by J. L. Petit,  used to
scarify inflamed tonsils,  and to open abscesses,
which form in  the parietes  of the pharynx.  It
is composed of a long, narrow blade with a lancet
point, enclosed in a sheath or canula of silver
slightly curved.  This  instrument is carried to
the part to be cut, and the point  of the blade is
made to pass out of the sheath, by pressing on a
button at the end of the pharyngotome.  A spring
causes the blade to re-enter as soon as the pressure
is removed.
  PHARYNGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia;  same
etymon.  Some  authors have used  this  word
synonymously  with  cesophagotomy.  It means,
also,  scarification of the tonsils, or an incision,
made for opening abscesses there, &c.
  PHARYNX,  Pharyx,  Pharus,  Gula,  Lamos,
Fauces,  Pharyg'eihrum,  Pharydgethron,  Pha-
ryn'gethros, Pharygathron, Isthmos,  Isth'mion,
Inglu'vies, Princip'ium Gula, Os poa'terum, (F.)
Arriere-bouche, Goaier.   A species of musculo-
membranous, symmetrical canal, on the median
line,  irregularly  funnel-shaped, and  situate  be-
tween the base of the cranium and the oesophagus,
in front of the  vertebral column.   It is very nar-
row above ; but dilates  in the middle, and again
contracts below, at its junction with the oesopha-
gus.  Into the  anterior paries of the  pharynx
open,  successively, from above to below, — the
posterior orifices of the  nasal fossa?; the Eusta-
chian tubes; the posterior aperture of the mouth,
and the  top  of the larynx.  The pharynx is
formed, externally, of a muscular coat,  and, in-
ternally, of a mucous  membrane,  whieh is  con-
tinuous, above, with the Schneiderian membrane;
and in the middle, with  that of the mouth; be-
low,  with that of the  oesophagus;  and, at  the
sides,  with that  of the Eustachian tubes.   This
membrane has  no villi, and presents  only a  few
inequalities, which  are owing to the presence of
muciparous follicles.   The  muscular  coat of the
pharynx is composed of the constrictor muscles,
stylopharyngei,  and  pharyngostaphylini.   The
vessels and nerves are called pharyngeal.  The
pharynx  serves  as a common origin for the di-
gestive and respiratory passages. It gives passage
to the air, during respiration; and to the food at
the time of deglutition.
   Pharynx, Follicular Inflammation of the,
 Pharyngitis, follicular.
   PHARYX, Pharynx.
   PHASELUS, Phaseolus.
   PHASE'OLUS, P. Vulga'ris, Phaeiolue, Pha-
se'lue, Faae'lue, Faae'olus, Rona,  Boona, Faba ;
 the Kidney Bean; the French Bean, (F.) Haricot.
 Family, Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst. Diadelphia De-
 candria.  When young  and well boiled, this is
 easy of digestion, and delicately flavoured.  It is
 less flatulent than the pea.
   Phaseolus  Creticus, Cajan, Cayan.  A de-
 coction of the  leaves, according to Ray, restrains
 the hemorrhoidal flux when excessive.
   Phaseolus  Vulgaris, Phaseolus.
   PHASIA'NUS GALLUS, so  called from the
 river Qaots, in  Colchis, near the Black Sea: (F.)
 Coq.  The parts of generation of  the cock, dried
 and pulverized, were formerly regarded as proper
 for  increasing the  quantity of semen.  The fat
 was used as  emollient and resolvent; the brain,
 in  diarrhoea; the gall, in freckles and diseases of
 the eyes.  These phantasies are now abandoned.
   PHASIOLUS, Phaseolus.
   PIIASMA, Phantasm.
   PHATNE, Alveolus.
  PHATNION, Alveolus.
  PHATN0RRHAG"1A, Stomatorrhag"ia al*
vrolo'rum, from tparvtov, 'an alveolus,' and priyvvpi,
' I break forth.'  Hemorrhage from the alveoli.
  PIIAUSIN'GES, tpavatyyes, plural of  tpavoiyf,
from tpavfa, ' I roast.'  Spots or blisters  on the
legs, produced by heat; and, in  a more extensive
signification, by  any  other cause.   Also, a pus-
tule.— Foesius.
  PHELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum.
  PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUATICUM, Phellan-
drium, QSnan'the phellad drium  seuaquat'ica, Li-
gus'ticum phellad drium, Fcenic'ulum aquat'ieiun,
Cicuta'ria  aquatica,  Water  Fennel,  Fine-leaved
 Water Hemlock,  (F.)  Phellandre, Fenouil d'eau,
Cigu'e d'eau.  Family, Umbelliferae.  Sex. Syst.
Pentandria Digynia.  This plant is stimulant and
narcotic.  It has  been used in intermittents and
dyspepsia.  It has, also, been given in phthisis pul-
monalis, and in cases  of scrofulous atonic ulcers.
   PHENIG'MUS, Phcenig'mus,  Phanig'mus, from
tpoivt^, 'red.' Red Jaundice.  A cutaneous affec-
tion, consisting of redness diffused over the skin,
without fever.  Sauvages makes it a genus of his
order Icteritia.  Also, the act of irritating a part
by a stimulating application.
   PHENOMENE, Phenomenon.
   PHENOMENON,  Phanom'enon,  (F.) Plieno-
mine, from tpaivopat,  'I appear.   An extraordi-
nary  and  unexpected event.    In Medicine, it
means any change,  appreciable by our senses,
which supervenes in an organ or function :—as
the phenomena of the circulation, respiration,  <fec.
It  is  used  in pathology,  synonymously with
symptom.
   PHEUGOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
   PHEUGYDRON, Hydrophobia.
   PHI'ALA, A  Phial or Vial,  (F.) Fiole.   A
small bottle, in which apothecaries are in  the
habit of sending  out their mixtures,  draughts,
<fec:  hence called Med'icine Vials, (F.) Fioles d
Midecine.   They are  usually sold in grosses, and
assorted into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz. 3;  oz. 2;
oz. 1£; oz.  1; and oz. £.
   PHILADYNAMICA, Debilitants.
   PHILANTHROPUS, Galium aparine.
   PHILETRON, Philter.
   PHILETRUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
   PHILIATROS, tpiXtarpos, from tpiXeia, T love,'
and tarpiKt], ' medicine.' An amateur of medicine.
 One who studies medicine ; Studio'sus medicina.
   PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philobiosie: from .ptXeta,
 ' I love,' and fitos, ' life.'   The love of life.
   PHILffi'NIA, from tpiXeia, '  I love,' and otvos,
 ' wine.'  Love of wine.  Addiction to wine.
   PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas.
   PHILONIUM LONDINENSE, Confectio opii.
   PHILOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
   PHILOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia.
   PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Alchymy.
   PHILOSOPHIA   CORPORIS  VIVI,  Physi-
 ology— p. Hermetica, Alchymy — p. per Ignem,
 Chymistry.
   PHILTER, from  tptXcta,  'I  love.'  Philtrum,
 Phil'etron,  Phar'macum vel Poc'ulum amato'rium,
 Amato'rium venefic"ium,  (F.) Philtre.   A medi-
 cine or drink considered capable of causing love.
   PHILTRUM,  Lacuna labii superioris.
   PHILYRA, Tilia.
   PHIMA, Phyma.
   PHIMOS, Capistrum.
   PHIMO'SICUS.   Relating to Phimosis.
   Sauvages calls  Ischu'ria phimo'sica,  Ischu'ria
 urethra'Us d phimo'si, the retention of urine which
 depends upon phimosis.
    PHIMO'SIS, Phymo'sis,  Capistrdtio, Epago'-
 gium, Ligatu'ra  glandis, Strictu'ra prapiu'tii, 
PHLASMA
665
PHLEGMATIA
Reditc'tio prapu'tii impedi'ta, from tptpota, 'I bind
up.'   A disease which consists in a preternatural
narrowness  of the opening of  the prepuce, so
that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan-
dis.  This affection is most commonly congenital.
Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent  upon
tumefaction of the glans,  or of the  prepuce, as
occurs in syphilis.   To remedy this state, the
prepuce  may be  divided by means of a bistoury
and director; or circumcision may  be practised.
   Phimosis Adnata  seu Congenita  seu  Pueri-
lis, Congenital phimosis—p. Cireumligata, Para-
phimosis—p.  Congenita, P. adnata.
   Phimo'sis G3oemato'des, Hydrophimo'eia. Phi-
mosis with cedematous swelling  of  the prepuce.
   Phimosis Puerilis, Ph. adnata.
   PHLASMA, Contusion.
   PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS,  see Aneurism.
   PHLEBECTA'SIA, Phlebec'tasis, from  tpXcxp,
' a vein,' and  cKraais, ' dilatation.'  Dilatation of
a vein, or of a portion of a vein.—Alibert.
   PHLEBECTIARCTIE.  A mongrel  term,
from tpXe\p, 'a vein,' and arcto, '  I contract.'  Con-
traction of a vein.
   PHLEBES, (Arteries.)   See  Artery.
   PHLEBEURYSMA,  Varix.
   PHLEB'ION, diminutive of tpXetp,  ' a vein.'  A
vein.—Hippocrates.  A small vein,— Ve'nula.
   PHLERIS'MUS;  from tpXc^, tpXefas,  'a  vein.'
A term  employed  by Dr. Marshall Hall  for the
turgescence  of veins, produced by impeded re-
turn of the blood.  See  Trachelismus.
   PHLEBITIS, Inflamma'tio rend rum, (F.) In-
flammation dea veinea, from tpXeip^'a vein,' and
itia, the termination for inflammation.   Inflam-
mation of the inner  membrane of a vein, which
sometimes follows blood-letting,  and extends from
the small wound  made  in  that operation to the
neighbouring parti of the venous  system.   The
symptoms are, first, inflammation in the punc-
tured part;  and,  afterwards,  a knotty, tense,
painful cord, following the direction of the vefsel,
and accompanied with more or less fever, accord-
ing to the extent of the inflammation, the nervous
symptoms, &c.   Phlebitis, also,  sometimes super-
venes on the ligature or excision of varices : after
amputation, gun-shot wounds,  delivery (Uterine
 Phlebitis, Metro-ph/ebitia p>uerpera'lia, Phlebitis
uterina, Metritis veno'ea), the ligature of the
umbilical cord, &c.   It may terminate by reso-
 lution, suppuration, ulceration,  or gangrene.
   Phlebitis,  Crural,  Phlegmatia  dolens — p.
 Uterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis.
   PHLEBOGRAPHY, Phlebogra'phia,  from
 <pXc\p, ' a vein,'  and  ypatpv, ' a description.'  A
description  of the veins.
   PHLEB'OLITE, PhleboVithus, Vein atone, from
 tpXc\p, 'a vein,' and Xidos, 'a stone.'  A loose con-
 cretion, varying in size from that of a currant to
that of  a pea,  occasionally found in the veins.
 It would seem to be  formed in the blood.
   PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite.
   PIILEBOL'OGY,  Phlcbolotfia,  from tpXetp, 'a
vein,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The part of ana-
tomy which treats of the veins.
   PHLEBOPA'LIA, from  tpXc-p,  'a vein,' and
iraAAlo, T palpitate.'  With the ancients, pulaa-
tion, which they conceived to be produced by the
veins.   See Pulsus venaruin.
   PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOMTA,  Ophthalmo-
phlebotoniia, from fpXeip, 'a vein,'  otpSaXpos, 'the
eye' and rcpvui, ' I cut.'  Blood-letting in the eye.
   PHLEBOPLERO'SIS ECPHRACTICA, In-
flammation.
   PHLEBORRHAG"IA, from tpXcxp, 'a  vein,'
and pnyvvpt,  ' I break out.'  Rupture of the veins;
and, in  a more extensive sense, venous  hemor-
rhage.
  PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from <pXc<p, 'a vein,'and
pifif, 'rupture.'  Rupture of a vein.  Also, he-
morrhage from a vein, Phleborrhag"ia.
  PHLEBOSTENO'SIS;  from  coAtd-, 'a vein,'
and areviaais, ' contraction.'  Constriction or con-
traction of a vein.
  PHLEBOT'OMIST, from tpXcxp, 'a vein,'  and
repvta,  ' I cut.'   A bleeder.   One  who practises
particularly the art of phlebotomy.  See Blood-
letting.
  PHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam.
  PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-letting.
  PHLEBS, Vein.
  PHLEDONIA, Delirium.
  PHLEGM, Phlegma, Pituita, Pit'uite, Mucus,
(F.) Pituite.  One of the  four natural humours
of the ancients, which, according to them, was
cold and moist, as atrabilis was cold and dry.  It
predominated, especially, in  winter.
  Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque-
ous  or  excrementitious humour, such as the sa-
liva,  nasal and  intestinal  mucus,  serum, &c.
The terms phlegm and pituita are no longer used
in physiology,—the different humours having re-
ceived particular names; but the vulgar  still use
phlegm to designate a stringy mucus,  expecto-
rated,  or rejected  by vomiting.   The  ancient
chymists gave the name 'phlegm' to aqueous,
insipid, and inodorous products obtained by  sub-
jecting moist vegetable matters to the action of
heat.
  PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal mu-
cus—p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very  dilute.)
  PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegmago'gua;  from
tpXeypa, 'phlegm,' and ayia,  'I expel.'  A medi-
cine, formerly believed capable of  "cutting"  or
removing phlegm.
  PHLEGMAPYRA, Fever adeno-meningeal.
  PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon—p.
Adenosa, Adenitis—p. Alba  dolens puerperarum,
Ph.  dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue—p. Glandulosa, Adenitis—p. Myoica,
Myositis—p. of the Peritoneum, Peritonitis.
  PHLEGMATIA,  from  tpXeypa, 'phlegm.
GSdema, Anasarca, Hydrops.
  PnLEGMA'TiA  Dolens, P.  lac'tea, P. dolens
puerpera'rum, P. alba dolena puerpera'rum, Leu-
cophlegmaaia dolena puerperarum, Scelon'cua, Sce-
litl'gia puerpera'rum, Anaear'ca aero'aa,  Ecphy'-
ma tedemat'icum, Spargano'eie puerperarum, Ec-
chymo'ma  lymphat'icum, la'chiaa o epargano'si,
GSde'ma puerperarum,  QSd.  lacteum, Infarc'tus
lac'tei extremita'tum, Metas'tasie lactis, HysteraV-
gia galac'iica, Hydrophlegmdsia textua cellulo'ai,
Crural Phlebitis, White  leg, Swelled leg, Milk
teg,  White  swelling  of lying in  women,  (F.)
OSdeme des nonvelles accouchies,  QSdeme douleu-
reux des femmes en  couche,  Depot laiteux aur la
cuiaee, OSdeme act if dea nouvellea accouchiea, En-
flure ou Engorgement dea jambea et des cuisaea de
lafemme accouchie, E. laiteux dea membrea abdo-
minaux.  It occurs,  for the*most part, in the se-
cond or third week after delivery:—is limited to
the lower extremity, and chiefly to one side;  ex-
hibiting to the touch a feeling of numerous irre-
gular  prominences under the skin.  It is  hot,
white,  and unyielding;  and  is  accompanied,
sooner or later, with febrile  excitement.   After a
few  days, the heat, hardness,  and sensibility di-
minish, and the  limb remains cedematous  for a
longer or shorter period.  The disease  frequently,
if not generally, consists in the obstruction of the
iliac or other veins.  Owing to the pressure  of
the  gravid  uterus — the flow of blood being  ob-
structed—the serous part of it is thrown  out into 
                 PHLEGMATLE              6

  the  cellular membrane of the limb.   Sometimes
  the  vein is found completely obliterated.
    The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo-
  gistics:— the application of leeches or cupping-
  glasses near the groin :  fomentations to the limb,
  &c.; and, when the active state has subsided, the
  use  of a roller, applied gently at first, but, after-
  wards, gradually tightened.
    Phlegmatia Lactea, P. dolens.
    PHLEGMATLZE, see Empresma—p. Membra-
"nosae et parencbymatosae, Empresma.
    PIILEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,   adeno-menin-
  geal.
    PIILEGMATORRHAG"IA,P/Ve;7mrirorr/Wa,
  Catarrh, from tpXeypa, ' phlegm,' and peia, ' I flow.'
  Stahl and his partisans gave this name to a co-
  pious secretion, by the  nostrils, of a limpid and
  thin  mucus, without inflammation.   It is the
  Cory'za  Phlegmatorrhag" ia of Sauvages.   See
  Coryza.
    PHLEGMHYMENITIS, Phlegmymenitis.
    PHLEGMON, from tpXeyo,  'I burn.'  Phlogo'-
  8i'« phteg'moue, Phleg'mone, Phlegina'eia, Inceii-
  dium, Inflamma'tio.  Inflammation of the areolar
  texture accompanied with redness,  circumscribed
  swelling, increased heat and  pain; which is, at
  first, tensive and lancinating; afterwards, pulsa-
  tory and heavy.  It is apt to terminate in suppu-
  ration.   It requires the  antiphlogistic  treatment,
  until suppuration seems inevitable,  when the sup-
  puration must be encouraged  as the next favour-
  able termination to resolution.
    PHLEGMON PERINEPHRETIQUE, Pe-
  riphrenitis.
    PHLEGMONE,  Inflammation — p.  Mammae,
  Mastodynia apostematosa—p. Mastodynia,  Mas-
  todynia apostematosa — p. Parotidasa, Parotis —
  p. Peritonaei, Peritonitis—p. Parulis, Parulis—p.
  Musculorum, Myositis — p. Ventriculi, Gastritis.
    PHLEGMONODES, Phlegmonous.
    PIILEGMONOID, Phlegmonous.
    PHLEGMONOUS, Phlegmono'dea, Phleg'mo-
  noid, from tpXcypovn, 'aphlegmon,'  and £«5os, 're-
  semblance.'   That which relates or belongs to
  or resembles phlegmon.
    Phlegmonous Inflammation is  the active in-
  flammation of the areolar membrane;  in contra-
  distinction to erysipelatous inflammation, or that
  of the skin.
    PHLEGMOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
    PHLEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrhoea.
    PHLEGMORRHAGIE  PULMONAIRE,
  Bronchorrhcea.
    PHLEGM0RRHO3A,  Blennorrhoea.
    PHLECMYMENITIS,P/\%77j%77ie7u''fi's,from
  <pXtypa,' phlegm,' 'vpnv,  ' a membrane,' and  itia,
  the termination for inflammation.   Inflammation
  of a  mucous membrane.
    Phlegmymenitis Enterica, see  Enteritis.
    PHLEPS, Vein.
    PHLOGIA, Inflammation.
    PHLOGICUS, Inflammatory.
    PHLOGISTIC, Inflammatory.
    PHLOGISTICI, Empresma.
    PHLOGISTON, Hydrogen.
    PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
    PHLOGO'DES, from  <pXo£, 'flame,' and  eiios,
  'resemblance.'  Infldmed, Inflammdtua, Inflam-
  tnato'riue, Inflammatory.  An epithet employed
  particularly to express the red colour of the face.
    PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha.
    PHLOGOSED, Inflamed.
    PHLOGO'SIS,  Incen'dium, Inflamma'tign.
  Some writers use this word exclusively for exter-
  nal inflammation — phlegmon; others, for that
  which is superficial or erysipelatous.
66               PHONONOSI

   PHLOGOTTCA,  Inflammation.   The second
 order in the class Hamatica of Good.
   PHLOIOS, Cortex.
   PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
   PHLOOS, Cortex.
   PHLOR'IDZINE,  Phloridzina,  Phloridzin,
 from  ^Aoof,  'inner  bark,'  and pi£a, 'root.'   The
 bitter or active principle of the root and trunk of
 the apple, pear, cherry, and plum tree.  It is de-
 posited from the decoction on cooling; crystal-
 lizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour, when
 in masses, or in long slender prisms or tables,
 when crystallized with care.  1000 parts of water,
 at a temperature of from 32° to 71°, only dissolve
 about one part; but at from 70° to 212°,  it is
 dissolved in all  proportions.  It is  very soluble
 in pure alcohol, but only slightly so in  ether;
 s. g. 1.429.  It has been  administered success-
 fully in intermittents,—10  to 20 grains being ge-
 nerally required to arrest the paroxysm.  It may
 be given either in the form of pill or powder.
   PHLOUS, Cortex.
   PHLOX, Verbascum thapsus.
   PHLYCTJE'NA,  Phlycta'nia,  Phlyctia, Phly-
 za'cion,  Ampulla, Holophlyc'tidee,  Phlyc'Udes,
 Phlysis, from ct>Ati£w, 'I boil.'  Tumours formed
 by the accumulation of a serous fluid under the
 epidermis.
   PHLYCTtENULA, see Hydatid.
   PHLYCTENOID,  Phlycteno'V des.  Resem-
 bling phlyctsenoe.   An epithet  for a variety of
 herpes.
   PHLYCTENULAR, same etymon as Phlyc-
 taena. Of or belonging to phlyctaanula,—us phlyc-
 tenular ophthalmia, inflammation of  the eye, ac-
 companied with phlyctaenulae  on the cornea.
   PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaana.
   PHLYCTID'IUM, same etymon.  A circular
 or annular spot of inflammation of  the corium,
 encircled by a red  ring or zone, within  which
 suppuration  takes place.  The genuine small-pox
 pu§tule, and that produced by the application of
 tartar emetic ointment, are examples of it.
   PHLYCTIS, Phlyctasna.
   PHLYSIS, from tpXvfa, ' I am hot,'' I boil.'  A
 cutaneous  eruption.  An ulcerative, subcutaneous
 tumour :  flat,  tensive, glabrous; diffused,  hot,
 throbbing; at length fluctuating, with an acrid
 ichor. — Good.
   Phlysis,  Phlyctsena— p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma
 — p. Impetigo, Djapetigo—p. Porrigo, Porrigo —
 p. Scabies, Psora.
   PHLYZACIA, Ecthyma.
   PHLYZACION, Phlyctsena.
   PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia.
   PHOCOM'ELES,   from  tptaKn, 'a seal,'  and
 peXos, 'a limb.'   A genus  of monsters, in which
 the limbs are shortened; the hands  and feet ap-
 pearing to exist alone, and to be inserted  imme-
 diately on  the trunk, as in  the seals and the her-
 bivorous cetacea. — j. G. St. Hilaire.
   PH03NICISMUS, Rubeola.
   PH03NIGMUS, Phenigmus —p.  Petechialis,
 Purpura simplex.
   PH03NIX DACTYLIFERA, Date tree —p.
 Excelsa, Date tree.
   PHONATION, Phondtio, from tptavn, 'voice.'
 The physiology of the voice.
   PHONE, Voice.
   PHO'NICA, tptavtKa, from tptavn, 'voice.'  The
 first order  of the class Pneuinatica, in Good's
 Nosology.   Defined  : diseases affecting the vocal
 avenues: — the passage of the voice impeded, or
 its power suppressed or depraved.
   PIIONON'OSI, Phononu'ei, from  tptavn,  'the
 voice,' and  voaos,  'a disease.'   Phonopathi'a,
 Jlorbi vocie.  Diseases of the voice. 
PHONOPATHIA
667
PHRENO
    PHONOPATHIA, Phononosi.
    PHORA, Gestation.
    PIIORliE, Pabulum.
    PHORONOMTA, from  tpopeopat, or tpcpopat, 'I
  put myself in motion,' and vopos, ' law.' The doc-
  trine of muscular motion.
    PHOROUS, from tpepta,' I carry.'   A suffix de-
  noting conveyance.   Hence, Galacto;j/Yorous, <fec.
    PHOS. Light.
    PHOSl'HAS CALCICUM STIBIATUM, An-
  timonial powder—p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial
  powder—]i. Natrieum, Soda, phosphate of.
    1'IIOSI'IIATTC, Phosphat'icus, from Phospho-
  rus.   Relating  to the  phosphates;  hence the
  Phoaphat'ic Diath'esia is the habit of body which
  favours the deposition of the phosphates from the
  urine.
    PHOSPHENE, Photopsia.
    PIIOSPHORE, Phosphorus.
    PIIOSPIIORENESES.   M. Baumes  unites,
  under this generic name, diseases which he attri-
  butes  to disordered  phosphorization ;  i. e. to ex-
  cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphate or its
  decomposition.   Amongst  these  affections  he
  ranks  rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout.
    PIIOSI'IIORES'CENCE,   Phosphor eacen'ti a.
  The properties possessed by certain bodies of be-
  ing  luminous in obscurity, or under particular
  circumstances.
    PHOS'PIIORIC  ACID,  Ac"idum phosphor'-
  icitm, (F.) Acide phosphorique.  A solid, colour-
  less  compound;  highly  sapid; very  soluble  in
  water, and verifiable  by fire.   It exists in  bones
  combined with lime.  It has been employed  in
  medicine in the form of lemonade, in passive he-
  morrhage,  typhus, phthisis,  marasmus, Ac., and
  in injection in cases of cancer of the  uterus.  It
  does not seem preferable to other acids.
   PIIOSPHORURIA, Urine, phosphorescent,
   PIIOS'PHORUS, Phos'phorum,  Autophos'pho-
 rus,  Ignis philosoph'icus, Lumen conatctna, from
 tptas,  'light,' and tpepia, 'I  carry.'  (F.) Phosphore.
 ' A light carrier.'  An elementary or undecom-
 posed substance ; not metallic; solid; transparent
 or semitransparent; colourless; brilliant; flexible;
 of a sensible  garlic  odour; very inflammable,
 and  susceptible of  combining  with  the oxygen
 of the atmosphere, at even the ordinary tempera-
 ture.   It does  not  exist pure  in nature,  but  is
 found  frequently united  to  other bodies. Its
 fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and congreve
 matches have caused, it  is said, necrosis  of the
 lower jaw—'phoaphorua jaw dieeaee.'
   Phosphorus has been  used in  medicine, dis-
 solved in ether or suspended  in the yolk of egg,
 as a stimulant; but the greatest precautions are
 necessary in its administration :  hence it is  rarely
 employed.
   Phosphorus  Jaw Disease, see Phosphorus.
   PHOSPIIURIA, Urine, phosphorescent.  See
 Urine.
   PIIOTODAMPSIS, Refraction.
   PHOTOMA'NIA, from tptas, ' light,' and mania.
 Insane  delirium induced by light.
   PHOTOPHO'BIA, from tptas, <p<aros,  'light,' and
 #o/?o{, 'fear.'   Aversion  to light: — intolerance
 of light.  Nyctalopia.
  PII0TOPIIOBI0US. Lueifugus.
  PHOTOPHOROPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia.
  P110TOP1IOBUS, Lueifugus.
  PHOTOP'SIA, Fi'sms lu'cidue, from  tptas, 'light,'
and  cud, 'the  eve.'  (F.) Phosphene.  A  false
perception of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire,
Ac., occasioned by certain conditions of the retina
and brain, and by pressure on the eyeball.  When
pressure does not induce the luminous appear-
 ance, the existence of amaurosis may be inferred.
 See Metamorphopsia.
    PHOTU'RIA,  from  tpias,  'light,' and  ovpov,
 urine.'  A luminous  condition of the urine.
    PHRAGMOS,  tppaypos, from tppaaata, 'I  en-
 close.'  A row of teeth.
    PHRASIS, Voice, articulated.
    PHRASUM, Marrubium.
    PHREN,  <ppyv, 'the mind.'  Also,  the  dia-
 phragm and scrobiculus cordis.
    PHRENAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia cer'ebri; from
 tppnv,  ' the mind, the organ  of mind,' and av%r},
 ' increase.'   Hypertrophy of the brain.
    PHRENATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia cer'ebri; from
 tppnv,  ' the mind, the organ  of mind,'  a, priv.,
 and rpotpn, ' nourishment.'  Wasting or atrophy
 of the brain.
    PHREN ES, Diaphragm.
    PHRENESIA, Phrenitis.
    PHREN ESI E, Phrenitis.
    PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
    PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
    PHRENETISMUS, Phrenitis.
    PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic.
    PHRE'NTCA, from <ppnv,' the mind.'  Diseases
 affecting the intellect;  characterized by error,
 perversion, or debility of one  or more of the men-
 tal faculties, (Phrenopathia.)  The first order of
 the class Neurotica of Good.   Also, remedies that
 affect  the mental faculties — Phren'ica.   Pereira.
   PHRENICS. see Phrenica.
   PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALICA, Hy-
 drocephalus  internus.
   PHRENTSMUS, Phrenitis.
   PHRENITIS, Phreiieais, Phrene'aia,  Phre-
 netiaaia, Phrenis'mus, Phrenetia'mua, Cephalitia,
 Cephaluigia  inflammato'ria, Karabitua  (Arab.),
 Sibare, Sphacelia'mita cer'ebri, Enipre.s'ma cepha-
 li'tia,  Siriaaia, Seiri'asis,  Siderdtio, Inflamma'-
 tio phrenitis,  Encephalitis,  Cauma phrenitie,
 Phrcney, Delirium, Brain  Fever, (F.) Phrinieie,
 Inflammation du cerveau et du cervelet, from <Ppr)v,
 ' the mind,' and itis,  denoting inflammation.  A
 disease characterized by violent pyrexia, pain in
 the head, redness of the  face and  eyes, intole-
 rance  of light and sound,  watchfulness,  and de-
 lirium, either furious or muttering.  Its causes
 are the same  as  those  of other inflammations :
 sometimes, however, it is induced by a  Coup de
 aoleil; by inebriation; violent mental emotions,
 Ac. Some authors have given the name Phre-
 nitia and Meningitis to inflammation of the mem-
 branes of the brain;  and that of Cephalitis, En-
 cephalitia, or  Cerebritia  to inflammation of the
 substance of  the brain ; but there are no pathog-
 nomic  symptoms, which  can  lead us to refer the
 seat of the disease to either of those parts exclu-
 sively.  Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous
 affection, from the importance of the organ con-
 cerned.  The most active treatment  must neces-
 sarily be pursued.  Repeated bleeding; purging;
 the application of ice to the shaved  head;  a po-
 sition in which the head is raised; and the abid-
 ing of  irritation of every  kind; — form the reme-
 dial means during the violent stage.  After this
 has yielded, counter-irritants  to the nape of the
 neck or to other parts of the  body will be useful
 adjuvants.  When the brain and meninges were
 affected only symptomatically, as in inflamma-
 tion of the diaphragm, the disease was formerly
 called  Paraphrenias.
  Hydrocephalus acntua is a variety of phrenitis.
  Phrenitis  Calentura, Coup-de'-soleil—p. La-
trans, Hydrophobia—p. Potatorum, Delirium tre-
mens—p. Verminosa, Vereoquin.
  PHRENOLOGY. Craniology.
  PHRENO - MAG 'NETISM,  Phreno - mesmer- 
             PHRENOPARALYSIS          61

ism.   A term applied to the condition of a mes-
merized person, in which, when any cerebral  or
phrenological organ—so called—is  touched, the
functions of the organ are manifested. It has been
established, that no such phenomena can be eli-
cited in children, or in those who have never seen
a phrenological cast  or picture.
  PHRENOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
  PHRENOPATHIA,  see Phrenica.
  Phrenopathi'a ^Ethe'rea.  The aggregate
of encephalic phenomena induced by the inhala-
tion of ether.
  PHRENSY,  Phrenitis.
  PHRICASMUS, Horripilation.
  PHRICE, Horripilation.
  PHRICIA, Horripilation.
  PHRICIASIS, Horripilation.
  PHRICO'DES (FEBRIS,) from tppiKt,, 'a shi-
vering ;' Horrif'ica.  A fever in which  the chill
is very intense  and prolonged.
  PHRYAGMA, Shuddering.
  PHRYCTE,  Colophonia.
  PHRYG'TUS  (LAPIS.)  An  earthy matter,
found in Phrygia and  Cappadocia,  and formerly
employed as an astringent.— Gorraeus.
  PHTHARMA CALIGO, Caligo—p. Cataracta,
Cataract—p.  Glaucoma, Glaucoma.
  PHTHEIR,  Pediculus.
  PHTHEIRE'MIA; from tpdetpta, 'I  corrupt,'
and 'aipa, 'blood.  A state in which the  plastic
powers of the blood  are deteriorated.
  PHTHEIRI'ASIS, Phthiriaaie, from  tpSetp,  'a
louse ;' Morbus pediculo'aua, M.pediculdria, Pru-
rigo pedicula'ria, Pediculdtio, Malia pedic'uli,
Peta'le, Louaineae, Louey diaeaae, (F.) Maladie
pediculaire, Phthiriase.  A disease which con-
sists in the excessive multiplication  of lice on the
human  body, under  conditions in which it does
not ordinarily take place, and in spite of cleanli-
ness.   It has been asserted that the affection has
often caused death.   Simple and medicated baths
have been recommended for its removal; lotions
of the decoction or infusion of tobacco and staves-
acre, mercurial frictions, &c.
  PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria.
  PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delphinium  staphi-
sagria.
  PHTIIINAS, Phthisis.
  PHTHINODES, Phthisicus.
  PHTHIRIASE, Phtheiriasis.
  PHTIIIRIASIS, Malis, Phtheiriasis.
  PHTHIRIUM SCABIEI, see Psora.
  PHTHIRIUS, Antiparasitic — p. Inguinalis,
see Pediculus.
  PHTHIROCTONUS, Abortive.
  PHTHIROPORON,  Autumn.
  PHTHISES: same  etymon as Phthisis.   In
the classification of Fuchs, diseases attended with
ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation.
  PHTHISIC,  Phthisis.
  PHTHISICAL, Phthisicus.
  PHTHISTCUS, Phthino'dea, Phthia'ical, Tia'-
ical, (F.) Poitrinaire ; same etymon as phthisis.
Belonging to phthisis.   Also, one labouring un-
der phthisis.
  PHTHISIE, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Calcu-
leuee,  Calculi, pulmonary, see Lithiasis pulmo-
num—p. Carcinomateuae, Phthisis, cancerous—p.
avec Milanoac, Anthracosis pulmonum—p.Miaen-
tirique, Tabes mesenterica.
  PHTHISIOL'OGY, Phthiaiolog"ia,  from tp$t-
ais, and Xoyos.  A treatise on phthisis.
  PHTHISIOSIS, Tubercular consumption.
  PHTHLSI-PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis pulmo-
nalis.
  PHTHISIS,  Phthoe, Phthinas,   Tabes, Te'ce-
don, Conaumption, Decline, Phthia'ic, Tis'ic; from
13                PHTHISIS

 tpSiui, ' I dry, I fade.'  This word, taken  in a ge-
 neral  sense,  means  progressive  emaciation  of
 every part of the body.   It is usually, however,
 restricted to phthisis pulmonalis.
   Phthisis, Black, see Anthracosis.
   Phthisis, Bron'chial, Phthiaia  bronchia'lis.
 Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged
 tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not unf're-
 quently, communicate with caverns  in the lungs,
 or with the bronchia.
   Phthisis Calculosa, Lithiasis pulmonum.
   PHTHISIS, Can'cerouS, Scirrhus,  Carcinoma et
 Fungus Pulmo'num, Med'ullary or  Etueplialoid
 Tumour of the  Lung, (F.) Cancer  du Poumon.
 Cancer of the lung, which gives rise to carci-
 nomatous phthisis, (F.) Phthisie carcinomateuae,
 of Bayle.
   Phthisis Consummata, see Ph. pulmonalis—p.
 Dorsalis, Tabes Dorsalis — p.  Dyspeptic,  see
 Phthisis — p. Exulcerata,  Ph. pulmonalis—p.
 Hepatica, Hepato-phthisis—p. Ischiadica, Ischio-
 phthisis.
   Phthisis Larynge'a, Chronic Laryngitis, La-
 ryngitis  et  Tracheitis  chron'ica,  Tuberculo'sis
 laryn'gis et trache'a, Laryn'go et Tracheophthisis,
 Laryngophthisis, Ul'cera seu Heleo'sis laryngis,
 (F.) Phthisie laryngie, Ulcere du larynx, Laryn-'
 gite avec sicrition  de  Pua, is a species of con-
 sumption analogous to phthisis pulmonalis, pro-
 duced by inflammation and ulceration of the  in-
 terior of the larynx, and sometimes by caries of
 the  cartilages.   Phthiaia trachea'lis, Tracheopli-
 thi'aia, is a similar affection, seated in the trachea.
 Chronic inflammation of the larynx and trachea
 may exist, however, without tubercles or phthisis.
   Phthisis  Meseraica, Tabes mesenterica—p.
 Nodosa, Ph. pulmonalis — p. Notias, Tabes dor-
 salis.
   Phthisis  Pulmona'lis,  Ph. jjulmo'nnm,  Ph.
 pulmona' lis vera seu tuberculo'aa seu ecrophulo'sa
 seu tuberculo-ulcera'ta seu purulen'ta exulcera'ta
 seu exulcera'ta, Maraa'musphthisis, Hec'ticaphthi-
 818, Hamop'tysis phthiaia, Ph. Pulmonn'riasen no-
 do'sa, Passio vomicof'lna, Phthisi-pneumo'nia,Ta-
 bes pulmona'lia  seu pulmo'num, Ulcua pulmonum,
 Helco'aiapulmona'lia, Pneumonophthiaia, Pneumo-
 noph'thoe, Phthiaia ecrophulo'sa, Pneumop'thoe,
 Pulmo'nia,Phthisis tuberculo'sa, Tuberculo'sis Pul-
 mo'num,Gongrophthi'sis, Tuberculous diaeaae of the
 lunga, Pulmonary conaumption, Conaumption, De-
 cline, Phthiaic, Tisic, (F.) Phthisie, P.pulmonaire,
 Crachement  de pua.  Occasionally, this formida-
 ble  disease occurs  accidentally : but,  usually, it
 is caused by a conformation obtained from pro-
 genitors.  This, at least, predisposes to it;  and
 but a slight exciting cause may  be required to
 rouse the predisposition into action. It is less a
 disease of the torrid zone; and, in the temperate
 regions of the globe, its  pathology  is  often inti-
 mately allied with  that of scrofula.  It consists
 in the formation of tubercles in the  lungs, which
 sooner or later inflame and break down.  In such a
 constitution, ulcerations of the lungs do not readily
 heal; and hectic fever—the universal attendant
 upon irritability and debility—is established. This
 persists, and gradually wears down the patient,
 till he ultimately expires, exhausted by the irri-
 tative fever.  The chief symptoms are the fol-
 lowing.   The patient feels a sense of  uneasiness
 in the chest, with  severe fits of  coughing, or a
 short and  dry  cough with dyspnoea.  This  may
 be  considered  the incipient  stage.   The cough
 then becomes extremely troublesome, especially
 in the morning; and dyspnoea is increased on the
 slightest exertion.  The expectoration is evidently
 purulent, with fever in the evening, and circum-
 scribed redness of  the  cheeks;  wasting  and col-
 liquative sweats early in the morning.  This must 
PHTHISIS
669
PHYSCONIA
be considered the confirmed stage,—Phthiaia con-
tummdta, Pneumophthi'sis.  In the third, or last
stage, the hectic is  constant, with small pulse,
pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrhoea.
The weakness becomes extreme, and  the patient
exhausted.   Physical Signe. — l.  In the first
stage, whilst there are yet scattered  miliary tu-
bercles,—the only appreciable change at the  ex-
terior of the chest, and this is not constant, is a
want of  freedom in the movements  under one or
both clavicles.   Percussion will generally disco-
ver a slight diminution of sound corresponding
to the summit of one lung.  In the same situa-
tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur-
mur is either weaker, rougher, or confused.  The
sound of expiration  is more distinct.  The voice
and cough are rather more resonant, and wheez-
ing or mucous rales  are occasionally heard in  the
same region.  2. When the tubercular deposition
has become more abundant, the motion of  the
chest is  more markedly diminished under one or
both clavicles.   The loss of sound on percussion
is more  distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation,
is bronchial, the expiration louder and more  su-
perficial, and tho  resonance of the  voice and
cough is increased.  The rest of the lung is per-
haps healthy, or the respiration may be puerile.
3. When the tubercles are undergoing softening,
—in addition to the  preceding signs, auscultation
exhibits a subcrepitant rdle around the apex of
the lung, decreasing from above downwards.  It
is most distinct  during or after the cough, and at
the close of a deep  inspiration.   As the disease
proceeds,  the   bubbling  becomes  successively
larger,  and ultimately gargouillement is heard.
The inspiration  and  expiration  are  cavernous or
tracheal.  The voice and cough indicate unusual
resonance and  pectoriloquy.  The  intercostal
spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion
may become gradually clearer and  even tympa-
nitic as  the cavern increases.
   It is only in the incipient  state of  this formi-
dable disease, that  advantage  can be  expected
from any^ilan  of treatment; and  of all means
that can be devised, that of removing to a climate
in which air and exercise  can  be daily enjoyed
during the autumnal, winter, and spring months
is the best.   See Climate.   If this  be impracti-
cable, the patient  must be  kept in  a regulated
temperature, taking care  that the chamber be
duly ventilated ; and gestation in the  open air be
used, whenever  the  atmosphere, although cold, is
dry.  The other indications will be : 1. To mode-
rate inflammatory  action:  2. To support  the
strength; and, 3. To palliate urgent  symptoms.
The whole treatment indeed is palliative.  Coun-
ter-irritants  relieve  pain :  demulcents and mild
opiates  alleviate the cough : the mineral acids,
united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats;
and chalk and opium the diarrhcea.
   Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particular
species of phthisis, whieh is characterized, in  the
early stage, by a deranged state of the digestive
organs ;  flatulent,irregular bowels; furred tongue;
impaired appetite ; unnatural faeces ; and the epi-
gastric region  more or less  full and tender on
pressure.  The  affection  of the lungs  is here
secondary.  He calls it Dyspeptic phthisie.
   Pntnisis  Pulmonalis  Purulenta Exulce-
h.vta.  Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis scro-
fulosa.  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis tu-
berculosa, Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.  Pulmonalis
tuberculosa-ulcerata.  Phthisis pulmonalis — p.
Pulmonalis vera, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pupil-
la?, Synezisis—p. Pupillaris, Myosis—p. Scrophu-
losa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Sicca,  Tabes dor-
salis— p. Tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p.
Uterina,  Metrophthisis — p. Vesicalis,  Cystopn-
thisis.
  PHTHISURIA, Diabetes.
  PIITHISUHIE, Diabetes—p. Sucrie, Diabetes
mellitus.
  PHTHOE, Phthisis.
  PIITHOIS, Pastil, Trochiscus.
  PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Trochiscus.
  PHTHONGODYSPHORIA, Hyperacusis.
  PHTHORA, Abortion, Corruption, Plague.
  PHTHORIUS, Abortive.
  PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive.
  PHUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina.
  PHUSCA, Oxycrate.
  PHYGANTHROPIA, Misantbropia.
  PHYGETH'LON, Panus, Phypella, from tpvyia,
'I broil.'  Inflammation of the superficial lym-
phatic glands, not ending in suppuration.
  PHYLACTERION, Amuletum.
  PHYLACTE'RIUM,  from  tpvXaaaia, T  pre-
serve.'  A Phylac'tery.  An amulet:—a prophy-
lactic.
  PHYLAXIS, Conservation.
  PHYLLANTHUS  URINA'RIA, Binkohnm-
ba.  A plant employed  in  Ceylon, in decoction,
as a diuretic.
  PIIYLLITIS, Asplenium scolopendrinm — p.
Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria — p.  Rotundi-
folia, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  PHYMA, Phima, from tpvopat,  'I spring up.'
With the ancients, this word was used with great
latitude: sometimes, in  the sense of phlegmon,
for tumours larger than  a boil, and perfectly sup-
purative.  In the nosology of Sauvages, Phymata
is an order of diseases, to which he refers erysi-
pelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema, scirrhus,
Ac.   In that of Dr. Good it is  a genus, including
hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax.
  Phyma Anthrax, Anthrax — p. Anthrax ter-
minthus, Terminthus -/  p. Sycosis, Sycosis.
  PHYMATO'SES, from tpvua, 'a hard tumour.'
Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs.
  PHYMATOSIS, Excrescence—p. Cerebri, En-
cephalophymata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia-
sis— p. Lupus, Lupus — p. Verrucosa,  Verruca.
  PHYMOSIS, Phimosis.
  PHYPELLA, Phygethlon.
  PHYSA, Crepitation.
  PHYSAGOGA, Carminatives.
  PHY'SALIS, P.  Alkeken'gi seu halicac'abum,
Sola'num vesica'rium, Alchachcn'ge, Alkeken'gi,
Halicac'abum,  Winter  Cherry, (F.) Alkekenge,
Coqueret.  Family, Solaneaa.  Sex. Syst.  Pen-
tandria Monogynia.  The berries are  recom-
mended as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in
dropsical and calculous  cases.
  Physalis  Alkekengi, Physalis—p. Halicaca-
bum, Phvsalis—p. Stramonium, Anisodus luridus.
  PIIYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus —
p. Nivalis, Lichen caninus.
  PHYSCO'NIA, from tpvaKr,,  'a bladder.'  Ven-
tros'itas, Ecphy'ma physco'nia, Hyposar'ca, Em-
phrac'tica, Visco'nia, Hypersarchid' ioe, Potbelly,
Penduloua abdo'men, Swagbelly.  A generic term,
under which Sauvages has comprised every large
tumour developed in the abdomen, that is  neither
fluctuating nor sonorous.  Linnaeus calls it Hy-
posarca.
  Physco'nia Adipo'sa, Obes'itas seu PolyaaP-
cia via'cerum. Aceumulution of fat in the intes-
tines.
  Physconia Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesiculas
felleae.
  Physconia Emphysemat'ica.  Accumulation
of air in the areolar tissue, or between the coats
of particular viscera.
  Physconia Lienis, Splenoncus — p.  Mesente-
rica,  Tabes  mesenterica — p.  Splenicum, Ague
cake.
  Phtsconia Strumo'sa, Scrofula abdomina'lii 
               PHYSCONIE

inter'na.   Tumid abdomen from s«ophulous en-
largement of the glands.        » ■
  PHYSCONIE  MESENTERIQUE,   Tabes
mesenterica.
  PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physesis.
  PHYSE'SIS, Physe'ma, from tpvaata,  ' I inflate.'
An emphysematous tumour.   Tympanites.
  PHYSETER MACROCEPIIALUS, see Ceta-
ceum.
  PHYSIATRICE, Vis medicatrix naturae.
  PHYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix  na-
turae.
  PHYSIC, Medicament, Medicina — p. Indian,
Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata—p. Root,
Leptandria purpurea.
  PHYSICAL, Medical.
  PHYSICIAN, Med'icua, Iatroa, Acea'tor,
Acea'ter, Altheua;  from tpvots,  'nature. (F.) Mi-
decin.  One who has received his degree from an
incorporated Institution, as Doctor of Medicine.
The French formerly used the word phyaicien in
the sa'me  sense.   It is now  appropriated to the
natural philosopher.
  Physician,  Family.  One  regarded as  the
regular attendant on a family.
  Physician, Learned, Iatrosophista—p. Prac-
tical, Iatrotechna — p.  Priest, see Asclepiadas.
  PHYSICIEN, Physician.
  PHYSICS,  MED'ICAL, Iatrophya'ica.  Phy-
sics directly applied to medicine, — either  to the
explanation of the vital phenomena, the preserva-
tion of individuals,  or the treatment of disease.
  PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA,  Vis medicatrix  na-
turae.
  PHYSIOG'NOMY,  Phyaiognom'ia,  Phyaiog-
nom'ica,  Phyaiognoniice, Phyaionom'ia,  Phyai-
ognomon'ia, Phgeiognom'one, Phyaiognomoa'yne,
Phyaiognomoaia, Anthropoacop'ia, Proeopoman-
tia, Proaopolog"ia, Semiot'ice fa'ciei, Phyaiogno-
mon'ica, Phyaiognoniony, Metopoa'copy, Proaopo'-
aia, from tpvais, 'nature,' and yvtaun, 'knowledge.'
The art of knowing the dispositions of men from
their external appearance;  especially from the
features.  Every inference of this kind must ne-
cessarily be extremely fallacious, and  cannot be
reduced to rule, as was  attempted by Lavater and
others.  In infantile diseases, numerous  shades
of  expression  are evident,  which  experience
teaches how to appreciate ; and which afford use-
ful  guides in understanding the pathology of that
period  of existence.
  PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA, see Pa-
thogenetic.
  PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy
— p. Doctrine, Broussaism.
  PHYSIOLOGICE, Physiology.
  PHYSIOL'OGY, Phyaiolog"ia, Biol'ogy, Biod-
omy, Biot'ics,  Biophanomenolog"ia, Phyaiolog"-
ice, QSconom'ia anima'lis, Anatom'ia viva, Anat'-
ome aniina'ta, Anthropolog"ia, Microcosmogrd-
phia, Microcos'mica scien'tia,  CognW'io physio-
log" ica, Pars naturdlis medicina, Philosoph'ia
cor'poria vivi; from tpvtris, 'nature,' and Xoyos, 'a
description.'  Formerly, Physiology  meant  the
same as  Physics, in its extensive signification,
now does.  At the  present day, it includes  the
science which treats of the functions of animals
or vegetables ; an acquaintance with the pheno-
mena the aggregate of which constitute life.  It is
the science of life.  It is divided into animal—Zo'd-
physiologia, and vegetable — Phytophysiolog"ia,
according as it considers the life of animals or of
vegetables singly.   Comparative physiology com-
prises both. Physiology is, also, general or special,
according as it treats of'life in the abstractor in
some particular species.  To the latter belongs the
Physiology of Man, — called also, Hygienic Phy-
0                    PIA

 eiology to distinguish  it from Pathological Physi-
 ology or  Patholoijy.
   Physiology, Pathogenetic, see Pathogenetic
   PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy.
   PI1YSIONOMIE EGAREE, see Wild.
   PHYSIS, Natura, Sex.
   PHYSOCE'LE, Pneumatoce'le,  Hernia vento'-
 sa; Oscheocele flatulen'ta,  Emphyse'ma Scroti,
 from 0uo7igj, ' I insufflate,' and KtiXn, ' a  tumour.'
 An emphysematous tumour of the scrotum ; pro-
 bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much
 flatus.
   PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from tpvaata, < I inflate,'
 and KeipaXn, ' the head.' Physoceplialus.  Emphy-
 sematous tumefaction of the head.
   PHYSOC03LIA, Tympanites.
 ■  PHYSO'DES ;  from tpvaata,' I inflate,' and etios,
 'resemblance.' Full  of air;  apparently full of
 air — applied  to tumours, Ac.
   PHYSOMETRA,  Emphyse'ma  U'teri,  Hys-
 teroph'yee, Hysteropsoph'ia,  Hysteremphyse'ina,
 Hyetremphyee'ma, Metremphyee'ma, -Etta■upsoph'-
 ia  uteri'na,   Emphyse'ma   uterinum,   Injla'tio
 U'teri, Tym'pany of the  Womb,U'terine tympani-
 tes, from ipvaata, ' I inflate,' and pnrpa, ' the womb.
 A light,  tense, circumscribed protuberance in the
 hypogastrium, obscurely sonorous, with  wind
 occasionally discharged through the os  uteri.
   PHYSON, Flatulence.
   PHYSONCUS, Emphysema.
   PHYSOPSOPHTA;  from  tpvaata, 'I inflate,'
 and xpotpos, ' a noise.'  A discharge of  air with
 noise.
   PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta.
   PHYSOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax.
   PHYTIVOROUS, Phytophagous.
   PHYTOALOPECIA,  Porrigo decalvans.
   PHYTO-CHYMISTRY, see Chymistry.
   PHYTOLACCA DECAN'DRA, P.   vulgaris,
 Poke Weed, Amer'ican Night Shade, Cancer root,
 Poke,  Skoke, Jucato Cateloe, (?)  Jalap, Pigeon
 Berriea,  Jalap cancer root, Sola'num racemo'sum
 America'num, S.  magnum Virginia'iwin rubrum,
 Blitum America'num,  Garget, (F.) Raisin d'Ame-
 rique,  Phytolaqne  d  dix itamines, Morelle  en
 grappea,  Mechoacan du  Canada.   Family,  Che-
 nopodeae.  Sex. Syat. Decandria Decagynia.  The
 leaves, berries, and roots  are employed.  The
 young stems,  when boiled, are sometimes eaten
 at table ;  but when old,  they must be cautiously
 used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic.  It is
 most celebrated as a remedy in chronic  rheuma-
 tism ; and is given in the form of tincture of the
 ripe berries.   It is, also, used  in cutaneous erup-
 tions ; tinea capitis, itch, cancerous ulcers, Ac.
   The root is gathered and dried in the fall.
  PIlYTOLAQUE A DIX ETAMINES, Phy-
 tolacca decandra,
  PHYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical.
   PHYTOPH'AGOUS,  Phytoph'agua;  Phytiv'-
 oroua, Phytiv'orua;  from tpvrov,  'a plant,' and
 tpayta, ' I  eat.'  Feeding or  subsisting  on vege-
 tables.
  PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA, see Physiology.
   PHYTOSPERM'A,  (F.)  Phytosperme;  from
 tpvrov, 'a vegetable,' and aircppa,  'sperm.'  Par-
 ticles similar to the spermatozoids  of animals, ob-
 served in vegetables, and presumed to  possess a
 similar agenev in  reproduction.
   PHYTOTOMY, see Anatomy, (vegetable.)
   PHYTOZOON, Zoophyte.
   PIA MATER,  Pia seu mollie seu ten'uia Ma-
 ter,  Pia  meninx,  Meninx infe'rior, Meninx cho-
 ro'i'dea,  Inner lam'ina of the  Meningine,  (Ch.,)
 Membra'na vasculo'aa Cer'ebri, Membra'na  Cer'-
 ebri ten'uia seu  mollia  seu  pro'pria,  (F.)  Pie
 mire, Miningette.   The  pia mater is a very deli-
6 
PIAN
671
PILATIO
cate membrane, which  covers the  brain  imme-
diately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and
envelops, also, the cerebellum and the spinal pro-
longation,  Ac.   Bichat does not regard it as a
membrane, properly so called, but as a net-work
of blood-vessels,  united by a lax areolar tissue.
The Pin Mater exterior is the portion of mem-
brane which covers the exterior of  the encepha-
lon, and faces the  arachnoid externally.  The
Pia Mater interior is that which lines the cere-
bral fossae, into  which it penetrates by  a cleft
situate  between the posterior part of the corpus
callosum and the fornix;  and by two other As-
sures, situate between the corpora  fimbriata and
thalami nervorum  opticorum.  The pia  mater
contains a great number of granulations similar
to the  Glandula Pacchioni.
   Pia M ater  Testis, Tunica vasculosa—p. Me-
 ninx, P. Mater.
   PIAN, Frarabcesia.
   PIANS, MOTHER OF, Mama-pian.
   PIAR, Fat.
   PIARH-iE'MIA;  from  iriap,  'fat,'  and 'aipa,
 ' blood.'  Fat in  the blood. — Simon.
   PICA, Malacia—p. Africanorum, Chthonopha-
 gia.
   PICAC, Euphorbia corollata.
   PICACTSM'US,  Pied tio,  from pix,  'pitch.'
 Depilation by means  of a pitch plaster.   Also,
 Malacia.
   PICATIO, Malacia,  Picacismus.
   PICEA, Pinus abies.
   PICERION, Butter.
   PICHU'RIM  BEANS.  The seed of a tree,
 supposed to be Persea  pichurim, Oco'tea pichu'-
 rim, which grows in Brazil,  Guiana, Venezuela,
 and other  parts of South America.   They are of
 an  elliptical shape; flat on one side, convex on
 the other; of  an aromatic ouj^ur between that of
 nutmegs  and  sassafras, and of a spicy, pungent
 taste.  The  medical properties are the same as
 those of other aromatics.  For the bark, see Pe-
 churim cortex.
    PICKERELWEED, SHOVEL, Unisema del-
 tif'olia.
    PI COTE, Variola.
    PICOTEMENT, Pricking.
    PICR.ENA EXCELSA, Quassia.
    PICRIA, Bitterness.
    PICRIUM  SPICATUM, Contoubea alba.
    PICROCHOLOS, Bilious.
    PI'CROMEL, Bilin; from trtKpos, 'bitter,' and
 peXt, ' honey.'  A name  given  by  Thcinard to a
 colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bitter, sac-
 charine taste,  nauseous smell, and very soluble in
 water.
    It forms part of the bile, and is classed amongst
 the animal immediate  principles.
    PICROPE'G^E, from trtKpos, 'bitter,' and truyn,
 ' a spring.'  Mineral waters ; bitter from the pre-
 sence  of chloride of magnesium.
    PICROS, Amarus.
    PICROTOX'INE,   Picrotox'ina,  Picrotox'in,
 from   trtKpos,  ' bitter,'  and rol-ivov, ' poison.'  A
 vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay in the
 Mcnispernuin  Cocculus.  It crystallizes  in quad-
 rangular,  white, brilliant, semitransparent prisms ;
 which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts
 of alcohol, and in fifteen of boiling water.
    The Cocculus Indicus owes  its  poisonous pro-
  perties to this principle.
    PIE MERE, Pia mater.
    PIE-MERITE, Inflamma'tio pia matris.  A
  miserably compounded term, employed by M. Gri-
  solle, to express inflammation of the pia mater:—
  from  (F.) pie  mere, 'the pia mater,' and  ite, itis;
  a termination denoting inflammation.
  PIECE, Ijtaiatitis.
  PlECErMmNA TOM IE A R TIFICIELLES,
see Artificial.
  PIED, Pes—p. dAlexandre, Anthemis pyre-
thrum —p.  d'Alouette  des  champs,  Delphinium
consolida—p. Bot, see Kyllosis—p. de Chat, An-
tennaria dioica—p. de Cheval marin, Cornu am-
monis—p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helleborus
fcetidus—p. de Lion, Alchemilla—p. de Lit, Ori-
ganum—p. d'Oura, Acanthus mollis—p. Plat, see
Kyllosis—p. de Veau, Arum  maculatum—p. de
 Veau Triphylle, Arum triphyllum.
  PIEIRON, Fat,
  PIERRE, Calculus— p. d'Aigle, Mtites—p.
d'Azur, Lapis lazuli—p. Calaminaire, Calamine
—p. d Cautere, Potassa cum calce—p. Infernale,
Argenti nitras—p. Judaique, Judaeus (lapis) —
 p.  au Lait,  Morochthus—p.  Midicamenteuee,
Medicamentosus lapis—p.  Niphrltique, Nephre-
ticus lapis—p. Ponce, Pumex.
  PIER RES  CRA YE USES,  Calculi, arthritic
— p. au Fiel, Calculi, biliary — p.  Stercoralee,
 Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines—p. Uri-
naires, Calculi, urinary.
  PIESTER, Press.
  PIESTERION, Press.
  PIESTRON, from irte^ta, < I press.'  An instru-
 ment recommended by Hippocrates for breaking
 the bones of the foetal head when too large to be
 extracted otherwise.
  PIG AM ON JAUNATRE, Thalictron.
  PIGEON BERRIES, Phytolacca decaudra —
 p. Breasted, see Lordosis — p. Tree, Aralia spi-
 nosa.
  PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment.
  PIGMENTAL,  from pigmentum,  'paint.'
 Having relation to pigment or colouring matter.
   Pigmental Appara'tus,  (F.)  Appareil pig-
 mental.  The apparatus concerned in  the colora-
 tion of the skin of the coloured varieties of man.
 — Flourens.
   PIG MENT ARIUS, Apothecary, Unguentarius.
   PIGMENTUM, Paint—p. Indicum, Indigo—
 p.  Nigrum, see Choroid — p. Uracu, Terra  Or-
 leana.
   PIGMY, Pygmy.
   PIGNEROLE, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   PIGNON  DE BARBARIE, Jatropha curcas
 — p. d'lnde, Jatropha curcas.
   PIGNUT, Earthnut, Groundnut.  The bulbous
 root of Bu'nium Bulbocas'tanum.  Called pignuts,
 from the  fondness of  the pig for them.  They
 have been considered to possess a styptic quality;
 and are deemed serviceable in atonic affections
 of the kidney. — Hooper.
   Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
   PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suillus.
   PILA, Sphara, Ball.  A  gymnastic  exercise,
 much used by the ancients as well as moderns.—
 Galen.  Also, a mortar and a pestle—Ac'one.
   Pila, Mortar, Pillar — p.  Damarum, iEgagro-
 pila—p. Rupicaprarum, iEgagropila.
   Pila Mari'na, Sphara  Marina, Sphara Tha-
 las'sia,  Halcyo'nium  rotun'dum, (F.)  Pelote de
 Mer.   Certain light, round,  depressed, or oblong
 masses—inodorous and insipid—in which rushes,
 hairs, and the dibrie of shells are met with. These
 are found  on the  sea-shores, and have been re-
 garded by Spielmann as consisting chiefly of the
 roots of the Zoa'tera Mari'na seu Marit'ima, Alga
 Mari'na, Phucagros'tis minor.  Iodine is detected
 in  the ashes, which accounts for their success in
 goitre. They have, also, been  given as a vermifuge.
   PILARE' MALUM, Trichosis.
   PILATIO, from pilus,  ' a hair.'  Fracture of
 the .cranium  in which  the fissure is narrow,  and
 has the appearance of a hair—a cap' illary Jhsun,
 (F.) Faite capillaire. 
PILE                    672                  PILULA
  PILE, Hair.
  PILEA PUMI'LA, Richweed, Clearweed, Cool-
weed;  indigenous ;  Order, Urticacese ; flowering
from July to September; has  been used as a
wash in poisoning by Rhus.  It has a  strong,
grateful smell.
  PILEOLUM, Calotte.
  PILEOLUS, Caul,  Pileus.
  PI'LEOUS, Pilo'sus, Piloae, Pilona, (F.) Pileux.
That which relates  to the hair.  Hairy.
  Pileous  System of Bichat is that formed by
the hair.   It comprises the different species of
hair of the human body.
  PILES,  BLIND,  Caeca?  hoemorrhoides,  see
Haemorrhois.
  PILEUS, ' a hat, cap, or bonnet for the head.'
Pile'olua.  A shield.   A nipple-like  instrument,
formed of various materials,  and used by females
for protecting the nipple during the child's suck-
ing, when the part is painful.  Also, a caul.
  Pileus, Cucupha — p. Hippocraticus, Bonnet
d'Hippocratc.
  PILEUX, Pileous.
  PILEWORT,  Ranunculus acris, and R. ficaria.
  PILI CAPITIS, see Capillus —p. Cutis,  La-
nugo — p. Palpebrarum, Cilia — p. Pudendorum,
Pubes.
  FILTER, Pillar.
  PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis.
  PILL, Pilula—p. Abernethy's, see Pilulae  hy-
drargyri—p. of Aloes  and Camboge, Pilula? aloes
et cambogia?—p. of  Aloes and cinchona, Pilulae
aloes et kinae kinae — p. of Aloes  and colocynth,
Pilulae aloes  et  colocynthidis — p. of Aloes  and
fetid gums,  Pilula? de aloe et foetidis—p. of Aloes
and ginger, Pilulae aloes et zingiberis — p. Aloes
and myrrh, Pilulae aloes et niyrrha?—p.  Aloetic,
Pilula) aloeticae — p. Aloetic and assafoetida, Pi-
ltihv aloes et assafoetida?—p. Aloetic, compound,
 Pilulae aloes composita;—p. of Ammoniuret of
 copper, Pilulae ammoniureti cupri—p. Analeptic,
James's, see Analeptica — p. Anderson's, see Pi-
lulae aloes et jalapae—p. Anodyne, Pilulae opiatae
—p. Antibilious, Barclay's, Pilulae antibiliosae —
p.  Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilulae antibiliosae—p.
Asiatic, Pilulae  Asiatica — p. Assafetida, Pilulae
Assafostida?—p.  Bacher's, Pilula?  ex helleboro et
myrrha—p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossae pilulae—p.
 Barthez, see Pilulae aloes et myrrha?.
   Pill, Blair's.  An empirical  preparation of
colchicum, much used in England in cases of gout.
   Pill, Blaud's.  These pills, proposed by M.
 Blaud as antichlorotic, are formed as follows : —
 Take  of gum tragacanth, in powder, six grains;
 water, one drachm.  Macerate in a glass or por-
 celain  mortar, until  a thick mucilage is formed,
 and if it be desired  to prevent the formation of
 peroxide of iron, and to make the pill similar to
 those  of Vallet, substitute a drachm  of powdered
 sugar for the mucilage.   Add afterwards of eul-
 phate of iron, in powder, half an ounce.  Beat
 well until the mixture is  homogeneous,  and add
 subcarbonate of  potaae, half an ounce.   Beat un-
 til the mass becomes of a deep-green colour, and
 of a soft consistence.  Divide into 48 (?) pilft.
 Dose, one  a day; gradually increasing to  two,
 and afterwards to three.
   Pill, Blue, Pilulae hydrargyri—p.Brandreth's,
 Pilula? aloes et  cambogiae — p. Calomel, Pilulae
 hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis — p. Camboge, Pilula?
 cambogiae  compos.—p. Camboge,  compound, Pi-
 lulae cambogiae  compositae — p. of Carbonate of
 iron, Pilula? ferri carbonatis — p.  Cathartic, com-
 pound,  Pilula? cathartics? composita?—p. Com-
 mon,  Pilula? aloes et myrrha? — p. Dinner, see
 Pilula? aloes et kina?  kina?.
    Pill, Dinner, of Mr. Mayo. This is composed
 of P. Rhej. gr. iv; Soda Carb. gr. j.
  Pill,  Everlast'ing.   A pill  once in vogue,
and said to be composed of metallic antimony.
It was believed to have  the property of purging
as often as it was swallowed.   A lady  having
swallowed  one of these pills,  became  seriously
alarmed at its not passing.   " Madam," said her
physician,  " fear  not;  it  has  already passed
through a hundred patients  without any  diffi-
culty."— Paris.
  Pill,  Female, Pilulae de aloe et fcctidis — p.
Ferruginous,  of Vallet,  see Ferri protocarbonas
—p. Fothergill's, see Pilula? aloes et colocynthidis
— p. Frank's  see Pilulae aloes et kinas kina; —p.
Fuller's, see Pilulae  de aloe et foetidis — p. Gal-
bamjin, compound, Pilula? galbani composita? —
pt Griffitt's, see Pilula? rhej composita1—p. Gum,
Pilula? galbani composita? — p. of Hellebore  and
myrrh,  Pilula? ex helleboro et myrrha—p. Hoop-
er's, see Pilula? aloes  et myrrha?—p. of Iodide of
Iron, Pilulae  ferri iodidi—p. James's Aanaleptic,
see Analeptica — p.  Keyser's, see Hydrargyrus
aeetatus — p.  Lady Crespigny's, Piluhe  aloes  et
kina? kina?—p. Lady Hesketh's, see Pilula? aloes
et kinae kinae—p. Lady Webster's, Pilula? aloes
et kina? kina?.
   Pill, Lartigues', Pil'ula  Col'chici et Digi-
ta'lia.   (Ext.  Coloc.  c. 3SS i ^•rt- Bern.  Colchic.
alcoholic,  Extract. Digital, alcohol, aa  gr. iss; f.
massa in pilul. x dividend.)  Dose, two, three,  or
more, in the 24 hours, in gout.
   Pill Machine, Pilulier — p.  Matthews's, see
Pilula?  ex helleboro  et myrrha — p. Mercurial,
Pilula?  hydrargyri — p. of mild  chloride of Mer-
cury, Pilula; hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Mof-
fat's, Pilula?  aloes  et cambogia? — p. Morrison's,
Pilula?  aloes  et cambogia?, see Pilula? cambogia?
compositae—p. Moseley's, Pilula? rhej composita?
■—p. Night, common, Pilula? opiata? — p. Opiate,
Pilula?  opiata? —^w Peter's, see Pilula?  aloes  et
cambogia?—p. Plummer's, Pilula? hydrargyri sub-
muriatis composita? — p. of Sulphate of Quinia,
Pilula?  quinia? sulphatis—p. Red, Pilula? hydrar-
gyri submuriatis compositae—p. Red, Boerhaave's,
see Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum—p. of Rhu-
barb,  Pilula?  rhej — p.  of  Rhubarb, compound,
 Pilula? rhei composita?—p. Rufus's,  Pilula? aloes
et myrrha? — p. Rush's, see Pilula? aloes et cam-
bogia?— p. Scotch, Pilula? de aloe et foetidis—p.
 of Soap and opium, Pilula? saponis cum opio—p.
 Speediman's,  see Pilula?  aloes et myrrha? — p.
 Squill, compound, Pilula? scilla? composita?—p.
 Starkey's, see Pilulae ex helleboro et  myrrha —
 p. Storax, Pilula? e styrace—p. of Strychnia, Pi-
 lula? strychnia?—p. of Submuriate  of mercury,
 compound, Pilula? hydrargyri submuriatis compo-
 sita?—p. Tanjore,  Pilula?  Asiatics? — p.  Turpen-
 tine, Pilula? de terebinthina—p. Vallet's, see Ferri
 protocarbonas, and  Pilula?  ferri carbonatis — p.
 Webster's, Pilula? aloes et kina? kina?—p. Whytt's,
 see Pilula? de aloe et foetidis.
   PILLAR,  Pila,  Colum'na,  Columel'la, (F.)
 Pilier.  A name given to several parts; as the
 pillara of the velum palati, diaphragm, Ac.
   PIL ON, Pilum.
   PILOSELLA, Hieracium pilosella— p. Alpina,
 Hieracium pilosella.
   PILOSUS, Pileous.
   PILOUS,  Pileous.
   PIL'ULA, plural  Pilu'la. Diminutive of pila,
 ' a ball.'  Spharid'ion, Catapo'tion, Catop'otum,
 Spha'rion, Gongyl'ion, Gon'gylia, Gongylid'ium.
 A pill.  (F.)  Pilule.  A simple or compound me-
 dicine, weighing from one to five grains, of a firm
 consistence and spherical  form; intended  to be
 swallowed at once,  without chewing.   The Pill
 differs from the Bolua, the latter being softer and
 larger.
    Medicines  are often  given in the form of pill, 
PILULE
673
PILULE
on account of their disagreeable taste and odour.
Pilula, also, means a Pilular maaa.
  PILULjE EX ALOE, P. aloes composita?—p.
de Aloe et cambogia, P. aloes et cambogia?.
  Pilulae Aloes, /'. Aloet'ica, Pilula  ex Aloe et
Sapo'ne, Aloet'ic Pill, (F.) Pilulea d'uloea ou cilo-
itiquea.  (Aloea in pulv.; aaponia, sing. Z\ ; ayr.
q. s. to form 240 pills.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, gr. x
to xx, in habitual costiveness.
  Pilula Aloes et Assafce'tida, Aloetic and
Aaaaftrtida Pilla.   (Aloes, aasafoetida, aaponia,
^ng-  3ss ; aqua, q. s. to form 180 pills.— Ph. U.
S.)   Purgative and stomachic.   Dose,  gr. x.
  Pilule Aloes et  Cambo'gia, P. de Aloe et
Combo'gia,  P. Hydrargo'ga Bon'Hi, Pill of Aloea
and Gamboge.  (Aloea, cttmbog., gum. ammoniat.,
aa, p.  a?.  Make  into a powder.  Dissolve in vine-
gar ;  pass through a cloth ;  express the residuum
strongly; and afterwards  evaporate, in a water-
bath, to a pilular consistence. — Ph. P.)  Purga-
tive :  used in dropsy.   Dose, gr. xij to xxx.
  Peter'a Pills—a nostrum — are formed of aloea,
jalap,  acammony,  and camboge, of  each  equal
parts.
  The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called Hy-
giene Pills,  of  Brandreth'e Pilla, and Moffat's
Pills, is said to be aloes, with  camboge, scam-
mony, Ac.
  Rush's Pills were formed of calomel, aloes, and
camboge, with oil of mint.
  Pilule Aloes  et Colocyn'thidis,  P. ex  Co-
Incynth'ide cum  aloe, P. Aloes cum Colocynthide,
P. coc'cina, P. cocchii, P. colocyn'thidis compoa'-
ita, P. coccia mino'rea, Pill  of Aloea  and Colo-
cynth.  (Pulp, coloc. 3Sfi>  aloea hepat., acammon,
aa ^j ; atipini.fiiy. ol. ettryoph. ,"j ; ayrup. q. s.—
Ph. D.)  Cathartic.   Dose, gc. v to x or more.
  Foth'ergill'a Pilla consist of aloea, acammony,
colocynth, and oxide of antimony.
  Pilule Aloes Compos'ita, Pilula ex Aloe,
Compound Aloetic Pilla.  (Aloea apic. extract, cont.
i;j ; ext. gentiana, 3ssi °^e'  carui, gtt. xl; syr.
q. s. — Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called
Family pilla,  Antibilious pills, Ae.
  Pilula; de Aloe et Fce'tidis, P. Benedic'ta
Fulleri, Pill of aloes and fetid gums, Pilula ec-
phrac'tica,  Female pills, Pilula  aloes martia'les,
(F.) Pilules binites de Fuller. (Aloes socotr., sen-
na,  assafcetida, galbani,  aa ^ij ;  myrrh, £iv;
cruel, maris, aa ^j ', ferri sulphat. ^iss.   Reduce
to powder separately, and add ol. eucciii. gtt. viij;
syr. artemieia,  q. s. — Ph. P.)  Purgative, aud
given in hysteria.   Dose, gr. xv to xx.
   Whytt'a Pilla, given in similar cases, consisted
of chloride  of iron, aloes, extract of horehound,
and assafcetida.
  Pilula Aloes et Jalap'a, commonly oalled
Anderson's pills, Anderson's Scots' pills,  Scotch
pills.   (Aloes Barbad. Ibj;  roof, helleb. nigr.,
rail, jalapa,  potassa  subcarb. aa, 3*j ; ol. anisi,
5Jh' ;  syrup, simpl. q.  s. — Gray.)  Dose, gr. x
to xxx.
  A committee  of the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloes Bar-
btidens. 3\\iv; saponis, 3 iv j  eolocynthid. ^j ;
cambogia, ,^j : ol. anis. f^ss.
  Pilula Aloes et Kina Kin.*:. P. stomach'ica
P. ante cibum, Pill of aloes  and cinchona, (F.)
Pilules i/oiirmantlcs. (Aloes socotr. ^vj  ; ext. cin-
chon.  tT'i.i :  cinnam.  3J i syrup, abainth.  q. s.—
Ph. P.)  Stomaehio and laxative.  Dose,  gr. x
to xx.
  Lady Creepigny'e pills,  Lady Webster's pills,
Lady Hesketh's pills, and the Pilula stomach'ica
JU.sues (Ph. L. 1635), resemble these.
  Frank's pills, much employed, also, as  'dinner
pills,' or, — to use the langnage of the eccentric
Kitchener — as  'peptic perauudera,' are  said  to
      43
be much used, under the name Grainea de aanti,
in various parts of Europe.   They  consist of
aloea, jalap,  and rhubarb, with ayrup of worm-
wood as an excipient.
  Pilula  Aloes  Martiales, P. de aloe et foe-
tidis.
  Pilula Aloes et Myrrha, P. aloes cum myr-
rha, P. de aloe et myrrhd, Rnfus's  Or  Ruffus's
pills, Common pills,  Pilula Rufi seu Ruffi, P.
commu'nes, Pills of aloea and myrrh.  (Aloea, j^ij;
croct, in pulv. ^s.s; myrrh, 3*j ; ayr. q. s. to form
480 pills. — Ph.  U. S.)  Cathartic and emmena-
gogue.  Dose, gr.  x to xx.
  Hooper'a pills—possessed of similar properties
— according  to one of Gray's formula?, are made
as follows; Ferri aulph., aqua,  aa 3viij.  Dis-
solve.  Add aloes  Barbad. Ibij and :, viij ; canel-
la alba,  §vj ; gum myrrh, ^ij ;  opopanacis, giv.
The committee  of the Philadelphia  College of
Pharmacy recommend the following form : Aloes
Barbadenais, 5v''j ; ferri sulphatis exsiccat. 3*ij,
giss, vel ferri  sulph. crystal/. 5iv; ext. helleb.
nigr. 5jij ;  myrrh,  t^ij ; saponia, 3*ij ; canella, in
pulv. trita?, 3J ;  .zingib. in pulv. trita?, 3*j.
  Speediman'e pilla consist of aloea, myrrh, rhu-
barb, extract  of chamomile, and  essential oil of
chamomile; and the Pills of Barthez, of aloes,
myrrh, musk, camphor, and balsam of Peru.
  Pilula  de Aloe et Sapose, P. aloetica?.
  Pilula  Aloes  cum Zingib'ere, Pill  of aloes
and ginger.   (Aloea  hepat. 3J ',  rad.  zingib. in
pulv. 3J • sapon. Hiapan. gss ; ol.  cea. mentha pip.
^ss. —Ph. D.)  In habitual costiveness.  Dose,
gr.  x to xx.
  Pilula Ammoniure'ti  Cupri,  Pilla of Ammo-
niuret of copper, Pilula cupri, (F.) Pilulea d'am-
moniure de cuivre.  (Ammoniur.  cupri, in pulv.
ten. trif.  gr. xvj; mica pania, ^iv;  aqua carbo-
natia ammonia, q. s.  Beat  into  a mass, and di-
vide into xxxij pills. — Ph. E.)   Tonic and anti-
spasmodic, in epilepsy, Ac.   Dose, one pill twice
daily;  gradually increasing the dose.
  Pilula Ante Cibum, P. aloes  et kina? kina?.
  PlLULA Antibilio'sa,  Barclay'a Antibil'ioua
pills.  (Extract tie colocynth, ^ij : res?'?i of jalap,
)5J ;  almond soap, 3'*s j guaiac, ^iij ; emetic tart.
gr.  viij ;  oils of juni]>er, carraway, and rosemary,
ail iv drops;  syrup of buckthorn, q. s.  to form 64
pills.)  Dose, two or three.
  Dixon's  Antibilious pills  are formed of aloes,
acammony, rhubarb, and tartarized antimony.
  Pilula Antiherpetica, Pilula?  hydrargyri
submuriatis comp.—p. Antihysterica?, P. galbani
composite.
  Pilule Antiscrophulo's a, P. ex ox'ido atib'ii
et hydrar'gyri eulphure'to nigro compos'ita.   (P.
acammon.,  hydrarg. eulphur. nigr. aa 3*ij >  anti-
monii oxidi albi, milleped., aapon. amygdalin. aa
SJiij ; extract,  glycyrrh. 3*v.  Make into a mass.—
Ph. P.)  Dose gr. iv to xx.
  Pilula  Antispastica, P. galbani  composita?
— p. Assafcetida? compositae, P.  galbani compo-
sita?.
  PlLULJE AsiAT'lCA, Aeiat'icpilla, Tanjorepilla.
(Acid,  artenioa. gr. Iv; piper, nigr. pulv.  £ix;
acacia, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800.  Each pill contains
about one-fifteenth of a  grain of arsenious acid.
These pills are employed in India for the cure of
syphilis and elephantiasis.
  Pilula  Assafce'tida.  Assafet'ida pills.  (As-
safatid. §iss; saponia, ^ss.  Beat with water so
as to form a mass to be divided into 240 pills.—
Ph. U. S.)
  Pilula  Balsam'ica,  P.  Docto'ria  Morion.
(Milltped,  pulverisat. ^xviij ; gum. ammon. ,~xj:
acid, benzoic, gvj  ; eroti,  balsam. Peruv. afi t^j ;
balsam, aulph. uniaat.  ^yj. Mix.— Ph.  P.) Tonic,
expectorant, and balsamic. 
PILULiE
674
PILULE
  Pilule Benedicta  Fulleri,  P. de aloe et
foetidis.
  Pilula Cambo'gia Compos'ita, P. de guttd
gaman'dra, P. hydrago'ga, Gamboge pills, Pilula
gummi gutta aloet'ica,  Compound camboge pills,
(F.) Pilules de gomme gutte  compoaiea.  (Cambo-
gia  eontrita, aloea apicat. extrat. contriti., pulv.
cinnam. comp. sing, gj ; aaponia,  ^ij. — Ph. L.)
Cathartic.  Dose, gr. x to xx.
  Morrison's pilla are  said  by Dr. Paris to be
nothing more than  the above, with the addition
of a small portion of cream of tartar.
  Pil'ula Cathar'tica Compos'ita, Compound
cathartic  pills.   (Ext. colocynth. comp. in pulv.
3ss; ext.  jalapa, in pulv., hydrarg. chlorid. mit.
aa, 3T1J : gambog. in pulv. Qij.  M.  Form into a
mass with water, and make into 180 pills.— Ph.
U. S.)  Three for a dose.
  Pilula Cocchii,  P. aloes et colocynthidis—p.
Coceiae  minores, P. aloes  et colocynthidis — p.
Coceina?,  P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. Colchici
et digitalis, P. Lartigues'—p. Colocynthidis com-
posite,  P. aloes  et colocynthidis—p. ex Colocyn-
thide cum aloe,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis — p.
Communes, P. aloes et myrrha?—p. Cupri,  P.
ammoniureti cupri.
  Pilula Copa'iba, Pills of copaiba.  (Copaib.
3*ij;  magneaice,  recente pra?par. 3j.  Mix, and
set aside  till it concretes into a pilular mass, to
be divided into 200 pills.—Ph. U.  S.)  Each pill
contains nearly five  grains of. copaiba.  Two to
six for a dose.
  Pilula de Cvnoglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'pii.
(Pulv. rad. cynogloaa., aemin. hyoacyam. alb., ex-
tract, opiivinoa. aa^iv; pulv. myrrh. £vj ; oliban.
%v ; croci.,  caator., aa Jiss ;  ayrup  opii,  q. s.—
Ph. P.)   Anodyne.  In cough, Ac.  Dose, gr. iv
to gr. viij.
  Pilula Depurantes,  P.  hydrargyri submu-
riatis compos. — p.  Ecphracticse,  P. de aloe et
foetidis.
  Pilula Ferri Carbona'tis, Pilla of carbonate
of iron, Vallet'a  pilla, Vallet'a ferru'ginous pilla.
(Ferri aulph.  §viij ; aoda carbonat.  £x ;  Mel.
deepumaA 3"iij; sacehar. 3*ij ; aqua bullientie,Oij;
ayrup. q.  s.  Dissolve the  sulphate  of iron and
carbonate of soda, each in a pint of  the water,
and  to each solution add a fluidounce of syrup;
then mix  the two solutions in a bottle  just large
enough to contain them ; close it accurately with
a stopper, and set it by, that the carbonate of
iron  may subside.  Pour off the liquid, and having
washed the precipitate with warm water, sweet-
ened with syrup  in the proportion of f^j of the
latter to Oj of the former, until the washings no
longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel
cloth, and express as much water  as possible;
then  mix  it with the honey and sugar.  Lastly,
heat  the  mixture in a water-bath, until it at-
tains a pilular consistence. — Ph. U. S.)
  Pilula Ferri Compos'ita, Compound pilla of
iron,  Pilula ferri cum. myrrha,  (F.) Pilulea  de
fer compoaiea.   (Myrrh, in  pulv. 5Jij ', aoda aub-
carb., ferri aulph. aa Jj ;  ayrup,  q. s.  Mix, to
form 80 pills. — Ph.  U. S.)  Tonic.  Dose, gr.  x
to xx.
  Pilula Ferri Iod'idi, Pilla of iodide of iron.
(Ferri sulphat.  3"j; Potass,  iodid.  Qiv; traga-
canth. pulv. gr. x ; sacchar. pulv. £ss.  Beat  with
syrup into a mass, to form 40 pills. —Ph. U. S.)
Dose, one  to three, where a  tonic and eutraphic
is indicated.                            /
  Pilula Ferri cum Myrrha, P. Ferri compo-
site—p. Foetida?, P. galbani composita?.
  Pilula Gal'bani Compos'ita,  P. assafcetida
compos'ita, P.  fos'tida, P. gummo'sa, P. e gummi,
Compound gal'banum pill,  Pilula antispas'tica,
P. antihyster'ica, P. myrrha compos'ita,  Gum
pill.   (Galban., myrrha,  aa g"vj;  aaaaftrtida,
3Jij ; ayrup. q. s. to  form 240 pills.— Ph. II. S.)
Antispasmodic and  emmenagogue.  Dose, gr. x
to xx.
   Pilula Gummi,  P.  galbani  composite — p.
Gummi gutta? aloetica>, P. cambogia? compositie
— p.  Gummosa?, P. galbani composita? — p. de
Gutta gamandra, P.  catnbogia? composita?.
   Pilula ex Helleb'oro et Myrrha,  P. ton'-
ica, Bacher'a pilla,  Tonic pilla of Bacher, Pills
of hellebore and myrrh.    (Ext.  helleb.  nig.,
myrrh,  aa 3*j;  fol. cardui  benedict, in  pulv.
giij-  M.— Ph. P.)   Tonic  and  emmenagogue.
In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affections.
Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij.
   Matthewe'e pills, — Starkey'e pills, are formed
of rad. helleb. nigr., rad. glycyrrh., aapon. Caatill.,
rad. curcuma, opii purifi, ayrup.  croci,  aa^iv;
ol. tereb. q. s. ut fiat  massa. — Gray.
   Pilula  Hydragoga,  P.  cambogia?  compo-
sita?—p. Hydragoga? Bontii, Pilula? aloes et cam-
bogiae.
   Pilula  Hydrar'gyri, P. mercuridles, Mer-
curial pill, Blue pill,  (F.)  Pilules  de Mercure.
(Hydrarg. purif. 3J : canf. rosa, 3'ss > 9^yyrru-
pulv.  3'ss.  Rub the quicksilver with the confec-
tion, until  the globules disappear; then  add the
liquorice powder, and beat the whole into a uni-
form mass, to be divided into 480 pills.— Ph. U.
S.) Antisyphilitic;  mercurial;—in large doses,
purgative.
  A purgative pill, much prescribed by  Mr. Aber-
nethy, and called Abernethy'a pill, consisted of
pil. hydrarg. gr. x ; jalap, pulv.  gr. xx; ayrup
rhomni, q. s. ut fiant pil. vj.  Two were given at
night, and the next morning a wineglassful of
infusum senna.
  Pilula  Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi Mitis, Pills
of mild  chloride  of mercury, Calomel pills.  (Hy-
drarg. chlorid. mit.  3*ss; acacia, in  pulv. Jj ;
syrup, q. s. ut fiant pil.  240.—Ph. U. S.)  Each
pill contains one grain.
  Pilula  de   Hydrargyro, Scammo'nio  et
Aloe, vulgo Mercuria'les,  (F.) Pilules Mer-
curielles ou de* Mercure,  Scammonie  et Aloea.
(Hydrarg. purif. 3*j ; mellie,  3%xj.  Rub until the
globules disappear;  then add aloea Socot., acam-
mon. aa ^ij ; macia,  cinnam.  aa SJij-  Make into
a  mass. — Ph. P.)   Uaee, same  as the last,  but
they are more purgative.  Dose, gr. viij  to xxx.
These pills are  nearly the same as the Paatillea
de Renaudot.
  Pilula ex Hydrargyro Muriatico miti cum
Sulphure Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilula?  hydrar-
gyri submuriatis compositae.
  Pilula  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis Compos-
ita, Pilula ex etib'io et hydrar'gyro, P. antiher-
pet'ica, P. ex  hydrargyro  muriat'ico miti cum
sul'phure etibia'to auriantiac.o, P. reaolven'tea cum
mercurio,  P. depurcintea, P. hydrargyri submu-
riatis, Compound pills of aubmuriate of mercury,
Calomel pilla, Plummer'a pilla, Red pill.  (Hy-
drarg. aubmur., antimon. sulphur, precipitat. sing.
3"ij ; guaiac. gum resin, contrit. £iv; spirit  rect.
3"ss.  Beat together.— Ph. L.)  Mercurial, and
reputed to be diaphoretic and alterative.  Dose,
gr. v to x.
  Leake's pilula aaluta'ria resembles  these.  It
is-used in syphilis.
  Pilula  Mercuriales,  P. hydrargyri, P. de
hydrargyro, scammonio et aloe—p. Doctoris Mor-
ton, P.  balsamicas — p.  Myrrha?   composita?, P.
Galbani composita?.
  Pilula Opia'ta,  P. Thebdica, Opiate pilla,
Common night pilla, Anodyne pilla, Nepen'thea opi-
a'tum, (F.) Pilules  opiaciea.  (Opii,  p. 1;  ext,
glycyrrh. p. 7 ; fmct. myrt. piment. p. 2.  Mix.—
Ph. E.)  Five grains contain gr. ss of  opium. 
PILULAR
PIMPINELLA
     Pilula Opii, P. saponis cum opio-p. de Ex-
  tract opii, P. de cy„oglosso_p. ex Oxido stibii
  et hydrargyri sulphureto nigro composita?, Pilula?
  ant.scro),hulosu?_p. Resolventes cum mercurio,
  y. hydrargyri submuriatis compos. —p. de Rha-
  bartiaro, Pilula; rhei composita?.
     The stomachic  nostrum, sold under  the  name
  01 Moseley a pills, consists  merely of rhubarb and
  ginger.
     Pilula Qui'nia Sulpha'tis, Pilla of eulphate
  of qutiiia.  (Quin. aulph.  ^j; acacia,  in  pulv.
  3ij; mel.q. s. ut fiant pilula? 480.—Ph. U. S  Each
  pill contains a grain of the sulphate of quinia.
     .Pilula Rhej, Pills of rhubarb.  (Rhej,  pulv
  9V? '  *'7"»'<*, 3'J-  M- et fiant pil.  120. —Ph. U.
  S.)  Each pill contains three grains of rhubarb.
    1 ilula Rhei Compos'ita, P. de Rhabar'baro,
  Compound rhubarb pilla.  (Rhei,  pulv. 5j ; aloea,
  pulv 3-vj; mgn-h. pulv. ^iy; ol. mentha pip.  f Zss.
  Jtfeat  into a mass, with ayrup of orange-peel, to
  form 240 pills.-Ph.  U. S.)   Laxative and sto-
  machic.  Dose, gr. x  to xx.
    Griffitt'a pilh, so called after Dr.  S. P. Griffitfs
  of Philadelphia, who  prescribed  them as a  tonic
  aperient, were formed as  follows : — Rhej, pulv
  3iss ; ferri sulph. &S; aaponia, J)ij ;  nqua, q. s.
  ut hat massa in pil. xl dividenda.  Dose, three or
  four at bedtime.
    Pilula Rufi, P. aloes et myrrha? —p. Salu-
  tariae, Leake's, see  Pilula? hydrargyri submuriatis
  composita? —p. Saponacea?, P. saponis cum opio
  — p. Saponis composita?, P. saponis cum opio.
    Pilula  Sapo'nis cum  O'pio,  P. aapondcea,
  fills of soap and opium, P. sapo'nis compos'ita,
  (F.) Pilules de saron  et d'opium.  (Opii,  Sss •
  sapon § ij.  M.—Ph. U. S.) Five grains contain
  one of opium.
    The Pharmacopoeia  of the United States has a
  form for the Pilula opii,  Opium pills, as well as
  for the Pilula saponis  composita ; the only differ-
  ence between them being in the proportion of the
  ingredients.   The  following is the formula for
  the Pilula? opii :—Opii, pulv. 3J ; saponis, gr. xij.
  Beat with water into a mass to form 60 pills.
    Pilula e Scilla, P. scilla? composita?.
    Pilula Scilla Compos'ita, P. ecillit'ica, P.
  scilla cum zinzib'ere, P. e ecilld, Compound equill
  pill.  (Scilla, pulv. 3J ; zingib. pulv.,  ammoniac.
  pulv. aa gij ; aaponia, giij  ; ayrup.  q. s. ut fiant
  pil. 120. —Ph. U. S.)   Dose, two pills.  Expec-
  torant and diuretic.  Dose,  gr. x to  xx.
    Pilula Scilla cum Zingibere, P. scilla? com-
  posita?—p. Scillitica?, P. scilla? composita?—p. ex
  Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri submur. com-
 pos.—p. Stomachica?, P. aloes  et kina? kina?.
   Pilula Strych'nla, Pilla of Strychnia. (Very
 pure strychnine, 2  gr.;  conserve  of roaee,  Zss.
 Make into 24 pills.)  One or two for a dose.
   Pilula  e Sty'race, Storax Pilla.  (Styraeia
 P"r- 3jjj> opii purif, mel/ia,  croci, sing. 3J.   Ph.
 D.)  Six grains contain one of opium.
   Pilula Sublinguales, Hypoglottides.
   Pilula de Terebin'thina, Turpentine Pilla.
 Made of turpentine boiled in 3 times its weight
 of  water, until, when thrown into cold water^ it
 forms a  soft paste, which  has the properties of
 turpentine, and has been administered in gleet,
 Ac.
  Pilula Thebaicae, P. opiata?—p. Tonica?, P.
 ex  Helleboro et myrrha.
  PIL'ULAR, Piluldria; from pilula, 'a pill.'
 Relating to pills,—as 'a pilular mass,' 'pilular
 form,' Ac.
  PILULES, Pilula?—p. Agrigatives, see Aggre-
gate—p. dAloea ou aloitiquea, Pilula? aloetica?—
 p. d'Ammoniure de  cuivre,  Pilula? ammoniureti
cupri—p. Binites de Fuller, Pilula?  de  aloe et
foetidis—p. de Fer composiea, Pilula? ferri compo-
   sita?—p. Ferruginettses de Vallet, see Ferri proto-
   carbonas—p. Gourmandes, Pilulae  aloes et kinas
   kinae—p. de Mercure, Pilula? hydrargyri—p. de
   Mercure, Ac, Pilula? de hydrargyro, et scammo-
   nio et aloe—p. Mercuriellcs,  Pilula?  de hydrar-
   gyro, scammonio  et aloe— p. Opiacies,  Pilula?
   opiata?—p. de Savon et dOpium, Pilula? saponis
   cum opio.
    PILULIER  (F.) Pill Machine.  An  instru-
   ment invented by the Germans for rolling and
   dividing pills.   Also, the earthen  pot in which
   pills are preserved.
    PILUM,  Pistiilus, Pistillum, Hyp'eros, Cer'-
   cis, (F.) .Pi7o7i.   A pestle.   A wooden, iron, bell-
   metal, marble,  agate, porcelain, or glass instru-
   ment for  beating  or dividing  substances in a
   mortar.
    A  spring pestle is one  attached  above to a
  spring,  so  as to take off the weight, and thus
  lessen the labour of pounding.
    PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair.
    PIMELE, Fat.
    PIMELECCHYSIS, Pimelorrhcea.
    PIMELICUS, Fatty.
    PIMELITIS, from trtpcXn, 'fat,' and itis, de-
  noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the adi-
  pous tissue.
    PIMELODES, Fatty.
    PIMELO'MA,  from   trtpeXn,  'fat.'   A  fatty
  swelling.
    PIMELORRHCE'A,P777ie?ee'c/iys7's, from trtpcXr,,
  'fat,' and peta, 'I flow.'   A morbid discharge or
  disappearance of fat.
    PIMELORTHOPNCE'A, Piorthopnce'a;  from
  tripeXn,  'fat,' opdos,  'upright,'  and  trveeiv,  'to
  breathe.'   Dyspncea, practicable  only in the erect
  attitude, owing to fat.
    PIMELO'SIS, Obes'itas  nim'ia, from irtpeXn,
  'fat.'  Conversion into, or formation of, fat,— as
  Pimelo'sis  hepat'ica, 'fatty degeneration of the
  liver.'                             j
    Pimelosis Hepatica,  Adiposis Hepatica — p.
  Nirnia, see Polysarcia.
    PIMENT, Capsicum annuum—p. Royal, My-
  rica gale.
    PIMENTA, see Myrtus pimenta.
    PIMENTO BACCtE, see  Myrtus pimenta.
    PIMENTO, see Myrtus pimenta.
    PIMIACULA, Labia pudendi.
    PIMPERNEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriflora
 —p. Red, Anagallis—p. Scarlet, Anagallis arven-
 sis—p. Water, Veronica beccabunga.
    PIMPILIM, Piper longum.
   PIMPINEL, see  Pimpinella—p. Italian, San-
 guisorba officinalis.
   PIMPINELLA ALBA, P. saxifraga —p. An-
 gelica?folia, Ligusticum podagraria.
   Pimpinel'la  Ani'sum,  Anise plant,  Anisum
 A. officina'le seu vulgdre, Sison ani'sum, A'pium
 ani'sum,  Soldmen intestino'rum,  Ane'sum, (F.)
 Aril's.  Family, Umbellifera?.  Sex. Syst. Pentan-
 dria Digynia.  A native  of Egypt.   The seeds
 Ani'aum,  (Ph. U. S.)  Sem'ina  Anisi,  An'iseed,
 have  an aromatic odour;  and a sweetish, warm
 grateful taste. They are  carminative, and  used
 in  dyspepsia  and in  tormina of infants.  Dose
 gr. xv to 3j, bruised.   The oil,—Oleum Asia',',
 (F.) Huile d'anis—is  officinal.  Dose,  gtt. v to
 xv.  Most of the  oil  used in this  country under
 the name of  Oil of Aniee  is said  to be obtained
 from Illicium Anisatum.
   Pimpinella, Greater, P. magna—p. Hircina,
 P. Saxifraga—p. Laterifolia, Sion ammi.
   Pimpinel'la Magna seu nigra seu 7770-jbr sea
 rut-ra; Greater Pimpinel'la; Tragose/inum mag-
num seu majus, Daucus, Cyan'opiie, (F.) Boucage
majeur.  The root has been extolled as  diuretic 
                  PIMPLE

and resolvent, as well as in erysipelatous ulcera-
tions, tinea capitis, rheumatism, Ac.
  Pimpinella Major, P. magna—p. Nigra, P.
magna—p. Nostras, P. saxifraga—p.  Officinalis,
Sanguisorba officinalis—p. Rubra, P. magna.
  Pimpinella Saxif'raga, Sax'ifrage, Burnet
sax' if rage, Pole'rium  aanguieor'ba, Sorbaatrel'la,
TrogoieH'num, T. aaxif'raga, Pimpinel'la hircina
seu umbcllif era seu  alba seu nostras, (F.) Bou-
cage mineur, Petit B., Pimprenelte.   The root has
an unpleasant smell,  and hot, pungent, bitterish
taste.  It has been recommended as a stomachic;
and  as  a stimulating gargle in paralysis of the
tongue.
  Pimpinella Umbellifera, P. saxifraga.
  PIMPLE, Papula.
  PIMPLED, Papulose.
  PIMPRENELLE, PimpineUa saxifraga— p.
Noire, Sanguisorba officinalis.
  PIN.   Perhaps  from pennum, low  Latin; or
from spiina ;  Spina fer'rea, Acua capita'ta, (F.)
Epingle.  An iron or brass instrument, generally
of a  small size, pointed at one extremity, and
having a head at the  other.   It is used, in Sur-
gery, to fix rollers and dressings;  and occasion-
ally  in sutures.
  PIN A PIGNON, see Pinus picea.
  PINASTELLUM, Peueedanum.
  PINASTER, Pinus sylvestris.
  PINCE, Pinched.
  PINCE LITHODRASSIQUE, see Litho-
drassic.  f
  PINCEE,  Pugillus.
  PINCERS, Forceps.
  PINCE T TES, Forceps.
  PINCHED, Contrac'tua, (F.)  Pinci,  Grippi.
An epithet applied to the .face, when the features
are contracted or shrunken; as in violent abdo-
minal affections, or during intense pain.
  PINCKNE'YA  PUBENS, P. Pubea'cene,
Georgia Bark, Bitter Bark, Florida Bark, Fever
tree.  This bark has been used in Georgia in the
cure  of intermittents, and successfully.  It is a
powerful bitter.  Dose of the powder, 3"j.
  PINDAR S, Arachis Hypogea.
  PINE APPLE, Bromelia ananas—-p. Apher-
nousli, Pinus cembra — p. Ground, Lycopodium
complanatum—p. Ground, stinking, Camphoros-
ma Monspeliaca—p. Mountain, see Pinos mughos
—p. Mugho, see Pinus mughos — p. Sap, Ameri-
can,  Hypopitys lanuginosa—p. Stone,  Pinus pi-
nea—p. Sugar, see Arrow Root.
  PINEA, Pinus pinea.
  PINE'AL,  Pinedlia,  from pinua,  'a pine.'
That which resembles a pine-apple.
  Pineal  Gland, Glandula pinedlia,  Cerebral
epiph'ysis, Condrium, Conoi'dea  corpua, Penia
cer'ebri,  Corpua turbindtum,  Virga seu  Turbo
cer'ebri, is a small body, of a conical shape; pale
red or grayish colour; and soft consistence; situ-
ate between the fornix and the tubereula quadri-
gemina.   It almost always contains sabulous par-
ticles, Sab'ulum cona'rii:  when these are grouped
together over the  base of the gland, they form
the Acer'vidua Cer'ebri of  Sommering, A. seu
Lapil'U glan'dula pinedlia.  From its anterior
part  arise two medullary stria?, which proceed
over the posterior  commissure; coast along the
optic, chaiarxi, and  unite at the anterior pillar of
thfc fornix,— the hobe'nm or reina of the pineal
gland.
  The uses of the pineal  gland are unknown.
Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul!
  PINEI, see Pinus pinea.
  PINEOLI, see Pinus pinea.
  PINEUS PURGANS,  Jatropha curcas.
  PINGUECULA, Pteryg'iuni pingue  seu lar-
6                   PINUS

da'ceum, from pinguis,  'fat,' 'fatty.'   A small,
whitish-yellow tumour in the  sclerotic conjunc-
tiva and subjacent  areolar tissue, close to the
margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal
side; so called from  its  being supposed, but erro-
neously, to be of a fatty nature.
  PINGUE'DO, Fat—p. Renalis, Nephridion.
  PINGUIC'ULA VULGA'RIS, P. alpina, Sa-
nic'ula monta'na, S.  Eboracen'sia,  Viola palue'-
trie, Dodecath'eon Plin'ii, Butter-wort,  Yorkahire
San'icle.  Family, Personnea?.   Sex. Syst. Dian-
dria Monogynia.  The  unctuosity  of this  plant
has caused it to be applied to chaps, and as a po-
matum to the hair.  Decoctions of  the leaves, in
broths, are used by the  common people in Wales
as a cathartic.
  PINGUID, Fatty.
  PINGUIDINOUS, Fatty.
  PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin.
  PINGUITUDO, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PINHOLE PUPIL,  see Pupil, pinhole.
  PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas.
  PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica.
  Pink Dye.  Stripped aafliowcr, gj, subcarb. of
potass, gr. xviij, spirit,  of wine  SJvij ;  digest  for
two hours ; add distilled water 3*ij :  digest for two
hours  more, and add distilled vinegar or  lemon
juice q. s., to  reduce  it to a fine rose-colour.  Used
as a cosmetic.
  Pink, Ground, Silene Virginica — p.  Indian,
Spigelia Marilandica—p. Wild, Silene Virginica.
  PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear—p. Marina,

  PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURALIS,
Uvula.
  PINNiE HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver —p.
Naris, see Nasus.
  PINNULA, Aileron.
  PINNULE HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver.
  PINO'LI.  (S.) A  preparation used for subsist-
ence on long journeys in the West.  It is parched
corn, beaten or ground  very fine, and sweetened
with sugar, to be used with water,  and drunk on
the march.  It is the cold flour of the Indians,
and early Western pioneers.
  PINONCILLO TRBE, Castiliognia lobata.
  PINUS  A'BIES,  P.  exce'lea seu ;;i'cea, A'biea,
Abiea rubra seu excelaa  seu picea, El'ate thelei'a,
Pice'a,  Norway  Spruce  Fir,  Yew-leaved Fir.
Nat. Ord. Coniferae.   Sex. Syat. Moncecia Mona-
delphia.  The tops  are used  in making Spruct
Beer.
  Eaaence of Spruce, Eesen'tia Abie'tis, is a fluid
extract, prepared by decoction from the twigs of
this species of fir.  From this  is  made Spruce
Beer.
  This fir affords the Burgundy pitch and  com-
mon frankincense.  1.  Bur'gundy  Pitch, White
pitch,  Pix Burgun'dica, Pix alba, Resi'na  abie'-
tis  hu'mida, Resi'na alba humida,  Pini abie'tis
resina sponte concre'ta, Pix ar'ida, Pix abietina,
P. abietia (Ph. U. S.,)  (F.) Poix  blanche,  Poix
graeee, P. jaune,  P. de  Bourgogne.  This pre-
pared  concrete juice is of a close consistence,
rather soft, of a  reddish-brown colour, and not
unpleasant smell.  It is very adhesive to the
skin ;  and, consequently, forms excellent plasters
for remaining upon the part for some time; — as
in  cases of affections of the  chest.  2. Abie'tis
Reai'na, (Ph. L.  since  1809.)   Thua, Common
Frankincenae, Perroain,  Thua fcemini'num, T.
vulgdre, Olib'anum vulgare seu eylvea'tre, Reaina
abietia  aicca,  Reain of the Spruce Fir.  It is
solid,  dry, brittle; externally, brownish-yellow;
internally, whitish.   Used  in  plasters like  the
last.
  Pinus Abies,  see P. picea,—p. Alba, P. picea.
  Pinus Balsame'a, A'bies balmme'a seu bal-
6 
PINUS
677
PIPER
samif'era, Peu'cea bafsame'a.   The tree which
affords  the  Canada  Balaam, Baleamnm Cana
                      ._ purest turp___
 has the common properties of those substances.
   Pinus  Canaden'sis, Abies Canndedaia, Hem-
 lock Spruce.  A tree, which is  abundant in Ca-
 nada, Nova Scotia, and the more  northern parts
 of New  England, and is found in  the  elevated
 and mountainous regions of the  Middle States.
 The pitch—Pix Canadensis, Canada Pitch, Hem-
 lock Pitch—obtained from it is commonly known
 under the name Hemlock Gum.
   Pinus  Candicans, P.  Picea.
   Pinus  Cembra,  P.  Montdna,  Aphernous'li
 Pine.   It yields  an agreeably scented turpen-
 tine:-—the Carpa'thian Balsam, Bal'samum Car-
 patliicum,  B.  Lib'ani,  Car path! icum, Briancon
 Tur'pentine.  The nuts, Ccmbro nuts, Nu'dei Cem-
 bra, have an  eatable kernel, and yield oil.  The
 shoots yield Riga Balsam by distillation.
   Pinus  Damar'ra, Ag'athis Damarra,.grows in
 the East  India Islands.   The juice speedily con-
 cretes into a very hard resin,—the Damarra tur-
 pentine.
   Pinus Excelsa, P.  abies—p.  Gallica, P. picea.
   Pinus  Larix  A'bies larix, Larix, L.  commu'-
 nia seu decid'ua seu Europa'a seu pyramiddlis.
 The Larch, (F.) Meleze.  From this tree exudes
 Or'emberg gum, Briancon manna, Gummi lar'icis
 seu Oremburgen'se seu Uralcn'se, Manna Brigan-
 tina seu  larice'a.  It also yields, by boring, Com-
 mon Venice  Turpentine, Resina Lar'icis,  Terebin-
 thina Ven'eta  seu laricina, Pini Lar'icis resina
 liq'uida,  (F.)  Tiribenthine  de Vinise, M. de Me-
 leze.   It  is usually thinner than the other sorts
 of turpentine.
   Pinus Mughos.  The Mountain or Mugho Pine,
 Pinus Pumil'io.  From  the extremities of the
 branches exudes the  Resina Strobilina, of the
 Germans, or Hungarian Balsam.  It is  also ob-
 tained, by expression, from the cones.  By dis-
 tillation, the Hungarian balsam affords the Krum-
 holz oil,  Oleum Templinum.
   Pinus  Palustris, see Pinus sylvestris.
   Pinus  Pice'a, P.  Abies, A'bies,  A. pice'a
 seu pectindta seu Gal'lica seu  alba seu can'di-
 cans  seu  vulga'ris seu taxifo'lia, European Sil-
 ver Fir  Tree, El'ate,  (F.)  Sapin commun.   By
 piercing the tubercle* of the bark of this fir, the
 Strasburg Turpentine is obtained: — the Resina
 Abie'tis, (Ph.  L. before 1809,) Oleum Abietis, Te-
 rebinth'ina Argentoraten'sis.
   Pinus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris.
   Pinus  Pi'nea,  Stone  Pine, Pinea, Pinus,  P.
 uber'rima seu sativa.   The nuts,  Zirbel nuts,
 Pine nuts, Nu'clei Pinea, Pinci, Pine'oli, (¥.)
 Pin d pignona, are eaten  raw, or  preserved like
 almonds.   They are, also, used in  emulsions.
   Pinus Pumilio, see Pinus Mughos—p. Sativa,
 P. pinea.
   Pinus  Sylves'tris, Pinas'ter, Pence, Scotch
 Fir.  This  pine, as well as P. marit'ima, (P.
 Pinaster) and  other  species Of  Pinus,  affords
 common  turpentine and  its oil, resin, tar, and
 pitch.   1. Common Turpentine  of Europe, Tere-
 binth' ina, T. vulga'ris,  T. commit'nis, Resina pini,
 Bijon, Horse  Turpentine, Bordeaux  Turpentine,
 (F.) Tiribinthine de Bordeaux; Tiribinthine com-
 mune,  is  obtained by  wounding the tree in hot
 weather.  It is  used,  chiefly, as a  dressing for
wounds, Ac, in horses, and for the distillation  of
the oil, (see  Oleum Terebinthinas.)  The white
 Turpentine,  or C0111771077, Turpentine of America—
 Terebinth'ina,  Ph.  U.  S. — is produced chiefly
from Pinus palustris and  P. tada, and perhaps
 from  other  species  inhabiting  the  Southern
 States.  When  the oil  is distilled with water,
 yellow resin, or Rosin, (Resi'na, Ph. U. S.) — Re-
 sina flava—is left, which is only used in the form-
 ation of ointments and plasters :  if without 'the
 addition of water, the residuum is common resin
 or Colophony.  2. When the cold begins to cheek
 the exudation of  the common  turpentine,  part of
 it concretes  in the wounds.   This is called, in
 France, Gallipot, Barras; and White Rosin, Re-
 sina alba, when hardened after long exposure to
 the  air.  3. AVhen the old trees are subjected to
 distillation, in a coarse  manner, Tar  is obtained
 — Hygropissos, Pissa, Pix ce'dria, Resi'na pini
 empyreumat'ica  liq'uida, Terebinth'ina empyreu-
 mat'ica,  Alchitram, Alchitu'ra, Ccdria, Pix  li-
 quida, (F.) Goudron, Brai. liquide.  Tar water,
 Aqua  Picea,  A.  Picis,  Infu'sum Picis liq'uida
 seu  Picis empyreumatica liquida, Po'tio  pice'a,
 (F.) Eau de  Goudron,  was, at one time, a fa-
 shionable remedy in numerous complaints, and
 its  use has been revived, since its virtues have
 been presumed to be owing  to creasote.  It is
 employed chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections, and
 the vapour has been recommended  in phthisis
 and other diseases of the lungs.  It is used ex-
 ternally as a  detergent.   4. Common Pitch, Pix
 nigra, Black Pitch, Burnea, Burnia, Stone Pitch,
 Pix sicca,  P. atra, P.  nava'lis, 1'opissa,  Paliin-
 pis'sa, P. ar'ida  (Ph. L. before 1S09), (F.) Poix
 navale, P. noire,  is obtained  by inspissating tar.
 It is used only as a resolvent in plasters.
  Pinus Tada, see P.  sylvestris — p. Taxifolia,
 P. picea — p. Uberrima,  Pinus pinea—p.  Yulga-
 ris, P. picea.
  PIONE, Pasonia.
  PIONYr, Pa?onia.
  PIORTHOPNOEA, Piraelorthopnoea.
  PIOULQUES, (F.)  A kind of sucking-pump,
 invented by Louis, for extracting water that had
 entered internal  cavities, in  cases  of drowning.
 A useless instrument.
  PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora.
  PIPER, see Piper nigrum.
  Piper Album  Leucopiper,  White Pepper, is
 black pepper freed from its cuticle.
  Piper AuGUSTiFOLiUM,Matico—p. Aromaticum,
 P. nigrum—p. Betel, Betel—p. Brazilianum,Capsi-
 cum annuum—p. Calecuticum, Capsicum annuum.
  Piper Capen'se, a South African species, has
 all the properties of the peppers, and, in appear-
 ance  and taste,  greatly  resembles cubebs.   It
 possesses, too, similar virtues.
  Piper Caryophyllatum, see Myrtus pimenta
 —p. Caudatum, P. cubeba—p. Chiapa?, see Myr-
 tus  pimenta.
  Piper Cubeb'a, Per'sea cubeba, Laurus cubeba,
 Litsaa cubeba seu piperita.  A native of Java
 and Guinea.   The odour  of these berries— Cu-
 beba, Com'peper, Compcba, Gubal sini, Piper cau-
 dtitum, Bacca  Piperis  glabri,  Cubeb Pepper,
 Tailed Pepper, Cuma'mus, (F.) Poivrc-d-queue,
 Quabebe — is aromatic;  taste at first cooling, af-
 terwards pungent.  The  active principle is an
 essential oil — Oleum Cubeba, oil  of cubebs —
 which is officinal in the Pharm. U. S.  The pro-
 perties of the cubeb are stimulant and purgative.
 It is used only in gonorrhoea,   Dose, from ^j to
 g-j, in powder, three or four times a day;  of the
 volatile oil, 10 or  12 drops.
  ' Turkey yellow berries,'—the dried fruit of the
 Rhamnus Catharticus — are often substituted for
 cubebs.
  Piper Guineense, Capsicum annuum—p. His-
panicum, Capsicum—p. Indicum, Capsicum an-
nuum—p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus pimenta.  ■
  Piper  Longum, Macrop'iper, Acapat'li, Catu
trip'ali, Pim'pilim, Long  Pepper,  (F.) Poivre 
PIPERINA
678
PIT
long.  As we receive the berries, they consist of
the unripe fruit dried in the sun; and are small,
round grains, disj osed spirally on a cylindrical
receptacle. They are stimulant, carminative, and
tonic, like the  other peppers.  Dose, gr. v to 9j.
  Piper Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum — p.
Murale, Sedum.  ,
  Piper Methisticum, see Ava.
  Piper  Nigrum,  Melanop'iper,  Molagoco'di,
Lada,  Piper  aromat'icum,  Piper (Ph.  U.  S.),
Black  Pepper, (F.) Poivre noir.   Black pepper
is  the unripe  fruit  dried in the sun.   Virtues,
same as those  of the other peppers.
  Piper  Odoratum  Jamaicense, see  Myrtus
pimenta—p. Tabascum, see Myrtus pimenta—p.
Turcicum, Capsicum annuum.
  PIPERI'NA,  Piperinum, Pip'erine, Piperin.
A  resinoid  substance, obtained froln  the piper
nigrum by M. GErstadt,  in  which a part of the
virtues of the pepper resides.  It has  been em-
ployed, like the quinia, in intermittents, and suc-
cessfully.
  PIP'EROID,  Pipero'i'dum,  Zingib'erin.   A
yellow syrupy mass obtained by exhausting gin-
ger root by ether.  It is soluble in ether, alcohol,
and oils, and may be given in tincture, sugar,
lozenge, or syrup, in cases where ginger is indi-
cated.
  PIPEROPASTUS.; from iretrcpi, 'pepper,' and
Kaaaciv, 'to strew.'  Strewed with pepper,—socks,
for example, where  it is  desirable to excite the
surface of the  feet.
   PIPETTE.   ' A small pipe.'  In Pharmacy, a
small  tube terminating  in a perforated point,
which is passed into a  liquid to  be  removed,
from the surface of a precipitate,  for  example.
The liquid is drawn into  the tube by applying
the mouth to the free extremity.
   PIPIN'NA, Men'tula parva.  A small penis.
   PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni.
   PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata—p. Spotted,
Pyrola maculata—p. White, Pyrola maculata.
   PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis.
   PIQUETE, see Sabli.
   PIQURE, Puncture, Wound, punctured.
   PISA, (CLIMATE OF.)   Pisa has  long  been
celebrated as one of the most favourable climates
in  Italy  for the consumptive.  It is genial, but
somewhat oppressive and damp. It is softer than
that of Nice, but not so warm; less soft, but less
oppressive than  that of Rome.
   PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, between Lake
Agnano and Solfatara. It is thermal (100° Fahr.),
sulphureous, and carbonated, and is chiefly used
in old ulcers,  leucorrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, and
in cutaneous affections.
   PISCID'IA ERYTHRI'NA,  Jamaica Dog-
wood.   A small branching tree, common in  most
of the West India Islands ; — Diadelphia Decan-
'dria of Linna?us.  It is  used in the West Indies
to poison fish.  It appears to be an acro-narcotic,
and has been used in the form of a tincture of the
bark of the root in  toothach.
   PISCINA,  Baignoire.
   PISCIVOROUS, Pisciv'orus, Ichthyoph'agous,
Jchthyoph'ague, from piscis, ' a fish,' and voro, ' I
eat.'  Feeding or subsisting on fish.
   PISTFORM, Pisiform'is, from pisum, 'a pea,'
 and forma, ' shape.'
   PISIFORM'!,  OS, Os lenticuldre,  Os orbicu-
 ldre,  Os extra  or'dinem carpi, (F.)  Os hors  du
 rang, is the fourth  bone of the first row of the
 carpus.   It is round, and gives attachment to the
 tendon of the cubitalis anterior, and to the ante-
 rior transverse ligament of the carpus.  It is arti-
 culated, behind, with the os cuneiforme.
  PISO, Mortar.
  PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
  PISSASPHALTUS,  Pissasphal'tum, Mineral
Pitch,  from iriaaa, ' pitch,'  and aatpaXros, ' bitu-
men.'  (F.) Poix minirale.  A thicker kind of
Petroleum or Rock oil; formerly employed as a
vulnerary.   It is  synonymous with  Glu'tinous
bitu'men, Malta bitu'men, and Mineral  tar.
  PISSEL^E'UM, Oleum Picinum, from Tn<r<ra,
'pitch,' and eXaiov,  'oil.'   An oily matter  ob-
tained  from boiling pitch, and used for the same
purposes as tar.
  Pisselaum Indicum, Petroleum.
  PISSEMENT DE SANG,  Hematuria.
  PISSENLIT, Leontodon taraxacum..
  PISSE'ROS,  from  trtaaa, 'pitch.'   Ancient
name of a  cerate, prepared of olive  oil, oil of
roses, and dried pitch.  It was, also, called Cera'-
tum pica'tum, and C. tetraphar'macum. — Hippo-
crates.
  PISSITES,  Vinum 2'ica'tum.   Same  etymon.
A wine prepared from tar and the must of the
grape.   It was regarded to be stomachic.
  PISSOSIS,  Malacia.
  PISSWEED, Anthemis cotula.
  PISTACHIO NUTS, see Arachis hypogea,
Pistacia vera.
  PISTACIA CHIA, P. lentiscus.
  Pista'cia Lentis'cus, P. Chia, Terebin'thus
lentiscus,  Lentiscus vulga'ris;  the Mastich Tree.
Family, Ter^fainthacea?.  The  wood of this  tree
abounds with the resinous principles of mastich;
and a tincture made  from it has been used in the
cure of dyspeptic affections, gout, and dysentery.
It yields,  by incision, the resin Maetich, Reeina
Lentiaci'na, Men'frige, Mastic-he, Maxtix, Piata-
cia Lentis'ci Reaina.  This resin has an agreea-
ble smell  when  heated:  is almost insipid; in
globular,  irregular,  yellowish, semi-transparent
masses ; soluble in ether ;  partially so in alcohol.
It is stimulant, and has been used in old coughs,
and  gleet, and is  chewed to sweeten  the breath.
It is sometimes, also, employed, to stop  holes in
carious teeth.
   Pistacia Narbonensis, P. lentiscus—p. Reti-
culata, P. lentiscus.
   Pistacia Terebin'thus, P. Narbonen'aia seu
reticuldta seu vera,  Turpentine Tree, Hab-el-Ka-
limbat, Terebinthus  vulga'ria, Termiiithoa.   The
tree which  affords the Cyprua Turpentine, Reai-
na Terebin'thi, Terebinth'inn  vera, T. Chia, T.
 Cyp'ria,  (F.)  Tiribinthine  de Chio.  This sub-
stance is classed amongst the resins.  It is pro-
cured  by wounding  the bark of the trunk.   The
best Chio turpentine is of about the consistence
of honey ; very tenacious, clear, and almost
transparent; of a white colour inclining to  yel-
low, and  of a  fragrant smell; moderately warm
to the taste, but  free from acrimony  and bitter-
ness.   It resembles in virtues the other turpen-
 tines.
   Pistacia Vera.   Name  of the tree  which
affords the ATux Piatacia.   Pistdchio nuts have
 a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that of
 sweet  almonds.  Like these, they afford an oil,
 and may be formed  into an emulsion.
   PISTILLUM, Pilum.
   PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristolochia pistolochia.
   PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS, Biatouri.
   PISUM, Pisum eati'vum, Pea, Garden  pea,
 (F.) Poia,  P. cultivi.   The  seeds of  the  pea,
 Fam.  Leguminosa?, Sex. Syat.  Diadelphia decan-
 dria, are much employed as an  aliment, both  in
 the fresh and dried state.  They are farinaceous,
 and, when  dried, not easy  of digestion.
   PIT, Pock mark—p. of tho Stomach, Foaaette
 de coeur. 
PITAYA                  679               PLACENTA
  PITAY'A  BARK.  This bark is preferred in
Colombia to any other.   It contains a new vege-
table  alkali, to which  the name Pitayine  has
been given.
  PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark.
  PITCAITHLEY, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
These  saline springs, at  Pitcaithley, about four
miles from Perth, Scotland, contain chlorides of
sodium and calcium.
  PITCH, Colophonia—p. Black, see Pinus  syl-
vestris— p. Burgundy,  see Pinus abies — p. Ca-
nada, see Pinus Canadensis.
  Pitch Cap, see Depilatory.
  Pitch,  Common, Pinus sylvestris—p. Hemlock,
see Pinus Canadensis — p. Jew's, Asphaltum—p.
Mineral, Pissasphaltum.
  Pitch Plaster, see  Depilatory, Emplastrum
picis.
  Pitch,  Stone, see Pinus sylvestris — p. White,
see Pinus abies.
  PITHYRIASIS, Pityriasis.
  PITHYRINUS, Acerosus, Furfuraceous.
  PITTA'CIUM.   A pitch plaster, from trtrra,
'pitch.'
  PITTING, Pock mark.
  PTTTOSIS, Malacia.
  PITTO'TA.  Medicines in which pitch is the
chief ingredient.
  PITTSBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
chalybeate  mineral spring,  situate  about four
miles south-west of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania.
It contains chloride of  sodium,  chloride of mag-
nesium, oxide of iron, sulphate of lime, and car-
bonic acid.
  PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm—p. Narium, Nasal
mucus.
  PITU'ITARY, Pituita'rius, from  pituita,
' phlegm.'  Concerned  in  the secretion of mucus
or phlegm.   A name given to several parts.
  Pituitary Body, P.  Gland.
  Pituitary Fossa, Fossa Pituita'ria.  A de-
pression on the cerebral surface of the  sphenoid
bone, which lodges the pituitary gland.  It is
called, on account of its shape, Sella Turc"ica,
Ephip'pium.  Chaussier  calls  it Fossa  supra-
sphenoida'lis, from its situation.
  Pitu'itary Gland,  Glan'dula Pituito'sa vel
pituita'ria, Glandula basila'ris, Lacdna vel  Ap-
pendic'ula cer'ebri, Hypopliysis seu Appendix
cer'ebri,  Pituitary  body,  Corpus pituita're; —
Appendice sus-sphenoidale du cerveau,  (Ch.)  A
small,  round body; the anterior portion of which
is of a cineritious yellow hue, and the posterior,
which  is smaller, is whitish and pulpy.  Its func-
tions are unknown.
  Pituitary  Membrane,  Schneide'rian  Mem-
brane,  Membra'na  pituita'ria,  M.  olfacto'ria.
The mucous membrane which  lines the nasal
fossa?,  and extends to the different cavities com-
municating with  the nose.  In  the nasal fossa?,
the membrane appears  formed of two layers, in-
timately united; — the  one in contact  with the
bone is fibrous;—the other is free at one surface.
The latter is a mucous  membrane, on which pa-
pilla?  are not easily distinguishable, but which
contains them, as well as  a number of very small
mucous follicles, that open into  the cavity of the
nares.   On  penetrating the maxillary, frontal,
sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane
becomes very thin, transparent,  less  vascular,
and  seeins reduced to  its mucous layer.  The
pituitary  membrane receives  the impression of
odours, by means of the expansion of the olfac-
tory nerves upon it. It is the seat of smell.
  PIT UTTO US, Pituito'sus ; from pituita, mu-
cus or phlegm.   Consisting of, or resembling, or
full of  mucus or phlegm.
  PITYRI'ASIS,  from  mrvpov,  'bran;' Lepido'-
$is  Fitj/riasia, Pityris'ma, Pithyriaais,  Herpes
furfurdceua, H. farino'aua, Porrigo (of some,)
Tiu'ea furfura'cea, T. porrigino'sa, Furfur a'tio,
Furfuria'ca,  Dandriff, Dandruff,  (F.)  Teigne,
Dartre, Dartre furfnracie  vol ante ; — a very su-
perficial  affection;  characterized  by irregular
patches of thin scales, which repeatedly exfoliate  »
and recur; but which never form crusts, or are ac ■
companied with excoriations.  It is not contagious.
It occurs under three or four varieties of form.
  Pityriasis, Porrigo — p. Nigra, Melasma—p.
Versicolor, Chloasma.
  PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis.
  PITYROIDES, Furfuraceus.
  PITYRON, Furfur.
  PIVOINE, Pa?onia.
  PIVOTING.  In  dentistry,  an operation,
which consists in fastening in a new crown upon
the root of a tooth by means  of a piece of gold
wire,  called  'a,pivot.'
  PIX, Sperm—p. Abietina,  see Pinus  abies —
p. Abietis, see Pinus  abies — p. Alba, see Pimu
abies — p. Anda,  see Pinus abies,  and Pinus syl-
vestris—p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris—p. Brutia,
Brutia—p. Burgundica, see Pinus abies — p. Ca-
nadensis, see Pinus  Canadensis — p. Cedria, see
Pinus sylvestris—p. Graeca, Colophonia — p. Li-
quida, see Pinus sylvestris—p. Navalis, see Pinus
sylvestris — p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.
Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris.
  PLACE'BO, ' I will please.'  A medicine, pre-
scribed rather  to  satisfy  the  patient than with
any expectation of its effecting a  cure.
  PLACEN'TA.  A  Latin  word, signifying a
Cake.  P. uteri seu uterina  seu  uteri car'nea,
Hepar seu Jecur uterinum, Caro seu Affdeio or-
bicularia, Maza.  A  soft, spongy, vascular body,
adherent to the uterus, and  connected with the
fcetus by the umbilical cord.   It is not in exist-
ence during the first period of the embryo  state,
but its formation commences perhaps with the
arrival of the embryo in the uterus.   It is gene-
rally  considered to have two portions, one fatal,
and the other maternal.  The foetal consists of
highly vascular villi and tufts, which contain the
inosculating loops of the  umbilical arteries and
umbilical vein of the fcetus.  The  maternal por-
tion is considered by Dr. Reid to consist, essen-
tially, of a large sac formed by the inner coat of
the vascular system of the mother, into whieh
the maternal blood is poured by the curling arte-
ries of the  uterus, and from which it is returned
by the utero-placental veins.   The tufts and villi
of the foetal placenta are ensheathed by this inner
coat of the  maternal vascular system ;  and, ac-
cording to Prof.  Goodsir, two distinct sets of nu-
cleated cells—one maternal and the other foetal—
separate the maternal and fcetal  portions whero
they come in contact, one set  of which are pro-
bably, he thinks,  concerned in the separation of
nutritive matter  from the maternal blood, and
the other  destined to convey  it into  the vessels
of the foetus.  The placenta is formed of several
lobea  or cotyledona, which  can be readily distin-
guished from each other on the uterine surface ;
but towards  the fcetal surface are confounded into
one mass.  It-is  composed of the umbilical ves-
sels,  areolar tissue,  and whitish, resisting fila-
ments, which  are vascular ramifications oblite-
rated.  Lymphatic vessels have also been pre-
sumed to exist in it: and  nerves have  been
traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of
the foetus.
  The main function of the placenta appears to
be like that of the lungs in the adult.  It admits
of the blood of the fcetus  being ahown to that -f
the mother, and  undergoing requisite changes-
It may, also, be  an  organ for nutritive  absorp-
tion, as observed above.
  Placen'ta Cruoris, see Blood—p. Febrili*. 
PLACENTAL               680                PLANTAR
Ague cake — p. Oblata, P. pnrvia— p. Obvia, P.
praevia.
  Placen'ta Pr.e'via, (from pra, 'before,' and
via, • way,') P. ob'ria, P. obltita.  Presentation of
the placenta; a condition which gives rise to un-
avoidable hemorrhage from the uterus.  The safety
of the female depends upon speedy delivery.
  Placenta  Sanguinis,  see  Blood — p.  Uteri
Succenturiata, Decidua.
  PLACENTAL, Placentdlia.   Relating, or ap-
pertaining  to, the placenta.
  PLACENTITIS,  Placuntitia, Placo'i'tia, In-
flaniindtio placen'ta.  A hybrid word — from
placenta, and itia, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the placenta.
  PLACENTULA, 'a little cake.'  A rudimental
placenta.  The placenta of an abortion.
  PLACOITIS, Placentitis.
  PLACUNTITIS, Placentitis.
  PLADAROMA, Pladarosis.
  PLADARO'SIS, Pladqro'ma, Pladar'otee,
from irAao'u.pof, ' soft.'  A soft tumour  on the eye-
lid, unaccompanied with redness or pain.
  PLADAROTES, Pladarosis.
  PLAFOND  DES  VENTRICULES DU
CER VEA U, Corpus callosum.
  PLAGA, Ictus, Wound.
  PLAGIOBOLTA,  Planobol'ia,  from  trXaytos,
'to one side,' and fiaXXetv, 'to throw.'  Imperfect
emission of sperm into the vagina.   Emission to
one side; sometimes practised to render"impreg-
nation less probable.
  PLAGUE, from trXijytj, plaga,  'a stroke.' Pea-
tia,  P.  orienta'lie, P. bubona'ria  orientalia seu
inguind'ria, P.  contagio'aa,  P. acutiae'ima, P.
sep'tica, P. Glandulo'sa, P. Ade'no-aeptica, P.
inguinaria, Peatil'itaa, Epheniera peatilentidlia,
E.  mortifl era, Luea inguind ria, Cladea  glandu-
la'ria, Phthora, Peatilen'tia, Luea, Loimoa, Febria
ade'no-nervo'aa, Lcemos, Lozme, Lce'mia, Lcemop'-
yra, Chaoada, Anthra'cia Peetie, Anthracotyphus,
Febria pea'tilena, Syn'ochua peatilentidlia, Typhua
peatia,  T. pestilenUdlia, T. gravia'aimua,  T. an-
thra'cicua, T. Bubon'icua, Exanthe'ma peatia, the
Peat, Levant plague, Septic or glan'dular pea'ti-
lence, (F.) Peate,  Typhua d'Orient, Fievre du Li-
vant.  An eminently malignant disease; endemic
in the Levant; frequently epidemic, and destroy-
ing at least two-thirds of those it attacks.  It is
a fever of  the most  aggravated  kind, with affec-
tion of the lymphatic glands of the  groin  or
axilla?, and carbuncles.   Its miasmata — it has
been conceived—adhere to different organic tex-
tures, to woollen goods, clothing and furniture;
and may  thus be transported to a  considerable
distance;  but this is not certain.  The mean du-
ration of the disease is six or seven days; some
die in  twenty-four hours, others not till ten  or
twelve  days.  Pathological anatomy has  afforded
little light with  respect  to  it.  Various means
have been used for arresting it, tout none have
seemed  to be pre-eminently distinguished.  The
great point is, to watch -the indications as they
develop themselves; and to treat  the  case,  in
general, like one  of typhus gravior.  It is uni-
versally agreed  that the  suppuration of the bu-
boes should be aided as far as practicable. For
preventing the  importation  and spread of  the
plague,  the Quarantine Lawa  have  been insti-
tuted ;  and when the  disease has  actually ap-
peared,  a cordon eanituire has been drawn round
the infected district, so as to prevent all commu-
nication.
   Plague, Cold.  A severe form of congestive
 fever, seen in the Southern States.  Bilious pneu-
monia, in  which  there is no reaction, has been,
 also, so called.
  Plague Mark, Plague token.
  Plague. Pali.   A malignant  fever, greatly
resembling Plague, which prevailed  in Rajpoo-
tana after July, 1836.
  Plague Spot, Plague token.
  Plague Token, Plague  mark, Plague spot.
A mark by which one struck with  the plague was
known.  Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in
unfavourable cases.  It is  described as a small
tubercle — Boasa — somewhat resembling a wart,
callous and  more or less deficient in sensibility,
varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that
of a bean.
  PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint.
  PLAIE, Wound — p.  d'Arme  d feu, Wound,
gunshot—p. d'Arquebuaade, Wound, gunshot —
p.  Contuse,   Wound, contused—p.  Enrcnimie,
Wound, poisoned —p. par Arrachement, Wound,
lacerated—p. d Lambeaux, see Flap.
  PLANANTHUS FASTIGATUS. Lycopodium
selago — p. Selago, Lycopodium selago.
  PLANARIA  LATIUSCULA,  Distoma hepa-
ticum.
  PLANCHER (F.), 'floor.'   In anatomy, the
inferior wall or boundary of a cavity.
  PLANCHER DU CERVEAU, Tentorium.
  PLANCUS, Leiopus.
  PLANE, Plexus — p. Mesial, see Mesial.
  PLANET-STRUCK, see Sideratio.
  PLANETES,  Plane'ticua,  Plan'icua,  Erra-
buiidua,  Errat'ic.  An epithet given to diseases,
whose returns are irregular-—especially to inter-
mittent fever ; Planetea Febria, F. Errat'ica, F.
Erro'nea, F.  Vaga.
  PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout, wander-
ing.
  PLANICUS, Planetes.
  PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes.
  PLANITIES  PEDIS, Sole.
  PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia.
  PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina —p.
Pedis, Sole — p. Prima pedis, Tarsus.
  PLANTA'GO, P. Major, Centiner'via, Arno-
gloe'aum,  Septiner'via, Polyneu'ron,  Heptapleu'-
ron, Planta'go latifo'lia  seu major seu vulga'ria,
(F.) Plantain commun.   Family, Plantaginea?.
Sex. Syat. Tetrandria Monogynia.  The  leaves
have been said to be refrigerant,  attenuant, sub-
styptic, and diuretic.
  Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago.
  Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo'dium, Cornu
cervi'num,  Stella  terra,  Plantago, Buckahorn
Plantain.  Properties like the last.
  Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium.
  Plantago Psyl'lium, P. nit'ida, Psyl'Uum, P.
erec'tum, Pulica'rie herba,  Cryetal'lion,  Cyno-
moia, Branching Plantain, Fleawort, (F.) Herbe
aux pucea commune. The seeds have a  nauseous,
mucilaginous taste, and  no remarkable  smell.
The decoction of the seeds is recommended in
hoarseness and roughness of the fauces.
  Plantago Vulgaris,  Plantago.
  PLANTAIN, BRANCHING,  Plantago psyl-
lium— p. Buckshorn, Plantago  coronopus — p.
Commun,  Plantago —p. d'Eau, Alisma plantago
— p. Rattlesnake, Goodyera puba?scens—p. Ro-
bin's, Erigeron bellidifolium—p.  Tree, Musa pa-
radisiaca— p. Water, Alisma plantago, Unisema
deltifolia.
  PLANTAIRE, Plantar muscle— p. Grele,
Plantar muscle.
  PLANTAR, Plantdris, from planta, 'the sole
of  the foot.'  That which relates or belongs to
the sole of the foot.  This name has been given
to several parts.
  Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P. faa'cia.   A thick,
dense,  resisting  aponeurosis;  of a  triangular
shape, and  superficially situate,  which occupies 
PLANTARIA
681
PLASTIC
 the middle and sides of the sole of the  foot, and
 furnishes insertions to  several of the muscles of
 tne region, either directly or through the medium
 ot septa, which it sends between  them.
   plantar Arch, see Plantar arteries.
   Plantar Arteries.   These are two in num-
 Der, and arise from  the extremity of the posterior
 tibial artery.  They are distinguished into :-The
 internal plantar artery, situate above the abduc-
 tor pollicis pedis.  It extends from the termina-
 tion of  the posterior tibial to the  trunk of one of
 the collaterals of that toe.   The external plantar
 artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to
 be considered as the termination  of the posterior
 or tibial.   Situate above the flexor communis di-
 gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the calca-
 neum to the posterior extremity of the last meta-
 tarsal space.  When it  has reached this part, it
 turns from without inwards ; advances  towards
 the posterior  extremity of the  first metatarsal
 bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the perforating
 branch  of tho dorealie tarai.   In  the first part of
 its  course, it furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus-
 cular, and adipous  branches.  The second  por-
 tion of the artery is called  the Plantar Arch or
 Croae.   It gives branches in  all directions.  The
 inferior and  posterior have  received no name.
 The superior—three in number—are the poate-
 rior perforating arteriea.  The anterior branches
 are larger, and there are commonly four. They
 furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate-
 rale of the last four toes.
   Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries—p. Fas-
 cia, P. aponeurosis.
   Plantar Ligaments.   A name given to the
 inferior  ligaments, which unite the bones of the
 tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from
 the  superior, called doreal.
   Plantar  Muscle, Planta'rie,  P. grac"ilis,
 Tibidlia grac"ilia,  Exten'aor tarsi minor,  (F.)
 Plantaire, P. Grile, Jambier grele, Petit fimoro-
 calcanien, (Ch.)  A  muscle, situate at the poste-
 rior part of the leg.   It is long, thin, and narrow.
 Above, it is attached to  the posterior part of the
 external condyle of the os femoris : below, it ter-
 minates by a long tendon, which is attached to
 the  posterior and inner part of the calcaneum.
 This muscle  extends the leg on  the foot,  and
 conversely.  It can, also, assist in the flexion of
 the  leg on the thigh.
   Plantar Nerves.  These are two in number,
 and are  furnished by the termination of  the pos-
 terior tibial nerve.  They are distinguished into
 — 1. The internal plantar nerve,  which extends
 from the inferior part of the tibial nerve to both
 sides of the first three toes, and the inner side of
 the  fourth.  It furnishes, also, branches to  the
 abductor of the great toe; to the  short flexor of
 the toes ; to the accessory ; to the short flexor of
 the great toe, the lumbricales, Ac.   2. The exter-
 nal  plantar nerve proceeds from the termination
 of the posterior tibial to the posterior extremity
 of the  5th metatarsal bone, and gives branches to
 the  flexor brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory
 and  the abductor of the little toe.  This trunk
 subsequently divides into two branches; — the
 one—profunda—is distributed to the short flexor
 of the great toe: the interosseus and abductor
 pollicis pedis : the other — euperficialie—sends
 filaments to the short flexor of the little  toe,  the
 two sides of that toe, the outer side of the 4th,
 and  the last lumbricalis.
  Plantar Regions or  Surfaces are different
regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot.  Three
are generally reckoned, — the internal,  middle,
and external.
  Plantar Veins follow a similar arrangement.
  PLANTARIA, Dengue.
    PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle—p. Superfi-
 cies pedis, Sole—p. Verus, see Flexor longus di-
 gitorum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius.)
    PLANTAR1UM, Pubes.
    PLANTE DU PIED, Sole.
    PLANTI-SOUS-PHAIANGIENS,  Lumbri-
 cales pedis—p. Tendino-phalangiena, Lumbricales
 pedis.
    PLANUM AFONEUROTICUM  DIA-
 PHRAGMATIS.  The tendinous expansion of
 the diaphragm.
    Planum Os, from planus,  'soft, smooth.'  The
 papyraceous or orbitar plate of the ethmoid bone
 was formerly so called.
    Planum Pedis, Sole.
    Planum Supe'rius Lingua.  The  upper  sur-
 face of the tongue.
    PLANC'RIA, from irXavos, 'wandering, false,'
 and ovpov, 'urine.'  Discharge of urine through
 unwonted ways.
    PLAQUEMJNIER D'EUROPE, Diospyros
 lotus.
    PLAQUES GAUFRE'ES, Peyeri glandula?—
 p. Laiteitaee, see Tachea laiteuaea.
    PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis.
    PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plasma,  the li-
 quor sanguinis;  tf, 'out of,'  and 'tSptaois, 'perspi-
 ration.'   Exudation of the plasma of the blood
 from the vessels.
   PLASTER, Emplastrum —p. Adhesive, Em-
 plastrum  resina?, Sparadrapum adhesivum — p.
 Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum  resina?—p.
 Adhesive, of pitch  and resins, Emplastrum de
 pice-et resinis glutinans—p. Ammoniacum, Em-
 plastrum ammoniaci—p. Ammoniacum with mer-
 cury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro —
 p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticum — p. Asa-
 fcetida, Emplastrum asafcetida? — p. of Belladon-
 na, Emplastrum  belladonna? — p. Blister, Blister
 —p. Blistering, Emplastrum lytta?—p.  of Blister-
 ing fly, Emplastrum lytta? — p. Calefacient, Em-
 plastrum calefaciens — p.  of Cantharides, com-
 pound, Emplastrum  lytta? compositum — p.  Ce-
 phalic, Emplastrum  picis comp. — p. Corn, Spa-
 radrapum  viride — p.  Corn, Kennedy's,  Spara-
 drapum viride — p. Court, English, see Ichthyo-
 eolla,  Sparadrapum adhesivum — p.  Cummin,
 Emplastrum  cumini—p. Defensive, Sparadrapum
 Galteri — p. Diachylon, Emplastrum plumbi — p.
 Fly, Emplastrum lytta? — p. Frankincense, Em-
 plastrum  thuris—p. Galbanum, Emplastrum gal-
 bani — p. Galbanum,  compound, Emplastrum
 galbani compositum—p. Gum, Emplastrum gum-
 mosum — p.   of  Gum-resins, Emplastrum cum
 gummi-resinis—p. Hemlock,  Emplastrum cicuta?
 — p. Iron, Emplastrum  ferri — p. Isinglass,  see
 Sparadrapum adhassivum — p.  Issue,  Sparadra-
 pum pro fonticulis—p.  Lead, Emplastrum plumbi
 —p. Machine, Sparadrapier—p. Mercurial, Em-
 plastrum hydrargyri—p. of Mercury, compound,
 Emplastrum hydrargyri compositum—p. Nurem-
 berg, Emplastrum Norimbergense — p.  Opium
 Emplastrum opii  — p. Pitch,  see Depilatory — p.
 Pitch, comp., Emplastrum picis compositum__p.
 Resin, Emplastrum resina? — p. of Red oxide of
 iron, Emplastrum Oxidi ferri  rubri — p. Soap,
 Emplastrum  saponis — p. of Spanish flies, com-
 pound, Emplastrum lytta- compositum—p. Stick-
 ing, Emplastrum  resina?—p. Strengthening, Em-
 plastrum ferri, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri__p.
 Warm, Emplastrum  calefaciens — p. Wax  Em-
plastrum eerie.
  PLASTIC, Plas'ticus, Formativua, Fonn'ative,
from trXaaaia, 'I  form.'  That  which forms,  or
serves to form.
  Plastic  Element.  One which bears within it
the  germs of a higher form. — Gerber. 
               PLASTICIMUS

  Plastic Force.  The  generative or formative
power in organized bodies.   It is also called Ni-
sus formativus, Vis seu Virtus plas'tica seu for-
mativa, Vis essentia'lis seu reproductiva, Fac'ultas
formatrix seu nutrix seu auctrix seu vegetati'va;
Bias alterativum, Motus assimilationis,  An'ima
vegetati'va, Plasticism'us, Virtus formatrix,  Plas-
tic"itas,  Plastic"ity, Force  of  Nutrition, F. of
assimilation, Force of Form'ation, Force of vege-
ta'tion,  Puissance du  moule infirieur (Buffon),
Bildungstrieb, Germ-force of the Germans.
  Plastic LYMPH,Liquor Sanguinis—p. Surgery,
Morioplastice.
  PLASTICTMUS, Plastic Force.
  PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force.
  PLASTICITY, Plastic Force.
  PLASTILYTIC, Anaplastic.
  PLASTLLYTICUM  (ILEMATOLYTICUM),
Spana?mic.
  PLATA, Scapula.
  PLATANO. Musa Sapientum.
  PLATANTHE'RA ORBICULATA, Large
round-leaved Orchis ; indigenous. Order Orchid-
acea? ;  flowering in July.  The leaves  are  large,
soft and fleshy, and are used, in certain places, for
dressing blisters.
  PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca.
  PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus.
  PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism.
  PLATIAS'MUS,  from  nXarvs, 'broad.'  Ex-
cessive development of the lips,  causing the arti-
culation  to be imperfect.
  PLATINA, Platinum.
  PLATTNUM,  Plat'ina, from (S.) plata, 'sil-
ver.'  The preparations of platinum resemble  in
their therapeutical properties those  of gold.  The
Bichlo'ride, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made by dis-
solving platinum  in 0511a regia. and the Double
Chloride of Platinum and Sodium, So'dii chlo-
roplat'inas, Chloroplat'incite  of So'dium, prepared
by  dissolving bichloride of platinum  and pure
chloride of sodium, in proper  proportions, in water,
evaporating and crystallizing, — arc the prepara-
tions used.  They are not much prescribed.
  PLATULA, see Pediculus.
  PLATYBREGMATE, see Cranium.
  PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis.
  PLATYCORIASIS,  Platycoria.
  PLATYNO'SIS, from trXarvs,  'broad.'  Ampli-
flca'tio.  Morbid extension  of parts.
  PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium.
  PLATYPOLIA, see  Kyllosis.
  PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis.
  PLATYS'MA,  from trXarvs, ' broad.' Any thing
broadly extended.  A spread plaster.
  Platys'ma  Myoides,  P. Myo'des,  3Ius[culus
cutdneus, M. aubeutdneua (Winslow), Quadrdtiia
gena vel latia'aimua colli, Exptin'aio muaculo'aa,
Tetrago'nus, Stomoman'icon,  (F.) Thoraco-maxillo
facial,  Thoraco-facial  (Ch.), Peaucier.  A mus-
cle situate superficially  on  the lateral parts  of
the neck. It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral.  Its
fibres, which are  all parallel to each other, pass
obliquely downwards, and from without inwards.
They arise from.the  areolar tissue,  which covers
the anterior and superior part of the chest; pass
before the clavicle, and proceed  to  attach them-
selves at the interior part of  the symphysis menti,
at the external oblique line of the jaw, and  at the
commissure  of the lips.  The fibres of this last
insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by some
anatomists Mua'culua Riao'riua Santorini.  The
platysma myoides depresses the commissure  of
the lips,  and carries it outwards.  It contributes,
also, to the depression of the lower jaw.  When
it contracts, it wrinkles the skin  of the neck
transversely.
2               PLETHORA

  PLATYSTER'NOS, from trXarvs, 'broad,' and
arepvov, ' the sternum.'  One  who  has  a broad
well developed chest. — D. Pechlin.
  PLATYSTOMUS; from irAai-u5,  'broad,'  and
aropa,  ' mouth.'  One who has a broad mouth.
  PLAUTUS, Leiopus.
  PLECHAS, Perinasum.
  PLECTAN^E, Cornua uteri.
  PLECTANE, Plica, Plegma, Plexua.  A fold;
a plexus.  Also, a cornu of the uterus.
'  PLECTRUM.  The styloid process of the
temporal bone.  Also, the uvula, and the tongue.
— Castelli.
  PLEDGET,  (D.)  Plagghe,  Plumace'olus,
Lintea'men, Plag'ula,  (F.)  Plumaceau, Plumne-
seau.  A small compress or gateau of lint — (the
filaments arranged parallel to each other) — flat-
tened  between the  hands after the extremities
have been  cut off or folded down.   It is applied
over wounds, ulcers, Ac, to preserve them from
the contact of the air, to retain dressings in aitu,
and to absorb the  discharges.
  PLEGE, Blow,  Ictus.
  PLEGMA, Plectane, Plexus.
  PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter.
  RLE IN, (F.) 'Full.' The middle part of a roller.
  PLEIOMASTHUS, Polymasthus.
  PLEIOMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
  PLENA MULIER, Pregnant.
  PLENITUDE, Fulness.
  PLENITUDO, Plethora.
  PLENCK'S  DEPILATORY, see Depilatory,
Colley's.
  PLEONECTICA ATHYM'IA seu  MELAN-
CHO'LIA.  A form of insanity characterized by
a desire for gain or by covetousness.
  PLEONECTICUS, from ttXcov, 'more,'  and
£^eiv, ' to have.' Covetous. Desirous to acquire :
hence  mania pleonectica:
  PLERO'SIS, from irAiipTij, ' full;' also Replc'-
tio,  Refec'tio,  Reple'tion.   Restoration  of flesh
after sickness.   Plethora.
  PLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
  PLES'MONE, Plenitu'do,  Satietaa,  Satiety.
Intemperance.  A condition the opposite to that
of hunger.
  PLESSER, Plexor.
  PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter.
  PLETHOMERTA,  from irXr/Bos, 'many,' and
pepos, 'a part.'  Superabundance of parts, as  in
the case  of six fingers to one hand.
  PLETHO'RA, from trXnSia, ' I fill.' Polya'mia,
Polyhyperha'mia, Panhypera'mia, Polychym'ia
aanguin'ea, Angeioplero'sis, Angioplero'sis, Ery-
thra'mia,  Erythro'sis, Hamatopletho'ra, Hamo-
pletho'ra,  Plenitu'do,  Multitn'do,  Reilundan'tia,
Reple'tio,  En'chyma, Comple'tio,  Pleth'ory, Re-
ple'tion, San'gitineness, Fulness, (F.) Abandonee,
Ridondance.   The word plethora, which means
repletion, Plero'sis,  expresses a superabundance
of blood in the system, or in some  part of  it:  —
hence  the  division of plethora into general and
local; the latter  being called, according  to  its
seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine,  Ae.  The prin-
cipal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula-
tory system;  such  as redness of the  surface,
swelling of the veins, increase in the fulness  of
the  pulse, in the  strength  of the heart's pulsa-
tions,  Ac, with spontaneous hemorrhages occa-
sionally.   With these are usually united general
heaviness, torpor,, lassitude, vertigo, tinnitus au-
rium, flushes of heat, Ac.  The blood of plethoric
persons differs from  healthy blood in the smaller
ratio of  water which it contains, and especially
in the augmentation of the red corpuscles.
  The tendency to plethora, or its actual  exist-
ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet,
oi 
PLETHORIC                683               PLEURITIS
exercise, Ac.;  and, if the danger from it be press-
ing, by blood-letting.  This is, however, a doubt-
ful  remedy for general  plethora, as it increases
huematosis.
  Plethora,  Local, Hyperaemia.
  PLETHOR'IC, I'/ctho'ricus,  Polya'mic,  Po-
lya'iniciis, Sanguine, Sanguineoua,  (F.) Plitho-
rique.   Same  etymon.  Full of blood.  Relating
to or affected  with plethora.
  PLETIIORICUS, Plethoric.
  PLETHORY,  Plethora.
  PLET1IOS, Satiety.
  PLEUMON, Pulmo.
  PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia.
  PLEURA,  Planum,  Pleuro'ma,  'the  side, a
rib.'  Membra'na pleurit'ica  auccin'gene seu eoa-
tua  aucciiit/ena, Membra'na seu  Tu'nica coatalis
seu Hitbcosla'Us,  Hypopleu'rioa,  (V.)  Plevre ou
Pleurc.  The  pleura? are  two thin, diaphanous,
perspirable membranes, which line each side of
the chest, and are  reflected thence upon each
lung.   Like  all  serous  membranes — to  which
class they belong—each  represents a sac without
aperture.   From  the junction of the  pleura of
each side the  mediastina are formed.   That  por-
tion of the pleura which lines the parietes  of the
chest is called Pleura Coatdlia ;  the portion  that
covers  the lungs,  Pleura Pulmona'lia.   The arte-
ries of the pleura? are from the the  intercostals,
internal  mammaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid,
Ac.  The  veins  correspond  with  the arteries.
They  are, also,  supplied  with  lymphatics, but
nerves are not traceable  in them.
  Pleura is also  used for Cavity of the Pleura,
Saccua Pleura.
  PLEURiE.   The  sides of the chest.
  PLEURAL, Pleurdlie,  Pledricue, Pleu'ritee.
That which concerns the  pleura;—as  a pleural
fistula;—pleural cavity, pleural hemorrhage, Ac.
  PLEURALGIA, Pleurodyne.
  PLEURAPOPHYSES, Costa?  vera?, see  Costa.
  PLEURAPOSTEMA, Empyema.
  PLEURARTHROC'ACE,  from irAtupa, 'a  rib,'
apdpov, ' a joint,' and xaxos, ' bad.'  Caries  of the
ribs.
  P LEU RE,  Pleura.
  PLEURESIA, Pleuritis.
  PLEAJRESIE, Pleurisy.
  PLEURESIS,  Pleuritis.
  PLEURETIQUE, Pleuritic.
  PLEURICCS, Pleural.
  PLEURIS, Pleuritis.
  PLEURISY, Pleuritis.
  Pleurisy,  Bilious, Pleuri'tia bilio'aa.   Pleu-
risy accompanied with  bilious symptoms; — the
effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis.
  Pleurisy, False, Pleurodynia.
  Pleurisy,  Head. A  ridiculous  term, occa-
sionally  used  by the vulgar, in the  Southern
States  especially, for bilious pneumonia  before
the pneumonitie  phenomena  are developed, and
whilst the head is prominently affected.
  Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Hasmatothorax —
p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia — p. Root,  Asclepias
tuberosa.
  Pleurisy,  Typhoid, Pleuri'tia typho'i'dea seu
typho'dea  seu typho'aa.  Pleurisy  accompanied
by advnamic symptoms.
  PLKI RITES, Pleural.
  PLEURIT'IC, Pleurit'icna, Pleurit'ical,  (F.)
Plan-clique ; same etymon as pleuri'tia.  Relating
or appertaining to pleuritis — as  'pleuritic pain.'
  PLEURITIS, from irAtupa, 'the pleura;' Mor-
bua latertilia,  M. pleurit'icna, M. Coata'lia,  Em-
prea'inn Pleuritis, Plcuria, Plenre'aia, Pleure'aia,
Pleuritia  coata'lia seu  vera,  Pleurit'ica Febria,
Cauma Pleuritia, Ptixsio pleurit'ica,  Inflamma'tio
Pleura,  Pleurisy, Injiammdtion of the Pleura,
(F.) Pleuriaie,  Fievre pleuritiqne, Inflammation
de la Plevre, may be acute or chronic.  Perhaps
the most violent of all  internal inflammations is
the active  form; known  by acute,  lancinating
pain in one side of the chest, increased by inspi-
ration, by coughing, and often by pressure; dys-
pnoea, the inspirations short and frequent; cough
dry, or  with little expectoration;  and difficulty
of lying on the affected side.  Symptoms, attend-
ing the phlegmasia? in general,  strongly marked.
   Phyeical Signs.  There  is seldom any percep-
tible alteration in the exterior of the chest. When
effusion has taken place  to  a  great extent,  the
signs will be similar to those  of chronic pleurisy.
The motion of  the affected  side is  diminished,
and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected
by the hand.   There is more or less  dulness of
sound on percussion, the dulness  diminishing or
disappearing by chango of position.   On auscul-
tation, the inspiration is feeble, distant,  or inau-
dible ;  but change of position modifies it.  Ego-
phony is usually present, when the effusion is in
moderate quantity, and  is  best heard over a por-
tion of the  thoracic parietes,  represented by a
band  of three  inches, running from below  the
inferior margins of the scapula in the direction
of the ribs to  the  sternum.  Simple  pleurisy
rarely attacks  both sides at once : when such is
the case, the presence  of tubercles may be sus-
pected.
   Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated in
the pleura:  a mediastinal pleurisy, one situated
in the anterior  mediastinum ; and  false pleurisy
or rheumatiamal pleuriay, that which occupies  the
intercostal  muscles.  The  last  has received  the
name  Pleurodynia ; that of pleuriay being  ex-
clusively appropriated  to  inflammation of  the
pleura.  Pleurisy has also been distinguished into
dry and humid, according  as it is or is not accom-
panied by expectoration. Humid or moist pleuriay
is  now properly regarded as a complication of
pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh. It is the catar-
rhal pleuriay of some.   The majority  of the spe-
cies of pleurisy, admitted by Sauvages, consist
of complications.
   The causes of pleurisy are like those of other
internal  inflammations.   It  may  terminate  by
resolution, effusion,  or suppuration.
   Chronic  Pleurisy, which has  been particu-
larly described by Bayle,  Broussais,  and Laen-
nec,  most commonly terminates by a serous or
purulent effusion,  which  sometimes simulates
hydrothorax ;  at others, phthisis pulmonalis.   It
may form slowly, without evident symptoms; or
it  may succeed acute pleurisy.  In the former
ease, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small,
dry cough,  oppression  at intervals, shivering,
irregular febrile symptoms, and  hardness of pulse.
   Phyaicol Signa.  The  affected side is smoother,
more  rounded  and motionless; the  intercostal
spaces are dilated  and filled  up, or may even
protrude slightly.   In  very chronic  cases, how-
ever, the affected side may be smaller.  The  tri-
angular space  above the clavicle and the depres-
sion  immediately above the sternum are  often
drawn downwards on the diseased  side.   No  vi-
bration  is experienced  by the hand when  the
patient  speaks.  The parietes of  the  thorax  are
sometimes  cedematous,  and  fluctuation  may be
occasionally felt between  the ribs.  On percus-
sion the sound is dull, or  if clear,  only so in  the
upper portions  of the  chest.  On auscultation,
there is an absence of the usual sounds  over  the
affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted
sounds.  There are no  physical signs that can
enable us to know whether pus or serum is effused
into the chest.  The introduction of a grooved
needle through  the  intercostal  space, as recom- 
PLEUROCELE
684
PLEXUS
mtnded by Dr. Thomas Davies, would of course
settle the question.
  On diaaection of those who have died of pleu-
risy, the pleura is found thickened, red, inflamed,
and  covened with  membranous exudations or
false membranes.  Sometimes it seems cartilagi-
nous and ossified.  Its cavity frequently contains
serous or sero-purulent effusions.
  The acute form of the disease  requires the most
active treatment.  General blood-letting, to such
an extent as to make a very decided  impression
on the system, and repeated if  necessary.  This
is the most important agent. After the violence
of the disease has been got over, counter-irritants
will  be found highly beneficial; as well as when
it has passed into the chronic state.   The cough
may be  relieved by demulcents.
  Sauvages has given the name Pleuri'tis Ven-
to'sa, and Pringle that of  Pleurodynia Ven-
to'sa, to a pain behind the false ribs, attributed
to the presence of air in the intestines.
  Pleuritis Bronchialis, Bronchitis — p. Cos-
talis, Pleuritis — p. Diaphragmatica,  Diaphrag-
mitis— p. Humida, Bronchitis — p.  Muscularis,
Pleurodynia — p. Notha,  Pleurodynia — p. Peri-
cardii, Pericarditis — p. Pulmonis, Pleuropneu-
monia—p. Rheumatica, Pleurodynia—p. Spuria,
Pleurodynia—p. Spuria simulata, Pleurodynia—
p. Typhoides, see Pleuritis, (biliosa) — p. Vera,
Pleuritis.
  PLEUROCE'LE, from  irXevpa, 'the  pleura,'
and   (C17A77,  ' a tumour.'  Hernia of the pleura,
Hernia  pleu'rica  et  pulmona'lia.  This name,
employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as  the pleura
never protrudes alone.   It  only forms a hernia,
when it serves as an envelope to the lung, to  tu-
mours,  or  to  purulent collections, which have
protruded from the thoracic parietes.
  PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from  irAeupa, 'the pleu-
ra,' and xoXXata, ' I glue.'  An adhesion between
the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis.
  PLEURODYNE, Pleurodynia.
  PLEURODYN'IA,  Pleural'gia, Peendo-pleu-
ri'tis, Pseudo-pleurisy,  Pleurod'yne,  Autal'gia
doloro'sa, A atitch,  Pain in  the  aide, Stitch in the
aide, Parapleuri'tia ; Stethorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'-
mus pec'toris, Pleuri'tia rheumat'ica, P. muscula'-
ria,  P.  apu'ria, Falae  Pleuriay, Rheiimat'ic  or
rheumatis'mal pleurisy, Pleuri'tis notha seu spu'-
ria seu spu'ria simula'ta, Pneumo'nia  exter'na,
Lagonop'onoa, Thoracod'yne, Dolor Pec'toria  ex-
ter'nua,  (F.) Point de coti, Donleur de c6ti ; from
7rA£upo, 'the side or pleura,' and ocWi;, 'pain.'  A
spasmodic or rheumatic affection, generally seated
in the muscles  of  the  chest, and, ordinarily, in
the  intercostals.  It is usually augmented by
outward pressure,  inspiration, coughing,  exer-
tion, moving the thorax, and sometimes even the
corresponding  arm.   It  is  unaccompanied by
fever, cough,  or dyspnoea,  excepting under  the
form of a atitch, when  dyspnoea exists.  It  is,
generally,  by  no  means obstinate,  and yields
promptly to warm  applications and  to  cupping
or leeches.  If it still resist, a blister will, almost
always, remove it.
  Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa.
  PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura.
  PLEUROPATHI'A, from irXevpa, ' the pleura,'
and  trados, ' a disease.'  A disease of the pleura.
  PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY,   Pleuroperi-
pneumo'nia, Pleuropneumonia, Pneumonopteure'-
aie, Pneumonopleuri'tia, Pleuritiapulmo'nia,Pneu-
mo'nia  pleuritia.   Inflammation occupying  the
pleura and the lung at the same time.   Pleurisy
and peripneumony existing simultaneously. Phy-
sical aigna.  A dull sound  is yielded by percus-
sion  for a variable  extent ower the more depen-
dent portions of the affected side.  The  loss of
sound is partially modified by change of position.
The  respiratory murmur on auscultation  is very
feeble or absent inferiorly;  higher up, the crepi-
tation or bronchial respiration of pneumonia may
be detected; round the root of the lung, and near
the inferior angle of the scapula,  egophony is
generally  present.  There  is seldom much en-
largement of the affected  side,  or displacement
of the  adjacent organs, as in the case of simple
chronic pleurisy.
  PLEUROPNEUMA, Pneumathorax.
  PLEUROPNEUMONIA,  Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PLEUROPNEUMONIAS,   Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema.
  PLEURORRHCE'A,  from irXevpa,  'the side,'
and peta, ' I flow.'  Accumulation of  fluid in the
pleura.
  Pleuorrhcea Chylosa, Chylothorax—p.Lym-
phatica, Hydrothorax — p.  Purulenta, Empyema
— p. Sanguinea, Haematothorax—p.  Serosa, Hy-
drothorax.
  PLECRORTHOPNOE'A, from irXevpa,  'the
side,' opSos, ' erect,'  and trveta, ' I respire.'  Pain
of the  side, which does not permit the patient to
breathe, except when in the vertical  position.
  PLEUROSO'MUS,  from irA£i>pa,  'side,'  and
atupa, 'body.'   A malformation in which  the fis-
sure is  somewhat lateral,  with  eventration ex-
tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo-
men and  upon the chest; the upper extremity
of the  fissured  side being more or less atrophied.
—Vogel.
  PLEUROSTO'SIS,  from irXevpa,  'the  pleura,'
and oareov, 'a bone.'  Ossification of the  pleura,
or in the cavity of the pleura.   Oateopleu'ria.
  PLEUROTETANUS, Pleurothotonos.
  PLEUROTHOT'ONOS,  Pierrot'onoa,  Plenro-
tet'anua, Tetanua  laterdlia, from irXevpoSev, 'late-
rally,' and rovos, 'tension.'  A variety of tetanus,
in which  the  body is curved laterally  by the
stronger contraction of the muscles of one side
of the body.
  PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos.
  PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura.
  PLEVRE, Pleura.
  PLEXIM'ETER, Plexom'eter, Plegom'eter,
Plessim'eter,  from irAijo-o-co,  ' I strike,' and perpov,
' measure,' ' a measure of percussion.'  An ivory
plate of a circular or ovoid shape, from an inch
and a half to two inches in diameter, and about
one-sixth  of an inch in thickness.  It has either
a raised rim or edge, or projecting handles on its
upper side, to permit its being held between the
finger  and thumb of the left hand, whilst it is
struck with the right.  It  is used in percussion
of the chest.   A piece of  metal, a coin, or the
finger  of  the left hand may be used with equal
advantage.—See Percussion, mediate.
   PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter.
   PLEXOR, from irXneaia, 'I  strike.'   Plesser.
Any instrument  employed in percussion.  The
ends of the fingers of the right hand brought to-
gether arc the best plexor; as  the finger of the
left is, perhaps, the best pleximeter.
   PLEXUS, Plegma, Plec'tane, Plane, Rete, from
plecto, ' I interlace,' T entwine.' (F.) Lads.  A
network of blood vessels or of nerves. The nerv-
ous plexuses, Implicatio'nes reticula'res seu  Tex-
tua nervorum belong — aome to the system of en-
cephalic nerves—others to that of the great sym-
pathetic ;  whilst  some, as the pharyngeal, seem
to be formed of the  two sets.   The plexuses re-
present complex  networks, with more  or less 
PLICA
68S
PLUMBI
  loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver-
  sified anastomoses of the nervous filaments ; from
  which  proceed other branches,  that  are  distri-
  buted to organs, or  to other plexuses.
    I lexus, Cardiac, Cardiac plexus—p. Carotid,
  8eVYu',>tld nerve — P- Choroidea, see Choroid —
  p. Lilians, Ciliary ligament—;>. t7cetta?/ue,Co3liac
  plexus —p. Coronarius ventriculi, Gastric plexus
  —p. Coronary, see Cardiac plexus, and Coronary
  plexus — p.  Gangliformis semilunaris,  Coeliac
  plexus—p. Ganglioformes, Ganglions, nervous—
  p. Glandiformes, Ganglions, nervous—p. Glandu-
  losi  Peyeri, Peyeri  glandula? — p.  Hederaceus,
  Corpus  pampiniforme—p. Hepaticus,  Hepatic
  plexus—ji. Infra-thyroideal, see Thyroideal veins
  —p. Lombo-ubdominal, Lumbar plexus — p. Me-
  dian, Ccelic plexus — p. Mesenterii proprius et
  maximus, Coeliac plexus —p. Nervorum  anseri-
  nus, Facial  nerve— p. Opistogastrique,  Cceliac
  plexus—p. Pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme
  —p. Pharyngeal, see Pharyngeal nerve—p. Pneu-
  mogastricus, see  Pneumogastric nerves—p. Reti-
  formis, Corpus cavernosum vagina?—p. Reticula-
  ris,  Buibus vestibuli, Choroides plexus—p.  Solar,
  Coeliac plexus—p. Soua-miacnteriqne, Hypogas-
  tric plexus —p. Teaticulaire, Spermatic plexus—
  p. Trachilo-sous-cutani, Cervical plexus—p.Vas-
  culosus  funiculi  spermatid pampiniformis, Cor-
  pus pampiniforme.
    PLICA, from  plicari,  'to be knit together.'
  Tricho'eie plica, Tricho'ma, Trica, T. Incuborum,
  T. Scrofo'rum, Plica Polonica, P. Polon'ica Ju-
  da'ica,   P. Cachec'tica,  P. Saxon'ica, Affec'tio
  Sarmat'ica, Matted hair, Plaited hair, Trichom'-
  atoee hair, Luea Sarmat'ica, L. Polon'ica, L. Tri-
  chomat'icn, Helo'aia,  Helo'tia, Cir'ragra, Cir'rha-
  gra,  C.  Polono'rum, Ecphy'ma tricho'ma, Morbua
  Cirrho'rum, Plica caput Mcdu'aa, Plica longi-
  cau'da latera'lis,  Coma  Casdrea, Kolto,  Rhopa-
  lo'eie, Plica'tio, Plicatu'ra, (F.) Plique, P. Polo-
  naiee.  A disease endemic  in  Poland, Lithuania,
  and  other parts of Northern  Europe; so called
  on account of its being characterized by inter-
  lacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting of
  the  hair.  By  some it has been regarded as a
* disease; by others, as the want  of attention  to
  cleanliness.  However this may be, it generally
  appears upon the hair of the head, but sometimes
  in that of other parts, as the  beard, the  hair on
  the axilla, pubes, Ac.  Alibert admits three spe-
  cies  of  plica.   1. Plica  mu/tiform'ia or Plica
  caput Mcdu'aa, in which the hairs are mixed and
  agglutinated in greater or  less masses;  and this
  has been again subdivided  into two varieties, ac-
  cording as the meshes are almost straight (P. C.
  M. lacinidta,  (F.) Plique  en  laniiircs) or much
  twisted   (F.) P.  en  vrillea.)   2.  Plica  longi-
  cau'da,  (F.) Plique aolitaire ou d queue; when
  the hair is united  into a single  long  mass, and
  3.  Plica ceapito'ea,   (F.)  Plique  en  maeee, in
  which the hairs are matted  into one large, shape-
  less  mass.   Pinel places  this disease amongst
 the Cutaneous phlegmasia ;  but it is far from de-
 monstrate.!, that it is the result of inflammation
 of  the skin.   Certain it is, however, that the
 tangling of the hair is symptomatic of an affec-
 tion— sui generis—of the dermoid system.  The
 idea that it is entirely owing  to want of cleanliness,
 as  has been conceived by some, is not tenable.
   Plica,  Plectane — p. Cachectica,  Plica — p.
 Caput Medusa?, Plica—p.  Longicauda lateralis,
 Plica—p. Lunata, Valvula semilunaris — p. Po-
 lonica Judaica, Plica — p.  Saxonica, Plica — p.
 Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris.
  PLICATIO, Plica.
  PLICATURA, Plica.
  PLICATUR^E CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri.
  PLICHOS, Perinmum.
    PLINTHIUM, trXivStov.  A machine invented
  by one Nileus, which was formerly employed in
  the reduction  of fractures and luxations.  Scul-
  tetus describes it in his Armamentarium Chirur-
  gicum.
    PLIQUE, Plica—p. Polonaise, Plica.
    PLOCARIA CANDIDA, Fucus amylaceus.
    PLOMB, Plumbum.
    PLOMB, (F.)  The  sulphuretted gas  disen-
  gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times
  to the nightmen,  (F.)  Vidangeurs,  engaged in
  emptying them. ^
    PLOMB, ACETATE  ACIDE DE, Plumbi
  superacetas—p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas—p.
  Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas—p. Carbonate de,
  Plumbi subcarbonas—p. Chlorure  de, Plumbi
  chloridum—p. lodure de, Plumbi iodidum—p.
  Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras—p. Oxide de,  fondu,
  Plumbi oxydum semivitreum—p. Oxide rouge de,
  Plumbi oxydum rubrum—p. Oxide semi-vitreux
  de, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   PLOMB AGINE, Graphites.
   PLOMBIERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,
  Fontes medica'U Plumbdrii, Therma Plumbaria.
  Plombieres is  a town in  the department  of the
  Vosges, 17 leagues from  Nancy, and two from
  Remiremont.  Here are several sources of ther-
  mal  water.  That  which  is  called Saponaceous
  (F.) Savonneuse, is formed of the subcarbonate
 and sulphate of soda,  chloride of sodium,  silica,
 carbonate of lime, and much vegeto-animal mat-
 ter.  This last component, when held in solution
 by means  of the subcarbonate of soda, gives to
 the water an  unctuous character.   This  is  the
 origin  of its name.    The  waters of  Plombieres
 are employed as solvents in engorgements of tho
 abdominal viscera, and as  alteratives in  chronio
 diseases of the skin.
   PLORATIO, Lachrymatio.
   PLORATUS, Lachrymatio.
   PLOTUS, Leiopus.
   PLUGGING (Sw.) Plugg,  (F.) TamponnemenU
 The act of stopping a hole.  The introduction of
 a plug of lint or rag into a wound or natural ca-
 vity—as the uterus  or vagina—to arrest hemor-
 rhage ; or of some substance into a carious tooth
 to prevent toothache.
   PLUM, Prunum, Prunus domestica—p.  Assy-
 rian, Sebestina.
   PLUMA, Lanugo.
   PL UMA CEA U, Pledget.
   PLUMACEOLUS, Pad,  Pledget.
   PLUMASSEAU,  Pledget.
   PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria.
   Plumba'go Europ^e'a, P. lapathifo'lia seu  un-
 dula'ta, Denta'ria, Crepanel'la, Squama'pia, Den-
 tela'ria, Leadwort,  (F.) Dentelaire,  Herbe  au
 Cancer.  Family, Pluinbaginea?.   Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria  Monogynia.   The root was formerly
 much esteemed  as a cure for the toothache, like  the
 Pii/iton/ of Spain, which is also called Dentaria.
   PLUMBI ACETAS, P. superacetas—p. Acetas
 dilutum alcoholicum, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
 dilutus — p. Acidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas
 —p. Carbonas,  P. Subcarbonas.
   Plumbi  Chlo'ridum, Chloride of Lead, (F.)
 Chlorure de Plomb.  This salt of lead has  been
 used in the form of  lotion  and ointment in can-
 cerous ulcerations.
   Plumbi  Deutoxydum Rubrum, P. oxydum
 rubrum—p. Hydriodas, P.  Iodidum — p. Iodhy-
 dras, P. Iodidum.
   Plumbi Iod'idum, Plumbi Iodure'tum seu Hy-
 driodas seu  HydroVodaa seu Iodhydraa, Plum-
 bum ioda'tum seu Hydroiod'icum, Todide or  Iod-
 uret of Lead,   (F.) lodure  de Plomb, Iodurt,
plombique.   This salt  is formed  by the double
 decomposition of iodide of potaaaium and nitrate 
PLUMBI
of lead.  Itis used in scrofulous affections intern-
ally and externally.   Dose, three or four or more
grains.  It is officinal in the Pharmacopoeia U. S.
for 1851.
  Plumbi Ioduretum, P. Iodidum.
  Plumbi Nitras,  Plumbum  ni'tricum,  Nitras
plumb'ieus, Nitrum  Batumi''num, Nitrate of lead,
(F.)  Nitrate  de Plomb.  A  salt formed  by the
action of diluted nitric acid on litharge.   Nitrate
of lead has the same medical action as the other
soluble' salts of lead, and is a valuable antibromie.
It has  been  used, also, as an excitant antiseptic
to wounds, ulcers, Ac,  and is the basis of Le-
doyen's disinfecting liquid.
  Plumbi Nitrosac'charas, Nitrosac'charate of
lead.   (Sacchar. p.  j; Acid, nitric, p. ij ; Aqua
p. x.)  Beat together in a porcelain dish as long
as chemical  action  continues : dilute the liquor
with water, neutralize with chalk, and to the fil-
tered solution add acetate  of lead so long as a
precipitate is  formed.  Collect,  wash, and  dry
the precipitate, which is saccharate of lead. Dis-
solve in dilute  nitric acid, (one part acid to
nineteen of  water,) filter and  evaporate to form
crystals, which  are  transparent,  of an  amber
colour, and in regular hexagonal plates or prisms.
  Advised as a solvent of phosphatic  calculi.
  Plumbi Oxydum  Album,  Plumbi subcarbonas
—p.  Oxydum  carbonatum per acidum acetosum,
Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxydum  fusum, PI.
oxydum semivitreum.
  Plumbi Oxydum  Rubrum, 3Iin'ium,  Miltua,
Deutox'ydum plumbi rubrum,  Superox'ydum Plum-
bo'aum, Plumbum oxyda'tum rubrum, Sandix, San-
dy x,  Red lead, (F.)  Oxide de plomb rouge.  It is
sometimes used to kill vermin.
  Plumbi Ox'ydum Semivit'reum. Lithar'gyrue,
Lithargyrmm, Lithargyr'ium, Oxydum plumbi fu-
sum,  Spuma  argent'i, Semi-vit'rifled oxyd of lead
or litharge, Calciteo'ea,  Cath'mia, (F.) Oxide de
plomb fondu, Oxide de plomb aemivitreux, (a yel-
low  protoxyd of lead,  prepared  by heat, com-
bined with carbonic acid.)  It occurs in scales
of a whitish-red colour, and  semi-vitrified.  It is
employed for pharmaceutical purposes, as in the
Liquor plumbi acetatis, Emplastrum  plumbi, Ac
Formerly, the Litharge of gold, Chryaitia, Mas'-
sicot, and Litharge of silver, Almariab, were dis-
tinguished in commerce.   These were  merely
ordinary litharge,  resembling gold or silver in
colour.
  Plumbi  Subcar'bonas,   Car'bonas plumbi,
Plumbi Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Plumbum carboni-
cum, Magiate'rium plumbi, Oxydum plumbi album,
Cerusaa,  jEru'go plumbi, Peimmyth'ion,  Peym'-
mython, Simmitium, Flake white, Blanca, Gerea,
If'fldee,  Snbcar'bonate  of lead, Ccrusse,  White
lead, (F.) Carbonate de plomb, Blanc de plomb,
Plomb blanc, (prepared by exposing spiral rolls
of lead to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed
in dung.) It is inodorous; has a sweet taste ; is
brittle; friable; snow white,  and of a  minute,
scaly texture.   It is astringent and sedative, and
is sprinkled  on parts  affected with local inflam-
mation, or to prevent chafing  in children.  It is
also  used in  the formation  of  ointments  and
plasters.
  Plumbi SuPERACE'TAS,t7eri/8'sao-ce<a'«a,PZu7??6i
aciciulua aiccua, Plumbi ace'taa  (Ph. U.  S.), Sal
vel eac'charum  Satur'ni, Superac"etate of lead,
Plumbum ace'ticum,  Dulce'do Satur'ni,  Acetas
plum'bicum crystalliea'tum, Sal plumbi, Sugar of
lead, Protoac"etate  of lead,  (F.)  Acitate acide de
plomb,  Sel ou siicre de Saturne.   (Plumb, carb.
Ibj, Acid acetic, cong.  IJ.   Boil the lead with
the acid till  it is saturated;  then strain through
paper, and evaporate to a pellicle, that  crystals
may be formed.  Wash the  crystals and dry on
PNEUMATICA
blotting-paper.  Ph. L.)  The acetate of lead has
a sweet, styptic-  taste; a very white colour,  and
silky lustre.  It is astringent; and, in weak solu-
tion, cooling and sedative; in etrong, stimulant
It is given internally, in visceral and  other he-
morrhages, combined with opium,  and is  used
externally, in  solution, in inflammation, burns,
bruises, gonorrhoea, Ac.  Dose, gr. ss to iss.
  Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin.
  PLUMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA-
TUM,  Plumbi superacetas.
  PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi
oxydum rubrum.
  PLUMBUM, Molyb'doa, Molibdua, Saturn'ua,
Capricor'nus, (F.) Plomb.  Lead.   A solid metal
of a bluish white  colour;  more malleable  than
ductile; soft enough to be scratched by the  nail;
very fusible and oxydizable, when heated in the
air, and existing, in nature,  under a number
of different shapes;  the principal of which are
those of sulphuret and oxyd.   S. g. 11.352.
  Its use is to form oxides and salts.  In its me-
tallic state, it has no action upon the body ; but
when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in
large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison.
  Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi superacetas — p.
Album, Tin—p. Candidum, Tin—p. Carbonicum,
Plumbi subcarbonas — p.  Cinereum,  Bismuth,
subnitrate of—p. Hydroiodicum,  Plumbi Iodi-
dum— p.  Iodatum, Plumbi Iodidum—p. Nitri-
cum,   Plumbi  nitras — p. Oxydatum  rubrum,
Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
  PLUMS, SEEDED, see Diospyros Virginiana
— p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana — p. Yel-
low, see Diospyros Virginiana.
  PLUNGE BATH, see Bath.
  PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon.
  PLUNKETT'S  CAUSTIC  FOR CANCERS,
Plunkett's Ointment.
  Plunkett's  Ointment, Plunkett's Caustic for
Cancers.  This empirical cancer remedy consists
of Arscnioas  acid,  Sulphur,  and the powdered
flowers of the Ranunculua flammula and Cotula
fcetida; — levigated and made into  a paste with
the white of egg, and applied, on a  piece of pig's*
bladder, to the surface of the cancer.
  PLURAL BIRTH, see Multiparous.
  PLUTEA.   Avicenna gives this  name to du-
plicatures of the dura mater,  such as  the Falx
CCVCOVtm
  PLUTONIUM, Barium.
  PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum.
  PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum.
  PNEUMA,  Air, Life.  See  Pneumatic  Physi-
cians.
  PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneumonapoete'ma, Ab-
aceaaua pulmo'num; from irvevutav, 'the lung;'  and
airoarnpa, ' abscess.'  Abscess of the lung.
  PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pulmo-
num.
  PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothorax.
  PNEUMATTC,  Pneumati'cus,  Pneumat'ical,
from irvevpa, 'life, air.'  Relating  to pneuma, air
or health.
  Pneumat'ic Physicians, Pneumat'id.   Name
given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom
was Athenaeus, who tnade health and  disease  to
consist in the  different proportions of an element
—which they  called Pneuma, irvevpa—to those  of
the other elementary principles.  This irvevpa was
a fancied spiritual principle, which the  Stoics re-
garded as  an element, different from water, air,
earth and fire; — the sole  elementary  principles
previously admitted.
  PNEUMATTCA, from irvevpa, 'air.'  Apper-
taining to the breathing.  Diseases  of  the respi-
ratory   function; — the second" class in  Good's
fi 
PNEUMATICAL              687                PNEUMONIA
system of nosology.  Agents that act on the res-
piratory organs.—Pereira.
  PNEUMATICAL, Pneumatic.
  PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele.
  PNEUMATOSES, from irwi^a, 'wind,' and
cicos, 'resemblance.'   One  distended with  air, or
who breathes with difficulty, owing to an accumu-
lation of flatus in the digestive tube; or, accord-
ing to others, owing to emphysema.
  PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer.
  PNEUMATOM PHALOCELE,  Pneumatom-
phalus.
  PNEUMATOM' PHALUS, Pneumatomphalo-
ce'/e, from irvevpa, 'flatus,' and optpaXos, 'the um-
bilicus.'   Umbilical intestinal hernia, containing
a considerable quanty of flatus.
  PNEI 'MA TOSE, Pneumatosis—p.Piritoniale,
Tympanites.
  "PNEUMATOSIS, Aero'sis, from irvevpa, 'air.'
Flatus, (F.) Maladie venteuse, Pneumatose.   Fla-
tulence.   Flatulent distention of the stomach or
bowels, or both.  Sauvages uses the word syno-
nymously with emphysema.  It is now generally
employed for every abnormous collection of gase-
ous matters in any part of the body.
   Pneumatosis,  Emphysema — p.  Abdominis,
Tympanites — p. Enterica, Colica  flatulenta—p.
Pulmonum, Emphysema of the lungs—p. Ven-
triculi, et Pneumatosis enterica, Flatulence.
   PNEUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
   PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the  Lungs.
   PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia.
   PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious).
   PNEUMOCHYSIS, GEdema of the lungs.
   PNEUMOECTASIE,   Emphysema   of  the
 lungs.
   PNEUMOGASTRIC, Pneumogas'tricus, from
 rvevptav,  ' the lung,' and yaarrip, ' the stomach.'
 Belonging to the lungs and stomach.
   Pneumogastric Nerves, Eighth pair of nerves
 ( Tenth pair of  some),  Par vagum, Pars vaga,
 Xervue vagus seu ambulato'rius seu pneumogas'-
 tricua seu  dec"imua seu  aympath'icua me'dius,
 Middle  sympathetic; because  it is distributed
 especially to  the organs contained  in the chest
, and abdomen.   This  nerve arises from  behind
 the eminentia? olivaria? and near the corpora res-
 tiformia  by one  or two rows of filaments, regu-
 larly arranged.  These  filaments unite to  form a
 flat cord, which  issues  from the cranium  by the
 foramen lacerum posterius; behind the  glosso-
 pharyngeal nerve. At its  exit from the cranium,
 the pneumogastric nerve has the appearance of a
 very compact plexus—Plexus gangliform'ie, Gan-
 glion of the euperior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley
 Cooper.  1\ then descends along the neck,  deeply
 seated on the outside of the carotid  artery and
 the internal jugular vein.   When it has attained
 the lower part of the  neck, it  enters the chest,
 gliding  behind the  subclavian vein, and passing
 on the  right side, in front of the subclavian ar-
 tery, and, on the left, before the arch of the aorta.
 It proceeds, at first, backwards,  increasing in
 size. Afterwards, it passes from behind the bron-
 chia to  the oesophagus, which it  accompanies
 through the  diaphragm, and terminates  on  the
 stomaeh.  In the neck, the pneumogastric nerve
 anastomoses with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal,
 great hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves;
 and furnishes, 1, a, pharyngeal  branch, 2, a eupe-
 rior laryngeal, 3, cardiac  branchea.  In the chest,
 it  gives off, 1, the inferior laryngeal or recurrent,
 1, the pulmonary plexus,  and,  3, the oesophageal
 branches.  On  entering the abdomen, the ceso
 phageal branches, whieh  terminate the pneumo
 gastric,  are distributed upon the stomach, and
 give numerous  filaments  to that  viscus, to the
 hepatic, cceliac, gastro-epiploic, and solar plexuses
Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall-blad-
der, duodenum, Ac.
  PNEUMOGRAPHY,  Pneumogrdphia,  from
trvevpiav, ' the lung,'  and ypatpr,,  ' a description,'
The part of anatomy that describes the lungs.
  PNEUMOL'GGY, Pneumolog"ia, from trvevviav,
'the lung,'and Aoyof, 'a discourse.'   An anato-
mical treatise  on the lungs.  An anatomical de-
scription of the lungs.
  PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer.               I
  PNEUMOM'ETRY, Pneumomet'ria, from trvev-
piav,  ' the lung,' and perpov, ' measure.' Measure-
ment of the capacity of the lungs  for air.   See
Spirometer.
  PNEUMON, Pulmo.
  PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris.
  PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul-
monum.
  PNEUMONECTASIS.Emphysemapulmonum.
  PNEUMONEMPHRAX'IS,from  trvevpiav, 'the
lung,' and eptppa^ts, 'obstruction.' Congestion and
infarction of the lungs.
  PNEUMO'NIA, Empres'ma pneumoni'tia, Pleu-
mo'nia, Peripneumo'nia, Pneumo'nia peripneumo'-
nia, Pneumonitis, Pulmo'nia, Pulmondria, In-
flamma'tio pneumon'ica,  I. pec'toria acu'ta,  I.
pulmo'num, Pneumoa'taaia, Pneu'mony, Peripneu'-
mony, Inflammation of the lunga, Lung-fever (vul-
garly), Febria pneumon'ica, (F.) Inflammation des
poumons, Fievre pnenmonique,  F. peripneumo-
nique, Fluxion de poitrine, Inflammation du pa-
renchyme pulmonaire.  The chief  symptoms of
pneumonia are :—pyrexia,  accompanied  by  pain,
sometimes obtuse, at others pungent, — in  some
part of the thorax; pulse more or less quick and
hard, according to the violence and extent of the
local disorder;  pain, aggravated by the cough,
which,  with dyspnoea, exists throughout the dis- .
ease.  At first, the expectoration is  difficult and
painful; but, in the course of a  few days, it be-
comes free,  and the  oppression of breathing is
mitigated.  AVhen the inflammation, instead of
going off by resolution,  passes on to suppuration,
rigors are experienced; the respiration becomes
more oppressed, but less painful, and a  sense of
weight is felt on one of the pleura?.  Pneumonia
may, also, terminate by gangrene—but this rarely
happens, — by induration and by hepatization.
   Physical  Signs.  First Stage,  (F.)  Engoue-
ment.   Diminution of the  sound is  generally ob-
served over the affected part on percussion ; aus-
cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rdle,
which is best heard at the  close of a deep  inspi-
ration,  and  on  coughing.  The respiratory mur-
mur is  intermingled with the crepitant rate, or it
may be absent.  In the neighbourhood of  the
 affected parts it is natural  or puerile. The voice
 and cough are rather more resonant than usual.
 Second Stage, (F.) Hipatisation  rouge.  When
 hepatization  has occurred, the motion of the af-
 fected  side  is  impeded, and immediately  above
 the sternum and in  the corresponding triangular
space on either side, there is often an evident
 depression.   Percussion is dull over the affected
part in every position of the patient.  On auscul-
 tation,  the crepitation is found to be replaced hy
 bronchial respiration.  The respiratory murmur
 is louder in  the other  portions of  the  lung, the
 voice  and  cough  are  more  resonant,  and  the
 heart's action is  more distinct.  Third Stage,
 (F.) Hepatisation grise.  When suppuration su-
 pervenes, the same signs persist; but usually the
 voice and cough are less resonant, and  a coarte,
 mucous rate is heard. When gangrenous or sup-
 purative cavities are formed,  they present  the
 ordinary signs.
   The  prognosis must  be  guarded.   It is  not a 
PNEUMONIC
PNCEUM
disease which we can always subdue.  Great ex-
tent of inflammation ;  very considerable oppres-
sion ;  orthopncea, and difficult expectoration are
unfavourable symptoms.  The most active treat-
ment  is of course necessary.  General bleeding
forms the sheet-anchor,—employed so as to make
a decided impression on the system, and repeated,
if necessary;  local blood-letting;   nauseating
doses  of antimonials ; purgatives ;  and when the
violence of the inflammation has been got under,
— counter-irritants,  Ac.   Chronic   pneumonia
sometimes  succeeds the  acute,  and, at others,
occurs accidentally.  It  must be managed  on
general principles.  Small bleedings, especially
locally;  and counter-irritants of  all kinds are
indicated.
  Pneumonia Biliosa, P. bilious.
  Pneumonia, Bilious, Pneumo'niabilio'aa,Pneu-
mocholo'ais. Inflammation  of the lungs, accom-
panied by gastric  fever, and not uncommonly by
typhoid symptoms ; — Pneumotyphus, Pneumo'nia
typhoi'dee  seu typho'dea seu typho'aa, Putrid, ty-
phoid, adynamic,  or eryaipel'atoua pneumo'nia.
  Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous, P.  bilious — p.
Gangraenosa, Necropneumonia — p. Hypostatica,
Pneumonypostasis — p. Intermittens, Pneumoty-
posis — p. Lobular, see Lobular—p. Notha, Peri-
pneumonia notha—p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia
— p.  Putrid, P. bilious — p. Typhodes, P. bilious
— p.  Typhoid, P. bilious—p. Typhosa, P. bilious,
Necropneumonia—p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi-
cular.
  PNEUMONIC, Pulmonic.
  PNEUMON'ICA. Diseases affecting the lungs,
their  membranes or motive power; characterized
by  irregular,  impeded, or  painful   respiration.
The second order of the class Pneumatica  of
Good.
  PNEUMONIC'ULA, diminutive of pneumonia.
A slight inflammation of the lung.
  PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic.
  PNEUMONIE, Pneumonia —p. Dieaiminie,
see Lobular—p. Lobulaire, see Lobular—p. Ma-
melonnie, see Lobular.
  PNEUMONIE DES  AGONISANTS, Pneu-
monie hypoatatique.  The hypera?mic engorge-
ment, which takes place in the lungs during the
last moments of  life,  has been so  termed.   It
would seem to be  hypera?mia rather  than inflam-
mation.
  PNEUMONIT'IC, Pneumonit'icua.  Of, or be-
longing to pneumonitis,  or inflammation of the
lungs.
  PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia.
  PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA,  from  trvevpiav,
'the lung,' and Kapxtviapa, 'cancer.'  Cancer  of
the lungs.
  PNEUMONOCE'LE, from trvevpiav, 'the lung,'
and K17A17, 'rupture.'  Hernia of the lung.
  Pneumonoce'le Diaphragmat'ica Inter'na.
Hernia of the lung through the diaphragm.
  Pneumonocele  Exter'na seu Thorac"ica,
Hernia through the parietes  of the chest.
   Pneumonocele Thoracica, Pn. externa.
  PNEUMONrEDEMA, ffidema of the lungs.
  PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis.
  PNEUMoNOPHTHISIS.Phthisispulmonalis.
  PNEUMONOPHTHOE, Phthisis  pulmonalis.
   PNEUMONOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PNEUMONOPLEURITIS,  Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PNEUMONORRHAGIA, Ha?moptysis.
  PNEUMONORRHOM, Ha?moptysis.
  PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS, from trvevpiav, 'the
lung,' and onippos, ' induration.'  Induration  of
the lungs.
   PNEUMONOSES,  Pneumoaes.
  PNEUMONY, Pneumonia.
  PNEUMONYPOSTASIS, Pneumo'nia  hypo-
stat'ica.  Pneumonia in a depending portion of
the lung, caused by lying on the back.
  PNEUMOPERICARDE,  Pneumo - pericar-
dium.
  PNEUMO-PERICARDTUM,  Pneumo -peri-
carditis, (F.)  Pneumo-piricarde, from  irvevpa,
' air,' and  trtptKapStov,  ' pericardium.'  Laennec
designates,  under this name,  the effusion of air
into  the cavity of the pericardium.
  PNEUMOPIITHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PNEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles of the lungs.
  PNEUMOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneumony.
  PNEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PNEUMORRHAGIA, Ha?moptysis — p. In-
terna, Ha?matothorax.
  PNEUMOSEl'SIS, Necropneumonia.
  PNEUMOSES,  from trvevpiav, ' the lung.'  A
term under which Alibert comprises every mor-
bid affection of the lungs.
  PNEUMOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax,  Pneu-
matotho'rax, Emphyse'ma pec'toris, Asthma a'eri-
11111,  A. emphyaemat'icum, Dyapnoe'a pneumat'ica,
D.  phyeathorac"ica,  Phyaothorax,  Aerothorax,
Aeropleurie (Piorry),   from  irvevpa, 'air,'  and
3uipa|,  ' the thorax.'  An accumlation of air in
the cavity of the pleura.  A complaint generally
sudden in  its invasion  and fatal in its character.
In many instances, along with the air, a liquid is
effused,—Hydropneumothorax.  The  disease may
be spontaneous and  simple, but in  a large pro-
portion  of  cases it is complicated with pleurisy
and  pulmonary tubercles.  The  signs vary ac-
cording as  there is, or is not, a communication
between  the pleura and the bronchia.  The  af-
fected  side gives  a  hollow,  tympanitic  sound,
even where the thickness of the parietes of the
thorax is great.  When the effusion is consider-
able, the affected side is dilated, but there is no
rcMe of any kind.  When a gaseous  and a liquid
effusion are present at the  same time, the sound
on percussion is found to be clear at the superior
part of the  thorax, but  dull inferiorly ; hence, by
varying  the position of the patient,  and by con-
sequence that  of the contained fluids, the seats
of the clear  and the dull  sound will be varied.
When the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous
communication between the pleura and bronchia,
the metallic respiration and resonance are heard;
and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion,
with a  fistulous communication, in addition to
these signs there is the tintement mitallique. The
presence of liquid  can  always be ascertained by
succussion.  See Emphrysema of the lungs.
   PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from irvev-
utav, 'the lung,' and repvia,, 'F cut.'  Dissection
of the lungs.
   PNEOMOTYPHUS, Pneumonia,  typhoid.
   PNEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pneumo'nia  intermit'-
tena, from  trvevpiav,  ' the  lung,'  and rviros, ' a
stamp,  a  type.'   Pneumonia characterized by
periodicity.
   PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS,Docimasiapulmonum.
   PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEUSIS, Respiration—p. Pertussis, Pertus-
sis— p.  Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis.
   PNEUSOMETER, Spirometer.
   PNIGALION, Incubus.
   PNIGMOS,  Orthopncea, Strangulation.
   PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris, Suffocation.
   PNIX, Orthopncea,  Strangulation.
   PNOE, Aura.
   PNC5UM.  A nostrum of Dr.  Samuel Hahne-
mann, the  founder of the 'Homoeopathic System,'
which consisted — it is said — of borax only! 
PNOOCOLYTICUS             689                 POISON
  PNOOCOLYTIOUS, Asthmatic.
  POf'IIE DES EAUX, see Liquor Amnii, and
Parturition.
  POCK,  from Teut. pocca,  'pock  or  little
pouch.'  A jiustulc of smallpox.
  Pock, Kine, Vaccina.
  POCKFRETTEN, see Pockmark.
  POCK HOLE, Pockmark.
  POCKMARK, Pockhole, Scrobic'ulue Variola,
Cicdtrix.  Variola.  The  mark  or pit or pitting
left from  a smallpox pustule.   One pitted with
smallpox  is said to be pockfretten.
  l'OCKY.   Infected with, or appertaining to,
or resembling, smallpox or syphilis.
  POC'ULUM, ABSINTHIATUM.  This was
regarded, in  remote ages, as a wholesome  beve-
rage; the absinthium, or 'wormwood,' being sup-
po-rd to act as an antidote to drunkenness.
  Poculum Amatorium,  Philter — p. Diogenis,
Palm — p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic.
  POD'AGRA, Podarthri'tia, Podorrheu'ma, Po-
dnigia, from trovs, ' the foot,' and aypa, ' seizure.'
Pain which attacks the feet. Gout, situate in the
articulations  of the foot.   It has, also, been used
in a more extensive signification synonymously
with gout.
  Podagra Aberrans,  Gout,  (wandering) — p.
Arthritis, Gout — p.  Retrograda, Gout, (retro-
grade.)
  PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum  podagraria— p.
JE go podium, Ligusticum podagraria.
  PODAGRIC, Podag'rica!,  Podag'ricus, Ar-
thrit'icue, Arthrit'ic, Gouty, (F.) Gonttenx.  Re-
lating or  belonging to gout.  Affected with gout.
  PODALGIA, Gout. Podagra.
  PODALYRIA TINCTORIA, Sophora tinctoria.
  PODANENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus.
  PODARTHRITIS, Podagra.
  PODARTUROC'ACE,  from irony,  'the  foot,'
apSpov, 'an articulation,'and xaxos, 'bad.'  Caries
of" the articulation  of the foot.
  PODENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus.
  PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alua, from
irouf, ' the foot,' and xetpaXn, ' the head.'   A mon-
ster whose brain is placed outside the skull, and
seems to be supported on a pedicle, which tra-
verses  the summit of the skull.  This state  of
monstrosity is  termed Podanencepha'lia, or more
properly, Podencepha'lia.— G. St. Hilaire.
  PODEX. Anus.
  PODGS'MA;  from irovs, 'foot,' and otSnpa,  'a
swelling.'  G'dema of the foot.
  PODOL'OGY, Podolog"ia, from irovs, 'the foot,'
and Xoyos, 'a  discourse.'  A  description of the
foot.   A treatise on the foot.
  PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM, Podophyi-
lum,  Anapodophyl/'um  Canadense, May-apple,
Mandrake   Family, Podophyllea?.  Sex. Syat.
Polyandria Monogynia. A common plant through-
out North America.   The fruit  is eatable, and
esteemed  by many.  The  leaves are said  to  be
poisonous.  The root  or  rhizoma, Podophyllum
(Ph. U. S.), is purgative  in the dose of 20 grains.
It has also been used as an anthelmintic.
  Podophyllum Monta'nim, Mountain May-ap-
jile. Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Duckafoot, Raccoon
Bern/,  Yellow Berry, Ground Lemon,  has  the
same properties.
  POOORRHEUMA, Podagra.
  PODOTIIE'CA,  from  irovs, 'a  foot,'and dnxn,
'a receptacle, a sheath.'   The cuticle of the foot.
An  anatomical preparation. Chirothe'ca, has been
\\<c\ for the cuticle of the hand.
  POELKTTE, Cup.
  POK'PHAG US ; from iron, or iroa, 'a plant, an
l.erb.' and ipayta, T cat.'   One who subsists on
herbs  or  vegetables.   The act of subsisting  or
       44
feeding on herbs or vegetables is called Poephag"-
ia.  Hence Strabo calls the Irish trontpayoi.
  POGON, Beard.
  POGONI'ASIS, Pogo'nia, from  trtayiav,  'the
beard.'  A female beard.   Also, great strength
or quantity of beard.   A female having a beard
— Vira'go.
  POGO'XIUM,  diminutive of trtayiav,  'beard.'
A weak or small beard.
  POHON ANTIAR, Upas.
  POL  A  favourite aliment  in  the Sandwich
Islands.   It is a sort of paste made from the root
of the Kalo—Arum esculen'tum.
  POIDS ET MESURES, Weights and  mea-
sures.      _,                    •
   POIGNEE, Manipulus.
  POIGNET, Carpus.
  POIL,  Hair.
  POILETTE.  Cup.
  FOILS, see Typha latifolia.
  POING, Fist.
  POINT, Stitch.
   Point,  Blistering.  A  name  given  by Dr.
Rush to an indeterminate period in the course of
a continued fever, intermediate between the stages
of high excitement and collapse, in which  blis-
ters will—he thought—usually produce unequi-
vocally good effects.  ^
  POINT DE  COTE, Pleurodynia.
  POINTS LACR YMA tVV.Lachryinaliapuncta.
   POIRE, see Pyrus communis.
  POIRE AU, Allium porrum.
   POIRIER, Pyrus communis.
  POIS,  Pisum—p. a Cautere, see Fonticulus —
p. Chiche, Cicer arietinum—p. Cultivi, Pisum —
p. d Gratter, Dolichos pruriens—p. Palate,  Doli-
chos tuberosus.
   POISON, Phar'macon, Phar'macum, Tax'icum,
 Vene'num, Virua, Delete'rium, Venena'tion, (F.)
Poison. A generic name for all substances which,
when introduced into the animal economy, either
by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di-
gestive  canal, act in  a noxious  manner on the
vital properties or the texture of organs.  Hence
we speak of fever poison, cholera  poison, Ac.
Poisons exist in the three  kingdoms of  nature;
but those  which proceed from  animals are  often
called venoms, as the venom  of the viper,  scor-
pion, tarantula, Ac; whilst those  that  are the
products  of  disease  have  the name virus.  In
common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted
to deleterious articles, furnished by  the  mineral
and vegetable kingdoms.  Orfila has divided poi-
sons  into four classes. 1. Acrid,  Ir'ritating,
Corro'sive, or Escharot'ic, such as the  concen-
trated acids  and alkalies ;  mercurial, arseniacal,
cupreous,  and antimonial  compounds, canthari-
des, Ac.   2.  Narcot'ic ; those that act particu-
larly upon the brain ;  as hyoscyamus, opium, Ac,
but without inflaming the organ with which they
come in contact.  3. Narcot'ico-Acrid or Acro-
narcot'ic ;—those  that act on the brain, but, at
the same  time, irritate the  parts to which  they
are applied ;  as aconite, belladonna, Ac.   4.  Sep-
tic or Putrescent:—those  furnished  by the
animal  kingdom.   See Venom and Virus.  Va-
rious  classifications, of a similar character,  have
been recommended by different toxicologists: but
they are liable to the objection, that they throw
substances together whose physiological action
on  the  system is very different.  It  is,  indeed,
difficult to avoid unnatural compression of  mat-
ters into places not properly belonging to them,
in all such arrangements.
  The following table, which exhibits a coup  d'ceil
of the chief  poisons,  with  most of the circum-
stances  of importance connected  with them, is
not free from these objections. 
POISONS                    690                   POISONS
TABLE, EXHIBITING  THE  SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT,  AND MODE  OF  DETECTING
            THE VARIOUS  POISONS,  MINERAL, VEGETABLE  AND ANIMAL.

                N. B. In all cases the Stomach-Pump ahould be uaed aa aoon aa poaaible.

                           I.   INORGANIC  POISONS.
Poisons.
   ACIDS.

 Acetic Acid.

  Citric Acid.

Muriatic Acid..

 Nitric Acid.

Sulphuric Acid.

 Tartaric Acid.

  Oxalic Acid.
Prussic Acid.
Oil of Bitter Al-
     monds.
Laurel Water.
ALKALIES and
 their SALTS.

   Ammonia,
Strong Liquor or
    Water of.

Muriate  of Am-
  monia  or  Sal
  Ammoniac.
Caustic  Potassa,
  and Liquor Po-
  tassa.

Carbonate of Po-
  tassa, or Pearl
  Ash, and Salt
  of Tartar.

Nitrate of Potas-
 sa or Saltpetre.

Sulphuret of Po
  tassium or Li-
  ver of Sulphur.
  The acids, generally, are
strong   corrosive  poisons.
Sour, acrid taste,  burning
in the throat; which is in-
creased  by pressure, swal-
lowing,  or coughing; eruc-
tation,  and  excruciating
pain in  the stomach; more
or less  corrugation of the
lining   membranes of the
mouth and prima  vise; ex-
coriation  about the mouth
or such other parts of the
skin as the acid may have
touched.  The  matter vo-
mited effervesces with car-
bonate  of lime.  The coun-
tenance becomes glazed, ex-
tremities cold and  clammy;
convulsions and death.  Ni-
tric  acid  occasions yellow
stains,  and sulphuric acid,
black.
  Is a sedative poison ; nau-
sea, giddiness, debility, hur-
ried pulse, weight anil pain
in  the  head;  eructations
having the  flavour of the
acid ; spasms, tetanus, con-
tractile pupil; convulsions,
death.
EARTHS   and
COMPOCNDS.
Carbonate of Ba-
     ryta.

Chloride  of  Ba-
     rium.

Nitrate  of  Ba-
     ryta.

     Lime.
Treatment.
  Violent,   caustic,  acrid
taste;  great heat in  the
throat, with destruction of
its lining membrane; diffi-
cult  and  painful  degluti-
tion;  vomiting  of bloody
matter, which  turns  the
yellow of turmeric brown ;
acute pain in the stomach ;
cold sweats, weakness, hic-
cough; violent  colic  pains,
with   purging  of  bloody
stools   and  membranous
Hakes; death.
  The  nitrate  of potassa
will not manifest the effect
with turmeric paper.  The
carbonates, when vomited,
will effervesce with acids;
and  the  liver  of sulphur
will give rise to eructations
of sulphuretted hydrogen.
  Analogous  to  thoee  of
the corrosive metals.  Vio-
lent  burning  in  the sto-
mach,   vomiting,  gripes,
diarrhcea;  excessive  mus-
cular   debility,  headache,
convulsions death.   Lime
differs from baryta in being
a pure irritant.
  The carbonates of soda,
potassa,  lime  and magne-
sia, are all antidotes to the
acids;  calcined  magnesia
also.  They are to be used
with the following restric-
tions : for the  acetic, citric,
muriatic,   sulphuric,   and
tartaric acids, they may be
used indiscriminately.  For
the nitric and oxalic,  car-
bonates  of  magnesia  and
lime can alone be employed
with safety. In the case of
sulphuric acid, water should
not be drunk, on  account
of the great heat which  is
produced by their mixture.
Subsequent  inflammation
to be treated by ordinary
means.
  The carbonates of the al-
kalies and of magnesia and
lime  have- the  inconve-
nience, that a large quan-
tity of gas is  extricated in
the stomach.
  Ammonia is an antidote;
but it  should  not  he  em-
ployed  in a very concen-
trated form.   Liquid chlo-
rine has also  been  found
efficacious. The cold douche
to the head has  been re-
commended.
Tests.
  The vegetable acids, such
  i vinegar,  lemon  juice,
citric and tartaric acid in
solution  are  antidotes  to
the alkalies and their car-
bonates.   The  fixed oils,
such as castor, linseed, al-
mond and olive, form soaps
with the free alkalies, and
thereforedestroy theircaus-
tic effects.
  Poisoning by nitrate of
poiassa to be treated on ge-
neral antiphlogistic princi-
ples; mucilaginous drinks.
  Liver of sulphur is said
to be decomposed  and neu-
tralized  by common  salt.
The liquid chloride of soda
will also decompose it.
  Sulphuric  acid is known by a
white precipitate with  any salt
of baryta, insoluble in nitric acid.
  Muriatic  acid is  known hy a
white precipitate with nitrate of
silver,  insoluble in  nitric acid,
which turns black- by the action
of light.
  Nitric acid gives rise to orangp-
coloured  fumes, when  copper  is
placed  in it. and  an  ability  to
dissolve  gold when  mixed with
muriatic acid.
  Acetic acid exhales the odour of
vinegar.
  Citric nejrfblackenswhen heated.
  Tartaric acid precipitates crys-
tals, with a solution of potassa ;
and a white precipitate is thrown
down by lime-water.
  Oxalic  acid gives a white preci-
pitate  with lime-water,  which,
when heated,  is converted  into
carbonate of lime.
  Prussic acid exhales the odour
of peach-kernels; forms a while
precipirate with nitrate of silver
neutralized with an alkali, gives
a blue precipitate with the per-
salts of iron.
  The  alkalies  are  known  hy
their action on  turmeric paper:
restoring  the  colour  of litmus,
which has  been reddened  by an
acid.

  Carbonates are known hy their
effervescence with an acid; some
of them affect the turmeric paper
Sal ammoniac gives out the pun-
gent odour of ammonia, when
mixed with quicklime.
  Nitrate of potassa decrepitates
and deflagrates when thrown on
hot coals.
  Liver of sulphur emits the odour
of sulphuretted  hydrogen when
dissolved, or  when  treated with
an acid.
  The  sulphates  of  soda
and magnesia are prompt
and effective antidotes to
all the poisonous salts of
baryta.  Phosphate of soda
will  also  counteract  their
effects.  Lime may lie neu-
tralized  by  dilute  acids.
Carbonic acid, in soda-wa-
ter, effervescing draught or
yeast, it is supposed, would
answer a  good' purpose.
The fixed oils may be em-
ployed either for baryta or
lime,  when not in  a  com-
pound state.
  Baryta and its salts invariably
give a white precipitate, insoluble
in acid, with a soluble sulphate,

  Lime, when dissolved,  gives a
white precipitate with oxalic acid.
Also  with carbonic  acid, or a
soluble carbonate.   The same of
baryta. 
POTSONS            Ml
POISONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.	Tests.
ALCOHOL. Brandy. Wines, and all Spirit-uous Liquors.	Intoxication, and when taken very freely, complete insensibility, with apo-plexy or paralysis of one side; the countenance swol-len and of a dark-red co-lour; the breathing diffi-cult, and often stertorous. with a peculiar puffing out of the lips; the breath smells of liquor, which will dis-tinguish the symptoms from those of spontaneous apo-plexy.	A powerful emetic of white vitriol, or tartar eme-tic, should be got into the stomach as soon as possi-ble ; and if the person has lost the power of swallow-ing, a flexible catheter or tube should be the means of conveying it thither The vomiting should be encou-raged as much as possible with warm water; and large and active glysters of salt and water should be thrown up. The patient should be placed erect, and if the countenance and other ap-pearances he not improved after these means have been used, the jugular vein may be opened, and cold wet cloths applied to the head. particularly if the body be hotter than natural. If the extremities become cold, warmth and friction should be perseveringly used.	
VOLATILE OILS. Cre<i«ot«. Dippcl's Animal Oil. Oil of Tar. Oil of Tobacco. Oilof Turpentine-Fusel Oil.	General action, thai of irritant poisons. Burning pain, vomiting, pungent taste, purging. &c. The oils of turpentine and tobacco affect the nervous system ; the peculiar odour of each oil will he manifested in the matter vomited. ■	Creasote is immediately coagulated by albumen Dippel's animal oil mav be counteracted with dilute acids and the fixed oils. The other oils have no par-ticular antidotes, and their effects must, therefore, be counteracted upon general principles.	No better mode of recognizing these substances exists, than that derived from their peculiar odour. Dippel's oil has the pungent odour of ammonia ; creasote and oil of tar, a peculiar smell of smoke; the odour of tobacco and turpen-tine are well known; and fusel oil has a peculiar, offensive, suf-focating odour.
GASES. Carbonic Acid, or Fixed Air. Carbonic Oxide. Fumes of Burn-ing Charcoal. Chlorine. Sulphuretted Hy-drogen.	Chlorine produces, when inhaled, violent irritation of the'organs of respira-tion ; cough, bloody expec-toration, inflammation of the lungs, and permanent pulmonary disease. The other gases, although pro-ducing some effect on the respiratory organs, act as poisons, in consequence of their sedative agency. The symptoms, therefore, are those of apoplexy, or nar-cotic poisoning.	The antidotes to chlorine are the cautious inhalation of ammonia, or sulphuret-ted hydrogen. The inflam-matory symptoms from chlorine to he treated on general principles. For the other gases, cold affusions to the head, blood-letting, artificial respiration.	Chlorine is recognized by its peculiar odour and bleaching pro-perties. Sulphuretted hydrogen, hy its fetid smell, and the rapid blackening of lead. Carbonic acid, by its occasioning turbid-ness in lime-water placed in its atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by the blue colour of its flame.
IODINE. Iodide of Potas-sium.	Irritant symptoms; burn-ing pain in the throat, lace-rating pain in the stomach, and fruitless efforts to vo-mit ; suffusion of the eyes; excessive pain and tender-ness of the epigastrium.	Iodine combines with starch, and forms an insolu-ble compound. The prompt administration of starch, wheat flour, or other vege-table matter containing fe-cula, beat up in water, is recommended. Iodide of potassium has no antidote. Vomiting should be pro-moted hy draughts of warm water, and inflammation lie subdued by general treat-ment.	Iodine is known by its odour, and the formation of a blue pre-cipitate, when brought in contact with a cold solution of starch. Iodide of prjtassium gives a crys-talline precipitate, with tartaric acid in excess. The supernatant fluid will give the blue colour to starch.
METALS. Antimony. 7Virtar Emetic. Chloride, or But-tariff Antimony. Oxide of Anti-mony.	Vomiting. If vomiting do not occur promptly, vio-lent irritant effects are produced. Burning pain in the pit of the stomach; Purging; colicky pains, sense of tightness in the throat, violent cramps; re-peated recurrence of vomit-ing.	If vomiting have not been produced, it should be brought about by tickling the fauces, and adminis-tering copious draughts of warm water. Astringent infusions, such as of galls. oak hark. Peruvian hark. act as antidotes, and should be given promptly; pow-dered yellow bark may be usfd. until the infusion is prepared.	Antimony in solution is hot distinguished by the peculiar orange-red precipitate, which it forms with sulphuretted hydro-gen or solutions of the hvdrosul phates. Free alkalies produce while precipitates. The muriate is known hy a white precipitate, wtipn it is poured into water. In its solid forms, it may be known by the formation of white fumes, when heated, which redden lit-mus. It may also be converted into rhlotide, and then precipi-tated by adding water.
 
POISONS                     692                    POISONS
    Poisons.


   Arsenic.

Arsenious  Acid,
or White Arsenic.

Orpiment. or Yel-
  low  Sulphuret
  of Arsenic.

 King's Yellow.

Realgar, or Red
  Sulphuret   of
  Arsenic.

  Fly Powder.

Fowler's Solution.

Arsenical Paste.

 Arsenical Soap.

Arsenite of Cop-
      per,
 Scheele's Oreen.
  Violent burning pain in
the region of the stomach
and bowels; tenderness on
pressure; retching: vomit-
ing; sense of dryness  and
tightness  in  the  throat;
thirst; hoarseness and diffi-
culty of speech;  the matter
vomited,  greenish  or  yel-
lowish, sometimes streaked
with blood ; diarrhcea ;  te-
nesmus; sometimes excori-
ation of the anus; urinary
organs occasionally affected
with violent burning pains
and suppression ;  convul-
sions and cramps; clammy
sweats ; lividity of the ex-
tremities ; countenance col-
lapsed ; eyes red and spar-
kling ; deiirium; death.
    Bismuth.

Nitrate of  Bis-
     muth.

  Pearl Powder.

Oxide ef Bismuth.

    Copper.
SulphaleofCopper
  Blue Vitriol.
Acetate of Copper,
    Verdigris.
Carbonate of Cop-
      per,
  Blue  Verditer.
Arsenite of Copper
 Scheele's Green.
Food  rooked  in
  dirty copper ves-
  sels,  or  pickles
  made green by
  copper.
Treatment.
  The hydrated peroxide of
iron diffused  through  wa-
ter ; or the precipitated  car-
bonate; or the rubigo ferri,
in very fine powder, to be
administered every five or
ten minutes, until relief is
obtained.   This is particu-
larly efficacious when  the
white arsenic has been swal-
lowed.  If the arsenic have
been  taken  in  the  form
of Fowler's Solution, lime-
ivater, in copious draughts,
may be given.   For either
of the other forms, emetics
of sulphate of zinc; dilu-
ents; demulcents, such as
flaxseed  tea,  infusion of
slippery elm, tec.  Counter-
irritants may be used to re-
lieve the spasm, and violent
pain in the stomach. Bleed-
ing, as promoting  absorp-
tion,  should  not  be  em-
ployed until the stomach is
completely evacuated.
  Similar to those produced
from other irritant poisons.
General  inflammation  of
the whole alimentary canal;
suppression of urine;  hic-
cough, disagreeable metal-
lic taste; vomiting; cramps;
delirium : death.

  Very similar to those pro-
duced by arsenic.  Coppery
eructations and taste.  Fa-
tal cases are generally ter-
minated  by  convulsions,
palsy, insensibility.
  Milk, and sweet mucila-
ginous  drinks  are recom-
mended.  Leeches, general
bleeding;  glysters;  fomen-
tations to be employed on
the  general  principles of
treatment for inflammatory
symptoms.

  Albumen to be adminis-
tered in either of its forms
which  can be most readily
obtained,  as milk or whites
of eggs.   Vinegar should
not be given.  The inflam-
matory symptoms are to be
treated on general princi-
ples, and so of the nervous.
Tests.
  If the suspected substance can
be obtained  free  from  organic
matter, the presence of arsenic
 lay readily be shown  by boiling
it in distilled water, filtering, and
testing with,  fst.  Animoniaco-
sulphate  of copper.  i!d. Ammo.
niaconilrate of silver.   (Hume's
Test) 3d. Sulphuretted  hydrogen
gas  The first will produce a green
precipitate ; second, a pale yellow
precipitate; third, a bright yellow
precipitate, if aisenic be present.
A portion of the powder, or one of
these precipitates, carefully and
thoroughly  dried, is then  to  be
mixed with charcoal and  exsic-
cated carbonate  of  soda,  to  be
placed in a small glass tube, closed
at one end, and then to be heated
to a red heat in the flame of a
lamp.   The arsenic will be re-
duced, and sublime in the upper
part of the tube, forming a dark
crust, having considerable lustre
on  its  exterior  surface, resem-
bling polished  steel.   By gently
heating this crust in  a very small
flame, crystals of white arsenic
will be  formed,  having  a high
adamantine lustre.
  If organic matter be present, it
must be  entirely destroyed,  by
heating the substance with nitro-
muriatic acid. After this has been
done, and a clear, transparent so-
lution in distilled water has been
obtained, the  subsequent process
is as above indicated. If arsenious
acid be submitted to the  action
of nascent  hydrogen,  it is deox-
idized, and the metallic arsenic,
thereby obtained, combining with
hydrogen,  forms arsenuretted hy-
drogen gas.  (Marsh's  Test.)
  Add to a suspected  solution a
few drops  of  pure  chlorohydric
acid, and place in it aslipofbright
copper;  no change  occurs  until
Ihe liquid is brought to the boiling
point, when, if arsenic be present,
even in small quantity, the copper
acquires  an  iron-gray  coating
from the deposit of that  metal.
Remove the slip of copper; wash
it in water, dry it and gradually
heat it in a reduction tube, when
arsenious  acid will  be sublimed
in   minute octohedral  crystals.
The test succeeds with powdered
arsenic.thearsenites, arsenic acid,
the arseniates, and orpiment.   It
will  even  separate the  arsenic
from arsenite of copper, and from
common lead-shot. Reinsch'sTsst.

   Bismuth is known  by the forma-
tion of a white precipitate, when
its  solution   in  nitric acid  is
poured into water;  and by the
formation of a black  precipitate
with sulphuretted hydrogen gas,
and hydrosulphates in solution.
  The presence of copper is rea-
dily  shown  in  solutions.  By
ammonia a beautiful bluish preci-
pitate  is  thrown down, which
dissolves in an excess of the pre-
cipitant, and the solution has  a
rich  blue colour.  A  bright iron
bar, introduced into solutions of
copper,  occasions the separation
of the copper, in a metallic form,
which deposits  itself upon the
iron. 
POISONS                     693                   POISONS
    Poisons.


     Gold.

Chloride of Gold.

  Fulminating
     Gold.



     Iron.

Sulphate of Iron,
    Copperas,
  Orecn Vitriol.

Chloride of  Iron.
     Lead.
 Acetate of Lead,
  Sugar of Lead.
Carbonate of Lead,
   While Lead.
Red Oxide, or Red
     Lead.
    Lit/targe.

Wines sweetened
    by Lead.
Water which has
  been  kept  in
  Leaden vessels.
Acid food, cooked
  or left standing
  in vessels glazed
  with Lead.

   Mercory.
Corrosive  Subli-
     mate.

Cyanide  of Mer-
     cury.

A'itrate of Mer-
     cury.

WhitePrecipitate.

Red Oxide, or Red
   Precipitate.

Sulphate, or Tur-
  bith Mineral.

Vermilioii.or Red
   Sulphuret.
    Silver.
Nitrate of Silver,
  or Lunar Caus-
  tic.
      Tin.
 Chloride of Tin.
Solution  of Tin,
 used by Dyers.
Oxide of Tin, or
 Putty Powder.

     Zinc.

 Oxide of Zinc.

Sulphate of Zinc.
 White Vitriol.

Acetate of Zinc.
Symptoms.
  Very analogous to those
of other  irritant poiso
This  substance  communi-
cates a pink  stain  to  the
flesh, and  patches  of that
colour may be found  about
the  lips,   aud  inside  the
mouth.

  Symptoms of irritant poi-
soning;  colic  pains, con-
slant vomiting and purging.
Violent pain in the throat,
tension of the epigastrium,
coldness of the  skin, and
feebleness of the  pulse.


  Irritation of the  alimen-
tary canal; spasm; nervous
symptoms; paralysis, either
partial or complete.  When
taken for some time,  in
small quantity, violent and
obstinate colic; tigidity of
abdominal muscles, cramps;
remission  of  pain ;  obsti-
nate constipation, urine di-
minished, saliva increased ;
countenance anxious and
gloomy.    If relief be not
promptly   obtained,  giddi-
ness, debility,  torpor, coma,
convulsions and death. The
paralysis  affects generally
the upper extremities.

  Violent symptoms of irri-
tant poisoning; harsh me-
tallicastringent taste; burn-
ing pain  in the  stomach;
vomiting  and purging fre-
quently of bloody matter;
often  irritation of the uri-
nary organs, and sometimes
suppression ; tightness and
burning in the throat, occa-
sionally so great  as to pre-
vent  speech;  countenance
not always pale,  but some-
times flushed ;  tendency to
doze;  stupor, convulsions
and death.
  Those  of other irritant
poisons.
  The  salts of gold are de-
composed  by sulphate  of
iron ;  and this  has, there
fore, been recommended as
an antidote. Inflammatory
symptoms to be treated on
general principles.
  Carbonate of soda would
be a  most excellent anti
dote  to  either  of  these
substances.   Mucilaginous
drinks might  also  be em-
ployed; and particular symp-
toms  relieved  by  general
treatment.

  Sulphate of magnesia and
phosphate of soda are both
good antidotes for the solu
hie salts of lead.  For the
solid forms, dilute sulphuric
acid may he drunk.   Thesi
are applicable  to the irri
tant forms of poisoning by
lead.  In  the chronic form
or colica picionum,  purga
tives  and anodynes  are re
sorted to; venesection ; and
external applications to re-
lieve the cramps. The use
ofstrychnia isrecommended
for the paralysis.
  Albumen, in some form,
must  be promptly adminis-
tered ; either white of eggs
beaten up with water, milk,
or wheat  flour beaten up.
The   inflammatory  symp-
toms to be  counteracted by
the usual  means.   Gobi,
finely mixed in dust, with
fine iron  filings. (?)
                                                        The free alkalies differ in their
                                                      precipitates from solutionsof mer-
                                                      cury.  Potassa gives, with corro-
                                                      sive sublimate, a yellowish one;
                                                      ammonia, a white; lime-water.an
                                                      orange; and  sulphuretted hydro-
                                                      gen, a black.   If a drop of the so-
                                                      lution be placed  on  a piece of
                                                      gold, and touched with a knife or
                                                      key, the mercury  will be  reduced,
                                                      which amalgamates with the gold,
                                                      producing a white spot.  The ni-
                                                      trate  of mercury gives  a black
                                                      precipitate with the free alkalies.
                                                      All the solid forms of mercury are
                                                      volatile, and  may he reduced by
                                                      heating them in a glass tube with
                                                      charcoal  and carbonate of soda,
                                                      when the metallic mercury  will
                                                      sublime, and  may be collected in
                                                      a globule.

                                                        Nitrate of silver is distinguished
                                                      by the formation  of a white  pre-
                                                      cipitate, insoluble in nitric acid,
                                                      with chloride  of  sodium ; a gray-
                                                      precipitate with ammonia,which
                                                      is redissolved in an excess of am-
                                                      monia;  yellow precipitate  wilh
                                                      phosphate of  soda.  The precipi-
                                                      tate of chloride of silver, obtained
                                                      by adding muriate of soda to the
                                                      nitrate of silver, is readily re-
                                                      duced, and the metallic silver ob-
                                                      tained, by mixing it with dilute
                                                      sulphuric acid and granulated zinc.

  The same as those from   Milk to be given copious-    The chloride precipitates vege-
other irritant poisons, and lv,   and  the  subsequent  table colouring matter; also albu-
a peculiar tanned  appear- treatment to  be  regulated j men and gelatin. The white n;side
ance of the villous coat of : by the symptoms.          1 is precipitated from itssolution by
the stomach.                                          free alkalies;  with sulphuretted
                                                      hydrogen gas. a brown precipitate.

  Violent vomiting; astrin-   The vomiting may be re-    A white precipitate is  thrown
gent taste, burning pain in lieved by copious draughts" down  by the  free alkalies from
the stomach; pale counte- of warm water.  Carbonate j the  soluble salts  of zinc, which
nance;  cold  extremities; of soda, administered in so-  becomes yellow  when  strongly
dull  eyes;  fluttering pulse, lution. will  decompose the  heated—recovering its  white co-
Death  seldom  ensues,  in sulphate of zinc.  ."Milk and  lour  on  cooling.   Sulphuretted
consequence of the emetic albumen  also  act as  anti-  hydrogen occasions a  white pre
effects.                     dotes.  Ceneral principles  cipitate.
                           to be observed in the subse-1
                           quent treatment. '
  Chloride of  sodium, or
common salt, immediately
decomposes this substance,
and destroys its  activity.
Antiphlogistic treatment is
to be  employed for the in-
flammatory symptoms.
  Chloride of gold is very rcaiiily
decomposed, and the gold sepa-
rated in a metallic state.  Proto
sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver
and  protochloride  of tin,  all  an
sw er this  purpose.   The precipi
tated powder will be found insolu
ble, except in nitro-muriatic acid

  Iron is  recognised by a bluish
black precipitate,  with tincture
of galls; rich blue, with prussiate
of potassa ; and  a  greenish  or
reddish precipitate, with  the free
alkalies or their carbonates.
  Soluble  salts of  lead  yield  a
white precipitate with sulphates
and carbonates in solution. Salts
of chromic acid and iodide of po-
tassium occasion a yellow preci-
pitate.  Sulphuretted hydrogen,
a black  precipitate.  If soli;], the
lead may  be  converted   into  1
state of solution by nitric acid
and the dilute solution be tested
as above. 
POISONS
694
POISONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.	Tests.
PHOSPHORUS.	Symptoms of irritant poi-soning; pain in the stomach and bowels; vomiting, diar-rhcea, tenderness and ten-sion of the abdomen.	An emetic to be prompt-ly administered; copious draughts containing mag-nesia in suspension ; muci-laginous drinks; general treatment for inflammatory symptoms.	Phosphorus is known by its ready inflammability, luminous-ness at ordinary temperatures, and alliaceous odour.
GLASS, or ENA-MEL.	If taken in very coarse powder, it produces irrita-tion and inflammation of the bowels.	Large quantities of crumb of bread should be eaten, to envelop the particles. (?) An emetic of sulphate of zinc should then be given, and vomiting be promoted by demulcent drinks.	
II.  ORGANIC   POISONS,
   I. VEGETABLE  POISONS.
Irritant Poison3.
 Anemone Pulsatilla.   Wind Flower.
 Arum maculatum. Wake Robin.
 Bryonia dioica.   Bryony.
 Caladium seguinium.  Dumbcane.
 ('alia palustris.   Water Arum.
 Caltha palustris.  Marsh Marigold.
 Chelidonium majus.   Celandine.
 Clematis vitalba.  Virgin Bower.
 Convolvulus jnlapa.   Jalap.
 Convolvulus scammonia.  Scammony.
 Croton tiglium.   Purging Croton.
 Cucumis colocynthis.   Colocynth.
 Cyclamen Europteum.  Sow Bread.
 Daphne gnidium.  Spurge Flax.
 Daphne mezereum.  Mezereon.
 Delphinium stuphisagria.  Stavesacre.
 Dioica palustris   Swamp leather-wood.
 Equisetum hyemale.   Scourgrass.
 Euphorbia  cfficinarum.   Euphorbium.
  Spurge.
 Gratiola officinalis.  Hedge Hyssop.
 Hippomane mancinella.  Manchineel.
 Hura crepitans   Sand Box.
 ffydrocotyleriv/n-aris. Marsh Pennywort,
 Jatropha curcas,  Indian Nut.
 Jatropha manihot. Cassada.
 Juniperus sabina.  Savin (oil of).
 Juniperus Virginiana. Bed Cedar (oil of.)
 Momordica  elaterium.  Squirting Cu-
  cumber.
 Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.   Daffodil.
 Pastinax satira.   Common Parsnep.
 Pedicularis palustris.   Marsh Lousewort.
 Phytolacca decandra.  Poke,
 Piper cubeba.  Cubebs.
 Plumbago Europma.   Toothwort.
 Ranunculus acris, and other  species.
  Crowfoot.
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Oleander.
 Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant.
 Sambucus cbulus.  Elder.
 Sedum acre.  Stone Crop.
 Stalagmitis cambogioides.  Gamboge.
 Tanacetum vulgare.   Tansy (oil of.)

         ACRO-NARCOTIC.
 ./Fthiisa  cynapium.   Common  Fool's
  Parsley.
 Aroiiitum napellus.   Monkshood.   ■
 Agaricus. five species.  Mushrooms (poi-
  sonous).
 Amanita muscaria. Truffles (poisonous).
 Anagallis arvensis. Meadow Pimpernel.
 Anda Qomesii.
 Apocynum androsaemifolium.  Dogsbane.
 Aristolochia clematitis.  Birthwort.
 Arnica montana.   Leopard's bane.
Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort.*
Atropa belladonna. Deadly Night Shade.
jEsculus  Ohioensis.  Buckeye.
 Brucea  anHdysenterica.   False Angus-
  tura Bark.
Cerbera, three species.  Cerbera.
Chaerophyllum sylvestre.  Bastard Hem-
  lock.
Symptoms.
  The general effects of this
class of  vegetable poisons
are; — an  acrid   pungent
taste, with more or less of
bitterness,  excessive heat,
great dryness of the mouth
and throat, with  sense  of
tightness there ; violent vo-
miting,  the  efforts  being
continued even  after  the
stomach  is emptied; purg-
ing, with great pain in the
stomach and bowels ; pulse
strong, frequent, and regu-
lar; breathing often  quick
and difficult; appearances
of intoxication; the pupil of
the eye  frequently dilated,
insensibility    resembling
death; the pulse   becomes
slow and loses its force, and
death closes the scene.
  If  applied   externally,
many of them produce vio-
lent  inflammation  of  the
skin,  with vesications  or
eruptions of pustules.
Treatment.
  If vomiting have bpen occasioned by
the poison, and the efforts are still con-
tinned, they may be rendered easier by
large draughts of warm water, or thin
gruel; but if symptoms of insensibility
have come  on without vomiting,  it
ought to be immediately excited hy the
sulphate of zinc, or some other  active
emetic substance, and  after its  opera-
tion a sharp purgative should be given
After as much as possible of the  poison
is got rid of, a very strong infusion of
coffee, or vinegar diluted with  water,
may be given with  advantage.  Cam-
phor mixture with ether may be taken
frequently, and if insensibility be con-
siderable, warmth, frictions, and blis-
ters, may be employed.  Il inflamma-
tion or other dangerous consequences
have been   induced, they  are  to  be
treated upon general principles.
  The fruit of Feuillea Cordifolia has
been recommended  as  a powerful an-
tidote against vegetable poisons;  it
is to be  used in as recent a state as
possible.  (?)
  N. B.  Bromine, chlorine, and  iodine
are said  to  be  antidotes to the alka-
loids generally. 
POISONS                     695                   POISONS
Irritant Poisons.
 Chanlotia toxieana.  Rathane.
 Chenopodium murale.   Wormseed.
 Cicuta maculata.  American Hemlock.
 Cicuta oiroia.  Water Hemlock.
 Cissiis.   Cjssus.
 Cocculus Indien,.  Fish berries.
 Colchicum autumnale.   Meadow saffron.
 Conium maculatum.   Hemlock.
 Coriaria myrtifotia.   Myrtle-leaved  Su-
   in arh.
 Curare.  Indian War Poison.
 Cynnnchinn ereclnm.  Cynanchum.
 Cytisus laburnum.   Laburnum.
 Datura stramonium.   Thorn  Apple.
 DiL'italis purpurea.  Foxglove.
 Ergot.  See Secale.
 Ervum ervilia.  Bitter Vetch.
 Caultheria  procumbens.   VVintergreen
   (oil of).
 Iliemanthiis toxicarius.
 Helleborus niger.  Black  Hellebore.
 Hypophyllum  sanguinaria.   Paddock
   Stool.
 Ipecacuanha.  Ipecacuanha.
 Lathyrus cicera.  Lathyrus.
 Laurus camphora.  Camphor.
 Lobelia inflata,  Indian Tobacco.
 Lolium temu/entum.   Darnel.
 Melia azederach.  Pride of China.
 Mercurialis perennis.   Mountain Mer-
   cury.
 Neruui oleander.   Common Oleander.
 Nicotiana tabacum.  Tobacco.
 Q5nanthe crocata.  Hemlock Dropwort.
 Passiflora quadrangularis.  Barhadine.
 Fiscidia erythrina.  Jamaica Dogwood.
 Polygala venenosa (of Java).
 Rhus radicans.  Poison Vine.
 Rhus toxicodendron.  Poison oak, or  Su-
   mach.
 Robinia pseudo-acacia.   Locust Tree.
 Rata graveolens.  Rue.
 Sanguinaria  Canadensis.  Blood Root.
 Scilla TnaritiTna.  Squill.  Sea Onion.
 Secale cornntum.  Ergot.   Spurred Rye.
 Sium latifolium.   Procumbent  Water
   Parsnep.
 Spigelia Marilandica.   Pink  Root.
 Strychnos Ignalii.  St.  Ignatius's Bean.
 Strychnos nux vomica.   Nux  vomica.
 Svmplocarpus/ffiiirfa.  Skunk Cabbage.
 Ticunas.  Extract of various  plants —
   South America.
 Tieute.   Upas Tieute.   Tree of Java.
 Triticum Hybemum.  Wheat (diseased.)
 Upas antiar.   Tree in Java.
 Veratrum album.  White  Hellebore.
 Veratrum viride.  American Hc-llehore.
 Woorara.  War Poison of Guiana.
 Zea mays.  Maize (diseased).

              NARCOTIC.
 Actma spicata.   Baneberry.
 Amygdalus communis.   Bitter Almond.
 Amvgdalus Persica.  Peach.
 Gr-lsctui tin m nitidum. Yellow Jessamine.
 Helonias erytltrosperma.  Fly Poison.
 Hyoscyamus  a/bus.  White Henbane.
 Hyoscvainus  tu'^-er.  Black Henbane.
 Kalmia latifolia.   Mountain  Ivy.
 Lactuca rirosa  Strong-scente'd Lettuce.
 Opium, and its proximate  principles.
 Papaver somniferum.  Poppy.
 Paris quadrifolia.  Herb Paris.
 Prunus Cnroliuiana.  Wild Orange".
 Primus Itntro-cerasus. Cherry Laurel.
 Prunus nigra.  Black Cherry.
[ Prunus p-nliis.  Cluster Cherry.
 Prunus Virginiana.  Wild Cherry.
 Solanum dulcamara.  Bitter-sweet.
 Sorlms acupnri-A.   Mountain  Ash.
i Taxus baccatn.  Yew.
Symptoms.
     poisoxors MUSHROOMS.
Agaricus muscarius.  Fly Agaric.
Agaricus piperatus.  Pepper Agaric.
Agaricus ne.cator.  Deadly Agaric.
Agaricus bitlbosus.  Bulbous Agaric.
Agaricus chantarellus.  Champignon.
The  narcotic   vegetable
poisons, if taken into the
stomach  or applied  to  a
wound, occasion the follow-
ing effects:—stupor; numb-
ness; heaviness in the head;
desire  to  vomit,  slight at
first, hut afterwards insup-
portable;  a sort of intoxi-
cation, stupid air, pupil of
the eye dilated ; furious or
lively  delirium, sometimes
pain;  convulsions of dif-
ferent  parts of the body, or
palsy of the limbs.   The
pulse   is variable, but  at
first generally  strong and
full; the breathing is quick,
and there  is great anxiety
and dejection, which, if not
speedily relieved, soon ends
in death.
Treatment.
  Nausea, heat, and pain
in the stomach and bowels,
with vomiting and purging.
  The stomach to be effectually evacu-
ated, by giving four or five grains of
tartar emetic, or from ten to twenty
of the sulphate of zinc, repeated every
quarter of an hour, till the full effect is
produced. These means may be assisted
by tickling the throat with a feather or
tlie finger.   Large and strong glysters
of soap dissolved in water, or of salt
and gruel,  should be speedily adminis-
tered, to clear the bowels, and assist in
getting rid of the poison;  and active
purgatives  may be given after the vo-
miting has ceased.  When as much  as
possible  of the poison  has been  ex-
pelled, the  patient  may drink, alter-
nately, a tea-cupful of strong hot infu-
sion of coffee and vinegar diluted with
water.   If the drowsiness, which  is
sometimes  extreme, and the  insensi-
bility bordering on  apoplexy,  be not
remedied by these means, blood may be
taken from the jugular vein, blisters
may be applied to the neck and legs.
and the attention be roused  by every
means  possible.  If the  heat declines,
warmth and  frictions must be perse-
veringly used.  Vegetable acids are on
no account  to be given before  the poi-
son is expelled, and  it is desirable that
but little fluid of any kind should be
administered.
  N. B. Bromine, chlorine,  and iodine
are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids
generally
                            The stomach and bowels to be cleared
                          by an emetic of tartarized  antimony,
                          followed by frequent doses of Rlanber's
thirst;  convulsions,  and  or Epsom  salt, and  large, stimulating
faintings; pulse small and j glvsiers. After the poison isevacuated,
frequent; delirium ; dilated ; ether may  be administered,  with small 
POISONS              696              POISONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.
	pupil, and stupor; cold sweats, and death. Poisonous mushrooms may be distinguished from the edible by their botanical characters, and by the fol-lowing criteria. The for-mer grow in wet, shady places, have a nauseous odour; are softer, more open, and porous; have a dirty-looking surface, some-times a gaudy colour, or many very distinct hues, particularly if they have been coveted with an enve-lope ; they have soft, bul-bous stalks, grow rapidly, and corrupt very quickly.	quantities of brandy and water; but if inflammatory symptoms manifest themselves, such stimuli should be omitted, and oilier appropriale means be had recourse to.
2. ANIMAL POISONS.
	Symptoms.	Treatment.
POISONOUS FISH. Balistes monoceros. Old wife. Cancer astacus. Crawfish. Cancer r'uricolus. Land Crab. Clupea tliryssa. Yellow-billed Sprat. Coracinus/uscusmiy'or., Gray Snapper. Coracinus minor, Hyne. CoryplKKiia, splendens. Dolphin. Monnyra.* Blue Parrot Fish. Munena major. Conger Eel. Mytilus edulis. Mussel. Ostracion^/odeWum. SmoothBottleFish. Perca major. Barracuda. Perca venenosa. Grooper. Perca venenata. Rock Fish. Physalia. Portuguese Man of War. Scomber cceruleus. Spanish Mackerel. Scomber maximus. King Fish. Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. Spams ckrysops. Porgee. Tetrodon sccleratus. Tunny. Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower.	In an hour or two, or often in a much shorter time, after the fish has been eaten, a weight at the stomach comes on, with slight vertigo and headache, sense of heat about the head and eyes, considerable thirst, and often an erup-tion of the skin (urticaria), and in many cases death.	An emetic should be speedily adminis-tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting may be excited, by tickling the throat with the finger, and taking large draughts of warm water. After full vo-miting, an active purgative should be given, to remove any of the noxious matter that may have found its way into the intestines. Vinegar and water may be drunk after the above remedies have operated, and the body may be sponged with the same. Water, made very sweet with sugar, to which ether may he added, may be drunk freely as a corrective, and a very weak solution of alkali has been recommended to obviate the effects of the poison. If spasm ensue; after evacuations, laudanum, in considerable doses, is necessary. If in-flammation should occur, the usual means of removing it must be employed.
POISONOUS SERPENTS. Boa crot.aloides. Copperhead. Cenchris mockcson. Mockeson. Cerastes nasicornis. Horned Viper of Western Africa. Coluber berus. Viper. Coluber prester. Black Viper. Crotalus, (5 species.) Rattle Snake Scytale piscivorus. Water Viper.	A sharp pain in the wounded part, which soon extends over the limb or body; great swelling, at first hard and pale, then reddish, livid, and gangre-nous in appearance; faint-ings, vomitings, convul-sions, and sometimes jaun-dice; pulse small, frequent, and irregular; breathing difficult, cold sweats, the sight fails, and the intel-lectual faculties are de-ranged. Inflammation, and often extensive suppura-tion and gangrene, followed by death.	A cupping-glass to be applied over the wound, or a moderately tight ligature above the bites, and the wound left to bleed after being well washed with warm water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic, or butter of antimony, to he then applied freely to it, and afterwards covered with lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to be removed if the inflammation be consi-derable. Warm, diluting drinks, and small doses of ammonia or hartshorn, to cause perspiration ; the patient to he well covered in bed,and a little warm nine given occasionally. If gangrene be threat-ened, wine may be given more freely, and the bark should be had recourse to. Arse-nic, the principal ingredient in the Tan-jore Pill, has been strongly recommended.
CANTHARIS VESICATORIA. Spanish, or Blistering Fly. Lytta vittata. Potato Fly.	Nauseous odour of the breath; acrid taste; burn-ing heat in the throat, sto-mach, and abdomen ; fre-quent vomitings, often bloody, with copious bloody stools; excruciating pain in the stomach; painful and obstinate priapism, with heat in the bladder, and strangury or retention of urine; frightful convul-sions, delirium and death.	Vomiting to be excited by drinking sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or lin-seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys-ters shoifld be administered, and if symptoms of inflammation of the sto-mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, they must be subdued by appropriate treatment. Camphor dissolved in oil may be rubbed over the belly and the thighs.
VF.VOMOUS INSECTS. Tarantula. Scorpio. Scorpion. Vespa crabro. Hornet. Vespa vulgaris. Wasp. Apis mellifica. Bee. Culex pipiens. Gnat. fEstrus bonis. Gad-fly.	In general, the sting of these insects occasions only a slight degiee of pain and swelling; but occasionally the symptoms are more vio-lent, and sickness and fever are produced by the inten-sity of the pain.	Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on the affected part, and a piece of rag, moistened in the same, or in salt and water, may be kept upon it till the pain is removed. A few drops of hartshorn may be given frequently in a little water, and a glass or two of w ine may be taken. The sting may, in general, be removed by making strong pressure around it with the barrel of a small watch-key.
 
POISON
697
POLIUM
SALIVA OF THE RABID DOG.
Symptoms.
  At an unrertain interval
after  the  bile, generally,
however,   between   the
twentieth day and three or
four months,  pain or unea-
siness occurs in the.bilten
part,  though the  wound
may have been long healed.
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  lan-
guor,  spasms, horror, dis-
turbed sleep,  difficult respi-
ration  succeed, and  are
soon very much increased ;
violent convulsions affect
the whole  body, hideously
distorting  the muscles of
the face;  the eyes are red
and protruded, the tongue
swells and often hangs out,
and viscid saliva flows from
the mouth; there is pain in
the stomach, with bilious
vomitings,a horror of fluids,
and impossibility of drink-
ing them.  All these symp-
toms are aggravated till the
sufferer is relieved by death.
  Hydrophobia is more easily prevented
than cured ; indeed, it is doubted whe-
ther it ever has been'cured.  Mercury,
arsenic, opium,  musk, camphor,  acids,
wine, vegetable  and mineral alkali, oil,
various herbs,  and many other  reme-
dies whose effects are quite opposite,
have been employed, but none can be
relied  on.   Large blood-lettings,  the
warm and cold  bath, and almost  every
other  remedial  agent, have  been  tried
without success.
  The bitten part should be  completely
cut out, even after it has healed, if the
symptoms have  not yet come  on ; the
part should then be immersed in  warm
water, or be washed with it as long as it
will bleed,  and, after the  most  perse-
vering ablution, caustic  should be ap-
plied  to every  part of the surface, and
then the wound  covered with a poultice,
and suffered to heal by granulation.
  No milder discipline can ensure safety.
  The most energetic poisons are used therapeu-
tically, and often with considerable advantage.
They have,  of course, to be administered in ex-
tremely small  doses;  to avoid producing poi-
soning.
  Poison, Arrow, see Arrow poison—p. Sausage,
Allantotoxicum.
  POISOX-BERRY TREE, Melia  azedarach—
p. Italian, Liquor arsenicalis—p. Morbid, Virus
—p. Oak, Rhus toxicodendron — p.  Root, Cicuta
maculata — p. Vegetable, Upas—p. Vine, Rhus
radicans.
  POISONING,  Vcnefic"ium, Toxica'tio, Intoxi-
ca'tio, Entoxis'mus,  Entoxicia'mue, Pharmacei'a,
Malefic"ium, Venena'tion,  (F.)  Einpoisonnement,
Intoxication.  The art  of  applying a poisonous
substance to any of the  textures in  a dose capa-
ble of occasioning  more or  less  serious  symp-
toms.  Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy-
sician, in treating any case, employs a deleterious
medicine  in a small dose,  which,  owing to parti-
cular circumstances, produces unpleasant symp-
toms, he may be  said to have poisoned.   The
term is, however, generally restricted to poison-
ing by design.
    ''oisoning has  also been used, by a few, to  de-
r dte  the  series  of  symptoms resembling  those
(•roduced by certain poisons, which occasionally
follow the  use of substances that are generally
innoxious.  Overloading the stomach with indi-
gestible food, has, for example,  given occasion to
symptoms resembling those produced by a nar-
rotic poison, and the effect has  been termed poi-
soning.
   Secret poisoning was, at one time, practised as
an  art.  It consisted in administering medicines,
which should  act as slow poisons, and gradually
undermine  the strength and life.  Its agency was
far from being so extensive as was imagined.
   POI'SONO'l'S, Tax'ical, .Wi'«»; having  the
qualities of a poison.
   POISON'S, ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P. narcotico-
ncri,l — p. Corrosive, P. acrid—p. Escharotic, P.
acr;,l — p. Irritating, P. acrid—p. Putrescent, P.
septic.
  POITRINAIRR, Phthisicus.
   POITRINE,  Thorax.
   POIVRE D'EAU, Polygonum  hydropiper—
p. de Guince, Capsicum  annuum—p. d'lnde, Cap-
sicum annuum—p. de Jamaiquc, see Myrtus pi-
menta—p.  Long, Piper longum—p. Noir, Piper
nigrum—p. Petit, Vitex —p. d Queue, Piper cu-
beba—p. Sauragc, Vitex.
  POIX BLANCHE,  see  Pinus abies — p. de
Bourgogne, see Pinus abies—p. Grasse, see Pinus
abies—p. Jaune, see Pinus  abies—p. Minerale,
Pissasphaltum—p. Novate, see Pinus sylvestris
—p. Noire, see Pinus sylvestris.
  POKE, Phytolacca decandra — p. Indian, Ve-
ratrum viride—p. Stink, Dracontium fcetidum—
p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum  viride.
  POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammyireed,
Stinkiceed, Wormiceed,  Clammy Mustard, False
mustard.  An  indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Cap-
paridea?; Sex. Syat.  Dodecandria Monogynia—
which blossoms in summer, and is found in every
part of North  America.  To the whole plant have
been  ascribed anthelmintic properties.
  POLECAT  WEED, Dracontium fcetidum.
  POLEMO'NIUM  REPTANS,  Falae  Jacob's
Ladder, Greek Vale'rian,  Siceat-root.   Order,
Polemoniaceae; indigenous,  flowering  in May;
has been used as a diaphoretic and expectorant.
  POLENTA, Alphiton.
  POLKS, Chalazae.
  POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF  CANDY, Teucrium
Creticum—p.  Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium
capitatum.
  POLIATER, from iro\is, 'a town,' and tarpos, 'a
physician.' A physician exercising his profession
in a town, by  the appointment of the government.
— Castelli.
  POLICE',  MEDTCAL, Politi'a med'ica, Poli-
tobiotherapi'a,  Medici'na polit'ica, State med'i-
cine,  Polit'ical med'icine.   Hygienic rules estab-
lished, or to be established, for the prevention of
disease, and to contribute to the progress of me-
dicine.  The  salubrity of districts, especially dur-
ing the existence of  spreading disease, is greatly
ensured by nn efficient medical police.
   POLICLINTCA,  from irohs, 'a town,' and
xrAii'ii, ' a bed.'  Treatment of diseases in  a town.
   l'OLIO'SIS, Tricho'aia polio'sis, Spilo'aia poli-
o'aie, CcinW'iea.  Hair prematurely gray or hoary.
The state of  becoming gray.
   POLITIA  MEDICA, Police, medical.
   POLITOBIOTHERAPIA, Police, medical.
   POLIUM  CAPITATUM, Teucrium  capi-
tatum.
\
\\ 
POLIUM
698
POLYGONUM
  POLIUM CRETICUM, Teucrium Creticum—
p. Montanum, Teucrium capitatum.
  POLLEN,  (L.)  Pollen, Pollis,  *a\n,  'dust.'
The fecundating dust contained in the anthers of
flowers, which is dispersed on the stigma.
  POLLEX, An'ticheir, Prom'anus, Dig"itus pri-
mus seu magnus,  from  pollere,  ' to  have much
strength.'  (F.) Pouce.  The first of the fingers
in size and strength.  It is asserted that the term
poltroon is  derived from Pol'lice  trunca'to ;—the
Romans who  were desirous of being exempted
from military service being accustomed to cut off
the thumb, and thus render themselves unfit to
handle arms.
  Pollex, see Digitus.
  Pollex Pedis, Hallua, Hallux. The great toe.
  POLLINC'TOR, Pollinc'ter, (L.)  In antiquity,
an  anointer, dresser, or embalmer of the dead.
  POLLINCTURA, Embalming.
  POLLIS, Pollen.
  POLLOD'IC, Pollod'icue; from iroAuy, 'many,'
and 'oSos, 'a way.'  An  epithet proposed by Dr.
Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro-
ceeding  from one point in many directions to
every other.
  POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia.
  POLLU'TION, Pollu'tio, from polluo, ' I pro-
fane.'   The excretion of  the  seminal  liquor or
sperm  at other times than during coition.  When
occasioned by a voluntary act, it is called simply
Pollution or Masturbation ; when excited during
sleep,  by lascivious dreams,  it  takes the name
Nocturnal  pollution,  Exoneiro'aia,  Oneirog'moa,
Oneirog'onoa,  Oneirogonorrhce'a, Exoneirog'mua,
Spermatoclem'ma, Spermatoclep'aie, Spermatolep'-
sie, Spermatolip'sis, Gonorrhoea dormien'tium, G.
oneirog'onoa,  G. vera, 67. libidino'aa, Profiu'rium
sem'inia, Spermatorrhce'a, Paronir'ia aalax, Night
pollution, (F.) Pollution involtnitaire.
  POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE,  Pollution
—p. Nocturnal, Pollution—p.  Self, Masturbation
—p. Voluntary, Masturbation.
   POLY, Polys, iroXvs, 'many, full.'  Hence:
  POLYACTIUM TRISTE, Pelargonium triste.
  POLYiEMIA, Plethora.
  POLYiEMIC, Plethoric.
  POLY^EMICUS, Plethoric.
  POLYANH.EMIA, Anasmia.
  POLYANHEMIE, Anasmia.
  POLYANTH'ES TUBERO'SA, Amarucachu.
The root is cut into slips and laid upon the bites
of serpents by the Peruvian Indians.
  POLYBLEN'NIA,  from  iroXvs, 'much,'  and
(i\evva,  ' mucus.'  Excessive secretion of mucus.
  POLYBREPHIA, Pregnancy, complex.
  POLYCARP'jE, from  iroXvs, '  many,' and xap-
'iros, 'fruit.'  A division  of cutaneous diseases of
the family  Eczematosen, of Fuchs, including
Psoriasis, Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo.
  POLY'CERAS, from  iroXvs,  'many,' and xcpas,
' horn.'  A monstrous  animal having many horns.
— Gurlt.
  POLYCHO'LIA,  Pericho'lia,  Hypercho'lia,
from iroXvs,' much,' and x^v,' bile.'   Superabun-
dance  of bile; such as  is supposed to  exist in
bilious fevers.
  POLYCHREST'US, from iro\vs,  'much,' and
"Xjpnoros,  'useful.'   Having  many4 virtues.  An
ancient name  for certain medicines considered to
be useful in many diseases.
  POLYCHRONIUS, Chronic.
  POLYCHY'LIA, from iroXvs, 'much,' and^uXoj,
'juice.'  Polychy'mia.  Fulness  of juices.
  POLYCHYMIA, Polychylia — p. Sanguinea,
Plethora.
  POLYCLIN'ICA,  from  iroXvs,  'much/ and
xXtvn, 'bed.'  Provided with many beds; — as an
hospital.
  POLYCOR'IA, from iroAus, and *ooi7, 'the pu-
pil.'   The state in which there is more  than ono
pupil.—Yon Amnion.
  POLYCYTL'SIA,Polycye'eie, from rroAut, 'many,'
and icui/o-if, 'pregnancy.' Frequent  or quickly re-
curring pregnancies : also, compound pregnancy.
  POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perissodde'tylus,  from
iroAuj, 'many,' and SaxrvXos, 'a finger.'  One who
has a supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes.
  POLYDIPSIA, from iroXvs, ' much,'  and  otipn,
'thirst;'  Sitis morbo'sa  seu  inteii'sa, Polypo'sia,
Dipao'aia avena, Exceaaive  thirat, (F.) So if excee-
aive.  A constant desire  for drinking, with a sense
of dryness in the mouth  and throat.  It is mostly
symptomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, ex-
cessive discharges, &c,  and is so much a part of
diabetes, that it has been called Polydipsia.
  POLYG'ALA,  from 7roAt>j, 'much,' and ya\a,
'milk ;' P. vttlga'ria, Common Milkwort.  Family,
Rhinanthoideae. Sex. Syat. Diadelphia Octandria.
The leaves  are  bitter, and are used in the  same
cases as the polygala amara.
  Polygala Ama'ra, P. amarel'la seu vulga'ria,
Bitter Milkwort.  A powerful bitter; and, conse-
quently, tonic.  Its reputed virtues are balsamic,
demulcent, and corroborant.  The  Polygala ru-
bel'la, or Bitter  Polygala  of the United  States,
has the same virtues.
  Polygala Amarella,  P. amara — p. Bitter,
see P. amara—p. Grandiflora, P. senega.
  Polyg'ala Paucifo'lia,  Triclieper'ma gran-
diflo'ra,  Dwarf Milkwort,  Little Pollom, Ever-
green Snakeroot, (F.) Poly gale naine, possesses
the same properties as P. Senega.
  Polyg'ala Skn'ega,  P. Virginia'na sen gran-
diflo'ra, Sen'eka, Rattleenake  Milkwort,  Senega
or Rattlesnake root, (F.) Polygale de Virginie ou
de Seneka.  The  bark is the active part of the
root.   Its taste  is at first acrid, and afterwards
very hot and pungent.  It was once esteemed to
be specific against the poison of the rattlesnake
and in pleurisy, pneumonia, <fcc, after the inflam-
matory action had been got under.  It has been
given  also in humoral  asthma, chronic rheuma-
tism, dropsy,  croup, amenorrhoea,  &c.   Accord-
ing to Peschier, it contains three particular  prin-
ciples, Polyg'aline  or Sen'egine, laol'uaine, and
Polyg'alic Acid. Dose, gr. 30 to 40 of the powder.
  Polygala Serpenta'ria.  A shrub  of Caffra-
ria, the root of which is  considered  by the natives
as a sure antidote against the bites  of venomous
serpents.
^ Polygala Virginiana, P. senega—p. Vulga-
ris, P. amara.
  POLYGALACTIA,  Polyga'lia,  from  iroXvs,
' much,' and yaXa, ' milk.'   Superabundant secre-
tion of milk; galactia.
  POLYGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia—
p. de  Virginie, Polygala Virginiana.
  POLYGALIA, Polygalactia.
  POLYGALINE,  see Polvgala senega.
  POLYGONATUM, Convallaria  polygonatum
—p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum—p. Mul-
tiflorum, Convallaria  multiflora — p. Uniflorum,
Convallaria polygonatum—p. Vulgare,  Convalla-
ria polygonatum.
  POLYG'ONUM,  P.  avicula're, from  noAuj,
'much,'  and yow,  'seed.'   P. centiuo't/ium seu
erec'tum,  Centino'dia,  Centumno'dia,  Bindweed,
Sauguina'lia  Corrig"iola,  Sanguinu'ria, Knot-
graas, Knot weed,  (F.) Renouee, Troinaasc, Centi-
node.  Family, Polygoneae.  Sex. Syat. Octandria
Trigynia.  This grass  is said to  be a feeble astrin-
gent.
  Polygonum Acre, P. hydropiper.
/>//    J 
POLYGROMA
699
POLYPOUS
  Polygonum Bistou'ta, P. biatortoi'dea, Biator-
tci, Colubrinci,  O0ic"inal Biatort, Great Biatort or
Sntikeweetl.   The root is  a powerful  astringent
and tonic; and, as such,  has been used in in-
ternal  hemorrhage, atonic diarrhoea, ague, <fcc.
D'^u, frr. xv to 3J.
  Polygonum Bistortoides, P.bistorta—p. Cen-
tinodiuui, P. aviculare.
  Polygonum  Divarica'tcm ; Eaatern  Buck-
wheat plant.  The roots, reduced to a coarse meal,
are said to be much used as an  article of diet by
the Siberians.
  Polygonum Erectum, P. aviculare.
  Polygonum  Fagop'ykum,   Fagop'yrum,  F.
esculent'um, Trit'icum Fagi'itum, Buckwheat, (F.)
Sarraain, Ble  noir.  The grain  of this plant con-
stitutes a principal article  of food with the inha-
bitants of Russia,  Germany,  and Switzerland.
It is much used in the United States.
  Polygonum Hydrop'iper, P. acre, Hydropi-
p> r, Persica'ria wens, Mercu'riua terres'tris, Poor
Man's Pepper,  Biting  Arse-smart,  Lakcweed,
 Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eau.  The leaves of
this plant have an acrid, burning taste, and re-
semble those of the arum.  They  have been re-
commended  as possessing  antiseptic, aperient,
and diuretic  virtues.  The  fresh  leaves  have
been  applied  externally as a  stimulating cata-
plasm.
  Polygonum Hydropiperoides,  P. punctatum.
  Polygonum Persica'jua, Peraicaria, P. minor
seu mitia, Plumba'go,  Arae-amart, (F.) Peraicaire
douce.  This  plant is said to possess  vulnerary
and antiseptic qualities.  It has  been given in
wine to arrest gangrene.
  Polygonum Puncta'tum, P. hydropiperoVdea,
 Water pepper of America, Smartweed, possesses
similar properties to Polygonum hydropiper, and
is occasionally used internally in gravel,  and ex-
ternally in chronic  ulcers.  A fluidrachm of the
saturated tincture has been extolled in amenor-
rhoea.
  Polyg'onum Virginia'num, Wand-spiked Per-
sica'ria Virgin'ia Biatort; indigenous; is astrin-
gent, diuretic, and tonic.
  POLYGROMA  Staphyloma.
  POLYHI'DRIA, Polyi'dria,  Polyidro'aia, from
iroAvs,  'much,' and  'tSptas, 'sweat.'   Excessive
sweating.
  POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops.
  POLYHYPERHiEMIA, Plethora.
  POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria.
  POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria.
  POLYLYMPHIA,  Anasarca.
  POLYMASTH'US, Pleiomas'thus, from  iroAtij,
' many,' and paa&os, ' breast.'  A monster having
several breasts.—Gurlt.  The condition has been
called I'oh/ma'zia, and Pleioma'zia.
  POLYMAZIA, see  Polymasthus.
  POLYMERIA, Polymerismus — p. Promiscua
translativa. Transposition  of the viscera.
  POLYMERIS'MUS, Polymelia, from  iroXvs,
' much,' and pepos, 'a part.'   A monstrosity, which
consists in the existence of supernumerary organs;
as a sixth finger of the hand.
  POLYNEURON, Plantago.
  POLYOP'SIA, Pol'yopy, from  iroXvs,  'much,'
and oxf,ts, ' sight.'  Vision is so  called, when mul-
tiple.
  POLYOPY, Polyopsia.
  POLYORENTA, from iroXvs,' much,' and opefc,
'appetite.'  Excessive  appetite  or  hunger.   A
genus  in the  gaMr.v-es of M. Alibert.
  POLYPE'RIA, from iroXvs, 'much,' and irnpos,
'mutilated.'   Congenital  misconstruction of va-
rious parts or organs.—Good.
  POLYPHA'GIA,  Mu/tivoran'tia,  from  iroAvf,
'much/  and ipayta, 'I eat.'  Voracity.   Faculty
of eating or  subsisting on many kinds of food.
See Boulimia.
  POLYPH'AGOUS.  Relating or appertaining
to polyphagia.
  POLYPHARMACI'A,  Polypharmacy; from
iroXvs, 'much,' and tpappaxov, 'a medicine.'  The
prescribing of too many medicines.  A prescrip-
tion, consisting of a number of medicines ; hence
the name Polyphar'macua,  given  to one who is
in the habit of prescribing a number of medicines,
and whose prescriptions are loaded with ingre-
dients.   The term is taken in bad part.
   POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence.
   POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Polypus.
   POLYPIONIA,  see Polysarcia — p.  Infantum,
see Polysarcia.
   POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polyplaa'ticna, from iroXvs,
'much,' and irXaooto,  'I form.'   That which has
many shapes.
   Polyplastic  Element, in histology, is one
which does not retain its prkuary shape ;  but un-
dergoes transformation into  others.—Gerber.
   POLYPODI'TES.   Wine  impregnated wifh
polypod}'.
   POLYPO'DIUM, P. Vulga're, P. Virginia'num
seupinnatif 'idum, Fi/ic'ula duleia, Common Pol'-
ypody,  Fern root, Rock Brake, Brake root.  This
fern grows  in  the clefts  of rocks, walls,  Ac, in
both  hemispheres.  It was formerly regarded as
a cholagogue, and was given in head diseases.  It
is not used now.
   Polypodium  Adiantiforme,  see   Calagualas
radix — p. Ainmifolium,  see  Calagualae  radix
— p.  Argenteum, see Calagualas radix — p.  Ca-
laguala,  Calagualae  radix — p. Coriaceum,  see
Calagualae radix—p. Dentatum, Asplenium filix
foemina—p. Filix foemina, Asplenium filix foemina.
   Polypo'dium Filix Mas,  Aepid'ium Filix Mas,
 A. depaa'tum seu ero'eum, Filix pinna'ta, Pteria,
Athyr'ium Filix  Mae, Blechnon,  Ptdyrrhi'zon,
 Blancnon Oriba'aii,  Lonchi'tia, Filic'ula, Male
Polypody or Fern, Filix maa, F. non  romo'aa
denta'ta, A'ephro'dium crena'turn,  N. Filix maa,
Polya'ticum callip'teria, P. filix maa, (F.) Fougire
male.   Nat.  Ord. Filices.   Sex. Syat.  Cryptoga-
 mia Filices.  The rhizoma of this plant has been
much extolled  as an anthelmintic, and in cases
 of taenia.  It was  the basis of a once  celebrated
 remedy—Madame Nouffer'a, but,  perhaps, more
 of the  efficacy was to be  attributed to the active
 purgatives by which  it was  followed than to the
 fern.  Dose,  ^ij to 3"j of the powdered solid part
 of the root;  followed in the morning by a strong
 cathartic of camboge or jalap.  An ethereal ex-
 tract has been proposed by Dr. Peschier,  of Geneva.
   Polypo'dium   Inca'nvm,  Pol'ypody,  Rock
 Brake; indigenous;  has  been considered demul-
 cent, cathartic and anthelmintic.
   Polypo'dium Incisum,  Asplenium filix foemina
—p. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina—p. Pennati-
 fidum,  P. vulgare — p. Politum, see  Calagualas
 radix — p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina—p.
 Virginianum, P.  vulgare — p. Vulgare, Polypo-
 dium.
   POLYPODY,  Polypodium incanum—p. Com-
 mon, Polypodium vulgare—p. Male, Polypodium
 filix mas.
   POL'YPOID,  PolypoVdea; from polypus, and
 ti<5os, ' form.' Having the shape of, or resembling,
 a polypus.
   POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius
 —p. Officinalis, Boletus laricis.
   POLYPOSIA,  TroAv;roo-ia,  from iroXvs,  'much,'
 and 710019, 'drink.'  Great thirst—desire for drink.
 Polydipsia.
   POLYPOUS, Polypo'sus:  same etymon as the
next.   Relating, or belonging  to, or resembling
I polypus. 
POLYPUS
700
POM MADE
  POL'YPUS, Peeudometamorpho'sis  polypo'sa,
from iroXvs, ' many/ and irovs, ' a foot.'  A name
given to tumours, which occur in mucous mem-
branes especially; and which have been compared
to certain zoophytes.  Polypi may form on every
mucous  membrane.  They are most  commonly
observed in the nasal fossae, pharynx, and  uterus;
more rarely in the stomach, intestines, bronchial
tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius externus.
They vary much in size, number, mode of adhe-
sion, and intimate nature.   Accordingly, they
have received various  appellations ;  mucous, soft,
vesic'ular, when their  substance has  been soft,
spongy, vesicular,  and,  as  it were,  gorged with
fluid.  Others  have been called hard; and these
have been distinguished into fibrous or fleshy, and
into scirrhous  or  cancerous.  Fibrous  polypi,
Pol'ypifibro'ai, Inopol'ypi, are of a dense, compact
texture,  and whitish colour.   They contain few
vessels,  and do not degenerate into cancer.  The
scirrhous or carcinom'atoua are true cancerous
tumours, painful ancrbleeding.  They present all
the pathological  changes which belong to  cancer-
ous affections, and the prognosis is of course un-
favourable.
  The mode of treating polypi must differ ac-
cording to  their character.   The means  used  to
destroy them have been, 1. To subject them  to
the action of certain astringent powders  or solu-
tions, to obtain their resolution.  2.  Cauterization
or the application  of the actual cautery or caus-
tics.  3.  Excision  or ablation with  a  cutting in-
strument.  4. Extirpation with the fingers or with
the polypus forceps.   5. A ligature,  put round
them so  as to prevent their  nutrition.   A seton
has, also, been sometimes used to gradually de-
stroy the pedicle.
  The term Polypi, Pseudopol'ypi, Cardi'tis po-
li/po'sa, Pol'ypiform Concre''tions, (F.) Concretions
polypeuses ou polypiformea ou aanguinea du Cceur,
Hemocardioplaatiea, (Piorry,) has  likewise been
applied to collections of blood—fibrinous  concre-
tions — found in the heart  or great vessels after
dissolution.   These were  once,  erroneously, re-
garded  as  morbid. The presence of these  con-
cretions may be  suspected, when in  the course  of
an acute or chronic affection of the heart, or  at
the close of chronic diseases in general—especially
those of the lungs — the heart's action  becomes
suddenly tumultuous,  obscure, and  accompanied
with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the  general
symptoms indicate the effects of obstructed circu-
lation.  The right cavities  are most frequently
affected.
  Pol'ypus  Bronchia'lis,  Bronchlemmi'tia,
Bronchi'tia membrana'cea,  B. plaatic, Bronchial
Croup,  Chronic  Croup  (?) Paeudo-mem' branoua
Bronchi'tia.  A  membraniform secretion  in the
bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character, having
the shape, when unexpectorated, of the bronchia.
It is the result of inflammation  of the lining
membrane  of those tubes.
  Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma—p. Fibrosus, see
Polypus — p. Uteri, Metropolypus.
  POLYRRHIZON, Polypodium filix mas.
  POLYRRHfEA, Profluvium.
  POLYSAR'CIA,  Polyaarco'aia,  from iroXvs,
'much,' and o-npf, 'flesh.'  Carnoa'itaa,  Polyao-
ma'tia, Adelipa'ria, Corpulen'tia, Steati'tes.  Ex-
cessive  corpulency.  Authors have  distinguished
two varieties  of this: — Polysarcia Carno'sa,
Cor'pulency,  and  P. Adipo'sa, Polypio'nia, Pi-
tnelo'eianim'ia, Pachya'mue, Pachyn'sis, Obea'itae,
Hyperpim'ele,  Lipa'ria,  Adipo'aia, Polyaar'cia
fagino'aa, Empyme'lium polyaar'cia, Baryso'mia,
Baryeomat'ica,  Lipo'aie,  Lipar'otca, Lipaa'ma,
Pinguitu'do, Pin'guitude, Obea'ity,  (F.)  Obesitc,
Embonpoint exceaaif.  A severe regimen  and ex-
ercise are the  best preventives.   Children are
occasionally met with of unusual fatness, in spite
of every care.   This moibid deposition has been
termed Polypio'nia infantum, and Chloro'aia gi-
gante'a.
  Polysarcia Viscerum, Physconia adiposa.
  POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia.
  POLYSIA'LIA; from iroXvs, 'much,' and o-ia-
Xov, 'saliva.'  Excessive discharge of saliva.
  POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia,
  POLYSPAS'TON, from  iroXvs, 'much,'  and
arata, ' I  draw.'  A powerful instrument for re-
ducing luxations.— Gorrasus.
  POLYSPERMIA;  from iroXvs,  'much,' and
arrcpua, 'sperm.'  Richness or fulness of sperm.
  POLYSTICUM CALLIPTERIS, Polypodium
filix mas—p. Filix Mas, Polypodium filix mas.
  POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA, see  Worms —
—p. Venarum,  see Worms.
  POLYTRIC, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  POLYT'RICHUM, from iroXvs,  'much,' and
5/)if, 'hair.'  Polyt'ricon, Polyt'richum vulga're,
Adian'tum  au'reum, Golden Maiden-hair,  (F.)
Perce-mouaae.  It is possessed of astringent pro-
perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the
lungs, and in calculous affections.
  POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE, Asplenium tri-
chomanoides.
  POLYTROPH'IA,  from iroAvj,  'much,' and
rpcQia, 'I nourish.'  Abundant or excessive nu-
trition.
  POLYURESIS, Diabetes.
  POLYURIA, Diabetes.
  POLYU'RICUS, from 7roA«j,  'much,'and ovpov,
'urine.'  Sauvages calls—lechu'riapolyu'rica—a
kind of ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine
in the bladder.
  POMA, Drink — p.  Chinensia, see Citrus  au-
rantium.
  POMACEUM, Cider.
  POMA'TUM, Pomma'tum, (F.) Pommade, Li-
parote.  A pharmaceutical preparation, employed
only externally; which differs  but little from an
ointment, except in having generally less consist-
ence.  It is usually made aromatic, and coloured
to render it more agreeable.
   Common Pomatum is made of lard, 121bs; suet,
41bs ; essence, ^ viij.
  Pomatum ad Labia  Demulcenda, Cerate for
the  lips — p. Epispasticum flavum, Unguentum
lyttae medicatum aliud — p. Epispasticum viride,
&c., Unguentum lyttae medicatum — p.  for the
Lips, Cerate for the lips—p. Nitricum vel oxyge-
natum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi — p. Saturni,
Unguentum plumbi superacetatis.
  POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacu-
anha.
  POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum.
  POMILIUS, see Nanus.
  POMMADE, Pomatum—p.  d'Alyon, Unguen-
tum acidi nitrosi—p, Antipsorique de Josser, Un-
guentum sulphuris compositum—p. d'Autenrieth,
Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati—p. de Cyrillo,
Unguentum  muriatis hydrargyri oxygenato me-
dicatus—p. Epispastique jaune,  Unguentum
lyttae  medicatum aliud—p. Epispastic/ue verte,
Unguentum lyttie medicatum—p. de Garou, Un-
guentum epispasticum de daphne gnidio.
   POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale
de  Gondret (F.), Gondrefs Counterirritant, Gon-
dretfs  ammoniacal  Caustic.  Liq. ammon. p.  ij ;
Sevi, p. j ; Ol.  amygdal. p. j ; M.  Used to excite
a speedy revulsion  in cases of chronic affections
of the brain, incipient  cataract, amaurosis, <tc, aa
well as to cauterize the integuments deeply.
   The above formula, is  that of the  French Co-
dex, but, according to  M. Trousseau, it is much.
too  hard for use,  unless  the  weather is  warm. 
POMMADE
701
POPULUS
  Ho proposes two Jormul a>., one for summer, the
  other for winter.   In the former he directs three
  parts of lard, one of suet, and four of liquor am-
  monia; in  the  latter, wiual parts of lard and
  liquor ammonite.
    POMMADE POUR LES LEVRES,  Cerate
  for the lips—p. Ophthalmique (Regent's,) Unguen-
  tum ophthalmicum —p. OxyggnSe,  Unguentum
  acidi nitrosi— p. Stibiee, Unguentum  antimonii
  tartarizati.
    POM ME,  see Pyrus malus— p. d'Adam, Po-
  mum Ada,,,i—p.  d'Amour, Solanum lycopersicum
  — p. Epmeusc, Datura stramonium—p. de Mer-
  veil/er Momordica  balsamica—p. Monsseuse, Be-
  degar—p. de Terre, Solanum tuberosum.
    POMMES HEMORRHOIDALES, see Vis-
  cum album.
    POMMETTE, see Malas os.
    POMMIER, Pyrus malus.
    POMPH'OLYX, from  iroptpos, <a bladder.'  A
  small vesicle on the skin.  An eruption oPbullce
  or blebs,  appearing  without any  inflammation
  around them, and  without  fever.   It is the Ec-
  phlysis Pompholyx of Good.   See Pemphigus.
    Pompholyx, Tutia, Zinci oxydum.
    POMPION, Cucurbita pepo.
    POMUM ADA'MI, (F.) Pomme d'Adam, Ad-
  am s Apple. The projection formed by the thyroid
  cartilage in the neck —of males particularly.  It
  is so called from a notion  that it was caused by
  the apple sticking in the throat of our first parent.
    Pomum Amoris, Testicle—p. Hierosolymitanum,
  Momordica balsamina—p. Melongenas, see Sola-
  num melongena —p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal-
  samina — p.  Spinosum, Datura stramonium.
    PONCTION, Puncturing.
    POND SHOVEL, Unisema  deltifolia.
    PONDERA  ET  MENSUR^l,  Weights and
  measures.
    PONDUS,  Pudibilia—p. Pharmaceuticum, see
  Weights and  Measures.
    PONGITIF, Pungent.
    PONS CEREBELLI, Pons  Varolii—p. He-
 patis, see  Lobulus anonymus — p. Sylvii,  Quad-
 rigemina Tubereula — p. Tarini, Tarini pons.
    Pons Varo'lii, Pons Cerebel'li,  Corpua  annu-
 lare, Procee'eue annularie, Prominentia annula'-
 ria cer'ebri, Eminen'tia annularie, Varo'li'a bridge,
 Nodua enccph'ali vel Cer'ebri, Cerebral protu'ber-
 ance, Protuberan'tia  annula'ria  Williaii,   (F.)
 Protuberance  cerebrate, P. annulaire, Misence-
 phale, Meaoctphale,  Pont de Varole, Annular pro-
 tuberance.   An eminence at the upper part  of the
 medulla oblongata,  first described by Varolius.
 It  is formed by the union of the crura cerebri and
 crura cerebelli.
   Pons Zygomatics, Zygomatic arch.
   PONTE, see Parturition—p. Periodique, see
 Parturition.
   PONTEDERIACORDATA.Unisemadeltifolia.
   PONTICUM ABSINTHIUM, Artemisia Pon-
 tica.
   POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron — p.
 Balm of Gilead, Populus Candicans — p. Black,
 Populus —p. Tree, Liriodendron—p. Tulip-bear-
 ing, Liriodendron.
  POPLES, Gare'tum,  Garretum, Ignya, Ig'nye,
 Suffra'go, Fosaa genu, Foaaa.pop/itee'a, the Ham,
 the Hough, Hock, (F.) Jarret, frompoat,  andplico,
' I  fold.'  The posterior part of the knee joint!
The ham forms what is called the popliteal region
or apace.
  POPLIT.F;US, Popliteal muscle.
  POPLITE,  Pojilitirus muscle.
  POl'LITHAD, see Popliteal aspect.
  Popiite'al,  Pop/itce'us, Pop>lil'ic, irovapoples,
  'the ham.'   That which relates to the ham.   A
  name given to various parts.
     Popliteal Artery — Popliteal portion of the
  crural, — (Ch.) is really a  continuation of the
  femoral,  which  changes its name on  passing
  through  the adductor  magnus muscle.  It de-
  scends a little obliquely outwards into the hollow
  of the ham, and extends from the commencement
  of the lower third of the thigh to the end of the
  upper quarter of  the leg, where it terminates  by
  dividing  into the posterior  tibial  and peroneal
  arteries.  In the ham, it gives off the three supe-
  rior articular arteries ; and, at the top of the leg,
  the arteries  of the  gemini  muscles  or  gemini
  branchea, (F.) branches jumelles, the two inferior
  articular arteries, and the tibialis antica.
    Popliteal Aspect.   An  aspect towards the
  side on  which the poples or ham is situated.
  Barclay.  Poplite'ad is used  by the same writer
  adverbially,  and signifies 'towards the popliteal
  aspect.'
    Popliteal Fossa, Poples.
    Poplite'al Glands,  Glan1dulce poplitcece.
  Lymphatic glands, four in number, seated in the
  popliteal region or space.
    Popliteal Muscle,  Poplitceus Muscle, Muscle
  Jarretier, Femoro-popliti-tibial,  (Ch.,) Subpop-
  litceus, (F.) Muscle poplite, is seated in the pop-
  liteal region.  It is triangular, long, flat; and is
  inserted, on the one hand, by means of a strong
  tendon, into  the tuberosity at the outer condyle
  of the femur, terminating below at the upper part
  of the posterior surface of the tibia.  This muscle
  bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the
  thigh on the  leg.   When the leg is bent, it causes
  it to turn, in  rotation, inwards.
   Popliteal  Nerves.   They result  from  the
  bifurcation of the sciatic, and are two in number,
  viz.  1. The  external popliteal, Peroneal  nerve,
  Branche peroniire, (Ch.)  It is smaller than the
  internal; turns to  the outside of the fibula at the
  upper part of the leg, and divides into the  mua-
  culo-cutaneoua branch, nerf pretibio-digital, (Ch.)
  and  the anterior tibial, nerf pretibio-susphalange.
  taire, (Ch.)  2. The inter'nal poplite'al nerve,
  Branche  tibiale, (Ch.) which is larger than the'
  other, and seems to be the real continuation of
 the sciatic nerve.   It descends vertically into the
 hollow of  the ham; and passes beneath the apo-
 neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which
 it  takes the  name tibial nerve.   It  furnishes
 the  external  aaphena nerve,  and a number  of
 branches,  that are distributed to the  posterior
 muscles of the leg.   It then passes to the sole of
 the  foot to be divided into  two branches, called
 Plantar nervea.
   Popliteal  Region, Poples—p. Space, Poples.
   Popliteal  Vein has the same arrangement as
 the artery  behind which  it is situate.
   POPLITIC, Popliteal.
   POPONAX. see  Pastinaca opoponax.
   POPPY, CELANDINE, Stylophorum diphyl-
 lum — p. Corn, red, Papaver rhceas — p. Heads
 see Papaver—p. Horn, Stylophorum diphyllum—
 p. Juice, Meconium—p. Prickly, Argemone Mexi-
 cana—p. Spotling, Cucurbalus Behen—p. Thorn
 Argemone  Mexicana — p. White,  Papaver—p!
 White, capsule, see  Papaver.
  POP'ULUS, Populus  nigra, .E,,ei'ros, Ache-
 ro'ia, Black  poplar, (F.)  Peuplier  noir.  The
 young ilia's,  oculi  or rudiments of  the leaves,
 which appear in  the beginning of spring, were
 formerly used  in an officinal ointment —the un-
guen'tum popule'um.  It was, also, recommended
in chronic affections of the lungs.
  The bark of Pop'ulus TremuloV dee, American
aepen, of P. Trem'ula seu pen'dula, European
or«pen,and of Populus CAN'mcANS^a/m of Giltad 
PORCELAINE
702
PORRIGO
Poplar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes aalicin and
populin, in which the properties probably reside.
  Populus Balsamifera, see Fagara octandra—
p. Candicans, see Populus—p. Pendula, P. tremula
—p. Tacamahaca, see Fagara octandra—p. Tre-
mula, see Populus—p. Tremuloides, see Populus.
  PORCELAINE, Essera, Urticaria.
  PORCELLIO, Oniscus.
  PORCELLUS. Oniscus.
  PORCULUS, Oniscus.
  PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis.
  Porcupine Men, Echinoder'mi.  Persons have
been so called in whom the cuticle  is produced in
the form  of pointed prolongations, as if  it had
been moulded on the papillas, like the shorter and
blunter quills of the porcupine.
  PORCUS, Vulva.
  PORDE, Crepitation.
  PORE, Porue, In'teretice, tropos, 'a passage.'
Anatomists have given this name to the openings
at the extremities of vessels at the surface of dif-
ferent membranes.  Exhalant Pores have been
supposed  to exist in the exhalants, to transmit
the fluids exhaled.—Absorbent Pores are em-
ployed in taking up parts that have to enter the
circulation. Pores exist in the cuticle; yet Hum-
boldt, with a powerful magnifying-glass, was un-
able  to observe them.  The  pores  of the skin
have also  been called apira'cula.
  POREBLIND, Myopie.
  PORI  BILIA'RII, Ductua bilia'rii, Sur'culi
 fell'ei.  Ducts which  receive the bile from the
penicilli of the liver, and convey it to the hepatic
duct.
  Pori Cuta'nei, P. Exhalan'tea seu Sudorif'eri
seu Reaorben'tea.   The  pores  of the skin.
  Poki Exhalantes, P. cutanei—p. Pulmonum,
Cellules, bronchic—p. Resorbentes, P. cutanei —
p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei.
  POROCE'LE,  from  irtapos,  callus/ and  xrfXn,
' a tumour.'  A hard tumour of the testicle or its
envelopes.
  POROMA, Induration.
  POROMPHALOCELE, Poromphalon.
  POBOM'PHALON, Poromph'alua, Porompha-
loce'le, from  iriapos, ' hard,'  and  optpaXos,  ' the
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia with hard and thick-
ened parietes.
  POROS, Canal.
  POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration.
  POROT'IC,  Porot'icua, from  mapos, 'callus.'
A remedy believed  to be capable of assisting the
formation  of callus.
  PORPHYRA,  Purpura —p.  Grascorum,  Pe-
techias — p. Hasmorrhagica, Purpura hasmorrha-
gica.
  PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina.
  PORPHYRISMUS, Scarlatina.
  PORPHYRIZATION, Levigation.
  PORPHYRO-TYPHUS, see Typhus.
  V(yRPIlYRXJ'RIA,Porphyu'ria; from iroptpvpa,
' purple,' and ovpov, ' urine.'  A state of the urine
— pur'puric urine — in which it deposits  the re-
markable colouring matter—pur'purine—in asso-
ciation with urate of ammonia.
  POR'PHYRY,  Porphyri'tea,  from iroptpvpa,
'purple.'   A  species  of very hard,  compound
rock, susceptible of considerable polish, and used
in the fabrication  of mortars and slabs  for the
apothecary.
  Porphyry, Black, Ophites.
   PORPHYURIA, Porphyruria.
   P OR RACE, Porraceous.
   PORRA'CEOUS, Porra'ceua, Pra'ainus,
 porrum,  'a leek.'   (F.) PorracL  Having
 £reen  colour  of the leek.  An epithet giv
     ■certain  excreted  matters, — tb.e sputa, bile and
     fasces particularly.
       PORREAU, Allium porrum.
       PORRECTUM, Lever.
       PORRET, Allium porrum.
       PORR1GINE, Porrigo favosa.
       PORRIGINEUN, Porriginous.
       PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous.
       PORRIG"INOUS, Porrigino'eua, (F.) Porri-
     ginenx. ■ Appertaining to porrigo.
       PORRI'GO  (L.), ' scurf or scall in the head.'
      Tin'ea, Earns, Furfura'tio, Fur'fares,  Ecjiye'sis
     porrigo,  Phlysis porrigo,  from porrigere,  ' to
     spread.' (F.) Teigne, Rache.  Some of the varie-
     ties are contagious.   It is principally character-
     ized by an  eruption  of the pustules, called favi
     and achores, unaccompanied by fever.
       Porrigo  Decal'vans, Tricho'sia a'rea, Area,
     Alope'cia area'ta, A. partia'lis, A. circumscrip'ta,
     Phytoalope'cia, Tyr'ia, Tyro'ma,Ophi'asis, Tin'ea
     tondens, Herpena tonsu'rana, Limited  or partial
     Baldneea, consists of patches of baldness without
     decay or change of colour in  the surrounding
     hair,  the exposed parts of the scalp being glab-
     rous, white, and  shining.  The morbid condition
      sometimes spreads, so that the patches coalesce,
      rendering the baldness  extensive.  To a vege-
      table  growth  found at  the roots of the hair
      in  Tinea  tondens, Malmsten  of  Stockholm
     has given  the name Trichophyton tonau'rana.
      The  treatment consists  in  keeping  the scalp
      cleared by  constant  shaving, and  in the steady
     application  of  some stimulating liniment or oint-
      ment.
        Porrigo  Favo'sa, Ce'rion, Favua,  Ecpyc'sia
     porrigo favosa,  Tinea favosa,  Sca'bies  cap'itis
      favosa, Melice'ra,  Melice'rum,  Melice'ria,  Mel-
      lifa'viuin,  Porrigophyte, Honey-comb  Scall  or
      Tetter, (F.) Teigne faveuee, Porrigine.  This con-
      sists  in an  eruption  of pustules common to the
     head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, flattened
      at  the top, in clusters, often uniting;  discharge,
      fetid ; scabs, honey-combed ;  the cells filled with
      fluid.   It occurs both in early and  adult life.
      Modern researches have satisfied some observers,
      that the crusts of favus  are of vegetable nature,
      and formed of a  parasitic plant, belonging to the
      genus mycoderm'a,  for  which Remak has pro-
      posed the name Achorion Schonleini.  The point
      is  not, however,  settled.   The treatment of this
      variety must consist in the exhibition of laxatives
      and the mildest stimulating  ointments, such as
      the Ung.  zinci, Ung. hydrargyri. prcecipitat. alb.,
      &c.  Eczema  of the hairy scalp  is often  con-
      founded with Porrigo.
        Porrigo  Fur'furans, Ecpyeaie porrigo fur-
      fura'cea, Tinea  furfuracea, Tinea porrigino'aa,
      Pityri'aeia   Tricho'aia furfura'cea, Teigne fur-
      furacie (Alibert),  commences with an eruption
      of small achores, the fluid of which soon concretes
      and  separates in innumerable, 'thin, laminated
      scabs, or scale-like exfoliations.  It is attended
      with a good deal of itching and some soreness of
      the scalp, to which  the  disease is confined.  It
      occurs chiefly in adults.  In the treatment, the
      scalp must  be kept  shaved.  The  part must be
      washed repeatedly with soap and  water, and an
      oiled silk cap worn.  The nature of the ointments
      used must vary according to the period of disease
      and  the  irritability of  the part affected.  Zinc
      ointment; — one  made with the Cocculua indieua;
      ■— the Sulphur ointment; — Citrine ointment and
      Ung. hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi; Tar ointment and
      Nitric acid ointment have all been fbund useful.
     ' Should inflammation or discharge  arise,  these
from applications must of course be intermitted.
;  the    Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa.
en to'    Porrigo Larva'lis,  Cruata lac'tea, Ecpye'si* 
PORRIGOPHYTE
703
PORTE-VEINE
Porrigo erusta'cea, Menti'go, Achor, Tin'ea  lac'-
tea, T. Fa'ciei, Milky acall  or Tetter, Lactu'men,
Lacti'go, (F.) Croute de lait, Cro&te  laiteuee,  Feux
volages, La  Graiue.  This is, almost exclusively,
a disease of infancy. It commonly appears first
on  the  forehead and cheeks, in an eruption of
numerous, minute, whitish achores on a red sur-
face.  These break and discharge a viscid fluid,
which becomes incrusted in  thin, yellowish, or
greenish scabs.  The patches  spread,  until the
whole face  becomes, as  it  were, enveloped in a
mask; hence the epithet larvalis.  The  disease
is rather a variety of Eczema.  Sometimes the
eruption appears on the  neck and breast; and,
occasionally, on the extremities.  In general, the
health of the child does  not suffer, but the erup-
tion is  always attended with much itching and
irritation.   The treatment consists in mild,  tepid
ablution, and  the application of  gently stimu-
lating ointments, as of the oxydum zinci.  The
bowels  must be kept in  a soluble state by  small
doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia.
   Porrigo  Lupino'sa,  Tin'ea lupi'na,  Scabies
cap'itis, Ecpye'aia  porrigo lupino'aa, Porri'go
larva'lie, Impeti'go figura'ta, Tin'ea granula'ta,
 T.  muco'ea,  Cruata lactea (of some),  Ment'agra
infan'tum, (F.) Teigne,  Dartre crustacee flaves-
cente, consists of minute pustules in small patches,
mostly  commencing on  the scalp; the patches
terminate in dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine
seeds;  the interstices often covered with a thin,
whitish, and exfoliating incrustation.   It occurs
chiefly  in early life, and requires the same treat-
ment as the last.
   Porrigo  Scutula'ta,  Tin'ea  granula'ta, Ec-
pye'aia porrigo galea'ta, Tinea fico'aa, Acho'rea
seu Sca'biea  cap'itis,  Ringworm  of the Scalp,
Scalled head, (F.) Teigne annulaire, T. en anneau,
 T.  nnmmulaire.  It commences with clusters of
small, light, yellow pustules, which soon scab off;
and, if  neglected, become hard by  accumulation.
If  the  scabs be removed, the  surface is left red
and shining,  but studded with  slightly elevated
points.   If not attended to, it involves the whole
head.   It occurs in children three or four years
of  age,  and is very unmanageable.  The  rules
laid down under Porrigo furfurana must be here
still  more  perseveringly  enforced.  The whole
tribe of stimulating ointments may be used in
succession.   No  one will always  succeed,  and
hence the necessity of change, provided advan-
tage  should not  seem  to follow any particular
application.  The Unguentum ad Scabiem, of Ban-
yer, sometimes cures, when others fail.
   PORRIGOPHYTE, Porrigo favosa.
   PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion.
   PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion.
   PORTA,  irvXn, Pyl'e, ' a gate.'  The part of the
liver where its vessels enter as by a gate.   Also,
the Vulva.
   Porta Jecoris, Porta vena.
   Porta Vkna,  Vena porta,  V. porta'rum seu
porta'lia, Rama'lia  vena, Jan'itrix, Vena magna
seu quee ad portaa cat seu atelechice'a seu lac'tea
seu oatia'ria,  Porta Jec'oria, Porta, Vena  arte-
rio'aa seu arteria'lia, 3fanua Jec'oria seu he'patia,
 Vena ad portas.  The System of the vena porta
or the Abdom' inalvenoue ayetem, (F.) Veine porte,
Porte  veine,  is a vascular apparatus of black
blood, situate in the abdomen, and  resulting from
two distinct orders of vessels, united into one
common trunk.   1. One of these  trunks, much
more extensive than the other, has received the
name Vena porta abdomina'lis, because it arises
from all the organs enclosed in the cavity of the
abdomen, except the kidneys and bladder; and
in  the female, the uterus.   The Abdominal vena
porta  has two principal roots, the splenic vein
and the superior mesenteric, which have  their
ramifications in all the digestive organs.  2. The
other trunk, destined solely  to  the liver, has
been called the Hepat'ic vena porta.   It appears
to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta,
and  proceeds  towards the inferior surface of the
liver.  Opposite to the transverse fissure of that
organ, it divides,like an artery,into two branches,
which, by their  union, seem to form  a canal  or
duct, called by some the Sinus of the vena porta.
These  branches are distributed in the substance '
of the liver, whither  they are accompanied by a
prolongation of the fibrous capsule of that organ,
— the capsule  of Glisson.  The different branches
of the vena porta are devoid of valves. See Liver.
  PORTAL, from porta,  ' a gate.'   Relating  to
the porta of the liver, — as the portal system,  or
system  of  the vena  porta.  By extension, the
term has been applied to an analogous system  of
vessels in the kidney.  See Kidney.
  Portal Fissure, see Liver — p. System of the
Kidney,  see Kidney — p. Veins of the Kidney,
see Kidney.
  PORTE-AIGUILLE, Acutenac'ulum, Needle-
carrier, Needle-bearer, from (F.) porter, 'to car-
ry,' and aiguille, ' a needle.'  An instrument for
accurately  laying hold of a needle, and giving it
greater length, when it is so fine and small that
it cannot be held by the fingers.  It is of steel or
silver, about two inches long, and throughout the
whole, almost,  of its length,  divided into two
branches, so as to form a kind of forceps, capable
of being closed by means of a  sliding ring.  A
modification of this instrument was  devised  by
Dr. Physick for taking up  deep-seated  arteries
beyond the reach of a  tenaculum or common
needle.   It consists of a forceps so constructed
as to hold  in its extremity a needle armed with
a. ligature.   The handles of the forceps are fas-
tened together, temporarily, by a spring or catch:
and, when  the needle is fairly deposited beneath
the vessel,  it is  disengaged from the forceps and
drawn out, leaving the  ligature behind, which
can be tied without difficulty.
  POR TE-B 0 UGIE, (F.)  A  silver  canula
similar to  that of a trochar,  except that  it is
longer.  It is  used for conducting bougies into
the urethra.
  P OR TE- CA USTIQ UE, Porte-pierre—p.
Feuille, Subscapulars.
  PORTE-LIGATURE, from porter, 'to carry,'
and  ligature.    An instrument for conveying a
ligature to  deep-seated parts.
  PORTE-MECHE  (F.), from porter, 'to carry,'
and mlche, ' a  tent.'   An instrument for carrying
tents or meches deeply into fistulous openings, or
sinuses, to  the bottom of ulcers, <fec.   It is a wire
of silver or steel, four or five inches long, having
a notch  at one extremity, and a button at the
other.
  PORTE-MOXA,  (F.)  A  small  instrument
for keeping the moxa applied  to  a  part to  be
cauterized.  It consists of a metallic ring—sepa-
rated from the skin by three supports of ebony—
to whicji a handle is adapted.
  PORTE-NCEUD {¥.), from porter, 'to carry,*
and noeud,  'a knot.'   An instrument for carrying
a ligature round the base or pedicle of a tumour.
  PORTE-PIERRE {V.),Porte-cauatique, Cans.
tic bearer.  An instrument similar to a porte-
crayon for  carrying lunar caustic.
  PORTE-SONDE.  (F.) An instrument resem-
bling a porte-crayon, employed for holding the
style  or sonde, and inserting it more readily into
the nasal  duct, during the operation for fistula
lachrymalis.
  POR TE- VEINE,  Porta Vena. 
PORTER
704
POTASn
  PORTER, Cerevisia.
  PORTIO DURA, Facial  nerve —p. Inter du-
ram etmollem, Portio Wrisbergii—p. Intermedia
VVrisbergii, Portio Wrisbergii —p. Media inter
portionem duram et portionem mollem, Portio
Wrisbergii.
  Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve.
  Por'tio Wrisber'gii, Portio interme'dia Wria-
ber'gii, Portio media inter portionem duram et
portionem mollem, Portio inter duram et mollem,
(F.)  Faisceau  intermidiare de  Wriaberg, Inter-
mediaire de Wrisberg.  A small, white fasciculus,
intermediate between the portio mollis and portio
dura of the seventh pair of  nerves, which  was
first  described by Wrisberg.  The Chorda Tym-
pani is supposed by some to emanate from this
nerve.
  PORTION COSTO-TRAOHELIENNE, DU
SACRO-SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi—p. Ecail-
leux  ou equameux du  temporal, Squamous portion
of the  temporal—p. Lombaire du plexua crural,
Lumbar plexus.
  PORTION GODRONNEE DE LA CORNE
D'AMMON.   A name given by Vicq d'Azyr to
a small,  denticulated cord, of a compact tissue
and granular appearance, which unites the cornu
ammonis to the paries of the lateral ventricle.
  PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum.
  PORTULA'CA, Andrach'ne, Al'lium Gal'licum,
Portula'ca olera'cca,  Purelane, (F.) Pourpier cul-
tive.   This plant abounds with  a  watery  and
somewhat acid juice; and is often put into soups
or pickled with  spices.  It is regarded as  anti-
septic and aperient.
  POROUS, Callus,  Meatus — p. Acusticus, Au-
ditory canal, internal.
  PORUS OP'TICUS.  An opening in the centre
of the cribriform lamella of the sclerotic, through
which the central artery of the retina enters the
eyeball.
  POSCA, Oxycrate.
  POSE, Coryza.
  POSIMOS, Potable.
  POSITION, FALSE, False position.
  POSOL'OGY,  Poeolog"ia,  Doeiolog"ia,  from
voaos, 'quantity,' and Xoyos, 'adiscourse.'  Indi-
cation of the doses in which the different articles
of the materia  medica ought to be exhibited.
  POSSET, Posse'tum, from (L.) posca,  'sour
wine and water.'  Milk curdled with wine, or any
acid, or treacle.  A preparation of beer and milk;
Zythog'ala.
  Posset, Sack, see Sack—p. Sago, see Sago.
  POSSETING, Regurgitation (of Infants).
  POSTBRACHIALE, Metacarpus.
  POSTCARPIUM,  Metacarpus.
  POSTE'RIOR  ANNULA'RIS.   An  external,
interosseous muscle, which arises from the corre-
sponding sides of the  metacarpal bones of the
ring-finger and little finger, and is inserted  into
the inside  of  the tendon  on the back of the
ring-finger.  Its use is to  draw the ring-finger
inwards.
  Posterior Auris, Retrahens auris.
  Posterior In'dicis  Manus.  An internal, in-
terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner
or ulnar side of the  metacarpal bone of the  fore-
finger, and is inserted into the inside of  the  ten-
don on the back of the fore-finger.  Its use  is to
draw the fore-finger inwards.
  Posterior Indicis  Pedis, Abduc'tor Indicia
Pedia.   An external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of the fore-toe,  and second of the small
toes, and  is inserted into the outside of the root
of the first bone of the fore-toe.  Its uae is to poll
the  fore-toe outwards.
  Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti Manus.  An exter-
nal, interosseous muscle, which arises  from  the
corresponding sides  of the metacarpal  bones of
the  middle and ring-fingers; and is inserted into
the  inside of the tendon on the back of the mid-
dle  finger.  Its uae is to draw the middle finger
inwards.
  Posterior  Medii Dig"iti  Pedis,  Abductor
medii  digiti pedia.  An  external, interosseous
muscle, which originates from  the  contiguous
sides of the metatarsal bones of the second  and
third  of  the  small toes, and is inserted into  the
outside of the  root of the first bone of the second
of the small toes.   Its  uae is to pull the toe out-
wards.
  Posterior  Ter'tii  Dig"iti, Adduc'tor tertii
digiti. An  external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones  of the third and fourth of the small toes,
and is inserted into the outside of the root of the
first bone of the third of tho small  toes.  Its use
is to pull the toe outwards.
  POSTHE. Penis, Prepuce.
  POSTHET'OMIST,  Poathet'omua, from iroo$v,
'prepuce,' and ropn, 'incision.'  One who per-
forms the operation of  circumcision.
  POSTHETOMY, Circumcision.
  POSTHIA, Hordeolum.
  POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,  Poathioplaa'ticua, from
iroo-^iov, 'the prepuce,'  and irAao-o-ui,  'I form.'  An
epithet applied to the operation for restoring the
prepuce.
  POSTHI'TIS, from  iroo-017, 'the prepuce,  the
penis,' and itia, the termination for  inflammation.
Inflammation of the prepuce or penis.
  POSTHIUM, Prepuce.
  POSTHON'CUS, from iroaBn, 'the prepuce or
penis,' and  oyxos,  'a tumour.'  Swelling of the
prepuce or penis.
  POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from ttoo-017,  'prepuce,'
and irXaonxos, ' formative.' The art of making a
new prepuce.
  POST'HUMOUS, from poat, 'after,' and humua,
'the ground.'  Occurring after death.
  Posthumous Child.   One born after the death
of its father, or taken from the dead  body of its
mother, as by the Cassarean section.
  POST-MORTEM. 'After death;'  as 'a, poat
mortem or necroscopic examination.'
  POST-NATUS.   In  the old  law writers,  the
second son.
  POST-PARTUM. 'After delivery.'  As 'poat
partum hemorrhage.'
  POSTPOSIT'TO.  Delay in the return of a
paroxysm.  It is opposed to anticipatio, which
means the return of a  paroxysm earlier than its
accustomed hour.
  In this sense, we speak of an anticipating, and
a poatponing 'Febria hyateret'ica) intermittent.
  POSTREMA,  Uterus.
  PO'TABLE, Potab'ilis, from potare, 'to drink.'
Pot'imos, Potoe, Poa'imoe, ' drinkable.'  Water is
said to be potable, when it contains atmospheric
air; is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg-
nation of consequence.
  POTASH.  So called from the pots or vessels
in which it was made;—Vegetable alkali, Gaatri-
7171771.   Also, Potass.
  Potash of Commerce, Potaeaa  impin'ra,  Im-
pure potaaaa, Alu'men cati'num, Cin'crea Rua'aici,
Subcar'bonaa potas'sce impu'rus, Potaa'ace cur'bo-
naa impnrua,—the  Pcorlaah of commerce, is pre-
pared  from  the ashes of land-plants  by calcina-
tion, solution in water, filtration, and evaporation.
It usually consists of  subcarbonate  of potassa, 
POTASS
705
POTASSA
sulphate of potassa, chloride of potassium, silex,
oxido of iron, Ac.
   From the ashes of lees of wine, and from vine-
twigs,  a.  much purer  alkali is  obtained.   It is
called 67m'*  infecto'riua, C. f cecum, Cin'erca ela-
vella'ti, Alu'men fcecum, Cin'eree gravella'U, (F.)
 Cciidrea gruvelics, Ccndrea  de surment.
   Another variety of  the  alkali  is afforded by
burning argol in a crucible; afterwards powder-
ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white;  then
dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating. It
is called Salt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Kali prce-
para'tum e tar'taro, Kali e tartaro, Subcur'bonas
2'otassce puria'aimus, Potae'ece subcur'bunae e tar'-
taro.  Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to ashes,
dissolved in  water, filtered, and  evaporated  to
dryness,  it affords another variety of vegetable
alkali,  the Sal abain'thii or Salt  of wormwood.
   Impure potash is  used  for  preparing the sub-
carbonate for medical use.
   POTASS,  Potassa, Potassa fusa, Potash.  The
protoxide of potassium.
   POTASSA, ACETATE  OF, Potassas acetas —
p. Bichromate of,  Potassas  bichromas — p. Bisul-
phate of,  Potassas supersulphas—p. Bitartrate of,
Potassa; supertartras — p.  Carbonate of, Potassas
carbonas — p. Carbonate  of, pure, see Potassas
subcarbonas—p. Chlorate of, Potassa; murias hy-
peroxygenatus — p. Chromate of,  Potassas chro-
mas — p. Chromate of,  neutral, Potassas chromas
— p. Chromate  of, yellow, Potassas ehromas.
   Potas'sa cum Calce, Potass with lime,  Calx
cum call puro, Caus'ticum commu'ne for'tins, La-
pis infcrna'Us sive se.p'tictts, Kali caua'ticum cum
calce,  Potaa'aa  ope  calcia  pctra'ta  et igne fuaa,
Lapis  caus'ticus,  (F.) Potasee preparee  avec  la
chaux,  P. d la Chaux, Pierre a cautere.  'Po-
tavsce,  Calcia aa J$j.   Rub together, and keep  in
a well-stopped boille.  Ph. U. S.)  Used for the
same purposes as the next, but more manageable;
being less deliquescent.
   Potassa,  Euchlorate  of,  Potassas  murias
hyperoxygenatus— p.  Ferrocyanate of, Potassii
ferrocyitnuretum—p. Ferroprussiate of, Potassas
cyanuretum.
   Potassa Fusa, Potaeaa, Kali causticum, Fuaed
jwtaaa, Caua'ticum commu'ne acer'rimum, Kali
puruni, Al'kali  rcgetab'ile fixum caua'ticum, Caua-
ticum  a/kali'num, C.  commu'ne, C.  Potcntia'le, C.
Sali'niim,  Hydraa ka'licum,  Hydraa potaa'ace
puree fuace, Potaaace hydraa, Lapia caua'ticus, La-
pia canst icus chiritrgo'rum,  Lapis infcrna'Us alca-
ti'nua, L. sep'ticua, Rupto'rium commu'ne, Fixed
vcg"ettible alkali, Hydrate of Potaaaa, (V.) Po-
taaae caustique.  (Prepared by evaporating solu-
tion of potass  to  dryness in  an  iron  vessel.)
This preparation is generally run into cylindrical
moulds, covered with paper, and  kept in well-
corked vessels.  It is powerfully escharotic, and
is used for forming issues, curing strictures, &c.
   Potassa, Fused, Potassa fusa—p. Hydriodate
of, Potassas hydriodas—p.  Hydrobromate of, see
]bromine—p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii cyanure-
1  am—p. Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of—p. Hy-
perta.rtras, P. supertartras  — p.  Impura, Potash
of commerce — p. and  Iron, tartrate of,  Ferrum
lartarizatuin—p. with Lime, Potassa cum calce—
j'. Liquida, Liquor potassas—p. Mephite of, Po-
lassa.' subcarbonas—p. Monochromate of, Potassas
chromas—p.  Muriate of, Potassas murias—p. Ni-
trate of, Potassas nitras — p. Ope calcis parata et
i,ne fusa, Potassa cum  calce — p. Oxymuriate of,
Potassa; murias hyperoxygenatus — p. Prussiate
cf, Potassii ferroevanuretum—p. and Soda, Tar-
trate of, Soda, tartrate of—p. Subcarbonate of,
Potassas subcarbonas—p.  Sulphate  of, Potassas
s  ilphas — p. Sulphate of, aeid, Potassa' supersul-
phas—p. Sulphuret of, Potassas sulphuretum—p.
      45
Supercarbonate of, Potassas carbonas—p. Super-
sulphate of, Potassas supersulphas — p. Supertar-
trate  of, Potassas  supertartras — p. Tartrate of,
Potassa; tartras.
  POTASS.E ACE'TAS, Acetas  kali,  Oxytar'ta-
rua, Acetaa lixiv'ice seu ka'licum, Al'kali tar'tari
ace'to satura'tum, Alcali vegetub'ile  cum  aceto,
Magiste'rium tartari purgans,  Terra folia'ta Tar-
tar!, Kali aceta'tum, Sal diuret'icus, Sal Scnner'ti,
Ac"etate of potass, Arcafnum tartari, (F.) Acetate
de potasse.  (Acid, acetic. Oj, Potasses carbon, q. s.
Mix and add, by degrees, enough  acetic acid  to
saturate the alkali.  Then  filter and  evaporate
till a  pellicle is formed, which  is to  be  dried upon
bibulous paper; evaporate again  in a water-bath,
and, removing the pellicles, dry. — Ph. U.  S.)
  It  is cathartic and  diuretic.   Dose, 3.) to 3'j<
or more.
  Potassa et Alumina Sulphas,  Alumen —
p. Biantimonias,  Antimonium diaphoreticum —
p. Bicarbonas, Potassas carbonas.
  Potas'sa Bichro'mas, Kali  chro'micum ru-
brum  seu ac"idum seu bichro'micuni, Bichro'mate
of potas'sa.  Procured by adding  sulphuric, ni-
tric,  or acetic  acid to  a  solution of the neutral
chromate, and setting it aside  to crystallize.   It
is a violent irritant poison; and has  been used
as a  caustic in cases  of morbid  growths, in the
proportion  of  from half a drachm to a drachm of
the salt to  from an ounce to an ounce  and  a half
of water.
  Potassae Bisulphas, P. supersulphas — p. Bi-
tartras, P.  supertartras.
  Potassae Car'bonas, Kali aera'tum, Bicar'-
bonaa potassm, Potas'sce bicar'bonaa (Ph. U. S.)
Deutocarbonaa potaaaii, Carbonate,  bicar'bonate,
or eupercar'bonate of piotassa.   This is not  caus-
tic, like  the subcarbonate of  potass, and hence,
has been preferred  to  relieve acidity.  (Potass.
carbon, lbiv, Aquce deetillat. Ox.   Pass carbonic
acid through  the  solution until  if  is   saturated,
and filter.   Evaporate  at a heat not   exceeding
160°, and  dry the crystals  on  bibulous paper.
Carbonic acid  is  obtained from  marble by the
addition of dilute  sulphuric  acid. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, gr. x to gss.   It is  used in forming the
soda powders, as well as for its antacid  properties.
  Potassa Carbonas, P. subcarbonas — p. Car-
bonas impurus, P. subcarbonas — p.  Carbonas
purus, see P. subcarbonas—p. Chloras, P. murias
hyperoxygenatus—p. Chloruretum  oxydatum, P.
murias hyperoxygenatus.
  Potas's.i;  Chromas, Kali  chro'micum flavum
seu neutra'le, A'eutral yellow Chromate, or Mono-
chromate of potaaaa.   Prepared by  igniting  a
mixture of four parts  of  native ehromite of iron
(chrome-iron ore)  and one part of nitre; dissolv-
ing out the chromate of potassa by  water, and
crystallizing.  It has been used as an emetic, ex-
pectorant and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  as  an emetic,
from  two to four grains; as an expectorant, from
i-th to i grain.. In the proportion of one drachm
to 32  ounces of water, it has been used as an an-
tiseptic wash — called by Jacobson, Liquor con-
serra'trix.
  Potassa Citras, Citrate of potaaaa.  (Acid.
citric. 5-\,  Potaaa. bicarb, ^xiv, Aq.  q. s.  Dis-
solve  the acid in  the  water;  and after efferves-
cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness.
The  salt is deliquescent, and must be kept in
well-stopped bottles.   Ph. U. S.)   It possesses
the refrigerant  properties of the  neutral salts,
and may be given in fever, when to do little or
nothing is the most advisable course.  Dose, gr. x
to ,"ss.
  Potass.e  et Ferri Tartras,  Ferri tartariza-
tum— p. Hydras, Potassa fusa.
  Potass.e  Hydui'odas,  Potasace  Protohydri'o- 
POTASS.E
706
POTASS.E
daa, Potaa'sii protoxi'di hydri'odaa, Kali Hydri-
odin'icuni, K. Hydriod'icum, Hydriodas Ka'licus,
Hydri'odatc of potaee, (F.) Hydriodate de potaaae.
If a solution of potass be poured on iodine, an
iodate and hydriodate  are  formed.  These  may
be  separated by means of alcohol,  which  only
dissolves the latter of these salts.  The hydrio-
date, or rather the I'odide of Potas'sium, Kalium
Ioda'tum, Potassii loduretum seu lo'didum, (F.)
Iodine de potassium, mrfy be obtained by evapo-
ration.  When  the Iodide  of potassium is dis-
solved in water, it becomes the  Hydriodate of
Potassa.   The  following is  the formula in  the
Ph.  U. S.   Potass, ^yj ; Iodin. in pulv. ^xvj ;
Carpon. ligni in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij ; Aq. bullient.
Oiij.   Dissolve the potassa in the water; add the
iodine gradually, stirring until the solution be-
comes colourless, and continue the additions until
the liquid  remains slightly coloured from excess
of iodine.  Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the
charcoal towards the close.   Rub to powder, and
heat  to dull redness in an iron  crucible, keeping
up  the temperature for 15 minutes.  When  cool,
dissolve  out the saline  matter  with pure water,
filter the solution, evaporate  and set  aside to
crystallize.   By evaporating and crystallizing as
before, an additional quantity of crystals may be
obtained.   Virtues, — those of iodine.
  Potass.e Mu'rias,  Sal Digesti'vus vel Sal fe-
brif'ugtta Syl'vii, Muriate of  Potaaa,  Spir'itua
sails  mari'ni coagula'tus.  Bitter and refrigerant.
  Potass.e  Mu'rias  Hyperoxygena'tus, Po-
taaace  Chlortia,  P. oxymu'riaa,  Oxymu'riate  or
hyperoxymu'riate of potaas,  Chlorate of potaa'aa,
Euchlo'rate of potaaa,  Alcali vegetab'ile sali'to-
dephloyistica'tunt, Chlorure'tum  potas'sce  oxyda'-
tum,  Halo'i'dum  oxygena'turn,  Oxyge'no-Chloru-
re'tum potaa'sii,  Proiochlo1 rate of potas'sium,  Kali
chio'ricum, Chloras Ka'licus depura'tus, (F.) Chlo-
rate de potasse.  It has been regarded as anti-
neuropathic, and as an  alterative purifier of the
blood and  humours.   It is of doubtful efficacy.
Dose, 3 to  6 grains or more.
  Potas's.e  Nitras, Nitrate of Potass, Nitrum,
Sal nitrum, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal petite, Salse'do
mucrum, Sanguin'ea, Berenic"ium, Halini'trum,
Protoni'trate of Potas'sium, Nitrate of protox'ide
of  Potaaaium, Kali ni'tricum,  Nitraa ka'licum,
Nitraa lixiv'ice, (F.)  Nitrate  de potasse.   Ob-
tained from  the putrefaction of animal matters,
in contact with  calcareous or alkaline earths, by
elixiviation; adding, if  necessary, wood-ashes to
supply the  alkaline basis.   It  is  formed, in  an
impure state, by nature, in warm climates.
  It  is diuretic and refrigerant,  and,  in  large
doses, purgative; externally, cooling and deter-
gent.  Dose, gr. x to Jss.   In  large doses  it is
an  acrid poison.
  Potassae Nitras Fusus Sulpha'tis Paucil'lo
Mixtus, Sal prunel'lce, Crystal'lus minera'lis,
Nitraa potae'ace  cum aid'phure fusus, Nitrum tcibu-
la'twn, Lapis Prunel'lce, Sore-throat salt, Min'c-
ral  crystal,  Anod'ynum minera'le.   Nitrate of
potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and
run into  moulds.  Its  properties  are  those of
nitre.
   Potassae Ox'alas, Superox'alate of Protox'ide
of  Potas'sium,  Ox'alas Aeid'ulum Potas'sce seu
Potas'sce acid'ulus seu ba'eicue,  Snperox'alaa ka'-
licum, S. Potaeece, Hyperoxalae  Potassce, Sal Ace-
tosel'lce,  Oxa'lium, Kali oxal'icnm aeid'ulum, Ox'-
alaa  aubpotaa'aicus.  Oxalate of Potaaa,  Salt of
Sorrel.  Prepared from the juice of wood sorrel.
It is refrigerant, and is used to make lemonade,
<fcc.
   Potassae  Oxalas Acidulum,  Potass, oxalate
of—p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxygenatus—
p.  Protohydriodas, P. hydriodas — p. Puras  fusas
hydras, Potassa fusa — p. et Sodas tartras, Soda,
tartrate of.
  Potassae Subcar'bonas, P.  Car'bonaa (Ph.
U.  S.), Subcar'bonaa  Kali, Car'bonaa Potassce,
Kali prmpara'turn,  Sal Herba'rum, Calca'reou*
Tartar, Sal Planta'rum, Subcarbonate of Potass,
Sal Tar'tari,  Sal Absin'thii, Mephite of Potass,
ifec.  (See Potash.)  A filtered solution of the im-
pure subcarbonate, Potas'aa; car'bonaa impu'rus
(Ph. U. S.) Pearl-ash (see Potash,) evaporated to
dryness.  This deliquescent salt  is given in tho
same cases as the potassas  carbonas, than which
it is more caustic and disagreeable.
  The Parisian codex has a Subcar'bonaa Potas'ace
ex tar'taro combua'to, vulgo Sal Tartari or Salt of
Tartar — it is the Potaeece carbonaa puma, Pure
Carbonate of Potassa, Ph. U.  S. ; a Subcarbonas
Potasses exdeflagran'tibus simul tar'trate acid'ulo
ct Nitrate Potassce paratus, vulgo  Nitrum ex tar-
taro fixum ; and a Subcarbonas potassce ex dejta-
gran'te cum Carbo'nibus Nitrtt'te  Potassce para-
tus, vulgo Nitrum fixum.  They are all used like
the preceding.
  Potassae Subcarbonas  Impurus,  Potash of
commerce.
  Potassae Sulphas, Kali vitriola'tum, Sulphas
Kali, Kali eulphu'ricum, Lixir'ia vitrio/a'ta, A'i-
trum vitriolatum  Schroederi, Sal Sapicn'tice, Sal
Tar'tari  Sulphura'tum, Specif'icum  Partial'si,
Spi'ritus vitrioli  coagula'tua  Mynaichti, Proto-
sulph'ate of Potas'sium, Al'kali vegeta'bile  vitri-
olatum, Sal de  duobus, Area'num  duplica'titm,
Nitrum vitriola'tum, Tar'tarum vitriolatum, Pa-
nace'a Duels Holsa'tice, Panaee'a dnplica'ta, Sal
Polychres'tua, Sulphate of Potaaa,  (F.) Sulfate de
potaaae.  (The salt,  that remains after the distil-
lation  of nitric acid, dissolved; the excess of acid
saturated with subcarbonate of potass and crys-
tallized.)  Purgative and diuretic.  Dose, 3SS t"
3J as a laxative.   In a large  dose it has proved
an irritant poison.
  Potassae Sulphas cum Sul'phure; Sal Poly-
chrea'tua Glaae'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola'ta Sulphu'rea,
(Formed  by deflagrating nitrate  of potass with
sublimed sulphur.)   Same  virtues  as the  last.
Dose,  gr. xv to xxx.
  Potassae Sulphure'tum, Potaa'eii Sulphure'-
tum, P. teraulphure'tum. Kali aulphuretum, Hepar
Sulph'uria aali'num, H. aulphu'ria vulgu're, Sul-
phure'tum lixiv'ia;, S.  ka'licum, Hepar Sulphuris,
Liver  of Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potaaa, (F.) Sul-
fure  de potaaae,  Sulfure  de  potaaaium  aulfate,
Foie de Soufre.  (Sulphur, ^j, Potaeace curb. t^ij.
Rub them together, and place the  mixture  in  a
covered crucible upon the fire until they unite.)
It has been employed in affections of the chest,
as an  expectorant, in the dose of from £ss to ^j,
largely diluted; but it is chiefly  used as a bath
or wash in  cases  of itch, tinea capitis, and other
cutaneous affections.
  Potasste Superoxalas, Potassas oxalas.
  Potasses  Supersul'phas,  P.  Biaulphaa,  Sal
enix'um,  Superaulphate of  Potaaa,  Sal febrif'u-
gita of Lem'ery, Acid  Sulphate of Potaaa, Bisul-
phate of Potass,  Super-protosulphate of Potas'-
sium,  (F.) Bisulfate,  de Potasse.   (The salt re-
maining  after the distillation of  nitric acid, dis-
solved, strained, and crystallized.)  It is refrige-
rant and purgative.  Dose, >Jss to £ij.
   Potassae Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'taru»
crudus, Tar'tarum,  Lapis vini, Magneti'nus, Pe-
dagra, Tartar, (F.) Tartre cru,  T. brut.   It  is
called, also,  Tartarum rubrum and Red Argol,
when  obtained from red wines;  Tartarum  album
or  White Argol, when from white wines.  Tartar
is the saline  deposit  from  wines  as they become
aged;  which attaches itself to the sides of tho
casks  and  bottles in  which they  are kept.   It 
POTASSE                 737              POTENTILLA
 consists of a considerable quantity of acidulous
 tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica, alumen,
 oxyd of iron,  manganese,  and a  red colouring
 matter, if the wine be red.   It is chiefly used for
 the preparation of cream of tartar.
    I'otass.i:  Supertar'tras, Crystal'/! Tar'tari,
 Tartras Acid'u/iis Potassce puma, Snpertar'trate
 of Protox'ide of  Potas'sium, Potas'sce Bitar'tras
 (Ph. U. S.),  P. tartras ac"ida, Bitart rate or Su-
 pertitrtrute of Potass, Hi/pcytartras Potassce, Tar-
 tras au/irr/totas'siriiH,  T. aubpotaa'aicus, Crystals
 of  Tartar,  Crcmor Tar'tari,  Cream of  tartar
 jwhen in powder,) Snpertar'trate of Potass, (F.)
 Tartrate acide tie  potasse, Crime de Tartre. (The
 tartar of wine purified.)   It requires  120 parts of
 water at  f>0° to dissolve it.  It is mildly  purga-
 tive, refrigerant and diuretic.  Dissolved in water,
 with a small quantity of white wine, some sugar
 and lemon peel, it forms an agreeable beverage
 in febrile diseases, under the  name  of imperial.
 Dose,  as a diuretic, £j to 3>j> as a purgative, ^ss

    Potass.i; Tartras, Kali tartariza'tum,  Al'cali
 fixum tartarisatiiin, Tar'tarum aolu'bile, Tartarus
 tartariza'tits,  Li.rir'ia  Tartarian'ta,  Sal Pan-
 chrea'tum, Tart rue Kalinua,  T. lixiv'ice, Sal vege-
 tab'i/ia, Alkali  regetab'ile  tartarizatum, Tartrate
 of Potaaa, Soluble Tartar,  (F-) Tartrate de Po-
 taaae.   (PuttisscT  carbon. 3xvj; Potaeace  Bt'tar-
 trnt. in pulv. subtiliss. tliiij,  vel q. s., aquee bulli-
 entia, cong.  Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in
 the  water, add the bitartrate  to saturation, and
 boil;  filter,  evaporate till a  pellicle forms, and
 set aside to  crystallize.  Pour off  the liquid;
 dry the crystals on bibulous paper, and keep in
 closely-stopped bottles.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  A saline
 cathartic  in the dose of ,^ij  to ^j.
    Potassae Tartras Acida, P. supertartras—p.
 Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras-^p. Tar-
 tras stibialis seu stibiosus,' Antimonium tartariza-
 tum.
    POTASSE, ACETATE  DE,  Potassas acetas
 — p. Biaulphate de,  Potassas  supersulphas—p.
 Cauatiqne, Potassa fusa—p. d la Chaux, Potassa
 cum calce—p.  Chlorate de, Potassas  murias hy-
 peroxygenatus — p. Hydriodate de, Potassas hy-
 driodas—p. Liquide,  Liquor potassas—p. A'itratc
 de, Potassas nitras — p.  Preparee  avec la  chaux,
 Potassa cum calce—p. et de Sonde, tartrate de,
 Soda,  tartrate of—p. Sulfate de, Potassas sulphas,
 p. Sulfure de, Potassas sulphuretum—p. Tartrate
 de, Potassa1  tartras—p. Tartrate, acide de, Po-
 tassas  supertartras.
    FOTAS'SIIBRO'MIDUM./'ofcjs'sa/tycTroW-
 mas, (F.) liromure de Potassium, Bromide of potas-
 sium.  (Bromin, ^ij;  Ferri fili, 3J ;  Potass, car-
 bon. §ij and  £j, vel q. s.; Aq. destillat., Oiv. Add
 the iron filings and bromine to a pint and a half
 of the water; stirring for half an hour.  Apply a
 gentle  heat,  and wnen the  liquor  assumes  a
 greenish  colour, add gradually the carbonate of
 potassa, dissolved in  Oiss of the water, until it
 ceases to  cause a  precipitate.  Continue the heat
 for half an  hour, and filter.  Wash  the precipi-
 tate with  the remaining water, boiling hot, and
 filter.   Mix the liquors and crystallize by  evapo-
 ration.  Ph. U.  S.)  Virtues: — those of iodide
 of iron.
•   Potassii Cyanidum. P. Cyanuretum.
    Potas'sii  Cyanurk'tum, /'. Cyan'idum, Cya-
 nuret  of  Potassium,  Hydrocy'anate  of Potassa,
 (Potassii  Ferrocyanur.^ in  pulv. 3viij ; Potass.
 Carbonat., ex  siccat., 3 i i j -  Mix intimately and
 throw into a  deep iron  crucible, heated to red-
 ness;  keep up the heat  till  effervescence  ceases,
 and the  fused  mass concretes, of a  pure white
 colour, upon  a warm glass rod dipped into  it;
 then pour out the liquid carefully into a shallow
dish, to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes
contaminated with the precipitated iron.   Break
up  the  mass whilst warm, and  preserve in well-
stopped bottles.  Ph. U. S.)  Used in  the same
cases  as the  hydrocyanic acid.   Dose,  a quarter
of a grain.
  Potassii Deuto-carbonas, Potassas  carbonas.
  Potassii  Ferrocyanure'tum, P. Ferrocyan'-
idum, Ferrocy'anide or Ferrocyan'uret  of  Potas-
sium,  Fcrrocij'anatc of Potassa, Ferropritssiate of
Potassa, Prussiate of Potassa, (F.) Protocyanure
jaune de fer et  de potaaaium, Cyanure de fer et-de
potassium.  The yellow double cyanuret  of po-
tassium and iron, the salt from which the cyanu-
ret  of potassium is obtained by calcination. It is
not much  used  in medicine.  It has been advised
as an astringent in  the  colliquative sweats of
phthisis, in  leucorrhoea,  <tc.;  but it  does not
seem to be possessed of much activity.  Dose, 10
or 15 grains every four or five hours.
  Potassii Hydrahgyro-iodidum, Potassce lodo-
hydrar'gyras, Hydrargyrum  biiodatum  cum kalio
iodato,  Kalitim iodatum  hydrargyratiim, lodhy-
drar'gyrate  of  Potassium, Hydrargyro-iodide of
Potassium.  This salt is made by the combination
of iodide of potassium with red iodide of mercury.
Its  properties are similar to those of the iodides
of mercury, but in a less degree.
  Potassii Iodidum,  Potassa.' hydriodas—p. Io-
duretum, Potassie hydriodas — p.  Oxygeno-chlo-
ruretum, Potassas murias hyperoxygenatus — p.
Protoxidi  hydriodas, Potassas hydriodas—p. Sul-
phuretum, Potassas sulphuretum — p. Tersulphu-
retum, Potassas sulphuretum.
  POTASSIUM.  Same etymon as potash.  The
metallic base of potassa.
  POTASSIUM, BROMURE DE, see Bromine
—p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum—p. Ferro-
cyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferro-
cyanuret of, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum—p. Iodide
of, Potassas hydriodas — p. Iodohydrargyrate of,
Potassii hydrargyro:iodidum—p.  lodure de, Po-
tassas hydriodas — p. Oxide of, Potass—p. Proto-
arsenite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium—p.
Protochlorate of, Potassas murias hyperoxygena-
tus— p. Protonitrate of, Potassas nitras — p. Pro-
toxide of,  Potass—p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Po-
tassas nitras — p. Protoxide  of,  superoxalate  of,
Potass, oxalate of—p. Protoxide of, supertartrate
of,  Potassas  supertartras — p. Protosulphate  of,
Potassas sulphas—p. Sulfure de, sulfate, Potassas
sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret of,  Potassas sulphu-
retum—p. Superprotosulphate of, Potassas  super-
sulphas.
  POTATO,  Solanum tuberosum —p. Fly, Lytta
vittata — p. Hog, Convolvulus  panduratus — p.
Spanish, Convolvulus batatas—p. Sweet, Convol-
vulus batatas — p. Vine, wild, Convolvulus pan-
duratus—p. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
  POTBELLY, Physconia.
  POTELEE, Hyoscyamus.
  POTENTIA, Force.
  Poten'tia seu Potes'tas Coeun'di, Capability
of copulation.
  Potentia Generan'di.  The power of procre-
ation.
  Potentia Irritans, Stimulus.
  POTEN'TIAL, Potentia'lis; frompotene, 'able.'
An  epithet for remedies which, although energe-
tic,  do not act till some time after their applica-
tion.   The  caustic   alkalies, for  instance, are
called Potential cauteriea  in  contradistinction to
the hot iron, which is termed actual.
  POTENTILLA, P. reptans.
  Poti-ntil'la Anseri'na, P. argenti'na seu im-
po'Hta  seu  neglec'ta, Argenti'na vulga'ria, Era-
ga'ria anseri'na, Ar'gentine, Chenoboe'eon, Ar-
genta'ria,  Aneeri'na,  Silver  Weed, Wild Tansy, 
POTERIUM
708
POURPIER
 (F.) Argentine, Potentate.  The leaves are mildly
 astringent and tonic.
   Potentilla Argentina, P. anserina — p. Im-
 polita, P. anserina—p. Neglecta, P. anserina.
   Potentilla Norvi:g"ica, Norway Cinque-foil,
 an indigenous plant, is  possessed of similar pro-
 perties.
   Potentilla Palustris, Comarum palustre.
   Potentil'la Reptans, Pentaphyl'lum, Fraga'-
 ria pentaphyl'lum,  Potentil'la,  Quinquefo'lium,
 Q. majus, Common cinquefoil, (F.) Quintefeuille.
 The roots are possessed of astringent properties.
   Potentilla Tormentilla, Tormentilla.
   POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA,  Pimpinella
 saxifraga.
   POTESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi—p.
 Generandi, Potentia generandi.
   POTEX. Anus.
   POTHOS FffiTIDA, Dracontium fostidum—p.
 Putni-ii,  Dracontium fostidum.
   POTIMOS, Potable.
   POTIO,  Drink, Haustus, Potion —p. Calcis
 carbonatis,  Mistura cretas — p. Effervescens anti-
 emotica, Potion of Riverius — p. Leniens, Looch
 ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo — p. Picea, see
 Pinus sylvestris.
   POTION (F.), Potio; from  poto,  'I drink.'
 A liquid medicine, from 4 to 8 ounces or more in
 quantity, the composition of which varies, and
 which is administered in divided doses.   It cor-
 responds to the English mixture.
   POTION PECTORALE, Looch ex ovo.
   Potion of Rive'rius.  A mixture of Lemon
 Juice and  Subcarbonate  of Potaaa, — generally
 given in a state of effervescence.   It is the Potio
 efferrea'ccns  anti-emet'ica dicta  Rive'rii, of the
 Parisian codex.   The name in  the codex  indi-
 cates its use.
   POTIONIS DESIDERIUM,  Thirst.
   POT IP ON, Cucurbita pepo.
   POTIUNCULA, Haustus.
   POTOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
   POTOS, Potable.
   POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
   POTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral disease.
   POTUS, Drink—p. Hippocraticus, Claret.
   POU, Pediculus.
   POUCE, Pollex, see Digitus.
   POUCHED, Encysted.
   POUURE, Powder, Pulvis—p. Abeorbante et
 anti-acide, p. Pulvis  de magnesist compositus—p.
 d'Alun composee, Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminas  com-
 positus— p.  Antiarthritiqne amire, Pulvis de
 amaris compositus—p. Antiasthmatique, Pulvis
 de sulphure et scilla—p. Antimoniale composee ou
 de  James, Antimonial powder—p.  Aromatique,
 Pulvis cinnamomi compositus—p. d'Asarum  com-
 posee elite  sternutatolrc,  Pulvis asari compositus
 —p. Balsamique,  Pulvis  myrrhas compositus—p.
 de Birckmann, Pulvis de aro compositus—-p. de
 Blanchement,  Calcis  chloridum—p. de CanneUe
 composee, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus.—p. Ca-
 thartique, Pulvis scammoneas compositus — p. de
 Chyprc, see Cladonia rangiferrina—p. du Comte
 de  Palme,  Magnesias carbonas—p. Cornachine,
 Pulvis cornachini—p. de Come brutee avec opium,
 Pulvis cornu usti cum opio —p.  de Craie compo-
see  avec opium, see Pulvis cretas  compositus cum
opio — p. de Dower, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compo-
situs—p.  de Dupuytren,  Powder  of Dupuytren—
—p. Gttzifere laxative, Powders,  Seidlitz—p. Ga-
zifere  simple,  Powders,  soda—p. de  Gomme
adragant composee, Pulvis tragacanthae  compo-
situs— p. de Gomme gutte, Pulvis e gummi gutta
—p. Hytlragogue, Pulvis e gummi gutta—p. Inci-
sive, Pulvis de sulphure  et scilla—p. d'Ipecacu-
anha et opium, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus—
j.; de Jalap  composee, Pulvis jalapae compositus
 —p. de Kino eomposSe, Pulvis kino compositus—
 p.  de  Perard, Pulvis  de  senna,,  scammonio et
 lignis—p. de Quercetanus,  Pulvis e gummi gutta
 —p. de Saint Ange, Pulvis asari compositus—p.
 de Savon vegetate, Pulvis guininosus alkalinus—p.
 de Scammonee composee, Pulvis scammoneas com-
 positus—p. de Sedlitz, Powders, Seidlitz—p. de
 Sene. composee, Pulvis  sennas comp.—p. tic Sen-
 tinelli. Magnesias carbonas—p. Styptique, Pulvis
 sulphatis aluminas compositus.
   POUDRE SUBTIL DE DELCROIN.  A
 fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous
 hair in less than  ten minutes."  It is said  to con-
 sist of Quicklime and  Sulphuret of Arsenic, with
 some vegetable powder.— Paris.
   POUDRE TEMPER ANTE  DE  STAHL,
 Pulvis de  Sulphate potassas  compositus—p. de
 Tennant, Calcis chloridum—p. de Valcntini, Mag-
 nesias  carbonas—p. Vermifuge mercurie/le, Pulvis
 e  sulphureto hydrargyro nigro et scammonio—p.
 Vermifuge sans mercure, Pulvis ex helminthocorto
 compositus.
   POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Theso
 alkaline waters are in  the department of Nievre,
 France.  They contain carbonic aeid, carbonatea
 of soda, lime, and magnesia;  chloride, of sodium,
 alumina, and silica, with protoxide of  iron.
   POU LAIN, Bubo.
   POULET, VIN DE (F.), Pullet Wine.  A
 disgusting preparation, made by infusing the ex-
 crement of the pullet in white wine.  According
 to Nysten, it is employed by the vulgar in Francs
 in a number  of diseases, and  especially in falls,
 contusions, &c.
   POULIOT, Mentha pulegium.
   POULS, Pulse—p.  Abdominal, Pulsus inferior
 —p. des Adultes,  Pulse, natural—p. Agite, Pulsus
 fortis—p.  Bas,  Pulse, low—p. Cajn'tal, Pulse,
 nasal—p. Combine, Pulse, complex—p.Compliqni,
 Pulse, complex—p. Compose, Pulse, complex—p.
 Concentre. Pulse, contracted—p. Difaillant, Pul-
 sus deficiens—p. Deprime, Pulse, depressed—p.
 de la Diarrhee, Pulse, intestinal—p. Dur, Pulse,
 hard—p. Eleve,  Pulse, ardent — p. Embarrassc,
 Pulsus intricatus—p. de VEstomac, Pulse, sto-
 machal— p.  Etroit, Pulsus strietus—p. de VEx-
 pectoration, Pulse, pectoral—p. Faible,  Pulse,
 feeble—p. du Foie, Pulse, hepatic—p. Grand,
 Pulse,  large—p.  Insensible, Pulsus deficiens—p.
 Intereadent, Pulse, intermittent—p. des Inteatina,
 Pulse,  intestinal—p. Languissant,  Pulse, languid
 —p. Lent, Pulse, slow—p. de la Matrice, Pulsus
 uterinus—p. 3IodSre, Pulse,  natural—p.  Mou,
 Pulse, soft—p. de Nez, Pulse, nasal—p. Ondoy-
 ant, Pulse, undulating—p. Ondulant, Pulse, un-
 dulating— p. Palpitant,  Pulse,  tremulous—p.
 Parfait, Pulse, natural—p. Petit, Pulse, small—
 p. Plein, Pulse, full—p. Precipite, Pulse, frequent
 —p. Profond, Pulse,  deep—p. Prompt,  Pulse,
 sharp—p. Rare, Pulse, slow—p. Rebondisaant,
 Pulsus dicrotus — p. Redouble, Pulsus dicrotus —
p.  dea Regies, Pulsus uterinus—p. Roide, Pulse,
 tense —p. Serratile, Pulsus serrinus —p. Serri,
 Pulse,  contracted—p. de la Sueur, Pulsus sudo-
 ralis—p. Tardif, Pulse, slow—p. Tendu, Pulse,
 tense — p.  Tremblant,  Pulse,  tremulous — p. de
 V Urine, Pulsus urinalis—p. Vehement, Pulsus for-
 tis—p.  Ventral, Pulsus inferior—p. Vide, Pulsus
 vacuus—p. Vif, Pulse, sharp—p. Vite, Pulse, sharp.
  POULTICE, see Cataplasm.
  POUNCE, Sandarac.
  POUND, Libra, Litra, Xirpa, Lat. Pondo, Ba-
ge'dia  (of  twelve oz.),  Barda'dia,  (F.)  Livre,
from pondere, ' to weigh.'  A  weight, consisting
of  twelve ounces Troy, — sixteen ounces avoirdu-
poise.  See Weights and Measures.
  POURPIER  CULTIVE, Portulaca. 
POURPRE
709
PR.ECORDIA
  POURPRE BLANC, Miliary fever.
  POURRITURE, Putrefaction—^. d'HCpital,
Hospital gangrene.
  POUS, Pis.
  POUSSE, Pursiness.
  POUSSEE, Lichen.
  POUSSIE11E TUIIERCULEUSECE.), 'Tu-
berculous Dust.'   A name given by MM. Rilliet
and Barthez to fine white or yellow minute points
of tuberculous matter occurring in myriads, so as
to be likened to  dust.
  POWDER, Pulvis.
  Powder of J^tiiio'pia, Guy's.  A once cele-
brated anthelmintic,  which  consisted of  pure
rasped tin, mercury,  and sulphur,  triturated to-
gether.
  Powder of Aloes,  Compound, Pulvis  aloes
compositus, Pulvis sulphatis  aluminas compositus
— p. of Aloes with canella, Pulvis aloes cum ca-
nella— p.  Antimonial,  Chenevix's, Antimonial
powder — p.  Aromatic, Pulvis aromaticus.
  Powder, Arsenical, of Come, COme'e  powder
— a caustic — is  formed of arsenious acid, gr. x;
red sulphuret of mercury, gr. xl; powdered ani-
mal charcoal, gr. x. It is made into a paste with
mucilage.
  Powder of Arum, compound, Pulvis  de aro
compositus—p. of Asarabacea, compound, Pulvis
asari  compositus — p. of Bladder-wrack,  yellow,
Pulvis quercils  marinas — p.  Bleaching,  Calcis
chloridum—p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta—
p. Cardinal del Lugo's,  Cinchona —p. of  Chalk,
compound, Pulvis cretas compositus—p. of Chalk
with opium, compound,  Pulvis cretin  compositus
cum opio — p. of Cinnamon, compound,  Pulvis
cinnamomi compositus — p. Coine's, Powder arse-
nical  of Come — p. of  Contrayerva,  compound,
Pulvis contrayervas compositus — p. Countess's,
Cinchona—p. Countess of Kent's, Cantianus pul-
vis— p. Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus — p. Do-
ver's, Pulvis  ipecacuanhas compositus.
  Powder of Dupuytren (Caustic;) (F.) Po?j-
dre de Dupuytren, formed of 1  part of arsenious-
acid and 200 parts of mild chloride of mercury.
A mild and  manageable caustic for  causing an
eschar on  exposed surfaces, and in lupus, &c.
  Powder, Earl of  Warwick's, Pulvis corna-
chini—p. of  Ethiopia, Powder of ^Ethiopia.
  Powder of Faynard. A celebrated  powder
for  arresting hemorrhage, said to be  nothing
more  than  the charcoal of beech wood  finely pul-
verized.
  Powder, Fever, Schwanberg's, Antimonial
powder.
  Powder-Folder.  In Pharmacy, an apparatus
by which  papers containing powders  are folded
of the desired length.
  Powder, Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingiber
—p. Gout, Duke  of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port-
landias—p. of Burnt hartshorn  with opium, Pul-
vis cornu cervi cum opio — p. Ipecacuanha com-
pound,  Pulvis ipecacuanhas  compositus — p. of
Jalap, compound, Pulvis jalapas compositus — p.
James's, factitious, Antimonial powder—p. Je-
suit's, Cinchona—p. of  Kino, compound, Pulvis
kino compositus—p. of Lemonade, see Lemonade
—p. of Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de  magne-
sia  compositus—p. of the Marquis,  Marchionis
pulvis—p.  Mead's, against the bite  of a Mad dog,
Pulvis antilvssus — p. Myrrh, compound, Pulvis
myrrha- compositus — p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis
Portliuidias —p. of the  three Sanders, see Dia-
trium—p.  Scammony and aloes, Pulvis seam ino-
nii cum aloe — p. Scammony  compound, Pulvis
scaminonias compositus—p. of Senna, compound,
Pulvis senna? compositus—p. Snee/.ing, see Vera-
trum album—p.  Spruce beer, see  Spruce  beer—
p. Tennant's, Calcis chloridum—p. Tooth, Donti-
f'ricium—p. Tragacanth, compound, Pulvis traga-
cantha; compositus.
  Powder, Vien'na, is composed of equal parts
of quicklime and potassa cum  calce.  In using
it, itis made into  a paste— Ti'ewiicr paste,  (F.J
Canatique de Viennc—with spirits of wine, and is
applied on the diseased part, previously  circum-
scribed by a hole cut in a sticking plaster.
  To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according
to the depth of the  eschar required.  Used' in
cases of lupous ulceration.
  By fusing the  potass and lime, and raising the
heat so as to cause ebullition, the caustic may be
run into cylinders:—when itis  called  Caustique-
Filhos, Caus'ticum Vi'ennen'se fusitm  Filhos, from
the name of the  author of the process.
  Powders, Castillon, so called from the name
of the physician  who first proposed them.  They
are formed of sago, in powder; salep, in powder;
tragacanth,  in powder,  each,  four  parts ; pre-
pared  oyster-shells, one part,  cochineal, half  a
part, divided into powders of one drachm each ;
one of which is given three or four times a clay as
a demulcent in diarrhoea and dysenterj-.
  POWDERS, SODA, Pul'reres effervescen'tts, (F.)
Poudres gaziferes simjilca.   (Sodte cub. ^ss, in
each blue  paper  ; tartaric acid, gr. xxv  in each
white paper; for half a pint of water.)  A pleasant,
cooling drink; taken during the effervescence.
  Seidlitz Powders, (F.) Poudres gaziferea laxa-
tives ou Poudres  de Seidlitz, contain one or two
drachms  of tartrate of potassa  and  soda, added
to the alkali in the blue paper.
  POWER, Faculty—p. Inherent, Irritability—
p. Tonic, Irritability.
  POX, Syphilis, Variola—p. Chicken, Varicella
—p. Doctor, Syphilidiater — p.  French,  Syphilis
—p. Grease, see  Grease—p.  Noddle, Syphiloma-
nia—p. Small, Variola—p. Swine, see Varicella—
p. Water, see Varicella.
  POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS  OF. Poz-
zuoli is in the neighbourhood  of Naples.  The
springs are, 1. Acqua delta pietra, Tcwy. 91° Fah.
2. Acqua di Cavalcanti,  Temp.  100°.  A. di sub-
veni homini, Temp. 102°; A. del cantarello, Temp.
86 to 89° ;  and that of the Temple of  Serapis in
Pozzuoli, Temp.  102 to 107°.  The last contains
carbonic acid,  carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu-
mina, and  iron,  carbonate  of soda, chloride of
sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica.
  PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. Therapeutics.
  PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon apo-
thecary—p. Irregular, see Irregular—p. Regular,
see Regular—p.  Routine, Routinist.
  PR^BIUM, Dose.
  PR.ECAUTIO.  Prophylaxis.
  PR.ECIPITANS MAGNUM. Sepia.
  PR.ECIPITATUM ALBUM, Hydrargyrum
prascipitatuin.
  PR^ECIPITATUS  RUBER, Hydrargyri ni-
trieo-oxydum.
  PR.ECISIO PRJEPUTII, Circumcision.
 , PR.ECOCIA,  Prunus Armeniaca.
  PRECOCITY, Prasotia.
  PR.ECOGNITIO, Prognosis.
  PR.ECORD'IA, from prae,  'before,' and cor,
' the heart.'  The  diaphragm ;  also,  the  thoracic
viscera, and the  epigastrium.
  Pr.ecor'dial  or Precordial Region, Re'gio
prcecordittca seu pracorilia'lis, is the epigastric
region.  Also, and more  properly, the region of
the heart.  A  line drawn from  the inferior mar-
gins of  the third ribs across the sternum, passes
over the valves  of the  pulmonary artery a little
to the left of the mesial  line,  and  those of  the
aorta,  are behind  them, but about half  an inch
lower down.  A  vertical line, coinciding with the 
PR.ECORDIUM              710               PREGNANCY
left margin of the  sternum, has about one-third
of the heart, comprising the upper portion of the
right  ventricle, on the right, — and  two-thirds,
comprising the lower portion of the right ventri-
cle and  the whole of the left, on the left.  This
is the pra^eordial region.                   .
  PR^CORDIUM, Fossette du cceur—p. Pedis,
Metatarsus.
  PRiECOX  MATURITAS,  Prasotia.
  PR.ECUSTODIA, Prophylaxis.
  PR.EDICTIO, Prognosis.
  PR.EDISPOSITIO, Predisposition.
  PR.EDIVINATIO, Mantia.
  PRvEDOMTN'IUM; from prce, 'before,' and
dominus, 'a lord.'  Predominance of one thing
over another.
  PRyEDOMiN'iiM  Aquje.  A  predominance  of
watery fluid,— Tenti'itaa aquo'sa.
  Pr.edominium San'guinis Arterio'si.  A pre-
dominance of arterial blood, Arterios'itas  san'-
guinis.
  Ph.edomin'ium San'guinis Veno'si, Venos'itas
San'guinis.  Predominance of venous blood.
  PRiEFOCATIO, Orthopnosa, Suffocation — p.
Faucium, Angone—p. Matricis, Angone—p. Ute-
rina, Angone.
  PR.EFOCATION, Strangulatio uterina.
  PR.EGNANS, Pregnant.
  PR.EGNAS. Pregnant.
  PR.ECNATIO,  Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  PR.EGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  PR/EGNAX, Pregnant.
  PR.ECUSTATIO, Avant-gout.
  PR.EIIENSIO, Prehensio.
  PR/ELIN'GUA.   The anterior part or tip of
the tongue.
  PR^LIUM, Coition, Press, Tourniquet —p.
Arteriale, Tourniquet.
  PR.E LUMBAR IS, Prelumbar.
  PR.ENOTIO, Prognosis.
  PR/ENUNTIATIO, Prognosis.
  PR.EPARATIO, Preparation—p. Chyli,  Chy-
lification.
  PR.EPARATUM, Preparation.
  PR.EPOTEN'TIA, from prce,' before,' and po-
tens, ' powerful.'  Great power or strength.
  Pr.epotkn'tia Viri'lis.  Great, or too great
procreative power on the part of the male.
  PRJEPOTIO, Propotismos.
  PR.EPUTIALIS,  Preputial.
  PRiEPUTIUM, Prepuce.
  PRJESAGIUM, Mantia.
  PR^HSCIENTIA,  Prognosis.
  PR.ESCITIO, Prognosis.
  PR^ISCRIPTIO, Prescription.
  P1UEKEPIOLUM,  Alveolus.
  PR.ESEPIUM,  Alveolus.
  PRiESERVATIO,  Prophylaxis.
  PRJ5SERVATIVUM, Amuletum.
   PRiESERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO.   A pre-
servative indication ; one  proper  for preventing
the development of disease.
  PR .ESERVATORIUS, Prophylactic.
   PRiESPINALIS, Prespinal.
   PRiETIBIALIS. Pretibial.
  PRAIRIE  BUSH, STINKING, Petela trifo-
liatii—p. Pines, Liatris.
   PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
   PRASINUS, Porraceous.
   PRASI'TES,  from prasium,  'horehound.'
Wine in  which the  leaves  of horehound  have
been infused.
   PRASIUM, Marrubium.
   PRASUM, Allium Prasum.
   PRAXIS, Action.
   Praxis Med'ica.  The practical  exercise of
the healing art.
   PRECIPITATE,  RED, Hydrargyri  nitrico-
 oxydum — p.  White,  Hydrargyrum  pra-cipita-
 tuin.
   PRECIPITA'TION, Prcecipita'tio,  (F.) Pri-
 cipite, from prcecijiitarc, (j>rer, 'before,' and  ca-
 put, 'the head,') 'to throw headlong.'  The  ac-
 tion by which a body abandons a liquid in which
 it is dissolved, and becomes deposited at the bot-
 tom of the vessel.  The matter, so thrown  down
 or precipitated, is called a precipitate.
   PRECIPITATION DE LA MATRICE.Vro-
 cidentia uteri.
   PREC1PITE BLANC, Hydrargyrum prasci-
 pitatura.
   PRECORDIAL, Precordial.
   PRECUR'SORY,  Prcecurso'rius;  from prce,
 'before,' and curio, curaum, 'I run.'  That which
 precedes.
   Precur'sory or Premon'itory Signs or Symp-
 toms,  (F.) Signea preciiraeura, S. arttnt coureura,
 are those which indicate an approaching disease.
   PREDISPONENT  CAUSES, see Causes, pre-
 disponent.
   PREDISPOSIT"ION, Prcedtsposifio, Semin'-
 in morbo'rum  (Gaubius); from prce, 'before,'and
 disponere, 'to dispose.' (F.) Imminence morbide.
 That constitution or condition of the body, which
 disposes it to the action of disease under the  ap-
 plication of an exciting cause.   Thus, in heredi-
 tary diseases, the conformation is such, that  but
 a slight exciting  cause may be required to pro-
 duce them.  When the disease arises solely from
 the predisposition, or under the additipnal influ-
 ence of an  extremely slight exciting cause, it is,
 by some, termed a disposition.
   PREDOR'SAL, Prcedorsa'lis,  from prce, 'be-
 fore,' and dorsum, 'the back.'
   Pr;edorsal Region of the vertebral column is
 the anterior surface  of the dorsal region.
   PRE-DORSO-ATLOIDIEN, Longus colli.
   PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL, Longus colli.
   PREG'NANCY,  Pragna'tio,  Prcegna'tua,  Im-
 prcegna'tio, Ingravida'tio,  Jngravida'tion,  from
^yyra;,' before,' and genere, ' to beget.' Hysterocye'-
 aia, Gravid'itaa, G. uteri'na, En'cymon,Cye'sis, En-
 cye'aia, En'cyaia, Encymo'aia, Cyopho'ria, Gesta'-
 tion, Fceta'tion, Utero-geata'Hon; (F.) Groaseaae.
 The state of a female who has within her a fecun-
 dated germ, which gradually becomes developed in
 or out of the uterus.  When placed in the cavity of
 the uterus,—by virtue of the vital principle which
 animates it, it becomes attached to the inner sur-
 face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly
 the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop-
 ment,  during  the space of ten lunar  months or
 two hundred and eighty days — the ordinary term
 or duration of geatation, although the period may
 be protracted to 300 days  or  upwards, — at  the
 expiration  of which parturition occurs.  Preg-
 nancy is commonly  limited to a single foetus : at
 times, the uterus contains two or three.—See Re-
 production.  Occasionally, one or two moles—the
 degenerated products of conception—alone occu-
 py the uterus :—at other times, a foetus likewise
 exists.  In certain cases, and owing to accidental
 circumstances, the fecundated  ovum  remains in
 the  ovarium, or is arrested in the Fallopian tube.
 Pregnancy has, accordingly, been  distinguished
 into, 1. Natural  or  uterine, when the fcetus is
 carried in the cavity of the womb: and, 2. Pre-
 ternatural or extra-uterine, Exfceta'tion, Concep'-
 tio vitio'ea, Paracye'aie seu Eceye'ais, Ecthystero-
 cye'sis,  Echthysterocye'sis,  Dysto'cia,  Dyscye'sis
 seu Gravid'itaa extra-uteri'na, (F.) G'rossesse-con-
 tre-nature,—when it occurs in the ovarium, tube,
 or cavity of the abdomen.
   During pregnancy, the female  experiences re-
 markable changes in the condition of her organs 
PREGNANCY
711
PRENANTHES
 and  functions.   The  genital apparatus  is, of
 course, most affected.   The  uterus  changes its
 shape,  situation,  size,  and texture.  The usual
 signs of pregnancy are,—suppression of the cata-
 menia ;  the abdomen  gradually enlarging  and
 forming a hard tumour; the umbilicus prominent
 in the  latter months;  the  breasts increasing in
 size ; the areola round the nipple becoming darker
 and the follicles more developed ; kyestein in the
 urine from an early period; a bluish tint of the
 vagina after the  fourth week;  about the  fifth
 month, the evidence by ballottement, and the  pla-
 cental aouf/ie and  sound of  the foetal heart heard
 on auscultation;  the motion of the fcetus  per-
 ceptible, and the  neck  of the uterus  diminishing
 in length at the advanced periods.
   Pregnancy, Abdom'inal, Eccye'aia abdomina'-
 lia, Cmliocye'aia,  Gravid'itaa abdomina'lia,  (F.)
 Grossessc tibiliiminale.  That in which the ovum
 has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen.
   Pregnancy, Afck'tal,  Pregnancy without  a
 fuetua,  (F.)  Grossesse   ofostale,  G.  eana fcetua.
 Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate
 conception,  or any  other  affection, which  has
 given place to unusual development of the uterus.
 Madame  Borvin includes in this  class, aarco-hya-
 tenc, hydro-hysteric, gazo-hysteric,  and hemato-
 liysti-ric pregnancies.
   Pregnancy, Bigem'inal, (F.) Groeaeeae bigi-
 viinale, Double pregnancy.  Pregnancy in which
 there arc twins in utero.—Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Complex,  (F.)  Groaecaee  com-
 plexe, G. inter-extra uterine, is when the womb,
 besides a  fcetus, contains much water, hydatids,
 a mole, Ac.
   Pregnancy,  Compound, Polybrcph'ia,  Poly-
 cye'sia. Po/ycyc'sis,  (F.) Groaecaee  compoaee, is
 when there are two or three foetuses in the cavity
 of the uterus.
   Pregnancy, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal—
 p. Duration of, see Pregnancy—p. Extra-uterine,
 see Pregnancy.
   Preg'nancy, False, Gravid'itaa  apuria,  (F.)
 Grossesse  fausse.  ou  apparente,  Pseudoci/e'sis.
 Authors have  called thus different affections of
 a more  or  less  serious character,  which resemble
 pregnancy ;  so as, at times, to impose upon the
 best-informed practitioners.  These diseases may
 be seated  in  the  uterus or its  dependencies, in
 the intestines or some other part of the abdomen.
 They may be;—a mole, hydatids, water, blood,
 or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus;
 — chronic enlargement of the uterus;  develop-
 ment of tumours, &c, in its substance;—scirrhus;
 dropsy of the ovinia; ascites; tympanites, <te.
   Pregnancy,  Fcetal, (F.) Grossesse fcetale.
 Pregnancy in  which there  is a  fcetus, or more
 than  one,  in the  uterus or out of it.  Madame
 Boivin puts in  this class—the solitary, bigeminal,
 trigeminal,  and sarco-fcetal pregnancies, which
 form  the first order; and the tubal,  ovarial,  and
 abdominal, which  constitute the second.
   Pregnancy,  Gazo-hyster'ic,  (F.)  Grossesse
 Gazo-hysterique.  Afoetal pregnancy, caused by
 development of air  or  gas  in the cavity of the
 womb.—Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, H.k.mato-hysteric, (F.) Grosscase
 ht'mato-hysteriqiic.   Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused
 by ae<-iiiiiulatioii of blood in the uterus.—Madame
 Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Hydro-hysteric, (F.) Groaaesae
 hydro-hyatirique.  Al'cvtal pregnancy, occasioned
 by the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid
 in -the uterus.
   Piiegxancy.   Inti:ustit"ial,   Gravid'itaa in
 uteri siilistun'liti. Gravid'itas interstitia'lia.  The
development of the  embryo in the  proper sub-
stance of the uterus.  The case generally termi-
 nates fatally at an early period of gestation ;  the
 thin external paries of the uterus being ruptured,
 and the ovum passing into the abdominal cavity.
   Pregnancy, Morbid, Poracye'aia, Dystocia,
 Dyscye'sis.   The progress of pregnancy disturbed
 or endangered by the supervention  of general or
 local disorder.— Good.
   Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Groeaeeae ovarienne
 ou de t'ovaire,  Eccye'aia  orti'ria,  O'driocye'sia,
 Oocye'sis,  Gfarid'itas extra-uteri'na in ova'rio.
 Pregnancy in which the foetus is developed in the
 interior of the ovary.
   Pregnancy, Plea  of. A plea, which a woman,
 capitally convicted, may set up in arrest of exe-
 cution until she is delivered.  See  Jury of Ma-
 trons, and De ventre  inspieiendo.
   Pregnancy, Pretknd'ed.  The  criminal  act
 of a female, who, not  having been delivered, pre-
 sents an infant as having been born of her.  (F.)
 Supposition  de  jiart.  (This term, in French,
 likewise includes the  case of a female, who, hav-
 ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes for
 it a living child which is not  hers.)
   Pregnancy, Sarco-fcetal, (F.) Grossesse sar-
 co-fatalc.   Pregnancy in which there are one or
 more foetuses, and one or more moles.—Madame
 Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Sarco-Hysteric, (F.) Grossesse
 earco-hysterique.  Afoetal pregnancy formed by
 moles, hydatids, or a false conception.—Madame
 Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Sol'itARY,  (F.) Groaecaee eolitaire
 ou aimple.   Pregnancy in vt hich there is a single
 fcetus.—Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Trigeminal, (F.) Groseesse  tri-
 geminale ou triple.   Pregnancy in  which  there
 are three foetuses  in  the cavity of the uterus.—
 Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Tubal,.  (F.) Grossesse tubaire,
 Eccye'sis  tuba'I is.   Pregnancy where the foetus
 remains and is developed in the Fallopian tube.
   Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy.
   Pregnancy, Utero-abdom'inal, (F.) Grossesse
 utero-abdominale.  Pregnancy consisting of two
 foetuses ; one in  the uterus—the other in the ab-
 dominal cavity.—Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Utero-ova'rial, (F.) Grosaeaae
 utero-orarienne.   Pregnancy with  two foetuses,
 one in the womb, the  other in the ovary.
   Pregnancy, Utero-tubal, (F.) Grossesse ute-
 ro-tubaire.  Pregnancy in which  there is at  the
 same time a foetus in  the womb and another in
 the Fallopian tube.
  PREGNANT, Prcegnans,  Prcegnas, Prcegnax,
 Encar'poa,  Grav'ithi,  Plena mu'lier,  Incinc'ta,
 Gravid, Breeding, (F.) Enceinte.  One  in a state
 of pregnancy :—one with child.
  PREHENSIO. Catalepsy, Epilepsy.
  PREIIE.N 'SIGN, Prcehen'aio, from prehendere,
 'to lay hold of.'
  Prehension of Food  is the act of carrying it
 to the mouth, and introducing it into that cavity.
 It is, also, called Aaaump'tio, Proalep'aia, Pros'-
 phora.
 ' PRELE, Hippuris  vulgaris.
  PR E 1.0 MBAIRE, Prelum bar.
  PREI.OMHO-PUB1EN,  Psoas  parvus— p.
 Trochtintin,  Psoas magnus.
  PRELUM, Press —p.  Arteriale, Tourniquet.
  PRELUM'BAR,  Free!umbo'ris, (F.) Prflom-
baire, from prtr, 'before,' and lumbi, 'the loins.'
That which is placed before the loins.   The pre-
lumbar surface of the  spinal column is  the ante-
rior surface of the lumbar portion.
  PREMONITORY, see  Precursory.
  PRENAN'TIIES.  Gall of the  Earth, Dewin
Snakeroot, Lion's Foot.  There are many species 
PRENDRE
712
PRESCRIPTION
of this indigenous plant, whose root and milky
juice  are very bitter.   They are used in popular
practice in dysentery;  and in  the  form of cata-
plasm to bites of serpents.
  Prenantiies Serpentaria,  Nabalus albus.
  PRENDRE INSCRIPTION, fee Matriculate.
  PREPARATION,   Prcepara'tio,  from  prce,
'before,'  aud  parare,  paratum, 'to  get ready.'
The act of making ready any substance whatever
that has to be employed for any purpose.
  Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope-
ration ; — Prcepara'tum.
  Any part of the human body, preserved for the
uses of the anatomist,  is so called.
  PREP'UCE, Prcepu'ti'um, perhaps from irpos,
and iroodri,  ' the foreskin.'  Epago'gium, Poathe,
Fella, Poe'thium, Pu'tium, Foreskin.  The pro-
longation of the integuments of the penis, which
covers the glans.   The prepuce is composed of
two membranous layers:  one external or  cuta-
neous ; the other internal  or  mucous, separated
by areolar membrane.  The mucous membrane
lines the inner surface  of the cutaneous layer till
beyond the glans, when it is  reflected over the
latter; forming, behind the corona, a small eul-
de-eac above  the corpora cavernosa,  which is in-
terrupted by a triangular duplicature of the mu-
cous membrane, called the free num, fixed in the
furrow at the inferior part of the glans, and ter-
minating at a little  distance from  the orifice of
the urethra.  The clitoris  is covered  by a  semi-
lunar  fold formed  by a continuation of the skin
of the labia.   It is called Prcepu'tium elitor'idia.
  PREPU'TIAL,  Preputial lia ; same etymon.
Belonging or relating  to the  prepuce; — as the
' preputial secretion,'—or  that which takes place
from the lining of the prepuce covering the glans.
  PRESBYODOCHIUM,  Gerocomium.
  PRESBYON'OSI;   from irptafivs,  'old/ and
voaos,  ' disease.'  Diseases of old age.
  PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia.
  P R E S B Y S PIIA C E L U S, Gangrene  of old
people.
  PRESBYT'IA, Presbyo'pia, Amblyo'pia prox-
imo'rum,  Viaua  seni'lis,  Pres'byopy,  (F.)  Vue
langue ; from rrptofivs,  ' an old person.'  A very
high  degree is termed Hyperprcsbyt'ia.  A con-
dition of vision, common  in old persons, which
consists in the circumstance of near objects  being
confusedly seen, whilst those  at  a  greater dis-
tance are clearly distinguished.  It  is supposed
to depend generally on diminution of the convex-
ity of the cornea; whence  results an alteration in
the convergency of the rays, so that they form a
focus  behind the retina.  This defect is remedied
by the use of convex glasses, which augment the
convergence  of the luminous  rays.   It is, also,
called Long-sightedness,  Parop'sis   longin'qua,
Dyso'piu proximo'rum.
  PRESCRIPTION,  Prcescrlp'tio,  Anag'raphe,
from prce.' before,' and scribere, ' to write.'  For'-
mula  med'ica, Prcescrlp'tio med'ica, Recep'tum,
(F.) Formule, Ordonnance.  The formula which
the physician writes for the composition of medi-
cine adapted to any case of disease.  A prescrip-
tion should be as simple as possible, and  should
bear upon its face the evidence of the  objects  to
be fulfilled by it.  No article should  form part
of it, unless adapted for serving some useful pur-
pose.  A compound prescription has been divided
into four parts :—the basis or principal ingredient
of the prescription ;  the ad'jurnns, or that  which
is designed to promote the action of  the  former;
the cor'rigens, or that intended to correct its ope-
ration, or obviate any unpleasant symptom which
it may be apt to produce; and the  const it' nana,
excip'ient, or  substance which  gives to the other I
ingrcctients consistence  or  form.   All these nre
seen in the following formula for cathartic pills :
  Aloes....................t"j...............Basis.
  Hyd. Chlorid. mit.  gr. x............Adjurans.
  Olei Carui.............gtt. v...........Corrit/ens.
  Syrupi...................q. s..............Constituens.
      M.  et fiant. Pilula? xx.  See Symbol.
  It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions
are more simple than this.   The basis, for exam-
ple, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor
constituent.
  Dr. Paris has given the following synopsis of
the principles of medicinal combination, lamato-
taxiolog"ia, lamatoayntaxiolog"ia, which may
serve as an instructive guide to the prescriber:—

                 OBJECT  I.
     to promote the action of the basis.
  A.  By combining the several different forms or
preparations of the same subatance.  B. By com-
bining the basis with substances which are of the
same nature; i. e., which are individually capa-
ble of producing the same effects, with less ener-
gy than when  in combination with each other.
C. By combining the basis with substances of a
different nature, and which do not exert any che-
mical influence  upon it, but are found by expe-
rience, or inferred  by analogy, to be  capable of
rendering the  stomach or system more suscepti-
ble of its action.
                OBJECT II.
to correct the operation of the basis by ob-
  viating  ANY  UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT
  BE LIKELY  TO OCCASION,  AND WHICH WOULD
  PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED  ACTION, AND  DEFEAT
  THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION.
  A.  By chymically neutralizing or mechanically
separating the offending  ingredient.   B. By add-
ing some substance calculated to guard the sto-
mach or system against its deleterious effects.

                OBJECT III.
TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE
                  MEDICINES.
  A. By uniting those medicines which are cal-
culated to produce  the aame  ultimate results, but
by modes of operation totally different.   B.  By
combining medicines which have entirely differ-
ent powers; and which  are  required  to  obviate
different symptoms, or  to answer different indi-
cations.
                OBJECT IV.
TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF-
      FORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE.
  A. By combining medicines which excite dif-
ferent actions in the stomach and system, in con-
sequence  of whieh  new or modified  reeulta  are
produced.   B.  By  combining substances which
have the property of acting chymically upon each
other ; tho results of which are :—cr.  The forma-
tion of new compounds; 6. The decomposition
of the original ingredients, and the development
of the more active elements.  6'. By combining
substances, between which  no  other change is
induced  than  a diminution or increase in the so-
lubility of the  principles in which their medicinal
virtues  reside,  a. By  the  intervention of sub-
stances that act chymically.  b. By the addition
of  ingredients  whose operation  is entirely  me-
chanical.
                 OBJECT V.
         TO AFFORD AN  ELIGIBLE FORM.
   a. By which  the  efficacy of the remedy is en-
hanced,   b. By which  its aapect or flavour ia 
PRESENTATION
713
PRIMULA
  rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis-
  tration more convenient,  c.  By which it is pre-
  sci-ceil from the spontaneous decomposition to
  which it is liable.
    [The vocabulary in the author's " Medical Stu-
  dent, ' Philad. LS-H, will aid the student, not only
  in  translating, but in  writing  his prescriptions
  more solito.]
    PRESENTATION, from (Lat.)prceeena, (prce,
   be.fore/ and ena, < being.')  The part of a foetus
  which is Mt presenting, on examination per vagi-
  na m.  When  the head  presents, and especially
  the vertex,  or the feet,  knees, or breech,  the pre-
  sentation is said to be  natural.- when any other
  part, preternatural, and the labour is styled per-
  verse or preternatural, Parodyn'ia pervc'r'ea, Dys-
  to'cta perver'act,  Cross-birth,  (F.)  Accouchement
  contre nature.  AVhen any part besides the head,
  feet,  knees, or  breech  presents, the operation of
  turning becomes  necessary.   See Parturition.
    PR USES, Swelling.
    PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
    PRESMA, Swelling.
    PRESPl'NAL, Prcespina'lis, from prce, 'be-
  fore,'  and spina,  'the  spine.'  That which is
  situate before the spine.   The prespinal surface
  of the vertebral column is the anterior surface.
    PRESS, Prce'lium, Prce'Hum, Presso'rium, Pi-
  ester, Pirate'rion, (F.)  Pressoir, Presse.  An in-
  strument for subjecting matters to considerable
  pressure, for the  purpose of separating the liquid
  from  the solid portion.
    Press of Herophilus, Torcular llerophili.
    PPESSE-ARTERE. An instrument invented
  by  Deseliamps  for the immediate compression of
  arteries.   It is composed of a plate six or seven
  lines  long, and three broad, and of a rod  or stem
  two inches  long, placed  perpendicularly above
  the plate and riveted.  At each extremity of  the
  plate  is a hole, through which each of the ends
  of the ligature, to be placed upon  the artery, is
  passed.  The ligature is then to be tightened by
  drawing the ends, and fixing them to the perpen-
  dicular rod.  This  presse-artere  or serre-artere,
  surrounded with  charpie, remains in the  wound,
 until  there is  no longer danger of hemorrhage.
 The ligature is  then cut, and  the instrument
 withdrawn.  It is an unnecessary instrument.
   PRESSE-URETHRE, Jugum Penis.  A kind
 of forceps of elastic iron, the branches of which,
 padded, may be  approximated or separated  by
 means of a screw.  The penis is introduced be-
 tween the branches, one of them being applied
 to  the urethra,  and the screw is tightened  so as
 to exercise a degree  of pressure sufficient to bring
 the  parietes of the canal in contact.  This  instru-
 ment is sometimes used in incontinence of urine,
 to prevent the constant discharge of-that fluid.
   PR ESS 10, Pressure.
   PRESSION  ABDOMINALE, Pressure, ab-
 dominal.
   PRESSOIR, Press—p. d'Herophile, Torcular
 llerophili.
   PKESSORTUM, Press.
   PRESSURE, Pres'sio, from premo, pressum,
 'I press.'   The action of pressing.
  Pressure, Aboom'inal. (F.) Pression abdomi-
 nale. A mode of examination by means of which
 the  sensibility, si/.e, suppleness, or  hardness  of
 any  morbid abdominal viscus  may be compared,
 in these  respects, with  its  heaithy  condition.
 Bichat proposed, with the view of exploring the
 state of the thoracic organs, to exert a pressure
from below upwards  on the abdominal organs,  so
as to crowd them upon the diaphragm, and  thus
to diminish  the  dimensions of  the cavity of the
chest,  noticing  to what  extent respiration  was
  affected  by this  action.  No  great  information
  can of course be derived from  it.
    PRETENDED DISEASES, Fei-ned dise-,;,>s
    PRETIBTAL, Prmtibia'lis, from prce, 'bef-ie/
  and tibia, 'the tibia.'  That which is situate be-
  fore the tibia; as the ilio-pretibial and  ischio-
  pretibial muscles.
    PREVENTIVE,  ROYAL, from pravenlre,
  (prce, and venire,) 'to come before.'   An empi-
  rical preparation, used as a prophylactic against
  the venereal virus.   It is a solution of acetate of
  lead, — the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis  dilutus.
    PREVERTEBRAL  APONEUROSIS.  The
  aponeurosis which covers the muscles of the pre-
  vertebral region.
    Prevertebral Artery.  A ramus of the me-
  ningeal branch, and sometimes even of  the trunk,
  of the pharyngeal artery, which is distributed to
  the prevertebral region.
    Prevertebral AIuscles, see Cervical region,
  anterior — p. Region, Cervical region, anterior.
    PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica.
    PRIAPIS'COS.   Same  etymon  as  the next.
  Name of a piece of wood which forms part of the
  scamnum Hippoeraticum.  Paulus of jEgina calls
  thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis.
    PRIAPIS'MUS, Tenti'go, T. Penis, Pri'apism,
  Horn-colic (vulg.), Enta'sia Priapis'mua, Rhopa-
  Ue'mus,  Satyri'asis, Styma, Stysis,  from Upiairos,
  Priapus, 'the  male  organ.'  Constant and dis-
  tressing erection,  without any voluptuous idea or
  desire for venery.  It is often  symptomatic; and
  sometimes the immediate result of morbific causes,
  —of the action of cantharides, for example.  The
  application of cold liquids to  the penis, and the
  internal use of opium and camphor, are the means
  usually had  recourse  to for its  removal.
    PRIAPITIS, Phallitis.
    PRIA'PUS, Mntiiu'nus. In ancient mythology
 the deity who presided over gardens and the parts
 of generation,  so  called propter deformitatem et
 membri virilis magnitndinem.
   Priapus, Penis—p. Cervi, see Cervus—p. Ceti,
 Leviathian penis.
   PRICKING, Sax.  ppiccian,  (D.)  pricken,
 (F.) Picotement.  A variety of pain, compared to
 that which pointed bodies would occasion
   PRIDE OF  CHINA, Melia  azedarach—p. of
 India, Melia azedarach — p. Tree,  Melia azeda-
 rach.
   PRIEST-PHYSICIANS, see Asclepiadas.
   PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum macnlatum.
   PRIMA CELLA COLI, Circum.
   PRIM.E VIM.  The first passages.  The sto-
 mach and intestinal  canal: —the lacteals being
 the secun'dce vi'ce or second passages.  See Ways
 digestive.                                    '
   PRIMARY^ CELL, see Cell.
   PRIMEVERE, Primula veris.
   PRIMIP'ARA, Primipartu'riens, from primus,
 'first,' and  parere,  'to bring forth.'  A  name
 given to  a female who brings  forth for the first
 time.
   PRIMIPARTURTENS, Primipara
   PRIMI-STERNAL, Primi-stema'/'is, from pri-
 mns, 'the first,' and sternum, 'the sternum '  M
 Beclard  has called osprimi-stcmal  or clavi-ster-
 nal, the bony portion  of the sternum
   PRIMIT'T E.   The first waters,  or the waters
 discharged before the  extrusion of the foetus
   PRIMITIVE BAND,  see Nerve fibres_p.
 Streak. Groove, primitive
   PRIMORDIAL CELL, see Cell
   PRIMORDIUM, Arche
   PRIMROSE, EVENING, Oenothera biennis
— p. Tree, Oenothera biennis
 • ??.LMJLA 0F«CINALIS,  P. veris-p. Va-
riabilis, P. veris. 
PRINCEPS
714
PROBASCANTIUM
   Prim'ula Veris, P. officina'lis seu variabilis,
 from prim'ulus, 'the beginning.'   So called, be_-
 cause it flowers  in the beginning of the  spring.
 Verbas'culum, Paral'ysis, Herba paralys'eos seu
 paralyt'ica, the  Cowslip, Paigil or Peagle, (¥.)
 Primecere. Family, Primulaceas. Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria Monogynia.  The flowers have been con-
 sidered to  be  mildly tonic, antispasmodic, and
 anodyne.
   Primula Vulga'ris.  The leaves and roots of
' this plant have been used as sternutatories.
   PRINCEPS, Rectum.
   Princeps Cervi'cis (Artery), Cervical Artery.
 A branch of the  occipital artery, which descends
 between the splcnhrs and complexus muscles, and
 may be followed down to the lower part of the
 neck.
   Princeps Pol'licis (Arteria), Arte'ria magna
 pol'licis.   When the two collateral arteries of the
 thumb take origin from a  common trunk — the
 trunk is the Princeps pollicis.
   PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE DE DE-
 ROSNE,  Narcotine.
   PRINCIPES IMMEDIATS,  Principles, im-
 mediate.
   PRINCIPIUM, Arche, Element—p. Acidifi-
 cans, Oxygen—p. Adstringens, Tannin—p. Byr-
 sodepsicuin, Tannin — p. Coriaceum, Tannin—p.
 Hydrogeneticum,  Hydrogen — p.  llvdrotieum,
 Hydrogen—p. Oxygenans,  Oxygen—p. Salivale,
 see Saliva—p. Scytodepsicum, Tannin—p. Uri-
 nosum, Urea.
   PRIN'CIPLE,  COL'OURING,  OF  THE
 BLOOD.   A name, given to the immediate prin-
 ciple in animals, to which the  blood owes its red
 colour.  It is solid, inodorous, and insipid. When
 recently  separated  from blood, it has a purple-
 red colour. When distilled, it furnishes, amongst
 other products, a purple oil.   It is insoluble in
 water; but, if diluted with that liquid,  acquires
 a vinous-red hue.  It communicates a red colour
 to the albumen of the blood, and affords, on ana-
 lysis, iron, to which the colour has been ascribed.
 See  Hasmaphasin, and Hasmatin.
   Principle, Digestive,  Pepsin — p. Vital,  see
 Vital principle.
   PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Principes
 immediate, Materiaux immediats.   A name given
 to a considerable number of substances, composed
 of at least three elements, and which are obtained
 from animals  and vegetables without alteration,
 by simple processes, and, in some measure, im-
 mediately.
    Principles, Immediate, of Animals, Proxi-
 mate principles,  Organic  Elements, Compounds
 of Organization.   These  are divided into acid
 principles, fatty  principles, and principles which
 are  neither fat nor acid.   The first include  the
 uric, rosacic, purpuric, allantoic, caseic, butyric,
 &c.   The fatty  principles  are:—stearin,  elain,
 cholesterin,  &c.;  and the last division includes
 the most important compounds of organization :
 —fibrin, gelatin, albumen,  casein, osmazome, &c.
    Principles, Proximate, P. immediate.
    PRINOS, P. vcrticil/a'lus, Alcan'na major lati-
 fo'lia denta'ta, Aquifo'lium fo'liis decid'uis, Pvi-
 nos  Grono'vii,  Prinoa padifoliue,  Black Alder,
  Virginia   Winterberry,  Whorled  Winterberry,
 Feverbuah, (F.) Apaluchine dfeuilles de Prunier.
 Ord. Aquifoliaceas.  Sex. Syst.  Hexandria Mono-
 gynia.  The bark of this  common shrub of the
 United States is astringent, bitter, and pungent.
 The berries are, likewise, bitter.   The bark  has
 been used as a substitute for the cinchona, in in-
 termittents, and as a tonic.
    Prinos Gronovii, Prinos.
  Prinos L.eviga'tus, Smooth Winterberry. In-
digenous : has the same properties as
  Prinos Padifolius, Prinos.
  PRION,  Saw.
  PRIONO'DES, from irpiiav, ' a saw,' and nfos,
'shape.'  Serra'ted.   Applied to the  sutures ol
the head.
  PRIOR  ANNULA'RIS,  Interos'seus  quarlue
of Winslow.   An  internal interosseous  muscle,
which  arises  from the outside of the metacarpal
bone of the ring-finger, and is inserted into the
outside of  the  tendon on the back of the ring-
finger.  Its use is to draw the  ring-finger out-
wards.
  PRIOR  IN'DICIS, Exten'eor ter'tii interno'-
dii in'dicia,  (F.)  Soua-metacarpo-lateri-phaltin-
gien.   It arises from the outer  or radial side of
the metacarpal bone of the fore-finger, and is in-
serted into  the outside of the tendon on the back
of the fore-finger.  Action: — to draw the finger
outwards, towards the thumb.
  Prior Indicis Pedis, Adductor  In'dicis pedis.
An external,  interosseous  muscle of the foot,
whieh arises from the  contiguous sides of the
metatarsal  bones of  the  great and fore toes, and
is inserted  into the inside of the root  of  the first
bone of the fore-toe.  Action: — to pull the fore-
toe inwards.
   Prior Medii, Prior medii digiti.
   Prior Me'dii Dig"iti, Prior Medii, Second
interosseous of Douglas.  An external,  interos-
seous muscle of the hand, which arises from the
corresponding  sides of  the  metacarpal bones of
the fore and middle fingers, and is inserted into
the outside of the  tendon  on the back of the
middle finger.  Action : — to draw the middle
finger outwards.
   Prior Medii Digiti Pedis, Adductor medii di-
giti pedis.   An internal, interosseous  muscle of
the foot, which arises from the inside of the me-
tatarsal bone of the middle toe, and  is inserted
into the inside of the root of the first bone of the
middle toe. Use:—to pull the middle toe inwards,
or towards the inner side of the  foot.
   Prior Min'imi Digiti, Adduc'tor min'imi dig"-
iti.  An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot,
which originates from the inside of the metatar-
sal bone of the little toe, and is  inserted into the
inside of the root of the first bone of the little
toe.  Action : — to pull the little toe inwards.
   Prior Tertii Digiti  Pedis, Adduc'tor tertii
dig"iti pedia.   An internal, interosseous muscle
of the foot, which arises from the inner and un-
der part of the metatarsal bone  of the third of
the small toes, and is inserted into the inside of
the root of the first bone of the third of the small
toes.   Action: — to  pull the third of the small
toes inwards.
   PRISIS, J'.rvgmus, Trepanning,
   PRISMA, Scobs.
   PR ISM US,  Brygmus, Trepanning.
   PRIVATE  PARTS,  Genital organs.
   PRIVET, Ligustrura  vulgare.
   PRIVITIES, Genital organs.
   PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare—p. Members, Ge-
nital organs — p. Parts,  Genital organs.
   PRO, irpo,  ' before.' A common prefix to words,
as in Procatttrctic, Prostate, &C.
   PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis.
   PROBANG, Detruso'riuni ex balc'na.  A long
slender rod of whalebone, with a piece of sponge
at its extremity, intended to push down extrane-
ous bodies, arrested in  the  oesophagus, into the
stomach.  A similar instrument is called by J. L.
Petit, Repoussoir d'aretee.
   PROBARBIUM,  Geneias.
   PROBASCANTUM, Amuletum.
   PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum. 
PROBE                   715            PROCTORRIIAGIA
  PROBE, Cathcterize, Specillum —p. Eyed, see
Specillnin.
  PI'.OIJINC, see Meiosis.
  PUOBOLE, Processus.
  PltOi'ARDTUM, Scrobiculus cordis.
  PROi'EDE, Process.
  PROCEDURE, Procidi.
  PROCEPHALI, Capitones.
  PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi.
  PROCES CILIAIRES, Ciliary processes.
  PROCESS, Apophysis, Processus.
  Proc"ess, Ratio, (F.) Procede, from procedere,
to march forwards.  Procedure,—method of per-
forming any operation, chemical, pharmaceutical,
or surgical.
  Process,  Cuneiform, Basilary process — p.
Modelling, see Modelling Process — p.  of Rau,
see  Malleus — p. Vertical superior longitudinal,
Fa^x  cerebri.
  PROCES'SUS.  A  process; same  etymon;
Projectu'ra, Prob'ole.   An apophysis or eminence
of a bone: see Apophysis.  Also, any part which
seeins prolonged beyond others with which it is
in connexion; as the  Ciliary processes.
  Processus  Anconeus, Olecranon — p. Annu-
laris,  Pons Varolii — p. Belenoides, see  Belenoid
—p. Caudatus, Lobulus caudatus—p. a, Cerebello
ad mcdullatn oblongatam, Corpora restiformia —
p. Cerebelli ad  pontem, Peduncles  of the cere-
bellum—p. Cerebelli ad testes,  Peduncles  of the
cerebellum—p. Cerebri  lateralis, Cornu  ammonis
— p.  Ciliares, Ciliary processes—p. Clavatus, see
Funiculi graciles — p. Cochleariformis, see Tym-
panum— p. Cuneiformis ossis occipitis, Basilary
process — p.  Enteroidei cerebri,  Convolutions
(cerebral) — p. Falciformis cerebelli, Falx cere-
belli—p. Falciformis duras matris, Falx cerebri—
p. Gracilis  of Rau,  see Malleus — p. Laterales
uteri, Tubas Fallopianas—p. Mamillares, Papillas
of the kidney. Olfactory nerves — p. Mamillares
cerebri, Mamillary tubercles—-p. Olivaris, Olivary
Process—p. Orbicularis cerebri,  Infundibulum of
the brain — p. Papillares, Olfactory nerves — p.
Papillaruin,  Olfactory nerves — p. Rachidianus,
Medulla spinalis—p. Sterni  xiphoideus, Xiphoid.
  Proces'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'tia; seu Fascic'-
tdi ter'etes.   Two slightly convex bodies forming
the anterior wall or floor of  the fourth ventricle
of the brain.  They are separated by a longitu-
dinal groove, which is continuous, inferiorly, with
the sulcus longitudinalis posterior of the spinal
cord.  They are  crossed transversely by  several
white and gray fasciculi—linece  transver'sce, strice
medulla'res—the origin of the auditory nerves.
  Processus ad Testes, see Valvula Vieussenii
— p.  Transversus duras matris, Tentorium — p.
Uvifcr, Uvula — p. Ventriculi,  Duodenum—p.
Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage—p. Xipho-sternalis,
Xiphoid cartilage — p.  Zygomaticus," Zygomatic
process.
  PR0C1IEILA. Antelabia.
  PROCIIEILIDION,  Procheilon.
  PROCHEI'LOX, Procheilid'ion,  Prola'bium,
Antila'bium.   The  extreme  projecting part or
margin of the lips.
  PR0CI1 EUMA, Parenchyma.
  Ph'OCIDRXCE DE L'CEIL, Exophthalmia.
  PROCIDENTIA,  Prolapsus —p.  Ani, Procto-
cele—p. Intestini recti, Proctocele—p. Iridis, Sta-
phyloma of the  Iris — p. Oculi, Exophthalmia —
p. Sedis, Proctocele — p. Uteri,  Prolapsus uteri.
  PROCXEME, Tibia.
  PROCNEMIUM, Tibia.
  PROCCE'LIUS, Procce'liis, from irpo, 'before,'
and xoiXta, ' belly.'  One who has a large pendu-
lous abdomen.
  PROCCELUS,  Proecelius.
  PROCON'DYLUS, irpoxovSvXos, from rroo, 'be-
fore,'  and jcovovXos, 'a knot.'  The  first joint of
the fingers; the second being called  tcov<5oAos; and
the third pcraxovbvXos.
  PROCREATIO,  Generation — p.  Sanguinis,
Hasmatosis.
  PROCREATION, Fecundation, Generation.
  PROC'TAGRA, from irptaxros, 'anus,' and aypa,
' seizure.'  Gout in the rectum.  Proctalgia.
  PROCTAL'GIA, Proe'tica  simplex,  Proc'ta-
gra, Dolor ani, Proctodynia,  from  irptaxros, 'the
anus,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the anus :  ge-
nerally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids,
scirrhus, &c.
  Proctalgia,  Clunesia — p.  Hasmorrhoidalis,
Hasmorrhois — p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis — p.
Intertriginosa,  Chafing — p. Rheumatica,  Proc-
torrheuma.
  PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imperfora'Ho ani, from
irptaxros, 'the anus,' and  arpnaia, 'imperforation.'
Imperforate state of the  anus.
  PROCTICA.  Pain or derangement about the
anus,  without primary inflammation.  A genus in
the class Cwliaca,  order Enterica, of Good.
  Proctica Exania,  Proctocele — p.  Marisca,
Hasmorrhois—p. Simplex, Proctalgia—p. Tenes-
mus, Tenesmus.
  PROCTISIS, Proctitis.
  PROCTITIS,  Proc'tiaia, Archi'tia, Clune'sia,
Cysso'tis, from irptaxros, 'the anus.'  Inflammation
of the anus and rectum.  Rectitis.
  Proctitis Gangrenosa, Proctocace.
  PROCTOC'ACE, Procti'Hs gangrceno'sa, from
rrpiaxros, 'the anus,' and  xaxos,  'evil.'  A disease
of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, which, accord-
ing to him, is common in Peru, in the neighbour-
hood of Quito j),nd Lima, on the Honduras and
Mosquito coasts, in Brazil, and on  the Gold coast,
&c.   It is called by the  Portuguese, Bicho, and
Iiieho di Culo; by the people of Quito, Mal del
Voile, from its prevalence in the valleys ; and in
Africa, Bltios de Kis.  It is an adynamic, inflam-
matory condition, frequently ending in gangrene.
It has been attributed to bad food, and the use
of spices.
  PROCTOCELE, from irpwicrof,  'the anus,' and
xr)Xr\,  'hernia.'   Prolap'sus Ani,  Proctopto'ma,
Proctoptosis, Procto'sis, Hedroce'le, Archeopto'-
ma, Archecpto'ma, Archopto'ma, Archeoce'le, Ar-
chopto'eie, Exa'nia, Hcemor'rhoia proce'dena, Hce-
mor'rhoia ab exa'nid, Prociden'tia Ani, P. intes-
ti'ni recti, P. sedis, Ecto'pia An!, Sedes procid'ua,
Falling down of the Fundament, Coming down of
the Body, (F.) Chute du rectum, C. du Fondement,
Renversement du rectum.  Inversion and prolapse
of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation
of the sphincter with more or less swelling.   In
the treatment, the application  of  cold water and
astringent lotions  must  be  recommended: and
if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which
converge  at the anus, may be snipped off.  On
cicatrizing, the verge of the  anus  will be  con-
tracted, and the cure probably complete.   In the
way of  palliation,  the parts may be retained by
an appropriate bandage.
  PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
  PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia.
  PROOTOX'CUS,  from  irpiaxros,   'anus/ and
oyxos, ' swelling.'   Swelling of the anus.
  PROCTOPARALY'SIS, Proctop/e'gia, Paral'-
ysis Intesti'ni Recti.  Paralysis of   the musclea
of the rectum.
  PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalvsis.
  PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele.  "
  PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele.
  PR0CT0RRHAG1A, Hasmorrboidal flux. 
PROCTORRHEUMA
716
PROLAPSUS
  PROCTORRHEU'MA,  from irptaxros,  'anus,'
and pcvpa, 'defluxion.'  Rheumatism of the anus.
  PROCTORRHEA, from irptaxros,  'the anus,'
and pew, ' I flow.'   A discharge of blood or slime
from the anus.  See Hasmorrhois.
  PROCTOS, Anus.
  PROCTOSIS, Proctocele.
  PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus.
  PROCTOSTENOSIS  ORGANICA,  Stricture
of the rectum.
  PROCTOTOREU'SIS,  from irptaxros,  'anus,'
and ropvuv, 'to perforate.'  Perforation of a closed
anus.
  PROCTUS, Anus.
  PROCURATIO ABORTUS.  The promotion
of abortion.
  PROD'ROMUS, from irpo, 'before,' and Spouos,
' course.'  Sta'dium opportunita'tie seuprodromo1'-
rum;  in  contagious diseases, Sta'dium  laten'tie
conta'gii.   The period immediately preceding an
attack of  disease; in which the precuraory aigna
occur.
  PROD'UCT, from produco, ' I produce.'   (F.)
Produit.  The result sought  to be  attained by
any pharmaceutical operation.
   PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus—p. Uvulas a, pituita,
Staphyloedema.
   PRODUCTION,  Produc'tio;  same etymon.
This word  is used, especially by the  French,
synonymously with prolongation.  The mesentery
is, in this sense, a production  of the  peritoneum.
   PRODUOTION ACCIDENTELLE.  An ac-
cidental or adventitious structure.
   PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity.
   PRODUIT, Product.
   PROEGUMEN.E CAUSAE, Causes,  predispo-
nent.
   PR03LIUM, Press, Tourniquet,
   PROEM'INENT, Proem'incite, from pro, 'for-
wards/ and eminere, 'to project'  Some anato-
mists call the 7th cervical vertebra the proeminent
vertebra, on account of the length of its  spinous
process, which passes the level  of  that of the
neighbouring vertebras.
   PRCEOTIA,  Pro'i'otea,  irpiotorrjs,  or irpoiorijs,
from irpiai, ' early.'  ' Precocity.'  Prcecox matu'-
ritae, Preco'cioua matu'rity.  Premature develop-
ment of sexual organization or power. — Good.
   PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nerium  antidysente-
ricum.
   PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fluxus, Polyr-
rhce'a, Flux; from projluo, 'I run down.  A term
under which some nosologists have comprised all
morbid discharges or fluxes : — others, increased
 excretions attended ~by fever.
   Profluvium Alvi, Diarrhoea—p. Genitale mu-
liebre, Menses—p. Mucosum urethras, Gonorrhoea
— p. Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses  — p. Sangu-
 inis, Hasmorrhagia—p. Sanguinis ei Renibus, Ne-
 phrorrhagia—p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia
 —p. Sanguinis ex Utero,  Metrorrhagia — p. Se-
 minis, Pollution—p. Ventris,  Diarrhoea.
   PROFUN'DUS,  (pro,  and fundus,  'base.')
 Altus, ' having a  deep base.'  A name given to
 different  parts,  which are seated profoundly as
 regards others.
   Profunda Arte'ria Fem'oris, A. vasta poste-
 rior seu muecula'ria fem'oria,  Artire-grande mue-
 culaire de la cuisse.  (Ch.)   This large branch
 arises commonly from the posterior part of the
 crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter.
 It descends deeply, situate before the adductors;
 passes through  the third adductor  above  the
 opening in it for the trunk of the femoral:  and
 terminates in  the short  portion  of the biceps.
 The muacularis profunda gives off, 1.  The external
 circumflex: 2. The internal circumflex: and,  3.
 The three perforantes.
  Profunda Arte'ria  Hi'meri,  P. supe'rior,
Arte'ria apira'lia, (F.) Artere humerale prhfonde,
A. collaterale externe, Grand musculaire  tin bras,
(Ch.) Its origin is variable.  When it arises from
the brachial artery, it is given off opposite  the
groove of the humerus  destined  for  the radial
nerve, and descends backwards between the three
portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve;
giving branches to that muscle and  to the hume-
rus.  When it reaches the posterior part of the
bone, it divides into two branches, which are dis-
tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, &c.
  Profunda  Arteria Inferior vel Minor  is
often a branch  of the last; but,  commonly,  is
given off from the brachial, near the middle of
the arm.  It  gives off branches to the muscles,
&c, about the inner side of the os humeri.   It
is, also, called large communicating ulnar or pro-
fundo-ulnar.                              '
  Profunda  Arteria  Penis.   Chaussier  has
given this name to the cav'ernous  ar'tery, which
arises from the artery of the penis, furnished by
the internal pudic.
  Profunda  Arteria Superior,  Profunda hu-
meri.
  Certain muscles are distinguished by the names
profound or deep-seated,  and superficial.  Thus,
we speak of the superficial and deep-seated mus-
cles of the neck, &c; the Flexor profundus per-
forans, &c.
  PROFUSIO, Hasmorrhagia.
  Profusio Aqu^e.  The discharge or  breaking
of the waters  at birth.
  Profusio Sanguinis,  Hasmorrhagia — p. Se-
minis,   Ejaculation — p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura
simplex.
  PROGASTOR, from irpo, 'before,' and yaarnp,
'belly.'  One  who has a pendulous belly.
  PROGENIES, Epigone.
  PROGENY, Epigone.
  PROGLOS'SIS, from rrpo, 'before,' and yXoaaa,
'the tongue;' Apex Ungues.  The extremity  or
tip of the tongue.
  PROG'NATHOUS, from irpo,   'before,'  and
yvaQos, 'the jaw.'  Having a projecting jaw.  A
term applied  to the form  of the head  in which
there is a prolongation  or forward extension  of
the jaws, as in the negro.
   PROGNO'SIS,  Pro'dgoreu'sis, Prorrlie'sis,
Prcecognit"io, Prognoe'tice,  Prceno'tio,  Prcenun-
tia'tlo, Prceecicn'tia, Prcescit"io, Pronce'a, Proph'-
aaia, Prcedic'tio, (F.) Prognoatic, Pronoatic, from
irpo, 'before,'  and yvtaots, 'knowledge.'  A judg-
ment formed  by the physician  regarding the fu-
ture progress  and termination of any  disease.
   Prognosis, General.   The opinion formed
of  a disease in the abstract.  Thus, we say, the
 General prognosis  of  Cynanche   tonsillaris  is
favourable; — of Phthisis  pulmonalis, unfavour-
able, Ac.
   Prognosis, Particular.  The opinion formed
of any particular case of disease.   The particular
prognosis of one case of typhus, for example, may
be favourable, whilst that  of another may be un-
 favourable.
   Prognosis f,x LinguA,  Glossomantia.
   PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis.
   PROG NOST ICE, Prognosis.
   PROGRESSIO, Augmentation.
   PROGRESSUS, Augmentation.
   PROIOTES, Prasotia,
   PROJECTURA,  Process.
   PROLABIUM. Procheilon.
   PROLAP'SUS, from prolabor,prolapsus, (pro,
 and labor, lapsus, 'to slide,') 'I slip down.'  Pro-
 ciden'tia,  Delap'sio, D<ltip'sna,   Ili/por'rliysis,
 Propto'ma, Propto'aia, Produc'tio, Propcnden'tia, 
PROLECTATIO
717
PROPOLIS
Prominen'tia, Ptosis, Casus,  >Y.) Chile;  a pro-
trusion; a falling down.  A genus of diseases in
the class  Localea and  order Ectopia of  Cullen,
distinguished by  the  falling  down  of  a part
through the orifice with which it  is naturally
connected.
  Prolapsus Ani,  Proctocele—p.  Bulbi oculi,
Exophthalmia — p.  Corneas, Staphyloma  of the
cornea—p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis—p. Linguas, Glos-
Bocelc, Paraglussa — p. (Esophagi, Pharyngocele
— p.  Palpebra1, Blepharoptosis — p. Pharyngis,
Pharyngocele — p. Umbilici,  Exomphalus.
  Prolapsus  U'teri, E.comc'tra, Metropto'eie,
Metro/,copto'sis, Orthystcropto'aie, Orthysteropto'-
tna, Pulling down of the womb,  sEdoptu'eia u'teri,
Hgatiro/ito'sis, Ilysteroce'le  nuda,  Procidentia
u'teri, (F.) Abaissement de  la  matrice.  Chute de
la matrice, Descentc de la matrice, Precipitation
de la  matrice.  Some use the term, 'Procidentia
Uteri' for a  minor  degree of the affection than
prolapsus;—Relaxatio uteri expressing the slight-
est state  of  all.  A falling down of the uterus,
owing to relaxation of  the parts about the utero-
vaginal region.  In  the treatment, the horizontal
posture must be insisted upon; the  injection of
astringent substances per vaginam be advised;
and  it  the  affection be not remedied  by these
means, a pessary may be employed as  a  pallia-
tive,  or the operation of Episioraphy  be per-
formed.
  Prolapsus Uvul.e, Staphyloedema.
  Prolapsus Vagi'n.k, Hystcropto'sis  Vagi'nce,
Proltijisus  -Edoptosis   Vagina,  Coleopto'sis, Col-
popto'sis, Elytropto'aie — Protrusion of the upper
part of the vagina into the lower. This, like the
descent of the uterus,  may be relaxation, proci-
dentia, prolapsua, or complete inversion.
  Prolapsus Vesicae, Exoeyste.
  PROLECTATIO; from pro,  and legere, tec-
tum, ' to gather.'   Action of separating the finer
parts of a body from the grosser.
  PROLEPTICS, Prolep'tice, from irpo, 'before,'
and Xapjiavia, ' I seize hold of.'   A term proposed
by Dr. Laycock to  signify the  art and science of
predicting in medicine.
   PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating.
   PROLES, Epigone.
   PROLTCIDE, Prolicifl'lum; fromproles, 'off-
spring,' and cadere,  'to  kill.'  Destruction of
offspring: a term, which  includes  foeticide as
well as infanticide.
   PROLIFTC, Prolif'icus;  from  prolea, 'off-
spring,' and facio,  ' I make.'   That which has
the faculty of engendering.   Applied to man, and
animals, and to their sperm or seed; as well as
to remedies, which, by strengthening the genital
organs, increase the secretion of sperm.
   PROLIG"EROUS, Pro'liger, Prollg"erua,
from  prolea,  ' offspring,' and gero, ' I carry.' That
whieh is connected  with carrying the offspring.
   Proligerous Disc or Layer, Discus prolig"-
erus. Discus ritellinua, Stratum prolitferum, Go-
noetro'nia,  (F.)  Disque proligere.  A  granular
layer, situate generally towards  the most  promi-
nent  part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of
whieh the true ovum or ovule exists.—Von Baer.
   PROI.ONGEMENT RACHIDIEN, Medulla
spinalis—p. Sous-occipital,  Basilary process.
   PROMALACTE'RIUM,  from irpo,   'before,'
and paXaaaut, ' I soften.'  The room, in the an-
cient gymnasium, in which the body was softened
and anointed. One of the operations in bathing.
   PROMANUS, see Digitus, Pollex.
   PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages.
   PROMETO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from  irpo,
'before,' and ptruiror, 'the  forehead.'  The skin
of the forehead.
  PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus, Protuberance —
p. Annularis  Cerebri, Pons Varolii — p. Cornea?,
Ceratocele — p. Ossis Continua. Apophysis.
  PROMINENTIA ALBICANTES, 'Mammil-
lary tubercles—p. Semiovales Medullas Oblonga-
ta', Corpora olivaria.
  PROMONTORIUM, Promontory— p. Faciei,
Nasus — p. Ossis Sacri, see Sacrum.
  PROM'ONTORY,P7-o?7io»7ro'r7'iim,(from/)roand
mans, montis, 'a mountain,') seu Tuber seu  Tube-
rositas Tym'pani.   A small projection at the in-
ner paries of the cavity of the tympanum, whieh
corresponds to the external  scala of  the cochlea,
and especially to the outer side of the vestibule.
  Promontory of the Sacrum, see  Sacrum.
  PRONATEUR CARRE, Pronator radii qua-
dratus—pi. Grand ou iwici, Pronator radii teres—
p. Petit, Pronator  radii quadratus.
  PRONATION,  Prona'tio,  from promts, 'in-
clined   forwards.'   Anatomists  understand, by
pronation, the motion by which the  inferior ex-
tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, and
thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation
from without inwards.
  PRONATOR.   That which produces the mo-
tion of pronation.   This name has been given to
two of the muscles of the forearm.
  Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres — p. Qua-
dratus, P. radii quadratus.
  Pronator Ra'dii Quadra'tus, P. quadratus,
Qnadratua ra'dii,  P. quadratua seu transrers'us
(Winslow), Pronator radii breris  seu  quadratus
(Cowper,) (F.) Cubito-radial (Ch.), Petit ou carri
pronateur.  This muscle is situate  at the ante-
rior, inferior, and profound  part of the forearm.
It is flat and square, and is attached, within, to
the inferior quarter of the anterior surface  of the
ulna;  and, without,  to the inferior quarter  of the
anterior surface of the radius.  It produces the
motion of pronation.
  Pronator Radii Teres, P. terea sive obli'quus
(Winslow),  (F.) Epitrochlo-radiol (Ch.), Grand
ou  rond pronateur.  A muscle seated at the upper
and anterior part of the forearm.   It is long, flat,
and larger  above than  below.   It  is attached,
above, to the inner tuberosity of the humerus and
to the coronoid process of the ulna.  From thence
it passes obliquely downwards and outwards, and
terminates at the middle of the outer  surface of
the radius.   It causes  the radius to turn  on the
ulna, to produce  the  motion  of  pronation.  It
can, also, bend the forearm  on the arm, and con-
versely.
   Pronator Teres, P. radii teres.
   PRONAUS, Vestibulum.
   PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon.
   PRON(EA. Prognosis.
  PRONOSTIC, Prognosis.
  PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus.
   PROP'ERTIES, PHYSICAL. OF THE  TIS-
SUES.  These are  flexibility,  extensibility and
elasticity, racornissement and imbibition.
   Properties, Vital. Those which  depend upon
organization, as contractu'ity.
   PROPHASES. Prognosis.
   PROPHYLACTIC, Prophylac'ticus, Diaphy-
lac'tic, Diasos'tic,  Synteret'icus, Praservato'riu8,
from irpo, and tpvXaaata, ' I  defend.'   A preserv-
ative.
   PROPHYLAXTS, Prophylace, Prophylac'tice,
Syntere'aia.  Same etymon.  Praacrva'tio, Pra-
cau'tio, Pracueto'dia. Preservative or preventive
treatment.
   PROP'OLIS, from  Ti-po,  'before,' and  toXi,,
'city;' literally, 'that which is  before the  city.'
 Ceranthe'mue, Commo'sis, Bee-bread.  A red, re-
sinous matter, with which the bees cover the hot- 
PROPOMA
718
PROSTRATION
Its  fume has been esteemed
torn of the hive
antiasthmatic.
  PROP'OMA, from irpo,  'before/ and iropa, 'a
drink.'  Ancient name of  a medicine, composed
of seven parts of honey and four of wine.   It was
drunk before a meal.— Paulus of Agina.
  PR0P0RTIO, Symmetry.
  PROPOSITUM, Intention.
  PROPOTIS'MOS.  Same etymon.  Prapo'tio.
An ancient name for medicines which were given
to the patients before purging them, and, in some
sort, to prepare them.
  PROPRIUS AURIS EXTERNA, Retrahens
auris.
  PROPTOMA, Prolapsus.
  Propto'ma Auricula'rum, Paraathe'aie audi'-
td.8 flacca, Flap  Ear.  Lobe of the  ear broad,
loose, and pendent from birth.— Good.
   Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis.
   PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus—p. Palpebrae, Ble-
pharoptosis—p. Uvulae, Staphyloedema.
   PROPTYSIS, Expectoration.
   PRORA, Occiput.
   PRORRIIESIS, Prognosis.
   PRORUPTIO  SANGUINIS, Hasmorrhagia.
   PROS, irpos. In composition, this prefix gene-
 rally signifies ' in  addition to,' ' over and above,'
 ' besides.'
   PROSARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
   PROSBOLE, Impression.
   PROSCHYSIS, Affusion.
   PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination.
   PROSECTEUR, Dissector.
   PROSECTIO, Anatomy.
   PROSECTOR,  Dissector.
   PROSLEPSIS, Prehension.
   PROSODOS, Aditus.
   PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
   PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
   PROSOPANTRFTIS,  from proaopantra, the
 frontal sinuses, and itia,  denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the frontal sinuses.
    PROSOPARALYSIS,  Palsy, Bell's.
    PROSO'PIS DULCIS.  A tree of rather large
 size, native  of Peru.  The  fruit — Pacay — is
 a  pod,  from 20  to  2i inches   long,  contain-
 ing black  seeds imbedded in a white, soft, flaky
 substance;  which last is eaten by  the Limenos
 with pleasure.— Tschudi.
    PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial.
    PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,  from  Trpoo-uirov,
  ' the face,' Svs,' with difficulty,' and poptpv,' shape.'
  Malformation or atrophy of  the face,— as where
  the process of nutrition  suffers from diminished
  nervous  influence.
    PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy.
    PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy.
    PROSOPON, Face.
    PROSOPORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'muafaciei,
  from irpoaiairov,  'face,'  and  pivpa,  ' defluxion,'
  ' rheumatism.'   Rheumatism affecting the face.
    PROSOPOSIS, Physiognomy.
    PROSOPOSPASMUS, Canine  Laugh.
    PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,seeCephalosoma-
  todymia.
    PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS,  Sanitas.
    PROSPHORA, Prehension.
    PROS'PHYSIS, Adnaecen'tia, Coalif'io, 'ad-
  hesion,  adherence, connexion,'  from  7rpa?, and
  tpvia, ' I grow.'  In  a more  limited sense, this
  word means morbid adhesion  of  the eyelids,
  either between themselves, or with the globe of
  the eye ; Ankyloblephlaron.
    PROS'TASIS, irpoaraais, (irpo, and araais, 'sta-
  tion,') 'superiority,  preponderance;'  same ety-
  mon as Prostate.  A predominance or abundance
  of excrementitious humour.— Hippocr.
  PROSTATA,  Prostnte —p.  Bartholin!,  Cow-
per's glands in  the  female — p. Muliebris,  Cow-
per's glands in the female.
  PROSTATvE, Prostate.
  PROSTATAL, Prostatic.
  PROSTATAL'GIA, from  irpooraTn, ' the pros-
tate,' and aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain in the prostate.
  PROSTATAUXE, Prostatoparectasis.
  PROSTATE, irpoarara, from irpo,' before,' and 10--   (
rripi, 'I stand.'—Pros'tata,P.gland'ula,Pros'tata,
P. glandulo'sa, Paras'tata tttlcuo'ides seu glamlu-
lo'sa, Adstans, Paras'tata, P. gland'ula,  Pros'ta-
ta adenoi'des, Testis minor,  Corpus glandulo'aum
seu glando'sum, C.  adcniformv,  C. glantliforme,
C. glandulo'sum, C.  adenoi'dcs, Assistcn'tes glan-
dttla, Ads'tites glandulosi;  the  Prostate gland.
A glandular, cordiform body, of the size of  a
chestnut, situate before the neck of the  bladder,
behind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the
first portion of  the urethra.  Its excretory out-
lets, to the number  of 10 or 12, open into the part
of the urethra that traverses it, and pour  into  it
a whitish viscid humour, intended to lubricate the
interior of the  urethra, and to serve us a vehicle
for the sperm in its ejaculation.
   PROSTATELCO'SIS,  from irpoo-i-ara,  'pros-
tate,' and  'tAicos, 'an ulcer.'  Ulceration  of tho
prostate.                ,
   PROSTATES  INFER IE URES,  Cowper's
 glands—p.  Petites,  Cowper's glands.
 ' PROSTATIC, Prostat'icus, Pros'total.  That
 which relates  to the prostate.  Winslow  has
 named — Superior Prostatic Muscles — ligaments
 which pass from the pubis to the lateral parts of
 the prostate.  He,  also, calls—Inferior  prostatic
 muscles—the fleshy fibres, which, from the  lateral
 parts of the urethra, near its membranous  por-
 tion, pass to be inserted into the pubis.
   Prostatic  Bisec'tor.   An  instrument  em-
 ployed by  Dr. Stevens, of New York, in the bi-
 lateral operation of lithotomy.  In form it resem-
 bles a large olive,  with a beak at the extremity,
 with cutting edges  at the sides  parallel to its
 longest axis, and with a straight handle.
   Prostatic Liquor, Liquor prostat'icus.  The
 fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes  with
 sperm during emission.
   Prostatic Portion of  the Urethra.  The
 part of the canal of the urethra included by the
 prostate :  it is about 15 lines long.
   Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic.
   PROSTATICUS  SUPERIOR, Compressor
 prostatas.
   PROSTATITIS, Inflamma'tio Pros'tata, from
  irpoarara, ' the prostate,' and itis, denoting inflam-
  mation.   Inflammation of the prostate.
    PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus.
    PROSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Tumor pros'-
  tata, from irpoarara, 'the prostate,' and oyxos, 'a
  tumour.'   Swelling of the  prostate.
    PROSTATOPARECTASIS,  from  irpoarara,
  'prostate,'  and vaptxruveiv,  'to extend.'   En-
  largement of the prostate ; also, induration of the
  same, Proetatoscir'rhus, Proatatau.e'e.
    PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,  see  Prostatoparec-

    PROSTERNIDTUM, from  -pa,  'before,' and
  ortpvov, ' the sternum.'  Any agent applied to the
  anterior part of the chest;  a plaster to the breast.
    PROSTHESIS, Prothesis.
    PROSTHETA, Subdita.
    PROSTHIUM, Penis.
    PROSTOM'IA,  Commiaau'ra labio'rum; (F.)
  irpo, ' before,' and aropa, ' mouth.'   The  commis-
  sure of the lips.
    PROSTRATION,  Proetra'tio vi'rium, (F.)
  Proatration dee forces, Abattement.   Great de- 
PROTEA
719
PRUNUM
pression of strength.  Almost total loss of power
Over tho muscles of locomotion.
  PROTEA MELIFE'RA.  A  South African
plant,  Nat. Ord.   Proteacea?,  whose  involucra
and  floweFS, at the  time  of inflorescence, are
filled with a sweet watery liquid, which contains
a great deal of honey. By inspissation it forms a
delicious syrup—Syru'pus Pro'tea, which is much
used in pulmonary  affections.
  Protea Lepidocarpon, and some other Pro-
teas, supply the same kind of juice.
  PROTEAN, Pro'teiform,  Proteiform'ia, from
Proteus,  who could assume various  shapes.  As-
suming different shapes.
  PROTEIFORMIS, Protean.
  Proteiform'is Morbus.   A disease which as-
sumes various characters.
  PRO'T EIN, Proteine, Protei'na :  from irptartvta,
11 take first rank.'   A product of the decomposi-
tion of albumen, &c., by potassa.   When  animal
albumen, fibrin or casein is dissolved in a mode-
rately strong solution of caustic potassa, and  the
solution  is exposed for some time to a high tem-
perature, these substances are decomposed.  The
addition  of acetic  acid causes, in  all three, the
separation of a gelatinous translucent precipitate
 which has exactly  the same characters and com-
 position.   This is protein. — Mulder.
   Protein is the basis of  animal and vegetable
 fibrin, albumen, and  casein, and of gluten, which
 have been, consequently, classed under the '' prfl-
 teinaceous alimentary principle," by Dr. Pereira.
   PROTEINACEOUS, Proteinous..
   PROTEINOUS, Proteina'ceous, Proteino'sus,
 (F.) Proteiqne.   Of, or belonging to protein; —
 as " a proteinous alimentary principle."
   PROTEIQUE.  Proteinous.
   PROTEXSIONES GLANDULARES,  Mam-
 millary  eminences.
   PROTIUESIS, Prosthesis, Adjunc'tio,  Adjec'-
 tio, Apposi"tio, ' addition, application ;' from irpos,
 ' in addition to,' and riSnpi,  ' I put.'  That part
 of surgery whose object is to add to the  human
 body some artificial part, in place of one that may
 be wanting, as a wooden leg, an artificial eye, &c.
   PROTMESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney.
   PROTOGALA,  Colostrum.
   PROTOIATROS,  Archiater.
   PROTOMEDICUS, Archiafor.
   PROTOMUS, Dissector.
   PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia.
   PROTO'PIIYTE, Protoph'yton,  from  irptoros,
  ' first,' and tpvrov, ' a plant.'  A vegetable  produc-
  tion at the foot of the scale;  as a cryptogamous
  plant, — a fungus.
   PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri.
    PROTOZO'ON,  from irpiaros, 'first,' and faov,
  ' an animal.'   An animal low in the scale; — as a
  monad.
    PROTRUSION, Prolapsus.
    PROTU'BERANCE, Protuberan'tia,  Extube-
  ra'tio, Proininen'tia, Excreacen'tia, Extuberan'tia,
  from pro,  ' before,' and tuber, ' a projection.'
  (F.)  Posse.  A name given  to rough,  unequal
  protuberances, seen at the surface of certain or-
  gans ; the parietal protuberancea, occipital  pro-
  tuberances, annular protuberances,  &c.
    Protuberance, Annular,  Pons Varolii — p.
  Cerebral, Medulla oblongata, Pons  Varolii—p.
  Cylindro'ide, Cornu  ammonis.
    PROTUBERAN'TIA, Eminence—p. Annularis
  Willisii,  Pons  Varolii — p.  Cylindrica,  Cornu
  ammonis.
    PROTRUSOR. Detrusor urinas.
    PROULIMATE'SIS.   A word  employed by
  Forestus for hernia  of the stomach.
    PROUNE, Prunus domestica.
  PROVENTRIC'ULUS,  Bulbus  glandulo'eut,
Infundibu'lum, Second  atomuch; from irpo, 'be-
fore,' and ventriculua, 'the stomach.'  A bulbous
expansion at the termination of the oesophagus,
immediately above the gizzard of birds, the walls
of which are thickly studded with  a layer  of
glands or follicles which secrete  a digestive fluid.
  PROVERBS, MED'ICAL.  A proverbial ex-
pression frequently contains  sound sense in  its
directions.   In  medicine, the greatest collection
is in the Regimen of Health of the School of Sa-
lemum, composed in the 11th century, by John
of Milan.   Yet, although good sense is often in-
culcated, we frequently meet with the reverse.
  Most of the proverbs are hygienic.  The fol-
lowing are  a few.
1. Qu' apree la aoupe un coupe d'excellent vin
   Tire un  ecu de la poche du medecin.
2. Surge quintet, prande nond, ccena quintd,dormi
     nond,  nee est morti vita prona.
3. N~unquam recti  corpus  exerceri  sine  animo,
     neque animum sine corpore poeae.
4. Viande Men macMe eat d demi digeree.
5. Optimum condimentum famea.
   Appetite is the  best sauce.
6. Plurea occidit gula quam gladiue.
7. Early to bed and early to rise,
   Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
8. One man's meat's another man's poison.
9. An ounce of prevention is  better than a pound
     of cure.
   PROVERSIO, Anteversion.
   PROVINS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Cha-
lybeate -springs in the department  of Seine  et
Marne, France, which contain carbonic aeid and
iron.
   PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary.
   PROX'IMAD, see Proximal aspect..
   Prox'imal,  from  proximua, ' next.'   Proxi-
 mate; nearest; next.
   Proximal  Aspect.  An aspect towards the
 trunk, in the course of an extremity. — Barclay.
 Proximad is used  by the same writer adverbially
 to signify ' towards the trunk.'
   PRUNA, Anthrax.
   PRUNE, Prunum.
   Prune Juice Expectora'tion or  Sputa. The
 sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the
 third or purulent stage of pneumonia.
   PRUNELLA, Angina pectoris, Aphtha?, Cy-
 nanche, Pupil.
   Prunel'la, P. vulga'ria seu officinalis, Bru-
 nel'la, Conaol'ida minor, Sym'phytum minue, Self-
 heal,  Heal-all,  Bugle, (F.)  Prnnelle,  Brunelle;
  Family, Labiatas.  Sex. Syat.  Didynamia Gym-
 nosperniia.  This  plant has been recommended
 as an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes; and,
 also, in  gargles against aphthas, and  in  inflam-
 mation of the fauces.
   PRUNELLjE SAL, Potassas nitras fusus sul-
 phatis paucillo mixtus.
   PRUAELLE,  Prunella, Pupil.
   PRUNELLIER, Prunus  spinosa.
   PRUNELLOE. Prunum Brignolenss.
   PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinosa.
   PRUNES, see Prunum — p. Pulp of, Pruni
  Pulpa.
   PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of  prunes.  Take of
  prunea  a  sufficient quantity, soften them in the
  vapour  of boiling water, and  having separated
  the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar
  and press through a hair-sieve. — Ph. U. S.
   PRUNIER, Prunus domestica—p. Sauvage,
  Prunus spinosa.
   PRUNUM.  A  Plum, a Prime.  Three sorts 
PRUNUS                 ?20               PSELLISMUS
of plums have been usually ranked amongst the
articles of the materia medica.  1. The Prunum
Brignolen'se ;  the  Brignole plum or Prunel'loe;
from Brignole in Provence.  It is of a reddish-
yellow colour; and  has a very •grateful, sweet,
subacid taste.  2. The  Prunum Gal'licum,  Pru-
num (Ph. U. S.), the French Prune ; and  3. The
Prunum  Damaece'num  or Damson,  Brab'ylon.
All these possess  the same general qualities as
the other summer fruits. They are emollient and
laxative.
   Prunum Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola.
   PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus.
   Prunus  Armeniaca, Armeni'aca vulga'ris seu
epiroti'ca.   The A'pricot, Apric.ock, Bericoc'ce,
QeptxoxKi), Pracoc'ia, (F.) Abricot. Family, Rosa-
ceas.   Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.   The
apricot, Melum Armeniacum, when ripe, is easily
digested, and  considered as a great delicacy.
   Prunus A'vium, P.cer'asus  seu sylvest'ris seu
macrophyl'ltt, Black Cherry Tree, Cer'aaua  A'ri-
um  seu  nigra seu dulcis,  (F.) Merisicr.   The
fruit is eaten ; and a gum exudes from the tree,
the properties of which are similar to those of gum
Arabic.
   Prunus  Capulin, (S.)  Capulies, grows in the
open fields of Peru ; and is cultivated in gardens in
the towns.  The fruit is acid, and not often eaten;
but on account of its agreeable odour it is used in
making Pucheroa de florea; or with odoriferous
flowers to perfume linen..— Tschudi.
   Prunes Ckr'asus, Cer'aaua ac"ida seu  horten'-
s'i8  seu  vulga'ris seu  rubra.  The  Red  Cherry
 Tree; (F.) Cerieier.   The fruit Cer'asum, Cera'-
sion, has a  pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour.  It
is wholesome.  See Prunus avium.
   Prunus  Domes'tica.  The  Plum or Damson
 tree, Coccyme'lea, Proline, (F.)  Prunier ordinaire.
 The damson,  when perfectly ripe, affords a whole-
 some  fruit  for pies, tarts, &c.  It is gently laxa-
 tive.  See Prunum.
   Prunus Hortensis, P.  cerasus.
   Prunus  Insi'tia.  The Bullace Plum  Tree.
 The fruit of this tree is used like the damson.
   Prunus Lauro-Cer'asus, Cer'aaua lauro-cera-
 sua, Padua  lauro-ceraaua,  Poison  Laurel, Cherry
 Laurel, Common Laurel, Lauro-cer'asus, (F.) Lau-
 rier-cerise,  L. amandier.   The leaves have a bit-
 ter, styptic taste, with the flavour of bitter al-
 monds.  The  flowers have a similar flavour. The
 powdered  leaves, applied to the nostrils,  excite
 sneezing.   The flavour of the leaves has  given
 occasion to their being employed in tarts, cus-
 tards, &c:  but in large quantities they  are poi-
 sonous.   The poisonous principle is the prussic
 acid.  The distilled water, called Laurel-water,
 is poisonous.   (See  Poisons, Table of.)
   Prunus  Macrophylla, P. avium.
   Prunus  Padus, Padus,  P. a'vium,  Cer'asus
 Padus, Cer'aaua racemo'aus sylves'tris, Wild clus-
 ter or Bird Cherry  Tree, (F.)  Cerisier d grappes,
 Bois puant.  The bark of the  tree has a fragrant
 smell, and a bitter sub-astringent taste, somewhat
 similar to  that of bitter almonds.  It has been
 recommended in intermittents, <!bc. in the form of
 decoction.  The berries have been used in dysen-
 tery.
   Prunus  Sebastina, Sebastina.
   Prunus  Spino'sa.   The Sloe  Tree, P. sylvea'-
 tria seu Aca'cia, Agriococcime'lea, Agru'na, Agru-
 ne'la, (F.)  Prunellier,  Prunier eaurage.  The
 fruit—the aloe—is sometimes employed in gargles,
 and was  formerly much used  in hemorrhage,
 owing to its astringent properties.  The  Aca'cia
 nostras seu German'ica seu vulga'ris,  Prune'ola
 sylves'tris,  Succus acacia nostra'tia,  S. Acacia
 Germanica inepiaaa'tua is obtained from this.
   Prunus  Sylvestris, P. Avium, P. Spinosa.
   Prunus  Virginia'na,  Cer'aaua  sero'tina,  C.
Virginia'na,  Wild Cherry  Tree, (F.)  Cerisier de
Virginie.   The bark of this tree has been found
useful in intermittents. Tho leaves arc poisonous
to certain animals, and the berries intoxicate dif-"
ferent kinds of birds.   The Indians use the bark
in the cure of syphilis.   It is bitter and astrin-
gent, and possesses some aromatic warmth,  and,
likewise, a narcotic quality.  It is stimulant and
tonic.   The  leaves contain  prussic  acid.   The
distilled oil of the bark is very nearly identical
with that of the bitter almond.  A strong decoc-
tion of the bark  is anthelmintic.
   Prunus Vulgaris, P. Padus.
   PRURIG'TNOUS, Prurigino'sna;  same  ety-
mon as the next.  Relating,  or belonging to, or
resembling prurigo.
   PRURI'GO, Pruri'tua, Chria'ma; from prurio,
'I itch.'  The word is often  used synonymously
with itching.  Willan and Bateman use the term
for a genus of cutaneous diseases, the character-
istic symptoms  of which  are a  severe itching,
accompanied by an eruption  of papula? of nearly
the same colour as the adjoining cuticle ; Cneamos,
Scabiea  papuliform'ia,  Exor'mia  pruri'go. It
affects the whole surface of the skin, under three
varieties of form ; — the P. mitia, P. formi'cana,
P. aeni'lia, &c. as well as some parts of the body,
as the P. pod'iris, and P.puden'di mulie'bria seu
Puden'dagra pru'riena.
   Prurigo, Heat—p. Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis.
.  PRUllIT, Itching.
   PRURITUS, Gargle, Itching,  Prurigo.
   PRUSSIAN BLUE, Ferrum Zoot'icnm, F. Bo-
rua'aicum, F. Cyanogena'tum, F. oxydnla'tum hy-
drocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anae, F. Ferrocya-
nure'tum, Borua'aiaa  Ferri, Caru'leum Borus'si-
cuni, G. Berolinen'se,  Pruaaiaa Ferri,  Hydrocy'-
anas Ferri, Ferri Cyanure'tum, Ferri 2>ercyan'i-
dum,  Trito-hydro-ferrocy'anate of iron, Ferrocy-
anuret of iron, Ferro-prua'elate of iron, (F.) Bleu
de Prusee.  In the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States,  the pure salt—Ferri ferrocyanuretum—is
directed to be made as follows : Ferri Sulph.£iv,
acid 8ulph. fgiiiss, acid nitric, f^vj or q. s., po-
taeaii ferrocyanuret. ^ivss,  aqua, Oij.  Dissolve
the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add-
ed the  sulphuric acid, boil  the  solution.  Pour
into it  the nitric acid, in small portions, boiling
the liquid for a minute or two after  each  addi-
tion, until it no longer produces a dark colour;
then allow the liquid to cool.  Dissolve the ferro-
cyanuret of potassium in the remainder of the
water, and add this solution gradually  to the first
liquid,  agitating the mixture after each addition;
then pour it upon a filter.   Wash the precipitate
with boiling water until the  washings  pass taste-
less.   Lastly, dry and rub  into powder.   This
salt is chiefly used in the preparation  of the hy-
droc37anic acid and the cyanuret  of mercury.  It
has been  advised in the treatment of intermit-
tents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis. Exter-
nally, it has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers.
 (gj t° §j> of cerate.)   Dose, four to six grains.
   PSALIDIUM, Fornix.
   PSALIS,  Fornix, Scissors.
   PSALTERIUM, Lyra.
   PSAMMA, see Gravel.
   PSAMMIS'MUS,  Ammia'mua, Gammia'mua,
from tpappos, ' sand.'  Arena'tio.   The  application
 of sand to any part of the  body for  the cure of
 disease. — Paulus.
   PSAMMODES, Sabulous.
   PSAMMUS,  see Gravel.
   PSELLIS'MUS,  ^eXXtapos, from  tf£XAtc>, 'I
 stutter.'   Imperfect or depraved  state of the arti-
 culation.  A genus in the class Pneumatiea,  order
 Phonica, of Good.
   Psellismus Nasitas, Rhinophonia— p.  Rho-
 tacismus, Rotacism. 
PSELOTES
721
PSOITIS
  PSELOTES, Balbuties.
  PSEUDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia pseu-
dacaeia.
  PSEUDAC'OE, Paeudaco'i'a, Pseudecdi'a,from
ij.cvc\ris, ' false,'and nicoi;,'audition.'  Peeudacu'eie.
False hearing.
  PSEUDACORUS, Iris pseudacorus.
  PSEUD/ESTIIE'SIA, Senaua perver'aua, from
i^evons, 'false,' and aioSavopai, 'I feel.'  Parapaia
illuao'ria, I'seudo'phe, Peeudaph'ia.   Depraved
feeling.  Imaginary sense of touch  or general
feeling in organs that have no existence.  Com-
mon to those who have suffered amputation; and
in hypochondriacs and the insane.
  PSEUDALEI  MORBI, Feigned diseases.
  PSEUDANGUSTURINUM, Brucine.
  PSEUDAPHE, Pseudassthesia.
  PSEU DART HRO'SIS, Pseudarticula'tio,
Pseud a rtic'ulna, Articula'tio notha  seu urtificia'-
lia, from ipevSni, ' false,' and apSpov, ' a joint.'  A
false joint or articulation.
  PSEUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis.
  PSEUDECOIA, Pseudacoe.
  PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS, Paraceph'alua, from
yl-ivoris,  'false,' and eyxetpaXov, 'the encephalon.'
A monster,  whose cranium  is open in its whole
extent, from before to behind, its base supporting
a vascular tumour.— G. St. Hilaire.
  PSEUDO, False—p. Asthma, Dyspnoea.   "
  PSEUDOBLEP'SIA, Pacudoblepeia,  Paeudo-
ra'aia, Suffu'eio oc'uli, from tpevSris, 'false,' and
(IXeipiS, ' sight.' Paeudopa'ia, Parop'aia illuao'ria,
Suffu'eio, Phantas'ma, False sight.  A  generic
name, used  by Cullen for perversion of vision.
See Metamorphopsia.
  PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Paropsis.
  PSEUDOCARCINOMA LABII, Cancer aqua-
ticus.
  PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymicum.
  PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false—p. Cye-
sis molaris,  Mole.
  PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrencephaloid
disease.
   PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid.
   PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Pseudogeu'sis,  Pseudo-
cjeua'tia, from tj-cvoris, 'false,' and yevois, 'taste.'
Hallncina'tio guatile.  False taste.
   PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia.
   PSEUDOHELMINTHES, Ectozoa.
   PSEUDOLI'EN, Paeudoaplen.  Glands situate
in  the  neighbourhood of the spleen;  probably,
lymphatic glands.
  * PSEUDOMECHOACANA.  Convolvulus pan-
duratus.
   PSEUDOMEDICUS, Charlatan.
   PSEUDOMELANOTIC FORMATIONS,  see
Anthracosis — p. Membrane, Membrane, false.
   Pseudomelanotic Meninx, Membrane, false—
p. Metamorphosis polyposa, Polypus.
   PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Membrane, false.
   PSEUDONARCISSUS, Narcissus pseudonar-
cissus.
   PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONTA,Peripneumonia
notha.
   PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULI RE-
SOLUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA,  Gastroma-
lacia.
   PSEUDOPIITHI'SIS.  False phthisis. Ema-
ciation occasioned  by other  cause than  organic
lesion of the lungs.
   PSEUDOPLAS'MATA, from 4-evins, 'false,'
and irXaoota,  ' I  form.'  A term applied to malig-
nant heterologous tumours. — Vogel.
   PSEUDOPLEURITIS, neurodynia —p.  Po-
lypi, see Polypi — p. Pyrethrum, Achillea ptar-
mica— p. Spleen, Pseudolien.
  PSEUDOPNEUMONTA,  Peripneumonia no-
tha.
  PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no-
tha.
  PSEUDOPSIA, Psendoblepsia.
  PSEUDORASIS, Pseudoblepsia,
  PSEUDOREX'IA, Paeudorex'ia, from ipevctis,
'false,' and ope&s, ' appetite.'  False appetite.
  PSEUDO-RHONCHUS,  from -.levins, 'false,'
and poyxos,  'rattle.'  A sound  heard during re-
spiration, which appears to  be produced, like the
ordinary rhonchi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior
to them—as in the case of pleural 2>aeudorhonchi.
See Rattle, and Rdle.
  PSEU DOS'MIA, Peeudoephre'aia, Peeudoa-
phre'aia, from ipcvons, 'false,' and oofii7, 'smell.'
False sense of smell.
  PSEUDOPHRESIA,  Pseudosmia.
  PSEUDOSYPHILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphilis.
   PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia.
  PSEUDOVARIOL.E, Varicella.
  PSEUDYMEN, Membrane, false.
  PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM.   The Apple Gua-
va, Guava, Guayava.  This plant aud P. Pyrif-
erum bear fruits ;  those of the former like apples,
— of the latter like pears.  The apple  kind has
an acid flavour, the other is sweet.   Of the inner
pulp of  either, the natives  of the Indies  make
jellies ; and, of the outer rind, tarts, marmalades,
&c.  They are somewhat astringent;  this qua-
lity, indeed, exists in every part of the tree, and
abundantly in the leaf-buds, which are  occasion-
ally boiled with barley and liquorice as  an excel-
lent drink in  diarrhoea.  A simple decoction  of
the leaves is said to  be useful in  the  itch, and
most cutaneous eruptions.
  PSILOSIS, Depilation.
  PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba, Depilatory.
  PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas.
  PSOA, Dysodia.
  PSOjE, Peoia,  Peya, Lumbi, 'the loins,' Alop'-
ecea, Nejfhrome'tra,  Neurome'tree.  The  psoas
muscles.
   PSOAS MAGNUS, Paoaa seu lumba'ria inter'-
7i?i8, Pri-lombo-trochantin,  Pre-lombo-trochnn-
tinien  (Ch.), Femur moven'tinm  aextua.  A mus-
cle, seated on the lateral parts of the lumbar por-
tion of the vertebral column ; and passing down
to the  superior and anterior part of the  thigh.  It
is long,  fusiform, and  attached, above, to  the
body  and transverse processes of the first four
lumbar vertebras, and last dorsal.  Below,  it ter-
minates, by a very thick tendon, common  to it
and the iliacus muscle, — which is inserted into
the top  of the lesser trochanter.   This muscle
bends  the thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it in
rotation  outwards.  It may, also, bend  the pelvis
on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis.  It acta
considerably in station and progression.
   Psoas Parvus, Pre-lombo-pubien,  (Ch.)   A
muscle situate anteriorly to the last.  It is long,
thin, flat, and narrow; and is attached, above, to
the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and below,
to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means of  a slender
tendon,  whieh furnishes two expansions — one to
the 7/i'ne aponeuroaia, and the other to the pelvia.
This muscle  bends the  vertebral column on the
pelvis; and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the ver-
tebral column.
   PSODYMUS, Gastrodidymus.
   PSOI.E. Psoas.
   PSOfTE, Psoitis.
   PSOITIS, Inflamma'tio mua'culi. Psoas, Lim-
 ba'go inflammalo'ria spaamod'ica, (F.) Peoite,  In- 
                   PSOLE                   7:

ftammafion du muscle Paoae.   From  4'0ah  'the
loins,' and itia, denoting inflammation.   Inflam-
mation of the psoas muscles  and of the  parts
situate before the lumbar vertebras: accompanied,
from  its commencement,  by considerable fever,
violent pains in the part affected and in the thigh
of the same side, which remains commonly half
bent.  Psoitis  may terminate by suppuration, and
form lumbar abscess.
  PSOLE,  \l>ii)Ai7,  'the male organ.'   Also, the
glans when uncovered.
  PSOLON, Membrosus.
  PSOLON'CUS,  from dwAri,  and oyxos, 'a tu-
mour.'  Swelling of the glans, or of the  penis
generally.
  PSOLUS, from -0 wAi?.  One who has the glans
uncovered.  One who has been circumcised.
  PSOPHOMETER, Stethoscope.
  PSOPHOS,  ipotpos, 'a noise.'  A loud noise;  a
hollow sound.
  PSORA, from tpoito, 'I touch, I feel.'  Sca'biee,
Phlysis Scabiea, Ecpye'aia Scabiea,  Scabiola, Itch,
Scratch, Scotch fiddle, (F.) Gale, Mal Saint-Main,
Rogue.  A  contagious eruption of very minute
pimples—pustular, vesicular, papular, intermixed,
and alternating, itching intolerably and termina-
ting in scabs.   It seems to be connected with an
insect of the  genus Acarua; — the Ac'arua seu
Sarcop'tea seu Safcop'tua seu Phthi'rium seu Chey-
le'tua Scabiei, Ac'arue Ciro, Itch-ineect, (F.) Ciron.
The itch occupies, particularly, the spaces between
the fingers, the back of the hands, wrists, elbows,
axillae, groins, hams, <fec, and rarely affects the
face.   The  best applications, for its cure, are,—
the  Unguentum Sulphuria  or  Ung. Sulph. comp.
night and morning; but the unpleasant smell of
the sulphur has given occasion to the use of other
means; — as the White Hellebore, Potaaa in  deli-
queacence, Muriate of Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid,
&c.   The repugnance to  the smell  of  sulphur
ought not,  however, to be  regarded; especially
as, in the course of four or five days, it will, in
almost all cases, produce a perfect cure.
  Psora Agria, Psoriasis inveterata—p. Lepro-
sa, Psoriasis — p. Squamosa, Psoriasis.
  PSORA'LEA  GLANDULO'SA, Alvaquil'la.
Family, Leguminosas.  Sex. Syat. Diadelphia De-
eandria.  A shrub, used in Chili as a. vulnerary.
  Psora'lea  Pentaphyl'la,  Paora'lia, Contra-
yer'va nova, Mex'ican Contrayer'va.   The root is
little, if at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its
medical properties;  which, by the by, are unim-
portant.
  PSORALIA, Psoralea pentaphylla.
  PSORENTERIA, Cholera.
  PSORI'ASIS, formerly, the  state of being af-
fected with ij/topa. Lepido'eie paori'aaia, Serpe'do,
Serpi'go, Impeti'go (of some), Scti'biea eic'ca, S.
feri'na, Paora lepro'ea, P. sqitamo'ea, Scaly Tet-
ter, Dry Scale, Dry Seall, (F.) Dartre equameuae
lichenoide,  D. icailleuae, Gratelle, Gate miliare,
G. canine ou eeche.   A cutaneous affection,  con-
sisting of patches  of rough, armorphous scales;
continuous,  or of indeterminate  outline;   skin
often  chappy.   Psoriasis occurs under a consi-
derable variety of forms.  The surface, under the
scales, is more tender and  irritable than in lepra,
which  psoriasis, in some respects, resembles. Dr.
VVillan  has  given  names  to eleven varieties of
psoriasis: the  chief  of which  are the Paoriasia
gutta'ta, P. diffu'aa  (one  form of which  is the
Baker'e Itch and Grocer's Itch, and another, the
Waeherwoman'e  Scall), the P. gyra'ta,  and P.
invetera'ta  seu Paora a'gria.  The  treatment of
psoriasis must be antiphlogistic, with the internal
use of the fixed alkalies, sulphur, &o.   The irri-
2                PSYLLIUM

table kinds do better without any local applica-
tion.   The more local and less inflammatory are
ameliorated by emollient and soothing applica-
tions ;  or  by slightly stimulating  means,  sea-
bathing, the Ung.  hydrarg.  nitrico-oxyd., Ung.
oxidi zinci, <tc.
  PSO'RICUS.  That which has the  naturo of
itch.   A medicine for curing  the itch.
  PSOROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia  tarsi —p.
Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infan-
tum).
  PSY.E, Psoas.
  PSYCHAGOGA, Psychagogica.
  PSYCHAGO'GICA, Peychago'ga, from un^r,,
'life,' 'soul/ and ayia, 'I lead.' Medicines which
resuscitate, when life seems  extinct; as in syn-
cope and apoplexy.
  PSYCHE, Anima.
  PSYCHIATRI'A,  from -tvxv,  'mind,'  and
inrptia, 'healing.'   Treatment of diseases of the
mind.
  PSYCHICAL, Pey'chicua, from 4vXn' 'mind.'
That which relates to the mind or mental endow-
ments.   Paychological is not unfrequently  used
with the like signification.
  PSYCHOLOGICAL, see Psychical.
  PSYCHOLOGY, Peychoiog"ia,   from ^17,
'mind,' and Xoyos, 'discourse.'  A treatise on the
intellectual and  moral faculties.   Also, the intel-
lectual and moral faculties or sphere.
  PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, Peychonoaolog"ia, from
uVm^i;,  ' mind,' voaos, ' disease,' and Aoyos, ' a de-
scription.'  The doctrine of, or a treatise on, dis-
eases of the mind.
  PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses.
  PSYCHOR'AGES, Agoni'zana, Moribun'dua,
Mor'ibund, from 4'VX1> ' mind,' and payn, ' rup-
ture.'  Dying.   In  Articuto  Mortie.  Moribund
means, also, one who is dying.
  PSYCHORAGIA, Agony,  Death.
  PSYCHORRHAGIA,  Agony, Death.
  PSYCHOS, Cold.
  PSYCHO'SES, from ^vxv,  ' mind.'  Neuroses
of the intellect.  Diseases of the  mind.  Pay-
chop'athiee.
  PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica.
  PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptica—p. Emetica, Ipe-
cacuanha.
  PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betonica officinalis.
  PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from uV
XP»s, 'cold,' and Aouoi, 'I wash.'  A cold bath.
  PSYCHROPHOBTA,  from ^xpos, 'cold,' and
tpofios,  ' fear.'  Dread of cold, especially of  cold
water.  Impressibility to cold.
  PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants.
  PSYDRA'CIA,   quasi, xpvxpa  'vSpaxta, 'cold
drops.'   The ancients sometimes used this term
for pimples ; at others, for vesielea.   Willan and
Bateman define Pay'dracitim  to be, a small  pus-
tule, often irregularly circumscribed,  producing
but a slight elevation  of the cuticle, and termi-
nating in a laminated scab.  Many of the psy-
dracia usually appear together, and become  con-
fluent; and, after the discharge of pus, they  pour
out a  thin, watery humour; which  frequently
forms  an irregular incrustation.  Frank limits
the term to  a psoriform eruption, which differs
from itch in not originating from an insect, and
is  not contagious; — perhaps  the lichen.  Au-
thors have  differed  regarding its acceptation.
  Psydracia Acne, Acne.
  PSYLLIUM,  Plantago psyllium—p. Ereetum,
Plantago psyllium. 
PTARMICA
723
PTERYGOID
      PTARMICA, Achillea ptarmica—p. Monta
    Arnica montana.
      PTAR.MF'CI'M, Errhine, Sternutatory.
      PTARMOS, Sneezing
      IT E LEA, Ulmus.
      PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas.
      Pteris  Aquili'na, 'Eagles' Wings,' so called
    from its leaves.  Pter'ia, Thelyp'teris, Filix Nym-
    pha'a  seu fe'mina, Aspte'nium aquili'num, Com-
    mon Brake or Female Fern; Eagle Fern, Ilracken,
    (F.)  Fougere femelle, La grande  Fougere.  Nat.
    Ord. Filices.   The  root is  considered to be an-
    thelmintic ; and as efficacious as that of the male
    fern  in cases of tapeworm.
      Pteris  Palustris, Asplenium filix foemina.
      PTERNA, Calcaneum.
      PTERNIUM, Calcaneum.
      PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus.
      PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see  Kino—p.
    Marsupium, see Kino—p. Sandalinus, P. Santa-
    linus.
      Pterocar'pus  Santali'nus, P. SandaU'nus,
    Saii'tiilum  seu San'dalum Rubrum, Red Sanders
    or Saunders Tree, (F.) Santal rouge.  Family,
    Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst. Diadelphia  Decandria.
    Red  Saunders  wood, San'talum (Ph.  U. S.,) Lig-
   .nuin  sand ali'num is used only as a colouring mat-
    ter :  it gives to rectified spirit a fine deep  red.
    The  juice of this tree, like  that of P. Draco, af-
    fords a species of Dragon'a Blood.
      PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDEA, Scaly Dra-
    gon claw,  Dragon, root, Fever root, Albany beech-
    drop.  An indigenous plant,  Nat. Ord. Mono-
    tropeas, Sex. Syat. Decandria Monogynia:—found
    in the state of New York, which blossoms in July.
    The root  has bee*n  regarded as an anthelmintic,
    diuretic, emmenagogue, <fec.: but it is not used.
      PTERYG'ION, Ptcryg'ium,  Ala, from irrepvt,
    'awing.'   A small wing.  Onyx, Pyo'eia, Unguia,
    (F.)  Drapeau, Onglet.  A  varicose excrescence
    of  the  conjunctiva, of a triangular  shape,  and
    commonly  occurring at the inner angle of the
    eye;  whence it extends over the cornea.  Some-
    times two or three  pterygia occur on  the same
    eye,  and  cover the whole  cornea with a thick
    veil, which totally prevents vision.  According to
    Scarpa, the ancients gave the  name Pannic'nlua
0s  to this  last complication.  If the  pterygion can-
    not be dispelled by means of discutient collyria,
    it must be removed  by the scissors.
      PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula—p. Digiti,
    Paronychia—p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula—p. Pin-
    gue, Pinguecula.
      PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE, Ptery-
    goideus internus—p. Colli-maxillairr, Pterygoid-
    eus externus—p. Maxillaire, grand, Pterygoideus
    internus—p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus  ex-
    ternus—p. Palatine  canal, Pterygoid  canal — p.
    Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis—p. Staphy-
    linus, Circumflexus.
     VTER'Y(iO-VAV'ATINF,, Pterygo-Palati'nus.
    That  which belongs  to the pterygoid process and
    palate.
     Pterygo-Palatine Artery or Superior pha-
    ryngeal is a very small artery, and is given off by
    the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo-
    matic fossa : after having  passed through  the
    pterygo-palatine canal, it is distributed  to  the
    superior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid bone,
    and the Eustachian tube.
     Pterygo-Palatine Canal.   A small canal,
   formed by  the internal ala of the pterygoid pro-
    cess, and  the palate bone.  It gives  passage to
   the vessels of the same name.
     PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS INTERNUS,
   Levator palati—p. Syndeamo-etaphyli-pharyngien,
   Constrictor pharyngis.
     PTERYGOIDS, Alatus.                     I
   PTER'YGOID, Pterygoi'des, Pterygoideus, Ali-
 for'mis; from ttlov^, 'a wing,' and t«5oj, 'form.'
 A name  given to two proceeses at the inferior sur-
 face of the sphenoid bone ; the two lamina? which
 form  them  having been  compared  to wings.
 These ala or wings or proceaeea,—Procea'eua ali-
 form'es,—have  been distinguished, according to
 their position, into  internal and external.
   Pterygoid Artery, Vid'ian Artery, Ram'ulus
 Ductua Pterygoidei, A rte'ria pharynge'a supre'ma,
 arises from the internal maxillary  artery, at the
 bottom of the zygomatic  fossa,  and enters the
 pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same name,
 to proceed to be distributed on the Eustachian
 tube and  velum palati.   The  name, pterygoid
 arteries, is likewise  given to the branches, which
 the internal  maxillary and some of its divisions,
 as the meningea media, and posterior temporalis
 profunda, furnish to the pterygoid muscles, be-
 hind the neck of the lower jaw.
   Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid.
   Pterygoid Canal,  Vid'ian canal, Ductus pte-
 rygoideus, Cana'lis  Vidia'nus, (F.) Conduit ptery-
 go'idien  ou Vidien, Pterygo-palatine canal, is a
 narrow channel, which traverses, in a  direction
 from before to behind, the base  of the  pterygoid
 process, and gives passage to the pterygoid nerve.
 The foramina of the sphenoid,  which  terminate
 the  canals, have the same epithets applied  to
 them.
   Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Pterygdidea, (F.)
 Fosse pterygoidienne  ou pterygtiitlc,  is  the de-
 pression which separates the two lamina? or alas
 of the pterygoid process.
   Pterygoid Mus'cles, Ala'res mns'culi, AU-
 form'es  mua'culi, are two in  number.   1. The
 Pterygoidena externua,  P.  minor, (F.)  Pterygo-
 colli-maxillaire, Petit  Pterygo-maxillaire (Ch.)
 Petit-  pt6rygo'idien, Pterygoid ten externe,  is  a
 thick, short muscle, which arises, by short apo-
 neuroses, from the  outer surface of the external
 ala of the pterygoid process, and from  the outer
 surface of the  great ala of the sphenoid bone;
 and  is inserted at  the anterior part of the neck
 of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding part
 of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage.   This muscle
 draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter-
 articular ligament forwards.  It carries the chin
 forwards, and to the opposite side.  If the two
 external pterygoids  act together, the jaw is car-
 ried  directly  forwards.  2.  The Pterygoidena in-
 ternus, P.  major, Masae'ter intern'ua, Latent  in
 Ore,  (F.)  Grand Pterygo-maxillaire,  Pterygo-
 angnli-maxillaire, Grand Pterygo'idien ou Ptery-
 go'idien interne.   A thick,  quadrilateral  muscle,
 which is attached by short  and very strong apo-
 neuroses ; above, to the pterygoid fossa, whence
 it proceeds downwards, backwards, and outwards,
 to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus
 of the lower jaw, near its angle.  This muscle
 raises  the lower jaw, and  carries it a little for-
 wards.  It also performs the grinding motion.
  Pterygoid NervEs.   These  are  two in num-
 ber.    I.  The Pterygoid or Vid'ian A'erre.   It
 arises  from  the  posterior  part of  the spheno-
 palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of
 the sphenoid  ; and,  beyond, divides into two fila-
 ments.  1.  A auperior or cranial, A"ervus auperfi-
 cia'lia sive petro'ana, which ascends  into the cra-
nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite
 with the facial nerve.  2. An inferior or carotid,
 Nerrus profundus sive major, whieh traverses the
carotid canal,  and  unites with  the  ascending
branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the
trisplanchnic.  n.  The Pterygoid  A'erre,  pro-
perly so called, A'ervus musculi pterygoidei,  is
given off by the inferior maxillary blanch of th»
5th pair. 
PTERYG0ID1EN
724
PUDIBILIA
  PTERYGOlDIEN GRAND on INTERNE,
Pterygnideus internus—/). Externe, Pterygoideus
externus—/). Petit, Pterygoideus externus.
  PTERYGO'MA.  Same  etymon.  A  wing; a
proiecting or pendulous body.   A swelling of the
vulva, whieh prevents coition.—M. A. Sevennus.
  PTERYX, Ala.
  PTILOSIS,  Deplumatio, Madarosis.
  PTISAN A,  Tisane — p. Communis, Decoctum
hordei compositum—p. Hippocratica, Decoctum
hordei.
   PTISSANA, Tisane.
   PTOCIII ATER, Ptochia'trus, same etymon as
 the next.  A physician to the poor, or to an esta-
 blishment for  the poor.                   ;
   PTOCHIATRI'A,  from  irru>xos, 'poor,  and
 tarocia,  'healing.'   Practice  amongst  the  poor-
 Also, an institution  for the treatment of the dis-
 eases of the poor.
   PTOCHOCOMFUM, from maxoi, 'a poor per-
 son,' and -coiuui, 'I take care of;' Ptochodochi'um,
 Ptochotiiephe'um.  An almshouse.
   PTOCHOIJOCHIUM, Ptochocomium.
   PTOCIIOTROPHEUM, Ptochocominm.
   PTOMA, Cadaver.
   PTOSIS, Prolapsus —p. Bulbi oculi, iixopn-
 thalmia.                        .  ,.,.,.   T-
   Ptosis Ir'idis, Iridoce'le, Her'nia Ir'idie, Iri-
 donto'sis, Prolap'aua Iridia, from  irrtaois,  a tatt-
 inn-'  A prolapsus  of the iris through a wound
 of°the cornea.  It is known by a blackish tubercle,
 which projects a little from the cornea in  various
  forms.                   .       .
    Ptosis Palpebra, Blepharoptosis.
    PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue.
    PTYALIN, see Saliva.
    PTYALISM, Salivation.
    PTYAL IS ME ME R C UR I EL,  Salivation,
  mercurial.                                 ...
   • PTYALISMUS, Salivation—p. Acutus melli-
  tus see Salivation—p. Acutus sympatheticus, see
  Salivation-p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, mercu-
  rial—p. Iners, Slavering—p. Mercurialis, Saliva-
  tion, mercurial—p. Pyrosicus, Pyrosis.
     PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue.
     PTYALON, Saliva.
     PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant,  Sialogogue.
     PTYELON, Saliva, Sputum.
     PTYSIS, Exspuition.
     PTYSMA, Saliva.
     PTYSMAGOGUE, Sialogogue.
     PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptysmatos'cheaia, from
   irrvopa, 'sputum,' and iov/1"' 'to retain.'  Sup-
   pression of  pulmonary expectoration.
      PTYSMATOSCHESIS, Ptysmatisehesis.
      PUANTEUR,  Dysodia.
      PUBENS, Ephebus.
      PUBER, Ephebus.
      PU'BERAL;  same etymon  as Puberty,  de-
   lating or appertaining to the age of  puberty—as
   ' a, puberal  disease.'
      PURE RE, Ephebus.
      PUBERTAS, Ephebia.
      PU'BERTY,  Pubertae, Hebe, Pubea,  Aphro-
    dia'ia, Ephebi'a, Ephe'bia, Ephe'botea, Ephebo'-
    ayne, Pubea'cence, from pubeacere,  'to begin  to
    have hair on the  chin  and sexual organs.'  The
    period of life at which young people  of both sexes
    are  pubea'cent or nubile.  According to tho civil
    law, puberty occurs at 12 years in  females, and
    14 in males.  The period varies somewhat in dif-
    ferent climates,  and in different individuals of
    the same climate.
      PUBES. Epia'chion, Epicten'ion,  Cteia, Pecten;
    the  Pubic region.  Same  etymon.   The middle
    part of the hypogastric region ; so called, because
    it is  covered with hair,  in both sexes,  at the
period of puberty.  The hair i * also called Pubes,
Lanu'qo  seu Pili,  Pudendo'rum  Planta'num;
and, of old, pubertae signified the same.
  Pubes, Puberty.
  PUBESCENCE, Puberty.
  PUBESCENT, see Puberty.
  PUBLEUS, Pubic.               .
  PUBIC   Pu'bian,  Pu'bicue,  Pubia ue,  (V.)
 Pubien.  That which belongs to or concerns the

 PUPubic Arch or Arch of the Pubia, (F.) Arcade
 pitbienne.  The  arch at the anterior part of the
 inferior circumference  of the pelvis.  It is more
 expanded in the female than in the male; to cor-
 respond with the additional functions which she
 has to execute.                       .  D ,.
   Pubic  Articula'tion,  or Syni'phyau Pubia,
 results from the junction of the ossa pubis.  Ihe
 medium of union is cartilage.           nr,,n„.
   Pubic  Lig'aments are two very solid, fibrous
 fasciae, situate before and beneath the symphysis
 pubis, which they strengthen.  The one is called
 the anterior pubic ligament; the other the mfe-
 rior or aubpubic.                 ■      .    ,
   Pubic Region, Re'gio  Pubis.  The region of
 the pubes.
   PUBIEN, Pubic.
   PUB IO-COCCYG IE N-ANNUL AIRE,
  Pubio-coceyge'ua annula'ria.   Dumas gave this
  name  to  the levator ani and ischio-.coceygeus,
  which he considers a single  muscle.
    PUBIO-COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, Leva-
  tor Ani -p. FSmoral, Pectinalis-p. Femoral.s,
  Adductor longus  femoris— p.  Ombiheal,  Pyra-
  midalis  abdominis-p. Prostatic™, Compressor
  prostatas -p. Sous-ombilical, Pyramidalis abdo-
  minis— p. Sternal, Rectus  abdominis—p. Ure-
  thral, see Compressor Urethra?.         _
    PUBIS  OS, Episei'on,  Episi'on, Epis'ehion,
  Share Bone, Bar-bone, Os Pec'Hnia.  The ante-
  rior part of the os innominatum ;  so called  be-
  cause it corresponds  to the genita organs and
  pubic region.   The angle of the pubia is formed
  by the union of the body and rami of each side.
     PUB'LKLE PARTES.  Those organs are so
   called, the object of whose functions is the nutri-
   tion of  all the others.   Such are the digestive
   and respiratory organs.
     PUCCOON, Sanguinaria Canadensis—p. Red,
   Sanguinaria Canadensis-p. Yellow, Hydrastis
   Canadensis.
     PUCE, Pulex irritans— p. Maligne,  see  An-
   thrax— p. Penetrante,  Chique.
     PUCELAGE, Virginity.
     PUCELLE, Virgin.              .
     PUDDING-GRASS, Mentha pulegium.
     PUDENDA, Genital organs.
     Pudenda Virorum, Pudibilia.
     PUDEND'AGRA.   A hybrid word; from pu-
   denda,  (pudere, 'to he ashamed,') 'the genital
   organs,' and the Greek aypa, 'a seizure.   Accord-
    ing  to  some, this term means pain in the genital
    parts :  Dolor pudendo'rum, Men'tulagra, JLdao-
    dyn'ia; according to others, it is synonymous
    with syphilis.                 .        ,.
      Pudendagra Pruriens, Prurigo pudendi niu-

     ^PUDEN'DAL HER'NIA.  Hernia, which de-
    scends between the vagina and ramus ischii, and
    forms an oblong tumour in the labium;  traceable
    in the  pelvis, as far as the os uteri.
      PUDENDALIS  LONGUS  INFERIOR,  see
    Sciatic nerve, lesser..
      PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva—p. Muliebre,
    Vulva.
      PUDENDVS, Pudic.
      PUDIBILTA; from pudere, 'to be  ashamed. 
PUDIC
725
PULMONARIA
The male genital organs; Gcm'ta'lia Viri, Viril'ia,
f'enail'ia, Iiietrunieii'ta, Puden'dii viro'rum, Pon-
t'ua.
  PUDIC, Piuli'cua,  Pwlen'dus,  (F.)  Honteux.
Same  etymon.   That which causes shame.  A
name given to the genital organs  as well as to
different other parts.                           '
  Pudic Arteries are distributed  to the organs
of generation.  They are,—1. The internal Pudic,
Arteria  Pudi'ca,  A.  pudcn'tla commu'nia,  (E.)
Artere honteuse interne, A. Sona-pubicnne (Ch.),
Gcn'ltiil Ar'tery.  It is furnished by the hypo-
gastric, and divides  into two branches; the  one
— the inferior or perineal — which gives off the
inferior hemorrhoidal  and the artery of the sep-
tum ; and the other—the  superior,  (F.)  Ischiope-
nicnue — which furnishes the transverse perineal
artery, and divides into two branches; the artery
of the corpus carcrnosum,  and the dorsalis penis,
This  latter, in the female, has the name  Dorsa'lis
Clitor'idis.  2. The external, Pudic Arteries, (F.)
Arteres scrota/es  ou  ru/rairee (Ch.), A.  honteuaes
extcmes, which are two in number.  The one is
superficial or subcutaneous, and the other deep-
seated or subaponeurotic.   They  are  given off
from  the femoral  artery,  or  some  one of its
branches;  and are  distributed to  the  external
parts of generation.
  Pudic Nerve, (F.) Nerf honteux, Nerf ischio-
penien ou Ischio-clitorien  (Ch.), is a branch fur-
nished by the sacral plexus, which  is distributed
to the genital organs; and especially, to  the penis
in man, and the clitoris in the female.
  PU'ERILE, Pueri'lis,  from puer, 'a child,'
(F.) Respiration puirile, R.  exageree, R. supple-
mentaire, R. hypervesiculaire.  A  term applied
to the respiration when it  is heard loud through
the stethoscope, as in healthy children.
  PUERILITAS, Dementia of the aged.
  PUERLTIA, see Age.
  PUER'PERA, from^jner, 'a child,' andparere,
'to bring forth.'   Tokaa, Lochoa, Enix'a, Lecho,
a  lying-in woman, (F.) Femnie en Couche,  Ac-
couehce.   A female  in child-bed.   One recently
delivered.
   PUER'PERAL, Puerpera'lia; from puerpera.
Relating to parturition and its  consequences.
  Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida-
rum et parturientium.
  Puer'peral  Fever.   Any fever  occurring
during the puerperal state—Febria puerpera'rum,
Lechop'yra, Lochioctxlii'tia,  Lochiop'yra, Child-
bed fever.  Most commonly restricted  to a ma-
lignant variety of peritonitis.
  PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state.
   PUERPEROUS, Parturient.
   PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration.
   PUFF-BALL,  Lycoperdon, Leontodon taraxa-
cum.
   PUF'FINESS, from (D.)  poffen, 'to blow:'
Infla'tio, Suffia'tio; Tumefac'tio mollis, (F.) Bouf-
Jissttre, Boursouflure.  A soft intumescence, with-
out redness, whieh may be partial or general, and
be produced by accumulation of serous fluid, ex-
travasation  of blood, effusion of air into the sub-
cutaneous areolar tissue, &c.  Puffiness is  most
frequently seen in the face  and legs; and some-
times appears around a wound.
   PUGIL'LUS,  Drax, Dra'chion, from pugnus,
'the  fist.'  Dragmci,  Dragmis,  (F.) Pincee.   The
quantity of any substauce, which may  be taken
with  the end of two or three fingers.  The eighth
part of a handful.                     ,
   PUISSA.XUE DU MOULE  INTERlEUR,
Plastic force.
   PUKE, Emetic.
   PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata.
   PUKING,  Vomiting, Regurgitation.
  PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium—p. Cervinum,
Mentha cervina.
  PULEX IRRITANS.  The common flea. (F.)
Puce.  A parasitic insect found on the bodies of
man and animals.
  Pulex Penetrans, Chique.
  PULICARIA DYSENTERICA, Inula dysen-
terica.
  PULICA'RIS,  Puliciila'ris,  from  pulex, ' a
gnat.'  An epithet  given to cutaneous eruptions
resembling gnat-bites; — and, also, to diseases in
which such eruptions occur.
  Pulicaris Herba, Plantago psyllium.
  PULLNA, MINERAL AVATERS  OF.  These
Bohemian springs contain sulphates of soda and
magnesia, and chloride of magnesium.
  PULMO, Pulmo'nes,  by  transposition of the
letter I from pleumon, irXevptav;  Pueumon,  Pleu-
mon, Spiramen'tum an'ima, Ergaste'rion spir'itus,
Flabell'um et rentila'brum cordis, the Liunj.   The
essential organ of respiration,  which is double,
and occupies the two sides  of the chest.   The
lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible, com-
pressible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the
two cavities of the thorax, and are separated from
each other by  the  mediastinum and the  heart.
The right lung,  which is  shorter and broader
than the left, is divided, by two oblique fissures,
into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu Ala pulmo'num.
The left has only  two  lobes, and  consequently
only one fissure.  At the internal surface of those
organs, which is slightly concave, there is,  about
the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and
pulmonary vessels,  and called, by anatomists, the
root of the lungs, (F.) Racine des Ponmons.  Es-
sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongations
and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul-
monary arteries and veins,—the divisions of which
are supported by a  fine, areolar tissue.
  When the surface of the lungs is examined in a
clear light, we may see, even through the pleura,
that their parenchyma is formed by the aggrega-
tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu-
larly spheroid  or ovoid shape, full  of air, and
separated by white and opake septa.  These ve-
sicles are  called  Air-cells, Spiramen'ta seu Spi-
rant'ina seu Cell'nice Pulmo'num.  Along the par-
titions or  septa is  deposited, in greater or less
quantity,   black  pulmonary matter,  (F.) Ma-
Here pulmonaire noire,  as it  has been  called,
which  seems to be natural.   Sometimes it is seen
in points ;  at others, in spots.  The colour  of the
lungs varies according to age and other circum-
stances.   In youth, it is more red; and  after-
wards,  grayish or  bluish ; often, as  if marbled.
The pleura pulmonalis is  their investing  mem-
brane.  The air is carried to the lungs by  means
of  the trachea  and bronchia.  The black venous
blood, which requires oxygenation, is conveyed to
them from the heart, by the pulmonary artery;
and when it has undergone this  change, it is
returned  to  the heart by  the  pulmonary  veins.
The blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition of
the lungs  are  the  bronchial arteries and  veins.
The pulmonary lymphatics  are very numerous.
Some are superficial; others, deep-seated.   They
pass, for  the most part, into the bronchial gan-
gliona  or glanda.   The nerves are furnished by
the pulmonary plexus.
.   PULMONAIRE DES FRANCAIS,  Hiera-
cium murorum.
   PULMONA'RIA, P. ojficina'lia, P. Mcc'lc,,*,
 P. Maciiln'aa, Lungwort, Spotted Lungwort,  Jeru'-
s,il. m  Con-slip, Jerusalem Sage, Spotted. Comfrey,
(F.) Sauge de Jerusalem.  Family,  Boragineas.
.SV.r. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.   The  leaves
of this plant have  been used as demulcents and
pectorals; partly from their resemblance to  lungs, 
PULMONARY
726
PULSE
and, partly, because they have a slightly mu-
cilaginous taste.  The plant is not worthy of no-
tice,             v
  Pulmonaria, Pneumonia—p. Arborea, Lichen
pulmonarius — p.  Gallica, Hieracium  murorum—
p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria.
  PUL'MONARY, Pulmona'ria, Pulmona'lia.
That which relates  or belongs to the lungs.   A
name given to various parts.
  Pulmonary  Artery, Arte'ria pulmona'ria,
 Vena arterio'aa,  arises  from  the upper and left
part of the right  ventricle of the heart;  whence
it passes obliquely  upwards and to the left side;
dividing into two  trunks, opposite  the second
dorsal vertebra—one passing to each lung.  At
its  origin, it is furnished with three sigmoid  or
semilunar valves.  It carries the blood  to the
lungs for aeration.
  Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo.
  Pulmonary  Plexus, Plexua pulmona'ria.   A
considerable nervous network, situate behind the
bronchia, which is formed by the filaments of the
pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by cither
filaments from the  inferior cervical ganglion and
the first thoracic ganglia.   This plexus forms a
kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes  of
different sizes, in which vessels are  lodged, sur-
rounded by much  areolar tissue.    This plexus
sends filaments to  the  bronchia, which they ac-
company to their extremities.
  Pulmonary Veins, Vena  pulmona'ree, Arte'-
ria veno'sa.  These arise in the lungs from the
final terminations  of the arteries of  the same
name;  collect  in ramusculi and rami of greater
and greater size, and  ultimately  unite in four
trunks;  two of  which  issue from each lung  to
 open into the left auricle of  the heart.   The pul-
monary veins  have the same structure  as the
 other veins of the body; from which they differ,
in  containing arterial blood, as the  pulmonary
artery differs from the others in conveying venous
 blood.  They carry the blood back to the heart

  PULMONES  TARTARIZATI, Lithiasis pul-
 monum.
  PULMONIA, Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneumonia.
  PULMON'IC,  Pulmon'icua, Pnenmon'icus, Pul-
 mona'rius, Pneumon'ic.  One affected with phthisis
 —one labouring under diseases of the lungs. Any
 thing relating or  belonging to the lungs.  A me-
 dicine for the lungs.
  PULP, Pulpa, Pidpia'mcn, Sarx.  The soft and
parenchymatous parts of vegetables reduced to a
paste by the operation of pulping.
  Pulp of the Tooth, Dental pulp.
  PULPA  CASSINE, see Cassia fistula—p. Den-
tis,  Dental pulp — p. Pruni, see Pruni pulpa—p.
Prunorum  sylvestrium condita, Conserva  pruni
sylvestris — p. Tamarindi, see Tamarindi pulpa.
  Pulpa Testis, I'arcn'chyma testis.   The pa-
renchyma of  the testis.
  PULPAMEN, Pulp.
  PULPE DENTAIRE, Dental pulp.
  PULPEZIA, Apoplexy.
  PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pulpa'tio.  An opera-
tion— the  object of which  is to  reduce certain
vegetable  substances to a pulp.   For this pur-
pose, they are bruised in  a  mortar,  and then
passed  through  a hair sieve,  by  the aid of a
wooden spatula, called a Pit/per, (F.) Pulpoire.
  PULPOIRE, see Pulping.
  PULQUE, see Agave Americana.
  PULS EX OVIS et LACTE, Oogala.
  PULSATILLA  NIGRICANS, Anemone pra-
tensis—p. Pratensis, Anemone pratensis—p. Vul-
garis, Anemone Pulsatilla.
  PULSATILLE  NOIRE, Anemone pratensis
—p. des Free, Anemone pratensis.
  PULSATIO, Pulsation—p. Cordis, Palpitation.
  PULSATION,  Pulsa'tio, Sphygmos,  Sphyxis,
Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, (F.) Battement.  The beat-
ing of the  heart and arteries.   Also, the beating
felt in an inflamed part.
  PULSATIVUS, Throbbing.
  PULSATORY, Throbbing.
  PULSE, from pulso, 'I beat;'  Pulsus, Pulsa'-
tio, Pnlsua cordia  et arteria'rum, Ictua  cordis et
arteria'rum,  Incur'sus arteria 'rum,  Sphygmos,
Sphygma, Diaaphyx'ia, (F.) Pauls.  Beating of
the arteries, produced  by the afflux of the blood
propelled  by the heart in its  contractions.  For
the  sake of  convenience, we  choose the radial
artery at the wrist to detect the precise character
of  the  pulse.   These  characters  relate  to  the
number of pulsations  in  a  given  time;  to their
degrees of quickness ; hardness and strength; to
the equality or inequality either of the pulsations
themselves or of their  intervals ; to the develop-
ment or fulness of the artery, and to the different
impressions it may produce on the finger.
  The following estimates have been made of the
pulse at various ages :
Ages.
Number of Beats per minute, according to
Heberden.
f n the embryo
At birth......
One month ...
One year.....
Two years....
Three years...
Seven years ..
Twelve years.
Puberty......,
Adult age.....
Old age.......
130 to 140
   120
120 to 108
108 to 90
 90 to 80
   72
   70
Sommering.
120
110
 90
MCLLER.
   150
   Do.

115 to 130
100 to 115
 90 to 100
 85 to 90

 80 to 85
 70 to 75
 50 to 65
  It does not  appear that the pulse of the aged
is less  frequent, but the contrary.  In general ity
is more frequent in females and in irritable per-
sons, than in males and those of an opposite tem-
perament.  In  the healthy state, the pulse, bed-
sides having the proper number of pulsations, is
neither hard nor unusually soft;  it is moderately
developed ; of a medium strength ; and perfectly
equal,  both as  regards the pulsations and their
iptervals.   In diseases it wanders, more or less,
from these physiological conditions.  The diffe-
rent characters of the pulse that have been re-
corded, are remarkably numerous.   In  a diction-
ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many
of them are not now regarded, and some are ri-
diculous.
  Pulse,  Ardent, Pulsus ardens, (F.)  Pouls ar-
dent, Poule elevS.  One which seems  to raise itself
to a point in order to strike the finger.
  Pulse,  Cap'rizant, Pulaue Capri'zans, P. dor- 
PULSE
727
PULSE
tadia'aans, P.  gazell'ane,  P.  fusa'lis, Goatleap
pulse, (F.) Pauls cupriaant. One which seems to
leap, as  it were; an  imperfect  dilatation of the
artery being succeeded by a fuller and a stronger
one.
  Pulse, Complex, (F.) Pom;"*  combine ou  com-
pose, P.  complique.  A pulse which has the  cha-
racter of several critical pulses united.
  Pulse. Contracted, (F.) Poula aerrS, P. con-
centre.  One whose pulsations are narrow, deep,
and slightly hard.
  Pulse, Convul'sive, Pulaua convulai'vna,  (F.)
Poula convulaif.  That which is unequally  fre-
quent or unequally hard; in short, which resem-
bles the irregular pulsations of a muscular  fibre
in a state of convulsion.
  Pulse,  Crit'ical, Pulaua crit'icua.  A pulse
which, after having possessed the characters of
irritation, becomes  free, open,  soft, <fec.
  Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus  myurus: see,  also,
Myurns.
  Pulse,  Deep, Pulaua profun'dna,  (F.) Poula
profoml.   One which cannot be  felt without  diffi-
culty, and without  strong pressure by the finger.
  Pulse, Defic"ient, Pulsus defic"iens, P. Flick-
ering, Pulsus an'nuens et circum'nuens, (F.) Pouls
defaillant, P. insensible.  One which seems, every
instant, about to cease.
  Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus   depressus,  (F.)
Poids deprime.  That which is deep and weak.
  Pulse,  Devel'oped, (F.)  Poi</« devcloppe.
That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent.
  Pulse, Dicrot'ic, Pulsus Di'crotus, P. bi'cro-
tus, P. inteatina'lia, P. bife'riena, P.  mallea'ria,
P.  interci'aua,  (F.) P. dicrote, P. rebondiaaant, P.
redouble.   That  in which  the  finger is struck
twice at each pulsation; once lightly, the other
time more strongly.
  Pulse,  Equal,  Pulaua  aqua'lia.   That  in
which  the pulsations resemble  each  other,  and
return at equal intervals.
  Pulse, Febrile, Pulaua febri'lia.   One  very
frequent.
  Pulse, Feeble, Weak,  Pulaua deb'ilia^  (F.)
Poula foible.   One which strikes  the finger feebly.
  Pulse, Fil'iform, P. thready.  One which re-
sembles a thread slightly vibrating.
  Pulse, Flickering, Pulse,  deficient.
  Pulse,  Form'icant,  Pulaua formi'cana,  (F.)
Poula formicant.  One which resembles, by being
small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an
ant.
  Pulse, Frequent, (F.)  P.  agite, P. preeipite.
One which strikes more frequently than usual in
a given time.
  Pulse, Full, Pulaua plenua, (F.) Poula plein.
One which gives the notion of great repletion in
the vessel.
  Pulse, Goat-leap, P. Cnprizant.
  Pui.sk,  Gut'tural,  Pulaua  guttura'lia,  (F.)
Poula guttural.   A pulse  which has been  sup-
posed  to indicate  the termination of affections
of the throat.
  Pulse,  Hard, Pulaus durua,  (F.) Poula  dur.
That  in  which the pulp of the  finger seems to
yield to the pulsation.
  Pulse,  Hectic,  Pulaus  hec'ticus.  The weak,
frequent pulse observed in  hectic fever.
  Piii.se,  Hemorrhoid'al, (F.) Poula dea He-
morrhoid ea.   A  critical pulse,  announcing the
appearance of the  hemorrhoidal flux.  It is de-
scribed  as unequal; — the  pulsations not being
alike in force, and still less the intervals.
  Pulse, Hepat'ic, (F.) Poula du Foie.  A pulse
imagined to indicate affections of the liver.  It is
not worthy of description.
  Pulse, Inferior, (F.) Poula  infirieur, P. ab-
dominal, P. ventral.  One supposed to announce
evacuations below the diaphragm.
  Pulse,  Intercurrent, Pulena  intercurrent
seu inter'cidcna.  One in whieh a superfluous
pulsation seems to occur from time to time.'
  Pulse,  Intermittent, (F.) Po7i/« iutercadcnt.
One in  which tie pulsations  fail from time to
time.
  PULSE,  Intes'tinAL,  (F.) Poula  dea inteatina,
P. de la diarrhee.  A critical pulse, presumed to
announce an evacuation by the intestines.
  PULSE,  In'tricATE,  Pulsus intriea'tus, (F.)
Pouls embarraeaee.   That, which is  but little de-
veloped and unequally slow.
  Pulse,  Irreg'ular,  Pulait8 anorma'lia.  One
whose pulsations  are  unequal, and  return  at un-
equal intervals.
  PULSE of  Irrita'tiON, Pulaua ab irritatio'ne
seu nervi'nua  seu acrit'icua.   One which  is fre-
quent, hard, and contracted.
  Pulse,  Jarring,   P. vibrating — p. Jerking,
Pulse, sharp.
  Pulse,  Languid,  (F.)  Poula languiaaant.  A
slow and feeble pulse.
  Pulse,  Large, Pulaua craaeua, P. mognuai (F.)
Pouls grand, P. large.  That which is large and
full.
  Pulse, Long.  One which strikes the finger to
a great extent in length.
  Pulse,  Low, Pulsus hu'milie, (F.) Pauls has.
One in which the pulsations are scarcely percep-
tible.
  Pulse,  Nasal, (F.) Poula  naectl, P. capital,
P. du Nez.  One  supposed to  announce the end
of an  irritation in the nasal fossa?.
  Pulse,  Nat'ural, (F.) Poula   naturel des
adultea, P. parfait,  P. dea adultea, P. modire.
One that is equal and  regular in  strength and
frequency; compressible, and devoid of hardness.
  Pulse,  Organic,  (F.) Poula organique.  One
which indicates the affected organ,  or the organ
by whieh an evacuation will take place.
  Pulse,  Pec'toral, (F.) Poula de Vexpectora-
tion.  A critical pulse, announcing  the termina-
tion of some pulmonary irritation.
  Pulse,  Quick.   One  which strikes sharply,
but not forcibly, against the finger.
  Pulse,  Reg'ular, Pulaua norma'lia aut regu-
la'ria.   One whose pulsations are equal, and suc-
ceed each  other at equal intervals.
  Pulse, Resisting, (F.) Poula reaiatant.  One
a little tense, a little hard.
  Pulse,  Sharp, (F.) Poula prompt, P. rite,  P.
vif.   One which  strikes  the  finger  sharply, ra-
pidly.   When to a greater  extent, it is called a
jerking pulae.
  Pii.se,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus: see
Myurus.
  Pulse,  Simple,  Pulaua aimplex.  A  critical
pulse,  indicating an evacuation by one organ
only.
  Pulse,  Slow,  Pulaua tardua,  P. rarua, (F.)
Poula tent, P. tardif, P. rare.  One  which strikes
the finger slowly.
  Pulse,  Small, Pulaua parrue, (F.) Poula petit.
One whose pulsations are slender and weak.
  Pulse,  Soft, Pulaua mollis,  (F.) Pouls mou.
One which yields under the finger.
  Pulse,  Stom'achal, (F.)  Poula  stomacal,  P.
de I'estomac.   One supposed to announce an eva-
cuation by the stomach.
  Pulse,  Strong, Pulsus fortis, (F.) Poula fort,
P.  vehement.   One  which strikes the  finger
strongly.
  Pulse,  Supe'rior, Pulaua Superior, (F.) Pouls
auperieur.  A  critical pulse, supervening on irri-
tation of organs situate above the diaphragm.
  Pulse,  Supple,  Pulsus eloa'ticus, (F.) Poula
souple.  One in whieh the pulsations have strcngtn
without hardness.
  Pulse of Sweat, Pulsus Sudora'lis, (F.)PouU 
PULSELESS
r28
PULVIS
Sudoral, P. de la aueur.  A critical pulse, indi-
cating an approaching perspiration.
  Pulse, Tense, P.  Cordy, Pulaua tensua,  (F.)
Pouls tendu, P. roide.  One in which the artery-
resembles a cord fixed at  its two extremities.
When resembling a wire, it is called wiry.
  Pulse, Thready, P. filiform.
  Pulse, Trem'ulous,  Pulsus  trem'ulua,  (F.)
Poula tremblant,  P.  palpitant.  One in which
each pulsation oscillates.
  Pulse, Un'dulating, Pulsus fluctuo'sus, P.
fluens, P. in'cidena  Sola'ni, (F.) Poula ondulant,
P. ondoyant.  One which resembles, in its move-
ments, those of the  waves.
  Pulse,  Une'qual, Pulaua  inaqua'lia,  (F.)
Poula inegal.   One  whose pulsations are not
alike, or return at unequal  intervals.
  Pulse, U'RINAL, Pulaua urina'lia,  (F.) Pouls
de V Urine.  A critical pulse,  fancied  to  denote
an approaching evacuation of urine.
  Pulse, U'terine, Pulaua uteri'nus, (F.) Pouls
 Uterine, P. de la Matrice,  P. dea Reglea.  One
which indicates the flow of the  menses, or the
occurrence of  metrorrhagia.
  Pulse, Venous,  Pulsus venarum.
  Pulse, Vermic'ular.   That  which imitates
the movement of a  worm.
  Pulse, Vi'brating,  Jarring Pulse.  One  in
which the artery seems to  vibrate like a musical
string.
  Pulse, Wiry, see Pulse, tense.
  PULSELESS,  Asphyc'tos, Devoid of pulsation.
  PULSELESSNESS, Asphyxia.
  PULSIF'IC, Puteif'icua; from pulaua, 'pulse.'
That which causes  or excites pulsation.
  PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulailo'glmii,  Pulsim'cter,
from pulsus,  'the  pulse,' and lego, 'I  tell.'
Sphygmometer,  Sphyginoscop'ium.  Any  instru-
ment for measuring the quickness or force of the
pulse.
  PULSIMANTI'A; from pulsua and  pavreta,
' divination.'  The  art of predicting or prognosti-
cating by the  pulse.
  PU LSI METER, Pulsilegium.
  PULSUS, Pulse—p. Acriticus, Pulse of irrita-
tion— p. iEqualis,  Pulse, equal — p. Annuens et
 circumnuens,  Pulse,  deficient — p.  Anormalis,
 Pulse, irregular—p. Bicrotus,  Pulse, dicrotic—p.
Biferiens, P. dicrotus — p.  Caprizans,  Pulse, ca-
prizant — p. Crassus, Pulse,  large — p.  Debilis,
Pulse, feeble — p. Deficiens, Pulse, deficient — p.
 Dicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic—p. Dorcadissans, Pulse,
 caprizant—p. Durus, Pulse, hard — p. Elasticus,
 Pulse, supple—p. Fluctuosus, Pulse, undulating—
p. Fluens,  Pulse, undulating—p. Formicans, For-
 mieaut, and Pulse, formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse,
 strong — p. Fusalis, Pulse, caprizant—"p. Gazel-
lans, Pulse, caprizant — p. Heterochronicus, see
 Heterochronicus—p. Humilis,  Pulse, Low—p. In-
 cidens Solani, Pulse,  undulating—p. Intercidens,
 Pulse, intercurrent—p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic
 —p. Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic—p. Intercurrens,
 Pulse, intercurrent—p. Intestinalis, Pulse, dicro-
 tic—p. Intrieatus,  Pulse, intricate — p. Magnus,
 Pulse, large — p. Mollis, Pulse, soft.
   Pulsus Myu'rus,  Putee, decurtate; P. sharp-
 tailed,  (F.) Pouls  myure.  One which  goes  on
 diminishing.  See  Myurus.
   Pulsus Nervinus, Pulse of irritation—p. Nor-
 malis, Pulse, regular—p. Parvus, Pulse, small—
 p. Plenus, Pulse, full—p. Rarus, Pulse, slow.
   Pul'sus  Serri'nus,  (F.) Pouls serrin, P. aer-
 ratile.   One which strikes, sometimes strongly,
 at others feebly,  and  recalls the idea of a saw.
   Pulsus Striatus,  (F.) Poula etroit.  One that
 Btrikes the  finger to a small extent in breadth.
   Pulsus Suvoralis, Pulse of sweat—p. Tardus,
Pulse, slow—p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinar—p. Ute-
rinus, Pulse, uterine.
  Pulsus Vac'uus, (F.) Poula  ride..  One which
gives the idea of emptiness of the artery.
  Pulsus Ykna'rum, Venous Pulse, Plilcbopa'lia.
  A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular
veins.   It is  owing to some of the blood of the
right ventricle reflowing into the right auricle,
and communicating an  impulse to the venous
blood arriving in the auricle through the descend-
ing cava.  It is often a sign of impediment to the
flow of blood along the pulmonary artery.
  PULTATIO, Atheroma.
  PULTICE, Cataplasm.
  PULTICULA,  llonillie.
  PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES, Powders,
soda.
  PULVERI'ZABLE, Pul'verable.  Capable of
being reduced to powder.
  PULVERIZATION, Pulverisa'tio, Pulrera'-
tio, (F.) Pulverisation, from pulvis, 'dust;'  Coni-
osto'sis.   The operation of dividing substances,
so as to reduce them to powder.
  Most drugs are  reduced to powder  by persons
who make it a special  business, and  who  are
called  drug-grinders.  This is  done on a  largo
scale in drug mills; and the implements used are
the grinding  mill and the stamping mill.  In  the
shop of the  apothecary, pulverization is effected
by  the pestle and mortar, and the sieve.
  Where substances require the addition of other
bodies  to facilitate their reduction to powder,—
as where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol—
the process is called pulverization by mediation.
  PULVILLUS,  Pad, Bourdonnet — p. e  Lina-
mentis  confectus,  Bourdonnet — p.  Rotundus,
Bourdonnet.
  PULVI'NAR, Pulrina'rium.  A pillow.
  Pulvinar  Humuli, see Humulus lupulus.
  Pulvinar Medica'tum seu Medicina'le, Sac'-
culus medicina'lis.   A medicated pillow;  as  of
hops.
  Pulvinar Parvum, Pad—p. Ventriculi, Pan-
cfgjis.
  PULVINULUS, Pad.
  PULVIS,  Conis, (F.) Poudre.   A substance,
reduced into small particles  by pulverization.
Simple powders are those of a, single substance;
compound, those which result from a mixture of
several different powders.   An impalpable powder
is one  which is so  fine that it can scarcely be felt
under  the finger.  A  compound powder  was,
formerly, called Spe'cies, (F.) Espece.
  Pulvis Absorbers, P. de magnesia compos.—
p.  Adspersorius, Catapasma—p. Alexiterius, P.
contrayerva? comp. — p. Alexiterius,  P. ipecacu-
anha? compositus—p. Algarothi, Algaroth.
  Pulvis Aloes Compos'itus,  Compound powder
of  Aloes, Pulvis Aloes cum  Guai'aco, P.  aloet'icus
cum Guaiaco.   (Aloes  epicat.  ext. 5iss, guaiac.
gum. rea. ^j, pulv. cinnam. comp. ^ss.  Rub the
aloes  and guaiacum separately,  then  mix the
whole.  Ph. L.)  Cathartic, stomachic, and sudo-
rific.  Dose, gr. x to ^j-
   Pulvis Aloes  cum Canel'la,  Pulvia alo'ea et
canella, (Ph. U. S.,) Poirdcr of Aloes with Canella,
Speciea Hi'era picra, Hiera picra, Pulvia Aloet'-
icus.   (Aloea Ibj. cuncll. giij.   Rub separately
into a  powder,  and  mix.  Ph. U. S.)   A warm
cathartic.   Dose,  gr. x. to Qj-
   Pulvis Aloes  cum Guaiaco,  P. A. composi-
tus—p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella—p. Alo-
eticus, Hiera picra—p. Altiminosus, P. sulphntis
aluminae compositus—p. Aluminis compositus, P.
sulphatis aluminae compositus—p. Aluminis kino-
satus,  see P. sulphatis aluminae compositus.
   Pulvis de Ama'ris Compos'itus, Puhia anti-
arthrit'icua ama'rua, (F.) Poudre antiarthritique 
PULVIS
729
PULVIS
 amire.  (End. gentian., aristoloch. rotund., aa p.
 J, flor. centaur, min. p. A, fid. chamadr., chama-
 pith. manipul. — f. pulvis. Ph. P.)  In gouty af-
 fections, dyspepsia, Ac.   Dose, gr. xx.
   Pulvis Angelicus, Algaioth —p.  Anudvnus,
 P. ipecacuanhas  comp. —p. Antiacidus, P. creta?
 compositus —p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesia
 compos. —p. Antiarthriticus amarus,  P. de ama-
 ns compositus—p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. de
 senna, scammonea et lignis—p. Autiasthmaticus,
 P. de sulphure et scilla.
   Pulvis Antilys'sus,  Mead's Powder againat
 the bite of a mad dog.  It consisted of aeh-coloured
 I rerwort  in  powder, with  an equal quantity of
 bjack pepper; a drachm  and a half of the two
 forming a dose for an adult.
   Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder.
   Pulvis de Aro Compos'itus, Compound Pow-
 der of Arum, (F.) Poudre de  Birckmann, (Rad.
 an, aeori ten', pimpinell. eaxifrag. aa, 40 p. ocul.
 ctincror. ppt. 12 p., cinnam. 7 p., potaaaa aulph.
 6 p., ammonia  muriat.  2 p. — f. pulv. Ph.  P.)
 Sternutatory.
   Pulvis Aromaticus, P. cinnamomi compositus.
   Pulvis As'ari Compos'itus,  P.  etemutato'-
 riua, P. err/ii'nua, P. capita'lia Sancti An'geli, P.
 ceghal'icue, Cephalic, emiff';  Compound powder of
 Aearabac'ca, (F.) Poudre d'aearum compoeee dite
 eternutatoire, P. de  Saint-Ange.   (Folior. aear.
 Ettrop. p. tres., fol. origan, majorana, flor. lavancl.
 spic, sing. p. 1.   Rub into powder. Ph. L.) Ster-
 nutatory.
   Pulvis Auri,  see Gold—p. e. Bolo  compositus
 cum opio, P.  cretae  compositus cum opio — p. e.
 Bolo compositus  sine opio, see P.  creta? composi-
 tus—p. Cambogia? compositus, P. e. gummi gutta
 —p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pulvis asari compo-
 situs—p. Carbonatis  calcis compositus, P. creta?
 compositus—p. Cardiacus, P. contrayerva? comp.
 —p. Carthusianorum, Antimonii sulphuretum ru-
 brum—-p.  Cathnrtieus, P. scammonea? comp.—p.
 Cephalicus, P. asari compositus.
   Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi Compos'itus,  Compound
 Powder of Cin'namon, Pulris seu Spe'cies Impe-
 rato'ris, P.  vita Imperato'ris,  P. Dia.ro'maton,
 Species  diacinnamo'mi,  S. latifican'tes Rhazis,
 Tra'gea aromat'ica, Species Diam'bra sine odo-
 ra'tis. Species aromat'ica, Pulvis aromaticus (Ph.
 IT. S.), Aromatic powder, (F.) Poudre de canelle
 t^mposee ou  aromatique.   (Cinnam.,  zingib.  aa
 5 ij, cardam., myrist. aa §j.  Rub to a fine powder.
 Ph. U. S.)  Stimulant and  carminative.  Dose,
 gr. x to 9j.
   Pulvis  Cobbii seu Tunquinen'sis.  The fa-
 mous Tonquin powder, introduced into England
 by a  Mr. Cobb.  It was composed of 16 grains
 of musk,  and 4S grains of  cinnabar; and was
 mixed in a gill of arrack.  It was formerly re-
 garded as a specific in hydrophobia.
   Pulvis  Comitis Warwicensis, P.  Cornachini
 — p. Comitissie, Cinchona. -
   Put.vis  Contrayer'v^e  Compos'itus,  Lapis
 contrayerva, Contrayerva balls, Compound Powder
 of Contrayer'ra, Pulris cardi'acus, P. alexite'rius,
 P.  Mantua'nus.   (Contrayerv. rad. contrit. iv,
 test. prap. Ibiss.   Mix. Ph.  L.)   Stimulant and I
 sudorific.   Dose,  gr. xv to £Jss.
  Pulvis Cornachi'ni, Diaecltates'son  Paracelsi,
 Earl of Warwick's Powder, Pulvia Ox'ydi Stib'ii
 compos'itus, Pulvia Com'itis Wancicen'sis, Pulris
 de Tribus,  Cer'berue Triceps, Pulvia Scammo'nii
 antimoniii'Ha,(V.) Poudre Cornachine.  (Scammon.
 Atep., potaaa. aupertart.. antim. diaph.  ait p. a?, f.
 pulvis. Ph. P.)  Cathartic.   I'sed chiefly in cu-
 taneous diseases.   Dose, ^ss  to f"j.
  Pulvis Cornu Usti Cum O'pio, Pulvis opia'tus,
Powder of Burnt Hartshorn with opium, (F.)
Poudre de come brulee avec Vopium.  (Opii duri
 cont.  ,",i, corn. ust. prap.  ,-f],  coccor.  cont.  ^j.
 Mix. Ph. L.)  Ten grains contain one of opium.
 Anodyne.
   Pulvis Cretackus, P. cretae compositus.
   Pulvis Cret^c Compos'itus, P.  Carbona'tis
 Calcia compoaitua, Compound Powder of chalk, P.
 creta'ceue, Spe'cies e Scorpio sine opio, Diascor1-
 dium, Pulris antac"idue,  P. terrea'tria,  Species
 Diacre'ta, (with Bole Armeniac in place of chalk
 — the Pulvia  e Bolo compoaitua aine opio,)  (F.)
 Poudre de craie compoeee.  (Creta ppt. Ibss, cin-
 nam. cort. ^iv, tormentill. rad., acacia gum., sing
 5iij, pip. long, fruct. 3'w.   Reduce separately to
 a fine powder,  and mix.  Ph.  L.) Antacid,  sto-
 machic, absorbent.   Dose, gr. xx to ^U-
   Pulvis Cretae Compos'itus  cum  O'pio, Com-
 pound Powder of Chalk  with  opium,  Pulvia e
 Creta compoaitua  cum opio (with Bole Armeniac
 instead of chalk—Pulvia e Bolo compositus  cum
 opio,) Species e Scordio  cum opio, (F.) Poudre de
 craie composee avec I'opium.  (Pulv. cret. c. 3 vjss,
 opii duri cont. ^iv. Mix.  Ph. L.)  Contains one
 grain  of opium in 40.  Anodyne and absorbent.
 Dose, ^j to  9ij.
   Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhas comp.
 —p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanha? comp.—p. Dia-
 romaton, P.  cinnamomi compositus—p. Diasense
 P. senna? compos.—p. Diaturpethi compositus, P.
 jalapa' compositus.
   Pulvis Ducis  Portlan'di.e, Duke  of Port-
 land's Gout Powder.  (Rad. arietoloch., gentiana,
 summit, chamadr., centaur, min. aa p. a?.)  Dose,
 3ss  to 3j.
   Pulvis Emmenagogus, P. myrrh33 compositus
 — p. Epilepticus  Marchionum, P.  de magnesia
 compositus — p. Errhinus, P. asari compositus —
 p. Galactopceus, P. de magnesia compos.
   Pulvis e Gummi Gutta, P. Cambo'gia compo-
 situs, P. hydrago'gus, Camboge Powder, (F.) Pou-
 dre hydragotfue ou de gomme gutte, P. de Querce-
 ta'nus.  (Rad.  jalap. 24 p., rad. mechoacan.  12
 p., cinnam., rhei. aa 8 p., gum. cam-bog. 3. p., fol.
 soldanella sice. 6 p., semin. anisi 12 p., fiat pulvis.
 Ph.  P.)   A  drastic  cathartic.  In anasarca and
 in worms.  Dose, gr. xv to xxx.
   Pulvis Gummo'sus Alkali'nus, Sapo vegeta'-
 bilis, (F.) Poudre de saron vegetal.   (Guaiac.
 pulv.  32. p., potass, carb. 4 p.  Make into a
 powder.   Ph. P.)  Antacid.
   Pulvis ex Helminthocort'o  Compos'itus,  P.
 vcrmif'ugus absque mercn'rio, (F.) Poudre vermi-
 fuge sans mercure.  (Fuc. helminthocort., sem.
 contra., summitat.  absinth., tanaceti, fol. scordii,
 senna, rhei. aa  p. a?, fiat pulvis.  Ph.  P.)   Dose,
 dit0 Si-
   Pulvis Hydragogus, P. e gummi gutta—p.
 Hydrargyri   cinereus, see  Hydrargyri  oxydum
 cinereum — p.  Hypnotieus, Hydrargyri sulphu-
 retum  nigrum — p.  Iuiperatoris, P.  cinnamomi
 compositus—p. Incisivus, P. de sulphure et scilla
 —p. Pro infantibus, P. de magnesia compos.__p.
 Infantum, P. de magnesia compos.—p. Infantum
 antacidus, P. de magnesia compositus.
   Pulvis Ipecacuan'h i: Compos'itus, P. alexi-
 te'rius, P. anod'ynns,  P.  diaplioret'icns, P.  diap-
 no'icus, P. sudorif'icus Dove'ri. Compound powder
 of Ipecacuanha, P. Ipecacuanha et Opii (Ph. U.
 S.),  Dover's  Powder, (F.)  Poudre de Dover  ou
 d'ijiecacuanha et tVopium, P. de Dower.  (Ipeca-
ciianh. pule,  opii pulv., sing 3J, potassa sulphat.
j']. Mix.)  Diaphoretic.   Dose, gr. v to gr. xij.
  Pulvis Ipecacuanha et Opii, P. ipecacuanhas
compos.
  Pulvis  Jalap'a Compos'itus, P. Diaturpe'thi
compositus, Compound powd. r of Jalap, Pulvia
laxans, P. Purgans, P. laxati'rns vegetab'ilia,  P.
laxana cum sale, P. Jalap'a aali'nua, P. j. tartar'-
icite,  Spe'ciee Liujalupa, (F.) Poudre de jalap 
PULVIS
730
PUNCTIO
 composie.  (Pulv. jalap. 5j> potaaa. bitart. 3'j-
 Mix.)  Cathartic.  Dose,^)j to gij.
   Pulvis Jalap^e  Salinus, P. jalapa? composi-
 tus—p. Jalapas tartaricus,  P. jalapa? compositus
 — p. de Jalapa  et scammonio  compositus,  P.
 scammoneas comp.—p. Jamesii, Antimonial pow-
 der—p. Jesuiticus, Cinchona—p. Joannis de Vigo,
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
   Pulvis  Kino Compos'itus, Compound Powder
 of kino, (F.) Poudre  de kino  compoeee.   (Kino
 ^xv, cort. cinnam. ^\v, opii duri Jj-   Rub each
 to powder, and mix. Ph. L.)   Astringent.  Dose,
 gr. v to xx.
   Pulvis  Laxans, P.  jalapas compositus — p.
 Laxans cum sale, P. jalapas compositus—p. Lax-
 ativus vegetabilis, P. jalapas  compositus.
   Pulvis de Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Galac-
 topoe'us, P. Nutri'cum, P. Infan'tum, P. Infantum
 antac"idus, P. pro Infan'tibus, P. antiac"idus, P.
 absor'bens, P. epilep'ticus Marchio'num, Compound
 powder of Magne'sia, (F.) Poudre abaorbante et
• anti-acide.  (Magneaia, eacchar.  aa p. as. Mix.
 Ph. P.)
   Pulvis Mantuanus,  P. contrayervas comp.—
 p. Marchionis, Marchionis Pulvis—p. Mercurialis
 cinereus, Hydrargyri  oxidum  cinereum — p. ad
 Mucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, P. de sul-
 phure et scilla.
   Pulvis Myrrhje Compos'itus, P. e Myrrha
 compoaitua, Compound Myrrh  Powder, Pulvia ad
 ul'cera tend'innm, P. Eminenago'gue, (F.) Poudre
 Balaamique.  (Myrrha, eabina, ruta, caator. Ruaa.
 aa ^j.)  A stimulant, antispasmodic, and emme-
 nagogue.   Dose, gr. xv to xl.
   Pulvis Nutricum,  P. de magnesia compositus
 — p. Opiatus, P. cornu usti cum opio — p.  Oxydi
 stibii compositus, P. cornachini — p. Parturiens,
 Ergot — p. de Phosphate calcis et stibii composi-
 tus, Antimonial powder—p. Principis, Hydrargyri
 nitrico-oxydum—p. Purgans, P. jalapas compo-
 situs— p. Quercetanus,  Hydrargyri submurias.
   Pulvis Quercus Mari'nas, Powder of  Yellow
 Bladder-Wrack.  (The wrack  in fruit,  dried,
 cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible, with
 a perforated lid, and  then  reduced to powder.
 Ph. D.)  Virtues dependent on iodine: used, con-
 sequently, in bronchocele, <fec. Dose, gr. x to xl.
 See Fucus vesiculosus.
   Pulvis Scammo'ne^e Compos'itus,  Compound
 Powder of Scammony, Pulvis  e Scammonio com-
 poaitua, Pulvia  Seammonii,  Pulvia de JalapcX et
 Scammo'nio  compoaitua dictua Cathar'ticua, (F.)
 Poudre cathartique ou Poudre de Scammonie com-
 poaie.  (Scommon.,  ext. jalap,  dur.,  sing., 3*ij,
 zingib. rad. 3*ss.   Rub  separately to powder and
 mix. Ph. L.) Cathartic.  Dose,  gr. viij to  gr. xv.
    Pulvis Scammo'nii cum Aloe, P. e Scammonio
 cum Aloe, Scammony and Aloea Powder.   (Scam-
 mon.Xyj, ext. jalap, dur., aloea  Socotr. aa 3'ssi
 zing. 3SS.)   Cathartic.  Dose, gr. x to xv.
   Pulvis  Scammonii  Antimonialis,  P.  corna-
 chini.
    Pulvis Sennae Compos'itus, Compound powder
 of  Senna, Pulvia e Send  compositus,  P. e Sennd
 compositus, Pulvia Diaae'na, (F.) Poudre  de aeni
 eompoaee.  (Senna folior., potaaa. aupertart. sing.
 3*ij, acammon. ^ss, rad. zingib. £ij.  Ph. L.)   Ca-
 thartic, hydragogue.  Dose, ^j to 3J-
    Pulvis de SennA, Scammo'nio et Lignis Com-
  pos'itus dictua Antiarthrit'icus  Purgans, (F.)
  Poudre de Perard.  (Gum Arab., potaaa. auper-
  tart., fol.  eenna, china, aa 4 p., acammon., rad.
  sareapar., china, guaiac. lign.  aa 2 p., fiat pulvis.
  Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate gout.  Dose,

    Pulvis Stanni, see Tin—p. Sternutatorius, P.
  asari compositus—p. Stibiatus, Antimonial pow-
der— p.  Stypticus,  P. Sulphatis alumina? com-
positus—p. Sudorificus, P. ipecacuanha? comp.—•
p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. Ipecacuanhas compo-
situs.
  Pulvis Sulpha'tis Alc'min.e  Compos'itus,
P. aluinino'eua,  P.  alu'minis  kinosa'tus, Pulvis
atyp'ticua, Pulvia aluminia compoaitua, Alu'men
kiuoaa'tum, Compound Alum Powder, (F.) Poudre
etyptique ou d'alun compoeee.   (Sulphatis alumi-
na, p. iv,  kino, p. 1.  Ph. E.)  Astringent.   In
intestinal hemorrhage and  diarrhoea.   Dose, gr.
x to xv.
  Pulvis de  Sul'phure et  Scilla, P. Anti-
asthmat'icus, P. Incisi'vus,  P.  ad  mucum pulmo-
na'lem libe'rius cien'dum, (F.) Poudre  incisive ou
anti-asthmatique.  (Sacchar.  alb. p. 3,  eulphur.
lot. p. 2,  scilla. siccat. p. j.  Ph.  P.)   Dose, gr.
v to £ss.
  Pulvis de Sulpha'te Potas'sce  Compos'itus,
P. tem'perans Stah'lii, (F.) Poudre temperante de
Stahl. (Potaaa. aulph., P. nitrttt. aa 9 p., hydrarg.
aulph.  rubr. 2 p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  As an anti-
phlogistic, and in acidity of  the first passages.
Dose, gj  to 9ij.
   Pulvis e Sulphure'to Hydrar'gyri Nigro
et Scammo'nio, dictua Vermif'ugus Mercuria'-
LIS, (F.)  Poudre vermifuge mercuriclle.   (P»lv.
cornachin., hydrarg. eulphuret. nigr. recent, prasp.,
aa, p. a?.   Mix.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 3j to gss.
   Pulvis  Sympatheticus, Sympathetic powder
—p. Teniperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate potassas
compositus—p. Terrestris, P. creta? compositus.
  Pulvis  Tragacan'thjE  Compos'itus,  Speciee
Diatragacan'tha frig"ida, Pulvia e  Tragacun'thd
compoaitua,  Comjwund  Powder of Tragacanth,
(F.) Poudre de gomme adragant composee.  (Tra-
gacanth. contus., acacia gummi cont., amyli, sing.
$iss, aacch.purif. 3*iij.  Ph. L.) Demulcent.  In
coughs, &c.  Dose, Sjss to giij.
   Pulvis de Tribus, P. cornachini—p. Tunqui-
nensis, P. Cobbii — p. ad  Ulcera  tendinum, P.
myrrhas  compositus—p. Vermifugus absque mer-
curio, Pulvis ex helminthocorto comp. — p. Ver-
mifugus mercurialis,  P. e sulphureto  hydrargyri
nigro et scammonio—p. Vita? Imperatoris, P. cin-
namomi compositus.
   PUMEX, Lapia pu'micia, Pumice,  (F.)  Pierre
Ponce.  This was formerly employed as a desic-
cative and dentifrice.
   PUMICE, Pumex.
   PUMILIO, Nanus.
   PUMILUS, see Nanus.
   PUMP, BREAST, Antlia lactea—p. Stomach,
 Antlia gastrica.
   PUNA,  Veto, Sorocco,  Soroche, Mareo, (S.)
 A sickness  common in  the elevated  districts  of
 South America  and elsewhere,  which  attacks
 those unaccustomed to breathe the rarefied atmo-
 sphere.   It strongly  resembles sea-sickness, with
 a most  acute and depressing throbbing  in the
 head.  It does not  often affect the respiration
 considerably.
   PUNA IS E, Cimex.
   PUNA IS IE, Ozasna.
   PUNCH, Rhi'zagra, from pungere, 'to prick.'
 Repulao'rium, (F.) Repoussoir. A surgical instru-
 ment  used for  extracting the stumps of teeth.
 See Lever.
   Also,  an agreeable alcoholic drink, made of
 spirit, wine, sugar, lemon-juice, and water.   Milk
 is sometimes substituted in part for the water : it
 then forms Milk Punch.
   PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification,
 points of.
   PUNCTiE MUCOSAE, see  Acne.
   PUNCTICULA, Petechia?.
   PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture—p. Nervi,
 Neuronygme. 
PUNCTUM
731
PURPURA
  PUNCTUM, Stitch.
  Punctum Au'reum,  Punc'tura aurea.  For-
merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced by
an incision made through the integuments down
to the upper  part of the  spermatic  vessels,  a
golden wire was fixed and  twisted, so as to pre-
vent the descent of any thing down  the tunica
vaginalis.  Hence the term.
  Punctum Sa'liens,  P. sanguin'eum  sa'liens,
G/ob'tilus  sanguin'eus,  Functus  ruber  sa'liens.
The first moving point which makes its appear-
ance after  the fecundation of the germ.  It has
been generally,  but erroneously, applied to the
heart of the embryo.
  PUNCTURA, Paracentesis — p. Aurea, Punc-
tum aureum.
  PUNCTURE,  Punctn'ra, Punc'tio,  Cenle'sis,
Ptirttcente'aie, Nyxia, from  pungere, ' to  prick;'
Tresis Punctura,  (F.) Piqure.  A wound made
by  a  pointed  instrument, as  a sword, bayonet,
needle, thorn, &c.  A puncture is, generally,  of
trifling consequence; but, sometimes, it becomes
important  from the  parts  implicated, and the
after consequences.
  PUNCTURING.  Same etymon.    Compunc'-
tio, Paracente'aia,  (F.) Ponction.  The  operation
of opening, by means of a trocar,  lancet, &c, any
natural or accidental cavity, with the  view  of
evacuating any  fluid,  effused  or  accumulated
therein.   Pttracentesia is a sort of puncturing.
  FUNCTUS  RUBER  SALIENS,   Punctum
saliens.
  PUNGENT, (F.) Pongitif.   Pain is said to be
pungent, when it seems as if a pointed instrument
were forced into the suffering part.
  PU'NICA  GRANATUM.  The Pomegranate,
Rhoa,  It ham,  Grana'tum,  Malograna'tum, (F.)
Grenadier  : Family, Myrtoidea?.  Sex. Syst. Ico-
sandria Monogynia.   The rind of the fruit, called
Malicho'rium, Malacorium,  or  Malicorium; and
the flowers—called Balaustine flowers—are used
in medicine.   They have been employed both in-
ternally and externally as astringents.  The seeds
are called Cocco'nes, xoxxtaves.  The portion, how-
ever, of the plant, that has attained most cele-
brity,  is the bark  of  the root, Grana'ti Radi'a'a
Cortex, which appears  to  be very efficacious  in
tasnia.  It is  given in  decoction, (Granat. rad.
cort. 3*ij; Aqua Oij, boiled  to Oiss.)   Dose, f^ij,
every half hour.   Three or four doses are usually
sufficient to expel  the worm.
  The  bark  contains a  peculiar matter  called
Grenadin.
  PUNK,  Boletus igniarius.
  PUOGENIA, Pyogenia.
  PUPIL, Pupil'la, Pu'pula, Pupil'io,  Via'io,
Opsis, Core, Cora, Rhox,  Fenes'tra seu A'igrum
sou Fora'men Oc'uli, Prunel'la, Lumen; Glene,
Sight  of  the  eye, (F.)  Pupille,  Prunelle.  The
aperture of the iris, through which  the rays  of
light pass  that have to impress the image of an
object on  the retina.  This aperture  can be di-
lated  or contracted so  as  to allow a  greater  or
smaller quantity of luminous rays to  penetrate.
The pupil, in  man, is round, and by it the ante-
rior and posterior chambers of the eye commu-
nicate with each other.   In the fcetus,  during the
first six months  of gestation, it is closed by the
pupillary membrane.
  Pupil, Closure of the,  Synezizis.
  Pupil, Pinhole.   A condition of the pupil  in
typhus, in  which it is so contracted as  to resem-
ble a pinhole.  It indicates a dangerous form of
brain  affection.
  PUPILL.E VELUM, Pupillary membrane.
  PUPILLARTS  HERBA, Lapsana.
  PU'PILLARY, Pupilla'ris.  That  which be-
longs to the pupil.
  Pupillary  Membrane, Membraena  Pupilla'-
ris, Pupil'la velum, Membra'na Wachendorfia'na.
The central aperture of the iris is closed, in the
foetus, during a certain period of  gestation, by a
very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh
month.
  PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride.
  PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone.
  PUPULA, Pupil.
  PU'PUL.iE, A'pices digito'rum.  The pulps or
extremities of the fingers.
  PUBBL1ND, Myopic.
  PURBLINDNESS, Myopia.
  PURGAMENT, Purgative.
  PURGAMENTA, Excrement—p. Alba, Leu-
corrhoea—p. Infantis, Meconium — p. Puerperii,
Lochia—p. Uteri, Lochia.
  PURGANS MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic.
  PURGATIO, Catharsis —p. Alvi,  Catharsis—
p. Muliebris alba,  Leueorrhcea — p. Puerperii,
Lochia.
  PURGATION, Catharsis.
  PURGATIONES, Menses —p. Menstrua?,
Menses.
  PURGATIONS, Menses.
  PUR'GATIVE, Piirgati'rus, Purgans, Moch'-
licus,  Catoret'icus,  Catoter'icus, Cathar'tic, Pur'-
gament, Purge, (F.) Purgatif, from purgare, 'to
cleanse.   A medicine which operates more  pow-
erfully on the bowels than a laxative, stimulating
the muscular coat, and exciting increased seere-
tion from  the mucous coat.
  PURGE, Purgative—p. Root,  Euphorbia co-
rollata.
  PURGING, Diarrhcea.
  PURIFTCANS,  Purif'icus, from purificare,
'to make pure or clean.'   Purifying : hence :—
  Purificantia: Medicines  that cleanse or pu-
rify the blood.
  PURIFICUS, Purificans.
  PU'RIFORM, Puriform'is; from pus, and for-
ma.  Having the appearance  of pus.
  PURL.  A  medicated malt liquor,  in which
wormwood and aromatics are infused.
  PURO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
  PURO-MUCOUS, Puro-muco'sus, from pus,
puris, and mucua.   Having the character or ap-
pearance of pus and mucus.
  PURPLES, Purpura hasmorrhagica.
  PUR'PURA, Por'phyra,  'a   purple  colour.'
This word has been employed in many senses.
It generally means, livid spots on the skin from
extravasated blood, with languor and  loss of
muscular  strength, pains in  the limbs. — (F.)
Pourpre.
  In Purpura Simplex, Porphyra aimplex, Pe-
techia aine febre, Pelio'aia, Phtfiiig'mue Petechia'-
lia, Prof u'sio aubcuta'nea, Petc'chial Scurvy, the
spots  are  numerous,  but small  and  flea-bite-
shaped ;  chiefly on  the breast, arms, and  legs;
with paleness  of countenance.  At times, the af-
fection is  accompanied by severe pains in the ex-
tremities, constituting Pelio'sis rheumat'ica.
   In Purpura HjEMORRHAg"ica, Porphyra ha-
morrhagica, Stomac'ace universalis, Hamorrhagia
universa'lis,  Petechiano'sia,  Morbus  maculo'aus
hamorrhag" icua  Werlhof'ii,  Pelio'aia  hamor-
rhag"ica,  Scorbu'tua,  Schorbu'tua, Hamorrhce'a
petechiti'lie, Hamatoapil'ia, Land Scurvy, Pur-
plea, (F.) Scorbut, S.de Terre, Maladie de  Werl-
hof, Hemacelinoee,  Pelioae hemorrhagique — the
spots are  circular, and of different sizes; often in
stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the
thighs, arms, and trunk; with  occasional hasmor-
rhage from the mouth, nostrils,  or viscera, and
great debility  and depression  of spirits.
   In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  nautiea,
Scorbu'tua, Pechytyrbe, Gingibra'chium, Gingipe'- 
PURPURIC
732
PYCNANTIIEMUal
dium, Scelotyr'be, Stomac'ace,  Scorbu'tua nau'ti-
cua or Sea scurvy, (F.) Scorbut, there are spots of
different hues, intermixed with  the livid, princi-
pally at the roots  of the hair; the teeth are
loose;  the gums  are spongy'and bleeding; tho
breath is fetid, and the debility universal and ex-
treme.  This occurs chiefly at sea, after exposure
to a  moist, cold, foul atmosphere; with long use
of one kind  of food and of stagnant water.
  All these  varieties  of  purpura resemble each
other considerably.  In  the first two, however,
there seems, at times, to  be  some  excitement,
which has led to the employment of purgatives,
and  even of bleeding, with  advantage.   They
are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis, which
has been termed Scorbu'tic Cachex'ia, Lues Scor-
butica, and  Cacochym'ia Scorbutica.  Generally
speaking, the use of the mineral acids will be in-
dicated ; and, in sea scurvy, vegetable acids must
be regarded  as the best antiscorbutics.  Nitre is,
also, a good antiscorbutic, and  in cases of great
prostration it may be united with Peruvian bark
or turpentine.  Tamarinds and cream of  tartar,
made into drink, are also serviceable.  But the
great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi-
rits; from filth  to cleanliness; and  from a cold
and  damp, to a temperate and  dry climate, with
change of food, and especially the use of green
vegetables.
  The general principles of management are the
same in sea, as in land scurvy.
  Purpura, Scarlatina—p. Alba benigna  et ma-
ligna, Miliary fever—p. Maligna, Petechias — p.
Miliaris, Miliary fever—p. Puerperarum, Miliary
fever—p. Urticata, Urticaria.
  PURPURIC URINE, see Porphyruria.
  PURPURINE, see Porphyruria.
  PURPURISSUM,   Hytjrargyri sulphuretum
rubrum.
  PURRING TREMOR, Frimissement catairc.
  PURSE,  Scrotum — p.  Shepherd's,  Thlaspi
bursa.
  PUR'SINESS, Dyepnce'a pinguedino'aa, (F.)
Pouase.  Dyspnoea accompanied with oppressive
fatness.  The word is,  also, applied to dyspnoea
of every kind.  One so affected is said to bepuray
or ahort-winded.
  PURSLAIN,  Portulaca —p. Milk, Euphorbia
corollata — p. Speedwell, Veronica peregrina—p.
Water, Veronica beccabunga.
  PURSY, see Pursiness.
  PURULENCE, Pus, Suppuration.
  PURULENCY, Pus, Suppuration.
  PU'RULENT, Purulen'tua, Em'pyo8, Pyo'dea,
Py'icua.  That which has the character of pus or
consists  of pus ;  as purulent matter,  a purulent
collection, &e.
  Purulent Deposit, Pus.
  PURULENTIA, Suppuration.
  PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis.
  PUS, Humor purulen'tua,  Pyon,  Pyono'ma,
Matter, Pu'rulent depoa'it, Pu'rulence, Pu'rulency.
A secretion from inflamed textures, and especially
from the areolar membrane. It  is, almost always,
of the same nature, whatever may be the  part it
proceeds from.  Pus of a good quality, — laudable
pua, Pua bonum seu laudab'ile seu nutriti'vum seu
verum, (F.) Pua louable,—is of a yellowish-white
colour,  opake,  inodorous, and  of a  creamy ap-
pearance.  Heat, acids, and alcohol coagulate it.
When  analyzed by Schwilgug, it afforded albu-
men and water, a particular extractive substance,
and  a small  quantity of soda, phosphate of lime,
and  other salts.   Normal pus consists essentially
of two distinct parts, pua corpuaclea or pua globulea,
and  a colourless, aqueous fluid, liquor puria, in
whieh tho corpuscles are suspended.  A variety
of the pus corpuscles is described by M. Lcbert
under the name pyoid.
  Pus Bonum, see Pus — p. Corpuscles, see Pua
— p. Corrosivum, Sanies — p.  Globules, see Pus
— p. Laudabile, see Pus— p. Louable, see Pus —
p. Malignum, Ichor — p. Malignum,  Sanies — p.
Nutritivum, see Pus — p. Verum, see Pus.
  PUSILLATUM,  Puaula'tum, from jmsillus,
'small.'  A coarse powder.
  PUSILLUS, Nanus.
  PUSTULA, Pustule —p. Ardens, Eczema—p.
Oris, Aphthae—p. Gangrenosa, see Anthrax — p.
Livida Esthonias, see Anthrax.
  Pustul.e Sicce, Lichen.
  PUSTULAR, Puetuloua, Pustula'ris, Pustulo'-
eue.   Of or belonging to pustules.  Affected with
pustules.
  PUSTULATION, Puatula'tio,  from puatula,
' a pustule.'  The formation of pustules.
  PUSTULE, Pue'tula,  from  pus.  Ecpye'sis,
Ecthy'ma, Benath, Bube, Epantts'tttsis.   An ele-
vation of the cuticle, with an inflamed base, con-
taining pus.   Willan and Bateman reckon  four
varieties of pustules: Phlyza'cium, Psytlra'cium,
Achor, and Favus. The variolous pustule is often
called, by the French, Grain;  by us, Pock.
  PUSTULE 31ALIGNE, see Anthrax.
  PUSTULOUS, Pustular.
  PUSULATUM, Pusillatum.
  PUTIUM, Prepuce.
  PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction.
  PUTREFACTION, Piitreftic'tio,Putreacen'tia,
Sepsis,  Sap'rotes, Putrid fermenta' Hon, Put re-
fact'ive fermentation, from putris, putre, 'rotten,'
and facere,  ' to make.'   A decomposition, expe-
rienced by animal substances, when  deprived of
life, and placed  under particular circumstances.
The  presence of water is indispensable.   The
temperature most favourable to it, is from 60° to
90° of Fahrenheit.   The most common products
of putrefaction are,  water, carbonic  acid, acetic
acid, ammonia, carburetted hydrogen, and a semi-
putrid substance, which  is volatilized, and has an
infected odour. It has been supposed that some-
thing like  putrefaction  may occur in the living
body, as in case of putrid fever.  To this condi-
tion, Piorry has  given  the name Typhoha'mia,
conceiving it  to  be  owing to  alteration of  the
blood  by putrid  animal matters.  Putrefaction
signifies the state of  becoming  putrid : whilst Pu-
tridity, Putre'do, Putrid'itae,  Pu'tridneaa,  (F.)
Pourriture, is the state of rottenness.
  PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus — p. Poison, see
Poison.
  PUTRESCENTIA,   Putrefaction — p.  Uteri
gravidi, Hystero-malacia.
  PUTRID, Pn'tridna, Saproa, (F.) Putride, from
putrere, ' to rot.'  An epithet for some affections,
in which the matters excreted  and the transpira-
tion itself exhale a smell of putridity.  It is par-
ticularly applied to typhus.
  PUTBIDITAS, see Putrefaction.
  PUTRIDITY,  see Putrefaction.
  PUTRILA'GO, Putror, (F.) Putrilage. Same
etymon.  The pultaceous matter or alough, whieh
forms  in certain  gangrenous  and other ulcers,
and is thrown off.
  PUTROR, Putrilage.
  PUTZOCHILL, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  PYiE'MIA, Pyohasmia.
  PYARTH'RUM,  from irvov,  'pus,' and apdpov,
'joint.'  A suppurated joint.
  PYCNANTHEMUM  INCA'NUM,  Common
Mountain Mint, Wild Basil. An indigenous plant
of the mint fam iVy — Labiatas—which flowers in
August.  It has  the aromatic  properties of the
mints. 
              PYCNICMASTICA

  Pycnan'themum Linifo'lium, Virginia Thyme,
has like virtues.
  PYCNTCMASTICA, Incrassantia.
  PYCNOS1S, Inspissatio.
  PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia.
  P\ ECC1IYSIS, from irvov, 'pus,' and t/c^»jif,
'effusion.'   An effusion of pus.
  PYELITIS, from irvcXos, 'pelvis,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the pelvis
and calicos of the kidnev.
  PY ELOMETER, Pelvimeter.
  PYELONEPHRITIS, from irvcXos,  'pelvis,'
vttppos, ' kidney,' and itia, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and
calices.
  PVELOS, Pelvis.
  PYKMKSIS,  Pyoemesis.
  PYESIS, Suppuration.
  PYKT1A. Colostrum.
  PYGE, Nates.
  PYGMiEUS,  Pygmy.
  PYGME, Fist, Forearm.
  PYGMEE, Pygmy.
  PYGMY, Pigmy, Pygma'ua, (F.) Pygmie, from
irvypn, 'the fist; as big as  the  fist.'   A  dwarf.
The Pygmaei were a fabulous nation of dwarfs  in
the  extreme  parts of India; or, according  to
others, in Ethiopia.
  P\ GODID'YMUS, Did'ymii8 aymphyoperina'-
"*>  Rn<l"l''age8,  from irvyn, ' the nates,' and <5i<5u-
pos,  ' a twin.'  A monstrosity, in which twins are
united by the sacrum and coccyx.
  PYGOPAGES, Pygodidymus.
  PYICUS, Purulent.
  PYLE, Porta.
  PYLEMPHRAX'IS, from  tvXv, 'porta,' 'a
gate,'and cp<ppa^is, 'obstruction.'  Obstruction of
the vena porta?.
  P\TLOR'IC, Pylor'icus.  Same etymon as py-
lorus.  That which relates to the pylorus.  An
epithet given  to different parts.
  Pyloric  Artery, Arte'ria Corona'ria dextra,
(F.) Petite artere gastrique droite, arises from the
hepatic, and is  distributed to the pylorus and  to
the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing,
particularly, with the A. coronaria ventriculi and
A.  gastro-epiplo'iea dextra.
  Pyloric Vein follows the same distribution  as
the artery.
  PYLO'RUS, Jan'itor, Portona'rium, fromiruXi;,
'a  gate,' and ovpos, 'a guardian.'   Os'tium  ven-
tric'uli duodena'le seu pylor'icum seu dextrum seu
infe'rius,  Orific"ium dextrum seu inferius seu
Egres'sus seu Os infe'rius seu A n'nulus seu Sphinc-
ter  ventri'culi, Oatia'riua, Hostia'rius, (F.) Pylore.
The lower or right orifice of the stomach—Orifice
inteatinal (Ch.) — is  called Pylorua,  because  it
closes the entrance into the intestinal canal, and
is furnished with a circular, flattened, fibro-mu-
cous ring, which occasions the total  closure  of
the stomach during digestion in that organ. This
ring has  been called  the Valve of the Pylorua,
Sphincter Pylo'ri, Pylo'rua propria aic  dictua, (F.)
 Vtilru/e du pylore.  It is a fold of the mucous
and muscular membranes of the  stomach; and
is the  Pyloric muscle of some authors.
  PYOBLEXXICUS, Mucopurulent.
  PYOBLEXXORRHGl'A,   from  irvov,  'pus,'
PXtvru,  • mucus,' and poo, ' I flow.' A discharge
of puriform mucus.
  PYOCENO'SIS, from T7ir0i',  'pus,' and xtvtaats,
'evacuation.'  Evacuation of pus.
  PY'OCIIEZTA, Diarrha'a  purulen'ta, from
mur, ' pits,'  and  x^i01, 'Ig010 stool.'  Discharge
of pus by stool.   Purulent diarrhoea.
  PYOCGS'LIA, Asci'tce purulen'tua, from irvov,
3                 PYRAMID

 ' pus,  and xoiXta, ' the belly.'  Pus in the abdo-
 minal cavity.
   PYOCYSTIS, Vomica.
   PYODES, Purulent.
   PYCEDE'MA, from irvov,  'pus,' and otcifpa,
 'swelling.'  Tumefaction  of  the surface  owing
 to effusion of-pus.
   Pl'OEM'ESIS, Pyem'eaia, Vom'itua purulentna,
 from irvov, 'pus,' and cpcots, 'the act of vomiting.'
 Vomiting of pus.
   PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia.
   PYOGEN'IA, Puogen'ia, Pyogen'esis,  Pyopoe'-
 si's,  from irvov, 'pus,' and yivtats,  'generation.'
 Generation of pus.  The theory or mechanism of
 the formation  of pus.  Some have believed that
 pus  is formed by the arterial system, and is de-
 posited,  by way  of excretion,  in the  inflamed
 parts ; others,  that it is formed by the destruction
 of solid parts.  These opinions are, however, in-
 admissible ; and pus  is now  regarded as mainly
 the  product of a  particular secretion in the dis-
 eased part.
   Pyogenia Corrosiva, Ulceration—p.  Simplex,
 Suppuration.
   PYOGEN'IC, Pyogen'icua.  Same  etymon.
 Having relation to the formation of pus.
   PYOH^E'MIA, Pya'mia, from irvov, 'pus,' and
 'aipa, ' blood.'  Alteration of  the blood by pus.
   PYOID CORPUSCLES or GLOBULES, see
 Pus.
   PYOME'TRA, P. purulen'ta, from irvov, ' pus,'
 and piirpa, ' womb.'   A collection of pus in the
 uterus.
   Pyometra Purulenta, Pyometra.
   PYON, Pus.
   P YONEPHRITE, see Nephritis.
   PYONOMA, Pus.
   PYOOTORRHG3A, Otirrhosa.
   PYOPERICAR'DIA,  Pyopericar'dium,  from
 irvov, ' pus,' irepi, ' about,' and xapbia, ' the heart.'
 A collection of pus in the pericardium.
   PYOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon —p. Neonato-
 rum, see Ophthalmia  (purulenta infantum).
   PYOPLEURITE, Empyema.
   PYOPOESIS, Pyogenia.
   PYOPTYSIS, from irvov,  'pus,' and  irrvta, 'I .
 spit.'  Spitting of pus.
   PY'ORRHAG"IA,  from irvov, 'pus,' and payn,
 ' violent rupture.'  A sudden  discharge of a large
 collection of matter.
   PYORRHffl'A,  from irvov,  'pus,' and peta,  'I
 flow.'  A discharge of pus.
   Pyorrhoea Alvina,  Pyochezia—p.  Aurium,
 Otirrhosa — p. Nasalis,  Ozcena — p.  Palpebrae,
 Blepharopyorrhoea—p. Urinalis, Pyuria—p. Vi-
 arum lacrymalium, Dacryopyorrhcea.
   PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppuration
 — p. Pectoris, Empyema.
   PYOTHORAX  VERUS, Empyema.
   PYOTORRHEE,  Otorrhoea.
   PYOTURIA, Pyuria.
   PYR, Fever.
   PYRA, Anthrax—p. Crustuniina, Crustumina-
 tum—p. Crustumerina, Crustuminatum.
   PY'R'AMID, Pyr'amie, Eminen'tia pyramida'-
 lie tym'pani, from irvp, 'flame,' which has a coni-
 cal  appearance. (?)  A small  bony projection in
 the  cavity of the tympanum,  whieh is excavated.
 to lodge the  muscle of  the  stapes.  Also, the
 Centre-pin  of the trephine.   Also, a small, ob-
 tusely pointed eminence of the inferior vermiform
 process of the cerebellum.
   Pyramid, see Calumba—p.  of Malacarne, Ver
 miform process, inferior.
73 
PYRAMIDAL               734                 PYROSTS
  PYRAMIDAL DE VABDOMEN, Pyrami-
dalis abdominis — p. de la Cuisse, Pyramidalis —
p. du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi—p. Stapidien, Sta-
pedius.
  PYRAMID ALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.)
  PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOM'INIS,  Mua'culua
Fallo'pii vel anccenturia'tua vel auxilia'riua, (F.)
Pubio-ombilical, Pubio-aoua-umbilical, (Ch.,) Py-
ramidal de l'abdomen. A  small, fleshy, pyrami-
dal fasciculus, whose existence is not constant;
and which is inserted, by its base, into the upper
part of  the pubis, and terminates, by its summit,
at the inferior part of the linea  alba.  When it
contracts, it stretches the linea alba.
  Pyramida'lis, P. Fem'oris, Ili'acus exter'nua,
Pyriform'ia, Piriformis, Primus et superior quad-
rigem'inus,  (F.) Sacro-trochanterien  (Ch.),  Py-
ramidal de la cuiaae.   A  flat,  triangular muscle,
situate at the posterior part of the pelvis.  By its
base, it is attached to the anterior surface of the
sacrum ; to the corresponding surface of the great
sacro-sciatic  ligament and to the posterior part
of the  ilium.   It terminates  by a tendon, which
is attached to the inner surface of the great tro-
chanter.  This muscle is a rotator of the thigh
outwards, or of the pelvis in an opposite direction.
  Pyramidalis Femoris, Pyramidalis.
  Pyramida'lis  Nasi,  Proc"erua naai,  Nasum
dila'tans, (F.) Frontonasal (Ch.), Pyramidal du
nez.  A thin, triangular  muscle, which  has its
summit upwards.   Above, it  is continuous  with
the occipito-frontalis.  It descends vertically be-
fore the root of the nose, on which it terminates;
becoming  confounded with  the transversalis.
This  muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of the
nose transversely, and stretches that which covers
the tip.              #
  PY'RAMIDES, Corpora pyramidalia.  •
  PYR AMIDES  ANTERIEURES, Corpora
pyramidalia—p. Ferreini,  Ferrein, pyramids  of
—p. Malpighianae, Papillas of the kidney—p. Pos-
terienrea du cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
  PYRAMIDS OF  MALPIGHI, Papilla? of the
kidney—p. Posterior, Corpora restiformia — p.
of Wistar, Sphenoidal cornua.
  PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid—p. Cochlea?, Mo-
diolus—p. Trigona, see Temporal bone.
  PYRCJRA,  Incendium.
  'PYRECTICA, 'febrile;' from irvptros,  'fever.'
Fevers : the first order in the  class Hamatica of
Good.
  PYRENOIDES,  Odontoid.
  PYRETHRE, Anthemis pyrethrum.
  PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum, Urtica
—p. Parthenium,  Matricaria parthenium—p. Syl-
vestre, Achillea ptarmica.
  PYRETICO'SIS,  from  irvp,  'fire,'  irvptros,
'fever;' Morbua febri''lia.  A febrile affection.
  PYRETICUS,  Febrifuge.
  PYRETOGRAPHTA,  from  irvptros,   'fever,'
and  ypatpri,  'a description.'   A description of
fever.
  PYRETOL'OGY,  Pyretolog" ia, from irvptros,
'fever,'  and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  Pyrol'ogy.  A
treatise  on fevers.  A title sometimes given to a
monograph on fever.
  PYRETOS, Fever.
  PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent.
  PYREX'IA, Pyrex'ie.   Same  etymon  as  the
next.   Fever.  The febrile condition. Also, a
paroxysm of fever — Paroxyemua febri'lie.
  PYREXTiE, from irvp, ' fire.' Febrile diaeaaea.
The first class of Cullen's Nosology.
  PYRI MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizatum.
  PYRIA, Fomentation,  Vaporarium.
  PYR T ATER TUM, Vaporarium.
  PYRICAUSTUM, Burn.
  PYRIFORMIS. Pyramidalis.
  PYRIPH'LEGES,  irvpiipXcyns, from irvp, 'fire,
and  tpXtyta,  ' I burn.'  One who has a burning
fever.
  PYRITES, IRON, Ferri sulphuretum.
  PYRMONT, MINERAL  WATERS OF.  A
celebrated mineral spring, on the Weser, in West-
phalia, four leagues  from Hamelet.   The waters
are tonic, and  contain chlorides of sodium and
magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and
carbonates of iron, lime, and magnesia dissolved
in carbonic acid, with some resinous principles.
It is a highly carbonated chalybeate.
  Artificial Pyrmont Water may be formed
of Epaom salt,  gr. xv; common salt, gr. v; mag-
nesia,  gr.  x; iron-filings, gr. v ; water, Oiij.  Im-
pregnated with the gas from marble-powder and
sulphuric  acid, aa 3VU-
  PYRCENUS, Spiritus rectificatus.
  PY'R'OLA, P.rotundifo'Ua, Round-leaved Win-
tergreen.  Order, Pyrolaceas. This plant was once
used as a  gentle astringent and tonic.
  PYR'OLA  MACULA'TA,   Spotted  Pipsis'sewa,
Spotted Wintergreen, Whiteleaf,  White Pipsisse-
wci, King  cure, Ground holly, Rheumatism weed,
ic, has similar properties.
  Pyrola Umbella'ta,  Chimaph'ila vel  Chi-
moph'ila umbella'ta, C. Corymbo'sa, Ground-holly,
Pipsissewa,  Wintergreen, Rheumatism weed,Herbe
a pisser (Canada). This common American plant
is allied to  the uva ursi, in botanical as well  as
medical qualities.  It is tonic and diuretic.  The
bruised leaves irritate the  skin.  From the de-
ooction or infusion an  agreeable  beverage  may
be formed by adding sugar, ginger to flavour  it,
and  yeast to produce  fermentation.  Under the
name Pipsis'aewa Beer it has been used in scro-
fulous  affections.
  PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM,
Oleum animale Dippelii.
  PYROLIG'NEOUS ACID, Ac"idnm py-
roace'ticum, A. pyroligno'eum  seu pyroxyl'icum,
A.  ligni pyro-oleo'aum,  A.  ace'ticum empyren-
mat'icum, A. lig'neum,  Pyrolig'nic  acid,  (F.)
Acide  pyroligneux, Vinaigre de boia.  An acid,
obtained  by distillation,  from wood, coal,  <fec,
which  was once believed to be of a peculiar cha-
racter.  It is now known to be  formed  of acetic
acid and an empyreumatic oil, from which it may
be freed ;  and, in this state, is sold in commerce
for Acetum  distillatum.   It is  used  for similar
purposes as distilled vinegar, and for preserving
animal substances.   It has also been used as  an
antiseptic in gangrene and sphacelus, and to foul
ulcers ; wherever indeed creasote is indicated.—
The dose of the impure pyroligneous acid inter-
nally is from  five to thirty drops, three or four
times a day.
  PYROMA'NIA, Incen'diary monoma'nia, from
irvp,  ' fire,' and mania.  Insanity, with an  irre-
sistible desire to destroy by fire.
  PYROPH'AGUS, Ignir'orus, from irvp, 'fire,'
and tpayta, ' I eat.' One who eats fire. A juggler,
who eats bodies in a state of ignition.
  PYROS, Triticum.
  PYRO'SIS, from irvp, 'fire,'  'the act  of burn-
ing.' Ptyalis'mus pyros'icus, Lima'sis cardial'gia
sputato'ria,  Ardor stom'achi, A. ventric'iili,  Car-
dial'gia sputatoria, Pyrosis Suec"ica,  Apoceno'ait
vom'itus pyroaia,  Dyajiepaia pyroaia, Cnismoretf'-
mia, Ebullit"io atom'achi, Orex'ia (of some), Wa-
terbrtiah, Waterqualm, I'lack-water,  (F.) Ardew
de I'eatomac, Fer chaud,  Cremaaon, Soda,  Gor-
gaaaet.   This affection consists of a hot sensation
in the stomach,  with eructations  of an acrid,
burning liquid, that causes a distressing sensa- 
                PYROSOPHIA              7!

tion in the parts over which it passes.  Attention
to diet, and the use  of  bitter absorbents, will
usually relieve, when  the disease is functional.
Occasionally, it is symptomatic of organic disease
of the stomach.
   Pyrosis  also signified, of old,  inflammation^
gangrene, and a burn.
   Pyrosis Suecica, Pyrosis.
   PYROSOPHIA, Chymistry.
   PYROTECHNIA, Chymistry.
   PYROTECHNY, Pyrotech'ne, from irvp,  'fire,'
and nxvr), 'art.'   Art of making fire-works, <fec.
Also, chymistry.   M. Percy has used  the term
Pyrotechuie Chirurgicale  for the art of applying
fire or the actual cautery  in surgery.
   PYROTHONIDE, from irvp,  'fire,' and  oOovi,,
'linen.'   Liquor pyro-oleo'aua  e lin'teo para'tua.
A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro-
duced by  the  combustion of textures  of  hemp,
linen, or cotton in a copper vessel.  The  brown
product is acid.  Its medical properties probably
resemble  those of creasote.  Diluted with three
or four times its weight of water, it has been used
as a  gargle in cynanche tonsillaris, but  is not
now employed.
   It  is said, also, to be a popular remedy for
toothach and skin diseases. When prepared from
rags, it is called Rag oil; when from paper, Pa-
per oil.
   PYROTICUS, Caustic.
   P\rRUS CYDO'NIA, Cydo'nia malifor'mia seu
vulga'ris,  Sorbite  Cydo'nia, Cydo'nia,  Coto'nia,
 Quince Tree, (F.) Ooignaaeier.  Family,  Rosacea?.
 Sex. Syat. Icosandria  Pentagynia.   The fruit  is
termed Cydo'nium malum, Malum  canum, Malum
coto'neum, Melum  cydo'nium, Quince, (F.)  Coign.
  Q., see Abbreviation.
  QUABEBE, Piper cubeba.
  QUACK, Charlatan.
  QUACK-MEDICINE, Arcanum.
  QUACKSALVER, Charlatan.
  QUADRANS, Quarta para libra.  A quarter
of a pound.   Three ounces (Troy).
  QUADRANTAL, Amphora.
  QUADRATUS,  Depressor labii inferioris — q.
Dorsi, Q. lumborum.
  Quadra'tus Fem'oris, Quadratus, from qua-
dra,  ' a square.'   Quartus quadrigem'inus quad-
ratus, (F.) Tuber-iachio-trochantirien ( Ch.), Is-
chio-aoua-trochantirien,  Carri de  la Cuisse.   A
muscle situate at the posterior and upper part of
the thigh.    It  is thin, flat, and quadrilateral,
and is attached to the outer part of the tuberosity
of the ischium ; whence it proceeds transversely
to the inferior part of the posterior margin of the
great trochanter.  It rotates the limb,  turning
the toe outwards.
  Quadratus Gen.k, Platysma myoides—q. Ra-
dii. Pronator radii quadratus.
  Quadratus Lumbo'rum,  Quadratus seu Lum-
ba'ria externua, Flectena par lumbo'rum, Qnadra'-
tua dorai,  (F.) Rio-coatal, (Ch.) Ilio-lombi-coatal,
Carri dea lombes.   A flat, somewhat thick, irre-
gularly quadrilateral  muscle, situate in the loins,
at the sides  of  the vertebral column.   It is at-
tached,  below, to the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar
ligament; and above, to the inferior margin of
the last  rib j and besides, to the base of the trans-
                QUANDROS

Quince-seeds—Cydo'nium (Ph.  U. S. 1851)—are
sometimes used in decoction as a demulcent. The
fruit makes a pleasant preserve.
  Pyrus Domestica, Sorbus domestica.
  Pyrus Malus, Malua, M. daayphyl'la seu com-
mu'nia seu aylvea'tria, Sorbua  malua, Mclea, the
Ajjple  Tree, (F.) Pommier.  The  apple — (F.)
Pontine—is an agreeable fruit when ripe.  When
unripe, it disagrees, especially with those of weak
digestive powers.  The  same may be said of the
pear, (F.) Poire; the fruit of the Pyrua commu'-
nia, Apioa, P. Sorbua, P. Sati'rci, (F.) Poirier.
  Apple Brandy is  a spirituous liquor obtained
from the juice of the apple, and much used in the
United States.
  PYTIA, Colostrum.
  PYTISMA, Sputum, Sperm.
  PYUL'CON, from irvov,  'pus,' and 'tXxta,  T
extract.'  (F.) Tire-pue.  A surgical instrument
for extracting pus from any cavity.  Many pyulca
have been employed, all of which act as exhausting
syringes.
  PYU'RIA, Pyotu'ria,Pyorrhce'aurina'lis,from
irvoi', ' pus,'  and ovpov, ' urine.'   Discharge of pu-
rulent urine : a  symptom which  occurs in  many
diseases;  particularly in  cases of renal calculi,
and  in organic affections of the bladder.   It re-
ceives  various epithets, according to the  part
whence the pus proceeds: — as Pyuria urethra'lis,
P. rena'lis, and P. vesica'lis.
  Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria — p. Lactea, Chy-
luria— p. Mucosa,  Cystirrhoea — p. Serosa, Cys-
tirrhoea— p. Viscida, Cystirrhoea.
  PY'XIS, irv£ts.  A box; a pill-box.   Also,  an
emollient ointment. — Ae'tius, and Paulus.
  Pyxis,  Boite, see  Cotyloid.
verse processes of the last four lumbar vertebras.
This muscle  inclines the loins to its side; de-
presses the last rib, and is thus a muscle of respi-
ration.  It can also raise the hip.
  QUADRIGEMTNA TUBER'CULA, Eminen'-
tia Quadrigem'inm seu Bigem'ina, Optic Lobes,
Optic Ganglia, Pons  Syl'vii,  Cor'pora quadri-
gem'ina, Natea et Teatea, Corpora bigem'ina, (F.)
Tuberclee  qitadrijumeaux, Eminencee  bigeminies.
Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior
surface of the  tuber  annulare.  They are white,
externally ; gray,  internally ; oblong: rounded ;
connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves,
which divide them crucially.   Of these tubercles
— the superior, called natea, Tuber'cula anterio'ra,
Glu'tia, are larger and more prominent than the
lower,  called teatea, Tuber'cula poeterio'ra.  The
pineal  gland  corresponds exactly to the point
of intersection of  the  two furrows that separate
them.
   QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE-
RIOR, Pyramidalis—q. Quadratus quartus, Qua-
dratus femoris — q.  Secundus et  tertius, Ischio-
trochanterianus.
   QUADROON, see  Mulatto—q. Black, see Mu-
latto.
   QUAFADIL. Mi?lanthium Virginicum.
   QUAHOIL,  Cacao.
   QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix.
   QUA MAS II. EASTERN. Scilla esculenta.
   QUANDROS.   Ancient name  for a preciou?
stone, believed to  exist in the brain of the vul-
Q.
15 
QUARANTINE
736
QUINIA
 ture;  and to which was attributed the property
 of augmenting  the secretion of milk,  and pre-
 serving  from deadly  accidents.  No such stone
• exists.
   QUAR'ANTINE,  Quarantine,  Quarentaine,
 from(I.) Quaranti'na, itself from quaranta, 'forty.'
 (F.)  Quarantaine.  The time during which tra-
 vellers, returning from a country where the plague
 or any other pestilential disease exists, are com-
 pelled to remain on board ship or in a- lazaretto.
 They, as well  as  the ship, are said ' to perform
 quarantine.'  Quarantine is sometimes extended
 beyond  forty days, whilst  its  duration is  fre-
 quently much  less. It is sometimes enforced by
 land; for example, when contagious diseases  re-
 quire the establishment of cordons sanitaires, and
 when persons are desirous of leaving infected dis-
 tricts.   During quarantine, no communication is
 allowed between the travellers and the inhabit-
 ants of  the  country.   Quarantine is a  great im-
 pediment to commerce;  and is, doubtless, very
 frequently enforced when  there is but little dan-
 ger of contagion.  The evils, however, that might
 arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading
 contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to induce
 legislators to maintain  these laws in perhaps  an
 unnecessary degree of rigour.
    QUARTAN, 'of or  belonging to the fourth.'
 Quarta'na Febris, An'etus Quarta'nua, Tetarta'ua,
 Quartan Ague, (F.) Quarte.  An intermittent, the
 paroxysms  of  which  recur  every fourth day,
 leaving between them two days' interval.  We
 speak also of the Quartan Type. A Double Quar-
 tan is one in which one paroxysm  occurs on the
 third and  another on the second  day,  so that
 there is  only one  day of apyrexia and two of
 paroxysms  in  succession ; — the paroxysms  of
 every fourth day resembling each other.  A Tri-
 ple Quartan is  one in which there is a paroxysm
 every day; and on every three days the paroxysms
 correspond. A reduub'ling or repeating quartan,
 (F.) Fievre  quarte doublee, is one in which there
 are two paroxysms every fourth day.  See Inter-
 mittent.
    QUARTANUS  REMITTENS, Tetartophia.
    QUARTA'RIUS.  An ancient measure, equal
 to one-fourth of the sextarius.   See Weights and
 Measures.
    QUARTE, Quartan.
    QUARTERON,  see  Mulatto —q. Black,  see
 Mulatto.
    QUARTIO, Astragalus.
    QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristerna'lis.  The
 fourth osseous portion of the sternum, correspond-
 ing to the fourth intercostal space.— Beclard.
    QUASSATIO, Conquassation.
    QUASSATURA, Conquassation.
    QUAS'SIA,  Quassia ama'ra, Quasay, Quaaaia
 excel'sa,  Picra' na  excel'sa, Febrifugum lignum,
 Lofty Bitterwood  Tree, Bitter-aah, (F.) Quaasie.
 A West India tree, from which is  obtained  the
 Lignum Quaaaia, Quaaaia,  (Ph. U. S.)   It is an
 intensely  durable  bitter,  without  astringency;
 and has been employed as a tonic and stomachic.
 It is generally given in  the form of infusion. The
 bitter principle is called Quaaain.
    Quassia  Simarou'ba, Simarouba, Simaruba,
 S. offtcina'lia, Euon'ymua, Bitter Simaruba, Moun-
 tain Damson.   The  bark  of  the  Simarouba is
 bitter, and not  unpleasant.  Both  water and  al-
 cohol extract  its virtues.   It  is not astringent.
 It is exhibited wherever a simple tonic is required.
    QUASSIN, see Quassia.
    QUATERNTO, Astragalus.
    QUATRE EPICES, see Myrtus  pimenta.
    QUATRIO, Astragalus.
    QUEASINESS, Nausea.
  QUEEN'S  DELIGHT, Stillingia —q. of tho
Meadows, Spinea ulmaria—q. Root, Stillingia.
  QUERCINI HERBA,  Lichen plicatus.
  QUERCULA MINOR, Teucrium chamasdrys.
  QUERCUS ALBA, the White Oak; Quercus
Robur, the Common  Oak; Q. Tincto'ria, tho
Black  Oak; Q. RUBRA monta'na, the Red Oak
or Spaniah Oak; Family, Amentacea?; Sex. Syst.
Moncecia Polyandria; (F.) Chene.  The bark of
all these varieties is, probably, alike in medicinal
properties. It is powerfully astringent and tonie,
and has been used internally in intermittents, and
externally in decoction,  as  an astringent wash,
where  such is indicated.
  Acorna, Oecea,  A'ueea  Quercua, (F.)  Glunda,
were at one time  much used as food ; and a de-
coction of them was  once recommended in dys-
entery and diarrhoea, in  glandular obstructions,
<fec.  A pessary made of them has been advised
in immoderate flow of the menses.   They are not
now used.
  Quercus Infecto'ria.  A tree of Asia Minor,
which  affords Turkey Galia,  A'ut  Galia,  Gtilla
Tur'cica, G. Querci'na, 67. Tincto'ria, Nux Galia,
Galia max'ima orbicula'ta, Cicia, Cuaaenolea, Gal-
la, Galia, Gall-nut, (F.) Noix de Galle.   The nut-
gall—Galia (Ph. U. S.)—is a morbid protuberance
or tubercle, produced by  the puncture of the Di-
plo'lepie  Galia   Tincto'ria or Cynipe  Quercua
folii.  It is powerfully astringent and tonic, and
has been employed in diarrhoea, intestinal hemor-
rhage,  and intermittents:  but is  chiefly  used,
externally, in gargles and injections.  The pow-
der, made into an ointment with lard, is used in
piles.
  Quercus Coccifera, see  Kermes—q. Marina,
Fucus  vesiculosus—q. Suber, see Suber.
  QUEUE DE  CHEVAL,  Cauda equina,, see
Medulla spinalis—q.  de la Moelle ipinilre, Cauda
equina—q. de Pourceau,  Peueedanum.
  QUICK-IN-THE-HAND, Impatiens.
  QUICKEN TREE, Sorbus acuparia.
  QUICK'ENING, from Sax. epiccan. ' *•> poke
alive.'   The period of gestation when  il     ,,tion
of the foetus first becomes perceptible.  This usu-
ally occurs about the eighteenth  week,  and was
at one time  erroneously believed  to mark the
time at which the fcetus becomes  alive—Anima'-
tio fcetita.  It need scarcely be said, that it pos-
sesses  the principle  of life from the moment of
the union of the materials furnished by the  sexes
at a fecundating  copulation.  When the motion
is felt,  the female is said  to be 'quick with child.'
  QUICKENS, Triticum repens.
  QUICKLIME, Calx viva.
  QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum.
  QUIES, Acinesia.
  QUINA, Quinine—q. Quina, Cinchona.
  QUIN.E ACETAS, SULPHAS, <fec,  see Qui-
nias Acetas, <fec.
  QUINCE, see  Pyrus cydonia—q. Tree, Pyrus
cydonia.
  QUINIA, Quinine—q. Acetate of, Quinias acetas
—q. Amorphous,  see Quinia, extract of—q. Arsen-
iate of, Quinia? arsenias—q. and Cinehonia, tannate
of, Quinia? et Cinehonia? tannas—q. Arsenite of,
Quinia? arsenis—q. Citrate of, Quinia? citras.
  Quinia, Extract of, Qui'nia sulphaa impu'rus.
A preparation which  consists in evaporating the
liquor  poured off the crystals of sulphate of quinia,
to the  consistence of a pilular mass.
  It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, and
its  active principle  appears to  be amorphous
quinia.  Twenty-four grains will  generally arrest
ague.
  Quinia, Ferrocyanate of, Quinias ferrocynnas
— q. Hydriodate  of,  Quinias hydriodas — q. Im-
pure sulphate of, Quinia, extract of— q. Iodhy- 
                   QUINLE

drate of, Quinia? hydriodas—q. Iodide of, Quinia?
hydriodas—q. Iodide of,Iodhydrate of, see Quinia?
hydriodas —q. Ioduret of, Quinias hydriodas — q.
and Iron,  Hydriodate  of, see  Quinia, Iodide of
Iodhydrate of—q.' Lactate  of,  Quiniae lactas—q.
and Mercury, protochloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et
Quinias  Protochloridum — q. Muriate of, Quinias
murias—q. Nitrate of, Quinias nitras — q. Phos-
phate  of, Quinia? phosphas—q. Sulphate of, Qui-
nine, sulphate of.
  QUI'NITE ACETAS, Chi'nium ace'ticum, Ace'-
taa Chi'nii seu Cliini'ni seu chi'nicua seu Qui'nia
seu Quina seu Quini'ni seu Kini'ni, Quina ace'-
tica, Acetate of Qui'nia or of Quinine.  Prepared
by  saturating  Quinia with diluted  acetic  acid.
Has the properties of the other salts  of Quinia.
  Quin-ij-;  Arsen'ias,  Quini'na seu  Qui'nia Ar-
een'iaa, Chini'num Araenico'aum seu Araenic"icum,
Arseniate of  Quinia or of Quina or of Quinine.
Formed by the union of arsenic acid and quinia.
Employed as  an antiperiodic in the dose of from
three quarters of a grain to a grain and a half in
the twenty-four hours.
  Quinine  Ar'senis, Q. Diar'senia,  Ar'aenite  of
Qui'nia.  A  salt resulting from  the double  de-
composition of araenite of potaaaa and sulphate
of quinia.   It has been used in chronic cutaneous
diseases; and as  an antiperiodic in ague, neu-
ralgia, Ac.  Dose, one-third of a grain, three times
a day.
  Quinine  Citras,  Quinia  seu   Chini'ni  citras,
Citras chi'nicua seu qui'nicua, Chi'nium seu Chi-
iii'num Ci'tricum,  Citrate of Quinia,  of Quina, or
of  Quinine.   Formed  from the  union  of  citric
acid and quinia.  It has the  same properties  as
the sulphate.
  Quini.e et Cinchonine Tannas, Chini'num seu
Chi'nium tan'nicum, Tannate of Quinia and Cin-
cho'nia. This salt has the same properties as the
salts of quinia in general.
   Quinine Diarsenis, Quinias Arsenis.
   Quinine  Ferrocy'anas,  Chi'nium ferrocyano-
gena'tum seu ferrohydrocyan'icum, Ferrocy'anate
or  hydrocyanoferrate of Quinia  or  of  Quinine.
This salt is obtained by the decomposition of aul-
phate of quinia by means of a solution of ferro-
cyanuret of potaaaium.   It  has all the properties
of  sulphate of quinia, and, according to some, in
a superior degree.
   Quini.e Hydri'odas, Chini'num hydriod'icum,
Hydriodate or Iodhydrate of Quinia ; called, also,
lodure'tum seu lod'iduin  Qui'nia,  lod'uret  or
I'odide of Qui'nia, (F.) Hydriodate ou Iodhydrate
de  Quinine, lodure  de  Quinine.   This is formed
by precipitating aulphate of quinia by means  of
iodide of potaaaium.  Given in scrofulous  affec-
tions ; half a grain  to a grain,  three  times a day,
to  a child.
   An  iodide and a biniodide have been formed;
the latter made by mixing double the quantity of
the iodide of potassium with the sulphate of quinia.
   An  Iodide of  Iodhy'drate of  Qui'nia, (F.)
lodure d'Iodhydrate de Quinine, is prepared by
pouring into an acid solution of quinia a solution
of  iodide  of  iron, containing  a  slight excess  of
iodine.  The  precipitate is treated  with boiling
alcohol: the liquor filtered, and  crystals suffered
to  form.  The salt possesses all the properties of
the other salts of quinia.  Under the name, Hy-
driodate of Iron  and Quinia, a  preparation has
been introduced by Mr. Battley.   It is possessed
of  tonic and antiperiodic virtues.
   Quinim Iodidum, Quiniae hydriodas—q. Iodu-
retum, Quinine hydriodas.
   Quini.e Lactas,  Quina lactas, Chini'num lac'-
ticum, Lactate of Qui'nia or  of  Quinine.   Made
by the action of lactic acid on quinia.  Used in
the same cases as the other salts  of quinia.
         ■L7
7                  QUININE

   Ql'i'xijE  Mu'rias, Chi'nium muriat'icum  seu
sali'tum  seu hydrochlo'ricum,  Mu'rias chi'nicua,
Muriate  of Quinia or of Quinine.   May be pre-
pared by dissolving quinia in dilute muriatic acid.
Given as an antiperiodic.  Dose, half a grain to
a grain.
   Quinia  Nitras, Chi'nium seu  Chini'num  ni'-
tricum, Nitrate of Quinia or of Quinine.  May be
formed by the addition of nitric acid to quinia.
Its properties are those of the sulphate of quinia.
   Quinine  Phosphas,  Chi'nium  seu Chini'num
phosphor'icum,  Phoajyhate of Quinia or of Qui-
nine; may be prepared by the addition of  dilute
])hosphoric acid to quinia.  It is thought by many
to be next to the sulphate of quinia in its remedial
powers.
   Quinine  Sulphas, Quinine, sulphate of.
   Quini.e  Valeria'nas,  Chini'num seu Chi'nium
 Valerian'icum,  Valerianate  of Quinia, of Quina,
or  of Quinine;  may be formed by  the  union of
valerianic acid with quinia.  It has the proper-
ties of the salts of quinia.
   QUININE, Qui'nia, Quina, Kini'nnm, Chini'-
num, Quinina.   An alkaline, un crystallizable sub-
stance ; under the form of a porous, whitish  mass :
almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol  and
ether.  It forms, with acids, salts  that are in gen-
eral  soluble.  It  is obtained from  different  cin-
chonas, but chiefly from the yellow, and  is the
active principle of those valuable drugs.
   Quinine, Acetate of,  Quinias  acetas — q. Ar-
seniate of, Quinias arsenias — q. Arsenite of, Qui-
niae  arsenis — q.  Citrate of, Quinias citras — q.
Ferrocyanate of, Quinia? ferrocyanas — q. Hydri-
odate de, Quinias hydriodas — q. Iodhydrate de,
Quiniae hydriodas — q.  Iodide of, Quinias hydrio-
das—q. lodure  de, Quinias hydriodas — q. lodure
d'iodhydrate de, Quinia, iodide of iodhydrate of—
q. Lactate of, Quinias lactas — q. Muriate of, Qui-
nia?  murias — q.  Nitrate of, Quinias  nitras — q.
Phosphate of, Quinias phosphas.
   Quinine, Quina or Quinia, Sulphate of, Qui-
nia  seu  Qui'na  seu  Quini'na  Sulphite, Quina
Disul'phas, Chi'nium  seu Chini'num  Sulphu'ri-
cum, (F.)  Sulfate de Quinine — the salt usually
employed  in  medicine—occurs in  needles of a
pearly and satiny appearance.  It  is employed
with great  success in  the treatment of intermit-
tents ; and is available in many cases, where the
bark in substance could not  be retained, or  would
be injurious.  Dose, as a tonic from  3 to 10  grains
in  the 24  hours.   As an antiperiodic  it may be
carried much farther.   Its action, in a large dose,
is decidedly sedative.   It is  obtained, by treating
the yellow bark with sulphuric acid.  The follow-
ing form is adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States,—Cinchon. flav. in pulv. crass. Ibiv;
Acid, muriat. f^iij ;  Calcis,  in pulv. 3*v; Aqua,
cong. v; Acid.  Sulphur.,' Alcohol;  Carbon, ani-
mal, aa q. s.  Boil the bark in one-third of the
water mixed  with the one-third  of the muriatic
acid, and  strain through linen.  Boil the residue
twice successively with the same quantity of acid
and water as  before, and strain.  Mix the decoc-
tions, and, while the liquor  is  hot, gradually add
the  lime,  previously mixed with  two pints of
water, stirring constantly, until the quinia is com-
pletely precipitated.  Wash the precipitate with
 distilled water, and having  pressed  and dried it,
 digest it in boiling alcohol.  Pour off the  liquor
and  repeat the digestion several  times, until the
 alcohol  is  no longer rendered bitter.  Mix tho
liquors, and distil off the alcohol, until a  brown
 viscid mass remains.  Upon this  substance, re-
 moved from the vessel, pour about half a  gallon
 of distilled water, and having heated the mixture
 to the boiling  point, add as much sulphuric  acid
I as may be necessary to dissolve the impure  aliJi.
7-: 
QUININISM
738
RACHITIS
Then add an ounce and a half of animal charcoal;
boil  for two minutes; filter the liquor while hot,
and set it aside to crystallize.   Should the liquor,
before  filtration, be entirely neutral, acidulate it
very slightly with sulphuric acid.  Should  it, on
the contrary, change  the colour of litmus paper
to a bright red, add more animal charcoal.  Sep-
arate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve  them
in boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphu-
ric acid, add a little  animal  charcoal, filter and
set aside to crystallize.  Wrap the crystals in
bibulous paper, and dry  with a gentle heat.   The
mother-waters may be made to yield an additional
quantity of sulphate  of quinia by precipitating
the quinia with solution  of ammonia, and treating
the precipitated alkali with water, sulphuric acid,
and animal charcoal, as  before.
   Quinine,  Tannate of, Quiniae et cinchonias
tannas—q. Valerianate of, Quinia? valerianas.
   QUINI'NISM, Quininis'mus, Quinism,  Cin'-
chonism.  The aggregate of encephalic or neuro-
pathic phenomenainduced by over-doses of quinia.
   QUINOIDINE, Chinioidine.
   QUINQUEFOLIUM,Potentillareptans—Quin-
quefolium majus, Potentilla reptans.
   QUINQUINA, Cinchona—q. Aromatiqne, Cro-
ton cascarilla— q.  Bicolor,  Cinchonas  Caribasas
cortex — q. Faux de Virginie, Cusparia  febrifuga
—q.  Gris de Loxa, Cinchona?  laneifolias  cortex—
q. Jaune, Cinchonas cordifolias cortex—q. Orange,
Cinchonas laneifolias cortex—q. Piton, Cinchona?
Caribasas cortex—q. Rouge, Cinchonas oblongifo-
lias cortex.
   QUINSEY,  Cynanche tonsillaris—q. Nervous,
Angone—q. Wolf, Lycanche.
   QUINTAN,  Febris quinta'na, F. pempta'a, F.
quinta;  from quintua, 'a fifth.'  A fever whoso
paroxysms return  only  every five  days inclus-
ively ; and between which there are, consequently,
three days of apyrexia,
   QUINTE, (F.)   This  word  is used  synony-
mously with paroxysm or fit, when speaking of
cough,—as une Quinte de Toux—'a fit of cough-
ing.'  Also,  the influenza.
   QUINTEFEUILLE, Potentilla reptans.
   QUINTERON,  see Mulatto —q.  black,  see
Mulatto.
   QUINTES, see  Pertussis.
   QUINTESSENCE, Quinta Eaaen'tia.  A name
formerly  given  to  alcohol, impregnated  with  the
principles of some drug.  It was, consequently,
often synonymous with Alcoholic tincture.  The
most volatile  principles of  bodies  were,  also,
called Qnintca'aencee.
   QUINTI'STERNAL.  The  fifth osseous por-
tion  of the sternum.   It corresponds  to the 5'h
and 6th intercostal spaces.
   QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa.
   QUOTIDTAN, Quotidia'nua, Ephe'merua,—it-
self  from quotidii, 'daily.'   That which  takes
place every day.
   Quotid'ian Fever, Febria qnotidia'na  sen he-
mere'aia seu hemer'ina, Q. ague, An'etua qnotitli-
a'nus, Cathe'merus, Cathemer'inus, Methcmer'inos,
Amphemer'inos, Amphimer'inus, Amphe'merus, Fe-
bris  amphe'mera sen methemer'ina seu metheme'-
ria,  Quotidia'nua,  (F.) Fievre qnotidienne,  is  an
intermittent, the paroxysms of which recur every
day.
  A aimple, double, or triple quotidian, is a quo-
tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms in
the 24 hours.
R.
  R is  placed  at the commencement of  a pre-
scription, as a contraction of Rec"ipe.  (See Ab-
breviation.)  Originally, it was  the sign  l\.  of
Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a formula,
to propitiate the king of the gods, that the com-
pound misrht act favourably.
  RABDOIDES, (SUTURA,) Sagittal suture.
  RABID, Rab'idus, (F.) Rabiqne, Rabiiique,
from rabiea, ' canine madness.'  That which  be-
longs to hydrophobia; as rabid virus, Ac.
  RABIEIQUE, Rabid.
  RABIES CANINA, Hydrophobia.
  RABIQUE, Rabid.
  RAGAHOUT, Amylum  querneum.   A  name
given by the Arabs to the starch prepared from
an edible acorn obtained from Quercua Ilex, but,
according to Plagge, the  so  called Racahout of
the Arabs,  sold in Paris, is a compound of pota-
toe  starch,  chocolate, and  aromatics,—as vanilla.
  RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum montanum.
  RACE, from radice, abl. of radix,  'root,' breed.
The union or aggregate of individuals whose con-
formation  or particular  condition differs percep-
tibly from  those of neighbouring varieties.  In
the human species,  several races  are designated.
See Homo.
  RACEMEUX, Raeemosus.
  RACEMO'SUS,  Rac"emoua, Rac"emose, (F.)
Hacemenx.   In clusters, like grapes.
  RACE'MUS.  A  cluster—as of grapes.
  RACHAMEL'CA, from  Hebr. nm (rechem)
'the womb,' and T7D (molech,) 'a king:' Recha-
mal'ca.  A peculiar formative principle, supposed,
by Dolasus, to exist in the uterus.
  RACHE, Porrigo.
  RACHLEI, Rachiasi.
  RACHIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rhachiodynia,
Vertebral  disease—r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesen-
terica,—r. Pictoniensium, Colic, metallic—r. Pic-
tonum, Colic, metallic.   _,
  RACHIALGIE AIESENTf:RIQUE, Tabes
mesenterica.
  RACHIALGITIS, Rhachialgitis.
  RACHIDIAN ARTERIES, Spinal arteries—r.
Bulb, see Medulla oblongata—r. Canal, Vertebral

  RACHIOPHYMA, Rachiphyma.
  RACHIPHY'MA, Rhachiphy'ma,  Rachiophy-
ma,  Tumor Dorai, from 'pa^cj, ' the spine,' and
tpvpa, 'a tumour.'  A tumour on the  spine or on
the back.
  RACHIS, Vertebral column.
  RACHIS'AGRA, Rhachie'agra, Rhach'iagra,
Rhach'eagra, Rhachid'agra, Rhachi'tis spina'lis,
from 'pa^i?, 'the spine,' and aypa,  'a seizure.'  A
gouty or rheumatic affection of the spine.
  RACHIT^E, Rhachitas.
  RACHIT'IC,  Rachit'icus, Rhaehit'icue, (F.)
Rachitique.   Same etymon as the  next.  Re.
lating or appertaining to, or affected with rickets
Weak, feeble  in the joints; defective in  develop-
ment.
  RACHI'TIS,  Rhachi'tie,  from  'paxn, 'the
spine,' and itis,  a  suffix denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the spine.  Also, Cyrto'sis Ra'- 
RACHITISME
mo
RADICAL
chia, Cyrton'osus, Morbus Aug'liens, Oa'teomala'cia
Infan'tum, Tabee pectorca; Innutritio oeeium, Spina
nodo'sa, Rachitie'mua,  English  diaeaae,  Ricketa;
from 'paxis. 'the spine.' (F.) Rachitieme, A'ounre.
A  disease  characterized by crookedness  of the
long bones; swelling of their extremities; crooked
spine; prominent abdomen; large head; and often
precocity of intellect.  It is accompanied by lean-
ness, general debility, indigestion; and frequently
induces atrophy and hectic.  Rickets occurs, par-
ticularly,  during the first years of existence, in
weakly children,  born of  rickety or scrofulous
parents; brought  up in damp  or confined situa-
tions ; who are badly nourished, and do not take
sufficient exercise.  The progress and termination
of the disease are very variable.  Some children
gradually  recover their health:  others become
more and  more deformed, and ultimately die of
consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease.
The treatment is  almost wholly hygienic.  Pure
air; a healthy situation; nourishing  diet; exer-
cise ; sea or common cold bathing, and  tonics,
afford the best prospect of  success.
   Rachitis Adultorum, Mollities ossium.
   RACHITISME, Rachitis.
   RACHO'SIS, Rhacho'aia, Rako'eia, from 'paxota,
or 'paxota, ' I wrinkle.'  A relaxation of the scro-
tum.   Propto'ma seu  lax'itaa Scroti, Scrotum
pen'dulum.  An excoriation of the relaxed scro-
tum. — Dictionaries.
   RACINE A  BECQUET, Geranium moscha-
tuui — 7-. de Bengal,  Cassumuniar—r.  de Charcia,
Dorstenia contrayerva — r. de Dracke, Dorstenia
tontrayerva — r. dea Philippinea, Dorstenia  con-
trayerva— r. de Safran, Curcuma longa — r. de
Saint  Eaprit, Angelica — r. Salivaire, Anthemis
pyrethrum — r.  de Turbeth, Convolvulus  turpe-
thum.
   RACINES DU CERVELET, Corpora resti-
formia.
   R AC LURES DES BOY AUX, Ramenta in-
testinorum.
   RACORNISSEMENT,  (¥.) from ee racornir,
' to shrivel in the fire  as leather does.'  Cor'nifi-
cation. A  physical property,  possessed by ani-
mal substances, which consists in a kind of con-
tractility, accompanied with sudden  corrugation
and curling.   It  is produced  by heat, and  by
chemical agents, especially by the strong mineral
acids.
   RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura aloes
composita.
   RADESYGE, Radzyge.
   RADEZYGE, Radzyge.
   RADIAD, see Radial aspect.
   RA'DIAL, Radia'lia, from  radiua, a hone of
the forearm.  That which relates to the radius.
   RADIAL ANTERIEUR, Palmaris magnus.
   Radial Artery,  A. extern'a Cu'biti.  It arises
from the brachial, at the upper and anterior part
of the forearm ; descends on the outer side as far
as  the lower part of the  radius, and  proceeds
downwards and backwards towards the superior
extremity  of the space which separates the first
two metacarpal bones.  It then bflries itself in
the palm of the hand, where  it forms the pro-
found or radial palmar arch.  The radial artery
gives off the recurrent radial, several radio-mus-
cular branches, the transverse palmar radio-carpal
artery, the external superficial-  artery of the palm
of the hand, the external doraal of the thumb, the
dorsalis carpi,  dorsal interosseous artery of the
index, &c.
   Radial  Aspect.  An aspect towards the side
on which the radius  is situated. — Barclay.  Ra-
diad  is used by the same  writer, adverbially, to
signify ' towards the radial aspect.'
  RADIAL EXTERNE PREMIER,  see  Ra-
dialis—r. Externe second, see Radialis—r. Grand,
see Radialis.
  Radial  Nerve,  Radio-digital  (Ch.), Spiral
Ncrre, Spiral muscular N., Musculo-apiral nerve,
arises from the four inferior branches of the  bra-
chial  plexus.  It is, at first, situate behind the
other nerves of the plexus.  It then becomes en-
gaged between the three portions of the triceps
brachialis,  passes behind  the humerus,  and de-
scends between  the supinator longus  and  bra-
chialus internus, as far as opposite the upper ex-
tremity of  the radius.  In its course it gives nu-
merous filaments to the triceps, supinator longus,
extensor  carpi radialis longior, and to the inte-
guments.   Opposite the  upper extremity of the
radius it divides into  two branches;—the one
poaterior, which turns backwards into the  sub-
stance of the supinator brevis, and when it has
reached the space  between the  two layers of
muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm,
divides into a great number of filaments, whieh
are distributed to those muscles, and to the inte-
guments of the hand.   The other branch is ante-
rior: it descends before the supinator brevis and
the radius; until, near the inferior third of that
bone, it engages itself between the tendons of the
supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis  lon-
gior;  and, becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous,
divides into two  branches,  whose filaments are
distributed to the  integuments of  the  thumb,
index, middle  finger, to  the outside of the  ring
finger, and to the first interosseous muscle of the
back of the hand.
  RADIAL PETIT, see Radialis.
  Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the sarr.
course as the radial artery.
  RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS BRE'VIOR,  Ex-
ten'sor Carpi Radialis Bre'vior, Radialis secun
due,  (F.)  Second radial  externe,  Petit  radial,
Epicondylo-.sus-mi.tacarpien, (Ch.)   An  extensor
muscle of the wrist, situate beneath the extensor
carpi radialis longior.   It is attached, above, to
the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter-
minates below, by a long tendon,  inserted  into
the posterior part of the upper extremity of the
third bone of the metacarpus.  It has the same
uses as the next muscle.
  Radia'lis  Exter'nus Lon'gior,  Extenaor
Carpi Radia'lis Lon'gior, Radialie externus pri-
mus, (F.) Premier radial externe, Grand radial,
Humiro sus-mitacarpien,  (Ch.)  It is  seated at
the outer part of the forearm; is thin, but thicker
on the outside than on the inside.   It is attached,
above, to the inferior part of the outer edge, and
to the corresponding tuberosity, of the humerus;
and  terminates,  below,  by a long  tendon, which
is attached to the superior extremity of the second
bone of the metacarpus.   It extends the hand on
the forearm.
  Radialis Externus Brevior, see Radialis—.
r. Externus primus, see  Radialis — r. Extensor
longior, see Radialis—r. Internus, Palmaris mag-
nus— r. Secundus, see Radialis.
  RAD'IATED, Radio'tus, from radius, 'a ray;'
(F.) Rayonne.  That which is arranged in rays;
in lines,  diverging from  a common  centre.  An
epithet given  to several ligaments, ic, as to
those which unite the ribs to the sternum ; those
which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior
extremity, <fec.
  Radiated Substance of the  Kidney, seo
Kidney.
  RADTCAL, Radica'lis, from radix, 'a root.'
A radical cure, cura radica'lia, is one in which
the disease is destroyed, as it were, from the root-
It is used in opposition to jjalliative cure.
  Radical Moisture,  Humidum radicale. 
RADICES
740
RALE
  Radical Vessels, Vaa'cular Rad'iclea, (F.)
Radicnles vaaculairea, are the small vessels that
take their  origin in  the  tissues, and by their
union form larger vessels.
  RADICES OSSIS  HYOIDEI,  Cornua ossis
hyoidei.
  RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicia, 'a root,'
and secure, 'to cut.'  One  employed in collecting
and preparing plants was formerly so called.
  RADICULA, Raphanus hortensis.
  RADICULES  VASCULAIRES, Radical ves-
sels.
  RADII CILIARES, Ciliary processes.
  Radii  Frontis.  The folds or wrinkles of the
forehead.
  RADIO-CARPAL, Radio -carpia'nue. That
which relates to the radius and  carpus.
  Radio-Carpal Articulation is the wrist joint,
or articulation of the os scaphoides, os semilunare,
and os cuneiforme of the carpus with  the inferior
surface of the radius, and the fibro-cartilage, situ-
ate below the ulna.  It is strengthened by lateral,
anterior,  and posterior ligaments.
  Radio-Carpal Transverse Palmar Artery,
(F.) Arte're Radio-carpienne-transversale-pal-
maire.  A transverse branch,  given  off by the
radial artery, opposite the lower edge of the pro-
nator quadratus, which sends  several  branches to
the anterior or palmar surface of the carpus.
  RADIO-CUTANE (NERF,) see Cutaneous—
r. Phalangettien du pouce, Flexor longus pollicis
manus.
  RADIOLUS, Sound.
  RADIO-MUS'CULAR, Radio-muscula'ris.  A
name given to the branches sent off from the ra-
dial artery to the muscles of  the forearm in the
first part of its  course; as well as to  the nervous
filaments  which the  radial nerve sends to the
same muscles.
  RADIS, Raphanus hortensis^
  RADISH,  Raphanus hortensis—r. Water, Nas-
turtium amphibium.
  RADIUS,  'a spoke:'—so called from its shape.
Cercis, Foc"ile minus seu  superius, Canna minor,
Os adcubita'le, Additamen'tum ulna, Manu'brium
manus,  Para.pe'chyon, Arun'do bra'chii minor,
(F.) Os du Rayon.  A long,  prismatic bone, the
upper and lesser extremity of which is called the
head.  This  is supported by a cervix or  neck.
At  the part where  the neck  is confounded with
the body of the bone is  the  tubercle or bicipital
tuberosity or eminence  for the  insertion of the
biceps.   The radius  is articulated,  above, with
the os humeri and with the lesser sigmoid cavity
of the ulna: below, with  the scaphoides, semilu-
nare, and the head of the ulna.  Its inferior ex-
tremity, which is larger than  the superior, is flat-
tened  before and behind : is irregularly quadri-
lateral;  and has, below,  a double facette to be
articulated with the first two  bones of the carpus.
On the outer side is the styloid process; and, on
the inner, a concave facette, which joins the ulna.
Behind, are grooves for the passage of the exten-
sor tendons.  The radius  is developed from three
points of ossification; one for the body, and one
for each extremity.
  RADIUS, COL DU, Collum radii.
  RA'DIX, Rhiza. A root: also, the male organ.
  Radix, Root or fang of a tooth, is the part con-
tained in the alveolus.  The  radix or root of the
nail is the portion  hidden under the skin,  Ac.
Surgeons give the name to  the  prolongations,
sent by  scirrhous,  cancerous, or other  tumours
into the  neighbouring parts.
   Fire Aperient Roots,  Quinque radi'ces  ape-
rien'tea, were, of old, asparagus, butchers' broom,
fonnel, parsley, and smallage.
  Five Leaaer Aperient Roota, Quinque radi'ces
aperien'tea mino'rea, — wero caper, dandelion,
eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow.
  Radix Asclepiadis Crispa, see Gomphocar-
pus crispus — r. Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha.
  Radix Cordis, Basis Cordis.   The base of the
heart.
  Radix  Indica Lopeziana, Lopez  radix — r.
Linguae, see Tongue—r. Lopeziana, Lopez radix
—r. Ninsi, Sium ninsi—r.  Rubra, Rubia—r. Ser-
pentum, see  Ophiorrhiza mungos — r.  Unguis,
Nail, root of—r. Ventris,  Umbilicus.
  RADULA, Raspatorium.
  RADZYGE,  Radzygin, Radesyge,  Radezyge,
Tha'ria, properly Theria, from  Qnpiov, ('tXxos,)
' a malignant ulcer.'  Lepra borea'lis seu Norve-
gica, Norwe'gian Lep'rosy.   A name given, in
Norway, to a disease, bearing considerable ana-
logy to the yaws.  Some have esteemed  it a spe-
cies of lepra or elephantiasis.
  Another form — the Spedalske,  or Spedalskhed
—of Norway, appears to be a variety of elephan-
tiasis Grascorum.
  RAGE, Ira, Furor brevis,  Orge, Thymoe, (F.)
Cotere.  Violent passion,  characterized  by con-
traction of the muscles of the  face, violence in
every movement, extreme irritation of  the ner-
vous system, acceleration  of the blood's motion.
and redness and swelling of the face.
  Rage, Rhage.
  RAGE, Hydrophobia.
  RAGWEED, Ambrosia elatior—r. Great, Am-
brosia trifida.
  RAGWORT, Senecio Jacobasa.
  RAIDEUR CADAVERIQUE, Rigor mortis.
  RAIFORT, Raphanus hortensis—r. Sauvage,
Cochlearia armoracia.
  RAINBOW-WORM, Herpes  iris.
  RAINURE, Groove — r. Di gastrique, Mastoid
groove.
  RAISIN, see Vitis  vinifera — r. d'Amerique,
Phytolacca decandra — r. de  Boia, Vaccinium
myrtillus — r. d'Oura,  Arbutus uva ursi — r. do
Renard, Paris.
  RAISINIERE (F.)  A name given to a small
granular,  brownish  or  blackish  tumour,  which
forms  occasionally at the surface of the cornea
in consequence of ulcers or accidental wounds ol
that membrane. — Nysten.
  RAISINS,  Uvas passas, see Vitus vinifera—v.
de Corinthe, see Vitus Corinthiaca.
  RAISON, Reason.
  RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam; of  a
brownish  or brownish-red colour; semi-transpa-
rent; brittle; softening and becoming tenacious
by  heat;  inodorous when cold,  but exhaling a
very agreeable smell when heated ; and possessing
a balsamic and slightly bitter taste.  The precise
vegetable that furnishes it is not known.  It has
been used chiefly as a balsam in  gonorrhoea and
urinary affections.
  RAKIA, see Spirit.
  RAKOSIS, Rachosis.
  RALE, Rattle, Rhonchus, Rhenchus, Rhenxis,
from (D.) Ratel; Rhoncua, Cerchnua, Rhogmoa,
 (F.) Rdle. 'Noise produce'd by the air in passing
 through mucus, of which  the lungs are unable to
 free themselves.  This condition  is chiefly obser-
ved at the approach of death,  and is commonly
 called, " the rattlea."
   The  term Rale has been given to different
 sounds during  respiration,  caused by the air
 passing through fluid contained in the bronchi,
 or  areolae of the pulmonary tissue; which are
 perceived by the stethoscope.
   RALE BRONCHIQUE SEC, Rdle eonore—r.
 Bronchique humide, R. muqueiix —- r. Caverneux,
I Gurgling—r. Cavernuleux, see  Gurgling—r. Cri- 
RALE                    741             RANUNCULUS
pitant, Rhonchue crep'itans, see Crepitant—r. c.
Redux, see Crepitant.
  RALE MUQUEUX, Rhon'chus muco'sus, Mu-
cous Rattle, R.  bronchique humide.  The sound
produced by the passage of air through mucus ac-
cumulated in  the larger bronchi or trachea,  or
through  softened  tubercular matter.   This rdle
occurs  in catarrh,  and  in  softened  tubercle.
When carried to  a very high degree,  it consti-
tutes gurgling,  (F.)  Gargouillement.   The  sub-
crep'itant rhonchus,  (F.) Rdle sous-cripitant, is
produced by the bubbling of air through liquid
of variable  consistence in the minute bronchial
tubes.  When heard at the .base of both lungs, it
is a sign of capillary bronchitis.  When heard at
one base only, it is generally connected with tu-
berculosis higher up.
   RALE SIBILANT, Rhon'chuseib'ilue seueib'-
ilana, Sib'ilant  Rattle.  A  slight, though pro-
longed, whistling sound, occurring either at the
commencement  of inspiration, or of expiration,
owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid,
but not abundant, which obstructs, more or less
completely, the smaller bronchial ramifications.
It  is seated in  the  small tubes, and occurs in
the first stage of bronchitis.  The clicking and
whistling varieties differ, in the former  being
short, tho latter prolonged.   The former  is a
quick sharp sibilus  or whistle, which  ceases  al-
most instantaneously;  the  latter a  prolonged
sibulus,  of less sharpness,  lasting almost  the
whole time of the movement which it accompa-
nies.  To these may be added the hissing vari-
ety, the  name sufficiently indicating its character.
   RALE SONORE, Rate bronchique sec, R. ron-
flant, Rhonchus aono'rua, Sono'roua Rattle.   A
sound resembling at times the snoring—(F.) Ron-
ftemeut — of a person asleep; at others the sound
of  the bass string of  an instrument when rubbed
with the finger,  and not unfrequently the cooing
—(F.) Roucoulement—of a dove.   It seems to be
caused  by a contraction of the bronchial tubes,
and is characteristic of chronic catarrh.
   RALE SOUS-CREPITANT,  see Rdle mu-
queux.
   RALE VESICULAIRE,  see Crepitation.
   RAMEA U, Ramus.
   RAMENTA   INTESTINO'RUM,  (F.) Ra-
clurea dea Royaux.  The shreds or scrapings, as it
were, of the mucous  membrane  of the bowels,
often discharged  in  malignant dysentery.  The
evacuation in which these are contained has been
termed Diachore'ma xyamato'dea.
   RAMENTUM, Fragment, Scobs.
   RAMEX,  Hernia—r. Varicosus, Varicocele.
   RAMIFICATION, Ramiflca'tio, from ramua,
'a branch,'  and /o,  'to become.'  A  division of
arteries, veins, or nerves into branches.  Also, a
branch itself.
   RAMILLE, Ramusculus.
   RAMOLLISSEMEA'T, Mollities — r. du Cer-
veau, Mollities cerebri—r. du Cceur,  Cardiomala-
cia—r. de VEstomac, Gastromalaeia—r. du Foie,
Hepatomalacia—r. Gris, see Hepatization—r. de
la Moelle ipiniere, Mollities medullas  spinalis—
r. Rouge, see  Hepatization—r. de VIntestin, En-
tero-inalacia—r. des Oa, Mollities ossium.
   RAMPANT,  (F.) romper,  'to climb.'  Repena.
Reptana.  That which creeps or drags on the
earth.  The  French  Bandage rampant has the
folds arranged spirally around the part, leaving
intervals between them.  It is a  retentive  ban-
dage, but is easily displaced, and, therefore, not
employed.
   RAM PES  DU LIMACOAT,  Scala? of  the
cochlea.
  RAMPHOS, Rostrum.
  RAMULUS,  Ramusculus.
  RAMUNCULUS, Ramusculus.
  RAMUS,  Cladoe, a  branch, (F.) Rumeau.   A
division of an artery, vein, or nerve.  Also, the
male organ.
  Ramus  Durior Septim.e Conjugationis, Fa-
cial nerve.
  RAMUS'CULUS,  Ram'ulna,  Ramun'culua,
Sur'culus, Cladis'cos,  diminutive of ramus.   A.
division of a ramus.  (F.) Ramuscule, Ramille.
  RANA  ESCULENTA, (F.) Grenouille.  This
frog and the bull-frog, iicuia Touri'na—are eaten
as a delicacy.  They are nutritious, and easily
digested.
  Rana, Ranula.
  RANCE, Rancid.
  RANCID, Ran'cidus, Sapros, (F.) Ranee, from
rancere, ' to be  stale.'  An epithet given to fatty
bodies, which have become acrid from age or the
contact of air.   Mild ointments may thus become
very irritating, and unfit for the purposes  for
which they were  originally intended.
  RANINE, Rani'na;  from   Rana,  'a  frog.'
The termination of the lingual artery is so called ;
that is,  the portion of the artery which advances
horizontally between the  genio-glossus  and lin-
gualis muscles as far as the point of the tongue.
The ranine vein follows the  same course as  the
artery,  and opens into  the internal jugular or in-
to the superior  thyroid.
  RAN'ULA, from Rana, 'a frog,' so called from
its resemblance ;  Dyspha'gia Ranula, Emphrag'-
ma saliva're, Frog Tongue,  Ba'lrachos,  Batra'-
chium,  Hydroglos'sa, Hypoglossis, Hypogloaaum,
Hypoglot'tia, Hypogloa'aium, Rttna, (F.) Grenouil-
lette.   A  small, soft, fluctuating, and semi-trans-
parent  tumour, which forms under  the  tongue,
owing to the accumulation of saliva in Wharton's
duct.   In order to give exit to  the accumulated
fluid, and to establish a permanent opeuing for
the discharge of the saliva, the cyst may be punc-
tued, and the opening maintained by  a minute
cylinder,  with a button at each extremity, as has
been recommended by Dupuytren; or a portion of
the cyst may be removed by the scissors, and the
mouth  be frequently washed by any astringent
lotion.    Sometimes, the  salivary duet is  found
plugged by a small calculus.
  Ranula Lapidea, see Calculi, salivary.
  RANUN'CULUS,  (F.)  Renoncule.   Family
Ranunculaceas.   Sex.  Syat. Polyandria  Polygy-
nia.  A genus of plants, most  of the  species of
which,  when taken internally, act as acrid poi-
sons.   See Poison.   They are, also, acrid and
vesicant,  when applied to the skin, and  have ac-
cordingly been often  used as counter-irritants.
The following species answer to this description.
  Ranunculus Abortivus, Small flowered  Crow-
foot, Chicken-pepper.
  Ranunculus Acris, R. praten'aia seu  Sterenii
seu rulfulus seu aylvat'icus seu Sic'ulus,  Upright
Meadow  Crowfoot, Butter  Cups,  Yellow-weed,
BUeter-weed, Pilcwort, Burwort, Meadow-bloom,
 Yellows, (F.) Bouton d'or.
  Ranunculus Albus, Anemone nemorosa.
  Ranunculus Aquaticus, R. sceleratus.
  Ranunculus Bulbo'sus,  R.  latua, Ranuncu-
lua (Ph.  U. S.),  Bnlboua-rooted Crowfoot, (F.)
Renoncule bulbeuae, Baaainet.
  Ranunculus Digitatus, R. sceleratus.
  Ranunculus Declinatus, R. flammula.
  Ranunculus  Fica'ria, Chelido'nium minus,
Scrophula'ria  minor,  Fica'ria  ranunculoVdes,
seu verna seu commu'nis, Chelido'nia rotundifo'lia
minor,  Cw'suma  hamorrhoida'lis herba,  Ranun- 
RAPA                  T42                 RASTETA
cii?iw wnim seuprfficoa; -Egole'thron, Leaaer celan-
dine, Pilewort, (F.) Petite Chelidoine, Petite Ec-
laire, Ficaire.  The leaves and  root have been
used medicinally ;—the leaves as an antiscorbu-
tic; the root as a cataplasm in piles.
  Ranunculus Flam'mula,R. declina'tua,Flam'-
mula, Surrec'ta  alba,  Smaller  Water  Crowfoot,
Leaser Speurwort, (F.)  Petite Douve.
  Ranunculus Illyricus.
  Ranunculus Lingua.
  Ranunculus L.etus, R. bulbosus—r. Nemo-
rosus, Anemone  nemorosa—r. Palustris, R. sce-
leratus — r. Pratensis,  R. acris.
  Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus, Briatly Crow-
foot.
  Ranunculus Pr.scox, R. ficaria.
  Ranunculus  Pubes'cens.   Grows in ditches
and marshes in South Africa. The expressed juice
is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous ulcers.
  Ranunculus Rufulus, R. acris.
  Ranunculus  Scelera'tus, R. Palua'tria seu
umbella'tus seu  digita'tiia  seu aquat'icua, Riaua
A'piiun, Hecato'nia palua'tria, Marsh Crowfoot.
  Ranunculus  Siculus, R. acris — r.  Stevenii,
R. acris — r. Vernus, R. ficaria— r. Virginianus,
Lobelia syphilitica — r. Umbellatus, R. spelera-
tus.
  RAPA  NAPUS, Brassica rapa — r. Rotunda,
Brassica rapa.
  RAPE, Brassica napus, Stuprum.
  RAPIIANE'DON, from paipavts, 'a radish, like
a radish."  Rhaphanedon.  A transverse fracture
of a long bone, leaving no splinters ;—what has
been  called, in France, Fracture en rave.
  RAPHA'NIA,  Convul'sio Raphania, Rapha'-
tii'o, Morbus  spasmod'icus malig'nus seu popula''-
ria, M. Sileaiacua,  Eclamp'aia typho'dea,  Sync'-
lonua Raphania.  Linnaeus gives this  name to a
convulsive disease, not uncommon in Germany
and Sweden, and  which has been  attributed  to
the seeds  of the Raph'anus Raphania'trum seu
sylves'tris,  Raphania'trum  aeg"etum  seu arvenae,
Rapiatrum, being mixed with the corn.   The con-
vulsions are seated in the limbs, and are attended
with acute pain.  See  Convulsio cerealis.
  Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra.
  RAPHANIS,  Raphanus hortensis—r. Magna,
Cochlearia armoracia.
  RHAPHANISTRUM  ARVENSE,  see  Ra-
phania.
  RAPHANUS, R. hortensis.
  Raph'anus Horten'sis, Raphanus, R.aati'viia
seu  niger,  Raph'ania, Rhoph'anus,  Radic'ula,
Rhaphys, Raphys,  Rhaps, ltapys, Radish,  (F.)
Raifort, Radis.  Family,  Crucif'eras, Sex. Syst.
Tetradynamia Siliquosa.   The root of this plant
is a common esculent.  It has, also, been  given
as a diuretic in  calculous affections.  The juice,
made into a syrup, is exhibited to relieve hoarse-
ness.  Radishes have long been celebrated as an-
ti-scorbutics.
   Raphanus Marinus, Cochlearia armoracia —
r. Raphanistrum, see Raphania — r. Rusticanus,
 Cochlearia armoracia — r.  Sylvestris, see Rapha-
nia.
   RAPHE, Rhaphe, 'a suture.'  A name given to
 prominent lines resembling a raised stitch. Such
 is the raphe  or tramia  which divides the scrotum
 into two parts, and which extends from the ante-
 rior part of  the anus to the extremity of the pe-
 nis.  The name Raphe seu Linea Media'na seu
 Sutu'ra cor'poria callo'ai exter'na seu chorda lon-
 gitudina'lia, is, also, given to two prominent lines
 which  are longitudinal  and parallel, and are
 seen at the upper surface of the  corpus callosum,
 extending from the anterior to the posterior ex-
 tremity of that commissure.
  RAPHEX, Chenopodium vulvaria.
  RAPIIIANKIS'TRON, from patptov, 'a needle,'
and  ayxicrpov,  'a hook.'  An  instrument em-
ployed in the formation of artificial pupil.
  RAPHION, Needle.
  RAPHIS, Needle.
  RAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RAPISTRUM, see Raphania.
  RAPPORT  (F.), Rela'tio, Reniincia'tio.  A
deposition  made  by a physician  or surgeon to
prove the condition of a person, the nature of a
disease, the existence or non-existence  of preg-
nancy, sudden  or violent death, Ac.  Formerly,
there were the Rapporta denonciatifa, made at the
desire of the injured or their friends, and intended
to point out to the judges the details of the crime
or misdemeanor, — the Rapporta proviaoirea, the
object of which was to obtain provisions for the
injured individual, both' as regarded food  and
medicine, and to defray the expenses of  prosecu-
tion;—and Rapports mixtes, or  those which were
both denonciatifa  and provisoires.   At  present,
reports  or depositions are generally divided into
judiciary, or those which serve  to throw light on
the subject matter of any civil or criminal cause;
and administrative, which afford information on
subjects relating to any branch of  the public ad-
ministration, as on the nuisance, or otherwise, of
certain establishments, the  character of  any epi-
demic, <fec.
  RAPPORT, Eructation.
  RAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opisthotonos.
  RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa.
  RAPUNTIUM SYPHILITICUM, Lobelia sy-
philitica.
  RAPURE, Rasura.
  RAPYS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RAQUETTE,  Cactus  opuntia.
  RAREFA'CIENS,  Rarifa'ciens,  Araot'icus,
(F.) Rarifiant from rarus, 'rare,' and facere, 'to
make.'  Medicines  were  so  termed, which were
supposed to be possessed of the power of giving
more bulk  or extension to the blood  or other
humours.
  RAREFIANT, Rarefaciens.
  RARIFACIENS, Rarefaciens.
  RA'RITAS, (F.) Rarete.   Rarity; scantiness;
fewness.
  Raritas Den'tium. A large space between the
teeth, which appear to be, and may be, too few.
  RASCATIO, Excreation.
  RASCETA, Carpus, Malleolus —r. Pedis, Tar-
sus.
  RASCHA, Carpus, Malleolus.
  RASETA, Carpus, Malleolus.
  RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus.
  RASH,  Exanthem — r. Fever,  Scarlatina — r.
Lichenous, Lichen—r. Mulberry, see Typhus*—r.
Nettle, Urticaria—r. Rose,  Roseola—r. Summer,
Lichen tropicus — r. Tooth, Strophulus.
  RASOIR, Razor.
  RASORISM.   The Italian  medical doctrind
of  contro-stimulus, of  which Rasori  was tho
founder.
  RASORIUM, Raspatorium.
   RASPATO'RIUM, Raso'rium,  Rat'ula, ScaU
prum  raso'rium,  Xyater, Xyate'rinm, Xyatrum,
Rad'ula, Runci'na, Runcin'ula,  Scalprum, (F.)
Rugine, Grattoir.  An instrument used  for rasp-
ing bones,  to detach the periosteum, — either in
certain surgical operations, or for anatomical pur-
poses.
   RASPBERRY, Rubus idasus—r. Ground, Hy-
drastis Canadensis—r. Wild, Rubus strigosus.
   RASSETA PEDIS, Tarsus.
   RASTETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
RASURA
743
RECLINATION
   r\AS\J'R,A,^Xysma, Xyamos, (F.) Rdpure, from
 radere, rusum, ' to scrape.'  A rasure, or scratch,
 or erosion.  Also, the rasping or shaving of any
 substance;  as Rasu'rce  Cornu Cervi, Hartshorn
 sha rings.
   Rasura, Scobs.
   RATAEI'A.  A liquor prepared by imparting
 to ardent spirits the flavour of various  kinds  of
 fruits, adding sugar.
   RATANJIY, Krameria ratanhia—r. of the An-
 tilles, Krameria ixina.
   It A TE, Spleen.
   It AT £ LEUX, Spleneticus.
   RATELIER, see Dentier.
   RATIO,  Rationa'Utas, from reor, ratns, ' to
 think.'  A reason,  a cause,  an explanation, a
 mode or manner;  as Ratio symptom'at um, an ex-
 planation  of  the  symptoms, — Ratio meden'di,
 Genus  curatio'nis,  Via  curandi;  the  mode  or
 manner of cure.
   Ratio, Reason—r. Medendi, see Ratio — r.
 Symptouiatum, see Ratio.
   RAT'TONAL,  Rationa'lis.   That which is
 conformable to reason.   This  epithet  is  often op-
 posed to empirical;  as rational  treatment.  The
 French, also,  say Signes rationales, in opposition
 to Signes sensibles.   See Organic.
   RATIONALITAS, Ratio.
   RATSBANE, Arsenious acid.
   RATTLE, Rdle.
   RATTLES, THE, see Rdle.
   RATTLEBUSH, Sophora tinctoria.
   RATTLESNAKE, Crotalus horridus—r. Leaf,
 Goodyera pubescens — r. Plantain, Goodyera pu-
 bescens—r. Root, Nabalus albus, Polygala senega,
 Trillium latifolium—r.Weed, Hieracium venosum.
   RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER, Agave Virgi-
 nica,  Liatris scariosa, Nabalus albus.
   RATTLEWEED,  Actasa racemosa.
   RATULA, Raspatorium.
   RAUCE'DO,  Rau'citas, Parapho'nia  rauca,
 Asper''itas Arte'ria  as'pera,  Vox rauca, Bron-
 chus,  Hoarseness, (F.) Enrouement, Raucite.  A
 change in the voice, which loses its  smoothness
 and becomes low and obscure.   It is  a  common
 symptom in diseases of the larynx and trachea.
   Raucedo  Catarrha'lis.    Hoarseness  from
 cold.
   RAUCITAS, Raucedo.
   It A UCITE, Raucedo.
   RAUCOUS, Raucus.   Hoarse; as a raucous
 voice— Vox rauca seu raucis'ona.
   RA VE, Brassica rapa.
   RA YONNE, Radiated.
   RA YOXS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes.
   RAZOR, Cutter  Tonsor'ius, Macha'ris, Norac'-
 ula,  Nyrum, Nyrus,  (F.) Rasoir, from  radere,
 rasum, ' to shave.'  An instrument for shaving.
 Used  in surgery to  remove  hairs,  where  they
 would interfere with any operation.
   REACHING, Vomiturition.
   REACTION, Reac'tio, from  re, 'again,' and
agere, actum,  ' to act.'  An  action  of resistance
to a  power applied.  A species  of vital  move-
ment  or excitement,  tending  to  prevent or de-
stroy  the effects of any noxious power applied  to
the animal economy, and which, by  some, has
been  attributed to the  »i'« medicatrix natura.
It is certainly  dependent on the organic instinc-
tive actions of the  frame.  It is the state of acti-
vity which succeeds the  action on the nervous
system of certain morbific influences.
  REAL'GAR, Realgal, Ar/ada,  Arladar, Auri-
pigmen'tum  rubrum,  Arsen'icum  rubrum  facti"-
tiuin,  Abessi, Sandara'cha Graco'rum, Red  Sul-
 phuret of  Mercury.  A  violent poison.   See
 Poison.
   REASON, Ra'tio, Logos, (F.) Raison.   Same
 etymon as Ratio.  The faculty or property of the
 mind by means of which man perceives the dis-
 tinction  between right and wrong, in physics  as
 well as in  morals.  Reason is a just conclusion
 resulting from the comparison of two ideas, by
 virtue of whieh we form a judgment.
   REBOLEA,  Mummy.
   REBONA, Mummy.
   REIIOUTEUR, Renoueur.
   RECEIVER, Ampulla, (F.) Ballon, Recipient.
 In pharmacy, a wide-necked globular vessel, the
 neck of which widens  gradually outwards,  to
 receive the tapering beak of the retort in distilla-
 tion.  Like the retort, the  receiver may be  plain
 or tubulated.
   A quilled receiver is one that  has a tapering
 tube from its lower surface, whieh is inserted into
 a graduated bottle through a cork joint, when it
 is  desirable to know accurately  the amount  of
 fluid that has passed over.
   RECEPTACULA DUR^E MATRIS, Sinuses
 of the dura mater.
   RECEPTACULUM  CHYLI,   'receptacle  of
 the chyle;' R. Pecquet'! seu PecqueUa'nuin, Di-
 verso'rium Chyli, Stagnum chyli, Sac'cidus chy'-
 lifer seu ro'rifcr, Saccus lac'tens, AV vena ampul-
 lo'aua  seu  ampullea'cena,  Utric' ulits  lacteus, Ve-
 sic'ula chyli, Amjnil'la chylif'era seu chyli, Cis-
 ter'na  lumba'ris, C. Chyli, Chylocys'tis, Chylodo-
 chi'um, Lat'icea lactei, Lumbar cistern, Reservoir
 of Pecquet, (F.) Reservoir du chyle,  It. de Pec-
 quet, Citeme lombuire. A considerable dilatation
 of the thoracic duct, in front of the lumbar region
 of  the vertebral column.   It is the commence-
 ment of the duct.
   Receptac'ulum Cotun'nii.  A triangular
 space,  formed by a separation of the two lamina?
 of  the dura mater of the internal ear, near the
 middle of the posterior surface of the pars pe-
 trosa of the temporal bone, where  the aquasduc-
 tus vestibuli terminates.  It is always filled with
 the Fluid of Cotugno.
   Receptaculum  Pecqueti, R. Chjdi — r. Sella?
 equina? lateribus appositum, Cavernous sinus.
   RECEPTIVITY, Receptiv'itas, (F.) Recepti-
 viti, from   recipere,  receptum,  ' to receive.'   A
 word used by Tissot  to express the susceptibility
 of certain organs to receive morbific impressions.
   RECEPTUM, Prescription.
   RECESSIO.  Paroxysm.
   RECESSUS, Abscess, Sinus — r. Sulciformis,
 see Fovea vestibuli.
   RECHAMALCA, Rachamelca.
   RECHUTE, see Relapse.
   RECIDIVA  MORBI, Relapse.
   RECIDIVE, see Relapse.
  REC"IPE,  (L.)  (re, and  capere, 'to take.')
 A Latin word which  signifies 'take,' (F.) Prenez,
 and with which  prescriptions  are commenced.
 It is, often,  represented  by R, R, and was for-
 merly by 4> the symbol of Jove.  See Abbrevia-
 tion.
  RECIPIENT, Receiver.
  RECIPROCATION, VIBRATIONS  OF, see
 Sound.
  RECLINATIO, Reclination —r. Palpebrarum,
 Ectropion.
  RECLINATION, Reclina'tio, from reclinare,
(re, and  clinare, ' to bend,') 'to bend back.'  A
mode„of operating for the  cataract, which  con
sists in applying the needle in a certain mannei
to the  anterior surface of the cataract and de-
pressing  it into the vitreous hnmour,  in such  a
way, that the front surface of the cataract is the
upper one and its back surface the lower one. 
RECLUSOR
744
RECTUS
  RECLUSOR  PALPEBRARUM, Levator pal-
pebra? superioris.
  RECOMPOSITION. Metasynchrisis.
  RECONVALESCENTIA, Convalescence.
  RECORDATIO, Memory.
  RECORDATUS, Memory.
  RECORPORATIVUS, Metasyncritic.
  RECOVERY, Restauratio.
  RECREATIO, Restauratio.
  RECREMENT, Recremen'tum, from re, and
cernere, cretum, ' to sift.'  A humour, which, after
having been separated from the blood, is again
returned to  it;  such as the saliva, the secretion
of serous membranes, &c.   Such fluid is  said to
be recrementitial,  (F.) Recrementeux,  Recrimen-
titiel.
  RECREMENTA VESIOE, Urine.
  RECREMEN'TO- EXCREMENTFT'IAL.
Applied to secreted fluids, as the saliva, bile, <fec,
which are in part reabsorbed and in part excreted.
  RECREMENTUM, Recrement.
  RECRUDESCENTIA,  Palincote'sis,  Recru-
dea'cence, from  re, 'again,' and crudua, 'raw.'
An increase of  a  disease after a temporary re-
mission.
  RECTAL, Recta'Ua.  Appertaining,  or relating
to,  the rectum, — as 'rectal  tube.'   See  Tube,
rectal.
  RECTIFICATION, Recti flea'tio, from rectum
facere, ' to make right.'   An operation by which
certain liquids  are  purified by distilling them
either singly or after  admixture with  other sub--
stances.
  RECTITIS.   A  hybrid word,  from rectum,
and iti8, denoting  inflammation;  properly archi-
tia, or proctitia.   Inflammation of the rectum.
Proctitia, Proctalgia, inflammato''ria.
  RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum.
  RECTO-VAG"INAL, Recto-vagina'lie.   That
which relates or belongs to the rectum  or vagina.
  Recto-vaginal Fistula is owing to a preter-
natural communication between the rectum and
vagina, through the above septum.
  Recto-vaginal Septum,  (F.)  Cloison  recto-
vaginale,  is  formed by  the junction — back to
back — (or by what the French term adoaaement)
of the  rectum  and vagina.   It  separates these
two canals from each other.
  RECTO-VESTCAL, Recto-veaica'lia.  Having
relation to the rectum and bladder; as the "recto-
vesical fold  or pouch" of the peritoneum, between
the rectum and .bladder.
  RECTUM; so called from a notion that it is
straight.   It is  not  so.   Intesti'num Rectum,
Apeuthya'menoa, Euthyen'teron, Longaon, Longaa,
Longanon,  Archoa, Cya'aaroa, Princepa, Monoco'-
lon (?).  The third and last  portion of the great
intestine.   It forms  the continuation of the sig-
moid  flexure of the colon, occupies the posterior
part of the pelvis,  and extends from the left side
of the sacro-vertebral articulation to the coccyx,
before which it opens  outwards by the  orifice
called the anus.  It  is cylindrical, but saccated,
as it were, at its inferior portion, where it is con-
sequently larger, and is  attached to the sacrum
by the mesorectum.   Like the other portions of
the canal it  is formed of three  membranes.  To-
wards the lower  extremity, some parallel and
longitudinal wrinkles are observable on its inner
surface : these are the  Columna,  Colum'na  car'-
nea of the Rectum  or of Morgagni, (F.) Colonnea
du rectum-  ou de  Morgagni.   They are merely
folds of the mucous membrane, between which is
a number of Lacuna.  The arteries of the rectum
are numerous.   They proceed  from  the inferior
mesenteric, hypogastric, and internal pudic, and
are called hemorrhoidal.   The veins open, partly
into the hypogastric vein, partly into the inferior
mesenteric.   The nerves proceed from tho sciatic
and hypogastric plexuses.  The rectum receives
the  fascal matters, as they pass from the colon,
which serves as a reservoir.
  RECTUS  ABDOM'INIS,  (F.)  Pubio-atemal,
Sterno-pubien (Ch.), Droit de I'abdomen.   A long
flat  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior part of the
abdomen, and separated from that of the opposite
side by the linea alba.   It is attached, above, to
the  cartilages of the last three true ribs;  and,
below, to  the pubis by a very strong tendon, tho
outer edge of which is continuous  with the fascia
transversalis.   This muscle is enclosed in an
aponeurotic sheath ; and, in its course, has three
or four transverse  aponeurotic  intersections.  It
bends the chest on the pelvis, and conversely.
  Rectus Anterior Brevis,  Rectus capitis in-
ternus minor—r. Anterior longus, R. capitis in-
ternus major — r. Capitis anticus longus, R. c.
internus major.
  Rectus Capitis Internus Major, R. internus
major, R. anterior longus, Rectus capitis  anti'cus
longus, (F.) Trachilo-basilaire, Grand droit an-
tirieur de la  tete.   This muscle is long in  pro-
portion to its breadth, flat,  and  broader above
than below.   It is situate  at  the anterior and
lateral part of  the  neck, and arises  from  the
transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth,
and sixth cervical vertebras.  It is inserted into
the basilary process of the occipital bone.
  Rectus Capitis Internus Minor, R. internus
minor, Ren'uena, An'nuens,  R. anterior  brevis,
(F.) Petit trachelo-baailaire, Petit  droit anterieur
de la tete.  This is situate deeper than the  last.
It is thin,  flattened,  irregularly quadrilateral,
and passes from the anterior surface of the body
of the first vertebra, near the origin of the trans-
verse process, to  be inserted  into  the basilary
process.
  Rectus Capitis Latera'lis, R. lateralia  Fal-
lo'pii, Tranaveraa'li8 anti'cue primus, Rectua  late-
ralia,  (F.) Trachilo-atlo'ido-baeilaire,  Atloitlo-
80u8-occipital  (Ch.), Droit  latiral  de  la  tete.
There is a muscle of this name on each side of
the  head.  It is flat,  quadrilateral, and  passes
from the  transverse process of the atlas to the
occiput, behind the jugular fossa.  It inclines the
head to one side.
  Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Major, R. Major,
R. Capitis poati'cua  minor (Albinus),  Spini-ax-
o'ido-occipita'lis, (F.)  Axo'ido-occipitale (Ch.),
Grand droit poatirieur  de la tite.  A flat, trian-
gular muscle, situate at the posterior and superior
part of the neck.   It extends  from the spinous
process of the second  cervical vertebra  to  the
external  surface of the  lower  semicircular ridge
of the occipital bone.   This  muscle extends the
head, inclines it to one  side, and causes it to ex-
perience a rotary motion, which directs the face
to its side.
  Rectus Capitis  Posti'cus  Minor, R. minor,
(F.)  Tuber - atlo'ido- occipital,  Atlo'ido- occipital
(Ch.), Petit  droit posterieur de la tete.  A flat,
triangular muscle, situate beneath  the last, which
passes from the posterior arch of the atlas to the
occipital bone.   It extends the head.
  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor,  R. c. p.
major — r. Cruris, R. femoris.
  Rectus Externus Oculi, Abductor oculi, In-
dignabun'dus, Indignato'rius,  Iracun'dua,  Oc'u-
lum  movena accun'dua,  Orbito-extus-acliroticien.
All the recti muscles of the eye, four in number,
arise from the bottom  of the  orbit, and  are in-
serted into the sclerotic coat  of  the eye.  The
Rectus externus, (F.) Droit externe, Irascible OU
Abducteur, is divided, at  its posterior extremity,
into two portions, one of which  is attached to tha 
RECUBITORIUM
745
REGIMEN
outer part of the forampn opticum, and the other
to the sphenoid bone.
  Rectus  Fem'oris, Rectua sive Grac"ilia ante-
rior, Rectus cruris, (F.) Ilio-rotulien, Droit anti-
rieur de la cuirse.   A  straight muscle, seated at
the anterior part of the thigh.  It extends from
the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium  and
the cotyloid  cavity of the patella.   This muscle
extends the leg upon  the thigh, and conversely.
It can, also, bend the thigh upon  the pelvis or
carry the pelvis forward.
   Rectus Inferior Oculi, Depres'sor oculi, Tim'-
idus, Dep'rimens, Hu'milis, Oc'ulum  movens quar-
tus, (F.) Soua-optieo-aphino-acliroticien, Droit in-
firieur  ou  abaiaaeur  de I'ceil,  Muacle  humble,
arises below the optic foramen, from the sphenoid
bone.  It depresses the eye.
   Rectus Internus Oc'uli, Addu'cens oculi, Bi-
bito'rina, Oculi adductor, Oculum movena  primua,
(F.)  Orbito-intua-acliroticien, Droit  interne de
I'oeil ou adducteur ou  buveur.  It arises from the
sphenoid at the inferior part of the foramen opti-
cum.  It turns the eye towards the nose.
   Rectus Superior Oculi, Attol'lena oculi, At-
tol'lens oc'ulum, Leva'tor oculi, Superbua,  Eleva'-
tor oculi, Oculum  movena tertiua, (F.)  Sua-optico-
apheno-acleroticien, Droit aupirieur ou ilivateur
de I'ceil, Dedaigneur,  is  attached to the  circum-
ference of the foramen opticum.
   All the recti  muscles  are concerned in the
voluntary motions of the eye.  The  oblique mus-
cles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to  execute
 the involuntary.f?]
   Rectus Irferior Femoris, Gracilis — r. In-
ternus major,  R. capitis internus major — r. In-
ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor — r. La-
teralis, R. capitis lateralis — r. Lateralis Fallopii,
R. capitis lateralis — r. Major, R. capitis posticus
major — r. Minor,  R. capitis posticus minor.
   RECUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium.
   RECUPERATION, Restauratio.
   RECU'PERATIVE, Recu'perott'ry. from recu-
 peratio, ' recovery.'   Restorative.   Recovering.
 Belonging to recovery.
   RECUR'RENT, Rccur'rena,  from  recurrere,
 (re, and ciirrere),  ' to run back.'  A name given
 to several arterial and nervous branches, which
 seem to re-ascend  towards the origin of the trunk
 whence they emanate.
   Recurrent Arteries.  This name has been
 given to several arteries of the  forearm, and  to
 one of the leg.  In the/brearm, there are, 1. The
 Radial  recurrent,  Artere ricurrente de I'ipicon-
 dyle (Ch.), which  arises from the  superior  part
 of the radial, and  ascends between  the supinator
 longus, s. brevis, and  the brachialis internus.  2.
 The anterior  cubital  recurrent,  A.  ricurrente de
 Vepitrochlee (Ch.), which arises  from  the upper
 and  inner part of the cubital, and ascends be-
 tween the pronator teres and brachialis internus.
 3.  The poaterior  cubital recurrent,  which arises
 from  the  preceding artery,  or from  the cubital
 itself, and ascends between the olecranon and in-
 ternal tuberosity of the humerus.   4.  The poate-
 rior radial  recurrent, A. ricurrente olicranienne
 (Ch.).   It arises  from the posterior interosseous,
 and  ascends between the  posterior cubital and
 anconeus  muscles.  In the leg,—the Arteria re-
 currena tibia'lia, A. ricurrente du genou (Ch.), is
furnished by the  anterior tibial, and ascends  to
the tibialis anticus muscle.
   Recurrent Bandages are formed by convo-
lutions of tho bandages, which  make  a  kind  of
cap for  the  part — as the head — to  which  they
 are applied.
   RECURVATIO, see Hump.
   RECUTITUS,  Apella.
   REDBEAN, Abrus precatorius.
  REDBERRY, Arbutus uva  ursi,  Gaultheria,
Panax quinquefolium—r. Bitter, Cornus Florida
  RED HEAD, Asclepias Carassavica—r. Root,
Celastrus, Sanguinaria Canadensis — r. Swamp,
Vaccinum oxycoccos.
  REDIMICULUM, Diadema.
  REDINGOTES ANGLAISES, see Condom.
  REDINTEGRATIO,  Regeneration,  Restau-
ratio.
  REDIVIA, Paronychia.
  REDONDANCE, Plethora.
  REDOUBLEMENT,F,xai.eeYba,t\onA?aTos.jsm.
  REDS, Menses.
  REDUCTIO,  Taxis —r.  Prasputii Impedita,
Phimosis.
  REDUCTION,  Reditc'tio, RepoaW'io,  Reati-
tu'tio,  Diap'laaia,  Diaplaa'mua, Syntax'ia, from
re,  and  ducere, ductum,  'to lead.'   A surgical
operation, the  object of  which  is to  restore dis-
placed parts to their original  situation.  Thus,
we  say the reduction of a luxation, when  the
displaced parts are again brought to  their proper
relative situation.   The  reduction of a  hernia is
the restoration of the protruded parts to the ca-
vity of the abdomen. This is, also, called Taxis.
  In pharmacy, the process of restoring oxides,
chlorides, sulphurets, &c, to the metallic state.
  REDUNDANTIA, Plethora.
  REDUVIA,  Paronychia.
  REED MACE,  Typha latifolia.
  REFECTIO, Restauratio.
  REFECTIVA, Analeptica.
  REFECTUS, Restauratio.
  REFICIENTIA, Analeptica.
  REFLECTION, Duplicature.
  REFLECTOR  EPIGLOT'TIDIS. A muscle,
which arises from  the arytenoid cartilage and in-
ner part of  the thyroid, and is  inserted  into  the
lateral edges of the epiglottis.
  REFLEX  SYSTEM OF NERVES,  see
Nerves.
  REFLEXIO PALPEBRARUM, Ectropion.
  REFRACTION,  Refrac'tio,  Photocamp'sis,
Dia'clasis, from re, and frango, ' I break.'  The
change of direction which rays of light experience
when they pass obliquely from one medium into
another of different density.   If the light passes
from a rarer to a denser medium, it approaches
the  perpendicular raised at the point of immer-
sion.  The  contrary occurs, when it goes from a
denser to a rarer medium.  The theory  of lenses,
telescopes, and of the eye, rests entirely on  this
property of light.
  RE ERA ICHISSA A'TS, Refrigerants.
  REFRIGERANT, see Alembic.
  REFRIG"ERANTS, Refrigeran'tia,  Paych'ti-
ca, Antither'ma, Frigefacien'tia, (F.) Rifraichis-
sans,Rifrigeratifs, from  re, and frigere,  ' to cool.'
Medicines which depress the morbid temperature
of the body.  The chief  reputed refrigerants are
the  Potassae Nitras (?),  the Sodas Boras (?),  but
chiefly the  abstraction of caloric by ice and  ice-
drinks, cold water,  cold lemonades,  soda-water,
and effervescing draughts internally; and exter-
nally, cool air, cold water, evaporating lotions,
and frigorific mixtures.
   REFRIGERA TIFS,  Refrigerants.
   REFRIGERATOR, see Alembic.
   REGENERATIO, Reproduction.
   REGENERATION, Regenera'tio, Palingene'-
aia, Redintegra'tio, from re, and generare,  'to
beget.'  Reproduction  of a part of the  body,
which has been destroyed.
   REG"IMEN, from regere,  'to govern.'  The
rational and methodical use of food,  and of every
thing  essential to life; both in  a  state  of health
and disease.  It is  often restricted, in  its mean- 
REGINA
746
REMISSION
ing, to Diet. It is sometimes used synonymously
with hygiene.
  REGINA PR ATI, Spirasa ulmaria.
  REGIO, Region.
  Regio Auricularis.  The region of the ear.
  Regio Bucca'lis.  The region of the cheeks.
  Regio Cardiaca, Epigastric region.
  Regio Cervica'lis.   The region of  the neck.
The cervical region.
  Regio Epigastrica, Epigastrium.
  Regio Facia'lis.  The facial region.
  Regio Frontalis.  The frcmtal region.
  Regio Gastrica, Umbilical region — r. Hypo-
gastrica, see Hypogastrium—r. Hypochondriaca,
Hypochondre — r.  iliaca, Iliac region—r. Ingui-
nalis, Inguinal region — r. Ischiadica, Ischiadic
region — r. Jugalis, Jugal region — r. Lumbalis,
Lumbi—r. Mentalis, Mental region—r.  Mesogas-
trica, Umbilical region—r. Nasalis, Nasal region
—r. Nuchas, Nuchal region—r. Nuehalis, Nuchal
region—r. Occipitalis, Occiput—r.  Occipitalis in-
ferior, Nuchal region — r. Perinasi, Perinasum —
r.  Prascordiaca, Prascordial  region — r. Pubis,
Pubic region — r. Stomachalis, Epigastric region
—r. Stomachica, Epigastric region—r.  Tempora-
lis, Temple — r. Umbilicalis, Umbilical region.
  RE'GION, Re'gio. Same etymon.  Anatomists
have  called regions, determinate  spaces on  the
surface  of the body or of different organs. Thus,
the abdomen  has  been divided  into several; to
which different names  have been given.    See
Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, Hypo-
gastrium.
  REGION OMBILICALE, Umbilical region.
  REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy.
  REGLES, Menses — r. Divies,  Menstruation,
vicarious—r. Difficiles, Dysmenorrhoea.
  REGLISSE, Glycyrrhiza.
  REGLUTINATIO, Dicollement.
  REGNE ANIMAL, see Animal.
  REG'ULAR, Regula'ris, from regula, 'a rule.'
According to  rule.  Applied to the types of a
disease,  and to the pulse, when according to
rule.
  Regular Practit"ioner.   One who practises
his profession according to the rules established
by law  or custom.
  REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium.
  REGURGITATION, Regurgita'tio.   The act
by which a canal or reservoir frees itself, without
effort, from substanees accumulated in it.  Usu-
ally, it  is applied to  the  puking or posseting of
infants; and to the rising of solids or fluids into
the mouth in the adult,—from re, and gorge, 'the
throat.'  What is  called " vomiting at pleasure"
is regurgitation.
  The substances  brought into the mouth by re-
gurgitation, the French call Renvoia.
  REIN, Kidney.
  HEINE DES PRES,  Spirasa ulmaria.
  REINERZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Rein-
erz is a small town in Silesia, three German miles
from Glitz.   The waters  are  acidulous chaly-
beates.    The  principal springs  are  the  tepid
drinking spring, the cold spring, and three bath-
ing springs.
   REINFORCE'MENT, FASCICULUS OF, F.
Cunea'tua.  A band of fibres from the  corpua in-
nominatum, or lateral part of the antero-lateral
column  of the medulla, which  is continued up
behind  and around the corpus olivare, is  lined on
its inner or central surface with cineritious sub-
stance,  enlarges as it ascends,  passes over the
upper surface of the pons Varolii, and is expanded
into  the  optic thalamus.   It thus forms,  in its
course,  the anterior paries of the fourth ventricle,
and is  brought into view by brushing away the
tuberculum cinereum or gray matter of the ven-
tricle. The band has received these names owing
to its constantly increasing as it ascends,  and be-
ing mixed up with gray matter on its inner face,
from which it seeins to derive new fibres.
  REINS, Kidneys, Lumbi.
  REJECTIO,  Anago'ge, from  re, and jacere,
' to cast.'   Every excretion  by the mouth ; spit-
ting, expectoration, regurgitation, or vomiting.
  RejectIo Sanguinis e Pulmonibus, Haemop-
tysis.
  REJUVENES'CENCE, Rejurcneacen'tia, from
re,  ' again, and juvenescena, ' growing  young ;'
(jucenia, 'a youth').  A renewal of youth.  The
state of being young again.  The assumption of
the characteristics of youth by the aged.
  RELA CIIEMENT, Relaxation.
  RELAPSE, IIypot'rope, Epia'trophe, Hypoa'-
trophe,  Morbi recidi'va,  Hypotropitts'mus, from
re, 'again,' and labor, 'I fall down.'  The return
of a disease, during,  or  shortly  after, convales-
cence.   The French use Reehute in this  sense;
and Recidive (Morbua recidi'vua) for the return
of a complaint,  at a greater or less period after
the complete restoration of health.
  The terms Relopaing fever, Short fever, Five-
dag  fever, Seven-day fever, Bil'ioua Remitt'ent
fever, Remitting Icteric fever, and Mild  Yellow
fever, have been  given  to a form  of continued
fever, which has occasionally appeared epidemi-
cally, as in Edinburgh,  in  1843 and 1847, and
was  generally  attended  with icteric symptoms.
The main phenomena  disappeared  at about the
end of a week;  but in many cases a relapse oc-
curred about the end of a fortnight. Few died
of the affection.
  RELAPSING FEVER, see Relapse.
  RELATIO, Rapport.
  RELATION,  FUNCTIONS OF, see Function.
  RELAX'ANT, Laxttna, Molact'icum, Chalaa'-
ticum,. Parct'tcum,  (F.) Rclachant, from  re,  and
laxare,  'to loose.'   A medicine which diminishes
the tension of organs.  Mucilaginous and fatty
substances are relaxants.
  RELAXANTIA, Emollients.
  RELAXATIO CORDIS ET ARTERIARUM,
Diastole.
  RELAXATION, Relaxa'tio.  Same  etymon.
Chala'aia, Chalaa'moa, (F.) Relaehement.  In Phy-
aiology, relaxation is opposed to contraction.  In
Pathology, it means great looseness of a part.
  RELEVEUR DE L'ANUS,  Levator ani —
r. de la Levre inferieure,  Levator labii inferioris
— r. rfit Menton,  Levator labii inferioris — r. de
V Omoplate, Levator scapulas — r. de la Proatate,
Levator prostatas — r. de V Urethre, Levator  ure-
thras.
  RELIQUAT,  (F.)  The remnant or remains
of a disease.
  REMAK FIBRES, see Fibres, Remak.
   REMANSIO  MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea.
   REMEDE, Clyster, Medicament — r.  du Ca-
puchin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici—r. de Durand,
Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus — r.  du  Due
d'Antin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici.
   REMEDIAL, Medicinal.
   REMEDIATE, Medicinal.
   REMEDILESS, Incurable.
   REMEDIUM, Juvans, Medicament — r. Den-
tifrieium, Dentifrice.
   REMEDY, Medicament—r. English, Cinchona.
   REMISSIO, Decline, Remission—r. Cordis et
Arteriarum, Diastole — r. Morbi, Remission—r.
Virium, Atony.
   REMIS'SION, Remi8'aio, Epan'eaia,  An'eaia,
Submia'aio, Aph'eaia, En'dosia, Remia'aio, Meio'-
aia, from  remittere, (re, and mittere, 'to  send'), 
REMITTENS               747             REPRODUCTION
  to relax.   In a more extensive signification, a
 temporary diminution of the symptoms of a dis-
 ease,  cither acute  or  chronic, Remia'aio morbi.
 Diminution  in the febrile  symptoms,  such as
 occurs in a  remittent fever, between the exacer-
 bations.
   REMITTENS  ICTERODES, Fever, yellow.
   REMITTENT,  Remit'tens.   Same  etymon.
 Any disease which presents  remiaaiona.
   Remittent  of  Children,  Fever, infantile re-
 mittent.
   Remittent  Fever, Febria remit'tena, Epan'e-
 tns,  Exac"crbating, paroxysmal,  sub-continual,
 endem'ic, enilem-'ial or ciidem' ical fever, (F.) Fte-
 vre reinittcnte, is one which strikingly exacerbates
 and remits, but without intermission.   The ordi-
 nary bilious fever of the United States  is a simple
 remittent—Epanetus mitia, (F.) Fievre reinittcnte
 simple.
   Remittent  Fever, Bilious, Remittent  fever,
 see Relapse.
   H emitting Icteric Fever, see Relapse.
   KEM'ORA, from remorari, (re, and  mora, 'de-
 lay,) 'to arrest.'  The name of two surgical  in-
 struments, intended to retain parts in  situ.  The
 one was used, formerly, in castration,  to prevent
 the intestines from protruding  at the inguinal
 ring; the other,  called  ltcmora Hilda'ni, (F.)
 Arret d'Hildan,  Echene'is,  was  employed  to
 maintain fractures and luxations reduced.   It is
 not now used.
   Re mora Aratri, Ononis spinosa.
   REN, Kidney.
   RENAL,  Rena'Ua,  from  Ren, 'the kidney.'
 That which relates to the kidney.
   Renal Arteries, Emulg"ent Arteries, are very
 large and short, and commonly two in  number—
 one to each kidney.  They arise from the  sides
 of the abdominal  aorta, forming with  it a right
 angle.  The left is commonly a little more ante-
 rior and elevated  than  the right.  After a short
 course, they arrive at the fissure of the kidney,
 where they divide, before  entering it,  into  three
 or four very considerable branches.
  Renal Capsule, Capsule,  renal—r.  Nerve, see
 Splanchnic Nerves.
  Renal Plex'uses, Emulgent Plexuses.  These
 are two :—one on  each side.   They proceed from
 fasciculi of the solar and coeliac  plexuses;  from
 the outer side of the semilunar ganglion and the
 final  expansion of the small  splanchnic nerves.
 These plexuses begin by three or four ganglions,
 situate at the commencement of the renal artery;
 and they give off from their circumference many
 fine, straight filaments, which do not anastomose,
 and which enter the kidney with the divisions
 of the renal  artery.  These  divisions  they ac-
 company.
  Renal Veins,  Emulgent.  Veins.   These are
 very large.  Their roots follow the same course
 as the arteries in  the substance of the kidney.
 In  the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion of. the kidney,
 they  unite into a single  trunk, which passes
 transversely inwards, and opens at the side of the
 venn cava descendens.
  RENCHUS,  Snoring, Stertor.
  REN'CULUS, Renic'ulus, Ren'ulua, diminutive
 of Ren, ' a kidney.'  A small  kidney.   A lobe of
 the  kidney.
  RENES  SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules, renal.
  REMCULUS, Renculus.
  RENIFORM, Nephroid.
  RENNES,  MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther-
mal salines in  the department of Aube, France, |
 containing carbonic acid and  chloride of magne-
 sium.  Temperature 103 to 121°, of Fahr.
   RENNET, Runnet, from (G.) gerinnen, 'to
 coagulate.' (?)  When the fourth stomach or Abo.
 mnaua of the calf is salted  and dried, jt possesses
 the property of coagulating milk, when a portion
 of it is  soaked in water, and  the infusion—Ren-
 net—is added to milk.
   Rennet Whey, see Serum lactis.
   RENNSEI^ERIA, Leptandra Virginica.
   RENONCULE. Ranunculus—r. Bulbeuae, Ra-
 nunculus bulbosus.
   RENOUEE, Polygonum aviculare.
   RENOUEUR, (F.) Rebouteur, Rhabilteur.  A
 bone-doctor: — a bone-aetter.   One who makes  a
 trade of reducing fractures and dislocations.
   RENOVATIO, Ananeosis.
   RENUENS,  Rectus capitis internus minor.
   RENULUS,  Renculus.
   RENUM  ATONIA, Nephratonia — r. Paraly-
 sis, Nephratonia.
   RENUNCIATIO, Rapport.
   RENVERSEMENT DE LA LANGUE, Pa-
 raglossa—r. de  la Matrice,  Uterus, inversion of
 the—r. dea Paupierea, Ectropion—r. du Rectum,
 Proctocele—r. de la Vessie, Exocyste, Exstrophia
 of the bladder.
   RENVOIS, see Regurgitation.
   REPANDATIO, Lordosis.
   REPARATION, Restauratio.
   REPAR'ATIVE,  Repar'atory.    Having the
 power of restoring or repairing.
   REPELLENTIA, Repellents.
   REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia, Repercutien'tia,
 Apocrns'tica,  Repercus'sives,  (F.) Rc'percuaaifa,
 from re, and pellere, ' to drive.' Medicines which,
 when applied to a tumefied part, cause the fluids,
 that render it tumid, to recede, as it were, from
 it.   Astringents, cold water, ice, Ac., are  repel-
 lents.^
   REPERCUSSIFS, Repellents.
   REPERCUSSIO, Contra-fissura, Repercussion.
   REPERCUS'SION, Repercus'sio,   Anac'Iasis,
 from re, per, and quatere,  'to shake or batter.'
 Disappearance of a tumour or cutaneous eruption,
 in consequence of the application of  a repellent.
 The action of a  repellent remedy.  The French
 writers use the  term Delitescence, Dclitescen'tia,
 for the sudden  disappearance  of a  tumour, in-
 flammation, eruptive  disease, or purulent collec-
 tion, without the disease occurring in any other
 part of the body: in this respect delitescence dif-
 fers  from metastasis: Di/iteacence of an inflam-
 mation or ' sudden disappearnce' is distinguished
 by certain  French pathologists from Reaolution.
 Repercussion also means Ballottement.
  REPERCUSSIVES, Repellents.
  REPERCUTIENTIA, Repellents.
  REPLETION, Fulness, Plethora.
  REP LI LONGITUDINAL  DE  LA   ME-
 NINGE, Falx cerebri.
  REPOSITIO, Anaplasis,  Reduction, Taxis
  REPOUSSOIR,  Punch—r. d'Aritee, Probane
  REPRIMENS, Epischeticus.
  B.EPB.OBV C'TION,Reproduc'tio,Regenera-tw,
from re, and producere, (pro, and dttcere.)   The
function  by which living bodies produce bodies
similar to  themselves.  See Generation.  As a
general remark, it will be found true, that the
larger animals are uniparous;  and the smaller,
which are more  exposed to  destruction, multipa-
rous.  The mammalia being of the same natural
class as man, it  may be useful  to compare them
in this respect, 
REPRODUCTION
748
RES
COMPARATIVE TABLE  OF  REPRODUCTION IN THE  CLASS  MAMMALIA.
Species,
     Primates.
Man.................
Monkeys (large)......
  Do.   (long  tailed)

     Camivora.
Bear.................
Badger ...............
Hedgehog............
Ferret................
Otter.................
Pole-cat,
Marten,
Weasel, and
Ermine,
Didelphus,
Opossum, and
Philander,
Lion.................
Tiger,  J
Leopard 1.......
Lynx................
Wild Cat.............
Wolf................
Dog, in the most j
  natural state, j ''"
Fox..................
Jackal] ..............
Isatis................
Phoca ...............

      Rodentia.
Squirrel..............
Flying Squirrel.......
Ondatra  .............
Beaver..............
Hare.................
Rabbit...............
Rat..................
Mouse...............
Marmot..............
Guinea Pig...........
Dormouse............

      Edentata.
Armadiila............

    Ruminantia.
Camel................
Dromedary...........
Buffalo ..............
Beef..................
Lama................
Reindeer.............
Buck and Doe........
Roebuck..............
Saiga (Antelope)......
Chamois and WildGoat
Goat.................
Musimon ............
Sheep ................

      Solipedes.
Horse................
Ass..................
Zebra .... -...........

    Pachydermata.
Hog .................
Elephant.............
Rhinoceros...........
Hippopotamus  .......
Morse ...............
Age capable of en-gendering.	Duration of gesta-tion.	Number of young at each birth.	Period of cessation of the function.
14 years 3 years 2 years 2 years	9 months 7 months 6 months 112 days	1 to 3 l Do. \ Do. S 1 to 4 3 to 4 3 to 5 5 to 9 twice a year 3 to 4 3 to 6 4 to 6 3 to 4 4 to 5 3 to 4 4 to 6 5 to 9 3 to 6 Do. 5 to 8 6 to 7 2 to 3 3 to 4 twice a year 3 to 4 3 to 5 2 to 3 I 2 to 4 several ) j times a year j 4 to 8 do. 5 to 6 do. Do. 2 to 4 5 to 8 times a year 3 to 5 4 times a year 1 1 1 1 to 2 Do. 1 1 to 2 Do. Do. I, 2, and 3 Do. 1 to 2 Do. 1 to 2 Do. Do. 10 to 20 1 or 2 1 or 2 (?) 1	At a somewhat ad-vanced age. 25 to 30 years. 20 to 25 years. Produces during life.
1 year 11 months	1 mo. and 10 days Do. 3 months 56 days		
before 1 year			8 to 10 years. 10 years. (?) 20 to 25 years. Do.
2 years Do.	3 to 4 months 3 months 9 weeks 56 days 73 days 63 days 2 months Do. 63 days 3 months (?) 45 days		
before 1 year 2 years 10 months 1 year			9 years. J 5 to 20 years. 15 years. 10 or 12 years.
			
			
1 year			Produces during life. Do.
			Lives 6 years.
	4 months 30 days Do. 5 or 6 weeks 1 month 6 weeks 3 weeks		
1 year 6 months Do. Do.			Lives 8 years. Lives 8 or 9 years. Produces during life. Do. Do.
5 to 6 weeks 1 year			Do.
			7 to 8 years. (?) 40 to 50 years. Do. 15 to 18 years. 9 yeafs.
4 years Do. 3 years 2 years 3 years 2 years li year Do. 1 year Do. Do. IJ year 1 year 2| years Do. Do. 9 months or 1 year 16 years (?) 5 years (?)	11 months or 1 y'r Do. 9 months Do.		
	8 months Do. 5 months Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 290 days Do. Do. 4 months 9 to 11 months		Lives 16 years. Lives 25 or 30 years. Lives 12 or 15 years. Lives 15 or 20 years. Lives 18 or 20 years. 7 years. 8 or 10 years. 8 years. 25 or 30 years. Do. Do. 15 years. Lives 70 years, (?) Lives 60 years. (?)
			
	9 months		■
  REPULSORIUM, Punch.
  REPURGA'TIO, Anacathar'ais, from re, and
purgare, 'to cleanse.'  According  to  Castelli —
purgation by transpiration  or  by expectoration.
Medicines producing this effect are  called Repur-
gan'tia.
  REQUIES, Acinesia.
  REQUIETIO, Acinesia.
  RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM.  'Things against
nature,' (F.) Ohoaea contre-nature, are those things
which  tend  to  destroy  man; — as disease, and
every thing  connected with it.
  Res Culinaria, Culinary art—r. Medica, Me-
dicina.
  Res Nattjra'les, (F.) Choaea naturelles. Those
things, which, by their union, were conceived to
constitute the nature of man; such  as  the ele«
ments, temperaments, humours, spirits, Ac. 
RESEAU                 749               RESPIRA'TION
   Res non  Natuua'les, (F.) Choaes non-natu-
 rellca.  Those things  which, anciently, formed
 the matter of hygiene.  See  Non-naturals.
   Res Venerea, Coition — r. Vestiaria, Vestitus.
   RE SEA U, Rete —r. Admirable, Rete mirabile
 —r. Meneilteux, Rete mirabile.
   RE.^ECTIO,  Resection — r.  Articulorum,  see
 Resection.
   RESECTION, Reeec'tio,  from reaecare,  (re,
 and secure,) 'to cut off.'   A name, given, espe-
 cially by  the French surgeons, to operations in
 which  the carious extremities of long bones, or
 the unconsolidated extremities of fractured bones
 forming irregular joints, are removed with the saw
 —Resectio articulo'rum, Decapita'tio articulo'rum.
   RESECTION, see Amputation.
   RESEDA CRISPATA—r. luteola— r. Lanceo-
 lata—r. luteola.
   Rkse'iiv lute'ola, R. lanceola'ta sou criapa'ta,
 Lute'ola,  Weld, Dyer's  Weed.  A European plant
 naturalized  in the United  States, which was at
 one time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic.
   RESERANS,  Aperient.
   RESERVE  AIR,  see Respiration.
   RESERVOIR DE LA BILE, Gall-bladder
 — r. du Chyle, Receptaculum chyli — r. des Lar-
 mes, Lachrymal sac—r. of Pecquet, Receptaculum
 chyli — r. de Pecquet, Receptaculum chyli—r. of
 the Thymus, see Thymus.
   RESIDENTIA, Sediment.
   RESIDUAL  AIR, see Respiration.
   RESIMUS, Camus.
   RESIN, Resi'na, Rheti'ne.   A vegetable pro-
 duet, commonly  dry  and concrete, more or less
 brittle, inodorous or  slightly  odorous, insipid, or
 of an acrid warm taste;  of a smooth, glassy frac-
 ture, heavier than water, inflammable, insoluble
 in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and yolk of an
 egg, and negatively electrifiable by friction. Many
 resins are  used in medicine; the greater part  are
 purgative  and irritating.   Some act like acrid
 poisons.
   Resin, Cayenne, Caoutchouc—r. of the Spruce
 fir, see Pinus abies.
   RESINA,  Resin —r. Abietis,  Pinus  Abies,
 Pinus  picea — r. Abietis  humida,  Pinus  abies
 — r.  Abietis sicca,  see Pinus abies — r. Alba,
 see Pinus  sylvestris — r. Alba humida, see Pinus
 Abies—r. Cayennensis, Caoutchouc—r.Copal,  Co-
 pal—r. Elastica, Caoutchouc—r. Fiava, see Pinus
 sylvestris — r. Fluida Canadensis, see Pinus bal-
 samea—r.  Juniperi, Sandarac—r. Laricis, see  Pi-
 nus larix — r. Lentiseina, see  Pistachia lentiscus
 — r. Liquida pini balsamea?, see Pinus balsamea
 — r. Liquidi  pini laricis, see Pinus larix — r. Ni-
 gra, Colophonia—r. Pini, see Pinus sylvestris—r.
 Pini empyreumatica liquida, see Pinus  sylvestris
 — r. Pini abietis  sponte conereta, see Pinus abies
 — r. Strobilina, see Pinus balsamea, and Pinus
 mughos—r. Terebinthi,  see Pistachia terebinthus.
   RESINA'TUM, Rhetino'ton.   An  epithet  for
 wine  impregnated with resin, and used by the
 ancients as a stomachic.
   RESIA'E  DE GAlAC, see Guaiacum—r. Go-
 mart, see  Bursera gummifera  — r. de Lierre,  see
 Hedera helix.
   RESINOCE'RUM, Rhetinoce'ron, from prjrtvri,
 'resin,' and xrjpos, 'wax.'  A mixture of resin and
 wax.—Galen.
   RESOLUTIO,  Resolution—r. Membrorum, Pa-
ralysis.
   Resolutio Morbt.   The resolution  or  disap-
pearance of a disease;  especially when without
any critical evacuation.
   Resolutio et Diabrosis  Ventriculi, Gastro-
malacia—r. Nervorum,  Paralysis — r. Ventriculi
RUtopeptica, Gastromalacia—r. Virium, Dialysis.
   RESOLU'TION, Reaolu'tio,  Diacua'aio,  from
 reaolvere, (re and solvere, 'to loosen.')  Removal
 or disappearance, as of a disease.  Resolution is
 one of the terminations of inflammation, in which
 the inflamed part returns gradually, and  without
 suppuration, to the healthy condition.
   RE SOL UTION DES MEMBRES, Paralysis.
   RESOLVENTIA, Discutients.
   RES'ONANCE, (F.) Retentiasement, Rieon-
 nance, Rieonnement, from re,  'again,' and sono,
 'I sound.'  'A return of sound.'  A resounding;
 a  reverberation of  sounds.   A  thrilling of  the
 voice  more loud than natural; or its existence in
 a part where it is not heard  in  health,—as de-
 tected by auscultation.   A thickened  and hard-
 ened  state of the lungs, caused either by a mass
 of crude tubercles, or by inflammation, is gene-
 rally considered to produce this phenomenon, by
 rendering the  lung a  better conductor of  the
 murmur of the voice in  the  bronchi.   Hence the
 origin of the term Bronchophony, from /}povx°s,
 •bronchus,' and  tptavn,  'the voice;'  (F.)  Voix
 bronchique, Voix tubaire, V. bourdonnante.
   Resonance, Vibrations of, see Sound.
   RESONITUS, Contra-fissura.
   RES'ONANT, Rea'onana, Rea'onua, (F.)  Re-
 tentiaaant, Reaonnant, Resounding, see Resonance.
   RESONNANCE, Resonance.
   RESONNEMENT, Resonance.
   RESORBENS, Absorbent.
   RESORPTIO, Absorption, Resorption— r. Cu-
 tanea, see Absorption — r. Cutis, see Absorption.
   RESORP'TION, Resorp'tio, from resorbere, (re,
 'again,' and sorbere,) 'to absorb again.'  Absorp-
 tion of a fluid which has been previously depos-
 ited in a part by the exhalants,—as of  pus, blood,
 serum, Ac.
   RES'PIRABLE, Reapirab'ilis.   Same ety-
 mon as Respiration.  Capable of being breathed.
 Adapted for respiration.
   RESPIRAMEN, Respiration.
   RESPIRAMENTUM, Respiration.
   RESPIRATIO, Respiration — r. Abolita, Ap-
 ncea—r. Brevis, Dyspnoea—r. Difficilis, Dyspnoea
 —r. Stertens,  Stertor—r. Stertuosa, Stertor.
   RESPIRA'TION,  Reapira'tio, Anap'noe, from
 reapiro, (re, and apiro,) 'I take breath.'  Anap-
 neu'aie, Pneu'aia apira'tio, Reapira'men, Reapira-
 mentum, Reapira'tua,  Re8pir'itua,  Spir'itua.   A
 function proper to animals, the object of which
 is, to place the  materials of the blood—the mix-
 ture of the venous blood with lymph and chyle—
 in  contact with atmospheric  air, in order  that it
 may acquire the vivifying qualities that belong to
 arterial blood.   The  organs for  executing this
 function are,  in the  mammalia, birds, and rep-
 tiles, the lunga.   In  man, the respiration consists
 of mechanical and chymical phenomena.  The
 mechanical are Inapiration and Expiration.  The
 evident chymical phenomena consist in the form-
 ation of a certain quantity of carbonic acid, the
 absorption of a part of the oxygen of the air, and
 the disengagement of a quantity of water in  the
 state of vapour.  In the healthy condition  the
 respiration is  easy, gentle, regular, and without
 noise.   In man, the respirations are generally
 about  35  per  minute in the first year of life •  25
 during the second; 20 at puberty; and 18 in'the
 adult age.
   The  air of respiration has been divided into,
firat, the reaidual air or that which cannot be  ex-
 pelled  from the lungs but remains after a full and
 forcible expiration, estimated  at 120 cubic inches:
 aecondly, the aupplementary or reaerve air or that
 which  can be  expelled  by a  forcible expiration,
 after an ordinary outbreaking, valued  at 130  cu-
 bic inches: thirdly, the breath,  tidal or breathing
 air, valued at  26 cubic inches :  and fourthly,  the
 complementary or complemental air, or that which 
RESPIRATION               750              RUTIA UTERI
can be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration, which
amounts to 100 cubic inches.  This estimate gives
250 cubic  inches  as  the  average volume of air
which the chest contains after an ordinary expi-
ration.
  RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUE, see Mur-
mur,  respiratory — r. Exagirie, see Puerile — r.
Hypervisiculaire,  see Puerile.
  Respiration, Jerking, (F.)R. aaccadie. When
the murmur of inspiration,  in place of being  con-
tinuous, is interrupted as  by starts,"*it is called
'jerking.'   It is a concomitant of incipient pleu-
risy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma,  and tuber-
culosis of the lung with corresponding pleuritic
adhesion.—Walshe.
  Respiration op the Cells, Murmur,  respira-
tory—r. Metallic, Tintement metallique—r. Nulle,
see Murmur, respiratory — r. Proof,  Docimasia
pulmonum—r. Puirile,  see Puerile—r. Rdpeuae,
see Murmur, respiratory — r. Rude, see Murmur,
respiratory—r. Silencieuae, see Murmur, respira-
tory— r. Saccudie, R. jerking—r. Soufflante, Mur-
mur,  respiratory — r. Supplimentaire,  see Puerile
.—r. Tubal, see Murmur, respiratory.
   RESPIRA'TOR,  same  etymon.  Various in-
struments, under this name, have been  devised
for the purpose  of  tempering the air before it
reaches the lungs in winter.  One of the best is
ithat of Jeffrey, which is made of several layers
of fine wire tissue.
   RESPIRATORIUM   VENTRIS, Diaphragm.
   RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory.
   RES'PIRATORY, Reepirato'riue,  same  ety-
mon.  Appertaining to  respiration.   An  epithet
applied to the murmur heard by auscultation in
a healthy adult, during inspiration  and  expira-
tion.  It  marks  the entrance of  the air  into the
cells, and its passage out of them. See Murmur,
   Respiratory,  External, Nerve, see Thoracic
nerves — r.  Internal,   nerves,  Diaphragmatic
Nerves — r. Nerve of the face, Facial Nerve — r.
Superior, nerve, Spinal  Nerve.
   Respiratory  Tract,  Tractue reapirato'rin8.
The  middle column of  the spinal marrow, de-
scribed by Sir Charles  Bell as  that whence the
respiratory nerves originate.  See Nerves.
   RESPIRATUS, Respiration.
   RESPIRITUS, Respiration.
   RESSERRE. (VENTRE,) Constipation.
   RESTA BOVIS,  Ononis spinosa.
   RESTAGNATIO, Eructation.
   RESTAURANS,  Corroborant.
   RESTAURA'TIO, Refec'Ho,  Refec'tus,  Ana-
 lep'aia, Anatrep'aia, Anacom'ide, Anolte'aie, Anac-
te'aia, Apocataa'taaia.   Restoration of strength,
after disease or great fatigue; Epanortho'eia, Re-
crea'tio, Redintegra'tio, Reataura'tio virium.   Re-
turn  of the  organs  to   their normal condition.
Recov'ery, Recupera'tion, Reparation.
   Restauratio Virium, see Restauratio.
   REST  HARROW, Ononis spinosa.
   RESTIFORMTS, from reatie, 'a rope,' and for-
 ma, 'shape.'  Shaped like  a rope, as the 'Corpora
 resf7ybr?)i7'a.'
   Restipormis Processus, Coracoid.
   RESTITUTIO, Reduction—r. Organiea, Morio-
plastice—r. Partium deperditarum, Morioplastice.
   RESTLESSNESS, Agitation.
   RESTORATION, Restauratio.
   RESTORATIVE, Corroborative.
   RESTRICTIO INTESTINI RECTI vel  ANI,
 Stricture of the rectum.
   RESUMPTI'VUS, Reanmpto'rina;  from  re,
 'again,'  and aumere, 'to take.'  Causing to  re-
 sume.  Resumpti'vum.   Any agent calculated to
 restore flesh and strength .to one who has  been
 reduced.
  RESUMPTOUTUS, Resumptivus.
  RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist.
  R E S U RR E C'T 10 N I S T, Resurrection-mcm,
Body anatcher: from re, and eurgerc, 'to arise.'
An  individual who violates the sanctuary of the
grave to obtain subjects for dissection.
  RESUSCITA'TION, Reauacita'tio, from rcans-
cita're, (re, and suacitare, sursum citare sen cicre,)
'to move up,' 'to stir up anew.'  Reririfica'tion.
The  restoration of persons, apparently dead, to
life.   See Asphyxia and Suffocation.
  RETCHING, Vomiturition.
  RETE,  Plexus—r.  Malpighii, Corpus muco-
sum.
  Rete, Retic'ulum; 'a net;' Dict'yon, (F.) Ri-
ecau.   A   name  given to the  interlacing  and
decussation of blood-vessels, lymphatics, fibres,
and nerves when  they form a kind of network.
  Rete has also been  applied to the epiploon.—
Castelli.
  Rete Majus,  Epiploon, gastro-colic.
  Rete Mirab'ile, (F.) Reseau  admirable, R.
merveilleux.  A name  given  to the ramifications
and anastomoses  of the internal carotid and ver-
tebral arteries at the base of  the brain.
  Rete Mirabile vel  Rete  Vasctlo'sum Mal-
riG'Hii is  the plexus  formed on the cells of the
lungs  by the minute ramifications of the pulmo-
nary artery.
  Rete Mucosum, Corpus mucosum.
  Rete seu  Rete Vasculo'sum  Testis.   An
irregular plexus or network, formed  by the com-
munication of the Vaaa recta at the upper and
back part  of the testicle.  These Vasa recta are
sent out at the back part of the testicle, from the
convoluted seminal  tubes.   The Rete  Vasculo-
sum  testis sends out from  twelve to eighteen
straight tubes, called Vaaa efferentia, which  con-
vey  the semen from the testes to the epididymis.
  RETENTIO,  Retention — r. Aerea, Dyspnoea
—r. Alvlna, Constipation—r. Bilis, Ischocholia.
  Retentio  Fluxus  Hemorrhoidals.    Sup-
pression of the hasmorrhoidal flux.
  Retentio Fcetus, Dystocia—r. Lactis, Ischoga-
lactia—r.   Lochiorum,  Ischiolochia—r. Mensiuui,
see Amenorrhoea—r. Spermatis, Ischospcrmia —
r. Sudoris, Hydroschesis.
  RETEN'TION, Reten'tio,  Apolcp'aia, Apolep'-
sie, from retinere,  (re, and tenere,) 'to hold back.'
Accumulation of  a solid "or  liquid substance, in
canals intended  for its excretion, or in a reser-
voir, intended to contain it for a short period.
  Retention op Urine;  Paru'ria Retentio'nia
veaica'lia,  lachu'ria  veaica'lis, Retentio  Uri'na,
(F.) Ritention d'urine.  A disease  in which the
urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be evac-
uated ; or, at least,  cannot be passed  without
extreme difficulty.  In  the former  case, the re-
tention is  said to be complete ;  in  the latter, in-
complete.   Many writers have distinguished  three
degrees of this affection, to which they have given
the names Dyaury, Strangury, and Ieehury.  Re-
tention of urine  may  depend upon  loss of con-
stractility, paralysis  of the  bladder, &c,  or  on
some obstacle to the  passing of the urine,  as in
 eases of pressure of the womb on the bladder, of
tumours in its vicinity, foreign bodies in its cavity,
inflammation of the urethra, swelling of the  pros-
tate, stricture, &c. The pain  is extremely violent,
and the bladder may  be found distended  above
the pubis.  The treatment consists in introducing
the  catheter, or  puncturing  the bladder,  and in
combating the cause, which has produced the re-
tention, by particular means adapted to each case.
   RETENTISSANT, Resonant.
   RETENTISSEMENT, Resonance —r.  Auto-
 phonique,  see Autophonia.
   RETIA UTERI, see Uterus. 
RETICULAR               751             RETROVERSION
  RETICULAR,  Re'tiform, Reticulars,  Ret'-
inue, AmphibleatroVdea, Dycto'i'dea,  Retifor'mia,
from rete, ' a net.'   That which resembles a net.
An epithet applied to many structures in  the
body.
  Reticular Body, Corpus mucosum — r. Sub-
stance, Cellular tissue.
  RETICULARIA OFFICINALIS, Lichen pul-
monarius.
   RETICULUM: diminutive of rete, 'a  net.'
The Bonnet or Honeycomb bag— the second  sto-
mach of the ruminant animal.  See also, Epiploon,
and Rete.
   Reticulum  Cutaneum,  Rete  mucosum — r.
Mucosum, Rete mucosum.
   RETIFORM, Reticular.
   RET'INA, from rete, ' a net:' Tu'nica ret'ina
seu rcticula'ri8 seu retifor'mia seu in'tima oc'uli,
Involu'crum reti compara'tum, Verricula''ria mem-
bra'na,  Amphibleatroi'dea  membrana.   A  soft,
pulpy, graj'ish, semi-transparent, very thin mem-
brane ;  extending from  the optic nerve to the
crystalline, embracing the vitreous humour, and
lining the choroid; without, however, adhering
to  either of those parts.   It terminates by a de-
fined  edge — margo denta'tua — at the posterior
extremities of the ciliary processes.  It is consti-
tuted, according to most anatomists, by the ex-
pansion  of the optic nerve.  The retina appears to
be formed of two laminae ; so joined together, that
it  is almost impossible  to  separate them.   The
one — the innermost — is medullary, and pulpy;
the other—the outer—is  stronger, and fibro-vas-
cular. The retina is the essential organ of vision;
on it the images of objects are  impressed.   Both
it and the optic nerve are devoid of general  sen-
sibility.   They may  be  punctured  or  lacerated
without  pain being experienced.  The nerve of
general sensibility distributed to the eye is the
fifth pair.
   RETINACULA,  see  Retinaculum — r. Mor-
gagnii, see Fraena of the valve of Bauhin.
   RETINACULUM, from retinere, (re, and te-
nere,) ' to hold back.'   A surgical instrument,
formerly used in the operation of castration ;  and
in that of' hernia, to prevent the intestines from
 falling into  the  scrotum.— Scultet.  Retinacula
 are also band-like extensions of a  cellulo-mem-
 branous structure, which seem  to  suspend the
 ovum in the Follicle  of De Graaf.   They appear
 to correspond to  the chalazae  of the egg  of the
 bird.
   Retinaculum,  Bride.
   Retinaculum  Ten'dinum Peroneo'rum, Va-
 gi'na  malleola'ri8 extern'a.   The  ligamentous
 sheaths  that retain in situ at the outer ankle the
 tendons of the peroneal muscles.
   RETINI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio Ret'ina, Amphi-
 7>lestroidi'tia, Dicty'i'tia,  from  retina and  itis, a
 suffix denoting inflammation, — a term of hybrid
 formation.  Inflammation of the retina; an un-
 common affection, except as an accompaniment
 of other forms of ophthalmia.
   RETINOS'COPV, Retinoscop'ia, from retina,
 and axorraa, ' I view.'  Examination of the retina.
   RETINUS, Reticular.
   RETORT',  Retor'ta,  Batia,  Cornu, Cornu'ta,
 Cornea'ta, Cornumusa, (F.) Conine, from retorqueo,
 (re, and torqueo,  tortum,) 'I bend back.'  A ves-
 sel, commonly of glass or earthenware, employed
 in distillation.  It may be plain, or have a tubu-
 Inre for  admitting substances whilst the distilla-
 tion is going on.   In the latter case, it is said to
 be tu'bttlated,  (F.) Cornue tubulee.
   RETRACTION,  Retrac'tio,  from rctrahere,
 (,c and trahere,) 'to  draw back.'   State  of a
 part, when drawn towards the centre of the body
 or backwards: — as retraction  of  the  testicles.
Sometimes it is  used synonymously with short-
ening or drawing  up;  as  in retraction of the
thigh.
  RETRACTION DE LA MATRICE, Retro-
versio uteri.
  RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS, Buccinator.
  RET'RAHENS  AURIS, Poste'rior Auris, Tri-
cauda'lia, Tricepa Auris, Retrahena Auric'ula, R.
Auriculaifi, Secun'dua proprio'rum Auric'ula, Bi-
cauda'lia, pep'rimena Aitric'ula, Propriua Auria \
externa, (F.) Maatoido-conchinien, Jlnsto'ido-ori-
culaire  (Ch.), Aiiriculaire poaterieur.  It consists
of one  or more small  fasciculi or fleshy, thin,
somewhat  irregular fibres,  situated behind  the
ear.   These are attached to the mastoid process,
and  pass horizontally forwards, to terminate at
the  convexity formed by the concha of the ear.
If this  muscle had  any use, it would carry the
ear  backwards.
  RETRECISSEMENT, Arctatio, Stricture.
  RETRIMENTA VESICE, Urine.
  RETRIMENTUM, Excrement.
  RETROCES'SION, Retrocea'aio, Retrocea'aua,
Retrogrea'ana,  from  retrocedere,  (retro, 'back-
wards,' and cedere, ' to give place.')  The act  of
going back.  A disappearance or metastasis of a
tumour, eruption,  &c., from the outer part of the
body to the inner.
  RETROCESSUS, Retrocession.
  RETROFLEXIO UTERI, Retroversio uteri.
  RETROGRESSUS, Retrocession.
  RETROPHARYNGE'AL,  Retropharynge 'ua,
from retro, 'backwards,' and pharynx, 'the pha-
rynx.   Relating to parts behind the pharynx,—
as '  retropharyngeal abscess,'—an abscess behind
the  pharynx.
  RETROPULSIONDE LA  MATRICE, Re-
troversio uteri.
  RETROVACCINA'TION; from retro, 'back-
wards,' and vaccination.  Vaccination with matter
obtained from the cow, after inoculating the ani-
mal with vaccine matter from the human subject.
  RETROVER'SIO U'TERI, Retroversion of the
 Uterua, yEdopto'aia  Uteri retrover'aa, Retrofiex'io
 Uteri, Anapod'iaia seu Anapodia'mua  Uteri, (F.)
 Retroveraion,  Ritraction,  Obliquiti OU Ritropul-
 aion de la Matrice,  A change in  the position of
 the  uterus, so that the fundus of the organ  is
 turned  towards the concavity of  the sacrum,
 whilst  the neck  is directed towards the  sym-p
 physis  pubis.   This displacement is  commonly
 attended with  constipation, tenesmus, and reten-
 tion of urine.   Its usual period of occurrence is
 between  the third  and fourth  months of preg-
 nancy;  before the uterus has escaped above  the
 superior aperture of the pelvis.   In the treat-
 ment, the catheter must be regularly used  twice
 a day,  until the uterus, by its growth, rises above
 the  pelvis.  The  catheter should be  small, flat,
 and curved considerably more  than common, in
 consequence of the distorted course of the ure-
 thra.   The bowels must be kept open ;  and abso-
 lute rest,  in a  recumbent posture, be enjoined.
 Should it be impracticable to draw off the  urine,
 attempts must be  made to replace the uterus.
 The woman being on her hands  and knees,  the
 fore and middle fingers of the accoucheur's left
 hand are to be passed up the rectum to the fundus
 uteri;  which  they must elevate, whilst the cervix
 uteri is carefully depressed  by two fingers of  the
 right hand in  the vagina.   Should the fingers
 employed to elevate the fundus not be long enough
 to effect this object, a piece of whalebone may be
 substituted, having a small piece of sponge at-
 tached to one extremity as a pad.
   RETROVERSION DE LA MATRICE, Re-
 troversio uteri. 
REUNIO
752
RHENXIS
  REUNIO, Synthesis—r. Partium separatarum,
see Synthesis — r. per Primam intentionem, see
Intention—r. per Secundam intentionem, see In-
tention—r. Vasorum, Anastomosis.
  REUNION PRIMITIVE,  see Intention —r.
Secoudaire, see Intention.
  REVASSERIE,  Incoherence; see Somnium.
  REVE, Somnium.
  RE VEIL, see Sleep—r. en  Sursaut, see Sleep.
  REVELLENT, Derivative.
  REVERY, Aphelxia.
  REVIVIFICATION, Resuscitation.
  RE VULSIF, Derivative.
  REVULfSION, Revul'aio, from re, and vcllere,
'to pluck;' Antia'paaia.  The  act of turning the
principle of  a disease from the organ in which it
seems to have taken its seat.   Rubefacients, vesi-
catories, bleeding in the foot,  Ac., are often used
for this purpose.  See Derivation.
  REVULSIVE, Derivative — r.  Bleeding, see
Bloodletting.
  REVULSORIUS, Derivative.
  REX METALLORUM, Aurum.
  REYNOLDS'S SPECIFIC, see Vinum colchici.
  RHA, Rheum.
  RHABARBARUM, Rheum— r. Album, Con-
volvulus mechoachan — r. Antiquorum, Rheum
Rhaponticum—r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhaponti-
cum — r. Monachorum, Rumex patientia—r. Ni-
grum, Convolvulus jalapa—r.  Pauperum, Thalic-
tron—r. Sibericum, Rheum—r.Tartaricum Rheum
.—r. Turcicum, Rheum.
  RHABARBE, Rheum —r. Blanche, Convol-
vulus  mechoacan — r.  dee Moines,  Rumex Al-
pinus.
  RHABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture.
  RHABILLEUR, Renoueur.
  RHACHETiE, Rhachitas.
   RHACHETRUM, Medulla  spinalis.
   RHACHLEI, Rhachitae.
   RHACHIAGRA, Rachisagra.
  RHACHIALGIA, Rachialgia, Rhachiodynia,
Spinal irritation.
   RHACHIALGITIS, Spinal irritation, Myelitis.
  RHACHIDAGRA,  Rachisagra,  Rachialgia,
Rhachiodynia.
   RHACHIOCYPHOSIS, Gibbositas.
   RHACHIODYN'IA; from paXts, 'the vertebral
■column,' and oSvvn, ' pain;' RhachiaV gia.  Pain
in the vertebral column.
   RHACHIOMYELITIS, Myelitis.
   RHACHIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia.
   RHACHIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis.
   RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis.
   RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS; from paX'S, 'the
vertebral  column,' and arpctpta, ' I turn ;' Contor'-
tio colum'na vertebra'lia.  Deviation of the  verte-
bral column.
   RHACHIOT'OMUS,  Rhachiot'omum; from
paxn,  'the  vertebral column,'  and ro/in,  'inci-
sion.'   An instrument for opening the vertebral
column.
   RHACHIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia.
   RHACIIIPHYMA, Rachiphyma.
   RHACHIRRHEUMA, Lumbago.
   RHACHIS,  Vertebral  column—r.  Nasi,  see
 Nasus.
   RHACHISAGRA, Rachisagra.
   RHACHI'TJI, from paxn, 'the  vertebral
 column;'  Rhachia'i, Rachi'ta, Rhacke'ta,  or
 Rachia'i.  The muscles of the spine.
   RHACHITES, Medulla spinalis.
   RHACHITICUS, Rachiticus.
   RHACHITIS, Rachitis—r. Adultorum,  Molli-
 ties ossium—r. Spinalis, Rachisagra.
   RHACHITISMUS, Rachitis.
  RHACHOSIS, Rachosis.
  RHACHUS, Rhacua, Rhagua; from pnoeetv, 'to
tear.'   A wrinkle.  A laceration of the skin.  A
lacerated ulcer—ulcus lac"erum,
  RHACUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle.
  RILEBOCRANIA, Torticollis.
  RHAG'ADES, payaScs, Rhaga'dia; from pi>y-
wpt, 'to break  or  rend;'  Scissu'ra, Fisau'ra,
Fima.   Ruptures,  chaps,  or narrow and  long
ulcers,  which  form  near the origin of mucous
membranes,  especially  around  the anus,  and
which are generally owing to the syphilitic virus.
  Rhagades, see Fissure.
  RHAGE, Rage; payn.  Same etymon.  A suf-
fix denoting violent rupture or discharge, as in
Hemorrhage, Menorrhagia, &c.
  Rhage, Fissure.
  RHAGES, Uvae passae.
  RHAGODEITIS,  Uveitis.
  RHAGOI'DES, Rhago'de8, Rhago'ideua, Rha-
gicna, from paf, ' a grape.'  Grape-like;  as  Tu-
nica Rhagoidea:  the uvea.  Also, the choroid
coat of the eye.
  RHAGUS,  Rhachus, Wrinkle.
  RHAMNUS, Rhamnus cathar'ticus, Spina cer-
vi'na seu domes'tica, Rhamnua 8oluti'vua,  Spina
infecto'ria, Gerviapi'na, Buckthorn, Purging buck-
thorn,  (F.) Nerprun purgatif.   Family,  Rham-
noideae.  Sex. Syat. Pentandria Monogynia.   The
berries — Rhamni Bacca — have a faint and dis-
agreeable odour; and bitterish, nauseous taste.
They are cathartic, and are apt to excite griping,
which must be obviated by the use of diluents.
  Rhamnus Alater'nus, R. Hiapan'icus, Alater'-
Tiiis latifo'liua, Common alaternua, (F.) Alaterne.
The leaves have been used as detergents and as-
tringents, in the form of gargle especially.
  Rhamnus  Fran'gula.   The  Black Alder,
Frangula Alnus, Alnua  Nigra, (F.) Anne  noir,
Bourdane, Bourghie.  All the parts of this tree,
as well as of  the common  alder, are astringent
and bitter.  The bark is  most so.  The  inner,
yellow bark of the  trunk or root  acts as a ca-
thartic.  It has also been employed as an anthel-
mintic.
  Rhamnus Hispanicus, R. alaternus—r. Jujuba,
see Jujube—r. Lotus, see Jujube—r. Ziziphus, see
Jujube.
  RHANTER, Canthus, (greater.)
  RHAPHANEDON, Raphanedon.
  RHAPHANIA, Raphania.
  RHAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RHAPHE, Raphe, Suture.
  RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS; from pa$n, 'suture,'
and avutpvais, ' union.'  Union by suture,—as of
the bones of the cranium.
  RHAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum Rhaponticum — r.
Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium.
  RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhaponticum.
  RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RHAPYS, Raphanus hortensis.
  RHATANIA, Krameria ratanhia.
  RHAX, see Vitis vinifera.
  RHEGE, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration.
  RHEGMA, Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration,
Rhexis — r. Ligamentare, Apospasma.
  RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration.
  RHEMBASMUS, Somnambulism.
  RHEMBE, Rhembua; from pcuPciv, 'to wander
about.'  Irregularity in  the return of febrile pa-
roxysms.
   RHEMBUS, Rhembe.
   RHENCHUS, Rattle, Snoring.
   RHENXIS, Rattle, Snoring. 
RHEON                  753             RHEUMATISM
  RnEON, Rheum.
  RIIETINE, Resin.
  RHETINOCERON, Resinatum.
  RHETINOTON, Resinatum.
  RHEUM, (pronounced room,) Rheu'ma,  (F.)
Rhunie;  from  ptta,  'to  flow.'  Any thin watery
discharge from the mucous membranes  or skin ;
as the thin discharge from the air passages arising
from cold.
  Rheum, Salt.  A popular name in the United
States, like ' tetter",' for various  cutaneous affec-
tions of the cczematous and herpetic forms more
especially.  It is at times applied to a kind of
chronic psoriasis; and likewise  to cutaneous af-
fections in those who immerse the hands in me-
tallic  or acid  solutions. •  Webster defines it "a
vague  and  indefinite popular name,  applied to
almost  all the non-febrile cutaneous  eruptions
which  are common among adults, except ring-
worm and itch."
   Rhe'um,  Rhabar'barum, Rheon, Rha, Rhaeum,
Lap'athum orienta'le, L. Chinen'se, Rhabar'barum
ve'rum, R. Tartar'icum, R. Siber'icum,  R. Tur'-
ricum, Rhubarb,  (F.) Rhabarbe.  Family, Poly-
genes;.  Sex.  Syst. Enneandria Trigynia.  The
root—Rheum—is the part used in medicine.   Its
odour is aromatic, peculiar, and rather nauseous;
taste, somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bitterish, and
astringent.  It colours the saliva and the urine
yellow.  It is easily pulverized, and forms a pow-
der of a bright buff-yellow colour.  Both water
and spirit extract its virtues.  Rhubarb root is
purgative, stomachic and astringent. (?)  It is
chiefly  used for the properties  first mentioned.
Externally, the powder is sometimes sprinkled
over ulcers, to  assist their granulation.   Dose, Qj
to  5JSS  °f the  powder.   In a smaller  dose,  it is
stomachic.
   Numerous species of Rheum, Rh. pal-mat um,
Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compactum, have purga-
tive roots.
   The rhubarbs most  used in the United  States
are the  Chinese or India  Rhubarb — Rheum Si-
nen'se ve\ In'dicum ; the Russian, Turkey, or Bu-
charian  Rhubarb—Rheum Rus'sicum vel Tur'ci-
cum ;  and European Rhubarb.
   Rheum Compactum, Rheum — r. Indicum, see
Rheum—r. Palmatum, Rheum.
   Rheum Rhapon'ticum, Rhapon'tic  Rhubarb;
Rhapon'ticum,  Rhabar'barum  Dioscor'idis, R.
Antiquo'rum, (F.) Rhapontique, Rhapontic.  The
root of this seems to have been  the  rhubarb of
the ancients.  It is more astringent than that of
the rheum palmatum, and less purgative ; for the
latter  purpose, two or three  drachms being re-
quired for a dose.  French, Rhapontic, or Krimea
Rhubarb, is obtained from this species, as well as
from Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compactum.
  Rheum Russicum, see Rheum—r. Sinense, see
Rheum—r. Turcicum, see Rheum—r. Undulatum,
see Rheum.
  RHEUMA,  Catarrh, Diarrhoea, Rheum, Rheu-
matism.   Also, inflammation  of  a fibrous  tissue,
us in rheumatism and gout.— Fuchs.
   Rheuma  Catarrhale, Bronchitis,  (chronic)
— r. Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic,  Catarrh,
epidemic — r. Pectoris,  Catarrh — r. Uteri, Leu-
corrhoea.
  RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
  RHEUM ARTHRITIS, see Rheumatism,acute.
  It IIEU M A RTHROSIS. see Rheumatism, acute.
  RIIEUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic—r.
Arthritica. see Rheumatism, acute.
  RHEUMAT'IC, Rheumat'icua, Rheumatia'mal,
(F.) Rhuinatiamale,  Rhumatique.  Belonging to
rheumatism; as rheumatic fever.  Also, applied
to one affected with rheumatism;  (F.) Rhuma-
tieant.
      48
  Rheumat'ic Diath'esis, Diath'eaie rheumaf-
ica.  The special condition of the body that gives
occasion  to  rheumatism.  It may exist without
presenting the usual phenomena in the joints ;
whilst the heart  may be seriously affected.
  RHEU'MATISM, Ctttarrhce'a; from pevua, 'a
defluxion, catarrh.'  Dolor Rheumat'icua  et «r-
thrit'icue, (Hoffman,)  Rheumato'aia,  Myoao'tia,
Rheuma, Myodyn'ia, (F.) Rhumatiame.  A kind
of shifting phlegmasia, sometimes seated in the
muscles, sometimes in the parts surrounding the
joints; and  at others, within, them.  Hence the
names Muacular, Articular, and Synovial, which
have been applied to it.  The disease  may be
acute, or chronic.
  Rheumatism of the Abdomen, Coeliorrheuma.
  Rheumatism,  Acute, Rheumatia'mua acu'tua,
Rh. artieulo'rum  acu'tua, Rh. univeraa'lia febri'lia,
Arthro'aia acuta, Rheumatiamue, Rh. inflammato'-
riua sevihyperathen'icus, Rheumat'ic Fever, Rheu-
matopt'yra, Rhcumap'yra, Febria rheumat'ica in-
flammato'ria,  Syn'ocha rheumat'ica,  Myoso'tia,
Myi'tia, Ciiuma rheumatia'mu8, Arthri'tia rheuma-
tiamua, Arthro-rheumatia'mu8, Synovi'tia  rheuma-
tiama'lia, Hamo-arthri'tia,  (F.)  Rhumatiame
ttigu'e,  Pierre  rhumatiamale, usually  comes  on
with the ordinary symptoms  of fever;  soon after
which, or simultaneously, or even before the ap-
pearance of  febrile  signs, excruciating pains are
felt in different parts of the body, particularly in
the larger joints, which are more or less red and
swollen ; the pain shifting from one to the other,
at times with great rapidity.  The disease rarely
terminates in  less  than  six  weeks, during the
greater part of which period the febrile symptoms
remain severe; and what is  peculiar to the dis-
ease, the skin  may be covered daily with  a pro-
fuse perspiration, although it feels extremely hot,
and the  pulse appears in no way modified by it.
It is one of the  essential symptoms of the affec-
tion, and consequently affords  no relief.   The
only danger to be apprehended  from acute rheu-
matism,  notwithstanding the apparent  severity
of the symptoms, is the translation or extension
of the disease (metaetat'ic rheu'matiam)  to  some
internal part, especially to the heart.  This ten-
dency must always be borne  in  mind.  Acute
rheumatism  seldom terminates in chronic; they
who are liable to the former are rarely so to the
latter, and conversely.  The disease will gene-
rally run  its course in spite of treatment.   The
usual antiphlogistic plan had better be pursued
during the first  days of the disease.  Blood-let-
ting  may be employed, if the vigour of the pa-
tient and of the  disease seem to require it;  but,
although  the blood is generally  buffy, bleeding
does not usually  seem to afford much relief.  The
bowels must be kept open ;  effervescent draughts
be administered,  and opium be given in full doses
to allay pain.  This is, generally, all that is ne-
cessary  during the first week; after which, ad-
vantage will usually be obtained from the exhi-
bition of the sulphate  of quinia  with sulphuric
acid.  It does not augment the excitement, and
will be found proper in almost all cases.  Rheu-
matic inflammation is very different from other
varieties, and this  may account for the anomaly.
After a few weeks, the disease  usually goes off,
but leaves the patient very liable to a recurrence
on slight exposures or errors of diet:  at  times,
acute rheumatism  of the joints  puts on the ap-
pearance of gout, and seems to be a complication
of the two affections.  It is then called Gouty or
Arthrit'ic rhrumatiam or Rheumatic gout, Rheu-
matal'gia arthrit'ica, Rheumarthro'aia, Rheumn--
thri'tia,  Arthri'tia rheumat'ica i>cu juvcni'Us.
  Rheumatism op  the  Arm, Brachiorrheuroa—
r. Arthritic,  see  Rheumatism, acute — r. of tha 
              RHEUMATISMAL             7

 Bladder, Cystorrheuma—r. of the Bowels, Ente-
 rorrheuma.
   Rheumatism, Cap'sular, Rheuinatis'mus cap-
 sula'ris.   Rheumatism seated in the lining mem-
 brane  of  the joints  and bursae of the tendons.
 The parts most liable to its  attacks are the feet
 and hands, where it is generally easily recognised
 by the enlargement of the  joints; but the pecu-
 liar characters  of the disease are, perhaps, most
 strikingly seen when it attacks  the knee.
   Rheumatism of the Chest,  Pleurodynia.
   Rheumatism, Chronic,  Arthro'sia chron'ica,
 Rheumatismus chronicus  seu  nonfebri'lis, R. vul-
 ga'ris  seu invetera'tus seu habitua'lis seu frig"i-
 dus, Rheumatal'gia, Rheumatodyn'ia, Arthrodyn'-
 ia, Arthritis arthrodynia, (F.) Rhumatisme ehro-
 nique,  Rhumatalgie, is attended  with pains in the
 hips, shoulders, knees, and  other  large joints.
 These  are, sometimes, confined to one joint; at
 others, shift from one  to another, without occa-
 sioning inflammation, or fever.   In this manner,
 the complaint often continues for a great length
 of time, and then goes off.  There is no danger
 attendant upon it; but the patient may become
 lame, and is always liable to  painful recurrences.
 Neither variety generally terminates in suppura-
 tion ; but effusion of coagulable lymph is apt to
 occur,  so  as to  occasion permanent thickening of
 the parts.   The great preventive of chronic rheu-
 matism, and one of the  most valuable curative
 agents, is flannel,  worn next  the skin.   The
 whole  class of rubefacients may, also, be  used
 with advantage.  The warm  bath, especially the
 natural warm  bath, the temperature of which
 does not  vary, is perhaps the  most successful
 remedy of all.
   Rheumatism op the Extremities, Aerorrheu-
 ma—r. of the Face,  Prosoporrheuma—r.  Gouty,
 see Rheumatism, acute—r. of the Heart, Cardior-
 rheuma—r. Lead, see Lead rheumatism—r. of the
 Leg, Scelorrheuma—r. of a Limb, Merorrheuma
 —r. Local, Merorrheuma—r. of the Loins, Lum-
 bago— r.  Metastatic,  see Rh. acute — r. of the
 Neck, Torticollis—r.  Partial,  Merorrheuma.
  Rheumatism, Preabdom'inal, (F.) Rhumatis-
 me pri-abdominal.  Rheumatism of the muscles
 of the  anterior  and lateral  portions of the abdo-
 men; supposed by MM.  Genest and Requin.to
 be  the same as the nervous affection of the peri-
 toneum of Gooch.              *
  Rheumatism op the Skin, see Dermalgia—r.
 Topical, Merorrheuma — r. of the Uterus, Me-
 trorrheuma.
  Rheumatism, Visceral.  Rheumatism  affect-
ing the muscular or fibrous  tissues of the viscera.
  Rheumatism Weed, Pyrola maculata, P. unr-
 bellata.
  RHEUMATISMAL, Rheumatic.
  RHEUMATISMUS, Abdominis,  Coeliorrheu-
ma — r. Acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute — r. Arti-
culorum  acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Bra-
 chii, Brachiorrheuma — r.  Cancrosus, Neuralgia
faciei — r. Cervicis,  Torticollis — r.  Colli, Torti-
collis—r. Cordis, Cardiorrheuma—r. Cruris, Sce-
lorrh uina—r.  Dorsalis, Lumbago — r. Extremi-
 tutum,  Acrorrheuma — r. Faciei,  Prosoporrheu-
ma—r. Febrilis, Dengue—r. Inflammatorius  seu
hypersthenicus, Rheumatismus acutus—r. Intes-
tinorum, Enterorrheuma — r.  Intestinorum  cum
ulcere, Dysentery—r. Larvatus, Neuralgia faciei
--r. Localis, Merorrheuma—r. Membrorum sin-
gulorum,  Merorrheuma—r. Non febrilis,  Rheu-
matism, acute — r. Partialis,  Merorrheuma — r.
 Pectoris,  Pleurodynia—r. Phlegmonodes, Myosi-
 tis—r.  Spurius  nervosus, Neuralgia—r. Univer-
 salis febrilis, Rheumatism, acute — r. Uteri, Me-
 trorrheuma— r. Vesicas urinariae, Cystorrheuma
54             RHINORRAPIIY

 r. Vulgaris seu inveteratus seu habitualis seu fri-
 gidus, Rheumatism, chronic.
   RHEUMATODVNIA, Rheumatism, chronic.
   RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA, Rheumophthal'-
 mia;  from ptvpia,  'rheumatism,'  and oipdaXpta,
 ' inflammation of  the  eyes.'  Rheumatic oph-
 thalmia.
   RHEUMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
   RHEUMATOSIS, Rheumatism.
   RHEUMOPHTHALMIA,  Rheumatophthal-
 mia, Sclerotitis.
   RHEXIS,  Rhegma, Dirup'tio,  Rup'tio, Rup-
 tu'ra,  Rupture.  Rupture  of a vessel or organ.
 Spontaneous opening of an abscess.
   Rhexis Oc'uli.   Bursting of the eye from any
 cause;  spontaneous or .excited.
   RHICNO'SIS, from ptxvoofiat, 'to become wrin-
 kled ;' Cutis corruga'tio.   Wrinkling of the skin
 from extenuation of the body; opposed to txraats,
 or distension from repletion.
   RHIGOS, Rigor.
   RHIN, Nasus.
   RHINAL'GIA,  Rhinodyn'ia,  from ptv, 'the
 nose,' and ayXos,  ' pain.'   Pain in the nose.
   Rhinal'gia ab Intru'sis.  Pain in the nose
 from foreign bodies.
   Rhinal'gia Vermino'sa.   Pain in the nose
 from worms.
   RHINAN'CHONE, Rhinan'gia, Rhinostegno'-
 sis; from  $tv, 'the  nose,'  and ayx°>"i, 'narrow-
 ness.'   Contraction of the  nose.   Snuffles.
   RHINANGIA, Rhinanchone,  Snuffles.
   RHINCHOS, Rostrum.
   RHINENCEPHALIA,  Cyclopia.
   RHINEN'CHYSIS, Rhiiieiichys'ia, from  ptv,
 'the nose,' ev,  'in,'  and ^tai, 'I pour.'  An infu-
 sion or injection,  made into the nostrils, with  a
 syringe called Rhinen'chites.
   RHINES, Nares.
   RHINI'TIS, Nasi'tis,   from  ptv, pivos, 'the
 nose,' and  itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
 mation of the  nose.   Coryza.
   Rhinitis Ulcerosa, Ozaena.
   RHLNOBLENNORRH03A, Rhinorrhoea.
   RHINOCACE,  Cory'za  scarlatinosa;  from
 piv, 'the nose,' and xaxos, 'evil.'   The offensive
 discharge from the nose, and other symptoms in-
 dicating a  morbid condition of the Schneiderian
 membrane that accompany the worst forms of
 scarlatina.
   RHINOCATARRHUS, Coryza.
   RHINOCNES'MUS, from ptv,  'the  nose,' and
 Kvnoyios, ' itching.'   Itching of the nose.
   RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia.
   RHINOPHO'NIA, from piv, 'the  nose,' and
 tpotvt), 'the voice.'   A nasal voice, called, also,
 Dyspho'nia immodula'ta  nasa'lia, Parapho'nia
 nasalis, Paraphonia rea'onana, Paellia'mita na'ei-
 taa, Mycteropho'nia, Na'aitaa,  Vox nasa'lis, Pa-
 ralalia nasa'lis.   Speaking through the nose.
   RHINOPLAS'TIC, Rhinoplas'tica  (ars), from
 piv, ' the nose,' and nXaaaia, ' I form.'  An epithet
 applied to  the  operation for forming a new nose.
 The Taliacotian operation, so  called  because de-
 scribed by Tagliacozzi.  It consists in bringing
 down a  portion of  flesh from the forehead, and
 causing it to adhere to the anterior  part of the
 remains  of the nose.
   RHINOP'TIA,  from  ptv, 'the nose,' and oir-
 roitai, ' I see.'   The act of seeing over the nose.
 Squinting over the  nose.
   RHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
   RHINOR'RHAPIIY,  Rhinorrhaph'ia,  from
 ptv, ' nose,' and patpn, ' a suture.'   An  operation
 for the  removal of  epicanthis, which consists in
 pinching up a longitudinal fold of the skin in-
 cluding this fold in two elliptical  incisions, remo- 
               RHIN0RRIIG3A

ving it, and bringing together the edges of the
wound by harelip suture.
  RHINORRHOZ'A,  Rhinoblennorrhoe'a,  from
piv, ptvos,  ' the nose,' and ptia,  ' I flow.'  A  dis-
charge of limpid mucus from  the nose without
any  inflammatory symptom.   A gleet from the
nose.
  RHINO'SIS, from ptvos, 'a  skin,  leather,' or
from pixvos, ' rugous.'  The state of looseness and
excess of skin observed in phthisis.— Vogel.
  RHINOSTEiiXOSIS, Rhinanchone.
  RHIl'TASMOS, Jactation.
  RHIPTOLUSIA, Affusion.
  RHIS,  Nasus.
  RHIZA, Radix.
  RHIZAGRA, Punch.
  RHIZO'MA, Rhizome, from pic>, 'a root.'  The
part of the root of a plant, which consists of wood
or flesh, as in the carrot.
  RHIZOPII'AGUS, from  pt^a, 'a  root,'  and
ipayia, ' I eat.'   One who lives on roots.
   RHIZOTOMIST, see Simples.
  RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary.
  RHOA, Punica granatum.
   RHODELiE'ON, Oleum rosa'rum.  Oil of roses,
or oil impregnated with roses.
   RHO'DIA,  Rhodi'ola ro'sea, Rosea, Rosewort,
(F.) Rhodiole. Sex. Syst. Dieecia Octandria.  The
root, Roseroot, when dry, has  a very pleasant
smell, and is slightly astringent.  It is not used.
   RHO'DINUS,  Rho'diita,  Rosa'ceu8, Ro'eeue,
Roaa'tua.  Rosy. Formed of, or containing, roses.
   RIIODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia.
  RHODIOLE, Rhodia.
  RHODITES VINUM.  Wine in which roses
have been macerated.
  RHO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium or Roaewood.
The wood or  root of a tree supposed  to be (7e-
nia'ta  Canarien'aie of Linnaeus.  (F.) 2?oi's de
roae,  Boia de Chypre.  Family,  Leguminosae.
Sex. Syat. Diadelphia Decandria. The essential
oil  is a perfume, and possesses cordial and tonic
virtues.   Its smell is attractive to fish, rats,  <fcc.
  RHODIUS, Rhodinus.
  RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander.
  RHODODEN'DRON CIIRYSAN'THEMUM,
R. chryaan'thum seu aii'reum seu officina'le, the
Olean'der, Roae-bay, Yellow rhododendrum, Moun-
tain Laurel, (F.) Roeage, R.  chryaanthe.  Nat.
Ord. Ericaceae.   Sex. Syat. Decandria Monogy-
nia.   This plant has been recommended in rheu-
matism, gout, and syphilis.   In ah  overdose, it
produces acro-narcotic symptoms.
  Rhododen'dron Max'imum, Great Laurel, Ame-
rican Roae-bay.  An indigenous shrub,  Order,
Ericaceae, which flowers in July.  It is stimulant
and astringent, and has been used by the Indians
in gout and rheumatism.
  RHODOME'LA PALMA'TA, Dulae, Sac'cha-
rine Fucue.    One of the  Algae, eaten in large
quantities throughout the maritime countries of
the north of Europe, and in the Grecian Archi-
pelago.
  RIIODOMELI, Mel rosaa.
  RHODON,  Rosa centifolia.
  RHODOSACCHARUM, Confectio  rosas   gal-
lieie.
  RHODOST ACTON. Mel rosae.
  RHODOSTAGMA. Aqua rosaa.
  R1KEA, Punica granatum.
  RIliEAS. Papaver rhoeas.
  RHOEBDESIS, Absorption.
  RIKEUM. Rheum.
  RHOGMOS, Rattle.
  RHOI'TES, potrris. a wine impregnated  with
the pomegranate;  from pots,  Pomegranates, —
Dioscorides.   A confection, made by boiling the
5                  RHUS

 juice of the pomegranate in honey. — Paulus of
 jEgina.
   RHOMBOIDEUS,  from pou&os, 'a rhombus,'
 whose sides are equal, with two obtuse and two
 acute  angles.   Rhombo'ideus  major and minor,
 Rhomboi'dea, Cervici-dorao-scapulaire.  A muscle
 situate at the pos< erior inferior part of the neck,
 and at the posterior part of the back.  It has a
 rhomboidal shape, and is attached, by its inner
 edge,  to the posterior cervical ligament, and to
 the spinous processes  of  the  last cervical verte-
 bra, and of the first four or five dorsal.  By its
 outer  edge, it  is attached to the spinal or poste-
 rior edge of the scapula.   It is divided into two
 fasciculi, constituting the Rhomboideus major and
 minor, the latter being  situate higher than the
 other. This muscle draws the scapula backwards
 and upwards,  and impresses upon it a rotatory
 motion, which  brings  its  inferior angle nearer to
 the  spine; and, consequently, depresses the an-
 terior angle and the shoulder.
   RHOMBOS, poppas.  A bandage mentioned by
 Galen, so called on  account  of  its  rhomboidal
 shape.
   RHONCHAL, Rhoncha'lie, from ronchua, 'rat-
 tle.'   Relating or appertaining to rhonchus ; —
 as 'rhonchal fluctuation,' the fremitus that occurs
 through the influence  of respiration as an attend-
 ant on cavernous rhonchi. —Walshe.
   RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring,  Stertor—r. Ca-
 vernous, see Gurgling —r. Cavernulous,  see Gur-
 gling—r. Crepitans, Rdle crepitant—r. Crepitans
 Redux, see Crepitant — r. Mucous, see Rale mu-
 queux—r. Sibilans, see Rate crepitant—r. Sibilus,
Jiale aibilant — r. Sonorus, Rate aonore — r. Sub-
 crepitant, see Rdle muqueiix.
   RHOPALISMUS, Priapismus.
   RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea.
   RHOPE, Congestion.
   RHOTACISMUS, Rotacism.
   RHUBARB, Rheum — r. Chinese, see Rheum
 — r. French,  Rheum  Rhaponticum — r. India,
 see  Rheum — r. Krimea, Rheum  Rhaponticum
 —r. Monk's, Rumex Alpinus, Rumex patientia—
 r. Poor man's,  Thalictron—r. Rhapontic, Rheum
 Rhaponticum—r. Russia, see Rheum—r. Turkey.
 see Rheum—r. Wild,  Convolvulus panduratus.
   RHUBARBE FAUSSE, Thalictron — r. de*
 Pauvrea, Thalictron.
   RHUE, Ruta.
   RHUMATALGIE,  Rheumatism, chronic.
   RHUMATIQUE, Rheumatic.
   RHUMATISANT,  Rheumatic.
   II HUM A TISMALE, Rheumatic.
   RHUMATISME, Rheumatism — r.  Aigu,
 Rheumatism, acute—r. Chronique, Rheumatism,
 chronic — r. Priabdominale,  Rheumatism, prse-
 abdominal — r. de V Utirua, Metrorrheuma.
   RHUME, Rheum—r. de Cerveau, Coryza —
 r. de Poitrine,  Catarrh.
   RHUS CORIA'RIA, Sumach, Shumach, Rhus
 Glabrum, Adu'rion,  Elm-leaved Sumach, (F.)
 Sumac des Corroyeurs.  Family,  Terebinthaceas.
 Sex. Syat. Pentandria Monogynia,  This is the
 only species of the genus rhus that is innocent.
 Both the leaves and  berries have been used as
 astringents and tonics.
   Rhus Glabrum, Rh. coriaria.
   Rhus  Radi'cans,  i?7iw« vernix, Poiaon vine
 (America).  This plant is poisonous (see Poisons,
 Table  of), and  is extremely  acrid, when applied
 to the  skin, producing  erysipelas and vesications,
 and has been  used, like  the next variety, in pa-
 ralysis and other nervous affections.
   Rm s Sylvestris, Myrica gale.
   Rhus Toxicodendron, Toxicodendron, Poison
 Oak (America), (F.) Sumac venineux.  This plant
 has been used in paralytic affections and cutane- 
RHYPARIA
756
RINGWORM
ous eruptions.   It is  poisonous, like  the last.
Dose, gr. ss to gr. iv.
  Rnus Vernix, Rh. radicans.
  RHYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum viarum.
  RHYPOS, Sordes.
  RHYPTICA, Detergents.
  RHYPTICUS, Abstergent.
  RHYSIS, Flux.
  RHYSM US, Rhythm.
  RHYSSEMA, Wrinkle.
  RHYTHM,  Rhythmua, Rhysmus,  'measured
movement.'   The order or proportion, as regards
time, which reigns between the different move-
ments of an organ — as of the heart; — or of the
organism  in health and  disease.  Thus, rhythm
is applied  to the diurnal variations of the  pulse;
and to  the paroxysmal movements of  an inter-
mittent.
  RHYTHMICAL, Periodical.
  Rhythmical Contractions of Muscles, are
those that succeed one another  after regular in-
tervals.
  RHYTHMUS, Rhythm.
  RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis.
  RIB, Costa—r.  False,  see Costa—r. Floating,
see Costa — r. Sternal, see  Costa — r.  True, see
Costa.
  RIBES  NIGRUM,  R. ol'idum,  Groaaula'ria
nigra, Caaaia.   The Black currant,  (F.) Groseil-
lier noir.   Sex.  Syst. Pentandria  Monogynia.
The  berries  have  been  recommended in sore-
throat,  as diuretics.  The leaves have  been ad-
vised for  the same purpose.  They are chiefly
used  as preserves.
  Ribes Olidum,  R. nigrum — r. Officinale, R.
rubrum.
  Ribes  Rubrum, R. officinale  seu  vulga're,
Groasnla'ria non apino'aa sevtrubra, the Red cur-
rant, (F.) Groaeillier rouge; of which the White
is only  a variety.   It  is  cultivated, and affords
an  agreeable fruit.  It possesses the qualities of
the subacid fruits in general, and makes an ex-
cellent  preserve.
  Ribes Vulgare, R. rubrum.
  RIBS,  NECK OF  THE,  Collum costarum —
r. Short, see Costa.
  RICE, Oryza—r. Disease,  Cholera—r. Ground,
see Oryza—r. Jelly, see Oryza.
  Rice AVater, see Oryza.  The evacuations of
cholera have  been termed — from  their resem-
blance  to rice-water — ' rice-water discharges ;'
and in India,  ' congee discharges ;' — congee in
Hindoostanee meaning ' rice-water.'
  Rice, Wild, Zizania aquatica.
  RICHARDSONIA,  see Ipecacuanha.
  RICHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis.
  RICHWEED, Actaea  racemosa, Ambrosia tri-
fida,  Collinsonia Canadensis, Pilea pumila.
  RICIAT, Ricinus communis.
  RICINOIDES,  Jatropha  curcas.
  RICINUS  COMMU'NIS.   The  Caator  oil
plant,  Catapu'tia  major, Ricinua vulga'ria seu
vir'idia, Pulma Chrieti,  Faba purga'trix, Cerua,
Kerua, Cici,  (F.) Ricin, Filve  purgatif.   Fa-
mily, Euphorbiaceae.  Sex. Syat.  Moncecia Mona-
delphia.  Castor-oil seeds, whence the oil is ob-
tained, are inodorous; taste acrid and  slightly
sweetish.  One or  two seeds—Sem'ina Catapu'tia
majoria seu Ric"ini vulga'ria — will act as a ca-
thartic ; but the oil is alone  used.  It is obtained
by bruising the castor-seeds, previously decorti-
cated,  and  then  expressing the oil without the
application of heat.  Recently-drawn  castor oil,
 Oleum  de kerva,  0. kervi'num,  Alker'va, Oleum
Ric"ini,  0. Cic"inum, 0. Palma liq'uidum, 0.
de Palma Chrieti, (F.) Huile de Ricin, is inodor-
ous and nearly insipid.  It is cathartic, operating
gpeedily,  and may be used in  all cases where
powerfully stimulating purgatives  would be in-
jurious.  Dose, f3J to f^iss.  Hufeland  recom-
mends that a drop of  croton oil  shall  be  ad-
ded  to an ounce of the oil of poppy,  and that
the mixture shall be called  O'leum Ric"ini Offi-
cina'le.
  At the Cape of Good Hope  the  oil is obtained
from Ricinua liv'idua.
  A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd is  employed
by the inhabitants  to  increase the secretion of
milk.  It is applied in the form of poultice, made
with the  green  leaves, to the mamma-, or of a
strong decoction, with which  the  mammae  and
the external parts of generation are washed.
  Ricinus Lividus, see Ricinus communis — r.
Major, Jatropha curcas — r. Minor, Jatropha ma-
nihot—r. Viride, R. communis—r. Vulgaris, R.
communis.
  RICKETS, Rachitis.
  RICKETY, Rachiticus.
  RICTUS LUPINUS, see Harelip.
  RIDE, Wrinkle.
  RIDE, Wrinkled.
  RIDING (of Bones).  Ossium  auperpoait"io,
(F.) Chevauchement.  Displacement of the frag-
ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the contrac-
tion of muscles, which occasions  shortening of
the  limb;  the fractured extremities  riding over
each other, instead  of being end to end.
  RIGIDITAS, Rigidity.
  Rigiditas Articulo'rum, Ancylo'aia  spu'ria.
Stiffness of the joints.   False ancylosis.
  RIGIDITY, Rigid'itas, from rigere, 'to stiffen.'
Great stiffness of fibre, or want  of suppleness.
The stiffness of the dead body, (F.) Roideur ca-
davirique, is one of the most certain  signs of the
cessation of life.
  RI'GOR, Rhigos, Algor, Coldness,  Cheim'ia,
(F.) Friaaon.  Same etymon.  Sensation of cold,
with involuntary shivering of the whole body :—
a symptom of fever.   A slighter degree, and at
times full rigor, is occasionally termed a chill,
frigua ten'ue, perfrigera'tio.
  Rigor Artuum, Contractura—r. Cadaverosiis,
Rigor mortis — r. Corporis  mortui, Rigor mortis
— r. Emortualis, Rigor mortis — r. Maxilla? infe
rioris, Trismus.
  Rigor  Mortis,  R. cor'poria mor'tui, R. cada-
vero'aua, R. emortua'lia, Necronarce'ma, (F.) Roi-
deur ou  Raideur  cadavirique.  ' Stiffness  of
death.'  Death stiffening.  The rigidity of limbs
that occurs on dissolution.
  Rigor Nervorum, Tetanus—r.  Nervosus, Te-
tanus.
  RIMA,  Schiama, Schiza.  A fissure, a cleft; as
Rima, or Ri'mula Glot'tidia seu Laryn'gia, ' the
opening of the glottis.'  Rima vulva, R. magna,
Intro'itue, Sinua vulva, Scapha, Scaphvs seu Fis-
su'ra magna  seu  Scissu'ra vulva, Schiza, ' the
opening of the vulva.'  See Vulva.
   Rima Canalis Orbitarii, Suborbitar fissure—
r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva  cerebri—r. Laryngis,
Rima glottidis—r. Magna, Vulva, see Rima—r.
Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fissure, transverse,
of the brain.
   RIM.E, Rhagades.
   RIMULA  GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis —r.
 Laryngis, Rima glottidis.
   RINjEUS, Compressor naris.
   RINCHOS, Rostrum.
   RING, Sax. hpinj, pins, Germ. Ring, Cricos,
 (F.) Anneau.  A name given to  natural, circular,
 or roundish apertures, with muscular or aponeu-
 rotic parietes, which serve for the passage  of
 some vessel or canal: —as  the  umbilical  ring,
 inguinal ring, Ac.
   RINGWORM,  Herpes circinatus — r. of the 
RIRE
757
ROSA
Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata — r. Ulcerative, Herpes
axed'us—r. Vesicular, Herpes prieputii.
  RIRE ou RIS, Risus—r. Canin, Canine laugh
■—r. Moqneur, Canine laugh — r. Sardonien, Ca-
nine laugh,  Risus sardonicus,— r. Sardonique,
Canine laugh.
  RISAGON, Cassumuniar.
  RISIGALLUM, Orpiment.
  RISING, see Regurgitation—r. of the Lights,
Cynanche trachealis.
  Rising or Elkva'tion of  the Pulse, Pulaus
etevu'tio.  The pulse  is said to rise, when it be-
comes  more full aud frequent, as occurs in the
exacerbation of acute diseases.
  RISO'RIUS NOVUS.   Santorini  gives  this
name  to  a portion  of the  platysma  myoides,
which  passes from the  cheek towards the  com-
missure of the  lips.
  R1SSIGALLUM, Orpiment.
  RISUS, from riderc, riaum, 'to laugh.'  Gelus,
Laughing, Laughter,  Laugh, (F.) Hire ou  Ria.
An involuntary movement of the muscles of the
face, and of the lips  in particular, accompanied
with a sonorous and interrupted respiration, com-
monly indicating mirth and satisfaction.
  Risi s Apium, Ranunculus sceleratus — r. Ca-
ninus,  Canine  laugh — r.  Involuntarius, Canine
laugh — r. Sardonicus, Canine laugh — r. Spasti-
ous, Canine laugh.
  R1TA-CRISTINA.  A celebrated double mon-
ster, born in Sardinia, in 1829.  It lived to be
nearly nine months old.   Two distinct bodies
were united at the pelvis.   Below, the monster
was single.
  RIVER WEED, Conferva rivalis.
  RIZ, Oryza.
  ROAN TREE, Sorbus acuparia.
  ROB, Roob, liobub, Rohob, Rohab, (F.) Extrait
dea fruita.   This  word, of Arabic extraction,
means the juice of any fruit thickened to the
consistence  of  honey by evaporation, before  it
has fermented.   The juice of the grape,  boiled to
this consistence, was called Sopa, and, when not
quite so thick,  Defru'tum.
  Rob Cynosbatos,  Confectio rosae caninae—r.
ex Moris, Diamorion — p. Nucum, Diacaryon.
  ROBIN RUN-AWAY,  Glechoma  hederacea.
  R0B1NTA AMA'RA, Family, Leguminosae.
Sex. Syat. Diadelphia Decandria.  The roots of
the Robinia  amara of Cochin China are bitter,
and have been recommended, especially in  that
oountry, in diarrhcea and dyspepsia.
  Robinia Pseudo-Aca'cia, Peeudaca'cia odo-
ra'ta, Falae Aca'cia, Black Locuat, Locuat-tree;
native  of America.  The flowers are said to pos-
sess antispasmodic properties.
  ROBORANS, Corroborant.
  ROBORANTIA, Tonics.
  ROBUB, Rob.
  ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella — r. Tinctoria,
Lichen roccella. >-
  ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOPING-
COUGH.  An empirical preparation, composed
of oL  olir. 5xvj. ol. auccin.  5V'U>  °'- caryoph.,
q. s. to scent it strongly.
  ROCHER, see Temporal bone.
  ROCHETTA ALEXANDR1NA, Soda.
  ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruca—r. Ro-
man, Brassica eruca.
  ROCK ROSE, Helianthemum Canadense, H.
Corymbosum.
  ROCOU,  Terra  Orleana,
  RODSCHIEDIA BURSA PASTORIS,Thlaspi
bursa.
  ROGNE. Psora.
  ROHAB,  Rob.
  ROHENA BARK, Swietenia.
  ROHOB, Rob.
  ROHUN. see Strychnos nux vomica.
  ROIDEUR CADA VER I QUE, Rigor mortis.
  ROISDORFF,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Alkaline waters in Germany, which contain  car-
bonic acid and carbonate of soda.
  ROLLER, Bandage,  Fascia.
  ROMARIN,  Rosmarinus—r. Sauvage, Ledum
sylvestre.
  ROME, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The climate of
Rome, as  regards its physical qualities, is con-
sidered to be one of the best in Italy.  It is pe-
culiarly still;  and,  hence, has  been  esteemed
favorable as a winter climate in pulmonary  dis-
eases, and  for invalids  generally,  as it admits of
their  taking exercise in  the open air at a lower
temperature than they otherwise  could do.   In
the early stages of consumption, Sir James Clark
generally found the climate favourable.
  ROMPEURE, Hernia.
  ROA'CE, Rubus idasus — r. Bleue, Rubus  cae-
sius — r. de Montague,  Rubus  chamsemorus — r.
Noire, Rubus fruticosus.
  RONCHUS, Snoring, Stertor.
  ROAD,  Round — r.  Grand, Teres major — r.
Petit, Teres minor.
  RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rattle
— r. de Diable, Bruit de Diable.
  ROOB, Rob.
  ROOF OF  THE MOUTH, Palate.
  ROOT, Radix — r. Ague, Aletris farinosa — r.
Bitter, Apocynum androsajmifolium—r. Canada,
Asclepias tuberosa—r. Red, Celastrus—r. Rough,
Liatris—r. of Scarcity, Beta hybrida—r. Squaw,
Actasa racemosa-—r. Sweet, Acorus calamus—r.
Unicorn, Aletris farinosa—r. Yellow,  Xanthoma
apiifolia — r. Yellow, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
  ROPE BARK, Dirca palustris.
  ROQUETTE, Brassica eruca, Soda.
  RORELLA, Drosera  rotundifolia.
  RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifer, (F.) Roriflre, from
roe, ' dew,' and ferro, 'to carry.' An epithet given
to vessels which pour exhaled fluids on the sur-
face of organs.
  Roriferous Duct, Thoracic duct.
  ROS, Sperm—r.  Calabrinus, Fraxinus ornus—
r. Solis, Drosera rotundifolia.
  ROSA, R. centifolia — r. Afzeliana, R. canina.
  Rosa Alba, R.  uaitatia'aima,  R.  leucan'tha.
The White Roee, (F.) Roaier blanc. Family,  Ro-
sacea1.  Sex.  Syst. Icosandria Polygynia.  The
flowers of this species possess similar  but inferior
qualities to the damask.
  Rosa Armata, R. canina — r. Austriaca,  R.
Gallica — r. Calycina, R.  canina.
  Rosa Cani'na, R. sylves'tris seu sentico'sa seu
Swartzia'na seu Afzelia'na seu arma'ta seu caly-
ci'na seu rubra vulga'ris, Cynor'rhodon, Caniru'-
bua, Cani'nua  Sentia, Cynocyt'iaua, Cynospaa'tum,
Cyno8'batoa, Dog Roae, Wild  Briar,  Hip  Tree,
(F.) Rose du chien,  Eglantier de chien, E. sau-
vage.   The fruit of this variety, called Heps or
Hipe, has a sourish  taste, and is  formed into a
conserve.  See Confectio cynosbati:  It is seldom
employed,  except to give form to more active
remedies: as  to pills, boluses, linctuses, Ac.
  Rosa Centifo'lia;  Hecatomphyl'la, Damaek
Roae, Roaa Damasce'na, R. Pal'lida,  (F.) Rosier
a cent feuilles, Rhodon, Rosa.   The petals of  this
rose have an  extremely fragrant odour, and sub-
acidulous  taste.  They  are laxative; but  are
scarcely used  for any  purposes  except for  the
distillation of rose  water, Oil of Roses, Oleum
Rosa, and the formation of a syrup.
  Rosa Damasce.na, R. centifolia.
  Rosa Gal'lica, R. Austriaca, Rosa rubra, Red
Rose, (F.) Rosier de Provins.   The petals of this
variety are astringent;  and are used  in infusion,
conserve, Ac. 
58
ROUCOU
                 ROSACE                  7

  Rosa Leucantha, R. alba—r. Pallida, R. cen-
tifolia—r. Rubra, R. Gallica—r. Rubra vulgaris,
R. canina — r. Saltans, Essera — r. Senticosa, R.
canina—r. Swartziana, R. canina—r. Sylvestris,
R. canina—r. Usatitissima, R. alba.
  ROSACE, Roseola.
  ROSACEUS, Rhodinus.
  R OS AGE, Rhododendron chrysanthemum.
  ROSAGO, Nerium oleander.
  ROSALIA, Scarlatina.
  ROSALLE,  Scarlatina.
  ROSAT US,  Rhodinus.
  ROSE,  Erysipelas — r. Christmas, Helleborus
niger—r. Corn, Papaver rhoeas—r. Damask, Rosa
centifolia—r. Dog, Rosa canina—r. Dog, conserve
or confection of, Confectio rosae  caninae — r. du
chien, Rosa canina — r. Rash, Roseola — r. Red,
Rosa Gallica — r. Rock, Helianthemum Corym-
bosum—r. Spots, Spots, red—r. White, Rosa alba.
  ROSEA, Rhodia.
  ROSEBALM,  SCARLET, Monarda coccinea.
  ROSEBAY,  AMERICAN,   Rhododendron
maximum.
  ROSE DROP, Gutta rosea.
  ROSELLINA, Roseolas.
  ROSEMARY,  Rosmarinus—r.  Marsh, Statice
limonium, and S. Caroliniana — r. Wild, Erioce-
phalus umbellulatus.
  ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
Rosenheim is  34 miles S.  E. from Munich, in
Bavaria.  The waters contain sulphuretted  hy-
drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate  of  lime, chlo-
rides of calcium and magnesium, carbonate of
soda, and oxide of iron.  They are  used as tonics.
  ROSE'OLA, Exanthe'aia  Roaeola, Roae Raah,
(F.) Roaiole, Eruption anomale, Rosace, Fievre
rouge, Efflorescence  irysipelateuse.  An  efflores-
cence in blushing patches,  gradually deepening
to a rose-colour, mostly circular  or oval; often
alternately fading and reviving; sometimes, with
a colourless nucleus; and chiefly on the cheeks,
neck, or arms.  It is  frequently found, as  a
symptom, in dentition, dyspepsia, rheumatism,
Ac, and  is of no  consequence.   See Roseola,
Rubeola, and Scarlatina.
  Roseola Acnosa, Gutta rosea.
  Roseola ^Esti'va.   The affection which pre-
vails in summer.   The eruption  is of  a darker
colour, and is attended with more  itching.
  Roseola Axnula'ta.  Characterized by patches
in the  form of rose-coloured rays, with central
areas of the colour of the skin.
  Roseola Ficosa, Sycosis — r. Variolosa,  Ro-
seolse.
  ROSE'OL^E, Roseola, RoselU'na, False mea-
sles, French measlea,  (F.) Roaiole, Fauaae rougiole.
This name is also given by some to an acute ex-
anthem, midway between measles  and scarlatina,
and which belongs  to neither one nor the other,
a3 it affords no  protection against either.  It is,
also, termed  Rubeola by some.   An eruption
which often precedes that of small-pox is termed
Roseola Variolo'sa.
  ROSE OLE, Roseola, Roseolas.
  ROSE PINK, Chironia angularis.
  ROSES, MILK OF.  A cosmetic wash, formed,
according to one method, of subcarbonate of po-
tass, gr. vj; oil of almonds,  5jj ;  essence of berga-
mot, 3'j ;  aqua rosa,  ^iij ; orange flower water,
J^ij.  Mix.
  ROSEUS, Rhodinus.
  ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium lignum.
  ROSEWORT,  Rhodia.
  ROSIER  BLANC, Rosa alba — r. d  Cent
 teuiltes, R. centifolia—r. de Provins, Rosa Gal-
lica.
  ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia —r. Brown,  Co-
lophonia— r. Weed, Silphium terebinthaceum —
r.  White,  see  Pinus sylvestris — r. Yellow, see
Pinus sylvestris.
  ROSIO  STOMACHI,  Cardialgia — r. Ventri-
culi, Cardialgia.
  ROSMARINUM, Rosmarinus.
  ROSMARINUS, R. oflicina'Us seu latif/Uus
sen horten'aia, Alchachil, Libano'tia corona'ria,
Deiiilrolib'anua, Roaemary, (F.) Romarin. Family,
Labiatse.  Sex. Syat. Diandriu Monogynia.  The
tops of this plant, Roamarinua, (Ph. U. S.) Herba
Anthoa, have a fragrant,  grateful smell; and an
aromatic, warm, bitterish taste, which is depend-
ent upon an essential oil, combined with camphor.
Rosemary has been recommended  in  nervous
headachs,  in the form  of infusion.   It is now
rarely used,  except for its odour.  The  flower is
called Anthoa,  av&os-  Its oil—Oleum Rosmarini
—is officinal.  From two to six or ten drops are
given in  nervous complaints, rubbed  up  with
sugar.
  Rosmarinus Hortensis, Rosmarinus—r. Lati-
folius, Rosmarinus—r. Officinalis, Rosmarinus—
r. Staschadis facie, Teucrium  creticum — r. Syl-
vestris, Ledum sylvestre.
  ROSSALIA, Scarlatina—r. Squamosa, Scarla-
tina.
  ROSSIG'NOL.  A name given, in  France, to
an affection  to which pressmen are subject.  It
is a sprain, followed by tumefaction of the radio-
carpal joint.
  ROSSOLIO, see Spirit.
  ROSTRUM, Rhinchos,  Rincboe, Ramphoe,  'a
beak.'   (F.) Bee.   A name given to several old
forceps, ou account of their resemblance to the
beaks of different birds.  The principal were the
Roetrum corvi'num, anati'num, paittaci'num, vul-
turi'num, cyg'neum vel olori'nuin, grui'num, lacer-
ti'num, Ac.
  Rostrum Externum, Olecranon—r. Porcinum,
Acromion — r.  Posterius, Olecranon—r. Sphenoi-
dale, Azyges processus.
  ROSY BUSH, Spiraea tomentosa — r. Drop,
Gutta rosea — r. Whelk, Gutta rosea.
  ROT, Eructation.
  ROT, Grinders', Asthma, grinders'.
  ROT'ACISM, Rotaciam'ua, Rhotacia'mua, Psel-
lia'mua rhotacia'mua, (F.) Graaaeyement. A vi-
cious  pronunciation of the Greek, P, Rau, com-
mon in the northern parts of England; especially
near Newcastle.
  ROTACISMUS, Graaaeyement.
  ROTA'TOR, from rota, 'a wheel.'   A  name
given to several muscles that turn the  parts to
which they are attached upon their axes; — such
as, the oblique muscles of the eye, the pronators,
supinators, Ac.
  Rotator, Trochanter.
  ROTATO'RES DORSI.  Eleven smull mus-
cles on each side of the dorsal vertebrae, which
arise from the  point or upper edge of each trans-
verse  process,  and pass to the lower edge of the
arch of the vertebra above, as far as the base of
the transverse process.  Their action is  to rotate
the individual  vertebrae on each other.
  Rotatores  Femoris,  Obturatores — r. Oculi,
Oblique muscles of the eye.
  ROTULA, Patella, Trochiscos — r. Genu, Pa-
tella.
  ROTULAD, see Rotular aspect.
  ROT'ULAR;  from rotula,  ' the  patella.'  Re-
lating or appertaining to the patella.
  Rot'ular Aspect.  An aspect  towards tho
side on which  the rotula is  situated. — Barclay.
Rot'ulad is used by the same writer, adverbially,
to signify  ' towards the rotular aspect.'
  ROTULE, Patella.
  ROTUNDUS, Round.
  ROUCOU, Terra Orleana. 
ROUEN
759
RUBUS
  ROUEN, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   This
water, known under the name, Eau dea fontainea
de In  Maregueric, is cold, and contains carbonate
of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,  chloride
of calcium, Ac.  It is tonic.
  ROUGE, Colcothar — r. d'Angleterre, Colco-
thar.
  ROUGEOLE, Rubeola — r. Fauaae, Roseolas.
  ROUGEURS, Flush.
  ROUGH ROOT, Liatris.
  ROUILLE, Rubiginous.
  ROUND, Terea,  Rotun'dua, (F.) Rond.  Ana-
tomists  have  given this name  to many organs
whose fibres are collected in round fasciculi.  See
Teres.
  Round  Foramen,   Fora'men  rotund'um.   A
foramen  of the sphenoid  bone, a little behind the
foramen lacerum auperiua, which gives  passage
to the second branch of  the  fifth pair of nerves,
called euperior maxillary.
  Round Heart, Thaspium  atropurpureum.
  Round Ligaments of the  Uterus, Ligamen'ta
rotund'a U'teri,  (F.) Cordona aua-pubiena (Ch.),
Cordona  rttaculairea, Ligaments ronds de  I'uterus.
Two cords, which arise from  the  lateral  and su-
perior parts of the uterus, whence they  proceed
towards  the abdominal  rings,  which  they  pass
through, and terminate by vanishing in the areo-
lar tissue of the groins,  mons veneris, and labia
majora.   These cords are whitish, flattened, and
narrower in the middle than  at  the extremities.
According  to  Mr.  Rainey, they  are  composed
chiefly of the striped muscular fibre.
  ROUTINE PRACTITIONER, Routinist.
  ROUTINIST, pronounced routeen'iet;   (F.)
Routinier;  from (F.) routine; 'a regular  habit or
practice, unvaried by  circumstances.'  One  who
)ractises in such an unvaried manner : — a rou-
t'ne practitioner.
  RUBBER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc.
  RUBBING  SOUNDS, Bruit de Frottement.
  RUBE'DO,  Rubor,  Redness;  from  rubere,
'to be red.'  A diffused, but not spotted,  redness
01 any part of the  skin ; like that which arises
ftim blushing.   Blushing.
  RUBEFA'CIENT, Erethis'ma,  Erethia'ticum,
R\befa'ciena, from  rubena, 'red,'  and fa'cio,  ' I
mike.'  (F.)  Rubifiant.   That which produces
rediess.  A medicine whieh  causes redness  of
the skin.  The action is called Rubefaction.
   RUBEFIANT, Rubefacient.
   RJBE'OLA,  Rubeola  vulga'ria, from  rubere,
'tola red.'  Roae'ola,  Exanthe'eia Rubeola, Ve-
tera'a, Blac'cia, Bovil'la, Morbil'li, ScarlaWna
puatilo'ea,  S. Milia'ris,  Febris morbillo'sa, Ty-
phuanorbillosus, Phoenicia'mu8, Ecphy'mata, Mea-
sles;  F-) Rougiole, Fiivre morbilleuse.  One of
the nxjor exanthemata;  generally affecting indi-
vidual but once, and produced by specific conta-
gion. The rash usually  appears  on the  fourth,
but soietinies  on the third, fifth, or sixth day of
a febrle  disorder;  and,  after a continuance of
four  dys,  gradually  declines  with  the fever.
The  d?ease generally  commences from  ten  to
fourtea days  after the contagion has been re-
ceived.  The eruption  first shows itself  in  dis-
tinct, »d, and nearly  circular  spots, somewhat
less thn the ordinary areolae of flea-bites.  As
these irjrea.se in  number, they coalesce ; forming
small p/ehes of an irregular figure, but approach-
ing  neaest to that of semicircles or crescents.
These ptches are intermixed with single, circu-
lar dots ,nd with interstices of the natural colour
of the sin.  On the face  they are slightly raised,
bo as to <.ve the sensation of inequality of surface
to the fiirer passed  over the cuticle.  The disap-
pearance^ the eruption  is followed by desqua-
mation  o the cuticle.   Measles is not dangerous
 of itself; but it is liable to induce pneumonia in
 winter, and dysentery in summer, which are, at
 times, very fatal.   These are apt to come on an
 the  time of, or  soon  after, the disappearance of
 the  eruption.   When they supervene, they must
 be treated as  idiopathic affections.  It demands
 a general antiphlogistic treatment.   Willan has
 pointed  out a kind of Rubeola  spu'ria, whieh
 he calls  Rubeola 8i'7ie Catar'rho.  In  this the
 rash runs its regular course, with little fever or
 catarrhal affection ; affording no  certain  security
 against the common or regular disease.  He also
 gives the name, Rubeola Nigra or Black Mea-
 sles, to an unusual  appearance of the measles
 about the seventh or eighth day, when the rash
 becomes suddenly livid, with a mixture of yellow.
 It is devoid of  inconvenience or danger; and in
 removed in a week  or  ten  days by the mineral
 acids and tonics.
   RUBEOLiE,  Roseolas.
   RU'BIA, R. Tincto'rum seu peregri'na seu syl-
 ves'tris,  Erythrod'anum, Rubia  major, Radix
 rubra, Dyer's Madder,  Madder, (F.) Garance.
 Family, Rubiaceas.  Sex. Syst.  Tetrandria Mo-
 nogynia. The roots of this plant have a bitterish,
 somewhat austere, taste, and a slight, not agree-
 able, smell.   They were formerly considered de-
 obstruent, detergent,  and diuretic.
   RUBIC'INOUS,  Rubigino'aua, from  rubigo,
 'rust.'  (F.) Rouille.  Rusty.  Having the colour
 of rust.  An epithet given to the  sputa in certain
 cases of pneumonia.
   RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax.
   RUBOR, Rubedo.
   RUBRI'CA FABRI'LIS.  A  red, heavy,
 earthy matter,  formerly  employed  for  making
 drying plasters; Hard Ruddle, Red Chalk.
   Rubrica Sinop'ica.  A heavy, compact, red-
 dish earth : formerly used in diarrhoea.
   RUBRIN, Haematin.
   RUBUS AFFINIS, R. fruticosus.
   Rubus Arc'ticuS.  The  Shrubby Strawberry,
 Bacca Norland'ica.   Family, Rosaceao.   Sex.
 Syat. Icosandria Polygynia.    The fruit is recom-
 mended by Linnasus as possessing antiseptic, re-
 frigerant, and antiscorbutic qualities.
   Rubus Batus, R. Cassius.
   Rubus C^e'sius, R. batua;  the Dewberry plant,
 (F.)  Ronce bleue.  The fruit resembles the black-
 berry in  appearance and properties.   The  bark
 of the root of  R. Triria'lia,  American Dewberry,
 is astringent.
   Rubus Cham.emo'rus ; the Cloudberry Tree,
 Chamamo'rue, C. Norwegica, Chamadrys, Cloud-
 berries,  Knot-berries, (F.) Ronce de Montague.
 The  ripe fruit is sometimes prepared like a jam,
 and  used in fevers, Ac, to  allay thirst.   It has
 been much extolled as an antiscorbutic.
   Rubus Frambcesianus, R. Lheus.
   Rubus Frutico'sus,  It. affi'nie seu panicula'-
 tit8 seu  niger  seu vulga'ria;  the  Common Bram-
 ble, which affords Blackberriee, (F.) Ronce noire.
 The  berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of which
they form a poor variety.  The bark of the root
of the  Rubua villo'sus, American Blackberry,
High or  standing  blackberry, Hairy  American
Bramble, is astringent, and has been used in the
last stages of dysentery, and in cholera infantum.
  Buhls Id.b'us, R. frambtesia'nua, Batoa ; the
Raspberry, (F.)  Framboise, Ronee.  The  fruit of
the best  varieties is extremely agreeable ; and id
much used.  It  was,  formerly,  called Batinon
moron.
  Rubus  Niger, R. fruticosus — r. Paniculatus,
R. fruticosus.
  Rubus Strigo'sus,  Wild red raspberry, of tho
United States.  The leave/ are often  used as a
mild astringent. 
RUCTAMEN
760
RUTA
  Rubus Trivialis, see Rubus caesius — r. Vil-
losus, see Rubus fruticosus—r. Vulgaris, R. fru-
ticosus.
  RUCTAMEN, Eructation.
  RUCTATIO, Eructation.
  RUCTUATIO, Eructation.
  RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation.
  RUC'TUS,  Eructation—r.  Acidus, Oxyregmia
—r. Nidorosus, Cnissoregmia.
  RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabrilis.
  RUDOLPHIA FRONDOSA, Butea frondosa.
  RUE, Ruta—r. Common, Ruta—r. de Chevre,
Galega officinalis—r. Goat's, Galega officinalis —
r. Goat's, Virginia, Galega Virginiana — r.  Mea-
dow,  Thalictron—r. dea Muraillea,  Asplenium
ruta muraria—r. dea PrSa, Thalictron — r. Sau-
vage,  Ruta.
  RUFT, Eructation.
  RUGA, Wrinkle.
  RUG IN E,  Raspatorium.
  RUGISSEMENT, Rugitus.
  RUGI'TUS, Brycheth'moa, from rugire, rugi-
tum, 'to roar.'  (F.) Rugiaaement.  A Latin word,
which ordinarily expresses the roaring  of the lion:
and which  is  used, by some  medical  writers, to
designate  a particular  species of borborygmus
compared to it.
  RUGOSE, Wrinkled.
  RUGOUS,  Wrinkled.
  RUM,  Tafia,  Molas'ses Spirit.  A  spirit dis-
tilled  from  sugar, or  molasses.  See Spirit.
  RUMA, Mamma.
  RUMEN, Hypogastrium.
  RUMEX ACETO'SA, R. tubero'sua seu inter-
tne'dius,  Lap'athum pratenae,  Common  Sorrel,
Ox'alia Aceto'ao, Aeetoaa vulga'ria seu proten'aia,
Anax'yn'8,  A. arven'aia, Sorrel, Sour  dock, Aee-
toaa nostras,  (F.)  Oseille.  Family, Polygoneae.
Sex. Syst.  Hexandria Trigynia.  The  leaves  are
sour,  and are used in cookery,  and also  as a re-
frigerant.
  Rumex  Acu'tus;  Sharp-pointed  Wild  dock,
Oxylaj/'athum, Lap'athum, L. sylves'tre seu acu'-
tum, Rumex, R. paludo'aua seu puail'lua, Lop'a-
thos,  (F.)  Patience aativage.   The  decoction of
the root has long been  used  in cutaneous  affec-
tions.  It is,  sometimes, employed for  the  cure
of the itch.
  Rumex JEtnensis, R. scutatus.
  Rumex Alpi'nus, Aceto'aa Alpi'na.  The sys-
tematic name of the plant that affords the Monk's
Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe des Moines.  See Rumex
patientia.
  Rumex Aquaticus, Rumex hydrolapathum —
r.  Britannica, Rumex  hydrolapathum — r. Con-
fertus. R. patientia—r. Digynus, Oxyriareniformis
—r. Glaucus,  R. scutatus—r. Hastatus, R. scuta-
tus—r. Hastifolius, R. scutatus.
  Rumex Hydrolap'athum,  Water-Dock, Hy-
drolapathum, Runiex aquat'icua, Herba Briton'-
nica,  Rumex  Britan'nica, Lap'athum aquat'icum,
(F.) Parelle,  Patience d'eau.   The leaves of this
plant are subacid, and said to be  laxative.   The
root  has been used  as a tonic, astringent, and
antiscorbutic.  It has also been employed exter-
nally in some cutaneous affections.
   Rumex Intermedius, R. acetosa.
   Rumex  Obtusifo'lius, Lap'athum eylveatre,
Blunt-leaved  Dock.  The root of this, as well as
of R. criapua, has similar virtues to that of the
other species.
   Rumex  Oxyotus, R. scutatus — r.  Paludosus,
R. acutus.
   Rumex  Patien'tia,  R. confer'tua,  Lap'athum
horten'ee, Rhabar'barum monacho'rurn, Hippolap'-
athum, Patien'tia, Garden Patience, Monk's Rhu-
barb, (F.)  Patience.   This  root,  which is sup-
posed to possess the virtues of rhubarb, but in an
inferior degree, is, according to Linnaeus, obtained
from the Rumex patientia; according to Murray,
from the Rumex alpi'nue.
  Rumex  Push,i.us, R. acutus.
  Rumex  Sanguineus.   The root of  the bloody
dock has  an austere  and astringent taste;  and
has been  employed in dysentery.  It  is  called,
also, Lap'athum sanguin'eum, (F.) Oseille ou Pa-
tience Rouge, Sangdragon.
  Rumex  Scuta'tus, R. glaucus seu haetifo'lius
seu ^Etncn'aia seu  oxyotua seu  haato'tua, French
Sorrel, Aceto'aa rotund ifo''lia seu Roma'na seu
Rotundifolia horten'sis  seu scnta'ta, Lap'athum
scuta'tum  seu rotundifo'lia,  Roman or  Garden
Sorrel, Green Sauce, (F.)  Oseille boucher,  Oseille
ronde,  Petite 0.  Virtues  the same as  those of
the common sorrel.
  Rumex  Tuberosus, R.  acetosa.
  RUMINA'TION,  Rumina'tio,  from  ruma or
rumen, 'the  gullet.'  Merycis'mus.   A function
peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they
chew a second time  the  food  they have swal-
lowed.   An  analogous phenomenon is sometimes
seen in man.
  RUMP, Croupion—r. Bone, Coccyx.
  RUNCINA, Raspatorium.
  RUNCINULA,  Raspatorium.
  RUNNET, Rennet.
  RUNNING,  Cursus, (F.) Course.  A succession
of leaps, executed  with rapidity, to transport the
body quickly from one place to another.
  RUNUNCULA, Raspatorium.
  RUPES, Lips of the Vulva.
  RU'PIA,  Ulcus  aton'icum, Ecphly'sis Rhy'pia,
Rhypa'ria, from pvtros,  ' filth.'   An eruption of
large flattish blebs, which  contain a fluid—at first
serous, afterwards  puriform, and often  bloody,
which  rapidly concretes into crusts, at the base
of which are ulcers of variable depths.
  It requires the use of tonics internally, and of
stimulating ointments externally.
  RUPTIRILITAS, Fragilitas.
  RUPTIO,  Rhexis.
  RUPTORIUM,  Cauterium —r. Commune, Po-
tassa fusa.
  RUPTURA,  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Laceration
Rhexis—r.  Corneas, Ceratorrhexis—r. Herniosi,
Hernia—r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis^—r. Uteri, Uteris,
rupture of the — r. Vaginas, Colporrhexis.
  RUPTURE, Hernia,  Rhexis —r.  du Ct»r,
Cardlorrhexis — r. of the  Groin, Bubonocele—r.
de  la Matrice, Uterus, rupture of the — r. Wirt,
Herniaria glabra.
  RUPTURED, see Hernial.
  RUSCUS,  R.  aculea'tua, Bruscus, Oxyitjr'-
rhine,  Oxymyr'aine, Myrtacctn 'tha, Catan'gloa,
Myacan'tha, Sco'pia re'gia, Wild Myrtle, Cetro-
myrine, Butcher'a Broom, (F.) Petit houx, Frgon.
Family, Smilaceas.  Sex.  Syat.  Dioscia Monidel-
phia.  The  root has been recommended « an
aperient and diuretic.
  Ruscus Aculeatus, Ru'scus.
  Ruscus Hypoglos'si;m; Uvula'ria, Hypgloa-
siini, Bialin'gua, Bonifa'cia, Laurue Atextcn\ri'na
anguetifo'lia, (F.) Laurier A/cxandrin.  FoKierly
used against relaxed uvula.
  RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncj odo-
ratus.
  RUSMA, see Orpiment.
  RUSPINI'S STYPTIC, see Styptic, Rupini's.
  R,uspi'ni's Tincture for the Teeth,   .n em-
pirical preparation, composed of Florentic orris
§ viij, clovea ^j, rectified apirit Oij, ttmberria "y)\.
  RUT, Heat.
  RUTA, Ruta graveolens seu horten'aieieu  al'-
tera, Common Rue, Peg'anum, Besa'sa, (;.) Rue,
Rhue,  Rue  eauvage.  Family,  Rutacea   Sex.
Syat.  Decandria  Monogynia.   The plai  has a 
RUTABULUM
761
SACCHARUM
Btrong,  ungrateful  odour, and bitter  pungent
taste.  It is acrid, so as to blister the skin.   Its
properties are reputed to be tonic, stimulant, an-
tispasmodic, and emmenagogue.  Dose, gr.  xv
to >)ij.
   Oleum Ruta, dietillcd Oil of Rue, is antispas-
modic ;  and, externally, rubefacient.  Dose, gtt.
ij to vj.
  Ruta Altera, Ruta—r. Capraria, Galega offi-
cinalis—r. Graveolens, Ruta—r. Hortensis, Ruta
— r. Muraria,,  Asplenium ruta muraria.
   RUTABULUM, Penis.
   RUTA'CEUM, from  Ruta,  'rue.'  Vinegar of
rue.
   RUTIDOMA, see Rutidosis.
   RUTIDO'SIS, Rytido'aie,  Rhytido'aia,  from
pvnoota, 'I wrinkle.'  The act of wrinkling; as
Rutido'ma means a shrivelled or wrinkled body,
A  destruction  or  atrophy of the eye.   Corruga-
tion and subsidence of the cornea.
  RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou
Membrane Ruyschienne.  According to  Ruysch,
and the greater part of his  disciples, the choroid
coat of the eye is formed  of two laminas.  His
son gave to the inner the name Tunica Ruyachi-
a'na or Membra'na Ruyachia'na seu  Rnyach'ii.
   Tu'nica Cellulo'aa Ruyachia'na is the areolar
substance under the peritoneal  covering  of the
stomach.  It is not numbered among the coats
of that organ.
  RYE, Secale — r. Horned, Ergot — r. Spurred,
Ergot.
  RYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis.
  RYTIS, Wrinkle.
s.
  S. A. Ac, see Abbreviation.
  SABADILLA,  Veratrum sabadilla, see Vera-
truia.
  SABADILLIN, see Veratrina.
  SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla.
  SA BBATIA, Chironia angularis—s. Angularis,
Chironia angularis.
  SABINA, Juniperus sabina.
  SABINE, Juniperus sabina.
  SARLE, Maculo'eua, 'sanded.'  Having the
appearance as if strewed with sand.  The terms
sable and piqueti  are sometimes  applied to the
brain, when a slice of it exhibits red points as if
it had been strewed with red sand.   Such is the
case in cerebral hyperasmia.
  SABOT DE VtiNUS JAUNE,  Cypripedium
luteum.
  SABUCUS, Sambucus.
  SAB'ULOUS, Sabulo'sus, Areno'aua, Paommo'-
dee.  The sandy deposit often seen in the urine.
  SABULUM CONARII, see Pineal gland.
  SABURA,  Saburra.
  SABUR'RA, Sabu'ra, Sordea.  This word sig-
nifies, by derivation, coarse sand, or ballast.  In
its common acceptation, it  means foulneaa of the
stomach, as it is sometimes called;—vitiated mat-
ters  supposed to be retained and accumulated in
the stomach—the result of imperfect digestion—
and  which  have been sometimes considered as a
morbid product of the  mucous  secretion of that
organ, or of the biliary secretion; at others, as a
residuum from alimentary substances badly  di-
gested.   The Saburral atate, Collu'viea gaa'trica,
Crudita'tea ventric'uli, Gaatria'mus, (F.) Embarras
gaatriquc, Etat 8aburral, is an  accumulation of
saburras, (F.) Saburrea ga8triques, in the stomach,
which the Humourists considered to be the cause
of a  number of diseases.
  Saburra Verminosa, Helminthiasis.
  SABURRATIO, Arenatio.
  SABURRES GASTRIQUES, see Saburra.
  SAC HERNIAIRE, Hernial sac.
  SACCATUS, Encysted.
  SACCHAR, Saccharum.
  SACC1IARINA. Saccharolie.
  SACCHAROLES (F.), Saccharl'na, from eac-
charum, ' sugar.'   A  name  given by MM. Henry
and  Guibourt  to medicines which have  sugar or
honey for excipient, or for predominant principle.
M. B6ral so calls  an exact mixture of pulverized
sugar with  other  substances also in powder, but
in less  quantity.
  SACCHAROM'ETER^FOSace/Wome-rre.Pe-**-
eirop, from 8accharum, ' sugar,' and utrpov, ' mea-
sure.'  A hj'drometer adapted for determining the
density of syrups.
  SACCHAROMYCES,  Torula cerevisias.
  SACCHARORRHffiA, Glycyrrhoea — s.  Cuta-
nea, Sudor dulcis.
  Sacciiarorrhce'a Lac'tea, Galactorrhea sac-
chara'ta.  A secretion of unusually sweet milk.
  Saccharoruhcea Pulmona'lis, Sputum dulce
seu sacchara'tum.  The copious expectoration of
unusually sweet  matter from the lungs.
  Saccharorrhcea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus.
  SACCHARUM,  Sacchar.   From  Arabic, or
rather Sanscrit,  Sa-kar,  'white earth;'  Suchar,
Succhar, Sutter,  Zuchar, Zu'caro, As'aakur, Ti-
gala, Zac'charum, Zozar, Zu'charum, Zuc'carum,
Zuchra, Mel arundina'ceum, Sugar, (F.) Sucre.
The produce of the juice of the Sac'charum offi-
cina'rum vel officinale of Linnasus, Cal'amua In'-
dicua,  Cal'amua  Sacehari'nua,  Sugar  Cane, (F.)
Canne d  Sucre,  Cannamelle;  Arun'do sacchtt-
rif'era of  Sloane.  Family,  Gramineae.   Sex.
Syst. Triandria  Digynia)  and also  of the beet,
maple, Ac.
  True Sugara are those with which alcoholic
fermentation may be effected, by the addition of
yeast and water.  They  are :—
 Species.              Vetrietiea.
.        f Hard sugar of the  cane, maple, beet,
       '" (  chestnut, Ac.
„        f Liquid  sugar,  sugar of malt, of the
       '" {  sweet potato, molasses, honey, Ac.
„        ( Hard sugar of the  grape, ripe fruits,
       "' {  starch, diabetes, <tc.
4...........   Hard sugar of the mushroom.
  Imperfect sugars  are those in which alcoholio
fermentation cannot be effected by means of yeast
and water.
 Species.              Varieties.
1............Manna.
2............Sugar  of  Milk.
3............Sugar  of jelly or glue.
4............Liquorice.
5............Picromel.
  Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice of
the sugar-cane, boiled with the addition of quick-
lime or common  vegetable alkali. It is  used, in
pharmacy,  for the  preparation of syrups,  con-
serves, lozenges, Ac.  It is very nutritious, and
is  employed as an  aliment, and as  a  demulcent 
SACCHAR URE
762
SACROCOCCYGEAL
 and antiseptic.  Dissolved in small quantities in
 water, as in tea, it is apt to disagree with  dys-
 peptics ;  an evil which does  not always occur
 when the same substance is taken more  largely.
   Saccharum Acer'num,  S. Canaden'se, Maple
 Sugar, is often used as a demulcent.
   Sac'charum Album, S. purifica'tum,  Saccha-
 rum  (Ph.  U. S.), White Sugar, Refi'ned Sugar,
 Sal  Indus, is the  Loaf  Sugar.  Double-refined
 Sugar has been called Tabarzet.
'  Saccharum Can'didum, S. candum seu cantum
 seu canthum, Al'phenic, Nabot, Sugar candy, (F.)
 iSWre Candi, is the crystallized juice of the cane.
   Saccharum Candum, S. Candidum—s. Cantum,
 S. Candidum — s.  Canthum,  S.  Candidum — s.
 Commune, Saccharum non-purificatum.
   Saccharum Hordea'tum, Barley  Sugar,  Pe-
 ptides, Penid'ium, Sac'charum penid'ium, is a va-
 riety of sugar candy.
   Saccharum Lactis,  Sugar of milk.
   Saccharum Non-Purifica'tum,  Muscova'do,
 raw  or brown or  moist sugar, is the S. commu'ne,
 S. rubrum, Mel canna,  or coarse sugar,
   Saccharum Officinarum, see  Saccharum — s.
 Penidium, Hordeatum — s. Rosaceum,  Confectio
 rosas gallicas—s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas.
   SACCHAR URE, from saccharum, 'sugar.'  A
 medicine  resulting from the  intimate  union of
 sugar with the medicinal principles of alcohol or
 ethereal tinctures.—Beral.
   SACCULATED, Encysted.
   SACCULATUS, Encysted.
   SACCULI ADIPOSI,  Fatty vesicles—s.  Cha-
 licophori, see Lacunas of Bone—s. Laryngei, Ven-
 tricles of  the larynx.
   Sac'culi Medicina'les. Bags containing me-
 dicinal substances.
   Sacculi Medullares,  see Medullary mem-
 brane.
   SACCULUS,  diminutive of  saccus,  'a  little
 sac'   This name  has been given to  two  sacs
 formed by the membranous vestibule, which open
 into each  other, and  contain  the otolithes and
 otoconies: one of these is termed the sacculua
 veatib'uli, the other aacculua.  See  Semicircular
 canals.
   Sacculus, Marsupion — s. Cephalicus, Cucu-
 pha—s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Receptaculum  chyli
 —s. Cordis, Pericardium—s. Ellipticus,  see Semi-
 circular canals.
   Sac'culus  Lar'yn'gis.  A cascal pouch, of
 variable size, formed by the mucous membrane
 in the ventricles of the larynx.—Hilton.
   Sacculus Medicinalis, Pulvinar medicatum
 — s. Sphericus, see Semicircular  canals — s. Ves-
 tibuli, Semicircular canals.
   SACCUS, Sac —s.  Coli, Cascum —s. Cordis,
 Pericardium—s. Herniosus, Hernial sac—s. Epi-
 ploicus, Epiploon — s. Intestini crassi, Cascum —
 s. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal sac — s.  Lacrumalis,
 Lachrymal sac — s. Lacteus, Receptaculum chyli
 — s. Mucosus, see Bursas mucosas — s. Pleurae,
 Pleura—s. Venarum cavarura, Sinus dexter cordis
 —s. Venarum pulmonalium, Sinus pulmonalis.
    SA<A"R, Sacral — s. Ignis, Herpes zoster — s.
 Morbus,  Epilepsy — s. Musculus, Transversalis
 dorsi.
    SACERDOTIS PENIS, Arum maculatum.
 '   SACHET (E.), Sac'culua, 'a bag.'   A  small
 bag containing perfumes to  be placed among
 clothes to  communicate  to them  an  agreeable
 odour.   The following is a formula for the pow-
 der they contain. Powdered clovea and powdered
 caaaia, each one ounce; powdered orrie root, an
 ounce and a half; powdered yellow sandal wood,
 one drachm ; otto of rosea, twenty-four drops ; oil
 of lavender, oil of bergamot, each  one drachm;
  musk, six grains.  A scent-bag.
  SACK.  A wine used by our ancestors ; Vin sec
Probably Sherry.
  Sa;k, Saccus, Secluso'rium; Sax. j'ac.  A bag
or po ich.
  Sack, Her'nial, Saccus hernio'sus, (¥.) Sac
herniaire.   An envelope or pouch, formed by the
serous membrane of the cavity, whence a viscus
has escaped.-  We distinguish, in  a hernial sac,
its orifice  or the opening by which it communi-
cates with the great cavity lined by  the serous
membrane:  its cervix or  neck, (F.)  Collet, the
narrow  portion  on the outside of  tho  orifice,
where strangulation sometimes occurs : the body,
(F.)  Corps, which is the round prominent part;
and  the fundus or bottom,— the part opposite to
the orifice.
  Sack Posset;  from sack, 'the wing,' and pos-
eet.  A posset made of sack, milk and other in-
gredients.
  Sack, Serous.   The shut  cavity  formed by
any serous membrane, as by  the pleura or perito-
neum.
  SACRAD,  see Sacral.
  SACRA FISTULA, Vertebral column.
  SACRAL,  Sacer, (F.) Sacri. That which be-
longs or relates to the sacrum.  A name given to
several parts.
  Sacral Arteries  are  distinguished  into • 1.
The  anterior  or middle eacral. Median Artery of
the Sacrum of Chaussier,  which arises from the
posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in front of
the 4th  lumbar vertebra.  It descends, in a ser-
pentine manner, upon -the  sacro-vertebral articu-
lation,  and on the anterior surface of the sacrum.
It furnishes many lateral  branches, which  unite
with the lateral sacral arteries, and enter the an-
terior sacral  foramina,  to be distributed to" the
membranes of the  marrow,  Ac.  2.  The lateral
eacral arteriee, which  are two in number; one on
each side.  They arise from the hypogastric, from
the ilio-lumbar, or from the gluteal; and descend
before the anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing
in an arched manner, towards the  coccyx, with
the middle sacral.   They give off  external and
poaterior  branchea,  which enter the sacral  fora-
mina;  and internal branchea, which are. distri-
buted to the pyramidalis, sacrum, Ac.
   Sacral Aspect.  An aspect towards the region
where the sacrum is situated.—Barclay.  Sacrad
is used  by the same writer adverbially to signify
'towards  the sacral aspect.'
   Sacral Extremities.  The lower limbs.
   Sacral Grooves, (F.) Gouttierea ancriea.  Two
longitudinal excavations,  slightly marked, at the
posterior surface of the sacrum ; which appear to
terminate the vertebral grooves or gutters.
   Sacral Nerves, (F.) A'erfa aacris, are gene-
rally six in number.  They  arise from the termi-
nation  of the spinal  marrow.  The first, united
with the  great cord which  descends from the
lumbar plexus, concurs with the  three others  in
the formation of the sacral or sciatic plexus.  The
third and fourth,  with branches  of the  great
sympathetic, form  the hypogastric  plexus.   The<
fifth and  sixth (coccyge'al nerve) are distributed
to the ischio-coccygeus muscle, and to the sphinc-
ter and levator ani.
   Sacral Plexus, Sciat'ic plexus, — the sacral
 portion of the crural plexus of Chaussier, con-
 stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front  of
the  pyramidalis.   It gives  off, backwards, two
branches, called the pudic, (F.) honteux, and the
 lesser sciatic.  It terminates in the  great sciatic
 nerve.
   SAC RE, Sacral.
   SACROCOCCYGE'AL, Sacro-coccygeue.  Re-
 lating to  the sacrum and  coccyx.
   Sacbococcyge'al  Articula'tion is  that  of 
SACROCOSTALIS              763                 SACRUM
 the lower extremity of the  sacrum with the su-
 perior/riccffe of the coccyx.  It is closed by two
 ligaments;—an anterior and a poaterior  aacro-
 coecygeal.
   SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis-«.  Fimo-
 ral. GlutaMis major.
   SACROCOXALGIA, from eacrum,  'the os
 sacrum,' coxa, 'the hip,'  and aXyos, 'pain;'  a
 hybrid term.  Some authors have called thus a
 rheumatic affection of the sacro-iliac symphysis.
   SACROILTAC,  Sacro-ili'acus.   That  which
 relates to the sacrum and ilium.
   Sacroiliac Articula'tion,  Sym'physis, or
 Synchondro'sis,  Ilio-sacral articula'tion,  sym-
 physis  or synchondrosis, is  the union of two  sur-
 faces;—two inclined planes, broader above than
 below ;  one formed by the sacrum, the other by
 the ilium.   Both  surfaces  are incrusted by an
 articular cartilage.   The bands which strengthen
 them  are  the  two  aacro-sciatic  ligaments,  the
 sacrospinal, a sacro-iliac ligament, and some ir-
 regular fibres.   The sacro-iliac ligament is a very
 thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular  fibres,
 occupying the space which the sacrum and ilium
 leave  between them, behind their articular sur-
 face.  Some authors have termed  some irregular
 fibres, situate in front of the sacro-iliac articula-
 tion, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments, in opposition
 to the preceding fasciae, which they call posterior
 sacro-iliac.
   SACROISCHIATICUS,  Sacro-sciatic.
   SACROLOMBAIRE, Saero-lumbalis.
   SACROLUMBAR, Sacro-lumba'lis, Sacro-lom-
 baire.  That which  belongs to  the  sacrum and
 loins.
   Sacrolumbar,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  Sacro-lumba'-
 ris Muscle,  Sacro-costa'lis, Dorao-trache'littn por-
 tion of the Sacro-spinal of Chaussier, (F.)ioi«6o-
 costo-trachilien, Sacro-lombaire,  is seated at the
 posterior part of the trunk ;  is thick and triangu-
 lar below;  flat and thin in the remainder, and
 terminates in a point at its upper extremity.   It
 is attached to the posterior surface of the sacrum;
 to the corresponding portion of the crista ilii; to
 the extremities of the transverse processes of the
 lumbar vertebras; to the angles of the eleven in-
 ferior ribs ; to the tuberosity of the first, and  the
 posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of
 the last five cervical vertebras.  The sacro-lum-
 balis straightens the vertebral column when bent
 forwards, and  maintains it straight.   By means
 of its insertion into the ribs, it can  elevate or  de-
 press these bones, according as it contracts  from
 above to below, or from below to above. It acts,
 consequently, sometimes as an inspiratory, at
 others as an expiratory muscle.
   From six or eight of the lower ribs arises an
 equal number of fleshy portions, which terminate
 at  the inner side  of this muscle, and are  called
 MUs'culi Accessor'it vel Additamen'tum ad Sacro-
 lumba'lem, (F.) Acceaaoirea du Sacro-lombaire.
   From the upper part of the sacro-lumbalis, a
 fleshy  slip, called Cervica'lia deacen'dena, Oervi-
 calia descendens  Diemerbroeck'ii,  Transversa'lis
 col/tttera'lia  colli,  Accesso'rius ad  Sacro-lumba-
 lem, (F.)  Tranaveraaire grele, runs up, to be fixed
 to the  transverse processes of the fourth,  fifth,
 and sixth  cervical  vertebras, by three distinct
 tendons.  These last parts,  though separated by
 some anatomists, belongto the sacro-lumbalis.
   SACKOSCIAT'IC, Sacro-ischiat'icus.   That
 which belongs to the sacrum and ischium.
   Sacrosciatic Ligaments are two ligaments,
 which  assist in securing the sacro-iliac articula-
tion.  The great or posterior sacro-sciatic  liga-
 ment extends from  the crista ilii and the  sides
 of the sacrum aud coccyx to  the tuberosity of the
ischium.  The less or anterior sacro-sciatic liga-
 ment arises from the same point, and terminates
 in the spine of the ischium.
   SACROSPINAL^  Dorso-trachelian portion of
 the sacro-lumbalis.
   SACROSPINA'LIS.   That  which  relates to
 the sacrum and spine.  Under this name, Chaus-
 sier  describes  the sacro-lumbalis,  longissimus
 dorsi, transversalis,  transverso-spinalis, and in-
 tertransversalis.  He divides it into three por-
 tions.
   SACR0TROCHANTERIEN, Pyramidalis.
   SACROVERT'EBRAL, Sacro-vertebra'lis.
 That which relates to the sacrum and the ver-
 tebras.
   Sacrovertebral  Articulation is the junc-
 tion of the last vertebras of the loins with  the
 sacrum.   The angle which these two bones form
 at the anterior part has been called the Prom'on-
 tory of the Sacrum, or the Sacro-vertebral Angle.
   Sacrovertebral  Ligament is  a  strong liga-
 ment, which passes from  the anterior part of each
 of the  transverse  processes of  the  last lumbar
 vertebra to be attached to the base of the sacrum.
 Its  use  is to maintain the articulation of those
 two bones in situ.
   SACRUM, Os aacrum,  Oa baaila're, 08 Alagas,
 Oa latum, Oa  clun'ium,  Ver'tebra  magna, Alba-
 giazi, Hi'eron oat'eon,  Clunia, Subver'tebra, Sub-
 ver'tebrum, Vet'ula;  from  aacer,  'sacred;'  be-
 cause it contributes to protect the genital organs,
 which were considered sacred, or because it was
 offered in sacrifice.   The bone,  which  forms  the
 posterior part of the pelvis, and is a continuation
 of the vertebral column.  The sacrum is symme-
 trical and  triangular, situate at the posterior part
 of the pelvis, and concave anteriorly.   It has, —
 1. A pelvic or anterior aurface, which corresponds
 to the pelvic cavity, and has four transverse fur-
 rows, that point out the parts where the primitive
 portions of the bone were  separated  from each
 other.   On each  side  there are four  foramina,
 called anterior aacral;  these are  oblique,  and
 decrease in size, from  above downwards. Through
 these pass  the anterior  branches  of the  sacral
 nerves.  2. A spinal  or posterior surface,  which
 is convex,  rough, and covered by muscles. Upon
 the  median line are  four horizontal,  tubercular
 eminences, forming a continuation of the spinous
 processes of the vertebrae ; and below, a triangu-
 lar notch, where the sacral canal terminates.  On
 each side of the surface are four  foramina, called
 posterior sacral, which are  smaller than the an-
 terior, and give passage to the posterior branches
 of the sacral nerves.  3. The vertebral surface or
 base.  Its  greatest extent is transversely.   It is
 articulated with the last lumbar vertebra.  On it
 is seen the orifice of the sacral cpnal, of a trian-
 gular shape, which decreases in width from above
 downward; terminates the vertebral canal;  is
 lined by a prolongation  of the cerebral  mem-
 branes; contains the fasciculi of the sacral nervesj
 communicates, externally, by the sacral foramina;
 and terminates at the triangular notch on the
 posterior surface of the bone. At the  sides of the
 upper orifice of the sacral canal are two articular
 processes, which receive the articular processes
 of the last lumbar vertebra. The projection formed
 by the union of the base  of the  sacrum with the
 last  lumbar vertebra, is called  the Prom'ontory,
 Promonto'rium  Ossis  Sacri, Great  Angle of the
 Sacrum or Sacro-vertebral Angle. 4. A coccygeal
 face or  apex,  (F.) Face coccygicnne ou Sommet,
 which is very narrow, and is articulated with the
 coccyx.  5. Two lateral  margins,  which  have,
 above, a broad, oblique surface,  articulated with
 the ilium.
  The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points  cl
ossification. 
SADDLE
764
SAINT  PARDAUX
  SADDLE,  TURKISH, Sella Turcica.
  S.EPES, Sepes.
  SAFFLOW, Carthamus tinctorius.
  SAFFLOWER, Carthamus'tinctorius.
  SAFFRON, Crocus —s. Bastard, Carthamus
tinctorius—s. Dyers', Carthamus tinctorius — s.
Flower, Carthamus tinctorius — s. Meadow, Col-
chicum autumnale.
  SAFRAN  BATARD,  Carthamus tinctorius,
Colchicum  autumnale — s. des Indes,  Curcuma
longa — 8. de  Mars apiritif, Ferri subcarbonas —
s. de  Mara astringent,  Colcothar — s.  dee  Pres,
Colchicum  autumnale — a. Racine  de, Curcuma
longa.
  SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinctorius.
  SAFRE, Smalt.
  SAGA, Sago.
  SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non, (F.)
Gomme eiraphique.   A gum-resin,  supposed to
be obtained from the Fer'ula Persica.  Family,
Umbelliferas.   Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.
Its  odour is fetid and alliaceous; taste pungent,
bitterish, nauseous.   It is  in small, agglutinated
masses of a yellow colour; tenacious ; breaking
with a horny fracture.   It is a reputed antispas-
modic and emmenagogue.  Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
  SAGAPIN, Sagapenum.
  SAGE,  Salvia — s. Indian, Eupatorium  perfo-
liatum—s.  Jerusalem, Pulmonaria,—s. Tree, Lan-
tana—s. Wild, Salvia Africana.
  SAGE-FEMME, Midwife.
  SAGENA,  Epiploon.
  SAG ESSE DES  CHIRURGIENS,  Sisym-
brium Sophia.
  SAGIMEN VITRI,  Soda, subcarbonate of.
  SAGIT'TAL,  Sagitta'lia,  Sagitta'tus,  from
tagitta, 'an arrow.'
  Sagittal Furrow, Sagittal Groove,  (F.) Gout-
ttere sagittate, is a channel on the median line of
the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is exca-
vated in the os frontis, in the two parietal  and
occipital bones, and extends  from the crista galli
to the internal occipital protuberance.  It lodges
the longitudinal sinus, which has been called the
sagittal sinus.
  Sagittal Suture, Obela'a sutu'ra,  0.  Raphe,
Sutura Virgo'ta, S. juga'lis, S. Rabdo'i'dea, Rhab-
do'i'dea, Rhabdo'des, Rhabdo'ideue seu Biparieta'-
lia.  The suture which unites the two  parietal
bones, and which extends, from before to behind,
on  the median  line, from the coronal suture to
the lambdoidal. It is so called, from aogitta,  'an
arrow,' because it seems to meet the coronal su-
ture as an  arrow meets the string of a  bow.
  SAGITTA'RIA VARIABILIS, Arrowhead,
Arrowleaf,  Wapata  of Oregon ;  Nat.  Ord. Alis-
maceae ;  esculent? yielding fecula like arrow-root.
 The roots are cooling and sub-astringent, and are
at times applied to the feet in cases of yaws  and
 dropsical swellings of the legs.  The leaves are
 applied to the breasts to dispel milk.
   SAGITTA' RIUM  ALEXIPIIAR' MACUM,
 Malac'ca radix, Canna In'dica,  Arun'do Indica.
 A  root cultivated in the West Indies, and  sup-
 posed to be a remedy for  wounds by poisoned
 arrows.
   SAGITTATUS, Sagittal.
   SAGO, Sagus, Saga, Sagu, Segu, Am'ylum pal-
 ma'ceum, (¥.) Sagou, Sague.  A fecula, obtained
 from the pith of the Sagus rumph'ii, Cycas circi-
 na'lis, C. revolu'ta, Ac, growing in the Moluccas,
 Philippine Isles, Ac, and which is brought to us
 in  small grains.  The  same substance is, also,
 obtained from the West Indies,  but it is inferior
 to  that  from the East.  By boiling in water or
 milk, sago  becomes soft  and transparent,  and
 forms an agreeable and nutritious food in febrile,
calculous, and other disorders.   It is made pala-
table by sugar,  leinon-juice, or wine, where the
last is not contra-indicated.
  To make sago into  a  proper mucilage for the
sick, a tablespoonful of it  should be macerated
in a pint of water for two hours, and then boiled
for  fifteen  minutes, stirring assiduously.  Caro
must be taken, that the grains are perfectly dis-
solved by long boiling and  constant stirring.
  Sago posaet is made by putting aago, ^ij, into
water, Oij ;  boiling until the mucilage is formed:
then rubbing sugar, ^ss, on the rind of'a lemon,
and putting it  with tincture of ginger, fgj, into
sherry, Oss ; adding this  mixture to the mucilage,
and boiling for  five minutes.—It is a good resto-
rative.
  Sago,  French, see Solanum tuberosum, and
Arrow-root, common — s.  Portland Island,  see
Arum maculatum.
  SAGOU, Sago.
  SAGU, Sago.
  SAGUE, Sago — s. Petit, see Solanum tube-
rosum.
  SAGUS, Sago — s.  Rumphii, see Sago.
  SAHARA, Insomnia.
  SAIGNEE,  Blood-letting—«. Spoliative, Spo-
liativa phlebotomia.
  SAIGNEMENT DU NEZ, Epistaxis.
  SAILORS, DISEASES,  Ac, OF.  Sailors, by
nature of their occupation, are liable to many
diseases.  Several  of these may, however, be
warded off by proper attention to cleanliness and
ventilation.
  SAIN BO IS,  Daphne gnidium —«.  Doux,
Adeps prasparatus.
  SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Sulphuretted waters,  in the  department  of Du
Nord,  France.   They contain  carbonic and sul-
phohydric  acids.  The Boue or deposit contains
sulphohydric acid,  and  salts of iron and magne-
sia. Temperature, 64°  to 82° Fahr.
  SAINT  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE OF.  This
sea-port of Florida is a frequent retreat during
the winter  season for the valetudinarian from the
more northern parts of the United States.  The
climate is certainly comparatively mild and equa-
ble ; but it is liable to frequent north-east storms.
There are  only a few days, however, in winter,
in  which the invalid cannot take exercise in the
open air.  Tampa Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida,
and Mobile, in Alabama,  which  are  sometimes
visited by the consumptive, are less liable to the
storms in question.
   SAINT  CHARLES'S ROOT,  Carlo  Sancto
(Radix).
   SAINT  CROIX, Santa  Cruz.
   SAINT  JAMES'S WORT, Senecio Jacobasa.
   SAINT  JOHN'S DANCE, see Mania, dancing
— St.  John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.
   SAINT  KITTS, see  West Indies.
   SAINT  LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE OF.  This
 place, which is situate  about  a mile to the west-
 ward of Hastings, in Sussex, England, is less shel-
 tered  than it,  and is therefore a less favourable
 retreat, during the winter  months, for the phthi-
 sical valetudinarian.
   SAINT  MYON, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Some  cold, acidulous waters at Saint Myon, near
 Riom, in the department of Puy-de-DSme. They
 contain free  carbonic acid, subcarbonate of soda,
 chloride of sodium, and Carbonate and sulphate
 of lime.
   SAINT NECTAIRE, MINERAL WATERS
 OF. Springs in the department of Puy-de-Dome
 France. They contain carbonic acid, bicarbonate
 of soda, and chloride of sodium.  Temperature,
 75° to 103°  Fahr.
    SAINT  PARDAUX, MINERAL WATERS 
SAINT SAUVEUR            765                  SALIVA
  OF.   Chalybeate springs in the department  of
  Alher, 1 ranee.   They contain carbonic acid and
  iron.
    SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  AVATERS
  O*.   Sulphurous waters  in  the department  of
  r,oHQUlfS,"Pyr6"6es' France-  Temperature, 76°  to
  IM  b ahr.
    SAINT VINCENT'S, see AVest Indies.
    SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see  Ma-
  nia   dancing —s. Vitus's Dance of the  Voice,
  Balbuties.
    SAIRE,  Essera.
    SAL, Salf^-s. Absinthii, Potassas subcarbonas,
  see Potash —s. Acetosellas,  Potass, oxalate of—
  s. Acetosus ammoniacalis, Liquor ammonias  ace-
  tatis — s. Acidum benzoes, Benjamin — s.  Albus,
  Soda, muriate of— s. Alembroth, Alembroth salt
  —s. Alkali, Soda, subcarbonate of—s. Alkalinus
  fixus  fossilis, Soda —s.  Amarum, Magnesias  sul-
  phas—s. Ammoniac, volatile, Ammonias  carbo-
  nas— s.  Ammoniacum, Ammonias  murias — s.
  Ammoniacum martiale,  Ferrum  ammoniatum —
  s. Ammoniacum secretum Glauberi, Ammonias
  sulphas —s. Ammoniacum tartareum, Ammonias
  tartras —s. Ammoniacum vegetabile, Liquor am-
  monias acetatis — s. Ammoniacus nitrosus, Am-
  monias nitras —s. Ammonias, Ammonias  murias
  — s.  Anglicanum, Magnesiae sulphas —s. Anti-
  epilepticus  of Weissman,  Cuprum  ammoniatum
  — s.  Antimonii,  Antimonium tartarizatum__s.
  Ammoniacum, Ammonias murias—s. Artis, Alem-
  broth salt—s. Asphaltitis,  Bit noben—s. Cathar-
  ticus  amarus, Magnesias sulphas—s. Catharticus
  Glauberi,  Soda, sulphate of—s. Communis, Soda,
  muriate of— s. Cornu cervi, volatile, Ammonias
  carbonas —s. Culinaris, Soda, muriate of—s.  Di-
  gestivus Sylvii,  Potossas murias— s. Diureticus,
  Potassas acetas —s. de Duobus, Potassas sulphas
  — s. Ebsdamense, Magnesias sulphas — s. Enix-
  uni, Potassas supersulphas—s. Epsomensis, Mag-
  nesias sulphas —s. Essentiale Benzoes, BenjamTn
 —s. Febrifugus of Lemery, Potassas supersulphas
 —s. Febrifugus Sylvii, Potassas murias—s. Fon-
 tium,  Soda, muriate of—s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate
 of—s. Fuliginis, Ammonias carbonas—s.  Gemmae,
 Soda, muriate of—s. Herbarum, Potassas subcar-
 bonas — s. Indus, Saccharum album — s. Lixivi-
 osum, see  Lixivium—s. Lucidum, Soda, muriate
 of—-s.  Marinus,  Soda, muriate  of—s. Martis,
 Ferri  sulphas — s. Martis  muriaticum  sublima-
 tum, Ferrum ammoniatum—s. Mirabile perlatum,
 Soda, phosphate of—s. Mirabilis Glauberi, Soda,
 sulphate of—s. Muriaticum baroticum, Baryta,
 muriate of—s. Nitrum, Potassas  nitras—s. Os-
 sium, Ammonias  carbonas—s. Panchrestum, Po-
 tassas tartras—s. Petras, Potassas  nitras—s. Tar-
 tarum, Potassas subcarbonas—s. Plumbi, Plumbi
 superacetas—s. Polychrestus, Potassas sulphas—
 s.  Polychrestus  Glaseri,  Potassas sulphas  cum
 sulphure —s. Polychrestum Seignetti, Soda, tar-
 trate of— s.  Prunellas, Potassas nitras fusus sul-
 phatis paucillo mixtus—s. Rupellensis, Soda, tar-
 trate .of— s.  Sapientise, Alembroth salt,  Potassas
 sulphas —s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas__s.
 Scientias, Alembroth salt — s. Secretus Glauberi,
 Ammonias  sulphas —s.  Sedativus  Hombergi, Bo-
 racic acid —s. Sedlicensis, Magnesias sulphas__
 s. Seignetti,  Soda, tartrate of—s. Sennerti, Po-
 tassas acetas — s.  Seydschutzense,  Magnesias sul-
 phas— s. Sodas, Soda,  subcarbonate of—s. So-
 domenus, Bit noben — s.  Succini,  Succinic acid
 —s. Tartari,  Potassae subcarbonas, see Potash__
 s. Tartari essentiale,  Tartaric acid—s. Tartari
 sulphuratum,  Potassae sulphas —  s.  Urinas, Mi-
 erocosmicum  Sal—s.  Urinosum, Urea—s. A'ege-
 tabilis, Potassas tartras—s. A'itas, Alembroth salt
— s. A'itrioli, Zinci  sulpha? — s. Vitrioli  narcoti-
cum, Boracic acid — s. A'olatile, Ammonias car-
  bonas,  Spiritus ammonias aromaticus — s. Vola-
  tile Benzoes, Benjamin—.s. A'olatile boracis, Bo-
  racic acid — s. A'olatile oleosum Sylvii, Spiritus
  ammonias aromaticus — s. Volatile succini  Suc-
  cinic acid — s. A'olatilis  salis ammoniaci,  Am-
  moniac carbonas—s. Vomitorium vitrioli, Zinci
  sulphas.
    SALAAM   CONVULSION,  see Convulsion,
  Salaam.
    SALAB. Salep.
    SALACITAS,  Satyriasis — s. Vulvas, Nym-
  phomania.
    SALAD, CORN, Valeriana dentata,
    SALAP, Salep.
    SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.) A  small place
  — the Montpelier of Huxham — which is one of
  the warmest spots on the S. AV. coast of England,
  and,  therefore, in this respect adapted for tho
  phthisical invalid  as a winter retreat.
    SALEP, Saloop' (so pronounced.)  Salab, Sa-
  lop.  The prepared bulb of  the  Orchis mas'cula
  and other species of Orchis.  The salep of Cach-
  mere is from a species of Euloph'ia.   Salep is in
  small, irregular, hard masses.  In its composition
  in  relation to  water, it is closely  analogous to
  tragacanth.  It is possessed  of  similar virtues
  with sago, tapioea, Ac.   The mucilage  is prepared
  by dissolving the  powdered salep in  hot water,
  with assiduous  stirring, and adding to the solu-
  tion sugar and  milk.
    SALER'NUM,  (SCHOOL  OF.)   An "ancient
  school of  medicine at Salerno in  Italy.  It  was
  established by Charlemagne, in 802; and was  the
 first Christian university at which medicine  was
 taught.  It was much celebrated, especially in
 the 12th century.   The work on hygiene, " De
  Conservandd Valetudine," which bears its name,
 has passed through several editions  in various
 languages.  It is supposed to have been written
 by John of Milan, in 1100,  and is in  Leonine
 verses.
   SALICARIA, Lythrum salicaria.
   SALICINE, see Salix.
   SALICORNIA ARABICA, Ac, see Soda.
   SALINE', Sali'nus, Salina'cius, Sulinac"idus,
 Sali'tus, Salsus, Hali'nus, Halmy'rus, Halico'des,
 Sali'nous,  from  sal.  That which contains a salt,
 or has the properties of a salt.
   Saline  Draught or Mixture.  This may be
 made as follows :—Potass, carbon. Qj, acid, citric.
 vel tartar, gr.  xv, vel suce.  Union, recent, £ss,
 aqua f^viij, syrup, cujuavie 3J. M.  Given in  di-
 vided doses as a febrifuge.
   Saline Effervescing Draught or Mixture
 is made  by adding  a due proportion  of either of
 the acids above mentioned, or of lemon-juice, to
 the proper proportion of the carbonate  of soda or
 potassa.  About 25 grains of the acid saturate 30
 grains of the carbonate.  See  Powders, soda.
   SALINOUS,  Saline.
   SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLORES, Ammoniae
 carbonas.
   SALITIO, Leap.
   SALITUS, Saline.
   SALIUM, Saliva.
   SALIUNCA,  Valeriana Celtica.
   SALI'VA, Si'olon, Si'elon,  Sialo'ma, Ptyama,
 Pty'alon, Pty'elon,  Sa'lium, Sputa'men, Sputa-
 men'tum, Sputum, Spittle.  An inodorous, insipid,
 transparent, slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the
 parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands, and
 poured into the mouth  by the ducts  of Steno,
 Wharton and Rivinus ; the use of which is to mix
with the alimentary bolus, and to serve in the
process of  digestion.  It is composed, according
to Berzelius, of 992.2 parts of water, 2.9 of a par-
ticular animal matter, soluble in water, and in-
soluble in alcohol, pty'alin, prwciv'ium saliva'li. 
SALIVA
7C6
SALT
mate'ria siali'na, of 1.4 of mucus, 1.7 of chlorides
of potassium and sodium,  0.9 of lactate of soda
and animal matter, and 0.2 of soda.
  SALIV.E FLUXUS CIBO VISO, see Saliva-
tion.
  SALIVAIRE, Salivary.
  SALI\TAL, Salivary.
  SALIVANS, Sialagogue.
  SALIVANT, Sialagogue.
  SALIVARIS, Salivary — s. Herba, Anthemis
pyrethrum.
  SAL'I\rARY, Saliva'rius, Saliva'ris, Salivo'-
sit8, Sali'val, Sali'voua, from aaliva, (F.) Salivaire.
That which belongs to the saliva.
  Salivary Calculi, see Calculi, salivary.
  Salivary  Fis'tulas, Sialoeyrin'gee, are such
as depend upon an accidental opening into the ex-
cretory ducts of the salivary glands. Fistulas are
most commonly met with in the duct of Steno.
  Salivary  Glands, Secreting  organe of  the
saliva, Salical glands, are situate symmetrically,
to the  number of four, on  each  side of the face.
Their  form  is very irregular, and  their extent
varies  according to individuals.   Their excretory
ducts — Ductua Salivo'rii, (F.) Canaux ou Con-
duita aalivoirea, carry the saliva directly into the
mouth, without pouring it into any intermediate
reservoir, as happens  in the case of some  of the
other  glands.  The salivary glands have been
distinguished into,—1. The parotid; 2. The aub-
maxiltary ; 3. The eublingual; and 4. The intra-
lingual or Ungual, seated at the  inferior surface
of the  tongue, where the mucous membrane forms
a fringed fold.
  SALIVATIO, Salivation—s. Mercurialis, Sali-
vation, mercurial.
  SALIVA'TION,  Saliva'tio, Saliva'tio cal'ida,
Epiph'ora ptyaiis'mus, Sialia'mus, Sputum Oria,
Sial'achua,  Sieliamoa, Sialorrhce'a, Sialoze'mia,
Ptyalia'mua, Pty'aliam, Fluxua  anli'va,  (F.)
Flux   de  Bouche,  Flux   ealivaire.   A  super-
abundant secretion of saliva; occasioned either
locally, by the use of irritating masticatories, or
under  the influence of some cause which acts on
the whole economy, and especially of mercurial
preparations.  In this last case it is accompanied
by a coppery taste in  the  mouth, by swelling of
the gums, and  sometimes by  looseness  of  the
teeth.   Salivation may usually be diminished by
the use of astringents, laxatives, Ac
   Ptyaliamua acu'tua aympathet'icua, Saliva fluxua
cibo viao, Mouth watering, the increased flow of
saliva  produced by the sight, smell, or thought of
agreeable food, is a species of ptyalism, as well as
the Ptyaliamua acutua melli'tua, Apoceno'aia pty-
alia'mua mellitus,  or  Sweet spittle.   In this  the
saliva has a sweet or  mucilaginous taste.  •
   Salivation, Mercc'rial,  Saliva'tio  mercu-
ria'lis, Sialoze'mia mercurialis, Ptyaiis'mus mer-
curia'lie, P.  hydrargyra'tua, (F.) Ptyaliame mer-
curiel, Salivation  mercurielle.  Salivation pro-
duced  by mercury.   The  stomatitis that accom-
panied it is termed  mercurial, Hydrar'gyro-sto-
mati'tie, (F.) Stomtitite mercurielle.
   SALIVATION MERCURIELLE, Salivation,
 mercurial.                                 v
   SALIVATUM, Sialagogue.
   SALIVOSUS, Salivary.
   SALIVOUS, Salivary.
   SALIX.   The  Willow,  Ttea,  (F.)  Saule.  A
 genus of plants in the Linnasan system.
   Salix Frag"ilis,  S. pen'dula seu decip'iene
 seu amygdali'na seu pereicifo'lia seu Rueaelia'na
 Keu pippoph'aefolia seu Trevira'nii, or Crack wil-
 low (Ph. D.) Salix Alba, S. caru'lea seu virtel-
 li'na,  or White willow (Ph. D. and Ph. U. S.)  Sa-
 lix Latipo'lia, or broad-leaved  willow.   Salix
 Ca'prea, S. sphacela'ta seu tomento'aa, or Great
round-lenvcd willow (Ph. L.)  Salix Pf.ntah'-
dria sen Heumapiiroditi'ca.  Salix Hu'milis,
Low bush willow, Speckled willow.  Salix A'itu-
li'na, Salix Ep.yoceph'ala.  The bark of each
of these has a slightly aromatic odour, and a bit-
ter astringent taste, which is nearly the same in
all the species.   It  is tonic and astringent, and
has been used  in intermittents,  and in cases of
dyspepsia, worms, &c.   The active principle has
been separated, and called Sal'icinc.  It is like
the quinia in medicinal efficacy.   Dose, Qj  to ^j
f5f the powder.  Dose of Salicine  from  4 to 6
grains.
  Salix JSgyptiaca, Calaf.
  SALLOW, Lurid.
  SALMIAC, Ammonias murias.
  SALOOP, Salep.
  SALPETRA, Soda, nitrate of.
  SALPINGEMPHRAX'IS, from oaXirtyt, 'the
Eustachian tube,' and tptppa^is, ' obstruction. Ob-
struction of the Eustachian tube; — a cause of
deafness.
  SALPINGITIS, from aaXmyl., 'a tube,' and
itia, ' denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation of
the Eustachian tube.
  SALPINGOCYE'SIS, Paracye'aia tubo'ria,
Gravid'itaa tubo'ria, from aaX-rriyi,, 'a tube or
trumpet,' and xvnais, 'pregnancy.'  Tubal  preg-
nancy.— See Pregnancy.
  SALPINGOMALLEEN, Tensor tympani —
s. Staphylinus internus, Levator  palati.
  SALPINGOPHARYNG^E'US, from  aaXmyl,
' a  trumpet,' and  tpapvyf, ' the pharynx.'  Val-
salva and  Douglas have given  this name to a
bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eustachian
tube to the pharynx.
  SALPINGOSTAPHYLINUS, Circumflex
muscle.
  SALPINGOSTENOCHO'RIA, from  aaXnyl,
' a  tube,' ortvos, ' narrow,' and x0*?"' ' sVacc-'
Narrowness or  stricture of the Eustachian  tube.
  SALPINX, Tuba.
  SALSAFI, Tragopogon.
  SALSAMENTUM CRUDUM, Omotarichos.
  SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA, Sarsapa-
rilla Germanica.
  SALSEDO MUCRUM, Potassas nitras.
  SALSEPAREILLE, Smilax  sarsaparilla — *.
d'Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
  SALSLLAGO, Muria.
   SALSOLA DECUMBENS, S. Kali.
   Salso'la  Kali,  S.  Decum'bene, Kali  aoda,
 Prickly Saltwort,  Kali  epino'aum  cochlea'turn,
 Tragua sive Tragum Matthi'oli.   This plant, as
 well as the Salaola eati'va and the Salaola aoda
 seu longifo'lia,  Kali iner'mie seu aoda, Herba vitri,
 produces the alkaline salt, commonly called Ba-
 rilla, Soda, or  Kelp.
   Salsola Longifolia, S. Kali—s. Sativa, 4c,
 see S. Kali, and Soda — s. Soda, see S. Kali.
   SALSUGINOSUS, Halmyrodes.
   SALSUS, Saline.
   SALT, Sol,  Hal, Hale, <aXs, (F.) Sel.  A name
 formerly given to a considerable number of sub-
 stances of very different nature. At present, chy-
 mists apply the term Salta exclusively to the com-
 bination of an  acid with one or more bases. Neu-
 tral ealte are  those in which  the acid and base
 reciprocally saturate each other.   Acid ealte or
 aupcraalta, (F.) Sur-aela, are those in  which the
 acid predominates  over the base.   Alkaline ealts
 or aubaalta, (F.) Soua-eela, those in which the base
 is, on the  contrary, predominant.  The different
 denominations of the salts are compounded, 1. Of
 the name of the acid ;  the termination of  which
 is changed into ite, when the  name of the acid is 
                  SALTANS

in oua ; — ate, when it is in ic.  Thus  the salts
formed by  the  eu/phuroue  acid are eulphitea ;
those by the aulphuric, aulphatea.  2. This name
is followed up by that of the oxyd, that enters
into the  composition of the salt.  Thus, the eul-
phate  of protoxyd of iron  is a combination of
sulphuric acid with the protoxyd of that metal.
Frequently, to shorten the name, the word oxyd
is suppressed;  and proto, deuto, trito,  Ac, put
before  the acid :—as protoaulphate of iron.  Sim-
ple ealte are those resulting from the combina-
tion of an acid  with a single base :  double ectlta
with two different bases: triple with three, Ac.
A haloid ealt is one constituted after the type of
common salt, or which contains a metal and a
salt-radical, as chlorine,  iodine,  Ac.  An oxyaalt
is formed from the combination  of an acid with
an oxide.
   When ealt is used in an abstract sense, it means
the chloride of sodium.
   Salt Aperient, op Frederick, Soda, sulphate
of—s.  Baker's, Ammoniae carbonas—s. of Barilla,
Soda, subcarbonate of—s. Bay, Soda, muriate of
—s. Bitter purging, Magnesias sulphas—s. Com-
mon, Soda, muriate of—s. Epsom, Magnesiae sul-
phas—s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate of—s. Glau-
ber's, Lyraington, see Soda, sulphate of—s. Ro-
chelle, Soda, tartrate  of—s.  Rock, Soda, muriate
of—s.  Sea, Soda, muriate of—s. Secondary, Neu-
tral salt — s. Seignette's, Soda, tartrate of—s.
Smelling, Ammonias carbonas—s. of  Soda, Soda,
subcarbonate of— s. Sore-throat, Potassas nitras
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus—s. of Tartar, see
Potassas subcarbonas, and Potash — s. Tasteless
purging, Soda, phosphate of—s. of  Urine, Am-
monias carbonas—s. White,  Soda, muriate of—s.
of Woodsoot, Ammonias  carbonas — s. of Worm-
wood,  see Potash.
   SALTANS ROSA, Urticaria.
   SALTATIO,  Dancing—s. Sancti Viti, Chorea.
   SALTERTON.  A village about four miles to
the  eastward of Exmouth, England,  frequented
as a winter abode by invalids.   It is in a small,
open valley on the seashore, and is well protected
from winds, particularly the northerly.
   SALTISH, Halmyrodes.
   SALTPETRE, Potassas nitras.
   SALTUS, Leap, Vulva—s. Tendinum, Subsul-
tus tendinum.
   SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola  kali.
   SALUBRIOUS, Salutary.
   SALUBRIOUSNESS, Salubrity.
   SALUBRIS, Salutary.
   SALU'BRITY,  Salu'britaa,  Salu'briouaneaa,
(F.) Salubriti, from salus, 'health.'   Any thing
which  contributes to the health of individuals or
of communities.  Situations differ materially from
each other in this respect; and the cause of the
difference is often an interesting topic  of inquiry.
   SALUS, Sanitas.
   SALUTAIRE, Salutary.
   SAL'UTARY, Peries'ticos, Saluta'ris,  Salu'-
ber, Salu'bri8, Hygiei'nue, Hygiasticus,  Hygie'-
rue, Salu'brins,  (F.)  Salutaire.   Same etymon.
Healthy.   That  which  is favourable to health.
Some  diseases  have  been considered  salutary;
but this is  doubtful.
   SALUTIF'EROUS,  Salu'tifer;  from ealua,
' health,' and fero, ' I bear.'  Bringing  health;
health-bearing.
   SALVATEL'LA; same etymon, (?)  Vena eal-
rtrtel'la, is  situate on the back of the hand, near
its inner margin.  It begins on the posterior sur-
face of the fingers and dorsal surface  of the hand,
by a plexus, formed of a number of radicles, fre-
quently anastomosing  with  each other; it then
ascends to  the inner part of the forearm, where it
takes the name—poaterior cubital.  The ancients
7                SANABILIS

recommended this vein to be opened in certain
diseases, as in melancholic and hypochondriacal
affections; and they attributed to such abstraction
of blood considerable efficacy in the cure of dis-
ease : hence its name.
   SALVE, BLISTERING, Unguentum lyttas—
s. Eye,  Unguentum oxidi  zinci impuri — s. Eye,
Singleton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi
—s. Healing, Cerate of calamine.
   SAL'VIA, aS'. officina'lia seu horteu'aia seu vul-
ga'ria seu minor, Elelia'phacoa, (F.) Souge, Petite l
Sauge,  Thi d'Europe, The de France.  Family,
Labiatas.  Sex. Syat. Diandria Monogynia.   Sage
has a peculiar, aromatic odour, and a warm, aro-
matic, bitterish taste.  Its virtues  depend upon
an essential oil.   It  is tonic, stimulant, and car-
minative.  In the form of a weak infusion, it is
occasionally used as a diluent, and as a wash for
sore mouth.  Dose, gr. xv to xxx or more.
   Salvia Africa'na,  Wild Sage, a South Afri-
can species, has the same medical  properties as
Salvia.
   Salvia Colorata, Salvia.
   Salvia Hormi'num, Hormi'num, S. colora'ta,
Hormi'nnm  colora'tum seu aativum, (F.) Sauge-
hormin, of the Pharmacopoeias, is used in similar
cases.
   Salvia Hortensis, Salvia—s. Minor, Salvia—
s. Officinalis, Salvia.
   Salvia   Scla'rea, Sclarea,  Gallit'richum,
^Ethio'pie, Bieer'mae, Colua Jovia, Common Clary,
(F.) Sauge aclarie, Grande aauge, Orvale ou Toute-
bonne.  The leaves have  been recommended &e
corroborants  and anti-spasmodics.
   Salvia A'it^e, Asplenium ruta  muraria — s.
Vulgaris, Salvia.
   SAMBU'CUS,  Sabu'eua, Sambucu8 nigra, S.
vulga'ria, S. Arbo'rea, Acte, Infe'lix lignum; the
Elder, (F.) Sureau commun.  Family, Capparifo-
liaceae.   Sex.  Syat. Pentandria Digynia — (The
flower and bark were formerly called Cano'pum.)
The flowers, berries, and bark of the elder have
been used in medicine.  The flowers have been
reputed diaphoretic  and discutient: the berries,
aperient and  sudorific : the bark, purgative, and,
in small doses, deobstruent.  The  flowers are
sometimes used in fomentations, and to  form a
cooling  ointment.
   Sambucus  Arborea, Sambucus — s. Chamas-
acte, S.  ebulus.
   Sambucus  Eb'ulus,  Ebulus, Chamaac'te, Od'-
ocos, Sambucus Chamaac'te seu He'lion, Sambu-
cus hu'milia seu Herba'cea, Dwarf-elder,  Dane-
wort, (F.) Hieble.  The root, interior bark, leaves,
flowers, berries,  (Bacca seu  Grana Actea,) and
seeds have all been given  in  moderate doses as
resolvents and deobstruents; and in large doses
as hydragogues.  The berries of Sambucua Cana-
den'aie,  the Common  Elder of America, are made
officinal in the American Pharmacopoeia.
   Sambucus  Helion, Sambucus  ebulus—s. Her-
bacea, S. ebulus—s. Humilis, S. ebulus—s. Nigra,
Sambucus—s. Arulgaris, Sambucus.
   SAMI TERRA, Sa'mian Earth.   An argilla-
ceous earth,  found in the island of Samos, to
which were  ascribed virtues similar to those of
the Terra Lemnii.— Galen, Dioscorides.
   SAMIUS LAPIS.  A stone found in the Isle
of Samos, which  the ancients believed to be as-
tringent and refrigerant.
   SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maritimum.
   SAMPSON, BLACK, Echinacea purpurea.
   SAMPSU.CHUS. Thymus mastichina.
   SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majorana.
   SAMPSYCH'INON, Sampau'chinum. An oint-
ment composed of o-a/ivlii^ov;  which was perhaps
marjoram.— Dioscorides.
   SANABILIS, Curable.
7( 
SANABLE
768
SANITAS
  SANABLE, Curable.
  SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum.
  SANATIO, Curation, Cure.
  SANATIVE, Curative.
  SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
At the foot of the mountain San  Giuliano, a
league and a half from Pisa, are  several mineral
springs; temperature from 84° to 107° Fahr.
  The spring, Pozzetto, contains carbonic acid,
sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia; chlorides
of sodium and magnesium; carbonates of  lime
and magnesia;  argil and silica.— Santi.
  SAND,  see Gravel.
  SANDALUM CERULEUM, Guilandina mo-
ringa—"s. Rubrum,  Pterocarpus santalinus.
  SAN'D ARAC, Sandara'cha, Gum Ju'n iper, Gum
Sandarach, Pounce, Gummi Junip'eri, Sandara'-
ca, Ver nix eicca,  Reaina Junip'eri.   A  name
given, by  the Arabs,  to an  odorous resin, that
flows from the Thuya aphyl'la.  Family, Coni-
feras.  Sex. Syat. Monoecia Monadelphia.   It is
stimulant, like  all  the resins; but  is very little
used.
   SANDARACHA  GRiECORUM, Realgar.
   SAND-BLIND.   A defect of vision, in which
small particles  seem to fly before the eyes.   See
Metamorphopsia.
   SANDERS, see Saunders.
   SANDIVER, see Vitrum.
   SANDIX,  Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
   SANDYX, Plumbi  oxydum rubrum.
   SANG, Blood—a. Artiriel, Arterial blood — s.
Dragon, Rumex sanguineus—8. Dragon, see Ca-
lamus rotang —«.  Globulee  du,  Globules of the
blood—s.  Perte de, Hasmorrhagia.
   SANGAREE'.   AAlne  and water, sweetened
and  spiced.
   SANG LOT, Sob.
   SANGSUE, Hirudo.
   SANGUIDUCTUS  DUR.E MATRIS, Sinuses
of the dura mater.
   SANGUIFICATIO, Hasmatosis — s.  Debilior,
Hyphasmatosis.
   SANGUIFLUXUS, Hasmorrhagia — s. Uteri-
nus, Metrorrhagia.
   SANGUIMOTION, Circulation.
   SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory.
   SANGUIN, (Vaieaeau,) Blood-vessel.
   SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum
aviculare.
   SANGUINA'RIA, S. Canaden'eie seu acau'lia,
Bloodroot, Blood wort,  Puccoon, Red Puceoon, Red
Root, Indian Paint, Tur'meric.   Nat. Ord. Papa-
veraceas.  Sex. Syat. Polyandria Monogynia.  A
North American plant, the rhizoma and seeds of
which are used in  medicine.  They are  emetic.
Dose of the  powder, 8 to 20 grains.   They are
said  to reduce the velocity of the pulse,  like
digitalis.
   Sanguinaria, Polygonum aviculare.
   SANGUINE, Sanguin'eua, Songuino'aua, Ha-
mat'icua,  Hamato'dea, Hamate'rua, Hamati'nua,
Hamo'dea, Hamo'i'dea, Sanguineoua; (F.)  San-
guin.  Bloody, blood-like; having the colour of
blood, as 'a eanguine countenance.'  Relating to,
or containing blood—as ' sanguine temperament.'
Plethoric.
   SANGUINEA, Potassas nitras.
   SANGUINENESS, Plethora.
   SANGUINEOUS, Plethoric, Sanguine.
   SANGUINEUS, Sanguine.
   SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, Hasmorrhophesis
—s. Congestio, Congestion—s. Dissolutio, Hasma-
teclysis—s. Fluor, Haemoptysis—s. Fluor A'esicas,
 Cystqrrhagia—s.  Ictus, Apoplexy — s.  Missio,
 Blood-letting—s. Profluvium copiosum, Hasmor-
rhagia—s. Profluvium ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia—
 B. Stagnatio, Hasmostasis.
  SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinolen'lue,from san-
guis, ' blood.'  Tinged with blood.  An epithet
applied, particularly, to the sputa when so tinged.
Bloodv.
  SANGUINOSUS, Sanguine.
  SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis,  'blood,'
and  purgare,  'to cleanse.'  Purgation  of the
blood.   A name given by some authors to mild
fevers, from an idea that they purged the blood
of noxious matters.
  SANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm—s. Concretus, Coa-
gulum—s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang—s. Hirci
siccatus, see Blood—s. Menstruus, see Menses—
s. in UriniL, Hasmaturia.
  SANGUISOR'BA  CANADEN'SIS,  Canada
Burnett.  A tall indigenous plant—family, Ro-
saceas—with  white, sometimes  purple, flowers,
which  appear from August to  October.  It has
the same virtues as
  Sanguisor'ba  Officina'lis,  S.  car'nea seu
rubra,  Ital'ian  Pim'pinel,  Pimpinel'la  Ital'-
ica seu  officina'lis, (F.) Pimprenelle noire.  It
was formerly used as an astringent  and tonic, in
hemorrhages, dysentery, Ac.
  SANGUISUGA, Hirudo.
  SANGUISU'GUM.   A barbarous term, to de-
note too great an accumulation of  blood  in the
heart.— Bonetus.
  SANICLE,  Sanicula, S. Marilandica—s. Ame-
rican,  Heuchera  cortusa—s. de Mariland, Sani-
cula Marilandica—s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola  vul-
garis.
  SANICULA,  S. Europa'a  seu  ojficina'rum,
Astran'tia diapensia,  Cauca'lis Sanic'ula,  Cucul-
la'ta, Dodeca'theon, Sym'phytum petra'um, Sa-
nic'ula mas, Diapen'sia, D.  cortu'sa,  San'icle,
(F.) Toute-saine.   Family, Umbelliferas.   Sex.
Syst] Pentandria Digynia.  This herb  was for-
merly  used as a mild  astringent. It is bitterish,
and somewhat austere.
  Sanicula, Saxifraga granula—s. Eboracensis,
Pinguicola vulgaris—s. Europasa, Sanicula.
  Sanic'ula Marilan'dica,  San'icle, Ma'ryland
Sanicle, Black Snakeroot,  (F.) Sanicle de Mari-
land.  This indigenous plant grows in  marshes,
or  low and shaded ground.   It is  possessed of
tonic virtues ; and the powdered root is employed
in  popular practice as a favourite remedy in in-
termittent fever.   It has  been recommended,
also, in chorea.
   Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola  vulgaris — s.
 Officinarum, Sanicula.
   SANIDO'DES^SWo'tfes, 'resembling a board,'
from aavts, gen. aavtios, 'a board,' and ciSot, 're-
semblance.'  One whose thorax is  narrow, and,
as it were, contracted.
   SANIE, Sanies.
   SA'NIES,  Ichor, Tabum, Virus, Pus malig'-
num, P. corrosi'vum, (F.) Sanie.  A thin, serous
 fluid, presenting  some of the qualities of pus and
 blood, and commonly exhaled at the surface  of
 ulcers
   SANIODES, Sanidodes.
   SANIOSUS, Ichorous.
   SANIOUS, Ichorous.
   SAN'ITORY,  San'atory, Healing.  (F.) Sani-
 taire.  That which  relates to health, and  espe-
 cially to public health; as itablieeement 8anitaire;
 police eanitaire.
   SANITA'RIUM, Sanatorium;  from eanitae,
 ' health.'  A retreat selected for valetudinarians,
 in  consequence of its  salubrity.  Also,  an estab-
 lishment for the  treatment of the sick.
   SAN'ITAS, Hygie'o, Hyge'a, Hygian'aia, IIii-
 gi'aaia, Integ'ritoa, Proaper'itoa Voletu'dinia, Sti-
 lus,  Hygiei'a,  Voletu'do,  Valitu'do,   Valctit'do
 bona seu aecun'da seu com'moda, Hyge'i'a, Eitzo-
\ odyna'mia,  Health,   (F.)  Santi,  from  sanus 
SANITY
SAPO
'sound.'   Health has been defined,— a state, in
which all the functions are exerted with  regula-
rity and harmony.  A person may, however, be
in health, although certain functions are not per-
formed.  A blind man, for example, has health
when all his functions, except sight, proceed with
regularity.  Sanity is often used  for soundness
of mind.
   Sanitas, Cure.
   SANITY, Sanitas.
   SANKIRA, Smilax China.
   SANS  PAIRE, ( Veine,) Azygos vein.
   SANTA CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.)  This West
India island is frequently selected  as a winter re-
treat for the phthisical valetudinarian from  the
United States; but it does not seem  entitled to
any preference, in such cases, over the other isl-
ands of the AVest Indies, whilst its general salu-
brity is said to be less than that of many.
   SANTAL  BLANC,  Santalum album — s.
Rouge, Pterocarpus santalinus.
   SANTALUM,  see Pterocarpus santalinus.
   San'talum Album, S. cit'rinum seu pal'lidum
peu  myrtifo'lium, Sir'ium myrtifo'lium,  Yellow
Saunders,  (F.) Santal blanc.  Sex. Syst. Tetran-
dria Monogynia.   The virtues of the wood of the
white  saunders reside in  a volatile oil and resi-
nous principle.   The odour  is fragrant, and re-
sembles- a mixture of ambergris  and roses.  It
has been used as a stimulant and sudorific, but it
is not now employed.  The  saunders woods are
called, collectively, in French, Santaux.
   Santalum  Myrtifolium,  S. album—,s. Ru-
brum, Pterocarpus santalinus.
   SANTE, Sanitas.
   SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum.
   SAN'TONINE, San'tonin, Cinin.  A  peculiar
crystalline  substance  obtained  from  Artemisia
Santonica.  It possesses the anthelmintic pro-
perties of the plant.  Dose, five or six grains.
   SANTORFNI, FISSURES OF, (F.) Incieuree
ou Sciaaurca de  Santorini.   Clefts at the  upper
and back  part of the fibro-cartilaginous portion
of the external ear.
   Santorini, Tu'bercles op.  Small cartilagi-
nous projections at the top of the arytenoid car-
 tilages, which support the ligaments of the glottis.
 See Corniculum Laryngis.
   SANVE, Sinapis.
   SAP,  Sax. raepe,  (G.) S aft, Arbor um Succua
 seu Lympha,  (F.) Sice.  The circulating fluid of
 the vegetable, which corresponds  to the  blood of
 the animal.
   SAPA, see Rob.
   SAPHA'DA.  Paracelsus  has given this name
 to reddish scales adherent  to the hair in some
 eruptions of the hairy scalp.
   SAPILENA, Saphena.
   SAPIIE'NA, Sopha'na, from aatpijs, 'manifest,'
 'evident.'  (F.)  Saphhie. A name given  to two
 subcutaneous veins  of the  lower limb.  These
 are:  1.   The Great Saphena  A'ein,  Saphena
 interna, Tibio-malleolar, (Ch.,) (F.) Grande Veine
 Saphhie ou Saphene  interne.  Its radicles occupy
 the inner part of the great toe, and form a trans-
 verse arch on the back of the foot, which unites
 with  the  saphena externa,  and  receives at its
 convex part, which is turned forwards, a number
 of brnnehes coining from the toes.  These radi-
 cles, when unitetl, ascend before the inner ankle,
 and  form a trunk, the size of which is farther
 increased by several branches that proceed from
 the region of the tarsus, and that of the meta-
 tarsus.   This trunk ascends vertically  at  the
 inner part of the leg;  passes behind the inner
 condyle of the  femur; proceeds along the inner
 part of the thigh;  receives other subcutaneous
 veins, such as the abdominal subcutaneous, the
       49
external pudic, Ac, and passes through  the in-
ferior opening of the crural canal to empty itself
into  the  femoral  vein.   2. The LesseTi Vena
Saphena  or  Saphena  externa;   the  Peroneo-
malleolar  Vein of Chaussier,  (F.) Petite Veine
Saphine ou Saphene externe. commences by seve-
ral roots, which are spread over the dorsum and
outer side  of the foot,  and embrace  the outer
ankle.  Behind this, they unite  into a single
trunk, which ascends obliquely, approaching the
tendo Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards
the ham to open into the popliteal  vein.
  SAPHENE, Saphena.
  SAPHE'NOUS, Sajiheno'aua; from  Saphhie.
Of or belonging to the saphena.
  Saphenous Nerves  are two  in number, and
are  branches of the crural or femoral nerve.
They are "the ahort saphenous — nerrus cutaneous
internus; and the long saphenoua, — nervus cuta-
neous internus longus.
  The external saphenous, formed by  the union
of the communicans poplitei  and  communicans
peronei, passes down the leg by the side of the
external saphenous vein of the foot.
  SAPID, Sa'porotts, Sap'id us,  (F.) Saroureux.
Possessed  of sapidity.    Having  the  power  of
affecting the organs of taste.
  SAPID'ITY,  Sap>'idness, Saporos'ity, Sapor,
(F.)  Sapidite, from  sapere,  'to  taste.'   The
quality of bodies that gives them taste.
  SAPIN COMMUN, Pinus picea.
  SAPIN'DVS, S. Sapona'ria, Sapona'ria, Soap
 Tree, (F.) Savonnier commun.   The name of the
plant that  affords the  Soap  Nuts,  Sapona'ria
Nu'cula, Bac'ca  Bermuden'ses, Soap-berries,   A
spherical fruit about the  size of  a cherry, the
cortical part  of which  is yellow,  glossy, and  so
transparent as to show the spherical  black nut
that rattles within, and includes a white kernel.
The cortical part of this fruit, which has similar
effects with  soap in washing, has been recom-
mended in  chlorosis, and as a stomachic and
deobstruent.
   SAPO, Soap, Sax. Vape, Smegma, (F.) Savon.
A product obtained by  treating fatty bodies with
caustic alkalies dissolved in water. In the Phar-
macopoeia of the United  States, it means Soap
made with soda and olive  oil.
   Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, and
alkali.
   Castile Soap, being  made of fine olive  oil, is
generally used internally.  The yellow and soft
 soaps are the most stimulating; and are, conse-
 quently, best adapted  for particular  cutaneous
 eruptions.
   Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic; ex-
 ternally, it is  detergent and  stimulant.  Soapy
 water is used with the  greatest  success, in cases
 of poisoning  by  acids.   It is  mostly applied ex-
 ternally to  bruises and sprains.  In Pharmacy,
 it is used to favour the  solution of resins.
   Sapo Ac"idus, Acid  Soap, is a combination of
 a fixed oil with an acid.
   Sapo Ammoniacalis,  Linimentum  ammonias
 fortius—s. Ammonias oleaceus, Linimentum am-
 monias fortius — s. Amygdalinus, Sapo medicina-
 lis — s. Cacaotinus, Sapo coconeus — s. Calcarius,
 Linimentum  aquas calcis — s.  Castiliensis,   see
 Sap Medicinalis.
   Sapo Coco'neus, Soap of Cocoa-Nut Oil, S.
 caeaoti'nus, (F.) Savon de eacoa, has been much
 used in Germany in herpetic affections.
   Sapo Durus,  S. Hispanicus — s. Hispanicua,
 see S. medicinalis.
   Sapo Kalicis, S. Mollis.
   Sapo Liq'uidus, Liquid Soap,  Lotio sapmat'-
 cea, is a '.-o^iuelic which is composed of  olive  oil 
SAP ON AIRE
770
SARCOLOGIA
giv, ol. tartari per deliqnium ^ss.  Rub together,
and add aqua rosarum ^xij.
  Sapo* Medicina'lis, Medic"inal  Soap, Sapo
amygdali'iine, (F.) Savon midicinal, is made with
oil of sweet almonds and half its weight of caus-
tic alkali, or, like the Sapo Hiapani'cua seu Cae-
tilien'eie, Spanieh or  Caetile eoap,  Sapo durue,
(F.) Savon dur, of olive oil and soda.
  Sapo Mollis, Common or Soft Soap, S. vir'idia,
S. ni'ger, S. ka'licua, (F.)  Savon mon, Savon noir,
is made of potass and  oil or tallow.  The Sapo
vulgaria, or ' common soap' of the Pharm. U. S.
is made with  soda and animal oil.
  Sapo Niger, Black Soapi, Melanoameg'ma, is a
composition of train oil and an alkali: and Green
Soap, Sapo vir'idi8, of hempseed, linseed, or rape
oil, with an alkali.  See Sapo mollis.
  Sapo Ategetabilis, Pulvis gummosus alkali-
nus — s. A7iridis,  Sapo mollis — s. Vulgaris, see
Sapo mollis.
  SAPONA'CEOUS; Sapona'ceue; from Sapo,
'soap.'   Soapy.  Containing soap,  as Linimen-
tum soponaceum, Soap liniment.
  SAPONAIRE, Saponaria.
  SAPONA'RIA, from Sapo, 'soap.'  Soap-wort,
Bruiee-wort,  Stru'thium,  Lana'ria,  Lychnia ayl-
vea'tria, Ibix'uma, Bootia vulga'ria Lychnia offici-
no'lia, (F.)  Saponaire.   Family, Caryophylleos.
Sex. Syat. Decandria Digynia.  A  decoction of
the leaves of this plant has been recommended
in scrofula, cancer, old syphilis, cutaneous erup-
tions, jaundice, visceral obstructions, Ac.  It  is
hardly ever used.
   Saponaria, Sapindus saponaria.
   SAPONARLE NUCUL^E, see Sapindus sapo-
naria.
  SAPO'NEA, from Sapo, 'soap.'   A pectoral
medicine, prepared with sweetened syrup of vio-
lets, and oil of sweet almonds.
   SAPON'ULES,  Sapon'ula,   (F.)  Savonulea.
Same  etymon.  Combinations  of volatile or es-
sential oils with different bases.
  Acid Saponules are combinations of such oils
with different acids.
   SAPOR, Sapidity, Savour.
   SAPOROSITY, Sapidity.
   SAPOROUS, Sapid.
   SAPO'TA, Achraa Sapota seu auatra'lia seu
Zapota, Sapota alchras,  El niapero, Oval-fruited
Sapota, (F.) Sapotier, Sapotillier, Sajiotilla. Fam.
Sapoteas. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Digynia.  A tree
which grows in the Antilles, and particularly  at
St. Domingo.  Its fruit  is much esteemed.   It
resembles the marmalade of quinces;  and hence
has  been called natural  marmalade.  The seeds
make  an emulsion, which has  been given  in
nephritic affections.   The bark has been recom-
mended as a febrifuge.
   Sapota alchras,  Sapota.
   SAPOTIER, Sapota.
   SAPOTILLA,  Sapota.
   SA P 0 TILLIER,  Sapota.
   SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior.
   SAPROS,  Putrid, Rancid.
   SAPROS'TOMUS, from aairpos, 'foul, of a bad
odour,' and  aro/xa,  'mouth.'  One  who has an
offensive breath.
   SAPROTES, Putrefaction.
   SAR'APUS, Sarapoue.  One who has a large
foot; whose  toes are largely separated,  or whose
feet are much  asunder in walking; from aaipta,
' I grin,' and irovs, ' the foot.'  See Kyllosis.
   SARATO'GA,  MINERAL AVATERS OF. The
Saratoga springs in New York are ten  miles
north-east from  Ballston.  They  contain the
name ingredients as those of the  latter place;
and are much  frequented by visiters  from every
part of the United States.   The following analy-
sis has been given of the Congress spring.   In a
wine gallon — gaseoue contenta: carbonic acid,
311 cubic inches; atmospheric air, 7.   Solid con-
tenta.   Chloride  of sodium, gr.  385;  iodide  of
sodium, gr. 3.5 ; bicarbonate of soda, gr. 8.982;
bicarbonate of magnesia,  95.788;  carbonate of
lime,  98.098; carbonate of  iron,  5.075;  silica,
1.5; bromide  of potassium, a trace.   Total  gr.
597.943.—Steel.
  The  Walton or Iodine epring contains chlorido
of sodium, carbonate of magnesia,  and iodide of
sodium.
  SARCEPIPLOCELE, Sarcoepiplocele.
  SARCEPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  Sarcoepi-
plomphacele.
  SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS, Sarcoe'piplompha-
lus.
  SARCIDIUM, Caruncle.
   SARCINA, Foetus.
   Sar'cina Ventric'uli,  Sorcina, 'a pack, a
woolpack.'  A microscopic cryptogamous  plant
found in the fluid  of waterbrash.
   SARCION, Caruncle.
  SARCITES,  Anasarca—s.  Flatuosus,  Em-
physema.
   SARCITIS, Myositis.
   SARCOCE'LE, Hernia camo'ea, Scirrhus Tea-
tic'uli, from oapi;, 'flesh,' and 707X17, 'a'tumour;'
Sarco'ma ecroti, (F.) Hemic charnue.  Scirrhus
or  cancer  of the testicle.  This disease  affects
adults particularly; and appears most commonly
after  an inflammatory swelling of the testicle.
Sometimes  it is  dependent  upon a blow;  at
others, it makes its appearance without any ap-
preciable cause.   It  is well known  by a hard,
heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling  of the testicle,
which is, at first,  slightly, or not  at  all painful,
and merely causes an unpleasant traction on the
spermatic  cord.  There is no heat or change of
colour of the skin; the spermatic cord is swollen,
and participates in the affection; very painful
shootings  occur;  the lymphatic  glands  of  the
abdomen become swollen,  and form  a tumour,
which may, at times, be felt through the  abdo-
men ;  and the patient, at length, dies with every
sign of the cancerous diathesis.  The prognosis
is very unfavourable.  The only means, indeed,
that can save life is the extirpation of the testicle.
   SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.) Colle-ehair,  from crap?,
'flesh,' and xoXXa, 'glue.'   A resinous matter, ob-
tained from Pena'a  Sarcocol'la, P. mucrona'ta,
and other species  of Penasa.  An  African shrub,
which has been so called  from a belief that it
facilitates the consolidation of flesh.   It is in the
form of small, oblong, semitransparent globules,
of a yellowish or reddish blue, and  smells like
aniseed.  It was once employed as an astringent
and detergent.
   SARCODES, Carneous.
   SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE, Sarcepiploce'le,  from
<rapf, 'flesh,'  tirnrXoov, 'the  epiploon,' and  xnXtj,
'a tumour.'  Epiplocele,  complicated with  sar-
coma or sarcocele.
   SARCOE PI P L 0 M'PHALUS, Sarcepiplom'-
phahi8, Sarcepiplomphaloce'le, from  oap%, ' flesh,'
EiriirAooi', ' the epiploon,' and ojupaXos,  ' the navel.'
 Umbilical hernia, formed  by scirrhous epiploon
or complicated with sarcoma.   *
   SARCOHYDROCELE,  Hydro-sarcocele.
   SARCOLEM'MA, Sarcole'ma,  from  capt,
'flesh,' and Xcpjia, 'a coat.'  The sheath  which
 surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form a fibre.
 It is quite distinct from the areolar  membrane
that binds the  fibres into  fasciculL — Bowman.
 See Pervmisium.
   SARCOLOGIA, Myology. 
SARCOLOGY
771
     SARCOL OGY, Sarcolog"i„, from aap\, 'flesh,' I
   and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The part of anatomy
   wh.ch treats of the soft parts.  It comprises my-
   ology, angiology, neurology, and  splanchnology.
     SARCO'MA,  Em/.hy'ma  Sarcoma,  Sarcom',,-
   tous tumour, Sarco'aia, Porrua, Sarcophy'io, Ecaar-
   co ma, Exearco'ma, Tumor car'neue,  Exereecen'tia
   carnosa,  Iol'ypus carno'sus, from  aapi, 'flesh.'
   Any species of excrescence  having  a fleshy con-
   sistence.                                J
     Sarcoma,  Carcinomatous, Scirrhus — s Cer-
   cosis, see Cercosis —s. Epulis, Epulis —s. Mas-
   toid, Mammary sarcoma —s. Medullare, see En-
   cephaloid— s.  Medullary Encephaloid,  Hasma-
   todesfungus —s. Pulpy, Hasmatodes fungus — s
   bcroti, Sarcocele.
    Sarcoma,  Common Vascular  or Organized
  of Abernethy, Emphy'ma Sarcoma  Vasculo'sum,
  is  vascular  throughout: texture  simple:  when
  bulky, napped  on the surface  with arborescent


    SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous.
    SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous.
  - ^AR^Mc!AT0US'   Sarcomato'sua, Sarcoma-
  to dee (b.) harcomateux.  Belonging to, or having
  the characters of sarcoma.
    SARCOMPHALUM, Sarcomphalus.
    S A R C 0 M' PIIA L U S,  Sarcom'phalum, from
  irapf,  flesh,' and o^aXos, 'the navel.'  A scir-
  rhous or fleshy tumour, developed  at the navel.
    SARCOMA'CES, Sarcospongus.
    SARCOPHAGUS. Carnivorous,  Catheretic
    SARCOPIIA'IA, Excrescence, Sarcoma.
   SARCOPTE, Acarus.
   SARCOPTES SCABIEI, see Psora.
   SARCOPYO'DES, from   ™P£  'flesh,'  irvov,
   pus,  and tt&os, 'resemblance.'  Having the ap-
  pearance  of pus  mi.vd with flesh.  An epithet
  given  to  certain excreted matters, and particu-
  larly to the sputa of those labouring under  con-
  sumption.
   SARCO'SIS, from o-apf, 'flesh.' The formation
  of flesh.   Also, sarcoma.
   Sarco'sis  Bulbi, Exophthal'mia fungo'ea seu
  sarcomat'ica.  A fleshy growth  from the lobe of
  the eye.
   Sarcosis Uteri, Metrauxe.
   SARCOSPONG'US,  Sarcomy'cee,  from  capt,
  ' flesh,' and airoyyos, ' fungus.' A fleshy  fungus.
   SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteo-sarcoma.
   SARCOTIC, Incarnans.
 _ SARCOUS,  from cap?, 'flesh.'  Of, or belong-
 ing  to, flesh or muscle —as 'sarcous tiaeue.'
   Sarcous Elements, Prim'itive par'tides. The
 elementary particles, which, by their union, form
 the mass of muscular fibre. — Bowman.
   SARDIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardonicns.
   SARDONIASIS,  Canine laugh,  Risus sardo-
 nicus.
   SARE, Essera.
   SARRASIN, Polygonum fagopyrum.
   SARRETE, Trismus infantum.
   SARRIETTE, Satureia hortensis—s. de Crlte,
 Satureia capitata.
   SARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
   SARSAPARILLA, Smilax  S. —s. False, Ara-
lia nudicaulis.
   Sarsaparil'la  German'ica,  Gramen major,
 G. rubrum. Salsaparil'la Germanica, Carex Are-
na'ria, (F.) Laiche, L. des Sables,  Salsepareille
d'Allemagne.  Family, Cyperoideas.  Sex.  Si/st.
Monouia Triandria.   A plant, which grows plen-
tifully on the sea-coasts of Europe.  It has been
recommended in som'e mucous affections of the
trachia, in  rheumatism, gout, Ac.
SATYRIASIS
     SARtIf-ARIT fT^i Hemides™s Adieus.
     oAitiAr-ArUljljA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
     SARTO'RIUS, from sartor, ' a tailor,' because
   used  in  crossing the legs.  Suto'rius, Lonais'si-
   mus Fem'oris, Foscia'Ha, F. Longua seu auto'riua,
   (1<.) 11 lo-creati-tibial, Ilio-pritibial (Ch.), Coutn
   rier.  A muscle, situate at the anterior part of
   the thigh.   It is long, small, and flattened, and
   extends, obliquely, from the anterior and superioi
   spine of the ilium to the superior and inner part
   of the tibia. This muscle can, also, bend the pel-
   vis on the thigh, and conversely.
     SARX, Flesh, Pulp.
     SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
     SASSAFRAS, Laurus  sassafras — s. Medullas
  see Laurus  sassafras—s. Radicis cortex, see  Lau-
  rus sassafras — s. Swamp, Magnolia glauca.
    SATELLITE, Satellee.  That which guards.
  lhat which is  placed near.
    Satellite Veins  are  those  that accompany
  arteries.
    SATHE,  Penis.
    SATIES, Satiety.
    SATIETAS, Plesmone.
    SATI'ETY,  Sati'etae, Satu'ritae, Sa'ties,  Sa-
  tura tio, Plethoa, Plcemone, from  aatiare  (itself
  from eatia, ' enough'), ' to give enough.'  Disgust
  for food ; commonly produced by repletion.
    SATIN, Lunaria rediviva.
    SATURANS, Absorbent (medicine).
    SATURATIO, Satiety,  Saturation.
    SATURATION,  Sotura'tio, from  aatia,
   enough.'   The state  of a compound in which its
  elements are combined in such proportions  that
  a fresh quantity of either cannot be added with-
  out producing excess.
    SATUREI'A CAPITA'TA,  Cil'ioted Sa'vory,
  1 hymns, Thymus sylves'tris seu capita'tns, Thy-
  mus Cret'ieue,  Cuni'la, (F.) Sarriette de  Crite
  Possesses similar properties to thyme.
    Saturei'a Horten'sis,  Satureia, S. sati'va,
  Cum la sativa  Plin'ii, Thymbra,  Summer Sa'-
  vory,  (F.)  Sarriette.  Family,  Labiatas.  Sex
  Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia.  An  aromatic
  plant,  cultivated for culinary purposes.   It  has
  been used, as an excitant, in anorexia, anaphro-
  disia, Ac.
   Satureia Origanoides, Cunila mariana—s.
  Sativa, S. hortensis.
   SATURITAS, Satiety!

   cA^™TIT^L0EI)0' Plumbi  ^peracetas.
   SATURNINE,  Saturni'nua,  from  saturnue,
  lead.   Containing or caused by lead.
   Sat'urni.ne Breath.  The peculiar odour of
 the breath in one labouring under Saturnismus
   SATURNISM'US, Intoxica'tio seu Cachex'ia
 saturni'na, from eaturnua, 'lead.'  Poisonin°-  by
 lead ; lead-poisoning;  saturnine cachexv
   SATURNUS. Plumbum.
   SATYRI'ASIS, from  "Zarvpos,  'a Satyr-' be-
 cause the  Satyrs are said  to have  been greatly
 addicted to  venery.  Satyriaa'mue, Satyria'mua
 Priapia'mua,   Salac"itoa,  Brachu'na, Araa'con
 Sityri oaiafurena, Lagne'aia Soloc"itas, Laqneiis
 furor masculi'niis, Lagne'a, Lagni'a, Laqno'aia,
 Laacrv to, Laaciv'itoa, Tenti'qo vere'tri  An irre
 sistible  desire,  in man,  to  have frequent  con-
 nexion with females, accompanied by the power
 of doing so without exhaustion.  The cau=e« are
 commonly  obscure.  Sometimes,  the abuse  of
 aphrodisiacs  has occasioned  it.   The principal
 symptoms are :-almost constant erection ; irre .
sistible  and almost insatiable desire for venery,
frequent nocturnal pollutions.  Cold lotions : the
cold bath;  a mild diet; active exercise. Ac, are
the only means that  can  be adopted for its re-
moval.
  Satyriasis Furens, Satyriasis. 
SATYRIASMUS
772
SCALE
  SATYRIASMUS, Satyriasis.
  SATYRION, Orchis mascula.
  SATYRISMUS, Satyriasis.
  SATYRIUM, Goodyera pubescens.
  SAUCE-ALONE, Alliaria.
  SAUCE, GREEN, Rumex scutatus.
  S A U E R  K R A U T (G.),  ' sour cabbage,' (F.)
Chou-croiite.  A .culinary preparation, made with
chopped cabbage,  left to attain an incipient state
of acetous fermentation.  It is  reputed by the
Germans to  be salubrious, easy of digestion, and
eminently antiscorbutic.
  SAUGE, Salvia — 8. dea Boia, Teucrium scor-
dium — a. Grande, Salvia sclarea — 8. Hormin,
Salvia,  horminum — a. de Jeruaalem, Pulmonaria
— 8.  Petite, Salvia — 8. Sclarie,  Salvia sclarea.
  SAULE, Salix.
  SAUMURE, Muria.
  SAUNDERS, RED, Pterocarpus santalinus—
s. Tree, Pterocarpus santalinus—s. Yellow, San-
talum album.
  SAURA, Lizard.
  SAURU'RUS CER'NUUS, Lizard's Tail. In-
digenous; Order,  Saururaceas; flowering in June.
It has  been  used in lumbago.
  SAUSAGE POISON, Allantotoxicum.
  SAUT, Leap.
  SA UVE- VIE,  Asplenium ruta muraria.
  SAVEUR, Savour..
  SAVINE, Juniperus sabina.
  SA VINIER, Juniperus sabina.
  SAVON,  Sapo — s. Ammoniacal, Linimentum
ammonias fortius — s. Cacao, Sapo coconeus — «.
Calcaire, Linimentum aquas calcis—a. Dur, Sapo
durus—s. Medicinal, Sapo medicinalis—s. Mou,
Sapo mollis—s. Noir, Sapo  mollis.
  SAVONNIER  COMMUN,   Sapindus  sapo-
naria,
  SAVONULE, Saponulus.
  SAVONULUS, Saponulus.
  SAA'ORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata —s.
Summer, Satureia hortensis.
  SA'\TOUR, Sapor, Taste, (F.)  Saveur. Quality
of bodies, by which they act upon the sense  of
taste.  Chymists, at times,  avail themselves  of
this  quality  to analyze an unknown substance.
  SA VO UREUX, Savoury.
  SA'VOURY, Sap'idus, (F.)  Savoureux.  An
epithet given to  bodies that  have  taste; and
particularly  to those that excite a very agreeable
impression on the organ of taste.
  SAVOYAN, Galium verum.
  SAAV, Prion, Serra, (Da.) Sawe, (Sax.) raja,
(F.)  Scie.  A surgical  instrument, made like  a
common saw; and used  for sawing the bones in
amputations, or for removing exostoses, Ac. Saws
of different sizes and shapes are used in surgery.
The  crown of the trepan is nothing more than  a
species of circular saw.
  Saw, Amputa'tion, Serra amputato'ria.  The
saw  used in amputation.
  Saw, Hey's. An instrument used by Mr. Hey,
of Leeds, in  fractures of the cranium.  It consists
of a long handle, to which  a  small  saw with a
convex or straight edge is attached, and by which
a,  piece of bone of any shape  may be removed.
AVith the trephine, the  saw must always be cir-
cular.
   SAW PALMETTO, Chamasrops serratula—s.
Wort,  Liatris.
   SAXIFRAGA,  Pimpinella saxifraga — s. An-
glica, Peueedanum silaus.
   Saxip'raga Crassifo'lia.   Family, Saxifra-
gese.  Sex. Syat.  Decandria Digynia.  The root
of this species of saxifrage has  been  extolled  by
Pallas, as pre-eminently antiseptic.
   Saxifraga Granula'ta, S.  alba, Sanic'ula,
Sedum, White aax'ifrage, (F.) Saxifrage granulie.
Recommended as diuretic and lithontviptic; but
not used.
  Saxifraga  Rubra,  Spirasa filipendula — s.
Vulgaris, Peueedanum silaus.
  SAXIFRAGE, BURNET, Pimpinella saxifraga
—s. Granulie, Saxifraga granulata—s. Meadow,
Peueedanum silaus — s.  AVhite, Saxifraga gra-
nulata.
  SAXIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic.
  SAXON'ICUS PULVIS. A powder, prepared
with the roots of the wild  and cultivated ange-
lica;  the asclepias vincetoxicum,  Ac.   It was
considered formerly as an antidote.
  SCAB, from Sca'bies, and acabere, ' to dig.' An
incrustation, which forms upon  a  sore, owing to
the concretion of  the fluid discharged  from it.
An eschar.
  SCABBY or SCABBED.   Covered.or diseased
with scabs.
  SCABIES,  Psora — s. Agria, Lichen — s. Ca-
pitis,  Porrigo lupinosa,  Porrigo  scutulata—s.
Capitis  favosa,  Porrigo  favosa — s.  Fera,  Ec-
thyma.
  Sca'bies Feri'na, Itch of animals, Mange.  A
cutaneous disease, which affects  almost  all do-
mestic animals, but especially  the horse, sheep,
dog, and cow. It is said to have been transmitted
to man ; but this is questionable.
  Scabies Ferina,  Psoriasis — s. Papuliformis,
Prurigo—s. Sicca, Lichen,  Psoriasis—s. Venerea
contagiosa, Scherlievo.
  SCAB IE USE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa.
  SCABIOLA, Scabies.
  SCABIO'SA,  S. arven'sis, Tri'chera arven'eis,
Field Sca'biom, (F.) Scobieuse ordinaire.  Fa-
mily,  Dipsaceas.  Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogy-
nia.  The plant is bitter  and sub-astringent, and
was formerly  used in the  cure of leprous affec-
tions  and diseased lungs.
  Scabiosa Arvensis, Scabiosa—s.  Carduifolia,
Echinops.
  Scabiosa Succi'sa, Succiaa, S. praten'sis, Aste-
roceph'alus  succisa,  Morsus Diab'oli, Devil's bit,
(F.) Mors du Diable, has similar properties.
  SCABIOUS, Erigeron  Philadelphicum —s.
Field, Scabiosa—s. Sweet,  Erigeron  heterophyl-
lum.
  SCABISH,  Oenothera  biennis.
  SCABRITIES, Lichen.
  SCALA, ' a ladder.' A machine formerly used
for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
  ScALvE of the Coch'Lea, Gyri seu Ductus spi-
ra'les seu Cana'les cochlea,  (F.) Rampes ou
Echellea du Limacon ■— are the cavities  in  the
cochlea, separated from  each other by the spiral
septum.   The one — Scala  inter'na seu poate'rior
seu inferior coch'lea, S. tym'pani — would com-
municate with the cavitas tympani by the fenes-
tra rotunda, were it  not for the membrane that
closes it.   The other — Scala exter'na seu ante'-
rior seu euperior  coch'lea, S. vestib'uli — opens
into the cavity of the vestibule.  The scalas com-
municate with each other  by an opening at the
top of the partition.
   Scala  Anterior  Cochlea, see  Scala — s.
Clausa, see  Scala—s. Externa cochleae, see Scala
—s. Inferior cochleas, see Scala—s. Interior coch-
leae,  see Scala — s. Posterior cochleas, see Scala
—  s. Superior cochlea',  see Scala — s. Tympani,
see Cochlea, and Scala—s. Vestibuli, see Coch-
lea, and Scala.
   SCALE,  Sax. fcale, from fcylan,  'to divide,
separate ;' (G.) S chale, ' shell, peel;' schalen,
'to shell, to peel.'  Squan\a, Lepia, (F.)  Esca'dle,
Ecaille.  An opake and  thickened  lamina  of
cuticle; commonly produced by some degree  of 
                  SCALENE

inflammation of tho true skin, over which it is
formed.
  Scale, Dry, Psoriasis.
  SCALENE ANTERIEUR, Scalenus anticus
—a. 1'ostirienr, Scalenus posticus.
  SCALE'NUS,  'irregular or unequal.'  Geo-
meters employ this word to designate a  triangle
whose three sides are unequal.  Anatomists have
given  tho  name  to two muscles.  1. Scalenus
Anti'cus, Portion  of the Coato-trachelian (Ch.),
(F.) Scalene anterieur, is situate at the  internal
and inferior parts  of the  neck.  It is long and
triangular;  and is  inserted, below, at the upper
surface of  the first rib;  and, above, at the ante-
rior tubercle of the transverse  processes of  the
3d, 4th, 5th, and  6th cervical  vertebras.  This
muscle bends the neck, and draws it to its side.
It can also raise the first rib.  2. Scalenus Pos-
ti'cus,  (F.)  Scalane poatirieur,  Portion of  the
Costo-trachcliaii (Ch.), is situate behind the last.
It is, also, long and triangular;  but more bulky
than the S.  anticite. It is attached, below, to  the
outer surface of the first two ribs; and terminates,
above, at tho summit of  the transverse processes
of the last six vertebras of the nedk.  This mus-
cle bends the neek laterally, and  can elevate  the
first two ribs.   Some anatomists, as Albinus and
Sommoring, have described five  scaleni  muscles
on each side, and have called them Scalenus prior,
S. min'imus, S. latera'lis, S. me'dius, S.posti'cus.
Riolan and Chaussier only describe one scalenus
muscle on each side. Co'wper and Douglas, and
the generality of the English  anatomists, admit
three, S. anti'cus, me'dius, and posti'cus;  or, pri-
mus, seeuu'dus, and  ter'tius; AVinslow, Boyer, and
many of tho French anatomists, — two, as above
described.
  SCALING—same etymon as Scale—in dentis-
try, is an operation, which consists in removing
the tartar from the  teeth.
  SCALL,  Impetigo—s. Asbestos, see Eczema of
the hairy  scalp — s. Dry, Psoriasis—s.  Honey-
comb, Porrigo favosa—s. Milky, Porrigo  larvalis
—s. Running, Impetigo—s. Running, Eczema—
s. AVasherwoman's,  Psoriasis diffusa,
  SCALLED  HEAD, Porrigo scutulata.
  SCALP, Teut. S c h e 1 p e , 'a shell.'   The in-
teguments  covering the  head.   The hairy scalp
is called, also, Capillit" ium, Tricho'ton, (F.) Che-
velure.
  SCALPEL, Scalpel'lum, Scalpel'lus,   Culter,
Inciso'rium, Smi'leon;  from scalpo,  'I  rasp, I
cut.'  A cutting  instrument, formed of  a blade
of well-tempered steel, very sharp, of variable
shape and size, and fixed solidly in a handle.  Its
use is to divide the soft parts in  operations, dis-
section, &c.
  SCALPELLUM, Scalpel—s. Lenticulare, Pha-
copis.
  SCALPELLUS, Bistouri, Scalpel.
  SCALPEUM, Bistouri.
  SCALPRUM, Raspatorium — s. Chirurgicum,
Lancet.
  Scalprum Denta'rium,  Lima  denta'ria.   A
tooth-file.  A file used by the dentist.
  Scalprum Rasoiuum, Raspatorium.
  SCALY, Squamous.
  Scaly Diseases or Squamae, Lepido'ses, form
the second  order in  AVillan and Bateman's system
of cutaneous diseases.
  SCAMMA, Fossa.
  SCAMMO NEE  D'ALEP, Convolvulus scam-
monia.
  SCAMMONIUM, see Convolvulus scammonia
__s< Svriacum,  Convolvulus scammonia.
  SCAMMONY,  Convolvulus scammonia—s. of
Montpellier, Cynanchum Monspeliacum.
3                SCAPHOID

  SCAMNON HIPPOC'RATIS. Bathron Hippo-
crati'on of Galen, (F.) Banc d'Hijipocrate.   A
machine invented by  Hippocrates  for reducing
fractures.   It was a sort of bed, six feet long, on
which  the patient was fixed.   Straps were  at-
tached above and below the fracture or luxation,
and extension and counter-extension were effected
by a winch.  It is described in Galen, Oribasius,
Scultetus, Ac  See Bathron.
  SCANDIX, S. cerefolium.
  Scandix Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum.
  Scandix  Cerefo'lium,  Scandix,  Scandyx,
Pecten  Ven'eris, Cerefolium,  Daucus Seprin'ius,
Gliarophyl'Ium, Ch. Sati'vum  seu Cerefo'lium,
Anthris'eus  cerefolium, Charefo'lium,  Chervil,
(F.)  Cerfeuil.   Family, Umbellifera>.  Sex. Syat.
Pentandria Digynia.   A culinary herb, which is
slightly aromatic and grateful.   It is said to be
gently aperient and diuretic.
  Scandix Odora'ta, Sweet Cic"ely.  Properties
the  same as  the other.   Also, Chasrophyllum
odoratum.
  SCANDULARIUS MUSCULUS, Parathenar,
Transversus pedis.
  SCANDYX,  Scandix cerefolium.
  SCAPHA, Scaphua, ' a skiff or cock-boat,' from
oxairria,  ' I make hollow.'   The excavation  or
cavity of the  external ear, between the helix and
anthelix.  The  meatus  auditorius externus.   The
rima vulvas.  Also the  name of a bandage for the
head, mentioned  by Galen, and  called, likewise,
Tholna  Diocle'na.
  SCAPHIA, Nates.
  SCAPHION, Cranium, Papaver (Capsule).
  SCA'PHIUM OCULA'RE, Pelvia  Ocula'ris,
Eye-glaaa, (F.) Boaain oculnire, Gondole oeuloire,
QZilltere.   A small porcelain, glass or  metallic
vessel, used for applying lotions to the eye.
  SCAPHO - CARPO - SUPER- PHALANGEUS
POLLICIS, Abductor pollicis brevis.
  SCAPHOID, Scapho'i'des, from axatpv,  'a skiff,'
and ciSos, ' form.'  A name given to several parts.
  Scaphoid Fossa, Fossa  Scapho'i'des, (F.) En-
foncement  Scaphoide.   A  small cavity at the
upper part of the internal ala of the pterygoid
process, in'which the peristaphylinus internus is
attached.
  Scaphoid Bone of the  Hand, Os Scaphoides
Mantia,  Oa navicula're, Oa cymbifor'me, Boot-like
bone, (F.) Scaphoide de la main.  The first bone
of the first row of the carpus.  The upper  sur-
face  is  convex, and  articulated with the radius.
The  under and outer surfaces are also convex,—
to be articulated with the trapezium and trape-
zoides.  Between the upper and under cartilagi-
nous surfaces there is a, rough foaaa for the inser-
tion  of the capsular ligament.   The anterior and
inner surface has an oval cavity, where it is arti-
culated  with the os magnum, which gives name
to the bone.  There is  a proceae  on the outer end
of the bone, for the attachment of part of the an-
terior transverse ligament of  the wrist.
  Scaphoid  Bone of  the Foot, Oa Scaphoides
Pedia, Oa navicula're,  Oa cymbifor'me, Boat-like
bone, (F.) Scaphoide du Pied.  This bone is si-
tuate at the forepart of the astragalus  and innei
part of  the foot.  The poaterior aurfaee  forms a
cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, for receiving
the head of the astragalus.  There is  a promi-
nence at the inner side of the bone, for the inser-
tion  of  tendons, muscles, and strong  ligaments.
The  forepart  of the bone is convex, and  divided
into  three articular surfaces for articulation with
the ossa cuneiformia.  Between the os naviculare
and astragalus, the foot has its principal lateral
and  rotary motions; although each of the other
7 
SCAPHOfDE
774
SCARLATINA
joints of the tarsus contributes a little.  Part of
the tibialis posticus is inserted into it.
  SCAPHOIDE DE LA MAIN, Os scaphoides
mantis—s. du Pied. Os scaphoides pedis.
  SCAPHOIDO-ASTRAG'ALAN,  Scaphoido-
aatragala'nua.   That which relates  to  the  sca-
phoid bone and astragalus.   The articulation of
these bones is so called;  and the ligament which
strengthens it is termed the Scapho'ido-aatragalan
ligament.
  SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID,  Scaphoido-cubdida''-
ue.   That which relates to the scaphoid and cu-
boid bones.  The articulation of those bones is
so called.
  SCAPHULA, Navicularis fossa.
  SCAPHUS,  Auditory  canal,  external,  Rima
vulvas, Scapha.
  SCAP'ULA, Scap'ulum, Plata, Omopla'ta, Ho-
moplata, Scop'tula, Epino'tion, Latitu'do hu'meri,
 Omop'late, Os  latum  hu'meri,  Scutum thora'cia
seu cordis, Spath'ula,  Pteryg'ium,  Chelo'nium,
Spat'ula; the Blade-bone, the Shoulder-blade,
(F.) Omoplate.   An irregular,  broad, flat bone,
of a triangular shape, situate at the posterior part
of  the shoulder.   It has, 1. A posterior or dorsal
surface or Dorsum,  Testu'do scap'ula, divided
transversely into two parts, by a triangular pro-
 cess, called Spine of the  Scapula;  which termi-
nates  by a considerable eminence,  called Acro-
mion.  Above  the spine, is the Fossa supra-api-
 nata ; below it, the F. infra-apinata.   2. An an-
 terior or  costal  surface, or  venter,  forming the
 Foasa subscapularis.  3. A  superior or cervical
 edge, which is  thin, and terminates, anteriorly, by
 a strong, curved  apophysis, called  the coracoid
 process.  4.  A posterior or vertebral edge, called,
 also, the base.  5. An  outer or axillary or infe-
 rior edge, having a thick,  truncated  angle, in
 which is the glenoid cavity.  AVith this is articu-
 lated the head  of the  humerus.   The  glenoid
 cavity is separated from the body of the bone by
 a narrower part, called  the  cervix or neck.   The
 edges or  margins are,  also, called costa.  The
 scapula has three angles—an inferior, superior,
 and anterior.
    Scapula, Humerus.
    Scapula  Nasi, Partes latera'les nasi.  The
 lateral parts of the nose.
    SCAPULAL'GIA;  from  scapula, 'the shoul-
 der-blade,' and aXyos, ' pain.'  Arthralgia of the
 shoulder-joint.
    SCAP'ULAR,  Seap'ulary,  Scapula'ris, from
 scapula,  'the  shoulder-blade.'   That  which re-
 lates or belongs to the scapula.
    Scapular Aponeurosis.  A broad, thin apo-
 neurosis,  with decussating  fibres;  which  is at-
 tached, above, to the spine of the scapula;  below,
 to a crest between the teres major and infra-spi-
 natus; within, to the spinal edge of the scapula;
 and which,  at its  middle, unites with the thin
 aponeurosis that covers a part of the external
 surface of the deltoid.
    Scapular  Arteries.   These  are  several.
 0. The Superior  scapular,  Superficial scapular
 of Sommering, Doraa'lia acopula euperior, Trana-
 verao'lia acapnia,  T. Hu'meri.  This arises from
 the subclavian; and often from the inferior thy-
 roid, or from a trunk common  to it and the poa-
 terior acapulor or tranaveree acapular or cervical.
 It passes behind the  clavicle, above the superior
 edge of the scapula, and buries itself between the
 dorsal surface of that  bone and the muscles in-
 serted into it.  b.  The inferior acapular or com-
 mon acapular  or internal acapular or eubecapular
 artery, A. Thorac"ica axilla'ria vel ala'rie, is of
 considerable size. It arises from the inferior part
 of the axillary artery, behind the brachial plexus
 -  -gives ofi several branches to the armpit, and
divides into two branches :—tho one, Scapula'rii
interna, and the smaller of the two, is distribu-
ted, almost entirely, to  the serratus major anti-
cus,  and latissimus dorsi;  tho other, the larger
of the two, the Doraa'li8  Scap'ula  inferior vel
Circumflex'a  Scapula'ria,  which  distributes  its
branches to the subscapular  and  supra-spinal,
and infra-spinal regions.
  Scapular Notch, see Notch, scapular.
  Scapular A^eins follow the same course as the
arteries, which they accompany.
  SCAPULARE, Scapulary.
  SCAP'ULARY,  Scapula're, Fa8cia  Scapula'-
ria, from acapnia.   A broad, linen bandage, divi-
ded into two tails for three quarters of its length,
the undivided extremity of which is attached  to
the posterior and middle part of a bandage car-
ried round the body;  the tails passing over the
shoulders; and being  attached to  the anterior
part  of the body  bandage, to prevent  it from
slipping down.
   SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL.  An epithet given
to the ehoulder-joint.  It is an orbicular articula-
tion,  resulting from the reception of the  head of
the humerus into  the glenoid cavity of  the sca-
pula.  To keep the bones in connexion, there
are :  1. A very strong, conoidal capsular liga-
ment; passing from the circumference of the gle-
noid  cavity around the  neck of the humerus.  2.
A fibro-cartilaginous ring, called the glenoid liga-
ment, and a synovial capsule.
   SCAPULO-HUMERAL, Teres major—a. Hu-
miro-olecranien, Triceps extensor cubiti—a. Hy-
 o'idien, Omohyoideus — a.  Radial, Biceps flexor
 cubiti—s.  Trochitirien, grand, Infra-spinatus.
   SCAPUS, Penis, see Hair.
   SCAR,  Cicatrix.
   Scar,  Seam.   To mark with  a cicatrix or
 seam.
   SCARAB^O'LUS HEMISPHiERICUS, Coc-
 cus cacti.
   SCAR'BOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS.OF.
 Scarborough  Spa.  A  celebrated  English chaly-
 beate, at Scarborough, in Yorkshire.  One of the
 springs is a  simple, carbonated chalybeate, like
 that of Tunbridge : the other has an admixture
 of purging salt.   Scarborough, having the addi-
 tional  advantage  of sea-bathing, is  much fre-
 quented by invalids.
   SCARDAMYG'MUS, Scardamyx'ia, (F.) Clig-
 nement, from  oKapiaptvaativ, 'to wink.'  AVinking,
 nictation.
   SCARIFICA'TION,  Scarifica'tio  (Galen,)
 Amyx'ie,  Schaaia,  Catacaa'mua,  Cotacliaa'miia,
 Amyg'mus, Schasm.ua, Encharax'i8, from axapitpao-
 pat,  ' to make a slight  scratch.'  The  act of sca-
 rifying.   Also, a  small incision, Am'yche, made
 into the skin with a lancet, bistoury, or scarifica-
 tor,  for different  therapeutical purposes,—as to
 draw blood, or to  discharge some  effused fluid.
 AVhen the scarifications are very superficial, and
 do not go farther than the skin, they are termed
 by the French, Mouchetures.
   SCARIFICATOR,  Scarificato'rium,  Schaste'-
 rium.  An instrument for making scarifications.
 It consists  of a small brass box, of a cubical
 shape, in which 10 or  12 lancet points turn upon
 a common pivot.    By  means of a spring, all these
 blades can  be made  to issue at once, and make
 as many  scarifications.
    SCARIFICATORIUM, Scarificator.
    SCARIOLA, Cichorium ondivia, Lactuca  sca-
  riola. "
    SCARIOLE, Cichorium endivia.
    SCARLATA, Scarlatina.
    SCARLATI'NA, from  scarlatto (I.), 'a deep
  red.'  Scarlatti,  Enanthe'sis Ilosa'lia,  lloea'lia,
  Rossa'lia, R. squamo'aa, Roaa'lia, Rube'ola, of 
SCARLATINOUS             775
      Some,  Morbil'li ig'nci, M. con/1 uen'tea, Morbua
      acurltitiito'sus, Febris acurltitino'sa, Gut'turie mor-
      bua epidem'icua  Foreat'i, Pur'pura, Typhua ecar-
      lati'nue, Febria  rubra, Scarlet Fever, Raah-ferer,
      Porphyris'mua,  Porphyria'ma, (F.) Fierre  rouge,
      F. pourprie.  The  characteristic symptoms of
      scarlatina are :—a scarlet  flush, appearing about
      the  second day of fever on the face, neek, and
      fauces;  and  progressively spreading  over the
      body; terminating about the 7th day.  Two great
      varieties  may be  reckoned; — the S. simplex, S.
      febria, S. benig'nu,  S. eine ongi'nd, in which the
      fever is moderate  and terminates with the efflo-
      rescence;  prostration of strength  being trifling,
      and the contagious  property slight;—and  the S.
      Angino'ea, S. Paristhmit'ica,  S. Cynanch'ica, S.
      mit"ior, in which  the fever is severe ;  the  throat
      ulcerated; the  eruption later in its appearance,
      and less extensive; often changing  to a livid
      hue ; the fever being highly contagious.  Scarla-
      ti'na malig'na,  S. gra'vior, has  been reckoned a
      variety of this,  in its worst degree.  It agrees
      with tho Cynanche  maligna of Cullen.
         Scarlatina belongs to the Major exanthemata,
      and is a disease,  chiefly, of children.  The eruption
      differs from that of measles,in being an efflorescence
      not  raised above the cuticle.  Measles, too, is at-
      tended with catarrhal symptoms, whilst the com-
      plication, in scarlatina, is cynanche.  The  treat-
      ment of simple  scarlatina need not be  much.  It
      must  be  antiphlogistic  If the throat be very
      much  ulcerated, acid gargles and  counter-irri-
      tants must be employed;  and if the affection be-
      come manifestly typhoid, and the sore throat of
      a malignant character, the case must  be treated
'     like typhus gravior; with antiseptic gargles of
      bark, acid, Ac  Anasarca sometimes- supervenes
      on scarlatina, and requires attention Purgatives
      are here demanded  as well as the use of sorbefa-
      cients, such as mercury and squill,  Ac
         Scarlatina Anginosa, see Scarlatina—s. Be-
      nigna, see Scarlatina — s.  Cynanchica,  see Scar-
      latina—s.  Febris, see Scarlatina—s. Gravior, see
      Scarlatina — s. Miliaris, Rubeola — s. Mitior, see
      Scarlatina—s. Paristhmitica, see Scarlatina — s.
      Pustulosa, Rubeola — s. Rheumatica,  Dengue —
      s. sine Angina,  see Scarlatina—s. Urticata, Urti-
      caria,
         SCARLATI'NOUS,  ScarlaWnal, Scarlatino'-
      tus.   Relating or appertaining to scarlatina.
         SCARLET BERRY, Solanum dulcamara.
         SCARLET FEVER, Scarlatina.
         SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia.
         SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia.
         SCELAL'GIA, from  axcXos, 'the  leg,' and
      aXyos,  ' pain.'  Pain of  the leg.
         Scelalgia  Antica, Neuralgia femoro-pretibi-
      alis — s. Postica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea — s.
      Puerperarum, Phlegmatia  dolens.
         SCELETEU'SIS.  Mummification.   Also, the
      mode  of making  a skeleton, Skeletopce'a, Syn-
      tax' is.
         SCELETOLOGIA, Skeletology.
         SCELETON,  Skeleton.
         SCELETOP03A,  Sceleteusis.
         SCELETUM, Skeleton—s. Artificiale, see Ske-
      leton— s.  Naturale, see Skeleton.
         SCELONCUS. Phlegmatia dolens.
         SCELORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatia'miia cruris,
      from  cxcXos,  ' the  leg,' and ptvua,  ' defluxion,
      rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the leg.
         SCELOS, Leg.
         SCELOTVEBE,  Chorea, Porphyra  nautiea —
      s. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendinum—s.  Festinans,
      Paralysis agitnns — s. Tariiiitismus, Chorea.
         SCEPARNOX.  Amnios, Ascia.
         SCEPASTERIUM, Couvrechef.
SCHIZATRICHIA
  SCEPASTRUM, Couvrechef.
  SCEPTRUM, Penis.
  SC1IASIS. Scarification.
  SCHASMUS, Scarification.
  SCTIASTERION, Fleam, Lancet, Scarificator.
  SCHEBA ARABUM, Artemisia santonica.
  SCHERBET', Sherbet', Serbet', Tscherbet', Sor-
be'thum, Sorbet'tum, Sorbe'tum.  A drink prepared
by the Turks, Persians, Ac, with sugar and the
juice of acid fruits.
  SCHERLIEVO, Mal di  Scherlievo, Mal di
Breno, Mal di Fiume,  Margaretizza, Morbua Cro-
atue, Framboe.'aia Illyr'ica, M. fiuminien'ais, Fol-
cadina, Malo  di Scarlievo, Scabiea venerea con-
tagio'aa.   A name  given to a  particular form of
syphilis,  observed  in  Illyria.   It  is said to be
capable of being  communicated without imme-
diate contact; and, that its  principal symptoms
are:—pains in the bones, ulceration of the fauces,
pustules, and fungous growths in different parts
of the bodv.
  SCHERO'MA.   A dryness of the eye from the
want of lachrymal secretion. — Dictionaries.
  SCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa.
  SCHIDAKE'DON,  Schidace'dum, Schindace'-
dum, Schindal'amua,  Schindal'mua, from axtQia,
' I cleave.'  A longitudinal fracture of a bone. —
Galen.
  SCHINDACEDUM, Schidakedon.
  SCHINDALAM US, Schidakedon,Schindylesis.
  SCHINDALES1S, Schindylesis.
  SCHINDALMUS, Schidakedon, Schindylesis.
  SCHINDYLE'SIS,  Schindate'eia, Schindal'a-
mua,  Schindal'mua.  An articulation of bones —
by furrowing, as it were; as in  that of the vomer,
which  constitutes, in  part, the septum narium.
Also, the act of splitting into small pieces; from
ox'vovXcta, 'I  split into small  pieces. — Hippo-
crates.
  SCHINEL^E'ON,  from axtvos, 'the mastic
tree,' and cXatov, 'oil;'  Oleum lentia'cinum.  Oil
of mastic. — Dioscorides.
  SCHINOCEPHALUS, Scillocephalus.
  SCHINOS, Scilla.
  SCHINZNACII  or  HAPSBURG, MINERAL
AVATERS OF.  These  springs are situate three
leagues from Baden, and are amongst  the most
celebrated bathing-places in Switzerland.   The
waters are of the  saline sulphurous kind;  and
have a high  reputation in  cutaneous and rheu-
matic affections, visceral obstructions, and glan-
dular enlargements.   They contain sulphate of
lime, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, chlo-
ride  of magnesium,  sulphate  of magnesia,  sul-
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and oxide of
iron  ; sulphohydric acid, and carbonic acid gases.
  SCHISMA, Fissure, Rima.
  SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS,  from cxtaros, 'cleft,
separated,' and xetpaXn, 'head.'  A monster having
some part of the head cleft or fissured. — Gurlt.
  SCHISTOCOR'MUS, from ox'oros, 'cleft, sepa-
rated,' and  xopuos, ' trunk.'  A  monster having
some part of the trunk cleft or fissured. — Gurlt,
  SCHISTOMELUS, from extras, 'cleft, sepa-
rated,  and  ucXos,  ' a  limb.'  A monster whoso
limbs are fissured.
  SCHISTORRHACIIIS, Hydroraehis.
  SCIIISTOSO'MUS, from aXtaros,  'cleft,'  ana
aiafia, ' body.'  A malformation of the abdomen,
in which the fissure and eventration extend over
the entire length of the abdomen ;  the lower ex
tremities being absent,  or very little developed,
so that the body  appears as  if truncated infe-
riorly. — A'ogel.
  SCHIZA, Rima, Rima vulvas.
  SCHIZATRICHTA,  Trichos'chiaia,. Schist*. 
SCHLANGENBAD
76
SCINCUS
trich'la, from  axtt,a, ' a cleft,' ' a split,' and Opi^
' a hair.'   The splitting of the hairs at their ex-
tremities. — J. P. Frank.
  SCHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  AVATERS
OF.   Schlangenbad is a much-frequented water-
ing-place  in  Germany.   Tho waters  contain a
little carbonic acid, and carbonate of soda,  Tem-
perature S(i° Fahrenheit.
  SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE,  Pituitary
membrane.
  SCHffiNANTHUS, Juncus odoratus.
  SCHOLA, School.
  SCHOLLERA  OXYCOCCOS,  ATaccinium oxy-
coccos.
  SCHOOL, Schola. A place of education. (F.)
Ecole. In Europe the large Medical Schools are
usually attached to the universities.  In England,
however, there has  been  no medical school of
celebrity at either of the  universities of Oxford
or Cambridge ; owing greatly to their provincial
situation.   Of late,  two schools  have  existed in
London,  attached to the  London  University —
University College and  King's  College.  Excel-
lent private schools  have, however, long existed
in that metropolis.   The medical schools of Eu-
rope which have  been most celebrated, are those
of Edinburgh, Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tubingen,
Paris, Montpellier,  Bologna, Padua, Pavia, and
Pisa.  In the United States, the medical schools
are numerous;  at this time not fewer than 30 or
40.   Those  most numerously attended, are the
medical department of the  University of Penn-
sylvania, Jefferson Medical College of Philadel-
phia,  the  University of the City of New York,
and the Louisville Medical Institute.
  SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN, MINERAL
AVATERS OF.  The waters of this New Jersey
Spring are chalybeate.   According to  Dr. McNe-
vin, they contain  extractive, chloride  of sodium,
chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, car-
bonate of lime, sulphate  of lime,  carbonate  of
magnesia, silex, and carbonate, and oxide of iron.
  SCHORBUTUS, Purpura.
  SCHOUSB.EA COCCINEA,  Cacoucia cocci-
nea.
  SCHAVALBACH,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
Schwalbach is a town of Germany, seated on the
Aa, 32 miles west of Frankfort.   The waters con-
tain  chloride of sodium, carbonates of lime and
magnesia, iron, sulphate of lime, carbonic acid,
oxygen, Ac.  Employed as a tonic
  SCHAVANN, AVHITE SUBSTANCE OF, see
Substance, white, of Schwann.
  SCHAVENDECK,  MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
These waters are  about 5  leagues from  Miinich,
in Bavaria.  They contain carbonic acid;  carbo-
nate and sulphate of lime,  chloride of calcium;
chloride of magnesium; carbonate of soda, and
oxide of iron, and are much used  for cutaneous
affections.
  SCIAT'IC,  Ischiadic,  Iachiat'icus,  Sciat'icus,
from  taxiov, 'the haunch.'  A word  formed  by
contraction  from  ischiatic,  which  latter is still
used.   See Ischiatic.
  Sciatic Nerve,  Great,  Nervus ischiad'icus,
Great fem'oro-poplite'al, (C.h.)   (F.) Grand nerf
sciatique, ought to be esteemed a continuation of
the sacral plexus.   It issues from the pelvis be-
tween the  pyramidalis  and  superior gemellus;
descends along the posterior part  of the thigh;
and after having  given  branches to the gemini,
quadratus, obturator externus, glutasus maximus,
semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus, biceps and
third  abductor muscles, it divides,  about the  in-
ferior third of the thigh, into two branches; the
one, named the external popliteal;  the other, the
internal.
  Sciatic  Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior  ght'teal
branch of the sacral plexus. Lesser fem'oro-popli-
te'al nerre, (Ch.) (F.) Nerf petit sciatique, which
seems especially formed by the 2d and 3d sacral,
is given off from the lower part of the plexus, and
escapes from the pelvis beneath the pyramidalis
muscle.  It gives branches — nervi  cuta'nei clu'.
nium inferio'res — to the glutasus  maximus; a
aciatic branch or infra-pelvic cutaneous or peri-
neal cutaneous, Pudenda'Us longua infe'rior, which
passes under the tuberosity of the  ischium, and
furnishes filaments to the. glutasus maximus, and
to the muscles of the perinasum, urethra, penis,
scrotum,  Ac.; and a poaterior femoral cutaneous
branch — middle posterior cutaneous nerve — the
filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu-
rosis, to be distributed on the skin  of the poste-
rior part  of the thigh.  The principal branch of
the  lesser sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  ham,
into two or three filaments, which descend under
the integuments almost as far as the inferior part
of the leg.                .
  Sciatic Notch, Great, Sciatic Fora'men, In-
ciau'ra ischiad'ica major, (F.) Grande ichanerure
aciatique  ou grand trou sciatique, is a large notch
at the posterior edge of each  os innominatum,
below the posterior and inferior iliac spine, which
is  converted into a foramen  by the sacrum and
sacro-sciatic  ligaments.   The lesser sciatic notch,
Inciau'ra ischiad'ica minor,  Luna  Albi'ni,  (F.)
Petite ichanerure  ischiatique,  is much  smaller
than the  last, from which it is  separated by the
sciatic spine.  It gives passage to the tendon of
the obturator internus, and to the internal pudic
vessels and nerves.
  Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region.
  Sciatic Spine,  Spine  of the Ischium,  Spinous
Proc"es8 of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal
eminence on the os innominatum, above the  pre-
ceding foramen;  which  gives insertion to the
lesser sacro-sciatic ligament.
  SCIATICA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa.
  SCIATIQUE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa.
  SCIE,  Saw.
  SCIENTIA HERMETICA, Alchymy—s.  Me-
dendi, Medicina—s. Medica, Medicina.
  SCIERO'PIA, from axupos,  'shady,'  and wtf,
'the eye'   A defect of vision, in which all ob-
jects have a darker hue than natural.
  SCILLA, Scilla  marit'ima, Scylla,  Aschil,
Schinos,  Oc'ulus Typho'nis,  Ornithog'alum  ma-
rit'imwm seu  aquiVla,  Stella'ris ecilla,  Squilla,
Squill or eea onion, Eye of Typhon, (F.) Ognon
marin.  Family, Liliaceas.  Sex. Syat. Hexandria
Monogynia.  Native of Spain, Austria,  Ac.   Tho
bulb or root of the squill has a bitter, nauseous
taste, and is extremely acrid;  inflaming the skin
when rubbed on it.  Its  acrimony, on which its
virtues depend, is destroyed by heat, drying, and
keeping.   It is  extracted by vinegar, spirit, and
water.  In large doses, squill is emetic unci pur-
gative; in small doses, diuretic and expectorant.
Its active  principle has been called scillitine.
Dose, gr. j to v of the  dried  root, united or not
with mercury.
  SciLLA Esculen'ta, Pholan'gium eaculen'tum,
Eastern Quamash, Wild  Hy'acinth;  indigenous;
flowering in May.  An  article of  diet amongst
the AVestern Indians.  It is made into bread and
poultices for inflamed breasts.
  SCILLOCEPH'ALUS,  Schinoceph'alua,  from
oxiXXa, 'a bulbous-rooted plant, the squill,'and
xetpaXn, 'head.'  One who has a large bulbiform
head.
  SCINCUS,  axiyxos or axtyyos.  A species of
Saurus or Lacer'ta, common in  Egypt, and much
extolled  by the ancients, as  alexipharmic  and
aphrodisiac. 
                 SCINTILLA                77

  SCINTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a relic of YenuTT
A name given,  by Paracelsus, to the impotence

T hiiiT     power in the  limbs' Produced bv

  SCIOM'ACHY, /ihWd,',, Skiamachia;
from  a«a,  a shade,' and UaXn, 'a fight.'  An
exercise with the ancients, which consisted in  a
mock  encounter  at  boxing  and jumping  with
one's  own shadow.
  SCIRRHE, Scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS, see Scleriasis.
  SCIRRHOCELE, Orcheocele scirrhosa.
  SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA, (F.) Squirrogaetrie;
Scirrhua ventric'uli; from axtppos,  'hard,' and
yaarrip, 'stomach.'  Scirrhus of the stomach.
  SCIR'RHOID, ScirrhoVdea, Scirrho'des,  from
axtppos, 'scirrhus,' and ucos, 'resemblance.  Re-
sembling scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOPHTIIAL' MIA, Scirrhophthal'mua,
from  axtppos, ' scirrhus,' and ocpSaXuos,  ' the  eye,'
 Cancer oc'uli.  Cancer of the eye.
  Scirrhophthalmia  Palpebrarum, see  Scle-
riasis.
  SCIRRHOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indura-
tion of the cellular tissue.
  SCIRRHOSIS, Scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOUS, Scirrho'eue;  same etymon as
scirrhus.   Of or belonging to scirrhus.
  Scirrhous Sarco'ma  of Ab'ernethy,  Em-
phy'ma aarco'ma acirrho'aum.  Hard, rigid, vas-
cular infarction of glandular follicles;  indolent,
insentient, glabrous;  sometimes shrinking and
becoming more indurated.  Found in glandulous
structures.
  SCIRRHUS, Squirrhna, Scirrho'ma, Scirrho'-
eis,  Cancer scirrho'8iis,  Carcino'ma simplex,  C.
 fibro'aum, Indura'tio malig'na,  Schirrua, Sclerna,
 Carcinom'atous aarco'ma, Hard cancer,  Fibroua
cancer;  from axtppos,  'hard,' 'indurated;' (F.)
 Squirre, Schirre, Skirre.  A disease, so called
from  the hardness that characterizes it.   It is  a
Btate  of induration, of a peculiar kind, affecting
glandular  structures  generally, but capable of
occurring in  other textures.  It usually precedes
carcinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered
as  the first  stage.   Scirrhus must  not be con-
founded with the induration which succeeds in-
flammation,  although  the two  states are often
complicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the
relation of cause and effect to each other.   Scir-
rhus  is ordinarily accompanied  by violent shoot-
ing pains.  It  is also irregular  on  its surface:
and when  cut into has a bluish or grayish white
colour.  AATien the surgeon is satisfied of the ex-
istence of scirrhus, he had better  remove  it at
once.  No other treatment seems to possess much
advantage.
  Galen uses the term Scirrho'sis for a livid ex-
crescence caused by inflammation.
  Scirrhus et Carcinoma A'entriculi, see Gas-
trostenosis cardiaea et pylorica—s.  Hepatis, He-
patoscirrhus—s. Intestinorum, Enteropathia can-
cerosa— s. Palpebrarum, see Scleriasis — s. Tes-
ticuli, Sarcocele — s.  Uteri, Metroscirrhus — s.
\Tentriculi, Gastroseirrhus.
  SCISSIPARITE, see Generation.
  SCISSORS,  Forfex,  Forpex, Psalis,  Tomis,
(F.) Ciseaux.  A  well-known instrument in com-
mon use, and often  employed in  surgery.   Scis-
sors are composed of two cutting blades, crossing
each  other and moving upon an axis.  They are
straight or curved.   Sometimes  the  curve is on
the flat side, when they are called,  in  France,
Ciseaux  d cuiller;  at others,  on  their  edges, j
The scissors, bent so that the blades make an ,
7           SCLEROTICONYXIS

obtuse  angle  with the handles, are  also  much
used.   They are called in France Ciseaux coudi».
Scissors are used for dividing soft, loose, isola-
ted parts, which it would be difficult to reach and
to cut  with the  bistoury. _ They are  employed,
likewise, in the operation for harelip, and for re-
moving warts, fungous excrescences, Ac.
   SCISSURA, Fissure—s. A'ulvas, see Rima.
   SCISSUR-E, Rhagades.
   SCISSURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid—
8. Grand midiane du Cervelet, A'alley—s. de San-
 torini,  Santorini, fissure of.
   SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea,
   SCLEREMA,  Induration of the cellular tissue.
   SCLEREME, Induration of the cellular tissue.
   SCLEREM IA, Induration of the cellular tissue.
   SCLEREMUS, Induration of the eellular tissue.
   SCLERENCEPHA'LIA,  Indura'tio  cer'ebri,
 from axXvpos, ' hard,' and eyxetpaXov, ' the brain.'
 (F.) Endurciaaement du cerveau.  Induration of
 the brain.
   SCLERIA, Scleriasis.
   SCLERI'ASIS, Selero'ma, Sclero'sis, Scle'ria,
 Scterya'mua, Seph'irua, from oxXijpos, 'hard.' Any
 kind of hardness or induration.  Sometimes hard-
 ness of the eyelids,»Cnr(7o'87'ras palpebrarum, Scir-
 rhoblepharon'ens, Scirrhophthal'mia  polpebra'-
 rnm, Scirrhua palpebra'rum; at others, hardness
 of the  genital organs  of the female; probably
 synonymous  with  scirrhus. — Galen.  Paulus.
 Hardness  of bones, FragiVitas  Oa'aium.
   SCLERITIS,  Sclerotitis.
   SCLERODERMA, Induration of the cellular
 tissue.
   SCLERODES, Sclerotic.
   SCLEROM A,  Induration of the cellular tissue,
 Scleriasis.
   SCLEROMENINX,  Dura mater.
   SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis.
   SCLEROPHTIIALMIA, Hordeolum.
   SCLEROS, Hard.
   SCLEROSARCO'MA, from oxXnpos, 'hard,' and
 aapxtofia, ' a fleshy tumour.'  A hard, fleshy tu-
 mour,  seated  on the gums, and  resembling  a
 cock's  comb.
   SCLEROSIS,  Induration of the cellular tissue,
 Scleriasis.
   SCLEROSTENOSIS  CUTANEA, Induration
 of the cellular tissue.
   SCLEROT'IC, Sclerotica, from axXnpoia,  'I
 harden.'  Cornea opa'ca, Sclero'dee, Tunica dura
 seu albugin'ea seu du'rior et craea'ior seu ex'tima
 seu  alba  seu can'dida seu innomina'ta  oc'uli,
 Sclero'tia,  (F.) Sclirotiqiie.   A hard, resisting,
 opake  membrane, of a pearly white colour and
 fibrous nature, which covers nearly the posterior
 four-fifths of the globe of the eye, and has the form
 of a sphere truncated before. It is strengthened by
 the expansion of the muscles of  the eye, to which
 expansion many anatomists have given the name
 Tu'nica albugin'ea.  It forms  the white of the
 eye, Albu'men, Album  oc'uli, Lon'chades, Log'-
 ades, Loch'ades, Leu'cades.   The sclerotic is pe-
 netrated posteriorly by a round opening, for the
 passage of the optic nerve; and, anteriorly, it
 has  a much larger opening, into which the trans-
 parent cornea is  received.   There are, besides
 many small oblong apertures in  it for the passage
 of nerves  and vessels, proceeding to the interior
 of the  eye.  In  the foetus, the  sclerotic may be
 separated  into two very distinct laminas.
   SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea.
   SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis.
   SCLEROTICOXYXTS. Schronyx'is, Scleroto-
, nyx'ts,  from axXnpos, 'hard,' and w£is, 'punctur
7c 
SCLEROTICUS
778
SCROFULA
  ing.'   Perforation of the sclerotica in the opera-
  tion for cataract by depression.
    SCLEROTICUS, Indurans.
    SCLEROTIQUE, Sclerotic.
    SCLEROTIS, Sclerotic.
    SCLEROTITIS, Inflamma'tio Sclerotica, Leu-
  ci'tia, Lonchadi'ti8,  Logadi'tia, Scleri'tia, Sclero-
  citi'tia, Rheumat'ic ophthal'mia, Ophthal'mia ar-
  thrit'ica, from  sclerotica, and itis,  denoting in-
„ flamination.  Inflammation of the sclerotic coat
  of the eye.
    SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS, see Ergot.
    SCLERUNTICUS, Indurans.
    SCLERUS, Induration, Scirrhus.
    SCLERYNTICUS, Indurans.
    SCLERYS'MA, from oxXijpos, 'hard.'  Indura-
  tion ; also, induration of the liver.
    SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis.
    SCLIRUS, Scirrhus.
    SCLOPETA'RIUS,  from sclopetum, 'a  gun.'
  Relating to  a gun.  Hence, Aqua sclopeta'ria, a
  water for gunshot wounds. Vul'nera sclopeta'ria,
  gunshot wounds, Ac
    SCLOPETOPLAG^E, AVounds, gunshot.
    SCOBS, Prisma, Nysma, Ramen'turn, Rasu'ra.
  A shaving, also, an alkali; and the scoria of any
  metal.
    SC03NANTHUM, Juncus odoratus.
    SCOLECESIS, Helminthiasis.
    SCOLECIASIS,  Helminthiasis.
    SCOLEX, Ascaris lumbricoides.
    SCOLIOMA, Scoliosis.
    SCOLIO'SIS,  Scolio'ma,  Rhachio-scolio'ma,
  from axoXtos,' crooked.'   A distortion of the spine
  to one side.  See Hump.
    SCOLOPENDRA, Asplenium scolopendrium.
    SCOLOPENDRIA,  Asplenium ceterach, and
  A. scolopendrium.
    SCOLOPENDRIUM  LINGUA, Asplenium
  scolopendrium — s. Officinarum, Asplenium sco-
  lopendrium — s.  Phyllitis, Asplenium  scolopen-
  drium—s. Ruta muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria
  —s. Arulgare, Asplenium scolopendrium.
    SCOLOPOMAdLE'RION, from axoXoira^, 'the
  woodcock,' and piaxatpa, 'a knife;' so called be-
  cause it is  bent a little at the extremity like a
  woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury.
  — Scultetus.
    SCOLYMUS SATIVUS, Cynara scolymus.
    SCOOP,  Teut.  Schoepe,  Cochlea're,  (F.)
  Curette.  A  surgical instrument of the  shape of
  a spoon, which is used  for the extraction of cer-
  tain foreign bodies.  The scoop is often employed
  to extract balls impacted in  the soft parts;  to re-
  move calculi from the urinary bladder in lithoto-
  my,  Ac.  A small scoop is  sometimes used to
  extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius
  externus, nasal fossae,  Ac.
    SCOPA REGIA, Ruscus.
    SCOPARIUS, see Spartium seoparium.
    SCOPE,  o-/cott77, Scop'ia,  Scopos, from axoirita,
  11 look around.'  A   common suffix to words
  meaning 'view,  inspection,' as crsmioscopy, ste-
  thosco^y, Ac.
    SCOPOLINA  ATROPOIDES,  Hyoscyamus
  acopolia.
    SCOPTULA, Scopula.
 -  SCOPULA,  Brush.
    SCOR, Excrement.
    SCORACRATI'A, Scoracra'sia, Scatacra'eia,
  Scatacrati'a, Copracrati'a, Copracra'sia, Inconti-
  nentia Alvi, from axtap, 'excrement,' and axpaata,
  'want of control.'  AA'ant of power to retain the
  faeces.  Involuntary evacuation of the fasces.
    SCORBUT,  Porphyra nautiea,  Purpura, he-
  morrhagica—8. des Alpee, Pellagra—s. de Terre,
  Purpura hasmorrhagica.
  SCORBU'TIC,  Scorbu'ticus.   That which be-
longs to scurvy.   One affected with scurvy.
  SCORBUTUS,  Purpura—s. Alpinus, Pellagra
—s. Nauticus, Porphyra nautiea—s. Oris, Cancer
aquaticus.
  SCORDINEMA, Carebaria, Pandiculation.
  SCORDINISMUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation.
  SCORDIUM, Teucrium scordium.
  SCORDON, Allium.
  SCORITH, Sulphur.
  SCORODON, Allium.
  SCORPIODEX'IS,  from axopimav, 'the scor-
pion,' and otitis, 'bite:'—more properly, Sconr-i-
ostig'ma ; from axopirttav, and anyfia,  ' puncture.'
The sting of the scorpion.
  SCOR'PION, Scor'pio, Scorpius, from axopirioia,
'I puncture.'  A genus of insects having a sting
at the extremity of their tail, with which  they
make dangerous  wounds.  An  Oil of Scorpion
was once made from them, which is  not now used.
  SCORPIOSTIGMA, Scorpiodexis.
  SCORPIUS, Scorpion.
  SCORTUM, Scrotum.
  SCORZONE'RA, S. hu'milie seu lana'ta seu
nervo'sa, Escorzone'ra,  Vipera'ria, Serpenta'ria
Hispan'ica, Offic"inal viper's grass, Viper's grass,
Goat's grass.  Family,  Cichoraceas.  Sex.  Syst.
Syngenesia  Polygamia.   The  roots have  been
used as  alexipharmics, and in  hypochondriacal
disorders and obstructions  of the  viscera.  The
root of the Scorzonera Hispan'ica is esculent, but
inefficacious as a drug.
  SCOTAS'MA,  Scoto'ma,  Scoto'dia,  Scoto'eie,
Scotoa;  from exoros,  ' darkness.'  Obscurity of
vision, darkness, Suffu'eio  ra'dians.   Also  Sco-
todinia.
  SCOTCH FIDDLE, Psora.
  SCOTODIA, Scotasma, Scotodinia.
  SCOTODINTA, Scoto'ma, Dinua Scoto'ma, Sco-
todi'ne, Tenebrico''aa verti'go, Scotoa, Scotaa'ma,
Scoto'ai8, Scot'omy, from exoros, 'darkness,' and
itvtia, ' I turn round.'   Giddiness, with impaired
sight, often succeeded by headaeh.  See Vertigo.
  SCOTOMA, Scotasma, Scotodinia.
  SCOTOMY, Scotodinia.
  SCOTOS, Scotasma, Scotodinia.
  SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia.
  SCOTT'S  ACID BATH, Nitro-muriatic acid
bath.  A bath of dilute aqua regia, employed by
Dr. Scott, of India, as a remedy in hepatic dis-
eases.   Three pints by measure of  muriatic acid,
and two  of  nitric aeid, are mixed to form the
aqua regia.   In preparing this for  use, a pint of
it is  mixed  with an  equal quantity of water.
The acid bath consists  of three ounces of this
dilute acid to every gallon of water.
  SCRATCH, Psora.
   SCREATUS, Excreation.
   SCRIPTULUM, Scruple.
   SCRIPULUM, Scruple.  .
  SCRIPULUS, Scruple.
  SCRIVENER'S  CRAMP, Cramp, writers'.
  SCROBICULUS,  Scrobic'ulum, (F.) Foaaette.
A little  ditch or furrow;  diminutive of aerobe,
' a ditch.'
   Scrobic'ulus  Cordis, Anticar'dium, Procar'-
dium,  (F.) Foaaette du coenr,  Avant-cccur, Anti-
cceur.   The pit of the stomach.  The depression
at the anterior  part of the abdomen, below  the
xiphoid  cartilage.
   Scrobicilus Variola, Pockmark.
   SCROFFJE, Scrofula.
   SCROF'ULA,  Scroph'ula, Scroph'ula;  from
8crofa, ' a sow;' because swine  were presumed to
be subject to a similar complaint.  Serophulo'eie,
Morbua  acrophulo'eu8,   V it" ium  acrophnlo'aum
 Cocochym'ia seu Cachex'ia  seu  Dyacra'nia acro-
phulo'aa,  Padatroph'ia glandulo'ea,  Struma 
SCROFULAIRE
779
SEA AIR
 Chcerus, Coiraa, Tobea  Glandulo'ria, Adeno'ais
 icrofulo'sa,  Scroffa,  Chncas,  King's evil, The
 Evil, Crude (Scottice), (F.) Scrophulea, Scrofulee,
 Struma, Ecrouellee, Humeure froidee, Tuberculea
 dea glttudes lymphatiquea, Mal du Roi.  A state
 of the system characterized by indolent, glandu-
 lar tumours,  chiefly in the neck;  suppurating
 Blowly  and imperfectly, and healing with diffi-
 culty ;  the disease  ordinarily occurring  in those
 of a sanguine temperament, with thick upper lip,
 Ac.   The tumours, after suppuration, degenerate
 into ulcers;  which, in process of time, cicatrize,
 leaving sears.   The internal organs are apt to be
 attacked  in  those  disposed to  scrofula;  hence
 they  are often the  subjects of phthisis and me-
 senteric affections.   Scrofula is hereditary; and
 is frequently excited by insufficient or improper
 regimen,  and by a close, confined air during the
 first years of existence.  The best treatment is :—
 to strengthen the system by animal diet; pure
 air,  and  exercise,  cold  bathing,  or sea-water
 bathing, Ac.
   Scrofula Abdominalis  Interna, Physconia
 strumosa.
   SCROFULAIRE, Scrophularia   nodosa — s.
 Aquatique, Scrophularia aquatica.
   SCROFULARIA, Scrophularia.
   SCR O F CLE UN, Scrofulous.
   SCROF'ULOUS, Scrophulo'eue, Scrophula'rius,
 Strumous, Strumo'aua, (F.) Scrofuleux, Strumeux.
 Suffering from, or relating to, scrofula.
   SCROPIIULA, Scrofula—s. Mesenterica, Tabes
 mesenterica—s. Moluccana, Framboesia.
   SCROPIIULA, Scrofula—s. Gonorrhoicas, Go-
 norrhoea impura.
   SCROPHULARIA, S. Nodosa.
   Scrophi la'ria Aquat'ica, Beton'ica aquat'-
 ica,  Fica'ria, Ferra'ria,  Castran'gula, Greater
 Water  Figwort, Water Bet'ony,  (F.)  Scrofulaire
 aquatique.  The leaves are celebrated as correc-
 tors of the bad  flavour  of senna.  They were at
 one  time regarded as eminently antiscrofulous,
 stomachic, and carminative.
   Scrophularia Fcetida,  Scrophularia  nodosa
 — s. Lanceolata, S. Nodosa — s. Marilandica, S.
 Nodosa — s.  Minor, Ranunculus ficaria.
   Schophila'ria Nodosa, Figwort,  Kennelwort,
 Holmcaweed, Heal-all, Scrophula'ria foe'tida seu
 vulga'ria  seu  lanceola'ta, seu Maritan'dica, Mil-
 lemor'bia, Scrof)hula' ria, (F.) Scrofulaire, Herbe
 aux icronellea.  The root and leaves of this plant
 have  been celebrated, both as an internal and ex-
 ternal remedy, against inflammations, piles, scro-
 fulous tumours, ulcers, Ac.
   Scrophularia AVlgaris, Scrophularia nodosa.
   SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous.
   SCROPHULES,  Scrofula — s. Miaentiriquea,
 Tabes mesenterica.
   SCKOPHULOSIS, Scrofula.
   SCROPHULOSUS, Scrofulous.
   SCROTAL, Scrota'lie; from scrotum.  Relating
 to the  scrotum, — as  Hernia  scrota'lie,  scrotal
 hernia.
  Scrotal Nerve, see Genito-crural  Nerve.
  SCROTOCE'LE.   A  hybrid term;  from (L.)
 ecrotum, and  xtjXij, 'a tumour.' Hernia Scrota'lis,
 Scrotal her'nia.  Inguinal hernia,   descending
 into  the scrotum ; Oscheocele.
  SCROTUM, from acorteua, acorteum, 'made of
 leather.' (?)   Osche,  Oa'cheua,  Oa'chua, Oa'cheon,
 Och'eua, Perin,  Scortum,  Miirsu'pium, Bur'aula,
 Buraa  tes'tium seu  viri'lia,  Cop'tilus, (?) Orchos,
 Oa'cus,  Follic'ulus genita'lis, Her'nia, the Purse,
 the  Cod,  (F.)  Les  bourses.  The integuments
 which cover the testes.   These are nothing more
than a  prolongation  of the skin of the inner
part  of the  thighs, perinasuiu, and penis.  The
skin  is  remarkable for its brown colour, for the
| numerous rugas, especially when the scrotum  is
 contracted;  for the  great  number of sebaceous
 follicles it contains;  and for the  long  and few
 hairs which issue from it in the adult. The scro-
 tum is divided into two equal parts  by  a raphe,
 which extends from  the anus to  t'-e root of the
 penis.  Its organization is similar to that of the
 skin of other parts of the bod; . except that the
 chorion is thinner.
   Scrotum Cordis, Pericardium — s. Pendulum,
 Rhachosis.
   SCRUPLE, Diob'olon,  Gramma'rium, Scru'-
 pulus, Scru'pulum, Scrip'tulus, Scrip'idum, Scrip'-
 ulu8.  A  weight of twenty grains, Troy ; twenty-
 four grains, Poids de marc.
   SCUDAMORE'S  MIXTURE,  see Mixture,
 Scudamore's.
   SCULL, Cranium — s. Cap, Calvaria.
   SCURF, Sax. TcuvV, Teut. Schorft; Fur'-
 fura.   Small  exfoliations of the cuticle are so
 called.
   SCURFY, Furfuraceous.
   SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra^-s. Grass,
 Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum — s. Land,  Purpura
 hasmorrhagica—s. Petechial, Purpura simplex—
 s. Sea, Porphyra  nautiea — s. Grass,  common,
 Cochlearia officinalis:—s. Grass, lemon, Cochlea-
 ria  officinalis — s.  Grass, wild,  Cochlearia coro-
 nopus.
   SCUTELLA, Cup.
   SCUTELLA'RIA GALERICULA'TA, Cassida
 galaricula'ta,  Tertiana'ria, Skull-cap, (F.) Gas-
 side bleue.  Family, Personeie.  Sex. Syst. Didy-
 namia  Angiospermia.  This  plant has  a bitter
 taste and a garlic smell.   It  has been esteemed
 especially serviceable in tertian ague.
   Scutellaria Lateriflo'ra, Skull-cap, Mad-
 weed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimp'ernel.  An indigenous
 plant, which grows  in all  parts of  the United
 States in  moist places.  It was at one  time es-
 teemed a preventive  of hydrophobia, but is pro-
 bably possessed of little virtue of any kind.
   Scutellaria Integrifo'lia,—another indi-
 genous variety, — is an intense bitter.
   SCUTICULA  DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
 langes of the fingers.
   SCUTULiE DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
 langes of the fingers.
   SCUTUM, Thyroid cartilage —s. Cordis, Sca-
 pula, Sternum — s.  Genu, Patella — s. Pectoris,
 Thorax.
   Scutum Stomach'icum.   A large plaster,  ap-
 plied to the breast or stomach.
   Scutum Thoracis, Scapula,
   SCYB'ALA, plural of axvjSaXov, 'dung.'  Ente-
 rol'ithus  Scyb'alum,  Excrementa Alvi siccio'ra,
 Faces indura'ta.  Hard fecal matters discharged
 in round lumps.
   SCYLLA, Scilla,
   SCYPHOPHORUS PYXIDATUS, Lichen
 pyxidatus.
   SCYPHUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of
 the  cochlea — s. Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the
 brain—s. A'ieussenii, Infundibulum of the cochlea.
   SCYROS,  Callosity.
   SCYTALIDES  DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
 langes of the fingers.
   SCYTHICA, (RADIX,) Glycyrrhiza.
   SCYTHROPASMUS,  from axv8pos, 'gloomy:*
 axvBpiaira^ttv, 'to look gloomy ;' Vu/tus tet'ricus et
 mtestus.   A  gloomy, depressed countenance,  of
 bad  augury in  serious diseases.
   SCYTlTIS,  Cytitis.
   SCYTODEPSIUM. Tannin.
   SEA AIR.  The air in  the neighbourhood of
 the  sea contains saline particles commingled with
 it, which render it a valuable change for scrofu-
 lous and  debilitated  individuals.  The sea and 
10                 SEDLITZ
               SEA-SICKNESS              78

sea-coast are usually, also, more equable in their
temperature than places inland.
  SEA SICKNESS, Nausea marina —s. Water,
see Water,  Sea.
  SEAL, GOLDEN, Hydrastis Canadensis — s.
Solomon's,  Convallaria polygonatum.
  SEAM, Cicatrix.
  SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) chercher,
'to seek.'   The operation of ascertaining, by the
introduction of a metallic instrument, whether a
patient has a stone in the bladder.
  SEASONING, Acclimation — s. Fever, Fever,
stranger's.
  SEAT, Anus — s. Bone, Ischion.
  SEBACE, Sebaceous.
  SEBA'CEOUS, Seba'ceus, (F.)  Sibaci;  from
sebum, 'suet.'  That which has  the nature of suet.
  Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhoea.
  Sebaceous or Sebip'arous Glands, 'Sebaceoue
Fol'licles, Sebaceou8 Crypts, Follic'uli  eeba'cei,
Crypta eeba'cea, Oil Glands, Mil'iary glands, are
small hollow organs, of a  rounded or pyriform
shape, seated  in the substance of the skin, and
opening on its surface by a small, excretory duct;
furnishing  a yellow, unctuous  humour,  Smegma
euta'neum, Sebum cuta'neum, having some analogy
with suet, which is destined to lubricate  the sur-
face  of the body.  Follicles of a  similar nature
exist around the corona glandis of the male, and
under the skin of the labia majora and nymphas
of females.   They  secrete  a sebaceous  matter,
which emits a peculiar  odour; and hence, after
the name of one who described them, have been
called Gland'ula odorif'era Tyeo'ni, G.  Tyeo'ni,
Tyson's glands.
  SEBESTE'NA, Cordia myxa seu eebeete'na seu
Africa'na seu  domea'tica seu obli'qua, Sebeete'na
officina'Ua,  Sebea'ten, Sebeten, Myxa, Cornit8 ean-
guin'ea,  Prunus eebeati'na, Smooth-leaved  Cor'-
dia,  Aaeyr'ian plum, (F.) Sebeatier  myxa.   The
dark, black fruit of the Sebeatina possesses  gluti-
nous and aperient qualities, and is exhibited, in
decoction, in various diseases of the chest.
  SEBESTIER MYXA, Sebestena.
  SEBIPAROUS, see Sebaceous.
  SEBORRHAGIA, Stearrhoea.
  SEBORRHEA, Stearrhoea.
  SEBSTEN, Sebestina.
  SEBUM, Pinguedo, Sevum—s.  Cutaneum, see
Sebaceous glands.
  SECA'LE, S. cerea'le  seu barba'tum. The Rye
plant.   (F.) Seigle.  Rye is chiefly  used  as  an
article of diet, particularly in the  northern parts
of Europe,  where a spirit is also  extracted from
it.   The grain  is  disposed to acescency: and
hence its internal use  at first generally produces
a laxative effect.
  Secale Barbatum, Secale—s.  Cornutum, Er-
got—s. Luxurians. Ergot.
  SECALIS MATER, Ergot.
  SECERNENT, Secreting.
 _ SECERNING, Secreting—s. Substance,  of the
kidney,  see Kidney.
  SECESSIO  FACUM, Defecation.
  SECESSUS NIGER, Melasna.
  SECHE, Sepia,
  SECLUSORIUM, Sac.
  SECONDARY,  from secundus, 'the  second.'
Something that acts subordinately to another;
as the secondary eymptome of a disease; that is,
those which supervene on the primary.
  SECONDINES, Secundines.
  SECRETA. Same etymon as Secretion. Things
or matters secreted or separated from the blood.
  SECRE'TING, Secreto'rius, Secer'ning, Se'-
ciern'ent, Excer'nent.  Same etymon as Secretion.
That which secretes,—as a secreting organ.
  SECRETIO, Secretion—s. Lactis, Galactosis—
s. Lotii, Uropoesis—s. Urinas, Uropoesis—s. ATi-
caria, see A'icarious.
  SECRE'TION, Secrc'tia, Apoe'rials; from ae-
cernere, 'to separate' An organic function, which
is chiefly executed in the glands, and consists in
an elaboration or separation of tho  materials of
the blood, at the very extremities of the arterial
system, or rather of the vascular secretory  sys-
tem; and which  differs  in each organ according
to its particular  structure; hence the formation
of  different fluids;—bile, saliva, urine, milk, Ac.
The secretions are of three kinds :—exhalaut, fol-
licular, and  glandular.
  SECRETORIUS. Secreting.
  SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists.
  SECTIO, Section.  The act of cutting.  A di-
vision.
  Sectio Alta,  see  Lithotomy—s. Anatomica,
Dissection — s. Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaverica—
s. Cadaveris legalis, Autopsia cadaverica—s.  Cas-
sarea,  Cassarean section — s.  Franconiana, see
Lithotomy — s. Hypogastrica, see Lithotomy — s.
Lateralis,  see Lithotomy—s. Legalis, Obductio—
s.  Mariana,  see Lithotomy—s.  Nympharum,
Nymphotomy — s. Rectovesicalis, see Lithotomy
— s. Renalis, Nephrotomy — s. Tendinum, Teno-
tomy— s.  Vagino-vesicalis, Colpocystotomia — 8.
Vesicalis,  Lithotomy.
  SECTION, Sectio — s. Sigaultian, Symphyse-
otomy.
  SECUNDiE, Secundines.
  SECUNDINiE, Secundines.
  SECUNDINES, Hya'tera,  Deuter'ion, After-
birth, Secun'da,   Secundi'na,  (F.) Arriere-faix,
Secondinea,  De/ivre.   All that remains  in the
uterus after the birth of the child,—viz., the pla-
centa,  a portion  of the umbilical  cord, and the
menrbranes  of the ovum.  These are  commonly
not expelled till  some time after the birth of the
foetus ; hence their name.   See Delivronce.
  SECUNDUS  PROPRIORUM AURICULiE,
Retrahens auris.
  SEDANTIA,  Sedatives.
  SED'ATIVES, Sedati'va, Pauon'ta, Sedan'tia,
Adec'ta,  Cataatal'tica,  Deprimen'tia, (F.)   Cal-
mants, Teinpe.ranta, from  eedo, 'I  settle or as-
suage.'   Medicines which directly depress the
vital forces, and which are consequently employed
whenever it is necessary to diminish preternatu-
rally increased action.   The chief reputed seda-
tives are : Acidum Hydrocyanicum, Acidum  Hy-
dro-sulphuricum, Tabacum, Missio Sanguinis, and
certain gases by inhalation, as  azote, carbonic
acid, (?) carburetted and sulphuretted hydrogen.
  SEDEM ATTOLLENS, Levator ani.
  SEDES, Anus, Excrement—s.  Cruentas, Dy-
sentery, Hasmatochezia—s. Lacteseentes, Cceliac
flux—s. Procidua, Proctocele.
  SEDHEE, Bangue.
  SED'IMENT, Sidimen'tum, Lemma, Reaiden'-
tio.  Same etymon.  (F.) Depot. A deposit formed
by the precipitation  of some one or more of the
substances held  in solution  or suspension by a
liquid.  That whieh is  formed in urine, at the
time of cooling,  has been called Hypoa'toaia, Hy-
poate'ma, Residen'tia, Subeiden'tia, (F.) Dep6t de
Vurine.  This sediment or deposit varies in dif-
ferent states of the system.   In  calculous affec-
tions, it is one of the most important objects of
attention.
  SEDIMENTUM, Sediment —s. Urinas lateri-
cium, see  Lateritious — s. Urinae pityroides, see
Furfuraceous.
  SEDITIA, Nates.
  SEDLITZ, MINERAL AVATERS  OF, Seid-
litz, Seidachiitz or Seydechiitz water.  Springs in.
Bohemia, near Prague, which are simple  salines. 
SEDON
781
SEMICEPHALUS
They  contain a large quantity  of sulphate  of
magnesia, a little sulphate of soda and sulphate
of lime,  carbonic acid,  carbonates  of lime and
magnesia, and  a resinous matter.(?)  They are
employed as purgatives in  a multitude  of dis-
eases.
  Sedlitz Powders may be formed of jSWa tar-
tarizatu  r^ij, Soda carbon.  Qij,  in  one  paper;
Acid tartaric, gr. xxxv, in another.  For half a
pint of water.
  SEDON  BRULANT,  Sedum— s. Repriee,
Sedum telephium.
  SEDUM, Sedum  acre seu glacia'le seu minua
seu vermicula're, Rlec"ebra, Hellec"ebra,  Illec'-
ebrurn Vermicula're, Vermieula'ri8, Piper mura'le,
Sempervi'vum acre,  Wall pepper,  Stone  crop,
Biting Stone crop, Small Houeeleek, Aei'chryaon,
sEo'nion, (F.) Joubarbe dcre, Orpin brulant, Ver-
miculaire br&lante,  Sedon brulant.  Family, Cras-
sulaceas.  Sex. Syet. Decandria Pentagynia.  In
its  recent state it is very acrid, and proves both
emetic and  cathartic. Externally, in the form of
cataplasm, it produces vesications and erosions.
 It has been recommended in cancerous and ma-
lignant ulcers.
   Sedum, Saxifraga granulata — s. Glaciale,  Se-
 dum—s. Minus, Sedum—s. Majus, Sempervivum
 tectorum—s. Minus, Sedum.
   Sedum Tele'phium, S. telephoides, Faba crasea,
 Craa'aula, 0. Major, Illec"ebra major, Tele'phium,
 Faba'ria cras'sula, Faba  craeaa, Anacamp'aeroa,
 A. al'bicana seu triphyll'a seu vulga'ria,  Orpine,
 (F.) Sidon repriae, Grand  orpin, Feve ipaiaee,
 Joubarbe des vignea, Ac  Formerly used as a
 cataplasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows,
 Ac.
   Sedum Telephoides, S..Telephium—s. Vermi-
 culare,  Sedum.
   SEED, Sperm.
   SEGMENTA CARTILAGINEA, see Trachea.
   SEGNIT"IA, SegnW'iee, from aegnia, 'slug-
 gish.'   Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise of
 a function : — as Segnities  Alvi, Torpor of  the
 bowels : Segnities AriRiuM, Languor.
   SEGNITIES, Segnitia.
   SEGRAY, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Near
 Pithiviers,  in Gatinais, in the French department
 of Loiret, there is a chalybeate spring, which  has
 some reputation.
   SEGU, Sago.
   SEIDLITZ, Sedlitz.
   SEIDSCHUTZ,  Sedlitz.
   SEIGLE, Secale—s.  Ergotee, Ergot.
   SEEN, Uterus, see Mamma.
   SEIRIASIS, Coup de-Soleil.
   SEIZURES, HIDDEN, see Seizures.
   SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit.
   SEL, Salt—«. Admirable de Limery, Magnesias
 sulphas—8. Admirable perli, Soda, phosphate of
 —e. de Cuiaine, Soda, muriate of—s. de Diroane,
 Narcotine—e. d'Egra, Magnesias sulphas—s. Ma-
 rin, Soda, muriate of—s. d'Opium, Narcotine—s.
 de Saturne, Plumbi superacetas—s. de Verre, see
 A'itrum—e. Volatil d'Angleterre, Ammonias car-
 bonas.
   SELAGO, Camphorosma Monspeliaca, Lyco-
 podium  selago.
   SELENE, Moon, see Nail.
   SELENIASIS, Somnambulism.   '
   SELF NI ASM US,  Somnambulism.
   SELENOBLETUS, Lunatic.
   SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism.
   SELERA', Apium graveolens.
   SELFABUSE, Masturbation.
   SELF-HEAL, Prunella.
   SELF-LIMTTED.  An epithet applied to  dis-
 eases which appear to run a definite course, but
little  modified  by treatment, — small-pox,  for
example-
  SELF-POLLUTION, Masturbation.
  SELI'BRA, SemiU'bra, Sembel/a, half a pound.
Six ounces, Troy;  eight, Avoirdupois.
  SELINI'TES, otXivirris.   AVine impregnated
with the seeds of the ctXtvov or smallage. — Dios-
corides.
  SELINUM ANGELICA, Angelica  Sylvestris
— s. Galbanum, Bubon galbanum — s. Impera-
toria, Imperatoria—s. Opoponax, Pastinaca opo-
ponax— s. Oreoselinum, Athamanta  aureoseli-
num—s. Ostruthium, Imperatoria—s. Pastinaca,
Pastinaca sativa—s. Peueedanum, Peueedanum
— s. Pubescens, Angelica sylvestris—s. Sylves-
tre, Angelica sylvestris.
  SELLA, S, Turcica — s. Equina, S. Turcica —
s. Familiarica, Lasanum—s. Obstetricia, Diphrus
—s. Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica.
  Sella  Tur'cica,  Ejdiip'jdum,  Fo8aa  Pitui-
ta'ria,  /Sella,  S.  equi'na   seu  aphenoida'li8,
Turkish  Saddle,   (1\)  Selle  Tnrciqtie  ou  du
Turc.   A  depression  at the upper surface of
the sphenoid bone, which is  bounded, anteriorly
and posteriorly, by  the clinoid processes;  and
lodges the pituitary gland.   It  is so called from
its resemblanee to a Turkish saddle.
  Sella Turcica, Pituitaria  fossa.
  SELLE TURCIQUE, Sella  Turcica — *, dn
Turc, Sella Turcioa.
  SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts.
  SELTZ or SELTZER, MINERAL AVATERS
OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which
is at Seltz, nine leagues from  Strasburgh, and in
the Department of the  Bas-Rhin.   They contain
carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, chloride
of sodium, and much  carbonic  acid.  They are
refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, and aperient.
  Artificial  Seltzer Water may be  made
from muriat. acid. gr. xxxv, water Oj, white mar-
ble gr. iij.  Stop up till dissolved.  Add carbonate
of Magnesia, gr. v, and, after some time, subcar-
bonate of soda,  gr. xxxij.  Close it till used.
   SEMBELLA, Selibra.
   SEMECARPUS  ANACARDIUM,  Avicennia
tomentosa.
   SEMEIOG'RAPHY, Semeiograph'ia, Semio-
graphy, Semiogra'phia, from eitptiov, ' a symp-
tom,' and ypatpi), 'a  description.'   A description
of symptoms or signs of disease.
   SEMEIOL'OGY,  Semeiot'ice, Semiology,  Se-
miotice, Phanomenolog"ia, from  otjixtiov, 'a symp-
tom,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  (F.) Simiiotique.
The branch of pathology whose  object is the doc-
trine of the symptoms or signs of disease.
   SEMEION BOETHEMATICUM, Indication.
   SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology.
   SEMEIOTIQUE, Semeiology.
   SEMEN, Sperm — s. Badian, Illicium  anisa-
tum — s.  Cinas, Artemisia santonica — s. Contra,
Artemisia santonica — s. Contra vermes, Artemi-
sia santonica—s. Masculinum seu virile seu geni-
tale, Sperm—s. Muliebre, Sperm (of the female)
—s. Sanctum, Artemisia santonica—s. Zedoarias,
Artemisia santonica.
   SEMENCE, Sperm.
   SEMENTINA, Artemisia santonica.
   SEMI, from  'n/uou,  'half.'   Semi  or demi, in
composition, universally signifies  'half;' both in
French and English.
   SEMIAN'IMIS, Semimor'tuns,  Sem'inex, Se-
mivi'ru8; from semi, 'half,'  and  animus, 'soul.'
Half-living.  Half-dead.
   SEMI-BULB  OF THE   FEMALE,  Bulbus
vestibuli.
   SEMICANALICULUS, Sulcus.
   SEMICANALS, Sulcus.
   SEMICEPHALUS,  Hemicephalus. 
SEMWIRCULI
782
SEMISPINALS
  SEMICIRCULI OSSEI, Semicircular canals.
  S E MICI R'C U L A R, Semicircula'ria.  That
which represents the half of a circle.
  Semicircular  Canals, Cana'les seu Ductus
eemicircula'rea  seu  tubaform.'ee seu circula'rea,
Semicir'culi os'set, Funea seu Canalic'uli semi-
annula'res labyrin'thi, (F.)  Canaux  demicircu-
lairee, are seated in Jhe pars petrosa of the tem-
poral bone, and open into the vestibule, behind
which they are situate.  They are three in num-
ber, of which one is superior or vertical, cana'lis
semicircula' ris vertica'lis supe'rior; another poste-
rior or oblique, cana'lis semicircula'ria vertica'lia
poate'rior, and the third exterior  or horizontal,
canalie aemicircula'ria horizonta'lie.   Their  pa-
rietes are formed of a bony, compact, hard plate.
Their uses in  audition are not known: at their
termination they have the elliptical arrangements
called ampul'la ; and by both extremities they
open into the vestibule, in the sac at its superior
part—the Sac'culus Ellip'ticua, AVveua seu Utric'-
ulue commu'nia, Utricle, Sinus or Alveus utriculo'-
sus, Sacculus vestibuli or Median sinus.  In front
of the S. ellipticus, nearer the cochlea, and oppo-
site the foramen ovale, is the Sac'culus spher'icus
or  sacculus.
   SEMICIRCULUS EXSCULPTUS, Hiatus
 diaphragmatis aorticus.
   SEMICON'GIUS.  Half a gallon, or four pints.
   SEMICU'BIUM,   Semicnpium,  Inses'sio,  In-
 ces'sio, Eucathis'ma, Excathis'ma, (F.)  Demibain,
 from semi,  'half,'and  cubare, 'to lie down.'  A
 half-bath, or  such as receives  only  the hips or
 extremities.
   SEMICUPIUM, Bath, half, Semi-cubium—Se-
 mi-fibulasus, Peronaeus brevis — Semi-interosseus
 indicis, Abductor indicis — Semi-interosseus pol-
 licis, Opponens pollicis.
    SEMILIBRA, Selibra.
    SEMILLA DEL GUACHARO.  Various kinds
 of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of
 the young Guacharoes, a sort of nocturnal  bird.
 The fruits are  a celebrated  South  American
 remedy in ague.
    SEMILU'NAR, Semiluna'ria,  (F.) Demi-lu-
 naire ou Semi-lunaire, from semi,' half,' and  luna,
 1 the moon.'   Having the shape of a half-moon.
    Semilunar Cart'ilages, Semilunar fibro-car-
 tilages, Sigmoid car'tilages, Cartilag"ines  sig-
 mo'idea seu eemiluna'rea, are two fibro-cartilages,
 which exist between the condyles of the os femo-
 ris and the articular surfaces of the tibia.   The
 innermost, which is longer from before to behind
 than transversely, is nearly semicircular.   The
 outermost forms almost an entire circle ; an ar-
 rangement,  in both  cases, corresponding to the
 different surfaces of the tibia.   They  are thicker
 at their outer circumference, which  is convex,
  than at the inner,  which is concave and  very
  thin.  Both are inserted, before and behind, into
  the spine of the tibia, by means of fibrous fasciae.
     Semilunar Ganglion,—Ganglion abdomina'le
  seu eplanch'nicum  seu  tranever'aum seu sola're,
  G. surrenal,  (Ch.), belongs  to the great sympa-
  thetic.   These ganglia present considerable va-
  riety, and are  deeply  situate  in the abdomen,
  above and behind the supra-renal capsules.  They
  correspond, posteriorly, to the pillars of the dia-
  phragm and the aorta.   They have the shape of
  a  crescent-reversed, often  surrounded by other
  ganglia of a smaller size.  From their periphery
  the numerous filaments proceed, .which -go  to the
  formation .of the solar plexus.
     Semilunar Notch of the Sternum, Fourchette
  — s. ATalves,  Sigmoid  valves — s.  Masculatus,
  Eunuch.
     SEMILUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail.
     SEMI-MAS, Eunuch.
  SEMTMAf'CULUS. Eunuch.
  SEMIMEMBRANOUS. Semimembranosus.
  SEMIMEMBKANO 'S US,  Scinimenibra 'ncu*,
(F.)  hchio-popliti-femoral, hchio-popliti-tibittl,
(Ch.) Dcmimembraneux.  A muscle situate  at the
posterior part of the thigh.  It is flat, thin, nar-
row, and aponeurotic in its upper third ;  broader
and fleshy in the middle, and  tendinous below.
It is attached  above to the tuberosity of the is-
chium;  and below—by a tendon, which has three
divisions—to the outer condyle  of the femur, and
to the posterior and  inner part of the  internal
tuberosity of the tibia.  This muscle is a rotator
inwards, and a flexor of the leg. It can also bend
the thigh upon the leg.  In standing it maintains
the pelvis in position,  and can even draw it down-
wards.
   SEMIMORTUUS,  Semianimis.
   SEMINA CATAPUTIJE MAJORIS, see Rici-
nus communis.
   Se'mina  Frig'ida Majo'ra.  The greater cold
seeds.  The ancients gave this name to the emul-
sive  seeds  of  the cucumber, melon, gourd, and
water-melon.
   Semina Frigida Minora.  The lesser cold eeeda.
The ancients gave this  name to the seeds of the
lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory.
   Semina Ricini Vulgaris, see Ricinus commu-
  SEMINAL, Spermatic—s. Filaments, Sperma-
tozoa—s. Fluid, Sperm—s. Granules, see Granule.
  SEMINALE  MEMBRUM, Penis.
  SEMINALIS, Spermatic.
  SEMINERVOSUS, Semi-tendinosus.
  SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis oris.
  SEMIPESTIS, Typhus.
  SEMINEX, Semianimis.
  SEMINIA MORBORUM, Predisposition.
  SEMINIF'EROUS, from  semen, ' sperm,'and
fero, ' I carry.'  Spermatoph'orous.  An  epithet
given to  the vessels which secrete and convey the
seminal fluid.
 ' SEMINIUM, Sperm.
  SEMIOGRAPHY, Semeiography.
  SEMIOLOGY, Semeiology.
  SEMIOTICE,  Semeiotice—s. Faciei,  Physi-
ognomy.
  SEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplegia.
  SEMISEXTUM, Hemiecton.
  SEMISICIL'ICUS.   A weight of one  drachm
 or three  scruples. — Rhodius.
  SEMISIDERATIO, Hemiplegia.
   SEMISIDERATUS, see Hemiplegia.
   SEMISOMNIS, Coma.
   SEMISOPITUS, Coma.
   SEMISOPORUS, Coma.
   SEMISPECULUM.  An instrument used for
 dilating the incision made into the neck of  the
 bladder  in the  operation  of lithotomy.—Fabricius
 Hildanus.
   SEMISPINA'LIS COLLI, Semispinal'tus colli,
 Artie'ulo-apina'li8, Tranever''eo-8pinali8 Colli, Spi-
 nalis cervi'cie,  Spinalie Colli, Transversa'lis Colli,
 Tranaverao-epinal,  (F.)  Demi-ipineux ou trana-
 veraaire-ipineux du cou.  This muscle arises from
 the transverse processes of  the  six  uppermost
 dorsal vertebras, by an equal number of distinct
 tendons, which  run  obliquely under the com-
 plexus,  and is inserted  in the spinous processes
 of all the cervical vertebras, except the  first and
 last.  Its action is, to extend the neck obliquely
 backwards and to one side.
   Semispinals Dorsi, Semi-apinalie extemue.
  Transrer'80-apinali8 dorsi, Semi-spina'tna, (Rio-
 lan),  Tranaverao-epinal, (F.) Demi-ipineux  du
 doa, Tranaveraaire-ipineux du doe. This muscle
 arises from the transverse  processes of the se-
 venth, eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebrae, 
              SEMISPINATUS

by as  many distinct tendons, which  soon grow
fleshy: and then again  become  tendinous, and
are inserted into the'spinous  processes  of the
sixth or seventh uppermost dorsal, and two low-
est cervical vertebrae, by as many tendons.  Its
action  is, to extend  the  spine  obliquely  back-
wards.
  Semispinals Externus, Semi-spinalis dorsi—
P.  Internus,  Transversalis  dorsi — s. Spinatus,
Longissimus dorsi, Semi-spinalis  dorsi.
  SEMISPINATUS  COLLI, Semispinalis colli.
  SEMIS'SIS, Semis.   The  half of a pound,
ounce, drachm, Ac.
  SEMITENDINOUS, Semi-nervo'eus, (F.) Is-
chio-criti-tibial, lachio-pritibial,  (Ch.) Demiten-
dincux.  This muscle is situate at the posterior
part of the thigh.  It extends obliquely, down-
wards  and inwards, from  the tuberosity  of the
ischium—to which it is attached by a flat tendon,
common to it and the biceps—as far as the pos-
terior and  inner part of the tibia, to which it is
attached by means   of another  round tendon.
Its fibres are commonly interrupted by an apo-
neurosis.   Its uses are the same as those of the
semimembranosus.
   SEMITERTIANA, Hemitritasa — «.   Tierce,
Hemitritaea.
   SEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion.
   SEMIVIR, Eunuch.
   SEMIVIVUS, Semianimis.
   SEM'OLA, BULLOCK'S,  a  farinaceous  ar-
ticle of diet, which  is  recommended as  highly
nutritious and easily digestible, consequently well
adapted for infants and invalids, is said to  consist
of the gluten of wheat, with a small proportion
of starch.  Semola and Semolina resemble each
other greatly.  They appear, indeed,  to be iden-
tical.
   SEMOLI'NA, Manna  croup.   This may be
made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa-
rating the flour from the middlings, dressing the
latter four  different  times in a bolting mill, and
sifting through parchment sieves, until the pro-
duct is perfectly freed from bran.  In Poland it
is called Cracow groats.
   Semolina is generally imported into England
from the Baltic, and  in Russia is said to be ma-
nufactured from buckwheat.  It  has  a granular
form like some  kinds of oatmeal, a dingy white
colour,  a farinaceous, somewhat  insipid,  taste,
and is well adapted for the diet of children affect-
ed with  derangement of the bowels.  A  recent
analysis makes it consist of the gluten of wheat
with a certain proportion of the starch, part of
the latter having been removed.
   SEMPERVIVUM  ACRE, Sedum.
   Sempervivum  Tecto'rum,  S. majus,  House-
Leek, Sedum Majus  seu Tecto'rum, A'izoon, Beia-
halalen,  Buphthalmue,  Barba  Jovia, Sengreen,
Agrioain'ara,  Andrachahara,  Chryeosper'mum,
(F.) Joubarbe dee toite.  The leaves have a mild,
subacid austerity, and are often applied to bruises
and old ulcers.
   SEMUNCIA, Hemiuncion.
   SENA, Cassia senna.
   SEA'E,  Cassia senna — s. d'Amirique,  Cassia
Marilandica—s. Faux, Colutea arborescens.
  SENEBIERA  CORONOPUS, Cochlearia  co-
ronopus.
   SENE'CIO, S. vulga'ris, Erig" erum, Cortalon,
Erigeron, Groundsel, Fireweed, (F.) Scnecon com-
mun.   Family, Corymbiferas.  Sex. Syst. Synge-
nesia Polyganiia Superflua. A common plant in
Europe ; frequently  applied, bruised, to inflam-
mations and ulcers, as refrigerant and anti-scor-
butic
   Senecio  Hieracifolia,  Erechthites hieraci-
folius.
1                   SENSE

  Senecio Jacob^e'a, Jacoba'a, St. James' Wort,
Ragwort, (F.) Jacobie.  The leaves have arough-
ish, bitter, subacid, and extremely nauseous taste.
A decoction has been used in dysentery.  A poul-
tice of the leaves has been recommended in rheu-
matic  affections;  und a  decoction of the root
has often been employed in cases of wounds and
bruises.
  SENECON COMMUN, Senecio.
  SENECTA, Senectus.
  Senec'ta An'guium.  The cast skin of a ser-
pent.  A decoction of it is said to cure deafness !
  Senecta Decrepita, Decrepitude — s. Extre-
ma,  Decrepitude — s. Summa, Decrepitude — s.
Ultima, Decrepitude.
  SENECTUS, Senec'ta, from eenere, 'to be old.'
Geras, Se'nium, jEtas  eeni'lia seu provec'ta seu
mala, Old age, Senil'ity, (F.)  Vielleaae. The last
period of life, commencing, according to some,
at 60 years of age, but varying according to nu-
merous circumstances.   It  is characterized by
progressive diminution of the physical and moral
faculties.
  Senectus Ultima, Decrepitude.
  SENEGA, Polygala senega.
  SEN'EGAL, GUM, Gummi Senegalen'ae seu
Sen'eca seu Sen'ega seu Sen'ica.  The exudation
from the Aca'cia  seu Mimo'sa Senegal—Family,
Leguminosae,  Sex.  Syat.  Polygamia Moncecia—
which  grows  in the country of Africa through
which  the river Senegal runs.  It is in loose or
single  drops, much larger than gum Arabic, or
the gum which exudes from the cherry tree ; and
is much more difficult of solution than the former.
  SENEGINE, see Polygala senega.
  SENEKA, Polygala senega.
  SENEVE,  Sinapis.
  SENGREEN, Sempervivum tectorum.
  SENILE, Seni'lis, from  senere, 'to be old.'
Relating or belonging to old age :—as ' senile de-
lirium  ;' dotage.
  SENILITY, Senectus.
  SENNA, Cassia senna—s. Alexandrina, Cassia
senna—s. American, Cassia Marilandica—s. Blad-
der, Colutea arborescens—s. Essence of, prepared,
Selway's,  see  Infusum  sennas compositum—s.
Germanica, Colutea—s. Italica, Cassia senna,—s.
Prairie, Cassia chamascrista—s. Wild, Cassia cha-
mascrista, Cassia Marilandica.
  SENS, Sense.
  SENSA'TION, Sensa'tio, from  sentire, sen8um,
'to feel;'  sEsthe'ma.  The consciousness or cog-
nizance by the brain of an impression caused by
an external body on the organs of the senses.  (F.)
Sentiment. It is not necessarily, however, confined
to bodies external to us; for we can receive an im-
pression by touching any part of our own body. The
body which communicates the impressions needs
but to  be external to the part impressed.  Sensa-
tions are divided into external, internal and 77ior-
bid.   The  external are communicated by  the five
organs of the  senses.  The internal are such as
occur within the body, and arise from some alter-
ation in the function  of  the  part, for the time
being.   Hunger and thirst  are internal  sensa-
tions, as well as all the natural wants.   Morbid
sensations  may be  either internal or external.
Objec'tive sensations are produced by impressions
on the peripheral  nerves; as in vision, audition,
<!fcc  Subjective sensatione, such as originate cen-
trieally,  or in the encephalon, — as  tinnitus
aurium.
  SENSATIONAL, Sentient,
  SENSE.  Senana,  Sen'aio, .Esthe'sis, (F.) Sms.
Same etymon  as Sensation.  A faculty, possessed
by animals, of appreciating impressions from ex-
ternal  objects. The senses  are five in number:
sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Of these,
78 
SENSIBILITAS
781
SEPTUM
the first two and the last administer more to the
intellect; and, hence, have been called by some,
the intellectual senses:  the other two seem more
destined for the nutrition of  the  body:  and,
hence, have been  termed corporeal  or nutritive
senses.  Other senses have been suggested — as
the intense sensation experienced during the ve-
nereal act; a sense of heat and  cold; a muscular
sense, a common sense  or cosnassthesis, Ac.
  Senses,  Nervous System  op the,  Medulla
oblongata.
  SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility—s. Anomala, see
Irritable — s. Aucta, see Irritable — s. Morbosa,
see Irritable.
  SENSIBILTTY, Sensibil'itas.  Same etymon
as Sensation ;  sEsthe'ma.  The  faculty of receiv-
ing impressions, and having the consciousness of
them. Bichat defines it as the property possessed
by living bodies, of receiving impressions, whe-
ther the individual be  conscious of them or not.
In  the former case, where conscious, he calls the
sensibility animal: in  the latter, where not, he
terms it organic.   This last is  common to vege-
tables and animals, and presides over nutrition,
absorption, exhalation, secretion, Ac.   The other
does  not exist in  vegetables:  it is the origin of
the sensations—olfaction, vision, gustation, audi-
tion,  thirst, hunger, pain, Ac.  There are few
parts of the animal body, but what  are sensible
— if  not in health — in disease.  The free extre-
mities of the hair and nails, and the epidermis,
are not so.  See Insensibility.
   SENSIFEROUS, Sentient.
   SENSIO, Sense.
   SENSITORIUM, Sensorium.
   SENSORI-VOLIT"IONAL.   A term applied
to nervous fibres which pass to and  from the ce-
rebro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned
in sensation and volition.
   SENSO'RIAL,  Sentient.
   Sensorial  Powder, according to  Dr. Wilson
Philip, is composed of the two functions of sen-
sation and volition.  Dr. Darwin included  in it
the power of muscular contraction ;  but it ought
not to be extended to acts in which  there is not
consciousness.
   SENSO'RIUM, Senso'rium commu'ne, Or'ganon
eenso'rium internum, Sensito'rium, Empo'rium spi-
rituum,  yEsthete'rion,   Sen'eory.   The common
centre of sensations.
   SENSORY, Sensorium, Sentient.
   Sensory Gang'lia.  A name  given by Dr.
Carpenter to a series of ganglionic masses at the
base  of the brain, which are in direct communi-
cation with the nerves of sensation—as the olfac-
tory, optic, auditory and gustatory.
   Sensory Nerves, Nerves of senaation, are so
called ^n contradistinction to Motor nerves.  There
are general aenaory nervea — as those connected
with the posterior part of the spinal  marrow, and
 the fifth pair; and special sensory, as those of the
senses.
   SENSES ^EGRITUDINIS, Indisposition—s.
 Osmometricus, Olfaction—s. Perversus, Pseudass-
 thesia.
   SEN'TIENT, Sen'tiena, Sen'eory,  Ide'dg"enoua,
 Seneo'rial, Senaa'tional, Seneiferoua.  Feeling,
 causing feeling.
   Sentient Extremities op  Nerves are their
 minute terminations in the organs.
   SENTIMENT, see  Sensation.
   SEPARATO'RIUM, from eeporo, 'I separate.'
 A surgical instrument, for separating the pericra-
 nium from the skull.
   A Sep'orotory, Vitrum Hypoclep'ticum, is  a
 pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of dif-
 ferent densities from each other.
    SEPEDOGENESIS, Sepedonogenesia.
  SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esia, from
atinc&tav, ' putrescency,' and yivcais, ' generation.'
A septic  disposition or tendency; such as is met
with in typhus gravior.
  SEPES, Sa'pea, 'A  hedge,' 'a row:' as Sepes
seu Se'riea seu Pecten den'tium :—a row of teeth.
  Sepes Dentium, See Sepes.
  SEPHIRUS, Scleriasis.
  SE'PIA, & officina'lia,  Se'pium,  Cuttle-Fieh,
(F.) Seche.  The osseous part of the cuttle-fish—
Pracip'itana mag'num—has been used as an ab-
sorbent, and  is often added to tooth-powders.
  SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A name formerly given to
one who  sold perfumes, ointments,  Ac.   It is
derived from Seplaaia, the name of a public place
at  Capua, where  such  preparations  were  fre-
quently sold.  A druggist.
  SEPSICIVVMIA, Septochymia.
  SEPSIS, Putrefaction.
  SEPTiE'MIA ; from anirros, 'rotten,' and 'aipa,
'blood.'   A morbid  condition of the  blood pro-
duced by septic or putrid matters.
  SEPTANA FEBRIS,  Fever septan.
  SEP'TENARY, Septena'rius, (F.)  Septinaire,
from eeptem, ' seven.'   ' Consisting of seven.'
The septenary years of  the  old believers in cri-
tical  periods were times at  which, it was sup-
posed, important changes  might be expected to
take place.  The grand  climacteric was fixed at
63, and it was considered that if a person  passed
that age, he had well-founded  expectations  that
his life might be protracted to 90.
  SEPTENNIAD, Climacteric, (years.)
  SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilla.
  SEPTIC,  Sep'ticua, Septua, from  ai/irciv,  'to
rot,' anirros, 'rotten.'  That which produces  pu-
trefaction.  A substance which corrodes and dis-
organizes  the soft parts without causing much
pain.
  Septic Poison, see Poison.
  SEPTICEMIA, Septasmia.
  SEPTIMESTRIS  FfflTUS, see Foetus septi-

  SEPTINERVIA, Plantago.
  SEPTOCHYM'IA,  Sepsichym'ia;  from trn^is,
 'putrefaction,'  and  Xvpios, 'juice.'   Putrefaction
 or  putrescency of the humours.
   SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior.
   SEPT'ULUM;  diminutive of septum, 'a parti-
 tion.'  A division between small spaces or cavi-
 ties— as the septula or fibrous cords given off by
 the.mediastinum testis to be  inserted into  the in-
 ner surface of the tunica albuginea.
   SEPTUM, (F.)  Cloison.  A part intended to
 separate two cavities from each other, or to di-
 vide a  principal  cavity into  several secondary
 cavities.
   These septa are numerous in the human body.
 The chief are the following : —
   Septum Cerebelli, Falx  cerebelli—s. Cerebri,
 Falx  cerebri—s. Cochleas auditorias, Lamina spi-
 ralis.
    Septum Cordis, Septum me'dium cordia.   The
 partition which separates the two ventricles of
 the heart.
    Septum Encephali, Tentorium.
    Septum Lu'cidum seu pelluci'dum seu ten'ue et
 pellucidum  seu medium seu Spec'ulum lucidum
 seu Lapiie apecula'rie seu Mediaati'num seu Dia-
 phragma ventriculo'rum latera'lium cer'ebri, Spe-
 culum, (F.)  Septum midian, (Ch.) Cloiaon tnxna-
 parente.  The  soft  portion  or medullary  sub-
 stance, which separates the two lateral ventricles
 of the  brain from  each other.  This septum is
 composed of two laminas; between whieh a small
 cavity exists, filled by a serous  fluid, and called
 the Foasa of Syl'vius, bth ventricle of Cnvier, Sinua
 of the median septum, (Ch.)   The brothers Wen- 
SEPTUM
785
SERUM
zel  are of opinion that this cavity is lined by a
peculiar membrane.
  SEPTUM MEDIAN, S. lucidum—s. Median
du cervelet, Falx cerebelli—s. Medium cerebri, S.
lucidum.
  Septum Na'rium, Intereeptum seu Diesepimen'-
tum  seu  Interfi'nium  seu Diacri'men seu Imbrex
seu Diophrag''ma na'rium, (F.) Cloiaon dea Foaaes
naaalea.  The partition between the nares.  It is
formed by the vomer, the perpendicular plate of
the ethmoid bone, and a cartilage  of a triangular
Bhape.  These parts are lined by the pituitary
membrane, which receives a considerable number
of nerves and vessels.
  Septum Nasi, see Nares.
  Septum Parvum Occipitale, Falx cerebelli—
s. Pectiniforme, see Cavernous bodies—s. Pellu-
cidum, S. Lucidum—s. Scalas, Lamina spiralis—
s. Staphylin,  Velum pendulum palati — s. Tenue
et pellucidum, S. lucidum — s. Thoracis, Medias-
tinum— s. Traneveree, Tentorium — s. Transver-
sum, Diaphragm — s.  Vestibuli nervoso-membra-
naccura,  see Labyrinth.
  SEPTUS,  Septicus.
  SEPUM, Sevum.
  SEQUES'TRUM, from eequeetro, 'I separate.'
The portion  of bone, in  necrosis, which is dead,
and separated from the living bone; acting, whilst
retained, as  an extraneous  body.   AVhen the se-
questrum is  superficial and small, it is  called
Exfolia'tion.
  SERAPEUM, Syrup.
  SERAPINON, Sagapenum.
  SERAPIUM, Syrup.   .
  SERBET,  Scherbet.
  SERTCUM, Silk; from Serea— the Thibetans
probably — from  whom  it  was first  obtained.
(F.)  Sole.    The  thread spun  by the  Bombyx
Mori or Silkworm.  Silk is used by surgeons for
ligatures, Ac.
  Sericum Anglicum, see Sparadrapum adhassi-
vum.
  SERIES DENTIUM, see Sepes.
   SERIEUX, Serious.
   SERINGUE, Syringe.
   SERIOLA, Cichorium intybus.
   SE'RIOUS, (F.)  Sirieux, Grave.  A term ap-
plied to a disease, Dyspathi'a, Morbus gravis, and
to a symptom that is attended with danger.
   SERIS, Cichorium  intybus.
   SERMOUNTAIN,  Laserpitium album.
   SERO-COLITIS, see Colitis.
   SERO-CYSTIC, Sero-cyst'icus.   An epithet to
tumours  of the female breast, which  consist, in
the  first stage, of one or more membranous cysts,
produced perhaps by dilatation of portions of the
lactiferous tubes.
   SERO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
   SER'OLIN, from serum,' whey.'  A fatty mat-
ter  detected in the  blood  by Boudet,  Lecanu,
Sanson, and  others.
   SEROSITE, Serum.
   SEROSITY, Serum.
  SEROUS,  Sero'sus, (F.) Sireux.  Thin ; watery.
Relating to  the most watery portion of animal
fluids, or to membranes that secrete them.  See
Serum.
  Serous Layer, see Tache embryonnaire.
  Serous Membranes,  Membranes, serous.
  SERPEDO, Psoriasis.
   SERPENT, Serpene, Anguis, Ophis;  from
terpo, ' I creep.'  A snake.
  Snake Broth was, at one time, recommended
as a restorative.
  Manv  serpents are  venomous : and the bites of
some fatal.   See Poisons, Table of.
   SERPENTAIRE NOIRE, Actasa racemosa.
  SERPENTARIA,  Aristolochia serpentaria —
       50
s. Gallorum, Arum dracunculus — s.  Hispanica,
Scorzonera—s. Minor, Arum maculatum—s. Ni-
gra, Actasa racemosa.'
  SERPENTARLE  BRAZILIENSIS RADIX,
Cainca? radix.
  SERPEN TIN, see Alembic.
  SERPENTINE, Ophites.
  SERPENTINES, Ophites.
  SERPES, Herpes.
  SERPIGINOUS,  from eerpere,  'to  creep.'
An  epithet  given  to certain  affections,  which
creep, aa  it were,  from one part to  another,—
' Serpiginous erysipelas,' (F.) Erysipele serpigi-
nenx.
  SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen pso-
riasis.
  SERPILLUM, Thymus  serpyllum.
  SERPOLET, Thymus serpyllum.
  SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum.
  SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum —s. Citra-
tum, see Thymus serpyllum.
  SERRA, Saw-^s. Amputatoria, Saw, amputa-
tion — s. A'ersatilis, Trepan.
  SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, Family, Cynaroce-
phaleas.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia asqua-
lis.    A species of Sawwort,  recommended in
ague.
  Serratcla Behen, Centaurea behen.
  SERRATUS ANTICUS MINOR, Pectoralis
minor — s. Major, Serratus magnus.
  Serra'tus Magnus.  So called from  its ser-
rated appearance;  from serra, ' a saw.' Serratus
major anti'cus,  Serratus major,  (F.) Costobasi-
scapulaire, Costo-scapulaire, (Ch.,) Grand denteli.
A very broad  (especially  anteriorly,) thin, flat,
irregularly quadrilateral muscle, situate  at  the
sides  of the thorax.   It is attached, before, to
the external surface of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as
many distinct  digitations; and, behind,  to  the
spinal edge of the  scapula.  The superior fibres
are almost horizontal; the lower become gradu-
ally more  and more oblique upwards and back-
wards. This muscle carries the scapula forwards,
and causes it to execute a  movement  of rotation,
which directs its inferior angle forwards, and the
anterior upwards.  When  the shoulder is fixed,
it raises the ribs.
  Serratus Posti'cus Inferior, (F.)  Dorso-
lombo-costal, Lombo-costal, (Ch.,)  Petit  denteli
postirienr et infirieur.  A broader and thinner
muscle  than the  following,  but nearly  of  the
same shape.  It is situate  obliquely at the lower
part of the ba*k; and extends  from  the spinous
processes  of the last two  or  three dorsal verte-
bras,  and  the  first two or three lumbar, to  the
inferior margin of the last four false ribs. This
muscle depresses the ribs, and thus concurs in
expiration.  It is an antagonist to the next.
  Serratus Posti'cus Supe'rior, (F.)  Cervici-
doreo-coatal, Dorso-costal,  (Ch.) Petit denteli su-
pirieur.    A flat, thin,   quadrilateral  muscle;
situate obliquely at the posterior inferior  part of
the neck,  and the superior part of the back.  It
passes from the posterior  cervical ligament, the
spinous process of the last  cervical vertebra;
from  the  spinous  processes of the first  two or
three dorsal, to the  second, third, fourth, and
fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted by as many
dictations.  It raises the ribs,  and is, conse-
quently, an inspiratory muscle.
  SERTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium melilotus.
  SERUM, Sperm.
  Serum, 'whey.'   Orrhos, Oroa, Seros'ity, (F.)
Sirositi.   The most watery portion of animal
fluids, exhaled by  serous membranes.   It is  a
constituent part of blood,  milk, Ac.
  Serum  of  the  Blood,  Ha'mydor,  Orrhos,
Ichor san'guinis, (F.) Siruin du  Sang,  is  the 
SERUM                  786                 SEVUM
liquid  which separates from  the blood,  when
coagulated at rest.  It is of a greenish-yellow
colour; viscid, slightly  coagulable by heat, acids,
and alcohol.   It is composed of water; chloride
of sodium;  certain phosphates ;  and albumen,
constantly united  to soda, almost in a  sapona-
ceous combination.
  The fluid which exudes from the albumen of
the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat,
is by  some called 8eroaity.
  SERUM DU SANG, S. of the blood.
  Serum Lactis,   Aqua lactia;  Serum  of
Milk,  Whey,  (F.)  Sirnm du  lait,  Petit lait.
That  part of milk, from which the butter and
caseous matter  have  been  separated.  It is a
transparent,  citrine-coloured liquid, containing
sugar  of milk, mucilage,  acetic acid, phosphate
of lime,  and some other  saline substances.  It
is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refri-
gerant.
  Serum  Lactis  Hoffman'ni,  (F.) Petit-lait
d'Hoffmann, is a name given  to the liquid  re-
sulting from treating  with  boiling  water milk
which has been evaporated to an almost solid
consistence.  It is not much used.
  Rennet Whey  is made  thus: milk 2  pints;
rennet ^ss, infused in a little hot water; mix and
keep  in a gentle heat for some hours, then  strain.
—Gray.
  Serum of Serous  Membranes, Serum mem-
branarum eeroaa'rum,   IVafer  of Dropay, (F.)
Serum dea membranea  aireuaea,  Eau des  hydro-
piques.   It resembles  the serum of the blood,—
especially in cases of  hydrocele.  The water of
hydrothorax and ascites contains much  less al-
bumen :—sometimes enough to coagulate  on  the
application of heat: at others, not,
   SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus acuparia —
s. Tree, Sorbus domestica.
   SERVIETTE EN CARRE, Couvrechef.
   SES'AMOID, Sesamoi'des,  Seaamo'dea, Seea-
mo'ideus, from anoapn, 'a grain of sesamum,' and
ri<5oj, ' resemblance.'
   Sesamoid Bones, Ossa seu Ossic'ula seeamdi-
dea, are small bones,  situate in the  substance of
tendons,  near  certain  joints.   Their number is
various.   They are commonly more in the male
than  female.   Two are constantly met  with  be-
neath the metatarso-phalangal articulations of
the  great toe.  Sometimes, the articulations of
other bones of the metartarsus with the pha-
langes of the toes have them  likewise.   In  the
hand, there are two before the metacarpo-pha-
langal joint of the thumb.  At  times, they  are
met with in the other  metacarpo-phalangal arti-
 culations.  Occasionally, two  exist behind  the
 condyles of the femur, in the tendons  of  the
gastrocnemii muscles.  A considerable os sesa-
moideum is also met with in the tendon of  the
peronaeus longus.  These bones are commonly
 round, and flattened  only on one surface, which
is incrusted with  cartilage,  Their size  is very
 variable, according to the joints in which they
 exist.   Traces of sesamoid bones  are not  ob-
 served in infants: in them, they are replaced by
 small, cartilaginous concretions.  They are  de-
 veloped by  a single  point of ossification :  and
 are, like  the  patella (which is  a true sesamoid
 bone,) composed  of  much cellular substance,
 covered by a thin layer of compact  tissue.   The
 uae of these bones is, — to allow the tendon to be
 inserted  into the lever at a greater angle;  and
 thus enable the  power to act  more  advanta-
 geously.
   Riolan has given the name Ossa sesamoidea to
 two  bony points sometimes met with;—the  one
 at the outer side of the carotid canal of the tem-
poral bone; and the other at  the  edge of the
cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal caro-
tid artery.
  SESAMUM, see Sesamum orientale.
  Ses'amum Orienta'le, S. edu'le seu oleif'erum,
Benne, Oily Grain.  The seeds of  this African
plant are cultivated in Georgia and South Caro-
lina, where the negroes use them with Indian corn
as an article of food.  They yield a larger propor-
tion of oil than any other vegetable ; one hundred
weight producing ninety  pounds of oil, which is,
at least, equal to Florence oil.
  Benne oil, Oleum Sea'ami, is used in  the South-
ern  States as a laxative.   The leaves — Sesa-
mum (Ph. U. S.) — afford, by infusion, an  excel-
lent mucilage.
  SESCUN'CIA, Sesquiun'cia, Hemiol'ion.  An
ounce and  a half.  See Sesqui.
  SESELI, Laserpitium siler — s.  iEgopodium,
Ligusticum podagraria — s. Annuum,  S. tortuo-
sum — s. Carum, Carum — s. Carvi, Carum — s.
Creticum,  Tordylum  officinale — s. Feeniculifo-
lium, Sison ammi—s. Graveolens, Apium grave-
olens — s. Meum, iEthusa  meum — s.  Patens, S.
tortuosum — s. Pratense, Peueedanum silaus — «.
dee Pres, Peueedanum silaus.
  Ses'eli  Tortuo'sum,  Seseli  Massilien'se  seu
an'nuum seu patens, QSnan'the etria'ta rig"ida,
Hartwort of Marseilles.   The seeds  have a warm
taste; and a greater degree of pungency than
those of Laserpitium  siler, which is the Seseli of
the Pharmacopoeias.
  SESQUI.  This word, joined with  any num-
ber, weight, measure, Ac, signifies  one  and a
half; as eeequigranum, 'a grain and half.'
  SESQUIUNCIA, Sescuncia.
  SETA EQUI'NA, 'a horse's hair.'  Hairworm,
Helmin'thue Gor'dii.  A kind of worm, found in
stagnant water, from  4 to 6 inches  long,  and
twisted into various knots and  contortions; co-
lour  pale-brown,  with  dark  extremities.   It  is
common in  the intestines of  the Laplanders;
causing the Col'ica Lappon'ica, in which the gri-
pings are,  at times, exceedingly severe.
  SETA'CEUM, Seto, Seton, from seta, 'a bristle.'
A long strip of  fine  linen or cotton twist, passed
through the skin and areolar membrane, to keep
up an  issue; or through suppurating cavities,
between the fragments  of fractured  bones, Ac,
to fulfil certain indications.   The term is, also,
applied  to the  issue so established.   The opera-
tion  is simple.   It  consists in laying hold of a
fold of skin, and  passing a seton-needle through
it, with the thread attached.  Every day a fresh
portion of the thread is drawn through the sore.
 Setons are established  in many diseases; — in
 obstinate  ophthalmias,  cephalalgias;  epilepsy,
 thoracic and abdominal affections, Ac.; but they
 are  not as much used as formerly.
   SETARIA ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella.
   SETFAST, see Furunculus.
   SETO, Seiaceum.
   SETON, Setaceum.
   SETTERAVORT, Helleborus fcetidus.
   SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla.
   SEA^ATIO, Steatoma.
   SEVE, Sap.
   SEVRA GE, Weaning.
   SEVUM, Pinguedo.
   Sevum, Sebum, Sepiim, Stear,  Adepa ovil'li,
 Sevum verveci'num.   Suet,. mutton  suet;  Pin-
 guedo.
   Sevum  Pr^para'tum,  Sevum (Ph. U. S.),—
 Ovil'li  Sevum   Prapara'tum,  Prepared  Suet,
 (F.) Grai8se dc  Mouton, Suif, is  formed  by
 cutting  suet in  pieces; melting over  a slow fire,
 and straining  through  linen.    It is emollient, 
SEX
787
SIBBENS
and  ia sometimes  boiled  in  milk  (gij to Oj),
and  is  used in diarrhcea and  dysentery.   Its
principal  employment is  in the formation  of
plasters.
  Sevum Vervecincm, Sevum.
  SEX, Sexua, Genoa, Phyaia.  The physical dif-
ference between  male and  female in  animals and
vegetables;—as the Male eex, Sexue po'tior seu
for'Hor  seu  viri'lia;  and  the  Female  sex,
Sexua seq'uior,  S.  mulie'brie, Alter Sexua. ' The
Sex.'
  SEXTANS, Sexto pare libra.  The sixth part
of a  pound.— Galen.
  SEXTA'RIUS.   An ancient measure for  li-
quid and  solid  substances.   See Weights and
Measures.
  SEX'TULA,   Hexagium, 'efaytov.  The sixth
part of an ounce.
  SEX'UAL, Sexua'lie, from sexue, 'sex.'   That
which relates to  the sex; which characterizes the
sex.
  Sexual Diseases, Morbi sexua'les, are the dis-
eases of the genital organs; as Sexual Func-
tions are the genital functions.
  Sexual Intercourse,  Coition — a.  Organs,
Genital organs.
  SEXUS, Sex  — s. Alter, see Sex — s. Fortior,
Bee Sex — s. Muliebris,  see  Sex — s. Potior, see
Sex — s. Sequior, see Sex — s. Virilis, see Sex.
  SEYDSCHUTZ AVATER, Sedlitz water.
  SHALLOT, Echalotte.
  SHAMPOO'ING, Massing,  (F.)  Massage,
Maa8ement.  A  Hindoo  process, which  consists
in pressing  the  body of the bather in a peculiar
manner; cracking the various  joints,  and em-
ploying blows and  friction.
  'Kneading' consists  in  pressing  alternately
upon a part of the  body to arouse the muscles to
more energetic action.  It is employed at times
in dvspepsia.
  SHAMROCK, INDIAN, Trillium latifolium—
6. Water, Menyanthes verna.
  SHANKER,  Chancre.
  SHARON  SPRINGS, NEW YORK.   These
springs, which are situate about 10  or  12 miles
south of Canajoharie, N.  Y., and 45 miles west
of Albany, are much frequented.  They contain,
according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, sulphate
of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium,
chloride of magnesium, sulphohydrate of sodium,
Bulphohydrate of  calcium, vegetable extractive
matter,  and free sulphohydric  acid gas.  Their
temperature is 48° Fahr.
  SHEATH, Vagina.
  SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia.
  SIIELLBARK,  see Hickory.
  SHELL FLOAVER,  Trillium latifolium — s.
Liquid, see  Calcis  murias — s. Membrane, Mem-

  SHEPHERD'S  PURSE, Thlaspibursa.
  SHERBET, Scherbet^s. Orange, see Syrupus
aurantii.
  SHERMAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm
lozenges, Sherman's.
  SHERRY, Sack, see Wine.
  SHIELD. WATER, Nelumbium luteum.
  SHIN,  O'crea,  Criata  tib'ia.  The apine  or
anterior part of the tibia or leg. It is, also, called
Anticne'mion. and  Crea.
  SHINGLES,  Herpes zoster.
  SHIP FEVER, see Typhus.
  SHOCK, see Concussion.
  SHORT, Sax. reeonc, from rcinan, 'to cut, to
shear,' ehored, ahor'd, 8hort, (F.) Court.  A word
used, by anatomists, in  opposition to long; and
to distinguish parts from each other that have
otherwise the same name.
  Short Bones, for example, are those in which
the three dimensions—length, breadth, and thick-
ness — are nearly alike; such are the vertebra,
bones of the carpus, tarsus, Ac.
  Short Ribs, see Costa.
  SHORTSIGHTED, Myopic.
  SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
  SHORTAVINDED, Pursy.
  SHOTBUSII, Aralia spinosa.
  SHOULDER-BLADE, Scapula.
  SHOVEL PICKEREL AVEED, Unisema del-
tifolia — s. Pond, Unisema deltifolia.
  SHOAV, see Parturition.
  SHOAV-CHOO, see Spirit.
  SHOWER-BATH, see Bath.
  SHRUB, perhaps, from Arabic, aharab,' syrup.'
A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and sugar.
  Shrub, Sweet, Calycanthus—s. Sweet-scented,
Calycanthus.
  SHUD'DERING, Frem'ilue, Phryag'ma, from
(G.)  Schauder, Schauer,  (F.) Frimisseinent,
Treaaaillement.   A peculiar sensation, felt either
externally or internally; and which seems to be
the result of a spasmodic movement of the parts
in which  it  occurs.  A slight  feeling  of cold
sometimes accompanies  it.  It is, at times, the
result  of a moral cause, and is often the precur-
sor of shivering.
  SHUMAC, Rhus coriaria.
  SIAGANTRI'TIS,  from aiaytav,  'the jaw,'
avrpov,  ' a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion.   Inflammation  of the lining membrane of
the antrum of Highmore.
  SIAGON, Maxillary bone.
  SIAGO'NAGRA, from atayiav, 'the jaw,' and
aypa, ' a seizure.' Arthri'tis mttxilla'ris. A gouty
or rheumatic affection of the joint of the  lower
jaw.
  SIALACHUS, Salivation.
  SIAL'AGOGUE, Sialqgo'gua,Sial'ogogue,Pty-
al'agogite, Ptyaa'magogue, Sali'vana, Saliva'tum,
Sialocinet'icus,  Apophlegmat1'isans per  os,  (F.)
Salivant; from ataXov, 'saliva,' and ayia, 'lex-
pel.' That which provokes the secretion of saliva.
Pyrethrum and mercury are sialogogues.  Siala-
gogues may be of two kinds, — those which act
through the circulation,  and those which act im-
mediately on the salivary organs.  Mercury be-
longs to the former, — pyrethrum to  the latter
class.   The chief sialagogues are armoraci, cala-
mus, mezereum, pyrethrum, tabacum, and zin-
giber.
  SIALTCA, from ataXov,  'saliva.'  Medicines,
which affect the salivary glands. — Pereira.
  SIALISMUS, Salivation.
  SIALOCINETICUS,  Sialagogue.
  SIALOLITHI, Calculi, salivary.
  SIALOLOG"IA,  from ataXov, 'saliva,' and
Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  A treatise on saliva.
  SIALOMA. Saliva.
  SIALON, Saliva.
  SIALORRHEA, Salivation.
  SIALOSCHESIS,  from  ataXov,  'saliva,' and
axtats,  ' retention.'   Retention or suppression of
the saliva.
  SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistulas.
  SIALOZEMIA,  Salivation — s.  Mercurialis,
Salivation, mercurial.
  SIAMESE TAVINS, see Twins, Siamese.
  SIBARE, Phrenitis.
  SIBBENS, Sirvens, Frambce'sia Sco'tica. An
infectious disease in  the mountainous  parts of
Scotland, viewed  to  be of the venereal kind.
Siwin. in the Keltic, means raspberry ; and it is
said that, in this affection, fungi appear like rasp-
berries.  From siwin, the inhabitants have made
sierin,  aibben, m'bbena, and  airvena.  By  some,
this  affection is regarded as a complication of the 
                 SIBILANT                7

venereal  and  itch.   In the  Orkneys, sibbena
means itch. — Jamieson.
  SIBILANT, Sib'ilus, Sib'ilana, from aibilo, 'I
hiss or whistle.'  Making a hissing or whistling
sound.  See Rdle aibilont.
  SIBILTSMUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
  SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
  SICCAN'TIA, from eieeare, 'to dry.'  Xeran'-
tica,  (F.) Siceatifa.  Drying medicines. — Galen.
  Siccantia. Desiccativa.
  SICCATIFS, Siccantia.
  SICCATIO,  Drying.
  SICCIIA'SIA, oixxaota, 'disgust.' A distress-
ing disgust for food;  such as is experienced by
women with child.
  SICIL'ICUM.  A Roman weight of about two
drachms.
  SICK,  Sax.  feoc, xEger, JEgro'tue, Noe'eroe,
Noao'dea, Jacena, Loborio'ana, Laborana,  (F.) Ma-
lade.  Labouring under disease. Such is its accep-
tation in old English, and generally in the United
States. In England, it most commonly means,—
affected with disorder of the stomach or nausea.
  A  sick person, JEger, ^Egro'tua,  (F.) Malade,
who is under the charge of a physician is said to
be a. patient, or the patient of the physician.  At
times, but rarely, patient is used for a  sick per-
son in the abstract.
  Sick Stomach, Milk sickness.
  SICKLY, 3Iorbo'aii8,  Valetudina'riua, Adyn'-
atoa,  Noaac'ero8, Noao'de8, Morboae, (F.) Maladif.
One  who  is subject  to  be  sick,  or  is in feeble
health.
  SICKNESS, Disease —a. Falling, Epilepsy —
s. River, Milk sickness — a. of the Stomach, Vo-
miting— s. Swamp, Milk sickness.
  SICLIUM, Sieilicum.
  SICUA, Cupping-glass.
  SICULA,  Beta, Penis.
  SICYEDON, Cauledon.
  SIDA ABUTILON, Abutilon cordatum.
  SIDE,  PAIN  IN THE,  Pleurodynia.
  SIDERA'TIO, Sydera'tio, Sidera'tion, from
eidua, 'a star;'  because the condition was thought
to be produced by the influence of the stars. The
state  of one struck suddenly, without apparent
cause, and as if by the influence of the  stars or
planets—Planet-atruck.  The ancients comprised,
under this name,  different  morbid conditions,
such  as paralysis, apoplexy, and gangrene.
  Sideratio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis —
s. Ossis, Spina ventosa.
  SIDERATION, Astrobolismos, Sideratio.
  SIDERION. Ferramentum.
  SIDERITES,  Magnet.
  SIDERITIS, Magnet, Teucrium chamaspitys.
  SIDEROS, Ferrum.
  SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito.
  SIDHEE, see Gunjah.
  SIDMOUTH (CLIMATE OF).  Sidmouth is
in  Devonshire, England, on the sea-beach, at
the mouth of the Sid.  It is much frequented by
invalids,  both during the  summer and winter.
The  climate is,  however, damp,  and subject to
sea-fogs.
  SIEGE, Anus.
  SIELISMOS,  Salivation.
  SIELON, Saliva.
  SIEVE, see  Cribration — s. Drum, see Cribra-
tion.
  SIFFLEMENT (F.), from aijfler, ' to whistle.'
Whistling.
  SIFFLEMENT MODULE, Chant des artlree,
Bruit musical,  'modulated whistling, or music of
the arteries.'  A kind of sound heard on auscul-
tation, resembling, at times, the humming of cer-
tain  insects.
                  SILENE

  The sound is chiefly met with in thoselabour-
ing under chlorosis.
  SIGAULTIAN SECTION, Symphyseotomy.
  SIGE, Taciturnity.
  SIGH, Suspirium.
  SIGHT, Vision — s. Askew, Dysopia lateralis
— s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia — s.
Feebleness of,  Amblyopia.
  SIGILLUM SALAMONIS,  Convallaria poly-
gonatum — s. Virginitatis, Hymen.
  SIGMATOID, Sigmoid.
  SIGMOID, Siymoid'al, Sig'matoid, Sigmo'i'dee,
Sigmo'des, Sigmo'i'deus.  That which has  the
form of the Greek S or C; from sigma, and ctios,
'resemblance.'
  Sigmoid Cartilages, Semilunar cartilages.
  Sigmoid Cavities or Fossae of the Ulna, (F.)
Cavitis ou Foasea aigmo'ides, are two notches at
the upper part of that bone, — one for the recep-
tion of the hnmerus; the other for that of  the
radius.
  Sigmoid Flexure  of the  Colon,  Flexu'ra
aigmo'i'dea, is a turn the colon takes immediately
before its termination in the rectum.
  Sigmoid or Semilunar Valves,  Valvula Sig-
mo'i'dea, Procea'8U8 Sigmo'i'dea, (F.) Valvulea eig-
mo'idea ou semilunoires, are three valvular folds,
at the commencement of the  pulmonary artery
and aorta.  These valves  have the form of a
crescent, when applied  against the parietes of
the vessel.  When the blood  is sent from  the
ventricles by  their contraction, the valves  are
applied against the sides of the vessel; but, dur-
ing the  diastole of the ventricle,  they are  de-
pressed, and prevent the blood from returning to
the heart. At the middle of  the  convexity of
each valve is a small, hard,  triangular granulum,
called Corpus'culum seu Glob'ultts Aron'tii, which
completely closes  up  the passage.  It is, also,
called Corpuaculum Morgogn'ii, and  C. SeaamoV-
deum, (F.) Globule d'Arantius.
  SIGN,  Signum, Semi'on, (F.) Signe.  Any
present or past circumstance, afforded by the  ex-
amination of a patient, or of matters concerning
him, whence a conclusion may be drawn regard-
ing the nature and seat of his disease.  The phe-
nomena which precede the disease are  called  an-
amnea'tic or commem'orative 8ign8;—those which
accompany  it are  termed diagnostic,  if they
reveal the nature  or seat of the disease, —pro-
gnos'tic, when  they indicate its probable duration
and termination.
  SIGNA ASSIDENTIA, see  Assidens.
  SIG'NATURE,  Signatu'ra,  Signa'tw,  from
signum,  ' a sign;' Epiaphagiam'oe.   This term
was applied  in  the Eastern  countries,  in  the
middle ages, to mystic characters of good or bad
augury, with which it was pretended that every
one was  marked by the star under which he was
born.
  Signatures op Plants meant certain peculia-
rities in their external formation or colour, which
indicated that they were adapted  for particular
diseases :—as in  the case of the Lungwort, Liver-
wort, Ac.
  SIGNES AVANT-COUREURS, Precursory
signs—s. Pricuraeura, Precursory signs.
  SIGNUM, see Parturition — s.  Characteristi-
cum, see Pathognomonic — s. Conjunctum,  see
Pathognomonic — s. Diacriticum, see Diacritica
sigma—s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic.
  SILACH, Silac.  An Arabic word, used to
designate thickening of the eyelids, Craaeit"ie»
Palpebra!rum ; and, also,  Alopecia. — Forestus,
Stephanus.
  SILENCE,  see Murmur, respiratory.
  SILENE CRASSIFOLIA, Cucubalus behen—
58 
SILER
789
SINUS
 b. Inflata, Cucubalus behen — s. Thorei, Cucuba-
 lus lichen.
   Silk'nE Virgin'ica, Ground Pink, Wild Pink,
 Catch Fly.  The root has been  employed, in de-
 coction, as an efficacious anthelmintic.
   SILER  LANCIFOLIUM, Laserpitium  siler
 — s. Montanum, Laserpitium siler.
   SIL'IQUA, dera'tion; the carat.   A weight
 of about four grains.  A pod.
   Siliqua Arabica,  Taraarindus—s. Araei  aro-
 roatici, see Vanilla—s. Banillas, see ATanilla—s.
 Dulcis, Ceratonium siliqua—s. Vaniglias, see Va-
 nilla—s. Vanillin*, sec Aranilla.
   SILIQUASTIUIMPLINII,Capsicum annuum.
   SILK, Sericum —s. AVeed, Asclepias Sullivan-
 tii,  Asclepias tuberosa—s. Weed, common, Ascle-
 pias Syriaca — s. AVorin,  see Sericum.
   SILLON,  Sulcus — s. Horizontal de la  veine
 ombiUcale, see Liver — s. Tronaveraale, see Liver
 — s. de la Veine cave infirieur,  see Liver — 8.  de
 la Veine porte, see Liver.
   SILO, Camus.
   SILPHIUM, Laserpitium.
   Sil'phium Perfolia'tum,  Cup Plant, Turpen-
 tine Sun Flower,  and
   Silph'ium Terebinthina'ceum, Pra'irie Bur-
 dock, Roain  Weed; Nut.  Order,  Compositas ; in-
 digenous in  Ohio and Michigan, and flowering
 from July to September; yield a fragrant gum,
 which is esteemed stimulant and antispasmodic.
   SILUS, Camus.
   SILVER, Argentum—s. Ammonio-chloride of,
 see  Argentum — s. Chloride of, see Argentum —
 s. Chloruret of, see Argentum—s. Cyanide of, see
 Argentum — s.  Cyanuret of, see Argentum — s.
 Iodide of,  sees' Argentum — s. Ioduret of, see Ar-
 gentum—s. Leaf,  Magnolia macrophylla—s. Mu-
 riate of, see Argentum — s. Nitrate of, Argenti
 nitras—s. Oxide of, see Argentum — s. and Am-
 monia, Chloride  of,  see Argentum — s. and Am-
 monia, Chloruret of, see Argentum.
   SILYBUM, Carduus marianus—s. Maculatum,
 Carduus marianus — s. Marianum,  Carduus ma-
 rianus.
   SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba — s. Bitter,
 Quassia simarouba—a. Faux, Malpighia mourella.
   SIMARUBA, Quassia simarouba.
   Simaruba Cedron.  A South American  tree,
 the  seeds  of which — cedron eeeda — have been
 used as an antidote for snake-bites.  They have,
 also, been proposed  in  mental diseases and in
 epilepsy.   The scrapings  of the  wood have been
 used as a substitute for sulphate of quinia.
   Simaruba Officinalis, Quassia simarouba.
   SIMILATIO, Assimilation.
   SIMITIUM, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   SIMO, Camus.
   SIMONEA FOLLICULORUM, Acarus folli-
 culorum.
   SIMOTRACHELUS, Bysauchen.
   SIMPLES.  Medicinal herbs.  One skilled in
 simples is called a Simplist, a Rhizot'omist.
   SIMPLIST, see Simples.
   SIMULATED  DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
   SIMULATI  MORBI, Feigned diseases.
   SIM US, Camus.
   SIN A LEA'AN TIC A, Artemisia santonica.
   SINAPEL.E'ON, from ctvairt, 'mustard,' and
 iXatov, ' oil.'  Oil  impregnated with mustard.
   SIN API, Sinapis.
   SINA'PIS, Sinapis nigra seu cer'nua seu Olive-
 ria'na, Bras'sica  nigra, A^tpus, Eru'ca, Sina'pe,
 Sina'2>i, A'a'jiiiim. Napy, Common Black Mustard,
 (F.)  Mo&tarde noire,  Sineri, Sanre.    Family,
 Cruciferir.   Sex.  Syst. Tetradvnamia  Siliquosu.
 The  seeds are inodorous, when entire; but. when
 bruised, the odour is very pungent: taste bitterish
and acrid.  They yield their virtues to water, and
 afford a bland  oil by expression.  The seeds are
 stimulant, diuretic, emetic, and rubefacient.  They
 are sometimes recommended  to  be  swallowed
 whole, in dyspepsia, torpor of the  bowels,  Ac.
 Externally, they are applied in the form of cata-
 plasm.  See Sinapism.
   Sinapis Alba, S. folio'sa, Bonannia officina'lis,
 White Mustard, A'apits Leucosina'pis, is also ut-cd
 medicinally.  It is somewhat less pungent than
 the black.  The distilled oil—Oleum Sinajjis—is
 a powerful stimulant and rubefacient.
    Whitehead'e Essence of Muetard consists of oil
 of turpentine, camphor, and a portion of spirit of
 Roeemary:  to which is  added a small quantity
 of flour of muetard.   It  is a celebrated embroca-
 tion for rheumatism, Ac.
    Whitehead's Eaaence of Mustard Pills consist
 of yellow resin and balsam of tolu enough to
 make into pills.
   Mustard Whey is made by taking bruised mus-
 tard seeds ^ss, and milk Oj. Boil together until
 the milk is curdled, and  strain.
   This whey is used in dropsy.
   Sinapis Arven'sis, S. Timoria'na, Charlock,
 Wild Mustard, has the  seeds sometimes substi-
 tuted for  black mustard.
   Sinapis Cer'nua,  Sinapis — s. Eruca, Brassica
 eruca—s. Foliosa, S. alba—s. Oliveriana, Sinapis
 —s. Tamoriana, S. arvensis — s. Tuberosa,  Bras-
 sica rapa,
   SINAPISIS, Bole Armenian.
   SIN'APISM, Sinapis''mus, from atvairt, 'mus-
 tard.'   A cataplasm, of which mustard forms  the
 basis,  which is used for exciting redness, and
 acting as a counter-irritant.  It is prepared by
 mixing flour of mustard and vinegar together to
 the due consistence.   See Cataplasma sinapis.
   SIN'CIPUT, Sincip'ital Region, Bregma, Syn'-
 ciput,  Mesocra'nium, Mesoc'ranuni,  Hemicepha-
 la'um, Hemicephal'ium, Hemiceph'alum ; the  top
 of the head.  The French use it synonymously
 with vertex.  By some it is applied to the frontal
 region or  fore-part of the cranium.   The parietal
 bones have been called sincipital bones, Ossa sin-
 cip'itis, (F.) Os du sinciput.
   SINDON, oiv6u>v, very fine linen.   A small
 piece of rag, or a round  pledget, supported by a
 thread  at its middle,  and  introduced into  the
 opening in the cranium made by the  trephine.
   SINEW, Tendon.
   SINGLETON'S  GOLDEN  OINTMENT  is
 formed of sulphuret of arsenic (realgar,) and lard
 or spermaceti ointment.
   SINGULT'OUS, Lygmo'des, Lygo'des, Lyngo'-
 des, Lynggo'des; from Singultus, 'hiccough.' Re-
 lating to or affected with  hiccough.
   SINGULT'US, Lynx,  Lygmus, Spasmolyg'mus,
 Clonus eingul'tua, Pneusis aingul'tua, Hiccough,
 Hiccup, (F.) Hoquet.  A  noise made  by the sud-
 den and involuntary contraction of the diaphragm,
 and the simultaneous contraction of the glottis,
 which  arrests the air in the trachea.   It is a
 symptom of many morbid conditions, and espe-
 cially of gangrene, but occurs, frequently, in per-
 sons otherwise in good health.
  SIN'ISTRAD, from sinister, 'to the left hand.'
 A  term used  by Dr. Barclay, adverbially, to sig-
 nify 'towards the sinistral aspect.'  See Mesial
  SINISTRAL  ASPECT, see Mesial.
   SINUEUN,  Sinuous.
  SINUOSITAS, Sinus.
  SIN'UO IS, Sinuo'aua,  (F.) Sinueux, from si'mis,
 'a bay  or curve.'  An epithet given to certain
ulcers, and especially to  certain fistulas, which
are tortuous.
  SINUS, Sinuo'aita8, Colpoe, Abscon'sio, Eury-
cho'ria, Reces'eue, (F.) Golfe. Any  cavity, the
interior of which is more expanded than the en- 
SINUS
790
SINUS
trance.  In this sense,  anatomists have applied
the term to cavities in certain  bones  of the head
and  face.   It has been, also,  applied to certain
venous  canals, into which a  number of vessels
empty themselves; such  as  the sinuses  of the
dura mater and of the spine; the sinus of the vena
porta; uterine sinuses, Ac;—and to  the bosom.
  In  surgery, it means a long, narrow, hollow
track, leading from some abscess, diseased  bone,
Ac,  (F.) Clapier.
  Sinuses of bones form  part of the nasal cavities.
They are  the frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, Ac.
The  name has also been  given, occasionally, to
the ethmoid and mastoid cells.
  Sinus Acusticus, Auditory canal, internal —
s. Ampullaoeus, Cavitas elliptica—s. Aortici, Si-
nuses of Aralsalva—s. Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis—
s. Basilar, Sinus transversus—s. Caverneux, Caver-
nous sinus — s. Cavernosi  uteri, Sinus uterini—s.
Cavernosus,  Cavernous  sinus — s. Cerebri, Ven-
tricles of  the brain — s.  Choroidien,  S. quartus—
s. Circular, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius — s. Cir-
cularis, S.  coronarius—a.  Coronaire  du coeur, see
Cardiac veins.
  Sinus Corona'rius, Sinua circula'ria, S. circn-
la'ria Ridleyi, Circular ainua of Ridley, Cor'onary
einua.   A  venous  canal, which surrounds, in a
more or less regular manner, the pituitary fossa
and gland, emptying itself into the corresponding
cavernous sinus by each of its extremities.
  Sinus, Coronary, Sinus coronarius — s. Coro-
nary  of the heart, Sinus coronary, venous.
  Sinus Coronary, Venous,  Coronary ainua  of
the heart.   A name given, on account of its great
size, to that portion of the great coronary vein
which embraces the left auriculo-ventricular fur-
row.
  Sinus Cox^e, see Cotyloid—s. Droit, S. quartus.
  Sinus Dexter  Cordis, Sinua vena'rum cava'-
rum, S. reno'eu8, Saecu8  vena'rum cava'rum.  The
right auricle of the heart: — A'trium cordie dex-
trum.  See Auricula.
  Sinuses of the Dura Mater, Sinue seu Fie'-
tula  seu  Cavita'tes seu Ventric'uli.  seu Tu'buli
seu Sanguiditc'tua  seu Receptac'ula Dura matria,
are formed by a separation  of the layers of the
dura  mater,  which  acts as a substitute for the
outer membrane  of veins.  Bichat  admits only
four great sinuses, of which all the  others seem
to be dependencies; — the two lateral ainuaea, the
straight ainua,  and the longitudinal ainua.   To
the lateral sinuses  belong, — the petrous ainnaee,
superior and inferior; the tranaverae ainua; the
cavernous ainuaea; the coronary einu8,  and the
occipital ainuaea.   To the straight sinus belongs
the inferior longitudinal.  The longitudinal sinus,
properly so called, has no  sinus under its depend-
ence.
  Sinus Falciformis Inferior, S. longitudinal,
inferior—s. Falciformis  superior, S. longitudinal,
superior—s. Fourth, Torcular llerophili—s. Genas
pituitarius, Antrum of Highmore—s. of the Jugu-
lar vein, see  Jugular veins — s. Lacrymalis, La-
chrymal sac
  Sinuses op  the  Larynx, Ventricles of the
larynx.
  Sinuses, Lat'eral, Sinua tranaver'ai, S. magni,
S. latera'tes, (F.) Sinua  lotiraux.  Each of these
sinuses, distinguished into right and left, begins
at the  torcular Herophili, or confluence of the
sinuses, and terminates at the sinus of the jugular
vein.
  SINUS LATER AUX, Sinuses, lateral.
  Sinuses, Longitu'dinal,  S. Longitudina'lee.
These are two in  number.  1. Superior Longi-
tudinal Sinus, S.falcifor'mie euperior, S. trian-
gula'rie, Sinus midian, (Ch.)  A long, triangular
canal;  convex above, concave below; which oc-
cupies the whole of the upper edge of the falx
cerebri.  It is broad behind, and much narrower
before, where it commences by a cul-de-sac, at
the cristi galli of the  ethmoid bone.  It passes
along the frontal or coronal  crest, sagittal suture,
and the vertical groove of the occipital bone.  It
receives several veins  from  the dura mater;  and
all those that are spread over  the  convex  and
plain  surfaces of the   two  hemispheres of the
brain.   It discharges  itself into the upper part
of the torcular Herophili.   2. Inferior Longi-
tudinal Sinus, Sinus falcifor'mie inferior,  Vena
falcie cer'ebri.  This is much narrower than the
last, and occupies the  inferior edge  of  the  falx
cerebri, from its anterior third to  the tentorium
cerebelli, where it terminates, commonly by two
branches, in the straight sinus.
  Sinus Magni,  Sinuses, lateral — s. Maxillary,
Antrum of Highmore — s. Median, Sinus longi-
tudinal superior — s.  Median, see Semicircular
canals — s. Muliebris, Vagina.
  Sinus, Occip'ital,  Sinua occipito'lia.  These
sinuses commence at  the sides of the  foramen
magnum ossis occipitis, and ascend — becoming
broader and  nearer  eaoh other—into  the  sub-
stance of the falx cerebelli, where they frequently
unite.   Each opens  into the inferior part of the
torcular Herophili.  They  receive the veins of
the falx cerebelli, of the dura mater whieh  lines
the fossas  cerebelli, and of the posterior part of
the cerebellum.   Haller and Sommering  have
given them the name of posterior occipital sinuaee,
to distinguish  them from the transverse sinus,
which they have called anterior occipital sinus.
  Sinus Occipitalis Anterior, Sinus transver-
sus—s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous sinus—s. Per-
pendicularis,  S. quartus — s. Pituitarii frontis,
Frontal sinuses — s. Pocularis,  see  Ejaculatory
ducts—s. Polymorphus, Cavernous sinus—s. Por-
tarum, see Liver.
  Sinus, Prostat'ic, Sinue proatat'icue.  A  fossa
on each side of the verumontanum, in which are
seen the numerous openings of the ducts of the
prostate.
  Sinus Pudendi, Vagina — s. Pudoris, Vagina,
Vulva.
  Sinus Pulmonales, Sinuses of Valsalva.
  Sinus Pulmona'lis, S. sinia'ter cordia, A'trium
cordia sinis'trwii,  S.' vena'rum pulmona'lium, S.
arterio'8ii8, Saccus vena'rum. pulmona'lium.   The
left auricle of the heart.  See Auricula.
  Sinus of  the Pulmonary Veins, Auricle, left.
  Sinus Quartus, S.perpendi'cnlo'ria, (F.) Sinus
choroidien (Ch.), Sinua droit, Straight sinue.  This
sinus—triangular throughout; wide  posteriorly;
narrower anteriorly; slightly  oblique downwards
and backwards—passes along the base of the falx
cerebri, from the termination  of the  inferior lon-
gitudinal sinus to the torcular Herophili. It re-
ceives the  inferior longitudinal  sinus, the veins
of the lateral ventricles or vena  Galeni, the supe-
rior cerebellous veins,  Ac
  Sinus Renum, Pelvis of the kidney—s. Rhom-
boideus, see Ventricles of the brain — s. of the
Septum lucidum, Ventricle,  fifth—s. Sinister cor-
dis,  S.  pulmonalis — s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous
sinus — s. Straight, S.  quartus — s. Superciliares,
Frontal sinuses—s. Terminalis,  Circulus venosua
—s. Transversi, Sinuses, lateral.
  Sinus Transver'sus, S. occipito'lia ante'rior,
Bae'ilar ainua.   This  sinus  lies  transversely at
the anterior  part of the basilary process of the
oocipital bone.   It  forms a  communication be-
tween the two petrous sinuses, and the cavernous
sinus of one  side, and those of the other.  Its
breadth is commonly very  great.  It is situate
between two layers of the  dura mater, and pre-
sents, internally, a kind of cavernous tissue. 
SIPEERI
791
SIUM
  Sinus Triangularis, S. longitudinal, superior
—8. Urogenital, Urogenital sinus.
  Sinus  Uteri'ni, .S'liitis caver no'si U'teri, U'te-
rine  ainuaea.  A name given to cavities, formed
by the uterine veins in the substance of the uterine
parietes.  They are very large  during pregnancy.
  Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals—
a. dea Vuiaaettux aiminifirea, Corpus Highmori.
  Sinuses of Valsal'va are three depressions
in the aorta—Sinus nor'tici—and pulmonary ar-
tery— Sinua jmlmoiui'lea—immediately opposite
the semilunar valves.  Their use is to  leave  the
edges of  the valves free, so  that  they can be
caught  by the refluent blood.  Where the aorta
is about to send off the first of its large branches,
at the  top of the  thorax, it is of great size,.and
has been called the Large sinua of Valatilca.
  Sinus of the Vena Cava,  Auricle,  right — s.
Arenarum cavarum, S. dexter cordis—s. Venarum
pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis—s. Venosus, S. dex-
ter cordis.
  Si'nuses, Ver'tebrAL, (F.) Sinus vertebraux.
Two great venous  sinuses, different from those of
the dura  mater, which extend the whole  length
of the vertebral canal, from  the occipital foramen
to the end of the sacrum, behind the bodies of the
vertebras, before the dura mater, and at the sides
of the posterior vertebral ligament.   At their in-
ner  side  they communicate with each other by
means  of branches, which  form true  transverse
einusee.   They are situate at  the middle of the
body of each vertebra, passing under the posterior
vertebral ligament.   They receive, at  their mid-
dle part, the veins that arise in the spongy tissue
of the vertebras.  By their external side, the ver-
tebral sinuses  communicate  with the posterior
branches of the vertebral, intercostal, and lum-
bar  veins.  At their posterior side they receive
the veins, which creep on the  prolongation of the
 dura mater that envelops the marrow.
   Sinus Vulvm, Rima vulvas.
   SIPEERI, Bebeeru.
   SIPEERINE, see Bebeeru.
   SIPHAR, Peritoneum.
   SIPHILIS, Syphilis.
   SIPI1ITA, Somnambulism — s. Parva, Chorea.
   SIPHO, Siphon—s. Urinas, Diabetes.
   SIPHON, Sipho,  aaptav, 'a tube.'  A bent tube,
 whose limbs are of unequal Jength, employed in
 pharmacy for transferring liquids from one vessel
 to another.  AVith this view, the shorter limb is
 plunged  into the  fluid ;  and  air is  sucked from
 the  extremity of the  lower limb.  The pressure
 of the  atmosphere  forces the fluid  through the
 tube; and the flow will continue as long as the
 extremity of the longer limb  is below the level
 of the fluid in which the shorter limb is immersed.
   An exhausting syringe is, at times, attached to
 the longer extremity  of the siphon by means of
 which the air can be drawn from it.
   Siphon,  Plunging.  An  instrument, used in
 pharmacy for obtaining  a specimen,—at times, a
 measured specimen, — of any liquid.   AVith this
 view, the instrument is immersed into  liquid, and
 allowed to remain there until  full.  The opening
 at  the  top is then  closed with the thumb; and
 the contents, thus removed, are allowed  to flow
 out by removing  the  thumb  and permitting the
 entrance of air.  It is a  form  of the pipette.
   SIPHONIA CAIIUCHU, see Caoutchouc — s.
 Elastica, see Caoutchouc
   SIPHUNCULUS, Syringe.
   SIR A, Orpiment.
   SIRENS, Symmeles.
   SIRIASIS,  Coup de Soldi, Insolation, Phre-
 nitis— s. .Egvptiaca, Coup de Soleil.
   S1RIUM MVRTIFOLIUM, Santalum album.
   SIRIUS, Canicula.
  SIROP  DE  CAPILLAIRE,  see Adiantum
capillus veneris —». de Coralline,  see Corallina
Corsicana.
  SIRUP,  Syrup.
  SISON AMMI, sEthu'saammi, Cnid'ium tenui-
folium, Pimpinella  laterifo'lia, Ses'eli foeniculi-
fo'lium.  Family, Umbelliferas.  Sex. Syat. Pen-
tandria Digynia.   The plant  that affords  the
Ammi  verum  of  the shops; (F.) Ammi dea Bou-
tiques.   The  seeds — Semen Am'mios eretici seu
veri — were once used as a carminative.
  Sison Amo'mum,  (F.) Amome faux,  is consi-
dered to be excitant and diuretic.  It is the field
hone wort.
  Sison Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — s. Poda-
graria, Ligusticum podagraria.
  SISTENS, Epischeticus.
  SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria—s. Bar-
barea,  Erysimum barbarea—s. Erucastrum, Bras-
sica eruca—s. Menthastrum, Mentha aquatica.
  Sisym'brium Nastur'tium, A'astitrtium  aquat'-
icum seu officina'le, Lover odora'tum, Cratcra'-
sium, Cressi, Cardami'ne fonta'na seu nastur'tium,
 Water Cress, (F.) Cresson de fontaine.  Family*,
Cruciferas.   Sex. Syst.  Tetradynamia Siliquosa.
Water-cresses are commonly used in salad. They
have obtained a place in the materia medica  for
their antiscorbutic qualities.
  Sisymbrium Officinale,  Erysimum — s. Par-
vifloruin, S. sophia.
  Sisymbrium  So'phia,  S. parviflo' rum,  Herb
Sophia, Sophia Chirurgo'rum, Flix or Flux-weed,
(F.) Sagesee dee Chirurgiens.   It  was once  re-
puted  to be anthelmintic,  and valuable in hyste-
rical affections.  It is not  used.
  Other species  of Nasturtium, as N. Palus'tre,
Marsh water-cress; and N. amphib'ium,  Water-
radish, possess  similar virtues with Nasturtium
officinale.
  SISYRIN'CHIUM BERMUDIA'NUM, Blue-
eyed grass, Lily grass, Physic graaa, Scurvy graaa;
indigenous;  Order, Iridaceas;  flowering  from
June to August.   Used as a  cathartic  by the
Thompsonians.  A  decoction of the root  is  acrid
and cathartic.
  SITICULOSUS,  Dipsodes, see Alterative.
  SITIENS. Dipsodes.
  SITUS,  Thirst —s.  Intensa, Polydipsia —a.
Morbosa, Polydipsia.
  SITKA, MINERAL AVATERS OF. See Arch-
angel, New, mineral waters of.
  SITOS,  Aliment,
  SITUS  ANOMALUS seu PERVERSUS IN-
TESTINORUM, Splanchnectopia — s. Mutatus,
see Monster.
  SITZBATH,  see  Bath, half.
  SIUM, Sium nodiflo'rum seu angii8tifo'Uum seu
Ber'ula seu  erec'tum seu  inci'eum, A'pium  aium,
Ber'ula anguatifo'lia,  Ber'ula, Creeping  Water-
paranep, (F.) Berle nodiflore.   Fondly, Umbelli-
ferae.  Sex. Syat. Pentandria Digynia.  It is sti-
mulant, and supposed to  be diuretic and lithon-
triptic  It is, sometimes, employed in cutaneous
eruptions.
  Sium Angustifolium, S. nodiflorum—s. Apium,
Apium graveolens — s. Berula, S. nodiflorum — s.
Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocastanum—s. Car-
vi,  Carum—s. Erectum, S. nodiflorum—s. Grave-
olens, Apium graveolens — s. Incisum, S. nodi-
florum.
  Sium Latifo'lium is the common Water-por-
anep of the United  States.  It is said to be poi-
sonous.
   Sum Ninsi.  The plant whose  root is called
Radix Niii8i, Ninzin,  A'indain.  This root was
long  supposed to be the same as ginseng, and it
possesses similar, though weaker properties.
   Sium Silaus, Peueedanum silaus. 
SIVVENS
732
SMILAX
  Sium Sis'arum, Skirret, is used as a salad in
Europe ;  and has been supposed a useful diet in
chest affections.
  Sium AVlgare, Ligusticum podagraria.
  SIVVENS. Sihbens.
  SKELETIA, Emaciation.
  SKELETOL'OGY,.£ce/efo<'o<7"i'c7, (F.) Squelet-
tologie, from axtXtros,  ' a skeleton,' and Xoyos, ' a
discourse.'  A treatise on the solid parts of the
body.  This part of anatomy comprehends Oste-
ology and Syndeemology.
  SKEL'ETON,  Scel'etum, from  axtXtros,  Ca-
dav'er  exsicca'tum;  (F.) Squ'elette,  Sceleton,  a
dried body; from axtXXia,  ' I dry.'   The aggre-
gate of the hard parts of the body, or the bones.
A skeleton is found  in  almost  all  animals, al-
though it may not always be formed  in the same
manner.  In some, as in the Crustacea and tes-
tacea, it is wholly or partly external, Exo-skeleton,
Dermo-akeleton.  In others, as in  birds, the mam-
malia, Ac, it is internal, Endo-ekeleton, Neuro-
ekeleton.  It serves as  a support for other organs.
On it the general shape of the body and of its
various  parts is greatly  dependent.   AAThen the
bones are united by their natural ligaments, the
skeleton  is said to be natural, Seel'etuni natura'le;
when articulated by  means of wires,  artificial,
Scel'etum artificia'le.
  SKELETOP03TA,   Sccletopce'a,   Sceleteu'aie,
from axtXtros, 'a skeleton,' and irotita, 'I make.'
The part of practical anatomy  which treats of
the  preparation of bones, and the construction
of skeletons.  Bones are prepared to exhibit their
conformation,  structure, chymical composition,
mode of  development, and changes ;  the different
cavities formed by the union ; and to demonstrate
their connexions, relations, modes of union,  Ac.
  SKEATSCH, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
  SKEVISH, FLEABANE, Erigeron Philadel-
phicum.
  SKIN, Cutis.
  SKIN-BOUND DISEASE, Induration of the
cellular tissue.
  SKIOMACHIA, Sciomachy.
  SKIRRET, Sium sisarum.
  SKIRSE, Scirrhus.
   SKOKE,  Phytolacca decandra.
  SKOLEMORA  FERNAMBUCENSIS, Geof-
frasa vermifuga.
  SKUE-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis.
   SKULL, Cranium.
   SKULL-CAP, Calvaria, Scutellaria gal ericulata.
   SKUNK-CABBAGE,  Dracontium fostidum.
   SKUNK-WEED, Dracontium fcetidum.
   SLATE, IRISH, Hibernicus lapis.
   SLATERS, Onisei  aselli.
   SLATKAIA TRAVA, see Spirit.
   SLAVERING, from saliva. Ptyaiis'mus inere,
Driv'elling, (F.) Bave.   Involuntary flow of sa-
liva, from sluggishness of deglutition, without in-
creased  secretion.  It is seen in the infant, the
aged, and the idiot.
   SLEEP,  Sax. j-lep; Somnue,  Sompnus, Sopor,
DormW'io,  Hypnos,  (F.)  Sommeil.   Temporary
interruption of our relations with external objects.
A repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul-
ties, and voluntary motion.
   The  act  of ^quitting  this  condition is called
awaking, (F.)Evigilation, Reveil. Sometimes this
is progressive and natural; at others, sudden and
starting ; (F.) Reveil en sursant,—as in nightmare,
affections of the heart, hypochondriasis, Ac.
   Sleep, Magnet'ic, Hypno'sis biomagnet'ica, is
the sleep induced by the  so called animal mag-
 netism.  See Magnetism, animal.
   Sleep, Nervous, see  Magnetism, animal
   SLEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia.
  SLEEP-AVALKING. Somnambulism.
  SLIACS,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Sliacs
is a  favourite bathing-place in Hungary, a few
miles from Neusohl.   Some  of  the  waters  are
cold; others, thermal: the former are carbonated
chalybeates;  the latter are much used in  the
same cases as thermal springs in general.
  SLING, (G.)  Schlinge, Mitel'la,  Mit'rium.
A bandage employed to keep the forearm bent on
the arm,  in cases of injury done to  those parts,
in  fracture of the clavicle, injury of the hands,
Ac  A handkerchief is often sufficient for  this
purpose.  It  must be folded diagonally, and be
tied, by the  extremities, round  the  neck.  The
French surgeons have  used many varieties of
Echarpes oislings; as the Grandeicharpe,Echarpe
moyenne,  Petite  icharpe,  Echarpe de  J. L. Pe-
tit, Ac
  SLIPPERS, Impatiens.
  SLIT AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated
bandage.
  SLOE-TREE, Prunus spinosa.
  SLOUGH, Eschar.
  SLOAVS, Milk-sickness.
  SLUG, Limax — s. Sea, Biche de Mer.
  SLUMBER, Somnolency.
  SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens.
  SMALL-POX, Variola—s. Modified, A^arioloid.
  SMALT, Protox'ide of Cobalt, Smaltnm, Safre,
Azur, Blue Starch.  This oxyd has been given in
rheumatism,  in the  dose of ten to twenty grains.
A larger quantity excites vomiting.
  SMARAG'DUS,  (F.) Emeraude. The emerald.
It was formerly regarded as a tonic.
  SMARTAVEED,  Polygonum punctatum.
  SMECTICA, Detergents.
  SMECTIS, Cimolia terra.
  SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra.
  SMEGMA, auvyiia, from  optixttv,  'to wipe, to
rub  off.' Soap, grease, a salve, a liniment. Also,
the  secretion from  the sebaceous follicles of the
skin.
   Smegma Articulare, Synovia—s. Cutaneum,
see Sebaceous glands.
   Smegma Prapu'tii.  The fatty secretion from
the  sebaceous follicles of the glans penis.
   SMEGMATORRHffiA, Stearrhoea.
   SMEGM0RRHO3A,  Stearrhoea.
   SMELL, SENSE OF, Olfaction.
   SMELLING, Olfaction.
   SMELLOME'S  OINTMENT  FOR THE
EYES, Ceratum resinas.
   SMILAX, Taxus baccata — s. Aspera Chinen-
sis,  Smilax China—s. Aspera Peruviana, Smilax
sarsaparilla—s. Canellasfolia, S. pseudo-China.
   Smilax China,  Smilax as'pera   Chinen'sis.
Family, Smilaceas.  Sex. Syst. Dioecia Hexandria.
The root— China,  Ch. orienta'lis seu poudero'sa
seu  vera, Sankira, Gauquara,  China root,  (F.)
Squine, Esquine.  Formerly much used  in cuta-
neous and venereal affections.
   Smilax Glauca, S. sarsaparilla—s. Hederasfo-
lia,  S. pseudo-China — s.  Indica Spinosa, Smilax
pseudo-China—s. Officinalis, Smilax sarsaparilla.
   Smilax Pseudo-China, Smilax  In'dica spino'-
ea seu canellafo'lia seu hederafo'lia, China occi-
 denta'lia,  China ajm'ria  nodo'aa, American or
 We8t India  China.   In scrofulous disorders, tho
root has been often  preferred to the oriental kind.
 In other cases, it possesses similar virtues.
   Smilax Sarsaparil'la, S. officina'lia seu glau-
 ca,  Saraaparil'la,  Sartapari/'la, Smilax ae'pera
 Peruvia'na,  Sarza, Sarea, Curirillan'di, Iva Pe-
 can'ga, Macapiatli, Zarea, Zarzaparil'la, (F.) Sal-
 aepareille. The root of the Sarsaparilla is inodor-
 ous; t.iste bitterish,  feculaceous, and fibrous; of
 a dark colour externally;  white within.   It  ia 
SMILE                  793                   SODA
possessed of diuretic and demulcent properties,
and haa been  often employed in the sequela} of
syphilis; when, after a  mercurial  course, noc-
turnal pains,  ulceration,  Ac, continue.   It has,
also,  been advised in scrofula, chronic rheuma-
tism, Ac.; but its efficacy is, to say the least of
it,  a matter of doubt.  Dose,  Qj to 3J of the
powder.
   SMILE, oy/tAij.  A curved, two-edged bistoury.
A knife.
   SMILE ON,  Scalpel.
   SMVRNA,  Myrrha.
   SMYRNISMOS, Embalming.
   SMYR'NIUM OLUSA'TRUM,HipposeW num,
Smyr'nium, Mucero'na,   Macedonia'ium,  Herba
Ahxandri'na,  Gri'elum,  AgrioeeU'num, Alexan'-
dera, Alaandera.  A plant formerly cultivated for
culinary purposes.  The seeds are bitter and aro-
matic,  and the roots  more powerfully bitter.
They have been recommended as resolvents, diu-
retics, emmenagogues, Ac.
   SNAGREL, Aristolochia serpentaria.
   SNAIL, Limax — s. Shell, Cochlea.
   SNAKEHEAD, Chelone glabra,
   SNAKEROOT, Garuleum bipinnatum — a.
Birthwort, Aristolochia  serpentaria — s. Black,
Actasa   racemosa,   Sanicula   Marilandica — s.
Button,  Eryngium  aquaticum, Liatris  spicata
— s.  Canada,  Asarum Canadense — s. Dewitt,
Prenanthes — s.  Evergreen,  Polygala paucifolia
— s. Heart, Asarum  Canadense — s. Virginiana,
Aristolochia serpentaria — a. AVhite, Eupatorium
ageratoides.
   SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia serpentaria, He-
lenium  autumnale, Polygonum bistqrta—s. Ame-
rican, Cicuta masculata.
   SNEEZING, from  Sax. nieran, (G.) Niesen,
Clonua  Sternuta'tio, Sternuta'tio, Sternutamen'-
tum, Sternumeii'tum, Ptarmoe, (F.) Eternuement.
A convulsive  motion of the expiratory muscles,
by which the air is driven  rapidly, and rushes
sonorously,  through  the  nasal  fossae, carrying
with it  the mucus and foreign bodies, which ad-
here to the pituitary membrane, and have occa-
sioned the movement.
   SNEEZEAVORT, Achillea ptarmica, Helenium
autumnale.
   SNORING, Rhenchue, Rhenxis, Ronchus, Rhon-
chus, Stertor, Renchus, (F.) Ronfiement, from (G.)
Scharnen.   Noise  made in the posterior part
of the mouth  and nasal fossas during the move-
ments of inspiration,  particularly in sleep,  both
when the person is in health, and in disease, as
in apoplexy.   In certain affections of the chest—
in some cases  of pulmonary  catarrh — a kind of
snoring may be distinctly heard by applying the
ear or the stethoscope to the  chest.
   SNOT, Nasal mucus.
   SNOUT, Nasus.
   SNOAV, Sax. rnay, Vi'.r,  Chion, (F.)  Neige.
AArater in a solid state, which falls  from the at-
mosphere in white flakes.  It is used externally
as a tonic and discutient.
   SNOAVBALL, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
   SNOWBERRY, Syuiphoricarpus raeemosus.
  SNUFF, CEPHALIC, Pulvis asari compositus.
  SNUFFLES, Teut. Snuffeln, Grave'do ne-
onato'rum, Rkinan'gia, Rhinanch'one. Breathing
hard through the nose, often owing to accumula-
tion  of  the mucous  secretions,—an affection  to
which infants are liable, and  which is relieved by
oiling the interior of the nostrils.
  SOAP,  Sapo — s. Acid, see Sapo — s. Berries,
Sapindus  saponaria—s. Black, see Sapo—s. Cas-
tile,  Sapo durus — s. of the  Cocoa-nut  oil, see
Sapo — s. Common or soft, see  Sapo — s. Liquid,
6ee Sapo — s. Medicinal,  see Sapo — s. Spanish,
Sapo durus — s. Yellow, see  Sapo.
   SOAPWORT, Saponaria.
   SOB, from Sax. reorian, ' to grieve ;' (F.) San-
glot.   A  spasmodic, sudden,  and  momentary
contraction  of the  diaphragm, immediately  fol-
lowed  by relaxation, by whieh the little air, that
the contraction  has caused to enter the chest, is
driven out with  noise.  It is an evidence of cor-
poreal or  mental suffering.
   SOBOLES, Epigone.
   SOBRIETAS, Temperance.
   SOCIA PAROTIDIS, see Parotid.
   SOCI'ETY, Soci'etas, (F.) Sociiti,from eociare,
' to associate.'   An association for the promotion
of some common object.
   Societies, Medical.  Associations of medical
gentlemen for the promotion of science have been
numerous, and  productive of valuable  results.
In the United States, societies exist in many of
the states, possessing the  power of examining
into the qualifications of  every one who  may be
desirous of practising within their particular ju-
risdiction.  In some of the states, however, the
qualified  and unqualified are permitted to exer-
cise their profession with equal privileges and
immunities.
   Amongst  the  medical  associations that have
issued from time to time  useful transactions or
publications, are the following: In America,—
The Massachuaette  Medical  Society;  the  Phy-
eico-medical, and Medical Societies of the  State
of New  York;  the College  of Physicians of
Philadelphia, and   the American  Medical As-
sociation.   In  Europe, — The  Association of
Fellows  and  Licentiates  of  the  King's  and
Queen'e College  of Physicians of Ireland;  the
Medico-Chirurgical  and Phrenological  Societies
of Edinburgh;  the College of Physicians,  the
Medico-Chirurgical, the Medical and the Syden-
ham Societies of London;  the Associated Apothe-
caries and Surgeon  Apothecaries of England and
Wales, and the Provincial Medical and Surgical
Association ; the Royal  Academy of Surgery,  the
Royal. Society of Medicine, the Sociiti Medicale
d'Emulation, the Sociiti de Midecine, the Royal
Academy  of Medicine, and the Sociiti Medicate
d'Observation, of Paris; the Midico-Chirurgical
Academy  of Vienna; the Medical Societies of
Berlin and  Copenhagen,  Ac, Ac  In Asia.—
The Medical and Physical Society of  Calcutta.
   Araluable medical essays are likewise contained
in the published Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society ;  of the Royal Societies of
London, Edinburgh, Gottingen, Ac; of the Royal
Academy  of Sciencea  of  Puria; the Imperial
Society of Sciencea  of St.  Peteraburg; the Royal
Academy  of Sciences of Turin; the Academia
Imperialis Leopoldina ATtttura Curiosorum, Ac.
   SOCORDIA, Hallucination.
  SODA.  An Arabic word.  Protox'ide  of so-
dium, (F.) Sonde, is obtained by adding caustic
lime to a solution  of carbonate  of aoda.   The
soda in solution  may be obtained  by evaporation
as hydrate of soda.  Its  action is like that of
potassa ; but it is not officinal.
   Soda impu'ra, Baril'la,  Barig'iia, Baril'lor,
Soda   Hispan'ica,  Ana'tron,  Natron, Ana'ton,
A'itrvm Antiquo'rum, Kt/p, Aphroni'trum,  Sal
alkali'nus fixus fos'silis, Car'bonas  Soda im'pu-
rits, Subcar'bonas Soda impu'ra, Anachron.   The
mineral alkali is obtained from several sources ;
— naturally, in Egypt:  artificially, from the in-
cineration of marine plants; and from the de-
composition  of sulphate of soda, Ac.  It is prin-
cipally, however, derived from plants growing on
the sea-coast; — as  the  Salso'la sati'va, S. soda,
S. tragus, Salicor'nia herba'cea, Salicornia Arab'-
ica, <tc.   The Barilla aehee are from the ashes 
SODA                    794                  SODA
 of tho Salicor'nia Europa'a : the Kelp, Sonde de
 Varecq, from  the Fucus  veaiculo'eue and  other
 varieties ;—the Turkey Barilla, Roq)tette, Cendre
 du Levant, Rochet'ta Alexandri'na, from the Me-
 eembryan'themum Cop'ticum;—the Al'leant Ba-
 rilla,  Soda Alicanti'na, S. Alonen'aie, from  the
 Meaembryon'themum nodiflo'rum ;—and the Cnrr-
 thage'na Barilla, from the Salicor'nia and Sal-
 eo'la.
   Impure  subcarbonate of soda, (F.) Soude du
'commerce,  consists of subcarbonate of soda, pot-
 ash, chloride of sodium, clay and  other  earthy
 substances.  It is chiefly used for preparing the
 pure subcarbonate.
   Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis.
   Soda Aceta'ta, Soda  Ace'taa, Ac"etate of
 Soda, Terra folio'ta  minera'lia, (F.) Acitate de
 eoude.  This salt is used in similar cases with the
 acetate of potass.              ^
   Soda Aerata, Sodas carbonas — s. Alonensis,
 Soda — s.  Biborate  of, Borax—s. Bicarbonate of,
 Sodas carbonas—s. Borate of, Borax — s. Borax-
 ata, Borax.
   Soda, Car'boNAte of, Soda Car'bonaa, Car-
 bonae  Na'tricum, Soda  Aera'ta,  Soda Biear'-
 bonae, Bicar'bonate of Soda, Carbonate of pro-
 tox'ide  of So'dium,  (F.)  Carbonate de  Soude,
 S.. efferveacente,  S.  airie, S. Crayeuse.  (Soda
 subcarb,  Ibj,  aqua  destill. Oiij.   Dissolve the
 subcarbonate  of soda,  and pass  carbonic acid
 through the solution ; set it aside  to crystallize.)
 Its use is the same  as  the subcarbonate, than
 which it is less  caustic, and  better adapted for
 effervescing draughts.
   Soda Cau'stica, Protox'ide of So'dium, Caus-
 tic* Soda,  (F.) Soude caustique,  S. d la  Chaux,
 Soude pure.   The impure subcarbonate,  treated
 by quicklime, and  consequently deprived of its
 carbonic acid.  It may be used  as a caustic, like
 the Potaaaa fuaa, and is even preferable to it, as
 it does not deliquesce and run.
   Soda, Chloride of, S. Chlorina'ta, Soda Chlo'-
 ridum,  Chlo'rinated  Soda,  Natrum Oxymuriat'-
 icum, Soda Chlorure'tum,  Oxymu'riate  of Soda,
 (F.) Chlorure de Soude, Chlorure d'oxide de So-
 dium.  This salt is used as a disinfecting agent;
 both  to remove offensive smells in chambers, and
 to alter the condition of "fetid ulcers.  See Liquor
 Sodas Chlorinatae.
   Soda,  Chlorinated, Soda,  chloride  of—s.
 Hispanica,  Soda—s. Hydrochlorate of, Soda,
 muriate of.
   Soda, Hyposulph'ite  of,  Soda hypoaulph'is,
 (F.) Hypoeulfite  de  Soude.  This  salt  has been
 lately extolled in chronic cutaneous, and scrofu-
 lous affections.   It is given in syrup.
   Soda, Lithate of, Urate of soda—s. Mephite
 of, Soda, subcarbonate of.
   Soda, Mu'riate  of, Soda murias, Soda  mu-
 ria'ta, S.  muriat'ica, Al'kali  minera'le  sali'nuni,
 Sal  commu'nis,  Sal culina'rie, Sal fon-Hum, Sal
 gemma,  Sal  mari'nue,  Natron  muria'tum,  Sal
 albus, Natrum  muriat'icum,  Common  salt,  Sea
 ealt, Hydrochlo'rinaa Na'tricus, Sal fos'silia, Sal
 lu'cidum,  Muria, Rock salt, Bay ealt, White ealt,
  Quad richlo'ruret of Sodium,Hydrochlo'rateof pro-
 tox'ide of Sodium, Hydrochlo'rate of Soda, Chlo-
 rure'tum So'dii, So'dii Chlo'ridum, Chloride of So-
 dium, (F.) Chlorure de Sodium,  Sel marin, Sel de
  Cuiaine.  In  an impure state,.this salt is one of
 the  most abundant  of natural productions.  It
 is soluble in 3 parts of water, and is tonic, pur-
 gative, and anthelmintic.  Externally* stimulant.
 It is  a well-known  and useful culinary substance.
    Soda, Nitrate  of, Soda Nitraa, Natron ni'-
  tricum, Al'kali  minera'le uitra'tum,  Nitrum Cu'-
  bicum, Nitrate of protox'ide of Sodium, Protoni'-
trate  of Sodium, A'itrum Rhomboida'le,  A'itrae
Natricum, Salpe'tra, Cubic Nitre.  Its virtues are
similar  to  those of  the  nitrate  of  potass, for
which it has been substituted.
  Soda, Oxymuriate of, Soda, chloride of.
  Soda, PnosPiiATK  of, ^'. Phoaphora'to, Soda
phoe'phaa, Subphosphate of protox'ide of Sodium,
Phoaphae Na'tricuin, Natrum Oxyphoaphoro'dee,
Subprotophoaphate of Sodium, Subphoa'phate  of
Soda, 'Sal mirab'ile  perla'tum,  Triba'aic phoa-
phate of Soda, Alkali  minera'le phoephora'tum,
Taateleae purging ealt, (F.) Phosphate de Sonde,
Sel admirable perli.   (Bone  burnt to whiteness
and powdered, lbx ;  Sulphuric acid, Ibvj ; Car-
bonate  of eoda,  q. s.  Mix  the bone  with the
acid in  a covered vessel, add  a gallon  of water,
and  stir.   Digest  for  three  days,  occasionally
adding  a little water  to that lost by evaporation,
and frequently  stirring the  mixture.   Pour in
now a gallon of boiling water, and strain through
linen, gradually adding more  boiling water, until
the liquor passes nearly tasteless. Set the strained
liquor by, that the dregs may subside; from which
pour off the clear solution, and boil down to a gal-
lon.  To this solution,  poured off from the dregs
and heated in an iron vessel,  add by degrees the
carbonate  of soda previously  dissolved  in hot
water, until  effervescence ceases, and the phos-
phoric  acid is completely neutralized; then filter
the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. Having
removed the crystals,  add, if necessary, a  small
quantity of carbonate of soda to the liquor, so as
to  render  it slightly alkaline; then alternately
evaporate  and crystallize so long as crystals  are
produced.   Lastly, preserve the crystals in a well
stopped bottle.—Ph. U. S.) Cathartic, in the dose
of from ^ss to £j.
   Soda, Phosphate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate
of.
   Soda, Subcarb'onate of,  Soda Subcarbonas,
Soda Carbonae (Ph. U. S.), Subcarbonate of pro-
tox'ide of Sodium, Memphite  of Soda,  Natron
prapara'tum, Sal Soda, Salt of Soda, Flos Salia,
Sagi'men Vitri, Salt of Barii'la, Sal al'kali, Car-
 bonae Soda of some, (F.) Soua-carbonate de Soude.
 The  impure subcarbonate, dissolved in water;
 the solution filtered and crystallized.  Soluble in
 two  parts of water at 60°.   It is much used as
 an antacid; and also as a deobstruent in scrofu-
 lous and other affections.  Dose, gr. x  to ^ss.
   The  dried Subcar'bonate of Soda, Soda Sub-
 car'bonaa  exaiccata, Soda  carbonas exeicca'tue,
 (Ph. U. S.) Carbona8 Soda eicca'tum, (F.) Soua-
 carbonate de Soude  dessechi, is employed as an
 antacid and lithontriptic  Dose, gr.  x  to xv.
   Soda, Subphosphate of, S. phosphate of.
   Soda, Sulphate  of,  Sodoe Sulphas,  Natron
 vitriola'tum,  Sal cathar'Ucus  Glaube'ri, Al'cali
 minera'le  sulphu'ricum, A'atrum aidphu'ricum,
 Soda vitribla'ta, Sulphae na'tricii8,  Sal mirub'-
 ilia Glaube'ri, Ape'rient Salt of Frederick, Glau-
 ber'a Salta, (F.) Sulfate de Soude.  Obtained from
 the salt that remains after the distillation of mu-
 riatic acid; the superabundant acid being satu-
 rated with subcarbonate of soda.  It is soluble in
 three parts of  water at  60°; is purgative, and,
 in small doses, diuretic.  Dose, 3vj  to 5>x-
   The Lymington Glauber'e  Salts is a Sulphate
 of Magnesia and Soda, and is obtained from the
 mother liquor of sea-water, or by dissolving Ep-
 som salt in a solution  of Glauber's salt.
   Soda, Tartrate of, Tartrate of potaaa  and
 Soda,  Soda Tartariza'to, Tar'turized Soda, Sal
 Rupellen'aia, Rochelle Salt,  Sal Pot'ychres'turn
 Seignet'ti,  S. Seignetti,  Seignette'a Stilt,  Natron
 tartariza'tum, Tortrie potae'ea et Soda, Soda et
 Potaa'aa Tartrae (Ph. U. S.), Soda potasaio-tar-
 trae, Tartras Potas'sa et Soda, Tartrate de po- 
SODII
795
SOLDIER'S WEED
  ["""' Pt ('e Sonde.  (Soda carb. Tbi; potass, bitart.
  in  pulv. ^xvj, Aq.  bullient.  Ov.   Dissolve  the
  carbonate  in water;  and  add, gradually,  the
  bitartrate.   Filter the solution and  crystallize,
  Ph.^U. S.)   It is a gentle cathartic.   Dose,  5ss
  t0SJ-
    Soda, Urate  of, Urate  of Soda —s. Vitrio-
  lata, S. sulphate of—s. AVater, Acidulous water,
  simple.
    Sode Acetas, Soda,  acetate of—s. Biboras.
  Borax — s.  Bicarbonas,  Soda, carbonate of— s-
  Boras, Borax — s. Boras  alcalescens,  Borax — s-
  Boras supersaturus,  Borax — s. Carbonas, Soda
  — s. Carbonas,  Soda, subcarbonate of—s. Car-
  bonas exsiccatus, see Soda, subcarbonate of—s.
  Carbonas impurus, Soda—s. Chloras,  Soda, chlo-
  rate of—s. Hyposulphis, Hyposulphite  of soda
  —s. Murias, Soda, muriate of—s. Nitras,  Soda,
  nitrate of—s. Phosphas, Soda, phosphate of—s.
  et Potassas tartras, Soda,  tartrate oP—s. Potassio-
  tartras Soda, tartrate of-- s. Subboras, Borax —
  6. Subcarbonas impura, Soda.
    SODII  AURO-TERCHLORIDUM, see Gold
  — s. Chloridum, Soda, muriate of—s. Chlorure-
  tuin, Soda, muriate of.
   SO'DIUM, ATa'trium, A'atro'nium.   The metal-
  lic basis of soda,
    Sodium, Carbonate of Protoxide of,  Sodas
  carbonas — s. Chloride of, Soda, muriate of—s.
  Chlorure de, Soda, muriate of—e. Chlorure d'Ox-
  ide de, Soda,  chloride   of—s. Protonitrate  of,
  Soda, nitrate of—s. Protoxide of, Soda—s. Pro-
  toxide of, hydrochlorate of, Soda, muriate of—s.
  Protoxide of, nitrate  of, Soda,  nitrate  of—s. Pro-
  toxide of, phosphate  of, Soda, phosphate of—s.
  Protoxide of, subcarbonate of, Soda, subcarbonate
  of — s.  Quadri-chloruret  of, Soda, muriate of—
  s. Subborate of protoxide  of, Borax—s. Subproto-
  borate -of, Borax—s. Subprotophosphate of, Soda,
  phosphate of.
   SoDOMA GALLORUM, Syphilis.
   SODOMIA, Buggery.
   SODOMA', Bugirerv.
   SOFTENING.'Moilities.
   SOI-POUR-SOI, Homosozygy.
   SO IE, Sericum.
   SOIF, Thirst—s. Exceesive,  Polydipsia.
   SOL, Gold.
   SOL-LUNAR, Sol-luna'rie; _ from eol, 'the
 sun,' and luna, ' the moon.'  An epithet  applied
 to a fancied influence exerted by the sun and
 moon on man in a state of health and  disease.
   SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella
 anisum—s. Scabiosorum, Fumaria,
   SOL'ANOID, Solanoi'dea ; from  eolanum, 'the
 potato,' and  ttcos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling a
 potato;  potato-like.   An  epithet  applied  to  a
 form of cancer, which appears to be intermediate
 between scirrhus  and encephaloid,  increasing
 more rapidly than the former, yet approaching
 it in firmness.
   SOLA'NUM, S. nigrum  seu vulga're seu vulga'-
 tum,  Common Nightshade,  Garden  Nightshade,
 (F.)  Morelte  d fruit  noir.   Family,  Solaneas.
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.  A narcotic
 poison.  Tho  Huile de Morelle is made, by ma-
 cerating in oil, for several days, the leaves and
 fruit of this plant. The oil is  anodyne and dis-
 cutient.
   Solanum Dulcama'ra,  Dulcamara, D. flexuo' -
 sa, Solanum Scandens, Gfycipi'cros, Ama'ra dulcie,
 Solanum ligno'eum,  Zrpvxvos of Theophrastus,
 Bittersweet, Woody Nightshade, Bitter8ireet Night-
shade,  Bittersweet Vine, A'ightahade Vine, Violet
bloom, (F.) Douce-amire, Morelle grimpante.  The
taste of the  stalks is  bitter, followed  by  sweet-
 ness:  hence its name.  It has been used in many
 diseases, as a diuretic and sudorific, especially in
 chronic rheumatism, humoral  asthma, dropsy,
 various skin  diseases,  scrofula,  and  jaundice.
 Dose, in powder, j-)j t0  3J-
   Solanum Esculentum, S. tuberosum — s. Fce-
 tidum, Datura stramonium—s. Furiosumj Atropa
 belladonna — s. Humboldtii, S. Lycopersicum—■
 s. Lethale, Atropa  belladonna — s. Lignosum, S.
 dulcamara.
   Solanum,Lycoper'sicum;  Lycoper'aicon eacu-
 lent'um, Lycoper'eicum  pomum amo'ria, S. Hum-
 bold'tii seu pseudolycoper'aicuin, -Malum lycoper'-
 sicum, Love-apple plant. The fruit of this, called
 Toma'ta or Love-apple, (F.) Pomme  d'Amour, is
 much  eaten in the United States rand, with  the
 French, Spaniards, Portuguese, &c, forms  an es-
 teemed sauce.  -
   Solanum Magnum A'irginianum Rubrum, Phy-
 tolacca  decandra — s. Maniacum, Atropa  bella-
 donna, Datura stramonium — s. Melanocerasus,
 Atropa belladonna.
   Solanum Melon'gena, Melongena, Egg-plant,
 Mud Apple plant; (F.) Aubergine.   A native of
 Asia,  Africa,  and  America.   Its  oblong, egg-
 shaped  fruit,  Ponum Melon'gena,  Malum  insa'-
 7!7(77i, is prepared in  soups  and sauces in those
 countries,  like the tomata.
   Solanum Nigrum,  Solanum.
   Solanum Niv'eum. •  A  South African  plant,
 the leaves of which, applied  to foul  ulcers, cleanse
 them:   The fresh juice  of the berries and leaves,
 made into  an  ointment with lard  or  fat, is used
 by the farmers for the same purpose.
   Solanum  Parmenterii,   S. tuberosum — s.
 Pseudolycopersicum,  S. Lycopersicum — s. Qua-
 drifolium,  Paris — s.  Racemosum Americanum,
 Phytolacca decandra.
   Solanum  Sanctum ; Palestine  Nightshade.
 The fruit of this  is globular, and is much  eaten
 in the countries where it is a native.
   Solanum Scandens,  S. Dulcamara,
   Solanum Tuberos'um, Bata'bas,  Solanum ee-
 cuten'tum seu Parmente'rii, Lycoper'aicum tubero'-
 sum,  Papaa America'nua, Pappus America'nus,
 America'num  Tubero'sum, Batta'ta Virginia'na;
 the Pota'to, (F.)  Pomme de Terre.   A native of
 Peru.   A  nutritious and wholesome vegetable;
 one of the  most useful,  indeed, that exists.  One
 hundred pounds of potatoes afford ten pounds of
 search, which is equal .to arrow-root, as a nutrient
 and  demulcent.  It is  called  Potato Flour, P.
 Starch, French Sago, Petit Sague, Common Arrow-
 root, Ac.
   Solanum Upens, Capsicum  annuum—s. A'esi-
 carium, Physalis—s. A'ulgare,  Solauum.
   SOLAR, Sola'rie, from eol, 'the sun.'  Relating
 to the  sun ; having rays like the sun.
   Solar Plexus, Plexii8 8ola'ria,  Centrum com-
 mu'ne,  Cer'ebrum abdomino'le.  A collection of
 ganglions and filaments, interweaving and  anas-
 tomosing with each other repeatedly, and belong-
 ing to the system of the great sympathetic  This
 vast plexus, lying on the vertebral column, the
 aorta,  and  the pillars of the  diaphragm, has a
 very irregular shape.   The ganglions and fila-
 ments composing  it are  soft, reddish, and almost
 all issue from the  semilunar  ganglions.  It re-
 ceives, also, branches from  the pneumogastric
 It seeins to be  chiefly intended for the aorta, and
accompanies all its branches;  furnishing many
secondary plexuses, which are  called the infra-
diaphragmatic, cceliac,  aitperior mesenteric, in-
ferior  mesenteric, r'enal or  emulgent,  spermatic,
&c.
  SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella.
  SOLDIER'S WEED, Matico. 
SOLE                      796                 SOLUTION
  SOLE,  Solum,  Solea, Basis  cor'poris, Ichnus,
Superfic"ies planta'ris pedis, Peti'na, Vestig"iuin,
Pe'dion, Peza, Pelma, Planta'ris superficies pedis,
Fa'dee conco'va  seu infe'rior seu  Planum seu
Concavum seu Para inferior seu PlanWiee seu
Planta seu Vola pedis, (F.) Plante du Pied.  The
sole of the foot; the under surface of the foot
  SOLEA, Sole — s.  Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacu-
anha.
  SOLEAIRE, Soleus.
  SOLEN, Cradle, see Vertebral column.
  SOLENA'RIUM, from ataXnv, 'a canal.'  An
instrument  of surgery, representing a  kind of
gutter,  in the  cavity of which the  penis  was
placed, like a limb in  a cradle. — Galen.  The
word Solen  itself—ataXnv, Cana'lis—was used, in
antiquity, for a grooved channel, in which a frac-
tured limb was placed.
  SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL,  Cynanchum
oleasfolium.
  SOLE 'US,  Gaetrocne'miua inter'nua, Tibiocal-
canien, (Ch.;) (F.) Soliaire, from eolea, 'a sole
of a  shoe.'  A muscle situate at the posterior part
of the leg.  It is broad, flat,  and almost oval;
and  is attached, above, to the posterior edge of
the fibula, to  the oblique line on the posterior
surface, and to the inner edge of the  tibia.  It
terminates, below, by a large tendon, which unites
to that of the gastrocnemius externus, to form the
tendo Achillis.   This muscle extends the foot on
the leg, and conversely.
  SOLID, Sol'idue, Ste'reoe.   A body whose  in-
tegrant molecules are so  united by the force of
cohesion,  that they will not separate by their own
weight.  The solids, in the human body, are the
bones,  cartilages,  tendons,  muscles,  ligaments,
arteries, veins, nerves, membranes, skin, Ac.  The
anatomy, or rather study of the solids, is called
StereoVogy,  from  artptos,  ' solid,' and Xoyos, ' a
discourse.'
  SOLIDAGO, see Solidago virgaurea—s. Sara-
cenica, S. virgaurea.
  Solida'go Rig"ida, Rigid  Goldenrod,  Bones'
styptic; indigenous;  of  the  Composite family,
flowering in August and September; is astringent
and tonic.
* Solida'go Virgau'rea, S. vulga'ria seu  Sara-
een'ica, Virga aurea, Herba do'rea,  Cony'za coma
aurea,  Sym'phytum Petra'vm, Elichry'aum, Con*
eol'ida seu  Saracen'nca, Golden rod.   Not. Ord.
Compositae Corymbiferas.  Sex. Syat. Syngenesia
superflua.  (F.) Verge d'or.  The leaves of Soli-
da'go odo'ra — Solida'go (Ph. U. S.) — and the
flowers have been recommended as  aperients and
tonics, in  urinary diseases, and in internal hemor-
rhage.
  Solidago Vulgaris, S. virgaurea.
  SOL'IDISM, Patholog"ia solida'ris.  The doc-
trine of those physicians who refer all diseases to
alterations of the  solid parts of the body.  To the
believers  in this doctrine, the  appellation  Sol'id-
ists has been given.  The solidists think that the
solids alone are  endowed with vital  properties;
that they alone  can receive  the impression of
morbific agents, and be the seat  of pathological
phenomena.   Solidism  has been the prevalent
doctrine.   It is scarcely necessary to say, that in
all our investigations, the condition  of both solids
and fluids must be regarded.
   SOLIUM, Baignoire, Taenia solium—a. Pedis,
Metatarsus.
   SOLUBIL'ITY, Solubil'itae, from  eolvere, so-
lutum, ' to dissolve.'  That property of a body by
virtue  of which  it can be  dissolved in a men-
struum.
TABLE OF THE  SOLUBILITY OF SOME SUBSTANCES

                  IN WATER.
NAMES OF SALTS.
Solubility in 100
  parts water.
            Acids.
Benzoic.............
Citric..............
Oxalic.............
Tartaric...........
            Salts.
Acetate of Potassa.
-------- Soda....
Bitartrate of Potassa...
Borate of Soda.........
Carbonate of Ammonia
---------Magnesia .
----------Potassa...
---------- Soda .....
Chlorate of Potassa .
---------Soda
Chloride of Lime.......
        — Magnesium
          Potassium..
---------Sodium
Muriate of Ammonia..
Nitrate of Potassa.....
-------- Soda ......
Phosphate of Soda
Sulphate of Ammonia ,
---------Copper ...
---------Iron.....
          Magnesia ,
— Potassa ,
— Soda.
Supersulphate of Potassa.....
Tartrate of Potassa.........
---------Potassa and Soda....
---------Antimony & Potassa
   0.208
  133
   SO
very soluble

  100
   35
   1.5
   8.4
   50

   25
   50
   6
   35
  200
  100
   33
   35.42
   33
   14.25
   33
   25
   50
   25
   50
  100
   6.25
   37
   5.0
   25
   20
   6.6
  4.1'
200
IU0
 3.3
10.8
 36.16
too
100
100
 50
100
 50
J00
133
 20
125
100
  SOLUM, Sole.
  SOLUTE, Solution.
  SOLUTIO, Solution — s. Alexiteria Gaubiana,
see Disinfection — s. Ammoniae  subcarbonatis,
Liquor ammonias subcarbonatis — s.  Arsenicalis,
Liquor arsenicalis—s. Arsenicata, Liquor arseni-
calis—s.  Arsenitis kalicas, Liquor arsenicalis — s.
Calcis, Liquor calcis — s.  Camphoras astherea,
Tinctura  astherea  camphorata — s.   Camphoras
oleosa, Linimentum camphoras — s. Continui, So-
lution  of continuity — s. Ferri  nitratis, Liquor
Ferri  nitratis — s. Guaiaci  gummosa,  Mistura
guaiaci — s. Muriatis barytas, Baryta, muriate of
— s. Muriatis calcis, see Calcis murias — s. Muri-
atis ferriei astherea, Tinctura seu alcohol sulfu-
rico-asthereus ferri — s.  Muriatis hydrargyri oxy-
genati, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis—s. Potas-
sii iodidi iodureta, Liquor iodini compositus — s.
Resinas guaiaci aquosa, Mistura guaiaci—s. Sub-
carbonatis ammoniaci spirituosa, Spiritus ammo-
nias.
   Solutio Sulpha'tis  Cci*ri Compos'ita, Aqua
vitriol'ica  caru'lea,  Sydenham's  Styptic Water,
(Sul2>h.  cupri,  ^jiij, alum.,  acid, sulph.,  5a §ij,
aqua, ^ viij : dissolve, and filter.)  A  styptic, and,
largely diluted, an astringent collyrium.
   SOLU'TION,  Solu'tio, Lysis, (F.) Dissolution.
An operation which consists in dissolving a solid
body in  a menstruum.   Likewise, the product of
such operation—Solu'tum, (F.) Soluti. It means,
also, with many, the termination of a disease : —
withjothers, a termination accompanied by critical
signs ;—and, with others, again, it is  synonymous
with crisis.
   Solution  of  Acetate  of Ammonia,  Liquor
ammonias  acetatis — s. of Acetate  of  morphia,
Liquor morphias acetatis — s. Alkaline, see Fuli-
gokali—s. of Alkaline iron, Liquor  ferri alkalini
— s. of Alum, compound, Liquor aluminis  com-
positus— s. of Ammoniated copper,  Liquor cupri
ammoniati — s. Arsenical, Liquor arsenicalis — s.
of Charcoal, concentrated,  see  Tinctura catechu 
S0LUTIVU3
797
SONDE
    B. of Chlorinated soda, Liquor sodas chlorinatas
  --a. oCitrate of magnesia, see Magnesias citras
    s. oi citrate of potassa, Liquor potassas citratis
  «„hn  (;ontlnultyi sce Continuity—s. of Corrosive
  Buohmate,  Liquor hydrargyri  oxymuriatis-s.
  Donovan s, see Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of
    s. bowlers, Liquor arsenicalis — s. of Hydrio-
  date of  potass, Liquor potassas hydriodatis - s.
  ot iodide of iron, Liquor ferri iodidi—s. of Iodine,
  compound, Liquor iodini compositus—s. of  Iron,
  nitrated,  see  Tinctura ferri  muriatis —s. Labar-
  raques Eon deJacel.lc-s. of Lime, Liquor calcis
  — s.  Laigols,  Liquor iodini compositus — s. of
  Magnesia,  condensed,  Magnesia,  fluid —s  of
  Monro Liquor of Monro —s. of Nitrate of iron,
  Liquor fern nitratis — a. of Oxymuriate of  mer-
  cury, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis—s. Plenck's,
  see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum—s. de Potasse,
  Liquor potassas—s. of Potassa, Liquor potassas—
  s. of Sesquinitrate of iron, Liquor ferri nitratis—s.
  of Subacetate of Lead, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
  —s. of Subacetate of lead, diluted, Liquor plumbi
  subacetatis dilutus—s. of Subcarbonate of potass,
  Liquor potassas subcarbonatis—s. of  Sulphate of
  morphia, Liquor morphias sulphatis—s. of Tartar-
  ized antimony, Vinum antimonii tartarizati—s. of
  Ternitrate of sesquioxide of iron, Liquor ferri ni-
  tis — s. of Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri  oxy-
  muriatis.
    SOLUTIVUS, Laxative.
    SOLUTUM, Solution.
    SOLArENS, Solvent — s. Minerale, Liquor ar-
  senicalis.
   SOLVENT, Solvens, (F.) Fondant, from solvere,
  'to dissolve.'   A medicine  supposed to possess
  the property of dissolving or removing obstruc-
  tions and extraneous substances.  Thus we have
  solvents of the stone  in the bladder, Ac.  See
  Dissolventia.
   Solvent, Mineral, Liquor arsenicalis.
   SOMA, Body, Corpus.
   SOMACETICS, Gymnastics.
   SOMATTC, Somat'icue; from ataua, 'thebody.'
 That which concerns the body;—as eomatic death,
 or death  of the  body, in  contradistinction to
 molecular death or the death of a part.
   SOMATODYM'IA,  from  ataua, atauaros, 'the
 body,' and  ivta, ' I enter into.'  A double mon-
 strosity in which the trunks are united.  Of this,
 there  are  several varieties; — Vertebrodym'ia,
 where the union is by the vertebras ; Iachiodym'ia,
 by the ossa ischii; Sternodym'ia, by the sternum;
 Supraomphalodym'ia, (F.) Sue-omphalodymie, by
 the super-umbilical regions ; Supra et i'nfra-om-
 phalodymia, by the superior and inferior um-
 bilical regions; and Sterno-omphalodym'ia, where
 the union is by both the sternal and  the umbili-
 cal regions. — Cruveilhier.
   SOMATOLOGY,  Somatolog"ia,  from  aiaua,
 'the body,'and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  A treatise
 on the human body.  Anatomy.
   SOMATOTOMY, Anatomy.
   SOMMEIL.  Sleep.
   SOMNAMBULATION, Somnambulism.
   SOMNAM'BULISM, Somnambula'tio, Hypno-
 bate'ais, Hypnobata'ai8, Hypnobati'a,  Rhembaa'-
 mus, Lunatia'mua, Hypnoner'gio,  Selenoga'mia,
 A i/ctobate'aie, Autonyctobati'o, Seleni'asis, Selen-
 las'nuw, Soinnambulis'mus,  Nyctob'aaie, Noctam-
 bula'tia. A'octambulia'mua, Nyctoba'dia, Nyctoba'-
 tio,  Siph'ita, Sy2)h'ita,  Paroni'ria   am'bulana,
 Aortisur'gium, Oneirodynia acti'va, Somno-vigil,
 Soinnambula'tion,  Sleep-walking, from  somnus,
 ' sleep,'  and ambnlare, ' to walk.'  A condition of
 the brain which occasions the individual to exe-
 cute, during sleep, some of  those  actions that
commonly take place when awake.  It has been
imagined  that the somnambulist is guided solely
  by his internal senses ; but there are many facts
  which induce the belief that the external senses
  are not always entirely suspended.   The causes
  of somnambulism are very obscure; and the prin-
  cipal indication of treatment is, — so to arrange
  the bed-chamber  of the  somnambulist, that  he
  cannot get out of it during sleep; and to avoid sup-
  pers, as well as all bodily and mental excitement.
    Somnambulism, Magnet'ic Mesmeric, or Arti-
  ficial, Somnambulia'mueartificia'lia, Cataph'ora
  magnet'ica,  Hyp'notiem, Somnip'athy, is that pe-
  culiar condition, into which individuals have been
  thrown by  the Animal Magnetizer.  It has oc-
  curred  only in those of weak  nervous  tempera-
  ment; in hysterical  females, Ac.
    SOMNAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism—s,
  Artificialis,  Somnambulism, magnetic
    SOMNAM'BULIST, Somnam'bulua, HypnoV-
  atea, Noctam'bulua, Lunat'icua, Noctam'bulo, Som-
  nam'bulo.  A sleep-walker.
    SOMNAMBULIS'TIC.  Relating  or apper-
  taining to somnambulism,—as the ' eomnambu-
  lia'tic atate.'
    SOMNAMBULO,  Somnambulist.
    SOMNIA'TIO, from aomnium, ' a dream.'  The
  act of dreaming.
    Somniatio Morbosa, Oneironosus—s. in Statu
  Vigili, Hallucination.
    SOMNIF'EROUS, Som'nifer, Sopor'ifer, Hyp-
  not'icua,  Hypnopce'ue, Soporati'vua,  Soporif'ie,
  Soporif eroua.  A medicine which causes sleep.
    SOMNIL'OQUIST; same etymon as the next.
  One who talks in his sleep.
    SOMNILO'QUIUM, Somniloquia'mua,  Somml'-
.oquiam,  from  aomnua,  'sleep,'  and  loquor, 'I
 speak.'  Talking in the sleep.
   SOMNOPATHY, Somnambulism, magnetic
   SOM'NIUM, Enyp'nion, Insom'nium, a Dream,
 (F.)  Reve,  Songe.  A  confused assemblage, or
 accidental and involuntary combination  of ideas
 and images,  which  present themselves  to  the
 mind  during sleep.  Dr. S. Mitchell, of New York,
 used the word Somnium to signify the state  be-
 tween sleeping and  waking, in which  persons
 perform acts of which they are unconscious.
   For ' waking dreams,' see Hallucination.
   Those distressing dreams which occur during
 a state of half sleep, are  called, by  the  French,
 Rivasseries.
   SOMNO-VIGIL, Somnambulism.
   SOM'NOLENCY, Somnolentia, Hypnasthe'eis,
 Hypno'dia,Dormita'tio, Heav'ineas,CoruaLethar'-
 gua Cataph'ora, Cataphora, Coma Somnoleii'turn,
 Caro'eie, Slumber, (F.) Aeaoupissement.  Sleepi-
 ness.  Also a state intermediate between sleeping
 and waking.   It is often a  symptom  of disease.
   SOMNUS, Sleep.
   SOMPNUS, Sleep.
   SON,  Furfur, Sound.
   SONCHUS, S. Olera'ceus, Hiera'cium olera'-
cettm, Cicer'bita, Sow Thistle, (F.) Laiteron doux.
Family, Cichoraceas.  Most of the species of Son-
chus  abound with a milky juice, which  is very
bitter, and said to possess diuretic virtues.
   Sonchus  Floridanus,   Mulgedium Florida-
num.
   SONDE,  Sound, Specillum — s.  Cannlie, Di-
rector.
  SONDE D'ANEL.  A very fine stylet of sil-
ver, awl-shaped at one end.  It is used for pro-
bing the lachrymal passages through the punc-
tum lacrymale.
  SONDE DE BELLOC.   An  instrument in-
vented by Belloc for  plugging the nasal fossas,
in cases of hemorrhage.  It consists of a curved
silver canula, open  at both ends, and furnished
with a button. 'The instrument is passed through
the nares to the throat;  and a plug is  attached 
SONDE
798
SORE
to the button, so that, when the instrument is
drawn forwards  through  the nose, the posterior
nostril is stopped.
 - SONDE BRISE'E, (F.), Eyed probe.  A long,
straight stylet, composed of two parts, which may
be screwed to each other; blunt at one end, and
furnished at the  other with an eye, so that it may
be used either as a probe for punctured wounds,
or for a seton needle.
  SONDE A CONDUCTEUR, (F.)  A modifi-
cation of the ordinary catheter ;—to facilitate the
changing of catheters, without the fear of making
false passages.   It is a common catheter, open at
its  beak.  The  Stylet or Mandrin is one  half
longer than  that of the ordinary catheter.  To
use the instrument, the stylet is pushed  into the
cavity of the  Ifladder through the catheter.  The
latter is then withdrawn by slipping it over the
stylet, which is kept in its place, and serves as a
guide to a fresh  catheter.
  SONDE A DARD, see Lithotomy (high ope-
ration.)
  SONDE DE LAFOREST.  A small, crooked
canula, used  for probing the nasal duct from be-
low upwards, and for throwing injections into it.
  SONDE on PINCE DE HUNTER.  A cy-
lindrical silver canula; of the size of a  common
catheter; open at both extremities, and  contain-
ing a wire  of iron, one of the ends of which  is
Bplit into two parts ; each being terminated by a
small silver scoop, and separating from each other
by virtue of  their elasticity, when pushed out of
the canula, and again approximating when drawn
in.   It has been used for laying  hold  of small
calculi in the urethra.
  SONDE DE  VARECQ, Soda.
  SONGE, Somnium.
  SONITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus aurium —s.
Fluidi, Hygrechema — s. Hepaticus, Hepateche-
ma — s. Intestinalis, Enterechema — s.  Stoma-
chicus, Gasterechema,
  SONOROUS RHONCHUS, Rdle sonore.
  SONUS, Sound—s. Vocis, Accent.
  SOOJA, see Dolichos.
  SOOJIE,  BASTER'S,  a farinaceous article
of diet, is said to consist of wheat flour sweetened
with  sugar.
   SOOL, Gastroperiodynia.
   SOOT, Fuligo —s. Tea,  see  Fuligokali — s.
Wart, Cancer, chimney-sweeper's.
   SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium sophia — a. Chirurgo-
rum, Sisymbrium sophia.
   SOPHISTICATION, Falsification.
   SOPHO'RA  HEPTAPHYL'LA,  Anticholer'-
 ica.   Family, Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syat. Decan-
 dria  Monogynia.   The root and seeds of this
 shrub are  intensely bitter, and are said to have
 been found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery, Ac
   Sophora  Tincto'ria, Baptia'ia  tincto'ria,
 Podalyr'ia  Tincto'ria,  Indigof'era, Wild In-
 digo,  Indigo Weed, Broom, Indigo Broom, Horse-
 fly  Weed, Yellow Broom, Clover  Broom, Rattle
 Buah, Yellow Indigo. An American plant, the
 taste  of whose root is unpleasant, sub-acrid, and
 nauseous — very similar  to ipecacuanha.  In a
 large dose, the bark of  the root acts both as  an
 emetic and  cathartic.  It has  been  considered
 antiseptic  and  febrifuge, and has been used, in
 the form of  fomentation or cataplasm, in phage-
 denic and gangrenous  ulcers.   A liniment, pre-
 pared by simmering the cortical part of the root
 in cream, has been found an efficacious applica-
 tion  to sore nipples and to ulcerated breasts.
   Baptis'ia  Leucan'tha,  Tall white false Indigo,
 an indigenous plant, has the same properties.
   SOPHRONIST.E  DENIES, see Dentition.
  SOPIIRONISTERESDENTES, see Dentition.
  SOPHROSYN E, Temperance.
  SOPIENS, Paregoric
  SOPIO, Opium.
  SOPOR.  A profound  sleep, from which the
person can  be  roused  with difficulty.   It  is a
symptom in  many of the neuroses.
  Sopor Caroticus, Carus.
  SOPORARI^E ARTERIA, Carotids.
  SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous.
  SOPORIFEROUS, Somniferous.
  SOPORIFIC, Somniferous.
  SO'POROUS,  So'porue,  from  sopor,  'sleep.'
Sleepy : causing sleep.
  SORA,  Essera.
  SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica.
  SORBASTRELLA, Pimpinella saxifraga.
  SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorbefa'ciens, from  sor-
bere,  ' to  suck  in,' and  facere,  ' to make.'  A
remedy that promotes absorption.
  The following are the chief sorbefacients: —
Acida Vegetabilia; Alkalia; Ammoniacum;  Bro-
minum;  Galbanum ; Hydrargyri Prasparata; Io-
dinum;  Liquor  Calcii  chloridi;  Spongia usta;
Compression, (methodical; ) Friction ;  Mental
Sorbefacients, (Imagination, Emotions.)
  SORBETHUM, Sherbet.
  SORBETTUM, Sherbet.
  SORBETUM, Sherbet.
  SORJilER DES OISELEURS, Sorbus acu-
paria.
  SORBITIO, Jus.
  Sorbitio  Carnis seu  Ex  Carne.  Broth  or
soup  made of meat.
  SORBITUM, Jus.
  SORBUM, see Sorbus  domestica.
  SORBUS, Crataegus  aria, S. domestica.
  Sorbus Acu'pa'ria, seu Aucupa'ria, Mes'pilus,
M.  acupa'ria, Mountain  Service, Mountain  Ash,
Quicken tree, Roan tree, (F.) Sorbier des  Oise-
leurs.  The berries of  this  tree are employed for
similar purposes as the last.
  Sorbus Alpina, Crataegus aria—s. Aria, Cra-
taegus aria—s. Aucuparia, S. acuparia—s. Cydo-
nia, Pyrus cydonia.
  Sorbus Domest'ica, Sorbus, Pyrus domes'tica,
Mes'pilus domes'tica, Oie, Service or Sorb  Tree,
(F.)  Cormier.   Family, Rosaceas.  Sex.  Syst.
Icosandria Trigynia.   The fruit of this tree, Sor-
bum,  is astringent, and has been recommended in
diarrhcea and dysentery.  It is given in the form
of rob.   A kind of cider is made from it, and also
brandy.
   Sorbus Malus, Pyrus malus. .
   SORDES, Rhypos.  A  dirty-looking  sanies,
 discharged  from  ulcers.  Also, accumulations of
 the secretions of the mouth, on the teeth in ady-
 namic fevers more especially, and of foul matters
 in  the stomach—Sordes prim'arum via'rum,Rhy-
 pa'ria.   The French  call an ulcer,  exhibiting
 such  an  appearance,  sordid. Also dirt of any
 kind.
   Sordes,  Ichor, Saburra — s. Acidas, Acidities
 — s.  Aurium,  Cerumen — s. Primarutn  viarum,
 Embarrae gaetrique, see Sordes — s. Ventris, Ex-
 crement.
   SORDICUL.E AURIUM, Cerumen.
   SORE, Ulcer.
   Sore, Bay.  A disease which Mosely considers
 to  be a true cancer.   It is endemic in the Bay
 of Honduras.
   Sore  Mouth, Stomatitis — s.  Clergyman's,
 Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Gangrenous, Cancer
 aquaticus — s. Inflammatory, Cynanche tonsil-
 laris— s. Putrid, Cynanche maligna—s. Throat,
 Cynanche — s.  Throat,  tubercular, Pharyngitis,
 follicular — s  Throat, ulcerous,  Cynanche ma-
 ligna. 
SORENESS
799
SPAGYRISTS
  SORENESS, from  Teut. seer, (G.)  Sehr,
'very,'  Sax.  lap,  Parop'aia  acria  teneritu'do.
Painful uneasiness  or tenderness, local or gene-
ral, on  being touched with a pressure that does
not usually excite  distressing feeling.  Often, a
febrile  symptom.   Also,  the  tenderness  of  a
wound, ulcer, Ac
  SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum.
  SOROCCO, Puna.
  SOROCHE, Puna.
  SORORIA'TIO.  The  period  at which the
breasts of the female become developed.  The act
of becoming thus developed.  A  young maiden,
whose  mammas begin  to show,  was formerly
called aororiana virgo. — Plautus.
  SORREL,  COMMON, Rumex acetosa —s.
French, Rumex  scutatus — s. Garden,  Rumex
scutatus — s. Mountain,  Oxalis acetosella, Oxy-
ria reniformis—a. Salt of, Potass, oxalate of—s.
Roman, Rumex scutatus — s. Tree, Andromeda
arborea—s. AVhite, Oxalis acetosella—s. Welsh,
Oxyria reniformis.
   SOSTRUM,  improperly Sotrum; from  oui^etv,
'to save.'  A reward given to one who saves the
life of another.  A physician's fee or honorarium.
   SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medicina.
   SOTERI^E AQU.E, AVaters, mineral.
   SOTIREL'LA.   Ancient name of a medicine
 composed of opium, several narcotice,  nutmeg,
 saffron, camphor and eoot.  It was us#d in cer-
 tain diseases of the teeth.
   SOTRUM, Sostrum.
   SOUBRESAUT, Subsultus tendinum.
   SOUCIIERLOON, Bit noben.
   SOUCHET DES  IN DES, Curcuma longa—
 ». Odorant, Cyperus longus—s. Rond, Cyperus
 rotundus.
   SOUCI, Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia —
 s. des Champa, Calendula arvensis—». Ordinaire,
 Calendula officinalis.
   SOUDE, Soda — e. Acitate de,  Soda, acetate
 of—s. Airi, So.das carbonas — s. Borate de, Bo-
 rax—«. Borate auraaturi de, Borax—s. Carbonate
 de, Sodas carbonas — s. Cauetique, Soda  caustica
 —s. d  la Chaux, Soda  Caustica—s. Chlorure de,
 Soda,  chloride  of—s.  du  Commerce, Soda — s.
 Crayeuae, Sodas carbonas—a. Efferveacente, Sodas
 carbonas—a. Hypoaulfite de,  Soda, hyposulphite
 of—a. Phoephote de, Soda, phosphate of—a. et de
 Potaaae,  Tartrate de, Soda, tartrate of — s. Pure,
 Soda caustica—s. Soueborate de. Borax—*. Soua-
 carbonate de, Soda, subcarbonate of—s. Sulfate
 dc, Soda, sulphate of.
   SOUFFLE, see Murmur, respiratory—s. Am-
 phorique, see  Cavernous respiration — s, Metal-
 lique, see Cavernous respiration—s. Placentaire,
 Bruit  placentaire — s.  Tubaire, see Murmur, re-
 spiratory—8.  Utirin, Bruit placentaire—s. Voili,
 see Cavernous respiration.
   SOUFRE, Sulphur — s. lodure de, Sulphuris
 iodidum—s. Sublime, Sulphur sublimatum.
   SOUND,  Specill'um, Stylus,  Explorato'rium,
 Radi'olus, (F.) Sonde.   An instrument  used  by
 surgeons to discover whether there be a stone  in
 the bladder.   It is usually made of highly po-
 lished  steel, and is shaped like the catheter. The
 operation is termed sounding.
   The French Sonde  has,  however, a more ex-
 tensive signification.   It means different instru-
 ments introduced  into  cavities of certain organs,
 or into wounds, fistulas,  Ac, to investigate their
 condition, or to fulfil some therapeutical indica-
 tion.   See Sonde.
   SOUND, Sonus,  Echoe, Noise,  (F.) Son, Bruit.
 The  sensation produced on the auditory nerve by
 the vibrations of a sonorous body.  Sounds may
 bo propagated in three modes.  1.  By reciproca'-
 tion  or con'sonance, as when a sounding body,  of
a definite pitch, produces a musical tone when
another body of the  same pitch is sounded near
it.  2.  By res'onance, as  when  a sounding body
is placed in connection with another, one or more
of whose parts may be thrown into reciprocal vi-
bration ; and 3. By conduc'tion, as where the vi-
brations are transmitted through fluid, liquid, or
solid media.
  Sound, Catheterize, S. Auricular, Apyromele—
s. Bellows, friction,  rasp, saw, lancet,  Ac, see
Bruit—s.  Crumpling, pulmonary, Froiaaement
pulmonaire—s. Laryngeal, Laryngeche.
  SOUNDING, Searching, see Sound.
  SOUNDNESS OF  MIND, Sanity.
  SOUPIR,  Sigh.
  SOUR BERRY, see Oxycantha Galeni, Vacci-
nium oxycoccos — s. Dock, boreal, Oxyria reni-
formis— s. Leaf, Andromeda  arborea — s. Tree
Andromeda arborea — s. AVood, Andromeda ar-
borea.
  SOURCIL, Supercilium.
  SOURCILIER, Corrugator  supercilii, Super-
ciliary.
  SOURDS MUETS, see Mutitas surdorum.
  SOUR IS,  Nictation.'
  SO US-A CR 03UO- CLA VI-HUMERAL, Del-
toid— s. Atlo'idien, Subatloidasus — s. Axo'idien,
Subaxoidasus—s. Clavier, Subclavius—s. Costanx,
Intercostal — e. Cntani,  Subcutaneous — s. Epi-
neux, Infra-spinatus—a. Lingual, Sub-lingual—s.
Maxillaire,  Submaxillary — s. Maxillo-Labial,
Depressor  anguli oris—«. Mental, Submental — s.
Mitacarpo-lotiri-phalangien, Prior annularis — s.
 Optico-sphino-scliroUcien, Rectus inferior oculi—
s. Orbitaire,  Suborbitar—s. Pubio-coecygien, Le-
vator ani—8. Pubio-criti-tibial, Gracilis — s. Pu-
bio-pritibial, Gracilis—s. Pubio-trochantiricn-ex-
tcrne, Obturator externus—s. Pubio-trochantirien-
interne, Obturator internus — s. Scapulaire, SUb-
scapularis — s. Scapulo-trochinien, Subscapularis
—s. Sels, see Salt.
   SOUTHERNAVOOD,  Artemisia abrotanum —
 s. Field, Artemisia campestris—s. Maritime, Ar-
 temisia maritima—s. Tartarian, Artemisia santo-
 nica.
   SOAVBREAD, Arthanita, Cyclamen.
   SOAVENS, Flummery.
   SOY, see Dolichos soja.
   SOYMIDA, Swietenia febrifuga.
   SPA, MINERAL AVATERS  OF.   A town
 seven leagues  southeast of Liege, where there
 are several springs, possessing  a sharp acidulous
 taste;  containing much carbonic acid, carbonates
 of  iron, lime, and magnesia;  carbonate  of soda,
 and chloride of sodium.  The water is much used
 as  a tonic.
   Spa AVater, Artificial.  Soda subcarb., gr.
 vij ; magnesia carbon., ^j ', Umat. ferri., gr.  iij ;
 sodii  chlorid.,  gr. j ; aqua,  Oiij.   Impregnate
 with gas  from marble piowder and sulph. acid.,
 aa Qx.
   SPACE, INTERPEDUNCULAR, Tarini pons
 — s. Perforated, anterior, Locus perforatus anti-
 cus—s. Perforated, posterior, Tarini pons.
   SPADO, Castratus, Eunuch, Spasm.
   SPAGYRIA. Chymistry.
   SPAG"YRTSTS,  from airata, 'I separate,'and
 ayttpta, 'I  assemble;' because they reduced com-
 pounds into elements, and formed the latter into
 compounds (?).  A sect  of physicians, who pre-
 tended to  account for the changes that occur in
 the human body in health and disease, in the same
 manner as the chymists of their day explained
 those of the  inorganic kingdom. — Medici'no Pa-
 racclcia'tica  seu Spagyr'ica, was likewise called
 Hermet'ica,  because it  was  believed  that  thu 
SP ANAEMIA
800
SPAS ME
means of cure adopted in it had been found in
the books of Hermes.
  SPANiE'MIA,  from airavos, 'poor,' and 'atua,
'blood.'  Poverty of the blood.   Diminution in
the quantity of fibrin and red corpuscles of the
blood, — as where bleeding has been carried be-
yond certain limits.—Simon.
  SPAN/E'MIC, Spana'micuni (remedium), Dya-
plaa'ticum, PlasHlyt'icum et  erethilyt'icum, Ha-
matolyt'icum, Dyscraeiocum.   Same  etymon as
the last.  Relating to spanasmia.
  A medicine whose protracted  use is  said to
impoverish the blood, — as iodine, bromine, Ac.
  SPANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum.
  SPANISH FLY, Cantharis.
  SPANOPO'GON,  from airavos,  'rare,' and irta-
ytav, ' beard.'  One who has lost his beard, or has
a thin beard.
  The Greeks called those who had little beard,
or who had lost it, Spanopogo'nea.
  SPARADRAPA, Sparadrapum.
  SPARADRAPIER.   The name of a machine
for  spreading sparadraps.  A Plaster  machine.
It consists  of a table, with two raised pieces, mo-
vable, and furnished with points, by which the
cloth can be  stretched, and of a lamina or  blade
of metal to extend the plaster over it.
   SPARADRA'PUM, Sparadra'pa, Sparadra-
pus, Tela emplas'tica, Spandara'pum, (F.) Spa-
radrap.  Any adhesive plaster spread upon linen
or paper.   The chief sparadraps  are the follow-
ing:—
   Sparadrapum Adh^si'vum, Adhe'eive Plaater.
A spread  plaster of  the  Emplaatrum adhaaivum.
It is also called Strapping.
   Engliah  Court  Plaater is  a Sparadrap,  (F.)
 Taffetas agglntinatif,  T. gommi, Tuffetas d'An-
gleterre;  Ser'icum An'glicum, Emplas'trum An-
glicum, E. Anglica'num, E. Adhasi'vum Wood-
etock'ii, E. Ichthyocol'la tela  induc'tum, E. Glu-
 tino'sum, Tela Ichthyocol'la  glu'tinana, Iainglaes
 Plaater. It is made by stretching black silk, and
 brushing it over with a solution of isinglaaa 3j,
 in  proof apirit §xij, to which tinct. benzoin gij,
 are added.  When dry, this is repeated five times;
 after this,  two coats  are given it  of  a solution of
 tereb. Chia %ir, in tinct. benz. ^vj, which render
 it less liable to crack.
   Liaton'a Iainglaaa Plaater is made by spreading
 several coats of strong solution of  isinglass in
 weak spirit  over  oiled silk, or, still better, over
 animal membrane previously prepared for  the
 purpose from the peritoneal coat of the cascum of
 the ox.
   Sparadrapum pro Fontic'ulis, Issue Plaster,
 is sometimes made of simple diachylon, Ibij ; Bur-
 gundy pitch and  sarcocolla,  each  §iv; common
 turpentine, %j.  Spread upon linen and polished
 with a moistened calendering glass rubber.
    Sparadrapum  seu Tela Galteri,  Defensive
 Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gautier.   This is made of
 olive oil,  Ibss;  suet, ^iv;  wax, ^x;  litharge,
 common turpentine,  thus,  and mastich,  aa j|ij ;
 bole armeniac,  flour,  aa §j.   Pour it,  while
 liquid, upon cloth, and  spread.  Used for issues
 and to keep on dressings.
    Sparadra'pcm Vesicato'rium.  Several sub-
 stances have been introduced as substitutes  for
 blistering plaster, (see Emplastrum Lyttas,) under
 the names,  Tela  vesieato'ria, Blistering Tiaeue,
 Ac, and other forms of which  are the Taffetaa
 vesicant, Papier ipiapastique, Charta veaicato'ria,
  Taffetaa ipispaatiqne.    They are made  of an
 ethereal or alcoholic extract of cantharides, or of
 canthcridin,  mixed  with wax and spread, in a
 very fine  layer, on  silk or paper previously oiled
  ur waxed.  They are efficient agents.
  Sparadrapum  A'ir'ide,  Com Plaater.   This
may be made of yellow wax,  Ibij ;  Burgundy
  fitch, §xij ;  common  turpentine, 5Jyj ; verdigris,
  iij ; spread on cloth  and polished.
  Kennedy'e Corn Plaater is made of yellow wax,
R)j ;  Venice turpentine, ^ij ; verdigris, £j.
  SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum.
  SPARAGMA, Laceration.
  SPARAGMOS, Spasm.
  SPARAGUS. Asparagus.
  SPARAL'LIUM, Clyster uteri'nue.  An injec-
tion into the vagina.—Ruland and Johnson.
  SPAREDIA.   A  ligature covered  with the
white of egg.— Paracelsus.
  SPARGA'NIUM  RAMO'SUM,   Great  Bur-
reed.   Indigenous; Order,  Typhaceas ; flowering
in July and  August.  The roots are subastrin-
gent, but esculent; yielding a  fine fecula, simi-
lar to  salep.   They are  sometimes made into a
poultice for inflamed mammas.
  SPAR'GANON, Spar'ganum, from ctrapyta, 'I
swathe, ' I wrap.'  ' Swathing  clothes ;' a kind
of bandage, with which  children were  formerly
surrounded.— Foesius.   Also, a fascia.
   SPARGANO'SIS,  Spargo'sis,  Intumescen'tia
lac'tea mamma'rum, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala, from
airapyata, 'I am ready to  burst.'  Extreme disten-
tion of the breasts  by milk.  Sparganosis also
means the wrapping of a child in swathing clothes.
   Sparganosis  Puerperarum, Phlegmatia do-
lens.
   SPARGANUM, Sparganon.
   SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus.
   SPARSUS, Sporadic.
   SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spanish  broom.
A small  European shrub, cultivated in the gar-
dens of the United States,  on account of its yel-
low flowers.   The seeds are diuretic and tonic,
in  small doses;  emetic  and cathartic  in  large.
They have been used in  dropsy —10 or 15 grains
three times a day.
   Spartium  Scopa'rium, Cyt'isus scopa'riue, Ge-
nia'ta, G. scopa'ria, Genis'ta hirsu'ta, Broom, Cy-
tiso-genieta,  (F.) Ginet d balai.  Family,  Legu-
minosae. Sex. Syat. Diadelphia Decandria. Broom
 Topa,  Spartii Cacumina, Scopa'rius, Ph. U. S.,)
have a bitter taste, and are possessed of diuretic
properties.   They have  been  used in  dropsies.
Dose,  of the powder, Qj to 3J-  All the genistas
have  similar virtues.   A  decoction of genista,
 along with the cauterization of the pustules under
 the tongue,  has been reaommended in  hydro-
 phobia.
   Spartium Tinctorium, Genista tinctoria.
   SPASM, Spasmua, Sparag'moa, Synol'ce, Spado,
 from atrata, ' I draw.'  The  Greeks gave this name
 to all kinds  of convulsions.   It is now usually
 applied to involuntary muscular contractions;
 and these, agaiu, have been  divided into tonic
 spasm, Paraton'ia, whieh  consists in permanent
 rigidity and immobility of the muscles that are
 the seat of it (see Tetanus);  and clonic spasm,
 which consists  in alternate contractions and  re-
 laxations (see Convulsion).
    Cullen has a  class, Spaemi—the neurospasmi
 of Fuchs.
    Spasm,  Clonic, Convulsion — a. Cynic, see Ca-
 nine laugh-^-s. of the Glottis, Asthma thymicum
 ■ -s. of the Larynx,  Asthma thymicum — s. with
 Rigidity, Tetanus.
    Spasm, AVriters'.  Involuntary spasms of the
 muscles of the thumb and index finger, observed,
  at times, in those who  are much  accustomed to
  writing.   See Cramp, writers'.
    SPASMATICUS, Spasmoticus.
    SPASMATODES,  Spasmoticus.
    SPASME, DE LA GLOTTE ET DU THO- 
SPASMI
801
SPERM
RAX, Asthma thymicum —«. de la Vessie, Cys-
tospasinus.
  SPASMI, see Spasm.
  SPASMOUES, Convulsive.
  SPASMODIC, Spasmoticus.
  SPASMOL'OGY, Spaemolog"ia, from  ciraanos,
'spasm,  and  Xoyos,  'atreatise.'  A  treatise  on
spa-ins.
  SPASMOLYGAIL'S, Singultus.
  SPASMOTTCUS, Spnamat'icus, 'Spasmato'dee,
S}ias'liens, Spastic,  Spaemod'ic.  Any thing re-
lating to spasm.  Also, an antispasmodic.
  Morbi  conetricto'rii,  M.  apasmot'ici,  Ac, are
diseases  accompanied with spasm.
  SPASMUS, Convulsion,  Spasm — s.  Aurium,
Otalgia—s. Caninus, see Canine laugh—s.  Clotii-
cus, Convulsion—s. Cynicus, see Canine laugh—
s. Facialis., Tic — s. Glottidis, Asthma thymicum
—s. Linguas,  Glossospasmus—s. Maxillas inferio-
ri-. Trismus—s. Muscularis, Cramp—s. Musculo-
rum Faciei, Canine  laugh — s. Universalis, Syn-
clonus—s. A'entriculi, see Cardialgia—s. A'esicae,
Cystospasmus.
  SPAS'NIA, same etymon as Spasm.  A term,
used by  Mercurialis, to designate the lancinating
pain p'roduced, at times, in the chest by violent
fits of coughing.
   SPASTIC,  Spasmoticus, Tonic spasm.
   SPASTICUM, Tetanic.
   SPATHA,  Hypaleiptron.
  SPATHES'TER, from airata, 'I  draw.'(?)   A
surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce
over the glans, when too short.—P. Amman.
   SPATHOMELE, Spatula.
   SPATHULA, Scapula,   Spatula —s.  Foetida,
 Iris foetidissima.
   SPATIIYEMA FffiTIDA,  Dracontium fceti-
 dum.
   SPAT'ILE, orartXn,  'human excrement.'   A
 liquid fecal  evacuation.   Excrement. — Hippo-
 crates.
   SPATIUM ORIS, Mouth—s. Trigonum, Lyra.
   SPAT'ULA, Spath'ulo, diminutive  of Spatha,
 or:a$n, ' a broad-sword.'  Spathome'le, Specill'tim
 latum.  An instrument  used for spreading plas-
 ters, stirring ointments, holding down the tongue,
 Ac.  Also, the scapula.
   Spatula pro Ore, Glossospatha.
   SPEARAVORT. Ranunculus flammula.
   SPEAUTER, Zinc.
   SPECIES, Powders, compound—s. Aromaticas,
 Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — s. Diacinnamo-
 rai, Pulvis cinnamomi-compositus — s. Diacretas,
 Pulvis cretas  compos. — s. Diajalapas, Pulvis  ja-
 lapas compositus—s. Diambras  sine odo^atis, Pul-
 vis  cinnamomi compositus — s. Diatragaeanthas
 frigidas, Pulvis tragacanthae compositus—s. Hieras
 pieras, Pulvis aloes cum canella — s. Lastificantes
 Rhazis,  Pulvis cinnamomi compositus—s. e Scor-
 dio cum opio, Pulvis cretas compositus cum opio
 —s. e Scordio sine opio, Pulvis cretas compositus.
   SPECIF'IC, Specif'icua, from apecics, 'a form
 or fashion,' and facere,  ' to make.'  A substance
 to  which is attributed the  property of removing,
 directly, one disease rather  than any other. Pro-
 bably no such remedy exists.  Mercury  in syphi-
 lis,  and  eulphur in the itch, have been  regarded
 as  the strongest examples.
   Specific op Herrenschwand.  A once cele-
 brated German vermifuge. It is said to have
 consisted  of  10 grains  of  Gamboge, with 20  of
 Carbonate of Potaaaa.   li is affirmed, that mer-
 cury and arsenic  have also been found in it.—
 Paris.
   SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  Potassas sul-
 phas.
   SPECIL'LUM,  Mele, Stylne, Explorato'rium,
 from epecio,  ' I examine,' Specla'rion,  a probe,
       51
(F.) Stylet, Sonde.  A surgical instrument, em-
ployed for examining wounds, fistulas, and  for
passing setons, Ac.  It is usually formed of sil-
ver; and  is terminated, at one end, by an olive-
shaped button.  The eyed probe has an aperture
at the other extremity.
  Specillum, Everriculum, Hypaleiptron, Sound
—s. Auricularium, Apyromele—s.  Cereum, Bou-
gie—s. Exeavatura, Stylus  excavatus—s.  Latum,
Spatula—s. Minus, Melotis.
  SPECLARION, Specillum.
  SPECTACLES, from apcctare, 'to behold;'
Conapicil'la,  (F.)  Beaiclea, Lunettea ordinairea,
Conaervea.  Classes to assist the sight: arranged
so as to be adapted to both eyes.   These  glasses
are more  or less concave or convex, according as
the sight is more or less short, (myopic,) or long.
(preabyopic.)  AVhen  the glass is adapted to one
eye, it is called an Eyeglass,  Conspicil'lum, Per-
spicil'lum, Vitrum oculu'ie.
  SPECULA'RIS LAPIS.  A transparent mine-
ral, but of what nature is  not clear, which was
formerly employed in epilepsy.  In old times it
was used  for glass.— Pliny. .
   SPEC'ULUM, Catop'ler, Catop'tron, Dicqi'tron.
In  Latin, 'a mirror;' from epecio, 'I see.'  In
surgery, it means different  instruments for dila-
ting cavities, and  facilitating their examination.
See  Dilator.  There are various  instruments of
this kind, — the  S. Ani,  S. Auris, S. Vagina.
(Colpeuryu'ter,  Elytreurynter,)  S. Matri'cia, S.
Oculi, S.  Oria  ((F.) Bullion,) S. Gutturia, S.
 Veaica.
   Speculum Citrinum, Orpiment — s. Indicum,
Ferri limatura—s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum—s.
Oris,  Glossocatochus—s. A'eneris, Achillea mille-
folium.
   SPECUS,  Arulva —s. Cordis, A'entriele of the
Heart—s. Pro medulla spinali, see Aertebral co-
lumn—s.  A'ertebralis, see A'ertebral column.
   SPEDALSKE,  see Radzyge.
   SPEDALSKIIED, see Radzyge.
   SPEECH, A'oice, articulated.
   SPEECHLESSNESS. Mutitas.
   SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Pilulae  aloes et
myrrh as.
   SPEEDAVELL, BROOKLIME, Areronica bec-
cabunga—s. Female, Antirhinum elatine—s. Offi-
cinal, Areronica—s. Purslain, A'eronica peregrina
—s. AVater, A'eronica beccabunga.
   SPELTRUM, Zincum.
   SPERAGUS, Asparagus.
   SPERM,  from  oireipto,  'I  sow.'   Spermat'ic
fluid  or  liquor, Sem'inal  fluid. Seed, Semen, S.
viri'le seu maaculi'num seu genita'le, Semin'ium,
 Genita'le, Medul'la, Rytia'ma, Ros, Sanguis, Se-
rum,  Humor genita'lis seu semina'lis seu  vene'-
reus,  Uri'na genita'lis, Gcnitu'ra,  Sperma,  S.
viri'le, Spermi'um, Tho're, Tho'rus, Lac maris,
Lagne'a,  Lagni'a, Lagneu'ma, Germen,  Male'e
milk, Prop'agatory or genital  liquor,  Vita'le vi-
rit8, Vital or quickening venom, (F.) Sentence, Flu-
 ide aeminal.   A whitish, viscid fluid, of a  peculiar
smell, secreted by the testicles, whence it is car-
ried by the vasa deferentia to the  vesiculas semi-
nales, to  be thrown into the vagina, during co-
ition,  through the ejaculatory duets and  the ure-
 thra.  It is the fecundating fluid, and must come
 into actual contact with the germ of the female.
 The Aura aem'inia, Gonou'ro, is incapable of ef-
 fecting fecundation.  The  semen, at the time of
 emission, ia  composed of two different fluids ; the
 one liquid and  transparent, which is considered
 to be the secretion of the  prostate, — the  other.
 white, and as thick as mucilage;  the product of
 the testicular secretion.  The sperm contains, ac-
 cording to A^auquelin, 900 parts of water, 50 of
 animal mucilage, 10 of soda, and 30 of calcareous 
SPERAIA
802
SPERMATOP02IA
phosphate.  The  animal matter is peculiar, and
by some termed apermatin.
  Microscopic observations show that it contains
epermatozo'a, or more properly spcrmatazo'ids;
for their animalcular nature is not demonstrated.
They are  produced in cells — sperm-cells — and
have probably no more title to be considered ani-
malcular, than the cilia of the ciliated epithelium.
By  careful  examination, other minute,  round,
granulated bodies may  almost always  be de-
tected, which are in all  cases much less nume-
rous than  the spermatozoa.   These bodies ftre the
seminal granules, grun'ula sem'inis.  Pure sperm,
in its  most perfect state, consists principally of
speimatozoids  and seminal  granules; both of
which are enveloped in a small quantity of fluid,
liquor eem'inie.
  It has  been  imagined, but erroneously,  that
during coition there is a secretion of female sperm
—Semen mulie'bre, Thelyg'onum.  The increased
secretion  that  takes place is chiefly from the
glands of  Duverney.
  Sperm also means spermaceti.
  Sperm  Cell, see Sperm.
  SPERMA, Sperm — s. Mercurii, Hydrargyrus
aeetatus.
  Sperma Rana'rcm, Sperrii'ola seu Sperni'olum
seu Spermi'ola seu Spermi'olum rana'rum.  Frog's
spawn. Once used in medicine.
  SPERMACETI, Cetaceum—s. Whale, see Ce-
taceum.
  SPERMACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  SPERAIATACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  SPERMATACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  SPERMATIC, Spermat'icua, Semina'lis,  Sem'-
inal.  That which relates to the sperm. A name
given to different parts connected with the organs
of generation.
  Spermatic Arteries, A. Spe.rmat'icte, A. pra-
paran'tes, (F.) Arteres testiculairee, A. de I'ovaire
(Ch.), are two in number—one on each side—and
arise from the sides of the aorta, sometimes from
the  renal arteries.  They descend, almost verti-
cally, at  the sides of the vertebral  column, and
are distributed differently in the  two sexes.   In
man, the  spermatic artery, situate at the side of
the vas deferens, issues by the abdominal  ring;
gives  numerous  ramifications to the  spermatic
chord, and divides into two fasciculi of branches,
one of which goes to the testicle,— the other to
the  epididymis.   In the female,  the spermatic
artery, ova'rian artery, dips  into the pelvis, and
passes to  the ovarium, Fallopian tube, and round
ligament.
   Spermatic Chord, Testicular Chord, Funic'-
ulua Spermatieus,  Corpus irtrico'sum, (F.) Cordon
spermatique  ou testiculaire.  The vascular and
nervous chord, by which the testicle is suspended.
It is composed of the spermatic artery and veins;
of other  small vessels; of  lymphatics; of ner-
 vous  filaments from the spermatic plexus, and
 from  the genito-crural branch of the lumbo-ab-
 dominal  plexus: of the vas deferens, and, very
 often, of  a fibro-oellular chord, which  unites the
 peritoneum to  the upper part of the tunica vagi-
 nalis, and in  which encysted hydrocele  of the
 s?perinatic chord occurs.  All these parts are uni-
 ted together by a very lax, areolar tissue, and
 surrounded by coats, which, reckoning from with-
 out, are :  — 1.  The skin and areolar membrane.
 2.  A fibro-cellular membrane, formed by the fas-
 cia  superficialis.   3. A very thin layer, formed by
 fibres of  the cremaster  muscle, united archwise
 before, and often  also behind, the chord.   4. The
 proper sheath  of the spermatic vessels, or the  tu-
 bular prolongation furnished by the fascia trans-
 versalis to the chord, on a level with the superior
 orifice of  the inguinal canal.  The spermatic
chord is commonly shorter on the right side than
on the left; and of a different size in different
individuals.   It  ascends, almost vertically, from
the superior margin of the testicle  as  far as tho
lower orifice of the inguinal canal; passes through
this canal and enters the abdomen, crossing the
epigastric artery.  Here it forms an evident  el-
bow,  directing its  course  backward.   At  this
part, also, the organs composing it  separate from
each other : — the  vas deferens descending into
the pelvis to pass behind the bladder ;—the blood-
vessels and lymphatics ascending towards the
lumbar region, Ac.
  Spermatic Fluid, Sperm.
  Spermatic  Ganglion.   A  large ganglion,
formed by branches from the  hypogastric gang-
lion, and from the spermatic plexus.   It supplies
the fundus  uteri.   Besides these  ganglia, Dr.
Robt. Lee describes vee'ical and vag"inal ganglia,
and anterior and posterior eubperitone'al ganglia
and plexuses, which  communicate  with  the pre-
ceding, and constitute an extensive nervous rete
over the  entire uterus.
  Spermatic Liquor, Liquor, Sperm.
  Spermatic  Passages or AA^ays,  Via  Sperma-
tica, are the canals  concerned in  the excretion
of semen.
  Spermatic Plexuses of nerves,  Plexus tceticu-
larea, are two in number, and  are  furnished by
the renal plexuses.   Their filaments, called Sper-
matic nervea, follow the arteries of the same name
to the testicle in man; and to the ovary and Fal-
lopian tube in the female,—ova'rian nerves.  They
cannot  be traced  into the substance  of  these
organs.
  Spermatic Veins are two or three in number,
on  each  side.  They accompany  the spermatic
artery, and open — those of the right,  into  the
vena cava  inferior; those of  the  left,  into  the
corresponding renal  vein.   These veins  form,
above  the testicle, a kind of venous network,
called, by some, the Spermatic Plexua ; and  an-
other plexus before the psoas  muscle, called  the
Corpus pa m pi ni forme.
   SPERMATIN, see Sperm.
   SPERMATIS'MUS,  Emia'aio   eem'inie, from
airtpfia, 'sperm.'  The emission of  sperm.
   SPERMATOCELE, Hernia eemina'lia acroti,
 Oacheoce'le  aemina'lie,  Gonoce'le,  from  airtpfia,
'sperm,' and kt/Xij,  'a tumour.'   The  ancients
gave this name to certain swellings of the testi-
cle which were  regarded as produced by an ac-
cumulation of sperm in the organ.  Also, vari-
cocele.
   SPERMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOCLEPSIS, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG'TA,   Caulor-
rhog"ia ejaculato'ria, Hamatu'ria ejaculato'ria,
H. semina'lis, from  circpfta,  airtpparos,  'sperm,'
 xvans, 'bladder,' and payn,  'a breaking forth.'
 A discharge of blood from the urethra, or the act
 of ejaculation of sperm.
   SPERMATODES, Gonoides.
   SPERMATOGONIA, Spermogon'ia,  Sperma-
 topoe'ia, Spermatopoe'eie, Spermi'nm, from oirtppa,
 ' sperm,' and ytwaia,' to beget.' The preparation
 or secretion of sperm.
   SPERMATOID, Gonoides.
   SPERMATOLEPSIS, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOLIPSIS, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOL'OGY,  Spermatolog"ia,  from
 airtpfia, ' sperm,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' A trea-
 tise on sperm.
   SPERMATOPH'OROUS, Seminiferous, from
 airtpua,  ' sperm,'  and (ptpta, ' I carry.'   Sperm-
 bearing.  The  cells  or granules  in the  sperm
 have been so called.
   SPERMATOP03IA, Spermatogonia. 
SPERMATOPOESIS
801
SPHENOIDES
  SPERMATOPOESIS, Spermatogonia.
  SPER.MATOPOETIC, Spermatoposus.
  SPERMATOP(E'US, Spermatopoet'icua, Sper-
matopoir-t'icua, Spermotopoet'ic, Gonepoe'us, Gone-
}ioni'ic„g, Gonopoiet'icus,  from airtpfia, 'sperm,'
and votciv, 'to make.'  Food, to which  has been
attributed the property of  augmenting the secre-
tion of semen ; and, consequently, of exciting the
venereal act. A"ery succulent and very nutritious
substances have been so considered.
rhoe'a rent, (F.) Flux de Sperme, Pollutions, Per-
tea aiminalea ; from aitipfia**\Qerm,' and ptta, ' I
flow.' An emission of sperm, without copulation.
See Gonorrhoea, and Pollution.
  Spermatorrhoea AtonhVa, Gonorrhoea laxo-
rum.
  SPERMATOS'CHESIS, from  airtpfia,  'sperm,'
and axiats, pretention.'  Retention or suppression
of the spermatic secretion.'
  SPERMATOZEMIA, Spermatorrhoea.
 lia seu epermat'ica, Vermic'uli epermat'ici, Semi-
 nal filaments\Spcrmatic or eemiiiid animalculee (?).
 Reputed aniiiNlcules seen in the sperm; by most
 physiologists supposed to be the formatiye agents
 in generation.  See Sperm.             ^^
   SPERMA TOZOAIRES, Spermatozoa.X
   SPERMATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa.
   SPERMIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana-
 rum.
   SPERMIUAI, Sperm, Spermatogonia.
   SPERMOBOLE, see Ejaculation, Spermatis-
 mus.
   SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot.
   SPERMOGONIA, Spermatogonia.
   SPERM0RRHO3A, Spermatorrhoea.
   SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM, Sperma rana-
 rum.
   SPEWING, Vomiting.
   SPHACELATION, Mortification.
   SPHACELE,  Sphacelus — s. de  la Bouche,
 Cancer acuiaticua.
   SPHACELIA SEGETUM, see Ergot.
   SPHACELISMUS,  Sphacelus — s.  Cerebri,
 Phrenitis.
   SPHACELUS, Gangra'na Sphacelua, Spho-
 celia'mua,  Cold mortification, (F.) SphacZle, Gan-
 grbiefroide,  from atpa^ta, 'I slay.'  This word is
 used, by some, synonymously with gangrene ; by
 others, with gangrene when it occupies the whole
 substance of a  limb.  Commonly, it means the
 disorganized  portion, in cases  of mortification,
 anthraconecro'eia, which must be thrown off—or
 is, in other words,  totally dead.   The foul disor-
 ganized portion of an ulcer—called the slough—
 must be considered a kind of sphacelus.
   Sphacelus was formerly used to denote excessive
 pain; and for agitation from excessive pain, or
 violent emotion.
  Sphacelus CerealA, Ergotism — a. Nosoco-
 mialis. Hospital gangrene.
  SPHiERA, Pila — s. Marina,  Pila marina — s.
 Thalassia, Pila marina.
  SPHJERANTHUS INDICUS, Adaca.
  SPH.ERIDION, Pilula.
  SPILERION, Globule, Pilula.
  SPHJEUOCEPHALA ELATIOR, Echinops.
  SPHvEROCOCCUS CRISPUS. Fucus crispus
— s.  Helminthochortus,  Corallina Corsicana — s.
Lichenoides, Fucus amylaceus.
  SPH^ERULiE SANGUINIS, Globules of the
blood.
   SPHAGE, Throat.
   SPHENDONE, Funda.
   SPHENOID,  Sphenoi'des, Spheno'des,  Sphe-
noidale, Sphcno'ida'lis, from atpnv,  'a wedge,' and
ttios, ' resemblance.'  Wedge-shaped.   Hence,
   Sphenoid Bone, Sphenoidea oa, Os baaila're seu
cuneifov'me seucu'neocompara'tumseuaphenoida'-
le seu multiforme  seu az'ygoe seu papilla're seu
polymor'phon seu paxilla're seu baxilla're seu
alafor'me seu apheco'i'dee seu veapifor'me seu i'h-
conjuga'tum,  Pter'ygoid bone. An azygous bone,
situate op the median line, and at the base of the
cranium.  It articulates  with all the other bones
of that cavity ;  supports them, and strengthens
their union.  Its form is  singular, and resembles
a bat with its wings extended.  It  has,  1. An
inferior or guttural eurface, on which  is situate
the crista, that joins the vomer; a channel, which
concurs in forming the pterygo-palatine foramen ;
the  pterygoid process; the  pterygoid fossa; the
scaphoid  depression; the A'id^an  or  pterygoid
canal; the foramina — ovanV spinale,"Ac.  2. A
superior or cerebral eurface,  oh which are : — the
clinoid  processes; the pituitary fossa;  the fora-
mina (ovale, rotundum,  and spinale); the Apo-
physis of Ingrassias or lesser wing ; the foramen
opticum, Ac 3. An occipital or posterior surface,
which is articulated with the basilary process of
the  occipital bone. * 4. An  anterior or orbitar-
nasal  surface;  having,  anteriorly, a  crista to
   X'e with the ethmoid bone; and, on each side,
     und aperture, which  leads into two cavities    >k
in the substance  of  the bone, separated  by  a
middle septum, and called thiispheiioidal singes.
5. Two zygomato-tcmporal or^^ternal sur/aStf,
which correspond to the temporal and  zygomatic
fossas.
   Some divide the sphenoid into body or middle
portion; and ala, which  are four in number, and
are  subdivided into great (Temporal Plates or
Wings) and little (Apophyses of Ingrassias). The
Sphenoid suture surrounds the bone.
   Sphenoid,  Spinous Process of the, Sphenoid
spine.
   SPHENOID'AL, Sphenoida'lis.  That which
belongs' or relates to the sphenoid bone.
   Sphenoida'liA  Cor'nua,  (F.) Cornets sphino-
idaux, Cornets de  Bertin;   Osaic'ida  Berti'ni,
Oaaa triangula'ria, Pyr'amide of Wistar.   Two
small, thin,  and  curved  bones, situate between
the  sphenoid and ethmoid, with which they are
confounded in the adult.  They have the shape
of a hollow pyramid, with the base turned back-
wards;  and  are developed by a single point of
ossification.   They are articulated with the sphe-
noid, ethmoid, palate bone, and vomer.
   Sphenoidal or Supe'rior  Or'bitary Fissure,
Fora'men  lac"erum eupe'riita, (F.) Fente apino'i-
dale, is a  large fissure, situate between  the great
and  little  ala of the sphenoid.  It is seen at the
upper and back part of the orbit between which
and  the cranium it is a means of communication.
   Sphenoidal  Spine, (F.)  Epine aphinoidale,
Spinoua Proceaa of the Sphenoid; — 1. A project-
ing crista at the inferior surface of the sphenoid-
bone, for  articulation with the vomer.   2. A tri-
angular process, Apophyae aoua-temporole (Ch.),
met  with near the posterior margin of the same
bone, behind  the foramen spinale.   At the point
of the spinous process, a atyloid proceaa is fre-
quently met  with."
  SPHENOIDES, Cuneiform, Sphenoid —s. Os,
Sphenoid bone.
  SPHENOMAXILLARY,  Spheno-moxilla'ris.
That which relates to the sphenoid and maxillary
bones.
  Sphenomaxillary  Fissure, Inferior or'bita* 
04               SPICEBUSn
             SPHENO-ORBITAR            81

Fiaaure, (F.) Fente ephino-maxilloire ou orbitaire
infirieure; called, also, Fora'men  lac"erum in-
fe'rius, F. epheno-maxilla're,  is situate  at the
posterior part of  the angle formed by the union
of the internal and inferior parietes of the orbit.
It is  constituted, above, by the sphenoid  bone;
below, by the superior maxillary and palate bones;
and, before, by the malar  bone.  It is  narrower
at the middle than at the  extremities, and forms
a communication between  the orbitar cavity and
the zygomatic fossa.
  Sphenomaxillary Fossa is a name given by
some  anatomists, to a depression at the union of
the sphenomaxillary and  pterygomaxillary fis-
sures.
  SPHENO-OR'BITAR.  A name given, by Be-
clard  to the  anterior part of the body  of the
sphenoid bone, which is developed by a variable
number of points of ossification.
  SPHENOPAL'ATINE,Spfie77opnZac7'Hics. That
which relates to the sphenoid and palate bones.
  Sphenopalatine»Artery, Large lateral naeal
A., is the termination of the internal maxillary.
It enters  at the posterior part of the superior
meatus of the nose, through the spheno-palatine
foramen, and spreads its numerous branches on
the pituitary membrane covering the  septum, the
cornua, and the meatus.
  Sphenopalatine Fora'men is a round aper-
ture, formed by the vertical portion of the  os pa-
lati and the sphenoid.  It establishes a commu-
nication between  the nasal fossas and the zygo-
matic fossa.
  Sphenopalatine Ganglion, Ganglion of Mec-
kel, Sphenoidal G. (Ch.)   A small, nervous, cor-
diform, or triangular ganglion, of variable size,
situate  without the foramen sphasno-palatinum,
in the pterygomaxillary fissure.   It  seems sus-
pended by several nervous filaments to the trunk
of the superior maxillary nerve, and  gives off
internal or ephenopalatine filamenta,  inferior or
palatine filaments, and & poaterior filament, which
is the  Vidian or pterygoid nerve.
  Sphenopalatine Nerves, Lat'eral nasal nerves,
arise from the ganglion —just described — at its
inner part,  and enter the nasal fossas by the sphe-
nopalatine foramen. They are five or  six in num-
ber,  and distribute their  filaments to the outer
and inner parietes of the nasal  fossae.  One of
the most remarkable branches is  the  Naso-pa-
latine.
  SPHENOPALATINE, Levator palati.
  S PIIE N 0 P A RI' E T A L,  Spheno - pari eta'-
lie.  That which belongs  or relates to  the sphe-
noid and parietal bones.
  Sphenoparietal Suture is formed by the ar-
ticulation  of  the extremity of the greater ala of
the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior angle
of the parietal bone.
  SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS, Circum-
flexus— s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflex — e.
Salpinc/o-mallien, Laxator tympani.
  SPIIENOSIS, see Wedged.
  SPHENOSTAPHYLINUS,  Levator palati.
  SPHENOTEMP'ORAL, Spheno-tempora'lie.
That  which belongs to the sphenoid  and tempo-
ral bones.
  Sphenotemporal Suture is the suture at the
articulation of the great alas of the sphenoid bone
with the squamous portion of the temporal.  B6-
clard gives the name ephenotemporal to the pos-
terior part  of the body of  the sphenoid, which is
developed by distinct points of ossification.
   SPHEX, AArasp.
   SPHINCTER, Conetric'tor, Muec'ulua constric-
to'rius, from etptyyia, ' I constrict.' A  name given
to  several  annular muscles,  which  constrict or
close certain natural openings.
       50
  Sphincter Ani, Annula'ria Ani.   Many ana-
tomists  have described two sphincter muscles of
the anus: — 1. The  S. exter'nua,  Aspidia'coa, S.
cuta'neua, Coccygio-cut ani-sphincter, Orbicula'ria
Recti, Conatric'tor Ani,  Coccygio-anal, (Ch.)  It
is situate around the anus; is elliptical from be-
fore to behind ; flattened, and pierced at its mid-
dle.  Its fibres describe concentric arcs,  which
are attached, behind, to the extremity of the coc-
cyx, by a dense, areolar substance;  and are con-
founded, anteriorly, with the bulbo-cavernosi and
transversi perinan muscles.  This  muscle con-
tracts and closes the anus.   2. The inner or ?'«-
ternal  Sphincter Ani, Sphincter  inteatina'lia  of
AVinslow, is by many anatomists considered as
the termination of the circular fibres of the rec-
tum.  It is annular, and situate around the infe-
rior  extremity of th,e rectum, to the extent of
about a finger's breadth.  It has the same uses
as the other.
  Sphincter  Gvlje, Constrictores  pharyngis —
s. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of—s. Intestinalis, Sphinc-
ter ani internus^—s. Labiorum, Orbicularis  oris—
s. Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. Palpebra-
rum, Orbicularis palpebrarum—s. Pylori, see Py-
lorus— s. Vaginas, Constrictores cunni — s. Ven-
triculi, Pylorus.
  Sphincter Vesi'c^b, Spihincter of the bladder.
Some anatomists have given this name to whitish,
elastic,  and circular fibres, which surround the
neck of the bladder, but do not constitute  a par-
ticular muscle.  Morgagni has given the name
Psetoo-Sphincter to the anterior fibres  of the
levator  ani, which pass beneath the neck  of the
bladder, and, by  their contraction, close that
opening.  See Compressor urethras.
  SPHONDYLIUM, Heracleum spondylium.
  SPHONGUS, Spongia.
  SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA,   from
atppayts, ' a seal,' ovuf, ' the nail,' apyos, ' white,'
or perhaps apyvpos, ' silver,' and xoptta, 'I adorn.'
A charlatan who adorned his fingers to the very
nails with rings. — Aristophanes, Hippocrates.
  SPHYGMA, Pulse.
  SPHYG'MICA ARS, Sphygmic art, from otpvy-
pos, 'the pulse.' The art of judging  by the pulse,
in health or disease.
  Sphygmica Doctrina, Sphygmologia.
  SPHYGMICUS, Throbbing.
  SPHYGMOCEPHALUS, Crotaphe.
  SPHYGMODES, Throbbing.
  SPHYGMOLOG"IA,  Sphyg'mica Doctri'na,
from aipvyuos,  'the pulse,' and Xoyos, 'a descrip-
tion.'  The doctrine of the pulse.
  SPHYGMOMETER,  Pulsilegium.
   SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse.
   SPHYGMOSCOPIUM,  Pulsilegium.
   SPHYRA, Malleolus.
   SPHYXIS, Pulsation.
   SPIC, Lavendula.
 ^ SPICA, Faa'cia repena, the Spica  bandage, (F.)
Epi.  A bandage so called in consequence of its
somewhat  resembling a apike  of barley.   The
turns of the bandage  cross like the letter V; —
each leaving a third of tne roller uncovered.   It
is  distinguished into aacending and descending.
It may be applied over various parts of the body,
and in a different manner in each case ; thus, there
ia the Spica  seu Fascia inguina'lia, Spica ingui-
na'lie duplex, the spica for the shoulder, and an-
other for the thumb.
   Spica, Lavendula.
  Spica Alpina, Valeriana  Celtica — s. Celtica,
Valeriana Celtica—s. Indica, Nardus Indica—s.
Nardi, Nardus Indica.
   SPICEBERRY, Gaultheria, Laurus Benzoin
   SPICEBUSH, Laurus Benzoin. 
SPICES
805
SPINAL
    SPICES, FOUR, see Myrtus pimenta.
    SPICEWOOD, Laurus Benzoin.
    SI'fCILLUM, Specillum.
    SPIOER,  see Araneas tela.
    SPIDERWORT, Liliago,  Tradescantia Vir
 ginica.
    SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica.
    Spige'lia  Marilan'dica, Anthel'mia, Spige'lia
 Louie"era, Louie"era Marilan'dica,  Peren'nial
  Wormgraae or Indian Pink, Caroli'na Pink, Star-
 bloom, Wormroot.   Nat.  Ord. Gentianeas.  Claea,
 Pentandria.  Order, Monogynia. Indigenous. The
 root—Spigelia (Ph. U. S.)—is celebrated as an
 anthelmintic, particularly in  cases of lumbriei.
    It is, also,  asserted to have been found service-
 able in remittent fever.  It is  a  narcotico-acrid.
 Dose, gr. x to gss.
    SPIGNEL, iEthusa meum.         ♦
    SPIKENARD,  Conyza squarrosa, Nardus In-
 dica— s. American, Aralia racemosa — s. Small,
 Aralia nudieaulis—s. Tree, Aralia spinosa.
    SPILANTHES   ACMELLA,  Spilanthus ac-
 mella.
    SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL'LA,  S, cilia'ta  seu
 fimbria'ta, Spilan'thee acmel'la,  Bidene acmella,
 Achmella,  Acme/la, A.  Mauritiana,  Verbesi'na
 acmella,  Balm-leaved Spilanthus.  Family,  Co-
 rymbiferas.   Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia Polygamia
 asqualis.   This plant possesses a glutinous, bitter
 taste, and fragrant smell.   The herb and seed
 are said  to be diuretic and emmenagogue.  They
 have been used in dropsies, jaundice, fluor albus,
 and calculous complaints;  given  in infusion.
    Spilanthus, Balm-leaved, Spilanthus acmel-
 la— s. Ciliata, S. acmella — s. Fimbriata, S. ac-
 mella.
    Spilanth'us Olera'ceus,  Spear-leaved Spi-
 lanthus, (F.)  Cresson de Para.  A tincture of the
 plant has been recommended in toothach.
    SPILI, see Nasvus.
    SPILOMA, see Nasvus.
    SPILOSIS, Epiehrosis — s. Ephelis, Ephelides
 s.  Poliosis,  Poliosis.
    SPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC DROPS.
 An empirical preparation,  formed  of hydrarg.
 oxymur.,  rad. gentian., cort. aurant.  sice, aa £ij;
 antimon.  crttd., santat.  rubr. aa ^j ; spiritus vini
 rectifi, aqua,  aa J; viij.
   SPINA, 'a thorn ;' Spine, (F.) if pine.   A pro-
 cess on the surface  of a bone, which has been
 compared to the spines or thorns on certain vege-
 tables.  The chief processes of this name are:—
 the nasal apine, the apine  of the scapula, the spine
 of the iechium, the four iliac spines, the palatine
 spine, the maxillary, the sphenoid, Ac  The apine
 of the back is  the collection of vertebras constitu-
 ting the vertebral column.
   Spina,  Penis — s. Acida, Oxycantha Galeni —
 s.  jEgyptiaca,  see   Acacias  gummi — s.  Alba,
 Carduus   marianus,  Mes'pilus  oxycantha,  Ono-
 pordum  acanthium-—s.  Bifida,  Hydroraehis—»
 a. Cervina,  Rhamnus — si Domestica,  Rhamnus
 —s. Dorsi, A'ertebral column, see Nasus—s. Dorsi
 introrsum Flexa, Lordosis — s. Ferrea, Pin — s.
 Helmontii, Aiguillon— s.  Hirci, Astragalus verus
 — s. Infectoria, Rhamnus — s. Nodosa,  Rachitis.
   Spina  A'ento'sa,  Spina ventos'itas, Tere'do,
 Fungus Artic'uli, Oat arthroc'ace, Tumor fungo'sns
 artic'uli, Lu'pia junctu'ra, Hyperspon'gia, Flatus
 spina, Arthroc'ace, Padarthroc'ace, White Swell-
 ing (of some,)  Sidera'tio 0eei8, Cancer Ossis, Gan-
gra'na Ossis,  Exosto'sis.  A term of no definite
meaning,  as is obvious  from these various words
having been considered its synonymes.  By some,
it is defined to be — a disease  of the osseous sys-
tem, in which the  texture of the bone dilates,
seeming to  be distended  with  air, and constitu-
ting a variety  of osteo-sarcoma.  By others, it is
 considered to be a tumour arising from an internal
 caries of a bone; occurring most frequently in the
 carpus or tarsus.  The term itself is a translation
 from the Arabic  of Rhazes.  See, also, Hydrar-
 thrus, and Mollities Ossium.
   Spina Vertebralis, Vertebral column.
   SPINACH, Spinacia.
   SPINA CHIA, Spinacia.
   SPINA'CIA, Spina'chia, Spina'cia olera'cea,
 Spin'age, Spinach, (F.)  Epinard.  Family, Atri-
 pliceas.  Sex. Syst. Dioecia Pentandria,  A plant
 which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic powers.
 The leaves boiled, with the addition of oil, form
 a good emollient cataplasm.  It has been used in
 phthisical complaints; but its medicinal proper-
 ties, if it have any, are  not now regarded.
   Spinacia Oleracea,  Spinacia.
   SPINAE,  Spinous  processes — s. ATentositas,
 Spina ventosa.
   SPINAGE, Spinacia.
  ^SPINAL,  Spina'lis, Spino'sus, Spina'tus, (F.)
 Epiniire,  from spina, 'the spine.'   That which
 relates to the vertebral column.
   Spinal  Arteries  are two in  number, viz: 1.
 The posterior spinal, Artere midiane postirieure
 du  Rachis, (Ch.)  It arises from the vertebral,
 near the corpora pyramidalia, and descends on
 the posterior surface  of the spinal  marrow, dis-
 tributing its ramifications to it.  2.  The anterior
 spinal  artery, A. midiane antirieure, (Ch.,) is
 larger than  the  last,  and arises,  also, from  the
 vertebral.   It descends, in  a serpentine  manner,
 upon  the  anterior surface  of the marrow;  fur-
 nishes ramusculi  to  it,  and unites  with that of
 the opposite side, opposite the foramen magnum
 occipitis.  A  very tortuous branch  arises from
 this union, which descends as far as the inferior
 extremity of the marrow, to whieh it sends  nume-
 rous divisions.
   The term  Spinal Arteries or Rachinian Arte-
 ries is also given, in  the abstract, to all the arte-
 ries of the spinal marrow and vertebral  canal.
 The same may be said of the veins and nerves.
   Spinal Cord, Medulla spinalis.
   Spinal Foram'ina, (F.) Trous rachitliena, in
 the  abstract,  are  the  foramina formed by every
 two contiguous vertebras, through which the spi-
 nal nerves issue.  See Vertebral.  The term Fo-
 ra'men Spina'le  is especially applied, however,
 to a small  foramen, in front of the  spinous pro-
 cess of  the sphenoid bone, through which the
 middle artery of the  dura mater enters the cra-
 nium. It is, likewise, called Foramen spheno-spi-
 no'sum, (F.) Trou Sphino-ipineux ou pietit rond,
 Trou ipineux.
   Spinal Irrita'tion, Rhachialgi'tis, Rhachial'-
 gio, Neural'gia spina'lis, Notal'gia.  A modern
 pathological view, which-refers most nervous dis-
 eases to  irritation  of the spinal cord.  This irri-
 tation is presumed to be indicated by tenderness
 on  pressure over  the  spinous process of one or
 more vertebras, or over the nerves proceeding
 from the cord and distributed to  the parts  at the
 sides of the  spine. .  Such tenderness, however,
 by no means indicates the pathological condition
 in question, as it is often met with  in those en-
 joying perfect health.  The treatment advised is
 cupping  and  counter-irritation on each  side  of
 the spine, which  may be beneficial in such dis-
 eases, no matter what part of the frame may  be
in a morbid  state, by exciting a  new and  revel-
lent impression on a very sensible portion of the
cutaneous surface.
  Spinal Nerve, Accessory of the Par vagum
or Sth pair. Accessory  nerve of Willis, Spinal Ac-
cessory, Spino-cranio-trapizien, Superior respira-
tory  A'., Eleventh pair of encephalic nerves, Tra-.
chilo-dorsal (Ch.), arises from the medulla spi- 
SPINALES
806
SPIRIT
nalis, within the vertebral canal, between the an-
terior and posterior roots of the cervical nerves
at a greater or less distance from the cranium.
The roots unite to form the nerve, which ascends
into the cranium through the foramen magnum
of the  occipital bone, and issues by the foramen
lacerum posterius, crossing the sterno-cleido-mas-
toideus, to  which it gives filaments, and  losing
itself entirely on the trapezius muscle.  The pneu-
mogastric and  spinal accessory nerves together—
nervus vagus cum accesso'rio—resemble the spinal
nerves; the former, with its ganglion, being the
posterior root; the latter, the anterior.
  Spinal Nerves, Arertebral nerves—s. Prolon-
gation, Medulla spinalis.
  Spinal System of Nerves, see Nerves.
  SPINALES COLLI MINORES, Interspinales
colli — s. et Transversales lumborum, Transver-
salis dorsi.
  SPINALIS  CERVICIS, Semi-spinalis colli —
s. Colli, Semi-spinalis colli.
  Spinalis Dorsi, Grand ipineux du doa, Spina-
lis Dorsi major.  Winslow calls thus some fleshy
fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral surfaces
of the spinous processes; from the  third dorsal
vertebra to the first or second lumbar; and which
form part of the  transverso-spinalis  of most  au-
thors.  The same anatomist calls—Spina'lis Dorsi
minor, Petit ipineux du dos — some small, fleshy
fibres,  situate on each side of the interspinal liga-
ment.   They  are short, flat, and pass from one
spinous process to the other.  Like the preceding,
they form  part of the  transverso-spinalis.   All
these  fleshy  fasciculi strengthen  the vertebral
column.
  SPINATI, Interspinales colli.
  SPINATUS, Spinal.
  SPINDLE  TREE, Euonymus Americanus.
  SPINE,  Vertebral  column — s.  Curvature of
the, Gibbositas—s. Haemal,  Sternum—s. Neural,
Spinous process.
  SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS, Rectus  ca-
pitis posticus major—a. Axoido-trachili-atlo'idien,
Obliquus inferior  capitis.
  SPIN ITIS, Myelitis.
  SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis.
  SPINOLA,  see Hydroraehis.
  SPINOSUS, Spinal.
  SPINOUS,  Spino'aue, (F.) Epineux.   Having
the shape of a spine or thorn.
  Spinous  Proc"esses  or Apoph'yses  of the
 Ver'tebra,  Acan'tha,  Spina, CynoVophoi, Neural
Spinee of  Mr. Owen, (F.)  Apophyeee ipineuaee,
are situate  at the  posterior part of each vertebra,
and afford attachment to the muscles, whose office
it is to extend the spine.  See Vertebra.
  SPIRAC'ULA, (F.) Spiraculee, from  epi.ro, 'I
breathe.'   Respiratory pores of the skin.
  SPIR.E  CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerebral.
  SPIRJEA DENUDATA,  S. ulmaria.
  Spir.e'a Filipen'dula,  Filipendula, Saxif-
raga rubra, Dropwort, (F.) Filipendule.  Family,
Rosaceae. Sex. Sy8t. Icosandria Pentagynia.  The
root of this plant is said to possess astringent and
lithontriptic virtues.
  Spir.ea  Tomentosa, Hardhack, Red  meadow-
sweet,  Steeple  bush, Rosy bush, White leaf.   This
indigenous species, which  is abundant in  the
northern States of the Union, is tonic and astrin-
gent;  and  is  usually administered either in the
form of extract or decoction, (Spiraa 2ss; aqua
Oj.)
  Spiraea  Trifoliata,  Gillenia trifoliata.
  SPIRJ5A  Ulma'ria, S. denuda'ta,  Ulmaria, U.
palus'tris,  Regi'na Prati, Barba copra, Meadow
Sweet, Queen of the Meadows, Bar'bula capri'na,
(F.) Ulmaire,  Reine des Pree.  The  leaves have
been recommended as mild  astringents: — the
flowers as antispasmodics and diaphoretics.
  SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM. see Pulmo.
  SPIRAMENTUM ANIMvE, Pulmo.
  SPIRAMINA PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal
puncta — a. Pulmonum, see Pulmo.
  SPIRATIO, Respiration.
  SPIRIT, Spir'itus; from spirare, 'to exhale;'
(F.) Eaprit.   A name given to every liquid pro-
duct of distillation.  Spirits were formerly distin-
guished into — inflammable, acid, and alkaline ;
and consequently a number of substances were
crowded together, which  often  resembled each
other in no other property than in being volatile.
The term is now confined to alcoholic liquors, of
which the following are tho chief:
  Arrack.  Distilled  from coarse  palm  sugar,
named jaggery, fermented with  the  bark of the
Mimosa leucophlea; also from rice  and the fer-
mented juice of the Palm ; made in India.  Its
varieties are :—
  1. Mahwah Arrack.  Made in India from the
flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bassia butyracea.
  2. Tuba.  Made from palm wine, in  the Phi-
lippine Islands.
  Araka.  Distilled, by the  Tartars, from kou-
mis, fermented  mares' milk.
  Araki.  Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians.
  Arika.  A variety of koumis, distilled from fer-
mented mares' milk, in Tartary and Iceland.
  Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per-
simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other
fruits,  in  Europe, Asia, North and South Ame-
rica, wherever wine  is made.   The best brandy
is that  of Cognac; the next, that  of Bordeaux
and Rochelle.  The varieties  are —
  1. Aguardiente,  (S.)  In Peru,  the  common
brandy obtained from  grapes is the Aguardiente
de  Pieco, so called, because shipped at the port
of  Pisco.  Another  kind, much  dearer, and  of
excellent flavour, is made  from Muscatel grapes,
and is called Aguardiente de  Italia.   It is some-
times seen in the United States.
  2. Lau.  Made from rice, in Siam.
  3. Rakia.  Made  in Dalmatia from the huska
of grapes mixed with aromatics.
  4. Roeaolio.   Made at  Dantzic,  from a com-
pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants.
  5. Troater.   Made  on  the  Rhine,  from the
husks of grapes, fermented with barley and rye.
  6. Sekia-kayavodka.  Made from  the lees  of
wine and fruit at Scio.
   Genera Hollande, (genievre, French for juni-
per.)   Distilled from malted barley and rye, rec-
tified on juniper berries, in Holland.   Its variety
is —
   Gin.   Made in England, from malted barley,
rye, potatoes ; reotified with turpentine.
   Goldwaeaer.  Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat,
barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinnamon,
and other spices.
  Kirachwaaaer.   Distilled from the  Malacheb
cherry, in Switzerland.
  Maraachino.    Distilled  from  the  Macarska
cherry, at Zara, the  capital of Dalmatia.
  Rum, (supposed to be derived from the termi-
nal syllable of the word saccharum :  but the abo-
riginal  Americans call this liquor Rum.)  Dis-
tilled, in the West Indies and South America, from
cane-sugar and molasses,  and in North America
from maple-sugar.   Its variety is —
   Slatkaia trava.  Made in  Eamtschatka, from
a sweet grass.
  Show-choo.   Distilled, in China, from the lees
of  mandarin, a wine made from boihsd rice.
   Whisky, (supposed to be derived from usque,
the first two syllables of  uequebagh, the original
name in Ireland.)  Distilled, in Scotland and Ire- 
SPIRITS
807
SPIRITUS
 land, from  malted and raw barley, rye, oats, and
 potatoes; and in the south of France, from sloes.
 In Ireland it was called buil-ceaun, or madness
 vf the head.  The best Scotch whisky is Glenlivet,
 the best Irish, Enniehowen.
   Y-wer-a.   Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands,
 from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded,
 and fermented.
   To these may be added an intoxicating liquor
 made  by  the Affghanistans, from  ewes'  milk;
 and that made in Kamtschatka, from a species
 of mushroom, named muchumer.
   Spirit of Aniseed, Spiritus anisi—s. Bathing,
 Freeman's, see Linimentum saponis  compos.—
 s. Bathing, Jackson's, see Linimentum saponis
 compos.—s. Bezoardic of Bussius, see  Bussii spi-
 ritus Bezoarticus—s. Bone, Liquor volatilis cornu
 cervi—s. of Burrhus, Burrhi spiritus matricalis—
 6. of Carraway, Spiritus  carui — s. of Ether,  aro-
 matic, Spiritus astheris  aromaticus — s. Fuming,
 of Beguin,  Ammonias sulphuretum — s. Fuming,
 of Boyle, Ammonias  sulphuretum — s.  of Harts-
 horn,  Liquor cornu  cervi — s.  of Horseradish,
 compound,  Spiritus armoracias compositus—s. of
 Lavender, Spiritus lavandulas — s. of  Lavender,
 compound,  Spiritus lavandulas compositus—s. of
 Mindererus, Liquor ammoniae acetatis—s. of Ni-
 tre, sweet,  Spiritus astheris nitrici — s. of Nitric
 ether, Spiritus astheris nitrici—s.  of  Pennyroyal,
 Spiritus pulegii—s. of Peppermint, Spiritus men-
 thas piperitae — s.  Proof, Spiritus tenuior — s. of
 Salt, Muriaticum  acidum — s. of  Scurvygrass,
 golden, see  Spiritus armoracias compositus—s. of
 Spearmint,  Spiritus menthas viridis — s. of Sul-
 phuric ether, Spiritus astheris sulphurici — s. of
 Sulphuric ether, compound, Spiritus astheris  sul-
 phurici compositus—s. of Turpentine, Oleum tere-
 binthinas rectificatum — s. Verdigris,  Aceticum
 acidum—s.  of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid—s. of Wine
 and camphor, Spiritus camphoras.
   SPIRITS, ANIMAL, Nervous  fluid.
   SPIRITUOUS, Alcoholic
   SPIRITUS, Breath, Life,  Respiration, Spirit
 — s. ^Ethereus  nitrosus,  Spiritus astheris nitrici
 — s. ^Ethereus  vitriolicus,  Spiritus  astheris sul-
 phurici.
   Spir'itus JStheris Aromat'icus, ^Ether Sul-
 phu'ricus cum alcoho'le   aromat'icus, Elix'ir vi-
 trio'/i  dulce, Sweet Elix'ir of Vit'riol,  Viga'ni's
 Elixir of   Vitriol, Aromat'ic Spirit  of Ether.
 (Cinnam. cort. contus. ^iij. cardam. sem. contus.
 IJiss. piperis longi fruct.  cont.,  zingib. rad.  con-
 cis., sing. gj. spiritus  atheris sulphuric. Oj.   Ma-
 cerate, for 14  days, in a stopped glass vessel and
 strain.   Ph. L.)  It  is used  as  a stimulant in
 nervous affections.  Dose, f £ss to f gj.
   Spiritus  JEtheris  Nit'rici,  Sp. ^Etheris ni-
 tro'ei,  Sp.  nitri dulcie,  Sp. ^Ethe'reue  nitro'eue,
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre, Nitre drops, uEther nitri-
 cue alcooliaa'tue, Spirit  of Nitric Ether.  (ATi-
 trate of Potaaaa, in coarse powder, Ibij,  Sulphuric
 acid, tbiss;  Alcohol, Oixss; Diluted Alcohol,  Oj;
 Carbonate of Potaaaa,  £j.  Mix  the nitrate  of
 potassa and the alcohol  in a large glass retort,
 and having gradually poured in  the  aeid, digest
 with a gentle  heat  for two hours ; then raise the
 heat, and distil a gallon.   To the distilled liquor
 add the diluted alcohol and carbonate of potassa,
 and again distil a gallon. — Ph. U. S.)  It is re-
frigerant, diuretic, antispasmodic, and  diaphore-
 tic  Dose,  gtt. xxv  to  f3j.   Specifio gravity,
0.834.
  Spiritus  JEtheris  Sulphu'rict.  MJther  Sul-
 phuricus nun Alcoho'le,  Liquor  M'the'reus  Sul-
 phuricus, S/iiiifus Vitrioli dulcis,  Spiritus jEthe-
ria  vitriol'ici,  Liquor Sulphttricua  alcooliaa'tua,
Spirit  of Sulphuric Ether.   (^Ether. sulphuric.
Oss;  so. rec.  Oj.  Mix.  Ph. L.)   Stimulant,
diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic.  Dose,
f ^ss to f giij.
  Spiritus  vEtheris Sulphurici  Compos'itus
(Ph. U. S. 1842), Sp. atheris vitriol'ici composi-
tus, Spiritus -E'the ris compoaitua (Ph. U. S. 1851),
Liquor  tinod'ynue Hoffmanni,  Compound  Spirit
of Sulphuric Ether, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liquor.
(JSther Sulphuric. Oss ; Alcohol, Oj ; Ol. -Ether
f^iij.  Ph.  U. S.  Ph. L.)  Mix.   A stimulant
and antispasmodic  Specific gravity, 0.816.
  Spiritus  ^Etheris  A^itriolici   Compositus,
Spiritus astheris  sulphuric comp.
  Spiritus  Ajimo'hi.e, Al'kali ammoni'aeum
 ium ammoniaca'le vino'sum,  Spiritus  salis ai
 moni'aci vino'sus seu dulcis seu  dulcifica'tus,
 Solu'tio eubcarbona'tie ammoni'aci spiritao'sa,
 (F.) Eaprit d'ammoniaque.  (Ammon.  muriat. in
 pulv.  subtilissim., calcie, aa Ibj ;  alcohol, f^xx ;
 aqua, f^ix.   The water is employed to slake
 the  lime;  the muriate of ammonia is then well
 mixed with it, and by means of heat,  the ammo-
 nia is made to pass into the distilled  water con-
 tained in a quart  bottle.   Ph. U.  S.)   Stimulant
 and antispasmodic.  Dose, f^ss to fgj.
   Spiritus Ammonite Aromat'icus, 'Alcohol am-
 monia'tum aromaticum, Aromatic ammoniu'ted Al-
 cohol,  Sal volat'ile Dropa,  Spiritua aolia volat'ilis
 oteo'sua, Sp. volatilia aromaticus, Sal volatile oleo-
 sum Sylvii, Sp. ammonia compoe'itus, Tinctu'ra
 aromatica  ammoniata, Liquor oleo'aua  Sylvii,
 Lixiv'iuni^  ammoniaca'le aromaticum.   (Ammon.
 muriat.  ^y;  Potaaa. carb. 3viij, cinnam.  cont.,
 caryophyll. cont.aa ^ij ; Limon. cort. Jiv; alco-
 hol., aqua aa,, Uv. M.   Distil Ovijss.   Stimulant.
 Dose, fgss to  f^j.
   Spiritus Ammonite Compositus, Spiritus aro-
 maticus.
   Spiritus Ammonia  Fce'tidus,  Sp. volat'ilis
 jtvtidua, Fit Dropa, Al'cohol amnioniu'turn fceti-
 dum, Tinctu'ra asafcetida ammoniata, Fetid Spirit
 of Ammonia.  (Sp. ammonia Oij,  asafcetida 5ij.
 Macerate for  12 hours, and distil  Oiss.   Ph. L.)
 Stimulant and antispasmodic  Dose, f£ss to f 5Tj.
   Spiritus Ammonia  Succina'tus, Succiiuiied
 Spirit  of Ammonia, Common  Eau  de  Luce, Am-
 moni'aeum  sitccina'tum, Aqua Ln'cia,  Liquor ex
 Ammonia et Oleo Sttc'cini, Liquor ex'citans, Spi-
 ritus Ammonia cum Suc'cino, Sp. Salis  Ammoni'-
 aci. lactcs'cens seu lacteus.  (Mastich. giij, sp.
 rect. f gix,  ol. lavand, gtt. xiv, ol. succin. gtt. iv
 liq. amnion, fgx.   Macerate  the mastich  in the
 alcohol, and pour  off the clear tincture: add the
 rest  and shake.   Ph. L.)  Stimulant  and anti-
 spasmodic.  Dose, gtt. x to f ^ss,  or fgj.
  Spiritus Animales, see Nervous fluid.
  Spiritus Ani'si, Spiritus Anisi  compos'itus,
 Aqua anisi for'tis, Aqua Sem'inum Anisi compo-
sita, Spirit of  An'iseed,(F.) Esprit d'anis.  (Anisi
sem. cont.  Ibss, epirit  tenuior. cong., aqua quod
 satis sit ad prohibendum  empyreuma.  Ph. L.)
 Carminative.  Dose, f'^ss to  f gss.  In the com-
 pound  spirit, angelica is usually an ingredient.
  Spiritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini.
  Spiritus Armora'cia Compos'itus, Sp.Raph'-
 ani compositus, Aqua  Raphani composita,  Com-
 pound Spirit  of Horseradish, (F.)  Esprit de rai-
fort composi.    (Armorac. rad. recent, concis.,
 entrant, cort. exsicc, sing. Ytyj,myrist. nuc. contus.
£ss, spirit, ten. cong. aqua q. s. ad prohibendum
 empyreuma.   Ph. L.)  Stimulant and antiscor-
 butie. (?)  Dose, f^j, to f^W.
  The  Golden  Spirit of Scurvy grass — an  em-
pirical_ preparation —is formed by adding  gam-
boge 5 viij, to one gallon  of the  sp. armoracia
compoaitua. 
SPIRITUS                808                  SPIRITUS
  Greenough'a Tincture for the teeth, is formed of
amygd. amor, ^ij,  lig.  Breail.,  cassia  bacc, aa
^iv, irid. Florent. ^ij, coccinell., sal. acetosella,
alum, aa 3J> *P- *"'"• rect. Oij, s^j. armoracia comp.
fjss.
  Spiritus Beguinis, Ammonias sulphuretum —
s. Bellidis, see Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
  Spiritus  Camph'ora,  Sp.  camphora'tus,  Sp.
vino'sus camphoratus, Tinctu'ra  Camphora, (Ph.
U. S.) Spirit  of  Wine  and Camphor, Spirit of
Camphor, (F.) Esprit de Camphre, Alcool camphri,
Eau  de Vie camphrie.  (Camphor, ^iv, alcohol.
Oij.   Dissolve.)  Stimulant, anodyne and  discu-
tient. Used only externally.
  Spiritus  Car'ui, Sp.  Cari  Carui,  Spirit of
Car'raw'ay, Aqua Sem'inuin Carui fortis, A. Sem'-
inum  Carui, Strong Carui  Waters, (F.)  Esprit de
Carvi.  (Carui sem. cont. Ibiss, sp. tenuior.  cong.,
aqua q. s.  Distil a gallon.  Ph. L.)   Carmina-
tive.  Dose, f^j to f^ss.
  Spiritus  Cinnamo'mi,  Sp. Lauri Cinnamomi,
Spirit of Ciii'nainon,  Aqua  Cinnaniomi fortis,
Aqua Cinnam. spirituo'sa, Strong Cinnamon  Wa-
ter, (F.) Esprit de CanneUe. . (Cort.  cinnam. Qv,
sp. rect.  Oivss.)   Stimulant and  carminative.
Dose, fgj to f^ss.
  Spiritus  Col'chici Ammonia'tus, Ammoniated
Spirit of  Colchicum.   (Sem. colchic.  cont. 3i.i, ap.
ammon. aronutt. Oj.   Ph. L.)   Narcotic cathar-
tic, and diuretic   Used in gout, rheumatism, and
dropsy.  Dose, from gtt.  xxx to f^j.
   Spiritus  Cornu Cervi, Liquor C. C. — s. Fu-
mans Beguini, Ammonias sulphuretum—s. Geni-
talis, Aura seminis.
   Spiritus  Junip'eri  Compos'itus,  Compound
Spirit of Juniper, Aqua Junip'eri composita, (F.)
Eaprit de genievre compoae.  (Ol. junip. 3'ps» Ol.
carui, Ol. fivnicul.,  aa  gx ; Alcohol dilut. cong.
Solve.  Ph.  U. S.) Stimulant and diuretic.  Dose,
f£j to fgss.
   Spiritus  Lauri  Cinnamomi, Spiritus  cinna-
momi.
   Spiritus  Lavan'dula, Sp.  Lavandula epica,
Spirit of Lav'ender, Sp.  Lavond. eimpl., Laven-
der Water,  (F.)  Eaprit de Lavande.   (Lavand.
recent.  Ibij, Alcohol, cong.,  aqua Oij.  Distil a
gallon.)   Usually made  by  adding  the  oil to
rectified spirit.   Used as a perfume  chiefly.
   Spiritus LIvandula  Compos'itus, Tinctu'ra
Lavandula  compoeita,  Red Hartahorn, Lavender
dropa, Compound Spirit of La render, (F.)  Eaprit
de Lavande compoei.   (Sp. Lavand. Oiij, ep. roa-
morin. Oj, cinnam. contus. ^j, myriatic.  cont. ^ss.
caryophyll.  cont. gij, eantali cone.  ~,ii].   Mace-
rate for 14 days, and filter through paper.  Stimu-
lant.  Dose, gtt. xl to  fgij.
   Spiritus Lethalis, Carbonic  acid — s. Lum-
bricorum, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi.
   Spiritus Mentha Piperi'ta, Spirit of  Pep-
 permint,  Aqua  Mentha  piperit'idia apirituo'aa,
 Sp. Mentha piperit'idia  (F.)  Esprit de Menthe
poivrie.   (Olei menth.  pip.  ^vjss, sp.  rectif
 Oivss, aqua,  q. s. distil a gallon.  Ph. L.)  Car-
 minative and stimulant.   Dose, f^ss to f^iij.
   Spiritus Mentha Sativa,  Spiritus menthas
 viridis.
   Spiritus  Mentha  Vir'idis, Spearmint, Spi-
 ritua mentha eati'va, Aqua  Mentha vulga 'ria
 spirituo'aa, (F.) Eaprit  de Menthe  verte.   (Olei
 Menth. virid. 3 yiss> sp.  rectif. Oivss, aq.  q. s.
 Distil a gallon.   Ph. L.)  Like the last  in pro-
 perties and dose.
   Spiritus Millepedarum, Liquor cornu cervi.
   Spiritus Myris'tica, Spiritus Myristica Mos-
 eha'ta,  Sp. Nucia Moachata,  Aqua Nucia  Moe-
 chata, Nutmeg  Water, Aqua  Nephrit'ica, (F.)
Esprit de Muscade.   (Myrist. cont. £ij, Alcohol.
dit. cong., aqua  Oj.   Distil  a gallon.)  Cordial
and carminative.   Dose, 1 o.i  to f 3'v-
  Spiritus  Myrti Pimenta, Spiritus pimenta!
— s.  Nitri acidus, Nitric acid — s. Nitri  dulcis,
Spiritus  astheris nitrici — s.  Nitri duplex, Nitric
acid — s.  Nitri  fumans,  Nitric  acid — s.  Nitri
Glauberi, Nitric acid—s. Nitri  simplex, see Ni-
tric acid — s. Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric aeid — s.
Nucis  moschatas,  Spiritus myristice — s.  Oph-
thalmicus Mindereri,  Liquor  ammonias acetatis.
  Spiritus  Pimen'ta, Sp. Myrti Pimenta, Spi-
ritus  Pimento, Spirit of Pimento, Aqua Mirab'-
ilis.   (Ol. Piment. f. SJiji Alcohol,  dilut. cong.
Solve. Ph. U. S.) Cordial and carminative. Dose,
fJj to fjiv.
  Spiritus Pule'gii, Spirit of Pennyroyal, Aqua
Pulegii spirituo'sa, Spirituous Pennyroyal Water,
(F.)  Esprit de Pouliot.   (Olei pulegii J)vij, sp.
rect. Oivss, aqua,  q. s.  Distil a gallon.  Ph.
L.)  Same as spirit  of spearmint in  properties
and dose.
  Spiritus Pyro-aceticus, Acetone.
  Spiritus Rectifica'tus, Sp.  Vini rectificatus,
 (Eiiostag'ma,  CEnela'um, Pyrte'nus,  Sp.  Vino'-
sus rectificatue, Al'cohol, A. Vini, Spirit of IWiie,
(F.) Esprit de Vin  rectifii.   Rectified spirit is
much  used in Pharmacy to dissolve  resinous and
other  substances.  It is seldom exhibited inter-
nally; although it exists in  the diluted  state in
all vinous and spirituous  liquors.  Externally, it
is employed as a discutient. — S. g., according to
the London Pharmacopoeia,  0.838 ;  according to
that of Dublin, 0.840;  of Edinburgh and United
States, 0.835, (see Alcohol,)  and  of Paris, 0.819
to 0.827.
  Spiritus Rector, Aroma—s. Raphani com-
positus, Spiritus armoracias compositus.
  Spiritus  Rosmari'ni,  Sp.  Roemarini offici-
na'lis, Spirit of Rosemary, Spiritus Anthoa, Hun-
gary  Water, (F.) Eaprit  de  Romarin.  (Ol. roe-
marini giv, Alcohol, cong.  Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.)
Stimulant.  Dose, fgj to f^iv.
  Spiritus Salis  Acidus seu  Fumans, Muria-
ticum  acidum — s.  Salis ammoniaci,  Spiritus
ammonias — s. Salis  ammoniaci aquosus,  Liquor
ammonias — s. Salis  ammoniaci  lactescens  seu
lacteus,  Spiritus ammonias succinatus — s. Salis
 ammoniaci sulphuratus,  Ammonias  sulphuretum
 —s. Salis Glauberi,  Muriaticum acidum—s. Salis
 marini,   Muriatioum  acidum — s.  Salis   marini
 coagulatus,  Potassas  murias — s. Salis volatilis
 oleosus,  Spiritus ammonias  aromaticus — s. Sul-
 phurico-asthereus camphoratus,  Tinctura astherea
 composita — s.   Sulphurico-asthereus   martialis,
 Tinctura seu Alcohol sulphurico-asthereus  ferri
 — s.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous acid — s. Sulphuria
 per campanam, Sulphurous  acid — s.  Sulphuris
 volatilis, Ammonias  sulphuretum — s. Sulphuro-
 sus volatilis, Sulphurous acid.
   Spiritus Tenu'ior, Alcohol  dilu'tum,  Spiritus
 vino'sus tenu'ior, Proof Spirit (F.)  Esprit de vin
 dilayi.   Generally made for pharmaceutical pur-
 poses, by mixing equal parts  of rectified spirit
 and  water.   S.  g.  Lond.  0.920;  Edinb.  and
 United  States, 0.935.   It  is  employed  in  the
 same cases as those in which the alcohol is used:
 — chiefly, as a solvent of vegetable  matters,  in
 the form of tinctures.
   Spiritus Veneris, Aceticum acidum — s. Vini
 rectificatus, Spiritus  rectificatus—s. Vinosus cam-
 phoratus, Spiritus camphoras—s. ATinosus tenuior,
 Spiritus tenuior — s. Vitalis, Nervous fluid—s.
 Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid — s. Vitrioli acidus A'og-
 leri,   Sulphuricum acidum  dilutum-r-s.  Vitrioli
 coagulatus Mynsichti, Potassas sulphas—s. Vitrioli
 dulcis,  Spiritus aetheris  sulphurici — s.  Vitrioli
 phlogisticatus,   Sulphurous  acid —  s. Volatilia 
SPIROID CANAL            809                  SPLENIC
 aromaticus, Spiritus  ammonias aromaticus — s.
 Volatilis fcetidus, Spiritus ammonias fcetidus.
   SPIROID CANAL, Aquasductus Fallopii.
   SPIROM'ETER:  badly compounded from
 spiro, ' I breathe,' and ficrpov, 'a measure :'—pro-
 perly Anapnom'eter, Pneuaom'eter,  Pneumom'eter,
 Pneuiiititoiu'eter.  Any instrument for measuring
 the quantity of air concerned in respiration, and,
 consequently, the capacity of the lungs.
   SPIROPTERA HOMINIS, see  Worms.
   SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia.
   SPIT, Sputum.
   SPIT'AL, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   The
 village of Spital is situate on the south side of
 the Tweed, near Tweedmouth.   The springs there
 oontain  chloride of calcium, sulphate of soda, sul-
 phate and carbonate of lime.  They act as saline
 cathartics.
   SPITH'AMA, Dorane.  A measure of twelve
 fingers' breadth.
   SPITTING, Exspuition.
   SPITTLE, Saliva—s. Sweet, see Salivation.
   SPLANCIINA,  Entrails.
   SPLANCHNECTOP'IA,  Splanchnodiae'taeia,
 Situaperver'eue seu onom'alua inteatino'rum; from
 tritXayxvov, ' an intestine,' tx, ' out  of,' and toitoj,
 'place.'   Misplacement or ectopia of the intes-
 tines.
   SPLANCIINELMINTHA, Worms.
   SPLANCHNEURYS'MA, from airXayXvov, 'an
 intestine,' and cvpvvta, 'I dilate.'  Morbid dilata-
 tion of the  intestines.
   SPLANCHNIC, Splanch'nicue, Vie'ceral, from
 arXayxvov, ' viscus.' Relating or belonging to the
 viscera.
   Splanchnic Cav'ities are the. three great ca-
 vities of the body; — those of the cranium, chest,
 and abdomen.
   Splanchnic Nerves belong to the great sym-
 pathetic,  and are  two in number  on  each side.
 They are distinguished  into : —  1.  The great
 eplanchnic  nerve,  (F.) Grand  eurrinal  (Ch.),
 Its roots—four or five in number, come from the
 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and  sometimes the  10th,  tho-
 racic ganglia.   They descend  inwards,  on the
 sides of the vertebral column, beneath the pleura,
 and unite into a single trunk, which  enters the
 abdomen through a separation of the fleshy fibres
 of the pillars of the diaphragm; passes behind
 the  stomach, and divides into several branches,
 which pass into the semilunar ganglion.   2.  The
 teeeer eplanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, (F.) Splanch-
 nique acceeeoire of AValther, Petit eurrinal, (Ch.,)
 is composed of two distinct branches, proceeding
 from the 10th and 11th thoracic ganglion, which
 unite on  the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord, that
 pierces the  diaphragm  singly; enters  the abdo-
 men, and divides into two branches, one of which
 anastomoses with the  greater splanchnic nerve,
 whilst the other sends its filaments to the renal
 and solar plexuses.
   SPLANCIUNICA.  Medicines adapted to  dis-
 eases of  the bowels.   Also, the 2d order of the
 class  Caliaca of Good ; defined,—diseases affect-
 ing the collatitious  viscera, and  characterized by
 disquiet or diseased action in the organs auxiliary
 to the digestive process, without primary inflam-
 mation.
   SPLANCIINODIASTASIS, Splanchnectopia,
   SPLANCHNOD'YNE. from airXayxvov, 'a vis-
 cus,' and oSvvn, 'pain.'  Pain in the bowels.
   SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA, Splanchnography.
   SPLANCIINOG'RAPI!Y,  Splanchnogra'phla,
from airXayxvov, ' a viscus,' and Xoyos, ' a descrip-
tion.'  The part of anatomy which  treats of the
viscera.
   SPLANCnNOLITHI'ASIS; from  arrXayXvor,
 'a viscus,' and XtOos, 'a stone.'  The formation
 of a calculous concretion in any viscus.
   SPLANCHNOLOGY, Splonchnol-og"ia, from
 c-Xayxiov, ' a viscus,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  A
 treatise on the viscera:—also, Splanchnography.
   SPLANCIINOPATHI'A, from  a-XayXvov, 'a
 viscus,' and  iraSos, ' suffering.'  A disease  of the
 intestines.
   SPLANCIINOSCLERO'SIS, from  airXayXvov,
 ' a viscus,' and axXripos, ' hard.'  Induration of a
 viscus.
   S P L A N CIIN 0 T' 0  M Y,   Splanchnotom'ia,
 Splanchnot'ome, from  airXayxvov, 'a viscus,' and
 nuvta, ' I  cut.'   Dissection  or anatomy of the
 viscera.
   SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis.
   SPLEEN, Lien, Hepar  sinis'trum  seu adulte-
 ri'num, (F.) Rate.  A soft, spongy, parenchyma-
 tous  organ;  of a  more  or less deep  violet red,
 situate deeply in the left hypochondrium, below
 the diaphragm, above the colon, between the great
 tuberosity of the stomach  and the cartilages of
 the false ribs, and above and anterior  to the kid-
 ney.   Its ordinary length is 4£ inches ; its thick-
 ness 1\; and its weight S ounces. Its parenchyma,
 which is bathed in blood, contains a multitude of
 grayish, soft, and  semi-transparent granulations
 — splenic corpueclea or Malpighian bodies  of the
 spleen.   It is  covered  by  a serous  membrane,
 furnished by  the  peritoneum; and by a proper
 coat,  of afibrous nature, which is intimately united
 with  it, and transmits into its interior  delicate,
 solid, and very elastic  prolongations — trabecula.
 At its  inner  edge is a fissure,  by which  the
 vessels and nerves enter the organ.   The func-
 tions  of the spleen are  unknown.  One of the
 latest opinions is, that it  belongs to the lymphatic
 system ;  and acts  as a diverticulum to  the vas-
 cular system.
   Spleen, Hypochondriasis — s. Malpighian bo-
 dies of the, see Spleen—s. Supernumerary, Lien-
 culus.
   SPLEENAVORT, Asplenium, A.  filix  foemina,
 Asplenium scolopendrium — s. Bush, Comptoniay
 asplenifolia.
   SPLENAL'GIA, Neural'gia lie'nis, Sple'nica,
 Splenodyn'ia, from o-irAi7v, 'the spleen,'  and aXyos,
 ' pain.'  Pain in the spleen.
   Splenalgia Bengalensis, see Cachexia, sple-
 nic— s. Phlegmonodea, Splenitis — s. Subinflam-
 matoria chronica, Splenoncus.
   SPLENATROPHTA,  Atroph'ia  Lie'nie, from
 airXijv, ' spleen,' and atrophia, 'atrophy.' Wasting
 or atrophy of the spleen.
   SPLEXAUXE. Splenoncus.
   SPLENECTAMA. Splenoparectama.
   SPLENECTASIS, Splenoparectama.
   SPLENECTOMTA. Splenec'tome, from cirXw,
 'the spleen,' tx, 'out of/ and rt/ivta, 'I cut.'  Ex-
 tirpation of the spleen.
   SPLENECTOPTA, Dieloca'tio lie'nis seu sple-
 nis; from airXtfv,  'the  spleen,'  and txroxos,  'out
 of place.'  Dislocation of  the spleen.  Not a com-
 mon occurrence.
   SPLENEMPHRAXTS, Splenophrax'ia, from
avXnv, 'the spleen," and  eptppaaaia,  'I  obstruct'
 Obstruction of the spleen.—Yogel.  See Splenon-
 cus.
   SPLENES, Hypochondriasis.
   SPLENETTCUS, Sple'nicus, Splenit'icua, Lie-
no'aus, (F.) Ratileux.   That which relates to the  ■.-.
spleen : one labouring under diseased spleen.  A
medicine adapted  for diseases of the spleen.
  SPLENIC, Sple'nictia,  Splc'niua, from e-Xrr*,
' the spleen.'  That which relates to the spleen. 
SPLENICA
810
SPONDYLOPATniA
  Splenic Artery.  It arises from  the cceliac;
aud  passes  from right to  left, forming  many
windings along the upper  edge of the pancreas,
which  lodges it in a special groove.   It reaches
the fissure of the spleen, and divides  into several
branches that enter the organ.  In its course it
furnishes the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, and
the vaaa brevia.
  Splenic Cachexia, see  Cachexia splenica—s.
Corpuscles, see  Spleen.
  Splenic  Plexus is a nervous network, which
prooeeds from the coeliac  plexus, and accompa-
nies  the splenic artery, sending secondary plex-
uses  to each division.
  Splenic A'ein arises from the spleen, and  ac-
companies  the  splenic artery; proceeding from
left to right, to unite with the superior mesenteric
vein, and to form,  with it, the abdominal vena
porta.  In its course, it receives veins correspond-
ing to the vasa brevia, the  right and left gastro-
epiploic, the duodenal, pancreatic, coronaria ven-
triculi, and inferior mesenteric veins.
  SPLENICA, Splenalgia.  Also, medicines which
affect the spleen. — Pereira.
  SPLENICUS, Spleneticus, Splenic.
  SPLENIOLA, Compress.
  SPLENIS TUMOR, Ague cake.
  SPLENISATION, Splenization.
  SPLENISCUS, Compress.
  SPLENITICUS, Splenic
  SPLENI'TIS, from oirXnv,  'the spleen,' and
itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the
spleen.  Empres'ma splenitis, Infiamma'tio lie'nis,
I. splenis, Splenal'gia phlegmono'dea, (F.) Inflam-
mation de la Rate.   A  rare disease, characterized
by local pain, swelling, and heat, which sometimes
terminates  by suppuration. It must be treated
like  other inflammations.
  SPLENIUM, Compress — s. Corporis  Callosi,
see  Corpus callosum — s. Cruciatum, Croix de
Malte.
  SPLE'NIUS, S. Cap'itis, S.  Colli, (F.) Cermco-
dorso-masto'idien et dorso-trachilien, Cervico-mas-
to'idien (Ch.), Posterior mastoid muscle. So called
from its resemblance to the spleen of certain ani-
mals.  A muscle situate at the posterior part of
the neck, and upper part of the back.  It is much
broader above than below, where it terminates in
a point.  It is attached, by its inner edge, to the
spinous processes of the first five dorsal vertebras;
to that of the 7th cervical, and to the inferior part
of the posterior cervical ligament.  By its upper
extremity, it is  attached  to the  transverse pro-
cesses of  the  first  two cervical vertebras, to the
mastoid process, and to the posterior surface of
the  occipital bone.  Some have  considered  this
muscle to be formed of two portions, which they
have called Splenitis colli, and Splenitis cap'itis.
The  splenius extends  the  head, inclines  it,  and
rotates it.  If the splenii of each side act together,
they extend the head.
   SPLENIZA'TION,  Splenizatio, (F.) Splinisa-
tion, from airXijv, 'the spleen.'   A term applied to
the  state of the lung in the first or second stage
of pneumonia in which its tissue resembles that
of the spleen.
   SPLENOCE 'LE, Her'nia liena'lis, from airXnv,
'the spleen,' and *-i7Xi?,  'a tumour.'  Hernia formed
by the spleen.
   SPLENODYNIA, Splenalgia.
   SPLENOGRAPHY,  Splenograph'ia,  from
airXnv. ' the spleen,' and ypatpn, ' a description.'  A
description of the spleen.
   SPLENOHuE'MIA, (F.)  Splinohimie, from
vnXnv, ' the spleen,'  and 'atfia, ' blood.'  Conges-
tion or hyperasmia of the spleen, a common phe-
nomenon in many diseases, especially in typhoid
and intermittent fevers.
  SPLENOID,  SplenoVdes,  Spleno'des,  from
oxXriv, 'spleen,' and titas,''resemblance.'  Spleen-
like.  Having the appearance of the spleen.
  SPLENOL'OGY,  Splenolog'Ha,  from  enrXriv,
' the spleen,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'   A treatise
on the spleen.
  SPLENONCIE, Splenoncus.
  S'PLESOS'CVS,Megctlospte'nia,IIi/pertroph'ia
seu Supcrnutrit"io splenis seu lie'nis, Intiinieacen'-
tia  seu Infarc'tus seu Physco'nia lienis, Splenal'-
gia subinflammato'ria chron'ira, Splenemphrax'is,
Splenaux'e,  Hypersplenotroph'ia,   Lien   ingens,
(F.) Splenoncie,  Hypertrophic  de  la Rate; from
o-irXiji', 'the spleen,' and  oyxos,  'a tumour.'  Tu-
mefaction of  the spleen.   See  Ague cake.
  SPLENOPARECTAMA, Splenec'tama, Sple-
noparec' tasis,  Splenec' tasis,  from  airXnv,  Mho
spleen,' and iraptxrafia, 'excessive volume.'  Ex-
cessive enlargement of the spleen.—Ploucquet.
  SPLENOPARECTASTS, Splenoparectama.
  SPLENOPHRAXIA, Splenemphraxis.
  SPLENORRHAG"IA,frora .rirXi/v, 'the spleen,'
and payn,' rupture.'  Hemorrhage from the spleen.
  SPLENOSCIR'RHUS,from airXvv, 'the spleen,'
and axtppos,' hardness.'  Scirrhus or cancer of the
spleen.
  SPLENOT'OMY, Sptenotom'ia,  Splenot'ome,
from arrXnv, ' the spleen,'  and rtpvia,  ' I  cut.'  Dis-
section  of the spleen.
  SPLINT, Teut, Splinter, from splijten,
'to split;'  Haetel'la, Ass'ula, Asser'culum, Plag'-
ula, Narthex, Fer'ula,  (F.) Attelle, Eclisse.  A
flexible and resisting lamina of wood, used in the
treatment of  fractures, to keep the  fragments  in
apposition,  and  prevent   their   displacement.
Splints  are m&de of iron, wood, bark of trees,
leather, gutta percha, pasteboard, Ac.  They are
generally padded, and are fixed by  a roller or by
tapes, according to circumstances.
  SPLINTER,  (F.) Esquille.   Same  etymon.
This term is sometimes applied to a small portion
of wood, which occasionally enters  the skin, and
gives occasion to much irritation  until it is re-
moved,—Acu'leus lig'neus, (F.) Echarde.
  It is  also  applied to  fragments  that  separate
from a fractured or diseased bone.
  SPLITROCK, Heuchera cortusa.
  SPODIUM GR.ECORUM, Album grascum.
  SPOLIARIUM, Apodyterium.
  SPO'LIATIVE,  Spolwti'ro, from  spolio, 'I
take away.' Phlebotom'ia'spoHati'va, (F.) Saignie
spoliative. Blood-letting,  used for the  purpose
of  diminishing the mass  of blood. .
   SPOLIATORIUM, Apodyterium.
   SPONDYLAL'GIA,  Spondylodynia, from
airovauXos, ' a vertebra,'  and aXyos,  ' pain.' Pain
in the vertebras.  Cacorrhachitis.   See Vertebral
Disease.
   SPONDYLARTHRITIS,  from  airovbvXos,  'a
vertebra,' apdpov, ' a joint,' and itis, denoting in-
flammation.   Gouty or  rheumatic  inflammation
of  the spinal column.
   SPONDYLARTHROCACE, Vertebral disease.
   SPONDYLI, Vertebras.
   SPONDYLIS, Coccyx.
   SPONDYLI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ver'tebra, from
 airovSvXos,  and itis,  denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation of the vertebrae.
   SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx, Heracleum  spondy-
lium.
   SPONDYLOCACE, Vertebral  disease.
   SPONDYLODYNIA,  Spondylalgia.
   SPONDYLOPATHI'A, from oirovtvXos, 'a ver-
 tebra,'  and iraBos, ' a disease.'  A disease of tho
 vertebral column. 
SPONDYLOPYOSIS
811
SPUTUM
  SPONDYLOPYOSIS, Vertebral disease.
  SPOND'VLUS, airovSvXos.   A  vertebra; and,
especially, the two large cervical vertebras.  Also,
the vertex.
  SI'ONGE, BASTARD, Alcyonium.
  Sl'ONGI.   The tumefied glands of the neck.
  SPON'CIA, Spongos, Sphongus, Spongia offi-
cinti'lis, Spon'gia Mari'na, Sponge, (F.) Eponge.
An organized  marine substance, of the great class
of Zoophytes, met with in  many seas, but  espe-
cially in the Mediterranean and Arabian.  It is
supple, elastic, porous, and capable of absorbing
fluids in which it may be placed,  and of thus in-
creasing in size.  It is employed in  surgery, for
cleansing or  washing; for absorbing  acrid dis-
charges  from ulcers; suppressing  hemorrhage
when the mouth of the vessel can be compressed
by it, and for forming tents for dilating wounds;
in which case, the sponge is immersed in melting
wax, and cooled before being used.   It is then
called Prepared Sponge or Sponge Tent.
   Spongia Assa, S. Usta—s.  Cynosbati, Bedegar.
   Spongia Usta, S. Aesa,  Carbo epon'gia,  Burnt
 Sponge, contains carbonate and phosphate of lime,
 carbonate  of soda, charcoal, and iodine.   It is
 used in bronchocele, scrofulous affections, and
 herpetic eruptions; and its good effects  seem to
 be dependent upon iodine.  It is made by cutting
 sponge into  pieces, and heating it, that any ex-
 traneous matter may  be separated; burning it in
 a close  iron  vessel until it  becomes  black and
 friable,  and,  lastly,  rubbing it  into  very fine
 powder. — Ph. U. S.
   SPON'GI^E LAPIS.  A name given  to small
 friable stones found in sponge.   They were for-
 merly esteemed lithontriptic
   SPONGIODES, Spongoid.
   SPONGIOLE, Spongiolum : from airoyytov, 'a
 small sponge.' The soft succulent extremity of the
 fibrils or true roots of a plant, by which it absorbs
 or sucks up fluid.  Similar spongioles have been
 supposed to  exist at the  terminations of the
 absorbents in animals.
   SPON'GION.   Ancient name of an  epithem
 made  of goats'   dung: and  also of a malagma,
 which was considered capable of absorbing the
 serum in dropsies, like a sponge. — Paulus, Gor-
 rasus.
   SPONGIOSUM (OS), Ethmoid bone.
   SPONGIOSUM, Spongoid.
   SPONGOID,  Spongoiiles,  Spongio'dee,  Spon-
 gio'eue, from  oiroyyta, ' sponge,' and ttoos, ' resem-
 blance.'  Resembling sponge.  Of the nature of
 sponge.
   Spongoid Inflammation,  Hasmatodes fungus.
   Spongoid Tissue, (F.)  Tiaau apongoide.  An
 adventitious  spongy tissue,  found  in cases  of
 rickets. — Guerin.
   SPONGOS, Tonsil.
   SPONSA  SOLIS, Calendula officinalis.
   SPONTANEOUS, Sponta'netis, from spoiire,
 'voluntarily.'  That  which  occurs  of itself, or
 without any  manifest external  cause.   Evacua-
 tions are termed epontaneoue, which  are  not pro-
 duced  by  medicine.   Sponta'neons  laa'aitude  is
 that which is not the result of fatigue.   Diseases
 are also epontaneoue which  supervene without
 apparent cause.  Sponta'neoua Amputa'tion is the
 separation of a limb from the foetus in utero.
   Spontaneous  Evolution, see Evolution — s.
 A'ersion, Evolution, spontaneous.
   SPONTEPARITE", Generation,  spontaneous.
   SPOOXWOOD, Kalmia latifolia, Tilia.
   SPOli AD'IC, Spor'ades, Sporad'ici, Morbi die-
 prr'si, Morbi aparei, from  orrttptu, 'to spread.'
 Diseases are so  called which supervene indiffer-
 ently  in every season and  situation, from acci-
dental causes, and independently of any epidemic
or contagious influence.
  SPORE, Spor'nle,  Sporum, Spor'ulum, from
airtipta, ' I sow.'  The reproductive body in cryp-
togamous plants, which is analogous to the seed
of phanerogamous plants.
  SPORIDTUM;  same etymon.  The reproduc-
tive  body in  algaceous  plants, which resembles
the spore of other plants.
  SPORULE, Spore.
  SPORUM,  Spore.
  SPOTS, GERMINAL, see Molecule.
  Spots,  Red, (F.) Tuchee rougee, Roae spots.
Small red spots which  appear in typhoid fever,
from the 8th to the 15th day of the disease. They
are most frequently seen on the lower and middle
portions of the chest, and upper part  of the ab-
domen.
   Spots, Rose, Spots, red.
   SPRAIN, corrupted from strain : — Subluxa'-
tio, Distor'tio, Dias'trophe, Diastrem'ma,  Luxa'-
tio impcrfec'ta, Exarthre'ma, Exarthro'sis, Strem-
ma,  Thlasma  Stremma ; a wrench,  (F.) Detorse,
Entoree, Foulure. A violent straining or twisting
of the soft parts surrounding the joints.  Accor-
ding to the degree of the sprain, the fibrous parts
of the joint  may  be  simply  stretched, or they
may be ruptured.  This affection, which has been
regarded as incomplete luxation, occurs, particu-
larly, in the ginglymoid joints ; — as in the foot,
wrist, knee, Ac  The violence causes an afflux
of blood; the serum of the blood is poured out,
and  often the blood itself, owing  to the  rupture
of vessels ; and inflammation  arises, which ends
in resolution or induration.  Local, antiphlogistic
applications are required, with perfect rest; and,
when the inflammatory action has subsided, cold
pumping and friction, with the application of a
plaster and bandage,  will afford support  till the
parts affected recover their due tone.
   SPRAT, YELLOW-BILLED, Clupea thryssa.
   SPRUCE BEER, White Spruce Beer.  A beer
made as follows: To 10 gallons of water, add 6
pounds of augar, and 4 oz. of essence of spruce.
Add yeast, and bottle, when ready.  It is grate-
ful and antiscorbutic.
   Spruce Beer Powders may  be formed of
white augar, £j, and ^ij ;  aoda aubcarb., gr. xxvj;
eeeence of epruce, gr.  x, in each blue paper; and
acid of tartar, ^ss in each white paper. For half
a pint of water.
   SPUITIO, Exspuition.
   SPUMA  ARGENTI,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-
vitreum—s. Cerevisia?, A'est—s. Trium draconum,
Antimonium muriatum.
   SPUME UN, Frothy.
   SPUMOSUS, Frothy.
   SPUNK, Boletus igniarius.
   SPUR,  Sax. ppup, (F.) Eperon  dee  Arteres.
 The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or
trunk.
   Spur, Ergot.
   SPURGE,  CAPER, Euphorbia lathyris — s.
 Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissias—s. Flax,  Daphne
 gnidium — s. Flowering,  large, Euphorbia corol-
 lata—s. Garden, Euphorbia lathyris—s. Greater,
 Euphorbia palustris—s. Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia
 ipecacuanha — s.  Laurel,  Daphne  laureola — s.
 Marsh, Euphorbia  palustris — s.  Olive, Cneorum
 trieoccum—s. Olive,  Daphne mezereum — s. Sea,
 Euphorbia paralias.
   SPUTA, PRUNE JUICE,  see Prune Juice.
   SPUTAMEN. Saliva. Sputum.
   SPUTAMENTUM. Saliva, Sputum.
   SPUTATIO. Exspuition.
   SPUTATION. Exspuition.
   SPUTUM, Plural, Sputa, Apochrem'ma,Chrem-
 ma, Emptys'ma, Sputa'men, Pty'elon, Pytis'ma, 
SQUALLING                812             STAPIIISAIGRE
Spit, from spuere, sputum, 'to spit.' (F.) Orachat.
The secretions ejected from the mouth in the act
of spitting.   It is composed of saliva, and of the
mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the
nasal fossas and fauces, and often by the mem-
brane of the larynx and bronchia.   The  sputa
are, sometimes, called eruginous, when of a green-
ish-yellow colour;  gummy, when they resemble
a thick solution of gam; frothy, (F.) mousseux,
when covered with froth ; rubiginous, (F.) rubi-
gineux ou rouillis, when of a reddish-yellow; and
streaked, (F.) striis, when mixed with lines of
blood.  Also, saliva.
  Sputum  Cruentum,  Hasmoptysis — s. Dulce,
 Saccharorrhosa pulmonalis—s. Oris, Salivation—
 s. Saccharatum, Saccharorrhosa pulmonalis — s.
 Sanguinis,  Hasmoptysis.
  SQUALLING, Vagitus.
  SQUAMA, Scale, Table.
  SQUAMA, Scaly diseases.
  SQUAMARIA, Plumbago Europasa.
  SQUAMEUN, Squamous.
  SQUAMIFORMIS, Squamous.
   SQUAMOUS, Squamo'sus,  Lepiddi'dea, Lepi-
 do'dea, Squomifor'm-ia,  Scaly; from equama,  'a
 scale.' That which relates to or resembles a scale.
   Squamous Portion of the temporal bone, (F.)
 Portion equameuee ou icailleuee du Temporal, is
 the upper part of the temporal,  so called from a
 fancied resemblance to a scale.
   Squamous Suture, Sutu'ra equamo'ea, S. men-
 do'ea seu lepidoei'dee seu lepido'dee, Sutu'ra cra'-
 nii equamo'ea, (F.) Suture equameuee ou  icail-
 leuee.  The  suture which  unites the squamous
 portion of the temporal bone to the parietal.
   Certain  ecaly  cutaneous  affections  are  also
 called aquamoue,  (F.) st/uameux.  See Scale.
    SQUARE STALK, Monarda coccinea.
    SQUAAV-MINT, Hedeoma.
    SQUAAV-ROOT, Actasa  racemosa, Caulophyl-
 lum thalictro'ides.
    SQUAW-AVEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
    SQUEAMISHNESS, Fastidium cibi.
    SQUEAZINESS, Nausea.
    SQUELETTE, Skeleton.
    SQUELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology.
    SQUILL, Scilla—s. Vinegar  of, Acetum scillas.
    SQUILLA, Scilla.
    SQUINANCIE, Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil-
  aris.
    SQUINANCY.COMMON, Cynanche tonsillaris
    SQUINANTHIA, Cynanche.
    SQUINANTHUS, Juncus odoratus.
    SQ UINE, Smilax China.
    SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris.
    SQUINT-EYED, see Strabismus.
    SQUINTER, see Strabismus.
    SQUINTING, Strabismus.
    SQUIRRE, Scirrhus.
    SQUIRREL CORN, Dicentra Canadensis.
     SQUIRROCASTRIE, Scirrhogastria.
     SQUIRRUS, Scirrhus.
     SQUIRT, Syringe.
     STACHELBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
  Stachelberg Springs are far down  in the valley
  of  the Linth,  in Switzerland.  The waters are
  sulphureous, and are much visited by gouty and
  rheumatic invalids.
     STACHYS F03TIDA, Galeopsis.
     STACTE, Mvrrha.
     STADE, Stage.
     STADIUM, Period, Stage.
     Sta'dium Acmes seu Sta'seos.  The period of
  the height of a disease.
     Sta'dium Annihilatio'nis seu Convalescen'-
  tia  seu  Reconvalescentia.  The period of
  recovery from disease.
     Stadium Augmen'ti seu  Incremen'ti Morbi.
   The period or stage of increase of a disease.
  Stadium Caloris, Stage, (hot) — s. Convales-
centias, S. annihilationis.
  Stadium  Decremln'ti.  The period  or  stage
of decrease of a disease.
  Stadium  Frigoris,  Stage, (cold) —s. Incre-
ment! Morbi, S. Augmenti morbi—s. Latentis Con-
tagii, Prodromus — s. Opportunitatis, Prodromus
—°s. Prodromorum, Prodromus — s. Reconvales-
centia?, S. Annihilationis.
  STAFF, (D.) Staf.  An instrument  of great
importance in lithotomy,—being the director for
the gorget or knife.  It is made of steel; and the
handle is flat and rough, in order that it may be
more securely held.  The groove is on its convex
surface.
  STAFF TREE, CLIMBING,  Celastrus scan-
dens.
  STAFFA, Stapes.
  STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervus.   ^
  STAGE, Sta'dium, (F.) Eetage,  Etage,  Stade.
The period or degree of a disease ; especially tho
period of an intermittent: — as the cold stage, —
eta'dium fri'goria—hot stage, Ac.
   STAGGERWEED, Delphinium.
   STA'GIUM.  The sixth part of an ounce.
   STAGMA, from crania,  'I distil;' Stalag'ma.
 Any distilled liquid or liquor.
   Stagma, Gutta.
   STAGNA'TION, Stagna'tio, from   etagnare,
 ' to form a pond.' Accumulation and retardation
 of  fluids in any part of the body.
   STAGNUM CHYLI, Receptaculum  chyli.
   STAHLIAN.  One who follows the doctrine
 of Stahl.                            „ „  ,,
    STAHLTANISM.   The  doctrine  of Stahl,
 which  considered every vital action  under the
 direction and presidency of the soul. See Animist.
    ST AL AG MA,  Stagma.
    STALAGMI'TIS CAMBOGIOI'DES, S. Cam-
  bo'gia. Gamboge was long ascribed to this fancied
  Ceylonese plant. It is now known, that the name
  was given by Murray to specimens of two distinct
  trees of different genera.  See Cambogia.
    STALAGMOS, Distillation.
    STALTICUS, Incarnans.
    STAMMERING, Balbuties—s. of the Fingers,
  Cramp, writers'.
    STAMPING MILL, see Pulverization.
    STANGOS, Tin.
    STANNI MURIAS, Tin, muriate of—s. Oxy-
  duli murias, Tin, muriate of—s. Pulvis, see Tin.
    STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil.
    STANNUM, Tin — s. Cinereum, Bismuth—s.
  Foliatum,  Tinfoil—s. Glaciale,  Bismuth—s. Gra-
  nulatum, see Tin —s. Indicum, Zincum.
    STAPEDIEN, Stapedius.
    STAPE'DIUS,  Stapee, (F.) Stapedial, Pyra-
  midal-etapidien.  A muscle of the middle ear,
  which draws the stapes obliquely upwards.
    STAPES,  Stapha,  Staffa,  'a stirrup.'  (F.)
  Etrier.  The innermost of the  small bones of the
  ear, so called because it resembles a  stirrup.  It
  is situate horizontally in the cavity of the tympa-
  num.  Its  head, whieh is directed outwards, is
  articulated with the os orbiculare.  Its base faces
  inwards, and is applied  to the fenestra  ovalis,
  which it closes  imperfectly, and to the membrane
  of which it is united.  Its branchea are one ante-
  rior, and the other poaterior.  They are curved ;
  and the space between them is  parabolic.   Sur-
  geons have given the name Stapes to a bandago
   used in bleeding from the foot; which forms a
   figure of 8 around the ankles.
     STAPHA, Stapes.
     STAPHIS, Delphinium staphisagria.
     STAPHISAGRIA, Delphinium staphisagria.
     STAPHISAIGRE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
            STAPHYL.EAIATOMA

  STAPHYL.EMATO'MA,  from  aratpvXn, 'the
uvula,' and  hamatomo.  A tumour formed by ef-
fusion  of blood  beneath the mucous membrane
of the uvula.
  STAPIIYLAGRA, Staphylepartes.
  STAPIIYLE,  Uvula,  see Vitis vinifera.
  STAPIIYLEPAR'TES,  from  oratpvXn,  'the
uvula,' and  tiratpta, 'I lift up.' Staph'ylagra.  An
instrument for laying hold of, and removing  the
uvula.— Paulus.
  STAPIIA'LINI, see Azygos muscle — s. Medii,
see Azygos  muscle.
  STAPIIYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pha-
ryngeus.
  STAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circumflexus.
  STAPHYLIS, Nipple.
  STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis.
  STAPIIArLIUM,  Nipple.
  STAPHYLODIALYSIS,   Cionis,  Staphylce-
dema.
  STAPHYLOjIDE'MA, Angi'na uvula'ris, Dye-
pha'gia nrulo'so, Hypoetaph'yle, Hypostaphyli'tie,
Staphylodial'yaia, Prolapaua seu Propto'aia u'vula,
Caaua  u'rula, Himae, Himanto'mo, Himanto'ei8,
Staphylon'cue, Staphylon'cia, QZdc'ma u'vula,Pro-
duc'tio uvula d  pitui'td, U'rula decid'ua seu re-
loxa'ta, Craa'pedon. Relaxation  and tumefaction
of the uvula, which, either from inflammation or
infiltration,  hangs down so as to  occasion difficult
deglutition,  cough,  Ac.  Scarification, astringent
gargles, and, if necessary, excision, constitute the
treatment.
  STAPIIYLO'MA,  from  oratpvXr,,  'a grape.'
Uva'tio,  Myoceph'alon, My'ioceph'alum, Parop'eis
Staphylo'ma, Staphylo'aia, Polygro'ma.  A  name
given to  different tumours of the anterior surface
of the globe of the eye.
  Staphyloma Conicitm, Staphyloma of the cor-
nea—s. Pellucidum  conicum, Staphyloma of  the
cornea.
  Staphyloma of the  Cornea, Sugar-loaf Cor-
nea, Con'ical Cornea, Con'ical hydrophthal'mia,
Staphylo'ma con'icum,  S. pcllu'cidum con'icum,
Conophthal'mia,  Prolap'aua cor'nca,  Ceraton'cue,
Hypercerato'eie,   Hypercer'aeia,  is an unequal,
embossed, bluish or  whitish, round or conical
tumour ; of variable size ; formed by the projec-
tion of the  transparent cornea, which is  some-
times extenuated and distended, at others thick-
ened.
  Staphyloma  of  the Iris is  the disease  de-
scribed by  Scarpa  under the name Procidentia
Iridis.  It is hernia of  the iris, through an acci-
dental opening of the cornea.  Also, iridauxesis.
  Staphyloma  of  the Sclerot'ic  differs from
the last, in the prominence existing on a part of
the eye covered by the  sclerotic, which is much
thinner.
  Staphyloma Uvea, Iridauxesis.
  STAPHYLONCIA, Staphyloedema.
  STAPIIYLONCUS, Staphyloedema.
  STAPHYLOPLAS ' TIC,   Staphyloplae'ticua,
from criiiprXri, 'the uvula,' and irXacota, 'I form.'
An epithet applied to the operation for replacing
the sofr palate, when it  has been lost.
  STAPIIYLOR'RAPHY,  Veloeynth'eeie,  Sta-
phylorrha'phia,  Kionorrha'phia, Cionorrhaph'ia,
Uranor'rhiiphe,  Uranorrha'phia, Uraniscorrha'-
phia, Uraniscor'rhaphe, from aratpvXt),  'the uvu-
la,' and pa<pv, 'a suture.'  The operation for uni-
ting a cleft palate. It consists in  paring the edges
of the cleft; passing ligatures through them, and
bringing them together.
  STAPHYLOSIS, Staphyloma.
3                STATURE

  STAPHYLOT'OMY, Staphylotom'ia, from ara-
tpyXn, 'the uvula,' and to/it?, 'incision.'  Amputa-
tion of the uvula.
  STAR-APPLE, BROAD-LEAVED,  Chryso-
phyllum cainito—s. Blazing, Aletris farinosa—s.
Bloom,  Spigelia Marilandica — s.  Grass, Aletris
farinosa, Hypoxys erecta — s. Knap-weed, Cen-
taurea  calcitrappa — s. Stroke, Coup-de-eoleil
— s. AVort,  Aletris farinosa—s. Wort, golden,
Bubonium.
  STARBECK  SPA.   A chalybeate spring  at
Harrogate.
  STARCH, Amylum —s. Blue, Smalt.
  Starch,  Iodide  of,  Iod'idum seu Iodure'tum
Am'yli, Am'ylum ioda'tum, (F.) lodure d'Amidon;
prepared by triturating iodine and starch,  is said
to have the  eutrophic effects of iodine; but, by
some,  is  esteemed  inert.  Dose,  four  to six
grains.
  Starch,  Potato, see Solanum tuberosum — s.
Sugar, Glucose.
  STARKEY'S PILLS, see Pilulas ex helleboro
et myrrha.
  STASE, Stasis.
  STASIS, araais, from araia, 'I stop,' (F.) Stase.
This word  has nearly the same signification  as
stagnation.   Stagnation, however, sometimes in-
cludes a morbid condition of the fluids, — Stasia
never.
  Stasis, Station.
  STATIC.  An epithet applied to the physical
phenomena  presented  by organized bodies  in
contradistinction to the organic or vital.
  STATTCA SEPTI NA'RIUM,  Appen'dix cu-
ta'nea eepti na'rium.  The cutaneous appendage
to the septum narium.
  STATTCE CAROLINIA'NA  of the United
States, A?7ier'ica?i Thrift,Marah Roae'mary,Mareh
Root, Seaside Thrift,  Inkroot, Sea Lavender,  is
considered to be a mere variety of the statice li-
monium.
  Stat'ice Limo'nium, S. Marit'imum, Behen ru-
brum, Li mo'nium, L.majus seu vulga're,Behen, Sea
Lav'ender,  Red Behen, Behmen Ackmar,  Marsh
Rosemary,  Lavender  Thrift, (F.) Behen  rouge.
Family, Plumbagineas.  Sex.   Syst.  Pentandria
Pentagynia. _ The roots  have been esteemed as-
tringent, tonic, and eminently antiseptic
  Statice Maritimum, S. limonium—s. Vulgare,
S. limonium.
  STA'TION, Sta'tlo, Stasis, Status, from etare,
'to stand.'   The act of standing.
  STA'TIONARY, Stationa'ritta, from atare, <  to
stand.'  A  name  given by Sydenham and Stoll
to certain diseases, which depend upon a particu-
lar state of the atmosphere; and which prevail
in a district for a certain number of years, and
then give way to others.
  STATIS'TICS,  MEDICAL,   Vital Statietica,
Bioetat'ice, (F.) Statietique midicale.  That part
of medicine which relates to details — medico-eto-
tietical— connected with the mortality, salubrity
Ac, of different countries and situations.
  It has, also, been used in a wider sense  to sig-
nify the same as ATumerical method, (F.)MtQuale,
numirique; which is applied to the systemization
of medical facts, or to the use of numbers  in the
investigation of disease.
  Statistics, A'ital, Statistics, medical.
  STATURE,  Statn'ra, Meg'ethoa,  Mognitu'do
cor'poria, from ato, atatum, < I stand.'  The height
of the human figure. The following table exhibits
the  results of several  admeasurements, with the
heights of  some of the monkey species, on tbo
authority of Mr. Lawrence.
81 
STATUS
814
STEREOTTCA
:}•
10J
                                   STATURE.
                                   Feet.  In.
                                    (6    4i
An Englishman,..............................I    to
                                    (5   00
                                    ?5    4
An Englishwoman,..........................■<    to
                                    (5   00
European male skeleton,..................  5    8
         Do.            ..................  5    5
A  Negro at the Lunatic Hospital, Liver-
    pool,...............................
Another from ATirginia......................  5    5£
Another from the Gold Coast,............  5    8
Another,.......................................  5   00
Negro skeleton,..............................  4   11
Another,.......................................  5    7£
A  Lascar,......................................  5    4
Arenus de Medici,...........................  5   00
Tyson's Chimpans€(.S7miaTroglodytee)  2    2
Mr. Abel's  Orang Otang,..................  2    7
Camper's      Do.      .............. less than 30
Mr. AVhite's Monkey,.......................  2    2

   STATUS, Acme — s.  Cruditatis, Crudity — s.
Erethiticus, Nervous diathesis—s. Gastricus, l??ii-
barras gastriqae—s. Nervosus, Nervous diathesis
— s. Sthenicus, Sthenia—s. Verminosus, Hel-
minthiasis.
   STAA'ESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria,
   STAXIS, Apostax'is.   A  slight epistaxis or
nasal hemorrhage. —Hippocrates.
   STEAAI-DOCTOR.  A term applied  to one
who treats  all or most diseases by  steam.
   STEAR, Pinguedo, Sevum.
   STEARIN,  see Pinguedo.
   STEARINUM CETACEUM, Cetaceum.
   STEARRHOH'A, Steatorrhce'a, Seborrhoe'a,
Seborrhag"ia,  Smegmatorrhce'a,  Smegmorrhoe'a,
Seba'ceous  Flux, from areap,  ' suet,' and ptta, ' I
flow.'  Augmentation of secretion  from the seba-
ceous follicles  of the skin.
   STEATITES, Polysarcia.
   STEATOCE'LE", from areap, 'suet,' and xnXv,
'a tumour.' A tumour formed by a collection of
steatomatous matter in the scrotum.
   STEATO'MA,   Tumor  lar'deue, from  areap,
' suet.'  Seva'tio, Steato'ais, Emphy'ma encys'tia
steatoma.  An  encysted tumour, whose contents
are similar to fat.
   STEATOP'YGA, from  orcap, 'fat,' and irvyr,,
' buttocks.'  Buttock-hump.   Fat buttocks; such
as exist in  the Hottentot females.
   STEATORRHEA, Stearrhoea,
   STEATO'SIS, Steatoma.
   Steato'sis Cordis,Degcnera'tio adipo'sa cordis,
 Cardiethmolipo'sis  and  Cardiomyolipo'sis (Pior-
ry), Fatty  heart.  Unusual  deposition of fat on
the heart:—by some presumed to  be occasionally
a  true adipous degeneration of the substance of
the heart,  which is probably incorrect.
   STEATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus
Folliculorum.
   STEEL, Chalvbs.
   STEEPLE-BUSH. Spirasa tomentosa.
   STEER'S OPODELDOCH, see Opodeldoch,
 Staer's.
   STEGANOP'ODES,  artyavoiroSts, Planip'edes.
 They who  have flat feet, or are web-footed, from
 artyavo;, ' covered,' and irony, ' foot.'
   STEGNO'SIS, Steno'sis, Constipa'tio, Stipa'tio,
 Condensa'tio,  Obetruc'tio, from arcyvota, ' I con-
 Strict.'   Constriction or narrowness of the pores
 and vessels. Stricture.  Constipation. Suppression
 of the evacuations.  See Arctatio.
   STEGNOTICA,  Astringents.
   STEIROSIS, Sterilitas.
  STELEXGTS. Stridor dentium.
  STELLA. Faa'cia stella'to, (F.) Etoile. A ban-
dage, improperly compared to a star, because it
is crossed like the letter X.  This bandage is ap-
plied upon  one or both  shoulders.  In the first
case, it is called  simple;  in the second, double.
It was  employed in cases of fractures of the ster-
num, clavicle, and scapula;  in  luxations of  the
humerus, Ac.
  Stella Terra, Plantago coronopus.
  STELLARIA MEDIA, Alsine media—s. Scil-
la, Scilla.
  STELLATA  RUPINA,  Centaurea calcitrapa.
  STELOCHITIS, Osteocolla.
  STENAGMUS, Suspirium.
  STENAXIS, Suspirium.
  STENIA. Sthenia.
  STENICUS,  Active.
  STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium.
  STENOCARDIA, Angina pectoris, Cardioste-
nosis.
  STENOCHO'RIA, Stenochori'asis.   Angustia.
Employed by some for contraction of the vagina.
  Stenochoria Intestini Recti, Stricture of the
rectum — s.  Oesophagi, Dysphagia constricta.
  STENOMYCTE'RIA, from  orcvos,  'narrow,'
and  fivxrrip,  'nose.'   Contraction  of  the  nasal
passages.
  STENOSIS, Stegnosis.
  STENOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis.
  STENOSTENO'SIS, Stenoategno'aia, from Ste-
no, and ertvtaots, ' contraction.'   Obatruc'tio duc-
tua Steiionio'no.  Narrowness or  contraction  of
the duct of Steno.
  STENOSTOMTA, from crtvos,  'narrow,' and
aropa, 'mouth.'  Contraction of the mouth.
  STENOTHORA'CES, from  artvos,  'narrow,'
and 3tapa%,  ' the chest.'  They who have narrow
chests.
  STENTOROPHO'NUS, from Vrtvriap, Stentor,
a  Greek in the  army before Troy;  and tpiavij,
'voice.'  One who has a strong  voice.
   STEPHANE, Crown.
   STEPHENS, MRS.,  REMEDY FOR  THE
STONE.  This consisted  of lime, prepared  by
calcining the shells of eggs and  snails, made into
pills with soap.  A decoction was, also, adminis-
tered,  consisting  of chamomile, fennel,  parsley,
and  burdock, with a. portion of Alicant soap.  Its
virtues were dependent upon the  lime  and  the
tonic properties of the decoction. Hales, Hartley,
Kirkpatriek, Lobb, and others, wrote  in favour
of this nostrum ; and it was ultimately bought by
the British parliament for  £5000.
   STERA,  Uterus.
   STERCORA'CEOUS,  Stercora'riue,  Diacho-
ret'icue, Ster'coral, from etercue, 'dung.'  Fecal,
Facal, (F.) Stercoraire, Stercoral.
   The French  use the term Fistules stercoraires
for those which are kept up by  the constant pas-
sage of fecal or stercora'ceoue matter.   The name
 Stercoraires is sometimes given, in derision, to
those  physicians who are fond of purging their
patients : d posteriori has been similarly used.
   STERCORAIRE,  Stercoraceous.
   STERCUS,  Excrement,  Fimus — s. Anseris,
 Fimus anseris—s. Caninum album, Album Gras-
 cum—s. Diaboli, Asafcetida—s.  Equi non castrati,
 Fimus.
   Stercus  Huma'num, Homerda.  Human  ex-
 crement.
   Stercus Lacerta, Crocodilia.
   STEREOCYSTTS,  from  artptos, 'hard,*  and
 xvans, ' evst.'  A hard steatoma,
   STEREOS, Solid.
   STEREOT'ICA, from artptos, 'hard.'  Fortui- 
STERILE                 815              STETHOMETER
 tons  lesions  or deformities  affecting the  hard
 P"-rt3-  The 2d order, class Tychioi of Good.
   SI'ER'ILE, Ster'itis, A'gonos, Aph'orus, Aph-
 or'ieua, Ablaat'ea, Infecun'due, (F.) Stirile.  Same
 etymon as Sterilitas. Not producing fruit: infecund.
   STERILLS, Sterile.
   STERIL'ITAS,  Agon'ia,  Steiro'eis,  Stiro'sis,
 Agenne'aia,  Agenne'eie, Infecun'ditae, Steril'ity,
 Acye'eie,  Bar'renneee,  Infecun'dity,  Apho'ria,
 Atec'nio,  Atoc'ia, from areppos, or artptos, 'hard,
 barren.'  Quality of that  which is barren.  Ste-
 rility may be  abeolute or relative.   The  former
 depends upon some vicious conformation of the
 genital organs, apparent or concealed, and occa-
 sionally admits of cure.  Sterility is relative when
 a female does not conceive with one  individual,
 but does  with  another.   Sterility in females is
 often dependent upon a condition of the uterus
 characterized by membranous menstruation.
   STERN AD, see  Sternal.
   STERNAL,  Stema'lie,  from eternum,  'the
 breast bone.'  Relating or appertaining  to  the
 sternum or breast bone.
   Sternal  Aspect.  The aspect of the body
 where the sternum is situate.—Barclay.  Sternad
 is used by the same writer adverbially to  signify
 towards the sternal aspeet.
   STERNALGIA, Angina pectoris.
   STERNOCLAVICULAR, Sterno-clavicula'-
 ris. That which relates to the sternum and clavicle.
   Ster.no-clavic'ular  Articula'tion  is  the
 union of the inner extremity of the clavicle with
 a round facette at each side of  the  superior ex-
 tremity of the  sternum.   In  this  articulation
 there are, besides the incrusting cartilages, two
 radiated  sterito-clavicular, (F.)  Sterno-claricu-
 laires rayonnies ; one  anterior, and 07ie posterior
 —an  inter-clavicular ligament, extending between
 the two clavicles, and two  synovial  capsules, se-
 parated by an inter-articular fibro-cartilage.  The
 costo-clavicular ligament may also be considered
 to belong to this articulation.
   STERNO-CLA VIO-MASTOIDIEN, Sterno-
 cleido-mastoideus — s.  Cleido-hyoideus, Sterno-
 hyoideus.
  " STERNO-CLEIDO BRACHIALIS, Pectoralis
 major.
   STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS,   Sterno-
 maatoideue,  Cteido-masto'ideus, Maatoideue, Mae-
 tnideue  anterior, Nuta'tor cap'itie; (F.) Sterno-
 clavio-maeto'idien, Sterno-maeto'idien ;  from arep-
 vov, ' the sternum,' xXus, ' the clavicle,' and ptaa-
 ros, ' the mastoid process.'   A muscle situate at
 the anterior and  lateral part of  the  neck.  It is
long  and  flattened: simple, above: and divided
 into two portions below; where it is inaerted  into
 the anterior and superior part of the sternum,
 and the inner quarter of the clavicle.  Above, it
 terminates at the mastoid  process, which  it  em-
 braces, at the neighbouring part  of the temporal
 bone, and at the outer third of the upper curved
 line of  the occipital bone.   It carries the head
 forward;  inclines,  and rotates  it to one side.
 When both contract, they bend the head directly
forwards.
   STERNO-COSTAL, Triangularis  sterni —e.
 Coato-clario-humiral, Pectoralis major—s. Dynia,
see Somatodynia—a. Humiral, Pectoralis major.
   STERNO-HYOIDEUS,  Stemo-cleido-hyoide-
ue, Stemo-hyo'idee, Hyoides primus ; from artpvov,
'the sternum,' and 'voctSns, 'the  os hyoides.'  A
muscle situate at the anterior part of the  neck ;
inserted, above, at the inferior edge of the body
of the hyoid bone;  below, into  the upper part
of the posterior surface of  the sternum;—at the
posterior part of the sterno-clavicular articula-
tion, and sometimes into the cartilage  of the first
rib.  It depresses the os hyoides.
   STERNO - MAST01DIEN,  Sterno - cleido -
 mastoideus—s. Pubien, Rectus abdominis
   STERNO-THYROLDEUS, Sterno -thyroidee,
 Bron'chi'ua.   A muscle,  situate  at the  anterior
 partjif the  neck.   It is attached, above, *o the
 oblique line seen on the outer surface of tte thy-
 roid cartilage; and terminates, below, at the up-
 per part of the posterior surface of the sternum,
 and the  cartilage of the second  rib.  AVhen it
 contracts, it depresses the  thyroid cartilage  and
 os hyoides,  by the medium of  the  thyro-hyoid
 membrane.
   STERNODYNIA   SYNCOPALIS, Angina
 pectoris—s. Syncoptica et Palpitans, Angina pec-
 toris.
   STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somato-
 dymia.
   STERNUM,  Sternon, from  crtppos,  ' solid;'
 Pectus, Oe aaaer  seu pec'torie seu  xiphoidee seu
 (jlodi'oH  seu eneifor'me, Scutum  cordie,  Breaet
 Bone, Hamal Spine of Owen.  An azygous sym-
 metrical bone, situate at the fore-part of the chest.
 It is flat;  broad above ;  narrower in the  middle;
 and terminates, below, by a  pointed  cartilage—
 the xiphoid.  It has an anterior or cutaneoue eur-
 face, & posterior or mediastinal — a euperior or
 clavicular extremity, and an inferior or  abdomi-
 nal.  It is articulated with  the clavicles  and the
 seven  upper ribs on each side, by means  of their
 cartilages.  According to Beclard, it  is formed
 of six principal  bones,  which  he names, from
 their position, 1. Primi-sternal or clavi-sternal :
 2.  Duo-eternal:  3. Tri-sternal:  4.  Quarti-eter-*
 nal:  5. Quinti-eternal: 6. Ultimi-sternal or e7is7-
 sremnr^.
   STERNUMENTUM,  Sneezing.
   STERNUTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptarmica.
   STERNUTAMENTUM,  Sneezing.
   STERNUTATIO, Sneezing.
   STERN UT A TO IRE, Sternutatory.
   STER'N UTATORY, Stemutato'riue, from ster-
 nutare, ' to sneeze.'  Sternutamen'tum, Errhi'num,
 Ptar'micum, Anarrhi'num, (F.) Sternutatoire.   A
 substance which provokes sneezing;  as tobacco,
 Ac.— See Errhine.
   STERTEUR,  Stertor.
   STERTOR, Rbnchus  or  Rhonchus, Renchne,
 Rhencue, (F.) Sterteur, Ronfiement, from stertere,
 | to snore.'  The deep snoring which accompanies
 inspiration in some  diseases, particularly in apo-
 plexy.  Such respiration is said to be ster'torous;
 Respira'tio stertuo'sa seu etertene seu etertoro'ea.
   STERTOROUS, see Stertor.
   STETHvE'MIA, Hypera'mia  Pulmo'num seu
 Pec'toria, Congea'tio Pulmonum seu Pectoria, (F.)
 Hyperimie dee Poumone, Congeetion dee Poumona.
 Hyperasmia of the lungs.   Congestion or accu
 mulation of blood in the pulmonary vessels
   STETHOCATHARSIS, Expectoration.
   STETHOCHYSIS, Hydrothorax.
   STETHODESMIS, Corset.
   STETHODESMIUM,  Corset.
   STETHODESMUS, Corset.
   STETHOM'ETER,  from   orndos, 'the  chest.'
 and fitrpov, ' measure.'  An instrument, proposed
 by Mr. Richard Quain, for measuring the extent
 of movement of the walls of the chest, as a means
 of diagnosis in thoracic diseases.   It consists of
 a flat case, not unlike a watch-case, having on its
 upper surface a graduated dial and  index, whieh
is  acted on by a simple mechanism.   A silk cord,
long enough  to  surround  one-half  the chest'
passe* through an aperture in the case.  The dial
 is graduated into fifty equal  parts, each of which
represents the l-200th of an inch.  In using the
instrument, the dial is placed  firmly against the
spine, and the point of the tape over'the .sternum.
or at any other spot  according to  the part to  bo 
STETIIOPARA LYSIS
816
STIZOLOBIUM
examined.  The extension of the string, as indi-
cated by the dial, shows the amount of elasticity
of the parietes of the thorax.
  STETHOPARAL'YSIS, Paral'yaia nervo'rum
thora'cis, phrenicorum, Ac;  from err/Bos, ' the
chest,'  and 7;a(>aXii<7cj, 'paralysis.'  Palsy oT the
muscles of the chest.
  STETHORRHEUMA,  Pleurodynia,
  STETn'OSCOPE, Stethoacop'ium,  Stethoa'co-
pum, Echoacop'ium, Psophom'eter, Thoracoscop'-
ium, from ornSos, ' the chest,' and axoircta,  ' I exa-
mine.'   An instrument invented by Laennec, of
Paris, for exploring the chest.  The stethoscope,
sometimes called  Pectoriloque, is a cylinder of
wood, from four inches to a  foot long;  pierced
through and through  by a longitudinal  canal
about  a quarter of an inch  in  diameter.  The
longer  are  generally composed  of two portions,
that fit together  by means of a screw, one of
which is hollowed at the extremity, in the  shape
of a funnel.  These two  portions being screwed
to each other, the physician lays hold of the in-
strument, as he would of a pen, puts the funnel-
shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, and
applies his ear to the other.  To explore  the pul-
sations  of the heart, the funnel is plugged  up by
a piece of the same  kind of wood accurately
adapted to it, and pierced by a canal of the same
width  as that  in  the  body of the instrument.
Stethoscopes are  sometimes flexible,  like the
flexible ear-trumpet.
   This  mode of examining affections of the chest,
Steth'oscopy,  Stethoscop'ia, Ac, is what Laennec
terms Auscultation midiate, Mediate Auecultation.
   STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and Ste-
thoscope.
   STETHUS, Thorax.
   STEAV, Stove.
   STHENI'A,  Steni'a, Diath'eeie athen'ica, Sta-
tue ethcu' icus, Vis aucta,  from oStvos, ' strength,'
'power.'  Excess of strength ; excitement of the
organic actions.  A word used, especially by the
Brunonians, as well as Asthenia,— its antitheton.
Sthenic or dynamic diseaaee are such as depend
upon excessive excitement.
   STHENICUS, Active.
   STHENOPYRA, Synocha..
   STIBI. Antimonium.
   SIIBIALIS, Antimonial.
   STIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVLE, Antimo-
nium tartarizatum.
   STIBII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium muriatum
— s. Deuto-murias  sublimatus, Antimonium mu-
riatum—s. et Potassas deuto-tartras, Antimonium
tartarizatum—s. Hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An-
timonii sulphuretum  rubrum — s. Oxidum acido
muriatico oxygenato paratum, Algaroth—s. Oxi-
dum album  mediante nitro confectum,  Antimo-
nium  diaphoreticum — s. Oxidum prascipitando
paratum, Algaroth — s. Oxodes  album,  Antimo-
nium  diaphoreticum — s.  Oxodes sulphuretum,
Antimonii sulphuretum praeeipitatum — s. Oxydi
 sulphurati hydro-sulphuretum luteum, Antimonii
sulphuretum prascipitatum—s. Oxydulati sulphu-
 retum, Antimonii sulphuretum prascipitatum — s.
 Oxyckilum vitreatum, Antimonii vitrum—s. Oxy-
 dum semivitreum, Antimonii vitrum—s.  Oxydum
 6ulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii sulphuratum — s.
 Subhydrosulphas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum
 — s. Submurias prascipitando paratum, Algaroth
 — s. Sulphurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An-
 timonii sulphuretum  rubrum—s. Sulphuretum
 nigrum, Antimonium — s. Aritrum,  Antimonii
 vitrum.
   STIBIOSUM  HYDROSULPHURETUM
 CUM SULPHURE, Antimonii sulphuretum pras-
 cipitatum — s. Oxidum,  Antimonium diaphore-
 ticum.
  STIBTUM, Antimonium.
  STIC1IAS ARABICA. Lavendula stocchas.
  STICKAVORT, Acrimony.
  STICTA  PULMONACEA, Lichen  pulmo-
narius.
  STIFF JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contracture
  Stiff Joints, Milk sickness.
  STIFFNECK, Torticollis.
  STIGA1A, Cicatricula.
  STIGMATA, see Nasvus.  The breathing pores
of insects are so called.
  Stig'mata Ovario'rum, Cicatri'cee Ovario'rum.
The  cicatrices left in  the ovary after the escape
of ova.
  STILBOMA, Cosmetic.
  STILL, Alembic.
  STILLA, Gutta.
  STILLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBUS,
Epistaxis.
  STILLICID'IUM,  SubsUl'lum, from  atillare,
' to drop.'   This term is often used synonymously
with Strangury.   It means the flow of any fluid
—particularly the urine — drop by drop.   Also a
kind of embrocation, Stillicid'ium supra partem,
effected by dropping a liquid upon a part.
  Stillicidium Lacrymarum,.Epiphora—s. Na-
rium, Coryza — s. Sanguinis  e   naribus,  Epis-
taxis — s. Supra partem, sec Stillicidium.
  STILLIN'GIA, <S'.  aylvat'ica,  Queen'e  Root,
 Queen'e delight, Yaw root, Mar'cory, Cockup hat.
An indigenous plant, which grows in pine bar-
rens, from Virginia to Florida.  Sex.  Syat. Mo-
ncecia  Monadelphia.   Nat. Ord.  Euphorbiaceas.
The root is said to be  used in syphilis, obstinate
cutaneous affections, Ac, like sarsaparilla.
  STIMATO'SIS,  Stymatoeie,  Hamorrhag"ia
Penie, Stymatorrhag"ia, Phallorrhag"ia, Caulor-
rhag"ia, from arvpa, ' priapism,' itself from arvciv,
'to erect.'   Hemorrhage from the  male organ,
accompanied or not with priapism.
   STIMMI, Antimonium.
   STIM'ULANT, Stim'ulans, Ex'citans, Exci'-
 tgnt,  In'citona,  Incenti'vum, Irri'tane, Inci'tant,
 Hypersthen'ic, from atimulare, 'to goad.'  A me-
 dicine which has the power of exciting the orga-
 nic action of the different systems of the econo-
 my.  Some stimulants  are diffuaible,— that  is,
 have a prompt but temporary action;  others are
 permanent or pereiatent.  The action of stimu-
 lants is called Stimulation, Stimula'tio, Incita'tio.
   The chief stimulants are the following: jEther
 Sulphuricus, Ammonia, Asafcetida, Brucia, Cam-
 phora,  Capsicum, Castoreum, Cinnamomum, Co-
 paiba, Cubeba-,  Guaiacum,  Hydrargyri  Praspa-
 rata, Iodinum,  Nux  Vomica, Olea Essentialia,
 Opium (in small dose), Piper, Sinapis, Strychnia,
 Zingiber, — Alcohol, Caloric, Electricity, Mental
 Emotions, (the Impetuous.)
   STIM'ULUS, 'a goad.'  Incitamen'tum, Irri-
 ta'men, Irritamen'tum, Poten'tia Irri'tane.  Any
 thing which excites the animal economy.
   STINK POKE, Dracontium fostidum—s.Weed,
 Chenopodium anthelminticum,  Datura stramo-
 nium, Polanisia graveolens.
   STIPATIO, Stegnosis.
   Stipatio Tela Cellulo'sa Inpant'um.   In-
 duration of the cellular tissue of children.
   STIROSIS, Sterilitas.
   STITCH, same root as stick, Sax.rTicwxi, (G.)
 s t e c k e n, (F.) Point, (L.) Punctum; (from pun-
 gere, punctum, 'to prick or sting.') An acute lan-
 cinating pain, like that produced by the puncture
 of a sharp needle.
   Stitch,  Common, Suture, common — s. Royal,
 Suture, common — s.  in the Side, Pleurodynia.
   STIZOLOBIUM, Dolichos pruriens. 
STLENGIS
817
STOMATITIS
  STLENGIS, Stridor dentium.
  STOB.E'A  RUBRICAU'LIS.   A South Afri-
can plant,  A'at.  Ord. compositae.   A tincture  of
the bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service
in gravel.
  STOCHEION, Element.
  STOCKING,  LACED, (F.) Baa loaai.  A ban-
dage used by surgeons, which consists of a stock-
ing made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admitting of
being tightly laced anteriorly.  It is employed in
varices and ulcers  of the legs.
  ST03CHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoschas.
  STOMA, Mouth.
  STOMACACE, Stomatoc'ace, Stomal'gia, La-
brisul'cium, Cheiloc'ace, Uloc'aee, Cheilomala'cio,
Stoinatoiio'mii, Stomatonecro'eie, from aropa, ' the
mouth,' and  xaxos, ' evil:' Cancer Oris,  Canker.
l'oetor of  the mouth  with a bloody discharge
from  the  gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aquatique;  see
Cancer Aquaticus.  Also, Scurvy.
   Stomacace, Porphyra nautiea—s. Gangreno-
sum, Cancer  aquaticus — s. Universale,  Purpura
hosmorrhagica.
   STOMACAL, Stomachal.
   STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia.
   STOMACH, Stom'achue, Ventric'ulua, Nedya,
Anocu'lio, Gaater, (F.) Eatomac,  from  arofia, 'a
mouth.'  One of the principal organs  of diges-
tion.  It is  a musculo-membranous reservoir; con-
tinuous, on the one side, with the oesophagus; on
the other,  with  the duodenum.  It is situate be-
neath the  diaphragm, between the liver and the
spleen ; and  occupies the epigastrium and a part
of the left hypochondrium.   In  it the food is
converted into chyme.  AVhen viewed externally,
the stomach has, 1. An anterior face, which looks
a little  upwards.  2. An inferior face,  directed
downwards.   3. An inferior  or colic  margin,
which is convex and extensive, and is called the
greater curvature,  (F.) Grand courbure.   It gives
origin to the omentum  majus.   4. A 8iiperior or
diaphragmatic  margin, which  is  shorter,  con-
cave, and is called the leaaer curvature, (F.) Petit
courbure.  The lesser  omentum  is attached to
this.  5. A left or  oesophageal orifice, called, also,
the cordia, Oa ventric'uli or upper orifice.   6. A
right or  intestinal, or inferior orifice, called  the
pylorus.   7. A considerable dilatation, situate to
the left  of the  cardia  and greater  curvature —
t*ie great  tuberosity of the stomach; and, 8. A
less extensive dilatation, situate to the  right of
the greater curvature, — the.lesser tuberosity or
lesser cul-de-sac, Antrum Pylo'ri.   The inner sur-
face of the stomach is of a reddish-white colour,
and has a marbled appearance.  It is constantly
covered  by thick  mucus, and is  lined by a mu-
cous membrane, which  presents numerous wrin-
kles.   The parietes of the  stomach consist  of
three membranes  in superposition.   The outer-
most is serous, and is an extension of the perito-
neum; the middle coat is muscular, — some  of
its  fibres running  longitudinally; others, trans-
versely, and others obliquely; the innermost mem-
brane is of a mucous nature, Crusta villo'sa ven-
tric'uli,  Gastro-mycod'eris, but not exactly a con-
tinuation of the membrane that lines the oesopha-
gus. The mucous and muscular membranes form,
at the pylorus, a valve, called the Pyloric valve.
These three  coats are  united by  a dense, close,
areolar membrane ; and, between the mucous and
muscular coats, along the two curvatures especi-
ally, is a quantity  of muciparous  glands, called
Glands of Brunner.  The arteries of the  stomach
are very numerous, and proceed  from the coro-
naria ventriculi, the pyloric, splenic, and  right
and  left gastro-epiploic   The  veins have  the
same  name, and pursue the same courso as the
arteries.  They  pour their blood into the trunk
      52
of the vena porta.  Its lymphatic  vessels are
very numerous, and pass  into  ganglia, situate
along the two curvatures.  The nerves of the
stomach  proceed from  the pneumogastric, and
three divisions of the coeliac plexus.
  Stomach Cell, see Favulus — s. Disease, Li-
mosis — s. First, Ingluvies.
  Stomach  Pump,  Gastren'chyta, Antli'a  gaa'-
trica.  A useful instrument for conveying  fluids
to the stomach, when deglutition is impracticable,
and for pumping out the contents of that organ.
It consists of a forcing syringe, to the bottom
and  nozzle  of whieh flexible tubes can be  at-
tached.  When the object  is to force  fluids into
the stomach, the stomach-tube must be attached
to the nozzle, and passed down the throat, — the
tube connected  with the bottom of the syringe
being placed in the fluid  to be injected.   To
empty the stomach, the stomach-tube must be
attached to the bottom of the instrument.  This
instrument has been of great service where poi-
sons have been taken.   The  antidote, when any
exists, and is at hand, should be administered
immediately prior to its use.
  The stomach  pump  was first employed in
America by Dr. Physick, in the year 1812.
  Stomach,  Second,  Proventriculus — s.  Sick,
Milk sickness — s. Third, ATentriculus callosus —
s. Tube,  see Tube, oesophageal.
  STOM'ACIIAL, Stomach'ic, Stomach'ical, Car-
di'acus,  Stomach'icus,  Stomacha'lis,  Viecera'lie,
(F.) Stomacal, Stomachique. That which belongs
to the stomach ; that  which is good for the sto-
mach ; which strengthens  the stomach. A me-
dicine that gives tone to the stomach.
  STOMACHALGIA,  Cardialgia.
  STOMACHI RESOLUTIO, Dyspepsia.
  STOMACHIC, Stomachal.
  STOMACHICAL, Stomachal.
  STOMACHIQUE Stomachal.
  STOM'ACHUS,  from aroua,  'mouth.'  This
word has been used in  several different accepta-
tions ;  for example,  for  the oesophagus, for the
cardiac orifice of the stomach, (see Cardia,) and
for the stomach itself.  Hippocrates calls the neck
of the bladder arofiaxos xvarttas; and the neck of
the uterus tijj fiifrpas arofiaxos.
  STOMAL'GIA,  Stomatal'gia, Stomatodyn'ia,
from arofia, ' mouth,' and aXyos,  ' pain.'  Pain in
the mouth ;  Stomac'ace.
  STOMAPYRA, Aphthae —s. Aphtha, Aphthas.
  STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia.
  STOMAT'IC, Stomat'icus, from aro/ta, 'mouth.'
A medicine used in  diseases, Ac, of the mouth.
Dentifrices,  masticatories, Ac, are stomatics.
  STOMATITE APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis,
aphthous — s. Charbonneuee, Cancer aquaticus —
s. Conenneuee, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous—
s. Cremeuae pnltocie, Aphthas — s. Folliculeuee,
Stomatitis,  aphthous — s.  Gangrinenae, Cancer
aquaticus — s. Mercurielle, see Salivation, mercu-,
rial — s.  Ulcireuse,  Stomatitis, aphthous.
  STOMATI'TIS, from aroua, 'the mouth,' and
itis,  denoting inflammation.  (F.) Inflammation
de la Bouche ; Inflammation of the mouth.
  Stomatitis, Aphthous,  S. follicular, S. nl'-
ceroue, Emphly'eie Aphtha, A. Adulto'rum, (F.)
Stomatite, S. aphtheuee, S. folllculeuse, S. ul-
cireuee.  An inflammation of the follicles of the
mouth, constituting the aphthas of  the  adult,
which is  generally accompanied by cephalic, gas-
tric, and general disturbance.  It may be either
descrete  or confluent, and requires  general and
local treatment, adapted to the case.
  Stomatitis, Erythematous.  Simple inflam-
mation of the mouth. 
               STOMATITIS               81

  Stomatitis, Exsudativa, Aphthas—s. Follicu-
lar, S. aphthous — s. Gangrenous,  Cancer aqua-
ticus.
  Stomatitis, Mercu'rial, Hydrargyrostom'-
ciri'e, Hydrargyroatomati'tia, Stonutti'tis mcrcuria'-
lie.  Inflammation of the mouth induced by mer-
cury.
  Stomatitis of Nursing-women appears to be
a variety of S. aphthous.
  Stomatitis, Pseudomembranous, (F.) Stoma-
tite  couenneuae,   Diphthirite buccole,  Pseudo-
membranoue inflammation of the mouth ; — in its
worst form, Stomatyphus, (F.) Figarite.  Inflam-
mation of the mouth accompanied by the exuda-
tion of a false  membrane, — a disease which  is
rarely seen except in  large foundling establish-
ments.
  Stomatitis,  Ulcerous,  S. aphthous—s. Ve-
siculosa infantum, Aphthas.
  STOMATOCACE, Stomacace.
  STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia.
  S TO M A T O-GAS'T RIC, Sto'mato-gae'tricus,
from arofia,' the mouth,' and yaarrip, the stomach.'
Appertaining to the mouth and stomach,—as the
etomato-gaetric ganglia of the lower animals.
  STOMATOMALACIA PUTRIDA, Cancer
aquaticus.
  STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquaticus, Sto-
macace.
  STOMATONOMA, Stomacace.
  STOMATOPA'NUS, from aropa, 'the mouth,'
and iravos, 'a glandular tumour.'   Stomatophy'ma
glandulosum, Panue Fau'cium.   Tumefaction of
the glands of the mouth.
  STOMATOPHY'MA, from aroua, 'the mouth,*
and tpvpa, ' a swelling.' A swelling in the mouth.
  Stomatophyma Glandulosum, Stomatopanus.
  STOMATOPLAS'TIC, Stomatoplae'ticua; from
aroua, ' the mouth,' and j-Xao-o-w, ' I form.   The
operation of forming a mouth, where the aperture
has been contracted from any cause.
  STOMATORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrhce'a,  Ha-
morrhag" ia oria, H. fau'cium, San'guinis profiu'-
vium ex  Ore, HamorrhoVdes Oris, Stomato'ais,
Stomorrhag"ia,  (F.) Himorrhagie buccale, from
aropa, ' the mouth,' and priyvvpa,  ' I break  out.'
Hemorrhage from the mouth.
  Stomatorrhagia Alveolorum, Phatnorrha-
gia—s. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagia.
  STOMATORRHCEA, Stomatorrhagia.
  STOMATOSCOPE, from arofia, ' mouth,'and
axoirtta, 'I view.'  Any instrument for keeping
the mouth open, so as to permit the parts within
to be inspected;  Speculum oris.
  STOMATOSEPSIS, Cancer aquaticus.
  STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia.
  STOMATOSPASMUS, Trismus.
  STOMATYPHUS, Stomatitis, pseudomembra-
nous.
  STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoides.
  STOMORRHAGIA, Stomatorrhagia.
  STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesical
— s. Binder, Osteocolla — s. Crop, Sedum — s.
Crop, biting, Sedum — s. Mint,  Cunila mariana
— s. Pock,  Acne — s. Root, Collinsonia Cana-
densis.
  STONES, THE, Testes.
  STOOL, Dejectio.
  Stool, Calomel, see Calomel.
  STORAX, Styrax — s.  Liquida, Liquidambar
styraciflua.
  STOREY'S WORM CAKES.   An  empirical
preparation, formed of calomel Qj, jalap. 5Jj, zin-
gib. ^ij, aacch. 3J, einnab. antim.  q. s. to  colour
them ;  syrup, simpl. q. s. to make into cakes.
  STORKBILL, Geranium maculatum.
  6T0VE.  Old French  Estuve, Stupha;  a
              STRANGALIDES

Stew, -Estua'rium, (F.) Etuve.  A limited space,
warmed artificially, and in which the air is slowly
renewed. It is used for drying various substances,
as plants, extracts, conserves, Ac., or  for  taking
vapour baths.   In this  case, tho etew or atovc is
said to be wet or humid; in the  opposite case, it
is said  to be dry, (F.)aeche.   The latter, which is
used by the Turks, is the Lacon'icum or Calida'-
rium of the Romans.  The  former is their Tepi-
da'rium or Vapora'rium.  These kinds of baths
greatly excite the cutaneous transpiration; and
are valuable agents in rheumatic and other affec-
tions.
  STRABI, see Strabismus.
  STRABILISMOS, Strabismus.
  STRABIS'MUS, Strabilia'moe, Parop'eis Stra-
bismus, from arpafios, 'twisted,' 'one who squints;'
Straboe'itae, Loxophthal'mue, Distor'sio, Lue'eitas,
Illo'eis, Ho'sis,  Helo'sis, Squinting, Goggle Eye,
(F.)  Strabisme,  Vue louche,  Louchement.   Want
of concordance  of the optic  axes.  It  may be
dependent upon natural or acquired inequality in
the action of the  motor muscles of the eye; on
a  convulsive state of one  of those muscles; a
difference in the sensibility of the two eyes; or a
cerebral affection.  In the treatment, if the dis-
ease seem to depend  upon an excess of strength
in one  of the motor muscles, we must endeavour
to give tone to that which is too weak, by placing
before  the  eye  a  mask  having a small aperture
on the side to which it is necessary to direct  the
pupil;  or  by wearing glasses, provided  with a
piece of looking-glass, on  the side to which  the
eye is vitiously turned; so that the reflection
may be inconvenient,  and  occasion the organ to
be turned in an opposite direction; or by putting
a black patch on the angle opposite to  that to
which the eye is turned.  If owing to weakness,
the organ  must be strengthened by being  ex-
erted alone, and  by leaving the other at rest.
If the  disease be symptomatic of cerebral affec-
tion, attention must, of course, be  directed to the
latter.
   Strabismus may be single or affect one eye only,
or double, and it may be convergent or divergent,  i
   Those affected  with  Strabismus  are  called
Strabi, Strabo'nes, Strabo'ni, Strebli, Rli, Squint'-
ers, Squint-eyed; in  French, Louchee, Bigles.
   Strabismus,  Convergent, see Strabismus —
s. Divergent,  see Strabismus — s. Double,  see
Strabismus — s. Single,  see Strabismus. -
   STRABONES, see  Strabismus.
   STRABONI, see Strabismus.
   STRABOSITAS, Strabismus.
   STRABOT'OMY, Strabotom'ia, from  arpafios,
' one who  squints,' and ropn, ' incision.'  The
operation  for the  removal of squinting  by  the
division of the muscle or muscles that distort the
eye-ball.
   STRAIN, Sprain.
   Strain,  colore, (F.) couler, from  arpayyttv,
etringere, (F.) eetreindre, 'to constrict or squeeze.'
To pass decoctions, infusions, Ac, forcibly through
linen;  also, to  exert  an effort.   This is accom-
plished by  fixing firmly the parts where the mus-
cles  to  be  exerted originate, in order that their
full power may be developed.
   STRAINING, Nisus.
   STRAITS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis.
   STRAMOINE, Datura stramonium.
   STRAMONIA, Datura stramonium.
   STRAMONIUM, Datura stramonium—a.  Fos-
tidum, Datura stramonium—s. Majus album,  Da-
tura stramonium— s. Spinosum, Datura stramo-
nium — s. Vulgatum, Datura stramonium.
   STRANGAL'IDES,  from  arpayyvtta,  'I  tor-
ment.'   Small,  hard tumours, which form in the
breast, when the milk does not find issue.
8 
STRANGALION
819
STROPHULE
  STRANGALION, Tubercle.
  STRANGALIS, Tubercle.
  STRANGALISMUS, Strangulation.
  STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, strangers'.
  STKANGULATIO, Orthopncea, Strangulation
— s. Ui^rina, Angone.
  STRANGULATION, Strangula'tio, Unix,
Pnig'moa,  Slrangalis'mue,  ( F. )  Etranglement,
Strangulation.  State of a  part too closely  con-
stricted.  Thus we say that there  is strangulation
of an intestinal hernia, when  the  opening  that
gives passage  to the portion of protruded intes-
tine contracts,  so as to intercept the continuity
of  the digestive  canal.  In  Legal Medicine, it
means the forcible obstruction of the  air  pas-
sages, by a ligature or by the hand, for criminal
purposes.  See Suffocation.
   STRANGULATOR, see Lycoides.
   STRANGURIA, Enuresis—s. Cruenta, Cystor-
rhagia.
   STRANGURIE,  Strangury — e. Menetruelle,
Dysmenorrhoea.
   STRANGU'RIOUS;  same etymon as the next.
Affected  with, or of the nature of, strangury.
   STRAN'GURY,  Stranguria, Paru'ria etilla-
ti'tia,  from arpayyttv,  'to  squeeze,'  and ovpov,
'urine:'  Dyeu'ria,  Uri'na  SUllicid'ium vel  Sub-
stil'lum,  (F.) Strongurie.   Extreme difficulty in
evacuating the urine, which  issues only drop by
drop, and is accompanied with heat, pain, tenes-
mus at the neck of the bladder, Ac.  See Ischuria,
and Retention.
   STRATHPEFFER, MINERAL  WATERS
 OF. A sulphuretted water, at Strathpeffer, a few
miles west from Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire,  Scot-
land.  It contains  sulphate of soda, sulphate of
lime, chloride of sodium,  sulphate of magnesia,
and sulpho-hydrie acid.
   STRATIOTES,  Achillea millefolium.
   STRATUM  BACILLATUM,  see Tunica Ja-
cobi — s. Malpighii, Corpus  mucosum — s.  Pig-
inenti, see  Choroid — s. Proligerum, Proligerous
disc
   STRAWBERRY, Fragaria —s. Bush, Euony-
mus Americanus — s. Shrubby, Rubus arcticus—
s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus—s. Wild, Fragaria
Virginiana.
   STREAK, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive.
   STREATHAM,  MINERAL  AVATERS   OF.
Streatham is a village near London.  The waters
are saline and cathartic.
   STREBLI, see Strabismus.
   STREBLOSIS,  Luxation.
   STREMMA, Luxation, Sprain.
   STREPITO'SUS MORBUS.  ' Noisy  disease.'
A kind of flatulent disease, said by Sorbait  to be
not uncommon in  the  Austrian  Alps, in which
emphysematous tumours form  on different  parts
of the body, — accompanied by sonorous excre-
tion of gas by the mouth and anus.
   STREPITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
   STRETCHING, Pandiculation.
   STRLE, A'ibices—s. Ciliares, Ciliary processes
—s. Corneic, Tenia semicircularis—s. Longitudi-
nales Lancisii, see Corpus callosum — s. Medul-
lars, see Processus teretes — s. Retinas subjectie
ligamento ciliari, Halo  signatus—s. Semilunares,
Tienia semicircularis—s. Terminates, Tasnia  semi-
circularis—s. Transversa? AVillisii, see Corpus cal-
losum.
   STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE,  see  Mus-
cular fibre.
   STRIATUS,  Cannele,  Grooved, see  Corpora
striata.
   STRIBILIGO, Efflorescence.
   STRICTURA, Stricture —s. Ani, Stricture of
the rectum — s. Intestini recti, Stricture of the
rectum — s. Intestini recti spasniodica, Stricture
of the rectum, spasmodic — s. Oesophagi callosa,
Dysphagia constricta—s. Oesophagi spasmodica,
ffisophagismus—s. Pharyngis seu oesophagi vera,
Dysphagia constricta — s. Praeputii, Phimosis —
s. Urethra?, Urethrostenosis—s. Arentriculi, Stric-
ture of the stomach.
  STRICTURE, Strictu'ra, from stringere, etric-
tum, 'to  tie hard.' Coarcta'tio, Stegno'sis, (F.)
Ritricissement.  A diminution or contracted con-
dition of some tube or duct,  as the oesophagus,
rectum, urethra, Ae.  This must be dilated  by
appropriate bougies.   Strictures may, also, occur
in the intestines :  they  are unmanageable, with
the exception of those of the rectum, which admit
of topical applications.
  Stricture of  the  Oesophagus, Dysphagia
constricta — s. of the  Pharynx, Dysphagia con-
stricta.
  Stricture of the Rectum, Spasmod'ic, Stric-
tu'ra Intesti'ni Recti sposmod-'ica, Obstruc'tio Recti
8pas'tica.   An affection  occurring in the nervous
especially, which  subsides spontaneously,  after a
longer or  shorter continuance.
  Stricture of the  rectum, Strictu'ra Ani seu  In-
testi'ni Recti, Archostegno'ma, Rectosteno'sis, Eu-
thyenteroeteno'ma,  Archostegno'sis, Archosteno'sis,
Proctoencli'sis,  Angusta'tio et Restric'tio intestini
recti vel ani, Stenocho'ria intesti'ni recti, Procto-
steno'eie organ'ica, occurs also organically, and is
a very serious affection j being generally depend-
ent upon scirrhus.
  Stricture of  the Stomach,  Gaetrosteno'sis,
Coarcta'tio seu Strictu'ra ventric'uli.   See Gas-
trostenosis cardiaca, Ac.
  Stricture of the  Urethra, Urethrostenosis
— s. of the Urinary bladder,  Cystostenochoria —
s. Aresica? urinaria?, Cystostenochoria.
  STRIDOR DENTIUM, Brygmus.
  STRIGA CARTILAGINOSA CORDIS, Isth-
mus of the fossa ovalis.
  STRIGIL, Strig'ilis, Stlen'gis, Stelen'gis.   A
flesh-brush.  Also, an instrument, anciently used
in the baths, for scraping off  the sweat.
  STRIPED MUSCULAR  FIBRE, see Muscu-
lar fibre.
   STROBILITI'TES, from  crpoQtXos,  stro'bilus,
'a  cone  of the pine.'  Wine impregnated with
the cones of  the pine.
  STROEMIA, Cadaba.
  STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.  An  apoplectic
seizure.
  Stroke, Back, of the Heart, Impulse, dia-
stolic.
  Stroke, Paralyt'ic.  A  sudden attack of en-
cephalo-spinal paralysis.
  STROMA,  Strag'ulum,   Stramen'tum; from
arptavvvia, arptavvvfit,  'to spread out;  to  cover.'
The bed or foundation-texture of an organ,— as
the stroma of the ovary.  Applied, also, to  the
bed or  base of any deposit — as the 'amorphous
stroma' of scrofulous  deposits.
   STROMBULCUS,  Forceps (bullet.)
   STRONGLE, Strongylus—s. Giant, Strongylus
gigas.
   STRON'GYLUS,  from arpoyyvXos, 'round.'
Hippocrates, Chabert, and others, mean the As'-
caris lumbricoi'des by this term.  The  Strongi/lu»
Gigas, (F.) Strongle,  S. giant, is, however,  dis-
tinct.  It has an  obtuse, flat head; mouth sur-
rounded with six flattish papilla?:  the whole bursa
of  the  male truncated:  the tail of the  female
rounded.   It is sometimes met with,—five  inches,
a foot, a foot and a half, and  even three feet long,
—and from two lines  to half an inch in diameter.
It  is occasionally found in   the human kidney;
rarely in other viscera, and  still more rarely in
the intestinal tube.
   Strongylus, Teres.
   STROPIIOS, Tormina.
   i' TROPHl 'L E, Strophulus. 
STROPHULUS
820
STRYCHNOS
  STROPII'ULUS,  Licheni'asis  etroph'nine,
EbullWio,  Exanthe'ma etrophnlu8,  Exor'mia
strophulus, Red Gum,  Red  Gown,  Tooth llueh,
 White Gum, Milk-spots, (F.) Strophule, Feux de
dents.  It consists of an eruption of red, or some-
times whitish pimples; occurring in early infancy,
chiefly about the face, neck, and arms, surrounded
by a reddish halo; or  interrupted by irregular
patches of cutaneous  blush.   All the varieties
under this genus arise in consequence of  the ex-
treme vascularity and  irritability of the  skin at
this period of life,  when the constitution is liable
to be disturbed by irritation, either in the ali-
mentary canal, gums or other parts.  None of
these eruptions are of any  importance,  and no
medical treatment is usually necessary.   If the
stomach seem at all disordered, a little rhubarb
and  magnesia may be administered occasionally.
AVillan and Bateman reckon five species, — Stro-
phulus intertinc'tue, Red gum or gown ; S. al'bidus
or white  gum; S. confer1 tus or rank red gum,
Tooth rash ; S. volat'icus or Erythe'ma volat'icum,
and  S. can'didus.
  Strophulus Sylvestris, Ignis sylvaticus—s.
Volaticus, Ignis sylvaticus.
  STROPHUS, Tormina.
  STRUCTIO, Structura.
  STRUCTURAL; same etymon as the  next.
Of, or belonging to, structure.
  STRUCTURE,  Structu'ra, Struc'tio,  Confor-
ms'tio,  Catasceu'e, from  etruere,  etructum,  'to
build.'  The arrangement of  the different tissues
or organic elements of which animals  and vege-
tables are composed.
  STRUMA, Bronchocele,  Scrofula.
  Struma Adipo'sa, Obee'itas colli.  Fatty neck.
Prominence of the neck from obesity.
  STRUMES, Scrofula.
  STRUMEUX, Scrofulous.
  STRUMOSIS CEREBRI, Encephalophymata
— s. Pulmonum, Tubercles of the lungs.
  STRUMOSUS, Scrofulous.
  STRUMOUS, Scrofulous.
  STRUT H10PH'AGUS,  from  orpovSiov, 'a
young ostrich,, and tpayta, ' I eat.'  Struthiopha-
gous tribes still exist in some parts of Africa.
  STRUT MUM,  Saponaria.
  STRUVE'S LOTION  FOR  HOOPING-
COUGH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping-cough.
  STRYCHNIA, Strychni'na, Strych'nine,Strych-
ni'num,  Strych'nium,  Vauqueline.  An alkaline
principle; solid, crystalline, inodorous, bitter, and
excessively poisonous, which has been discovered
in the  Strychnoe  nux  vomica.  (Nucis  vomica.
rasur. Ibiv; calcis pulv. ^vj ; acid, muriat. f^iij;
alcohol., acid,  sulphuric, dil.,  liquor,  ammonia,
carbon, animal, purif, aqua, aa, q. s.  Digest the
nux vomica in two gallons of water, acidulated
with a fluidounce of muriatic acid, for 24 hours:
then  boil for  two  hours, and strain with expres-
sion through a strong  linen bag.  Boil the resi-
duum twice successively in the same quantity of
acidulated water, each  time  straining as before.
Mix the decoctions, and evaporate to the consist-
ency of thin syrup; then add the lime previously
mixed with a pint of water, and boil for ten mi-
nutes, frequently stirring.   Pour the mixture into
a double linen bag, and having washed the pre-
cipitate well with water, press, dry, and powder
it.   Treat the powder repeatedly with boiling
alcohol, until deprived of its bitterness;  mix the
liquors, and distil  off the alcohol by means of a
water-bath.   Mix tho  residue  with  water, and
 having applied heat, drop in sufficient diluted sul-
phuric acid to neutralize and dissolve the strych-
nia;  then add purified animal charcoal;  boil for
 a few minutes, filtei, evaporate, and crystallize.
 Dissolve the crystals in water,  and add sufficient
solution of ammonia to precipitate the strychnia.
Lastly,  dry the precipitate on  bibulous  paper.
Ph. U. S.)  The medical  action of strychnia on
man and animals is exactly like  that of the alco-
holic  extract of nux vomica.   It is,  however,
more active.  An eighth of a grain is sufficient to
kill a large dog; and a quarter of a grain pro-
duces marked effects on the human body, when
in health.  It has  been  given  in paralysis and
other cases like the nux vomica.  Dose,  one-
twelfth to one eighth of a grain.
  Strychnia, Acetate of, Strychnia? acetas —
s. Hydriodate of, Strychnias hydriodas—s. Iodate
of, Strychnias iodas—-s. Iodide of, Strychniae hy-
driodas.
  Strych'nia, I'odide of Iodhydrate of, (F.)
lodure d'Iodhydrate de Strychnine, is made  by a
solution of ioduretted iodide  of potassium into a
solution of a salt of etrychnia ;  treating the pre-
cipitate with boiling alcohol,  and crystallizing.
Used in the  same  cases as  strychnia.  Dose, a
sixth of a grain.
  Strychnia, Nitrate of, Strychnias nitras—s.
Sulphate of, Strychnias sulphas.
  Strychnia  and   Zinc, Double  Iodide  of,
double Iodide of Zinc and Strychnia.
  STRYCH'NLE   ACE'TAS,  Strych'nium seu
Strychni'num  ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  strych'nii seu
etrych'nicus, Ac"etate of Strychnia or Strychnine.
This salt is formed by the direct combination of
strychnia  with acetic acid.  It  is given  in the
same cases as pure  strychnia.
  Strych'nia Hydri'odas,  S. iodhy'drae,
Strych'nium hydroiod'icum, Hydri'odaa seu Iod-
hy'drae strych'nicus, Hydri'odate or  Iodide of
Strychnia, is prepared by mixing a solution of
iodide of potaeeium with a concentrated solution
of acetate of etrychnia.
  Strych'nia I'odas, Strychni'na I'odae, Strych-
ni'na loda'ta, Strych'nium seu Strychni'num lod'-
icum, I'odae  Strych'nii seu  Strych'nicus, I'odate
of Strych'nia or Strychnine.   This salt may be
formed  by  adding  a  concentrated  solution of
iodic acid to etrychnia; treating with  boiling
alcohol; filtering,  and leaving it to spontaneous
evaporation.
  Strychnia Nitras, Strych'nium ni'tricum, Ni-
trate  of Strychnia  or Strychnine.   Used in thi
same cases as strychnia.
  Strych'nia  Sulphas,  Strych'nium  eulphu-ri-
cum, Sulphate of Strychnia or Strychnine.  Has
the same  properties.
  STRYCHNINA, Strychnia.
  STRYCHNINE, Strychnia.
  STRYCHNINUM, Strychnia.
  STRYCHNIUM, Strychnia —s.  Aceticum,
Strychnias acetas—s. Nitricum,  Strychnias nitras
— s. Sulphuricum,  Strychniae sulphas.
  STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara — s. Guia-
nensis, see Curare — s. Ignatii, Ignatia amara.
  Strychnos Nux A^om'ica,  Nux Vomica, Nux
Metel'la, Caniram, Koochla tree.   Family, Strych-
noideas.   Sex. Syet. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.J
 Vomiquier.  A  tree of the  family Strychndides,
which grows in India,  and the seeds of which
have been  long sold in the  shops,  under the
names, Nux  Vomica,  Vomie   nut, Poison  nut,
Bachelors' buttone,  Ac, (F.) Noix vomique.  For
a long time, these seeds were used only for poi-
soning rats; but of late  years,  an alcoholic ex-
tract has been prepared  from  them,  which has
been administered in paralytic affections, in small
doses.  Dose of the Alcoholic Extract, Extrac'tum
nucis vom'ica spirituo'eum, E. nucis vomica resi-
no'sum, E. n. v. alcohol'icum, (F.) Extroit alco-
holique de noix vomique,  one or two grains.  It
produces  a kind of tetanic convulsion in  the pa-
ralyzed parts, when given to the requisite extent.
It has, also, been  administered  in chronic diar- 
STRYPHNA
821
STYLO-MASTOID
rhcea and dysentery.   The following is the for-
mula for the preparation of the Extrac'tum Nu-
cis Vom'ica  of the Pharm.  U. S.  Take of Nux
vomica, Ibj ; Alcohol, a sufficient quantity.   Ex-
pose the Nux A'omica to steam till it is softened;
then, having sliced  and dried it, grind it into
powder.   Introduce it into an apparatus for dis-
placement, and pour  alcohol  upon it gradually,
until the liquid passes without bitterness.   Distil
off the greater part of the alcohol from the filtered
liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper
consistence.
   The bark is the false angustura or false cuspa-
ria bark ; Rohitn.
   The wood of Strychnos colubri'na, an Indian
tree, contains strychnia.  It was  formerly consi-
dered  a specific  against the  bites of venomous
animals; and was recommended  by Boerhaave
in intermittents.  It is the Lignum Colubri'num,
(F.) Bois de  Couleurre.
   Strychnos Toxicaria, see  Curare.
   STRYPHNA, Astringents.
   STRYPHNOS, Acerb.
   STUDIOSUS MEDICINE, Philiatros.
   STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa.
   STUDY,  BROAVN,  Aphelxia otiosa.
   STUFFING, Cynanche trachealis.
   STULTITIA, Fatuitas.
   STUMP,  (G.)  Stumpf,   (D.)  Stomp,  'a
stump;' also, 'blunt.'   (F.) Moignon.  The part
remaining from which  a limb or other part has
been amputated or removed in any manner.
   STUNNED.  Old French,  Estonni,  (L.) atto-
nitus,  'astonished.'  (F.) Etonni.   An epithet,
applied to one who,  in consequence of a fall or
other  accident, has received  such a concussion
of the brain as to deprive him, for a time,  of his
mental manifestations.
   STUPA, Stupha, Stuppa, Stupei'on.  Tow, used
in certain surgical  apparatuses  and dressings.
Also, a Stupe, that  is, cloth or tow used  in fo-
mentations.  A flannel or other article wrung out
 of hot water, plain  or  medicated, applied to a
part, is a etupe.   The act of applying such stupe
is called stuping.
   STUPE, Stupa.
   STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics.
   STUPEPACTIFS, Narcotics.
   STUPEFACTIO,  Narcosis.
   STUPEFIANTS, Narcotics.
   STUPEION, Stupa.
   STUPE UR, Stupor.
   STUPHA, Stove,  Stupa.
   STUPIA,  Tin.
   STUPIDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility.
   STUPING, see Stupe.
   STUPOR, Ecplex'ie,  Ecplex'ia, Coneterna'tio,
 (F.) Stnpeur,  from  stupere,   'to be stupified.'
 Diminished activity of the  intellectual faculties;
 often  amounting to lethargy.   It occurs in many
 affections, especially in the  neuroses.
   Stupor, Narcosis—s. Artuum, Obdormitio — s.
 Dentium, Hasmodia — s. Formicans, Formication
 —s. Mentis, Fatuitas — s. A'igilans,  Catalepsy.
   STUPPA, Stupa.
   STUPRATION, Stuprum.
   STUPRUM.  Rope, Stupra'tion, (F.) Diflora-
 tion,  Viol.   Forcible  and illicit enjoyment of a
 married or unmarried female. AVhen committed
 upon  the latter, which is  most commonly the
 case,  it is also called,  Deflora'tion, Deflora'tio,
 Devirgina'tio. Vitia'tio,  Apanthie'mue,  Ac.  In
 judging whether rape has been committed under
 such  circumstances, the state of the genital or-
 gans ; the aire of the individual; and the possibi-
 lity of accidents and diseases of the parts, will
 have to be considered.  It will be necessary, also,
to be acquainted with the evidences of virginity;
and to determine,—if signs of virginity no longer
exist, — whether its loss be attributable to copu-
lation, or to the introduction into the vagina of
any other body than  the male organ, Ac.  Recent
de/lowering can, of course, be much more readily
distinguished  than that which has  taken place
some time.
  STUTTERING, Balbuties.
  STY AN, Hordeolum.
  STYE, Hordeolum.
  STYMATES.   M.  J. Cloquet has proposed
this  word, or Stigmatee,  from ariypa, 'a mark,'
to designate the marks,  in  form of cicatrices,
which remain on the peritoneum after the oblite-
ration of the neck of the hernial sac They are,
commonly, radiated  folds, of a  whitish appear-
ance, more or less thick, and of a fibrous or fibro-
cartilaginous nature.
  STYLET, Specillum.
  STYLI, Styloid processes.
  STYLIFORM, Styloid.
  STYLO - CERATOIDES, Stylo-hyoideus — a.
Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus.
  STYLO-CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS.   A name
given, by Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fasci-
culus which the stylo-hyoid muscle sometimes
presents,  and which  is attached to the lesser
cornu of the os hyoides.   It is the same fascjcu-
lus which  Santorini  calls Stylo-hyoi'dee novua,
Stylo-hyo'ideiia alter.
  STYLO-GLOSSUS. A  muscle situate at the
anterior and superior part of the neck.  It is nar-
row  behind, much  broader before; is  attached
to the  styloid process  of the temporal bone, and
to the stylo-maxillary  ligament;  and is inserted
into  the side of the tongue.  It raises the base of
the tongue and carries it backwards.
  STYLO-HYOIDEUS,   Stylo-hyo'idien,  Stylo-
cer'ato-hyo'ideua, Stylo-ceratoVdea,  Stylo-hyu'ides
major.  A muscle, situate at the superior, ante-
rior, and lateral part of the neck.  It is thin and
narrow, — especially  posteriorly: anteriorly,  it
opens to give passage to the tendon of the digas-
tricus.  It is attached to the styloid process of
the temporal bone,  and  to the  body of the os
hyoides.  It raises the os hyoides, and carries it
backwards.
   Stylo-hyoid Ligament  is a fibrous, flattened
cord, which passes from the styloid process to the
lesser cornu  of the os hyoides.
   Stylo-hyoid Nerve   is the  second branch
given off by the facial nerve.
   STYLOID,  Sty'liform,  Stylo'i'dea, Graph idi'-
dea,   GrophoVdea,  Graphio'dca,   GrophidoV dea,
Belono'dea, from orvXos, 'a style,' 'a peg,' 'a pin,'
and ttoos, ' shape.'  Shaped like a peg or pin.
   Styloid Cornua,  see Hyoides  os.
   Styloid   Proc"esses, Pencil-like Proceaaes,
Procea'aue Belo'ides seu Belemno'idea seu  BelonoV-
dea  seu Graphio'idee seu Grapho'i'dee, Sty/i, are,
 1. A long and slender process  of the  temporal
bone,  to  which are attached the  stylo-glossus,
stylo-pharyngeus, and stylo-hyoideus  muscles,
 and the  stylo-hyoid  and stylo-maxillary liga-
ments.  2.  Two slender and pyramidal processes
 at the inferior extremities of the radius and ulna.
   STYLO-MASTOID, Stylo-mastoideus.   That
 which  relates to the  styloid  and mastoid pro-
 cesses.
   Stylo-mastoid Artery arises from the poste-
 rior auricular, and,  in some  subjects,  from  tho
 occipital.  It enters the  stylo-mastoid foramen ;
 passes  along the  aqueduct of  Fallopius, and
 spreads  its  ramifications  on  the mucous mem-
 brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid cells,
 and semi-circular canals; and terminates by anas,- 
STYLO-MAXILLARY
822
SUBCLAVIAN
tomosing with a branch of the Arteria mcningaa
media, which enters by  the Hiatus  Fallopii.
Murray has given the name — Stylo-mastoid—to
the posterior  auricular artery itself.
  Stylo-mastoid Fora'men, Foramen Stylo-mas-
toideuni or F. Aquaduc'tue Fallo'pii, (F.) 7'rou
anonyme, is situate at the inferior surface of the
petrous portion  of the temporal bone,  between
the styloid and mastoid processes.  It terminates
the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives passage to
the facial nerve.
  STYLO-MAX'ILLARY, Stylo-maxilla'ris.
That which relates  to the styloid processes  and
jaw.
  The Stylo-Maxillary Ligament is a  liga-
mentous, flat  cord, extending between the styloid
process and the angle of the jaw.
  STYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  (F.)  Stylo-thyro-
pharyngien.  A  muscle,  situate  at the  anterior
and lateral part of the neck.  It is slender; thin
above; attached to  the  styloid process of the
temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes of
the pharynx, as well as at the posterior margin
of the thyroid cartilage.  It raises  the pharynx
and carries it backwards.   Professor Chaussier
has  united, under the name Stylo'pharyngien,
the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx, the
stylo-pharyngeus, and  palato-pharyngeus.
  STYLOPH'ORUM DIPHYL'LUM, Meconop'-
sie  •diphyl'la, Celandine  Poppy,  Horn  Poppy,
Bruise root.  An indigenous plant, of the family
Papaveraceas, growing from western Pennsylva
nia to AVisconsin, which flowers from May to Au-
gust.   The juice is fetid and narcotic.  Infused
in wine, it  has been  given  internally in gravel ;
and has been  applied externally to contusions, Ac.
  STYLO-THYRO-PHARYNGIEN,  Stylo-
pharyngeus.
  STYLUS,  Sound.
  Stylus  Excava'tus,  Specil'lum  excava'tum.
A hollow sound.
  STYMA, Erection, Priapismus.
  STYAIATOSIS, Stimatosis.
  STYM'MATA, from arvfina, ' that which con-
stricts  or  thickens.'  The most solid ointments.
Also, the ingredients proper for increasing their
consistence.
  STYPSIS,  Astriction, Constipation.
  STYPTERIA, Alumen, Styptics.
  STYPTIC, EATON'S.  A name first given to
Helvetiue'a  Styptic, when introduced into Great
Britain.   It  is  now usually made  of  calcined
green  vitriol,  gj', proof epirit, tinged with a little
oak bark, Oij.
  Styptic, Helvetius's, see Ferrum tartarizatum.
  Styptic, Ruspini's, Liquor Stypt'icus Ruspini.
A nostrum, said to consist of gallic acid, a small
quantity of sulphate of zinc and opium, dissolved
in a mixture of alcohol and rose-water, which has
had much reputation as an internal and external
astringent.
  Styptics, Contrahen'tia, Constricti'va  Medica-
men'ta, Constringen'tia, Anastal'tica4 Stypte'ria,
from  arvirta, ' I constringe.'  Sometimes  used sy-
nonymously  with astringent, but generally ap-
plied  to a substance  employed to arrest hemor-
rhage,— Ena'mon.   A mechanical styptic is one
that arrests the  flow of blood, by being applied
immediately to the mouth of the bleeding vessel,
or  by inducing a  coagulum, mechanically, in
it.   A chymical styptic  is  one which  coagu-
lates, chymically, the  blood  around a bleeding
orifice.
  STYRAC'INUM  O'LEUM.   Oil obtained by
boiling storax in good olive oil.
  STYRAX,  from arupaf, 'a reed,'  in which  it
was preserved.  A resin  obtained  from the Sty-
rax officina'lis and S. calami'la.   It is the solid
storax; — officinal storax.  There  are two kinds
of storax met with:  1.  The  Red Storax, Gum
Storax, Thus Judao'rum, Styrax rubra, Styra'cil
bal'samum, Balsamum styracis officinalis, which
is obtained by incision from the Styrax officinalis,
and, perhaps,  from  the Liquidum'bar orienta'lis.
The purest is in tears ; but it has lost some of its
smell in drying.  2. Common Storax, Styrax  ca-
lami'ta.  That which  has been received in reeds
or vessels, and has  had  saw-dust added immedi-
ately  to thicken it.  The odour of storax  is fra-
grant; the taste aromatic.  It is considered, like
the other balsams, to be  stimulant and expecto-
rant,  but is rarely used long.
  Pd'rified Storax,  S. cola'ta, S. puriflca'ta, is
prepared by dissolving storax in alcohol;  strain-
ing the solution; then distilling off the alcohol
with a gentle heat, until  the storax acquires  the
proper consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.   Dose,  gr. x
to xxx.
  Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — s.
Benzoin, see Benjamin — s. Calamita, see  Styrax
— s. Liquida, Liquidambar styraciflua—s. Offici-
nalis, see Styrax.
  STYSIS, Erection, Priapismus.
  SUAVEOLENS,  Beneolens.
  SUB.   A  common  Latin  prefix,  signifying
'beneath.'
  SUBACTIO, Chiro'sis,  Cheirosis.   The ope-
ration of making plasters, extracts, Ac, with  the
hand, or with  the pestle and mortar.
  SUBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia.
  SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribade.
  SUB-ATLOIDEUS, Infra-atloideue, (F.) Sous-
atlo'idien.   That  which  is situate beneath  the
atlas  or  first  cervical  vertebra,   Chaussier has
given this  name to the  second pair of cervical
nerves.
  SUB-AXOJtDEUS,  Infra-axdideue, (F.) Soue-
axo'idien.   That which is below the  axis  or ver-
tebra  dentata.   Chaussier has given this name to
the third pair  of cervical  nerves.
  SUBBORAS NATRICUM,  Borax.
  SUBCARTILAGINEUM, Hypochondre.
  SUBCLA'VIAN, Subcla'vius, Subclavicula'ris,
from  sub,  ' under,' and clavis, ' the  clavicle.'
That  which is under the clavicle.
  Subclavian Arteries,  (F.) Arteres sous-ela-
viiree, are situate at the upper part of the chest,
and  the  lateral and  lower parts  of the neck.
The right arises at the corresponding side of the
trachea, and comes off from the arteria innomi-
nata or brachio-cephalic trunk.  The left  leaves
the aorta at the end of the arch.  Both extend
as far as the  superior surface of the first rib, in
the space between  the scaleni muscles, beyond
which they take  the name  axillary  arteries.
The  subclavian arteries  run, for some distance,
without sending off any branch.  In  the  neigh-
bourhood of the first rib, however, they give  off,
1.  Upwards, the vertebral and inferior thyroideal.
2.  Downwards, the  internal mammary and supe-
rior intercostal.  3.  Outwards, the transverse cer-
vical  or posterior acapular, the superior ecapular,
and the posterior cervical or profunda.
  Subclavian or Scbclavius  Muscle,  Subcla-
via'nue,  (F.)   Coeto-claviculaire (Ch.), Soue-cla-
vier, is situate at the superior and anterior part
of the chest.   It is attached,  by its inher extre-
mity, to  the superior  surface of the cartilage of
the first rib;  and  by its  superior margin and
outer extremity to the  inferior surface  of  the
clavicle.  This muscle depresses the clavicle, and
carries it forward.  When the  shoulder is fixed,
it can raise the first rib.
  Subclavian A eins, (F.) Veinee  sous-clavilres, 
SUBCLAVICULA
823
SUBMENTAL
 are continuations of the axillary, and extend from
 the inferior extremity of the scalenus anticus, in
 front of which they pass, to the vena cava supe-
 rior, which they form by their union.  The right
 subclavian vein  is very short; the left, longer
 and broader.  These veins receive the mouths of
 the internal and external jugulars,  vertebral and
 superior intercostal.  The left subclavian receives
 two veins  more than the right,—the left internal
 mammary and left inferior thyroid,  The thora-
 cic duct opens into the  left subclavian :—the cor-
 responding great lymphatic vessel into the right.
   SUBCLAA'IC'ULA, from  sub,  'under,' and
 claricula,  < the clavicle.'  The first  rib.   «
   SUBCLAAMCULARIS,  Subclavian.
   SUBOLAA'IUS, Subclavian muscle.
   SUBCRUEN'TUS, 'somewhat bloody;' from
 8i(6, and cruentus, 'bloody;' Hypha'mos.  That
 which has the colour and  nature of blood.  An
 epithet given to certain excreted substances, which
 are mixed with blood, or have the appearance of
 blood.
   SUBCRURjEI, see Crurasus.
   SUBCUTA'NEOUS, Subcuta'neue,  from enb,
 'under,' and cutis, 'the  skin;' Intercuta'neus, (F.)
 Soue-cutani.  That which  is placed immediately
 under the  skin.
   Subcutaneus  Colli, Superficialis  colli — s.
 Malas (Nervus), Orbitar nerve.
   SUBDELIRIUM, Typhoraania.
   SUB'DITA, Subditit"ia, from 8itbdere, 'to put
 under;' Proa'theta.   Medicines introduced into
 some one of the natural apertures; — as supposi-
 tories, pessaries,  Ac
   SUBDITITIA, Subdita.
   SUBDUCTIO, Dejection.
   SUBER, Cork:—the bark of the Quercua Suber
 or Cork Tree. (F.) Liige.   Family, Amentacea1.
 Sex.  Syat.  Moncecia Polyandria,   Cork,  when
 burnt,  is  applied  as  a mechanical  styptic  to
 bleeding pilts, Ac  Surgeons use it for making
 tents; and it has been  recommended to be worn
 as an amulet to suppress the secretion  of milk!
   SUBETH, Coma.
   SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA.  A  suture re-
 sulting from  the  articulation of the  os frontis
 with the nasal process of the superior maxillary
 bone, and the proper bones of the nose.
   SUBGRONDATION, Depression.
   SUBHUMERATIO, Catomismos.
   SUBIGATOR, Tribode.
   SUBINFLAM MATIO,  Subinflammation — s.
 Hepatis, Hepatitis, chronic
   SU BIN FL A M M A'T ION,  Subinflammo'Ho,
 from 8116, ' under,'  and  inflammatio.   Inflamma-
 tiun'cula,  Hypophlegma'eia.  A mild  degree  of
 inflammation, so  slight as  hardly to deserve  the
 name inflammation.  Broussais understood by the
 term, an augmentation in  the  vital phenomena
 of the vessels that convey white blood. Lym-
 phatic engorgements, scrofula, herpea, and cancer
 he considered suhinflammations.
   SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES,  from  siii,
 'under,' and intrare, 'to enter.'  Communican'tea
 febrea.   Fevers  primarily  intermittent, whose
 paroxysms approximate, so that one  paroxysm
 begins  before that which preceded it has gone
 through its stages. — L.  Bellini.
   SUBJECTIVE SENSATIONS, see Sensation.
   SUBJEE, Bansrue.
   SUBLIGACULUM.. Truss.
   SURLIGATURA. Truss.
   Sl'TBLIMAMENTUM. Enreorema.
   SUBLIMATE,  CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri
OXVinurias.
   SUBLIMA'TION,  Subllina'tio, Meteorie'mue,
Hyps.i'sis. from aublimo, ' I raise up.'  An opera-
tion by which dry and solid matters are volatilized
and condensed at the upper part of a subliming
apparatus.  Calomel, sal ammoniac, Ac, are com-
monly obtained by sublimation.  The product of
sublimation is a Sub'limate Sublima'tum, (F.) Sub-
limi.
   SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri
oxymurias.
   SUBLIME, Sublimis.
   SUBLIME, Enaeorema, Sublimate—s. Corro-
aif, Hydrargyri oxymurias.
   SUBLI'MIS,  (F.)  Sublime,  'high,  elevated,
superficial.'   Anatomists have given the name
sublimis to certain  muscles, which  are situate
more superficially than  their  kindred  muscles.
These last  they have called profundi.   Of the
former, the flexor aublimia  digitorum is  an ex-
ample.
   The French use  the term  'reapiration aublime'
for the  respiration which is accompanied by con-
siderable elevation of the ribs, and with  separa-
tion of  the alas nasi at the time of  inspiration.
   SUBLINGUA, Uvula.
   SUBLIN'GUAL,  Sublingno'lia,  (¥.)  Souelin-
guol, from eub, ' under,' and lingua, ' the tongue.'
That which is seated under the tongue.
   Sublingual Artery, with  some,  is the Lin-
gual.  With others,  it is a  branch given  off by
the  lingual opposite  the genio-glossus muscle.
which is distributed particularly to  the sublingual
gland, to the mylo-hyoid, and genio-glossus mus-
cles, Ac.
   Sublingual Gland,  Glan'dula  aublingua'Ua.
G. Bortholinio'no, G. Rivinia'na, is seated in the
substance of the inferior paries of the mouth, be-
neath  the anterior part of the tongue.   It  is
smaller than  the submaxillary, of which  it fre-
quently seems to be only a prolongation.  It  is
oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by
the mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth, beneath
which it projects.   This gland has 10 or 12 ex-
cretory ducts — Ductua  Rivinia'ni seu Walthe-
ria'ni—some of which open beneath  the frasnum
linguae, joining AVharton's  duct,  whilst  others
pierce the mucous membrane of the mouth sepa-
rately.  It has the same structure as  the parotid.
   SUBLINGUIUM. Uvula.
   SUBLINGUUM, Epiglottis.
   SUBLOB'ULAR,  Sublobula'ris;   from eub.
'under,' and  lobue,  'a  lobe.'   That  which  is
placed under a lobe.
   Sublobular Ateins of the Liver.  The veins
in which  the  intra-lobular veins terminate.  By
their union, the sublobular veins form the hepatic
veins.
   SUBLUXATIO, Sprain.
   SUBMAXILLARY, Submaxilla'ria,  Infra-
maxilla'ria,  (F.)  Sous -maxillaire,  from eub,
' under,' and maxilla, ' the jaw.'   That which  is
seated beneath the jaw.
   Submaxillary Ganglion is a  small nervous
ganglion,  situate opposite the gland.  It  seems
to be formed by the superior branch of the Vidian
nerve, and communicates with the  lingual nerve
of the inferior maxillary.  Its  filaments  form a
plexus which penetrates the  submaxillary gland.
   Submaxillary Gland. Max'illary  Gland, Hy-
pognath'aden,  is  a  salivary gland,  less  than the
parotid, seated at the inner side of the ramus and
body of the  inferior maxillary bone, in the trian-
gular space  between the two bellies of the digas-
tricus.  Irregularly ovoid, and flattened on three
surfaces, it has the same  aspect and organization
as the other salivary glands.  Its excretory duct
is  called Wharton's Duct, and  terminates at the
side of the framum linguas, by a -\ ery small orifice.
It  is alsn called Ductua inferior.
  SUBMEN'TAL,  Submenta'lis, (F.) Sousmental, 
SUBMERSION               824               SUBSULTUS
from sue, 'under,' and mentum, 'the chin.'   Situ-
ate under the chin.
  Submental Artery is furnished by the facial,
near the base of the jaw.  It passes forwards
along the attachment of the mylo-hyoideus, to
which it furnishes branches that.cross it to anas-
tomose with those ef the sublingual.   Near the
median  line it bifurcates, to be distributed to the
chin a ad muscles of the infra-hyoid region.
  Submental Vein, which accompanies the ar-
tery, opens into the labial.
  SUBMER'SION, Submer'eio, from ei(6, 'under,'
and mergere, mersum, ' to plunge.'  The act of
plunging, or being entirely plunged, in a liquid.
  As2)hyx'ia by submersion, Drowning, Asphyxia
Immerso'rum, is  not owing to a certain quantity
of liquid being introduced into the alimentary or
air-passages; but simply to the interception of
air, and of the  respiratory  phenomena.  It is a
case of suffocation, the signs  of which, on dis-
section,  are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial
evidence.
  SUBMISSIO, Remission—s. Cordis, Systole.
  SUBMU'COUS, Submuco'sus;  from  sub,
'under,' and mucus.  Under a  mucous  mem-
brane,— as the 'submucous areolar tissue.'
  SUBMURIAS  AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY-
RICUS, Hydrargyrum pnecipitatum.
  SUBAlUS'CULAR,.£i(6i7i!(8ci(<Vr!'s; from sub,
'under,' and muaculue,  'a  muscle.'  Seated be-
neath muscles or a muscular layer.
  SUBOCCIPTTAL, Suboccipito'lls;  from eub,
'under,' and occiput.   That which is situated
under the occiput.
  Suboccipital Nerve, Occipital nerve.
  SUBOR'BITAR, Suborbital!us, Infra-or'bitar,
Infra-orbita'lis, Infra-orbita'rius,  (F.) Sous-orbi-
taire, from  sub, 'under,'  and orbita, 'the  orbit.'
That which is seated beneath the orbitar cavity.
  Suborbitar Artery,  Infra-orbitar, A., pro-
ceeds from  the internal maxillary, from which it
separates near the anterior and superior part of
the zygomatic fossa.  It enters the infra-orbitar
canal, and  passes through it, giving branches to
the anterior and superior dental canal; issues by
the foramen infra-orbitarium ;  and divides, in the
fossa canina, into a  number of branches, which
lose themselves in the  neighbouring parts.   The
infra-orbitar vein follows the same course.
  Suborbitar Canal, Infra-orbitar Canal, (F.)
Canal ou Conduit aoii8-orbitaire, is a small canal,
which  runs obliquely through* the  substance of
the inferior paries of the orbit.  It begins, behind,
by a simple gutter, and  divides, anteriorly, into
two branches, one  of  which descends into the
anterior paries of the maxillary sinus, whilst the
other passes out, in  the  canine fossa, by an ori-
fice, called Foramen-infra-orbitarium, (F.) Trou
eone-orbitaire.  The infra-orbitar artery and nerve
pass along  it.
  Suborbitar  Fissure, Infra-orbitar Fiaaure,
Rima cana'lia orbita'rii, Fiaau'ra infra-orbito'lie.
A fissure in the superior maxillary bone; the su-
perior commencement of the suborbitar canal.
  Suborbitar Fossa, Canine fossa.
  Suborbitar  Nerves,  Infra-orbitar  Nervee,
seem to terminate the superior maxillary.   They
issue from  the infra-orbitar canal by the foramen
of the same name, and spread out in a radiated
manner in the fossa canina, to divide into euperior
or palpebral filaments, inferior or labial, internal
of nasal, and external or buccal.
  SUBPERITONE'AL, Subperitonea'lie;  from
»u'-, ' under,' and peritoneum.  That which lies
under the peritoneum.
   Subperitoneal Aponeurosis,  Fascia, subpe-
ritoneal— s. Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion.
  SUBPLACENTA, Decidua membrana.
  SUBPOPLTT/EUS, Poplitasus muscle.
  SUBPUBIC  ARCH,  ^rciis  subpu'bicus.  A
strong arch of tho superior  pelvic aponeurosis,
which completes the posterior orifice of  the ob-
turator or subpubic canal.
  Subpubic Membrane,  Obturator membrane.
  SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor  brevis
—s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostata1.
  SUBPUTRIS, Hyposaprus.
  SUBSCAPULAR,  Subscopula'ris, (F.)  Sotis-
acapulaire,  Soua-acapulo-trochinien,  from  eub,
' under,' and acapnia, ' the shoulder-blade.'  That
which is beneath the scapula.
  Subscapular  Fossa,  Foaaa Subscapula'ris.
A considerable excavation at the anterior surface
or venter of the scapula, in which the subscapu-
laris is seated.
  Subscapular Muscle, Subecapula'rie Muacle,
Immer'aua, Infra-scapula'ris, (F.)  Soua-acctpulo-
trochinien (Ch.), Porte-fenille, Muacle aous-scctpu-
laire.   A muscle  situate in the  above-mentioned
fossa.  It is  flat, broad, and triangular; is  at-
tached, by its base, to the subseapulary fossa and
to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine of the
scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tuberosity
of the humerus.  It carries the arm in rotation
inwards.   It can  also depress it, and bring it to-
wards the body.
  Subscap'ular  Nerves are  two  in  number.
One  arises from  the  brachial plexus above the
clavicle;  the other from the  posterior aspect of
the plexus within the axilla.  They are distri-
buted to the subscapularis muscle.
  SUBSE'ROUS, Subaero'aua; from eub,  'under,'
and eeroue.  Under a serous membrane, — as the
'eubaeroua areolar tissue.'
  SUBSIDENTIA, Sediment,
  SUBSTANCE EMAIL LEE DES DENTS,
Enamel of the teeth — s. Horny, see Tooth.
  SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytol^astema—s.
Intercellular, Cytoblastema—s.  Vitrie dea Denta,
Enamel of the teeth.
  Substance, White, of Schwann.  A  hollow
cylinder within the tubular nervous  fibre, which
differs in composition and refracting power from
the matter that occupies the centre of the tube.
  SUBSTANTIA ADAMANTINA DENTIUM,
Enamel — s.  Filamentosa dentium, Enamel — s.
Hyalina,  Cytoblastema — s. Ossea dentium,  see
Tooth—s. Ostoidea, see Tooth.
  Substantia Perfora'ta Me'dia.  AA'hen tha
pia mater has been removed  from the space be-
tween the  crura  cerebri  termed the intercru'ral
or interpeduncular, the surface appears cribriform
from  the  perforations of the numerous minute
vessels which penetrate it.  This is  the substan'tia
perfora'ta me'dia of Vicq d'Azyr.
  Substantia Pulposa Dentis, Dental pulp—s.
Rhomboidea,  Corpus  dentatum — s. Spongiosa
Urethras,  Corpus  spongiosum urethras—s. Vitrea
dentium, Enamel of the teeth — a. Vitrea, Cyto-
blastema.
  SUB'STANTIVE, SubstanW ins; from snbstare,
(aub and atore,) 'to stand under or subsist.'  An
epithet applied by Dr. Paris to aliments which
are nutritious, in contradistinction  to adjective
aliments,  which are themselves not possessed of
nutritive virtues, but impart to the  digestive or-
gans greater energy,  so as to enable them to ex-
tract more nutriment from  the substantive ali-
ments.    Meat, for  example,  is  a enbatantive
aliment:  the condiment, as  mustard, eaten with
it, an adject ire aliment.
  SUBSTILLUM, Stillicidium.
  SUBSULTIO,  Palpitation.
  SUBSUL'TUS  TEN'DINUM,  Saltus tcn'di-
num,  Clonus snlsnltus,  Subsultus,  Carpholog"ia
spasmod'ictt, Myopal'mus,  Twitching of the Ten- 
SUHSURDITAS
825
SUDAMINA
dons, (F.)  Soubreaaut, from  aubeilire, aubaultum,
(eub and aalire,) ' to make short leaps.'  Twitch-
ing, communicated  to the tendons  by the invo-
luntary  and .instantaneous  contraction  of the
muscular fibres.   It is  more observable  at the
wrist than elsewhere ;  and is an evidence of great
cerebral irritability, and debility, when it occurs
at an advanced period of fever.
  The muscular agitations or twitchings observed
in  febrile  diseases,  especially of children, have
been termed Convulaibil'itaa, Sclcrotyr'be febri'lie,
and Irritabil'ittta morbo'sa.
  SUBSURDITAS, Deafness.
  SUB'UBERES,  from eub, 'under,' and libera,
' the breasts.'  Infan'tes augen'tee, Sucking chil-
dren.  Infants at the breast, in contradistinction
to the Exu'beree, atroyaXaxrot, or those which have
been weaned.
  SUBUN'GUIAL, Subun'guical, (F.) Soua-un-
giale, from eub, 'under,' and unguie, 'a nail.' Be-
longing to parts under the nail; — as eubunguial
exoatoaie, (F.) Exoato8e 8oua-ungiole, an exostosis
under the nail of the great toe especially.
  SUBVERSIO  STOMACHI, Vomiturition.
   SUBVERTEBRA, Sacrum.
   SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum.
   SUBVOLA, Hypothenar.
  SUC, Succus—s. de Citron, see Citrus medica
— s. Gaatrique,  Gastric juice — s.  Midullaire,
Marrow — s. du Limon,  see Citrus medica.
  SUCCA'GO, from auccua, 'juice.'   The inspis-
sated juice of plants ;  robs, jellies, Ac.
  SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Succido'neum, Subatitu'-
tnm, Antibollom'enum,  Surroga'tum,  Antembal-
lom'enum,  Quid pro quo, from euccedere, (eub,
and cedere),  'to  go under, to come in place of
another.'  An  epithet for medicines that may be
substituted for others  possessing  similar pro-
perties.
  SUCCENTURIA'TUS, from euccenturiare (enb,
and centurio),  'to  supply a  soldier to fill a va-
cancy;' and hence, 'to  substitute or put  in the
room of.'  That which is a substitute for another;
as  Renes 8uccenturiati, Ventriculus euccenturia-
tue, Ac.
  SUCCIIAR,  Saccharum.
  SUCCIDANEUM, Succedaneum.
  SUCCLV, Succinum.
  SUCCINCTURA, Diaphragm.
  SUCCINCTUS, Diaphragm.
  SUCCINI RESINA, Musk, artificial.
  SUCCINTC ACID, Ac"idum Suc'cini, A. Suc-
cin'icum, Acor Succin'eue, Sal Succini, Sol volat'-
ile  Succini, has been  considered antispasmodic
and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty
grains.
  SUCCINUM, Elec'trnm, Ambra, Ambram,Am-
par, Bereni'ce, Amber, Yellow Amber, (F.) Succin,
Ambre jaune.   This substance, which is found on
the shores of the Baltic, is composed of a resinous
matter, of  essential  oil,  and an acid eui gencrie.
It is inodorous, except when  heated or rubbed;
insipid ; in fragments of a pale golden-yellow co-
lour ; transparent, and has a shining lustre. S. g.
1.08; insoluble in water, and  slightly acted on
by alcohol.  It is used for affording its essential
oil—the O'leum or Bal'samum Suc'cini, (F.) Huile
de Succin.   This oil possesses stimulant, antispas-
modic, diuretic and rubefacient properties.
  The O'leum Suc'cini rectifica'tum, Rectified Oil
of Amber, is made'as follows :—Oil of Amber, Oj ;
water, Ovj. Mix in a glass retort, and distil until
Oiv of the water have passed with the oil into the
receiver;  separate  the  oil from the water, and
keep it in well-stopped bottles.—(Ph. II. S.)
  The White amber, Leucelec'trum,  (F.)  Ambre
blanc, is a variety.
   Succinum Cinereum, Ambergris — s. Griseum,
Ambergris.
   SUCCION, Sucking.
   SUCCISA,  Scabiosa succisa—s. Pratensis, S.
SUCClSfl.
   SUCCOLATA, Chocolate.
   SUCCORY,  AVILD, Cichorium intybus, Chi-
ronia angularis.
   SUC'CUBUS,  from sub, and cubare,  'to lie.'
Some authors have used this word synonymously
with  nightmare.   Others mean by  it a female
phantom, with which a man in his sleep may be-
lieve he has intercourse ; — as  Incubus has been
applied to the male phantom, with which a female
may dream she is similarly situate.
   SUCCUS,  Chylus,  Opos, Opis'ma, Chylis'ma,
Ecchylo'ma, Apothlim'ma, Juice, (F.) Sue.  The
fluid obtained by pressing plants, flesh, Ac.; suc-
cus expree'eue.  It is, also, applied to certain ani-
mal fluids, as S. Gastricua, Ac.
   Succus Acacia Germanica Inspissatus, see
Prunus spinosa—s. Acacias nostratis, see Prunus
spinosa—s. Arborum, Sap — s.  Cicutas spissatus,
Extractum conii — s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpitium.
   Succus Enteu'icus, S. Inteatina'lia, Intea'final
Juice.   The fluid secreted from the lining  mem-
brane  of the small intestines.
   Succus Expressus, Apothlimma — s. Gastri-
cus, Gastric  juice — s. Glycyrrhiza?, Extractum
glycyrrhizas — s. Hypocistidis,  see Cytiuus — s.
Lntestinalis, Succus entericus — s. Japonicus, Ca-
techu— s. Limonis, see Citrus medica — s. Liqui-
ritias, Extractum  glycyrrhizas — s. Nerveus, Ner-
vous fluid — s. Nutritius, Chyle — s. Orni concre-
tus, see  Fraxinus  ornus — s. Pancreaticus, see
Pancreas — s. Spissatus Aconiti Napelli,  Extrac-
tum aconiti — s.  Spissatus  atropas  belladonnas,
Extractum belladonnas — s. Spissatus conii ma-
cula ti, Extractum cicutas — s. Spissatus  hyoscy-
ami nigri, Extractum hyoscyami — s. Spissatus
lactuca? sativas, Extractum lactuca?.
   SUCCUS'SION,  Hippocral'ic Succus'sion, Suc-
cus'sio, from succutio (sub, and quatio), 'I  shake
from beneath.'  A  mode of ascertaining the ex-
istence of a  fluid in the thorax, (fluctuation  by
succussion,) by giving the body one or more slight
shakes.
   Sucoussion, Ballottement.
   SUCHOR, Saccharum.
   SUCKING, Suc'tio, Suctit8, Athelx'ia, Bdalais,
Myze'aia,  (F.) Succion, from eugere, auctum, 'to
suck.'  The act of drawing liquid into the mouth,
by forming a vacuum with the tongue acting aa
a piston, during inspiration.
   Sucking Bottle.  A bottle so formed, that,
when filled with  milk, it can be sucked from in-
stead of the breast.
   Sucking Child, Loctens.   A suckling.
   SUCKLE, Lactare,yaXaxroTpotptiv,Ti§nipviiv,('E.)
Allaiter ou Alaiter.   To give suck.  To nurse.
   SUCKLING, Lactation,  Sucking child.
   SUCRE,  Saccharum — s.  Candi, Saccharum
candidum — s. de  Lait, Sugar of milk — s. de Sa-
turne, Plumbi superacetas.
   SUCTIO, Exsuctio, Sucking,
   SUCTION  POAVER.  The force exerted on
the blood in the veins, by the active dilatation
of the heart.   See Derivation.
   SUCTO'RIA, from eugo, 'I  suck.' Animals
provided with mouths for sucking.  Also, organs
for sucking or adhesion,—hence termed suctorial
— as '  euctorial oscula.'
   SUCTORIAL, see Suctoria.
   SUCTUS, Sucking.
   SUDAM'INA,  Hydro'ata,  Hidro'ta, Pap'ula
eudora'lce, Siiff'erau'ra,  Alha'aef, Planta  noe-
tic, Boa, from  sudor, 'sweat.'   Small vesicles, 
SUDARIUM
826
SUGAR
which appear upon the skin,  especially  in  the
summer  time, in  hot  countries,  and  in   dis-
eases attended with much sweating.  It is a mi-
liary eruption.  See Miliary fever.
  Sudamina, Desudatio, Echaubouluree,  Lichen
tropicus.
  SUDARIUM,  Achicolum.
  SUDATION, Hidrosis.
  SUDATORIA,  Hidrosis —s. Maligna, see Su-
dor Anglicus.
  SUDATORIUM, Achicolum.
  SUDOR,  Hidroe,  (F.)  Sueur, 'sweat.'   The
product of cutaneous  transpiration, when visible
on the surface of the  body.  It is colourless; of
an odour more or less strong and variable; and of
a saline taste.  It is composed, according to Ber-
zelius, of water, lactic acid, lactate of soda united
with a little animal matter, chloride of sodium,
and  a little chloride  of potassium, an  atom of
earthy phosphate, and some oxyd of iron.
  Sudor, Miliary fever.
  Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'oeoe,  Hidrop'yra,
Hidropyr'etoe, Febrie audato'ria, Milia'ris stida-
to'ria, Sudor milia'ris, Morbua sudatorius, Ephem'-
era malig'na, E. sudatoria, E. Briton'nica, Pestis
Britannica,  Sudato'ria malig'na, E.An'glicapes'-
tilena, Sweating  Sickneae, Sweating Fever,  (F.)
Suette, S. Miliare,  S. ipidimique, Sueur Anglaiae.
A very severe epidemic disease, characterized by-
profuse  sweating, which appeared in England in
1486 ; and recurred, at different times, until about
the middle  of the 16th century.  It was accom-
panied  with coldness,  excessive  prostration of
strength, palpitation, frequency and inequality
of the pulse, Ac, and terminated  favourably or
unfavourably in the  course of 24 hours.   The
French  have given the name Suette de Picar-
Die, Suette dea Picarda, Fievre euonte ;  Miliaria
eudatoria, Sudor Picard'icua, to an epidemic dis-
ease, which  has  appeared several  times in  that
province; the principal symptoms of.which were
profuse sweats and a miliary eruption.   The dis-
ease recurred in 1821, and has been described, at
length, by M. Rayer,  who considers it  to consist
of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various
tissues; and proposes to class it with variola,
scarlatina, and measles.
  Sudor Colliquativus, S. Profusus.
  Sudor Cruen'tus, S. sanguin'eus, Hamatidro'-
eie, Hamathidro'sis, Epidro'eie cruen'ta, Hamor-
rhag"ia  per Cutem,  (F.) Himatidro8e, Sueur de
Sang; Sweating of blood,  Bloody aweat, Hem-
orrhage from the akin.  Cutaneous perspiration
intermixed  with blood: — a very uncommon af-
fection.
  Sudor Dulcis, Saccharorrhce'a cuta'nea, Ephi-
dro'sis sacchara'ta.   A discharge  of saccharine
matter by perspiration.
  Sudor Localis,  Meridrosis—s.  Miliaris, Mili-
ary fever, Sudor Anglicus—s. Partialis, Meridrosis.
  Sudor Perfu'sus,  S. Colliquati'vus.  A  pro-
fuse or immoderate sweat.
  Sudor Sanguineus, Sudor cruentus — s. Uni-
versalis, Panhidrosis.
  SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific.
  SUDORIF'EROUS, Sudor'ifer, Hydroph'orus,
from sudor, ' sweat,' and fero, ' I carry.'  That
which carries sweat, as the eudoriferoue duets or
glands.
  SUDORIFTC, Sudorif'icum, Sudor'ifer, Hi-
drot'icum, Hydrote'rium, Hydrotopoe'um, Hidro-
poet'icum,  from eudor,  'sweat,' and  facio, 'I
make.'   A  medicine  which provokes  sweating.
See Diaphoretic
  Four Sudorific Woods, Quat'uor Ugna eudo-
rifica, were, formerly, guaiacum, perfumed cherry,
sarsaparilla, and aaesafrae.
  SUDORIPAROUS, see Perspiration.
  SUDORIS NULLITAS,  Anidrosis — s. Pri-
vatio, Anidrosis — s. Suppression Ischidrosis.
  SUET, Sevum.
  SUETTE, Sudor Anglicus — «. Epidimique,
Sudor Anglicus — s. Milioire, Sudor Anglicus —
s. de Picardic, Sudor picardicus—s. des Picarda,
Sudor picardicus.
  SUEUR,  Sudor—s. Anglaise, Sudor Anglicus
— 8. d'Expression, Expression, sweat of—e. de
Sang, Diapedesis, Sudor cruentus.
  SUFFERSUR.E, Sudamina.
  SUFFIMEN, Suffimentum.
  SUFFIMENT'UM, Hypocapnia'ma, Suffi'men,
Thymi'ama, Suffi'tue, Suffumiga'tio, Suffumiga'-
tion, (F.) Parfum. A perfume; suffumige; fumi-
gation.
  SUFFITIO, Fumigation.
  SUFFITUS,  Fumigation, Suffimentum.
  SUFFLATIO, Puffiness.
  SUFFOCATIO, Suffocation, Orthopncea—s.
Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis—s. Hysterica,
Angone — s. Stridula,  Cynanche  trachealis — s.
Uterina, Angone.
  SUFFOCA'TION,  Suffoca'tio,  Prafoca'tio,
Apopnix'is,  Asphyx'ia,' Melona'ma,  from  eub,
'under,' and focus, 'a  fire-place.'   Death, or
suspended animation  from impeded respiration,
whether caused by the inhalation of noxious gases,
drowning, hanging, strangling, or smothering.  The
principal morbid  appearances in such cases are:
—the lungs  of a deep-blue colour, with the blood
extravasated in the air-cells ; right auricle  and
ventricle filled  with dark blood,  as well as the
neighbouring veins; lividity of the countenance,
turgescence, and, perhaps, rupture of the vessels
of the brain.
  Treatment of snapended animation by auffocation
in general.  The  patient must be conveyed into
a room not too warm.  Blood-letting must be
used, if at all,  with caution ; — friction must be
employed with salt, or warm flannels ; stimulating
fluids, in  a  dilute state, be poured into  the sto-
mach by means of a tube, and attempts be made
to inflate the lungs.  Laryngotomy, if necessary.
  Suffocation, Pnigopho'bia, (F.) Etouffement,
is used for  threatened  suffocation, as etrangling
is.   It  means the state of dyspnoea and  oppres-
sion experienced  when a sufficient quantity of air
does not enter the lungs, or when the chemical
phenomena  of  respiration are imperfectly exe-
cuted ;  as in cases of asthma,
  SUFFOCATION UTERINE, Hysteria.
  SUFFRAGO, Poples.
  SUFFUMIGATION, Suffimentum.
  SUFFUMIGE. Suffimentum.
  SUFFUMIGIUM, Fumigation.
  SUFFUMINATIO, Fumigation.
  SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia—s.  Auriginosa,
Icterus—s.  Bilis, Icterus—s. Colorans, Chromop-
sia—s.  Dimidians, Hemiopia—s. Exclarans, Oxy-
opia— s. Fellis,  Icterus — s. Lentis crystallinas,
Cataract—s. Metamorphosis, Metamorphopsia—
s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia — s. My odes, Meta-
morphopsia—s. Nigra, Amaurosis — s. Oculi, Ca-
taract,  Pseudoblepsia — s. Oculorum, Metamor-
phopsia — s. Radians, Scotasma — s. Sanguinis,
Ecchymoma.
   SUGAR,  Saccharum — s. Barley, Penidium —
s. Candy, Saccharum  candidum — s. Cane, see
Saccharum—s. Diabetic,  Glucose—s. Fruit, Glu-
cose— s. Grape,  Glucose — s. Honey, Glucose —
s. of Lead, Plumbi superacetas.
   Sugar OF Milk, Sac'charum lactia, Goloc'to-
sac'charum, Lactine, (F.) Sucre de  Lait, is ob-
tained  from whey  by  evaporation and crystalli-
zation.  It  possesses the demulcent properties of
the sugars. 
SUGARBERRY              827               SULPHURIC
    Sugar, Pine, see Arrowroot —s. Starch, Glu-
  cose.
    Si-i;Arts, A'arious, see Saccharum.
    SUGARBERRY, CeltU occidental!.*.
    SIOCILLA'TION, Sttgilla'tio, Lnor, Sugilla-
  tion, (Ede'ma cruentum; a bruise; from eugitlare,
  'to give  a  black eye.'  By most  authors used
  synonymously with ecchymosis and ecch vinoma.
  It is, also, applied to the  spots, or ecchymoses
  which occur  in consequence of intrinsic causes,__
  in disease and in incipient putrefaction.   It is
  common in dead bodies.  To this last  case  it is,
  indeed, restricted  by some medico-legal writers;
  and  an interesting question sometimes arises :__
  AVhcther the appearance have been induced be-
  fore death or afterwards ?   AVhether it be a case
  of ecchymosis or of suggillation ?   In the former,
  the extravasatecl blood will usually be coagulated;
  not so in the latter.   It is  often, however,  diffi-
  cult to form a correct judgment without reference
  to the history of the case.
    SUGG1U N'DIUM, perhaps  from  suggredi,
  'to go under.'  The eave of a house.
    Sugghundium  Oculi, Superciliary  arch — a.
  Supcrciliorutn, Frontal protuberance.
    SUIC1DA, Autochir.
    SUICIDAL INSANITY, Suicide.
    SUTCIDE, Sulci'dium : from sui  cades, 'mur-
  der of one's self.'  The act of killing one's self.
  Autochi'ria, Autocton'ia, Idiocton'ia, Autophon'ia.
  Suicide  is very frequently  the result of disease
  of the mind;  the individual seeming, at times, to
  be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction. — Me-
  laucho'lia Suicid'ium, 31. autochi'ria,  Suici'dal
  Insanity.  Also, one who commits self-murder.
   SUIE, Fuligo.
   SUIF, Sevum.
   SUITES DE  COUCHES, Lochia.
   SULCATUS, Canneli, Grooved.
   SULCULUS  LABII  SUPERIORIS, Lacuna
 Labii superioris.
   SULCUS,  Semicana'lis,  Semicanalic'ulus.  A
 furrow.   A groove.   (F.)  Sillon.   Anatomists
 have given this name to grooves on the  surface
 of bones and  other organs.
   French writers on anatomy often use the term
 Sillona for the grooves which lodge  the arteries
 and creep on the surface of bones ;  whilst those
 that receive veins are  called gouttierea,  ' gutters.'
 Also, the vulva.
   Sulcus Antero-posterior Jecoris,  see Liver
 —s. Labii superioris, Lacuna Labii superioris.
   Sulcus, Lat'eral, ante'rior, op the Spinal
 Marrow.  A  mere trace on the marrow, marked
 only by the attachment of the filaments of the
 anterior roots  of the spinal nerves.
   Sulcus, Lateral, posterior, of  the Spinal
 Marrow, corresponds with the attachment of the
 posterior roots of the spinal nerves.
   Sulcus Transversalis, see Liver—s. Umbi-
 licalis, see Liver.
   SULFATE  D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonias
 sulphas.
   SULFIDUM CARBONII, Carbonis sulphure-
 tum.
   SULFUR, Sulphur.
   SULFURE DE CARBON, Carbonis sulphu-
 retum.                                         !
   SULPHAS  ALUMINARIS, Alumen—s. Am-  1
 moniacas  Cupratus, Cuprum ammoniatum — s.
 Caduiicus, Cadmii Sulphas — s. Kalico-alumini-
 cum, Alumen—s.  Natricus, Soda, sulphate of—s.  '
 Zineicum, Zinci sulphas.                        <
   SULPHUR, Sulfur, Scorith, Thei'on, Thion,  ,
 Arcrich,  Terra folia'ta, Fiimu8 cit'rinua, Aq'uila,  t
Brimstone, (F.) Soufre.  The A'atire Sulphur is  •
called Rock Sulphur,  Sulphur victim, Ac   Sul-  i
phur, as we meet  with it, is in rolls, Sulphur in  i
  rot'ulia,  S. rotun'dum, Roll Brimstone.  It ]*  a
  volcanic  production, and  is  obtained, in lar»e
  quantities, from Solfatara, in Italy.  Roll Sulphur
  is impure sulphur, melted, and run into moulds.
  It is unpleasantly odorous, when  heated or rub-
  bed ; jnsipid;  solid, and  brittle.   S. g. 1.99.
  Fusible  at 226°; volatiluable by heat, and con-
  densing  unchanged.
    Sulphur Antimoniatum, Antimonii sulphure-
  tum prascipitatum—s. Carburet of, Carbonis sul-
  phuretum—s. Chloratum, Sulphur, Chloride of.
    Sulphur,Chloride of, Sul'phtiria Chlo'ridum,
  Sul'phnria Dichlo'ridnm, Diehlo'ride of Sulphur,
  Protoch/o'ride of Sulphur, Hypochlo'ride of Sul-
  phur, Snbchlo'ride of Sulphur, Sulphur cjilora'-
  i«?7i, Hypochlore'turn  anlphuro'anm, Biaulph'uret
  of Chlorine, Chlorum hyperaulphuro'tum,  is ob-
  tained by passing dry chlorine gaa over washed
  and dried flowers of aulphur,  until they are for
  the most part  dissolved, and  distilling the de-
  canted fluid from  the excess of dissolved sulphur.
  One drachm of the liquid to an ounce of lard has
 been used in lepra,  psoriasis,  and other chronic
 cutaneous  diseases.   Ten   drops,  dissolved in
 ether, have been given in adynamic fever.
   Sulphur, Dichlorioe of,  Sulphur, chloride
 of— s. Hypochloride of, Sulphur, chloride of—s.
 Iodatum, Sulphuris iodidum — s. Iodide of, Sul-
 phuris  iodidum—s. Ioduret of, Sulphuris iodidum
 — s.  Liver of, Potassas sulphuretum.
   Sulphur Lotum, Sulphur aub/imo'tnm  lotum,
  Waahed  Sulphur, Magiate'rium  Su/ph'nria, Sul-
 phuria Flores  loti, is prepared by  pouring boil-
 ing water on sublimed  sulphur, so  as to wash
 away any acid it may contain, and then  drying it.
   Sulphur Pracipita'tum, Lac Sulph'uris, Milk
 of Sulphur, Precip'itated  Sulphur, (F.)  Crime de
 Soufre, is prepared by boiling  sublimed sulphur
 and lime  together, and adding muriatic acid to
 precipitate the sulphur.
   Sulphur, Protochloride of, Sulphur, chlo-
 ride of—s. Subchloride of, Sulphur, chloride of.
   Sulphur Sublima'tum, Sulphur,  (Ph. U. S.)
 Sublimed  Sulphur,  Flowers  of Sulphur,  (F.)
 Soufre  sublimi,  Fletirs de Soufre. is the sulphur
 of commerce, sublimed in close vessels.
   Sulphur  is possessed  of stimulant,  laxative,
 and diaphoretic properties.  As a laxative, it ia
 used in hemorrhoidal and other affections. In the
 itch, applied externally and taken  internally, it
 has been  considered as a specific (?), and it is a
 valuable remedy in most cutaneous affections that
 are local.   Dose, gss to sj'j-
   The fasces or dregs, left in the purification or
 sublimation of  sulphur, are called  Horse Brim-
 stone, Drege oj  Sulphur vivum,  Sulphur caballi'-
 JinrTi,  S. vivum, Sulphuris vivi recremen'ta.   They
 are very impure, and  are only used  externally.
   Sulphur, Vegetable,  Lycopodium—s. AVort,
 Peueedanum.
   SULPHURATUS,  Sulphureous, Sulphurated.
   SULPHU'REOUS,  Sulphuro'aua, Sutyhu'riua,
 Sulphura'tue, Sulph'uretted.   Possessing the pro-
 perties of, or relating  to, or containing sulphur.
   SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous — s. Hydro-
 gen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
   SULPHURETUM AMMONIAOE, Ammonias
 sulphuretum—s. Ammonias hydrogenatum, Liquor
 fumans  Boylii—s. Kalicum, Potassas sulphuretum
 —s. Lixivias, Potassas sulphuretum.
   SULPH'URIC ACID,  Ac"idum Sulphu'ricum
 vel Sulfuricum,  Oleum Vitrio'U, Spir'itua Vitri-
 oli, S. v. fortia, Acidum vitriol'icum, Oil of Vitriol,
 Spirit of Vitriol, Vitriol'ie Acid, Acidum Vitrioli
 dcphlogistlca'tum,  Acor Sulphuris,  (F.) Acide
 Sulphiirique ou  Sulfurique.  Sulphuric acid is
inodorous; has a strong acid taste, and  is corro-
sive.  S. g. 1.S45 (Ph. U.  S.)   It is escharotic, 
SULPHURIS                823          SUPERFCECUNDATIO
stimulant, and rubefacient.-  Mixed with lard, it is
sometimes used in local pains, and certain cuta-
neous affections.
  Sulphuric Acid,Aromat'ic, Ac"idum Sulphu'-
ricum Aromat'icum, A. vitriol'icum aromat'icum,
A. vitriolicum alcoho'le aromaticum, Elixir vitri-
o'li, E. v. aromaticum,  E.  vitrioli Mynsich'ti, E.
vitrioli Edinburgen'eium, E. vitrioli cum tinctu'rd
aromaticd,  E. vitrioli dulce seu acido-oromat'i-
cum,  Alcohol cum  aromat'ibue  sulphurica'tus,
Tinctu'ra acidi eulphurici, is formed of eulphuric
acid,  f^iijss;  ginger, bruised, ^j;  cinnamon,
bruised,  ^iss; Alcohol, Oij. — Ph. U. S.  Dose,
gtt. x to  xxx.
  Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ac"idum Sulphu'-
ricum  Dilu'tum,  Acidum   vitriol'icum  dilutum,
Elixir of Vitriol, Elixir vitrio'li, Spir'itus vitri-
o'li ac"idus  Vogle'ri, (F.)  Acide eulfurique di-
layi, is formed, according  to  the Pharmacopoeia
of the United States, by adding aq. destillat.
f^xij, to crei'c£. sulph. f^j.   It is tonic, astringent,
and refrigerant.  Dose, gtt. x to xx,  largely di-
luted.  AVhen used  as a  gargle, half a drachm
may be added to  5|vj of water.
  Very dilute sulphuric acid was formerly termed
Phlegma vitrioli.
  SULPHURIS  CHLORIDUM, Sulphur, chlo-
ride of—s. Dichloridum, Sulphur, chloride of.
  Sulph'uris Io'didum, S. fodure'tum, Sulphur
Ioda'tum, Ioduret or I'odide of Sulphur, (F.) Sou-
fre Ioduri, lodure de Soufre.   It is thus directed
to be prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia of  the
U.S.  (Iodin. ^iv; sulphur, ^j.)  Rub the iodine
and sulphur together  in  a glass, porcelain, or
marble mortar, until they are thoroughly mixed.
Put the  mixture  into a matrass, close the orifice
loosely,  and  apply a gentle heat, so as to darken
the mass without melting  it.   When  the  colour
has become uniformly  dark throughout, increase
the heat so  as to melt the iodide; then incline
the matrass in different directions, in order to re-
turn into the mass any portions of iodine which
may have condensed on the inner surface of the
vessel: lastly, allow the  matrass  to  cool, break
it, and put the iodide into bottles, which are to
be well stopped.
   SULPHURIUS, Sulphureous.
   SULPHUROSUS, Sulphureous.
   SULPHUROUS,  Sulphureous.
   Sul'phurous  Acid, Ac'idum  eulphuroe'icum.,
 A. sulph'uris volat'ile, A.  Sulphuro'sum vel  Sul-
furoaum, Spir'itua aulphuria, Spiritua aulphuro'-
su8 volat'ilis, Sp. sulphuria per campa'nam,  Sp.
vitrio'li  phlogistica'tus, Gaa sulphuria, (F.) Acide
Sulfureux, Air Acide  Vitriolique.  Obtained by
treating mercury with concentrated sulphuric
acid, or by  burning sulphur.   It  is sometimes
used in  the  gaseous,— at others, in  the liquid
state.  Sulphurous  acid gas is used to disinfect
cloths, confined air, letters coming from infected
places, Ac  It is also exhibited, with great suc-
cess, in  the form of fumigation, in the treatment
 of certain chronic cutaneoous  affections, and of
 Bciatic and rheumatic pains in general.  If re-
 spired pure, it acts in  the  manner of  violent irri-
tants ; and is not long in  producing death.
   SULTZMALT,  MINERAL WATERS   OF.
 Sultzmalt is a village  in  the department of the
 Upper Rhine; where are several sources of cold,
 acidulous waters, which seem to contain carbonic
 acid, subcarbonate of soda, subcarbonate of lime,
 sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen.  They are
 refrigerant, aperient, and  alterative.
   SUMAC DES CORROYEURS, Rhus coria-
 l-ia—s. Vinineux, Rhus toxicodendron.
   SUMACH, Rhus  coriaria.
   SUMBUL.  The  name of  a  root, Sum'buli ra-
. dix,  Jatamansi, Musk-root, presumed to  belong
to the Umbelliferas  family, much employed in
Russia and Germany against  cholera.   Its exact
botanical history is not determined.  It contains
a strongly odorous principle  like that  of musk;
and is regarded as an antispasmodic
  SUMBULI RADIX, Suuibul root.
  SUM EN, Hypogastrium.
  SUMMER  COMPLAINT.   A popular name
in the United States, for diarrhoea occurring in
summer.  It is often, also, made to include dy-
sentery and  cholera infantum.   AVith some  it
means cholera infantum only.
  Summer Diseases, see Estival — s.  Rash, Li-
chen  tropicus.
  SUM MIT AS CUTIS, Epidermis.
  SUMMUS HUMERUS, Acromion.
  SUNBURN, Ephelides —s. Dew,  Drosera ro-
tundifolia—s. Flower, false, Helenium autumnale
— s.  Flower,'swamp, Helenium  autumnale — s.
Flower,  tickweed, Coreopsis trichosperma — s.
Flower,  turpentine,  Silphium  perfoliatum — s.
Pain,  see  Hemicrania — s.  Rash,  Lichen — s.
Stroke, Coup de  Soleil — S.Egyptian, Coup de
Soleil.
   SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm.
   SUPELLEX ANATOMICA, Museum  anato-
micum—s. Diogenis, Palm.
   SUPER.  A common Latin prefix;  in compo-
sition, signifying ' above.'
   SUPERB US, Rectus superior oculi.
   SUPERCHLORIDUM   FORMYLICUM,
Chloroform.
   SUPERCILIARIS, Corrugator supercilii.
   SUPERCIL'IARY, Supercilia'ris, from silver,
' above,' and cilium, ' the edge of the eyelid.'
That which relates to the supercilia or eyebrows.
(F.) Sourcilier ou Surcilier.
   Supercil'iary Arches, Superciliary Ridges,
Arcus supercilia'res, Suggrun'dia oculo'ruin, (F.)
Arcades sourcilieres, are two slightly  projecting
apophyses, situate at the anterior surface of the
os frontis, above  the superior margin  of the or-
bits.   They are separated by the nasal bosse, and
covered by  the  superciliaris muscle,  to  which
they give attachment.
   Superciliary Ridges, Superciliary arches.
   SUPERCIL'IUM, Ophrys,  Oph'rya, Vallum,
 (F.)  Sourcil.   Same etymon.   The eyebrows are
 two arched eminences,—convex above, and more
 or less prominent, according to the individual,—
 which lie on the superciliary arch of the os fron-
 tis, above  the eyelids, and extend from the sides
 of the root of the nose to the temple;  Their in-
 ner extremity or head  is more prominent  than
 the  outer or tail.  The  eyebrows  are covered
 with short and stiff hairs, which are directed, ob-
 liquely, from within outwards, and  are, com-
 monly, of the colour of the hair.   The skin  in
 which these hairs are implanted, rests on the or-
 bicularis palpebrarum, frontalis, and supercilia-
 ris muscles, which move the eyebrows in differ-
 ent directions.  The eyebrows serve as an orna-
 ment to  the countenance; and  by covering the
 eye defend it from  the impression of  too strong
 a light.   They direct the perspiration also from
 the  eye.
   Supercilium  Acetab'uli.  The edge  of the
 cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum.
   SUPERCONCEPTION, see Superfoetation.
   SUPEREA'ACUATIO, Hypercrisis.
   SUPERFECUNDATION, see Superfoetation.
   SUPERFICIA'LIS  COLLI, Subcuta'neus
 Colli.   A nerve  formed  by communicating
 branches  from the  second and third  cervical
 nerves.   It is distributed to the superficial  parts
 of the neck.
   SUPERFICIES  PLANTARIS PEDIS, Sole
   SUPERFO3CUNDATI0,  Superfoetation. 
SUPERFCETATIO
829
SUPRA-PUBIAN
  SUPERF03TATT0, Superfclation.
  SUPERFraTA'TION, Sup,,f eta'tio, Epicye'-
818, Hypercye'eis, Superiinpragnci'tio,  Epig'one,
Superfucunilti'tio, Superfecunda'tion,  Superim-
prcgna'tion, from si^er, 'upon,' and fcetare, 'to
bring forth young.'   Conception of a foetus—epi-
cye'ma—in a uterus which already contains  one.
The impregnation of a female already  pregnant.
The possibility of this has been denied ; but there
is abundant evidence  to show, that it is possible
at a very early period of pregnancy.  Twin cases
may be of this  kind of euperconception.
  SUPERCEMINALIS, Epididymis.
  SUPEKG ENUALIS, Patella.
  SUPERHUMERALE, Epomis.
  SUPERIMPR.EGNATIO, Superfoetation.
  SUPERIOR  AURIS, Attollens aurem—s. Ro-
tundus clitoridis, Ischio-cavernous.
  SUPERLABIA, Clitoris.
  SUPERLIGAMEN, Epidesmus.
  SUPERLIGULA, Epiglottis.
  SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus—s.
Splenis, Splenoncus.
  SUPEROXALAS   KALICUM,  Potass, oxa-
late of.
  SUPERPURGATIO, Hypercatharsis.
  SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinatus—s. In-
ferior, Infra-spinatus.
  SUP IN AT EUR  COURT ou PETIT, Supi-
nator radii brevis — e. Grand ou long, Supinator
radii longus.
  SUPINA'TION, Supina'tio, from eupintie,  'ly-
ing on the back.'   The movement  in which  the
forearm and hand are  carried outwards, so  that
the anterior surface of the latter becomes superior.
   In Pathology, Supination, Supinatio,  Hyptias'-
ma, Hyptias'mus, means the horizontal position
on the back, with the  head thrown  back, and the
legs and arms extended.  It is often a sign of
great weakness  in disease.
  SUPINA'TOR.  Same etymon.   That  which
produces supination.   A name given to  two mus-
cles of the forearm.
  Supinator Brevis seu Minor, Supinator radii
brevis — s. Longus seu major, Supinator radii
longus.
  Supinator Radii Brevis, S. brevis seu  minor,
(F.)  Epicondylo-radial (Ch.),  Supinateur court
ou petit supinateur.  A muscle,  seated at   the
outer and back  part of the forearm.  It is  flat-
tened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in such
a manner that it embraces the superior extremity
of the radius.   It is attached, on the one  hand,
to the external tuberosity of the humerus, and to
a small portion of the posterior  surface  of  the
ulna,  and is inserted into the upper third  of the
outer and upper surfaces of the radius.  It  pro-
duces, by contracting, the  motion of supina-
tion.
  Supinator Radii Longus, S. longue sive  major,
Bra'chio-radia'lis, (F.) Humiro-sua-radial (Ch.),
Long ou grand  supinateur, is seated at  the ante-
rior and outer part of the forearm.  It arises from
the inferior part of the outer edge of the os
humeri,  and from  the external  intermuscular
aponeurosis; and is  inserted, by a long tendon,
into the outer edge of the radius, near the base
of the styloid process.  It causes the supination
of the forearm, which it can likewise bend  on the
arm.
  SUPPEDANEA, Hypopodia.
  SUPPLANTALIA. llypopodia.
  SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Epiploic  ap-
pendages.
  SUPPLEMENTARY AIR. see Respiration.
  SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL.  Belt, Russian
—s. Utero-Abdominal, see Belt, Russian.
  SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, pre-
tended.
  SUPPOSITORIUM,  Suppository — s. Uteri-
num, Pessary.
  SUPPOSTTORAr, Suppoeito'rium, I I,, path'-
eton, Bacil'lue,  Balanis'mua,  Bid'anus, Glaus,
from eupponere, (8iib, and ponere, 'to put,') 'to
put under.'  Any solid medicine, in the form of a
cone or cylinder, intended to be introduced  into
the rectum ;—either for the purpose of favouring
intestinal evacuations, or to act as an anodyne.
Purgative suppositories are made of  soap, aloes,
or any other irritating substance.
  SUPPRESSIO  ALVI, Constipation —s. Lo-
chiorum, Ischolochia—s. Lotii,  Ischuria—s. Men-
sium, Amenorrhoea — s.  Menstruationis, Amen-
orrhoea—s. Sudoris, Ischidrosis.
  SUPPRESSION DU FLUX  MENSTRU-
EL, Amenorrhoea—s. de Part, see Parturition—
8. d'Urine, Ischuria.
  SUPPURANS, Suppurative.
  SUPPURA'TION, Suppitra'tio, Ecpye'ma, Pu-
rulen'tia,  Pyo'eis,  Pye'sis,  Diapye'ma. Diapye'-
sis, Pyogen'ia  simplex,  Pu'rulence,  Pu'rulency,
(F.) Aboutiseement.  Formation  or  secretion of
pus, (see,  also Pyogenia,) from eub, 'under,' and
pue.  It is a frequent termination of inflamma-
tion, and may occur in almost  any of the tissues.
This termination is announced by slight chills ;
by remission of the pain, which, from being  lan-
cinating, becomes  heavy; by a sense of weight
in the  part, and,  when the  collection  of pus
can be  easily felt,  by fluctuation.   AVhen pus is
thus formed in the areolar membrane, and is col-
lected  in one or more cavities, it constitutes an
abaceee.  If it be formed from  a surface exposed
to the air, it is an ulcer:  and such ulcers we are
in the habit of establishing artificially in certain
cases of disease.
  SUP'PURATIVE, Suppu'rane, Suppurati'vue,
Diapye'ticue, Ecpyo'ticue,  Ecpyiacon'tua.   That
which facilitates suppuration.   Suppuratives are,
generally, vesicants mixed with lard.
  SUPRA.  A  common Latin  prefix  : in compo-
sition, signifying ' above.'
  SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'ree   Coata'rum,
(F.) Sur-co8taux, from supra, 'above,' and coato,
' a rib.'   A  name  given  to twelve small, fleshy
fasciculi, which are flattened, triangular, and with
radiating fibres.  They pass from the transverse
processes of the dorsal vertebras  to the superior
margin  of the  rib beneath.  Spigelius, Cowper,
Boyer,  Chaussier,  and others  consider them to
form part of the intercqstales externi.
  SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA,  see   Somatody-
mia—s. et Infra-omphalodymia, see  Somatody-
mia.
  SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Supro-orbita'lie, Supra-
orbita'riua, (F.) Sua-orbitaire,from eupra, 'above,'
and  orbita, ' the orbit.'  That which is situate
above the orbit.
  Supra-Or'bitar Fora'men, Fora'men Supra-
orbita'rium, F.  orbitarium eupe'rius, (F.)  Trou
eii8-orbitaire ou orbitaire eupirienr, is a foramen
or notch completed by a ligament at the inner
third of the orbitar arch.  It gives passage to the
aupra-orbitar or superciliary artery, a branch of
the ophthalmic, which ascends the forehead, and
is distributed thereto.
  SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Supra-pubic,   Supra-pu-
bia'nua, from supra, and pubes.   That which ia
seated  above the pubis.
  Supra-Pubian Nerve, (F.) Nerf sue-pubien,
is  the  internal  ramus of the  inguino-eutaneous
branch of the first lumbar nerve.  It is the genito-
crural branch of Bichat.  It descends almost  ver-
tically  before the  psoas  muscle; and, near fhe
crural  arch, divides into two branches.  One of 
SUPRA-RENAL
830
SI'S-CARPIEN
these accompanies the  spermatic  cord, and is
distributed to the cremaster, scrotum, and inte-
guments on. the inner part of the  thigh.  The
other issues from the pelvis with the femoral fila-
ments ;  traverses  the aponeurosis of the thigh,
and is distributed to the integuments of the upper
and anterior part of the  limb.
  SUPRA-RE'NAL,  Supra-rena'lia, (F.) Surri-
nol, from  eupra, 'above,' and ren,  'the kidney.'
Seated above the kidney—as the eupra-renal cap-
sule.
  SUPRA-SCAPULAR; Supra-acapula'rie; from
supra, ' above,' and scapula.  Seated above the
scapula; — as
  Supra-scapular  Nerve.  This  arises from
the fifth cervical; passes through the supra-sca-
pular notch, and  is distributed to the supra-spi-
natus and infra-spinatus muscles.
  SUPRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-scapular,  and
Supraspinatus muscle.
  SUPRA- SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis
oris.
  SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-epino'eus,  (F.)
Snr-ipineux, Sus-ipineux, from eupra, and epina.
That which is seated above the spine.
  Supra-Spinata Fossa, (F.) Foeae aua-ipineuae,
is a triangular depression above the spine  of the
scapula.
  Supra-Spinatus  Muscle,  Super-ecapula'ria,
Supra-aeapularia, ( F. ) Sue-epino-ecopulo-tro-
chitirien, Petit aua-acapulo-trochitirien (Ch.),  is
situate  in the fossa  supra-spinata.  It is elon-
gated, thick, and triangular, and is attached, on-
the one hand, to the  two inner thirds of the fossa
supra-spinata; and terminates, on the other,  at
the  anterior part of the great tuberosity of the
humerus.  This muscle raises the arm.
  Supra-Spino'sa  Ligamen'ta,  Supra-spinal
lig'amenta, are two in  number.  1.  The Dorao-
lumbo-aupra-apinal ligament, (F.) Ligament  eur-
ipineux dorso-lombaire, extending above the spi-
nous processes of the dorsal and lumbar vertebras
from the 7th cervical as far as the  median crista
of the sacrum.  2. Cervical-eupra-ipinal ligament,
(F.)  Ligament-eur-ipineux  cervical, which ex-
tends above all  the  cervical  spinous processes,
and is attached, above, to the outer occipital  pro-
tuberance.
  SUR,  Supra.   A  French  prefix, signifying
' above.'
  SURA, Gaetrocne'me,  Gaetrocne'mia,  Gaetroc-
ne'mium; calf of the leg, (F.) Mollet,  Grae  de
Jambe.  The projection, formed at  the posterior
part  of the leg by  the gastrocnemii  muscles.
Also, the fibula,.
  SURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii,  Superci-
liary.
  SUROOSTAUX,  Supracostales.
  SURCULI FELLEI, Pori biliarii.
  SURCULUS, Ramusculus.
  SURDE.VT(F.),  eupra, 'above,' and dens,  'a
tooth.'  When a milk-tooth does not fall out  at
the period of the second dentition, but is merely
forced to  one side by the new tooth, it is called a
eurdent.
  SURDITAS, Cophosis, Deafness.
   SURDITE, Cophosis, Deafness.
   SURDOMUTITAS, Deaf-dumbness.
   SURE AU COMMUN, Sambucus.
   SURELLE, Oxalis acetosella.
   SUREPINE UX, Supra-spinatus.
  ' SUR-EXCITA TION, see Excitement, and Su-
 per-excitation.
   SURFEIT, Colica crapulosa.
   SURGEON, Chirur'geon ; old French, Surgien,
  Chiro'nax, Chiriir'gus, Vul'nerum med'icus, Chei-
 ria'ter, Ohiria'ter, I'dtrus,  (F.) Chirurgien,  from
 %ttp,' the hand,' and tpyov,' work.'  One who prac-
tises surgery.   The surgeon, says  Celsus, ought
to be young, or. at all events, not adyanced in
life. His hand  must be steady, expert, and never
tremulous: he  must use the right or left wilh
equal facility : his sight must be clear and pene-
trating :  his mind  intrepid; and  although  un-
moved when he proceeds to operate, he must not
be in haste, nor cut less than is necessary, but
finish his operation, as if tho cries  of the patient
made no impression upon him.
  In the middle ages, the  Universities of Italy
and Spain sent out educated surgeons, as well as
physicians, under the name chirurgi-physici.
  SURGEON-APOTH'ECARY. One who unites
the practice of surgery with that of the  apothe-
cary.  A general practitioner.
  SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist.
  SUR'GEONCY.  The  office of a surgeon.
  SUR'GERA', Chirur'gia, Chirialri'a,Ghcirix'ie,
Chi'rieia,  Chirix'ia, Chiria'mua, Metocheirix'ia,
Metachi'risis,  Metachiris'mus, Tracta'tio manua'-
ria, Medici'na operoti'va, Medici'na ef'fictix,  (F.)
Chirurgie.   The part of the healing art which
relates  to  external  diseases; their treatment;
and, especially, to the manual operations adapted
for their cure.  Also, the office of a surgeon.
  Surgery, Anaplastic, Morioplastice — s. Au-
toplastic, Morioplastice — s. Dental, Dentistry.
  Surgery, Mil'itary,  (F.) Chirurgie militaire,
is that which relates to the operations to be  per-
formed on the field of battle, or subsequently : —
with the attention to be paid to the wounded, Ac.
  Surgery,  Op'erative,  is  termed Aciur'gia,
Acur'gia, and Acidur'gia,  (F.) Midecine opira-
toire.
  Surgery, Plastic, Morioplastice.
  SUR'GICAL, Chirur'gicue, (F.) Chirurgical,
Chirurgique.  That which  relates to surgery ; as
eurgical  anatomy,  eurgical operations, surgical
instruments, Ac.
  SURGIEN, Surgeon.
  SUR IN AMINE, see Geoffrasa Surinamensis.
  SUR-IRRITATION, see Irritation.
   SUROXYGENESES.  A  name given  by
Baumes  to diseases attributed by  him to super-
abundance of oxygen.
   SUR PEA U, Epidermis.
   SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus flammula.
   SUR-RENAL, Supra-renal.
   SURROGATUM, Succedaneum.
   SURSELS, see Salt.
   SUR TO UTS LIGAMENTEUX DE LA  CO-
LO NNE VERTEBRALE,Yertebral ligaments.
   SURUMPE (S.)   A disease to which  the tra-
veller in the Cordilleras  is  liable.  It consists of
a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the
reflection of the bright rays of the  sun. The  eyes
become  highly inflamed, and the lids swell and
bleed.  The pain is  intense, and frequently in-
ducers delirium. — Tschudi.
   SUR VIE, Survivorship.
   SURA^I'VORSHIP,  (F.)  Survie, from anper-
vivere, (auper, and vivere,) (F.) aurvivre, ' to livo
longer.'   In legal medicine, this word means the
probability that  any individual  has  survived
 others in an accident, which has been fatal to all.
 This is  often an important question, connected
 with the inheritance  of property, and on which
 physiology can rarely afford more than presump-
 tive grounds for conclusion.           .
   SUS, Supra.    A French prefix,  signifying
 ' above.'
   SUS-ACROMIO-HUMERAL, Deltoid.
   SUS-CARPIEN; from eue,  (F.) 'above,' and
 carpe, 'the wrist.' Above the wrist.  An epithet
 given by Chaussier to  the dorsal artery of the
 wrist — Artere sue-carpienne — a  branch of the
 radial. 
SUS-EPINEUX
831
SUTURE
  SUS-EPINEUX, Supra-spinatus—s. Maxillo-
labial, Levator  anguli  oris — s.  Maxillo-labial,
grand. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi — s.
Maxillo-labial  moyen, Levator labii  superioris
proprius — e. Maxillo-naeal, Compressor naris —
». Omphalodymie, see Somatodymia — s. Optico-
sphino-ecliroticien, Rectus superior oculi—e.  Or-
bitaire, Supra-orbitar — e. Phalangien  du pouce,
Abductor pollicis brevis—«. Pubio-fimoral, Pec-
tinalis— 8.  Scapulo-trochitirien,  le  plus  petit,
Teres minor — e. Scapulo-trochitirien,  petit,  Su-
pra-spinatus — 8. Spino-scapulo-trochitirien,  Su-
pra-spinatus.
  SUSCEPTIBILTTY,  Facite  suscipiens, (sub
or si/8, and vapio,  ' I  take,') ' easily taking, or
undertaking.' Sensibility, in its most enlarged
acceptation.  Impressibility.  This term, with the
epithet nervous, is  sometimes  used  for that in-
crease in the moral sensibility which is particu-
larly observed in nervous affections.
  SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM, Intussuscep-
tion.
  SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster.
  SUSPENSA, Enaeorema.
  SUSP EN SO IRE, Suspensory.
  SUSPENSORIUM, Suspensory—s. Testis,
Cremaster.
  SUSPEN'SORY, Siwpeneo'riue, from  euspen-
dere, (sub or sua, 'under,' and pendere, 'to hang,')
' to hang under.'   (F.) Suepensoire.  That which
sustains  or suspends.
  Suspensory Bandage, Suepeneo'rium, is a ban-
dage intended to support  the scrotum, in cases
of disease of  the testicle or of scrotal hernia.   It
consists of a kind of bag, fixed above to a cinc-
ture, and retained below by strings passing  be-
tween the  thighs, and fixed to the  cincture  be-
hind.
  Suspensory Ligament  of the Liver, Liga-
men'tum  auapeiiao'rium he'potie,  Perpendic'uluin
he'potia,  is  a triangular duplicature of the perito-
neum, between the  inferior  surface of the dia-
phragm and the upper surface of the liver, which
is continuous with the great falx of the umbilical
vein.
  Suspensory Ligament of the Penis is a fibro-
cellular fascia, of a triangular shape,  which ex-
tends  from the  anterior part  of the symphysis
pubis to the corpus cavernosum, which it sustains.
A similar ligament belongs to the clitoris.
  SUSPENSUM,  Enasorema—s. Urinas, Enaeo-
rema.
  SUSPIRATION, Suspirium.
  SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium.
  SUSPIRITUS, Suspirium.
  SUSPIR'IUM,  Suapira'tio,  Suepira'tue, Stie-
pir'itue,  from eub or eue, 'under,' and epiro, 'I
breathe;' Mygmua, Mych'mus, Mychthia'mua, Ste-
nag'mua, Stenax'ia, Sigh, Suapira'tion, (F.) Sou-
pir.   A short breathing.   A slow,  voluntary
contraction of the  diaphragm and intercostal
muscles, the  effect of which is to restore the  due
relation between the circulation and respiration,
or to free ourselves from an inconvenient sense
of weight felt in the chest, when we  are  much
depressed,— a weight, which appears to be chiefly
dependent  on the functions of the  heart being
disturbed through the moral influence. The sigh
differs from the eob : — the latter being involun-
tary and spasmodic.  Sighing, occurring in fevers
to a great extent, indicates  considerable depres-
sion.  AVhen accompanied with a vocal sound, it
constitutes a groan.
  Suspirium Cardiacum, Angina pectoris.
  SUSTENTACULUM, Aliment.
  SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector clito-
ridis — s. Penis, Erector penis.
  SUSURRATION, AVhispering.
  S U S U R R U S, Bourdonnement: — s. Aurium,
Tinnitus aurium.
  SUTELA, Suture.
  SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum.
  SUTORIUS, Sartorius.
  SUTTER, Saccharum.
  SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy —
s. Arcualis, Coronal suture — s. Biparietalis, Sa-
gittal suture — s.  Clavata,  Suture,  quilled — s.
Corporis  callosi externa, see Raphe — s.  Cranii
squamosa,  Squamous  suture — s. Dentata, see
Suture — s. Frontoparietal, Coronal suture — s.
Jugalis, Sagittal suture—s. Lambdoidalis, Lanib-
doid suture — s. Limbosa, see Suture — s. Lepi-
doides,  Squamous  suture — s.  Mendosa,  Squa-
mous suture — s. Notha, see Suture — s. Obelasa,
Sagittal suture — s. Ossium  Spuria, Harmony —
s. Prone, Lambdoid suture—s. Punctata, Suture,
common — s. Puppis, Coronal suture — s. Rhab-
doides, Sagittal suture — s.  Serrata,  see Suture,
Sagittal suture — s. Vera,  see Suture.
  SUTURAL,  Sutura'lie; same  etymon  as the
next.  Relating to a suture.
  SUTURE,  Sutu'ra,  Sute'la,  Arme, Rhaphe,
from euere, eutum, 'to stitch ;' Dove-tail joint, (F.)
Engrenure.  A kind of immovable  articulation,
in whiclTthe  bones unite by means of serrated
edges, which are, as it were,  dove-tailed into each
other.  The articulations  of the  greater part of
the  bones  of the  scull are  of this  kind.   The
coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal  sutures are
called  true euturee, the two  temporal are  called
falae euturee, eutura notha.
  A dentated  suture — Sutu'ra denta'ta — is one
in which the processes are  long and dentiform,
as In the  interparietal suture.  In a serrated
suture — sutu'ra seu eyntax'ie serra'ta—the in-
dentations  and processes are small and fine, like
the teeth of a saw, as  in the suture between the
two portions of the frontal bone.   In the sutu'ra '
limbo'sa  there is  along with the dentated mar-
gins a degree  of bevelling  of one,  so that one
bone rests  on the other, as in the occipito-parie-
tal suture.
  Suture, in Surgery,  Rhu'phe, means an  opera-
tion  which consists in stitching the lips of a  wound
to procure  their union.  The suture was,  at one
time, largely  employed; but, in modern  times,
its use has  been wisely restricted.  There are few
wounds in which the  edges  may not be brought
together by adhesive  plaster appropriately ap-
plied.  This kind of union, by adhesive plaster
simply, has been absurdly  termed Sutura sicca
or dry suture, in opposition to the Sutura cruenta
or suture properly so called.  The suture is gene-
rally performed with waxed thread  and straight
or curved needles, according to the arrangement
of parts.
  The chief sutures are the interrupted  suture,
the  quilled suture,  the glover's suture,  and the
twisted euture.   1.  The Interrupted  Suture,
(F.) Suture d points siparis, Suture  entrecoupie,
is  performed by passing a needle, armed with a
ligature, through  the  lips of the wound  previ-
ously brought into contact;  and  then tying the
extremities of the thread.   The other stitches
are  made in the same manner.  They are sepa-
rate or interrupted.  It is the suture most com-
monly used.  2. The  Quilled Suture,  Sutura
clava'ta, (F.) Suture enchevillie ou emplumie  ou
empennie, Compound Suture, is merely the inter-
rupted suture,  with this difference, that the liga-
tures are not tied over the face of the wound, but
over two quills or rolls  of plaster, or bougies.
which are laid along the sides of  the wound.   It
is used by  some surgeons,  on  account of there
being less danger of the stitches tearing cut.   It
is  not much employed.  3. The Glover's Sl- 
SAVAB
832
SYCOSIS
tore, Contin'ued Suture, Uninterrupted Suture,
(F.) Suture de Pelletier, Suture en aurget, is exe-
cuted by introducing the needle first into one lip
of the wound from within outwards, then into
the other in the same  way; and. in  this manner,
sewing  up the whole extent of the wound.  It
has been chiefly used in wounds of the intestinal
canal.   It is now rarely employed except  for
stitching up dead bodies.  The common stitch or
Suture,  Sutura puncta'ta, (F.) Suture a points
pasaia, has been  used in similar cases.   4. The
Royal  Stitch or Suture is the name of an old
operation  for  the cure  of bubonocele.  It con-
sisted in putting a ligature under the hernial sac,
close to the abdominal ring, and then tying that
part of the  sac,  so as to render it impervious by
the adhesive  inflammation thus excited.   5. The
Twisted Suture, (F.) Suture entortillie, is  em-
ployed, chiefly, to unite wounds of the  checks
and  of the free edges  of the lips.  To perform it,
a pin or needle is passed through  the edges of
the  wound,  so as to keep them accurately in
contact.  A piece of thread is then  wound accu-
rately around the pin, from one side of the divi-
sion to  the  other, in  the form of the figure  a>.
The number of pins and sutures must, of course,
correspond with the extent of the wound.  This
is  the  suture  used in cases of harelip.   6. The
SUTURE A ANSE,  of Le Dran, has only been
employed in cases of wounds of the  intestines.
For  this purpose, the edges  of the wound are
brought together, and as  many needles, with un-
waxed threads, used as there are to be stitches.
Each stitch is then made  by passing a needle
through the edges; and all the ligatures which
belong to one side of the wound are tied toge-
ther, and twisted  so as to form a thread, which is
fixed externally.
  Suture, Compound, Suture, quilled — s. Con-
tinued,  Suture, glover's — s.  Ecailleuac, Squa-
mous suture — 8.  Empennee, Suture, quilled — a.
Emplumee,  Suture, quilled — e. Enehevillie,  Su-
ture, quilled—s. Entortillie, Suture, twisted — e.
Entrecoupie, Suture,  interrupted—s. False, Har-
mony— s. Occipitole,  Lambdoid suture — s. Oc-
cipito-parietal, Lambdoid suture—e. de Pelletier,
Suture,  glover's — s.  d  Pointe  paaaia,  Suture,
common—s. d Pointe aiparia,  Suture, interrupted
— s. Sagittal, see  Sagittal suture—s. Squumeuae,
Squamous suture — a. en Surget, Suture,  glover's
—s. Superficial, Harmony—s.  Uninterrupted, see
Suture,  glover's.
  SAVAB, from Sax. rpebban, ' to clean  with a
mop.'  A piece of sponge or rag tied to a rod of
whalebone or  wood, for cleansing the mouth of
the sick, or  applying remedial agents to deep-
seated parts.
  SAVADDLING CLOTHES, Swathing clothes.
  SWAGBELLY, Physconia.
  SAVALLOW,  Hirundo —s. AVort, Asclepias
vincetoxicum — s. AVort,  orange, Asclepias tube-
rosa —- AVort, tuberous-rooted, Asclepias tuberosa
—s.  AVort, white,  Asclepias vincetoxicum.
  SAVALLOAV'S NEST, Nidus hirundinis.
  SAVAMP CABBAGE,  Dracontium fostidum —
s. Dogwood, Petela trifoliata — s. Sickness, Milk
sickness — s. AVood,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis,
Dirca palustris.
  SAVATIIING  CLOTHES, Swaddling  Clothee,
Incunab'ula,  Faacia,  Panni,  from Sax.  y l>e&an,
'to bind.'  (F.)  Maillot.  The  kind of clothing
or bandaging formerly applied to children dur-
ing  the first year of  life.  It is now, properly,
laid  aside, and every freedom  allowed to muscu-
lar exertion.
  SAVEAT, Sudor—s. Bloody, Sudor cruentus —
B.  Glands,  see Perspiration — s. Root, Polemo-
nium reptans — s. Scab, Crusta genu equinas.
  SAVEATING, Hidrosis—s. Bath, Achicolum—
s. of Blood, see Diapedesis, and Sudor cruentus—
s. House, Achicolum—s. Plant, Eupatorium per-
foliatum— s. Room, Achicolum—s. Sickness, Su
dor Anglicus.
  Sweating  Sickness,  Malwah.   A  disease
which  appears to be allied to the worst form of
cholera, and to  bear a close relation to malignant
congestive fever.  As its name imports, it occurs
in Malwah in India.
  SWEET BITTER, Triosteum—s. Bush, Comp-
tonia  asplenifolia — s. Fern, Comptonia aspleni-
folia — s. Flag,  Acorus calamus—s. Pod,  Cerato-
nium siliqua — s.  Root, Aralia nudicaulis.
  SAVELLING, Ejxtnaste'ma, Exar'ma, Exoede'-
eis,  Presis,  Prcsma,  Oncus, Extttmefac'tio, Tumor,
Tumcfac'tio, (F.)  Enflure,  Gonflement, from Sax.
rpellan, (D.) swellen (G.) schwellen, 'to
swell.'   Morbid increase of bulk  in the whole, or
a part, of the body.   See Tumour.
  Swelling, AVhite,  Hydrarthrus.
  SAVERTIA CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayita
— s. Difformis, see Calumba — s.  Frasera, see
Calumba — s. Lutea, Gentiana lutea.
  SAVIETE'NIA FEBRIF'UGA, S. So'mida,
Soym'ida,  S. Febrifuga,  Feb'rifuge Swiete'nia,
(F.) Mahogan fibrifuge.  Family, Meliaceas.  Sex.
Syat.   Decandria Monogynia.  The bark of this
tree, which is  a native of the East Indies, and
called there Rohena Bark, has an aromatic odour
and bitter taste.  It is tonic and stomachic, and
has been used  in tntermittents,  and in  diseases
where  bitter tonics are indicated.  Dose, 3j to
Qij  of  the powder.
  Swiete'nia  Mahog'ani,  Cedrue Mohog'ani,
Mahogany  Tree, grows in the AVest  Indies and
tropical America,  and  is possessed of similar pro-
perties.
  Swietenia Somida, S. Febrifuga.
  SAVIMBLADDER,  Airbladder.
  SAVIMMING, Natation—s. Bladder, Airblad-
der  — s. of the  Head, Vertigo.
  SWOON, Syncope.
  SAVOONING, Syncope.
  SYALADENI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  glandula'-
rum saliva'lium,  from ataXov,  'saliva, a&nv,  'a
gland,' and itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of  the salivary glands.
  SYCAMINOS,  Morus nigra.
  SA'CAMINUM, see Morus nigra.
  SYCE, Ficus, Ficus carica.
  SYCEA, Ficus.
  SYCEPH'ALUS, from aw, 'with,' and  xetpaXn,
' head.' A monster having two heads united to-
gether.
  SY'CION, avxtov, from avxov, '  a fig.'  A decoc-
tion of dried figs.
  SY'CIOS ANGULA'TUS.    One-seeded 'etar
cucumber,  Wild Bry'ony.  The  roots  and seeds
of this indigenous  plant,  Order Cucurbitaceas,
are  bitter, purgative and diuretic.  It is  used in
dropsy in the same  cases as bryony.
  SYCI'TES, from avxov, 'a fig.'  Wine, in which
figs have been infused.
  Sycites, Catorchites.
  SYCOMA, Ficus.
  SYCO'SIS.   Same  etymon.   A tumour of the
shape of a  fig.  Also, a fungous  ulcer.  A horny
excrescence about  the  eyelids.   Dr. Bateman
defines it:—an  eruption of inflamed but not very
hard tubercles  occurring on the  bearded  portion
of  the face and  on  the scalp,  in adults;  and
usually clustering together in irregular patches •
— Phyma Sycoeia,  Roae'ola fico'sa.  Of  this  he
has given two species: 1. Sycosis  Menti, S. barba
Men'tagra, Menti'go, Varus Men'tagra, Chinwelk
Barber'e Itch,  (F.)  Dartre pustuleuse  mentagre • 
SYCUM
833           SYMPHYSEOTOMY
 and,  2.  Sycoeie  Capil'li,  S.  Capillit'ii.    The
 treatment, in both cases, resembles that for por-
 rigo favosa.
   Sycosis, Ficus.
   SYCUM, Ficus.
   SYDERATIO, Sideratio.
   SYLLEPSIS, Conception.
   SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA,  from  avXXnxpts,  'con-
 ception,' and Xoyos,  'a description.'  The doc-
 trine of conception.
   SYM, SYN, aw, 'with, together,' like the cum,
 con, col, cor, Ac, of  the  Latins.   A common
 prefix.   Before  b, p, ph, pa,  and m, — eym, or
 xyn, is changed  into aym  or xym, (com;)  before
 c, ch, g, /.-, and x, into ayn or xyn, ovy, |uy, (con ;)
 before I into ay I or xyl, (col;) before r into ayr or
 xyr (cor;) and before s into sy or xy,  and sys, (co
 and cos.
   SY M BLEPIIARON, Ankyloblepharon.
   SYMBLEPUARO'SIS,  Concre'tio palpebra-
 rum cum  bulbo  oc'uli, from  aw,  'with,'  and
 PXetpapov, 'an eyelid.'   A preternatural adhesion
 between the eyelids; and especially between the
 upper eyelid and globe of  the eye.
   Symblepharosis, Ankyloblepharon.
   SYMBOL, Sym'bolum, Charac'ter,  (F.)  Carac-
 tere, from ovufiaXXia (aw, ' with,' and fSaXXta, ' I
 throw'), ' I compare.'  A sign or representation
 of something else.
   The following are the symbols  used  in pre-
 ncriptions:
     R,  Recipe.  See R.
     gr.,  Granum, a grain.
     3,  Scrupulus seu ecrupulum, a scruple.
       f,  Drachma, a drachm.
       ,  Uncia, an ounce.
     lb,  Libra, a pound.
     HI,,  Minimum, a minim.
     (Z,  Fluidrachma, a fluidrachm.
     iz,  Fluiduncia, a fluidounce.
      0,  Octarius, a pint.
      C,  Congiue, a gallon.
   SYMBOLE, Commissure.
   SYMBOLEUSIS, Consultation.
   SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy.
   SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy.
   SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology.
   SYMBOLUM, Sympathy.
   SYM'MELES, from aw, 'with,  and jitXos, 'an
 extremity.' Man'opus.  A genus of monsters whose
 extremities  are joined together:  Sirens. — I. G.
 St. Hilaire.
   SYMMETRIA, Symmetry.
   SYMMET'RICAL, Symmet'ricus, avu/itrpos,
 from aw, 'with,' and fitrptiv, 'to measure.'  An
 epithet given  to  those parts of the body, which,
 if seated on the median line, may be divided into
 two  equal, and perfectly like halves;  or which—
 if situate, the one to the right, the other to the
 left  of this  line — have a  similar conformation,
 and  a perfectly analogous arrangement.
   Symmetrical Diseases, see  Symmetry.
   SA'M'METRA', Symmet'ria, Conimen'sum, Mem-
 bra'rum Om'nium Competen'tia, Propor'tio.  The
 regularity in form, observed in  many  parts, situ-
 ate on the median line; and, also, the resemblance
 which exists between  many organs that are situ-
 ate on each side of the median line.  Bichat first
 noticed that this symmetry was confined to the
 organs of animal life; as the head, brain, spine,
 organs of sense, locomotion, Ac.
  It  has been affirmed — and there is evidence in
 favour of the assertion — to be a law of the  ani-
mal  economy, that, when uninfluenced by dis-
turbing agents, all general or constitutional dis-
eases affect equally and similarly the correspond-
      53
 ing parts of the two gides of the body.  Thi? he*
 been called the Symmetry of Diseases; and tie
 resulting diseases are said to be symmetrical
   SYMMETRY OE DISEASES, see Symmetry
   SYMPARATERESIS, Observation.
   SYMPASMA. Catapasma.
   SYMPATHESIS, Sympathy.
   SYMPATHETIC, Sympath'icus, Sympatheti-
 ca, (F.) Sympathique, from aw, 'with,' and iraSos,
 'suffering.'  That which  depends  on sympathy.
 Sympathetic  affections of an  organ are  those
 morbid phenomena that  supervene without any-
 morbific cause acting directly on  it,  and  by the
 reaction  of another organ  primarily  affected.
 Thus, itching of the nose is a sympathetic affec-
 tion, produced  by  irritation in  the intestinal
 canal.
   The epithet sympathetic is, also, given to dif-
 ferent nerves.  See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogas-
 tric, and Facial.
   Sympathetic,-Great, Trisplanchnic nerve—s.
 Middle, Pneumogastric
   Sympathetic  Powder, Pulvis  sympathet'icus
 of Sir Kenelm Digby, was composed  of calcined
 sulphate of iron, prepared in a particular manner.
 It was long supposed to be able to  cure a wound,
 if applied to the weapon that inflicted it; or even
 to a portion of the bloody clothes.   It is proper
 to remark, however, that the wound itself was
 carefully excluded from the air, and from all irri-
 tation.
   SYMPATHETICA  MINOR, Facial nerve.
   SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy.
   SYMPATHIA, Consent of parts.
   SYMPATHICUS, Sympathetic
   S YMPA THIQIE, Sympathetic.
   SYM'PATHY, Sympathi'a, Sympathe'sis, Com-
 pas'sio, Consensus, Sympathetis'mus, Xympathi'a.
 Conflux'io,  Conspira'tio,  Commer'cium,  Consor-
 tium, Homoiopathi'a, Homoeth'nia, Adelphix'ie,
 Symbolis'inus, Symboliza'tio, Sym'bolum. The con-
 nexion that exists between the action of two or
 more organs, more or less distant  from each
 other; so that the affection of the first is trans-
 mitted, secondarily, to the others,  or to one of
 the  others,  by means unknown.   A  knowledge
 of the particular sympathies between  different
 organs throws light on the etiology of diseases,
 their seat, and the particular organ towards which
 our therapeutical means should be directed.  See
 Irritation.
   SYMPEPSIS, Coction.
   SYMPEXIS,  Concretion.
   SYMPHORA, Congestion.
   SYMPHOREMA, Congestion.
   SYMPHORESIS, Congestion.
   SYMPHORICAR'PUS RACEMO'SUS, Snow-
 berry. An indigenous plant,  Order Caprifoliaceas.
 Tribe Lonicera?, whose berries  are  large, bright
 white, and  remain till  winter; flowering from
 June to  September.  The root is  tonic and as-
 tringent, and has been used in ague; and by the
 Indians in syphilis.
   SYMPHYIA,  Symphysis.
   SYMPHYOCEPH'ALUS, Metop'ages,  Cepha-
 lop'oges,  from  avfitpvijs, 'united together,'  and
 xttpaXv, 'head.'  A monstrosity in  which  twins
 are united by the head.
   SYMPHYSEOTOMY,  Symphysot'omy,  Syn-
 chondrot'omy, Symphyseotom'ia, Symphysiotom'ia.
 from avfxtpvais, and rtfxvta, 'I cut'  The operation
 or section of the Symphysis, Sigaultian opi ration,
 Sigaultian section.  This  operation  is performed
 with the view of augmenting the diameter of the
 pelvis, in  order  to  facilitate  delivery in certain
 cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, with
 wedging  of  the  head of the  child  therein.  To
perform the operation, (F.) Desymphyser, the fc- 
SYMPHYSIA
834
SYNCOPE
  male is placed on her back; the pubes is shaved;
  and,  with a strong scalpel, the soft parts are di-
  vided on the median line.  The  articulation is
  then  cut.  As soon as the fibrous parts, which
  hold  the bones  together, are divided, they sepa-
  rate  to a certain distance from each other; and
  the delivery may be accomplished.   The knife,
  with  which the operation is performed, is called,
  by the French, Couteau eymphyeien.              ffi
    SArMPHYS'IA, from avpttpvats, 'a growing to-  w
  gether.'  A malformation consisting in the union  a
  of parts that are usually divided. — Breschet.
    SYMPHYSIOTOMY, Symphyseotomy.       It
    SYM'PHYSIS, Symphy'ia, Coaleecen'tia,  Co-  S
  al'itus,  from  avfitpvta (aw,  'with,' and tpvia,  'I  "'
  grow'),  'I  unite together.'  A  union of  bones.
  The  bond of such union.  The aggregate  of
  means used for retaining bones  in situ  in  the
  articulations.   The name symphysis has, how-  <
  ever, been more particularly appropriated to cer-  ^,
  tain  articulations;  as  to the symphysis pubis,
  sacro-iliac eymphyais, Ac.  See Monster.
    Symphysis, Coalescence, Commissure,  Inser-  ,
  tion — s. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — s. Liga-  T
  mentosa, Syndesmosis — s. Ossium muscularis,  ,.
  Syssarcosis—s.  Pubis, Pubic articulation.
    SYMPHYSOTOMY, Symphyseotomy.         s
    SYMPHYTOS, Hereditary.                   g
    SYM'PHYTUM.  Same etymon.  Symphytum
  ojficiiia'le seu album seu Bohe'micum, Conaol'ida-
  major, Comfrey, Alum,  Alua, (F.) Grande  Con-
  eoude.   Family, Boragineas.  Sex. Syat. Pentan-  I
  dria Monogynia.   The roots of  this European  1
  plant are very mucilaginous,  and are employed  P
  as emollients.  They are used in decoction in  l
  hasmoptysis, dysentery,  chronic diarrhcea, Ac.
    Symphytum,  Solidago virgaurea — s. Album,
  Symphytum—s.  Bohemicum, Symphytum — s.
  Minimum,  Bellis — s. Minus, Prunella — s. Offi-
  cinale, Symphytum.
     Symphytum  Petra'um, Corie  Monapelien'aie,  (
  Montpel'lier Corie.   An  intensely bitter and nau- g
  seous plant, which is said to have been  useful in  1
  syphilis.  See, also, Sanicula.                    c
    SYMPLOCARP'US  ANGUSTISPATHA,  t
  Dracontium angustispatha — s. Foetida, Dracon- a
  tium fostidum.
     SYMPOD'IA, Monopod'ia, from aw, 'together,'  1
  and  irovs,  troios,   'a  foot.'   A monstrosity in  i
  which there  is coalescence of  the lower extre-  i
  mities.
     SYMPTOM, Sympto'ma, Ac'cidens, Casus, from  ,
  aw,  'with,' and irrtafxa,  'a fall,'  from iriirria, 'I  c
  fall.'  Any change, perceptible to the senses, in  ]
  any  organ or function, which is  connected with  A
  morbific influence.   It  is by the aggregate and  E
  succession of symptoms  that a disease is detected.
* The term symptoms of symptoms  has  been used  <
  for the effects which result from the symptoms  _,
  of a disease ; but which  effects are not essentially  ]
  connected with the disease itself.  Thus, the de-  5
  bility arising from the  frequency of evacuations
  in dysentery is a symptom  of symptoms.   See
  Sign.
     SYMPTOMA TURPITUDINIS, Nympho-
  mania.
     SYMPTOMATIC, .fyinpfoTHoTtciis. Thatwhich   \
  is a symptom of some  other affection.  Thus we
  speak of a symptomatic disease, in opposition to
  one  that is idiopathic.
     SYMPTOMATOLOGY, Symptomatolog"ia,   .
   Symbolog"ica, from av/jLTTTiafia, 'a symptom,' and
   Xoyos, 'a treatise.'  The branch of pathology, the
   object of which is the knowledge of symptoms.
     SYMPTO'SIS, from trw, 'with,' and irtrrrta, 'I
   fall.'  Depression or collapse, emaciation  or atro-
   phy, either of the whole body or of a part
  SYN.EREMA, Corrugation.
  SYN^ETION, Concausa.
  SYNANCHE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  SYNANCIE. Cynanche.
  SYNAPHYMENITIS, see Ophthalmia.
  SYNAPTASE, see Amygdalin.
  SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis.
  SYNARTHRO'DIAL, Synarthrodia'lis,  from
aw,  'with,' and apSptaots,  'articulation.'   That
which belongs to synarthrosis;  as Synarthrodial
articulation.
  SYNARTHROSIS,  Synarthrodia, Abartieu-
la'tio, Coarticula'tio. An immovable articulation.
Synarthrosis includes three species : Suture,  Har-
mony, and Gomphosis.
  SYNATHROESIS, Congestion.
  SYNATHROISMUS, Congestion.
  SYNCAN'THUS, from aw, 'with,' and xavBos,
'the corner of the  eye.'  A morbid adhesion be-
tween the globe of the eye and the orbit.
  SYNCHONDRO'SIS, Sym'physis seu Cop'ula
seu Conncx'io cartilagin'ea, Chondrosyndesm'ue,
from  aw,  ' with,'  and xov&P°s>  'a  cartilage.'
Union or articulation of bones by means of car-
tilage : — as the articulations of the ribs with the
sternum, by means of their  cartilages of prolon-
gation.
  SYNCHONDROTOMY, Symphyseotomy.
  SYNCHRONIUS, Synchronous.
  SYN'CHRONOUS, Syn'chronue, Synchron'iua,
Iaoch'ronoua,  from  ow, 'with,' and xpov°s< 'time.'
That which occurs at the same time.   Thus the
pulsations of an artery may be synchronous with
those of the heart
  SYNCHRONUS, Synchronous.
  SYNCHYSIS, Confusion.
  SYNCIPUT, Sinciput.
  SYNCLONESIS, Synclonus.
  SYN'CLONUS,  Synclone'aia,  from ovyxXoveia,
(aw, ' with,' and xXovcta, ' I shake,') ' I shake to-
gether.'   Clon'ici  univerea'lee,  Clonue, (Young.)
Tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic agitation
of various muscles, especially when excited by
the will.  Also,  general spasm, epae'mue univer-
ea'lie.  See Tremor, Chorea, Ac.
  Synclonus Ballismus, Paralysis agitans — s.
Beriberia, Beriberi — s. Chorea, Chorea—s. Ra-
phania, Raphania — s. Saltans, Chorea — s. Tre-
mor, Tremor.
  SYNCOMIS'TUS, from  ovyxout$ta, (aw, and
xofitfa,)  'I bring  together.'  Autop'yroe,  Pania
domea'ticua, 8ecundariua, ciba'riua, confuaa'neu8.
Bread of the whole wheat or of the unsifted  meal.
Household bread.  Also, a cataplasm made of the
same.
   SYN'COPAL,  Syncopa'lis, Syncop'ticus, Syn-
cop'tus.  Same etymon  as Syncope; as Syn'copal
Fever,  Febria Syncopo'lis.   A pernicious  inter-
mittent, characterized  by  repeated  attacks  of
syncope.
   SYN'COPE,  from  ovyxoirrta,  'I fall down.'
An'imi defec'tio, Animi deli'quinm, Leipopaych'ia,
Lipopeych'ia, Apayeh'ia, Apeyx'ia, Lipeia An'imi,
Aaphyx'ia, Apopsych'io, Lipothym'ia, Leipothym' -
ia, Eclipa'ie, Su'bitna animi caaua, Swoon, Swoon-
ing, Fainting, Fainting fit,  Faintneea, Exolu'tion,
 ( F. ) Evanoui88ement, Difaillance,   Pamoiaon.
 Complete  and, commonly,  sudden loss of  sensa-
 tion  and motion, with  considerable diminution,
or entire suspension  of  the  pulsations  of the
heart and the respiratory  movements.  Syncope
is, commonly, an affection of no  consequence;
 but, sometimes, it is an index of diseased  heart.
 Placing the patient in the horizontal posture'
 sprinkling cold water over the face, and the ap-
plication of  volatile substances to  the noae are 
SYNCOPTICUS
835
SYNOVIAL
all  that will be required during the fit.  See As-
phyxia, and Suffocation.
  An approach to this condition ia termed faint-
ishness.
  Syncope Angina, Angina pectoris — s. Angi-
nosa, Angina pectoris.
  SYNCOPTICUS, Syncopal.
  SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal.
  SYNCRITICA, Astringents.
  SYNDACTYLUS, Aschistodactylus.
  SYNDESMI'TIS, see Ophthalmia.   Also, in-
flammation of articular ligaments; Inflamma'tio
ligamento' rum.
  SYNDESMOGRAPHY,  Syndesmograph'ia,
from awotafios, 'a ligament,'  and ypatprj,  'a de-
scription.'  A description of the ligaments.  The
part of anatomy which describes the ligaments.
  SYNDESMOL'OGY,  Syndeemolog"ia,  from
avvocaptos,  'a  ligament,' and  Xoyos, 'a treatise,
discourse.'  A treatise on the ligaments.
  SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGEUS.   A fasciculus
of the constrictor pharyngis superior.
  SYNDESMOS, Ligament.
  SYNDESMO'SIS,  Synneuro'eie, Synymen'eeie,
Connex'io seu Sym'phyeie ligamento'aa, Commie'-
eu'ra ner'vea, Connerra'tio, Colliga'tio,  from aw-
itcpos, ' ligament'  The  articulation  of two or
more bones by means of  ligament; — as of the
radius with the ulna.
  SYNDESMOT'OMY,  Syndeematom'ia,  from
evvotapos,  ' ligament,' and repvia, ' I cut or dis-
sect'  Dissection of the ligaments.
  SYNDESMUS, Bandage, Ligament.
  SYN'DROME, from aw, 'with,' and opofios, 'a
course.'  Concur'aue, Concourae.   A  name given
by the Empirical Sect to the union of  symptoms
which takes place in diseases. Syndrome pletho'-
rico, for example, meant the union of  symptoms
produced by plethora.
  SYNDYASMUS, Coition.
  SYNECHES, see Continued fever.
  SYNECHI'A, from aw, 'with,' and  txav, 'to
have,' or 'to hold.'   Adhesion between the  iris
and transparent cornea, or between the iris and
crystalline  lens.   The former case is called Syne-
chia ante'rior: the latter,  & poete'rior.
  SYNENERGIA, Synergy.
  SYNERGIA, Synergy.
  SYNERGIE, Synergy.
  SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a, Synenergi'a, (F.) Sy-
nergic,- from aw, 'with,'  and tpyov, 'work.'  A
correlation or concourse of action between differ-
ent organs  in health; and, according to some, in
disease.
  SYNESTS, Intellect.
  SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis.
  SYNEZI'ZIS,  Synize'sis,  Coneiden'tla,  from
irtiv,  ' with,' and fyvyvvtiv,  ' to join.'   Parop'eie
Synizeaia,  Cali'go  d  Synizeei,  Caligo  Pupil'la,
Imperfora'tio pupilla, Clo8iire or occlu'eion  or
obliteration  of the Pupil,  Phthiaia  Pupil'la,
Amyo'eie.   This disease is sometimes faulty con-
formation,  depending  upon the continued exist-
ence of the membrana pupillaris, or the absence
of the pupil.  It is, in other words, congenital.
At other  times, it  is owing to accident, and su-
pervenes on violent ophthalmia, or on the opera-
tion for cataract.  They who are affected with
synezizis are completely blind ; — the iris having
no central  aperture.   In certain cases, a remedy
may be obtained by making an opening  in  the
iris,  which may supply the place of  the pupil,
and through which the rays of light may reach
the retina.  This operation is called the operation
for artificial pupil.
  SYNGENES, Hereditary.
  SYNGENICUS, Congenital.
  SYNHYMENESIS, Synvmenesis.
  SYNIMENESIS, Synymenesis.
  SYNIZESIS, Considentia, Synezisis.
  SYNNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis.
  SYN'OCHA,  from  miw^ii), (aw, and £yw, 'I
have or hold,') ' I continue.!  Inflam'motory Fe-
ver, Dynam'ic  Fever, Angiop'yra, Sthenop'yra,
Febria cauao'dee, F. coumato'dea, Febris deu'rena,
F. ardens, Febris contin'ua  sanguin'ea, Febria
contin'un  non putris,  Syn'ochus (Vogel), Febris
acmaa'tica, Synochus  impu'tris (Galen,) Febria
acu'ta, F.  acu'ta  sanguin'ea, F. con'tinens, F.
continens non pu'trida, F. angioten'ica, F. stheni-
ca, F. sanguin'ea, Homot'onoe, F. inflammato'ria,
Ene'cia cauma, Enccia,  F. ton'ica, Phlogop'yrua,
Gauma, Calentura continua,  (F.) Fievre ardente,
F. continente inflammatoire,  F. sanguine, F. ir-
ritative, F. angeiotiniqne, F. inflarnmatoire, Gae-
tro-entirite interne, General inflammation.   A
species  of continued fever, characterized by in-
creased heat;  and by quick, strong, and hard
pulse ; urine high-coloured;  disturbance of mind
slight.  It requires, of course, the most active
treatment.
  Synocha Rheumatica, Rheumatism, acute—s.
Vaccina, Araccina.
  SYN'OCHAL, Synocho'lie; same etymon.  Re-
lating to, or having the  characters of, synocha.
  SYN'OCHUS, Ene'cia syn'ochus, Febris lenta,
(Linnasus,) same etymon.  Continued fever, com-
pounded of synocha and typhus: — in its com-
mencement often resembling the  former; in its
progress, the latter:  Mixed fever, Common  con-
tinued fever,  Syn'ochoid fever.   See Continued
fever, Fever, and Typhus.
  Synochus, Synocha—s. Biliosa. Fever, gastric,
Fever, bilious—s. Catarrhalis, Influenza—s. Icte-
rodes,  Fever, yellow—s. Imputris,  Synocha—s.
Miliaria, Miliary fever—s. Varicella, Varicella.
  SYNOLCE, Spasm.
  SYNONIA, Synovia.
  SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY, Synosteogra'phia, from
aw, ' with,' oareov,  a  ' bone,' and ypatpw, ' I  de-
scribe.'   The part  of anatomy which  describes
the joints.
  SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolog"ia, from aw,
' with,' oareov, '  a bone,' and Xoyos, 'a treatise.' A
treatise on the joints.
  SYNOSTEO'SIS, Synostosis, from aw, 'with,'
and oartov, 'a bone.  Union  by means of bone.
  SYNOSTEOT'OMY, Synosteotom'ia, from aw,
'with,'  oartov,  'a bone,'  and rtjtvttv,  'to  cut'
Dissection of the joints.
  SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis.
  SYNO'VIA,  from aw,  'with,'  and taov,  'an
egg.'  Mucila'go,  Un'guen articula're, Syno'nia,
Axun'gia  articula'ris, Unguen'tum seu  Smegma
articula're, Mucila'go  articulo'rum seu junetura'-
rum, Humor articula'rie, Hydrarthrus, Humor seu
Hu'midum nati'vum seu Gluten  articulo'rum (F.)
Synovie.  A fluid resembling the white  of  egg,
which  is  exhaled by the synovial  membranes
surrounding the  moveable  articulations.   The
synovia has been  found, on  analysis, to consist
of water, a little  albumen, soda,  chloride of so-
dium, phosphate of lime, and—Fourcroy fancied
—uric acid. Its use is to lubricate the joints, and
the sheaths in whieh tendons play.
  SA'NO'A'IAL, Synovia'lis.   That which relates
to the synovia.
  Synovial Glands,  Hovera'e Glande, Gland'ula
articula'ree, G.  Synovia'les, G. Haveraia'na, are
the secretory fringes,  which  float  in the interior
of the  synovial capsules (see Capsules.)  They
do not seem to be glandular.  They have been 
36                 SYRINGE
                 SYNOVITIS                8:

oalled  Syno'vial Jim'bria, (F.)  Franges synovi-
alee.
  SYNOArI'TIS; from Synovia, and itis, a ter-
mination denoting inflammation.  A term, badly
compounded, applied  at  times  to inflammation
of the synovial membrane.
  Synovitis  Rheumatismalis,  Rheumatism,
(acute.)
  SYN'TASIS, avvraats, from awrtivta, (aw, and
rctvta, ' I stretch,') ' I strain.'  Tension of parts :
hence awranxa, are medicines which render parts
tense.  Syntex'it, on the other hand, means Colli-
qua'tio, or wasting  of the body;  from awrnxta,
' I melt together.'
  SYNTAXIS, Articulation, Reduction, Taxis—
8. Serrata, see Suture.
  SYNTECOPYRA, Hectic fever.
  SYNTECTYCOPYRA, Hectic fever.
  SYNTENO'SIS, from  aw, 'with,' and revtav,
'a tendon.'   A species of articulation  in which
two bones are joined by means of  tendon; as the
sesamoid bones with the toes, the rotula with the
tibia, Ac
  SYNTERESIS, Prophylaxis.
  SYNTERETICUS,  Prophylactic.
  SYNTEXIS, Colliquation, Consumption.
  SYNTHENA.  A term employed by Paracel-
sus to designate a species of epilepsy, accompanied
by cardialgia and tormina.
  SYN'THESIS,  Reu'nio,  'composition  or
putting together,' from aw, and  riSr/pi, ' I place.'
A  surgical operation,  which consists  in uniting
parts that are divided; and approximating  such
as are separated or distant from each other, Re-
u'nio pitr'tium  eeparata'rum, Syn'thesis of con-
tinuity, means the union of the edges of a wound,
or the approximation of the extremities of a frac-
tured bone.  Synthesis of contigu'ity is the reduc-
tion  of  displaced organs; as in cases of hernia
and  luxations.
  Synthesis, Composition.
  SYNTHETIS'MUS, same  etymon.  The ag-
gregate of operations and means  for reducing a
fracture, and maintaining it reduced: — compris-
ing extension, counter-extension, coaptation, and
bandaging.
  SYNTRIMMA, Contritio.
  SYNTRIPSIS, Contritio.
  SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus.
  SYNULOSIS, Cicatrization.
  SYNULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  SYNUSIA, Coition.
  SYNYME'NESIS,i%n%»ie'ne8t8,(S'ynime'»ie«t8,
from aw, ' with,' and 'vpinv,' a membrane.' Union
of bones  by membrane,  as  in  the case of the
bones of the head in the  foetus.
  Synymenesis, Syndesmosis.
  SYPHAR, Peritoneum.
  SYPHILIDES, SyphiU'da, (F.) Dermo-syphi-
lides, Dermatoeies veroleusee.   Same etymon as
Syphilis.  The  cutaneous eruptions that accom-
pany constitutional syphilis  are so denominated
by the French writers.
  SYPHILIDIA'TER, Syphilidia'trus, from Sy-
philis, and tarpos, ' a physician.'  A pox doctor.
One who occupies himself in treating syphilis.
  SYPHILIDOMANIA,  Syphilomania.
  SYPHYLIPHO'BIA;  from Syphilis and tpof3os,
' dread,'  A morbid dread of syphilis, giving rise
to fancied symptoms of the disease: a form of hy-
pochondriasis.
   SYPH'ILIS,  Morbus  Gal'licus, Siphilis,  Sy-
phili8'mus, Cachex'ia  venerea, Cachochym'ia Ve-
tie'rea,  Malum vene'reum, Mor'bue  Ital'icus,  M.
Hispan'icus, Puden'dagra,  Luee,  Me'vium,  Lues
vene'rea, Lues syphilis, Morbus  aphrodis'ius, Sy-
philis venerea, S. maligna, Morbus Ncapolita'nus,
3Iorbus In'dieus, Patursa, Rasilis'cus, Boa, Sod'-
oma Gallo'rum; Venereal, Venereal Disease, Pox,
French  Pox;  (F.)  Virole,  Maladie vinirienne,
Mal de A'aptes, Mal Francois, Maladie de Venus.
The etymology of syphilis is  unknown.  Some
consider  it to proceed  from  avs, ' a  hog;'  and
others, from attpos,—formed, by contraction, from
aiiraXos, 'shameful,'  'dirty,' Ac.   It is an infec-
tious disease, communicable by coition, or by the
contact of parts that are only lined with a  thin
epidermis; as the lips, nipple, Ac.  It generally
makes its first appearance by a chancre, followed
sooner or later by a bubo.  The chancre is & pri-
mary  symptom or  sore;  but there  are  others
which are secondary or constitutional.   These
are: — ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper-coloured
blotches  on the skin; pains in the bones, nodes,
Ae.: the last are sometimes termed tertiary phe-
nomena.  The origin of syphilis is not known.
It is  believed to  have been introduced  into
Europe from  America,  at  the end of  the 15th
century [?].  Its progress is extremely  variable,
as well as its duration, which is  often unlimited,
if left to itself.  Mercury may be esteemed the
best remedy, but the disease admits of cure with-
out it.  Almost every antisyphilitic composition,
whose use is attended with success, probably con-
tains  mercury united with diaphoretics  or  other
medicines.   It is  generally sufficient to keep the
mouth sore for a fortnight for the cure of chancre:
for venereal sore throat, and other recent consti-
tutional  symptoms, eight or ten weeks will be
required; and, of course, a longer time, if these
symptoms  have persisted  longer.   Sometimes,
after  mercury has  been given  for a time, the
symptoms continue  stationary; and do not yield
until  the mercury  has been  discontinued,  and
tonics and eutrophics  have been administered.
The preparations of iodine have been much used,
of late, in the revellent  treatment of this disease.
   Syphilis Indica, Frambossia.
   Syphilis Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syphilo'des,
Pseudo-syphilis.  A term given to ulcers or other
affections that resemble syphilis,  but are  inde-
terminate in  their character, — the  symptoms
being irregular in their appearance, and usually
yielding spontaneously, or under the use of tonics,
change of air, Ac.  The condition has not been
at all well defined.   The Sivvens, Radesyge, Ac,
have been referred to this head.
   SYPHILISMUS, Syphilis.
   SYPHILOG'RAPHER, from  syphHis, and
ypatpoi, ' I describe.'  A  writer  on syphilis.
   SYPH'ILOID,  Syphilo'i'de8;  from  syphilis,
and ttcos, ' resemblance.' Resembling syphilis,—
as 'a syphiloid affection.'
   SYPHILOM A'NIA,  Syphilidoma 'nia, — vul-
garly, Noddle Pox.  A mania, with which  some
persons are affected, so that  they subject them-
selves to antivenereal treatment, under the notion
that they are affected with syphilis.
   SYPHITA, Somnambulism.
   SYPHOAURICULARIS, Otenchytes.
   SYPHON, see Siphon.
   SYRIGMOPHO'NIA, from  avpiyuos,  'whist-
ling,'  and tptavn, 'voice.' A piping state  of the
voice.
   SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium.
   SYRINGA, Eustachian Tube, Fistula, Syringe,
Trachea.
   Syringa Clysmatica, Syringe, (Clyster.)
   Syrin'ga Vulga'ris, Lilac  vulga'ris, Common
Lilac. The leaves and fruit are  bitter and some-
what  acrid, and have been used as a tonic and
antiperiodic.
   SYRINGE, Syr'inx,  Syrin'ga, Sipho Siphun'-
culua, Squirt, (F.) Seringue, from avptyl-, 'a pipe.' 
SYRINGICUS
837
SYRUPUS
A familiar  apparatus through which  any liquor
is squirted.
  Various forms of syringe are used in medicine
and surgery.
  Syringe, Clyster, Syrin'ga clyemat'ica, Cly-
santli'um, (F.) Clyeopornpe.  A syringe  for  ad-
ministering clysters.
  Syringk, Cupping, Antlia sanguisuga.
  SYRINGICUS, Fistulous.
  SYRINGI'TIS  EUSTA'CHII, Inflammation
of the Eustachian tube.
  SYRINGMOS, Tinnitus aurium.
  SYRINGODES, Fistulous.
  SYRINGOTOME, Syringot'omna, Syringot'-
omum, from avptyi,, 'a pipe,' 'a fistula,' and rtftvttv,
' to cut'  A surgical instrument, formerly used
in the operation  for fistula in ano.  It is a  bis-
touri, concave at its  edge, and terminated by a
long, flexible, probe-pointed  stylet.  This stylet
or probe was first  introduced by  the external
opening of the fistula into the rectum, whence it
was  drawn externally through the anus, carrying
with it the cutting edge of the instrument, which
divided  the  intermediate parts.  The operation
for fistula in ano has  been called  Syringotomy.
  SYRINGOT'OMY, Syringotom'ia.  Same ety-
mon as the last.  The operation for fistula in  ano
by incision.
  SYRINX, Eustachian tube,  Fistula,  Syringe,
Trachea—s. Hiera, A^ertebral column.
  SYRMAIS'MOS,  from avpuatclia, ' I evacuate.'
A gentle evacuation by vomiting  or stool.
  SYR OP, Syrup — s.  d'Ail, Syrupus allii — «.
d'Armoise  compoei, Syrupus aromaticus — e. de
 Chicoree compoei, Syrupus de cichorio compositus
—s.  dee  Cinq racinee, Syrupus e  quinque radici-
bus — s. de Ciilsinicr, Syrupus  de sarsaparilla et
aennS, compositus — s.  d'Ether, Syrupus  cum
asthere sulphurico paratus—s. de  Gingembre,  Sy-
rupus zingiberis—s. de Guimauve, Syrupus althaeas
—s.  de Longue vie, Mellitum de  mercuriali com-
positum— s. de Mercure,  Syrupus de mercurio
mediante gummi—s. de Mures, Syrupus mori—a.
de  Nerprnn, Syrupus   rhamni — a. de  Pavote
 blance, Syrupus papaveris— s. de Pommea com-
poei, see Syrupus sennas — a. de  Quinquina avec
le Vin, Syrupus de kina kina cum vino — s. de
 Roeee pales, Syrupus rosas — s.  de Roeee rougee,
 Syrupus rosas—s. de  Vinaigre, S. aceti.
  SYRUP, Sirup, Syr'upus, Serapi'um, Serape'-
um, (F.) Syrop ; derived, according to some, from
 evpia, 'I draw,' and  oitos, 'juice;' but more pro-
 bably, from the Arabic Siruph, Sirab, or Scharab,
 which signifies 'a potion.'  A saturated  solution
 of sugar in  water, either simply, or united with
 some  vegetable or other principle.  Syrups, in
general, require two pounds of sugar to the pint,
and they are judged to be sufficiently boiled when
 a portion, taken up in a spoon, flows  like  oil.
 In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of the  United  States,
it is  directed, that syrups, whose density is not
precisely determined by the process, should have
 the s. g. 1.261, when boiling, and of about 1.319
 at ordinary temperatures.  Syrups should be kept
in small bottles in a cool place.   They are chiefly
used to render medicines palatable.  See  Syrupus
simplex.
  Syrup, see Syrupus — s. of Almonds,  Syrupus
 amygdalae—s. Antiscorbutic, Syrupus antiscorbu-
ticus — s. of Buckthorn, Syrupus rhamni — s. of
Capillaire, common. Syrupus simplex—s. of Cin-
chona with wine, Syrupus de kina kina, cum vino
__g.  0f  Citric acid,  Syrupus acidi  citrici — s. of
Clove July flower, Syrupus  caryophylli  rubri —
8. of Clove pinks. Syrupus Caryophylli rubri —
8. of Ether,  Svrupus cum asthere sulphurico pa-
rens__s. 0f Fivo  roots,  Syrupus  e quinque radi-
cibus—s. of Garlic,  Syrupus allii —s. of Ginger,
Syrupus zingiberis — s. of Gum Arabic, Syrupua
acacias — s. Hive, Syrupus seillas compositus — s.
of Honey,  Mellitum simplex—s. of Iodide of iron,
Liquor Ferri iodidi—s. of Ipecacuanha, Syrupus
ipecacuanhas — s. of Lemon, Syrupus linionis —
s. of Marshmallows, Syrupus althaeas—s. of Mea-
dow saffron, Syrupus colchici autumnalis — s. of
Mugwort,  compound, Syrupus aromaticus—s. of
Mulberries, Syrupus mori—s. of Orange juice, see
Syrupus aurantii — s.  of  Orange  peel, Syrupus
aromaticus — s. of Orgeat, Syrupus amygdalae —
s. of Poppies, Syrupus papaveris — s. of Poppy,
red, Syrupus rhoeados — s. of Rhatany, Syrupus
krameria? — s. of Rhubarb, Syrupus rhej — s. of
Rhubarb,  aromatic, Syrupus rhei aromaticus — s.
of Rhubarb, spiced, Syrupus rhej aromaticus —
s. of Saffron, Syrupus croci — s. of Squills,  Syru-
pus seillas—s. of Squill, compound, Syrupus seillas
compositus — s. of Succory,  compound, Syrupus
de cichorio compositus—s. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu-
tanus — s. of A'inegar, Syrupus aceti — s. of Vio-
lets, Syrupus violas—s. of Wild cherry bark,  Sy-
rupus Pruni Virginianas.
  SYRUPUS,  S.  simplex.
  Syrupus Aca'cia, Syrup of Gum Arabic, (Aca-
cia 3'j> Sacchar. ^xv, Aq. f^viij.  Dissolve the
gum in the water; add the sugar, and strain.
Ph. U. S.) A good pectoral  syrup. Dose, f^j to

  Syrupus Ace'ti, S. Ac"idi Aceto'si, Syrup of
 Vinegar, (F.) Syrop  de Vinaigre.  (Aceti Oiiss,
eacch. purif. Ibiiiss.   Boil to form a syrup.   Ph.
E.)  It is refrigerant and antiseptic  Dose, f^j
to f^ij.
  Syrupus Acidi Acetosi,  S. aceti.
  Syrupus Ac"idi Cit'rici, Syrup of Citric Acid.
(Acid, citric, pulv. ^ij ; Ol. Limon. VC\jiw • Syrup.
Oij.  Rub the  acid and oil with an ounce of the
syrup; add  the rest of the  syrup, and  dissolve
with a gentle heat.  Ph. U. S.)  Virtues the same
as those of the  Syrupus Limonis.
  Syrupus  cum  .33'there Sulphu'rico Para-
tus, Syrup of Ether, (F.) Sirop d'ither.   (Very
pure eugar, 1000  p.;  diatilled water, 500 p.;  dis-
solve in the cold, and strain ; add aulphuric ether,
48 p.   Shake for five or six days, and draw off
the limpid syrup. Ph.  L.)  Properties like those
of ether.
  Syrupus  Al'lii, Syrup of  Garlic, (F.)  Syrop
d'ail.  (Allii recent,  concis. §vj, acet. deatillat.
Oj,  eacchar. Ibij.  Macerate  the garlic in the vi-
negar, in a glass vessel, for four days; then ex-
press  the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may
subside;  lastly, add the sugar to the clear liquor,
and proceed in the  manner directed for syrup.
Ph. U. S.)  Uae, same  as that of garlic.  Dose,
fS t0 f3iv-
  Syrupus  Altha'a, Syrup  of Marshmallow,
Syritpue  ex Altha'd,  S. de Althaa, S. Althaa
officina'lis,  (F.)  Syrop de Guimauve.   (Althaa
rad. recent, cont Ibss, sacch. pur.  Ibij, aqua  Oiv.
Boil the root in the water to one-half, and press
out the liquor;  when cold, defecate; add the su-
gar, and boil.  Ph. L.)   Emollient and demul-
cent   Dose, f£j to f^iij.
  Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis, S. zingiberis.
  Syrupus  Amyg'dala, Syrup of Almonds, Sy-
rup of Orgeat,  Orgeat.  (Amygdal. dulc.  Ibj,
amygdal.  amar.  ^iv, aqua,  Oiij, sacchar. fbvj.
Blanch the almonds, and  rub  them in a mortar
to a very  fine paste, adding, during the tritura-
tion, three fluidounces  of the water, and a  pound
of the sugar.  Mix the paste thoroughly with the
remainder of the water;  strain with strong ex-
pression ;  add the remainder of the sugar to the
strained liquor, and dissolve it with the  aid of a
gentle heat.  Strain the syrup through fine linen,
and having allowed it to cool, put it into bottles, 
                   SYRUPUS                 8

  which must be well stopped, and  kept in  a cool
  place.  Ph. U. S.)
    Syrupus Anticausoticus, see Anticausodic
    Syrupus Antiscorbu'ticus,  S. de Armora'cia
  compositus,  Antiscorbu'tic  Syrup.   (Leavee of
  cochlearia,  buckbean, water-cressee, horse-radish
  root and bitter orangee, each Ibj, cinnamon, ^iss.
  Cut, and pour on white wine Ibiv.  Macerate for
  two days; distil over Oj in a sand-bath; add to
  this of eugar,  ft>ij, and form a  syrup.  Again,
  take  what  remains in  the  cucurbit: pass it
  through cloth ; let it rest;  decant, and add sugar
  ft)ij;  make  into a syrup, and clarify with  white
  of egg.  Mix it with the  first while yet warm.
  Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic, alterative, tonic, stoma-
  chic,  Ac.   Dose, fgij to f^ij.
    Syrupus Aromat'icus,  S. de Artemis'ia com-
  positus, Compound Syrup of Mugwort, (F.) Syrop
  d'armoise composi.   (Tops  of artemisia vulgaris,
  in flower, ,^vj,  inula root,  ligusticum levisticum,
  and fennel, each ^ss, pennyroyal, catmint, savine
  leaves,  each §vj, marjoram, hyssop, pyrethrum,
  rue, basil, each § iij, aniseed and cinnamon, each
  JJix;  bruise and macerate in hydromel Ibxviij ;
  distil over  Oss;  add to this a pound of  sugar.
  Again, take the liquid that remains in the  cucur-
  bit, strain it gently ; and add sugar  Ibiv.   Then
  mix the two. Ph. P.)  Tonic, emmenagogue, Ac.
    Syrupus de Armoracia Compositus, S. anti-
  scorbuticus—s. de Artemisia compositus, S. anti-
  scorbuticus—s. Asparagi, see Asparagus.
    Syrupus Auran'tii, S. Aurantio'rum, S. Citri
  Aurantii, S. Cor'ticis Aurantii,  S. Aurantii Cor-
  ticis (Ph. U. S.), S. e Cortic"ibu8 Aurantio'rum,
  S. de Cortice  Aurantio'rum, Syrup of Orange
  peel.  (Aurant. cort. cont. ^ij, aq. ferv. Oj, eacch.
  Ibijss.  Macerate the peel in the water for twelve
  hours.  Add the sugar.   Ph. U. S.)  Stomachic.
r Dose, f JJj to f^ij.
    A Syrup of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy-
  rupue e succo Aurantiorum, may be made by add-
  ing white eugar ft>ij to Ibj of the juice of oranges,
  strained and clarified.
    Syrupus Balsamicus, S. tolutanus.
    Syrupus  Caryophyl'li Rubri,  S.  Dianthi
  Caryophylli, Syrup of Clove July flower,  Syrup
  of Clove Pinks, Syrupus infueio'nis filorum  cary-
  ophyllo'rum.   (Petalorum dianth., caryoph.  re-
  cent, unguibus resectis Ibj,  aqua bull. Oiv, eacch.
  purif. Ibvij.  Ph. E.)  Aromatic.
    Syrupus  Cassia Senna, S. sennas.
    Syrupus  de  Cicho'rio  Compos'itus,  &  de
  Rheo, Compound Syrup of Succory, (F.) Syrop de
  chicoree composi.  (Root of  succory ^vj,  leaves
  of succory ^ix, leaves of fumitory and scolopen-
  drium, each ^iij, Alkekengi berries ^ij. Boil in
  toarer Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, and dis-
  solve  in white eugar Ibv.  Boil till it has the con-
  sistence of syrup.  Again, take water Oviij, rhu-
  barb ^vj, yellow eandere and cinnamon, each ^ss.
  Infuse for twenty-four hours; pass through linen,
  and add the preceding syrup.  Ph. P.)   It is
  laxative and stomachic.  Dose,  fgj to f^ss.
    Syrupus Cinchona cum  Vino, S. de kina kina
  cum vino.
    Syrupus  Cincho'nia, Syrup  of  Cincho'nia.
  (Simple syrup one pound;  eulphate of cinehonia
  nine grains. Mix.)  Six spoonfuls are commonly
  sufficient to arrest an intermittent.
    Syrupus Citri Aurantii, S. aromaticus.
    Syrupus  Col'chici Autumna'lis,  S.  Colchici,
  Syrup of Meadow Saffron.  (Rad. colch. autumn.
  recent. 3J, acidi acetoei f^xvi, sacch.pur. §xxvj.
  Macerate the root in the vinegar for two days,
  occasionally shaking the vessel; then  strain, with
  gentle expression.  To the strained fluid add the
  augar, and  boil to a syrup.  Ph.  E.)  Diuretic,
  antiarthritic.  Dose, f3j to  f^fss, or more.
                 SYRUPUS

  Syrupus Corticis Aurantii, S. aromaticus —
s. Citri medicas, S. limonum — s. e Succo citro-
num, S. limonum.
  Syrupus  Croci,  Syrup  of Saffron.   (Croci
stigmat. §j, aqua fervent. Oj, sacch. purif. tbiiss.
Ph. L.)  Cardiac   Chiefly used for colouring.
  Syrupus  Diacodion, Diacodion — s.  Dianthi
Caryophylli,  S. caryophylli rubri.
  Syrupus Emeti'na, Syrup of Em'ethic. (Sim-
ple eyrup^yj, emetine 16 gr.)  In small doses, ex-
pectorant; and in  large, emetic.
  Syrupus Empyreumaticus, Melasses—s. Ferri
iodidi, Liquor Ferri iodidi—s. Hydrargyri, Syru-
pus de mercurio mediante gummi — s. Infusionis
florum caryophyllorum,Syrupus caryophylli rubri.
  Syrupus Ipecacuan'ha, Syrup of Ipecacuan-
ha.  (Ipecac, in pulv. crass.  3jj> alcohol, dilut. Oj,
eacchar. Ibiiss, aqua q. s.  Macerate the ipecacu-
anha in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter.  Eva-
porate the filtered liquor to 6 fluidounces, again
filter, and add sufficient water to make the liquid
measure a pint; add the sugar, and evaporate by
a water-bath to a proper consistence.  Ph. U. S.)
It may also be prepared by displacement.
  Syrupus de Jalap'a, Syrup of Jalap. (Pulv.
JalupaZx, aem. coriandr., fcenicul. dulc.  aa ^ss ;
aqua f'3xijss, aacch. |xxv.  Ph. P.)  Cathartic.
Dose, fgij to f^ss  for children.
  Syrupus de'Kina Kina cum Vino, S. Cincho'-
na cum vino,  Syrup of Cinchona with wine, (F.)
Syrop de  quinquina avec le vin.  (Cort. cinchona
officinalie  gij, ext.  cinchona 3VJ> viui albi ( Vin.
Lunel. vel cujuevia ei aim ilia,) Oj, alcohol (s. g.
.985,  to .915.) f%),  eacchar. alb.  lbiss.   Bruise
the cinchona; gradually add the alcohol, so as
to form a soft mass ;  pour on the wine; macerate
for two days, and  strain.  Dissolve the  extract,
add the sugar, and  make a syrup.  Ph. P.) Dose,
fgss to f|j.
  Syrupus Krame'ria, Syrupof Rhatany. (Ext.
Kramer, ^ij,  aqua Oj, eacchar. Ibijss.  Dissolve
the extract in the water, and filter; then  add the
sugar, and form into syrup.   Ph. U. S.   It may
also  be made  by displacement from Kramer, in
pulv. crass,  tbj, eacchar. Ibiiss;  aq. q. s.)  An
adjunct to astringent mixtures; or given  in diar-
rhcea, a tea-spoonful to a child.
  Syrupus Limonis, S. Limonum—s. Succi limo-
nis, S. limonum.
  Syrupus Limo'num, S. Hmonia, (Ph. U. S.) S.
citri med'ica, S.eeucco citro'num, S. e eucco limo'-
num,  S. succi limo'nis, Syrup of Lemon, Lemon
Syrup.  (Limon. succ.  colat. Oj,  eacchar. Ibij.)
Cooling, antiseptic.
  Syrupus  e Meconio,  S.  papaveris — s.  de
Melle, Mellitum simplex.
  Syrupus de Mercu'rio  Median'te   Gummi,
Mercu'riue gummo'eue Plenck'ii, Syrupue Hydrar'-
gyri, (F.)  Syrop de mercure ou Mercure gommeux
de Plenclc.  (Hydrargyri pur. £j, p. gum. aca-
cia, 3iij> eyrup diacod. ^ss.   Rub together till
the mercury is extinguished.  Ph. P.) Possesses
the properties of the blue pill.   Dose, gr. ij to
viij, or more.
  Syrupus Mori, S. e  eucco moro'rum,  S. succi
JTiori, Syrup of Mul'berriee, (F.) Syrop de mdree.
(Mori eucc. colat. Oj, eacchar. purif. Ihij.  Ph. L.)
Gratefully refrigerant.
  Syrupus e Succo Mororum, S. mori.
  Syrupus Morph'ia Aceta'tis, Syrup of ace-
tate  of morphia.   (Syrup,  one pint, acetate of
morphia, gr. iv.)   Dose, two tea-spoonfuls, as an
opiate.  It is  about the  strength of the same
quantity of syrup  of poppies.
  Syrupus Morphia Sulpha'tis is made in the
same way.
  Syrupus Niger, Melasses.
  Syrupus Papav'eris, S. papaveris somniferi
58 
SYRUPUS
839
SYRUPUS
S. papaveris  albi, S.  e meco'nio, S. de meconio,
Diaco'dion, Syrup of poppies, (F.) Syrop de pa-
iota blanca ou diocode.   (Papav. capaul. exsiccat.
et contus. exemptis  seminibus, 3*xiv, aacch. pur.
K>ij, aq. fervent, cong.  ijss.   Macerate  the  cap-
Bules in water for 12 hours; boil to a gallon, and
express strongly.   Boil the  liquor to  Oij; and
strain  while  hot.  Defecate by rest, and  boil to
Oj, adding the sugar so as form a syrup. Ph. L.)
One  ounce  contains about one grain  of  opium.
Anodyne and demulcent
   The Dublin college has a Syrupus Opii, called
Common Syrup of Poppiee, which is made by dis-
solving 18 grains of the Watery Extract of Opium
in 18 ounces of boiling water.  Properties, those
of opium  and syrup.
   Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, S. rhosados
— s. de Pomis compositus, see S. sennas.
   Syrupus Protea, see Protea mellifera. Syru'-
pus  Pruni Virginia'na, Syrup of  Wild cherry
bark.   (Pruni Virginia, in pulv.  crass, 3*v, sac-
char.  Ibij, Aqua  q. s.  Moisten  the  bark  with
water; let it  stand for 24 hours ;  transfer it to a
percolator; pour water gradually upon  it, until a
pint of filtered liquor has passed.  Add the sugar
in a bottle, and dissolve by agitation.  Ph. U. S.,
1851.)  Dose, as  a  demulcent expectorant, f^j
to f 3iij.
   Syrupus Qui'nia, Syrup of Quinia.  (Simple
syrup, 2 pints, sulphate of quinia, 64 grains.)  Six
spoonfuls are commonly sufficient  to arrest an in-
termittent.
   Syrupus e Quinque Radi'cibus, Syrup of five
roots,  (F.) Syrop  dee  cinq racinee.  (Rad.  apii,
fceniculi, apii petroselini, aa ^v.   Infuse for 24
hours  in  boiling water Oiiss, and strain.  Rad.
asparag., rusci aculeati, sia. ^v, aqua, Ovij.  Boil
and reduce to half; adding, towards the end, the
residue of the preceding infusion.  Boil again for
some  minutes ; strain, and add white eugar, Ibvj.
Ph. P.) Aperient and diuretic.  Used in obstruc-
tions of the liver,  spleen, and mesentery ; and in
dropsy, Ac.   Dose, f^ss to f^j, or more.
   Syrupus Rhamni, S. Rhamni cathar'tici, S. de
Spina cervi'nd, S. epince cervi'na,  Syrup of Buck-
thorn, (F.)  Syrop de nerprun.   (Rhamn. baccar.
succ  recent.  Oiv,  zingib.  rad.  concis., pimenta
bacc. contrit, aa ^ss, eacch. purif. Ibiiiss.  Defe-
cate the juice for 3 days, and strain.   To a pint
of this, add the ginger and pimento; macerate for
4 hours, and  strain; boil what  remains  to  Oiss.
Mix the liquors and add sugar,  so as  to form a
syrup. Ph. L.)  Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose,
f5iv t0 fo'J-
   Syrupus Rhej, Syrup of Rhubarb.  (Rhei, in
pulv.  crass.  3ij;  Alcohol, Oss;  Aqua Oiss; eac-
char. Ibij.  Mix the alcohol and water; pour f^iv
on the rhubarb, mixed with an equal bulk  of sand,
and allow the whole to stand four hours; put the
mass into a percolater, and gradually pour on the
remainder of the  alcohol and water.  By means
of a water-bath,  evaporate  to f^xiij; add  the
sugar, and make  a syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)   Dose to
a child, as a laxative,  one or two teaspoonfuls.
   Syrupus Rhej Aromat'icus,  Aromatic Syrup
of Rhubarb,  Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb.  (Rhej,
cont.  ^iiss;  Caryophyl. cont, Cinnam. cont aa,
 ~ss; Mi/rist. cont. 51J; Alcohol, dilut. Oij; Syrup
Ovj.   Macerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the
diluted alcohol for 14  days, and strain; then, by
means of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to a
pint, and while still hot, mix with the syrup pre-
viously heated. Ph. U. S.)  It may also be  made
by the process of  displacement
   The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is a gentle car-
minative  cathartic.  Dose to a child, f 3J ;  to an
adult, f 3J.
  Syrupus de Rheo, Syrupus de Cichorio com-
positus.
  Syrupus Rhce'ados, & de papav'ere errat'ico,
S. papaverie erratici, Syrup of Red Poppy, (F.)
Syrop de coquelicot.  (Rhcead. petal, recent. ft>j,
aq. fervent, f ^xviij, sacch. purif. Ibiiss.  To the
water,  heated in a water-bath, add the petals.
Remove the vessel;  macerate  for 12 hours; ex-
press ;  defecate, and add sugar to form a syrup.
Ph. L.)  Chiefly used to give colour.
  A  factitious syrup is often made of aloes, dis-
solved in simple syrup.
  Syrupus  Rosa, Syrupus rosa'rum soluti'vus,
S. e  roeie siccis, S.  rosa  centifo'lia, S. rosa'cens
soluti'vus, Syrup of Roses, (F.) Syrop  de rosea
p&les.   (Roea centif. petal, exsicc. 3V1J, eacch.
purif.  Ibvj, aq. fervent. Oiv. Macerate the petals
for 12 hours.  Evaporate the strained liquor  to
Ibiiss.  Add the sugar.  Ph. L.)  Gently laxative.
Dose, f3'j to f ^iss, or more.
   Syrupus Rosa Gal'lica, Syrup of Red Roeee,
(F.) Syrop de roeee rougee.  (Roea Gallic, petal.
exsicc. 3*vij, aqua bull. Ov, eacch. purif. Ibvj;
prepared like the  last.   Ph. E.)  Mildly astrin-
gent.  Added to stomachic infusions.
   Syrupus  Sacchari, S. Simplex.
   Syrupus  Sarsaparil'la, Syrup of Sarsapa-
rilla.  (Rad. Saraap.  cont.  Ibj, aqua  bullient.
cong., eacch. purif.  Ibj.   Macerate the root for  24
hours; boil to Oiv. Strain while hot; add the
sugar, and boil. Ph. L.)   Used in the same cases
as the root.   Dose, f3J to f^"') an<i more.
   Syrupus de Sarsaparil'la et Senna Com-
pos'itus,  Compound Syrup of Sareaparilla and
Senna, (F.) Syroj)  de  Cuiainier.  (Rad. Saraap.
concis. Ibij.   Infuse for  24 hours in warm water
Oxij ;  boil for a quarter of an  hour; pass with
expression, and boil again the residuum in Ox of
water.  Reduce this to  Ovj, and repeat the ope-
ration 2 or 3 times.  Mix all the liquors and boil
them together with flowers of borage, white roses,
senna leaves and aniseed, each 3*ij ', reduce to half,
pass, and add honey Ibij.  Boil to a syrup. Ph. P.)
It is considered to  be alterant, depurative, and
sudorific.   Dose, f^ss  to f^ij.
   A similar syrup, under the name Syrupus
Sarsaparil'la Compos'itus,  Compound Syrup
of Sarsaparilla, is directed in the Pharmacopoeia
of the United States.   (Sarsaparill.  cont.  Ibij ;
Lign. guaiac. rasur. J iij ; Rosa centifol., Senna,
Glycyrrhiz. cont. aa 3ij; 01, Sassafras, 01. Anisi.
aa m. v.;  01.  Gaultheria  m. iij ; Alcohol, dilut.
Ox.; Sacchar. tbviij.  Macerate the sarsaparilla,
guaiacum wood, roses, senna, and liquorice root
in the diluted alcohol for 14 days; express and
filter.  Evaporate the tincture in a warm bath to
four pints;  filter,  add the sugar, and form into
syrup.  Lastly, having  rubbed the oils  with a
small quantity of the syrup, mix them thoroughly
with the remainder.  Ph.  U. S.)      ,
   It may also  be  made by the process  of dis-
placement.
   Syrupus de Scammo'nio, Syrup of Scam'mony.
(Pulv. Scammon.  ^ss,  sacch.  alb.  3*iv. alcohol.
(a. g.  .985  to  .915) f 3* viij.   Heat the  mixture
moderately: then set  fire to the alcohol with a
lighted taper; agitate  constantly, until the flame
is extinguished.  Suffer  it to cool; pass through
cloth, and add Syrup  of Violets, f^iv.   Ph. P.)
^j contains  18 grains of scammony.   Dose, f 3J
to f^ss.
   Syrupus  Scilla, S.  seillit'icus, S. scilla ma-
rit'iina. Syrup of Squills.  (Acet. scilla. Oj, sacch.
Ibij.)  Diuretic, expectorant, and  emetic.  Used
in the same  cases  as the oxymel.
   Syrupus  Scilla  Compos'itus,  Mel  Sciiice
 Compositum,  Compound  Honey of Squill,  Com
pound  Syrup of  Squill,  Hive Syrup.  (Scilla 
SYRUPUS
840
SYZYGIUM
eont; Senega cont aa 3*iv; Antiin. et  Potassa
Tart. gr.  xlviij ; Aqua  Oiv ;  Sacchar. Ibiiiss.
Pour the water upon the squills and seneka, and,
having  boiled to one-half, strain  and  add  the
sugar.   Then evaporate to three pints, and while
the syrup  is  still hot, dissolve in it the tartrate
of antimony and potassa.)
  It may  also be  made  by the process of  dis-
placement.  Ph. U. S.
  It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup,
and  in  catarrh, especially in  children.   Dose, to
infants,  10 drops to a drachm, repeated every 15
minutes, if vomiting be desirable.
  Syrupus Sen'ega,  Syrup of Seneka.  (Senega
cont. 3*iv; Aqua Oj; Sacchar. Ibj.   Boil the wa-
ter with the seneka to one-half, and strain; then
add the sugar, and  form into syrup.  Ph. U. S.)
  It may  also  be formed by the process of dis-
placement.  Ph. U. S.
  This  is  a favourite stimulant expectorant (?)
with many practitioners.   Dose, f3J or f^ij.
  Syrupus  Senna, S.  cassia  senna,  Syrup of
Senna, (Senna 3*ij,  eem. fcenicul, cont. 3*j, sacch.
pur. 3*xv, aqua bullient. Oj.   Macerate the senna
leaves and fennel-seeds with  a gentle heat for an
hour.  Strain ; add the  sugar, and make into a
syrup.  Ph.  17. S.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  f^ij to
f^iss, or more.
  The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Sennd of
a compound  character, called Syrupus de pomis
compos'itus,  (F.) Syrop  de pommes compoei.  It
contains,  also, borage, bugloss, Ac.  Dose, f^ss
to fgij.
  Syrupus  Simplex,  Syrupus  (Ph.  U. S.), S.
Sac'chari, Sac'charum clarifica'turn, Liqua'rium,
Simple Syrup, Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire.
(Sacch,purif. Ibiiss, aqua Oj. Dissolve the sugar;
set aside for 24 hours; remove the scum, and pour
off the  clear liquid.)   Used to cover nauseous
tastes, Ac.
   Syrupus de Spina Cervina, Syrupus rhamni
— s. de Stoechade communis, see Lavendula.
   Syrupus  Toluta'nus, S. Toluta'ni, S. toluif-
era  bal'sami, S. balsam'icus,  Balsam'ic syrup,
Syrup of  tolu.  (Tinct.  Tolut.  f^iss; Aqua Oj ;
Sacchar. Ibiiss.  Mix the tincture with the sugar
ia coarse  powder; expose it on a shallow dish to
a gentle heat, until the  alcohol has evaporated;
pour the water upon it; heat gradually  until the
sugar is dissolved, and strain.  Ph. U. S.)  Use—
to give  flavour.
   Syrupus Vi'ola, S.  viola odoro'ta,  S. viola'-
rum, S.  e succo viola'rum, Syrup of Violets. (Flor.
recent, viol, odorat.  ft)ij, aq. bull. Oviij, sacch, pur.
Ibxv.  Macerate, in a covered vessel, for 24 hours;
pass, without expression, through linen ; add the
sugar so  as to form a  syrup.  Ph. E.)  Very
gently laxative.  Dose, f £j to f 3*ij.
   Syrupus e Succo Violarum, S. violas.
   Syrupus Zingib'eris, S. amo'mi zingiberis, Sy-
rup of  Ginger, (F.) Syrop de gingembre.  (Tinct.
Zingib. f^iv; Aqua Oiv; Sacchar.  Ibx.  Mix the
tincture with four pounds of the  sugar  in coarse
powder;  and expose it in a shallow dish  to a
gentle  heat  until  the  alcohol has evaporated.
Add the rest of the sugar, and then the water in
a covered vessel; heat gradually until the sugar is
dissolved, and strain.  Ph. U.S.)  To the strained
liquor add the sugar, and form a syrup.
   N. B.  The Parisian  Codex contained a few
uth<?r compound syrups  besides  those enume-
rated ;  amongst these is a Syrup of calf's lungs,
Syrupus e pulmon'ibus vituli'nis, (F.) Syrop de
mou  de veau, as an expectorant.
  These syrups are made according to the usual
rule, and  possess the virtues  of the  substances
after which they are named.
  SYSPA'SIA, from avairaia, (aw, and  airata,/I
draw,') ' I contract'  Clonic spasm, with dimi-
nished sensibility and inability of utterance.  A
genus in Good's Nosology, which includes  con-
vulsion, epilepsy, and hysteria.
  Syspasia Convulsio, Convulsion — a. Epilep-
sia, Epilepsy — s. Hysteria, Hysteria.
  SYSSARCO'SIS, from  aw, 'with,' and oapt,
'flesh.'  Oommieeu'ra ossium car'nea, Symph'yeie
oeaiuni muacula'ria, Connex'io oeeium corno'ea, Car-
na'tio, Concarna'tio.  Union of  bones by means
of muscles; such as the union of the  os  hyoides
with the lower jaw, of the scapula with the ribs, Ac.
  SYSTALCIS, Systole.
  SYSTAL'TIC, Syatal'ticus,  Peristal'tic ; from
tivortXXo), (aw, and  artXXia,) 'I contract'  A sys-
taltic motion in  a part is one in which  there is
alternate contraction and dilatation.  See Systole.
  SYSTAT'ICA, from awiarrffxt, (aw, and tarnpi,
'I place,') 'I associate.'  Diseases affecting seve-
ral or all of the sensorial powers simultaneously;
irritation or inertness of mind, extending to the
muscles, or external senses;  or of the muscles,
or external senses, extending to the mind; — the
4th order, class Neurotica, of Good.
   SYSTEM, Syste'ma, from aw, ' together,' and
tarnui, ' I place.'   This word,  taken in a  good
sense, means the collection and arrangement of
different matters having an analogy to each other,
or working towards the same  end.   In natural
history, it means a methodical arrangement of
beings for the purpose of facilitating their study.
System is, however, sometimes used  in  an unfa-
vourable sense  in  physical  science, and often
means, — a purely gratuitous  supposition,  by
which the march of nature  is  attempted to  be
universally explained, and to  which every thing
is made to bend.  In anatomy,  system  is an as-
semblage of organs, composed of the same tissues,
and intended for similar functions ; for instance,
the  nervous system, muscular eyetem, ke.
   SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method, according to
which every fact of a science is collected around
an opinion, true or false.   One who reduces things
to such a method is called a Sya'tematiat.
   SYS'TEMATIST, see Systematism.
   SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  Systematolog"ia,  from
avarnfta, ' system,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  The
doctrine or a treatise of systems.
   SYSTEME VASCULA1RE A SANG NOIR,
see  Vascular — e.  Vaeculaire  d  eang rouge, see
Vascular.
   SYSTEMIC.  Belonging to  the general sys-
 tem— as ' eyetemic circulation' in contradistinc-
 tion to the 'pulmonic'
   SYS'TOLE.  Same etymon as Systaltic; Sys-
 tal'sis, Constric'tio, Contrac'tio seu Anguata'tio seu
 Submiaeio seu Mica'Ho cordia.  The movement
 of constriction or contraction of the heart, to give
 impulse to the blood, or to cause its progression.
 It is opposed to the Diaatole of the organ.
   SYS'TOLIC, Syatol'icua ;  same etymon.  Re-
 lating to the systole of the heart, — as 'systolic
 murmur.'
   SYZYGIUM NERVORUM, Par  nervorum. 
T                      841                  TABES
   T BANDAGE, T. fae'cia, Fas'eia T.formis seu
 Helioi/o'ri, Crtt'cial Bondage.  A bandage shaped
 like the letter T.  It consists of a strip of linen,
 of variable  length and breadth, the middle  of
 which is  attached, at right  angles, to the extre-
 mity of another strip, also of variable length and
 breadth.  AVhen two such strips are attached, at
 a distance from each other, the bandage is called
 a double  T.   This bandage  is  used, principally,
 for supporting the dressings  after the operation
 for fistula in ano, in diseases of the perinaeum,
 groin, anus,  Ac
   T Fascia, T  Bandage.
   TABAC, Nicotiana tabacum—t. dee Savoyarde,
 Arnica montana—t.  dee Voegee, Arnica montana.
   TABACUM,  Nicotiana tabacum.
   TARARZET, Saccharum album.
   TAB'ASHEER, Tabaechir,  Tabaxir.  A  sub-
 stance found in the  knots of the bamboo, in the
 East Indies,  as a consequence of a morbid condi-
 tion of the part.  It is  distinguished for its great
 proportion of silicic acid, in combination with a
 small quantity of mineral and vegetable matters;
 as well as for its slight refractive property.  It
 has been used in obstruction of the bowels.  The
 sweet  juice of the bamboo stalks has also been
 called Tabaeheer.
   TABEFACTION, Emaciation.
   TABEFY, Emaciate.
   TABEL'LA,  Tab'ula,  Tabula'tum,  Lozan'ga,
 Lozan'gia, Mor'eulue, Morael'lue, a lozenge ;  Tee-
 eel'la,  (F.)  Tablette, 'a small  table.'   A  solid
 medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, and  mu-
 cilage; and generally shaped  like a disk.   See
 Pastil, and Troch.
   Tabella,  Table.
   TABELLA  ABSORBENTES, T. de Mag-
 nesia.
   Tabella  Ac"idi Oxal'ici,  T. ad eitem, Lo-
 zenges of Oxalic Acid.   (Acid, oxalic. Z], eacch.
 alb. £ss, 0im limonie, gtt. xviij vel gtt. xij.  Make
 into lozenges with mucilage of gum tragacanth,
 Ph. P.)   Lozenges are made  in  the same  way
 with the citric and tartaric acids.  They are re-
 frigerant.
   Tabella  de  Altha'a, Lozengee of Marsh-
 mallows.  (Rad. althaa, pulv., 3*iss, sacchar. alb.
 pulv. 3*ivss;  f. massa.  Ph. P.)   Demulcent; ex-
 pectorant
   Tabella Antimonia'les Kuncke'lii, Tabella
 de atib'ii  anlphure'to, Lozengee of Snlph'nret of
 Ant'imony, Mor'auli antimonia'les, M. stibii, M.
 etibia'ti, Trochis'ci stibiati.  (Amygdal, dulc. 3*j,
 aacch.  Ibss,  eem. cardam., cinnam. pulv., aulph,
 antim. prapar.,  aa 3*j i fiant tabellae.  Ph. P.
 Each to weigh  10  grains.)    Recommended  in
 cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, arthritic pains,
 Ac.  Dose, 4 or more.
   Tabella ad  Ardorem A entriculi, Trochisci
 carbonatis calcis — t Cardialgicas, Trochisci car-
 bonatis calcis.
   Tabella  de  Cat'eciiu et  Magne'sia,  Lo-
 zengee of Catechu and Magnesia, (F.)  Tablettes  de
 cachou et de magnisie.  (P. catech. .^vj, p. matinee.
 3iv,  p. cinnam. Z.i\j, eacch.  alb.  Itiss,  g. tragac.
 gr. xij, aq.  cinnam. q. s.  ut f. massa.  Ph. P.
 Each to weigh 12 gr.)  Antacid, absorbent,  and
stomachic.  Dose, 5 to  10  lozenges.
  Tabella  Cincho'na, T. de  kiiid  kind. Bark
Lozenges.  (Ext. cinchon.  sice. 3'ss,  sacch.  sjiv,
cinnam. Z.ss,  mucilag. g.  trag. q. s.  ut f. massa.
PL P.)  Tonio.
   Tabella de Citro et Diacarthamo,  T. de
Scammonio et Sennst
   Tabella  de  Ferro,  Steel lozenges, Tabula
martia'tee,  T.  inatauran'tee,  T.  antichlorot'ica.
(Ferri limat.  porphyriz.  3*ss, P-  cinnam. ^j, p.
aacch,  3V, g. trag. et  aq. cinnam. q. s., ut fiat
massa.   Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr.  Ph. P.)
Tonic, stomachic  Dose, v to x.
   Aromatic lozengee of eteel.  These consist of
eulphate  of iron,  with  a  small proportion  of the
Tincture of Cantharides.
  Tabella de Kina KinI, T. cinchonas.
   Tabella de Magnesia, P. abeorben'tee, Mag-
neeia lozengee.  (Magnes.  3*j,  sacchar. alb. 3*iv,
mucil.  g.  tragac.  q. s.   Ph. P.)  Absorbent and
antacid.
   Tabella de Rheo,  Rhubarb lozenges. (P. rhej
gss, sacch. Zy, mucilag. gum. tragac. q. s.;  f.
massa.   Each  to contain  12  grains.  Ph.  P.)
Stomachic and laxative.
   Tabella de Scammo'nio et Senna Compos'-
ita, Compound lozengee of ecammony and  eenna,
T.  de  citro et diacar'thamo.   (Scammon. 3''J>
Senna ;<^vss>  rhej. £iss,  caryoph.  Z,}, corticis
limon.  confect. 3*j, sacch. 3*vj J ?• massa.  Ph. P.)
Purgative.  Dose, gij  to gvj, or more.
   Tabella ad  Sitem,  T. acidi oxalici — t ad
Sodam, Trochisci  carbonatis calcis — t de Stibii
sulphureto, T. antimoniales Kunckelii.
   Tabella de  Sul'phure Sim'plices,  Simple
sulphur lozenges.   (Sulphur lot. 3*ss,  sacch. 3iv,
muc. g. tragac. cum aqua rossl praspar. q. s.  Ph.
P.)  Expectorant, demulcent, tte.  Used in  dis-
eases of the chest, and in  cutaneous affections.
Dose, a lozenge.
   Tabella de  Sulph'ure Compos'ita, Com-
pound sulphur lozenges.  (Sulph. lot. Z}], acid.
benzoic, gr. xij, rad. irid. p. ^ss, ol. anisi, gtt.
viij, sacch. 3*vss,  g- trag.  q. s.  Ph. P.) Aperient,
expectorant, and  stimulant. (?)  Dose, 4 a day.
   TABERNA MEDICA, Pharma copolium.
   TABES, Maras'mus  Tabes, Tabum, Tab'idness,
from tabere, 'to consume;' Te'kedon, Atroph'ia,
Decline.   Emaciation  of  the whole  body, with
general languor,  hectic fever,  and, for the most
part, depressed spirits.
  Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis — t. Coxaria, Ischio-
phthisis — t. Diabetica, Diabetes mellitus—t Di-
uretica, Diabetes  mellitus.
  Tabes  Dorsa'lis, T.  Dorsua'lis,  Maras'mus
tabes dorsa'lis,  Phthisis no'tias seu dorsa'lis seu
sicca, Myelophthi'sis, Myelatroph'ia,  Tabes ossis
sacri.  By this term is  meant a wasting  of the
body, attended at first with a pain in  the back or
loins, and afterwards  in  the  neck  or head, —
caused, it has been conceived, by too early  or too
frequent  addiction to venery.
  Tabes Glandularis, T. mesenterica, Scrofula
— t. Ischiadica, Ischiophthisis — t. Lactea, Atro-
phia lactantium, see Galactia.
  Tabes  Mksknter'ica,  Atroph'ia mesentePica,
Atroph'ia Infant'um, A. glondula'ris,  A. infanti'-
lis, A.  dorai, Parobya'ma mesenter'icnm, Ma'cies
Infan'tum, Padatroph'ia, Tabes glandularis, T.
Scrofttlo'sa, Scrofula  mesenterica,  Rachial'gia
mesenterica, Myelophthi'sis sicca, Febris hec'tica
infan'tum, Phthisie  meeara'ica, Physco'nia  me-
eenterica,  Meaenteri'tie, Meaenter'ic Diseoee, (F.)
Carreau, Chartre, Scrofulee ou Ecrouellea miaen-
tiriquee,  Etieie miaentirique, Rochia/gie misenti-
rique, Atrophie miaentirique, Phyaconic miaenti-
rique, Entiro-miaentirite,  Tuberclea des ganglions
misentiriques,  Phthisie misentirique.  An  en- 
TABESCERE
842
TAENIA
gorgement and  tubercular degeneration of the
mesenteric glands,  followed by emaciation and
general disorder of the nutritive functions.   The
disease is  often owing to inflammation or irrita-
tion of the lining membrane  of  the intestines,
giving occasion to enlargement of the glands of
the mesentery, — as injury to the upper or lower
extremities causes inflammation, and enlargement
of the lymphatic glands of the axilla and groin.
It occurs,  particularly, in children of a scrofulous
diathesis ;  and in those who are weaned too early,
or  fed  on indigestible substances.   Diarrhoea,
emaciation,  anorexia,  or  immoderate appetite;
hardness and swelling of the abdomen ; and, to-
wards the end, hectic fever, are the chief symp-
toms of this affection; the prognosis of which  is
usually unfavourable.   On  opening the bodies of
those who die  of the  disease, the  mesenteric
glands are found disorganized, tubercular, or in
a  more or less  advanced  state of suppuration.
The treatment  is the same as in  scrophulosis.
Frictions  may be added over the abdomen and
spine ; and mercury,  in small doses, so as to ex-
cite a new action in the system.   The food must
be  easy of digestion, and the bowels be kept
soluble.
   Tabes  Nutricum,  Atrophia  lactantium, see
Galactia — t Ossis sacri, Tabes dorsalis—t. Pec-
torea, Rachitis—t Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmona-
lis—t Scrofulosa, T. mesenterica—t. Senum, Ma-
rasmus senilis.
   TABESCERE, Emaciate.
   TABID, Tab'idue, (F.) Tabide.  Same etymon
as  Tabes.   Relating  or appertaining to tabes.
Wasted by disease.
   TABIDNESS, Tabes.
   TABLE, Tab'ula, Tabell'a,  Tabula'tum, Lam'-
ina, Pariee, Squama.   A name given  to the
plates of compact tissue, which form  the bones
of the cranium.  Of  these, one is external; the
other internal, and called Tab'ula vi'trea, on ac-
count of its brittleness.
   TABLES  DE MORTALITE,  Mortality,
bills of.
   TABLET, Trochiscus.
   TABLE TTE, Tabella.
   TABLETTES DE CACHOU ET DE MAG-
NESIE, Tabellas de catechu et magnesia.
   TABLIER, Ventrale cutaneum.
   TABOURET, Thlaspi bursa.
   TABULA, Tabella, Table.
   Tabula Antichlorotica,  Tabellas de ferro—
t.  Instaurantes,  Tabellas de ferro — t Martiales,
Tabellas de ferro.
   TABULATUM, Tabella, Table.
   TABUM, Ichor, Sanies,  Tabes.
   TAC, Influenza.
   TACAMAHACA,   Fagara  octandra —t Ca-
ragna, Caranna.
   TACHE, Macula.
   TACHE  EMBRYONNAIRE,   'Embryonic
spot;'  Cu'mulus,  Ger'minal cu'mulue,  Cu'mulue
germinati'vue seu prolig"erue, A'rea germinati'va,
Nu'cleus cicatric'ula seu blaetoderm'atie.  A name
given by  M. Coste to a spot seen on the blasto-
derma  about the end  of the first week,  from
which the development of the embryo proceeds.
   According to Bischoff, the blastodermic vesicle
consists here of a double layer — the upper one
the eeroue or animal; the lower, the mucoua  or
vegetative;  and between  these  is  afterwards
formed the vaecular layer.
   TACHE GERMINATIVE, see Molecule —*.
de Naieeance, Nasvus.
   TACHENCAUSIS, Combustion, human.
   TA CHES HE PA TIQ UES, Chloasma.
   TACHES  LAITEUSES,  .Plaques  laiteueee,
' milky spots or patches.'  AVhite spots occasion-
ally seen on the  heart, and  regarded by many
pathologists as the results of previous pericarditis.
  TACHES DE ROUSSURE,  Ephelides — t.
Rouges, Spots, Red.
  TACHYIA'TER, Tachyiatrus.   Same  etymon
as the next.  One who cures  speedily.
  TACHYIATRI'A,  from raXvs,  'quick,'  and
larpeia, ' healing.'  The art of curing quickly.
  TACH'YTOMY,  Tachytom'ia, from rax«s,
' quick,' and rofiti, ' incision.'   The art of cutting
or operating rapidly.
  TACITUR'NITY, Tocitur'nitas, Sige, 'silence,'
from tacere, 'to be silent.'  'State of a person
who does not speak.'  Morbid  taciturnity some-
times exists as a symptom of the neuroses, espe-
cially of melancholy.
  TACT, Tactue, from tangere, factum, ' to touch.'
A modification of the sense  of touch.  Passive
judgment by the cutaneous nerves regarding bo-
dies exterior to the skin. Tact is passive : Touch,
active.
  TACTILE,  Tac'tilia; same etymon. Relating
or appertaining to touch.
  TACTION,  Touch.
  TACTUS, Tact, Touch—t.  Dolorificus, Hapto-
dysphoria.
  TMDM,  Dae, cats.  A term used for a medi-
cine employed under the form of fumigation, pes-
sary, or troch.
  T^E'NIA, Te'nia, Foe'cia, from ratvia,  ' a fillet,
a riband.'   See Bandage.   Also a genus  of intes-
tinal worms, characterized  by an elongated, flat-
tened, and  articulated body, with four suctorial
oscula on the head.   Of this  genus, two  only in-
habit the human body—the Tania lata,  (see Bo-
thriocephalus latus,) and Tania eolium.
  Tania Acephala, Bothriocephalus  latus—t. cl
Anneaux courte, Bothriocephalus latus—t. d An-
neaux longa, Taenia solium — t Articulos demit-
tens, Taenia solium—t Cucurbitina, Tasnia solium
— t Dentata,  Bothriocephalus latus — t Grisea,
Bothriocephalus  latus — t Hippocampi,  Corpora
fimbriata—t Humana armata,  Tasnia solium—t
Humana inermis, Bothriocephalus latus—t Hy-
datigena,  Hydatid—t. Lata,  Bothriocephalus
latus—t. d Longuea articulatione, Tasnia solium—
t Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus — t Ner-
vosa Halleri, Ganglion of Gasser — t. Non  armi,
Bothriocephalus latus — t Osculis  lateralibus ge-
minis, Bothriocephalus latus—t. Osculis  laterali-
bus solitariis, Bothriocephalus  latus — t Osculis
marginalibus solitariis, Tasnia solium—t Osculis
superficialibus, Bothriocephalus latus—t Prima,
Bothriocephalus latus — t. Sane ipine, Tasnia so-
lium—t. Seeunda, Tasnia solium.
  Tania Semicircula'ris, T. etriata, Gem'inum
centrum eemicircula're, Limbue poete'rior cor'po-
rie  etria'ti, Stria  cor'nea seu eemiluna'ree  seu
termina'lea, Franulum novum,  Faacia eemicircu-
la'rie, (F.) Bandelette dee  iminencee pyrifomes
(Ch.), Bundelette, B.  demieirculairc, Lome cornie.
A medullary, grayish, semitransparent layer, situ-
ate in the groove that separates the thalamus op-
ticus from the corpus striatum  in the lateral ven-
tricle.
  Tania So'lium, T. oa'culi8 marginal'ibua eoli-
ta'riie, Tania  cucurbiti'na,  Tania huma'na  ar-
ma ta,  Hal'y eie  eolium,  Vermie  ciicurbiti'nue,
Lumbri'cii8 latua, Tinitt aona ipine,  Tania arti-
culos demit'tens, So'lium, T.  seeunda,  Tenia d
tongues articulations,  Tinia d anneaux longa,  Ver
aolitaire, V. cucitrbitoin,  Long Tape  Worm,  has
an almost  hemispherical,  discrete  head; an  ob-
tuse beak ;  the neck full anteriorly ; all the joints
slightly obtuse, the auterior very short;  the next
almost square, and the rest oblong; the  marginal 
T.ENKE
843
TAP3AR IA
foramina vaguely alternated.  The tasnia solium
is commonly a  few feet  long:  sometimes  its
length is enormous.   It is said to have been met
with  600  feet long.   It principally inhabits the
small intestines, anuVis not common.  The oil of
turpentine,  in  some  form, largely  exhibited,  is
perhaps the best remedy.
   Tania  Striata, T. semicircularis — t. Tarini,
Lamina cornea—t. Tenella, Bothriocephalus latus
—t A^ulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus.
   T.ENIiE COLI, see Colon.
   TjE'NIAFUGE,  Taniof'ugum,  from tania,
and fugo, 'I drive off.'  A remedy calculated to
expel taenia.
   TiENIOLA, Bandelette.  Used by  Gerber for
a simple, band-like,  or flat fibre, Filum tania-
 forme,  seen under the microscope.
   TAFFETAS AGGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra-
 pum adhassivum — t. d'Angletcrre, see Sparadra-
 pum adhassivum — t. Epiepastique, Sparadrapum
 vesicatorium — t.  Gommi, see Sparadrapum ad-
 hassivum— t.  Vieicant,  Sparadrapum vesicato-
 rium.
   TAFIA, Rum.
   TAIL LADE, Incision,  see Entaille.
   TAILLE, Lithotomy — t. Hypogaetrique, Hy-
 pogastric  operation of lithotomy, see  Lithotomy
 —t. Par le rectum, see Lithotomy—t. Poatirieure,
 see Lithotomy—t. Recto-vieicole, see  Lithotomy
 — t. Siia-pubiinne, see Lithotomy.
   TAKAMAHAKA,  Fagara octandra.
   TAL.  A word  formerly employed  for alkali.
 It also  meant the  dung of the peacock.
   TALC EARTH, Magnesia.
   TALCUM NEPHRITICUM,  Nephreticus
lapis.
   TALEN'TUM,  mXavrov.  An ancient weight
 equal to  54 pounds, 2 oz., 5 dr., and 24 grains
 Poids de Marc.  See Weights and Measures.
   TALEOLUS. Malleolus.
   TALIACOTIAN OPERATION, Rhinoplastic
   TALINUAI UMBELLATUM, see Mistura.
   TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot) — t Equinus,
see Kyllosis — t. Valgus, see Kyllosis — t. Varus,
see Kyllosis.
   TALON, see Calcaneum.
   TALPA,  ' a mole.'  Topina'ria, Tupina'ria,
 Talpa'ria, Teetu'do,  (F.) Taupe.  A tumour situ-
ate on  the  head,  which  has been supposed to
burrow  like a mole.
   TALPARIA, Talpa.
   TALUS, Astragalus, Malleolus,  see Calcaneum.
   TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa carambola.
   TAAIAR^EA ZECLA, Tamarindus.
   TAMARIN. Tamarindus.
   TAMARIN'DI  PULPA,  Pulp of  tamarinds,
(Tamarinds, q. s.  Digest them  with  a small
quantity of water, until they become of a uniform
consistence;  then separate  the seeds and fila-
ments, bv pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. U.S.)
   TAMARINDS',  PULP OF,  Tamarindi pulpa.
   TAMARIN'DUS,   T. In'dica,  T ham or indue,
Oxiphcenicon, Sil'iqua Arab'ica, Balampul'U,
Tamara'a zecla, Oxyphceni'cia, Aca'cia Indica,
Tamarind tree, (F.)  Tamarin.  Family, Legu-
minostr. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. The pulp
of the tamarind with the seeds connected by nu-
merous  tough strings, is exported  from the AVest
Indies, preserved  in  syrup, — Tamarindus, (Ph.
U. S.)  It  is refrigerant and laxative.  Tamarind
whey is  made by boiling 3*ij of the pulp with Ibiss
of milk.  AVhen strained, it is used as a diluent
in fever.
  TAMARISCUS, Tamarix  Gallica.
  TAM'ARIX. T. Gal'lica, T. Pentan'dra,  Ta-
moris'cus.   The Tamariak tree.  Family, Portu-
laceas.   Sex.  Syat.  Pentandria Pentagynia.  The
bark, wood, and leaves were formerly employed
medicinally; — the  former  for its  aperient and
corroborant virtues, in obstructions of the liver;
the latter in  icterus, hasmoptysis, and some cu-
taneous affections.
   TA Mil 01 R, CA VITE D U, Tympanum.
   TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine.
   TAMPON, see Plugging.
   TAMPONNEMENT,  Plugging.
   TANACE'TUM, T. vulga're,Tauci'sio,Athana'-
eia, Parthe'nium  mae, Taney, (F.)  Tanaieie vul-
gaire.   Family, Corymbiferas.   Sex. Syat. Syn-
genesia Polygamia.  The leaves and flowers  of
tansy have a peculiar, strong odour, and warm,
bitter taste.  They are tonic, deobstruent(P), and
anthelmintic.   Dose, Zss to Z).  The infusion is
usually drunk as tea.
   Tanace'tcm Balsami'ta, Balaami'ta mae seu
vulga'ria, B. euaveolena, B. major, Tanacetum hor-
ten'ae, Costus  horto'rum,  Mentha Roma'na seu
Saracen'ica,' Costmary, Alecost,  Cock-mint, (F.)
Menthe coq, Herbe au coq, Grand Baume.  A fra-
grant-smelling herb, somewhat resembling mint,
and  formerly  much  esteemed  as  a corroborant,
carminative, and emmenagogue.
   Tanacetum Hortense, T. balsamita.
   Tanace'tum Multiflo'rum.  A South African
plant,  which  is  used as  a  tonic, antispasmodic
and  anthelmintic It is given in flatulency, gout,
amenorrhoea  and dropsy  : but is especially pre-
scribed in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides and
other entozoa.  It is administered in the form of
powder or infusion;  the  latter acting also, as a
diaphoretic and diuretic.  It is used likewise as
a resolvent and anodyne fomentation.
   TANA IS IE  VULGAIRE, Tanacetum.
   TANASIA, Tanacetum.
   TANGE,  rayyn,  'rancidity.'   A  putrescent
tumour.
   TANINUM, Tanninum.
   TANNIC ACID, Tannin.
   TANNICUM PURUM, Tannin.
   TANNIN,  from (F.) tanner, 'to  tan.'   Tan'-
nicum purum, Tanni'num,  Tani'num, Princip'ium
adstringena seu  Scytodep'aicum  seu Byraodep'-
eicum  seu  Coria'ceum,  Scytodep'sium, Acidum
Tan'nicum, A.  Quercitan'nicuin,  Tannic  acid,
(F.)  Acide tannique.  A principle obtained from
oak  bark and  other  astringent vegetables, so
called from its forming the principal agent in the
process of tanning.   Pure tannin, obtained from
galls, by the action of ether, (see Ph. U. S.) has
been  employed  as  an  excellent  and powerful
astringent.   Dose, two grains repeated several
times a day.
   TANSY, Tanacetum — t. AVild, PotentiUa an-
serina.
   TAPER, HIGH, Verbascum nigrum.
   TAPE'TUM,  Ta'peetry,  Tape'tum choroidea.
A  shining spot, on the outside of the optic nerve,
in the eyes of certain animals, which is owing to
the absence of the pigmentum nigrum, occasion-
ing the reflection of a portion of the rays from the
membrana Ruyschiana.   Its use appears to be,
by reflecting the rays, to  cause a  double impres-
sion  on the retina, and thus add to the intensity
of vision.
   Tapetum, see Corpus Callosum.
   Tapetum Alve'oli, Membra'na exter'na den'-
tium.   The outer membrane of the teeth.  The
lining membrane or periosteum of the alveoli.
   TAPEAVORM, BROAD, Bothriocephalus latus
— t.  Long, Tasnia solium.
   TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot — t Pearl,
see Jatropha manihot.
  TAPSUS BARBATUS, A'erbascum nigrum.
  TAPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. 
TAR
844
TARTRE BRUT
  TAR, see Pinus sylvestris — t Barbadoes, Pe-
troleum — t. Mineral, Pissasphaltum.
  TAR'ACHE, Tarax'ia,  Tarag'mo, Tarag'mue,
'disorder.' A  disorder of  sight, which arises
from a blow, compression of the eye, or the action
of dust, smoke or other external cause. By some,
it is understood  to signify mild or incipient oph-
thalmia.
  Tapaxn rijs xotXtas,  ' disturbance of the beUy.'
Diarrhoea.
  TARAGMA. Tarache.
   TARAGMUS, Tarache.
   TARAGON, Artemisia dracunculus.
   TARANTALISMUS, Tarantismus.
   TARANTISM'US,  Tarentie'mne,  Tarantalie'-
mue,  Dinoma'nia,   Chore'a  Sancti  Valenti'm,
 Taren'tuliem, Tar'antiem.   A feigned or imagin-
ary disease in Apulia, characterized by excessive
avidity for dancing at the sound of instruments,
and which was  ascribed, by the vulgar, to the
bite of the tarantula.  A sort of tarantismus, con-
sidered peculiar to  Africa, and believed to be
 spontaneous, has been called Tarentiemue  Tan-
 gita'nue, Janon-tarentieme.
   TARAN'TULA, from  Tarentum or Tarento,
 a town of Italy where  it  abounds; Taren'tula,
 (F.)  Tarentule.  A species of spider—the Ara'nea
 Tarentula of Linnaeus, Lyco'ea Tarentula of La-
 treille, whose bite has been looked upon as dan-
 gerous.  Music has been thought to cure it.
   TARASCON, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Cha-
 lybeate springs in  the department  of Arriege,
 France.   They contain iron and carbonic acid.
   TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  taraxacum — t.
 Dens leonis, Leontodon taraxacum.
   TARAXIS, Tarache, see Ophthalmia.
   TARCHON SYTVESTRIS, Achillea ptarmica.
   TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus — t Tangi-
 tanus, Tarantismus.
    TARENTULA, Tarantula.
    TARENTULISM, Tarantismus.
    TARGAR, Juniperus communis.
    TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar
  was obtained, called Jagre.  It was once used as
  a tonic.
    TARI'NI PONS, Interpeduncular apace, Poa-
  terior perforated epace, Locue perfora'tue posti'-
  cue.  A cineritious substance, between the  cor-
  pora albicantia, which assists in forming the bot-
  tom of the third ventricle.
    TARO, Arum esculentum.
    TARQUETTE, Horniaria glabra.
    TARSAL, Tar'eeue.  That which relates to the
  tarsus.
    Tarsal Articulations result from the union
  of the bones of the tarsus  with each other.
    TAR'SEA  LATA (LIGAMENTA).   Three
  ligaments,  described by  Winslow as stretching
  from  the edge of the orbit to  that of the tarsi,
  with which, he thought, they formed  a complete
  layer of the  eyelids.  Zinn could not trace the
  ligaments all the way to the tarsi;  whilst Haller
  doubted altogether their ligamentous texture, and
   Zeis regards them as merely areolar substance.
     TARSEUS, Tarsal.
     TARSO-METATARSAL, Tareo-metatar'eeue.
   That which relates to tarsus and metatarsus.
     Tarso-Metatarsal  Articulations are those
   between the bones of the  second row of the tarsus
   and the metatarsal  bones.  The term Tareo-me-
   tatareal is  likewise applied to ligaments connected
   with these joints, some of which are dorsal, and
   others plantar.
     TARSO-METATARSI-PHALANGIEN DU
   I OUCE, Adductor pollicis pedis—t. Phalangien
   du pouce, Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis — t. Soue-
   phalangien rf\ petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi
digiti pedis—f. Sous-phalangettien du premier or-
teil, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis.
  TARSOPHY''MA, from Tarsus, and  ipvua,  ' a
tumour.'  A swelling of the tarsus.
  TARSORRHAPHY, Ta+orraph'iit, from tar-
8us,  ' the tarsal cartilage,'  and patpn,  ' suture.'
An  operation for  diminishing the size  of  the
opening between the eyelids, when it is enlarged
by surrounding cicatrices.
  TARSOT'OMY,  Tarsotom'ia, from tarsus,  and
Topn, ' incision.'   The  section or removal of the
tarsal cartilages.
  TARSUS, Planta  prima pedie, Rasse'ta  seu
Raeee'ta pedis,  Pe'dium, Cavic'ula pedis nodus.
1.  The posterior part of the  foot.  The tarsus
consists of 7 bones, arranged transversely in two
rows,  between  which amputation is sometimes
performed.   The first or Tibial row, (F.) Pre-
miere  rangie, R. jambiere,  consists of the astra-
galus and os calcis; the second or metatarsal, (F.)
secoiide rangie,  R.  mitatareienne, of the  sca-
phoides,  cuboides, and three ossa cuneiformia.
 2.  The Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages, Tareal fibro-car-
 tilagee, Orchoi,  Crepid'inee seu Coro'na seu  Che-
 la seu Un'gula Palpebrarum, Tharei,  are  two
 small cartilaginous layers, seated in the substance
 of the  free edge of  each eyelid.  The upper is
 larger and  broader than the lower.  Both com-
 mence at the bifurcated extremity of the tendon
 of the orbicularis  palpebrarum, and pass to the
 opposite commissure of the eyelids.  They are
 broader in  the middle than at their extremities.
    TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (impro-
 perly), Potassas supertartras impurus — t  Cal-
 careous, Potassae  subcarbonas — t Crystals of,
 Potassas supertartras — t  Emetic,  Antimonium
 tartarizatum — t.  Soluble, Potassas tartras,  see
 Potash.
    TARTA'REI MORBI.  A term employed by
 Paracelsus to designate certain diseases which he
 attributed  to tartar.
    TARTARI  CRYSTALLI,  Potassas super-
 tartras.
    TARTAR'IC ACID, Ac"idum tartar'icum, A.
 tartaro'sum, Acor tartar'icus, Acidum tar'tari
 eesentia'le,  Tarta'reoue  acid,  Sal tartari  essen-
  tiale.   (Potassa bitart.  Ibiiss, aq. destillat. ferv.,
  cong.  iij, crerce ppt.  Ibj, acidi sulph. Ibj.  Boil the
  bitartrate with two gallons of the water, and gra-
  dually add  the  prepared chalk, until  no  more
  bubbles appear;  let the tartrate of  lime subside;
  then pour off the fluid and wash the tartrate of
  lime  with  distilled  water,  until it is  tasteless.
  Pour upon it the sulphuric  acid, diluted with a
  gallon of boiling distilled  water ; and set the
  mixture aside for 24 hours, occasionally stirring
  it.  Filter and evaporate  to crystallize.  Ph. L.)
  It is refrigerant and antiseptic, but is chiefly
  used  for making  effervescent draughts with soda.
     TARTARUM, Potassae supertartras impurus—
  t. A'itriolatum, Potassas sulphas.
     TARTARUS  AMMONLE, Ammonias tartras
  — t.  Chalybeatus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Cru-
   dus, Potassas  supertartras impurus — t. Dentium,
   Odontolithos — t. Emeticus, Antimonium tartari-
   zatum—t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tartarizatum—
   t Kalinus, Potassas tartras—t. Lixivia?, Potassas
   tartras — t. Martialis,  Ferrum tartarizatum — t.
   Potassas  ferruginosus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t.
   Subpotassicus, Potassas supertartras—t. Superpo-
   tassicus,  Potassas  supertartras — t. Tartarizatus,
   Potassas  tartras.
     TARTRATE nAMMONIAQUE,  Ammoniae
   tartras.
     TARTRE BRUT, Potassas supertartras impu-
   rus—t. Cru, Potassas supertartras impurus—t. dee
   Dente, Odontolithos — t. Emitique, Antimonium 
TARTRUM
845
TELEPHIUM
 tartarizatum — t.  Stibii,  Antimonium tartariza-
 tum.
   TARTRUM SOLUBILE, Potassas tartras.
   TASIS, Extension, Tension.
   TASTE, Gustue, Geueis, Geuma, Geuthmos, (F.)
 Gc/Qt.   One of the five external senses, which in-
 structs us of the savours of bodies, and of which
 the tongue is the principal organ.
   Gustation, Gnstatio, is the  exercise of this fa-
 culty.   In disease, the taste frequently becomes
 variously vitiated.  The nerves of taste are pro-
 bably the lingual branch of the fifth pair and the
 glosso-pharyngeaL
   Taste, Savour.
   TAUPE,  Talpa.
   TAUROCOL'LA, from  ravpos,  'a bull,' and
 xoXXa,  ' glue.' Glue made of the ears and genitals
 of the bull.  It was formerly much esteemed.
   TAURUS, Penis, Perineum.
   TAXIS, 'arrangement;' from raaaia, 'I order,'
 'I arrange;' Repoeit"io, Reduc'tio, Syntax'is.  A
 methodical  pressure exerted  by the hand  on  a
 hernial tumour, for the purpose of reducing it.
 This operation is  generally easy in hernias that
 are free from adhesions, of small size, and with  a
 large opening into the sac; but it is very difficult
 and frequently impracticable in those  that are
 adherent or strangulated.  To perform the  taxis,
 the patient should be put in the horizontal pos-
 ture, and  in one in which the  parietes of the ab-
 domen  are relaxed.  The  manual procedure va-
 ries  in each species of hernia.  In  all cases, too
 strong pressure of the parts must be avoided; as
 inflammation  and gangrene  might  be induced.
 The displaced  organs  must be pushed into the
 abdomen, according to  the direction of the axis
 of the  hernial sac.  The reduction is sometimes
 favoured  by  blood-letting ad  deliquium; the
 warm bath ; warm fomentations ; tobacco; emol-
 lient glysters ; and, at times, by cold applications,
 as ice,  Ac.   In a case  of strangulated  hernia,
 should  the taxis fail, an operation becomes ne-
 cessary.
   TAXUS BACCA'TA.   The Yew tree, Smilax,
 Smilaa, Thym'aloe,  (F.) If.  Family, Coniferas.
 Sex. Syet. Dieecia Monadelphia.  The  ancients
 believed the  yew to be poisonous:  but the  fruit
 may be eaten without inconvenience.  The leaves
 have been often recommended in epilepsy.   The
 resin, obtained from the  bark,  has been called
 albir.
   TA YE. Caligo.
   TAYLOR'S  REMEDY FOR  DEAFNESS,
 see Allium.
   TEA, Thea — t Apple, see Apple tea — t Ba-
 hama, Lantana camara — t. Beef, see Beef tea —
 t Berried, Gaultheria — t.  Berry, Gaultheria—t
 Blankenheim, see Galeopsis grandiflora — t Bra-
 zil, Lantana pseudothea—t. Bushman's, Methys-
 cophyllum glaucum — t. Caffre, Helichrysum nu-
 difolium — t. Chicken, see Chicken tea — t Flax-
 seed, Infusum Lini compositum—t. Ginger, Infu-
 sum  Zingiberis — t. Hottentots',  Helichrysum
 serpyllifolium — t.  Labrador, Ledum latifolium—
 t Lemon-peel, see Citrus medica — t Marsh, Le-
 dum palustre — t  Mexico, Chenopodium  ambro-
 sioides—t. Mountain, Gaultheria—t. Mutton, see
 Mutton tea—t. New Jersey, Celastrus—t Oswego,
 Monarda coccinea—t Redberry, Gaultheria — t.
 Slippery elm, Infusum Lini compositum—t. Soot,
 see Fuligokali—t.  South  sea,  Ilex vomitoria — t.
 Spanish, Chenopodium ambrosioides—t. ATeal,
 Bee A'eal tea.
   TEAR  Sax. tear. Lac'ryma, Lach'ryma, Lac'-
 rima, lac'ruma,  Dacry,  Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon,
 Humor lacri/ma'lis, Eyedrop, (F.) Lai me.  An ex-
crementitioiis humour, secreted by the lachrymal
gland, and poured between the globe of the eye,
 and the eyelids, to facilitate the motions of thoae
 parts.  The  tears are saline, inodorous, and co-
 lourless.  They turn the syrup of violets green;
 and contain  chloride of sodium, -with  excess of
 base, phosphates of lime and soda, and albumen.
   TEARS,  DEERS',  Bezoar of the deer.
   TEASEL, CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus  sylves-
 tris.
   TEAT, Nipple.
   TEAZEL, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
   TECEDON,  Phthisis.
   TECNOCTONIA, Infanticide.
   TECOLITHOS, Judaeus (lapis.)
   TECO'MA RADI'CANS, Bigno'nia  radi'cane,
 Trumpet flower, Trumpet creeper, Virgin'ia creep-
 er.  Indigenous; the orange and scarlet flowers
 appearing in July.  Order, Bignoniaceas.  The
 leaves are acrid
   TECTARIA  CALAHUALA, see Calagualae
 radix—t. Ferruginea, see Calagualas radix.
   TEETH, see Tooth —t. Eye, Canine teeth—t
 Jaw, Molar teeth—t. Milk, see Dentition—t Neck
 of the, Collum dentium — t. Vitreous  substance
 of the, Enamel of the  teeth.
   TEETHING, Dentition.
   TEGIMEN, Integument.
   TEGMEN, Integument.
   TEGULA  HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis.
   TEGUMEN, Integument.
   TEGUMENT, Integument.
   TEGUMEN'TARY. Relating or appertaining
 to the  integument.
   TEGUMEN'TUM, Integument —t Auris, see
 Tympanum — t Ventriculorum cerebri,  Centre,
 oval, of the brain.
   TEIGNE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupinosa
 — t. Annulaire, Porrigo scutulata—t. en Anneau,
 Porrigo scutulata—t. Faveuee, Porrigo favosa—
 t. Furfuracie, Porrigo furfurans—t. Nummulaire,
 Porrigo scutulata.
  TEINESMOS, Tenesmus.
  TEINODYN'IA; from reivetv, ' to extend/ and
 o$wn, 'pain.'  Pain of the sinews or tendons.
  TEINOPHLOGO'SIS; from  rttvttv, 'to  ex-
 tend,' and tpXoytaats, 'inflammation.'  Inflamma-
 tion of the sinews or tendons.
   TEINTURE, Tincture — t. Ethirie,  ^Ethereal
 —t.  Rubifiante, Tinctura cantharidis.
  TEKEDON, Tabes.
  TELA,  Texture, Tissue — t Accidentalis Me-
 dullaris, Encephaloid — t Cellulosa, Cellular tis-
 sue— t Emplastica,  Sparadrapum — t  Erectilis,
 Erectile tissue — t Galteri, Sparadrapum  Galteri
 —t  Hippocratis cribrosa, Cellular tissue—t. Hy-
 menochondroides, Tissue, cartilaginous — t Hy-
 menochondrodes, Tissue, cartilaginous  — t. Ich-
 thyocollae glutinans, see Sparadrapum adhassi-
 vum— t Inodularis, Tissue, inodular — t Orga-
 nica, Histos — t. Vesicatoria, Sparadrapum vesi-
 catorium.
  TELAMON, Habena.
  TELAMO'NES, reXaptavcs, 'bandages.'   Char-
 pie,  used  for wounds; or linen, employed  for
 bandages.
  TELANGECTASIS, Telangiectasia.
  TELANGIECTASIA, Telangiec'tasis,  Telan-
 gec'taaie, Angieotelecta'aio,  Hamatotelangio'aia,
 Hamotelangio'aia, Angiecta'aia,   Anastomo'eie
 aneuryemat'ica; from rtXos, 'far,' ayyeiov, 'ves-
 sel,' and exraais, 'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of ves-
 sels.   Nasvus maternus.  Aneurism by anasto-
 mosis.   According to some, fungus hasmatodes.
 See Hasmatodes fungus.
  Telangiectasia Oculi, Cirsophthalmus.
  TELEPHTUM. Ulcus telephium.  The ancientd
gave this name to any ulcer of  a very bad kind,
and difficult  to  cure, because the  wound, which 
TELLURISMUS
Achilles inflicted on Telephus, degenerated into
a similar ulcer.
  Telephium, Sedum telephium.
  TELLURISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
  TELUM, Penis.
   TEMPE, Temple.
  TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'tum, Temper-
atu'ra,  Tempera'tio, Tempe'riee; originally from
tempus, ' time,' the great temperer ;  Complex'io,
Crasis, Eucra'sio.   A name given to the remark-
able differences that exist between individuals, in
consequence of the variety of relations and pro-
portions between  the constituent parts of the
body.   Thus, of old,  it was  supposed that, ac-
cording to  the  predominance of any one of the
four humours then generally admitted,—blood,
lymph,  bile, and atrabilis or black bile,—the ma-
nifestations of the functions were tempered or
modified so as to give rise to  a eanguine, lympha-
tic, choleric, or atrabilious or melancholic predo-
minance or temperament.  The idea of the exist-
ence of certain  of  these humours has been ba-
nished ; yet the influence of some, as of the blood,
lymph,  and bile, is still admitted by many.  Too
much influence has, doubtless, been assigned to
temperament in the sense in which it  was for-
merly and still is generally understood, although
there can be no question that difference of orga-
nization occasions a difference in the  activity of
organs.
  Temperament, Bilious, Choleric temperament.
  TEM'PERANCE,  Sophroa'yne, Nephal'iotee,
Sobri'etas,  Sobri'ety.  Moderation, opposed to
gluttony and  drunkenness.  The  advantage of
temperance, in a hygienic point of view, requires
no comment.
  TEMPERANTS, Sedatives.
  TEMPERATIO, Temperament
  TEMPERATURA, Temperament
  TEMPERIES, Temperament.
  TEMPLE, Tempus, Re'gio  Tempora'lis, Crot'-
aphus,  (F.)  Tempe.   A depression, on each  side
of the head, between  the forehead  and eye ante-
riorly, and the ear posteriorly.   The templee, dis-
tinguished into right and left, correspond to the
temporal fossa on each side.   The word is said
to be from  the Latin tempue, ' time,' because in
this  part the hair first begins to turn white, and
to indicate age.
  TEMPORAL,  Tempora'lie.   That  which re-
lates to the temples.
  Temporal Aponeuro'sis is a very strong apo-
neurosis, of a bluish, shining  colour, which is at-
tached  to the whole  of the  curved  line of the
temporal bone ; to the posterior edge of the malar
bone; to the superior margin  of the  zygomatic
arch ; and forms an  envelope for the temporal
muscle.
  Temporal Arteries, Crot'aphite Arteriee, are
several: — 1. The Temporal  Artery, properly so
called,  arises from the outer side of the  superior
part of the external carotid.   It ascends between
the ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex-
ternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it as
far as the zygomatic arch.  Above this it becomes
subcutaneous;  and, when it has attained the
middle of the temporal region, it divides into two
branches ; the one anterior—A. tempora'lis fron-
ta'lis seu inter'na seu ante'rior; the other poste-
rior — the A. temporalie occipita'lie seu  exter'na
seu supe'rior.   The temporal artery,  before its
division, gives off, 1. Branches to the parotid; to
the joint of  the lower jaw; to the  meatus audi-
torius, and to the masseter.   2. The  transveree
artery of the face.  3. The middle temporal, whieh
arises beneath the cheek-bone, and traverses the
temporal aponeurosis, immediately beneath  that
hone   II.  The Deep-ecated  Tem'porale. A. tem-
TEMPORO
poro'les profun'da,  These  are two  in number.
They arise from the internal maxillary, and have
been  distinguished, from their position, into an-
terior and posterior.  They send their principal
divisions to the temporal muscle.
  Temporal Bone,  Oe  tem'porie seu tcmpora'le
seu arcua'le  seu arma'le seu parieta'le inferius
seu crotaphit'icum seu memen'to mori seu mendo'-
8t(77i seu crot'aphus, is seated at the lateral and
inferior part  of the  cranium, of which  it forms
part; and contains, within it, the special organs
of  audition.   It is  usually divided  into  three
portions :—1. The squamous, Pars squomo'sa, Oa
lepidoi'des seu squamo'sum seu equamifor'nie, (F.)
Portion icoilleuse ou squameuse.  2. The mastoid
portion,  and, 3.  The Petrous  portion, Petrous
Proc"eee,  Pars petro'ea, Pyr'amie trigo'na, Os
lapidcum seu lapido'eum seu saxeum seu petro'sum
seu litho'ides seu durum seu prarupta rupi assi-
mila'titm seu  nervale, Pare pyramidalt'e ossis tem-
pori,  (F.) Portion pierreuee, Rocher, Oe pitreux,
Apophyse pyramidale, A. pitrie.
  It has, firet, an auricular  or  external face, on
which is a surface that makes part of the tempo-
ral  fossa;  the zygomatic procees ;  the glenoid ca-
vity ;  the fissure  of Glaser;  the meatus  audi-
torius externus ; the  mastoid process ; the digas-
tric groove ;  the canalis caroticue ;  the jugular
fossa; the etyloidproceee;  the etylo-maetoidfo-
ramen, Ac.   2.  A cerebral  or  internal surface,
which corresponds to the cavity of the cranium,
and on which is the Pars petrosa, the hiatus Fal-
lopii,  the meatus auditorius internus, the fissure
of the aquaductue vestibuli, a portion of the gut-
ter for the lateral sinue, Ac.   3.  A circumference,
on which is observed the orifice of the bony por-
tion of the Eustachian tube and the acquaductns
cochlea, Ac.  The temporal bone  is articulated
with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, malar, and
inferior  maxillary bones.  It is developed from
five points of ossification.
  Temporal  Fossa  is an excavation, observed
at each side of the head.  It is filled by the mus-
cle  whose name it bears, and is  formed by the
temporal and sphenoid, below; by  the parietal
and frontal  bones,  above;  is  separated,  by a
transverse crista, from the zygomatic fossa; and
completed, before, by the cheek-bone.
  Temporal Muscle, Tempora'lis, Crotaphi'tes,
(F.) Arcadi-temporo  maxillaire, Temporo-maxil-
laire (Ch.), is a broad, flattened, triangular mus-
cle, which fills the temporal fossa.  Its fibres are
attached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa;
and all converge into a strong  tendon,  which
passes under the zygomatic arch, and is inserted
into the coronoid process of the lower jaw.  This
muscle raises the lower jaw, and applies the teeth
against each  other.
  Temporal Nerves.  These are distinguished
into the superficial  temporal, furnished by the
inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair, behind
the condyle of  the jaw ;  and the temporalea pro-
fundi,— anterior  and poeterior,—furnished by
the same  nerve, at its exit from the cranium.
Sommering has given the name temporal to the
divisions sent by the facial nerve to the temporal
regions.
  Temporal Aains  were formerly called  JZtoi
or Aetoi Phlebee, Aq'uila Vena.
  TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE,  Attollens au-
rem.
  TEM'PORO-FA'CIAL, Tern'poro-facia'lie. Be-
longing to the temple and face.
  TEMPORO-FACIAL Nerve, Nervua temporo-faci-
a'lie.  A branch  of the facial nerve distributed
to the face and temple.
  TEMPORO-MAXILLAIRE, Temporal
muscle. 
TEMPORO
847
TENT
  TEMPORO MAX'ILLARY, Tem'poro-maxil-
la'ria.  That which belongs to the temporal bone
and lower jaw.
  Temporo-maxillary Articulation  or joint
of the lower jaw, is seated between the glenoid
cavity and  transverse process of the temporal
bone  on the one hand, and  the condyle of the
lower jaw  on  the  other.  Two thin cartilages
cover the surfaces of these  bones.   The one is
common to  the transverse process and the por-
tion of  the glenoid cavity, anterior to the fissure
of  Glaser;  the  other belongs to the  condyle.
This articulation  is furnished with an inter-arti-
cular fibro-cartilage, two  synovial capsules, and
two lateral  ligaments : — the one internal, and
the other external.
   Temporo-maxillary  Nerves  of  Bichat  are
the  divisions of  the  facial nerve, distributed to
the temporal and maxillary regions.
   TEMPUS, Temple —t Intercalare, Apyrexia,
Intermission.
   TEMULENCE, Temulentia.
   TEMULEN'TIA,  Ebri'etos,  Ebrios'itas, Me-
 thye'mue, Tem'ulence, Tem'ulency, Inebria'tion,
Intoxica'tion, Drunk'enneee:—from wine, QHno-
 phlyg"ia,   QSnophlyx'ie,  Vinolen'tia,  Vi'nolence,
 (F.) Ivreeee.  Plater gave this name to delirium;
 Ettmuller, to an  apoplectic condition, depending
 upon drunkenness;  the  Apoplex'ia  Temulen'ta
 or dead drunkenness.  Commonly, Temulentia is
 used synonymously  with drunkenness,  Methe ;
 and is  often employed in the description of dis-
 eases to indicate  a state resembling drunkenness.
 Mania e Timulentid is the same as Delirium Tre-
 mene.
   TENACULA,  Bone-nippers —t Volsella, For-
 ceps (lithotomy).
   TENACULUM, from teneo, 'I hold.'   A kind
 of fine hook attached to a handle which is thrust
 through the parietes of a blood vessel to draw it
 out and enable it to be tied.
   Tenaculum, Assalini's.  An ingenious instru-
 ment, invented by Assalini.   It consists of a for-
 ceps, or double tenaculum, the points  of which
 are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be readily
 received into  each other when the instrument is
 closed on the artery,  which it is by a spring.  Il
 is of great use when the surgeon has no assistant
 at hand.  The instrument is figured in S. Coop-
 er's " First  Lines."
   TENAILLE INCISIVE, Bone-nippers.
   TENASMUS,  Tenesmus.
   TENDON, Tendo,  Pronerva'tio, from rttvta, ' I
 stretch.' Tenon, a Sinew.  A fibrous cord, more
 or less round,  long, or flattened; of a white, pearl
 colour, and composed of very close parallel fibres.
 The tendons  are attached to the bones, by one
 extremity;  by the other, they receive the inser-
 tions of the fleshy fibres: sometimes they afford
 attachment to fleshy fibres at both ends; —as in
 the digastric muscle.  The tendons must be con-
 sidered as  so  many  cords, for transmitting the
 motion  of muscles to the bones or levers.
    TENDON  D'ACHILLE, Achillis tendo.
   Tendon, Cordiform, of the Diaphragm, Cen-
 tre, phrenic.
   TENDONS, TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub-
 sultus tendinum.
   TENEOTOMIA, Tenotomy.
    TJSNESME,  Tenesmus — t.  de VtEsophage,
 CEsophagismus — t.  Vieical, Bradysuria.
   TENES'MUS,  Teinee'mos, Tenae'mus,  from
 rtivia,  'I stretch.'  Proe'tica Tenesmus, Procto-
 tpas'mus,  Obetipa'tio Teneemue,  Tinag'mus,  (F.)
  Tineeme, Upreintea.  Frequent, vain, and painful
 desires to go to stool; — one of the  chief symp-
toms of inflammation of the lining membrane of
the digestive tube, as of dysentery.
  Tenesmus  A'esica,  Bradysuria — t. Vesicae
mucosus, Cystirrhoea.
   TENETTES, Forceps (craniotomy).
   TENIA, Taenia.
  TENNESSEE', MINERAL WATERS OF.
On the waters of the French Broad River, in this
state, is a large, clear, thermal  spring.   The heat
is  so great that, on  first going into the water, it
is  almost insupportable.
  TENON, Tendon.
   TENONT'AGRA, from  revtav,  'tendon,' and
aypa, ' seizure.'  A variety of gout, which  affects
the tendinous parts of muscles, or the tendinous
ligaments which strengthen certain articulations.
   TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy.
   TENONTOTRO'TI, from rtvtav, 'tendon,' and
rtrpiaaxta, ' I wound.'  They who are wounded in
the tendons. — Galen.
   TENOT'OMY,  Tenotom'ia,  Teneotom'ia,   Te-
nontom'ia, Sec'tio seu Dieeec'tio ten'dinum, from
rtvtav,  ' a tendon,' and ronn, incision.'  The ope-
ration of dividing a tendon, often practised  for
the  removal  of loxarthrus, or deviation  of  the
joints — as in club-foot.
   TENS EUR DE L'APONEVROSE F^MO-
RALE, Fascia lata muscle.
   TEN'SI ON,  Ten'eio, Teneu'ra, Taeie,  Diat'-
aeie, Entonia, (Enton'ia  is, also, used for over-
tension,) Conten'eio, Diaten'eio, from tendere,  'to
stretch.'  State of a  part, which is stretched,
when  its textures are  distended  by the afflux
of fluids, or  the accumulation of gas; or when
its fibres are  drawn, as it were, in  an opposite
direction, and are, consequently, more  resisting
than usual.
   TENSOR  CHOROIDEA,  Ciliary muscle — t.
Palati, Circumflexus musculus.                 '
   Tensor Tarsi.  A small muscle, belonging to
the inner  commissure of  the eyelids,  well  de-
scribed by Professor Horner, of Philadelphia, and
hence termed Muscle of Horner. It is about three
lines broad and  six long;  arises from the poste-
rior flat surface of the os unguis, near its junction
with the ethmoid bone, and passes forwards and
outwards, lying on the posterior face of the lach-
rymal ducts.   As it approaches the commissure
of the lids, it splits into two nearly equal parts,
 each of which is  appropriated  to  a duct, and in-
 serted along  its  course, almost to the  punctum
lacrymale.  Its chief office seems to be, to influ-
 ence the position of the puncta  lacrymale,  and
to regulate the course of  the tears through  the
lachrymal ducts.
   Tensor Tym'pani,  Inter'nus Auris, Internus
 Mal'lei, (F.) Salpingo-mallien.  A small muscle,
 whieh arises from the petrous  portion of the tem-
 poral  bone, and the cartilage of the Eustachian
 tube,  and terminates by a tendon, which is re-
 flected over  the processus cochleaformis, and is
 inserted into the apophysis of the handle of the
 malleus.
   Tensor A'agina Femoris,  Fascia lata muscle.
   TENSURA, Tension.
   TENSUS,  Penis.
   TENT, Tenta, Turun'da, and its diminutive,
 Turun'dnla, Penic'ulus, Penicil'hie, Penicil'lum,
 Motoa, Lemnia'ctta,  (F.) Tente, Meche, from  ten-
 tare,  'to try or  explore.'  In surgery,  tents  are
 small rolls of lint, of a cylindrical or  pyramidal
 shape, which are introduced into wounds  and
 deep ulcers,  to prevent them  from closing before
 they are filled up from the bottom.   Tents  are
 sometimes, also,  made of prepared sponge, gen-
 tian  root. Ac.  They  are not so  much used a*
 they formerly were. 
TENTACULARIA
848
TERRA
  TENT ACULARIA,Filariahominis bronchialis.
  TENTACULUM  CEREBELLI, Tentorium.
  TENTA'MEN MED'ICUM. 'A medical trial.'
An examination in  medicine, in  the  Prussian
universities, which is conducted  both in writing
and  vivd voce before the Dean of  the Medical
Faculty.
   TENTE,  Tent — t. du Cervelet, Tentorium.
  TENTIGO  VENEREA,  Nymphomania —t
Veretri, Satyriasis.
   TENTIPEL'LUM, from tendo, 'I stretch,' and
pellia, 'the skin.'  Ancient name of a  cosmetic,
with which, it was pretended, wrinkles could be
effaced.
   TENTO'RIUM, T. cerebel'lo anper-exten'aum,
T. cerebelli, Tentoc'ulum cerebelli, Septum trana-
verae (Ch.), Tronaverae aeptum, Septum enceph'oli,
Interaep'to   horizonta'lia Pacchio'ni,  Procee'eua
tranaver'sus dura matris, Lateral Processes of the
Dura Mater, Diaphrag'ma cer'ebri, (F.) Tcnte du
cervelet, Planeher du Cerveau, from tendere, ten-
turn, ' to stretesh.'  A process of the  dura mater,
which separates the cerebrum from the cerebel-
lum.   It  extends from the internal horizontal
spine of the occipital bone, directly forwards to
the sella Turcica of the  sphenoid.
   Tentorium  Cerebelli, Tentorium.
   TENTUM,  Penis.
   TENTWORT, Asplenium ruta muraria.
   TENUIS MATER, Pia mater.
   TENUITAS AQUOSA, Predominium aquae.
   TEPHROSIA VIRGINIANA, Galega Virgi-
niana.
   TEPIDARIUM, see Stove.
   TEPLITZ,  Toplitz.
   TERAS, Monster.
   TERATOG"ENY, Teratogen'ia,  from  rtpas,
reparos, 'a  monster,' and  yevtats,  'generation.'
The formation of monsters.
   TERATOL'OGY,  Teratolog"ia, from rtpas, rep-
aros, 'a monster,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
description, or the doctrine of monsters.
   TERATOSIS, see Monster.
   TERCERON, see  Mulatto —t. Black, see Mu-
latto.
   TEREBELLA, Trepan.
   TEREBENTHINE, Terebinthina— t. de Bor-
deaux, see  Pinus sylvestris — t. de Chio, see Pis-
tacia terebinthus—t. de Copahu, Cppaiba—t. Com-
mune, see Pinus sylvestris—t. d'Egypte, see Amy-
ris opobalsamum—t. de Giliad, see Amyris opo-
balsamum — t. du Grand Ca.ire, see Amyris opo-
balsamum—t. de Judie,  see Amyris opobalsamum
—t. de Meleze, see Pinus larix.
   TEREBIN'THINA,  from reppivSos,  or rtptHtv-
%s, 'the turpentine tree.'   Tur'pentine,  Botin,
Albotim, Altilibat, Brutino, (F.)  Tiribenthine, A
substance,  of the consistence of  honey, which
flows from many trees of the terebinthaceas and
coniferas families.   It is viscid; shining; more
or less transparent; inflammable;  of a warm,
pungent taste; strong  smell;  and is entirely
composed of resin and essential oil, without ben-
zoic acid.   It is soluble in alcohol.   See Turpen-
tine, Pinus palustris and Pinus sylvestris.  All
the turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, and ca-
thartic.
   Terebinthina Argentoratensis,  see  Pinus
picea—t Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea—t Ca-
nadensis, see  Pinus  balsamea—t Chia, see Pis-
tacia terebinthus — t Communis,  see  Pinus syl-
vestris — t Cypria,  see Pistacia terebinthus — t
 Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris — t Larici-
 na, see Pinus  larix—t Veneta, see Pinus larix—
 t. Vera, see Pistacia terebinthus—t. Arulgaris, see
 Pinus sylvestris — t. de Vinise, see Pinus larix.
  TEREBINTHUS, Terminthus—t. Gummifera,
Bursera gummifera — t Lentiscus, Pistacia len-
tiscus— t. A'ulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus.
  TEF.EBRA, Trepan.
  TEREBRATIO, Trepanning.
  TEREDO OSSIUM, Caries, Spina ventosa.
  TERES, Stron'gylue, Cylindroi'dee, ' long and
round.'   An epithet given to many organs, the
fibres of whieh are collected into round fasciculi.
  Teres  LlGAMEN'TUM,   (F.)  Ligament  rond.
This name is given to the round ligament in the
cotyloid  cavity  of the os innominatum,  which
is attached to the head  of the bone, and to the
bottom of the  cavity.   It is,  also, given to a
small fibrous fascia, which extends from the co-
ronoid process of the ulna to below the bicipital
tubercle of the radius.
  Teres Major, (F.) Anguli-ecapulo-hnmiral,
Scapulo-humiral (Ch.), Grand rond, is situate at
the inferior and posterior part of the shoulder.
It is attached, on the one hand, to the outer sur-
face of the scapula; to the corresponding part of
its  axillary margin;  and, on the other,  to the
posterior  margin of the bicipital  groove of the
humerus.  It carries  the arm  backwards and
inwards, and carries it, also, inwards in rotation.
When it acts with the longissimus dorsi and pec-
toralis major, it applies the arm against the late-
ral part of the chest, and keeps it forcibly there.
  Teres  Minor, (F.) Le plue petit  sus-scapulo-
trochitirien, (Ch.)  Petit  rond, Margini-eua-eca-
pulo-trochitirien, Nonua hu'meri  Placenti'ni,  is
situate at the posterior and inferior part of the
shoulder; it  is narrow and flattened, from above
to below, in its  inner half; and,  from before  to
behind, in the outer.  It is attached, on the one
part, to the outer surface of the scapula, near its
inferior angle;  and, on  the other, to the inferior
part of the great tuberosity of the humerus.   It
depresses the arm, and causes it to turn on its
axis from within outwards.  It also carries it
backwards.
   TERESIS, Observation.
   TERETRIUM, Trepan.
   TERETRON, Trepan.
   TERGAL, Dorsal.
   TERGEMINI, Trigemini.
*  TERGUM, Dorsum, Vertebral column.
   TERMINALIA, see Myrobalanus.
   TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature.
   TERMIN'THUS, Terebin'thus, from  rephiv$os,
' the turpentine tree.'  Phyma Anthrax, Termin-
thus, Berry or Fungous carbuncle.   The ancients
gave this  name to  a tumour, surmounted by a
black pustule, and resembling the fruit of  the
turpentine tree.
   Terminthus, Pistacia terebinthus.
   TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPERA ARTE-
RLE, Larynx.
   TERMONOLOGY, Nomenclature.
   TERMS, Menses.
   TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS, Magne-
sias carbonas—t Aluminis, Argilla pura—t. Ama-
ra aerata, Magnesias carbonas—t. Amara sulphu-
rica, Magnesias  sulphas—t Bolaris, Argilla pura
—t. Foliata, Sulphur—t Foliata mineralis, Soda
acetata—t Foliata tartari,  Potassas acetas — t.
Fornacum, see Bricks — t Fullonica, Cimolia
purpurescens — t. Japonica, Catechu,  Nauclea
gambir.
   Terra Lem'nia, Argilla bolus fiava, Lem'nian
 Earth, Lemp'nias.  A name given by the ancients
 to  a solid, reddish,  astringent,  substance, pre-
pared with the pulp of  the fruit of the Baobab,
 an African tree, according to Prosper Alpinus.
 It seems, however, to be an argillaceous earth.   It
 has been employed as an astringent. 
TERRAPIN
849
TETANUS
    Terra Livon'ica.  A terra sigilla'ta or sealed
  tarth from Livonia, redder than that from Silesia,
  *nd very astringent
    Terra Merita, Curcuma longa.
    Terra Noceria'na.  A whitish, soft, and  as-
  tringent earth, found  in the environs of Nocera,
  in Italy.
  ,t7xE«RA 0rlea'na> Pigmen'tum. urucu,  Urucn,
  (K) Rocou, Ronton, Bichet.  A pigmental matter
  obtained  from the  seeds  of  Bixa  Orleana seu
  Orella'na. seu  America'na, Orella'na, Orlea'na.
  In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery, and
  is considered to possess astringent and stomachic
  qualities.  It  is  called,  according to  its shape,
  Flag, Roll, or Egg Annotto.
    Spaniah Annotto,  Bixa,  is in  small,  oblong
  takes.  It is  chiefly employed as  a colouring
  matter.
    Terra Os'sea, Mate'ria oeeea.   Bony matter.
  The earthy portion of bones.
    Terra Ponderosa,  Baryta—t Ponderosa mu-
  natn, Baryta, muriate of—t. Ponderosa salita,
  Baryta, muriate of—t. Saponaria, Cimolia pur-
  purescens.
    Terra Portcgal'lica, Barroe, Bucaroe.  A
  reddish,  astringent,  styptic earth, obtained from
  Portugal.
    Terra Sigilla'ta, Seated  Earth.  A  bole or
  earthy matter, made  into little  cakes  or  flat
  masses, and stamped with  certain impressions,
  as with  the head of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To
  these belong the  Terra Silesiaca, Terra Lemnia,
  T. Turcica.   See Bolus alba.
   Terra Silesiaca, see Terra sigillata—t Tal-
  cosa oxyanthracodes,  Magnesias  carbonas — t.
  Turcica,  see Terra sigillata.
   Terra  Uri'jia.   The earthy deposit in the
  urine.
   Terra Vitrioli Dulcis, Colcothar.
   TERRAPIN, Emys palustris.
    TERRE BOLAIRE, Bolus—t. Noix, Bunium
 bulbocastanum — t.Peeante, Baryta—t. Sigillie,
 Bolus alba.
   TERRETTE, Glechoma hederacea.
   TERTIAN FEVER, Febrie tertia'na, An'etna
 tertianua,  Trita'ua,  Tertian Ague,  (F.)  Fievre
 tierce.  An intermittent, whose paroxyms recur
 every third day, or every 48 hours.  The mildest,
 and the most pernicious, intermittents belong to
 this head.  As a general rule, it is the most ma-
 nageable  form of ague.
   TERTIANARIA, Scutellaria galericulata.
   TESSARA, Cuboid.
   TESSELLA, Tabella.
   TEST,  DANIEL'S, see Docimasia pulmonum
 —-t. Hydrostatic,  see Docimasia pulmonum — t.
 Ploucquet's, see Docimasia pulmonum—t. Static,
 see Docimasia pulmonum.
   TESTA, see  Ostrea.
   Testa  Prepara'ta, Prepared Oyster-shell,
 Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous matter,washed
 with  boiling water, reduced to powder, and pre-
 pared in the same manner as Creta praeparata.
   TESTA'CEOUS, from resin,  'a shell.'  A pow-
 der, consisting of burnt shells.  These contain
 carbonate  of lime chiefly, and hence the term
 has been  applied  to cretaceous substances.   See
 Creta.
   TEST.E FORNACE.E, Bricks—t Ostrea?, see
 Ostrea.
   TESTES. The Testiclea. ATulgarly, the drones.
 A name, also, given  to  the inferior tubercles of
 the corpora quadrigemina,  to  distinguish  them
 from the superior,  called Notes.
   Testes  Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora.
   TES'TICLE,  Testia,  T. viri'lia,  Teatic'ulua,
 Orchis, Pomum amo'ris, Did'ymus, Her'nia, Gem'-
ini (pi.). Gemelli (pi.), Ovum, (F.) Testicule, from
       54
  restj's, 'a witness,-' because the testicles are evi-
  dences of  virility.  The name of two glandular
  organs, contained in the scrotum, whose office is
  to secrete  sperm.  The substance of the testicle
  consists of numerous conical, flattened lobules__
  lob'uli teetie — whose bases are directed towards
  the surface of the organ, and  the apices towards
  the corpus Highmorianum.  They are formed of
  a gray and softish  substance,  composed of tor-
  tuous canals, called  Tu'buli eeminif'eri vel Vaea
  eemina'lia, folded on each  other,  and of extreme
  fineness;  the  number of which, according to the
  estimate of Monro, is 62,500, and  the total length
  5,208  feet.  All  these canals,  uniting in  their
  course, pass through the corpus Highmorianum.
  concur in forming the epididymis, and give origin
  to the vas  deferens.  The  testicles are covered,
  immediately, by a fibrous membrane, of an opake
  white colour, and very tough, called Tu'nica Al-
  bugin'ea,  or, simply, Albugin'ea, Peritea'tie, of
  which the  corpus Highmorianum is only an en-
  largement.  Over this, again, is the tunica vagi-
  nalis, the second envelope of the testis.
   Testicle, Swelled, Hernia  humoralis.
   TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis.
   TESTICULE, Testicle.
   TESTICULUS, Testicle—t  Accessorius, Epi-
  didymis— t Caninus, Orchis mascula.
   TESTIMONIUM  MATURITA'TIS.  'Evi-
  dence of fitness.'  A certificate of complete edu-
  cation, required, in the Prussian universities, of a
  candidate, before he can be admitted to examina-
 tion for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
   TESTIS FEMINEUS,  Ovary — t.  Irritable,
 Orchidalgia —t. Minor, Prostate — t Muliebris,
 Ovary,— t.  Virilis, Testicle
   TESTUDINATIO CRANII,  Camarosis.
   TESTU'DO,  Chelo'ne, (F.) Tortue.  A genus
 of reptiles, including the turtle, the flesh of which
 is much esteemed as  an article of  diet.
   Also, an encysted tumour, which has been sup-
 posed to resemble the shell  of a turtle ;  Emphy'-
 ma encya'tie gang'lion.  See Talpa.
   Testudo Cerebri, Fornix — t Scapulas, see
 Scapula.
   TETAN'IC,  Tetan'ieum, Spaa'ticum, Convulei'-
 ui(?77,  Convulsive, from rtivia, ' I stretch.' A re-
 medy, which acts  on the nerves, and, through
 them, on the muscles, occasioning, in large doses,
 convulsions.  The chief agents  of this class are
 Nuv   Vomica,  Strychnia, Brucia, Arnica, and
 Toxicoden dron.
   Also, an epithet for a tonic convulsion.
   TETANOMATA, Tetanothra.
   TETANO'THRA,  Tetanom'ata,  Erngato'ria,
 from  rtravos,  ' free from wrinkles.'   Medicines
 which remove wrinkles. — Gorraeus.
   TETANOS, Tetanus.
   TET'ANUS, from  rttvta,  'I stretch.'   Spaem
 with rigidity, Convul'eio In'dica, Holoton'ia, Ho-
 loton'icua, Holotet'anue, Tet'anue universa'lis, Ri-
 gor nervo'eue seu nervo'rum, Exten'eio seu Dis-
 ten'eio, Enta'eia tetanue, Cat'ochue  cervi'nue,  Cat-
 ochua holoton'icua, (F.) Titanoa.  A disease which
 consists  in  a permanent  contraction  of all the
 muscles or merely of some,  without alternations
 of relaxation.  It is  characterized by closure of
 the jaws; difficulty or impracticability of deglu-
 tition ; rigidity and immobility of the limbs and
 trunk, which is sometimes curved forwards (Em-
 proathot'onoa), sometimes  backwards (Opisthof-
 ono8),  and sometimes to one side (Pleurothot'o-
 nos).   AVhen tetanus  is confined to the muscles
 of the jaws, it is  called Trismus.   It  is a most
formidable affection.   The means of treatment
are: —copious and repeated blood-letting: bath-
in£> cold and warm; powerful doses of opium, 
TETARTiEUS
850
THALAMUS
and other narcotics.  In Traumat'ic Tetanus, or | aperients and tonics; especially in female ob-
that which supervenes on a wound, every extra
neous matter must, of course, be  removed from
the wound, and soothing  applications be made
to it.
  Tetanus Anticus, Emprosthotonos — t Dolo-
rificus, Cramp — t Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos—_t
Lateralis, Pleurothotonos — t. Maxilla? inferioris,
Trismus — t  Posterganeus,   Opisthotonos — t.
Posticus, Opisthotonos — t Universalis, see Te-
tanus.
  TETART.EUS,  Quartan.
  TETARTOPHI'A,  from rtrapros, 'the fourth,'
and tpvca, ' I arise.'   Quarta'nus  remit'tens.   A
quartan, in which the intermission is inordinately
short or imperfect.
   TETE, Caput, Head — t. de Veau, Elephanti-
asis of the Greeks.
   TETRADRACH'MON, from rtrpas, 'four,' and
cpaxi"i, ' a drachm.'  A weight of four drachms
or  half an ounce.
   TETRAGONUS, Platysma myoides.
   TETRAHIT  LONGIFLORUM, Galeop-
sis grandiflora.
   TETRAMY'RON,  from rtrpas,  'four,' and /iu-
pov, ' an ointment'  An ointment of four ingre-
dients. — Galen.
   TETRANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus.
   TETRANTHE'RA  PICHU'RIM, Faba Pi-
churim, F. Pechu'rei.  The seeds of this Brazilian
plant have  been used  in  diarrhoea, dysentery,
flatulent colic, Ac  Dose, ^ij.
   TETRA'O COTUR'NIX, Coturnix, the Quail,
(F.) Caille.   The quail is an esteemed article of
diet.   The Greek  name is opru£;  and the places,
called Ortygia, are named after  it.   The excre-
ments of the quail were formerly  extolled in epi-
lepsy, and the fat  in specks of the eye.
   TETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from rtrpas,  'four,'
and tpappaxov, 'a medicine.'   A medicine consist-
ing of four ingredients.
   TETRAS'CELUS.from rerpa, 'four,' andawXos,
 'leg.'  A monster  having four legs. — Gurlt.
   TETROB'OLON.  The weight of four  oboli,
 or two scruples.— Gorraeus.
    TETROROS, Astragalus.
   TETTER,  Herpes — t Crusted, Impetigo — t.
 Honeycomb,  Porrigo favosa—t Humid, Eczema
 impetigo — t Milky, Porrigo larvalis — t Pustu-
 lar, Impetigo — t  Running, Impetigo — t Scaly,
 Psoriasis.
    TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus.
    TEUCRIUM jEGYPTIACUM, T. capitatum
 —t Belium, T. capitatum.
    Teucrium   Capita'tum,   Foley Mountain of
 Montpel'lier,  T. Bel'ium seu ^Egypti'acum, Po'-
 lium Capita'tum, is, generally, substituted for the
 last  The  common Poley Mountain is the Teu-
 crium monta'num; and the  Golden  Poley Moun-
 tain, the !TeHeritti7i Po'lium,  Po'lion.
    Teu'crium  Chama'drys,  T. officina'le,  Cha-
 madrye, C. minor repens,  C. vulga'ris, Quer'cula
 minor  seu  Calamandri'na,  Trisea'go, Chama'-
 drope, Trixa'go,  Common German'der, Creeping
  Germander,Small Germander,Englieh Treacle, (F.)
 Petit chene, Germandrie officinale. Family, Labi-
 atae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia.  This
 is possessed  of aromatic and bitter properties.
  The dose of the dried powder is  from gss to JJj-
    Teucrium Chamap'itys,  Chamapitye, Arthet'-
  ica, Arthretica, Aju'ga, A. Chamap'itye, Bu'gula
  Chama'pitye, Abiga, Chamamo'rue, Iva arthrit'-
  ica, Hotec'yron, Io'nia, Sideri'tie,  CommonGround-
  pine, (F.) Petite  Ivette.   Properties like the last.
  The tops or leaves  have  been recommended aa
structions, and in paralytic disorders.
  Teucrium  Cret'icum,  T.  hyasopifo'Uum  seu
Roamarinifo'lium, Roamari'nua atti'chadia facie,
Poley-mountain  of Candy, Po'lium  Cret'icum.
The tops and whole herb enter into the old com-
pounds, Mithridate and Theriaca.   It has a  mo-
derately aromatic  smell; and  a  nauseous, bitter
taste, and is placed among the aperients and  cor-
roborants.
  Teucrium Flavum  has similar properties to
T. chamasdrys.
  Teucrium Hyssopifolium, T. Creticum.
  Teucrium Iva,  Chama'pitys  moscha'ta,  Iva
moscha'ta Monapelien'eium, Iva,  Chamapitye an-
thyl'lus, French  Groundpine, (F.) Ivette muequie.
It has  similar virtues to T. Chamaspitys, but is
weaker.
  Teucrium Maritimum,  T. Marum.
  Teucrium Marum, T. marit'imum, Marum Sy-
riacum, Marum  Cret'icum,  Majora'na  Syriaca,
Marum verum, M. Cortu'ei, Chama'drye  inca'na
marit'ima seu marum, Marum germander, Syrian
herb maetich, Cat  thyme,   Orig'anum Syriacum,
(F.) Marum ou  Germandrie maritime, Herbe aux
chate.   A very aromatic plant, of a camphorated
smell; formerly  much used in medicine as a tonic,
antispasmodic, emmenagogue, Ac
  Teucrium Officinale, T. chamasdrys—t Pa-
lustre,  T. scordium — t Pyramidale,  Ajuga — t.
Rosmarinifolium, T. Creticum.
  Teucrium Scor'dium, T.palue'tre,  Water  Ger-
mander, Scordium, Triaea'go palua'tria,  Chama-
drye paluelrie  seu ecor'dium, Al'lium red'olena,
(F.) Germandrie Scorodone, Sauge dea boie,  Ger-
mandrie aquatique.  The leaves have a garlicky
smell, and  bitterish,  slightly pnngent taste.  It
has the tonic properties of the other Teucria.
  TEXTUM INTERLOBULARE, Interlobular
tissue.
   TEXTURA, Texture — t. Organica, Histos.
   TEX'TURAL.  Same etymon  as Texture.  Re-
lating or appertaining to a texture.
   TEXTURE,  Textii'ra,  Textue, from texere, tex-
 tum, 'to weave.' Tela, Hypha, Hyphe.  The par-
 ticular arrangement of the tissues that constitute
 an organ.
   TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue—t. Cellulosus, Cellu-
 lar tissue—t Desmosus, Desmoid tissue—t.  Ner-
 vorum, Plexus  nervorum—t Organicus, Cellular
 tissue—t Papillaris,  Corpus papillare—t. Paren-
 chymals, Cellular tissue.
   TH.ERIA, Radzyge.
   THAL'AMUS, SaXauos, (F.) Couche.  'A  room
 or chamber; a  bed.'  The place at which a nerve
 originates,  or has been considered to  originate.
   Thal'ami Nervo'rum Optico'rum  seu Op'tici,
 Eminen'tia magna cer'ebri, Ganglia  cerebri poe-
 ti'ca,  Crura medul'la oblonga'ta (of  some), Stri-
 a'ta cor'pora euper'na posterio'ra, Collic'uli ner-
 vo'rum optico'rum, Optic  thal'ami, Posterior cer'-
 ebral gan'glion, (F.) Couches dee nerfs oculoirea,
 (Ch.) Couchea dee nerfa optiquea, Couchea optiqnes.
 Two rounded  and irregular  surfaces, which  are
 seen exposed in the lateral ventricles  of the  brain,
 and in the third  ventricle, the inferior surface of
 which presents two projections, called  Corpora
 genicula'ta, that furnish  several filaments to the
 optic nerves.  The name was given from a  belief
 that the optic nerves originate from them.  They,
 however, arise more posteriorly, and adh ere merely
 to the inner margin of those bodies.   Gall  consi-
 ders,  that  the  thalami act as  ganglions  to the
 nerves ; and, hence, he calls them Grand ganglion
 ceribral infirieur.  They are, also, called  Poate-
 rior ganglion of the cerebrum.  From the thalami
 and corpora striata fibres proceed upwards to con ■
 stitute the convolutions  of  the  brain, and the 
                 THALICTRON

Yarious bands that connect the different parts of
the brain together.  The upper and inner parts
of the thalami are so closely connected as to form
one continued surface,  called Commissu'ra mollis.
The posterior  parts turn downwards  and  out-
wards ;  after which they are elongated to form
the two white cords, termed Tractns op'tici.
   Thalamus Regalis, Pericardium.
   THALICTRON, Thalictrum, T. magnum, seu
flavum seu fiavee'cene seu praten'ee seu ni'gricane
aeu rugo'eum seu vagina'tum, Meadow-rue, Poor
Man'e  Rhubarb, Rhabar'barum pau'perum,  (F.)
Pigamon  jaundtre, Rue  dee pris,  Faueee-Rhu-
barbe, Rhubarbe dee pauvree. Family, Ranuncu-
laceas.  Sex. Syat.  Polyandria Polygynia.   The
root resembles rhubarb in its properties.
   THALICTRUM ANEMONOI'DES, Meadow
Rue, Rue-leaved Anem'ony ;  an indigenous plant,
flowering in April and  May.
   THAMARINDUS, Tamarindus.
   THANASIMUS, Mortal.
   THANATODES, Mortal.
   THAN'ATOID, ThanatoVdee;  from  davaros,
'death,'  and  tioos, 'resemblance.'   Resembling
death.  Apparently dead.
   THANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog"ia,  Thneeco-
log"ia,  from davaros, ' death,' and Xoyos, 'a dis-
course.'  A description, or the doctrine, of death.
   THANATOS, Death.
   THAP'SIA,  from the island  Thapsus.   The
deadly carrot, Thapaia a8cle'piae.  Family, Um-
belliferas.  Sex. Sy8t. Pentandria  Digynia.   The
root operates violently, both upwards and down-
wards.   It is not used.
   THAPSUS  BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum.
   THARSI, see Tarsus.
   THASPIUM ATROPURPU'REUM, Th. cor-
da! tum, Round heart.  The flowers, which appear
in June, are of a dark purple.
   Thas'pium Barbino'de, Meadow Parsnep. An
indigenous plant, of the  Northern and Western
States,— Order, Umbelliferas, — which flowers in
June.  Flowers, yellow.
   Both  plants have been esteemed vulnerary,
antisyphilitic,  and diaphoretic; and as antidotes
to the bite of a rattlesnake.
   Thaspium Cordatum, Th. atropurpureum.
   THE, Thea—t. dee  Apalachee, Ilex vomitoria
—t. de France, Salvia—t. d'Europe, Salvia vero-
nica— t. de la Mer du eud, Ilex vomitoria—t. du
Mexique,  Chenopodium ambrosioides — t. de Si-
mon Pauli, Myrica gale — t. Suieee, Falltranck.
   THEA, Chaa,  Tea, (F.) Thi.   There are two
principal species of tea-plant; the Thea Bohe'a,
and  Thea vir'idis; the black tea, and the green.
Family, Hesperideas.  Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mo-
nogynia.  In commerce, many kinds of tea are
met  with.  Several of the  differences  between
these appear to result from the age at which the
leaves have been collected, and the mode  of their
desiccation.
   Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe about
the year 1666;  since which time its use has become
almost universal;  and, in spite of the assertions of
medical terrorists, it is, except in particular idio-
eyncracies, entirely harmless.
   By an analogical transference, very common
in language, the word Tea has been used almost
synonymously with infusion, as Beef  tea, Mint
tea, Ac.
  Thea Germanica, Areronica.
  THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF.  A name given to
supposititious  branches of  the coronary veins,
which Christopher Adam Thebesius, a German
anatomist, described as  opening  into the heart
by  small depressions  observable in the right
auricle; and which have been called Foram'ina
il                 THEORY

 Thebe'sii,  No such veins can be demonstrated.
 The valve, at the orifice of  the coronary vein,
 in the right ventricle, is called Valvula Thebe'eii,
 V. Guiffartia'na, V.  vena magna.
   THECA, Case, Aragina,  Sheath —t.  Cerebri,
 Cranium—t Cordis,  Pericardium—t A7ertebralis,
 see Vertebra] canal.
   THEION, Sulphur.
   THEIOPEG.E, Water, mineral (sulphureous.)
   THEIOTHERM^E,  Waters, mineral, sulphu
 reous.
   THELASIS, Lactation.
   THELASMUS, Lactation.
   THELASTRIA, Nurse.
   THELE, Nipple, Papilla.
   THELI'TIS,  from 611X17, 'the female nipple,'
 'the female breast,' and itis,  denoting inflamma.
 tion.   Inflammation of the nipple.
   THELON'CUS, Mastoncus.
   THELOS, Mamma.
   THELYGON'IA,  from SnXos, 'pertaining to
 the female sex,' and yovtf, 'generation.'  The part
 taken by the female  in the act of generation.
 Also, nymphomania.
   THELYGONUM, Sperm (of the female.)
   THELYPTERIS, Pteris aquilina.
   THENAD, Thenal.
   THENAL,  Thenar; same etymon as thenar.
 Relating or appertaining to the thenar.
   Thenal Aspect.  An aspect towards the  side
 on which the thenar is  situated.—Barclay.  The-
 nad is used,  adverbially,  by the same writer, to
 signify 'towards the thenal aspect'
   THENAR, Sevap,  from Stvta, 'I  strike.'   The
 palm of the hand, or sole of the foot.
   Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis manus, Palm.
   Thenar or  Thenal Em'inence  is the projec-
 tion at the anterior and outer part of the hand,
 formed by the abductor brevis, opponens,  and
 flexor brevis pollicles.
   Thenar or  Thenal  Muscle.   Riolan  and
 Winslow  give  this  name to the   fleshy  mass,
 formed of the  abductor brevis, opponens pollicis
 and the anterior part of the flexor brevis pollicis
 In the foot,  Winslow gives  the  name  Thend
 muecle to the  abductor and flexor  brevis pollicit
 pedis.
   THEOBROMA CACAO, Cacao.
   THEOMANIA, Demonomania.
   THEOPLEGIA, Apoplexy.
   THEOPLEXIA, Apoplexy.
   THEORETTCAL,  Theoret'icne,  Thco'riciw.,
 from  Saaptia, 'I contemplate.'  (F.) Thioritiqut
 Thiorique.  That which is confined to theory, w
 is connected with it. An epithet also applied ty»
 a sect of physicians, who founded  their doctrine
 chiefly on reasoning.
   THEORIA, Theory.
   THEORIQUE, Theoretical.
   THE'ORY,  Theo'ria, from Sttopcta, 'I contem-
 plate.'  The speculative part of a  science.   Tho
 connexion established  in the mind between  a
 general fact, or the least possible number of gene-
 ral facts, and all the particular facts dependent
 thereon:  for example, the motions of the heavenly
 bodies, and the most important natural  pheno-
 mena are  connected with a single fact, previously
 known by observation; viz. that the force of gra-
 vity acts inversely according  to the  square of the
 distance.   This constitutes the theory of univer-
 sal gravitation.   Theory must not be confounded
 with eyatem.  Theory regards nature as it is,  and
 is a rigid deduction from facts.   System  is too
 often the  creature of the imagination, to which
 nature is made to bend.
   Theory of  Medicine, Inatitutea  of Medicine,
 Theoretical Medicine, is that  part of the science
8
> 
THEIOTHERALE
852
THIRST
which  attempts philosophically to account for
the various phenomena  that present themselves
during health  as  well as  in  disease.   It is the
philosophy of Medicine.   The Institutes of Medi-
cine are generally considered to comprise Phy-
siology and its applications to Pathology, Hy-
giene,  and Therapeutics.   By some, it is  con-
sidered to  include General Pathology and Gene-
ral Therapeutics.
  THEIOTHERM.E, Waters, mineral, sulphu-
reous.
  THERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics.
  THERAPEUSIS,  Therapeutics.
  TIIERAPEUTA, Therapeutist.
  THERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics.
  THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice, Therapeu'-
eia, Therapen'sis, latrotech'nice, Practice of Phy-
sic, Therapei'a, Therapi'a, Curato'ria Meth'odus,
Methodus  Meden'di, from $cpairtvto,  ' I wait upon,
I alleviate, I attend upon the sick.'  (F.) Thira-
peutique.   That part of medicine,  the  object of
which is the treatment of disease.   AVith others,
the department which comprises an explanation
of the modus operandi of medicines.
   THERAPEUTIQUE, Therapeutics.
  THERAPEU'TIST,  Therapeu'ta.  Same ety-
mon.  One who practises  therapeutics.  A prac-
titioner of medicine.   To be a good therapeutist,
a man must be well versed in every department
of medicine, and be capable of observing and rea-
soning well.   He may be a good  observer, and
yet a bad  reaeoner.   He cannot practise well un-
less he is both.  Hence, the comparatively small
number of good therapeutists.
  THERAPIA, Therapeutics.
  THERIA, Radzyge.
  THERIAC,  Theriaca —t of Antipater, Anti-
patri theriaca.
  THERIACA,  Snpiaxa, The'riac,  from &np,  'a
ferocious  or venomous  animal,'  and axtopat,  ' I
cure.'  Treacle.   (F.) Thiriaque.   A medicine,
believed to be  capable  of curing or preventing
the effects of the bite of a  venomous animal.   In
this sense  it is  chiefly used by writers.   Theriac
and Theriacal have  been used adjectively for
medicinal.
   Theriaca Androm'achi, Venice  Treacle, is an
ancient alexipharmic electuary; consisting of a
farrago of 61  different  ingredients, which pos-
sessed  the most opposite  properties.  It was in-
vented by Andromachus of Crete,  and prepared
by order of Nero.  It has  received  various modi-
fications ;  and, to the discredit of the Faculti de
Midecine  of Paris, has held its place  in  their
Codex, with even an additional number of ingre-
dients.  The  Electua'rium Opia'tum polyphar'-
macum of the  Codex has contained acid ingre-
dients, 5; astringent, 5; bitter, 22; indigenous aro-
matics, 10; umbelliferous  aromatica, 7; balaama
and resinous subetance8, 8; fetid ingrediente, 6;
narcotica,  1; earthy eubataneee, 1; gummy or amy-
laceoue, 4; eaccharine,  3; total 72! and one of
these the flesh of the viper !  A little more than
a grain of opium is contained in each drachm of
the compound.
   Theriaca Celestis,  Tinctura opii — t. Com-
munis, Melasses — t Edinensis, Confectio opii.
   Theriaca Germano'rum.  An extract or rob,
prepared  from juniper  berries.   Used as a sto-
machic.
   Theriaca Londinen'sis,  Cataplaama Cymi'ni.
A cataplasm  of cumin seed, bay berriea, german-
der, snakeroot, cloves, honey, and sometimes opium,
or syrup of poppies.
   Theriaca Rustico.ium, Allium.
   THERIAQUE. Theriaca.
   JHERIAKI. In Turkey, opium-eaters, or they
who  indulge largely in the use of opium, are so
called.
  THERIATRICA, Veterinary art.
  THERIODES, Ferine.
  THERIO'MA, Therion, from Sup,  'a venomous
animal.'  Any extremely malignant ulcer.  Some-
times confined to ulcers of the lungs.
  THERION, Therioma.
  THERIOTOMY, Zootomy.
  THERMA, Heat—t Emphytum, Animal heat
  THERMiE, Stppai,  Ther'mata.  Warm  baths
or springs.   See Waters (mineral.)
  Therma Fabaria, Pfeffers Mineral Waters
of—t. Piperinas, Pfeffers, Mineral AVaters of—t.
Plumbarias, Plombieres, Mineral AVaters of.
  THERMAL, Therma'lie; from $tpun, 'heat,'
Sepfios, 'hot'   Relating or appertainiug to heat-
Hot, warm.  As 'a thermal mineral  water.'
  THERMANTICA,  Calefacients.
  THERMASMA, Fomentation.
  THERMATA, Thermae.
  THERMUM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, Bio-
lychnium.
  THESIS,  Beats,  from nOrifii, 'to  place.'  'A
position or proposition.'   Disputa'tio, Inaug'ural
Dieeerta'Hon.  The name usually given to  the
essay composed by a candidate for graduation in
medicine, which he is  at times required to defend
publicly.  Often, however, it is a mere  form,
giving useless  labour and trouble to the student,
inasmuch as it is  executed as a task,  and never
afterwards regarded by the preceptor or by others.
Sandifort, Haller, Smellie, and Stoll,  have pub-
lished collections of these.
  Also, a suffix denoting 'arrangement;'  hence
Diatheaia.
  THEVE'TIA A'HOUAI, Ahouai.  The kernels
of the nut of this  Brazilian tree are said to be a
violent  poison.  At the Antilles, its  nuts  are
called Noix de Serpent; and they are used against
the bites of serpents.
  THIGH, Sax. Seoh, Femur, Femen, Orus, Me-
rue, Me'rium, (F.)  Cuieee.  The part of the lower
limb which extends from the pelvis to the  leg.
The  thigh is larger at its superior  than inferior
part, and has the form of an  inverted and trun-
cated cone, slightly depressed from within out-
wards.  Above, it  is bounded, anteriorly, by the
groin; externally, by the hip; behind, by the fold
of the nates ; and  within, by the perineal region.
Below, it is bounded, anteriorly, by the promi-
nence of the  knee; posteriorly, by the ham.  It
is formed of a considerable number of muscles,
blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves, Ac.; and ia
covered by a strong aponeurosis.
  THIGHBONE, Femur—t. Neck of the, Collum
femoris.
  THION, Sulphur.
  THIRST,  Sax. Sypr*! (D-) Dorst, Sitis,
Dipsa, Potio'nis deeide'rium, (F.) Soif.  A simple
desire or an  absolute want for liquids.  Physio-
logists are not entirely agreed regarding the seat
of thirst; some place it in the fauces; others in
the stomach.  Its immediate  cause is not known.
It has been attributed to a dry condition of the
nervous  papillas  of the  pharynx,  produced by
suppression of the salivary  and mucous secre-
tions.   This  is  probably  true;  but, again,  it is
owing to the wants of the system, — a supply of
fluid being required to compensate the numerous
losses that are constantly taking place.  Thirst
is an internal  eenaotion, — an instinctive want —
arising from organization, and inexplicable.   It
is an urgent symptom in many diseasei, particu-
larly in those ©f vascular excitement.
   Thirst,  Excessive,  Polydipsia—  t. Morbid
Dipsosia. 
THIRSTY
853           THORACODIDYMUS
  THIRSTY, Dipsodes.
  THISTLE, BLESSED,  Centaurea benedicta
— t Cotton,  Onopordium acanthium — t. Globe,
Echinops — t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta—t. La-
dies', Carduus Marianus—t Milk, common, Car-
duus  Marianus — t Pine, Atractylus gummifera
— t Sow, Sonchus olcraceus—t. Star, Centaurea
calcitrapa — t Yellow, Argemone Mexicana.
  TIILADIAS, Eunuch
  THLAS1AS, Eunuch.
  THLASIS, Contusion — t Depressio, Depres-
sion.
  THLASMA, Contusion—t Concussio, Concus-
sion— t Stremma, Sprain.
  THLASPI, Pennycreaa.   Family, Cruciferae.
Sex. Syat. Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.   Two species
of thlaspi are directed, in some pharmacopoeias,
for medical use:—the Thlaapi arven'ee or Treacle
mustard, and the  Thlaapi cctmpea'tre seu hireu'tum
seu vulgo'tiua, Lepid'ium campee'tre, Lep'ia cam-
pes'trie, lbe'ris campes'tris, Mith'ridate  mustard.
The pharmaceutical properties  of both kinds re-
semble  those of common  mustard.
  Thlaspi Bursa, Th. bursa'tum, Capsell'a bursa
pasto'ris, lbe'ris bursa pastoris,  Nastur'tium bursa
pastoris, Rodschie'dia bursa pasto'ris, Bursa pas-
to'ris, (F.) Bourse d berger, Bourse d pasteur, Ta-
bouret,  Shepherd's purse.  A common European
plant, introduced into this country.   It is slightly
astringent, but is little used.
  Thlaspi Bursatum, Thlaspi bursa — th. Na-
sturtium, Lepidium sativum—th. Sativum, Lepi-
dium sativum.
  THLIBIAS, Eunuch.
  THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS, from  OXt^ts, 'com-
pression,' and  tyxetpaXos, ' the  encephalon.'  A
monster in whom the skull is open,  not merely in
the frontal and parietal, but also in the occipital
regions — a distinct fontanelle not existing.
  THLIP'SIS,  SXttpis,  Compres'sio.  Compres-
sion, and especially constriction of  vessels by an
external cause.   Oppression.
  THNESCOLOGIA, Thanatology.
  THOLUS, Achicolum—t Diocleus, Scapha.
  THOMPSO'NIAN.  One who practises or be-
lieves in Thompsonianism.
  THOMPSO'NIANISM, Thomp'sonism.  A fan-
ciful doctrine, of which a person of the  name of
Thompson, of New York,  is the founder.  One
of its leading principles  is, that the human body
is composed  of  four  elements (?), earth, air,  fire
and water;  and one of its apothegms, — that
metals  and minerals  are in the earth, and, being
extracted from  the depths of  the  earth, have  a
tendency to  carry all down into the earth who
use them; that the tendency of all vegetables is
to spring up  from the earth, and therefore to up-
hold mankind from the grave.
  The Thompsonians are Botanic Physicians.
  THORACENTESIS,  Paracente'sis Thora'cis,
from Swpaf,  'the thorax,' and  xtvrnois, 'perfora-
tion.'   Tapping  the thorax.  Perforation  of the
thorax.
   THORACHIQUE, Thoracic.
  THOBAC'IC, Thorac"icus,  from thorax, 'the
chest;'  (F.)  Thoracique  ou Thorachique.  That
what relates  or belongs to the chest; as  Thoracic
viscera, Ac
  Thoracic  Inferior  Artery, Arte'ria Tho-
rac"ica Exter'na Infe'rior vel Longa,  A. mam-
ma'ria  externa. A. Thoracica inferior, (F.) Deux-
iime dee Thoraciques (Ch.), arises from the axil-
lary, a  little  below the  preceding,  and  descends
vertically over the lateral part  of the thorax, and
the serratus  major anticus.  It afterwards bends
inwards : becomes subcutaneous, and divides into
several branches, which embrace the breast.  It
gives numerous  ramifications  to  the pectoralis
major, serratus anticus, intercostals, ganglions of
the axilla, mamma, Ac.
   Thoracic Superior Artery, Arte'ria Thora-
cica Exter'na Superior, (F.) Artere thoracique su-
pirieure, Premiere dee Thoraciques (Ch.), arises
from the axillary artery or from  the acromial;
and descends  forwards  between  the pectoralis
major and P. minor, to which it distributes itself
by a great number of branches.   In  some  sub-
jects,  there are two or three Arteria thoracica
externa superiores.
   Thoracic Duct, Ductue thorac"icue seu chy'li-
fer seu chyli seu lac'teue seu ro'rifer seu Pecquet!
seu Pecquetia'nus, Vena alba  thora'cis,  At reus
ampulles'cens, Distributo'ria lactea thoracica, Duc-
tus thoracicus poste'rior seu vertebra'lis, Galax'ia,
Duct of Pecquet, Alimen'tary Duct, (F.)  Canal ou
 Conduit Thoracique, is  the duct in  which the
lymphatics of the lower limbs,  abdomen, left su-
perior extremity, left side of the head, neck, and
 thorax terminate.   It begins at the receptaculum
chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six
large lymphatic trunks,—themselves formed from
 the union of all the absorbent plexuses of the
 abdomen.  The  duct  ascends  into the chest
 through the pillars of the diaphragm,  and by the
 side of the aorta  and vena azygos.  It  contracts
 in dimension, as far as the 6th dorsal  vertebra,
 when it inclines towards the left hand; ascends
 behind the arch of the aorta;  passes  behind the
 left internal jugular vein, and opens at the poste-
 rior part of the subclavian vein of the same  side.
 Its embouchure  is furnished  with two  valves,
 which prevent the blood from  passing  from the
 vein into the duct.
   Thoracic Limbs are the upper limbs; so called
 because they are articulated with the lateral and
 upper parts of the chest.
   Thoracic, Long or Inferior, Mammary  infe-
 rior external artery.
   Thoracic Nerves.  The short or anterior tho-
 racic nerves are two in number. They arise  from
 the brachial plexus, and divide into an anterior
 and a posterior branch : — the  former distributed
 to the pectoralis major muscle; the latter uniting
 with a branch  of  the other to  form a loop,  from
 which numerous  branches are given off to the
 pectoralis major and p. minor.
   The long thorac"ic nerve, Poste'rior thorac"ic,
 External respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, is a long
 branch, which  arises from the fourth  and fifth
 cervical nerves, immediately  after their escape
 from  the intervertebral   foramina, and passes
 downwards to  be distributed upon the serratus
 magnus muscle.
   Thoracic Regions are the different regions of
 the chest.  Thus we  say, anterior, lateral, and
 superior thoracic, Ac.
   THORACICA,  Pectorals.
   THORACICS,  FIRST  OF  THE, Mammary
 superior external  artery.
    THORACIQUE, Thoracic
   THORACOCENTESIS, from Swpat,  'the
 chest,' and  xevrnats, 'puncture.'   Paracente'sis
 thora'cis.  Puncture of the chest to evacuate con-
 tained fluid — as  in empyema.
   THORACOCYSTIS, Thoracystis.
   THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Dld'ymus
 8ym'phyo-thorocogas'triu8, Kyphodid'ymue:  from
 §iapa%, ' the chest,' yaarrip, ' the  belly,' and Stlvpes,
 'a twin.'  A monstrosity in which twins are uni-
 ted by the chest and abdomen.— Gurlt.
    THORACO-FACIAL, Platysma myoides — f.
 Maxillo-facial, Platysma myoides.
   THORACODIDYMUS, from Swpaf, 'thechesf
| and  itSwos,  'a twin.'  A  monstrosity  in which
I twins are united by the thorax.— Gurlt 
THORACODYNE
    THORACODYNE, Pleurodynia.
    THORACOPATHI'A, from Siapa^, 'the chest,'
  and irados, ' disease.'   Disease or suffering in the
  chest.
    THORACOSCOPE, see Auscultation.
    THORACOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope.
    THORACYST'IS,  Thoracocyetie, from BtapaZ,
  'the chest,'  and xvans, 'a bladder.'  Encysted
  dropsy of the chest.  Hydatids in the chest.
    THORAX, Btapal-, 'a  cuirass,  a coat of mail.'
  Cith'arua, Venter me'dius, Pectus, Stethus, Scutum
  pec'toria, the Breaet, the Cheat, Bir, Chelye, Caa-
  sa, (F.) Poitrine.  One of the splanchnic cavities;
  bounded, posteriorly, by the vertebras ; laterally,
  by the ribs and scapula; anteriorly, by the ster-
  num ; above, by the clavicle; and below, by the
  diaphragm.  It is destined to lodge and protect
  the chief organs of respiration and circulation —
  the lungs and the  heart
    Thorax, Corset
    THORE, Sperm.
    THORN APPLE, Datura stramonium—t Red,
  Datura Sanguinea.
    THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
    THOROUGHAVAX, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
    THOROUGHAVORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
    THOROAV-AVAX,  Bupleurum rotundifolium.
    THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon.
    THREADWORM, Dracunculus—t Long, Tri-
  chocephalus.
    THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition.
    THREPSOL'OGY, Threpeolog" ia, from Splits,
  'nutrition,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  The doc-
  trine of, or a treatise on, the  nutrition of organ-
  ized bodies.
    THREPTICE, Assimilation.
    TIIRIDACE, Laetucarium.
    THRU)AX, Lettuce.
■*"  THRIFT, LAVENDER, Statice limonium—t
  American, Statice  Caroliniana — t Sea-side, Sta-
  tice Caroliniana.
    THRIX, Capillus, Hair.
    THBOAT, Spoce,  Bpoca, Jugulum, Interetit"-
  ium Jugula're, Guttur, Sphage.  The anterior part
  of the neck.   (F.) Gorge.   Also, the Faucee, (F.)
  Gosier.
    THROATROOT,  Geum Virginianum, Liatris.
    THROATAVORT, Campanula trachelium.
    THROBBING,  Pulsati'vus,  Sphyg'micue,
  Sphygmo'des, Pul'satory.   A  throbbing pain, (F.)
  Douleur pulsative, is a kind of  pain which  is, or
  seems to be, augmented by the  pulsation of ar-
  teries.
    THROE, Agony,  Pains, labour.
    THROMBI  LACTEI, Infarctus  mammas
  lacteus.
    THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  Spofifios,  'a clot,'
  and xvans, ' a cyst'  The  cyst occasionally sur-
  rounding a clot of blood — as in encephalic  he-
  morrhage.
    THROMBOSIS, Coagulation, Thrombus.
    THROMBUS,  dpofilios,  'a clot,' from rpetpetv,
  'to coagulate;' Thrombo'sis,  Trumbus, Hamato'-
  ma.  A small, hard, round, bluish tumour; formed
  by an effusion of blood in the  vicinity of a vein
  which has been opened in the operation of blood-
  letting.   The thrombus is  most commonly owing
  to the opening in  the vein  and  that of the skin
  not corresponding;  to excessive smallness  of the
  cutaneous orifice;  or to  small, fatty granules,
  which prevent the discharge  of the blood.   Com-
  presses, dipped in saltwater; camphorated  spirit,
  and slight compression, usually disperse it.  See
  Blood.
     Thrombus Neonatorum, Cephalasmatoma.
     THROTTLE, Trachea.
     THROAT, Agony, Pains, labour.
THYMUS
  THROWORT, Leonurus cardiaca.
  THRUSH, Aphthas — t. Milk,  Aphthae—t
White, Aphthas.
  THRYPSIS, Comminution.
  THUJA  OCCIDENTALS,  Thuya  occiden-
talis.
  THUREA, Juniperus lycia—t Virga, Junipe-
rus lycia.
  THUS, see Pinus abies—t. Fosmininum, see Pi-
nus abies—t Judasorum, Croton cascarilla, Sty-
rax, Thymiama—t Libanotos, Juniperus lycia—
t. Masculum, Juniperus lycia—t. A'erum, Junipe-
rus lycia—t. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
  THUYA APHYLLA, see Sandarac.
  Thu'ya seu Thuja Occidenta'lis, T. obtu'sa,
Cupres'sus Arbor  Vita,  Arbor  Vita,  Tree of
Life.   Nat. Family, Coniferas.   The leaves and
wood were formerly in high repute as resolvents,
sudorifics, and expectorants, and were  given in
phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fevers, and
dropsies.  The expressed juice has  been applied
to condylomata.  The arrangement of the medul-
lary matter of  the  cerebellum, termed  Arbor
Vita, is also called Thuya.
  THYLACIITIS, Gutta rosea.
   THYM, Thymus.
  THYMA, Thymion.
  THYMALOS, Taxus baccata.
  THYMASTHMA, Asthma thymicum.
  THYMBRA,  Satureia hortensis—t Hispanica,
Thymus mastichina.
  THYME, CAT, Teucrium Marum—t Common,
Thymus—t Lemon, see  Thymus serpyllum — t
Mother of, Thymus  serpyllum — t.  Virginia,
Pycnanthemum linifolium—t. Wild, Thymus ser-
pyllum.
  THYMELJ3A, Daphne gnidium—t Laureola,
Daphne laureola — t. Mezereum, Daphne  meze-
reum—t. Monspeliaca, Daphne gnidium.
  THYMELCO'SIS, from Svfios, 'thymus,'  and
'tXxos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the thymus gland,
  THYMI'AMA,  dvuaiiia,  'a perfume;'  Musk-
wood, Thus Jadao'rum, (F.) Narcophte.  A bark
from Syria, Cilicia, Ac, supposed to be the pro-
duct of the  liquid  storax tree.  It has  an agree-
able, balsamic smell; approaching  that of  liquid
storax.
   Thymiama, Fumigation, Suffimentum.
   THYMIASIOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny.
   THYMIASIS, Fumigation.
   THYMIATECH'NY, Thymiatech'nia, Thymi-
aeiotech'nia, Cura fumigato'ria, from Sv/uaua, 'an
odour,' and rtxvr>, 'art'   The art of employing
perfumes in medicine.
   THYM'ION, Thyma, Thymus, Porrum, Porrus,
 Verru'ca rhagoi'deo, Verru'ca minor, from Qvpos,
' thyme.'  A small wart on the skin, resembling
a bud of thyme.
   THYMIOSIS, Frambossia — t Indica,  Fram-
boesia.
   THYMI'TES. Wine impregnated with thyme.
   THYMI'TIS, from Svfios,  'thymus,' and itis,
denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation  of the
thymus gland.
   THYMOPATHI'A, Psychopathi'a, from Svpos,
'the  mind,' and irados, 'affection.'   A  disease of
the mind.
   THYMOS, Rage.
   TIIYMOXAL'ME, from &vUos,  'thyme,' o?uj,
 'acid,' and 'aXs, 'salt'   A compound  of thyme,
vinegar, and salt.
   THYMUS, &vuos, Gland'ula  Thymus,  Corpus
 Thymiamum seu Thy'micum, Glan'dium, Thymus
 gland,  Corpus incomprehensib'ile of Jos. Frank.
 An organ, the uses of which are totally unknown, 
THYRA
855
THYROID
and which is  seated  in the upper separation of
the anterior mediastinum.  The thymus  has  the
appearance of a glandular body.  It is  oblong;
bilobate;  soft, and very variable in  size  and co-
lour.   In the fcetus, it ia very large, and contains
in a central cavity — reservoir of the thymue — a
Vnilky fluid; but it gradually disappears, and in
old age  is  scarcely  discernible.  The  arteries,
called thymic, are from the inferior thyroid, inter-
nal mammary, bronchial,  and mediastinal.  The
veins  have  the same arrangement.   It  receives
some nervous  filaments from the pneumogastric
nerves, the phrenic, and the  inferior  cervical
ganglia.
   Thymus,  T. vulga'rie seu tenuifo'liue  seu hor-
ten'sis, Common Thyme, (F.) Thym,  T. ordinaire.
Family, Labiatas.  Sex, Syat. Didynamia  Gymno-
spennia.  This herb  has  an agreeable, aromatic
smell; and a warm, pungent taste.  It is reputed
to be resolvent, emmenagogue, tonic, and stoma-
chic  It is not much used.
   Thymus,  Satureia capitata, Thymion—t Cala-
minthus, Melissa calamintha—t Capitatus, Satu-
reia capitata—t Ciliatus,  T. mastichina—t. Cre-
ticus, Satureia capitata—t Hortensis, Thymus—
t. Includens, T. serpyllum.
   Thymus  Mastich'ina,  T.  cilia'tua,  Common
herb  Moetich,  Marum vulga're,  Samp'euehue, Cli-
nopo'ditt, Maetich'ina Gallo'rum, Thymbra His-
pan'ica, Jaca In'dica.  A low,  shrubby, Spanish
plant, used as an errhine.  It has  a smell  like
mastich.  Its virtues  resemble those of the Marum
Syriacum ;  but it is said to be  less powerful.
   Thymus Multiflorus, Melissa nepeta—t. Ne-
peta, Melissa nepeta.
   Thymus Serpyl'lum, T. inclu'dene, Mother of
 Thyme,  Wild Thyme, Her'pyloe, Herpyl'loe, Ser-
pyl'lum,  Serpul'lum, Serpil'lum,  Gila'rum, Ser-
 pyl'lum vulga're minus, (F.) Serpolet. This plant
has the  same  sensible properties as the garden
thyme;  but has a milder, and rather more grate-
ful flavour.   Lemon  Thyme, the Serpyllum citra'-
(7(771, is merely a variety of the Thymus Serpyllum.
It is  very pungent;  and has a particularly grate-
ful odour, approaching that of lemons.
   Thymus^ Sylvaticus, Clinopodium vulgare —
th. Sylvestris,  Satureia capitata — th.  Tenuifo-
 lius,  Thymus.
   THYRA, 8vpa, 'a gate, folding-door.'   In com-
position,  Thyreo  and Thyro, Svptos,  ' a shield re-
sembling a folding-door,'  mean the  thyroid  car-
tilage.
   THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchocele.
   THYREO,  Thyro, in composition, relate to the
thyroid cartilage or gland.
   TnYREOADENITIS,  Thyreoids.
   T H Y R E 0-A RY T'E N 01D, Thyro-arytendi-
deus, or  Thyro-aryteno'ides.  That which relates
to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages.
   Thyreo-arytenoid Ligaments, Inferior Liga-
mente of the Larynx, Lipe of the Glottie, Vocal
 Cords, are two ligaments  about two lines broad,
formed of elastic  and parallel  fibres, which are
contained in a duplicature of the mucous mem-
brane of  the larynx.  They extend horizontally
from  the anterior projection at the  base of each
arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the  angle of
union of the  thyroid cartilage.  They are the
essential  organs of voice.   See  Glottis.
   Thyreo-arytenoid  Muscles, Thyreo-ary-
tenoidei, aro thin muscles, which arise  from the
middle and inferior part of the posterior surface
of the thyroid  cartilage; whence  they proceed
backwards and outwards, to be inserted into the
outer part of  tho base of  the arytenoid cartilage.
Thev "ive the necessary tension to the ligaments
of the glottis,  in the  production  of the voice.
Santorini has  given  the  name Thyreo-arytendi-
deus obliquus  to  a portion  of the  arytenoideiu
muscle.
  THYREO-EPIGLOT'TIC, Thyreo-epiglot-
tideue, Thyrepiglott'icue.  Sabatier and Santorini
have given this name to the  outer portion of the
thyro-arytenoid muscle;  because it passes  from
the thyroid cartilage to the  anterior part of the
epiglottis.
  THYREO-HYOID,  Thyro-hydideus, Thyro-
hyo'ides, Hyodeothyreo'd^e.   That which belongs
or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os hyoides.
  Thyreo-hyoid  or  Hyo-thyroid  Membrane
is a very broad,  yellowish, fibrous membrane,
thicker at the middle than at  the extremities,
which is attached above  to the posterior surface
of the body and  great cornu of the os hyoides;
and,  below, to the whole superior edge of the
thyroid cartilage.
  T H Y R E 0-H YOI D E U S or  Hyo-thyredideue
Muecle is situate at the anterior  and superior
part of the neck. It is  attached to the oblique
line on the anterior surface of  the thyroid car-
tilage ; to the inferior edge of the body of the  os
hyoides, and to the  anterior portion of its great
cornu.  It  approximates the thyroid  cartilage
and os hyoides to each other, by raising the car-
tilage, and with  it the whole larynx: or, it can
depress the os hyoides.
  TH Y RE O-PHARYNGEUS, Thyro-Pharyn-
geus.
  THYREOID, Thyroid.
  THYREOIDEUS, Thyroideal.
  THYREOI'TIS, Thyreoddeni'tie, Angi'na thy-
reo'idea, from Svptos, ' a shield,' and itia, denot-
ing inflammation.  Inflammation of the thyroid
gland.
  THYREONCUS, Bronchocele.
  THYREOPHRAXIA, Bronchocele.
  THYREPIGLOTTICUS,  Thyroepiglottic
  THYRO, see Thyreo.
  THYRO-ARYTEN OID, Thyreo-arytenoid.
  TIIYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS, see Crico-
pharyngeal.
  THYRO-HYOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoid.
  THYRO-PHARYrNGEUS, Thyreo-phoryngeus.
Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and AVinslow have
given this name to the portion of the constrictor
pharyngis  inferior, which is attached to the thy-
roid cartilage.
   Thyro-Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis,
see Crico-pharyngeal.
   THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS, Pa-
Iato-pharyngeus.
   THYROCELE, Bronchocele.
   THYROID, Thy'reoid, Thyrdi'dee, from Svpa,
' a gate or folding-door,' or from Svptos, ' a shield,'
and ttSos, ' form.'  That which has the shape of a
folding-door.
   Thyroid Car'tilage, Cartila'go Scutifor'mie,
C. Scuta'li8,  C. Clypca'lis, Coopertorium, C. Pel-
ta'lis seu pelta'tua, Scutum, Ada'mi Morsus  Os,
is the largest  of the cartilages  of the  larynx, at
the  anterior part of which  it  is  situate.  It is
larger transversely than vertically; broader  above
than below; and seems formed by the junction
of the two  quadrilateral plates, which produce,
by their union, an angle that projects forwards.
Its two posterior margins terminate above, and
on each side,  by  an ensiform prolongation, called
the greater cornu of the  thyroid cartilage; and,
below, by a less  prominent eminence, the  leeser
cornu, which is articulated with  the cricoid.
   Thyroid GLAND, Corpus  Thyreo'idetim, Glan'-
dula Thyreo'idea, (F.) Gland ou Corpe Thyroide,
is an organ, the uses of which are not known.  It
covers the anterior and inferior part of the larynx, 
                THYROIDEAL              8

 as well as the first rings of the trachea, and seems
 to be composed of two lobes, flattened from before
 to behind,  which are  united by a transverse pro-
 longation of the same nature as themselves, called
 the Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland,   The tissue of
 the  thyroid  is soft, spongy, and  of a brownish
 colour; but  its  intimate  structure is unknown.
 It is formed  of several distinct lobules; collected
 in lobes of greater  or less size.  These are com-
 posed of granulations, some of which contain a
 yellowish or  milky fluid.  The thyroid gland re-
 ceives four large arteries, called  Thyroideal, as
 well as corresponding veins.  Its nerves proceed
 from the  pneumogastric, and from the  cervical
 ganglia.  No excretory duct has ever been found
 in it.  Its uses are not known.
   THYROIDEAL, Thyrdideus, Thyredideus,(F,)
 Thyro'idien.   That which concerns the thyroid
 gland or cartilage.
   Thyroideal Arteries are  two on each side.
 1. The superior  Thyroideal, superior laryngeal,
 euperior guttural, arises from the anterior part of
 the  external  carotid, and proceeds to the upper
 part of the thyroid gland, after having given off
 a laryngeal  branch and a crico-thyroid.  2.  The
 inferior Thyroideal, infe'rior  gut'tural,  much
 larger than  the  last, arises from  the upper part
 of  the subclavian.   It  passes, in a  serpentine
 manner, to the inferior part of the thyroid  gland,
 to which it is distributed, after having  given  a
 number of branches  to the neighbouring parts,
 among which is the cervicalie aecendene.
   Thyroideal Aains are, 1. A euperior thyroi-
 deal, and several middle thyroideal, which open
 into the internal jugular vein.  2. An  inferior
 thyroideal, much  larger than the preceding, whose
 branches  form—by anastomosing with those of
 the  opposite  side,  in front  of  the trachea — a
 very remarkable venous plexus, which J. Cloquet
 calls the  infra-thyroideal plexue.  The inferior
 thyroideal veins  open,—the left into the  corre-
 sponding  subclavian;—the  right, into the vena
 cava superior.
   THYROIDIEN, Thyroideal.
   THYROPHRAXIA, Bronchocele.
   THYRSUS, Penis.
   TIBI-PERONEO-TARSIEN, Peronasus
 longus.
   TIB'IA.   A Latin  word, which  signifies & flute
 or pipe.  Cneme, Procne'me, Procne'mium, Fo'cile
 majus, Arun'do major, Canna major, Canna major
 seu  domee'tica cruris.  The largest bone  of the
 leg.   A long, irregular,  and  triangular bone,
 situate on the inner side of the fibula.  It  has, 1.
 A Superior or femoral  extremity, which is very
 large,  rounded,  and  has  two eminences at  the
 sides,  called  Tuberos'itiea of the Tibia, or  Tibial
 tuberoeitiee.   The,outermost is articulated with
 the  fibula.   On its head are two articular, oval,
 concave surfaces, separated by a  process, called
 Spine of the  tibia, which are articulated with the
 condyles  of  the  Os femoris.  2.  An inferior or
 tarsal extremity,  having an  articular surface be-
 neath, which joins  the astragalus; within, a tri-
 angular eminence, which forms the malleolus in-
 ternus ; and, on the outside, a triangular surface,
'which articulates with  the fibula.  3. The body
 or shaft of the tibia has three faces, separated by
 three  angles, the anterior of which is the most
 prominent, and is called the spine  or crista of the
 tibia or tibial spine.  It is the shin.  The tibia is
 articulated with the femur, fibula, and astragalus.
 It is developed  by three points of ossification,
 one for the body, and one for each extremity.
   Tibia Minima, Fibula.
   TIBLEUS, Tibial.
   TIBTAL,  Tibia'lis, Tibia'us, (F.) Tibial, Jam-
 bier. That which relates to the tibia or to the leg. I
                  TIBIALIS

  Tibial  Aponeurosis,  (F.)  Aponivrose Jam-
biere, surrounds the muscles of the leg. It is con-
tinuous, above, with the femoral aponeurosis, and
arises, also, from the head of the fibula, and from
several  fibrous expansions  which detach them-
selves from the tendons of the triceps, sartorius.
gracilis, and semitendinosus. Thence it descends
around  the leg, attaching itself to the whole ex-
tent of the anterior and inner edges of the tibia.
It sends, below, an expansion, which passes be-
fore the tendo Achillis, and is  continuous  with
the anterior annular ligament of the tarsus.  It
is  attached, also,  to the  sheath of the  peronei
muscles.
  Tibial  Arteries are two in number.   1. The
Tibia'lis Anti'ca, which arises from the popliteal
artery, before its bifurcation; passes immediately
through the opening in the upper part of the in-
terosseous ligament, and reaches the anterior part
of the leg;  when  it turns  downwards, and de-
scends obliquely, between the extensor communis
digitorum pedis and the tibialis  anticus, anterior
to the interosseous ligament;  glides under the
anterior annular ligament of the tarsus, and takes
the name Dorsalis  torsi.  Amongst the numerous
branches,  given off by the tibialis antica, may  be
distinguished — the Tibialis recur'reus, A.  mal-
leola'ris  interna, and A. malleolaris externa.  2.
The Tibialis posti'ca, arises from the bifurcation
of the popliteal artery; and, slightly tortuous,
descends between the two planes of the posterior
muscles of  the leg; until  it  arrives under the
arch of  the calcaneum, where it divides into two
branches — the Plantar arteries.
  TIBIAD, see Tibial aspect.
  TIB'IAL  ASPECT.  An aspect towards the
the side on which the tibia is situated.—Uarclay.
Tibiad is used adverbially by the same writer, to
signify,  ' towards the tibial aspect'
  Tibial  Nerves are  two in  number.   1. The
anterior tibial nerve, Pretibio-susplantaire, (Ch.)
One of the two branches in which the external
popliteal terminates.  It accompanies the arteria
tibialis antica.   2. The posterior  tibial nerve,
Branche tibiale du nerf fimoro-poplitie,  (Ch.) ia
the internal popliteal.
  Tibial A'eins, Anterior and  Posterior, have
the same arrangement as the arteries which they
accompany.
  TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CUS, Cate'na mus'culuS,
(F.) Tibio-siis-mitatarsien,  Tibio-sustarsien, (Ch.)
Jambier antirieur. A muscle situate at the an-
terior part of the leg.   Above, it has the shape
of a triangular prism;  below, it is  slender and
tendinous.  It is attached, above, to the anterior
part of the external tuberosity of the tibia;  to
the  superior half of the  outer surface  of that
bone; and to the anterior surface of the  interos-
seous ligament. Below, its tendon terminates at
the base of the first cuneiform  bone, and at the
posterior extremity of the first metatarsal bone.
This muscle bends the foot on the leg, and directs
its point inwards,  at the same time that it raises
its inner edge.   It can, also, bend the leg on the
foot,  and prevent it from  falling backwards in
standing.
  Tibialis Gracilis, Plantar muscle.
  Tibialis  Posti'cus,  (F.) Tibio-tarsien,  Tibio-
sons-torsien, (Ch.)  Jambier postirieur.  This mus-
cle is situate at the posterior and deep part of the
leg.   It is thicker  above than  below ; and ir  at-
tached,  above, to the  posterior surface of the
fibula; to the  posterior surface of the tibia, md
to the interosseous ligament.   Its tendon termi-
nates, below,  at the  tuberosity on the  inferior
extremity of the os scaphoides.  This muscle ex-
tends the foot on the leg; at the same time raia-
i6 
TIBIO-CALCANIEN           857
TINCTURA
 ing its inner edge.  It, likewise, extends the leg
 on the foot                                  °
   TIBIO-CALCANIEN,  Soleus-f. Phalanget-
 te,  Plexor longus  digitorum pedis profundus
 perforans — ?. Sous-tareicn, Tibialis posticus — t.
 Sua-mitataraien, Tibialis anticus — t. Sua-tareien,
 Tibialis  anticus.
   TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tibio-tar'eeue, (F.)  Tibio-
 taraienne.   AVhat relates to the tibia and tarsus.
   Tibio-Tarsal Articula'tion is  the  articula-
 tion of the foot with the  leg.  It is formed by
 the tibia and the astragalus; and is  strengthened
 by lateral, and by anterior and  posterior liga-
 ments.
   TIBIO-TARSIEN, Tibialis posticus.
   TIC, Twitching,  Vellicotion.  A local and habi-
 tual convulsive  motion of  certain muscles;  and,
 especially, of some of those  of the face.  It is,
 sometimes, called in  France Tic convulsif ou Tic
 non douloureux, to distinguish it from Tic doulou-
 reux or neuralgia faciei, and has been termed a
 partial  chorea or form of chronic chorea, Spas-
 mus facia'lis,  Chore'a fa'ciei.
   TIC DOULEUREUN, Neuralgia, facial — *.
 non douloureux, see Tic.
   TICKLE WEED, Veratrum viride.
   TICKLING,  (F.) Chatouillement.  This word,
 sometimes, means the action of tickling (titilla'-
 tio, titillation;) at  others,  the sensation  pro-
 duced by this action  (pruri'tua).  A vivid sensa-
 tion, which  commonly causes  laughter,  and a
 state of  general spasm that may be  dangerous if
 too long protracted.   There  are some  parts of
 the body, where we are easier tickled than others;
 for example, the sole  of the feet, and the hypo-
 chondriac regions.
   TICKSEED SUNFLOWER, Coreopsis tricho-
 sperma.
   TICKWEED, Hedeoma —t  Sunflower, Core-
 opsis trichosperma.
   TIDAL AIR, see Respiration.
   TIERCE, see Tertian.
   TIGE PITUITAIRE,  Infundibulum of the
 brain — t.  Sua-ephinoidale, Infundibulum of the
 brain.
   TIGILLUM,  Crucible.
   TIGLIA  seu  TIGLII  GRANA,  see  Croton
 Tiglium.
   TIGRETIER, see Mania, dancing.
   TIGULA, Saccharum.
   TIKIMMA, Cacoucia coccinea.
   TILBURY, MINERAL  AVATERS OF.  A sa-
 line chalybeate at West Tilbury, in  Essex, Eng-
 land.  It is not  much frequented.
   TILIA, T. Europa'a seu  grandiflo'ra seu cordi-
 fo'lia  seu pauciflo'ra  seu platyphyll'o, Phil'yra.
 The Lime tree or Linden tree, Baeawood, White-
 wood,  Spoonwood,  (F.) Tilleul.   Family,  Tilia-
 ceas.   The flowers have been supposed to possess
 anodyne and antispasmodic virtues.
   TILLEUL, Tilia.
   TILLICHERRY CORTEX,  Nerium  antidy-
 sentericum.
   TILMA, Linteum.
   TILMOS, Evulsion.
   TILMUS, Carphologia.
   TILY, OF THE INDIANS, Viburnum denta-
 tum.
   TIMAC.  Tho name of an East India root, but
 of what vegetable is not clear.   It is said to pos-
 sess diuretic properties;   and hence has been
given in  dropsies.
   TIMIDI'S, Rectus  inferior oculi.
   TIN, (D.) Ten.  Stannum,  Caeeit'eros, Cat-
tit'eros, Stangos, Ju'piter, Stu'pia, Laoe, Plumbum
album  seu  con'didiim, Plumbum candidum, (F.)
£tain.  A solid  metal; of a peculiar odour when
rubbed;  insipid;  colour whitish;   s. g. 7.291;
giving a  peculiar tinkling sound when struck.
It is used, in medicine, only as a mechanical an-
thelmintic  Dose, Z] of the Pulvie Stanni, Stan-
num granula'tum or  Granular tin, in molasses.
This  is made by melting tin in an  iron vessel
over  the  fire, and, while it  is  cooling, stirring
until  it is reduced to a powder, which is passed
through a sieve.—Ph. U. S.
   Tin, Butter of, Tin, muriate of—t. Chloruret
of, Tin, muriate of—t Deutohydrochlorate of, T.
muriate of.
   Tin-Foil,  Stannum folia'tum,  Stanni'olum, is
used for plugging carious teeth, Ac.
   Tin-Glass, Bismuth — t Granular, see Tin —
t. Muriate of, superoxygenated, T. muriate of.
   Tin, Muriate of, Butter of Tin, Fuming liquor
of Libu'vius,  Mu'rias Stanni, Murias  Oxyd'uli
Stanni, Chlor'uret of Tin, Deu'to-hydro-chlorate
of Tin, Superoxygena'ted Muriate of Tin.   This
is formed of Tin, one part; concentrated muriatic
acid,  three parts.  To be crystallized by the aid
of heat.   A violent cathartic.   Dose, gr. ij or iij.
   Tin, Sulphuret of, Aurum musivum.
   TINAGMUS, Concussion.
   TINASMUS, Tenesmus.
   TINCTU'RA, from tingere,  tinctum,  'to dye.'
Tincture,  Essen'tia, (F.) Teinture, Alcoolat, Alco-
hol.   The term tincture is generally  restricted to
spirituous solutions of vegetable, animal, and some
saline substances.  It corresponds, therefore, with
the word  Qttintee'eence, in one  of its  old signifi-
cations ;  and with the Alcoola'tum of the Codex
of Paris.  It is not unusual, however,  to speak
of aqueous tincture,  ethereal tincture, Ac  Tinc-
tures  are  made either with pure alcohol or proof
spirit.  The  former are  precipitated by water:
and, therefore, are  seldom used internally;  the
latter are  common additions to infusions, decoc-
tions,  Ac  They ought not,  of course, to  be
united with any  vehicle which can  decompose
them, or separate any thing from them  in a pal-
pable form;  unless such decomposition is desired
by the prescriber.   In making tinctures, the in-
gredients  should be reduced to a coarse powder;
and the maceration  be made in close vessels, ex-
posed to  a  heat  of about 80°, and frequently
shaken.   AVhen completed, they must be filtered,
and put away for use in close bottles. AVhen the
process of displacement is employed, great care
must  be  taken, so  that  the  substances treated
may be,  as  far as  possible,  exhausted of their
soluble principles, and a perfectly clear tincture
be obtained.  To those who are not familiar with
the process, the plan of maceration is preferable.
—Ph. U.  S.
  Tinctura Absin'thii Compos'ita, Compound
Tincture of wormioood, Eeeen'tia abein'thii com-
poaita seu  amara.   (Abeinth., artem.   pontic,
caryoph. aa 3?s, eacch. £ij. alcohol. Oss.  Mace-
rate for fifteen days.  Ph. P.)  Tonie, stomachic,
vermifuge, and carminative.  Dose, f^ij to f^ss.
  Tinctura Acaciae Catechu, T. catechu — t
Acetatis ferri cum  alcohole, see T. ferri  acetatis
— t Acidi sulphurici, Sulphuricum acidum  aro-
maticum.
  Tinctura Aconi'ti, (Ph. U. S. 1842.)  Tinc-
tu'ra Aconi'tifolio'rum, (Ph. U^S. 1851.) Tinc-
ture of Aconite, (Aconit. foliar, ^iv, alcohol, dilut.
Oij.   Macerate for  14 days,  express, and filter
through paper.  It  may also be made  by dis-
placement. Ph. U.  S.)  Dose, gtt. v. It is rub
bed on the seat of neuralgia.
  Tinctura  Aconi'ti Radi'cis, Tincture of Aco-
nite root,  (Aconit.  radicia, contus. Ibj,  Alcohol.
Oij.  Macerate  for 14 days;  express and filter.
It may also be prepared by displacement.  Ph.
U. S.)  Uses  same as the last. 
TINCTURA
858
TINCTURA
   Tinctura ^Ethe'rea  Camphora'ta, Solu'tio
 cam'phora athe'rea, Liquor nervinus Ilangii, Spi-
 ritus eulphu' rico-athereua camphora'tus. Naphtha
 vitrioli camphora'ta.  (Camphor, p. i. JEther sul-
 phuric, p. ii.)  Stimulant  in atonic diseases, ar-
 thritic  cardialgia and spasm.  Dose, 20  to 30
 drops in white wine.
   Tinctura ^Etherea Ferri,  Alcohol (seu Tinc-
 tura) sulphurico-asthereus ferri — t.  Alcoholica
 Chinas  composita, T. cinchonas composita—t Al-
 coholica corticum aurantiorum AVhyttii, Tinctura
 cinchonas amara — t Alexipharmaca Huxhami,
 Tinctura cinchonas composita.
   Tinctura Al'oes,  T. Al'oes Socotori'na,  Es-
 sen'tia  Aloee, Al'cohol cum Aloeperfolia'td, Tinc-
 ture  of Aloee.  (Aloea,  pulv.  3J>  ext. glycyrrh,
 3* iij, aqua  Oiss, alcohol. Oss.   Macerate  for 14
 days,  and filter.  Ph. U.  S.)  Properties,  those
 of aloes.  Dose, f^ss to f^iss.
   Tinctura Aloes jEthe'rea, JEthe'real Tinc-
 ture of Aloee, Tinctura aloea vitriola'ta.   (Aloea
 Socot., Myrrh, aa 3*'ss> eroci 3*j, ep. atheria aulph.
 Oj.   Digest the  myrrh  in the ether for 4 days;
 then add the aloes and saffron.  Ph. E.)  Stimu-
 lant and cathartic.   Dose, f^j to f Jij.
   Tinctura Aloes Compos'ita, Elix'ir Proprie-
 ta'tis,  E. aperiti'vum, E. Aloee,  Tinctura  Aloes
 cum Myrrha,  T.  Aloee et Myrrha, (Ph. U.  S.,) T.
 Aloee et Myrrha  croca'ta,  Elixir  of long life,
 Compound Tincture of Aloee, (F.) Elixir de tongue
 vie, Baume de  vie  de Lelievre, (Aloea, in  pulv.,
 3*iij, eroet, 3*j, Tinct. Myrrha, Oij.)  Macerate for
 14 days, and  filter.  Purgative and  stomachic.
 Dose, f J5j to f3'j-
   Boerhaave'8 Elixir consisted of aloea, myrrh,
 saffron, and tartrate of potassa, digested in alco-
 hol and water.
   Radcliffe's  Elixir is  formed of Aloes Socotr.
 5Jvj, cort. cinnam., rad. zedoar, aa ^ss, rad. rhei
 3J, coccinell. Z,ss, syrup, rhamni 3*ij> sp. tenuior.
 Oj. aqua pura f^v.
   Tinctura Aloes et Myrrha, T. aloes  com-
 posita— t Aloes  et  myrrhas crocata, T. A. com-
 posita— t  Aloes vitriolata, T. A.  astherea — t
 Amara, T.  gentianas  composita — t Amomi re-
 pentis, T. cardamomi — t Amomi zingiberis, T.
 zingiberis.
   Tinctura Angustu'ra, Tincture of Angustura.
 (Cort. cuspar. in pulv. crass, redact. 3*ij> sp. vin.
 ten. Oij.  Digest. Ph. D.)  Dose, f£j to f^ij.
   Tinctura Antifebrilis Warburgi,  see  Be-
 beeru.
   Tinctura Antiodontal'gica, Toothache  Tinc-
 ture.   (Tannin, ^j, Mastich, gr. v, ather. ^ij. M.)
 To be  applied on  cotton wool, to the tooth  pre-
 viously dried.
   Tinctura  Aristolochia  Serpentaria,  T.
 serpentarias — t Aromatica, T. cinnamomi com-
 posita—t. Aromatica ammoniata,  Spiritus ammo-
 nias aromaticus.
   Tinctura Assafce'tida, T. Fer'ula Aesafceti-
 da, Tincture of Assafcetida, T. fcetida, T. aeeafce-
 tida, (Assofcetid. 5iv, alcohol. Oij.  Macerate for
 14 days and filter.)  Dose, gtt xv to f 5jj.
   Tinctura Assafcetida Ammoniata,  Spiritus
 Ammonias fcetidus.
   Tinctura  Auran'tii,  T.  Cor'ticis Aurantii,
 Tincture of Orange Peel.  (Aurant. cort. recent.
- 3iij, sp. rect. Oij.  Digest for 14 days.)  Stomachic.
 Used as an adjunct to stomachic draughts.  Dose,
 f3ss to £ij.
   Tinctura Aurea, Alcohol seu  tinctura sul-
 phurico-asthereus ferri.
   Tinctura  Belladon'na, Tincture  of  Bella-
 donna.   (Belladonna,  ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.
 Macerate for 14 days: express, and filter through
 paper.  It may, also, be prepared by displace-
 ment   Ph. U. S.)
  Tinctura Benzo'ini Compos'ita, Compound
Tincture of Bcnzoi/l, T. Benzoca compoaita, Bai'-
samum  Cathol'icum,  B.  Pcr'sicum,  Balaamiim
traumat'icnm,  Elixir  traumaticum, Friar'e  Bal-
aam,  Vervain's Balsam,  Wade's  Drops, Jesuit's
drops, Commander's  Balsam,  Wound  Balaam,
Balaam for cute.  (Renzoin. ^iij, etyrac. purif.
3ij, Balsam, tolut. 3J. aloes, in pulv. 3*ss, alcohol.
Oij.  Macerate for 14 days and filter.   Stimulant.)
Used chiefly to wounds and ulcers.
  The basis of Turlington's Balaam of Life is the
Compound Tincture of Benzoin.   The  following
form is recommended by a committee of the Phi-
ladelphia College of Pharmacy: — Alcohol. Oviij,
Benzoin. 3*xij, Styrac. liquid, giv, Aloea Socotrin.
3"j, Baleam Peruvian. 3*ij, Myi-rha, 3*j,  Had. An-
gelic. 3*ss,  Baleam Tolut., Ext. Glycyrrh. aa %iv.
Digest for 10 days, and strain.
  The Eeeence of Coltsfoot consists of equal parts
of the Compound Tincture of Benzoin  and Bal-
aam of Tolu, to which  is added double the quan-
tity of Rectified Spirit of Wine.   It  is  sold as a
pectoral.
  Tinctu'ra Calum'ba, T.  Columba, T. Colombo,
Tincture of Columbo,  Columbo  Bittera,  (Calmnb.
rad. cont.  3*iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate  for
14 days; express, and filter.  Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
f^ss to .^iv.   It may, also, be made by displace-
ment
  Tinctura Camphora, Spiritus camphoras.
  Tinctura Cam'phora  Compos'ita,  T.  Ojni
Camphora'ta,  (Ph. U. S.,) Compound  Tincture of
Camphor, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, Elixir
Paregor'icum, Paregor'ic Elixir.  (Opii, in  pub.
Acid Benzoic, aa 3J1 °^ anisi, f^j) mellis despu-
mat. ^ij, Camphor. ^ij,  alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Ma-
cerate for 14 days, and filter through paper.  Ph.
U. S.)  One fluidounce contains  nearly gr. ij of
opium.  Anodyne.  Dose, fgj to fgiij.
  Squire'e  Elixir, an empirical  carminative pre-
paration, is thus made, according  to one formulu.
(Opii %iv, camphor.  §j, coccinell.  3\j, fcenicul.
dulc.  3*ij,  tinct, serpent.  Oj, sp.  anisi.  cong. ij,
aqua Oij, auri musivi, 3vj.)
  Tinctura Canthar'idis, T. C.  Vesicato'ria, r.
Lytta, T. Meloes vesicato'rii, Tincture of Bliettr-
ing Flies, T. of Spanish Fltes, (F.) Teinture rubi-
fiante.  (Cantharid. cont. 3*ij, alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.
Macerate  for 14  days;  express, and  filter.   It
may, also, be prepared  by displacement.  Ph.
 U.  S.)  Stimulant and diuretic, but  not  often-
used internally.  Externally,  stimulant.  Dose,
gtt. x.
  Matthew'e Injection, a once celebrated nostrum
for fistula in ano, consisted wholly of a dilute
 Tincture of Cantharidea.
   Tinctura  Cap's ici, Tincture of  Capsicum.
(Cap8ic. 3*j.  alcohol,  dil. Oij.  Macerate  for 14
days,  and filter.  It may, also, be prepared by
displacement.)  Stimulant.  Dose, f^ss to 5Jj.
   Tinctura  Cardamo'mi,  T. a mo'mi repen'tie,
 Tincture of Car'damome.  (Cardam. cont ^iv,
alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14  days, strain,
and filter.  It may, also, be made by displace-
ment)  Use, the same as the seeds.  Dose, f^j
to f sjiv.
   Solomon's Balm of Gil'ead, an empirical prepa-
ration, seems to  be  an  aromatic tincture, — of
which Cardamome form  a  leading ingredient,—
made with brandy.   Some affirm that it contains
cantharidee.
   Tinctura  Cardamomi Compos'ita,  Compound
 Tincture of Card'amome, Stomach Tincture, Tinc-
 tura  Stomach'ica.  (Cardamom, cont Zvj. Carui.
 cont. Jij,  cinnam. cont  !JV> Uvte paesa demptis
 acinis, 3v, cocci, cont.  3J,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiiss. 
TINCTURA
859
TINCTURA
 Macerate for 14 days; express and filter. Ph. U. S.)
 Stomachic and carminative.  Dose, f^ij to f ^iv.
   Tinctura Carminati'va SyiJ-vu* Alcoola'tum
 Carmiiititi'i'iim  Sylrii, Carminative Elixir of Syl-
 vius.  (Rad. angelic. 4 p., rad. imperator., galang.
 5a, 6 p.,/of*, roemorin., wajoran., ruta, baailic. fia
 48 p., buccar. law: nobil. 12 p. eem. angelic, li-
 guet. levist., anis.  aa 16  p., zingib., nuc. moschat.
 aa, 6 p., cinnam. 12 p.,  caryoph., cort. limon. aa  4
 p.   Add  alcohol  1500 p.   Macerate and  distil,
 1000 p. Ph. P.)   A warm stomachic, carmina-
 tive, Ac   Dose, £ss to f^ss.
   Tinctura Cascaril'la,  T. Croto'nie Elenthe'-
 ria, Al'cohol cum  Croto'ne Caacarilltl,  Tincture
 of Cascarilla.   (Casearill. cort. cont. ?iv, sp. ten.
 Oij.  Ph. L.)   Dose, f^j to fsjiv.
   Tinctura Casto'rei,  T. Castorei Roe'eici, Es-
 sen'tia Castorei, Al'cohol  castoria'turn, T. Caetorei
 Canaden'eie, Tincture  of Caator.   (Caator cont.
 3*ij, alcohol. Oij.   Macerate for 7 days, express,
 and filter.)   Tonic and antispasmodic.  Dose,
 gtt xx to f'^ij.  or more.
   Tinctura  Castorei  Compos'ita,  Compound
 Tincture of Caator. (Caat. 3*j. g. oaofcetid. 3*ss,
 alcohol, ammoniat.  Oj.  Ph. E.)  Antispasmodic.
 Dose, f£j to fjjb.  Called, also, Elixir foe'tidum,
 Tinctura caetorei foetida seu foetida ammonia'ta.
   Tinctura Cat'echu,  Tinctura Japon'ica, T.
 Mimo'sa Catechu,  T. Aca'cia Catechu,  Tincture
 of  Catechu. (Catech. ^iij,  cinnam. contus. 31J,
 alcohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate for 14 days, ex-
 press and filter.   Ph. U.  S.)   Astringent.  Dose,

    The Concentrated Solution of Charcoal, sold for
 cleaning the teeth, seems to be little more than
 the tincture of catechu.
   Tinctura Cicuta, T.  conii maculati.
   Tinctura Cincho'na, T. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni
 Simplex, T. Cort.  Peruvia'ni, Tincture of Cincho-
 na, Tincture  of Bark.   (Cinchon. fiav.  in pulv.
 3*vi, alcohol, dilut. Oij.   Macerate for 14 days, ex-
 press, and filter through  paper.  It may, also, be
 made by displacement  Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f£j
 to %iv or more.
    Tinctura Cincho'na  Ama'ra,  Elixir antihy-
 pochondri'acum, E. rob'orana Whyt'tii, E.  Whyt-
 tii,  Essen'tia  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Composita,
 Tinctu'ra alcohol'ica corticum aurantio'rum Whyt-
 tii, T. Kinlci'na ama'ra, Elixir stomach'icus spi-
 rituo'aua.   (Cinch,  p. viij,  Gentian, Rod., Cort.
 Aurant, p.  iij. Alcohol (.900) 96 p. Digest.   Dose,
 one or two teaspoonfuls.
    Tinctura Cinchona Ammonia'ta, T. Cor'ticia
 Peruvia'ni volat'ilis,  Ammoniated Tincture of
 Bark,  Volatile  Tincture of Bark,  (Cinchon, lan-
 cifol. cort. cont. 3*iv, sp.  amnion, aromat. Oij.
 Ph. L.)  In dyspepsia, combined with acidity and
 languor.
    Tinctura  Cinchona  JEthe'rea Compos'ita,
 T.  Kina  Kina athe'rea compos'ita,  Elixir'ium
 Antieep'ticum  Docto'ria  Chaussier,  Chaussier's
 Antisep'tic Elixir.  (Cinchon. officin. 3*'j> cas-
 carill. 3SS» cinnam.  3''J>  eroci  Z.ss,  sacch. alb.
 Jxxxviij.  Put these bruised into a matrass, and
 add inn.  alb. Hispanic, vel tiin. muscat., alcohol.
 aa, Oj. Macerate for two days, and add sulphuric
 ether f^iss.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic, stimulant, and an-
 tiseptic.   Dose, t'3"ss to  f3.i-
r   Tinctura  Cinchon.k Compos'ita,  Compound
 Tincture of Cinchona or  Bark, Hnxham's Tinc-
 ture of Bark, T. Cor'ticia  Peruvia'ni Compoeita,
 T. febrifuga Docto'ris Huxha'mi, Eaaen'tia China,
 E.  Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni Alexiphar'maca Huxhami,
 Eaaen'tia antieep'tica Huxhami, Tinctu'ra Alexi-
 phar'maca Huxhami, Tinctu'ra Alcohol'ica China
 Compos'ita.  (Cinchon.  rubr. pulv. gij,  aiiraiif.
 cort. cont.  % iss, serpent, cont. giij, croci,  santal.
 • fia 3j, alcohol,  dilut. fjjxx. Macerate for 14 days,
express, and filter.   Ph. U. S.)   It may, also, he
made by displacement.   More grateful than the
simple tincture.  Dose, f^j to f'^iij.
  Tinctura Cinnamo'mi, Tincture of Cinnamon,
Eaaen'tia Cinnamomi, T. Lauri Cinnamomi, (Cin-
nam. cont. 3iij, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for
14 days,  express, and filter.  Ph. U. S.)  It may,
also, be prepared by displacement.   Stomachic
Dose, fgj to f^ij.
  Tinctura Cinnamo'mi  Compos'ita, Compound
Tincture of Cinnamon, Tinctu'ra Aromat'ica, Ee-
sen'tia Aromatica, Alcool cum Aromat'ibua Com-
poa'itua, Eau de Bonferme ou d'Armagnac, (Cin-
nam.  cont. 3*j, cardam.  cont. 3*ss,  zingib. cont
JJiij, alcohol, dilut. Oij.   Macerate for  14 days,
express, and filter.   Ph. U. S.)   It may, also, be
prepared by displacement. Use, same as the last.
Dose, f£) to fziij.
  Tinctura  de  Cochlea'riis,  Alcoola'tum  de
Cochlea'riie, A. antiscorbu'ticum.  (Fol. cochlear.
recent. 2500 p., rad. armoracia, 230 p., alcohol.
(22° to 32° Beaumg) 3000 p., distil  off 2000 p.
Ph. P.)  Antiscorbutic.   Dose,  f^ij to 3*j.
  Tinctura Col'chici,  T. C. Scm'inis, (Ph. U.
S.), Tipcture of Colchicum  Seed.  (Colchic. sem.
cont.  3iv,  alcohol, dilut. Oij.   Macerate for 14
days, express,  and filter.  Ph.  U. S.)  It may,
also, be prepared by displacement.   Dose, ten to
sixty  drops.
  Tinctura Colchici Seminis, T. colchici—t Co-
lombas, T. Calumbas.
  Tinctura Coni'i, T.  C. Macula'ti, T.  Cicu'ta,
Tincture of Hemlock.  (Conii fol. 3*iv, alcohol.
dil. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.
Ph. U. S.)   It may also be made  by displace-
ment.  Use; — the same as that of the leaves.
  Tinctura Conii Maculati, T. conii — t Con-
volvuli Jalapas, T.  jalapii — t. Corticis  aurantii,
T. aurantii — t Corticis  Peruviani composita, T.
cinchonas comp. — t Corticis Peruviani  simplex,
T. cinchonas — t. Corticis Peruviani  volatilis, T.
cinchonas ammoniata.
  Tinctura  Croci  Sati'va, T. Croci,  Tincture
of Saffron.  (Croci Angl. cont. ^j, alcohol, dilut.
3" xv.  Ph. E.)  Slightly stomachic (?). Dose, f Zj
to f SJiij.
  Tinctura de Croco Compos'ita, EHxir'ium de
Garu8, Alcoola'tum de  Croco Compos'itum, Com-
pound  Tincture  of  Saffron, Elixir of Garus.
(Aloes Socotr.  320  p., myrrh. 64 p., croci. 32 p.,
cinnam., nuc. moschat., caryoph. aa, 16 p. alcohol.
1000 p. aq. flor. aurant. 5000 p.  Digest for two
days,  distil 4000 p. and add syrup of capillaire,
5000 p.  Ph. P.)   Aromatic, cordial, stomachic.
It is also called Elixir cordia'le et stomach'icum,
and E. anticol'icum croca'tum.
   Tinctura Crotonis  Eleutiieria, T.  casca-
rillas.
   Tinctura Cubeb'a,  Tincture of Cubebs.  (Cu-
beb. cont 3*iv, alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Macerate for
14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may,
also, be prepared by displacement.  Dose, one or
two fluidraehms.
   Tinctura Digita'lis,  Tincturejif Digitalis, T.
Digitalis purpu'rea.  (Digital.  3"iv,  alcohol, di-
lut, Oij.  Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.)
It may,  also, be prepared by displacement. Use,
same as  that of the leaves. .Dose, gtt. x.
   Tinctura Febrifuga Doctoris Huxhami, T.
cinchonas composita.
   Tinctura Ferri Aceta'tis, Tincture of Ace-
tate of  Iron.  (Potass, acetat.  3'ij,  sulph. ferri
3J, sp. rectif.  Oij.  Rub the acetate and sulphate
into a soft mass.   Dry and rub with the spirit.
Digest for 7 days,  and pour off.  Ph. D.)  Tonic
and astringent.  Dose, gtt. xx to f^j.  The Dub-
lin college directs a Tinctura Acetatis Ferri cum
Alcoho'le, which differs from the other, in having 
TINCTURA                860                TINCTURA
half  the quantity, only,  of  the  Acetate  of
Potaaa.
  Tinctura Ferri Ammonia'ta, Tincture of Am-
moniated Iron, T. Ferri Ammoniaca'lie,  T. Flo-
rum martia'lium,  T. Martie Myneich'ti.  (Ferri
ammon. 3*iv, ep. ten. Oj. Ph. L.)   Uee — same as
that of the ammoniated iron.  Dose,  f^ss  to f.^ij.
  Tinctura Ferri Chloridi, T. ferri muriatis.
  Tinctura Ferri Muria'tis, T. Ferri chlo'ridi,
(Ph.  U. S.),  T. Ferri  eesqui-chlo'ridi,  Liquor
Ferri muria'tis, Tincture  of Muriate of Iron, T.
Martie in Sjriritu- Salia, T. M. cum Spiritu Salia,
T. Ferri Muria'ti,  Tincture of Steel, Alcohol fer-
ra'tue.   (Ferri  eubcarb.  Ibss,  acid, muriat.  Oj,
alcohol. Oiij.  Add the acid to the subcarbonate
in a glass vessel, and  shake during three  days.
Pour off and add  the  spirit.  Ph. U. S.)   Tonic
and styptic.   Dose, gtt. x to xx.
  BeetuchefTe Tincture or Klaproth'e Tincture is
an  ethereal tincture of chloride  of iron.  It is
composed of dry perehloride of iron, one  part;
Hoffmann'e anodyne liquor, seven  parts.
  The Antivcnereal Drope, at one time so cele-
brated at Amsterdam, were examined by Scheele,
and found to be a tincture of chloride of iron and
corrosive sublimate.
  Tinctura  Ferri  Sesquichloridi,  T.  Ferri
muriatis—t Ferulae Asafostidas, T. Asafcetidas—
t. Florum martialium, T. ferri ammoniata—t. Foe-
tida, T. asafcetidas — t.  Foetida  ammoniata, T.
castorei composita—t Fuliginis, see Fuligo.
  Tinctura  Gal'bani,  Tincture  of Galbanum.
(Galb. 3*ij, ep. tenuior. Oij.   Ph. D.)  Stimulant
and antispasmodic  Dose,  f^j to f jjhj.
  Tinctura  Galla'rum,  T.  Galia, (Ph. U. S.)
Tincture of  Galia.  (Gall,  contus. §iv,  alcohol.
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 14 days,  express and
filter.   Ph.  U. S.)   It may, also,  be prepared by
displacement  Astringent  Dose, fgj  to 3'ij-
  Tinctura  Gentia'na  Compos'ita,  Compiound
Tincture of  Gentian, Tinct. Ama'ra, Spirit Bit-
tere,  Elix'ir Stomach'icum.  (Gent, concis. 3*ij,
aurant. cort. 3J, cardam.  cont. 3*ss, alcohol, dilut.
Oij.  Macerate  for 14 days, express,  and  filter.
It  may, likewise, be prepared by displacement.
Ph. U. S.)  Tonic and stomachic.  Dose, f£j to
f3uj.
  Brodum'a Nervoua Cordial consists of the Tinc-
turee of Gentian, Columbo, Cardamom, and Bark,
with the Compound Spirit of Lavender, and Wine
of Iron.
  Stoughton's Elixir is a compound tincture of
gentian. The Elixir'ium Docto'ris Stoughton seu
Tinctu'ra Ama'ra of the  Parisian Codex is pre-
pared as follows : — Absinth,  summit,  exsiccat,
Teucri chamadrye., Rad. gentian.,  cort.  aurant.
aa  5VJ> cascarilla Zj, rhei  3*ss, aloes socotr.  gj,
alcohol, Oij.)   Digest.
  Tinctura  Guai'aci, T. G. Officina'Us, Tincture
of  Guai'acum.   (Guaiac.  Ibss, alcohol. Oij.  Ma-
cerate  for 14 days, and  filter.)   Stimulant and
sudorific  Used  especially in  rheumatic and
arthritic cases.   Nearly the same as  Hill's Ee-
eence of Bardana or Burdock.
   Tinctura Guai'aci Ammonia'ta, Ammoniated
 Tincture of Guai'acum, T.  Guaiaci'na  Volat'ilie,
Elixir Guai'aci Volatilie, Al'cohol cum Guai'aco
officina'leammonia'tue, Al'cohol ammonia et Guai'-
aci, T. Guai'aci, (P. L. 1788J Vol'atile Tincture of
 Guai'acum.  (Guaic. pulv.  3*iv, ep. ammon. arom.
Oiss.  Macerate for 14 days, and filter.)  Proper-
ties same as  the last.  Dose, f^j to f^ij.
   Hatfield'e  Tincture — a nostrum — consists of
 Guaiacum and Soap, aa gij, rectified epirit, Oiss.
   Tinctura Helleb'ori,  T. H. Nigri, Tincture
of Black Hellebore, T.Melampo'dii.  (Helleb. nigr.
cont.  3*iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14
days, express  and  filter.  It  may  also  be pre-
pared by displacement   Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f^ss
to f 3,j.
  Tinctura Hiera, ATinum aloes.
  Tinctura Hu'muli, Tincture of Hope.   (Ha-
muli, 3*v, alcohol, dilut. Oij.)  Tonic and sedative.
Dose, f'gss to f'^iij.
  Tinctura Hyoscy'ami,  T.  Hyoecyami nigri,
Tincture of Henbane.  (Hyoscyam. fol. t^iv, alco-
hol, dilut. Oij. Macerate  for 14 days, express and
filter.  It may also  be prepared by displacement.
Ph. U.  S.)  Narcotic, anodyne.  Dose, gtt. xx
to f ^ij.
  Tinctura Io'dini, (Ph. U.  S., 1842,)  Tinctu'ra
lodin'ii, (Ph.  U. S„ 1851,) Alcohol Io'dii,  Tinc-
ture of Iodine.  (Iodin.%), alcohol, Oj.  Dissolve.
Ph. If. S.)   The tincture spoils by keeping, or at
least, deposits the iodine. It  has been much used
in goitre, Ac.  Dose, ten drops three times a day.
  Tinctura Iodini  Compos'ita, (Ph. U. S., 1842,)
Tinctura lodin'ii Compo8ita,  (Ph. II. S.,  1851,)
Compound  Tincture of Iodine.   (Iodin. 3*ss, Po-
tass ii iodid. 3*j, Alcohol. Oj.  Dissolve.   Ph. U.
S.)   Dose, 10  to 30 drops.
  Tinctura Jala'pii,  T. Jala'pa, (Ph. U. S.,) T.
Convol'vuli Jalapa, Tincture of Jalap, Vali'ga.
(Jalap, pulv.  3*vi,  Alcohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate
for 14 days, express, and filter.   Ph. U. S.)  It
may also  be made  by displacement   Cathartic.
Dose, f !Jj to f.^iv.
  Tinctura  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Elixir Ja-
lap'a  Compoe'itunt, Elixir  purgans,  Essen'tia
cuthol'ica purgane  Roth'ii, Elixir anthclmin'ti-
cum Sueco'rum, Eau de  vie Allemande.   (Jalap.
Ibss, Scainmon. 3*j, Alcohol. (22°) Ovj.  Macerate
for eight days./  Ph. P.)  Dose, 60 to 100 drops.
  Tinctura  Japonica,  Tinctura catechu — t
Kinas  kinas  astherea  composita—t.  Cinchonas
astherea composita—t Kinkinas amara, Tinctura
cinchonas amara.
  Tinctura Kino,  Tincture  of Kino.   (Kino, in
pulv.,  3VJ ; Alcohol, dilut. q. s.   Put the kino,
mixed with an equal bulk  of sand, into a perco-
lator,  and gradually  pour  on diluted  alcohol
until f3* viij of filtered liquor pass. The tincture
should be renewed  frequently, and kept in closely
stopped bottles.  Ph. U. S.)  Astringent.   Dose,
f3J to f3ij.
  Tinctu'ra Krame'ria, Tincture of Rhatany.
(Kramer, in pulv. 3*vj, alcohol, dilut.  Oij.  Mace-
rate for M days, express, and  filter.   Ph. U. S.)
It may also be prepared by displacement.   Dose,
f^j to f3ij.
  Tinctura Lauri Cinnamomi, Tinctura  cinna\
momi—t. Lavandulae composita, Spiritus lavand.
comp.—t. Lyttas, Tinctura cantharidis—t. Martis
Glauberi, see Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Martis in
spiritft salis, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. Martis,
Mynsichti, Tinctura ferri ammoniata — t. Martis
vinosa, Vinum ferri — t.  Melanjpodii,  Tinctura
hellebori  nigri — t Meloes  vesicatorii,  Tinctura
cantharidis—t Metallorum,  Lilium Paracelsi—t.
Mimosas catechu, Tinctura catechu.
  Tinctu'ra  Lobe'lia,  Tincture   of Lobelia.
(Label. 3*iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14
days,  express, and filter.   Ph.  U. S.)  It may
also be  prepared  by  displacement.    Dose, f£j
to f^ij.
  Tinctu'ra  Lupuli'na,  Tincture of Lu'puline.
(Lupulin. Jjiy, alcohol, Oij. Macerate for 14 days,
and filter.   Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f^j to f5Jij.
  Tinctura Meloes Vesicatorii, Tinctura can-
tharidis.
  Tinctura Moschi, Tincture of Musk, Eseence
of Muek.  (Moech.  in pulv. redact.  Z\], sp. vini
rect. Oj.)  Dose, fgj to  f^iv.
  Tinctura Myrrha, Tincture of Myrrh, Simple
 Tincture of Myrrh.  (Myrrha contusio Sjiv, alco-
hol Oiij.  Macerate for  14 days, and filter. Ph. 
TINCTURA
861
TINCTURA
U. S.) Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, and deter-
gent.   It is chiefly used in gargles, and applied
to foul ulcers, spongy gums, Ac.
  HutUon'e Preservative for the Teeth and Gums
consists of Tinct. myrrh., tinct. cinch,, aq. cinnam.
aa 3iij, eau d'arquebusade, 3*j, pulv. gum. Arab.
gss.  M.
  Tinctura Nervina  Bestucheffii,  Tinctura
seu alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri—t Nervina
Halensis, Tinctura seu  alcohol sulphurico-asthe-
reus ferri — t Nervino-tonica,  Lamotte's, Alcohol
seu tinctura sulphurico-asthereus ferri.
  Tinctura Nucis Vom'ica,  Tincture of  Nux
 Vomica.   (Alcohol, s. g. .837,  fgj ; Dry Extract
of Nux Vomica, 3 gr.)   Dose, gtt. v to xxx, in
cases where the nux vomica is indicated.
  It is directed, in the last edition of the  Ph. U.
S. (1851), to be prepared as follows : — Nucis vo-
mica rasur., 3*viij;  alcohol,  Oij.   Macerate for
14 days,  express, and filter.   It may also be pre-
pared by the process of displacement.  Dose, gtt.
v to xx.
  Tinctura Olei  Mentha Piperi'ta, Tincture
of  Oil of  Pepipermint,   Essence of Peppermint.
(01. mentha piperita, f^ij, alcohol. Oj.  Dissolve.
Ph. U. S.)  Dose, 5 drops, as  a carminative.
  Tinctura Olei  Mentha Vir'idis, Tincture of
Spearmint, Essence of Spearmint, is made in the
same manner.  Ph. U.  S.
  Tinctura Opii, Tincture  of  Opium,  Liquid
Lau'danum,  Theriaca   ccelee'tie,  Al'cohol   cum
 Opio, Tinctura Theba'ica, Tinctura  Sedati'va.
 (Opii pulv.  3*ijss, alcohol, dilut, Oij.   Macerate
for 14  days, express,  and  filter.   Ph.  U. S.)
Nineteen  minims contain about  one  grain of
 opium.   Properties,  those of opium.  Dose,  gtt.
 xx to lx  and more.  By macerating the dregs
 remaining after making the Tinctura Opii in a
 solution of  Tartaric Acid, a solution is  obtained,
 which is  said  to  be devoid of the exciting  and
 constipating properties  of the tincture of opium.
 Gray calls it Haden'e Liquor Opii Sedati'vus.
   Tinctu'ra Opii Aceta'ta,  Ac"etated Tincture
 of Opium.   (Opii 3*ij ',  aceti, f^xij ; alcohol. Oss.
 Rub  the  opium with the vinegar; add the  alco-
 hol, and  having macerated for 14 days, express
 and filter.   Ph. U. S.)   Twenty drops  are equi-
 valent to a grain of opium.
   Tinctura Opii Ammonia'ta, Ammo'niated Tinc-
 ture  of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregor'ic Elix'ir.
 [Flor. benz., croci, aa giij, opii ^ij, ol anisi gss,
 alcohol,  ammoniat.  f3*xvj.    Digest.   Ph. E.)
 fZj contains one grain  of opium.   Used like the
 linctura  Camphora Composita.
   Tinctura Opii Camphorata,  Tinctura  cam-
 phoras composita — t. Plumbosa,  Liquor  plumbi
 subacetatis dilutus.
   Tinctura Quas'sia,  T.  Quassia  excel'sa,
 Tincture  of Quassia.   (Quassia  rasur. 3~ij, al-
 cohol, dilut.  Oij.   Macerate for 14 days, express,
 and filter.  Ph. U. S.)   It may also be prepared
 hy displacement.  Tonic.  Dose, f^j to Z,ij.
   Tinctura Qui'nia  Sulpha'tis, Tincture of
 Sulphate of Qui'nia.  (Sulphate of Quinia, gr. vj ;
 alcohol, (.847)  fgj.   M.)  Dose,"  f£j to  ^iv,  in
 the day.
   A  Tinctura Cincho'nia Sulpha'tie may be made
 in a similar manner.
   Tinctura Rhabarbari, Tinctura rhei—t. Rha-
 barbari composita, Tinctura rhei — t Rhabarbari
 vinosa, A'inuin rhei palmati.
   Tinctura Rhei,  T.  Rhabarb'ari, T. Rhabar-
 bari spirituo'sa, T. Rhtvi, T. Rhei palma'ti, Tinc-
 ture  of  Rhubarb. (Rhei, contus. 3iij. cardam.
 cont. 3*ss,  alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Macerate for  14
 days, 'express,  and filter.  It may also  be pre-
 pared by displacement.  Ph. U.  S.)  Stomachic
 or purgative,  according to the  dose employed:
fgj to 3'j> as a stomachic; f3iv to 3J, as a pur-
gative.
  Tinctura  Rhei  Compos'ita, T.  Rhabarbari
composita, Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhex
rad. concis. gij, glycyrrhiz. rad.  cont. 3*ss, zin-
gib.  rad.  concis., croci stigmat. aa gij,  aqua
f'3*xij,  ep. ten. Oj. Ph. L.)   Properties same  as
the last.
  Tinctura  Rhei et  Al'oes,  Tincture of Rhu-
barb and Aloes,  Elixir sacrum.   (Rhei concis.
gx, aloes, pulv. £vj, cardam. cont. 3*ss,  alcohol.
dilut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, and
filter.  Ph. U. S.)  Properties like the last.
  RymePs Car'diac Tincture  consists of an infu-
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom seede,
Rhubarb, Aloes and Castor in Proof Spirit,  with
a very small  quantity of Sulphuric Acid.
  Tinctura  Rhei et  Gentia'na,  Tincture  of
Rhubarb with Gen'tian, Tinctura  Rhei Ama'ra.
(Rhei cont. 3*ij, gentian, cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut.
Oij.  Macerate for  14 days,  express and filter.
Ph.  U. S.) It may also be prepared by displace-
ment.  Properties same as the last
  Tinctura  Rhei et  Senna,  Tincture of Rhu-
barb and Senna,  Wttrner'e Gout Cordial.  (Rhei
cont. 3*j, senna, 3'J>   coriandr.  cont., fcenicul.
cont. aa £Jj,  eantal. rasur. 5Jij,  croci ext. glycyr-
rhiz. rad. aa  gss, uvar. passar. acinis exemptis,
Ibss, alcohol,  dilut. Oiij.  Macerate for 14 days;
express and filter. Ph.  U. S.)  Dose,  fgss to fgij.
  Tinctura  Rhcei,  Tinctura  rhei — t Rheei
amara, Tinctura rhei et gentianas—t Sacra, Vi-
num aloes.
  Tinctura  Sanguina'ria,  Tincture of Blood-
root.   (Sanguinar. cont 3*iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.  Ph.  If.
S.)  It may  also be  prepared  by displacement
Dose, 30 to 60 drops.
  Tinctura  Saponis Camphorata,  Linimentum
saponis — t Saponis et opii, Linimentum saponis
et opii.
  Tinctura  Scilla, Tincture of Squill.  (Scilla
3*iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14 days,
express, and  filter.  It may also be made by dis-
placement.   Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, gtt. xv to lx.
  Tinctura  Sedativa, Tinctura opii.
  Tinctura  Senna, T. Senna Compoe'ita, Elixir
Salu'tie, Daffy's Elixir, Tincture of Senna.  (Sen-
na fol. ^iij,  carui eem. cont. giij, cardam. eem.
cont. Zj,  uvarum paeearum demptis acinis, 3*iv,
iep. ten. Oij.  Ph. L. &  D.)  Stomachic, carmina-
tive and cathartic.  Dose, fZ'\]  to fgj.
  Tinctura Senna  et  Jala'pa,  Tincture  of
Senna and Jalap.   (Senna 3*iij, jalap, pulv. 3*j,
coriandr. cont., carui cont., aa gss, cardam. cont
ZV], eacch. %iv, alcohol, dilut. Oiij.   Macerate  for
14 days, express, and filter.  Ph.  U. S.)   It may
also be prepared by  displacement.  Dose, fgij
to fgj.
   Tinctura  Serpenta'ria, T. S.  T irgmia'na,
 T. Arietolochi'a Serpentaria, Tincture of Snake-
root.  (Rad. eerpcnt.  3*iij,  alcohol, dilut. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.  Ph.
 U.  S.)  It may also be prepared by displacement
Tonic.   Dose, fgss to t'Z\j.
   Tinctura  Stomachica, Tinctura cardamomi
composita.
   Tinctura Stramo'nh,  Tincture  of Stramo'-
nium.  (Stramon. eem. cont. 3*iv, alcohol, dilut.
 Oij.  Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.
 Ph. U. S.)   It may also be prepared by displace-
 ment  Dose, ten to twenty minims.
   Tinctura Strych'nia. Tincture of Strych'nia.
 (Alcohol, s. g. .S37, Oj, strychnia gr. iij.)  Dose,
 6 drops to 24.  Properties, those of strychnia.
   Tinctura seu Al'cohol Sulphu'rico-jEthe-
 reus  Ferri, Gutta nervi'na,  Liquor Anod'ynus
 Martia'lis, Al'cohol athe'reue ferra'tue, Naph'tha 
TINCTURE
S62
TISANE
 Vitrioli Martia'lis, Solutio Muriatis ferrici athe'-
 rea,  Spir'iius  sulphurico - athe'reus  martialie,
 Tinctu'ra nervi'na Halen'sis,  T.  Ton'ico-nervi'na
 Halen'aia, Tinctura au'rea, T. nervina Bestucheffii,
 T. nervi no-ton'ica (Lamotte'e), T. atlie'rea ferri,
 ^Ether Martia'lis, De La Matte's Golden Drops,
 Bestucheff's ATervous  Tincture, Elixir d'Or de M.
 le Giniral De La Motte.  An ethereal  solution
 of muriate of  iron.  It is much used in gout, hy-
 pochondriasis, Ac.
   Tinctura  Sulphuris  Volatilis,  Liquor  fu-
 mans Boylii—t Thebaica, Tinctura opii, Vinum
 opii.
   Tinctura  Toluif'era Bal'sami, Tincture of
 Balsam of Tolu, T. Bal'sami  Toluta'ni, T. Tolu-
 ta'ni, (Ph. U. S., 1842.)   T. Toluta'na, Ph. U. S.,
 1851), (Bals. Tolutan. 3*iij, alcohol Oij.)  Repu-
 ted to  be  expectorant and corroborant.  Dose,
 f3ss to fgj, or more.
   Tinctura  Tonica Nervina Halensis, Alco-
 hol (seu Tinctura) sulphurico-asthereus ferri.
   Tinctura Valeria'na, Tincture of Valerian.
 (Valerian, cont. 3*iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Mace-
 rate for 14 days, express, and  strain.  It may
 also be  prepared by displacement.  Ph. U.  S.)
 Stimulant and antispasmodic.  Dose, f£ss to 5Jij.
   Tinctura Ataleriana Ammonia'ta, Ammo'ni-
 ated or Volatile Tincture of Valerian,  T. Valeri-
 ana Volat'ilis.  ( Valeriana cont.  giv, ep. ammon.
 arom.  Oij.   Macerate  for 14 days,  express, and
 filter.   It may  also  be  made by displacement.
 Ph. U. S.)  Like the former.  Dose, f^ss to fgij.
   Tinctura  Vera'tri, T. Veratri albi, Tincture
 of White Hellebore.   (Rad.  veratri  alb. cont.
 3*viij, alcohol, dilut. Oijss. Ph. E.)  Emetic and
 cathartic;  but not very  manageable.  Dose, gtt.
 v  to x.
   Tinctura  Zingib'eris, T. Amo'mi Zingiberis,
 Tincture of Ginger.  (Zingib. cont. 3*viij, alcohol.
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.
 It may also be made by displacement.  Ph. U. S.)
 Stimulant and carminative.  Dose, fgss to f£j.
   TINCTURE OF ACETATE OF IRON, Tinc-
 tura ferri acetatis—t of Aconite, Tinctura aconiti
 — t of Aconite root, Tinctura  aconiti radicis — t
 of Balsam of Tolu, Tinctura toluiferas balsami —
 t  of Bark, Tinctura cinchonas — t of Bark, am-
 moniated, Tinctura cinchonae  ammoniata — t of
 Bark, compound,  Tinctura cinchonae  composita
 —t of Bark, Huxhatn's, Tinctura cinchonae com-
 posita— t  of  Bark, volatile, Tinctura cinchonas
 ammoniata—t of Belladonna,  Tinctura belladon-
 nas—t Bestucheff's, see Tinctura  ferri muriatis—
 t  of  Blistering  Fly,  Tinctura  cantharidis — t.
 Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinctura rhei  et aloes — t of
 Colchicum  seeds,  Tinctura colchici — t of Co-
lombo, Tinctura Calumbas — t of Cubebs, Tinc-
 tura cubebas—t of Galls, Tinctura gallarum — t
 of Ginger,  Tinctura zingiberis —  t for the Gout,
Dr. Wilson's, see Colchicum autumnale — t Hat-
field's,  see  Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata—t  of
Hellebore, white,  Tinctura veratri — t. of Hem-
lock, Tinctura conii  maculati — t  of Henbane,
 Tinctura hyoscyami — t of Hops, Tinctura hu-
muli — t of Iodine, compound,  Tinctura iodini
composita—t of Iron, ammoniated, Tinctura ferri
ammoniata — t of Iron,  muriated, Tinctura ferri
muriatis—t Klafroth's, see Tinctura ferri muria-
tis— t. of Lobelia, Tinctura lobelias — t of Lud-
wig, see Ferrum tartarizatum — t  of Lupuline,
 Tinctura lupulinas —t of Musk, Tinctura moschi
— t. Nervous, Bestucheff's, Tinctura seu  alcohol
6ulphurico-asthereus ferri — t  of  Oil of Pepper-
mint, Tinctura Olei menthae piperitas — t. of Oil
 of Spearmint, Tinctura olei menthas viridis — t.
 of Opium, acetated, Tinctura opii acetata —t  of
 Orange-peel, Tinctura  aurantii — t. of Rhatany,
 Tinctura kramerias — t  of Rhubarb, Tinctura
 rhei — t of Rhubarb and aloes, Tinctura rhei  et
 aloes — t. of Rhubarb and gentian, Tinctura rhei
 et gentiana? — t. of Rhubarb and senna, Tinctura
 rhei et sennae —t* of Saffron, Tinctura croci — t.
 of Saffron, compound, Tinctura de croco compo-
 sita— t of Senna and jalap, Tinctura sennas  et
 jalapas—t. of Snakeroot, Tinctura serpentarias —
 t. of  Soap, camphorated, Linimentum saponis—t
 of Spanish Fly, Tinctura cantharidis—t of Squill,
 Tinctura seillas — t. of Steel, Tinctura ferri chlo-
 ridi—t Stomach,  Tinctura cardamomi composita
 — t  of Stramonium, Tinctura stramonii — t for
 the  Teeth, Greenough's, see Spiritus armoracias
 compositus — t. Toothach, Tinctura antiodoutal-
 gica — t of Wormwood, compound, Tinctura ab-
 sinthii composita.
  TINDER, Boletus igniarius.
  TINEA, Porrigo—t Faciei, Porrigo larvalis —
 t Favosa,  Porrigo favosa — t Fieosa,  Porrigo
 scutulata — t Furfuracee,  Porrigo furfurans — t
 Granulata, Porrigo scutulata,  Porrigo lupinosa—
 t Lactea, Porrigo  larvalis — t Lupina,  Porrigo
 lupinosa—t. Mucosa, Porrigo  lupinosa—t. Porri-
 ginosa, Porrigo furfurans — t Tondens,  Porrigo
 decalvans.
  TINKER'S WEED, Triosteum.
  TINKLING, METALLIC, Tintement mital-
 IXQtlB*
  TINNIMENTUM METALLICUM, Tintement
 mitallique.
  TINNI'TUS AU'RIUM, Fluctua'tio seu Son'-
 itue  au'rium, Paracu'eie imagina'ria, Susur'rus
 au'rium, Ote'chus,  Syrig'mus,  Syring'mos,  Sib'-
 ilus aurium, S. clango'eus,  Strep'itus seu Sibilie'-
 mus aurium, Echos, Eneche'ma, Bombus, Murmur,
 'ringing of  the ears,' from  tinnire,  'to ring.'
 (F.)  Tintement, Tintouin, Bourdonnement, Bruiese-
 ment.  An imaginary sound, like the ringing of a
 bell, the noise of wind, the murmur of water, Ac,
 heard in health and in sickness.  It is, often, an
 accompaniment of cerebral disorder.
  TINTEMENT, Tinnitus aurium — t. Bullaire,
 T. mitallique.
  TINTEMENT METALLIQUE (F.), Tinte-
 ment  bullaire,  Tinnimen'tum metal'licum, Conor
 stethoscop'icus,  Metallic  Reapiration,  Metallic
 Voice, Metallic Tinkling.  A particular noise,
 heard by the  stethoscope when applied to the
 chest, and which,  according to Laennec,  resem-
 bles   that  caused  by striking  glass,  metal, or
 porcelain, with a pin; but is,  perhaps, more like
 the sound  of the  keys  of a  musical  snuff-box.
 The  tintement mitallique or metallic tinkling ia
 heard on causing the patient to speak or breathe;
 but is more distinct when he coughs.   AVhen the
 phenomenon is not so strongly marked,  it pro-
 duces only the metallic resonance.  The 'metallio
 tinkling,' is a pathognomonic symptom of a com-
 munication  between the bronchia and cavity of
 the chest; in other words, of Pneumothorax.
  TINTINNABULUM, Uvula.
  TINTOUIN, Tinnitus aurium.
  TIPSARIA, Decoctum hordei.
  TIRE-BALLE, Forceps (bullet)
  TIRE-FOND,  (F.)   A  surgical instrument
 formerly used to elevate  the piece of bone sawed
 off by the trephine.
  TIRE-PUS, Pyulcon.
_ TIRE-TETE, (F.)  A name given to different
instruments  used for extracting the head of the
child  when left in  the uterus, and in certain  cases
of difficult labour.   The crotchet is one of those,
as well as the Tire-tete d bascule of Levret. Ac.
  TIRES, Milk sickness.
  TISANE, Pti'sana or  Ptis'eana, Ptisane, from
 irrtaavn, 'pearl barley,' itself from irnaata, 'I de-
corticate.'  A name  given  to aqueous medicines
containing  but little,  if  any,  medicinal  agent! 
TISANE
863
TOME
The ancients gave  the  name particularly to the
decoction of barlev.
  TISANE COMMUNE, Decoctum hordeL
  TISfC, Phthisis.
  ITS ICAL, Phthisicus.
  TISSU, Tissue—t. Accidental, see Accidental,
and Tissue,  accidental—t. Caverneux, Cavernous
texture — t.  Celluleux dee os,  CancelU — t. Inodu-
laire, Tissue, inodular—t. Lardaci, see Larda-
ceous — t. Spongo'ide, Spongoid tissue.
  TISSUE,  Textue, Tela, (F.) Tissu.  By  this
term, in anatomy, ia  meant the  various  parts,
which, by their union, form the organs; and are,
as it were, their anatomical elements. Histological
anatomy is the anatomy of the tissues, which are
the seat of the investigations of the pathological
anatomist.  The best division, indeed, of diseases
would be according to  the tissues  mainly impli-
cated.   For the elementary tissues, see Fibre.
The compound tissues, which, by associating or
combining  variously,  form  every organ of the
body,  have  been  variously classed: but every
division is  imperfect  and  liable to objection.
The following, by Messrs. Todd and Bowman, is
 one of the most recent.

Tabular View  of the Tissues of the Human Body.
                                   Kxamplea.
                             1 Posterior layer of
 1. Simple membrane, homogene- I the cornea.—Cap-
    ous,  or nearly so,  employed \ stile of  the lens.—
     alone, or in  the formation of I Sarcolemma   of
    compound membranes.      j muscle, &c.
2. Filamentous Tissues, the eie-1 White and  yellow
     nients of which are  real or \ fibrous  tissues.—
    apparent filaments         > Areolar tissue.
 3. Compound membranes, comOj,          b
     posed ofsimpleinembraneand   _skin._True or
     a  layer  of  cells of  various  ' setreti      |an(la
     forms, (epithelium or epider-  f _Set0U* Jd syn.
     mis.) or of areolar tissue and   Qvia, membralfes-
     epithelium.                J
 4. Tissues which retain  the pri-) Adipose   tissue.—
     initive  areolar structure  as V Cartilage.—Gray
     their permanent character.  ) nervous matter.
 5. Sclerous or hard tissue.        Bone. — Teeth.
 ti. Compound tissues.
 a.  Composed of lubes of homoge- 1
     neons membrane,containing  vMuscle. — Nerve.
     a peculiar substance.       )

 " C08ur:„dOcanii,lgefibr0US US- | Fibro-cartilage.

    Tissue, Accidental or Adventitious, consists
 of every substance — foreign to the primitive or-
 ganization  of  the  economy, but  yet  organized
 and living — which may be  developed in  the
 anterior or at the  surface of organs.   Laen-
 nec divides the  accidental  issues into two sec-
 tions :  1. Those  that resemble others in the ani-
 mal economy, or  analogous accidental tieeuee;
 and, 2. Those that  have nothing analogous in the
 body, and which are always the result of a mor-
 bid process — the heterologone or heteroclite acci-
 dental tiasues.  To the  first class belong, ossifica-
 tions ; accidental fibrous, fibro-cartilaginous, carti-
 laginous, areolar, and corneous tissues;  hairs; the
 serous membranes  of certain encysted  tumours;
 the mucous  membranes of fistulous canals, and
 accidental synovial membranes.   To the second
 belong tubercles, scirrhi, melanosis, Ac.
    Tissue, Areolar, Cellular tissue.
    Tissue, Cartilag"inous, Hymenochondro'dea
 seu Hymenochondro'i'dee (Textura seu Tela.)
    Tissue,  Cribriform, Cellular tissue — t Fi-
 brous,  see Fibrous — t Filamentous, Cellular
 tissue.
    Tissue, Inod'ular,  Tela inodula'rie, (F.) lno-
 dule, Tissu inodulaire.  A   name given by  Del-
 pech to an accidental fibrous tissue developed in
 suppurating wounds, which is the principal agent
 in  cicatrization.  It has, at  first, the appearance
 of  a reddish cellulo-fibrous layer; but  soon  loses
its vascularity; and its fibres, which pass in all
directions, become of a dull white colour, and of
a consistence  and hardness, that  may  be  com-
pared to those of the strongest articular  liga-
ments.  It is well seen in the cicatrix left after
burns.
  Tissue, Laminated, Cellular tissue — t Liga-
mentous, Desmoid tissue — t.  Mucous, Cellular
tissue — t  Porous, Cellular  tissue — t Reticu-
lated, Cellular tissue.
  TIT,  Nipple.
  TITHENE, Nurse.
  TITHYMALUS CYPARISSA, Euphorbia cy-
parissias — t. Lathyris, Euphorbia lathyris — t
Latifolius,  Euphorbia lathyris — t  Palustris, Eu-
phorbia palustris — t. Paralias, Euphorbia para-
lias.
  TITILLAMENTUM, Gargarism.
  TITILLATION, Tickling.
  TITTHE, Nipple.
  TITTHION, Nipple,
  TITTHIS, Nipple.
  TITTHOS,  Mamma, Nipple.
  TITUBANTIA, Bredouillement.
  T1TUBATI0,  Fidgets, Vacillatio.
  TO-AND-FRO-SOUND, Bruit de frottement.
  TOAD-FLAX, Antirhinum linaria — t f. Bas-
tard, Comandra umbellata.
  TOAST-WATER, Aqua  toeta panie.   Toast
well half a slice  of a fetale quartern loaf;  put it
into a pitcher, and pour over it a quart of water.
After two hours, decant the water from the bread.
It is a common drink in febrile affections.
  TOBACCO, Nicotiana  tabacum — t  English,
Nicotiana  rustica — t.  Indian,  Lobelia inflata —
t. Poison,  Hyoscyamus niger — t AVild, Lobelia
inflata.
  TOCETOS, Parturition.
  TOCODOMYCODORITIS MALIGNA VAGI-
NALIS, Colpocace puerperarum.               •
  TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics.
  TOCOS, Parturition.
   TODDY TREE, Mamei.
   TOE, Digitus pedis.
   TOEPLITZ, see Toplitz.
   TOFUS, Tophus.
   TOILE D'ARAIGNEE, Araneae tela— t.
 Choro'idienne, see Choroid — t. de Gaultier, Spa-
radrapum  (ialteri.
   TOKAS, Puerpera.
   TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics.
   TOLA, Tonsil.
   TOL'ERANCE, Toleran'tia; from tolerare, 'to
bear.'  The power of  bearing.  A word used by
the Italian school of Rasori,  to signify the  power
of bearing large doses  of certain potent remedies,
as  tartrate of antimony and potassa.   See Con-
tro-stimulus.
   TOLES, Tonsil.
   TOLIUM, Tonsil.
   TOLLES, Tonsil.
   TOLLUM, Tonsil.
   TOLUIF'ERA BAL'SAMUM, Myrox'ylon To-
luif'erum.  Family, Terebinthaceas.  Sex.  Syat.
Decandria Monogynia.   The name  of the tree
 which  affords  the Balaam of  Tolu, Baleamum
 Toluta'num, Toluta'num, Toluif era Baleami Bal-
eamum,  Goac'onaz, Red  Baleam  of Peru, (F.)
Baume de  Tolu, B.  de  Carthagine.   It  has  a
very fragrant odour, and warm, sweetish  taste;
is  thick, and  of  a reddish-yellow colour.   It is
stimulant  and expectorant, (?) and is used in
coughs.  It is chiefly, however, employed on ac-
count of its flavour.
   TOLUTANUM, see Toluifera balsamum.
   TOMATA, Solanum lycopersicum.
   TOME,  Tom'n8, rofin, t-o/jos, 'incision.'  A com-
mon suffix, as in  Lithotomy, BronchofoHi.i/,  Ac. 
TOMEION
  Tome, Cut, Incision.
  TOMEION, Knife.
  TOMEN'TUM CER'EBRI, from tomentum, 'a
flock of wool.'  The infinite number of small ves-
sels which pass between the pia mater and con-
volutions of the brain.  They enter the substance
of the brain at right angles.
  TOMEUS,  Knife.
  TOMIS, Scissors.
  TOMOTOCIA, Cassarean section.
  TONE,  Tonus,  from  rttvta, 'I  stretch.'  The
state of tension or firmness proper to each organic
tissue.   It is  the effect of tonicity.
  Tone, Elasticity.
  TONGA, see Datura sanguinea.
  TONGRES, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  The
town of Tongres is about  a league from  Maes-
tricht in the  Low Countries.  The  springs, of
which there are several, are chalybeate, contain-
ing carbonates of iron and magnesia.
  TONGUE,  Sax. tuns,  (D.)  Tong,  Lingua,
Gloeea,  Glotta, (F.) Langue.  The tongue is a
muscular, symmetrical, and very mobile organ;
situate in the mouth, from the os hyoides and
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.    Its particular
use is,  to  procure the sensation of savours;
and it aids  in the  acts of sucking, mastication,
deglutition,  pronunciation, and  expuition.  It
has the shape of a pyramid, flattened above and
below; rounded at its  angles,  and  terminated,
anteriorly, by a blunt point. Its upper eurface,
called  the doreum, is  free, flat, and divided into
two portions by a median furrow, lin'ea media'na;
at the  posterior extremity of which  is the fora-
men cacum or Fora'men of Morgagni. The infe-
rior eurface is free, and covered by  the mucous
membrane  on its  anterior third and sides: but
behind and in the  middle it is attached to the
lower jaw by means of the genio-glossus ; aud to
the hyoides by the hyoglossus.  Its  margine axe
rounded; thick behind, thinner anteriorly.  Its
tip, or point,  or dental extremity is rounded and
free:—the roof, baee, or hyoid extremity, Radix
lingua, is continuous with the epiglottis and ve-
lum palati.   It is very thick at the foramen cas-
cum;  but  thinner as it  approaches the hyoid
bone.  The  tongue is composed of muscles, and
covered by  a mucous membrane — Periglot'tie,
Involu'crum lingua, Membra'na seu  Tu'nica va-
gina'lie seu Cutie  seu Epider'mie seu Tunica seu
Involu'crum muco'eum seu  Crusta villo'ea lingua
— which forms also the  frasnum beneath the
tongue. On this membrane are seen the different
papilla.   The nerves of the organ proceed from
the inferior maxillary, glosso-pharyngeal and hy-
poglossal,  The first  and second  are connected
with taste;   the last with  the motions of the
organ.   Some recent observers,  however, con-
sider  the glosso-pharyngeal to  be  the special
nerve of gustation.  The arteries are the lingual,
from the external  carotid ; and the palatine and
tonsillar, from the labial.   The  veins are the
superficialis  lingua, ranina, lingualis, and eub-
mentalie.  They open into  those of the pharynx
and larynx.  Its lymphatic vessels pass into gan-
glia, situate at the  edge of the hyoglossi muscles.
  Tongue, Black.  A  fever which  prevailed in
the western  States in  the winter of 1842-3; pro-
bably  typhoid fever.   According to  some, an
epidemic erysipelas.
  Tongue, Hernia op the, Glossocele — t In-
flammation of the, Glossitis — t Red, fever, see
Typhus — t  Scraper,  Cure-langue — t  Tie, see
Ankyloglossum.
  TONTC,  Ton'icue.   Same  etymon as  Tone.
Relating to tone.
   Tonic, Ton'icue, Tono'ticus, Antasthen'icus, (F.)
 Tonique, Fortifiant,  in Therapeutics, means  a
TOOTH
medicine, which has the power of exciting slowly,
and by insensible degrees, the organic actions of
the different systems of the animal economy, and
of augmenting their strength in a durable  man-
ner.   Bitter, vegetable substances which are not
associated with  an acrid or narcotic principle;
preparations of  iron ; cold  water,  Ac, act as
tonics.  They are also called Comfortan'tia, Con-
fortati'va, Corroboran'tia, Confirman'Ua, Robo-
ran'tia, Ac.
  The following are the chief Tonics: — Acidum
Arseniosum, Acidum  Nitricum, Acidum Sulphu-
ricum, Argenti Nitras, Bismuthi Subnitras, Carbo
Ligni, Cascarilla, Cinchona,  Cinehonia, Colomba,
Cornus  Florida, Cupri Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas,
Cuprum ammoniatum, Cusparia, Eupatorium per-
foliatum,  Ferri Prasparata,  Gentiana,  Lirioden-
dron, Lupulina, Piperina,  Prunus  Virginiana,
Quassia, Quinia, Salix, Salicina, Serpentaria, Zinci
prasparata; Aquas minerales acidulas et ferrugi-
niae, Mental Tonics, (Confidence, Hope, Amuse-
ment)
  Tonic Power, Irritability.
  Tonic Spasm, Spaemue ton'icue, Convul'eio to-
nica,  Conductio, Spas'ticus, Tonos, Ento'nia, En'-
taeie, Enta'eia.  A rigid contraction of muscles
without relaxation,  as in  trismus, tetanus,  Ac.
See Tetanus and Spasm.
  TONICITY,  Tonic"itas.  The faculty that
determines the general tone of the solids.   Ex-
cessive tonicity causes er'ethiam or eriapneaa;  de-
ficient tonicity, atony or weakneae.  Tonicity  has
been used in the same sense as irritability.
  TONIQUE, Tonic.
  TONOS, Tonic spasm—t. Trismus, Trismus.
  TONOTICUS, Tonic.
  TONSIL,  Tonail'la, Amyg'dala, Parieth'mia,
Parieth'mium, Amphibran'chium, Glan'dula colli,
Tola, Tollee, Tolee, To'lium, Tollum, Spongoe, An'-
tiae, PI. Anti'adee, Almond of the ear, Almond of
the throat, (F.) Amygdale, Toneille. An ovoid col-
lection of follicles, about half an  inch  in length,
similar in shape to an almond, and situate, on each
side, between the pillars of the velum palati.  The
inner surface, projecting into the isthmus of  the
throat, is  covered  by the mucous membrane, in
which are the  orifices of  a dozen  cells, whence  a
transparent, viscid mucus oozes on pressure. This
mucus is destined to facilitate  deglutition,  by
lubricating the isthmus  faucium; and  is forced
out during the passage of the alimentary bolus.
  TONSILLiE PESTILENTES, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
  TONSILLARUM  GANGR^NA,  Cynanche
maligna.
   TONSIL LE,  Tonsil.
  TONSILLIT'IC, Toneillit'icue.   Belonging or
relating to the tonsils ; as the 'toneillitic branches
of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve.'
  TONSILLITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  TONSORIUS CULTER, Razor.
  TOOTH,  Sax. to», Dene, Odoue, (F.)  Dent.
The teeth, Dentea,  Mord'icee, are  small, hard
bones, fixed in the alveoli of each jaw,  and serv-
ing to lay hold of, and to cut, tear, and triturate
alimentary substances.  True  teeth  are  found
only  in man,  the  mammalia, reptiles, and fish.
The teeth have, in general, the shape of an irre-
gular cone, the base of which is towards the in-
terior of  the  mouth; and the  apex,  single  or
divided, towards the bottom of the alveoli.  Each
tooth has a part situate  out of the alveolus, and
covered by a vitriform substance.   This part  is
called the crown or coro'na. It is bounded by a
narrower portion, called the cervix,  (F.) collet,
whieh separates it from the portion in the  alveo-
lus—the fang  or root, (F.) racirte.  In the  adult
the  teeth are 32  in number;  16 to each jawj
i4 
TOOTH-ACH
865
TORTICOLLIS
these consist of 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 bicuapidoti,
and 6 molarea.   (See these various terms.)  The
tdth enclose a vascular and nervous  pulp, in a
central  cavity,  Cav'itae Pulpa,  Cavum  Dentie,
Antrum  denta'te.  They  are  formed  of  a  very
hard, compact tissue ;  and the corona is covered
by a  vitreous substance  called  Enam'el.  The
incisor  and  canine  teeth are  developed by a
single point of ossification ; the lesser molares, by
two;  and the larger, by four or five.   See Denti-
tion.  Researches by Retains, Miiller and others,
have led them to believe that the ivory of the
tooth or Dentine, Substan'tia oa'eea of Malpighi,
proper  tooth eubetance, bone of the tooth, oeaeous
substance of tooth, tooth bone, consists  of tubular
fibres, which contain  organic deposits of calca-
reous salts; and of intertubular substance, in
which are observed corpuscles or osseous cells of
the tooth, called by Professor Owen calcicj"eroua
cella, which  also  contain  earthy salts.   At the
part where  the  enamel terminates at  the cervix
of  the  tooth, the cruata petro'ea, cemen'tum or
cortical  eubatancc, commences in an  extremely
thin  stratum,  passes  down  and gradually  in-
creases in thickness towards the extremity of the
root, where  it is generally the  thickest.  It is
said by Nasmyth to have been traced on the ena-
mel, and Purkinje and Frankel  thought that it
lined the cavitas pulpas.  They gave it the name
Substantia osto'idea.   It is the mate'ria tarta'rea
of Malpighi.  It has  been found, however, that
the  hard substance  deposited on the  inner sur-
face of the dentine, at  the age of twenty years or
later, and which encroaches on the cavity, has a
distinct structure from the cement, and resembles
in part dentine, and in  part bone.   It is the horny
eubatance of Blumenbach, the  oeteodentine  of
Owen, and the eecondary dentine of Tomes.   In
the compound teeth of the herbivorous animal, a
deposition is found on  the surface of the enamel,
which has been called cement um.  Miiller, how-
ever, regards it to be a deposit from the salts and
the saliva, and to be essentially the same as what
is called tartar in the human subject.
   TOOTH-ACH, Odontalgia,—t Bone, see Tooth
— t  Bush,  Xanthoxylum fraxineum — t Tree,
Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum  clava Herculis.
  TOOTH EDGE, Agacement dee dente, Hasmo-
dia—t. Paste, Dentifricium—t. Rash, Strophulus
—t  Shell, dog-like, Dentalium.
  TOPHACEOUS CONCRETION,  Tophus.
  TOPHUS, Tnfus,  Osteot'ophus,  Topha'ceous
Concretion.  A collection of hard, calcareous mat-
ter, which forms, particularly,  at the  surface of
joints affected with gout; (see Calculi, arthritic,)
and occasionally, in the interior of organs, around
the  teeth, Ac.  It likewise  meant  gravel and
chalaza.
  TOP'IC, Top'ical, Top'icue.  A local applica-
tion ; (F.) Topique.  See Local.
  TOP ICUS, Local.
  TOPINARIA, Talpa.
  TOPIQUE, Topic.
  TOPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL AVA-
TERS OF.   Toplitz is a town of  Bohemia,  cele-
brated for its numerous  thermal springs.  The
water contains  chloride  of sodium,  carbonate,
and sulphate of soda; and carbonates of lime and
iron,  Ac.  Temp. 114° to 122° Fahr.
  Toplitz, Toplitz.
  TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY, see Ana-
tomy.
  TORCULAR, Tourniquet.
  Tor'ci-lar Heroph'ili, The Preee of Heroph'-
ilus, Lechenei'on, Lenos,  Lenuin,  Fourth Sinue,
(F.)  Confluent  dee Sinus,  Pressoir  d'Hirophile.
A smooth and polished cavity, of irregular shape,
in which several sinuses of the dura mater meet
It is situate before the internal occipital protube-
rance, at the union of the three great duplicatures
of the dura mater.  It has six  openings into it:
— one  above, that of  the superior longitudinal
sinus;  two below, answering to the occipital si-
nuses ;  one anterior, belonging to the straight
sinus ;  and two  lateral, and very  broad, which
lead into the lateral sinuses;  and convey from
the cavity the blood that has been poured into it
by the others.
  TORCULUM, Tourniquet.
  TORDY'LIUM,  T.  Officinale,  Ses'eU  Cret'i-
cum  sen Monto'num, (F.) Siee/i de Crete.  Family,
Umbelliferas.   Sex. Syat. Pentandria  Digynia.
The  seeds and roots of  this Southern European
plant are considered carminative  and  diuretic.
They enter into the theriaca.
  TORE'NIA ASIATTCA, Colo-dolo.  A small
Malabar plant, the juice of whose  leaves, sweet-
ened with sugar,  is said to cure gonorrhoea.
  TORMENTIL, Geranium  maculatum, Tor-
mentilla,
  TORMENTIL'LA, T.erec'ta seu sylves'tris seu
officintt'lie  seu tubero'aa,  Fraga'ria tormentil'la
officina'lie, Potentill'a tormenti/l'a,  Common  Tor-
men'til, Upright Septfoil, Heptaphyl'lum, Coneol'-
ida  rubra, (F.) Tormentille.  Family,  Rosaceas.
Sex. Syat. Icosandria Polygynia.  The  root  has
a slightly  aromatic  odour; and austere,  styptic
taste.  It is astringent.  Dose, of the powder, gr.
x to $.
  TORMENTUM, Ileus,  Intussusceptio.
  TOR'MINA, Slrophoa,  Cceliol'gio,  Encceliol'-
gio,  Anile'ma, Anile'sia, Gripes, Mulligrubs, (F.)
Tranchies.  Acute colicky pains.  Dysentery.
  Tormina Celsi, Dysentery—t, Parturientium,
Pains,  labour—t.  Post partum, see Pains, labour.
  TORNAPULUM, Tourniquet.
  TOKOS'ITAS, fiorjntlen'tia camo'sa, Hab'iius
athlet'icue.  Muscular strength;   from torosus,
' brawny,'—fori',  'brawn.'
  TOROSUS, Muscular.
  TORPEDO, Narcosis.
  TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS,   Holonar-
cosis.
  TORPID,  Tor'pidus, (F.) Engourdi;  from  tor-
peo, 'I  am  benumbed.'  Numb.   Incapable of
exertion and of feeling.   Dull, stupid, inactive.
  TORPIDITAS. Torpor.
  TORPIDUS, Narcotized, Torpid.
  TORPOR,  Torpid'itas,  Noth'rotes,  Parap'sis
expers,  (F.)  Engourdissement, from torpere,  'to
be  numbed.'   State  of a part which  becomes
numb, and almost incapable of motion.   Torpor,
Torpid'ity, Torpid'ness, Tor'pitude are also  ap-
plied to a debilitated, sluggish condition of a part
or of the whole of the  body; Aer'gia, (F.) Acca-
blement.
  Torpor, Narcosis—t of the  Colon, see Colon,
torpor  of the—t  Intestinorum, Constipation—t
Soporificus, Nocar.
  TORQUAY. A town in Devonshire, England,
which, on account of the  mildness of its climate,
and its sheltered situation  from the bleaker winds,
is a frequent retreat for the phthisical invalid.
  TOR'SION,  Tor'sio.  The act of  twisting.
Torsion  of the extremities of bleeding vessels,
Angios'trophe, until the blood  ceases to flow, is
sometimes used to arrest hemorrhage from divided
vessels.
  TOR TELLE,  Erysimum.
  TORTICOL'LIS, Obstip'itas, Caput obsti'pum,
Obsti'pa cervix, Obstip'itas caji'itis seu Colli, Col-
lum  obsti'pum,  TracheVagra,  Enta'sia  Lo.ria,
Lox'ias,  Cejiholox'ia, Ancylode're,  Ancylode'ris,
Rhabocra'nia, Auchent>rrh< u'ma. Rheuntatis'tints
colli, Rh.  Cervi'cis, Stiffneck,  Wryneck; from
torquere, tortum, ' to twist,' and cAV.'-sn,' :)-■: z-~*J 
TORTOISE
866
TRACHELO
A variety of rheumatism, seated in  the muscles
of the  neck, which  prevents  the  motion of the
head, and causes the patient to hold it inclined to
the side affected.  It is, commonly, of short dura-
tion ; usually disappearing in a few days.  Rube-
facients are the best topical applications.  The
term is also applied to permanent contraction of
the muscles of the neck, which causes  the  head
to be held to one side.   The remedy is the  divi-
sion  of the contracted muscles.
  TORTOISE,  FRESHWATER, GREAT, Hy-
draspis expansa.
   TORTUE, Testudo.
  TORTURA ORIS, Canine laugh, Neuralgia
faciei—t. Oris paralytica Linnasi, Paralysis, Bell's.
  TOR'ULA  CEREVIS'LE, Saccharom'yces seu
Mycoder'ma cerevisia, Cryptococ'cus ferment'um,
Yeast plant.   One of the simplest forms of vege-
tation, capable, under favourable circumstances,
of vegetating rapidly, and assisting in producing
the fermentation of saccharine  substanees.  The
plant has been found  in vomited fluids, and in
fasces.
  TORULUS  GLANDIS, Crown of the glans.
  TORUS, Muscle — t  Mantis, Metacarpus.
  TOTA BONA,  Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
  TOTUM CARNOSUM, Pancreas.
  TOUCH, Tactus, Tac'tio, Haphe, Hapsis,  Tac-
tion, Paipa'tion, (F.)  Toucher.  One of the five
senses, and that which makes known  to us the
palpable qualities of bodies, such as  their con-
sistence, quality, Ac.  It is seated,  particularly,
in the hands;  and  differs  from tact in being
active.
  Touch-me-not, Impatiens fulva.
  Touch, Royal.  It was at one time almost uni-
versally believed, in England, that the royal touch
would remove Scrofula or King's Eftl,  (as it was
thence called.)  This superstition is now entirely
exploded.  Edward, the Confessor, was the first
English king who touched for the Evil.
   TOUCHER, Esaphe, Touch.
  TOUCHAVOOD, Boletus igniarius.
   TOUR DE MAITRE, Coup de maitre.
   TOURBILLON  VASCULAIRE,  Vasa va
sorum.
   TOURNESOL, Heliotropium Europasum.
   TOURNIOLE, Paronychia.
  TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cular, Tor'culum,  Tor
mac'idum, Prce'liitin, Pra'liitm, Pra'lium sou Pre
Ium arteria'le, Verticil'lum, Fas'eia tor'tilis, from
(F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical instrument
for stopping the course of blood in the limbs, by
exerting a  strong compression upon  the principal
artery.   It was invented by a French  surgeon,
Morel, in the middle of the 17th century; and
was  modified  subsequently,  by Nuck, Verduc,
Monro, Petit, and Louis.  It is used to suspend,
for a time, the circulation in a limb, during great
operations ; to arrest arterial hemorrhage in cases
of wounds; to compress certain aneurismal and
other tumours,  Ac.
   TO US-LES-3IOIS,  Am'ylum canna'ceum.   A
fecula obtained from the root of Canna coccin'ea.
It resembles potato starch, and may  be substi-
tuted for arrow-root   It is  obtained from  St.
Kitts.
   TOUTE. BONNE, Salvia sclarea.
   TOUTE EPICE, see  Myrtus  pimenta — t.
Saine, Sanicula,
   TOUX,  Tussis—t. Bleue, Pertussis — t. Bron-
chique, Bronchial cough, Cough, tubal—t. Caver-
ueitse, see Cavernous —^piration — t. Convulsive,
Pertussis — t. Quintvuse, Pertussis — t. Tttbaire,
Bronchial cough, Cough, tubal.
   TOXIC JIM IA, Toxicohamiia.
   TOXICAL, Poisonous.
  TOXICATTO, Poisoning.
  TOXICODENDRON, Rhus toxicodendron.
  TOXICOHyE'MIA, Toxica'mia, from toLik„v,
' a poison.' and 'atfia, ' blood.'  Poisoning of the
blood.— Piorry.
  TOXICOL'OGY,   Toxicolog"ia,  from rofixov,
(itself from ro£ov, 'a bow,') 'a poison,' and Xoyos,
'a description.'  A  treatise on poisons.
  TOXICO'SES, (G.) Toxikosen, from rofrxov,
'a poison.'  A family  of  diseases, according to
the classification of Fuchs, caused  by the recep-
tion of poisons into the system.
  TOXICUM, Poison, A'enom.
  TRABECULA CEREBRI, Corpus callosum—
t Cordis, Columnas carneae.
  TRABECULE SPLENIS, see Spleen—t Wil
lisii, Chordae AVillisii.
  TRABES CORDIS,  Columnas carneae.
  TRABS, Penis—t. Cerebri, Corpus callosum—
t Medullaris, Corpus callosum.
  TRACE, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive.
  TRACHE'A,  (generally,  however, accented
Tra'chea,)  Trache'a arte'ria, Bronchue, As'pera
arteria, Fie'tula epiritua'lie,  F. pulmona'lis, Can-
no, Syrin'ga,  Syrinx; the  Windpipe, Throttle,
(F.) Trachie  artere, from rpaxvs, 'rough,'  and
aprnpia, 'artery,' composed   of  anp,  'air,'  and
rnpav,  ' to  keep.'  The trachea is  a  cylindrical,
fibro-cartilaginous and  membranous  tube, flat-
tened behind, and situate on  the median line, be-
fore the vertebral column, from  the inferior part
of the larynx,  as far as the third dorsal vertebra.
There it divides into two branches, the bronchia,
which separate to go to each  lung.  The trachea,
the function of which is to convey  air to the
lungs during respiration, is composed, 1. Of  car-
tilaginous rings, An'mtli corti/agin'ei, Segmen'ta
eartilagiu'ea, Orbee cartilagino'ei, incomplete be-
hind ; situate one above the other, and kept in
situ  by a  fibrous membrane.  2.  Of a mucous
membrane, which lines it internally, and contains
numerous mucous  follic-leS.   3.  Of  transverse
muscular fibres, not well-marked, which occupy
its  posterior surface.  4. Of vessels, which pro-
ceed from the  superior and  inferior  thyroideal;
and, 5.  Of nerves, that are given off by the pneu-
mogastric and the cervical ganglia.  The breath-
ing tubes of insects are termed Trachea.
  Trachea Arteria, Trachea.
  TRACHEAE, see Trachea.
  TRA'CHEAL, Trachea'lis.   Appertaining to
the trachea.   An epithet applied  to  respiration
as heard through the stethoscope opposite the
trachea, larynx, and root of the  bronchia; the
air appearing  as if sucked  in from the cylinder
during  inspiration,  and expelled during expi-
ration.
   Tracheal Glands.  Mucous follicles on  the
posterior surface of the trachea.  They are small,
flattened ovoid bodies.
   TRACHEE ARTERE, Trachea.
   TRACHEITIS, Cynanche trachealis.
   TRACHELAGRA, Torticollis.
   TRACHELIAN, Cervical.
   TRACHELISM'US, from rpaXriXov, 'theneck.'
A term proposed by Dr. Marshall Hall, for a fan-
cied spasmodic action of the muscles of the neck,
which  he esteems to be the cause of many morbid
phenomena, by inducing compression of the veins
of the  neck and an impeded return of blood from
the head.
   TRACHELITIS, Cynanche trachealis.
   TRACHELIUM AMERICANUM, Lobelia car-
dinalis.
   TRACHELO-ATLOIDO-OCCIPITAL, Obli-
quus superior  capitis—t. Atlo'ido-basilaire, Rectus
capitis lateralis — t. Basilaire, Rectus capitis in- 
TRACHELO
867
TRANSPOSITIO
ternus major — t. Basilaire, petit, Rectus capitis
internus minor.
  TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRACMAT'IC, Trachelo-
dia/ihragmat'icua.   The fourth pair of cervical
nerves, whence the phrenic nerve chiefly arises.
— Chaussier.
   TRACIIELO-MASTOIDIEN, Complexus mi-
nor— t. Occipital, Complexus—t. Phyma, Bron-
chocele— t. Scopulaire, Levator scapulas.
   TRACHELOS, Collum.
   TRACII EOCELE, Bronchocele.
   TRACHEOPIION'Y, Laryngophony.
   TRACIIEOPHTHISIS, see Phthisis laryngea.
   TRACHEORRIIAG"IA, Hamop'toe seu Ha-
mop'tysis  laryngn'a et trachea'lis, from rpaxeta,
'the trachea,' and pnyvvut, 'to break forth.'  Hae-
morrhage from the trachea.
   TRACHEOSTENOSIS, from  rpaXtta,  'the
trachea,' and areviaais, 'contraction.' Contraction
or narrowness of the trachea.
   TRACHEOTOMY, see Bronchotomy.
   TRACHITIS, Cynanche trachealis.
   TRACHO'MA, Aspre'do, fromrpaxvs, 'rough.'
 Gran'ular conjuncti'va,  Gran'ular  eyelid,  (F.)
Asperiti dea Paupierea.  A roughness of the inner
surface of the  eyelids;  granular eyelids.  A  va-
riety of ophthalmia, of which three kinds have
been designated :— T. aabulo'eum, from sand, Ac,
getting between  the eyelids;  T. carunculo'eum,
Phadaro'dee, Phadaro'sis,  Morum pal'pebra in-
 ter'na, from fleshy excrescences ; and T. herpet'-
icum, from hard pustules on the inner surface of
 the eyelids. This last is, also, called Fico'eie, and
Pal'pebra fieo'ea.
   TRACT, OPTIC, see Optic nerves — t Respi-
ratorf, see Respiratory tract.
   TRACTATIO  MANUARIA, Surgery.
   TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,  see Tractors,
 metallic.
   TRACTORS, METAL'LIC.  Metallic agents,
introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Connecticut,
 about the end of the last century, to cure diseases.
 The  parts were rubbed with  these  tractors, and
 hundreds of thousands of cases were reported to
 have been cured by the Tractora'Hon.  The affec-
 tions, in which they were chiefly used, were local
 inflammations, and pains in different parts.  The
 good effects were, doubtless, owing to the influence
 exerted by the mind over the  body.  The bubble
 did not exist long.   See Perkinism.
   TRACT US INTESTINORUM, Intestinal
 Tube — t  Opticus, see  Optic nerves — t Respi-
 ratorius, Respiratory tract.
   Tractus Spira'lis Foraminulen'tus. Minute
 openings at tho base of the  modiolus, arranged
 in a spiral manner, which transmit the filaments
 of the cochlear nerve.  The  central canal of the
 Tractus is longer than the rest, and is called Tu'-
 bulus centra'lia modi'oli.
   TRADESCAN'TIA VIRGIN'ICA, Spider-
 wort; indigenous; Order, Commelynaceae; flow-
 ering from May to August   The  roots are  de-
 mulcent.
   TRAGACAN'TITA, Gummi Tragacan'tha,  G.
 Aatrag'ali Tragacantha,  Gum Tragacanth, Gum
 Dragon.  The  concrete juice  of the Aetragalue
 Tragacantha  or Astragalus  Verus, a native of
 Persia.  Family,  Lciruminosas.  Sex. Syst.  Dia-
 delphia Decandria, (F.) Gomme Adragant, Adra-
 gant.  This gum is inodorous ; nearly insipid ; of
 a whitish colour; semi-transparent, and striated.
 It is in thin, vermiform pieces; and does not form
 a smooth, uniform mucilage with water.  It is
 demulcent, but is rarely used alone.
   TRAGEA  AROMATICA, Pulvis cinnamomi
 compositus.
  TRAG"ICUS, Tragien (Ch.), from Tragus.  A
small, flat, triangular muscle which almost wholly
covers the outer surface of the tragus, arising
from its base, and terminating at the top of the
eminence.
  TRAGIEN, Tragicus.
  TRAGOMASCHA'LIA, Tragomae'chale, from
rpayos, 'a goat,' and fiaaxaXn, 'axilla.' The strong,
unpleasant odour of the armpits.
  TRAGOPHONIA, Egophony.
  TRAGOPO'OON, Barba hirci, from rpayos, 'a
goat,' and irtayiav,  'beard.'  A genus of plants;
Family, Cichoraceas.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Po-
lygamia iEqualis.  (F.) Barbe de Bouc; of which
the roots of the Tragopogon porrifo'lium, Salsifi-,
Oyster-root, and the young shoots of the T. pra-
ten'se, Meadow Salsifi, Common Goat's Beard, (F.)
Salsifis des pres, are eaten as food.  The root of
the latter has been used as a diuretic.
  TRAGOSELINUM, Pimpinella saxifraga — t
Angelica, Ligusticum podograria—t. Magnum,
Pimpinella magna—t. Majus, Pimpinella magna
— t Saxifraga, Pimpinella magna.
  TRAGUS, rpayos, 'a goat;' from its being fur-
nished, in some persons, with hair, like the beard
of a goat.  Hircus, Hirquus.  A small, flattened,
triangular nipple, situate before the meatus audi-
torius externus, which it appears to conceal.  It
is covered with hair  in  old people, whence  its
name.  Also, the peculiar goat-like smell of the
axillae.
  Tragus Matthioli, Salsola kali.
   TRAINASSE, Polygonum aviculare.
  TRAMIS, Perinaeum.
  TRANCE, Catalepsy, Ecstasis.
   TRANCHllES, Tormina — t. Utirines, Pains,

  TRANSFIGURATIO, Transformation.
  TRANSFORMA'TION, Transforma'tio, Trans-
figura'tio, Transmuta'tio, Metab'ole,  from  trans,
'beyond,' and/or77ior,  'form.'   Change of form.
   TRANSFORMATIONS  DE TISSU,  (F.)
The  French  pathologists  designate thus  the
change that occurs in  an  organ, the tissue of
which becomes similar to that of another organ.
The chief transformations are cartilaginous, osse-
ous, and adipous.   See Tissue.
   TRANSFU'SION,  Tranefuaio, from transfun-
derc (trane, and fundere, ' to pour'), ' to pour from
one vessel into another.'  Tranafusio San'guinis,
 Cura  Medea'na, Methamachym'ia,  Hamatome-
tach'ysis, Haniometach'ysis,Dioch'yais,Transplan-
ta'tio med'ica nova, Ohirur'gia transfuso'ria, Ex-
otichamoto'eia.  The act of passing  the  blood of
one animal into the veins of another ; an opera-
tion which was formerly used to fulfil various
therapeutical  intentions.  It  has been  revived
in cases of uterine hemorrhage; and, apparently,
with  some success.
   The operation can only be  performed  safely
on animals  having like kinds of  blood.  See
Globule.
   TRANSLATION. Metastasis.
   TRANSMUTATIO, Transformation.
   TRANSPIRATIO, Perspiration—t Unilatera,
Hemidiaphoresis.
   TRANSPLANTA'TIO, Mctophytei'a.   A pre-
tended method of curing  diseases,  devised  by
Paracelsus—by making them pass from one indi-
vidual to another, either animal or vegetable.
   Transplantatio,  Morioplastice—t Medica
nova, Transfusion.
   Transim.anta'tio Dentis, Insit"io dentie. The
 act of transplanting a  tooth from one person to
another.
   TRANSPORT. Delirium.
   TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis. 
TRANSPOSITION
TRAPEZIUM
   TRANSPOSITION, Tranapoaitio, from trana,
 'over,' and^ofltrr, ' to put'  Iletath'eaia. Change
 of situation.
   Transposition of  the Vis'cera, Polype'ria
 promis'cua transloti'va, Intus inrer'sus, is a con-
 genital vice of conformation,  which consists in
 the viscera being found out of the situations they
 ordinarily occupy: the heart, for  example, being
 on the right side; the liver on the left, Ac.
   TRANSUDATE), Diapedesis.
   TRANSUDATION,  Transuda'tio, from trans,
 'through,' and eudare, sudatum, 'to sweat'  The
 passage of a fluid through  the tissue of any or-
 gan, which  may collect in  small drops  on the
 opposite surface, or evaporate from it.
   Transudation, Exosmose.
    TRAATS VERS AIRE EPINEUX, Transver-
 salis dorsi—t. Epineux du cou, Semispinalis colli
 — t. Grele,  see  Sacro-lumbalis — t. Epineux du
 dos, Semi-spinatus dorsi.
    TRANSVERSAL DE LA CON QUE, Trans-
 versalis auris — t. du Nez, Compressor nasi — t.
 dee Orteils, Transversus pedis.
    TRANSVERSALIS, Transverse.
    Transversa'lis  Abdom'inis,  (F.)  Lombo-ab-
 doniinal,  (Ch.) Transverse  de PAbdomen.   This
 muscle is seated, deeply, on the lateral parts of
 the abdomen. It is flat, thin,  and broader before
 than behind.  It is attached, above, to the carti-
 lage  of the last true rib, and to those  of every
 false rib ;  iu»d, below, to the  inner lip of the crista
 of the ilium ; to the two outer  thirds of the crural
 arch,  and to the upper part of the  pubis.  Its
 fibres, moreover, are inserted, behind, by means
 of broad  aponeuroses, into  the top of the trans-
 verse and spinous processes of the first four lum-
 bar vertebras; and, before, into  the  linea alba,
 and the ensiform  cartilage.  This muscle, all of
. whose  fibres have  a transverse direction, con-
 stricts the belly, and diminishes the  base of the
 chest, by  drawing inwards the ribs to which it is
 attached.
    Transversalis Anticus Primus,  Rectus ca-
 pitis lateralis — t  Collateralis colli,  see Sacro-
 lumbalis.
    Transversa'lis  Colli,  Tranaversalia Major
 colli,  Portion of the  Sacrospinal  (Ch.), (F.)
  Transversoire. A muscle, seated at the posterior
 and  lateral part of the neck and upper part of
 the back.  It is attached to the transverse pro-
 cesses of the five or six lowest vertebras of the
 neck ; and to those of the four or five first dorsal.
 It extends the vertebras of the neck, and inclines
  them to its side.
    Transversalis Colli, Semi-spinalis colli.
    Transversalis  Dorsi,  Traneverso-spinalis,
 Midtif'idus Spina, Lumbo-cervical portion of the
  Spinal (Ch.), (Tranevereo-epinalie Lumbo'rum,
  Transversa-epinalie  Dorsi, Tranevereo - spinalis
  Colli,) Mas'cuius sacer, Spinales et transversales
  lumborum, Semi-spinalis internus sive Transverso-
  spinalis  colli pars  interna  (Winslow),  Lombo-
  dorsi-spinol, Ac,  (F.)  Transversoire ipineux.
  This muscle, usually called,  by English anato-
  mists,  Multifidus epina, and including  all the
  traneverso - spinales, is  situate in  the  vertebral
  gutters, extending  from the posterior part of the
  sacrum to  the  second cervical  vertebras.  It  is
  thicker in  the  neck and loins than in the back
  and behind the sacrum. Its use is—to straighten
  the vertebral column,  and to impress upon it a
  slight rotary motion.
    Transversalis  Nasi, Compressor naris.
     TRANSA'ERSARIUS, Transverse.
     TRANSA'ERSE,  Transver'eus, Transversa'lis,
   Transversa'rius, from trans,  ' over,'  and verterc,
   ' to  turn.'   That  which runs across: also, that
which  relates to the transverse processes of the
vertebras.
  Transverse Artery of the Face, arises from
the temporal; passes transversely across the face,
in front of  the condyle of the lower jaw, and
gives its branches to the different muscles of the
cheek.
  Transverse Fissure, see Liver—t. Ligament
of the Atlas, Annular ligament.
  Transverse Perineal Artery,  Urcthro-bul-
bar (Ch.), is given off from  the upper branch of
the internal pudic;  and passes inwards and for-
wards  above the transversus  perina'i muscle, as
far as the  bulb  of the urethra, into which it dips,
subdividing into numerous branches.
  Transverse Proc"esses of the  A'er'tebr^:,
Diapophyses, of Owen,  (F.) Apophyses traneverees
dee vertebree, are the bony eminences that jut out
transversely and posteriorly from the sides of the
vertebras.
  Transverse  Suture,  Sutu'ra  transversa'lis,
runs across the face,  and sinks into  the orbit;
joining the bones  of  the skull to  those of the
face, but with  so many irregularities  and inter-
ruptions, that it can scarcely be recognised as  a
suture.
   TRANSVERSE DE L'ABDOMEN, Trans-
versalis abdominis — t. de POricule, Transversus
auris — t. du Pirinie,  Transversus perinasi.
   TRANSVERSOSPINAL,  Semi-spinalis colli,
Semi-spinalis  dorsi — t  Spinalis,  Transversalis
dorsi — t. Spinalis colli.  Semi-spinalis colli—t
Spinalis dorsi,  Semi-spinalis dorsi.
   TRANSVER'SUS AURIS, Transver'eus Au-
ric'ula, (F.) Transverse de POricule (Ch.), Trans-
versal de la  Conque,  is often wanting.  It  is
formed of some transverse  fibres, situate  trans-
versely, behind the projection of the helix which
divides the  concha into two portions.
   Transversus Pedis, Scandula'riue, (F.) Trans-
versal deeOrteile, Metatarso-soua-phalangien trans-
versal du premier orteil (Chaussier).  A muscle,
which arises by fleshy slips from the heads of the
metatarsal  bones  of the three outer  toes.  Its
tendon is inserted into the base of  the first pha-
lanx of the great  toe, being blended with that
of the adductor pollicis.
   Transversus Perin^ei,  Leva'tor Ani parvus,
Ischio-pirineal (Ch.,)  (F.) Transverse du Pirinie,
is placed at the posterior part of the perinaeum.
It  is  thin,  triangular, and  situate transversely.
 Its external extremity is attached  to the  ramus
 and tuberosity of the ischium: its inner extremity
is confounded  with its fellow of the  opposite side,
 and with the  anterior part of the  sphincter ani
 and posterior part of the bulbo-cavernosns. The
 use of this  muscle is,  — to compress the urethra,
 and to support the rectum and bladder.  To a
 fasciculus of this muscle, Santorini  has given the
 name Ure'thra Eleva'tor seu Ejacula'tor.
   Transversus  Perina'i Alter, Prostat'icus
 inferior.  A small muscle which occasionally ac-
 companies  the last.
   TRAPA  NATANS, (F.) Macre flottante, Noix
 d'Eau, Chataigne  d'Eau.  Sex. Syst.  Tetrandria
 Monogynia.   The plant  which affords the Nuce»
 Aquat'ica,  Trib'uli aquatic!, Caltrops. The nut
 is considered nutrient and  demulcent, and is said
 to be useful  in diarrhoea from abrasion of the
 bowels, and in calculus.  A poultice is sometimes
 made of  it  to  discuss  hard and indolent tumours.
    TRAPEZE, Trapezium, Trapezius.
   TRAPE'ZIUM  OS, rpairtt,iov.  So  called from
 its shape.   Os multan'gulum majiie, (F.)  Oe tra-
 plze.  The first bone of the second row of the
 carpus.  It is articulated, above,  with the sca-
 phoides; below, with the first bone of the meta- 
TRAPEZIUS
TRIANGULAR
metacarpal  none.   Anteriorly, posterio:
externally, it gives attachment to ligame
  TRAPE'ZIUS, Cuculla'ria,  (F.) D
acromial (Ch.), Trapeze, Capuchon.  A
carpus; within, with the trapezoides, and second
metacarpal  bone.   Anteriorly, posteriorly, and
                                    lents.
                                    Dor80-8U8-
                       .  jopuction.  A muscle,
seated at the  posterior part of the neck and
shoulder, and at the upper part of the back.  It
has the shape of a trapezium; is attached, on the
one hand, to the inner third of the  upper curved
line  of the occipital bone;  to the posterior cer-
vical ligament; to the spinous process of the 7th
cervical vertebra;  and to those of all the dorsal
vertebrae; and, on  the  other  hand, to the spine
of the scapula; the acromion and the outer third
of the posterior margin of the clavicle.  Its upper
fibres are situate obliquely downwards  and out-
wards; the transverse and inferior, obliquely out-
wards and  inwards.   This muscle elevates the
shoulder; carries  it backwards, or depresses it,
according as its upper, middle,  or lower fibres
contract separately.   It  straightens the  head,
also, and inclines it to one  side.
   TRAP'EZOID LIGAMENT.  The anterior
part of the coraco-clavicular ligament.  It is a
very strong, fibrous  fasciculus, which  has  the
shape of a  trapezium,  and is situate obliquely,
between the acromion process and clavicle.
   TRAPEZOI'DES, OS, Oe multan'cjulum minue,
 Oa pyramida'le carpi,  from rpaire^iov, 'a trape-
zium,' and  £(c5of, ' shape or resemblance.'  The
second bone of the second row of the carpus,—so
called from  its shape.  It is smaller than the tra-
pezium, on the inside of which it is situate.  It
is articulated,  above, with  the  os naviculare;
below, with the second  metacarpal  bone; on the
outside, with the trapezium; and internally, with
the  magnum.   Anteriorly and  posteriorly,   it
affords attachment  to ligaments.
   TRAURENOUR, Grape cure.
   TRAULISMUS, see  Balbuties and Blassitas.
   TRAULOTES, see Blassitas.
   TRAUMA, AVound.
   TRAUMAT'IC,  Traumat'icue,  Vulnera'rius,
 Vulnerary; from  rpavpta, ' a wound.'  Any thing
 relating to a wound.
   TRAUMATICA, Detergents, Vulneraries.
   TRAUMATICUS,  Traumatic, Vulnerary.
   TRAUMATOP'VRA, Febrie traumatica; from
 rpavpa, 'a wound,' and irvp,  'fire.'  A wound fever,
 or fever consecutive to  a wound.
   TRAArAIL, Parturition.
   TRAVAIL D'ENFANT, Parturition.
   TRAVELLER'S JOY, Clematis  vitalba.
   TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca — t  English,
 Teucrium chamasdrys — t  Venice,  Theriaca.
   TREAD, Cicatricula—t of the Cock, Molecule.
   TREE, ELK, Andromeda arborea—t of Life,
 Thuya occidentalis—t  Sour, Andromeda arborea.
   TREFLE D'EAU, Menyanthes  trifoliata.
   TREFOIL,  Hepatica triloba — t Bean, stink-
 ing, Anagyris — t.  Marsh,  Menyanthes  verna—t
 Sour, Oxalis acetosella — t. Shrubby, Petela tri-
 foliata— t  AVater,  Menyanthes trifoliata.
   TREMA, Foramen.
   TREMELEMENT, Tremor — t.  Mitallique,
see  Tremor.
   TREMBLES, Milk-sickness.
   TREMBLING, Tremor.
   TREMELLA AURICULA, Peziza auricula.
   TREMOR,  Trepida'Uo,  Syn'clonua  Tremor,
 Tromo-sposmus, Tromua,  Trembling,  (F.)  Trem-
blement, from tremere, 'to tremble.'  Involuntary
agitation of the body, or of some part of it, with-
out any obstacle  to voluntary motion.  It  de-
pends,  generally,  upon debility of  the muscular,
or of the   nervous system;  and,  hence,  is  ob-
served in  convalescence,  and iu typhoid  affec-
tions.  It occurs, also, in old people :  in  hard
drinkers; workers in  mercury, lead, ic.: in the
last case, it is called by the French, Tremblement
mitallique, Tremor metal'licue.  Tremor seems to
resemble paralysis more  than convulsion.   See
Paralysis agitans and Pavitatio.
  Tremor Cordis, Hippus, Palpitation — t. Me-
tallicus,  see Tremor — t Purring, Frimiesement
cataire.
  TREPAN, Trep'anum, Terebel'la,  Trip'anon,
Pereter'ium, Peretor'ium, Serra vcrsat'His, Chan'-
icie, Chcenic'ion,  Ter'ebra,  Ter'etron, Tire'trium,
 Vertib'ulum, Try'pia non, (F.) Tripan, from rpvrtaia,
' I perforate.'  A surgical instrument resembling
a wimble, and worked in the  same manner.  It
is  used for removing portions of bone, and par-
ticularly of the  bones of the skull.  The term
trepan is given  more particularly to the part of
the instrument that makes the perforation.   The
handle is so constructed as to receive  different
bits, as the Crown, the Trepan perforatif or Pe-
rite'rion, the  T. exfoliatif or De8quamato'rium
trep'anum, and the T. abaptie'ta.
  In Great Britain and  the  United States, this
instrument has been superseded  by the trephine,
which is more manageable.
  TREPANATIO, Trepanning.
   TREPANATION, Trepanning.
  TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio,  Anotre'eia, Ce-
plialotripe'ai8, Trepana'tio, Trype'eis, Treaia, Pri-
st's,  Priamua, Forti'tio, (F.) Trepanation.   Same
etymon as Trepan.  The methodical application
of the trepan.
  TREPANON,  Trepan.
  TREPANUM, Trepan.
  TREPHINE.  The instrument which  has re-
placed the trepan in  some countries.  It consists
of a simple, cylindrical saw; with a handle placed
transversely like that of a gimlet, and from the
centre of the circle, described by the teeth  of the
saw, a sharp little perforator projects, called the
 Centre-pin.   The centre-pin is capable  of  being
removed, at the  surgeon's option, by means of a
key for the purpose.  It is used to fix the instru-
ment until the teeth of the saw have made a cir-
 cular  groove,  sufficiently  deep  for it  to  work
 steadily.  The pin must then be removed.  Some-
 times the pin is made to slide up and down, and
 to be fixed in any position, by means of a screw.
   TREPHOUSA, Nurse.
   TREPIDATIO, Tremor—t Cordis, Cardiotro-
mus.
   TREPON'DO.  A weight  of three pounds.—
 Scribonius.
   TRE'SIS, rpnats, from rptta, 'I bore.'  Properly,
 a perforation.  A wound.  A forcible solution of
 continuity in a soft part, commencing externally.
 A genus in the nosology of Good.
   Tresis, Trepanning, AVound — t. Causis, Burn
 — t, Punctura,  Puncture — t Vulnus, Wound —
 t Arulnus laceratum, see Laceration — t. A'ulnus
 simplex, Cut.
   TR ESS A IL L EMENT, Shuddering.
   TRESSO'RIA, Epiai'on, evioeiov.  A term for-
 merly applied to the hair covering the mons ve-
 neris, the absence of which has, by the vulgar,
 been esteemed a matter of reproach.
   TRI,  rpi, in composition, 'three.'  Hence:
   TRIANGLE MEDULLAIRE, Fornix.
   TRIANGLE, VESICAL, see Urinary Bladder.
   TRIAN'Gl LAR,  Trigo'noe,  Triangula'ria,
 from tria, for tres, 'three,' and angulus, 'an angle.'
 That which has three angles.
   Triangular Ligament or  Infra-pibian is  a
 ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate trans-
 versely  beneath the  symphysis  pubis,  which it
 strengthens. 
TRIANGULARIS
870
TRICTIOPnYIA
  TRIANGULARIS, Depressor anguli oris —t
Coccygis,  Coccygeus—t. Nasi, Compressor naris.
  Triangula'ris  Sterni,  Sterno - coetal  (Ch.,)
Pectora'lie inter'nua.  A muscle situate at the an-
terior and inner part of the chest, behind the car-
tilages of the ribs.   It has the shape of a length-
ened triangle, the base of which is directed down-
wards.  It is attached to the posterior,  lateral,
and inferior part of the sternum, whence its fibres
pass upwards and outwards, and terminate by as
many distinct digitations at the cartilages of the
3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th  true ribs.   This muscle de-
presses the ribs and contributes to expiration.
  TRIBAS,   (F.)  Tribade, from rpifSta,' 'I rub.'
Frictrix, Frica'trix, Futu'tor, Mas'cula, Subagi-
ta'trix, Subiga'tor.   A female whose clitoris is so
large as to cause her to be regarded as an herma-
phrodite.  One who acts as a male with another
female.
  TRIBULI AQUATICI, see Trapa natans.
  TRIBUTUM  LUNARE, Menses —t Men-
struum, Menses.
  TRICE, Plica—t  Incuborum, Plica—t Scro-
forum, Plica.
  TRICAGO, Teucrium chamasdrys.
  TRICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris.
  TRICEPS, from tris for tres, 'three,' and caput,
' head.'  A name given to muscles that have three
fleshy bundles at one of their extremities.
  Triceps Adduc'tor  Fem'oris.   Under  this
appellation are comprehended three distinct mus-
cles ;  Adductor breris, A. longus, and A. magnus.
  Triceps Auris, Retrahens auris—t Brachialis,
Triceps extensor cubiti.
  Triceps Cruris, Femora'lis,  (F.) Trifimoro-
rotulien (Ch.,)  Crural,  Trifimoro-tibi-rotiilien,
Tricepe crural, T.  de la cuisse,  is situate  at the
anterior, inner, and outer part of the thigh.  It
is formed  of three  bundles  at its superior extre-
mity, viz.  1.  A middle fasciculus (the crura'lis of
most anatomists.)  2.  An external fasciculus (the
vastus externus)  and 3. An inner fasciculus (the
vastus internus.)   It  is attached, above,  to the
anterior, inner,  and outer surfaces of the  femur,
and  to the two  edges of the linea aspera, from
the base of the  trochanter to within four fingers'
breadth of the knee.  Below, it terminates by a
large tendon, which  is attached to the base and
edges of the  patella, as well as  to  the inner and
outer tuberosities of the tibia.   The triceps ex-
tends the leg on the thigh, and  conversely.
  TRICEPS DE LA CUISSE, Triceps cruris—
t. Crural,  Triceps cruris.
  Triceps Exten'sor Cu'biti,  Triceps brachia'-
lis, (F.) Scapnlo-humiro-olicranien (Ch.), Triceps
brachial.  This  muscle, which occupies  all the
posterior part of the  os humeri, is described as
two muscles by Douglas, and as three by Wins-
low.  It arises by three heads.  The first or long
head, — long  head of the biceps externus of Doug-
las, Anconetie major of AVinslow,—arises from the
anterior extremity of the  inferior costa  of the
scapula, near its neck, and below the origin of
the teres minor.  The second head, or short head
of the bicep>s externus  of Douglas, Anconeus exter-
nns of AVinslow, arises from the upper and outer
part of the os humeri, at the base of the great
tuberosity ; and the third head, — Brachialie ex-
ternue of Douglas,  Anconeua internua  of Winslow,
— the shortest of the three, arises from the back
part of  the os humeri, behind the  flat tendon of
the latissimus dorsi.  These three portions unite
about the middle of the arm, so as to form one
thick and powerful muscle, which is  inserted at
the upper part of the olecranon.  It extends the
forearm on the arm, and conversely.
   Triceps Magnus, Adduetoi magnus—t Minor,
Adductor longus femoris—t Secundus, Adductor
brevis.
  TRICILE INCUBORUM, Plica.
  TRICHANGIECTA'SIA, Angidiccto'eio,  Tri-
chocireue,  from 3pi£, rpix<if, 'a hair,'  ayyeiov, 'a
vessel,' and  exraais, 'dilatation.'  Morbid dilata-
tion of the capillary vessels.
  TRICHAUX'E ;  from  Spi{,  rp^os,  ' hair,' and
aufi7,  'increase.'  Increase  in  the quantity and
size of the hair, without change of texture.
  TRICIIERA ARA^ENSIS, Soabiosa.
  TRICHIA, Entropion.
  TRICHI'ASIS,   Trichio'sie, Tricho'aie,  from
Spif, rptxos,  ' hair.'  Morbus pila1 rie.   This name
has been given to several affections.  1. To a dis-
ease of the kidneys or bladder, in which filament-
ous substances,  resembling hairs, arc passed in
the urine.  This is also called Pilimic'tio. It
must  be  regarded  as a variety  of  Catar'rhus
vesi'ca.  2.  To a painful swelling of the breasts,
in child-bed women, when  the milk is  excreted
with  difficulty: — a disease attributed, by  Aris-
totle,  to a hair swallowed by accident and carried
to the breasts through the circulation ; and 3dly,
To inversion of the eye-lashes.  See Entropion.
  TRICHIASIS LACTEA, Infarctus  mammas
lacteus.
  TRICHILIA, Cathartics.
  TRICHI'NA SPIRA'LIS.  Same etymon.  A
small species of entozoa discovered in the muscles
of voluntary motion.   Trichinae  consist of  very
minute cysts, of an oblong  figure, having consi-
derable resemblance, in size and colour, to young
pediculi,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  the eels
found in paste and vinegar. No symptoms have
as yet been observed to be pathognomonic of their
presence.
  TRICHIOSIS, Trichiasis — t. Distrix, Distrix.
  TRICHIS'MUS.   Same  etymon.  Capilla'tio,
Fiseu'ra pila'rie.   A capillary fracture, fissure,
or crack.
  TRICHIURIA, Trichocephalus.
  TRICHOCEPH'ALUS,  Trichoceph'alue  die-
par:  from  $pi£, rptxos, 'a hair,' and xetpaXn,
'head.'  Trichu'ris, Trichurie  vulgaris, Triehuris
inteatina'lia, As'caris trichn'rltt, Ti ichiu'ria, Tri-
chocephalus  hom'inis, Mastigo'des hominis, Long
thread-worm.  A worm, from an inch and a half
to two inches  long;  the head acute; the body
spirally involuted in the male, almost straight in
the female.  The trichocephalus diapar generally
inhabits the cascum and colon, and is rarely met
with in the small intestines.  It  gives rise to no
peculiar  symptoms, and requires the usual an-
thelmintic treatment.
  TRICHOCIRSUS,  Trichangiectasia.
  TRICHOLABIS, Madisterium.
  TRICHOLABIUM, Madisterium.
  TRICHOLOGIA, Carphologia.
  TRICHOMA, Capillamentum, Plica.
  TRICHOMANES,  Asplenium  triehomanoides
—t Crenata, Asplenium triehomanoides.
  TRICHOMATION, Capillamentuin.
  TRICHOMATOSE HAIR,  Plica,
  TRICHOMONAS, Trichom'onoil; from 0/jif,
rptxos, 'a hair,' and povas,  fiovaios, 'unity.'  An
animalcule found by by M.  Donne in the mucus
of the vagina, where cleanliness has not been at-
tended to, and to which he has given the  name
Trichom'ona8 vagina'lie.  By some it is considered
to be  nothing more than separated  ciliated epi-
thelium from the uterus.
   TRICHON'OSUS, from fyif, rptXo's, 'hair,' and
voaos, 'disease.' A disease of the hair.
   TRICHOPHY'IA,  Trichophyt'ica, from  fy,f, 
TRICHOPHYTON
871
TRISMUS
'V'X'fr 'na'r>' and  tpvttv,  'to  grow.   Remedies
that promote the growth of the hair.
  TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS, see Porrigo
decalvans.
  TRICHOSCHISIS, Schizatrichia.
  TRICHO'SIS,  Pila're malum;  frpm tyf, rpt-
Xos, ' hair.'   Morbid  organization  or  deficiency
of hair.  A  genus in the system of Good.
  Trkhosis,  Entropion, Trichiasis — t.  Area,
Porrigo decalvans — t. Athrix, Alopecia — t. Dis-
trix, Distrix—t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans —
t. Hirsuties, Hirsuties—t  Plica, Plica—t. Polio-
sis, Poliosis—t Setosa, Hystriciasis.
  TRICHOTON, Scalp.
  TRICHURIS, Trichocephalus.
  TRICLISPERMA GRANDIFLORA, Polygala
paucifolia.
  TRICUS'PID, Tricus'pis, Tricuspid a'lis, Tri-
cuspid a'tus,  from iris for rrcs,  'three,' and cuspis,
'a point.'  That which  has three points.
  Tricuspid A'alves, Val'vula Tricus'pides seu
tr'uflo'chines seu  trisul'ca, are three triangular,
valvular duplicatures, formed  by the inner mem-
brane of the right  cavities of the  heart,  around
the orifice by which the auricle communicates
with  the ventricle.   The  elongated and pointed
top of each of these valves is continuous with the
chordae tendineas, which set out from the columnas
oarneas of the heart.  These valves are depressed
to allow the  blood  to flow from the auricle into
the ventricle ; and are raised to prevent its reflux
into the auricle.
   TRIENS,  Un'cia qua'tuor.   The third  part of
a pound.  Four ounces, Troy.— Galen.
  TRIFACIAL, Trigemini.
   TRIFEMORO-ROTULIEN, Triceps cruris—
(.  Tibi-rotulien, Triceps cruris.
  TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM, Oxalis acetosella
— t.  Aquaticum,  Menyanthes trifoliata — t. Au-
reum, Hepatica triloba,—t Cervinum, Eupatorium
cannabinum—t. Fibrinum, Menyanthes trifoliata
— t Hepaticum, Hepatica triloba.
   Trifo'lhtm Melilo'tus Officina'lis, T.offic"-
ina'le, Melilo'tus cit'rina, Melilotus, Lotus sylres'-
tris,  Septula Compa'na, Trifo'lium caballi'num,
 Coro'na  regia,  Trifolium  odora'tum,  Common
mel' Hot,  (F.)  Mil Hot.  Family,  Leguminosae.
Sex.  Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.  The infusion
or distilled water of this plant has been employed
in cases of ophthalmia.  It has also been  used in
fomentations, glysters,  Ac.
   Trifolium Officinale, T.  melilotus officinalis
— t  Paludosum, Menyanthes _ trifoliata—t. Pa-
lustre, Menyanthes trifoliata.
   TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trigos'tricus, Triren'ter; from
rpets, 'three,' and  yaarrip,  'belly.'  That which
has three bellies.   An epithet for  muscles so cir-
 cumstanced.                           *
   TRIGEMINI, Tergem'inl, from fri's,  'three,'
 and  gem'inns, 'double;'  'threefold,'  'triplets.'
 The fifth pair of nerves. Par trigem'inum, Nervi
 diti'si, N. gitstato'rii,  Nervus quintus, Par quin-
 tuin nervorum cerebra'Uum, N. tremellus, N. mix-
 tus,  N. sympathet'icus  me'dius, V. sympath'icus
medius. N. anon'ymiis, N. innomina'tus, Par trium
 funiculo'rum, Trifa'cial, (F.) Nerf gustatif inno-
minf, A'erf a trois  cordea,  Nerf trijumeou.  This
nerve arises below the tuber annulare  by one
large posterior root from the  corpora restiformia,
and by two small anterior roots from the corpora
olivaria, whence, proceeding  forwards to  the side
 of the sella Turcica,  the filaments composing the
large root  form  a  ganglion — the  Gasserian.
Emerging from  this ganglion, the filaments,  of
which" the  large root  consists, form,  with those
 constituting the small roots, and whieh  had not
passed through the ganglion, two flattened trunks,
each of which is soon divided into three branches,
in such a manner, however, that the first, or oph-
thalmic  branch, and the second or upper maxil-
lary,  are composed exclusively of the filaments
that arose from the corpora restiformia and passed
through the Gasserian ganglion ; whilst the third
or lower maxillary branch is composed in part of
those filaments, and in part  of those that arose
from the corpora olivaria, and  passed on one side
of the ganglion without  going through it.   The
whole, therefore, of the first and second branches.
and a part of the third are  sensiferous nerves,
whilst the remaining part of the third—the man'-
ducatory or mas'ticatory — is  wholly  motiferous,
and passes to the pterygoid and other muscles
concerned in mastication.
   TRIGONE CEREBRAL, Fornix—t.  Visical,
see Urinary Bladder.
   TRIGONEL'LA  FCENUM, T. Ft P num Gra'-
enm,  Fcn'ugreek,  Fai'nngreek, Fernum Gra'cum,
liu'ceras, II. Ftrnum Gra'cum, Carphos, -cEgoc"-
erae,  (F.) Finugrec.  Family,  Leguminosae.  Sex.
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.   A native of the
south of  France.   The seeds have a strong, dis-
agreeable smell,  and  an unctuous, farinaceous
taste ; accompanied by a slight bitterness.  They
are chiefly  used in poultices.
   TRIGONOS, Triangular.
   TRIGONUS A'ESICiE, see  Urinary bladder—
t.  Lieutaudi, see Ur-inary bladder.
   TRIJUMEAUX, Trigemini.
   TRIL'LIUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Broadleaf
Bethroot, Bethroot, Rattlesnake root,  Wakerobin,
Ooughroot,  Indian Balm, Ground Lily, Jews' Harp,
Indian  Shamroclc,  Pttriswort,  Truelove.   Sex.
Syst.  Hexandria  Trigynia,  A plant  peculiar  to
North America, which blossoms in the spring.
The root is astringent.
   There are many species of Trillium, all of which
possess the same properties.
   TRIOCEPHALIA, Aprosopia.
   TRIOR'CHIS, from  rpcts,  'three,' and  opxu,
' a testicle.'  One who has three testicles.
   TRIOSTEOSPERMUM, Triosteum.
   TRIOS'TEUM, T. Perfolia'tum seu majus, Tri-
osteosper'miim, Bastard Ipecacuan'ha,  Fever Hoot,
Feverwort,  Tinker's weed, Horse ginseng, Ipecac,
 Wild Coffee, White ginseng, Gen'tian, White Gen-
tian,  Sweet Bitter.  In very large doses, the bark
of the root proves emetic. It is a good cathartic,
in doses of twenty or thirty grains.  It sometimes
operates as a diuretic.
   TRIPE DE ROCHE.  Different lichens of the
species' Gyrophora, inhabiting the  arctic regions
of America, bear  this name.   They are eaten as
food by the hunters.
   TRIPHAR'MACUM.  rpapap/iaxov.  A medicine
composed of three ingredients.
   TRIPLET, from triplex,' triple.'  One of three
children born at  the same accouchement or ges-
tation.   Also, relating to triplets — as a 'triplet
conception.'
   Triplet Monsters, Monstra  irip'lica sen rr?"-
gem'ina, are such as have parts of the body tripled.
They are rare.
   TRIPSIS. Contusio, Trituration.
   TRIPUDIATIO SPASTICA, Chorea,
   TRIQUETRUM, (OS,) Cuneiform (bone.)
   TRIS1S. Brygmus.
   TRISMUS, from rptfa, 'I gnash.'   Enta'sia
 Trismus, Capis'trum, Tonos Trismus, Locked Jar-,
 Spasmus seu  Rigor seu Tet'anus  ruaxi/l'a  infe-
 rio'ris,  Gnathospas'mus, Stoinatoepai'mus, (F.)
 Mal  de Mochoire.  Spastic closure of the under
 jaw; a  partial  tetanus.  Cullen makes two va- 
TRISPERMUM
872
TROCHANTINIAN
rieties—T. naecen'tium, T. neonato'rum, Nineday
fite,  (F.)  Sarr^te,  attacking infants  during  two
weeks from birth ; and T. trauinaticue, originating
from a wound.
  Trismus Capistratus, Rridissure—t. Catarrh-
alis niaxillaris, Neuralgia maxillaris—t. Clonicus,
Neuralgia faciei—t Cynicus, see Canine laugh—
t. Dinstrophe  Sauvagesii, Paralysis,  Bell's — t.
Dolorificus, Neuralgia faciei—t. Maxillaris, Neu-
ralgia  faciei — t.  Nascentium,  see Trismus — t.
Neonatorum, see Trismus — t. Sardonicus, Risus
sardonicus.
  TRISPER'MUM, from rpcis,  'three,' and airtp-
pa,  ' a  grain or seed.'   A cataplasm, consisting
of three seeds,—cumin, bay, and smallage.  Gor-
raeus.
  TRISPLANCHIA, Cholera.
  TRISPLANCH'NIC, 'Trisplanch'nieus; from
rptts, 'three,' and airXayxvov, 'viscus.'  That which
relates to three orders of viscera.
  Trisplanchnic Nerve, Great sympathet' ic, In-
tercos'tal, Ganglion'ic  nerve, Nerve  of organ'ic
life, Ver'tebral nerve; — named  by Bichat  the
organic nervous system, in  opposition  to the other
nervous parts, called the animal nervous system.
Gall terms it, the nervoue system of the automat'ic
functions. It has  also been called  the  organic
nervous system, and ganglionic nervous system,  It
is called Trisplanchnic, because it distributes its
branches to the organs in the three great splanch-
nic cavities — the head, chest and abdomen.  It
is composed of a  series of ganglia, united by in-
termediate branches, and passing along the  side
of the  spine to the lowest part  of the trunk;
communicating,  by a branch,  with  each of the
thirty pairs  of spinal nerves and several of the
cerebral nerves;  and detaching nerves from its
several ganglia, which  accompany the arteries,
and  are distributed, particularly, to  the organs
of involuntary functions.  At its upper part, it is
concealed in the canalis caroticus  and cavernous
sinus, and is joined there  by a  branch of the 6th
pair of nerves, and by a twig from the Vidian
nerve of the 5th pair.   In passing down by the
side of the spine, it forms three ganglia in the
neck :—the  superior, middle, (thyroid ganglion,)
and inferior, (ver'tebral ganglion); 12 in the back
— the thoracic;  5 in the loins—the lumbar; and
three or four sacral, AVhen it reaches the coccyx
it unites  with its  fellow from the opposite  side,
forming a small ganglion — the coccygeal, Gan'-
glion impar, az'ygous gan'glion.  Meckel divides
it into two portions — 1. The central ganglions or
central part, composed  of the  numerous gangli-
onic plexuses in the abdomen; the centre of which
is the semilunar and solar plexuses.   2.  The ex-
ternal ganglions, Limitrophes  or  external part,
which comprise the series of ganglions situate at
the sides  of the spine, from the base of the cra-
nium  to  the  sacrum.  The great  sympathetic
seems to form a distinct, nervous system, destined
for the organs of involuntary motion : for although
communicating with both brain and spinal  mar-
row, it does  not  seem to be immediately under
the influence of either.
   TRISPLANCHNITIS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
   TRISSAGO, Teucrium chamasdrys—t Palus-
tris, Teucrium scordium.
   TRISTEMANIA, Melancholy.
   TRISTERN'AL. Beclard has given this name
to the third bony portion  of the sternum; — that
which corresponds to the third intercostal space.
   TRISTITIA, Athymia, Mosror.
   TRFLEOPHYA  AMERICANA, Fever, yel-
 low.
   TRITiEOPH'YES. Tritaoph'ya, from rpiraios,
 'tertian,' and ipvia, 'I originate.'   A  fever, whose
 type approaches the tertian.   Sauvages gave the
name Tritaophya Vratislarien'sis, to an epidemic,
which broke out in the Prussian army at Breslaw,
in the middle of the last century.
  TRITiEUS, Tertian fever.
  T1UTTCUM yESTl'VUM, T. cerea'le  seu Ce-
vallos seu compac'tum seu  erina'ceum  seu  Gaert
neria'num seu Linnaa'num sou pruino'sitm, ' Sum-
mer wheat;' and Trit'icum Hybern'um seu glau-
cum seu Mu'ticum seu Sic'ulum, Winter irheat, (F.)
Froment.   Family, Gramineae.   Sex.  Syst. Tri-
andria Digynia.  From these plants our wheaten
flour is  obtained, by grinding the seeds — Wheat,
Pyrus, Frumen'tum—and to them we are indebted
for our  bread and pastry.   The nutritive proper-
ties of  wheaten flour are so well known as not
to need comment
   Bread,  (F.) Pain, mixed with milk, constitutes
the ordinary emollient poultice;—and the crumbs
of bread,  Mica  panis, are a common excipient
for pills and boluses.
   Triticum Arvense, T. repens — t.  Cereale, T.
asstivum — t  Cevallos,  T. aestivum — t.  Com-
pactum, T. aestivum — t  Faginum, Polygonum
fagopyrum — t  Gaertnerianum, T. asstivum — t
Glaucum, T. hybernum, and T. repens—t Hyber-
num, see  T. asstivum—t Muticum, T.  hybernum
—t Linnasanum, T. asstivum — t Pruinosum, T.
asstivum.
   Trit'icum Repens,  T. arven'se  seu glaucum,
Agrop'yrum lavis'simum, Bromir% glaber,  Gramen
cani'num, Gramen dioscor'idis,  G. repens, Lolia'-
ceum radi'ce  repen'te,  Dog-grass, Couch-grass,
 Quickene, (F.) Chiendent.  The roots  are sweet,
and possess aperient properties.   They are said,
also,  to be diuretic.
   Triticum Siculum, T. hybernum.
   TRITIO, Contritio, Trituration.
   TRITON PALUSTRIS, see Ectozoa.
   TRITURA, Contritio.
   TRITURATION,  Tritura'tio,  Tritu'ra, Tritus,
 Tri'tio, Tripsis, from terere, tritum, ' to bruise.'
The act of reducing a substance to powder.
   Trituration, Contritio.
   TRITUS, Contritio, Trituration.
   TRIVELIN, see Livar.
   TRIVENTER, Trigastric.
   TROCAR,  Trochar, Acus paracent'ica seu. pa-
racentet'ica, A. triq'uetra  vulga'ris, Par'acenti'-
cion, Paracentete'rion.  Corrupted from  the (F.)
 Troisquarts or Trocart, 'three quarters;'  so called
from the triangular shape  of the point—Triq'uet-
rum.  An instrument used for evacuating fluids
from cavities,  particularly in ascites,  hydrocele,
 Ac.  A trocar consists  of  a perforator or stylet
and  a  cannula, which  is  so adapted  to the per-
forator, that, when the puncture is made, both
enter the  wound with  facility;  after  which, the
 stylet being withdrawn, the cannula  remains in
the wound and affords  the fluid  a ready passage
 outwards.
   TROCART, Trocar.
   TROCH, Trochiscos.
   TROCHANTER,  Trolcanter,   Rota'tor, from
 rpoxata, 'I turn.'  Anatomists  have  given  the
 names  great and little trochanter to two processes
 at the upper extremity of  the femur.  The great
 trochanter, glutus, is the one on  the outside: the
 less is  lower down and more internally.  Both
 afford attachment to rotator muscles of the thigh,
 and  hence their name.  Chaussier, by  the word
 trochanter, means the larger process;  the smaller
 he calls trochantin.
   TROCIIANTER'IAN,   Trochanteric nus,  Tro-
 kanter'ion. That which belongs or relates to the
 great trochanter.— Chaussier.
   TROCIIANTIN'IAN, Trokantin'ian,  Trochan.
 tinia'nue.   That whieh belongs or relates  to the
 trochantin or lesser trochanter. 
TROCHAR
873
TROMOPARANOEA
  TROCHAR, Trocar.
  TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME,
Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis — t  of Chalk, Tro-
chisci carbonatis calcis—t Escharotic, Trochisci
escharotici — t Gum, Trochisci gummosi — t. of
Ipecacuanha, Trochisci ipecacuanhas — t. Liquo-
rice, Trochisci  glycyrrhizae — t.  Liquorice, with
opium, Trochisci glycyrrhizae cum  opio — t of
Magnesia,  Trochisci  magnesiae — t Nitre, Tro-
chisci nitratis potassas—t of Peppermint, Tro-
chisci menthae piperitae.
  TROCIIIA, Orbit
  TROCHILIA, Trochlea.
  TROCHIN, from rpoxetv, ' to turn.'  Chaussier
has given this name to the smaller of the tubero-
sities at the upper extremity of  the  os  humeri;
because it gives attachment to one of the rotator
muscles of the arm,— the subscapularis.
  TROCHINTAN,  Trochinia'nue.  That which
belongs or relates to the trochin.
  TROCHIS'CUS, Phthois, Artis'cus, Collix, Co-
lix,  Phthois'cos, Rot'ula, Cyclis'mos, diminutive
of rpoxos, 'a wheel.'  A troch or round table,  (F.)
 Trochisque.  See  Pastil, and Tabella.  A solid
medicine, prepared of powders, incorporated by
means of mucilage,  crumb  of bread, juices' of
plants,  Ao.  In French nomenclature,  the  tro-
chisque differs from the tablette,—the former con-
taining no  sugar.  This form of preparation  is
adapted for the purpose of allowing the medicines
of which the troch is composed to dissolve slowly
in  the  mouth, and to pass gradually  into  the
Btomach.
  The Parisian Codex has two formulas for troches
for external use.
  Trochisci  Beciiici  Nigri,   T.  glycyrrhizae
glabrae.
  Trochisci Carbosa'tis  Calcis,  Troches of
 Car'bonate of lime, T. of chalk, Tabella ad ardo'-
rem ventric'uli, Lozengee for the heartburn,  Ta-
 bel'la cardial'gica,  T. ad  eodam,  Trochie'ci e
 creta,  T. creta (Ph.  U. S.)  (Crer.  ppt. giv;
 acacia,  in  pulv. 3*j ; myrist. in  pulv. !Jj;  eacch.
in pulv. 3*vj. M.  Form into troches with water.)
 Antacid and absorbent.
   Trochisci e Creta, Tr. carbonatis calcis  — t
 Cretae, T. carbonatis calcis.
   Trochisci vel Pastil'li Emeti'na Pectora'-
 LES, Pectoral Lozengee of Em'etine.  (Sugar,  Z\v;
 emetine, 32 grains.  Form into  lozenges of  nine
 grains each.)   One is a dose.
   TROcnisci Escharot'ici,  Eacharot'ic Trochee.
 (Hydrarg.  oxymur.  p. 8; amyli,  p. 16;  mucilag.
g. tragac. q. s.  Make into  troches,  to  which a
 few drops of laudanum may be added. — Ph. P.)
 Used in foul ulcers, to remove excrescences,  Ac.
   Trochisci Escharot'ici  de  Min'io.   (Oxyd.
 plumbi. rubr. p. 16 ; hydrarg. oxymur. p.  32 ;  mic.
 panie, p. 128; aq.  roea,  q. s. — Ph. P.)  Used
 like the last.
   Trochisci Glycyrri'za  Glabra, Liq'uorice
 troches, Black pectoral lozenges, Trochie'ci bech'ici
 nigri, (Ext. glyc. glabr., gum. acac. aa p. j ; eacch.
 purif. p. ij.  Dissolve in  warm water; strain;
 evaporate, and form into troches.— Ph. E.)  De-
 mulcent.  To allay  cough.
   TROcnisci Glycyrrhi'za cum O'pio, T. 67. et
 opii (Ph. U. S.),  Trochieci Theba'ici, T. eedati'-
 vo-balaom'ici,  T. pectoro'lee regie Dctno'rum, Li-
 quorice  Trochee  with  Opium, Wistor's Lozenge8.
 (Opii, in pulv. ^ss: ext.  glycyrrhiz.  in  pulv.,
sacchar. in pulv.,  acacia, in pulv., aa |jx; ol.
aniei, fZ}.  Make into troches. — Ph. U. S.)  De-
mulcent and anodyne.
   Spitta'e Lozengee for coryza,  hoarseness,  and
sore-throat, are composed as follows : —-^(Ciibeb.
recent, in pulv. 3"ij : extract, glycyrrhiz. 5J; myr-
oxyl, Z.j ;  acacia, oiv; eyrup, q. s. ut  fiant tro-
chisci gr. x singulis.
  Trochisci Gummo'si, Gum  Trochee.  (G.  acac.
p. v ; amyli, p. i; eacch.  pur. p.  xij.  Make up
the  troches with  rose-water. — Ph. E.)   De-
mulcent
  Trochis'ci Ipecacuan'ha,  Trochee  of Ipeca-
cuanha.  (Ipecacuanh. in pulv. ^s^ : eacchar. in
pulv.  §xiv;  maranta, in  pulv.  5'vi  mucilag.
tragacanth. q.  s.  Make into troches.—Ph. U. S.)
  Trochisci Magne'sia, Troches of Mognc'sia.
(Magnee.  3iv; eacchar.  ibj;  myrist. pulv.  Zj ;
mucilag. tragacanth. q. s.  Make into troches.—
Ph. U. S.)  Useful in acidity of the stomach, with
constipation.
  Trochisci Mentha Piperi'ta, Trochee of Pep-
permint.  (Ol. menth. piperit. fZ.y,  eacchar. in
pulv. fit>j ; mucilag. tragacantha, q. s. Make into
troches.—Ph.  U. S.)  Used as a carminative.
  Trochisci Nitra'tis Potas'sa, Nitre Trochee.
(Nitrat. potassa, p.  j ; sacch. pur. p. iij.   Make
into troches with mucilage of tragacanth. — Ph.
E.) In slight inflammatory sore-throat and  fever.
  Trochisci  Pectoralf.s  Regis Danorum, Tr.
glycyrrhizas cum  opio — t Sedativo-balsamica,
Tr. glycyrrhizae cum opio.
  Trochis'ci  Soda  Bicarbona'tis, Troches of
Biear'bonate af Soda.  (Soda bicarb. §iv; eac-
char. in pulv.  Ibj ; mucilag. tragacanth. q. s.  To
be made  into a mass, and divided into troches,
each weighing ten grains. — Ph. U. S.)
  The Pastilles de   Vichy,  Pastilles  digestives
d'Hauterive-Vichy, Pastil'li  digesti'vi  Darcet'ii,
composed  of  bicarbonate  of eoda,  oil of per-
permint, and  eugar,  are much used in France,
like the Vichy waters, in cardalgia, gout,  and
lithiasis.
  Trochisci  Stibiati,  Tabellae  antimoniales
Kunckelii — t. Thebaici, T.  glycyrrhizas   cum
opio.
   TROCHISQUE,  Trochiscos.
  TROHTTER,  from rpoxetv,  'to  turn.'   The
larger of  the two tuberosities  at the  upper  extre-
mity of the os humeri; so called because it affords
insertion  to rotator muscles. — Chaussier.
  TROCHITER'IAN, in the  language of Chaus-
sier, means any thing belonging or relating to
the trochiter.
  TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia, (F.) Trochlie ou
 Troklie.  A pulley ; from rpoxata, ' I turn,'— for
example,  the articular surface at the lower  extre-
mity of the os humeri; so called from its forming
a kind of pulley on which  the  ulna  moves, in
flexion and extension of the forearm.   Also, the
cartilaginous pulley over which the tendon  of the
trochlearis muscle passes, at the upper and inner
part of the orbit.
   Trochlea Labyrinthi,  Cochlea,
   TROCHLEARIS, Obliquus superior oculi.
   TROCHLEATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus su-
perior oculi—t. Petit, Obliquus superior oculi.
 . TROCHLEE, Trochlea.
   TRO'CnOID, from rpoxos, 'awheel,' and etoos,
' resemblance.'  TrochoVties,  Ax'ea  commissu'ra.
An articulation, in  which  one bone turns upon
another, like a wheel upon its axle; as the Atlo-
ido-axoid articulation.
   TROCHOIDES, Axea commissura.
   TROEA'E, Ligustrum vulgare.
   TROISQUARTS, Trocar.
   TROKANTER, Trochanter.
   TROKANTERIAN, Troehanterian.
   TROKANTINIAN, Trochantinian.
   TROKI.EE. Trochlea.
   TROMOMANIA,  Delirium tremens.
   TROMOPARANOEA, Delirium tremens. 
74
TUBE
                   TROMOS                  8'

   TROAIOS, see Paralysis agitans.
   TROAIOSPASMUS, Tremor.
   TROMPE, Tuba— t. d'Euatache,  Eustachian
 tube—t. de. Fallope, Tuba Fallopiana—t. Utirine,
 Tuba Fallopiana.
   TROMUS, Tremor.
   TRONC, Trunk — *. Brachial, Brachial artery
 — t.  Baeilaire, Basilary artery.
   TROP^l'OLUM MAJUS, Indian Creee, Nos-
 tur'tium  Indicum,  Acrivi'olo,  Floe  aanguin'eua
 monar'di, Aastur'tium Peruvia'num,  Cardamin'-
 dum  majus, Car'damum majue.   Family, Gerani-
 aceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.   (F.)
 Cresson des Indes, Creeeon du Mexique, Gapucine.
 An antiscorbutic.
   Tropa'olum Tcbero'sum, Ulluco.  A tuberous
 plant, cultivated in the Sierra, Peru. It is smaller
 than the  potato.
   TROPHALIS, Colostrum.
   TROPHE, Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum.
   TROPHI.  Same etymon as Trophy.  In in-
 sects, the parts of the mouth that are employed
 in receiving and  preparing the food.
   TROPHTCAL, Troph'ictte.  Same etymon  as
 Trophy.  Relating to nourishment or nutrition.
   Troph'ical  Nerves.   The organic nerves, or
 nerves of the sympathetic system,  have been
 so termed, from a belief that they were concerned
 in nutrition.
   TROPHIMOS, Nutrition.
   TROPHONEUROSIS,  from  rpotpn, 'nourish-
 ment,' and neurosis.  A morbid condition of the
 process of nutrition owing to diminished nervous
 influence.
   TROPHON'OSI, Trophonu'ei,  from rpo<pn,
 'nourishment,' and  voaos,  'a disease.'  Diseases
 of nutrition.
   TROPHV, Troph'ia, rpotpr,,  a suffix denoting
 'nourishment or  nutrition ;' as hyperiropAi/, 'ex-
 cess of nourishment or nutrition.'
   TROPONU'SI, Morbi trop'ici, from rpoirn, the
 solstitial or tropical point where the sun turns or
 alters its course, and vovaos,  'a  disease.'   Dis-
 eases that prevail in the tropics.
   TROSTER, see Spirit.
   TROU, Foramen—t, Anonyme, Foramen stylo-
 mastoideum—t. Aveugle ou Borgne, Cascum fora-
 men— t. Borgne  of the Medulla oblongata, Fora-
 men  cascum of  the medulla oblongata — t.  de
 Botal, Botal foramen, Ovale foramen—t. Dichiri
 anterieur, Lacerum anterius foramen—t. Dichiri
 postirieur, Lacerum posterius foramen — t. Epi-
 neux, Spinale foramen — t. Mentonnier, Mental
 foramen—t. Optique, Foramen opticum — t. Or-
 bitaire eupirieur, Foramen supra-orbitarium — t.
 Orbitaire supirieur, Orbitar foramen superior —
 t. Ovate, Ovale foramen — t. Rond, petit, Spinale
 foramen — t. Soua-orbitaire, see  Suborbitar canal
 —t. Soue pubien,  Obturatorium foramen—t. Sphi-
 no-ipineux, Spinale foramen — t. Sue-orbitaire,
 Foramen  supra-orbitarium.
   TROUS CAROTIDIENS, Carotica foramina
 — t. Condylo'idiene, Condyloidea foramina—t.  de
 Conjugaiaon, Conjugationis foramina—t. de  Con-
' jugaiaon, see A'ertebras— t. Olfoctifs, Olfactory
 foramina—t. Rachidiena, Spinal foramina.
   TROUSSE-GALANT,  Cholera morbus.
   TROUSSEAU, Fasciculus.
   TROUSSEA UX ARRIERE - MESENTE-
 RIQUES, (F.)  A  name  given by AVinslow  to
 the nervous plexus situate between the two me-
 senteric  plexuses, of whieh it  is  a dependence,
 and whichdescends into the pelvis to concur  in
 the formation of the hypogastric plexus.
   TRUBS, Lveoperdon tuber.
   TRUCULENTUS, Homicidal.
   TRUELOVE,  Paris, Trillium latifolium.
   TRUFFE, Lveoperdon tuber.
   TRUFFLE, Lycoperdon tuber.
   TRUM BUS, Thrombus.
   TRUMPET CREEPER, Teeoma radicans—t.
Flower, Tecoma radicans—t AVeed, Eupatorium
purpureum.
   TRUNCUS, Trunk.
   TRUNK, Truncue, (F.) 7Voiic.   The principal
part of the body, to which the limbs are articu-
lated.  The trunk has  been  divided  into  three
parts : — a euperior, the head; a middle, the tho-
rax, and  an  inferior,  the  pelvie.   These  three
regions  contain  the great  splanchnic  cavities.
They are united  by a common stalk—-the verte-
bral column.   To the middle  are articulated the
superior  extremities;  and, to the inferior, the
lower extremities.
   The  trunk  of  an artery, vein, nerve, or lym-
phatic, is its largest part, which has not yet given
off branches.  It is, also, applied  to the parent
vessel,  after branches have been sent off.
   TRUSS, from (F.) troue8er, ' to tie up.' Brache'-
rium, Braehie'rium,  Brachi'le,   Brachi'rolum,
Bracheri'olum,  Amma,  Hamma,  Subliijac'tilum,
Subligatu'ra, (F.)  Brayer.  A hernial  bandage
for keeping hernia reduced.   The ancient trusses
were inelastic.   They  consisted simply of a pad
and strap.  At the present  day, elastic bandages
are alone employed. They pos.^ess  the advantage
of making an equable and continuous pressure on
the aperture of the sac; and of yielding  to the
changes of form  in the abdominal parietes.   The
most important part of these  bandages is a piece
of narrow steel, flat, and adapted to the shape of
the body.  This is the epring, (F.) Ressort.  It
embraces the body on  the side affected; extends
from beyond the spine, and terminates  opposite
the ruptured part, by an iron plate to which it is
riveted.  The  posterior surface of this plate  is
furnished with a  convex pad,  (F.) Pelote, adapted
in shape and size to the aperture which it  has to
close. The spring is covered with leather, and its
inner surface is padded ; a strap extends from its
posterior extremity ; passes round the sound side,
and is  attached to the plate of the pad.  This
strap is pierced with numerous holes, which allow
the patient to tighten or slacken  it at pleasure.
Trusses have  been variously constructed;  and
different  patents obtained  for the  modifications.
They all  act  upon the  above principle.   Some-
times they have  a double pad.
   TRYGODES,  Feculent.
   TRYPANON,  Trepan.
   TRYPESIS, Trepanning.
   TRYPSIS, Friction.
   TSCHERBET, Sherbet.
   TSIANA, Costus.
   TSJAMPACA, Michelia cbampaca.
   TUBA, Tube—t Aristotelica, Eustachian tube
— t Caeca, Tuba, Fallopiana — t Uterina, Tuba
Fallopiana — t. \Tocalis, Tube, vocal.
   TUBAL RESPIRATION, see Murmur, respi-
ratory.
   TUBE, Tuba,  Trumpet, Salpinx, (F.) Trompe,
A name given to some  parts which  are hollow,
and have the shape of a trumpet.
   Tube,   Alimentary,  Canal,  alimentary — t
Eustachian, Eustachian tube.
   Tube,  Fallo'pian,  Tuba Fallopia'na seu Fal-
lopii, Hys'terosalpinx,  Oritluc'tus mulie'bria, Vets
def'erene mulie'rie, Tuba uteri'na, T. caca, Ductus
varico'aus seu Proces'sus  latera'lis seu Mea'tua
seiniiia'Ue  seu  Me'atue semina'rius  u'teri, (F.)
Trompe de Fallope, T. utirine, is a  canal, floating
in the abdomen, and extending on  each side from
the superior  angles of the uterus as far  as the
sides of the brim of the pelvis.  They are 4 or 5
inches  long.   Near the uterus, they are straight 
TUBER                  8
and  very narrow; but, in  their course, they
widen, become tortuous, and terminate by a free,
expanded, and_/iiii7,rir»/ed extremity,■ called, also,
hoi in'ecu in ornamen'turn, Morsus diab'oli, Infnn-
dib'uluni seu Digitatio'nes seu Fim'bria seu Vex-
illa tuba'rum Fo/lo'pii, Lacin'ia tuba'rnm Fallo-
pii, (F ) Morcenu fram/i, Pavilion de la trompe,
Morceau du diable.  AVithin, the tubes are hol-
low and lined  by a mucous membrane:  the tis-
sue exterior to which is spongy and erectile.  The
use of the Fallopian tubes is to conduct the sperm
to the ovarium, and the fecundated ovum back to
the  uterus.  They  establish a communication
between the cavity of the peritoneum and that of
the  uterus, the  abdominal  termination being
termed Os'tium abdomina'le;  the uterine, Os'tium
uteri'niim.
   Tube, Intestinal, Canal, alimentary.
   Tube, G5sophage'al, Stomach Tube.  A long
elastic gum tube, capable  of being  passed into
the oesophagus or stomach.
   Tcbr, Rcctal, Defeca'tion  tube.   An elastic
gum tube, similar to the last, which is sometimes
passed into the colon,  to remove air  from that
intestine, or to enable enemata to be  thrown up
into  it.
   Tube, Stomach, see Tube,  oesophageal.
   Tube, Vocal, Tuba voca'lis.  The part of the
air-passages above the  inferior ligaments of the
larynx, including the passages through the nose
and  mouth.
   TUBER, Hump, Lycoperdon tuber, Tubercle
— t.  Atloido-occipital,  Rectus capitis  posticus
minor — t Cibarium, Lycoperdon tuber.
   Tuber  Cine'reum.  A grayish  tubercle, seen
at the base of  the  brain behind the  commissure
of the optic nerves, which is continuous with the
infundibulum.
   Tuber Frontale, Frontal protuberance — t.
Gulosorum, Lycoperdon tuber — t. Gutturosum,
Bronchocele — t.  Ischio-trochantirien, Quadratus
femoris — t Ischii, see Ischiatic—t Nigrum, Ly-
coperdon tuber—t Pellagra, Pellagra—t Tym-
pani. Promontory of the tympanum.
   TUBERA TERR.E,  Lycoperdon tuber.
   TU'BERCLE, Tuber'culum, Tuber, Strangal'-
ion,  Stran'golis, Tuber'culons depos'it, a Kernel,
(vulg.), a Knot (vulg.), (F.) Tiibereule.  A tumour
in the substance of organs, from the production
of new  matter: — sensation  null; growth slug-
gish.  In Pathological  Anatomy,  the  term  is
generally given to  a  species  of degeneration
which consists of an opake matter, of a pale yel-
low  colour : this, in its crude condition, has a
consistence analogous to that of concrete  albu-
men  : it  subsequently becomes soft and  friable,
and gradually  acquires a consistence and appears
analogous to those of  pus.   Tubercles may be
developed in different parts of the body ; but they
are most frequently  observed in  the lungs and
mesentery.  Pulmonary tubercles, Pneumophy'-
mata, Tuber'cula Pulmo'num, (F.) Tubercules pul-
monaires, are the cause of  Tuber'cular Phthisis.
Mesenteric  tnberclee  are often  met with in the
same affection, but particularly in  Tabes Mesen-
terica.  Laennec  classes tubercles among  the
accidental tissues which have no resemblance  to
the natural tissues, and which never exist except
in consequence of morbid  action.  Others con-
sider  them as a scrofulous degeneration.  Brous-
sais conceives that they are produced exclusively
by inflammation of the  white vessels, whose ex-
istence,  however,  is  more  than  questionable.
AVhen tubercles in any organ are few in number,
they may pass to the state of permanent indura-
tion  without  danger to the  patient;  but  when
they are very  numerous, they usually cause se-
rious  mischief.  Dr. Baron considers that they are
TUEERCULUM
produced  by hydatids.   The  morbid condition
which gives rise to the development of tubercles,
Tuberculization, is termed Tuberculo'sis, Morbua
tuberculo'eua, Strumoaia  seu  Phymoto'aia pulmo-
num, and Dyacra'aia Tuberculo''ao.  Tubercles aro
seen of various forms,—to wit, in fine points, ( (F.)
Poueaiire  tnberculeuac,)  gray and yellow granu-
lations, miliary tubercles;  and  gray or yellow
tubercular masses, softened, and cretaceous.
  Tubercle, Black,  Melanosis.
  TUBERCLES  OF  THE AREOLA, see Mam-
ma.
  TUBER'CULA ARAN'TII, Cor'pora Arantii,
Corpua'cula Aran'Hi,  Tuberclee  of Arantiua or
Aranzi.  Small eminences at the middle part of
the convex  edge of the  semilunar  valves of the
pulmonary artery and aorta.
  Tcbercula Arthritica, Calculi, arthritic — t
Cerebri, Encephalophymata—t. Gonorrhoica,  Go-
norrhoea impura—t, Hepatis, Ilcpato-atrumoeie—
t. Intestinorum, Enterophymata — t Nervorum
nodosa, Ganglions, nervous — t Parva duras ma-
tris, Glandulas  Pacchioni —  t.  Peritonasi,  Coelio-
phymata — t Pulmonum, see  Tubercles, (of the
lungs) — t  Quadrigemina, Quadrigemina Tuber-
eula.
  TUBER'CULAR, Tuber'culoua,  Tuberculo'eua,
Tuber'culote, (F.) Tuberculeux.  That which re-
lates to tubercles,  or which is formed by tubercles.
  Tubercular or Tuberculous  Constitution
or Diathesis, Phthiaio'eia, is the habit of body
which predisposes to tubercular phthisis;  as  Tu-
berculoid Cachex'ia, Tuberculo'aia, Morbua  tuber-
culo' sua, Dyacra'aia tuberculo'aa, is the condition
of one labouring under tuberculosis.
  Tubercular Matter.  A morbid production,
contained  in cysts, or loose  in the tissue of or-
gans.   It  varies,  in its consistence, at the differ-
ent periods of the tubercular affection :  being, at
first, compact,  and  yellowish; at times, calca-
reous; afterwards pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and
curdy.  See Tubercle.
  Tubercular Phthisis, is that produced  by
the development of tubercles in the lungs.
  Tubercular Sore  Throat, Pharyngitis, folli-
cular.
  TUBERCULATE, Tubercular.
  Tuberculate Sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy, Em-
phy'ma Sarcoma  tuberculo'sum,  Tumor tubercu-
losus.   Tubercles, firm,  round, and  clustering;
pea-sized or bean-sized; yellowish or brownish-
red ; when large, disposed  to  ulcerate, and pro-
duce a painful, malignant, and often fatal sore.
Found chiefly  in the lymphatic  glands  of the
neck ;  often, simultaneously, in other glands and
organs.
  TUBERCULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis.
  TUBERCULE, Tubercle.
  TUBERCULES  DES  GLANDES  LYM-
PHATIQUES, Scrofula—t. du Foie, Hipatoetru-
moaie—t. de8 Gangliona miaenteriquea, Tabes  me-
senterica—t. of the Larynx and Fauces, Pharyn-
gitis, follicular—t Miliary,  see Granulation — t.
Pi si formes, Mamillary tubercles—t. Pulmonairee,
see  Tubercle — t.  Quadrijumeaux,  Quadrigemina
corpora.
  TUBERCULEUX, Tubercular.
  TUBERCULIZATION, see  Tubercle.
  TUBERCULOSIS,  see Tubercle, and Tubercu-
lar Cachexia —t. Laryngis et Trachea?, Phthisis
laryngea—t. Pulmonum, Phthisis pulmonalis —
t. A'ertebrarum, Vertebral disease.
  TUBERCULOSUS, Tubercular.
  TUBERCULOUS, Tubercular—t. Deposit,  Tu-
bercle— t  Disease of the Lungs, Phthisis pul-
monalis— t Dust, Poussiire tuberculeuee.
  TUBER'CULUM CINE'REUM, 'Ash-co-
loured tubercle,' diminutive  of tuber; Faaci'c-la 
TUBEROSITAS              876                 TUNICA
cine'rea.  A mass of cineritious substance at the
top of the calamus scriptorius, which is continu-
ous below with the posterior horn of cineritious
substance  in  the cord, and upon the sides with
the corpus restiforme.
  Tcberculum  Lacrymale,   see  Lachrymal
puncta — t Loweri, Lower, tubercle of.
  TUBEROSITAS, Tuberosity — t Tympani,
Promontory of the tympanum.
  TUBEROSITE BICIPITALE, Bicipital tu-
bercle—t. Sciatique, see Ischiatic.
  TUBEROS'ITY,  Tuberoe'itae, from tuber, 'a
bump.'  Anatomists have given this name to an
eminence or process, the surface of which  is un-
equal and rough; and which gives attachment to
muscles or ligaments.
  TUBI  MEMBRANACEI, see  Villous  mem-
branes.
  TU'BULAR, Tubula'rie, (F.) Tubulaire. Same
etymon as the next.  Relating  to or haying the
form of a small tube.
  Tubular Blowing Sound, see Murmur, respi-
ratory—t. Neurine, see Neurine—t Substance of
the Kidney, see Kidney.
  TUBULE, Tu'bulue; diminutive of  Tuba.  .A
small tube.
  TUBULI BELLINI,  Uriniferous  tubes —t
Duras matris, Sinuses of the dura  mater—t Ner-
vei, Nerve fibres — t Pelvis renum, see Calix —
t. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous  tubes.
  TUBULUS,  Cannula —t Centralis  Modioli,
see Tractus spiralis foraminulentus.
  TUBUS  ACUSTICUS, Ear-trumpet — t Ali-
mentaris,  Canal,  alimentary — t Intestinorum,
Canal,  alimentary—t Nervorum, Neurilemma—
t Vermicularis casoi, Appendix vermiformis casci.
  TUCKAHO, Lycoperdon tuber.
  TUE-CHIEN, Colchicum autumnale.
  TULBAG'HIA ALLIA'CEA.   A  South Afri-
can plant,  Nat. Ord. Asphodeleas, the bulbs of
which, boiled in milk, are recommended in  phthi-
sis and as an anthelmintic.
  Tulbaghia cepa'cea and T. viola'eea  serve the
same purpose.
  TULIP TREE, Liriodendron.
  TULIP IE R, Liriodendron.
  TULIPIFERA LIRIODENDRON, Lirioden-
dron tulipifera.
  TUMEFACTIO, Swelling—t Mollis, Puffiness.
  TUMESCENTIA PITUITOSA, Leucophleg-
matia.
  TUMEUR, Tumour—t. Anomale, see Hasma-
todes fungus — t. Blanche, Hydrarthrus — t. Ca-
verneuee, see Hasmatodes fungus — t.  Encipha-
lo'ide, Encephaloid — t. Erectile,  see Hasmatodes
fungus—t. Ilimorrhagiale circon8crite, see Aneu-
rism— t. Lymphatique dee articulatione, Hydrar-
thrus—t. Variqueuee, see  Hasmatodes fungus.
  TUMOR, Swelling, Tumour—t Albus, Hydrar-
thrus—t Anomalus, Hasmatodes fungus—t Artu-
um, Obdormitio—t. Capitis Sanguineus, Cephalas-
matoma—t Carneus, Sarcoma—t Cysticus, En-
cystis—t. Cysticus serosus, Hygroma—t Fibrosus,
Tumour, fibrous—t.Ficosus, Ficus—t.Flatulentus,
Emphysema—t Fugax, see Fugacious—t Fun-
gosus articuli, Spina ventosa — t Fungosus san-
guineus,  Hasmatodes  fungus — t Gangliformis,
Ganglion, nervous — t Genarum, Meloncus — t.
Genu albus, Genocace —  t Glandulas parotideas,
Parotidoncus—t. Lacteus, Galactoneus — t. Lar-
deus, Steatoma—t. Malarum, Meloncus—t Ova-
rii, Oarioncus — t Parotidis, Parotidoncus — t
Prostatas, Prostatoncus—t. Renalis, Nephroncus
— t Sanguineus, Hasmatoma — t Squamiformis
carnosus, Lepidosarcoma — t Tuberculosa, Tu-
berculate  sarcoma — t. Tunicatus, Encystis — t.
Uteri, Hysteroncus.
  TUMOUR, from tic77ieo, 'I swell;'  Tumor, On-
coe, Oncue, Epar'ma, Eparaia, Empliy'mo, E.vcre-
seen'Ha (Sauvages,) Ecphy'ma, (F.) Turncur. A ris-
ing or prominence, of greater or less size, develop-
ed by a morbific cause in some part of the body.
Cullen defines a tumour to be " a partial swelling
without inflammation."   Sauvages restricts the
term to  a rising formed by the  congestion of a
fluid; and he calls excrescences those which have
a fleshy or osseous consistence.  Boyer defines it
" any preternatural eminence  developed on any
part of  the body."  Good uses it synonymously
with tubercle.  Boyer's is the best general defi-
nition.  Tumours differ greatly from each other;
according to their seat,  the  organs interested,
their nature,  Ac.
  The. French use the term Tumeur blanche sy-
nonymously with White Swelling ;—see Hydrar-
thrus.   The  term is,  however,  applied by the
generality of surgeons to swellings of the greater
joints, without change of colour of the skin, and
of a more or less firm consistence, which are de-
pendent upon disease of the osseous or of the soft
parts about the joint.
  Scrofula is the most  common cause of  these
affections.
  Tumour, Erec'tile.  A tumour produced by
the development of a soft, vascular tissue, which
is susceptible of elevation and depression.   See
Erectile.
  Tumour, Fibrous, Fibrous growth, Fibro'ma,
Tumour fibro'eue, Inohylo'ma. A tumour or growth
formed of fibrous tissue.
  Tumour, Laminated, Nacreous Fatty, Cho-
lesteatoma— t.  Milk-like, Encephaloid.
  Tumour,  Var'icose,  Tumor  varico'aus.   A
circumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the dila-
tation and turgescence of the capillary vessels  of
a part.
  Tumour, Vascular, see Hasmorrhois.
  TUNAS, see Cactus opuntia.
  TUNBRIDGE, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  A
celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent, England,
a few miles distant from the village of Tunbridge,
and thirty-six miles south of London, which is
much frequented.  It contains carbonic acid, car-
bonate of iron,  and sulphate of magnesia.
  TUNDA OCULI, Conjunctiva membrana.
  TUNDUS  CORDIS, Mucro cordis.
  TUNIC, Tu'nica, Chi'ton,  a  coat.  An  enve-
lope.   A name given to different  membranes,
which envelop  organs;  as  the tunics or coats  of
the eye, stomach, bladder, Ac.
  TUNICA ACINALIS, Uvea —t Aciniformis,
Uvea—t Acinosa, Uvea — t. Adnata,  Conjunc-
tiva— t.  Agnata> Conjunctiva — t Alba  oculi,
Sclerotic — t Albuginea, Albuginea — t Albugi-
nea oculi, Sclerotic — t. Allantoides, Allantois —
t Arachnodes, Arachnoid membrane—-X. Aranea,
Arachnoid membrane — t. Caduca, Decidua -^t
Candida oculi, Sclerotic — t. Carnosa, Panniculus
carnosus — t Conjunctiva, Conjunctiva — t. Cos-
talis,  Pleura—t. Crassa,  Decidua,—t Crystallina,
Arachnoid membrane — t  Dura oculi, Sclerotic
— t. Durior  et  crassa, Sclerotic — t Elytroides,
Vaginalis tunica — t Erythroides, Cremaster—t
Exterior ovi, Decidua — t Extima oculi, Sclero-
tic — t. Farciminalis, Allantois — t.  Filanientosa,
Decidua
  Tunica Granulo'sa.  An investment of the
ovum exterior to the zona pellucida, described by
Dr. Barry, but the existence of which, as a struc-
ture, distinct and independent from the membrana
granulosa, is denied.
  Tunica Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus__
t. Innominata oculi, Sclerotic — t. Interna oculi,
Retina.
   Tunica  Jaco'bi.   A  highly delicate  serous 
TUNICULA
S77
TUSSILAGO
membrane, interposed between the retina  and
the choroid coat,  discovered by Dr. Jacob, of
Dublin.  Its structure is curious, being composed
of cylindrical, transparent, highly refractive staff-
shaped bodies, and hence called Stratum bacilla'-
tum, which are arranged perpendicularly to the
surface of the retina, their outer extremities being
imbedded, to  a greater or less depth, in a layer of
the pigmentum nigrum.
   Tunica Mcscularis,  Dartos — t Nervorum,
Neurilemma—t. Perforata, Uvea — t  Praetensa
abdominis, Peritonasum— t Reticularis,  Retina
— t. Retiformis, Retina —t Rhagoides,  Choroi-
dea tunica, Uvea—t. Rubicunda scroti, Dartos—
t  Rubra, Dianthus caryophyllus—t Ruyschiana,
Bee Choroid — t. Subcostalis, Pleura — t.  Thora-
cis, Corset—t  Uvalis, Uvea —t Uvea, Uvea —
t  Uviformis,  Uvea — t Vaginalis, see Vaginal—
t  A'aginalia Linguae,  see  Tongue — t  Vaginalis
Propria, Vaginal coat  of the Testicle — t. Vagi-
nalis reflexa, Vaginal coat of the  Testicle — t
Vasculosa oculi, Choroid, see Eye.
   Tunica Vasculo'sa Testis, Pia mater teetie.
An extremely delicate  membrane, consisting of
minute  ramifications  of  the spermatic  vessels
united by  areolar  tissue,  which separates  the
lobules of the testis from each  other.   It  is  situ-
ate immediately within the tunica albuginea, and
encloses  the  substance of the gland.   It sends
processes inward that separate the lobules, in the
same manner as the pia mater is reflected between
 the convolutions of the brain.
   Tunica Vitrea, Hyaloid membrane.
   TUNICULA, Clitoris.
   TUN I QUE ALBUGINEE, Albuginea.
   TUNNYFISH, SALTED, Omotarichos.
   TUPHLO-ENTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis.
   TUP!I US, Typhus.
   TUPINARIA, Talpa.
   TURBA HvEMORRHOIDALIS, see Hasmor-
 rhois
   TURBATIONES  ANIMI, Affections  of the
 mind.
   T U R'B INATEDBONES, Oeea turbina'ta.
 Bones shaped like a top;  from turbo or  turben,
 'atop.' Osaaapongio'sa, Cornua, Concha na'rium,
 Tur'bines nasi seu na'rium, Conchyl'ia, Bucci'na,
 Lam'ina epongio'sa naai,  Ossa  tertia maxilla eu-
 perio'rie.   A'ery  thin,  bony plates,  rolled up in
 the form of horns, and situate in the nasal fossa.
 1. Oe epongio'eum eupe'riue or Cornet de Mor-
 gagni;—the  highest.   2. Os spongiosum me'dium,
 the  middle cornu of French anatomists, — the
 ethmoid'al cornu or Oe spongiosum euperiue, Oe
 turbinatum, of  English anatomists, Os convolu'-
 tum superius,  Concha,  C.  na'rium superius, C.
 Morgagnia'na,  (F.) Cornet Moyen.  This bone
 projects inwards and  downwards into the cavity
 of the nose, from the ethmoid cells at the  side of
 the nasal lamella, and serves to enlarge the organ
 of smell.   It is convex towards the septum, and
 concave  outwards.  3. Os  spongiosum  vel turbi-
 natum inferius,  Concha inferior, Convolu'turn in-
 ferius os,  Os sous-ethmo'idal, (Ch.), projects at the
 under part of the side of the nose,  is convex to-
 wards the septum, and concave outwards.  It is
 connected  to the os maxillare, os palati, and os
 unguis.  4. Spheno'id'al cornu.
   All the turbinated bones extend  the olfactory
 surface.
   TURBINES NASI sed NARIUM, Turbinated
 bones.
   TURBITH  BLANC, Globularia  alypum —t.
Mineral, Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus—t Montpel-
lier, Globularia alypum — t. Plant, Convolvulus
turpethum.
   TURBO CEREBRI, Pineal gland.
  TURGENTIA, Turgescence.
  T U R G E S'C E N C E, Turges'cency, Turgid'ity,
Tur'gidness, Turgescen'tia, Turgen'tia, Orgas'mus,
from turgescere, 'to swell.'   Superabundance  of
humours in a part   The term  Turgescence  of
Bile was formerly used to denote the passage of
that fluid into the stomach, and its discharge  by
vomiting.  A vital action of turgescence or ex-
pansibility— Turgor vita'lis—has been presumed
to exist in  certain organs, as in the  capillaries;
but  the  generality of physiologists do  not ad-
mit it.
  TURGESCENTIA, Turgescence.
  Turgescen'tia Vesic'ula Fell'ea, Asci'tes
Hep'ato-cys'ticua, Phyaco'nia bilio'sa, HepataVgia
Petitia'na,  Cyetoce'le  bilio'ea, Hydrocholecye'tie,
Hydrope veei'ca fell'ea, (F.) Hydropiaie  de la
 Vieicnle du Fiel,  Distension de la Visicule  du
Fiel, Cholicyetiectaeie.  Distension of the  gall-
bladder by  bile.
  TURGIDITY, Turgescence.
  TURGIDNESS, Turgescence.
  TURGOR ArITALIS, see  Turgescence.
  TURMERIC, Curcuma longa, Sanguinaria
Canadensis.
  TURN OF LIFE, see Menses.
  TURNING,  Vereio, V. fcetus, from (F.)  tour-
Tier, 'to turn.'   (F.)  Vereion.  The operation of
bringing down the feet, or some part of the lower
extremity,  when the presentation of the child is
such that it cannot be delivered by the natural
efforts.
  TURNIP,  Brassica rapa — t. Dragon,  Arum
triphyllum  — t.  Indian,  Arum triphyllum — t
Pepper, Arum triphyllum.
  TURNS, Menses.
  TURPENTINE, Terebinthina — t. Bordeaux,
see  Pinus  sylvestris — t Briancon,  see  Pinus
cembra — t Chio, see Pistacia terebinthus — t
Common,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t. Common,
American,  see Pinus  sylvestris — t. Cyprus,  see
Pistacia terebinthus — t Damarra, see  Pinus
damarra—t. Dombeya, see Dombeya excelsa—t
Horse,  see Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Strasburg,  see
Pinus picea — t Tree, Pistacia terebinthus — t
Arenice,  see Pinus  larix —  t.  ATenice,  true,  see
Pistacia terebinthus — t AVhite, see Pinus syl-
vestris.
  TURPETHUM, Convolvulus  turpethum —t
Minerale, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t.  Nigrum,
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
  TURQUOISE.  This stone has been  long im-
agined  to  change its colour,  according as the
wearer is at the time  in  good or bad health : —
a superstitious notion.
  TURTLE BLOOM, Chelone glabra—t. Green,
Chelonia mydas — t. Head, Chelone glabra.
  TURUNDA, Tent.
  TURUNDULA, Tent.
  TUSSACA RETICULATA,  Goodvera pubes-

  TUSSEDO, Tussis.
  TUSSICULA, Tussis.
  TUSSIC'ULAR, Tussicula'ria,  Tueaiculo'eus,
from tusaie, ' a cough.'  Relating  to a cough, or
to a slight  cough.
  TUSSICULOSUS,  Tussicular.
  TUSSILA'GO, T. Far'fara seu vulga'ris, Be'-
chium, Be'chion, Cal'ceum equi'num, Chamateu'ce,
 Chamagei'ron, Fi'lius ante  patrem,  Farfarel'la,
 Galliomarchua, Farfara, Farfara  Be'chium, Un'-
gula caballi'na, Coltefoot, (F.) Pas d'dne. Family,
Corymbiferas.   Sex. Syat. Syngenesia Polygamia
Superflua.  It is demulcent  and expectorant, and
has been used in coughs, and  pulmonary  affec-
tions in general, and in some cutaneous diseases.
  Tussilago  Farfara, Tussilago — t Hybrida,
 T. pelasites. 
TUSSIS
S78
TYMPANUM
  Tussilago Petasi'tes, T. hy'brida seu  Pe-
tasites  hermaphrodt'ta,  Butterbur, Pestilent-wort,
Petasitea,  Petasites  major seu ru&eiie seu offici-
na'lis seu hy'bridus seu vulga'ria.  The roots of
this plant have  been recommended  as aperient
and alexipharmic. — They have a strong smell;
and a bitterish, acrid taste, of the aromatic kind,
but not agreeable.
  Tussilago  Petasites Hermaphrodita, T.
petasites — t. A-'ulgaris, Tussilago.
  TUSSIS —  diminutive,  Tuaaic'ula ;  Cough,
Coughing, Begma, Bex,  Tueee'do, Bexie,  Tussis
nervo'ea, Catar'rhus, Pneusis Tussis, (F.) Toux.
Violent,  sonorous,  frequent,  and short  expira-
tions,  by means of which  the air,  in  passing
rapidly through the bronchia and trachea, car-
ries along with it the mucus of the  parts, which
forms  the sputa.  The  cough is  said to be dry,
when  unaccompanied  by expectoration.   It is
symptomatic of  many diseases.  See Bronchitis.
  Tussis  Amphemerina, Pertussis — t Asinina,
Pertussis—t Bronchica,  Cough, tubal, see Bron-
chitis—t  Canina, Pertussis—t Catarrhalis Sim-
plex, Catarrh — t. Clamosa, Pertussis — t. Clan-
gosa,  Pertussis — t Convulsiva, Pertussis — t
Delassans, Pertussis — t. Ferina, Pertussis — t.
Pueros strangulans, Pertussis — t Quinta,  Per-
tussis— t Senilis, Bronchitis (chronic)—t  Spas-
modica,  Pertussis — t Stomachalis,  Pertussis —
t Suffocans,  Pertussis — t Suffocative, Pertussis
—t Tussiculosa, Pertussis.
  TUSSIVE;  Tussi'vus; from tussis,  'cough.'
Belonging or relating to cough:—as tussive vibra-
tion ; the vibration  of the parietes of the chest,
caused by coughing.
  TUTAM'INA, pi. of  Tuta'men, 'a defence,' 'a
protection,'  from tutare, 'to defend.'  Parts are
so called which  defend or protect each other.
  Tutamina Cer'ebri are the scalp, pericranium,
bones  of the  skull, and the meninges.
  Tutamina Oc'uli are the eyebrows,  eyelids,
and lachrymal apparatus.
  TUTENAG, Zincum.
  TUTHIA, Tutia.
  TU'TIA,  Pom'pholyx,  Cadmi'a,  Alfasa, Me-
sera, Capni'tie, Tuthia, Ox'ydum, zinci impu'rum.
The oxyd of zinc that attaches itself to the chim-
neys of furnaces in which ores of zinc are smelted.
It is  in  the  form of gray incrustations;  and is
sometimes used for making an eye-salve.   It is
prepared, for this purpose, by levigation.
  TAVIN, Gemellus.
  TAVINKLING OF THE EYE, Nictation.
  TWINLEAF, COMMON, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
  TWINROOT, Orchis.
  TWINS,  SIAMESE.   Two brothers,  Chang
and Eng, connected by  means of a  ligamentous
band passing from the epigastrium of one to that
of the other, who were exhibited in various parts of
Europe and America, about the year 1830.  They
are now [1851] living in North Carolina: both are
married, and have children.  See Xiphopages.
  TWITCHING, Tic.
  TYCH'ICA, from ru^ri, 'accident' .Fortuitous
lesions or deformities.  The 7th  class of Good's
 Nosology.
   TYLE, Callosity.
   TYLOMA, Callosity.
   TYLOSIS, Callosity.
   TYLUS, Callosity.
   TYMMA,  Wound.
   TYMPAN, Tympanum.
   TYMPANAL, Tympanic.
   TYMPANIA, Tympanites.
   TYMPANIAS, Tympanites.
   TYM'PANIC, Tympan'icus, Tym'panal; same
 etymon  as tympanum.  Relating to the tympa-
 num,  ae ' tympanic canal.'
  Tympanic Nerve, see Petrous ganglion.
  TYM PANITA, Tympanites.
  TYMPAN ITE, Tympanites.
  TYMPANI'TES, Emphyse'ma Abdom'inis, Hy-
drops Tympanites, Affec'tio tyinpanit'ica, Ectym-
pano'eie, Pnenmato'sis Abdom'inis, Hydrops ab-
dominis aereus, Airo'sis, Aero-enterecta'sia, Phy-
socce'lia, Tympano'sis,  Physe'ma, Physe'sis, Hy-
drops siccus etflatulentus, Tympa'nia, Tympa'nias,
Tympani'ta, Tympani'tis, Emphyse'ma  Tympa-
nites, E.  Tympanit'icum,  Metereorismus,  Tym'-
pany,  Me'teorism,  Wind  dropsy, (F.) Tympa-
nite, Pneumatose piritoniale, Ballonnement, from
rvfiiravov, ' a drum;' so called  because the abdo-
men is  distended with wind, and sounds  like a
drum when  struck.  A swelling of the abdomen,
caused  by accumulation  of air in the  intestinal
tube or in the  peritoneum.  Tympanites may be
idiopathic or symptomatic.  The former depends
upon exhalation  of air from the inner surface of
the intestine, or from the decomposition of sub-
stances contained in it;  the  latter is the result
of  some  organic affection,  and often  depends
upon obliteration of the  digestive tube,  which
prevents the gas from escaping.  Idiopathic tym-
panites may be more readily cured.  The sympto-
matic  is usually fatal.   On  dissection in such
cases, the stomach and intestines are found enor-
mously distended; with  strangulation  or disor-
ganization of  some part of  the mucous mem-
brane  of  the  intestine.   Carminatives may be
proper when tympanites  depends upon atony of
the digestive organs :  but, in  cases of the symp-
tomatic kind, they cannot be productive  of ad-
vantage, and may do harm.
  Sometimes the air is contained in the cavity
of the peritoneum—constituting Tympani'tes ab-
dominal lis, Airopiritonie,  of some:—the accumu-
lation in the intestines being  called  Tympani'tea
inteetina'lie.
  Tympanites, Uterine, Physometra.
  TYMPANI'TIS, Inflamma'tio tym'pani; from
rvptiravov, ' a drum,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the  lining membrane of
the middle ear,  Also, tympanites.
  TYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
  TA'M'PANUM, rvuiravov, ' a drum.' The Drum
or  barrel of the  ear.  The  names Cavity of the
 Tympanum  or Cavity of the Drum, Cav'itae Tym'-
pani, Antrum  seu cavitae antro'ea Auris, Cavum
 Tym'pani, (F.) Tympan, Caviti du tympon, Caisse
du  tambow---have been  given  to a cavity of an
irregular shape, which constitutes the middle ear,
and has been compared to a drum.   It is  situate
in the pars petrosa of the  temporal bone, between
the meatus auditorius externus and the labyrinth.
This cavity is lined by a mucous membrane; and
communicates, externally, by means of the Eu-
stachian tube, which is situate between it and the
pharynx.  The tympanum  has six  parietes.   1.
An external, which is almost entirely formed of
the  Membrane  of the Drum,  Membrana tympani,
Diajihrag'ma  auris, Mediasti'num seu Tegumen'-
tum auris, Myrin'ga, Myrinx, (F.) Membrane  du
tympan — a species of thin, transparent, circular
septum;  convex within, and concave without,
which  closes  the inner extremity of the meatus
 auditorius.  2. An internal, on which are the Fe-
 nes'tra ova'lis, Prom'ontory, and Fora'men rotnn'-
 dum.   3.  A superior.  4. An inferior, on which is
 the glenoid fissure.  5. A posterior, on which are
 the opening of the mastoid cells, and  the pyra-
 mid.  6.  An anterior, on which  are the Proces'-
 sus  cochleaform'is and the inner orifice of the
 Eustachian tube.   The cavity of the tympanum
 is crossed by a series of four small bones, articu-
I lated with  each  other by diarthrosis,  moved by 
TYMPANY
879
TYPHUS
oertain muscles, and representing a kind of bent
lever extending from the membrana tympani to
the fenestra ovalis.   They are called the Bones or
Ossicles of the  Ear, and are the malleus, incus,
os orbiculare, and stapes.
  For the nervous plexus of the tympanum, see
Petrosal Ganglion, and  Otic Ganglion.
  Tympanum Minus, see Fenestra —t. Secunda-
rium, see Fenestra.
  TYMPANY, Tympanites —t of the Womb,
Physometra.
  TYPE, Typue, Periodus morbi,  from rvtros, 'a
stamp,' itself from rvirrta, ' I strike.'   The type is
the order in which the symptoms of a disease ex-
hibit themselves, and  succeed  each other.  It
may be continued, intermittent,  or remittent.
   TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA has the same pro-
ties as
   Typha Aromatica, Acorus calamus.
   Typha Latifolia, Cattail, Reed  mace,  (F.)
Massette, Maese d'Eau, (ntpos, 'a marsh,' [?]).  A
plant common in  marshes  and ponds, in this
country  and  in Europe.   Family,  Typhaceas.
Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia triandria,  Its  roots  have
been used  in dysentery and blennerhagia.  The
young shoots,  before they reach  the surface of
the water,  taste like asparagus, when boiled.
   The down, (F.) Aigrette,  Poils, which accom-
panies the flowers, has been applied to burns like
cotton.          •
   TYPHICUS, Typhoid.
   TYPHIQUE, Typhoid.
   TYPHLITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis.
   TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS, Tuphlo-enteritie, Ty-
 phli'tie,  Typhloteri'tis, Inflamma'tio Cari, Phi eg'-
 monous Tumour of  the Cacum, (F.) Inflammation
 du Cacum, from  rvtpXos, cacus, and enteritis, 'in-
 flammation of  the intestines.'   Inflammation  of
 the cascum,  occasionally leading  to perforative
 ulceration.
   TYPHLOENTERUM, Caecum.
   TYPHLOPS, Cascus.
   TY1TILOSIS, Cascitas.
   TYPIILOTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis.
   TYPIILOTERON MONOCOLON, Caecum.
   TYPHLOTERUM, Caecum.
   TYPHLOTES, Cascitas.
   TYPHODES, Typhoid.
   TYPHOMMIE ENTERIQUE, see Typhus.
   TYPHOILEMIA, see Putrefaction.
   TYPHOID,  Typho'ides,  Typho'des, Ty'phicus,
 Typho'sus, Lac'tica, (F.) Typhique, Typho'ide,
 Typhode.  Appertaining to  or resembling  ty-
 phus ; as Typhoid Fever. Also, according to some,
 Typhous Fever,  typhus.  Fuchs  has employed
 the word  Typho'ide for a family  of  diseases, to
 distinguish them from phlogosee;  of  this family,
 Stomacace, Pharyngocace,  and Pneumoeace  are
 examples.
   Typhoid Affection, see Typhus — t Fever of
 India, Cholera.
   TYPHOMA'NIA,  from  rv<pos,  'stupor,' and
pavia, ' delirium.'  Delirium with  etupor, Subde-
 Hr'ium.   The kind  of delirium  common  in
 typhus.
   Typhomania, Coma vigil,  Insomnia.
   TYPHONIA, Coma vigil.
   TYPHOSEPSES, Typhoseptoses.
   TYPHOSEPTO'SES, Typhoeep'ses. from rvtpos,
 'stupor,' and an^n, 'putrefaction.'  Typhous  af-
fections.
   TYPHOSUS, Typhoid.
   TYPHOUS, Typho'sus; same etymon as Ty-
phus.   Belonging or relating to typhus.
   Typhous Depos'it.   A peculiar  substance of
new formation  found in the areolar membrane,
between the mucous and muscular coats of the
patthes of Peyer in typhoid fever.
  Typhous Fever, see Typhoid.
  TY'PHUS, Semipee'tie, Tuphue, Febria Typho'-
dee, Febrie aethen'ica seu adynam'ica, Asthenop'-
yra,  (F.)  Fievre  adynamique,  F.  ataxique, F.
adynamiqtte ataxique,  Typhue d'Europe,  from
rvtpos, ' stupor.'  A fever characterized by small,
weak,  and unequal, but usually frequent pulse,
with great prostration of strength, and much ce-
rebral  disturbance;  its  duration  being  usually
from a fortnight to three weeks or longer.  It is
continued fever, accompanied with great cerebral
irritation and prostration.  (See Fever.)  By most
writers, this disease has been  divided into two
varieties—the  Typhue mitior and Typhus gravior.
Typhus  Mit"ior,  T.  eimplex, T.  nervo'eus,  T.
comato'eue, Fe'brie lenta nervoea, Blechrop'yrue,
F. pu'trida nervoea, F. hec'tica  malig'na nervoea,
Nervoua Fever, Neurop'yra, Neuropyr'etue,  (F.)
Fievre nerveuee, is characterized by slight shiver-
ings, heavy, vertiginous  headaeh;  great  oppres-
sion,  peculiar  expression  of  anxiety, nausea,
sighing, despondency, and coma  or  quiet deli-
rium.  Typhus Gra'vior, Typhue  car'cerum,  T.
caetren'aie, T.  unlhropophthor'acua,  True Typhus,
Exanthemot'ic  typhus, Nervous fever with exan-
them'atoue  erup'tion,  Conta'gioue  typhue, Febris
nervo'ea  epidem'ica, F. nervo'ea exanthemat'ica,
F. nialig'na cum sopo're, F. nervo'ea petechia'lie,
F. peatilentia'lie  Euro'pa, Typhue contagio'eue
exanthemat' icus,  T. noetroe, T. Europa' us,  T.
commu'nia,  T.  bel'licns,  T. exanthemat'icus,  T,
Hiber'nicna, Pestia bel'lica, Febrie pea'tilene ma-
lig'na, Febris nau'tica peatilentia'li8, Febrie pete-
chia'lie,  Typhus  petechia'lis,  Porphyra-typhus,
Puliculo'ris morbus, Febris jiuncticula'ris, F. Sa-
prop'yra, F. car'cerum et nosocomio'rum, F. Pu-
trida, F. con'tinens pu'trida, F. contin'ua pu'trida,
Septop'yra,  Putrid Ferer, Jail Fever, Hospital
Ferer, Ship Fever,  (F.) Fievre des  Camps,  F.
nautique,  F. d'Hopital,  F. nosocomiale, F.  des
Prisons, F. lenticiilaire, Typhue contagieux, is at-
tended with rigors and  heat,  alternating; little
or no perspiration; pulse, tense  and hard, usually
quick, but fluttering;  pain  over the forehead and
vertex ; a ' mulberry rash,'  appearing on the fifth
to .the seventh day of the disease, and lasting till
the end; delirium, succeeded by stupor, signs  of
incipient putrescency.—as  true  petechias, vibices,
hemorrhages,  Ac.   Typhus, under particular cir-
cumstances, seems to be communicable by conta-
gion ;"  but if proper attention be paid to  cleanli-
ness and ventilation, there is not much danger of
communication.  The general principles of treat-
ment,  laid  down  under  the head  of Fever,  are
applicable  here.   All the varieties of continued
fever resemble each other in the cardinal points,
although they may differ in many of. their  cha-
racters.  A'entilation  and  cleanliness; warm  or
cold ablution  or  sponging; keeping the bowels
free;  and attending to symptoms  as  they  may
rise, with the  avoiding of all irritation of every
kind, are the main indications.  AA'hen symptoms
of great prostration  occur, the  strength must be
supported by wine; and tonics be exhibited, with
the mineral acids.  Of the tonics, the sulphate
of quinia is perhaps as good as any, whilst it is
free from  the  objection which applies to most
others,—of being too bulky.  In the whole man-
agement of this affection, however,  the physician
has to discriminate carefully between oppression
and prostration.   The former may require  eva-
euants; the latter cannot.
   Of late, certain observers have endeavoured to
show, that there is an essential difference between
typhoid fever and typhus ;  that the former is  en
abdominal affection, and  dependent upon, or ?on- 
TYPIC
880
ULCEROUS
nected with, an  inflamed  or ulcerated condition
of the mucous follicles  of the intestines; hence
it has received the names  Fievre miaentirique, F.
typho'ide, Maladie ou Affection typho'ide, F. cntiro-
misentirique, Entirite typho-himique, Typhoimie
entirique, Entiro-misenterite typho'ide, Exantheme
intestinale, Dothinenteric, Dothinentirite, Ac, Ileo-
diclidite, EnUrite folliculeuse, Gastro-entirite with
nervous affection of the brain, Follicular gastro-
enteritis, F. enteritis, Enteri'tis folliculo'so,  Ty-
phus abdomina'lie, T.intestina'lis, T. Sporad'icus,
Enterotyphus,  T. gangliona'ris abdomina'Us,  Fe-
bris inteatina'lia ulcero'sa, F.  nervo'ea gawtrica,
F. nervo'ea enter'ica, F. enter'ica, F. nervo'sa  me-
eenter'ica, Enterhelio'sis nervo'sa, Typhus enter'-
icus,  Ileop'yra,  Ileotyphus,  Typhoid affection,
Enteric fever.   Accompanying this form  of fever
there is generally a typhoid eruption, consisting
of rose-red papulae, (see Spots, red,) which appear
mostly on the abdomen.   They are distinct from
true petechias, as they can be removed  by pres-
sure ;  and distinct also from sudamina, which are
perhaps the universal accompaniments of sweat-
ing, and are consequently a variety  of miliaria,
The common continued  fever or  synochus of
Great Britain, and of this country, has been pre-
sumed by some to be this variety:  but farther
observations are needed to establish the  distinc-
tions  which have been  attempted; and  there is
reason to believe, that the abdominal affection is
a complication, existing in certain cases  and  epi-
demics of adynamic fever, and not in others.   The
Red Tongue Fever of Kentucky is considered by
Professor Bartlett to be typhoid fever.
   Certain modern French writers have considered
the Typhus of the European continent, Typhus
of Europe, Peste d'Europe, pestilential fever, con-
tagious typhus,  Hungary fever,  Hospital fever,
camp fever, jail fever, lenticular  petechial fever,
Ac, to be identical with the typhoid affection.
They admit but one fever on the European con-
tinent — the typhoid.  Typhus, they maintain —
but by no means  establish  the position — to be
peculiar to England.
   Typhus Abdominalis,  see Typhus—t. d'Ami-
  UBERIS APEX, Papilla.
  ULA, Gingivas.
  ULATROPH'IA, from ovXov, 'the gum,' and
atrophia, atrophy.   Shrinking of the gums ; fall-
ing away of the gums.
  ULCER, Ulcus, (diminutive Ulcus'culum,) Hel-
C08, Elco'eis, Elco'ma, Helcue, Helco'ma, a Sore,
(F.) Ulcere.  A solution of continuity in the soft
parts, of longer or shorter standing, and kept up
by  some local disease  or constitutional cause.
Richerand  makes four great distinctions between
a wound and an ulcer.  1.  A wound arises  from
the action of an extraneous body :—the cause of
<in ulcer is inherent in the economy.  2.  A wound
is always idiopathic: — an ulcer is always symp-
tomatic.  3. A wound has essentially a tendency
to heal, because the action of its cause has been
momentary: — an  ulcer, on the contrary,  has a
tendency to  enlarge, because its cause  persists.
4. The treatment of a wound is purely  surgical;
that of an  ulcer is medical as well.  The imme-
diate cause of an ulcer is an augmented action of
the absorbents ; and a specific action of the small
vessels, which secrete pus from the blood. Ulcers
have been variously  divided, according to  their
nature; —  into aimple, sinuous, fistulous, fungous,
rigue, Fever, yellow—t, Anthracicus, Plague—t.
Ahthropophthoracus,  Typhus —t. Aphthoidcus,
Aphthas — t. Bellicus, Typhus — t, Bengalensis,
Cholera —t Bubonicus, Plague — t Carcerum,
Typhus gravior—t, Castrensis, Typhus gravior—
t. Comatosus, Typhus mitior —t Communis, Ty-
phus — t. Contogieux, Typhus — t.  Contagious,
Typhus—t  Contagiosus exanthematicus, Typhus
—t. d'Europe, Typhus—t, of Europe, see Typhus
— t Exanthematicus, Typhus —t. Ganglionaris
abdominalis, see Typhus—t Gravissiinus, Plague
—t Hibernicus, T. gravior — t Icterodes, Fever,
yellow — t. Jaune,  Fever, yellow—t Intestinalis,
see  Typhus — t. Miasmatique  ataxique putride
jaune, Fever, yellow—t. Morbillosus, Rubeola—
t Nervosus, Typhus mitior — t. Nostras, Typhus
—t. d'Orient, Plague—t. Pestilentialis,  Plague—
t Pestis, Plague—t Petechialis, Typhus gravior
— t. Puerpiral, see Peritonitis — t  Scarlatinus,
Scarlatina—t. Simplex, Typhus mitior—t. Spora-
dicus, see Typhus—t Tropicus, Fever, yellow—
t True, Typhus—t Vesicularis,  Pemphigus.
  TYP'IC,  Typ'ical, Typ'icum,  (F.)  Typique.
Same etymon  as  Type.  Characterized by peri-
odicity,—as a  'typical fever;' or  one which ob-
serves a particular type.
  TYPOSES, see Periodicity.
  TYPUS, Type.
  TYRANNUS, see Critical days.
  TYRBASIA, Agitation.
  TYRBE,  Agitation.
  TYREM'ESIS,  Tyrotem'eeie,  from  rvpos,
' cheese,'  and  exeats,  ' vomiting;' Tyro'sis,  Ty-
reu'eis.   Vomiting of curdy  matter, in infants
especially.
  TYREUSIS, Tyremesis, Tyrosis.
  TA'RIA, Porrigo decalvans.
  TARIASIS,  Elephantiasis Arabica.
  TYRODES,  Cheesy.
  TYROMA, Porrigo decalvans.
  TYROS,  Cheese.
  TYROSIS, Tyremesis.  Also, the  curdling of
milk in the  stomach; Tyreu'eis.
  TYROTEMESIS, Tyremesis.
gangrenous, scorbutic, syphilitic, cancerous, inve-
terate, scrofulous, phagedenic, virulent, cacoethic,
sordid,  carious, varicose,  Ac.   The  treatment
consists in removing, by appropriate  means, the
internal and the local causes  which keep up the
ulceration, and in exciting the  vessels of the part,
where necessary, by appropriate bandaging, Ac.
  Ulcer, Malignant, Hospital  gangrene — u.
Putrid, Hospital gangrene.
  ULCERA INTESTINALIA, Gastrelcosis—u.
Laryngis, Phthisis  laryngea — u. Serpentia oris,
Aphthas—u. Uteri,  see Metrophthisis—u. Ventri-
culi, Gastrelcosis—u. Vesicae,  Cystophthisis.
  UL'CERATED,  Ulcera'tus, Exnlcera'tus, Hel-
co'des, (F.)  Ulciri.  In  the  state  of an ulcer.
Affected  with  ulcers.
  ULCERATIO  INTESTINALIS, Enterelcosis
—u. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis.
  ULCERATION, Ulcera'tio, Exulceratio, Pyo-
gen'ia corroei'va.  A superficial ulcer.  The form-
ation of  an ulcer—Exelco'eie, Elco'eie, and Hel-
co'eie.
   UL CERE,  Ulcer — u. du Larynx, Phthisis la-
ryngea.
  UL'CEROUS, Ulcero'eue, Helco'des, Helcoides.
u. 
ULCERS
881
UMBILICUS
na-ving the character of an ulcer.  Affected with
ulcers.
  ULCERS, EGYPTIAN, JEgyptia ulcera.
  ULCUS, Ulcer—u. Atonicum, Rupia—u. Ca-
coethes, see Cacoethes — u. Cancrosum,  Cancer,
Chancre — u. Dacryodes, see Dacryodes—u. De-
pascens, Phagedenic ulcer—u. Ferinum, Phage-
denic ulcer—u. Fistulosum, Hypophora — u. Hy-
pulum, see Hypulus — u. Narium fastens, Ozasna
—u. Obambulans, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Pulmo-
num, Phthisis pulmonalis — u. Sinuosuin, Hypo-
phora—u. Syriacum,  Cynanche maligna—u. Te-
lephium, Telephium—u.  Tuberculosum, Lupus—
u. Uteri, Hysterelcosis, Leucorrhoea.
  ULCUSCULA PRAEPUTII, Herpes prasputii.
  ULCUSCULUM,  Ulcer —u.  Cancrosum,
Chancre.
   ULE, Cicatrix.
   ULETICUS,  Gingivalis.
   ULICUS, Gingivalis.
   ULI'TIS, from ovXos, 'solid,' (eapl  ovXri, 'solid
flesh:') hence,  ovXov, 'the gum.'  Infiamma'tio
gingi'va, Periodontitis gingiva'rum,  (F.) Gengi-
vite, Inflammation des gentfives, from  ovXov, ' the
gum,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of the gums.
   Ulitis Septica, Cancer aquaticus.
   ULLUCO, Tropasolum tuberosum.
   ULMAIRE, Spirasa ulmaria.
   ULMARIA,  Spiraea  ulmaria — u. Palustris,
 Spirasa ulmaria.
   ULMUS, U.  campes'tris seu glabra seu ttioji-
 ta'ua  seu  nucl'a seu 8ati'va seu acabra, Ptelca,
 Common Elm,  (F.) Orme.  Family, Amentaeeie.
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.  The inner, rough
 bark of this tree is inodorous; and has  a  bitter,
 austere, and mucilaginous taste.  It is considered
 tonic, alterative, and  diuretic ; and has been used,
 chiefly, in lepra and  other cutaneous  affections.
   Ulmus Ala'ta, Lynn  Wahoo.  The  bark of
 the root  has  been used successfully as a cata-
 plasm in phlegmonous inflammation.
   Ulmus America'na,   U. fulva,  Rough-leaved
 Elm, Red Elm, Slippery Elm.  The inner bark is
 highly mucilaginous, and is used in coughs, diar-
 rhasas, and dysenteries; also,  as a  poultice for
 tumours; lacerated and  contused wounds. Ac.
   Ulmus Campestris, Ulmus—u. Fulva, U. Ame-
 ricana—u. Glabra, Ulmus—u. Montana, Ulmus—
 u. Nuda,  Ulmus — u. Sativa, Ulmus—u. Scabra,
 Ulmus.
   ULNA, O'lene,  Foe"He  inferius  seu  majus,
 Canna  Bra'chii, Oa eu'biti inferiua,  Os  procubi-
 ta'le,  Cu'bitue,  Cubit,  A run'do bra'chii  major.
 Anatomists have given this name to  the bone of
 the forearm which forms  the prominence of the
 elbow,  during the flexion of that joint.  It is the
 longer  and larger of the two bones, and is in-
 serted  at the inner  side.   Its upper  and larger
 extremity has,  behind,  a  considerable  process,
 called  olecranon; and,  before, a smaller one,
 called coronoid.  These  two eminences are sepa-
 rated from  each other by the  greater sigmoid or
 semilunar fossa or olee'ranoid  cavity, which re-
 ceives  the  articular trochlea  of the humerus.
 The  tubercle  of the  ulna is a small,  rough spot,
 under the root of the coronoid process, for the
 insertion of the Brachialis internus.   On the out-
 side of this extremity of the bone is the leaaer
 sigmoid cavity.  It is articulated with the head
 of  the radius.   The inferior extremity  of the
 cubitus, which  is much smaller than the  supe-
rior, and articulated with the radius, has  a sur-
face that corresponds to the fibro-cartilage which
separates it from the os cuneiforme; and a pointed
process, called styloid.   The body of the ulna is
manifestly triangular.   It is articulated with the
oa  humeri aud radius, and, mediately, with the
       66
os cuneiforme.   It is developed by three  points
of ossification.
   Also, the elbow.
   ULNAD, see Ulnar aspect
   ULNAR, Cubital.
   Ulnar Aspect.  An aspect towards the side
on which the ulna is situated.—Barclay.   Ulnad
is used adverbially by the same writer, to signify
' towards the ulnar aspect.'
   ULNARIS, Cubital—u. Externus, see  Cubital
muscles—u. Gracilis, Palmaris  longus—u. Inter-
nus, see  Cubital muscles.
   ULOCACE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomacace.
   ULON'CUS, from ovXov, 'the gum,' and oyxos,
'tumour.'  Swelling of the gums ;  epulis.
   ULORRHAG"IA,  Stomatorrhag"ia, Hamor-
rhag" ia  gingivarum, Ulorrhce'a, from oiXov, 'the
gum,' and pnyvvfit,  ' I break  forth.'  Bleeding
from the gums.
   ULOKRHCEA, Ulorrhagia.
   ULOTICA, Cieatrisantia.
   UL'TIMI-STERNAL.  Professor B&'clard has
 given this appellation to the sixth or last bony
portion of the sternum.  He calls it also Ensi-
 eternal.
   UL'TIMUM  MO'RIENS,  'last dying.'   A
 term given to the part of the economy which dies
 last.
   ULVA CRTSPA,  Fucus crispus.
   UM15IL,  YELLOW, Cypripedium luteum.
   UMBILIC. Umbilical,'Umbilicus.
   UMBILTCAL,  Um'bilic, Umbilica'Us, Umblli-
 ca'ttie, from umbilicus,  'the navel.'  That which
 belongs  or relates to the navel.
   Umbilical Arteries, which exist  only in the
 foetus, seem, as  it  were, continuations of the pri-
 mitive iliac-s.  They clear the umbilical ring, and
 proceed to the placenta, to which  they carry the
 residuum of  the blood  sent to the foetus by the
 umbilical vein.  As  soon as respiration is esta-
 blished, the blood ceases to pass by the umbilical
 arteries, which become obliterated, as well as the
 vein, and are transformed  into two very strong
 ligamentous  cords, — the vein  forming the Liga-
 meu'tnm rotun'dnm of the liver.
   Umbilical Cord,  Funiculus umbilicalis.
   Umbilical Region, Re'gio umbilica'Us, Meso-
 gas'trium Re'gio gaa'trica  seu  Mesogastriea,  (F.)
 Iligion ombiUcale, is the middle region of the ab-
 domen, in which  the  umbilicus is placed.   The
 sides  of this  are called the  flanks or lumbar re-
 gions.   In the umbilical region are the omentum
 majus;  the inferior extremity of the duodenum;
 the jejunum ; and the greater part of the mesen-
 tery;  the aorta;  vena cava;  the trunks  of the
 renal arteries and veins; the origin of the sper-
 matic arteries, Ac.
   Umbilical Ring,  An'nulus umbilica'lia,  (F.)
[ Anneau ombilical, is  a fibrous ring which  sur-
 rounds the aperture of the umbilicus, and through
 which umbilical hernia occurs in children.
   Umbilical A'esicle, Vesicula umbilicalis.
   Umbilical A^essels,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  ombili-
 cou.r, include the  two arteries,  and umbilical
 vein.   The umbilical  vein arises  from the  pla-
 centa, and terminates  at the fissure on the infe-
 rior surface of the liver of the foetus, to which it
 conveys the blood necessary for its nutrition.
   UMBILICALIS.  Umbilical.
   UMlilLICATUS, Umbilical.
   UMBILI'CUS, Umbo, Om'phatos, Umbili'cum,
 Radix  rentris, Mesomplia'lium,  Mesom'phalum,
 Protme'sis, (navel of a new-born child;) the «»i-
 6i7io, the narel; from umbo, 'the button or  pro-
 minence in the midst  of a buckler,' or from ip-
 tpaXos, of rather optpaXos, which signifies the same,
 as well as the ucxd;  (T.) Ombilic, Nombrii.  A 
UMBO
882
UNGUENTUM
round cicatrix, about the median line of the ab-
domen.   It  is in the situation of an  aperture,
which, in the fostus, affords passage  to the ves-
sels of the umbilical cord.
  Umbilicus Mari'nus, Cotyle'don marina, An-
dro'eace, Aeetab'ulum marinum, Andro'eace Mat-
thi'oli, Fungus petra'ue marinu8.  A submarine
production, found on the rocks and the shells of
fishes, in the south of France.  It is reputed to
be anthelmintic and diuretic.
  UMBO, Elbow, Umbilicus.
  UMBRELLA  TREE, Magnolia tripetala.
  UM S CH L AG, see Compress.
  UNBOWELING, Exenterismus.
  UNCARIA GAMBIR, Nauclea Gambir.
  UNCAS,  INDIAN, Veratrum viride.
  UNCIA, Ounce.
  UN'CIFORM,  Uncifor'mie,  Uncina'tue,  from
uncus, 'a hook,' and/orma, ' shape.'  That which
has the shape of a hook.
  Unciform Bone, Oe unciform'e, Oe hama'tum,
Oa uncina'tum, (F.) Oe crochu.  The fourth bone
of the  second row of the carpus. Its shape is
very irregular.   Inwards and forwards, it has a
considerable eminence, which  is curved upon
itself, and gives attachment to the annular liga-
ment of the carpus.  It is articulated with the
os semilunare, os  magnum, os cuneiforme, and
the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones.   It is de-
veloped from a single point of ossification.
  Unciform Eminence, Hippocampus minor.
  UNCINATUS, Unciform.
  UNCINUS, Hook. _
  UNCTION, Inunction, Unguentum, Unguen-
tum  hvdrargyri.
  UNCUS, Hook.
  UNDERCLIFF,  ISLE OF  WIGHT, ENG-
LAND, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The Undercliff com-
prehends a tract of country from  Dunnose to St.
Catherine's Hill, on the southeast coast,  about six
miles in length, and from a quarter to half a mile
in breadth.   It is well protected from the colder
winds ;  and the  climate  is remarkably equable,
as well  as mild  and dry, so that there are not
many days during the winter in which  the inva-
lid  cannot take some  exercise in the  open air.
It is an excellent  climate for the pulmonary va-
letudinarian.
  UNDIM'IA.  A name given,  by  Paracelsus,
to a  tumour, filled  with  a gelatinous matter, like
the white of an egg.  .
  UNDOSUS, Cymatodes.
  UNDULATIO, Fluctuation.
  UNEDO,  Arbutus unedo—u. Papyracea, Ar-
butus unedo.
  UNGUEAL MATRIX, see Nail.
  UNGUEN, Unguentum—u. Articulare,  Sy-
novia.
  UNGUENT, ARMATORY, Hoplochrysma.
  UNGUENTARIA, see Myristica moschata.
  UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myropoe'ue,  Myrep'eue,
Myropo'lee,  Myropo'lua, Pigmenta'riua; from un-
guen'tum, 'an ointment.'  One who makes and
sells ointments.  A perfumer.
  UNGUEN'TUM,  Unguen,   Myron,   Unction,
(F.) Onguent, from  ungere,  'to  anoint'  Oint-
ment   Ointments are  topical applications, of a
consistence  more  or less analogous to  that of
lard.  They  are used, chiefly,  as local applica-
tions to ulcers and wounds; but are sometimes
rubbed upon a part in cutaneous affections; and,
especially, where it  is  desired that the constitu-
ents of the ointment should be absorbed.   Oint-
ments are  of less consistence than cerates, al-
though the terms are often used indiscriminately.
   Unguen'tum Ac"idi Nitro'si,  Ointment of Ni-
trous Acid, Poimi'tum  vel Unguen'tum  Ni'tricum
vel Oxygena'tum, (¥.) Pommade oxyginie, Graisee
oxyginie, Pommade d'Alyon.  (Adip. euilla, rhj ;
acid, nitroe. Z,vj.   Melt the fat, and rub in  tho
acid gradually,  till  cold.  Ph. E.)  Stimulant.
Used  in itch and other cutaneous eruptions, and
in foul ulcers.
  Unguentum  Adipocera Cetorum,   Ceratum
cetacei—u. .Egyptiacuni, Linimentum asruginis—
u. ^Egyptium album,  Crinomyron — u. Album,
Unguentum cetacei — u. Album Resolvens, Lini-
mentum ammonias fortius.
  Unguentum de Althaa, Marsh mal'low Oint-
ment,  U. de  Terebin'thind  et cera, Cera'tum de
Althad, Emplas'trum mucilagino'eum,  E.  emol'-
liens,  E. cit'rinum, E. flavum, E. de Althad,  Un-
guentum flavum, U. Cit'rinum, U. reei'na )>ini eyl-
vee'trie compoa'itum seu reeumptirum seu lenit't'-
r»77i, (F.) Onguent de guimauve, 0. d'althio. (Olei
de mucilaginibue, 1000  p., cera fiava, 250  p.,  re-
aina terebiiithin., aa 125  p. Liquefy; strain  and
stir till cold.  Ph. P.)   Common Olive  Oil might
be substituted for the Oil of Mucilages.
  Unguentum Amygdalinum, Ceratum Galeni.
  Unguentum Antimo'nii,  U. A. Tartariza'ti, U.
A.  /'otaaaio-tar'trati8,  U. tar'tari emet'ici, Oint-
ment of tar'tarized an'timony.  (Antimon,  et po-
taaa. tarfrot,  in pulv. subtiliss. ^'ji adipia.  ?,].)
If a drachm of this ointment be rubbed  upon  any
part, night and  morning, it will excite, in a few
days,  a painful pustular  eruption.  Hence, it is
employed  as a counter-irritant.  This preparation
is also called Ung. Tar'tari etibia'ti seu emet'ici,
Ung.  e Tar'taro  etibia'to,  Adepa  Ten-tare stibii
medica'tU8, Ung. Tar'tratia Potaaa'a etibia'ti, (V.)
Pommade  d'Autenrieth, Pommade etibiie.
  Unguentum Antimonii  Potassio-Tartratis,
Unguentum antimonii—u.  Antimonii tartarizati,
U. antimonii — u. Antipernium, see Antipernius.
  Unguentum Aqua  Ros.i:, Ointment of Rose
water, Cold Cream.  (Aq. Rosa, f£j ; ol. amygdal,
f^iy,  cetacei, §ss; cera alba, £j.  Melt together,
in a water-bath,  the oil, spermaceti, and wax;
then add the rose-water, and stir until  it is cold.
Ph. U. S.)  Cooling to irritated surfaces.
  Unguentum  Armarium, Hoplochrysma — u.
Arthanitas, see Arthanita—u. Articulare, Synovia
—u. Basilicon flavum,  Ceratum resinas—u. Basi-
licon nigrum, Unguentum resinae  nigrae — u. Ba-
silicum viride, Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri.
  Unguentum  Belladon'na,  Ointment of Bel-
ladonna.   (Ext, belladonna 3J >  adipis Sj ;  M.
Ph. U. S.)  An anodyne application to irritable
ulcers, &e.
  Unguentum Cantharidis, Unguentum lyttae.
   Unguen'tum Cera (alba vel fiava), Wax Oint-
ment,  Unguentum simplex, (Ph.  U. S.)  Linimen'-
tum simplex,  Oil and Bees'  Wax, (F.) Onguent de
cire.  (Cera  Ibj, adipia tbiv, Ph.  U. S. or — cera
:§ij, ol. oliv. %v.)  Emollient.   A mild dressing.
Also,  the  basis of most  of the  compound oint-
ments.
   Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum Galeni — u.
Cerussas,  Unguentum  oxidi plumbi albi,  Ungu-
entum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u.  Cerussas  ace-
tatas,  Ceratum  plumbi superacetatis,  U. plumbi
superacetatis—u. Citrinum, U. de althaea,  U.  hy-
drargyri nitratis.
   Unguentum  Ceta'cei, Unguentum  Sper'matit
Ceti,  U. album,  Linimen'tum album, Spermace'ti
ointment, (F.) Onguent de blanc de baleine.  (Ce-
tacei gvj, cera alba ,^iv, ol. oliv. f^iij.  Ph. L.)
The ordinary dressing for blisters and excoria-
tions.
   Unguen'tum Creaso'ti, Ointment of Cre'aeote.
(Creasot. f gss;  adipia, 3J. Add the creasote to
the lard previously melted  with a moderate heat,
and stir constantly till cold.  Ph. U.  S.)  Used
in chronic cutaneous affections. 
                UNGUENTUM

  Unguentum Cupri Subacetatis, Unguentum
Bubacetatis cupri.
  Unguentum  Digesti'vum  Simplex,  U.  Tere-
bin'thina et ovo'rum ritel'U, Simple dit/eetive oint-
ment, (F.) Onguent digestif simple.  ( Terebinthin.
pur. 64 p.  Vitell. oror. No. 2, vel 32 p.  Mix, for
a long tune, in a glass mortar, and add, gradually,
enough of the Oil of Hypericum (Miltepertuis) to
make a soft ointment.  Ph. P.)  Detergent.   It
may be rendered more so by adding a little of the
Acetate of copper.
  Unguentum Elemi, Balsam of Arcasus, Ungu-
entum elemi compositum.
  Unguentum El'emi Compos'itum, Linimen'tum
Arca'i, Unguentum e gummi elemi,  Ung. de Tere-
bin'thind et adijfibua, U. elemi, Ointment of Elemi,
(F.) Baume d'Arciue.   (Elemi Ibj, terebinthina
vulgaris gx, eevi praparati Ibij, oliva olei f^ij.
Melt the elemi with the suet; remove it from the
fire; and mix in the  turpentine and oil.  Strain
the mixture through a linen cloth.  Ph. L.) Sti-
mulant and digestive.  To keep open issues, Ac
  Unguentum  Epispas'ticum  de Daphne Gni-
DIO, Adepe Cor'tiee daphnes  gnidii  medica'tus,
(F.) Pommade de Garou.   (Adip. prapar, 320 p.,
cera, 32 p., cort. daphn. gnid. 128 p.  Melt the
fat  and wax; and add the bark softened in water.
Boil until  the water is evaporated; then pass
through cloth.   Ph. P.)   To  keep  open blisters,
issues, Ac.   See Unguentum Mezerei.
  Unguentum Epispasticum Fortius, Cerate of
cantharides—u. Epispasticum mitius, Unguentum
lyttae—u. Epispasticum viride, Ungueutum lyttas
medicatum—u. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea—
u. e Gummi elemi,  Unguentum compositum — u.
Hellebori albi, Unguentum veratri.
  Unguentum Gall a, Ointment of Galls, (Galia
in pulv. 3*j; adipis. ^vij. M.  Ph.  U. S.)   As an
astringent in piles,  indolent ulcers,  Ac.
  Unguen'tum Hydrar'gyri, U. caru'leum, U.
Neapolita'num, Blue  ointment,  Cera'tum  mercu-
ria'le, Adepts Hydrar'yyro medica'tus, Mercurial
Ointment, Unction, (F.) Onguent mercuriel ou Na-
politain.
  The Strong Mercurial Ointment, Unguentum Hy-
drargyri fortius of the  London  Pharmacopoeia,
Unguen'tum Hydrar'gyri (Ph. U. S.), is thus made
—Hydrarg. Ibij, adipis ^xxiij, sevi 3jj.   Bub till
the globules entirely disappear.
  The Milder Mercurial Ointment,— Unguentum
Hydrargyri Mitiue,—is  made  by adding, to one
pound of the strong, two pounds of lard.
  Mercurial ointment is  antisyphilitic and discu-
tient.  It is rubbed on the inside of the thigh, in
venereal affections; especially in those cases where
mercury, given internally, runs off by the bowels.
The stronger ointment is used for  this purpose.
The weaker is  employed as a  dressing, or as an
application  to cutaneous  eruptions.
  Unguentum  Hydrargyri Ammoniati, Ungu-
entum hydrargyri prascipitati  albi — u. Hydrar-
gyri calcis albas, Unguentum hydrargyri praecipi-
tati albi—u. Hydrargyri compositum, Unguentum
hydrargyri nitratis—u. Hydrargyri  deutoxydi ni-
trati, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi—u. ex
Hydrargyro mitius  dictum cinereum, Unguentum
oxydi hydrargyri cinereum.
  Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U.  H.
rtitrati, U. supernitra'tis hydrargyri, Ointment of
Nitrate of Mer'cury, Citrine Ointment, Bal'samum
mercuria'le,  Ung.   hydrar'gyri  compos'itum, U.
mercuriale  cit'rinum, Adeps intra'te  hydrargyri
medica'tus,  Unguentum citrinum ad scabiem, (F.)
Onguent de nitratejlc mercure,  0. citrin contre la
gate.  (Hydrarg. p.i,  acid, nitric, fgxiv, olei bu-
buli f.^ix, tidipis 3iij.  Dissolve the  mercury in
the acid ; and, wlale  hot, add the oil and melted
lard.  Ph.  U. S.
3              UNGUENTUM

  A milder ointment,— Ung. Nitratie Hydrargyri
 mitius,—is made with triple the quantity of oil
 and lard.  It is stimulant and detergent, and is
 much used  as an application to herpes, porrigo,
 and cutaneous eruptions.  The weaker ointment
 is sometimes used in ophthalmia tarsi,  Ac.
  Unguentum Hydrargyri  Ni'trico-ox'ydi,
 Ung.  subnitra'tis  hydrargyri,  Ung. Oxydi Hy
 drargyri rubri,  U. H. oxidi rubri (Ph. U. S.),
 Ointment of Nitric  Oxyd of Mercury, Bal'samum
 ophthal'micum rubrum, Unguentum dentox'ydi hy-
 drarg. nitrati, Red Precip'itate Ointment, Golden
 Ointment, Singleton's Eye  Salve, U. Hydrargyri
 rubri,  U. ex Hydrargyro oxyda'to rubro, U. mer-
 curii rubrum, U. ophthal'micum rubrum, U. subni-
 tra'tis hydrorgyr'ici.  (Hydrarg.  oxid. rubr.  in
 pulv. subtiliss.  Zj; Ung.  simpl. §j-  Add  the
 oxyd,  reduced to a fine power,  to the melted
 ointment.  Ph. U. S.)  Stimulant and escharotic.
 Applied to foul ulcers,  to  inflammation of the
 tarsi, Ac. Ac.
  Belleville's Cerate, which has been  long used
 in cases of scalled head, and of chronic cutaneous
 diseases in general, is made as  follows :—Plumbi
 acet. Xy,  hydrarg. oxid,  rubr. ^ss ; hyd. chlorid.
 mit. 51J; cera alba %iv; ol. oliv. ^vj.   Melt the
 last two, and add the others in fine powder.
  Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, Un-
 guentum  hydrargyri'nitrico-oxydi —u.  ex Hy-
 drargyro oxydato rubro, Unguentum hydrargyri
 nitrico-oxydi—u. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, Ungu-
 entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
  Unguentum Hydrargyri Pracipita'ti Albi,
 U.  Hydrar'gyri ammonia'ti,  (Ph.  U. S.), U. sub-
 muria'tis hydrargyri ammonia'ti,  Unguentum ad
 scabiem Zelleri, U. mercuria'le album, U. mun-
 dif'icane Zelleri,  Ointment of white precipitate,
 Ung. e mercu'rio pracipita'to, Ung. calcie hydrar-
 gyri alba.   (Hyd.  ammon. gj, U7i<7. simpl. ^iss.
 Melt the fat, and add the  precipitate.)  Detergent.
 Used in cutaneous eruptions, to destroy vermin,
 Ac.
  Unguentum Hydrargyri Rubri, U. Hydrar-
 gyri nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri submuriatis
 ammoniati, U. Hydrargyri  prascipitati albi — u.
 Hydrargyrici subnitratis, U. hydrargyri nitrico-
 oxydi—u. Hydrargyri  subnitratis, U. hydrargyri
 nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri supernitratis, U.
 hydrargyri  nitratis—u. Infusi meloes vesieatorii,
 U.  lyttas—u. Irritans, U. lyttas.
  Unguen'tum Io'dini,  U.  lodin'ii, Ointment of
 Iodine.  (lodin.^y, Potass, iodid, gr. iv :  Aqua
 iTLvi; Adipis. ^j.  Rub the iodine and iodide first
 with the water until liquified, and then with the
 lard until  mixed.   Ph.  U. S.)   Used  as a local
 application to goitrous and other swellings.
  Unguentum Io'dini Compos'itum, U. lodin'ii
 compositum, Compound Ointment of Iodine. (lodin.
 gss; Potassii iodid. Z,y,  Alcohol, fzfs; adipis ^ij.
 Rub the iodine and iodide first with the alcohol
 and then with the lard until they are well mixed.
 Ph. U.  S.)
  Unguentum Lau'rinum,  O'leum lau'rinum,
 Adeps lanro-medica'tus,  Bay Ointment, (F.) O11-
 g'ueiit ou Huile de  laurier.  (Fol.  lauri, 500 p.,
 adip. suilla, 1000 p.  Bruise in a marble mortar;
 evaporate all humidity by boiling; 'and add Bay
 berries,  in  powder,  500 p.   Digest  and  pass
 through linen.  Ph. P.)  Reputed to be  corro-
 borant and nervine.  It  is  simply emollient.
  Unguentum Lenitivum, U. de althaea—u. Li-
 liaceum, Crinomyron.
  Unguentum Lytta, Ung. canthar'idis,  U. ve-
 eicato'rium,  U. irri'tans,  U. ad resica'ta, Blister-
 ing Salre, lug. infu'si mel'oes resicato'rn, Oint-
 ment of Spanish Flies,  Ointment of Infusion of
 Spanish Flies, Unguentum epispas'ticum mit"ius,
 Milder blis'tering Ointment.  (Cantharid. in pulv.
PS 
4              UNGUENTUM
               UNGUENTUM               S

§ij; aqua destillat.  Oss; cerat. resi'n. 3 viij.  Boil
down the water with the Spanish flies to one-half,
and strain; then mix the  cerate with the strained
liquor, and evaporate  to  the  proper consistence.
Ph. U. S.)  It is stimulant and epispastic; and
is chiefly used for keeping up the discharge from
a blistered surface.
  Unguentum  Lytta Medica'tum,  Adeps can-
tharid' ibua medica'tii8, Poma'tum seu Unguentum
epispas'ticum  vir'ide  stim'ultins ac'ribus,  Green
blis'tering Ointment, (F.) Pommade ipispastique
verte.  (Pomati vel  unguenti cantharid. 64  p.,
unguent, populei 168  p.,  cera alba 256 p., cupri
acetat., ext. opii, aa 24 p.   Melt the unguentum
populeum, and wax,  and add, as they cool, the
oxyd of copper, cantharides, and opium.  Ph. P.)
Use, same as the last
  Unguentum  Lytta Medica'tum  A'liud,
Adeps cantharid'ibus  medica'tus alius, Poma'tum
epispas'ticum fiavum  et mit"ius, Yellow Blister-
ing Ointment,  (F.) Pommade  ipispastique jaune.
(Pulv. cantharid. 120 p., adip. prap. 1680  p.,
aqua 250  p. Melt the lard; mix the cantharides,
and add the water  at the same time; place the
whole on  a gentle  fire;  stir  continually for two
hours, and add a little water to replace that which
has  been  evaporated. Pass  through linen and
strain.  Keep  it in  a water-bath, and add pow-
dered turmeric, 8 p.   Let it cool  till the super-
fluous liquid separates; pour  off and add yellow
icax, 250 p., Oil of Lemon, 8 p.  Ph. P.)  A com-
plex preparation.   Use, same as the last.
  An ointment, not  very  philosophically com-
bined, was used by  Dr. Physick, which is known
by the name of "Dr.  Physiek's Issue Ointment."
It is made by boiling  half an  ounce  of powdered
cantharides in  two ounces of rose-water, and eva-
porating until  one-half of the fluid is driven off,
having previously added 15 grains of tartar emetic.
The decoction  is to be strained, and three ounces
of olive oil, an  ounce and  a half of white wax, and
one ounce of spermaceti added to it, and the mix-
ture then boiled till  all the water is evaporated.
  Unguentum  Melanicum Causticum, Causti-
cum ^Ethiopicum.
  Unguentum Mercuriale Album, Unguentum
hydrargyri prascipitati albi — u. Mercuriale citri-
num, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis—u. e Mer-
curio prascipitato, Unguentum hydrargyri pras-
cipitati  albi — u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguentum
hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi—u. Mundificans Zelleri,
Unguentum hydrargyri prascipitati albi.
  Unguentum Mez'erei, Ointment  of Mezereon.
(Mezer.  incis.  transversim, 3*iv;  adipis, 3*xiv;
cera  alba, 3*ij; moisten the mezereon with a
little  alcohol, and beat in an iron mortar, until
reduced to a fibrous  mass;  then  digest it with
the  lard, in a salt-water bath, for 12 hours; strain
forcibly, and allow  the strained  liquor to cool
slowly,  so  that any  undissolved matters  may
subside; from  these separate the medicated lard;
melt it with the wax at a  moderate heat, and stir
constantly  till  they are  cold.  Ph. U. S.)   To
keep open blisters, issues, Ac.
  Unguentum Muria'tis Hydrargyri Oxyge-
NA'to Medica'tum,  Adeps  muria'te  hydrargyri
oxygena'ti  medicatus,  Cyrillo'e Ointment, (F.)
Pommade  de  Cyrillo.  (Hydrar.  oxymur. 4 p.;
adipia auilla prap. 32 p.—Ph. P.) Antivenereal
and alterative. Used in  friction, gss at a time.
  Unguentum Nardinum, see Nardus Indica—
u. Neapolitanum, Unguentum  hydrargyri — u.
Nervinum, Unguentum Sambuci — u. Nitricum
vel  oxygenatum, Unguentum  acidi nitrosi.
  Unguentum Ophthal'micum, Adeps ox'ido hy-
drargyri rubro et plumbi  aceta'te medica'tus, Re-
gent's Pommade ophthalmique,  (F.) Pommade oph-
thalmique.  (Butyr. recent., aq. roear. lavat. 4J p.;
camphor., oxyd. hydrarg.  rubr., acetatis plumbi,
aa 0.25 p.  Mix intimately.—Ph. P.)  In chronio
inflammation of the. conjunctiva or tarsi.
  Unguentum Opiithalmicum, Unguentum oxidi
zinci impuri—u. Opiithalmicum rubrum, Unguen-
tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
  Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hydrargyri Cine'rei,
Adepa seu  Unguentum ex hydrargyro mit'iue dic-
tum cinereum, Ointment of gray oxide of mercury,
(F.) Onguent gris.  (Oxyd. hydrarg. ciner. p. j ;
adipis suilli, p. iij. — Ph. E.)   Properties like
the mercurial ointment It is not much used.
  Unguentum Ox'idi Plumbi Albi,  Ung. cents'-
sa, Ung. album,  Ung. subaceta'tis plumbi, Ointment
of white  oxide  of lead, White ointment.  (Ung.
simplicis, p. v ; oxyd. plumb, alb. p.  j. — Ph. E.
and P.)  Cooling  and desiccative.  Applied to
excoriated and burnt surfaces.
  Unguentum  Oxidi  Plumbi  Carbonati,  U.
Plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Oxidi zinci, Unguen-
tum zinci.
  Unguentum Ox'idi Zinci Impu'ri, Unguentum
tu'tia, Ung. ophthal'micum, Eye-ealve, Adeps ox'-
idi zinci medica'tus,  Tutty ointment, Ointment of
impure oxide of zinc.  (Lini 111. simpl.  p. v; oxyd.
zinc. imp. prap. p. j. — Ph. E.)  Generally used
in ophthalmia tarsi and atonic ophthalmia.
  Unguentum Picis Liq'uiiia,  Ung. Picie, Ung.
e Pice, Tar Ointment.  (Picie Liquid., eevi, sing.
Ibj.  Melt,  and stir till cold.)   Stimulant and
detergent.   Used in tinea capitis, and other cuta-
neous eruptions.
  Unguentum Picis Nigra, Unguentum resinaa
nigras — u.  Plumbi acetatis, Ceratum plumbi su-
peracetatis— u. Plumbi carbonatis,  Unguentum
plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Plumbi oxydi carbo-
nati,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis — u.
Plumbi subacetatis,  Unguentum   oxidi plumbi
albi—u. Plumbici carbonatis, Unguentum plumbi
subcarbonatis.
  Unguentum Plumbi Subcarbona'tis,  U. plum-
bi carbona'tis,  Cera'tum de cerus'sd,  Ung. album,
U. album 8im/jlex,  U. carbona'tis plumbici, tV.ce-
rus'sa, U. oxidi plumbi carbona'ti, (F.)  Onguent
blanc  de Rhazes, O. de cerusse, O. de Tornamira.
(Plumbi  carbonat. in  pulv. subtiliss. ^ij;  Un-
guent, simpl. Ibj.   Add the carbonate of. lead to
the ointment previously softened  over  a gentle
fire, and mix. — Ph. U. S.)  Chiefly used as a
dressing for burns.
  Unguentum Plumbi Superaceta'tis,  t7. ace-
ta'tie plumbi, Ointment of eugar of lead,  Unguen-
tum Batumi'num, U. cerue'ea aceta'ta, Bal'samum
universale.  (Olive oil, Ibss;  white wax, ^iss;
superacetate of lead, ^ij.)   Cooling,  desiccative.
Called, also, Balsamum saturni'num, Buty'rum
eatur'ni, Linimen'tum plumba'tum, Poma'tum 8a-
tur'ni, Ung. triphar'macum.
  Unguentum Popule'um, Adeps papav'ere, hy-
oecy'amo, et belladon'nd medica'tus.  (Fresh buds
of the populus nigra, 500  p., macerated in adeps
suillue prap. melted, 1500  p., for 24 hours.  Pre-
serve  this.  Take black poppy leaves, belladonna,
hyoscyamus, black nightshade, aa 128 p.; bruise
in a mortar with the former preparation;  boil
until all the humidity is evaporated, and strain.—
Ph. P.)  Anodyne.  Applied to local inflamma-
tions,  hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  cancer,  Ac.
Green elder ointment is often sold for this.
  Unguentum Populeum, see Populus.
  Unguentum Potas'sa  Hydrioda'tis, U. po-
tae'eii io'didi,  Ointment of hydri'odate of potass.
(Potass, iodid,  in pulv. subtil. Z.] ;  aq. bullient.
f^j ; adipie, £j. Dissolve the iodide in the water,
and mix the solution with  the lard. — Ph. U.  S.)
Half  a drachm of this ointment  is rubbed  on
scrofulous glands, goitre, Ac.
  Unguentum Potassii Iodidi, Unguentum  Po- 
UNGUENTUM
885
UNSTRIPED
taasas Hydriodatis — u. Pulvis meloes vesicatorii,
Cerate of cantharides—u. Resinas flavas, Ceratum
resinas flavas.
   Unguentum Resi'na Nigra. Ung. reaina ni-
grum, Ung. basil'icon nigrum, Ung. tetrapharm'a-
cum, Block baaillcoii, Black resin ointment,  Un-
guentum plcis^ ingra.   (Iteain.  nigr., cera flora,
reaina flav. aa ^ix ; olei o/ira, Oj.—Ph. L. Ueee,
the same as the Ceratum reeina  or  Yellow baei-
licon.
   Unguentum Resina  Pini Sylvestris Com-
positum, Unguentum de Althaea—u. Resinosum,
Ceratum resinas flavas — u. Resumptivum, Un-
guentum de althaea.
   Unguentum Sabina, Ceratum Sabinas.
  _ Unguentum Sambu'ci, Ung. eambu'cinum,Green
ointment, Unguentum nervi'num, Elder ointment,
(F.) Onguent  de  eureau.   (Sambuci  flor. Ibij;
mil pis prap. Ibij.  Boil.—Ph. L. and D.) Emol-
lient.
   Unguentum Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi
superacetatis—u. ad Scabiem Zelleri, Unguentum
hydrargyri praecipitati albi—u.  Simplex, Ceratum
Galeni, Unguentum cerae—u. Solidum de cicuta,
Emplastrum  cicutas — u. Spermatis ceti, Unguen-
tum cetacei.
   Unguentum Stramo'nii,  Ointment of Stramo'-
nium.   (Ext, etramon. fol. Zj ;  adipia,^}.   Rub
the extract with a little water until uniformly
soft, and then with the lard. — Ph. U. S.)  An
anodyne ointment  to  irritable  ulcers,  hemor-
rhoids, Ac.
   Unguentum Subaceta'tis  Cupri,  U.  cupri
subaceta'ti8  (Ph. U.  S.),  Ung. deter'gens, Uncj.
baail'icum.  vir'ide,  Ung. ant'giin's,  Hal'samum
viride, Ointment of subacetate of copper, Ver'di-
gris ointment.  (Cupri subacet.  in pulv. subtiliss.
3J; ung. simpl. Zxv.   Add the subacetate to  the
ointment previously melted with a moderate heat,
and stir till  cold. — Ph. U. S.)  Detergent and
escharotic.
   Unguentum Sulphur v'tum ad Scx'mF-a,Adeps
sul'phure et ammo'nia muria'te  medica'tus.  (Adi-
pis, 120 p.;  sulph. lot. 60 p. ; ammonia muriat.,
alumina sulphat. aa 4 p.; fiat unguentum. — Ph.
P.)  Antipsoric.
   Bailey's Itch Ointment is composed of olive oil,
lard, nitre, alum, sulphate of zinc, and cinnabar;
scented with oil of aniseed, oil of origanum, and
ot7 of spike, and coloured with alkanet-root.
   Unguentum Sulphura'tum Alcali'num  ad
Sca'biem, Adeps sul'phure  et carbona'te potassa
medica'tus, Hel'merick'e Alcaline Sulphura'ted Itch
Ointment,  (Adip. prap. 800 p.; sulphur,  lot. 200
p. ; carbonat. potass, pur. 100 p.;  fiat ung.— Ph.
P.)  Use, same as the last.
   Botemon's  Itch Ointment resembles this.  It is
coloured with cinnabar, and scented with essence
of bergamot.
   Unguentum Sul'phuris,  Ung. e sulph'ure, Sul-
phur ointment. (Sulph. Ibj ; adip.  tbij. — Ph. U.
S.)  Used chiefly in itch, and  some  herpetic
affections.
   Unguentum Sulphuris  Compos'itum,  Com-
pound Sulphur Ointment, Itch Ointment, Unguen-
tum Antipsor'icum, Jackson's Itch Ointment, Pom-
made  Antipsorique de  Josser.  (Sulph.  eublim.
ft>ss : veratri rod. contus. 3;ij ; piotaeea nitrat. Zi,;
saponis  mollis, tbss; adipis, ft)iss ; ol. bergamot.
TIL xxx. — Ph. L.)   The Unguentum Sulphuris
Compositum  of the  Pharm. U. S., is made as
follows: — Sulphur. 5J ;  hydrargyri  ammoniat.,
acid, benzoic, aa £j ; ol. bergamot., acid,  eulphn-
ric. aa t,"i ; potassa nitrat. gij ; adipis, Ibss.  To
the melted lard add the other ingredients, and
stir till  cold.   Use, the same as the last; but it
is  more  stimulating
   Unguentum Sllph'uris  Iod'idi, Ointment of
Todide of Sulphur. (Sulphur, iodid. £ss ; adipis,
  "-"........... ----->  "--n-
oxidi (Ph. U. S.),  Zinc oin
3J ; adipis, ,^vj.  Use, the
 ^j.  Rub the iodide with a little of the lard ; add
 the remainder, and mix.—Ph. U. S.)   An excel-
 lent application in chronic cutaneous affections.
   Unguentum Susinum, Crinomyron.
   Unguentum Tab'aci, Tobacco Ointment. (Ta-
 bac. recent, concis. ^j ;  adipie, Ibj.  Boil the to-
 bacco  in  the  lard, over a gentle  fire, till  it be-
 comes friable; then strain through linen. — Ph.
 U. S.)  Applied  to irritable ulcers, tinea capi-
 tis, Ac.
   Unguentum Tartari Emetici, Lt.  antimonii
 tartarizati — u. Tartari stibiati, U. antimonii tar-
 tarizati— u. e Tartaro potassae stibiati, U. anti-
 monii  tartarizati — u. Tartratis potassas  stibiati,
 U. antimonii tartarizati — u. de Terebinthina et
 adipibus, U. elemi compositum — u. de Terebin-
 thina et  cer&,  U.  de althasa — u. Terebinthinas et
 ovorum vitelli, U. digestivum simplex—u. Tetra-
 pharmaeum, Basilicon, U. resinas nigras — u. Tri-
 pharmacum, U. plumbi  superacetatis—u. Tutias,
 U. oxidi zinci  impuri.
   Unguentum Vera'tri,  U. V. albi,  Unguentum
 helleb'ori albi,  White hellebore ointment. (Veratr.
 pulv. ^ij ; adipis, 3 viij ; olei limon. TT^xx.) L'sed
 in cases of itch, where sulphur is objected to.  It
 is not equally  efficacious.
   The principal  ingredients in the  Edinburgh
 Ointment are white hellebore and muriate of am-
 monia.
   Unguentum ad  Atesicata,  U.  lyttae—u. ad
 Aresicatoria, Cerate of cantharides — u. Aresicato-
 rium.
   Unguentum Zinci, Ung. ox'idi  zinci,  U. zinci
                         ntment.   (Zinci  oxid.
                         e  same as that of the
 Unguentum tutia.
   Unguentum Zinci Oxidi, U. zinci.
   UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor, Nail, Ptery-
 gion—u.  Avis, Hippocampus minor—u.  Halleri,
 Hippocampus  minor — u. Odoratus, Blatta By-
 zantia.
   Unguis Os,   Os lachryma'le.  A  small, quadri-
 lateral, very thin,  and semi-transparent bone,
 which  has been compared to a hum„n »ai7, and
 is situate at the  anterior and inner part of the
 orbit.  It aids in  the formation of the lachrymal
 gutter and the nasal duct.  It is articulated with
 the  frontal, superior maxillary,  ethmoid,  and
 inferior spongy bones, and is developed by a sin-
 gle punctum ossificationie.
   UNGULA  CABALLINA,  Tussilago.
   UNGUL2E  PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus.
   UNILOCULAR,   Unilocula'rie, from  hhhs,
 'one,'  and loculus, 'a cell.'   Having one cell or
 cavity, as Biloc'ular means having two  cells or
 cavities ;  multilobular, having many.
   UNDO, Pearl.
   UNIOCULUS,  Cyclops, Monoculus.
   UNIPARTENS, Uniparous.
   UNIPARIENT, Uniparous.
   UNIP'AROUS, Unipa'ricnt, Unipariens, from
 kiiiis, 'one,' and pario, 'I  bring forth.'  Pro-
 ducing one at  a birth.
   UNISE'MA  DELTIFO'LIA, Pontede'ria. cor-
 da'ta, Shovel Pickerelweed, Pond Shovel, Shorel-
 leof, Water Plantain.  An indigenous plant, Ord,
 Pontederiacea\ Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia,
 which  grows in water, and flowers from June to
 August.  The root is emollient and astringent.
  UNI'TING  BANDAGE,  (F.) Bandage  itnis-
 aant.  A  bandage for bringing  the  edges of a
 wound into approximation.   The arrangement
 of such a bandage differs according as the wound
is transverse or longitudinal.
  UNIA'OCAL GENERATION, see Generation.
  UNOCULUS, Borgne, Cyclops, Monoculus.
  UNORGANIZED. Inorganic.
  UNSTRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, seeMua-
cular fibre. 
UNAATELL
URETHRA
  UNAA'ELL, see Menstruation.
  UPAS.   A word used in the Archipelagos of
Molucca and Sunda, and  signifying  Vegetable
Poiaon, Ipo, Bohon Upaa, Boa Upas, Pohon  An-
tiar. Boon  Upaa.   A substance used by the na-
tives of those places for poisoning their arrows.
The smallest quantity is capable  of destroying
the largest animal.   The tree which produces it
is  said to be the Antio'ria  Toxica'ria.   Another
species of upas, the U. Tieute, is the produce of a
Strychnos.   Many idle stories are told  regarding
the upas, most of which are fabulous.
  U'RACHUS, U'racu8, Urinac'ulum, from ovpov,
'urine,' and t^u, 'I contain.' (F.)  Ouraque.  The
urachus, in certain animals, is a long membranous
canal, which arises from the bladder,  makes its
exit from the abdomen by the umbilicus, and ter-
minates in  the pouch called allantois.  According
to Sabatier, this is the arrangement of the urachus
in the human foetus; but Bichat and other ana-
tomists consider, that when the canal exists in it,
it  is a malformation.  They regard it as  a kind
of suspensory ligament of the bladder,  extending
from the top of that organ to the umbilicus; and,
at the umbilicus, confounded with the abdominal
aponeurosis.
   URACRATIA, Enuresis.
   URACUS, Urachus.
   UR^E'MIA,  from ovpov,  'urine,'  and  'atpa,
'blood.'  A condition  of the blood in which it
contains urine or urea.
   URALI,  Curare.
   URANA, Ureter.
   URANE, Urinal.
   URANISCONI'TIS,  from ovpaviaKos, 'the  pa-
late,' and if is, denoting  inflammation.  Palati'tis.
Inflammation of the palate.
   URANISCOPLAS'TICE, from ovpaviaKos, 'the
roof of the mouth,' aud irXuaracos, 'forming.' The
operation of engrafting in case of deficiency of
the soft palate.
   URANISCORRHAPHY, Staphylorraphy.
   URANISCOS, Palate.
   URANORRHAPHY, Staphylorraphy.
   URAPOSTE'MA, Absces'sus  urino'sus, Urce-
de'ma.  A tumefaction  produced  by  the  escape
of urine.   An abscess containing urine.
   URARI, Curare.
   URAS, Urate.
   URATE, Uras,  Lithate, Lithae; from ovpov,
'urine.'  A generic name for salts, formed by the
combination of uric or lithic acid with different
bases.  tTraie  or  Lithate  of Soda is found in
arthritic calculi:—Urate or Lithate of Ammo'nia
in some urinary calculi.
   URE'A,  Uren,  Uren'ium,  U'ricum, Mate'ria
urino'sa,  Princip'ium  seu Sal urino'sum, (F.)
 Uree.   Same etymon.   A white, pearly, brilliant
substance, in transparent plates, inodorous,  and
of a cool taste; very soluble in water; deliques-
cent, and soluble in alcohol.  It exists, in great
quantity,  in the urine;  and is  an essential part
of it.  Tt has been used as a diuretic.  Dose, gr.
xv to p)j.
   UREC'CHYSIS, Urech'ysis, from ovpov,  'urine,'
and exxvais, ' effusion.'  Effusion  of  urine into
the cellular membrane.
   UREDO, Urticaria.
   UREE, Urea.
   UREMA, Urine.
   UREN, Urea.
   URENIUM, Urea.
   URENS, Caustic.
   UREORRHCEA, Diabetes.
   URESUESTHESIS, Diuresiassthesis.
   URESIS, Micturition.
  URE'TER.   Same etymon as Urate.  U'rana,
Vena alba renum, Cana'lis ner'reus fistnlo'sus re-
num, Ductus seu Ductor Uri'na,  Vas iirina'riuiu,
(F.)  Uretere.  A long, excretory canal—membra-
nous and cylindrical— which conveys  the urine
from the kidney to the bladder.   It extends, ob-
liquely, between the pelvis  of the kidney, with
which it is continuous,  and the bus fond of the
bladder, into which  it opens.  It enters at the
posterior and inferior part, for some distance be-
tween the  coats, and opens into the cavity of the
bladder, at  the posterior angle  of the Trigone
visical.   The ureter  is  formed  of an  exterior,
white, opake, and fibrous membrane; and of an
inner, which is  mucous.
  URETERAL'GIA, from ovpernp, 'the ureter,'
and  aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in the  course of the
ureter,—as from calculus, I'reteral'gia calculo'sa.
  Ureteralgia Calcui.osa, see  Ureteralgia —
u. Inflammatoria, Ureteritis.
  URETERE, Ureter.
  URETERTCUS.  An epithet for ischury, Ac,
arising from an affection  of the ureter.
  URETERI'TIS,  Ureteral'gia  inflammato'ria,
Ureterophtegma'sia.  Inflammation of the ureter j
generally  caused by calculus.
  URETERO-LITH'ICUS,  from  ovpnrnp,  'the
ureter,' and Xt$os, 'a stone.'   An epithet applied
to ischury or other affection caused by a stone in
the ureter.
  URETEROL'ITHUS.  Same  etymon.  Calcu-
lus in the  ureter.
  URETEROPHLEGMASIA, Ureteritis.
  URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS, from ovpnrnp,
' the  ureter,' and tpXeypa, ' phlegm  or mucus.'
Any affection caused by mucus accumulated in
the ureter.
  URETERO-PYTCUS, from ovpyrnp,  'the
ureter,' and irvov, 'pus.'   An  epithet applied to af-
fections caused by the presence of pus in the ureter.
  URETERORitHAG"IA,  from ovpvrnp,  'the
ureter,' and payn, 'rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from

  URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS,   from  ovpnrnp,
'the ureter,' and aro/jta, 'orifice.'   That which is
dependent upon obstruction of the orifice of the
ureter.
  URETERO-THROMBOI'DES,  from ovpr,rVp,
' the ureter,' $pofi(los, ' grumous blood,'  and  etio;,
' resemblance.'   Ischury from grumous blood in
the ureter.
  URE'THRA, ovpijSpa, Cana'lis seu Mea'tus seu
Ductus urina'riua, Urioa, Ure'tra, Fia'tula urina'-
ria,  Iter nrina'rium  seu Uri'na; (F.) Urethre,
 Uretre, from ovpov, ' urine.'   The excretory ducts
for the urine in both sexes ; and for the sperm in
man.  In the latter, it is 8 or 10 inches long ; and
extends from the neck of the bladder to the ex-
tremity of the  penis, in  which its external  aper-
ture is  situate.   In the male urethra, three por-
tions are distinguished:—1. A Prostatic portion,
near the bladder,  about an inch aud a quarter in
length, which  traverses the prostate  gland: —
2. A membranoue portion, l8thmua ure'thra, Para
ure'thra membrana'cea,  from 8  to 10  lines  long,
which is separated from the rectum by the  areo-
lar tissue only  : — 3. A epongy portion, which ex-
pands, anteriorly, to form  the glans, and which
commences at  the bulb of the urethra.  Before
opening  externally,  the canal  has a dilatation,
called  the Foeea or Fossic'ula naviciila'ria.  On
the  interior of the  urethra two white lines are
perceptible — the one  above,  the other below.
 The latter commences at the verumontanum ; and
 at the  surface  of this, the ejaculatory ducts, and
prostatic  ducts open.  The urethra is lined,  in its
whole extent, by a mucous membrane; on which 
URETHRAL                887                URINARY
are seen, particularly at the bulb, the orifices  of
a number of  follicular ducts, Lacuna or Sinuses
of Morgagni.  At about an inch and a half from
the opening of the meatus, one of these lacunae is
generally found, much larger than  the rest, and
is named Lacuna Magna.  The arteries of the
urethra are numerous, and proceed from the  in-
ternal pudic, — the largest branches entering the
bulb.  The veins follow the course of the arteries.
The lymphatics pass into the inguinal and hypo-
gastric plexuses.  The nerves come from the pu-
dic  and gluteal.  In the female, the urethra is
only about an  inch long.   It  is wider than in
man, and susceptible of great  dilatation.  It is
very wide at its commencement;  and descends
 obliquely forwards, to terminate at the top of the
 external  aperture of the vagina by the mea'tus
 urina'rius.   In its  course, it is slightly curved,
 the concavity being forwards.
   Urethra, Blind Ducts of the, see Cascus —
 u. Mucous lacunas of the, see Cascus.
   URE'THRAL,  Urethra'lis.  Ure'thricus, from
 ovpnOoa, ' the urethra.'  Relating to the urethra.
   URETHRAL'GIA, from ovpnOpa, ' the urethra,'
 and aXy.os, ' pain.'  Pain  in the  urethra.  Gonor-
 rhoea. v
    URETHRE, Urethra.
    URETHREMPHRANIS, Urethrophraxis.
    URETHRITIS, Gonorrhoea.
    URETHROBLENNORRHCE'A, from ovpvSpa,
  'the  urethra,' jiXcvva, 'mucus,' and peta, 'I flow.'
  Gonorrhoea; gleet
    URETHROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA, see Li-
  thotomy.
    URETHROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM-
  IA, see  Lithotomy.
    URETHROCYSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA, see
  Lithotomy.
    URETHROILEMORRHAGIA, Urethrorrha-
  gia.
    URETHROPHRAX'IS,  Urethremphrax'is,
  from ovpqSpa, ' the  urethra,' and  tppaaata, ' I ob-
  struct'  Obstruction of the urethra.
    URETHROPLAS'TIC, Urethroplas'ticua; from
  ovpn$pa, 'the urethra,' and rXaaaio, 'I form.'  An
  epithet given to the operation urethraplaaty which
  supplies defects in the canal of the urethra through
  which the urine escapes.
    URETHRORRIIA'GIA, Urethrohamorrha'-
  gia, Caulorrha'gia  stillatit"ia, Hamatu'ria  stil-
  latit"ia, from ovp>i$pa, ' the urethra,' and priyvvfii,
  ' I break out'   Hemorrhage from the urethra. —
  Frank.
    URETIIRORRHCE'A, from ovpn^pa, 'the  ure-
  thra,' and priii, ' I flow.' A discharge of any  kind
  from the urethra.
    URETHROSTENO'SIS,  Strictu'ra ure'thra,
   Uroeteno'sis,  from  ovprjOpa, 'the  urethra,'  and
  nrevtaois, ' narrowness.'  Stricture of the urethra.
    URETHROTOMIES,  (F.)  Urithrotome,  from
  ovpifSpu, 'the urethra,' and rcfivta,  'I cut.'   An
  instrument so called by Le Cat, with which he
  divided the skin, and  laid open  the  urethra, in
  the operation for lithotomy. Also, an instrument
  for dividing strictures of the urethra,
    URETHROTOMY, Urethrotom'ia ; same ety-
  mon.  An  operation, which consists  in opening
  the urethra for the removal of stricture.   See
  Boutonniire.
    URETHRYMENO'DES, from ovpnSpa,  'the
  urethra,' and 'vuvv, ' a membrane.'  That which
  is caused by a membrane formed in  the urethra.
     U11ETICUS, Diuretic,  Urinary.
     URETRA, Urethra.
     UP P. THE, Urethra.
     UUETR1S. Urinal.
     UR1AS, Fistula, (urinary,) Urethra.
  URIASIS, Lithia, Uresis.
  URIC  ACID, Ac"idum u'ricum, Ac"idum uro-
lith'icum, Acidum  lith'icum, Lithic Acid, Urylic
Acid.  An  acid which exists in human urine,
chiefly, if not wholly, in the form of urate of soda
or urate of ammonia, and which in combination '
constitutes  the greater part of  urinary calculi.
It is  often  deposited from the urine in health.
See Calculi, urinary.
  URIC  OXIDE,  Ox'idum u'ricum, Xanthic ox-
ide, Xanthine, Urous acid.  A substance not dis-
covered in healthy urine, although probably bear-
ing some relation to the yellow colouring matter.
It is a very rare ingredient of calculous concre-
tions, and little is  known either of its chemical or
pathological history.
   URICUM, Urea.
   URICUS, Urinary.
   URINA CEREBELLA, see Cerebella—u. Chy-
li, see Urine — u.  Cibi, see  Urine —u. Diabetica,
Urine, diabetic — u. Febrilis, Urine, febrile — u.
Furfuracea, see Furfuraceous—u. Galactodes, see
Galactodes—u. Genitalis,  Sperm—u. Jumentosa
seu  Jumentaria, Urine, jumentous — u. Mucosa,
 Cystirrhoea—u. Nephelodes, see Nepheloid — u.
 Oroboides  seu Orobodes, see Oroboides —u. Peri-
 cardii, see Pericardium—u. Potus, see Urine —
 u. Sanguinis, see  Urine—u. Araecas, Urine, cows'.
   URINACULUM, Urachus, Urinal.
   URIN.E PROFLUA'IUM, Diabetes —u. Sup-
 pressio,  Ischuria,—u. Stillicidium, Strangury—u.
 Substillum, Strangury.
   U'RINAL, Urinato'rium, Chernib'ium, Urane,
  Ure'tris,  Urinae'uluin, Urodochium,  Urod'oche,
  Urodochium, Uratrtt'cium, Matra'cium, Mat'ula,
 Matel'la;  from urina, 'urine.'  A  name given,
 1. To certain vessels, used to pass the urine into.
 2.  To reservoirs,  of different shapes and charac-
 ter, which are adapted to  the penis, in cases of
 incontinence of urine, and which are intended to
 receive the urine  as it flows off.
   URINALIS, Diuretic, Urinary.
   URINARIA,  Antirhinum linaria,  Leontodon
 taraxacum.
   U'RINARY,  Urina'rius, Urina'lis,  Urino'sus,
  U'ricus, Uret'icus.  Same  etymon.   That which
  relates to the urine.
    Urinary Bladder, Vesi'ca  Urina'ria, Cystis,
  Urocys'tis, (F.) Vessie.  A musculo-membranous
  reservoir, intended for the reception of the urine,
  until the  accumulation of  a certain quantity so-
  licits its excretion.  The bladder is  situate in the
  hypogastric region, between the rectum and pubis
  in man ; and between the  pubis and vagina in the
  female.   Its upper region is not covered, except
  by the peritoneum, posteriorly.   From its centre
  arises the urachus.  Its lower region is bounded,
  anteriorly, by the prostate, in man ; and rests on
  the vesiculas  seminales and rectum.   In the fe-
  male, it corresponds to the vagina.   The lowest
  portion of this region bears the name Bas-fond.
  The anterior surface of the organ is not covered
  by peritoneum.   It is attached to the  symphysis
  pubis by  a fibro-cellular expansion  called the an-
  terior ligament.    The posterior ligaments  are
  duplicatures of  the peritoneum on its posterior
  surface, whieh extend from this surface to the
  rectum in the male, and to the uterus in the fe-
  male. The bladder is composed of a serous mem-
  brane, formed by the  peritoneum ;—of a muscular
  membrane ; of a somewhat thick layer of areolar
  tissue; and is lined on  its inner  surface,  by a
  mucous membrane, which is,  sometimes,  raised
  up, here and there, in long prominences or columns
  by the muscular fibres beneath.  To  this condi-
  tion, the  French anatomists give the term— i c«'<s
  d colonnes. In the bas-fond the two ureters open.
  and the urethra  commences; and the triangulae 
URINATORIUM
URINE
epace, which the apertures of these three canals
leave between them, is called, by the French, the
Trigone  visical or  Vesical Triangle, Trigo'nus
seu  Trigo'nuui  vesi'ca  sen Lieutau'di.  In  the
orifice of the urethra, which is  also called the
neck of the bladder, there is, at its lower part, a
more or less prominent tubercle, which is formed
by the anterior angle of the Trigone visical, and
is called the Vesical uvula, U'vula vesi'ca, (F.)
L uette vesicate.
   The arteries of  the bladder proceed from the
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor-
rhoidal, and internal pudic.  Its veins, which are
more numerous  than the arteries, open into the
hypogastric venous plexus.  Its nerves emanate
from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and
its lymphatic vessels pass into the  hypogastric
ganglia.
   Urinary Calculi.  The calculi  which form
in the urinary passages.   See Calculi, urinary.
   Urinary Passages, (F.) Voiee urinairee.  The
aggregate of canals and cavities intended to con-
tain  the urine and convey it externally.  These
ways are composed of  excretory ducts, which
form the tubular portion of  the kidney;  of
calices ; pelvis ; ureters ;  bladder; and urethra.
   URINATORIUM, Urinal.
   URINE, Uri'na, U'ron, Urc'ma, Lot'ium, Lot,
Lapis an!reus, Omich'ma, Rccremen'ta seu Retri-
men'to vesi'ca, Aqua pedum, Aqua.  An excre-
mentitial fluid;  secreted  by the cortical  part of
the kidney; filtered through the tubular portion;
poured guttatim from the apices of  the  tubular
papillas into the pelvis of the kidney ; and trans-
mitted by  it to the  ureters;  which  convey it
slowly, but in a continuous manner, into the blad-
der, where it remains deposited, until its accumu-
lation excites a desire to void it   The excretion
of the fluid takes place through the urethra; and
is caused by the action of the abdominal muscles
and  diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous
coat  of the bladder.  Urine is transparent;  of a
citron-yellow colour ; of a peculiar odour, and of
an acid, saline,  and  slightly bitter taste.  That
which is passed  some time after  taking  fluid, is
less  coloured, and less odorous and dense than
that  which  is voided 7  or 8 hours after eating.
The  first is the Uri'na potus,  (F.) Urine  de la
Boisson,  Urine from drink:—the latter Uri'na
san'guinis,  (F.)  Urine de  la digestion, Urine  de
la coction, Urine cuite, Coded urine,  Urine of di-
gestion.   Three distinct varieties  of urine may,
according to Dr. Golding Bird,  be  recognised:
Firat. That passed some little time after drinking
freely of fluids,  which is  generally pale, and of
low  specific gravity—1.003 to 1.009—Urino po-
tQ.8.   Secondly, That secreted after the digestion
of a  full meal;  s. g. 1.020 to 1.028, or even 1.030
— Urina  chyli vel cibi.   Thirdly, That secreted
independently of the immediate stimulus of food
and  drink, as after a night's rest, which is usually
of average density—1.015 to 1.025, and presents
the  essential characters   of urine — Urina  san-
guinis.
  The following are the ordinary constituents of
healthy human urine :—urea, uric acid, [hippuric
acid;] extractive matters, embracing alcohol ex-
tract, spirit extract, and water extract, with their
respective constituents ;  mucus ; brown colouring
matter of the urine, (hasmapbaein ;) red colouring
matter of the urine, (uroerythrin :) carbonic, lac-
tic, hydrochloric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  silicic,
and  hydrofluoric acids;   soda; potassa; ammo-
nia ;  lime ; magnesia; and peroxide of iron.   The
proportion of solid matters in 1000 parts of urine
may vary from  20 to  70.  The  following table
expresses  the relative  amounts of the different
components in every 100 parts of the solid mat-
Lehmann.	Simon. Marchani]
49.(18	3H.80 48 ill
1.01	1.40 1.5!)
ter,  according to the analysis  of different  oU
servers:
                Berzelius.
Crea,             45.10
Uric Acid,          1.50
Extractive matter,')

  aml'""."^^11;;)315-30    a"15   42-C0    &**
  Sodium,        J
Alkaline Sulphates, 10.30    11.58    8.11    10.18
Alkaline Phosphates, ti.88     5.96    (i..riO     4..)7
Phosphates of lime |  .„     - „_    , ,„     , „.
  and magnesia,   j  ls>v     1'J7    lbJ     lm

  Its average specific gravity is about 1.015.  The
quantity passed by the adult in  the 21 hours va-
ries.   On the average it  may amount to  two
pounds and  a half.  Sometimes, the urine, in
health  and disease,  exhibits  appearances that
have received special names.   Thus, that  which
is characterized by a deficiency of solid matters
generally, has been called Hydru'ria, ('voiap, 'wa-
ter;') by  a deficiency of urea, Anazotu'ria, (av,
privative, and azote;) by  a superabundance of
urea, Azotu'ria.   Urine in which  the deposit
consists of lithic acid, and  the lithates, has been
termed Lithu'ria ; and that in which the deposit
consists of the earthy and  earthy-alkaline  phos-
phates, Phosphu'ria Ceramu'ria, (Kcpa/ios, 'potters'
earth,') &c. &c.  At times,  a pellicle forms  on the
surface  (Cremor urina) which  consists of mucus
and  some salts: at others, there is a cloud. (A'u-
bec'ula, nubee,) towards its upper part, which is
called  Enaore'ma when it is  suspended, as it
were, about the middle of the  liquid.   Occasion-
ally, there is a sediment,  to which the names Hy-
pos'tasis, Sedimen'tum, &e., have been given. (See
these various words.)  The urine is often deserv-
ing of attention in disease; but it has been con-
sidered a matter of more importance than  it me-
rits.  Some empirics have presumed to pronounce
on the nature of disease  by simply inspecting it.
See Uroscopy.
  Human urine was, at one time, considered ape-
rient; and was given in  jaundice, in the close of
one or two ounces.  Cow's  urine, Urina Vacca,
All/lower water, was once  used,  warm from the
cow, as a purge, in the dose of Oss.
  Urine has been  variously designated by  pa-
thologists,  according  to  its appearance, &c, for
example: —
  Urine, Anje'mic, Uri'na ana'mica.  Used, but
not felicitously, for the form of urine that  occurs
in anaemia, chlorosis, <fcc—Becquerel.
   URINE ARDENTE,  Ardent urine—u.Bloody,
Hasmaturia—u. de la Boieeon,  Urine, hysterical,
see Urine—it. de la Coction, see Urine.
  Urine, Crude, (F.) Urine crue.  Urine that is
thin, transparent, and but  little coloured, afford-
ing neither cloud nor deposite.
   URINE CRUE, Urine, crude — u. Cuite, see
Urine.
  Urine, Cystinic, Cystinu'ria.   Urine  contain-
ing  cystine or cystic oxide in solution, or  as a
deposite.
  Urine, Diabetic,  Uri'na  diabe'tica.  Urine
passed in Diabetes mellitus, Melitu'ria.  It  con-
tains a large quantity of sugar analogous to  that
of the grape, which maybe separated in  the form
of crystals.   In other respects, the urine is very
abundant and very limpid  in that affection.
   URINE DE LA DIGESTION, see  Urine.
  Urine, Drop'sical, is an ammoniacal  urine,
often containing much albumen and scarcely any
urea.
  Urine, Dyspep'tic, has  been found to precipi-
tate tannin abundantly, and to soon  putrefy.
   URINE EPAISSE, Urine,  mucilaginous.
  Urine, Febrile, Uri'na febri'lis.  Urine  dis-
charged in inflammation and inflammatory fever. 
URINE
889
UROPYGION
  Urine, Filamentous, see Filamentous.
  Urine, Floc'culf.nt,  (F.)  Urine jioeonneuse,
is when the fluid is troubled by floeculi, suspend-
ed in it.
  Urine, Furfura'ckous, see Furfuraceous — u.
Floconneuee,  Urine,-flocculent — u. des  Goutteux,
Urine, gouty.
  Urine. Gouty, (F.) Urine  dee goutteux, con-
tains much phosphate of lime, and, after severe
attacks of gout, precipitates a  mixture of the uric
and rosacic acids.
   URINE HUILEUSE, Urine, oily.
  Urine, Hyster'ical,  is  clear, colourless, and
similar to the Urine de la Boieson.
   Urine, Icter'ical, contains bile.
   Urine, Incontinence of, Enuresis.
   Urine of  Inflammatory Diseasks.   This
is,  generally, small in quantity, and very high-
 coloured.
   Urine, Involuntary Discharge of, Enuresis.
   Urine, Jumkn'tovs,  Uri'na jumento'ea sen ju-
 menta'ria, (F.)  Urine Jumenteuse.  A term  used,
 by the French, for  ammoniacal  urine, rendered
 turbid by a substance similar to small grains of
 dust, which  causes  it to resemble  the urine of
 herbivorous  animals.
    URINE LACTESCENTE,\J. milky—it. Lai-
 teuae, Urine, milky.
   Urine,  Milky, (F.) Urine  locteecente ou lai-
 teuee.  AVhite and troubled urine.
   Urink,  Mucilag"inous, (F.)  Urine ipaieae.
 Urine containing much mucus.
    Urink, Nervous. Thin  and very liquid urine;
 Bueh as is passed shortly after the attack of ner-
 vous diseases.
    Urine of  Nervous Fevers is generally very
 thin; and often deposits a mixture of uric and
 rosacic  acids.
    Urine,  Oily, (F.) Urine huileuae, is that which
 pours like oil, or which  has an oily pellicle at its
 surface.
    Urine,  Oxal'ic,  Oxalu'ria.  Urine containing
 a 6alt of the oxalic acid.
    Urine, PHOSPHoREs'CENT,P/\osp7ioru'ri'rt,P7i os-
 phu'ria.  Urine which  is luminous or phospho-
 rescent.
    Urine, Pur'puric, see Porphyruria.
    Urine, Rick'ety, contains much phosphate of
 lime.
    Urine, Sandy, Arenosa urina—u. Stoppage of,
 Ischuria—u. TYime, Urine, thin.
    Urine, Thin, (E.) Urine tinue.   Urine  that is
 transparent, slightly coloured, and but little dense.
    URINIF'EROUS, Urinifer, from ovpov, 'urine,'
 and fero,  ' I carry.'  That which carries urine.
    Uriniferous Substance of the Kidney, see
 Kidney.
    Urinif'erous Tubes or Ducts  of  Belli'ni,
  Tu'buli vel  duc'tua uriniferi  Belli'ni,  Tu'buli
 Belli'11 i, Bellinia'ni Ductua, Bellinia'na Fia'tula.
 The collection of small tubes,  converging from
 the cortical part of the kidney to  the apices of
 the papillae.
    UR1N0DES, Urinous.
    URINOM'ETER, from  ovpov, 'urine,' and ptr-
  pov, ' measure.'  A small hydrometer for taking
  the specific gravity of urine.  The urinometer
  suggested by Dr. Prout is divided into 60 degrees,
 the zero  being the point at which it floats in dis-
  tilled water.  The  numbers on the scale added to
  1000, the specific gravity of water, give the par-
  ticular specific gravity : thus, supposing the num-
  ber cut by the  surface of the liquid to be 30, it
  would indicate a s. g. of 1.030.  The letters II. S.
  on  the back of the scale mean " healthy stand-
  ard," which ranges from 10° to 20°.
    U'RINOUS, Urino'sus,  Urino'dee. Having the
  character of urine.  Similar to urine.
  UROCE'LE,  CEde'ma acroti urino'sum,  Uros-
clieoce'le, Oscheocele urina'lia, from ovpov, 'urine,'
and »i/Ai7, 'a rupture.'   A tumour of the scrotum,
owing to the effusion of urine into the same, and
into the areolar tissue.
  UROC1IESTA, Urochez'ia, from ovpov, 'urine,'
and x^uv'  't0 S° to 8tooL'   A discharge of urine
by the bowels.
  UROCRASIA, Enuresis.
  UROCRISTA, from  ovpov, 'urine,'  and  Kpivia,
' I judge.'   Urocrite'rion.  A judgment formed
either of the urine, or of disease after inspecting
the urine.
  UROCRITERION, Urocrisia.
  UROCYSTIS, Urinary bladder.
  UROCYSTITIS, Cystitis.
  UROCYSTOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea.
  URODIAL'YSIS, from ovpov, 'urine,' and ita-
Xvats, 'dissolution,  loss of strength.'  A partial
and temporary suspension of the function  of the
kidney,  such  as occurs in the course of most
acute diseases.  A condition of the function  of
the kidney and of the  urine, similar to that ob-
served  in  acute diseases, but without local mis-
chief or preceding inflammatory fever, has been
termed, when occurring in children,  Urodial'yeie
Neonato'rum ;  in the aged, Urodialy8is Senum.—
Schonlein.
   URODOCHIUM, Urinal.
   URODYNTA, from ovpov, 'urine,' and oSvvn,
 ' pain.'  Pain during the excretion of the urine.
   URCEDEMA, Urapostema.
   UROGENTTAL, Urogenita'lis,  Gen'ito-u'ri-
 nary, Gen'ito-itrina'rius.  Relating or appertain-
 ing to the urinary and genital apparatuses.
   Urogenital Sinus, Sinue uro-genita'lie.   A
 cavity  or canal in the embryo of the mammalia
 opening externally, in which the excretory ducts
 of the  AVolffian bodies, the ureters and the effe-
 rent parts of the generative apparatus, terminate
 internally. It is prolonged into the urachus.
 Subsequently it becomes separated  by a  process
 of division into a ^ars urina'ria and a para  ge-
 nito'lia.  The former, extending towards the ura-
 chus,  is converted into  the urinary bladder;
 whilst from the latter are formed  the veaicula
 aeminalee in the male, and the middle portion of
 the uterus in the female.—J. Miiller.
   UROLITHI, Calculi, urinary.
   UROLITHIASIS, Lithia.
   UROLITHOLOG"IA; from ovpov,  'urine,'
 Xidos, 'a  stone,' and  Xoyos, 'a  description.'   A
 description of urinary calculi.
   UROLITHOTOMIA, Lithotomy.
   UROMANTI'A, from ovpov,  'urine,' and uav-
 rcia, ' divination.'  The art of divining diseases
 by simple inspection  of the urine; Uroeco'pia.
 One  professing to be able to do this is called Uro-
 man'tee.   ATulgarly, a water-doctor.
   UROMPH'ALUS, Her'nia  U'rachi.  A mon-
 strosity, which consists in the  protrusion of  the
 urachus at the umbilicus.
    URON, Urine.
    URON'CUS, from ovpov, 'urine,' and oynos, 'a
 swelling.'  A urinary swelling.
    URONOL'OGY,  Uronolog"ia, from ovpov,
 'urine,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'   The  part of
 medicine which treats of the urine.
    UROPHTHISIS, Diabetes mellitus.
    UROPLA'NIA, from ovpov, 'urine,' and zXavt/,
  'wandering.'   The  presence of urine in other
 parts than the urinary organs.
    UROPOE'SIS, Uropo'ie'aie, from ovpov, 'urines
  and iroteta, ' I  make.'   Sccre'tio  uri'na seu lo'tii.
  The secretion of urine by the kidney.
    UROPOIESIS, Uropoesis.
    UROPYGION, Coccyx. 
UROPYGIUM                890                   UTERUS
   UROPYGIUM, Croupion.
   URORRIIAGIA, Diabetes.
   URORRHOZA, Enuresis, Diabetes.
   UROSCHEOCELE, Urocele.
   UROSCOPIA, see Uromantia.
   URO'SES, from ovpov,' urine.' Diseases of the
urinary organs. — Alibert
   UROS'TEALITH, Uroateal'ithoa, from ovpov,
'urine,' areap, 'suet,' and XtBos, 'stone.'  A pecu-
liar fatty ingredient of urinary calculi,  discovered
by Heller.
   UROSTENOSIS, Urethrostenosis.
   UROUS  ACID,  Uric oxide.
   UROZEMIA,  Diabetes —u. Albuminosa, Kid-
ney, Bright's  disease of the—u. Mellita, Diabetes
mellitus.
   URTI'CA,  U.  Dioi'ca seu major seu his'pida,
Pyr'ethrum, the  Common stinging nettle,  Ad'ice,
(F.) Ortie.  Family, Urticeas.   Sex. Syst. Monce-
cia Tetrandria.  This plant has been  long used
for  medical and culinary purposes.   The young
shoots, in the  spring,  are considered  to  possess
diuretic and antiscorbutic properties.
   Urtica Balearica,  U. pilulifera — u.  Dioica,
Urtica — u. Hispida,  Urtica — u.  Iners  magna
foetidissima, Galeopsis — u. Major,  U.  dioica—u.
Minor, U. urens  — u. Mortua,  Lamium album.
   Urtica  Pilulif'era, Pill-bearing  Nettle, U.
Pilulo'sa seu  Roma'na seu Balea'rica, (F.) Ortie
Romaine.   The  seed was  formerly given in dis-
eases  of the chest.
   Urtica Pilulosa, U. pilulifera—u.  Roman, U.
pilulifera.
   Urtica  Urens,  U.  minor, Dwarf  nettle, (F.)
 Ortie  brulante.  A lesser variety of  the nettle,
possessing similar virtues.
   Nettles have been used as stimulants to para-
lytic limbs.
   URTICA IRE, Urticaria.
   URTICA'RIA, from urtica, 'a nettle;' Enan-
the'aia urtico'riu,  Ure'do,  Scorlati'nu urtica'ta,
 Cnido'eie, Urtica!ria porcel'lana, Exanthe'ma ur-
tica! tum, Epinyc'Ua prurigino'eo, Febrie urtica'ta,
Pur'pura  urticata, Febrie rubra  prurigino'ea,
 Sultans rosa,  (F.) Urticaire, Fievre Ortie, Porce-
laine, Nettle-raeh ;  vulgarly Hivea, Bold Hivea ;
from urtica, ' a nettle,' because  the eruption re-
sembles that  produced by the stings of a nettle.
A disease distinguished by those elevations  of the
 cuticle called wheals.   They  have a  white top,
 and are  often surrounded by a diffuse redness.
 They excite intolerable itching, especially when
 the person is warm in bed.   The eruption fre-
 quently goes  and comes once or more in the 24
 hours, and  is  generally dependent upon gastric
 derangement.  In some people, nettle-rash is in-
 duced by  shell-fish, eggs, nuts, &e.   It is not
 usually a disease  of any consequence,  and its
 treatment is limited to the use of absorbent laxa-
 tives, and simple general means.  Willan has de-
 scribed six varieties of the complaint;—Urtica'ria
 febri'lis, U. evan'ida,  U. perstans, U. confer'ta,
 U. subcuta'nea, and U. tubero'aa.
   Urticaria  Porcellana, Essera, Urticaria.
   URTICA'TIO, Cnido'aia,Urtiea'tion, from urti-
 ca, 'a nettle.'  A sort of flagellation, with net-
 tles ;—used with the intentidn of exciting the skin.
   URUCU, Terra Orleana.
-   URYLIC ACID, Uric acid.
   USNEA, Lichen saxatilis — u.  Florida hirta,
 Lichen plicatus — u. Hirta, Lichen plicatus — u.
 Plicata, Lichen  plicatus.
   USSACU, Hura Brasiliensis.
   USTILAGO,  Ergot.
    USTIO,  Burn, Ustion.
    USTION,  {7s'f!'o, Cauela, from urere, uatum, 'to
 burn.' The actof burning or of applying tlfe actual
 cautery.  Also the  effect of cauterization; a burn.
  USTULA'TIO, Uatultt'tion.  A pharmaceutical
operation bv which a substance is dried by heat
  USUALLY,  Officinals.
  USUS. Habit
  UTER, Uterus.
  UTERI  ADSCENSUS, Hysteria—u. Antever-
sio, Hysteroloxia anterior—u. Carcinoma, Metro-
carcinoma—u. Convulsivus morbus, Lorind matri-
cis—u. Coryza, Leucorrhoea—u. Exulceratio, Hys-
terelcosis—u. Flexio, Hysteroloxia — u. Inclina-
tio, Hysteroloxia—u. Obliquitns, Hysteroloxia —
u. Pronatio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Pruritus,
Nymphomania — u.  Reflexio completa, Hystero-
loxia   posterior — u. Retroversio,  Hysteroloxia
posterior — u. Rheuma, Leucorrhoea — u. Ulcus,
Hysterelcosis — u. Versio  incompleta, Hystero-
loxia.
  U'TERINE, tTfci-i''nus,from uterus, 'the womb.'
That which belongs  or relates to the womb.
  Uterine Artery, Arte'ria uteri'na hypogos'-
trica.  Its  size  is always  in  a ratio with  the
greater or less state of development of the uterus.
It arises  from the hypogastric, either  separately
or with the umbilical, or from the internal pudic;
passes upon the lateral  parts of the vagina, to
which it gives branches;  and afterwards ascends
on  the sides of the uterus, and divides into  a con-
siderable  number  of  very tortuous  branches,
which enter the tissue of  the organ.
  Uterine Muscle of Ruysch consists of some
fleshy fibres at  the  fundus of the  uterus,  which
he  regarded as forming a particular muscle.
  UTERI'NUS FRATER.  In  law,  a brother
by  the mother's side.
  UTERO-ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTERS, see
Belt,  Russian.
  UTERO-OESTATION, Pregnancy.
  UTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania,
  U'TERUS,  Uter,  Utric'ulua, Loci, Loci mulie'-
bree,  Vulva, Venter, Arm in natu'ra, Conceptac'-
ulum,  Matrix, Ager natu'ra,  Hys'tera,  Metra,
Stera, An'gns,  Delphya,  Alvua, Epompha'lion,
Gaater, Mater, Nedya, Poatrema,  the Womb,  (F.)
Matrice, Sein.   The uterus, destined to lodge the
foetus from the commencement of conception till
birth, is a  hollow symmetrical organ, having the
shape of a truncated conoid :  it is  situate in the
pelvis, between the bladder and the  rectum, above
the vagina, and below  the convolutions  of the
small intestine.   The uterus is flattened from be-
fore to behind, and is nearly an inch in thickness.
It  is  two  inches  broad  at its highest part, and
becomes narrower towards the vagina; termina-
ting in a contracted portion, called the cervix or
neck, to distinguish it from the rest of the  organ,
called the  body.   From  its fundus or  upper  por-
tion,  the Fallopian tubes pass off.  The mouth is
called Os  U'teri or Os Tinea.   The cavity is very
small, and its parietes are thick.   The portion of
the cavity corresponding with the  body is trian-
gular and  flattened.  Its superior angles present
the extremely fine orifices of the Fallopian tubes.
The cavity of the neck is slightly  dilated before
opening into the vagina.   The uterus is composed,
1.  Of a  serous  membrane.  This is external, and
furnished  by the peritoneum ;  whieh is reflected
upon the uterus from the posterior surface'of the
bladder and the  anterior surface of the  rectum.
It  forms, also, the broad ligamenta of the uterus,
Ligamen'ta lata, Ala veepertiHo'nie, Re'tia U'teri.
These contain, above, the Fallopian tube; be-
neath and anteriorly, the round  ligaments ;  and,
behind,  the ovary.  They are two membranous
productions or duplicatures of  the peritoneum,
sent  from  the edges of the uterus  and posterior
extremity of the vagina, in a transverse direction,
to  be fixed to, and line, the side of  the  pelvis.
2.  Of a mucoue membrane, which is a prolonga- 
UTRICLE
891
UVULITIS
tion of that of the vagina, and extends into the
tubes.  3. Of a proper tisane, whose thickness is
considerable.  It is of a close texture ;  ia grayish
and elastic; and resists the instrument  that  di-
vides it.   Its intimate nature is but little known.
During gestation it is truly muscular.  The arte-
ries of  the uterus proceed from  the spermatic and
hypogastric.  Its veins follow  the same  course,
and bear the same name  as  the  arteries.   They
are very tortuous, and form large sinuses  in  the
parietes  of the  organ,  called  U'terine Si'nuaes.
Its nerves proceed from the sciatic and hypogas-
tric  plexuses.   Its  lymphatic vessels are very
multiplied ; and during pregnancy acquire enor-
mous  dimensions.  The changes  experienced by
the_uferus during gestation, and after delivery,
are very numerous and important to  be  known.
They regard its situation, direction, size, shape,
texture,  connexions, vital properties, &c.
   Uterus,  Abdomen — u. Anteversion  of the,
Hysteroloxia anterior.
   Uterus Bif'idus.  A double uterus.  One se-
 parated into two cavities.
   Uterus  Duplex,  Dihysteria — u.  Hour-glass
contraction of the, Chaton—u.  Inclinatus,  Hyste-
roloxia.
   UfERlS, Ir'ritABLE, Neural'gia of the  Utcrue.
 A disease characterized  by deep-seated  pain in
 the lower part of the abdomen, and in  the back
 and loins;  generally diminished by lying down,
 and increased by exercise, and more severe for a
 few days preceding and during  menstruation.
 On examination per vaginam, the uterus is found
 to be tender on pressure; and  the cervix  and
 body slightly swollen, but not usually indurated.
 It is  an  obstinate affection, but frequently ends
 of itself after years of suffering.  The treatment
 must  be,— the  horizontal posture; local blood-
 letting to the uterus;  emollients;  soothing in-
 jections; narcotics, warm bath, &c.   See Hyste-
 ralgia.
   Uterus, Inversion of the,  Inrer'eio  U'teri,
 Metranas'trophe, yEdopto'sis  Uteri  inver'sa,  (F.)
 Iiuereion de la  Matrice, Renvereement de  la Ma-
 trice.   The  uterus,  displaced  and turned inside
 out.   This can  only happen through want of cau-
 tion on the part of the medical  practitioner.  It
 is a fatal accident, unless speedily reduced.  This
 must  be done by gradually returning the superior
 part,  by  grasping it with the  hand, and making
 the rest follow.
   Uterus Masculinus,  see Ejaculatory duefcf —
 n. Obliquus, Hysteroloxia — u.  Retroversion of
 the, Hysteroloxia posterior.
   Uterus, Rupture of  the, Metrorrhex'-'.s, II;,a-
 terorrhex'ia, Ruptu'ra Uteri,  Perfora'tio Uteri,
 Laceration of the  Womb, (F.) Rupture de la  Ma-
 trice.  This dreadful accident occurs during la-
 bour, and  is known to  have taken place, when
 the child's head suddenly recedes during a pain,
 with  vomiting, sinking of the pulse, cold sweats,
 <fcc.   AVhen it is evident that this  his  occurred,
 the hand must be passed into the uterus, and the
 feet of the child be brought down.
   Cases are on record, in which  partial lacera-
 tions of the uterus have healed, and the patient
 has done well.   This ia a rare event, and not to
 be anticipated.
'   UTRICLE,  see Semicircular canals.
   UTRICULAR,  Utricula'rie; from  utriculue,
 'a small bag  or bottle.'  Relating to or resem-
 bling a 6mall bag or bottle.
  Utricular  Glands,  Glan'dula  utricula'rei.
The glands or follicles in the interior of the ute-
rus, which are concerned in the formation of the
decidua.
  UTRICULUS, see Ejaculatory ducts, Uterus—
u. Communis,  see Semicircular canals — u. Lao.-
teus, Receptaculum chyli.
  UA7A, Uvula,  see  A'itis vinifera—u. Inversa,
Paris — u. Lupina,  Paris — u. Ursi,  see Arbutua
uva ur.-i—u. Vulpina, Paris.
  UvjE CorinthiaCjE, see A'itis Corinthiaca.
  Uv* Passes, Rhagee, Dried Grapjee, Raisins,
see Vitis vinifera.
  Uvje Pass^b  Majores, see ATitis vinifera — u-
Passie minores,  see A'itis Corinthiaca — u. Passaa
sole siceatae, see A'itis vinifera.
  UA'ATIO, Ceratocele, Staphyloma.
  U'A'EA, from uva, 'an unripe grape.'  Tu'nica
acino'sn seu ocinifor'mis seu uva'lis seu acina'lie
seu uvifor'mis, Rhugo'i'des, Tu'nica rhago'ides seu
urea seu  perfora'ta, Membrana uvea, Rhox, (F.)
 Ucee.  Some  anatomists have given this name to
the choroid coat of the  eye; others, to the poste-
rior layer of the iris, on account of the black and
very thick varnish that covers it.
   Uvea,  Commissure of the, Ciliary ligament.
   UVEE, Uvea.
   UA'EI'TIS; a word of hybrid formation; from
 uvea,  'the  uvea,' and  itis,  denoting  inflamma-
 tion ;  properly, Rhagode'i'tis.  Inflammation of
 the uvea.
   UVIGENA, Uvula.
   UYIGERA, Uvula.
   UA'ULA, diminutive of nra, 'a grape.'  Pi'ti-
 nac'ulum for'nicis  guttura'lis, lea,  Staph'yle,
 Tintinnab'itlum, Columel'la, Cion,  Ci'onis, Gar-
 ga'reon,  Coinm'na  oris, Gurgu'Uo,  Intersrp'tum,
 Processue seu Cartila'go U'rifer, Uvig"ena,Ucig"-
 cra, Pop of the Throat, Himas,  Plectrum, Sub-
 liii'gua, Sublin'gnium, (F.)  Luette.  A fleshy ap-
 pendix or prolongation,  which hangs from  the
 middle or free edge of the velum palati.  The
 uvula has a conical shape,  and is  of a greater or
 less size in individuals. It is formed, especially,
 by the mucous membrane of the velum palati;
 and contains, within it, the azygos uvulas muscle.
 Its use is not clear.
   Also, a small prominence or lobule  in the por-
 tion of the  cerebellum that  forms  the posterior
 boundary of  the fourth ventricle.  It is  on  the
 median line, and behind the nodulus.
   Uvula,  see  Vermiform process inferior — u.
 Decidua, Staphyloedema —u. Relaxata, Staphy-
 loedema—u. A'esicae, see Urinary bladder—u. Ve-
 sical,  see Urinary bladder.
   U'A'ULAR, Uvula'ria, from uvula. That which
 belongs to the uvula.
   Uvular Glands are small follicles, belonging
 to the mucous membrane covering the uvula.
   UA'ULARIA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
   Uvula'ria  Perfolia'ta, Smaller  Bellwort;
 indigenous:  Order, Melanthaceas; flowering in
 May and June. The root, when fresh, is subacrid
 and mucilaginous.  A decoction  of the plant is
 used in sore mouth. It is said to cure the bites
 of rattlesnakes.
   UA'ULI'TIS, a word of hybrid  formation, from
 urula, and itis, denoting inflammation.  Angi'na
 uvula'ris,  Staphyli'tiat  Cioni'tia,  Inflamma'tio
 u'vulg^  (F.) Inflammation  de la  Luette, Foiling
 domi'of  the Palate. Inflammation of the uvula. 
VACCIN                   892               VACCINIUM
V.
  VACCIN, see Vaccina.
  VACCI'NA, Vaccin'ia,  Vari'ola  vaccina,  V.
vaccin'ica, V.  tuto'ria,  V. tutrix, Exanthe'ma vac-
cina, E. antivariolo' sum, Syn'ocha vaccina,  Vac-
ci'ola,  Vacci'ola vera, Vacci'na primig"ena seu
vaccinato'ria seu antivariolo'aa, Vacciola scutel-
la'ta, Vari'ola  tuto'ria,  Cow-pox,  Nine Pock,
Inoc'ulated Cow-pox, Emphly'sia vaccina inser'ta,
fxomvacca, 'a cow;'(F.) Facci'de.   The cow-pox
is a disease of the cow, arising spontaneously,
which, if transmitted to man by means of inocu-
lation, may preserve him from small-pox conta-
gion.   The promulgation  of this valuable  pro-
perty of the vaccine virus  is due to Dr. Jenner.
When  inoculating for  small-pox in Gloucester-
shire, in 1775, he was surprised to  meet with a
number of persons in the same district, on whom
the insertion  of  the  virus produced  no effect,
although  they had never passed  through  the
small-pox.  On investigation, he found that all
these persons  had previously been  affected by a
pustular  eruption  of  the  cow, which they had
taken by  milking the  animal;  and which erup-
tion they called  Cow-pox.  This discovery in-
duced him to institute  experiments, and he found
that such preservative  effect  actually existed.
The Facci'iie Virus, Virus  Vacci'num,  (F.)  Vac-
cin, or the fluid of the eruption, is not now  usu-
ally taken immediately from the cow; experience
having demonstrated, that it is nearly as effica-
cious  when obtained   from the human  vesicle.
The characteristic of cow-pox  eruption  is : — a
semi-transparent, pearl-coloured vesicle, with a
circular or somewhat oval base; its upper  sur-
face, until the end of the 8th day, being more
elevated at the margin than in  the  centre;  and
the  margin  itself  being  turgid,  shining,  and
rounded, so as often to  extend a little over the
line of the base.  This vesicle is filled with clear
lymph; contained in  numerous little  cells, that
communicate with each other.  After the 8th or
9th day from the insertion of the virus, it is sur-
rounded by a bright red,  circumscribed areola,
which varies in  its diameter, in  different cases,
from a quarter of an inch  to two inches;  and is
usually attended with a considerable tumour, and
hardness  of  the adjoining areolar membrane.
This areola declines on the 11th or 12th day; the
surface of the  vesicle then becomes  brown in the
centre; and the fluid in the cells gradually  con-
cretes  into a  hard, rounded scab  or crust,  of a
reddish-brown colour, which  at length becomes
darker, contracted, and dry, but is  not detached
till three  weeks after  vaccination.  It leaves a
permanent, circular cicatrix, about five lines in
diameter,  and a little  depressed;  the surface
being marked with very minute pits or indenta-
tions, denoting the number of cells of which the
vesicle had been composed.  This is the progress
of the  genuine cow-pox.  At times, fever occurs
about the  9th  or 11th  day; but, at others, not the
slightest indisposition is felt.  Aberrations from
this progress occur, which must be attended to;
as the same preservative influence is not exerted
hy irregular  or spurious cow-pox.  If the erup-
tion runs  speedily to a height, has an aureola too
early, is irregular at its edges, and  contains  pus
instead of a limpid fluid, — it cannot at all  be
depended upon.
  Small-pox occurs, at times, as an  epidemic af-
ter vaccination.  For  a while,  the  enthusiastic
advocates of  vaccination  would not admit the
affection to be small-pox; and, accordingly,  they
gave it the name Varioloid.  It is unquestionably
small-pox, but modified, and greatly divested of
its  terrors by  previous  vaccination ;  and  it is
said to happen  less frequently after vaccination
than after small-pox inoculation.  Vaccination is
now practised every where,  except  among those
in whom ignorance and  prejudice exclude the
lights  of reason and  philanthropy.   There ia
ground, however, for the belief, that for full pro-
tection revaccination may be occasionally neces-
sary.
  Vaccina Antivariolosa,  Araccina — v. Primi-
gena, Vaccina—v. Tutoria, A'accina—v. Tutrix,
Vaccina — v. Vaccinatoria, A'accina.
  VACCINAL, Vaccine.
  VACCINA'TION, Vaccina'tio, from vacca, 'a
cow;' Cow-pox  inoculation,  Jenne'rian inocula-
tion.  An operation which consists in inserting
the vaccine virus under the cuticle, so that it may
come in contact with the absorbents.  It is ex-
tremely  simple, and requires  merely that* the
point of the lancet should be  held  under the
cuticle for a short time.  The best  time  for tak-
ing the matter from  the Cow-pox vesicle,  for vac-
cination, is about the 7th or 8th day, before the
appearance of the aureola, when it ought to be
limpid and transparent.   The most certain me-
thod is, to pass it from arm to  arm; but this is
not always convenient;  and,  hence it is taken
upon points or pieces of quill, or between glasses.
It must, of course,  be  softened for use.  This is
done by means of a  little water, which does not
destroy its efficiency.  The scab, too, which falls
off about the end of three weeks—sooner or  later
— is capable of communicating the affection, if
dissolved in water;  and this is the most common
method of transmitting the vaccine virus  in some
countries.
  VACCINATOR, Vac'ciniet, one who inoculates
for the cow-pox.
  VACCINE, Vaccina.
  A'accine, Vacci'nus, Vaccina'lie, (F.) Vaccinal;
same  etymon.   Relating or  appertaining to vac-
cination, as the  'vaccine  vesicle,' 'a vaccine  phy-
sician.'
  VACCINEL'LA.  A term employed by some
to designate spurious cow-pox.— Vaccin'o'ie,  Vac-
ci'ola spu'ria seu lepro'sa.
  VACCINIA, Vaccina—v. Palustris, Vaccinium
oxycoccos.
  VACCINIST, Araceinator.
  VACCINIUM MACROCARPON, see  V.  oxy-
coccos.
  ArACCiN'iuM Myrtil'lus,  Vitis ida'a  myrtil'-
lus.  The Myrtle Berry, Vaccin'ia myrtil'lus, Bil-
berry, Blea-berry, Whortle-berry, Black  Whorts,
Vaccin'ium nigrum,  (F.) Airclle Anguleuse,  Rai-
sin de Boie.  Family, Vaccineas.  <S'ex. Syat. Oc-
tandria Monogynia. The berries — Bucca  Myr-
tillo'rum—are  esteemed to  be antiscorbutic,
when prepared with vinegar.  They are also said
to possess antiseptic and sub-astringent properties
when dried.  They are not used in medicine; but
are frequently eaten with milk and sugar.
  Vaccinium Nigrum, V. myrtillus.
  Vaccinium Oxycoc'cos, Oxycoc'coa, 0. palua'-
tria, Schollera oxycoccos,  Vaccinia palus'tris, Vitis
Ida'a  palua'tria,  Moorberry,  Cranberry,  Mt>88-
berry,  Swamp  liedberry, Sourberry, (F.) Cannc-
berge.   The berries  are pleasantly acid and cool-
ing.  They make an  agreeable preserve.   The
common American Cranberry is from  Vaccinium
macrocarpon. 
                   A'ACCINOIS

  Vaccin'ium  Pinotatum, V.  vitis  idasa —v.
Rcsinosuni, Gaylussacia resinosa.
  Vaccinium  Stamin'eum,  Buckberry,  Squaw
Huckleberry,  Dterberry.   The  leaves of these
plants are astringent.
  Vaccinium A'itis Id.e'a, V. puncta'tum, Vitie
Ida'a puncta'ta,  Red Bilberry,  Am'peloe Ida'a,
Whortleberry, Cowberry, (F.) Airelle ou  Canne-
berge ponctnie.  A decoction of the leaves  has
been used  in calculous  affections.  They are as-
tringent.   The ripe berries are  pleasantly acid,
and refrigerant.  Whortleberriea  are furnished by
different species of A'accinium.
  A'ACCINOIS, Vaccinella.
  VACCTNUS, Vaccine.
  A'ACCIOLA, Vaccina — v.  Leprosa, Vacci-
nella — v.  Scutellata, Vaccina — v. Spuria, Vac-
cinella — v. Arera, A'accina.
  A'ACILLA'TIO, Tituba'tio, from vacillare, 'to
waver.'   Staggering;  waddling—claudica'tio
anat'ica.
  A'acillatio Dentium, Odontoseisis.
   VAGIN, A'agina.
  A' A('• I'NA,  'a sheath,'   Vagi'na mulie'bria
seu uteri'na  seu  U'teri seu Penia, Sinua mulie'-
bria seu Pudo'rie seu Puden'di, Col'ens, Perie,
Perin,  Colpos, Vulvo-uterine  canal,  (F.) Vagin,
A cylindrical  canal,  five  or six inches long;
situate  within  the pelvis,  between  the  bladder
and rectum.  It communicates by one extremity,
Aulos,  with the vulva;  by the  other, with  the
womb, the neck of which it embraces.   The va-
gina is lined, internally, by a mucous  membrane ;
and is  partly closed, in young  females,  by  the
hymen, and  carunculas  myrtiformes. — Around
the mucous membrane is a layer of spongy, erec-
tile tissue; and a cellulo-vascular membrane.  A
constrictor muscle; numerous vessels furnished
by  the vaginal artery, particularly; veins and
nerves, proceeding from  the  sciatic plexus, also,
enter into the composition of the organ.
  The  term A'agina or sheath, Theca, is extended
to many parts, which serve as envelopes to others.
  Sheath, (F.) Gaine,is sometimes applied to  the
fascia  enveloping the limbs; to  areolar mem-
brane,  enveloping the muscles,  and entering  be-
tween  their fibres; to that which  surrounds  the
blood-vessels; to the synovial  membranes sur-
rounding   tendons, and  lining  the  gutters  of
bones,  &c.
  A'agina  Cordis, Pericardium — v. Femoris,
Fascia lata aponeurosis — v.  Funiculi Umbilica-
lis,  see Funiculus  umbilicalis—v. Glissonii, Cap-
sule of Glisson — v. Malleolaris  externa,  Retina-
culum  tendinum perinaeorum — v. Muliebris, A'a-
gina—v. Muscularis, Perimysium—v. Nervorum,
Neurilemma—v. Penis, A'agina—v. Portas, Cap-
sule of Glisson — v. Uterina, Vagina.
  ArAGlNA  of the \rENA Porta, Sheath of the
Vena Porta,  (F.) Gaine de la Veine-porte, is  the
areolar membrane that accompanies the divisions
of the vena porta into the substance of the liver.
  YAGINJE  SYNOVTALES, Bursas mucosae.
  ArAG"INAL, Vagina'lie, from  vagina,  'a
sheath.'—Relating or pertaining to a sheath.
  A'aginal Artery.  This exists, as a matter of
course, only in the female.  It  arises from  the
hypogastric or from the uterine, vesical, internal
pudic,  umbilical, Ac, and sends its branches,
first to the  lateral parts of the vagina, and after-
wards to the anterior and posterior surfaces.
  A'aginal Bil'iary Plexus. A plexus of rami-
fications of the hepatic duct through  the capsule
of Glisson.
  Vaginal Branches of  the A'ena Porta are
those which have to pass through the sheath of
the  capsule of Glisson, previous to entering  the
interlobular spaces.   In this course, they form
'3                VALERIANA

 the  vaginal plexus.   There are,  also, vaginal
 branches, and  a vaginal plexus formed by the
 hepatic artery.
   A'aginal Coat of the Eye, see Eye.
   A'aginal Coat of the Testicle, Tu'nica Va-
 ginalis, T. Elytro'i'des vel Elytro'des, is the se-
 rous membrane which envelops the  testicle.   Be-
 fore the descent of the  testicle, the tunica vagi-
 nalis does not exist  It  is formed by a prolonga-
 tion, furnished by the peritoneum to the testicle
 when  it issues from  the abdomen.   The tunica
 vaginalis forms a close sac, investing the testicle
 and epididymis, without containing them  in its
 cavity, and reflected  so  as to form a bag around
 the circumference of the  testis; hence it is divided
 into Tu'nica vagina'lis pro'pria and Tu'nica va-
 gina'lis reflex'a.  Between  the two layers, the
 inner  surface  is smooth, and  lubricated   by  a
 serous fluid.
   Vaginal Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion.
   Vaginal Plexus, see A'aginal branches of the
 vena porta.
   A'aginal Process of the  Temporal Bone,
 (F.) Apophyse  vaginale  ou engainante, Gaine de
 I'apophyse stylo'ide, Chaton, is a bony crista, which
 embraces the base of the styloid process.
   VAGINITIS, Leucorrhoea (vaginal.)
   VAGISSEMENT, Cry, Vagitus.
   A'AGI'TUS, (F.) Vagissement. The cry of the
 new-born child.  Squalling.
   A'agi'tus Uteri'nus.   The cry of the child in
 utero.
   VAGUS NERVUS, Pneumogastric
   VAIRON (F.), Dispar oc'ulus.  One who has
 eyes of different colours.  It also means a wall-
 eyed animal, or one whose iris is surrounded by a
 whitish circle.
   VAISSEA U,  Vessel — v.  Sanguin, Blood-
 V6SS81
   VAISSEA UX CAPILLAIRES, Capillary ves-
 sels—v. Chyliflres. Chyliferous vessels—v.  Lac-
 tis, Chyliferous vessels — v.  Lactiferes, Lactife-
 rous vessels — v. Ombilicaux, Umbilical vessels.
   VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica.
   VALANTIA APARINE, Galium aparine.
   VALERIAN, AMERICAN,  Cypripedium lu-
 teum,  Valeriana pauciflora — v. Carden, Arale-
 riana phu — v. Greek, Polemonium reptans — v.
 Officinal, Valeriana — v.  AVild, A'aleriana.
   A'ALERIA'NA, I". officina'lis, Wild Vale'rian,
 Valeriana  minor, Offic"inal  Valerian.  Family,
 Dipsaceas.  Sex. Syst. Triandria Monogynia.  The
 root,  Valeria'na, (Ph. U. S.) has been  long ex-
 tolled  as an efficacious remedy in  epilepsy, and
 in a variety of nervous complaints.   It has  been
 also advised as a  tonic, antispasmodic, and em-
 menagogue.  It has a strong, fetid odour;  bit-
 terish, subacrid, and warm taste ; and its virtues
 are extracted by water and alcohol.
   Valeriana  Capen'sis, a  South  African spe-
 cies, has similar virtues.
   Valeriana Celt'ica, V. Saxat'ilis, CelticNard,
 Spica  Cel'tica, S. Alpi'na, Nardus  Cel'tica, Sa-
 liun'ca, Nardum Gall'icum, Spica Cel'tica  Dios-
 cor'idis, (F.) Nard Celtique.   The  roots of this
 Alpine plant have  been recommended as a sto-
 machic, carminative and diuretic.  It has a mo-
 derately strong smell, and a warm, bitterish, sub-
 acrid taste.
   Valeriana Denta'ta, V. locus'ta, Corn Salad.
 A wholesome,  succulent plant, cultivated in Eu-
 rope as  a  salad.  It is antiscorbutic and gently
 aperient.
   Valeriana  Major, A', phu—v. Locusta, V.
 dentata — v.  Minor,  A'aleriana — v. Officinalis,
 A'aleriana.
   A'aleriana  Pauciflo'ra,  American  Vale'-
 rtan, has the properties of the other A'alerians.
8! 
VALERTANE
891
VARICELLA
  Valeriana Pnu, V. major, Garden Valerian,
(F.) Grand Valeriane.  The root has been  re-
commended in rheumatism; especially in sciatica,
and in epilepsy.
  Valeriana Saxatilis, V. celtica.
   VALERIANE GRAND, A'aleriana phu.
   VALET  A PAT IN  (F.), Voleel'la Pati'ni.
The common ligature forceps is a modification of
^his instrument invented by one Patin.  It con-
sists of two branches, united at the middle by a
hinge, which may be separated or approximated
by means of a screw or running ring.   It is used
for seizing hold of vessels that are to  be tied.
  VALETUDINARIUM, Hospital.
   ArALETUDINARIUS, Sickly, Valetudinary.
   VALETU'DINARY, Valetudinarian, Valetu-
dina'rius, Inval'idus, from valetudo, ' health.' —
One of delicate health.  One subject  to frequent
diseases.   An Invalid.
   ArALETUDO,  Sanitas—v. Adversa, Disease—
v. Bona, Sanitas — v. Commoda, Sanitas — v. Se-
eunda, Sanitas.
   ArALGUS, see Kyllosis
   A'ALIGA, Tinctura jalapii.
   ArALITUDO, Sanitas.
   \rALLECULA, Valley.
   VALLEA', Vallec'ula, (F.) Grand Scieeure  Mi-
diane du Cervelet.  The deep fissure on the infe-
rior part of the cerebellum, which divides it  into
two symmetrical portions.
   VALLUM.   The eyebrow  or supercilium.
Also,  a species of bandage.—Galen.
   VALS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A French
acidulous  chalybeate at  Vals, six  leagues from
Viviers, in the  department  of Ardeche.   There
are five springs, containing carbonic acid,  sul-
phate of iron, and alum.  They are employed in
passive hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, <fec
    A^ALA'E, VaVr.ula, Diclis, (F.)  Valvule, from
 valva, ' folding-doors,' itself from volvo, ' I fold
 up.'   A small door.  Any membrane or duplica-
 ture of a membrane, which prevents a reflux of
 humours or other  matters  in  the vessels  and
 canals of the animal body.   There are some
 valves, whose functions appear to be,— to retard-
 or to modify the course of substances along canals,
 <fec   See  mitral, sigmoid,  tricuspid, ileo-ccecal
 valve, &c.
    Valve of Fallopius, Bauhin, valve of—v.
 Ileo-ccecal, Bauhin, valve of—v. Ileo-colic, Bau-
 hin, valve of—v. of Tulpius, Bauhin, valve of—v.
 of Varolius, Bauhin, valve of
    VALA'ES, SEMILUNAR, Sigmoid valves.
    VALVULA, A'alve—v. Casci, Bauhin, valve of
 —v.  Cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii—v. Coli,  Bau-
 hin, valve of—v. Foraminis ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa
 —v.  Guiffartiana,  see  Thebesius, veins  of— v.
 Ilei,  Bauhin, valve of—v. Magna  Cerebri, V.
 Vieussenii.
    A'alvula  Semilunaris, Plica Semiluna'ris,
 Membran'nia semiluna'ris  conjuncti'va,  Plica lu-
 na'ta.  A small doubling of the tunica conjunc-
 tiva, which lies between the caruncula  lacryma-
 lis and  the  ball  of the eye.  In birds,  this is
 large, and called Membra'na nic'titane vel Pal'-
  pebra ter'tict.
    A'alvula  Tarini, Velum medullare  posterius
 — v. Thebesii, see Thebesius,  veins  of—v. Va-
  ginas, Hymen — v. ATenae magnae, see Thebesius,
  valve of.
    Valvula Viuesse'nti, Velum Vieussenii,  Val'-
  vula cerebel'li seu Willisia'na seu magna cer'ebri,
   Velum interjec'tnm  cerebelli, V. apoph'ysi vermi-
  formi obtentum, Lacu'nar ventric'uli quart! supe-
  rior, Velum  medulla're  seu medulla're anti'cum
  Pin  anterius,  (F.) Valvule de  Vienssens,  Voile
  medullaire supirieurc.  A thin, medullary lamina,
over the under end of the Aiiuasduetus Sylvii and
upper part of the fourth ventricle.  At the sides
of the valves are two  medullary tracts,  called
Procce8'it8 ad Teatea, Colum'na Val'rula  1'i'tns-
senii, or Oblique intercer'ebral Coni'mieenrc,
  A'alvula AVillisiana, A'alvula A'ieussenii.
  ArALA'UL,E  BICUSPIDALES, Mitral valves.
  A'alvula:  Connivkn'tes.  Numerous circular
folds in the intestinal canal  from the pyloric ori-
fice through the greater part of the small intes-
tine.   They are folds of the mucous membrane ;
and their chief use  appears to be, to retard the
course of  the alimentary  mass, and to afford a
larger surface for the origin of chyliferous vessels.
  Valvule  Cordis, Ostiola  cordis — v.  Cordis
mitrales, Mitral valves — v. Triglochines, Tricus-
pid valves — v. Trisulcas,  Tricuspid valves.
   VAL VULE, Valve—v. d'Eustache, Eustachian
valve—v. de Pylore, see Pylorus—v. de Vienssens,
Valvula Arieussenii.
   VALVULES,  V. Episcopalea, Mitral valves —
v. Sigmo'idee ou Semilunoirea, Sigmoid valves.
  VANELLOE, Vanilla.
  VANIL'LA, Bonil-'ia, Banilaa, Bonilloea, Ba-
nilla,  Benzo'enil, Ar'acua aromat'icus,  (F.) Va-
nille, Baume de Vanille.  The Vanelloe—Sil'iqua
vanill'a seu Banill'a seu Vaniglia seu vanillia
sen Ar'aci aromat'ici — is a long, flatfish  pod;
containing, under a wrinkled, brittle shell, a red-
dish-brown pulp, with small, shining, black seeds.
The parasitic plant which affords this pod is the
Epiden'drum  Vanilla,  Vanill'a aromat'ica seu
Mexica'na,  Family, Orchidew.   Sex. Syst. Gy-
nandria Monandria. A7anelloes have an unctuous,
aromatic taste, and a fragrant  smell, like that of
some of the finer balsams, heightened with musk.
Although chiefly used  as perfumes, they are re-
puted to possess aphrodisiac virtues.
   A'anilla Aromatica, see Aranilla.
    YAPEURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria.
   VAPORA'RIUM, Atmiste'rion,  Laeon'icum,
 Py'ria,  Pyriate'rium,  Vapour bath.   A useful
 remedy in  rheumatic and  cutaneous  affections;
 and wherever it  is  important to relax the cuta-
 neous capillaries.  In the Russian Vapour Bath,
 the vapour is  produced  by throwing water over
 hot stones.  Its temperature is from 122° to 1-45°.
    Vaporarium, Hypocaustum, see Stove.
    VAPORATIO, Evaporation.
    VAPORES UTERINI, Hysteria.
    VAPOUR, Flatulence—v. Bath, \raporarium.
    VAPOURISH, Hypochondriac, Hysterical.
    A'APOUROUS, "Windy.
    ArAPOURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria.
    ArAPOURY, Hypochondriacal, Hysterical.
    ArARA, Barre.
    VAREC, Kelp — v. Visiculeux, Fucus vesicu-
  losa.
    A'ARENI, Ambulo-flatulentus,  Gout (wander-
  ing.)
    VARICE, Varix.
    A'ARICELL'A, (diminutive of Variola,  Small-
  pox,) Em'phly8is varicella, Exanthe'ma varicella,
  Syn'ochus varicella, Chicken pox, Variola lym-
  phat'ica, V. apu'ria,  V. eylves'tris, Variola  no-
  tha, V. illegit'ima, Peeudo-voriola, V. volat'ica,
  V. pucella, jEoll'ion, ^Eol'lium, (F.) Varicclle,
  Petite virole  volonte, Virolette.  A disease cha-
  racterized by vesicles scattered  over the body,
  which are  glabrous, transparent, and about  the
  size  of peas.   They appear in successive crops,
  are  covered by  a thin  pellicle,  and, about  the
  third, fourth, or fifth  day from  their appearance,
  burst at the top, and  concrete into  small, puck-
  ered scabs, which rarely leave a pit in the skin.
  Three varieties have, sometimes, been designated.
  1. The  V. lentiformee, or  lenticular chicken j,ox 
VARICIFORMES
895
VARIOLOID
which  are irregularly circular, and flattened on
the top; the fluid being at first whitish, and af-
terwards  straw-coloured.   This  is the common
chicken pox.  2. The Varicella conifor'mie,  Co-
noi'dol Chicken Pox, Pcm'phigue variolo'dee, Va-
riola lymphat'ica, 11 ydrach!nie, Swine Pox, Water
Pox,  Water Jags, in  which  the  vesicles  are
generally  acuminated,  and the  fluid  pellucid
throughout; and,  3dly, the Varicel'la globula'-
rie or Hivee, in which  the vesicles are globular
and larger ;  the  fluid being, at first,  whey-
coloured, and afterwards yellowish.  These divi-
sions  are, however, very arbitrary, for they are
generally confounded.
   A'ariola has been, sometimes, mistaken for this
disease, and conversely.  A little  attention to the
history of the  eruption in the two affections will
prevent error.   Varicella  is not contagious.  At
times,  it  prevails  epidemically.   It cannot be
propagated  by inoculation.   The  treatment is
extremely simple;  rest, abstinence, and  the an-
tiphlogistic  regimen, being all that is generally
required.
   Varicella Varioloidea, Varioloid.
   VARICIFOR'MES PARAS'TATA.   A name
 given, by some authors, to the ducts of the epi-
 didymis, because they seem knotty and varicose.
   VARICOBLEPH'ARON, from varix, and f3Xe-
 tpapov, 'eyelid.'  A varicose tumour of the eyelid.
   VARICOCE'LE, from  varix, and nnXn, ' a tu-
 mour;'  Oecheoce'le varico'aa,  Her'nia varico'ea,
 Ramex  varico'ene,  Spermatocele, Cireocele.  A
 varicose  dilatation of the veins of the scrotum
 and spermatic  cord.  This latter variety  of the
 disease is more common on the left side than the
 right.   It appears  under the form of  a soft,
 doughy,  unequal,  knotty, compressible,  and in-
 dolent tumour; situate in the course of the cord,
 and increasing from below upwards.  It is  less
 when the individual  is in  the recumbent posture,
 and increases when he is erect.  It is, ordinarily,
 an affection of no  moment, and is very common,
 requiring merely the use of a proper suspensory
 bandage.   It has  been  advised, in bad cases, to
 tie the enlarged vein, but the operation is not free
 from danger induced by phlebitis. Sir A.  Cooper
 has proposed the removal  of a portion of the scro-
 tum, so as to render the remainder of the scrotum
 a natural bandage.  This plan  has been  found
 effectual.
   ArARICOM'PHALUS, from varix, and outpaXos,
 'the umbilicus.'  A'aricose tumour of the umbili-
 cus ; cirsomphalus.
   A'AR'ICOSE,  Varico'eue,  (F.)  Variqueux.
 Affected  with varix;  or  belonging to,  or con-
 nected with, varix; — as  a varicose rein, a, vari-
 cose ulcer, that is,  one kept up by varices.
   VARICOSITAS  CONJUNCTTV.E,  Cirsoph-
 thahnia.
   A'ARICULA, Varix parva.  A diminutive of
 varix.  Also, a varicose swelling of the veins of
 the tunica conjunctiva.— M. A. Severinus.
   A'ARI'OLA, Variola, V. vera, Varioli,  Small-
 Pox,  Empye'sis Variola,  Euphlog"ia,  Chaspe,
 JEolec'thyma,  Pox (N. of England), Pestis vari-
 ola'ea, Febrie  variola'ea; from variue, 'spotted,'
 or from van',  'pimples;'  (F.) Variole, Petit Vi-
 role,  Picote.  A disease,  now of  somewhat less
 interest than before  the discovery of vaccination.
 It is of a very contagious  nature, and is supposed
 to have been introduced into Europe from Asia,
 at an early period  of the middle ages.  It is cha-
 racterized by fever, with pustules, appearing from
 the third to the fifth day, and suppurating from
 the eighth to  the  tenth, and it possesses  all the
 distinctive properties of the major exanthemata.
 It is  capable  of being  produced by inoculation,
but this  inoculated small-pox — Vari'ola inser'tn
— communicates the  disease as readily through
the air as the natural small-pox, or that received
without inoculation.
   Small-pox is distinguished  into, two classes,
according to the character of  the  eruption, the
discrete or distinct, and the confluent.  1. In A'a-
riola Discre'ta, Empyeai8 variola diecreta, Va-
riola discreta  benig'na,  Variola  regulares sen
discreta,  Distinct  Small-pox,  the pustules are
usually of the  size of peas; distinct,  distended,
and circular ; the  intervening  spaces being red ;
the  fever inflammatory throughout, and ceasing
when the eruption  is complete.  2. In A'ariola
Con'fluens, Empyesis variola confluens, Variola
regula'res confluen'tes, Vesic'ula Diva Bar'bara,
 Visicules de Sainte-Barbe or  Confluent Small-
pox, the pustules are confluent, or run together;
flaccid and  irregularly circumscribed; the  inter-
vening spaces being pale, and the  accompanying
fever typhoid.   In  children,  diarrhoea, and, in
adults, ptyalism, with swelling of  the  hands and
feet, generally  appear, towards the period  of the
eec'ondary fever, which occurs  from the tenth to
the  thirteenth day.   The fever that precedes and
accompanies the eruption is called the Eruptive
fever.  The prognosis is  favourable in the dis-
tinct kind, if properly managed.  The confluent
is always  dangerous, — the unfavourable  symp-
toms being — flattening  of the pustules, or subsi-
dence of the eruption ;  the breathing becoming
much  obstructed or  oppressed; or marks  of in-
flammatory and congestive affections oecurring in
the  different viscera.   The  treatment of the dis-
tinct kind is very simple: the  antiphlogistic re-
gimen, with cathartics,»being  all  that is  neces-
sary.   The  confluent  kind requires the  same
management as typhus fever.
   AVhen the pimples  are confluent in patches, the
patches, being, however, separated by intervals
of unaffected skin; it constitutes  the clustered,
coherent, or corymbose variety — Vari'ola corym-
bo'aa.
   Variola Amboinensis, Framboesia—v. Corym-
bosa, see A'ariola—v. Inserta, A'ariola (by  inocu-
lation)— v. Lymphatica, A'aricella—v. Mitigata,
A'arioloid.
   ArARi'oLA sine  Atari'olis,  Variolous  Fever.
These terms are applied to cases occasionally ob-
served during the prevalence of variola, in whieh
the  constitutional phenomena are present without
the  cutaneous eruption.
   A'ariola Spuria,  A'aricella—v. Vaccina, A'ac-
cina—v. A'aecinatorum,  A'arioloid.
   A'ARIOLJE, A'ariola—v. Equinae, see Grease—
v. Illegitimas,  A'aricella—v. Modificatae,  A'ario-
loid—v. Nothae, A'aricella—v. Pucellas, A'aricella
— v. Sylvestris, A'aricella — v. Tutoriae, A'accina
—v. A"eras, A'ariola—v. A'olaticas,  A'aricella.
   A'ARIOLATION,  Inoculation (Small-pox.)
   VARIOLE, A'ariola.
   A'ARIOLL A'ariola.
   A'ARTOLOID,   Variolo'is, Varioloi'des,  Vari'-
 ola  modifica'ta, V.  mitiga'ta,  V.  vaccinato'rum,
 Varicel'la, Varioloidea, from variola, small-pox,
 and eiios, 'form,' — resembling small-pox.  This
 is, really, small-pox, modified by previous  inocu-
 lation or  vaccination ;  and hence it has been
 properly called modified small-pox.  That it is
 small-pox  is  proved  by the fact,  that matter,
 taken from a varioloid pustule, will communicate
 small-pox to one who has never had it naturally.
 or by inoculation, or who has  never been vacci-
 nated.   It is.  almost always,  a  milder disease
 than small-pox ; and this  circumstance, with its
 shorter  duration, exhibits the  salutary effects of
 previous vaccination or  inoculation.   It has ap
 peared epidemically. 
VARIOLOIS
VEIN
  VARIOLOIS, Varioloid.
  VARIQUEUN, A'aricose.
  A'ARIX, Phlebeurya'ma, Phlebec'tasis, Her'nia
Beu Ecta'sia vena'rum, Angiecta'aia veno'sa, Ix'ia,
Cirsus,  Cedmg, Var'icose  Vein,  (F.)  Parice, is
oonsidered, by some, to come from the verb vo-
riare, 'to turn,' to twist,' — on  account of the
sinuosities  of varicose veins.   Dilatation of a
vein.  A7arices  are owing to local retardation of
the venous  circulation; and, in  some cases, to
relaxation of the parietes of the veins.   They are
very common in the superficial veins of the lower
limbs, especially of pregnant females.  The tu-
mour or tumours, formed  by varices, are soft,
knotty,  unequal, indolent,  and  livid; without
pulsation, and yielding readily to the  impression
of the finger; but returning as soon as the com-
pression is  discontinued.   Sometimes, the vein
bursts and gives rise to hemorrhage.   The treat-
ment is usually palliative, and consists in  exert-
ing a uniform  and constant pressure upon the
part Dy means of an appropriate bandage.  The
radical  cure has, also, been obtained by extirpa-
tion, division of the vein, or ligature.  The  second
course is apt to be followed by phlebitis.
  VAROLI, BRIDGE OF, Pons Varolii.
  VARUS, Acne, Ionthus, see Kyllosis—v. Men-
tagra, Sycosis.
  VAS, Vessel, Penis—v. Deferens mulieris, Tuba
Fallopiana—v. Urinarium,  Ureter.
  VASA  ABSORBENTIA, Absorbent vessels —
V. Capillaria, Capillary vessels.
  Vasa Chvlopoiet'ica  Urinif'era.    Blood-
vessels, which, according to Lippi, convey drinks
from the chyliferous vessels to the renal veins.
  Vasa Efferentia, see Efferent—v. Exhalan-
tia, Exhalant vessels—v. Hydragoga,  Lymphatic
vessels — v. Lactea,  Chyliferous  vessels, Lactife-
reus vessels—v.  Meningea, Meningeal vessels —
v. Sedalia, Hasmorrhoidal  vessels — v. Lympha-
tica, Lymphatic vessels—v. Nutritia, ATasa vaso-
rum—v. Recta, see Rete testis—v. Resorbentia,
Absorbent vessels, Lymphatic vessels.
   Vasa Vaso'rimii,  V. nutrW'ia.  Small  vessels
that supply larger.  However minutely a vessel
is traced, its parietes will.be found supplied with
blood for its nutrition by a smaller vessel.
   Vasa Vortico'sa, (F.)  Tourbillon  vasculaire.
The contorted  vessels which creep on  the choroid
coat of the eye ;  ciliary veins.
   VASCOA AMPLEXICAU'LIS.  A South Af-
rican shrub, Nat. Ord. Leguminosae, the roots of
which  taste like  liquorice.  They are used, in
decoction, in catarrh and  phtisis, and are a good
substitute for liquorice.
   VAS'CULAR,  Va8cula'rie,   Vasculo'eue, An-
f/ei'al. from vas, ' a vessel.'  That which belongs
or relates  to vessels ; — arterial, venous, or lym-
phatic ; but generally restricted to blood-vessels
only.   Full of vessels.  Bichat gave the name
 Vascular system to the blood-vessels,  and of this
 he made two divisions.  1. The Arterial-system,
 or System of red blood, (F.) Systeme vaacnlaire d
 sang rouge, which commences with the radicles
 of the pulmonary veins; and includes the pulmo-
 nary veins, the left cavities of the heart  and the
 aorta  with all its ramifications.  The blood,  in
 this system, is distributed to the general capillary
 system, where it loses its arterial quality  and be-
 comes  venous.  2. The Fe77ous  ayatem or Fascn-
 lar eyatem of black blood, (F.) Syateme vasculaire
 d sang noir, carries the blood from every part of
 the system to the lungs.  It takes its origin  in
 the general capillary system ;  continues in  the
 veins,  right auricle, and  ventricle of the heart
 and the pulmonary artery and  its branches, and
 is finally lost in the capillary system of the lungs.
 See Circulation.
  A'ascular Layer, see Tache embryonnaire —
v. Radicals, Radical vessels—v. Substance of the
Kidney,  see  Kidney — v. System, intermediate,
Capillary system — v. System, peripheral, Capil-
lary system.— v. Tumour, see Hasmorrhois.
  VASCULARITY.   The state of being vascu-
lar, or largely supplied with vessels.
  ArASCULUM, Penis, Aressel.
  A'as'culum Aber'rans, Appendix to the Epi-
didymis.  A small convoluted duct, of variable
length, generally connected with  the duct of the
epididymis, immediately  before the commence-
ment of  the vas deferens.
   VASE A SARINER, Cup.
  A'ASTUS. That which is vast or has a great
extent
  ArisTUS  Externus and A^astus Internus are
two considerable, fleshy masses, which form part
of the Triceps cruris.
  ArASUM, Vessel.
  VATERIA INDICA, see Copal.
  ArATICINIUM  CHIROMANTICUM,  Chiro-
mancy.
  A'AULT, (old F. Votilte,) 'a round or turn;'
from volvere, volutum, 'to  turn;' Fornix, Cam'era,
(F.)  Voute.  A  name given by anatomists  to
several parts which are rounded superiorly; con-
cave and arched inferiorly,—as the Vault of the
cranium  or the upper part of the skull,—thePa-
latine vault or roof of the mouth,  Ac, <fcc.
  VAUQUELINE, Strychnina.
  VEAL TEA.   This may be  made in the same
manner  as beef tea, by using a pound  of fillet of
veal, free from fat  and sliced,  and a pint and a
half of boiling water; and boiling for half  an
hour.  It may also be made with the same quan-
tity of the fleshy part of a knuckle of veal.
  VECORDIA, Idiotism.
  A'ECTIS, Lever—v. Elevatorius, Elevator—v.
Triploides, Elevator, triploid.
  A^EGETARIAN, see Vegetarianism.
  ArEGETA'RIANISM.  Same etymon as Vege-
tation.  A modern term, employed to  designate
the view, that  man, for his full  mental and cor-
poreal developement, ought to subsist on the di-
rect productions of the vegetable kingdom, and
totally abstain from flesh and blood. An embracer
and practiser of this doctrine  is called a vegeta-
 rian.    _,
    VEGETATIF,  Vegetative.
   VEGETA'TION, Vegeta'tio, 'growing  like a
 riant,' from vigeo, ' I flourish.'  A morbid part,
 which rises  as an  excrescence in syphilis, (te-
 as  the Cauliflower excrescence, <fcc  The term is
 also applied to the fleshy granulations or Hyper-
 sorcoses, which  sometimes arise  at the surfaces
 of wounds or ulcers.
   VEC'ETATIVE, Vegetati'vus, (F.) Vigitatif,
 same etymon  as the  last.  Having  relation to
 growth  or nutrition; hence, the  vegetative or nu-
 tritive functions.
   Vegetative Layer, see Tache embryonnaire.
   VEGETATIVUS, Vegetative.
   ArE'HICLE, Vehic'ulum, Oche'ma, Constit'uens,
 (F.) Vihicule,  from vehere, 'to carry.'  Anything
 which serves to carry;  thus air is the vehicle of
 sound;  the arteries are the vehiclee of the blood,
 &c.  In Pharmacy, the  name vehicle is given to
 any excipient; or to substances which serve as
 the media of administration for  any medicine.
    VEHICULE, Vehicle.
    A'EILED PUFF, see  Cavernous respiration.
    A' EIN, Vena, diminutive ven'ula, Phlebe, Phleps,
  (F.) Veine.  The veins are vessels for the convey-
  ance of black blood from  every part of the body
  to the heart.   They are found wherever there are
  arteries, and,  altogether, form the venous system, 
VEIN
which may he  subdivided into two distinct se-
condary systems.  1. The General venoue ayetem,
which commences  in  all the  organs,  by  very
minute radicles; and terminates in  the heart by
the vena cava  and  the  coronary vein.  2. The
Abdominal venoue  system, which is limited to the
abdominal cavity; commences, also, by a great
number of branches, and terminates in  the liver
by a single trunk, which subdivides in that organ.
It is called, also, the Syetem of the Vena  Porta,
or the Portal System.  See Porta.  The veins form
two sets, one deep-eeuted,  Vena eatel'litee, V. con-
corn'ites, which accompany the arteries; the other
superficial or subcutaneous. Their parietes, which
are thinner than those of the arteries, are com-
posed of two  coats; the one, external, loose, ex-
tensible, and with  parallel, longitudinal fibres —
the proper membrane; the other, the common or
inner membrane, which is thin, polished, and has
numerous duplicatures or folds forming parabolic
valves.  These  valves  are most numerous in the
veins of the lower  extremities.  The coats of the
veins are supplied  with small arteries or vasa va-
sorum, veins, and lymphatics.   They have not as
many nervous filaments  as the arteries.  These
filaments are from  the  great sympathetic.


           TABLE OF THE VEINS.
   1. VEINS WHICH FORM  THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA.
897               VELAMENTUM

    . Vena Azygos, which receives $ 1 ?'Sht Bronchial.
     the
07 .Q
    Receives the     5 '• Potior ulnar.
l.Basilicformedofthe) %' ^"tler'0rhuln,i?r-
                    ( 3. Median  basilic.
1. Superficial radial.
2. Median cephalic.
«S
        I
  2. Right
3. Inferior
  between
2.Cephalic,forming the
3. Circumflex veins.
4. Inferior scapular.
5. Long thoracic.
6. Superior thoracic.
7. Acromial  veins.
                  (\. Pterygoid.
                   2. S|iheno-palatine.
   Receives the    | 3. Alveolar.
1. Internal maxilla-^ 4. Infra-orbitar.
  ry, composed of the I 5/ Mental.
                  | fi. Inferior dental.
                  [7. Deep temporal.
n  ci   „-«„-„i t>.__f 1- Middle temporal.
   ITJ  c«l™Z ) 2- Anterior auricular*.
   poral  composed^  Transverse of tne
   ofthe          (   face.
3. Posterior  Auricular.   The trunk then
  takes the name of External Jugular, and
  in its course along the neck, receives —
4. Cervical cutaneous.
5. Trachelo.scapular, &c.
      Receives
I. Superior Cerebral Veins,
2. Veins of the Corpus Striatum.
3. Veins of the Choroid plexus.
4. Superior Cerebellar Veins.
5. Inferior Cerebellar Veins.
6. Lateral and inferior Cerebral Veins.
                  1. Lachrymal.
                  2. Central of the retina.
                  3.  Infra-orbitar.
                  4.  Ciliary.
                  5. Ethmoidal.
                  b\ Palpebral,  and
                 [7.  Nasal Veins.
                 "1.  Palpebral   and
                  2.  Superciliary Veins.
                  3.  Dorsals of the nose.

                  AI.  SuperiorS ^Tof
                  5.  Inferior )   (he ,jp

                  6.  Several Buccal and
                  7.  Masseteric Veins.
                  8.  Ranine,
                 | 9.  Submental, and
                 (10.  Inferior Palatine.
 9. Lingual and Pharyngeal  A'eins.
10. Superior  thyroid.
11. Occipital, and
12. A'eins of the Diploe.
Internal Mammary Vein.
Thymid Vein, opening into the A'enaCava,
the two Suhclavians.
7.0phthalmicViin,
  composed of the
. Facial Vein,
 called angular,
 near the eye, re-
 ceiving the
A 1. Right Bronchia!
'< 2. Intercostal Veil
 ( 3. Scmi-azygos.
 VEINS WHICH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA. CAVA.
          f]. Femoral
          I or  Crural,
           which  is  a
           continua-
          | tion of the
                                 (I. Several
                         External  abdominal
Iliacs.form-' ing  by  3.1  Saphena  veins.
           veins which I  and     | 2. Circum-
           accompany J.2. lnternal<(   fliw Iliac,
          j tion of the
Receive the  2. Popliteal, "|
1. External J conimenc-   I l.J
ed by the—
2.   Internal
 lliacs whichl  "!"
 receive     > -
 the —
2.  Sacro-lateral
  Veins.
r,in.LAl
ide, J2  D
Abdominal branch.
  orsal branch.
                the   fibular   Saphena, j  and
                arteries,and   which re-  S.External
                receiving     ceive—   |  pudic
                the—     J           [  veins.
                fl.  Vesical   Veins. ^-Dorfl veins
                                . /   of the penis
                  commencing wuhj  0f the male.
                                  1 2. Veinsofthe
                                      clitoris,  in
                                   [   the female.
    3, Middle Sacral Vein.
    4. Lumbar Veins—four
      number  on  each
      commencing by an
                        t 1.  Spermatic plexus  in
    5.  Spermatic  A'eins, )  the male.
     commencing with the 1 2.  Ovarium,   Fallopian
                        (  tube. &;c. in the  female.
     6. Renal Veins.
     7. Capsular and Adipose A'eins.
     8. Hepatic Veins.
     9.  Middle,  1
    10. Left, and \Hepatic Veins.
    11. Right   S
   112.  Inferior Diaphragmatic Veins, two in number.

              3. VEINS OF THE HEART.
1. Great right Coronary.
2. Small right Coronary.
3. Left Coronary Veins.

       4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA rORT«.
               [■Receives the
                1.  Veins which correspond  to the
                  vasa  brevia.
1  SnlenicVein  ] 2" Ri«nt aml left gastro-epiploic.
1. feplenicvein.^g Duodenal, and
                4. Pancreatic veins.
               ! 5. Coronary Vein ofthe Stomach.and
               [ 6. Small, mesenteric vein.
2, Superior Mesenteric Vein.

   Vein, Bronchial, Left, see Azygos—v. Demi-
azygous, see Azygos—v. Frontal,  see Facial vein
—v. Semi-azygous,  see Azygos, (vena) — v. Su-
perior intercostal, left,  see Azygos—v. Tibio-mal-
leolar,  Saphena, great — v.  Palato-labial,  Facial
vein—v. Peroneo-malleolar, Saphena minor—v.
Arnrieose, Varix.
   VEINE, Arein—v. Cave, Cava vena—r. Cipha-
lique, Jugular vein,  internal — v. Ciphalique dn
pouce, Cephalic vein of the thumb — v. Cubitale
cutanie, Basilic vein—r. Fessiere^.  Gluteal vein —
v. de Medine, Dracunculus—v.  Porte, Porta \ "ii.i
v. Prilombo-thoracique, Azygos, (vena) — v. Pri-
parate, Cephalic vein — v. Radiate cutanie, Ce-
phalic vein—v. Sane paire, Azygos, vein—v. Tra-
chilo-eoii8-ciitanie, Jugular vein, external.
   VEINES ARTERIELLES, Arterial veins —
v. Ciliaires. Ciliary veins—v. Sous-eluvieres, Sub-
clavian vein?—r. Sus-hi'jmtiquea, Hepatic veins.
   A'EINS, CORONARY, Cardiac veins—v. Intra-
lobular, Hepatic veins—v.  Supra-hepatic, Hepatic
veins.
   VEINSTONE, Phlebolite.
   VELAMEN NATIVUM, Integument.
  A'ELAMENTA BOMBYCIXA, A'illous  mem-
branes— v.  Cerebralia, Meninges — v. Infantis.
Membranes ofthe foetus.
  A'ELAMENTUM ABDOMTNALE,Peritonamm
—v. Corporis commune, Integument—v. Nativum,
Integument. 
VELAR
S9S
VENTER
   VELAR, Erysimum.
  VELLICATION, Tic.
  VELOSYNTHESIS, Staphylorraphy.
  A'ELUM, A'elum pendulum palati—v. Apophysi
vermiformi obtentuin, A'alvula A'ieussenii—v. In-
terjectum  cerebelli, Valvula A'ieussenii — v. Me-
dullare anticum, Valvula A'ieussenii.
  Velum Medulla're Inferius, (F.) Foi7e mi-
dullaire infirieur.  A  name  given, by Reil, to
the medullary band or strip, by which the cere-
bellum communicates with the medulla.
  Velum Medulla're Poste'rius seu Posti'cus
seu Semiluna're, Val'vula Tari'ni.   The small
posterior valve of the cerebellum ; a thin  medul-
lary plate, situate between the medulla oblongata
and vermis inferior, in  front of the nodulus.
  Velum  Palati, Velum pendulum  palati — v.
Palatinum, Arelum pendulum palati.
  A'f.lum  Pen'dulum  Pala'ti, 'Pendulous veil
of the palate.'  Velum, Velum Palati'num, Velum
Palati,  Velum Pen'dulum,  Velum Staphyli'nnm,
Pala'tum pen'dulum, Pen'dulum pala'ti, Clauetrum
Palati,  Soft Palate, Palatum Molle, (F.)  Septum
Staphylin (Ch.),  Fo?7e du Palaie.  A moveable,
soft, and broad septum, attached to the posterior
extremity of the palatine arch, and separating the
mouth from  the  pharynx.  Its form is nearly
quadrilateral.   Its  anterior eurface corresponds
to the mouth; the posterior to the pharynx.  Its
superior edge is fixed  to the palatine arch; the
inferior is free, floating, and has an appendix at
its  middle — the  uvula.  The lateral margins of
the velum are held down by two folds, separated
from each other by a triangular space; these are
called the pillare; the anterior passes  to the base
of the tongue, the posterior to the sides of the
pharynx.  The velum palati is formed of a, mu-
cous coat, which contains numerous follicles, and
of a muscular stratum, in which are  the perista-
phylini interni and p. externi muscles, the glosso-
staphylini, the pharyngo-staphylini and  the pa-
lato-staphylinus.  The arteries of the velum palati
are furnished by the internal maxillary, the labial
and the superior pharyngeal.  Its veins open into
the internal jugular. Its nerves are sent off from
the ganglion  of Meckel, and come from the pala-
tine branches.   The glosso-pharyngeal nerve,
likewise, sends it some filaments.
   Velum Staphvmnum, Velum pendulum palati
—v. A'ieussenii, Valvula Vieussenii.
   VELVET LEAF, Pareira.
   ArENA, Vein, Penis—v. Alba renum, Ureter—
v. Alba thoracis,  Thoracic duct — v. Apoplectica,
Jugular vein, internal—v. Arteriosa, Porta vena,
Pulmonary artery—:v.  Capitis, Cephalic vein—v.
Cava, Cava vena—v. Cubiti interior, Basilic vein
—v. Demiazygos, see Azygos—v. Falcis  cerebri,
Sinus longitudinal inferior — v. Hemiazyga,  see
Azygos—v. Lactea, Porta vena—v. Magna, Porta
vena—v.  Medina Arabum, Dracunculus—v. Me-
dinensis, Dracunculus—v. Ostiaria, Porta vena—
v. Pari carens, Azygos, (vena)—v. Portalis, Porta
vena — v. portarum, Porta vena — v. ad Portas,
Porta vena—v. quae ad Portas est, Porta vena —
v. Ramalis, Porta  vena — v.  sine Pari,  Azygos,
(vena)—v. Stelechiaea, Porta vena—v. Subalaris,
Vena axillaris—v. Terminalis, Circulus venosus.
   VEN.E APOPLECTKLE, Jugular veins—v.
 Cava? hepatis, Hepatic veins—v. Centrales, Intra-
lobular veins—v. Concomites, see Vein—v. Galeni,
 Choroid,  (veins)—v. Innominata?, see Innomina-
 tum— v. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins — v.
 Lactea?,  Chyliferous vessels — v.  Lymphaticae,
 Lymphatic vessels — v.  Micantes, (arteries,) see
 Aitery — v.  Pulsatiles, (arteries,) see Artery—v.
 Satellites, see Vein—v. Soporales, Jugular veins
 —v. Sphagitides, Jugular veins.
  VEN.ESECTIO, see- Blood-letting—v. Revul-
soria, see Blood-letting.
  A'ENiE VORTICO'S.E. The veins whioh prin-
cipally form the external or venous layer of the
choroid coat of the eyo ;  so called from their pe-
culiar arrangement; from vertex sou vortex, 'a
whirlpool.'
  VENAL, Venous.
  VENEFICIUM, Poisoning.
  VENENATION, Poison, Poisoning, Venom.
  VENENATUS. Arenomous.
  VENENOSE, A'enomous.
  ArENENUM, Poison, Venom.
  A'ENE'REAL, Vene'reue, Aphrodieiacus, Ve-
ne'rean, (F.) Vinirien, from  Venus, 'the goddess
of pleasure.' That which relates to the pleasures
of love.  In a more  restricted sense,  the  word
venereal is synonymous with syphilitic, and also
with syphilis.   Some authors have proposed that
those diseases  should be called venereal which
are  produced  by excess  in venery;  and   that
syphilitic should be limited to those which are
the result of impure connexion.  It is, also, used
in the same sense as aphrodisiac^ — adapted to
excite venereal desire.
  ArENEitEAi. Desire, Libido — v. Disease, Sy-
philis.
   VENERIEN,  Venereal.   This term,  also,
means one labouring under syphilis; as HSpital
des viniriens.
  VENERIVAGUS,  Libidinous.
  VEN'ERY.   Same etymon.  The pleasures of
love.  Sexual  communication.  Coition.
  VENESECTION, see  Blood-letting.
   VENIMEUX, Venomous.
   VENIN, Venom.
  A'ENOM, Vene'num, Tox'icum, Venena'tion, (F.)
 Venin.   A poisonous fluid  secreted by  certain
animals, as the viper, in a  state of health, and
which they preserve  in a particular reservoir, to
use  as  a means of attack or defence.   It differs,
according to some, from virus, as  the latter is
always the result, of a morliid process, which may
be produced by the individuals who receive it, in
their turn, and be  transmitted to others.
  Venom, Quickening, Sperm—v. Vital, Sperm.
  VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'tus,  Ven'enose, (F.)
 Venimeux.  An epithet applied to animals which
have a secretion of  venom, as the viper, rattle-
snake,  <fec.; and, by some, to liquids  in the ani-
mal body, which have been so perverted by pre-
vious disease, that their contact occasions serious
mischief in sound individuals;  as happens in
hydrophobia.   Virus is  more commonly used in
this case.
   ATENOSTTAS, Venosity —v. Sanguinis, Prae-
 dominium sanguinis venosi.
   VENOSTTY, Venos'itas,  Ve'nousness, Venous
 state, Venoue  cachex'ia, Melana'mia,  Melano'sis
 univer8a'lis, from re7ia, ' a vein.' A condition in
 which, it has been supposed, the blood is moved
 slowly; is more venous; and the  venous blood
 itself in greater quantity.   This state is said to
 be chiefly observed in hemorrhoids, gout, hypo-
 chondriasis, melancholia, <fec. — Puchelt.
   VENOUS,   Venal, Veno'eus.  Same  etymon.
 Appertaining  to a vein, or to the blood  of the
 veins ; as venous cachexia, venous pulse.
   Venous Cachexia, \renosity — v. Hum, Bruit
 de Diable — v. State, Venosity — v. System, ab-
 dominal, Porta vena — v. System,  see Vascular.
   VENOUSNESS, Venosity.
    VENT, AVind.
   ArENTER, Abdomen, Belly, Uterus.  In law,
 venter designates the maternal parentage of chil-
 dren.  Thus, if A  were B's child by his first wife,
 he  would be  described in law as " by the first 
VENTEUX               899               VENTRICULI
venter."   "A  died  seised,  leaving  two  infant
daughters by different renters."
  Venter Imus, Abdomen, Hypogastrium, Nei-
sera— v. Inferius, Abdomen—v. Infimus, Abdo-
men—v. Magnus, Ingluvies—v. Medius, Thorax
—v. Parvus, Hypogastrium—v. Propendens, Hy-
steroloxia anterior—v. Renum, Pelvis of the kid-
ney — v. Supremus, Cavum cranii.
   VENTEUX, Windy.
  V E N T IL A' T10 N, Ventila'tio, from ventue,
' wind.'  The act of renewing  the air of vessels,
hospitals, and apartments, or of situations where
many people are collected together.  The utility
of such renewal must be evident, when it is con-
sidered that atmospheric air loses  its  oxygen
during respiration, and that carbonic acid supplies
its  place.  Stagnant air,  also, becomes loaded
with  numerous impurities; and hence one of the
greatest hygienic improvements, of modern times,
has been a proper attention to circulation of air.
It  is, moreover, one of the  most valuable addi-
tions to our stock  of  therapeutical  agencies in
many diseases.
   Instruments used for the purpose of renewing
the air, in ships,  apartments, &c,  have been
called ventilatore.
   VENTOSITE, Flatulence.
   VENTOSITY, Flatulence.
   VENTOUSES SCARIFIEES, Cupping with
the scarificator.
   VENTOUSES SECHES, Cupping, dry. .
   VENTRAL, Abdominal.
   Ventral Her'nia, Her'nia  ventra'lis.  Direct
hernia accurring in  any part of the abdomen.  It
is most frequently found between  the recti mus-
cles.
   VENTRALE, Belt (Russian).
   Ventrale Cuta'neum, 'Cutaneousapron.' (F.)
 Tablier.  An  elongation  of the nymphae in the
Bosjesman female, which hangs down before the
vulva like an apron.
   VEXTRE,  Abdomen—v. Infirieur, Abdomen
—r. Resserri, Constipation.
   VENTRE INSPICIENDO  DE, see De ventre
inspiciendo.
  VEN'TRICLE,   Ventric'ulua,  diminutive  of
venter,  ' belly.'   Literally, a little belly.  A name
given, in anatomy, to various parts.
  Ventricle   of Aran'tius.   A  small cavity,
lined with gray substance, at the point of  the
calamus scriptorius.
  A'kntricles  of the Brain,  Ventric'uli sen Ca-
vita'tea seu Sinus  Cer'ebri,  (F.) Vcntriculcs du
cerveau, are five cavities  in the interior of that
organ,  which  are distinguished into  the  lateral
ventricles,  middle ventricle,  fourth ventricle  or
ventricle  of the cerebellum,  and  fifth ventricle.
The middle ventricle or third ventricle, (F.) Feii-
tricule moyen du cerveau, is situate  in front of the
pineal gland.   It is bounded, above, by the tela
choroidea and the fornix ; below, by a portion of
cerebral substance,  which separates  it  from  the
base  of the cranium;  laterally, by the  thalami
nervorum opticorum ;  anteriorly, by a medullary
cord, called the anterior commissure :  and, poste-
riorly, by another medullary cord, called the pos-
terior commieeure.   It communicates with  the
lateral ventricles by two openings, situate behind
the anterior pillar  or  crus  of the fornix.  The
Lateral-ventricles, Ventric'uli  latera'lee,  V. mag-
ni,  V. majo'res,  V. prio'rea, V. auperio'res, V. tri-
cor'nea, (F.) Ventriculea latiraux, are two in num-
ber.  They are large, and, owing to  their consi-
derable curvature,  occupy a  great part of  the
cerebral centre.   They are  bounded, aborc, by
the inferior surface ofthe corpus callosum; ante-
riorli/. bv the curved portion of the  same body;
posteriorly, by a considerable mass of cerebral
substance; and,  internally, they  are  separated
from each other by the septum of  the ventricles,
— a medullary plate, which is given off from the
lower part of the corpus callosum.  The lateral
ventricles have, in their upper and anterior por-
tion, the  Corpora  striata,  Thalami optici,  and
Tania semicircularis : — their  inferior portion
contains  the  corpus fimbriatum, cornu Ammonia,
&c.  The Fourth  ventricle, Ventriculm  cerebelli
seu quartus, V. Aran'tii, Sinua rhombo'i'deua,  (F.)
Quotrihne ventricule, is situate beneath thea^ue-
duct of Sylviua, by which it communicates with
the third ventricle.  It extends from  this aque-
duct to the upper part  of the medulla; and is
seated in the substance of the tuber annulare.
The Fifth ventricle, Ventric'ulua septi  pellu'cidi,
Incisu'ra septi, (F.) Cinquieme ventricule,  is the
small serous cavity between the  lamina?  of the
septum lucidum;  called,  also, Fissure or Fossa
of Sylviue or Sinue of the eeptum lu'cidum.
  Ventricles of the Heart, Ventric'uli cordis,
Specue cordie, (F.) Vcntriculcs du coeur, are two
in number.   The Right ventricle, Pulmonary ven-
tricle,  Ventric'ulua anterior, V. primua, V. pulmo-
na'lia, (F.)  Ventricule rfroi'r  ou  pulmonaire, is
situate at the fore-part of the heart, the base and
apex corresponding to those of the heart.   In it
are seen the Columna cornea and Corda tendinea.
The right ventricle communicates with the right
auricle by the Ostium venoaum, and from  it the
Pulmonary artery arises.   Around the auricular
orifice is a-tendinous margin or ring, from  which
the tricuspid valve is given off.  The  use  of the
ventricle is  to send the blood, by its contraction,
along  the pulmonary artery to the lungs.   The
Left ventricle, Ventric'ulua aor'ticua, V. posterior,
V. aecundue,  (F.)  Ventricule gauche ou aortique,
is situate at the  posterior and left part  of the
heart.  Its parietes are much thicker and stronger
than those of the right, owing to its  having to
send the blood over the whole system.  The inner
surface has  the same general  appearance as that
of the right.   The Columna  camea  and  Corda
tendinea are, however, much  stronger.  It com-
municates with the left  auricle by means  of the
Mitral valve; and from  it proceeds the largest
blood-vessel ofthe body — the aorta.
  Ventricles of the Larynx, Sac'culi laryngei,
Sinuses of the larynx, (F.) Ventricules ou Sinus
du  larynx,  are two  depressions  in the larynx,
comprised between the superior and inferior liga-
ments.
  ArENTRicLE, Pulmonary, V. right.
   VENTRICULAR, Ventricula'ria.   Same ety-
mon as A'entricle.  Relating to a ventricle.
   VENTRICULE AORTIQUE, A'entricle, left
— v. Cinquieme, A'entricle, fifth — v. Droit, A'en-
tricle, right—v. Gauche, A'entricle, left—v. Moyen
du  Cerveau, Arentricle, middle, of  the  brain — v.
Pulmonaire, A'entricle, right—v. Quatrieme, Ven-
tricle, fourth.
   VENTRICULES DU CERVEAU, Ventri-
cles of the brain — v. du Coeur, A'entricles of the
heart—v. Latiraux, A'entricles, lateral.
  VENTRICULI  CORDIS,  Ventricles of the
heart—v. Dilatatio, Cnstrectasis— v.  Dissolutio,
Gastro-malaciu — v. Dura? matris, Sinuses  of the
dura mater—v.  Emollitio, Gastro-malaeia — v.
Exulceratio,  Gastrelcosis — v. Fluxus,  Gastror-
rhcea—v. Inflammatio, Gastritis — v.  Laterales,
see A'entricles, lateral of the  brain — v. Magni,
A'entricles, lateral, ofthe brain—v. Manures. Ven-
tricles, lateral—v. Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis,
Gastro-malaeia—v. Perforatio, Gastro-brosis—v.
Priores, A'entricles, lateral — v. Pseudophlogosla
resolutiva et  colliquativa, Gastro-malaeia — v.
Superiores,  A'entricles,   lateral — v.  Tricornes,
A'entricles, lateral — v. Ulceratio,  Gastrelcosis. 
'00                 VERBENA
               VENTRICULUS              9

   VENTRICULUS, Stomach, Ventricle—v. An-
terior, Ventricle, right — v. Aorticus, Ventricle,
left—v. Arantii, see Ventricles of the brain.
   ArE.\TRicuLus  Callosus,  "Callous stomach.'
The gizzard or third etomach of the gallinaceous
bird.  It consists of a  double-bellied or digastric
muscle ;  is lined by a firm cuticle, and forms  a
kind of  pouch, depending from  the alimentary
tube, in  which the second stomach  terminates,
and from which the  duodenum or  Yentriculue
euccenturia'tue issues.  In the interior of the giz-
zard there are numerous pebbles, which seem to
be destined to aid in the trituration  of the food.
The gizzard  is  an organ of mastication,  and is
possessed of great muscular power.
   Ventriculus Cerebelli, see Ventricles of the
brain — v.  Posterior, Ventricle, left — v. Primus,
A'entricle, right—v. Pulmonalis, A'entricle, right
— v. Quartus, see Ventricles of the brain — v.
Secundus, Ventricle, left—v. Septi Pellucidi, see
Ventricles  of the brain—v. Succenturiatus, Duo-
denum.
   VENTRILOQUE, Engastrimythos.
   VENTRILOQUISM, see Engastrimyth.
   VENTRILOQUIST, Engastrimythos.
   VENTRILOQUY, see Engastrimyth.
   VENTROSITAS, Physconia.
   VENTUS, AVind.
   VEN'ULA, Phlebion, diminutive of Vena.  See
Vein.  A small vein.   Hippocrates seems to use
it in the  same sense as Arteria.
   VENULE  CENTRALES, Intralobular veins
—v. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins.
   VENUS, Clitoris, Coition, Cuprum—v. Crystals
of, Cupri subacetas — v.  Crystaux de, Cupri sub-

   YER  CUCURBITAIN, Ta?nia  solium — v.
Cutani, Dracunculus — v. Filaire, Dracunculus—
v. de Guinie,  Dracunculus—v. Luisant, Cicindela
—r. de Medine, Dracunculus—v. Solitaire, Both-
riocephalus latus, Tasnia solium.
   ArERATRIA, A^eratrina.
   VERATRI'NA,  Vera'tria, Ver'atrine.  A ve-
getable alkali, found in  the seeds of Vera'trum
eabadil'la, V. officinale, Helo'nias officina'lis, and
Asagra'a officina'118, whieh  are  known in com-
merce under  the  names  Cebadill'a,  Cevadill'a,
and  Sabadill'a,  and are  imported from Mexico.
They usually ocpur, in  commerce,  mixed with
the fruit of the plant, are two or three lines long,
of a  black colour, and are shining, flat, shriveled,
winged, and  elastic seeds.   Veratrine  is  solid,
white, pulverulent, and  inodorous;  of a very
acrid taste ;  decomposable by heat; very soluble
in water, and soluble in alcohol. When  prepared
in the usual  manner, it  still contains other sub-
stances, — Sabadil'lin,  Ver'atrin,  gum  resin of
the  sabadilla, and black greasy  matter.   It is
extremely poisonous,  and but little used  inter-
nally in  medicine.  Magendie has  given it as
an emetic and drastic  in very small doses.  It
has  been recommended  to  be applied  in  the
way of friction, or endemically,  (from gr. v to
xx to  3jj of lard or cerate,) in various neuralgic
affections.  The following is the formula  for its
preparation in  the Pharmacopoeia of the Uni-
ted  States: — Take of cevadilla,  lhij ; alcohol,
2 gallons; sulphuric acid, solution of ammonia,
purified  animal charcoal, and magnesia, each  a
Sufficient quantity.  Boil the cevadilla in a gallon
ofthe alcohol, in a retort with a receiver attached,
for an hour,  and pour  off the  liquor.  To  the
residue add another gallon of the alcohol, toge-
ther with the  portion  recently  distilled;  again
boil for an hour, and pour off the liquor. Repeat
the boiling a  third time with the remaining alco-
hol,  and  with that distilled in the previous ope-
ration.  Press  the  cevadilla, mix and strain  the
liquors, and, by means of a water-bath, distil off
the alcohol.  Boil the residue three or four times
in water  acidulated with  sulphuric acid,  mix
and strain the liquors,  and evaporate to the con-
sistence of syrup.  Add magnesia in slight ex-
cess, shake  the mixture frequently, then express
and wash what remains.   Repeat  the expression
and  washing  two or  three  times, and  having
dried the residue, digest it  with  a gentle  heat
several times in alcohol, and strain after each di-
gestion.   Distil off the alcohol  from the mixed
liquor,  boil the  residue for  fifteen minutes in
water with  a  little sulphuric acid and  purified
animal charcoal, and strain.  Having thoroughly
washed what remains, mix the washings with the
strained liquor, evaporate with a  moderate heat
to the consistence of syrup, and then drop in as
much solution  of ammonia as may be necessary
to precipitate the veratria.  Lastly, separate and
dry the precipitate.  See Colchicum autumnale.
  VERA'TRUM ALBUM, Helleb'orue albus,
Elleb''orum album, Elleborus  albus, Cherbachem,
White hellebore, (F.) Hellebore blanc. Sex. Syst.
Polygamia  Moncecia.  Nat.  Ord.. Melanthacea?
(Lindley.)  The root or rhizoma of this common
European plant is indebted to the veratrine for
its properties.  It is inodorous; has a bitterish,
acrid, nauseous taste, and is violently emetic and
purgative, even when applied to an ulcerated sur-
face.  It is, also, possessed of errhine properties,
and.acts, externally, as a stimulant.   It is rarely
exhibited  internally.  Sometimes it is given as a
sneezing powder; but it operates with great vio-
lence.  It forms,  also,  an itch ointment.   See
Ung. Veratri.
  Veratrum Luteum, ChamaDlirium luteum.
  Veratrum Sabadil'la,  Sabadilla, Subatilla,
Cania Interfec'tor, Caua'ticum America'num, Ceva-
dil'la Hiepano'rum, Sevadilla, Hor'deum  caua'ti-
cum, (F.) Civadille. The seeds of this plant have
been used, mostly as anthelmintics.  Dose, gr. ij
to a child, four years old.   It  possesses the same
general  properties as the veratrum album.
  Veratrum  Vir'ide, American Hellebore,
Swamp  hellebore, Indian poke,  Indian  Uncos,
Poke  weed,  Bear weed, Itch weed, Tickle weed,
Earth gall,  Devilbit,  Wolf bane, Puppet root,  is
indigenous  in  the swampy  districts of  almost
every part of the United States.  Its properties
are like those of the genus.
  VERBASCULUM,  Primula veris.
  VERBASCUM ALBUM, V. thapsus —v. Ala-
tum, V. thapsus — v.  Collinum,  V. thapsus — v.
Crassifolium, V. thapsus—v. Elongatum, V. thap-
sus—v.  Lychnitis, V. thapsus—v.  Montanum, V.
thapsus.
  Verbas'cum Nigrum, Black Mullein,  Cande'la
re'gia, Thapsus barba'tus, Tapsus barba'tus,  Can-
dela'rio, Lana'ria; and Verbas'cum Thai-sus,
V. thapsdi'des seu ala'turn seu colli'num seu album
seu crassifo'lium seu elonga'tum  seu Lychni'tis
seu monta'num seu simplex,  Phlogmue,  Phlomus,
Phlox, great broad-leaved Mullein, High Taper,
Cow'e Lungwort, or Yellow Mullein, (F.) Mollne,
Bouillon  blanc; Family,  Solanea? ; Sex.  Si/st.
Pentandria Monogynia, — especially the latter,—
have been used as emollient, applied externally
in the form of  fomentation.  The large leave's
have  been chosen  for this purpose.  Occasion-
ally, the mucilage which  they contain  has been
extracted by decoction or infusion, and adminis-
tered in pectoral  affections.
  A'erbascum  Simplex, V.  thapsus —v.  Thap-
soides, Ar. thapsus — v. Thapsus, see V. nigrum.
  VERBE'NA HAS'TULA,  an American spe-
cies, is more bitter than the European, and said
to be emetic.
  Verbe'na Officina'lis, Verbena, Dichro'nws 
                VERBENACA

 Verbena'ea,  Periete'rium, HieroboP one,  Herba
sacra, Vervain, Purvain, (F.)  Verveine.  Family,
lyrenaceie.  Sext. Syat. Diandria Monogynia.  A
plant formerly held  sacred;  used in sacrifices,
and suspended round the neck as an amulet.   In
the  form of cataplasm, it is said to have relieved
obstinate headachs, and to have  been of service
in scrofula.  It is not used.
   Verbe'na Urticifo'lia, an  indigenous spe-
cies, has been used in poisoning from Rhus Toxi-
codendron.
   VERBENACA, Verbena officinalis.
   VERBESINA ACMELLA,  Spilanthus Ac-
mella.
   VERBUS, Penis.
   VER CO Q UIN, Phreni'tie vermino'eo. A form
 of phrenitis, attributed to the presence of a worm
 in the brain !
   VERDET, Cupri  subacetas.
   VERDIGRIS, Cupri subacetas.
   VERENDA, Genital organs.
   VERETRUM, Penis.
   VERGE, Penis — v. d'Or, Solidago virgaurea.
   VERGERETTE  DE  PHILADELPHIE,
 Erigeron Philadelphicum.
   VERUETURES, Vibices.
   VERJUICE, Ompha'cium, (F.) Verjue, Verdjue.
 A sour kind of grape.  Also, an acid liquor, pre-
 pared from very sour grapes or crab-apples.   It
 is principally used in culinary preparations;  al-
 though, occasionally, an ingredient in medicinal
 compounds.  See Vitis vinifera.
   VER.IUS, Verjuice.
   ArERMES, Worms—v. Cerebri, Choroid plexus.
   VERMICULAIRE BR UL ANTE, Sedum.
   VERMICULAR, Arermiform.
   VERxAIICULARIS, Lumbricalis, Sedum.
   VERMICULI  SPERMATICI, Spermatozoa.
   VERMIC'ULUM,  Vermyc'ilum.  An elixir; a
 tincture. — Ruland and Johnson.
   VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS, Dracunculus.
   VER'M I FORM,  Vermic 'ular,  Vermicula 'rie,
 Vermifor'mis, from vermis, 'a worm,' and forma,
 'form.'  That which resembles a worm;
   Verm'iform Proc"esses,  Proces'sus Vermi-
form'es, Protuberan'tia vermiformes, Montic'uli
cerebel'li, Appen'dicee vermiformee, Vermis, Worm,
(F.) Eminences vermiformes du  cervelet, are two
medullary  projections, at the surface of the cere-
bellum.  The euperior vermiform proceaa, Vermia
superior cerebelli,  is an  elongated projection, at
the anterior and middle part of the superior sur-
face of  the cerebellum; — and the inferior vermi-
form proceaa, Vermis inferior cerebelli, Pyr'amid
of Malacarne,  is a  somewhat large projection,
situate  in the depression at the inferior surface
of the same organ.   The inferior  vermiform pro-
cess is  usually described as consisting  of  three
portions—the pyramid, the uvula, and the nodu-
1ti8.   The anterior portion of the superior vermi-
form process is elevated, and termed Montic'ulus.
   VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic.
  A'ermifuge, Mathieu's. This consisted of two
distinct electuaries; the one for killing, the  other
for expelling tape-worm.   The  former is  made
of an ounce of tin filings, and six drachms of fern
root.
  VERMIFUGUS, Anthelmintic.
  A'ERMILION,  Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
brum.
   VERMILLOAT DE PROVENCE, Antimonii
sulphuretum rubrum.
  VERMINATIO, Helminthiasis.
  VERMINATION, CUTANEOUS, Malis.
   VERMINEUX, Arerminous.
  A'ERMTNOUS, Yermino'sus, (F.)  Fermi'Tiem1.
That which is caused by worms; as a verminoua
affection.
II                   VERS

   A'ERMIS, A'ermiforra processes — v. Bombyci-
 nus, Cornu ammonis —v.  Cerebelli,  A'ermiform
 process—v. Cerebri, Fever, Hungary—v. Cucur-
 bitinus, Taenia solium — v. Digiti  Paronychia
   VERMITIO, Helminthiasis.
   VERNIX CASEO'SA, 'cheesy varnish.'   The
 fatty varnish, or deposit, often found on the foetus,
 which is secreted by the sebaceous follicles of the
 skin.
   A'ernix Sicca, Sandarac.
   VERNO'NIA ANTHELMIN'TICA, Ascari'-
 cida anthelmin'tica, Calagirah, Calageri.  A plant
 which is  indigenous in India.   Family, Compo-
 sita?.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia super-
 flua. _  It  has great celebrity in  the East Indies,
 and is a  bitter tonic; but the seeds are chiefly
 used as an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of ascarides
 and lumbrici in children.
   A'erno'nia Noveboracen'sis, Iron weed, Flat
 top; an indigenous plant; whose purple flowers
 appear in August and September, is reported to
 possess cathartic properties.
   VER OLE,  Syphilis — v. Petite,  A'ariola — v.
 Petite rolante,  A'aricella.
   VEROLETTE, Varicella.
   A'ERONI'CA, Veronica officina'lie seu Tourne-
 for'tii, Veronica mae, Thea German'ica, Beton'ica
 Pauli, Chama'drys, Male Veronica, Fluellin, Offi-
 cinal Speedwell, (F.)  Vironique, Thi d'Europe.
 Family, Rhinanthodeae.  Sex. Syst. Diandria Mo-
 nogynia.  This plant was once used as a pectoral.
   Veronica Aquatica, Ar. beccabunga.
   A'eronica  BecCABUn'ga, Beccabunga,  Ana-
 gal'lis  aqnat't'ca, Laver German'ieum,  Veronica
 aquat'ica, Cepa'a, H'crier Pim'pernel, Brooklime,
 Brooklime Speedwell, B'crfer Speedwell, Neck-
 weed,  Water Purslain, (F.) Vironique cressonie.
 This plant was formerly used in  a variety of dis-
 eases.   It is, however, almost insipid and inodo-
 rous ;  and has  been long banished from practice.
   A'eronica Mas, A'eronica — v. Officinalis, A'e-
 ronica.
   A'eronica Peregri'na, Neekweed, Purslain,
 Speedwell; indigenous; flowering from April to
 June,  is given  internally  in scrofulosis, and is
 applied as a  wash to scrofulous tumours.
   Veronica Purpurea, Betonica officinalis—v.
 Tournefortii, Veronica—v. A'irginica, Leptandra
 A'irginica.
   VEROA'IQUE, A'eronica—v.  Cressonie, Vero-
 nica beccabunga.
   VERPA, Penis.
   VERRE,  A'itrum — v. d'Antimoine, Antimonii
 vitrum.
   A'ERRU'CA, diminutive Verru'cula, Eephy'ma
 verruca, Phymato'sis  vcrruco'sa,  a  Wart,  (F.)
 Verrue.  A small, hard, mamillary tumour, which
 forms at the  surface  of the skin,  and particularly
 on that of the  hands and face.   AY arts are gene-
 rally rugous at the  surface, and broad at  the
 base; their roots being implanted in the derma
 by whitish filaments, which are  dense, semifi-
 brous,  and very numerous.
   AVarts may be destroyed by caustic, or removed
 by excision.   Their vitality is, generally, not
 great.
   A^erruca Carnosa, Condyloma — v. Formica-
 ria, Formica—v. Minor, Thymion—v. Palpebra-
 rum, see Hydatid—v. Pensilis, Acrochordon—v.
 Rhagoidea, Thymion.
   VERRUCARIA,  Calendula officinalis, Helio-
 tropium Europaeum.
   VERRUCOSE, AA'arty.
   A'ERRl'COl'S, AVarty.
   VERRUCULA, Verruca.
   VERRUE, Verruca.
   VERS, AVorms.
9' 
VERSE-CHARMS
902
VERTEBRAL
  VERSE-CHARMS, see Charm.
  VERSIG, Turning — v.  Foetus, Turning — v.
Spontanea,  Evolution spontaneous — v. Uteri,
Hysteroloxia.
   VERSION, Turning.
   VERT-DE-GRIS, Cupri subacetas.
  VERTEBRA  DENTATA,  Axis —v.  Dorsi
Prima, Lophia — v.  Lumborum Prima,  Asphal-
tites — v. Magna, Sacrum.
  VER'TEBRiE, Spon'dyli, (F.) Vertlbree ; from
vertere, ' to turn.'  This name has been given to
the bones, which by their union form the verte-
bral or spinal column.   The vertebra? are short,
thick, very angular bones ; twenty-four in num-
ber, and  situate one above another.  The body—
centrum,  of Owen — of the vertebra is the middle
and anterior portion.   Above and  below it is
articulated,  by means of a fibro-cartilage, with
the  contiguous  vertebrae.   The  Proceesee,  (F.)
Alaaaea apophyaairea, of each vertebra are : — 1.
The spinous process, situate behind, and in  the
median  line.  2. The two transverse processes,
standing off from each side.  3. The four articu-
lar or oblique processes—zygapophyses, of Owen
— two superior, and two inferior — which serve
to unite  the vertebra? with each  other.  These
transverse and articulating processes  are made
continuous with  the lateral and  posterior parts
of the body of the vertebra by  narrow bony por-
tions or  pedicles, on each of which are  notches.
These, by their union with similar notches in the
contiguous vertebra, form  the  lateral  foramina,
(F.) Trous  de  conjugaison, through  which  the
spinal  nerves leave  the  vertebral canal.  The
different processes are united with each other, so
as to form a kind of ring of the lateral and pos-
terior parts of the vertebra;  and the  foramen,
within this,—that is, between the  body and pro-
cesses, — concurs in forming the vertebral canal.
The vertebrae have particular characters, accord-
ing to the regions they occupy.  They are divided
into seven cervical, twelve dorsal, and five lumbar.
The first cervical is called atlas; the second, axis
or  vertebra dentata ; and  the. seventh,  vertebra
proeminens.  The vertebrae are articulated with
each other.   Those ofthe back are joined, more-
over, to  the ribs.  The first or atlas is articulated
with the occipital bone; and the last lumbar ver-
tebra with the sacrum.   The  cervical vertebra?
are developed by nine points of ossification; the
dorsal and lumbar by eight.
   VER'TEBRAL,  Vertebra'lia.  That which re-
lates or belongs to the vertebra?.
   Vertebral Artery, Posterior cerebral artery,
(Ch.,)  is the largest of the branches of  the sub-
clavian.   It arises from the posterior part of that
vessel; is lodged in a canal, (F.) Petit canal ver-
tebral, formed by the foramina in the transverse
processes; enters the cranium, and proceeds to
anastomose with its fellow of  the opposite side,
and to  form  the Basilary artery.  Besides the
branches sent  to the neck, the vertebral artery
gives off the anterior and posterior spinal arterice,
and the inferior cerebelloue, in the cavity of the
cranium.
   Vertebral  Column,  Rachie,  Rhachis, Notos,
Acnes'tis; the Spine; the back bone, Cari'na,  C.
hom'inis, Spina  dorai seu vertebra'lia, Colum'na
spina'lie, C. vertebra'li8, C. dorai, Spina Doreum,
 Tergnm, Compa'gee Vertebra'rum, Acan'tha, Sacra
fis'tula,  Hi'era  Syrinx, (F.)  Col on ne vertibrale,
Epine du dos, Echine.  A kind of bony column,
situate at the  posterior and central part of the
trunk; extending from  the head to the sacrum;
flexible  in  every direction, yet very solid  and
hollowed by a canal called ra-te&ra^'which gives
it lightness without diminishing its strength, and
runs through  its whole  length.  The vertebral
column is formed by the superposition of the ver-
tebra?.   It represents a pyramid, whose base is
below.   Anteriorly,  it is  convex  in the neck;
concave in the back, and  convex,  again, in the
loins.  Behind, the curvatures are of course the
reverse of these.   There ia also,  in the dorsal ro-
gion, a lateral curvature, the concavity of which
is towards the left side.   Considered as a whole,
the vertebral column has an anterior or prespinal
surface;  a poaterior or spinal;  two lateral;  a
base ;  and an apex or top.   In the nomenclature
of Chaussier, the anterior surface, in the neck, is
called  trachelian; in the back,  predoreal; and
in the  loins, prelumbar.  The dorsal surface has,
at its middle, the spinous  processes;  and, at its
sides, the vertebral guttere, (F.)  Gouttierea rerti-
bralee, formed by the succession of the vertebral
plates, (F.) Lamee vertebrates,  which, by their
junction, constitute the spinous processes. These
are filled by the sacro-spinalis muscle.  The sides
or lateral  surfaces present the foramina resulting
from  the union  of the vertebral  notchee,  (F.)
Echancrurea vertebralee.  These are called verte-
bral  foramina, (F.)  Troue de  conjugaieon, and
give  passage to  the vertebral nerves.  The  base
of the  vertebral  column is oblique, to  unite with
the sacrum;  and forms with it  an  angle, called
sacro-vertebral  angle or promontory.  The  apex
or top  of the vertebral column is articulated with
the occipital bone.  Sometimes, the term verte-
bral  column  includes the  whole of the column
from the  occipital bone to the  extremity of the
coccyx.  The Vertebral  or Spinal  Canal,  Ra-
chid'ian  Canal,  Solen, Cana'lia  medull<B Spina'-
lis, Specus pro medull'a Spina'li seu vertebra'lia,
exists  through the whole of th« vertebral column,
whose  curvatures it follows. It is continuous,
above, with the  cranium;  below, with the sacral
canal,  if we  consider the  vertebrae to terminate
at the  sacrum.   It is lined by a prolongation of
the  meninges,  forming  the Theca vertebra'lis,
and  lodges the spinal marrow.
   The vertebral column, which  unites lightness
with  solidity, serves to  support  the  head  and
chest.  It is  the seat of all the movements of the
trunk, the weight of which it  transmits to the
pelvis. It lodges and protects the spinal marrow,
and  gives passage to the vertebral nerves, and to
numerous vessels.
   Vertebral  Disease, Rachial'gia  (of some,)
Caries of the Ver'tebra, Spondylarthroc'ace, Spon-
dyloc'ace,  Kypho'eie inflammato'ria,  K. para-
lytica, Gibbos'itas  cario'sa, Ca'riee  vertebra'-
rum, Spondylalgia, Spondylopyo'eie,Tuberculo'eis
 Vertebra'rum.   The spinal  column is  liable to
distortion, (see Hump,) at times, without the ver-
tebra?  being much, if at all, diseased.  At  other
times, a more formidable affection is induced;. the
vertebra? becoming carious, and the  interverte-
bral cartilages ulcerated ;  followed by a more  or
less  complete loss of power over the lower extre-
mities.  In  such case, on examining the spine,
one  or more of  the  spinous processes is found  to
project beyond  the rest.   The  disease  was first
well described by Mr. Percival Pott;  and, hence,
it has been called, by the French, Maladie  de
 Pott,  (Malum  Pot'tii,  Gibbue Pot'tii,  or  Pott's
 disease.)   It usually occurs in scrofulous sub-
 jects, and the treatment consists in  establishing
 a counter-irritation by  blisters,  issues,  or the
 moxa, opposite  the transverse processes of the
 diseased vertebrae.  The  sore must be suffered to
 remain open and the patient kept in the horizon-
 tal posture until the use of the limbs is recovered ;
 employing tonics, the free admission of fresh air,
 &c, at the same time.
   A'ertebral  Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments ver-
 tibraux, Surtoute ligamenteux de la colonna ver- 
VERTEBRES
903
VESICULA
ttbrale, are distinguished into anterior and pos-
terior.  Phey consist of long, ligamentous cover-
ings; the anterior occupying  the anterior part
ut the vertebral column ;  and the poaterior seem-
ing to anse from the occipito-axoid ligament, and
seated behind  the  bodies of the vertebra?, from
the axis to the sacrum.
   Vertebral Nerve, Trisplanchinc.
   Vertebral  Nerves,  Spinal  Nervea, spring
successively  from  the spinal marrow;  from its
origin to its termination.  These nerves—30 pairs
in all—arise by two roots; one anterior, from the
anterior Or an'tero-lat'eral column of  the  spinal
marrow, and the other posterior,  from the  poete-
rior column, and afterwards issue  by the  verte-
bral and sacral foramina.  Each of these  roots
seems to  have a distinct function ; the poeterior
being destined to convey sensation to  parts; the
anterior, motion.   On the posterior root,  before
its junction with the anterior, there is a ganglion.
Of the 30 pairs, 7  are cervical nervee, 12 doreal,
5 lumbar, and 6 eacral.   See Nerves.
   VERTEBRES, Vertebra?.
   VERTEBRODYMIA, see Somatodymia.
   VERTEBROILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Ileo-lum-
bar ligament.
   ArERTEX,  Cor'yphe,  Acrori'a,  Spon'dylue.
 The top or highest part of the head.  See Sinciput.
   Vertex  Cordis, Mucro  Cordis — v. Cubiti,
 Olecranon —v. Palpitans, Fontanella.
   VERTIBULUM, Trepan.
   VERTICULA. Articulation.
   A'ERTICULUM, Articulation.
   VERTICULUS, Articulation.
   VER TIGE, Vertigo.
   VERTIGINOUS, Vertigino'eus, (F.) Vertigi-
 neux. Relating or  pertaining to vertigo.  Giddy.
   VERTI'GO,  from vertere,  'to  turn;' Dinoe,
 Rin'goe,  Gid'dineee, Diz'ziness,  Dinus verti'go,
 Hallucina'tio vertigo, Autal'gia  vertigo, Oircum-
gyra'tio, Swimming of the head,  (F.) Vertige,
 Etourdiesement.  A state in which it seems that
 all objects are turning round;  or that the indivi-
 dual himself is performing a movement of  gyra-
 tion.  Two varieties have been designated; —
 simple vertigo, where the objects  are  seen; and
 ecotodynia, in which the sight is  obscured, and
 the individual often falls.  Vertigo is dependent
 upon the condition of the brain;  and often an-
 nounces an attack  of apoplexy or epilepsy.
   A'ertigo Tenebricosa, Scotodynia.
   VERUGAS  (S.), from verruca,  A peculiar
 disease affecting certain localities of Peru, which
 manifests itself by  sore-throat, pains in the bones,
 and other febrile symptoms.  In the course of  a
 few days, an eruption of red pimples or boils ap-
 pears.   These sometimes  increase in magnitude
 till they  become  nearly as  large as an  egg,
 and discharge blood copiously.   It is  ascribed to
 the water of certain springs  in  the valleys, and
 especially in that of Surea: called Agua  de Ve-
 rtigo. — Tschudi.
   VERU MONTANUM, Gallinaginis  caput.
   A'ERVAIN, A'erbena officinalis.
    VER VEINE, Verbena officinalis.
   A^ESA'NIA,  Veea'nia,  ' madness.' Derange-
 ment of the intellectual and moral faculties, with-
 out coma or fever.  Many nosologists have used
 this as a generic term; under which  they have
 included the different species of mental alienation,
 hypochondriasis, somnambulism, and even hydro-
 phobia.  See Nosology.
   Vesania Mania, Mania.
   A'ksani.e, Insanitv.
   A'ESICA BILIARIA. Gall-bladder—v. Cordis,
 see Pericardium—v. Fellea, Gall-bladder—v. In-
 testinales, A'esicula umbilicalis—v. Prostatica, see
Ejaculatory Duets — v. Saccata, Stricture of the
urinary bladder — v. Urinaria, Urinary  bladder.
  A'EsiCiE  Irritabilitas,  Cysterethismus — v.
Unguinosae tendinum, Bursa? mucosae.
  VES'ICAL, Vesica'lie, from vesica, 'the blad-
der.' That which belongs or relates to the bladder.
  Vesical Arteries vary in number and origin.
The umbilical  artery always sends off two or
three : the  middle hemorrhoidal,  internal pudie,
and obturator furnish others, which ramify and
anastomose in  the  parietes of the  bladder; the
hypogastric furnishes  one  which  is somewhat
larger, the Vesico-prostatic (Ch.), and  proceeds
to the baa-fond of the bladder, sending numerous
ramifications to it as well as  to the  surrounding
parts.
  Vesical Ganglia, see Spermatic Ganglion —
v. Triangle, see Urinary Bladder.
  A^esical Veins, much more numerous than the
arteries, open into the hypogastric plexus,.
  Vesicant, Blister, Epispastic.
  VESICARIUM, Ovarium.
  VESICA'TION,  Veaica'tio; same etymon, (F.)
Vesication.  The  action  of a  vesicant.   The
formation of blisters.
   VESICATOIRE, Blister — v.  Magistral, Ma-
gistral.
  VESICATORIUM, Blister.
  VESICLE, A'esicula—v. Allantoid, Allantois—
v. Blastodermic,  see Molecule — v.  Cowpox, see
Vaccination.
  Vesicle of Development, V. of Evolution.  A
vesicle or cyst concerned in histogeny.
  Vesicle of Evolution,  Ar. of Development —
v. Germinal, see Molecule — v. Purkinjean, see
Molecule—v. Umbilical, A'esicula umbilicalis.
  Vesicles of de Graaf, Folliculi Graafiani.
  VESTCO-VAG"INAL, Vesi'co-vagina'lis. Re-
lating to the bladder and  the vagina;  as  veaico-
voginal fiatula.
  VESIC'ULA, Cyetinx,Vee'icle ; diminutive of
veaica, ' a bladder.'  A small bladder or cyst.
  Vesicula, Vee'icle, Ecphly'aia, Cyatinx, in pa-
thology, means a small  orbicular elevation of the
cuticle  containing lymph, which  is sometimes
clear and colourless, but often opake and whitish
or  pearl-coloured.   It is  succeeded, either by  a
scurf, or by a laminated scab.
   Vesicula  jEnigmatosa, A'esicula umbilicalis
— v. Alba, A'esicula umbilicalis — v. Bilis, Gall-
bladder — v. Blastodermatica, see Molecule — v.
Chyli, Receptaculum chyli—v. Erythroidea, Ery-
throid vesicle — v.  Fellis, Gall-bladder—v. Gan-
graeneseens,  see  Anthrax — v. Germinativa, see
Molecule—v. Omphalo-mesenterica, Aresicula um-
bilicalis—v. Ovalis, Vesicula umbilicalis—v. Pro-
lifera, see Molecule — v. Prostatica, see Ejacula-
tory Ducts.
   ArESic'uLA  Umbilica'lis, Umbil'ical Vea'icle,
 Veaiculo alba seu om'phalo-meeenter'ica  seu anig-
moto'ea seu ara'lia, Veai'ca intestinalis, Intestinal
 Veeicle, Vitelline Pouch.   A small,  pyriform,
round,  or  spheroidal sac, which, about the fif-
teenth  or  twentieth day after fecundation, is of
the size of a common pea,  and probably acquires
its greatest dimensions in the course of the third
or  fourth week.  After the seventh week,  it be-
comes  shrivelled and  disappears insensibly.  It
seems to be situate between the chorion and am-
nion, and  is commonly adherent  either  to the
outer surface of the amnion, or to the inner sur-
face ofthe chorion, but at  times is loose between
them.  The vitelline ped'icle, which attaches the
vesicle to the embryo, is continuous with  the intes-
tinal canal;  and, up to twenty or thirty days  of
embryonic life, is hollow ;—Ductus om'phalo-me-
eenter'ivus seu vitello-intestina'lis seu vitella'rius, 
>04                 VIABLE
                 VESICULiE                9

 vitelline Duct.  Its arteries are the omphalo-me-
 senteric.  The vitelline fluid,  contained  in the
 vesicle, has been  compared, from analogy, to tho
 vitelliu or yolk of birds ; and, like it, is an olea-
 ginous substance, and presumed to be inservient
 to the nutrition of the embryo.
  A'ESICULjE constitute the 6th order of Bate-
 man's classification of Cutaneous Diseaeee.
  Vesicular, see Arillous  membranes — v. Diva?
 Barbara?,  Variola  confluens — v.  Gingivarum,
 Aphtha?—v. Pulmonales, see Cellule—v. Rotunda?
 eervicis uteri,  Nabothi glandulas — v. Sanguinis,
 Globules of the blood — v. Seminales mulierum,
 Nabothi glandula?—v. Spermatica?, Vesicula? se-
 minales.
  ArESicuLjE Semina'les, V. Semina'ria seu eper-
 mat'ica, Cap'eula semina'les,  Conceptac'ula semi-
 narici,  Gonecye'tides,  (F.) Visiculee siminales,
 Gardouches, Greniere, *re two small membranous
 sacs, which serve  as reservoirs for the sperm, and
 probably secrete  a fluid to be mixed with the
 sperm.  They are situate beneath  the  bladder,
 and above the rectum, behind the prostate and to
 the outer side  of the vasa deferentia.  They are
 of an irregular conoidal  shape; flattened from
 above to below; embossed on their surface, and
 of a grayish tint.  Their posterior extremity or
 fundue terminates by a round cul-de-sac.  Their
 anterior extremity or  neck is narrow and elon-
 gated, and is continuous with the excretory duct
 of the vesicula. This duct joins the vas deferens,
 and forms with it the ejaculatory duct.  The in-
 terior of the vesicula? exhibits several cells, which
 communicate with each other, and are lined by a
 very thin, mucous membrane.
  A'ESIC'ULAR,  Vesicula'ris.   Of or belonging
to a vesicle :—full of or containing small vesicles
 or ceils. The cortical or gray  matter of the brain
is sometimes termed vesicular.  See Cortex cere-
bri  and Neurine.
  VESICULE BILIAIRE, Gall-bladder—v. du
Fiel, Gall-Bladder—v. Germinative, see Molecule
—v. Ovulifere,  see Folliculi Graafiani.
  VESICULESDE GRAEF,~Eo\\ieu\i Graafiani
—r. de Sainte  Barbe, Variola  confluens—v. Simi-
iialea, Vesicula? seminales.
  A'ESPA, AVasp.
  A'ESSEL, Vaa,  Voswm, diminutive Vaaculum,
Angei'on, Angoa,  Conceptac'ulum, from (L.) vaa,
vdacnlum, (F.)  F<u88eaw.   A canal, more or less
 elastic, formed by the superposition of membranes,
 and distinguished, according to its uses and gene-
ral  arrangement, into Artery,  Vein, and Lympha-
 tic.   See, also, Vascular.
  VESSELOUP, Lycoperdon.
  VESSIE, Urinary bladder—v. d Colonnee, see
 Urinarv bladder—v. Col de la, Collum vesica?.
  VESSIE NATATOIRE, Air-bladder.
  VESTIBULAR NERVE, see Auditory Nerve.
  A'ES'TIBULE,  Veatib'ulum,  from veetio, 'to
 cover.'  The porch or entrance  to a house.
  A'estibule, Veatib'ulum, V.  Vagi'na, Prona'ue,
Atrium  Vagi'na,  Amb'itue genita'lia  mulie'bria,
is a smooth cavity between  the perinaaum and
nympha? in the female, which leads to two pas-
sages— to the  urethra above, and to the vagina
below.
  A^es'tibule  of the Ear, Veatib'ulum, V. laby-
rin'thi, (F.) Veetibule.  A cavity of an irregular
shape, which forms part of the labyrinth or in-
ternal ear.   The vestibule is situate  on the inner
 side of the tympanum; on the outer side  of the
meatus auditorius internus ; before the semicircu-
 lar  canals, and  behind  the cochlea.  It is lined
by a particular membrane, and contains the liquor
 of Cotunnius and branches of  the auditory nerve.
 There is also another membrane, constituting the
mcm'branous veetibule, but it is not an exact imi-
tation of the osseous cavity.  It is composed of
two distinct sacs, which open into  each other —
the sac'culus restib'uli,  and the sacculus.  There
are three contiguous cavities in the vestibule; one
of which, the semi-oval, is situate above ; another,
the hemispherical, below;  and the third, or sulci-
form, which is the orifice of the aquasductus ves-
tibuli, behind.
   VESTIBULUM LABYRINTHI, Vestibule of
the ear—v. Vaginae, A'estibule.
   VESTIGE (¥.), Vestig"ium,  'a vestige,' 'a
trace.'   A kind of fracture of flat bones, consist-
ing of a simple incision having  the mark of the
instrument that causedit.  The  term is also ap-
plied to a part of the oody, which may have no
evident use in man, and yet may be greatly em-
ployed in animals.  For example, the muscles of
the external ear in man are almost devoid of use,
or are vestiges of what they are in certain animals.
  VESTIGIUM,  Sole,  Vestige —v.  Foraminis
ovalis, Ovalis fossa—v. Pedis, Metatarsus.
  VESTI'TUS, Esthe'ma, Esthe'sis, Clothing, Res
vestia'ria,  Dress,  Vesture, (F.)  Vetement, from
vestire, vestitum, ' to clothe.'  Any substance used
for the  purpose  of  covering nakedness,  or pre-
serving from atmospheric temperature by being
worn on the body.  The best  clothing in  winter
is  composed of articles that are bad  conductors
of caloric, and do not admit of ready evaporation
of the  matter of perspiration.   In this respect,
woollen vestments  deserve the  first place, and
cotton the second.  Colour has likewise to be re-
garded— the darkest hues transmitting the heat
most readily through them.  It has been found that
the same rule applies to odours—the  darker co-
lours retaining a greater amount of odorous par-
ticles  than the lighter.  Hence  the necessity of
white walls, white bed-clothes, Ac, in the wards
of hospitals; for it is probable that the like law
applies to contagious miasms.
  VESTURE, Vestitus.
  VETA, Puna.
   VETEMENT, Vestitus.
  VETERANA, Rubeola.
  VETERINARIUS, see Hippiater and Veteri-
nary.
. VET'ERINARY,  Veterina'rius,  (F.)  Vitiri-
naire, from veterinus, 'that which bears burdens;'
itself from vetere, ' to carry.'  That which  apper-
tains to beasts of burden : hence, veterinary sur-
geon, (see Farrier,) veterinary college, and veteri-
nary medicine.
  Veterinary Anatomy, see Anatomy.
  Veterinary Art, Ars seu Medici'na veter\na'-
ria, Zooi'asis, Zoiatri'a, Theriat'rica, Mulomedi-
ci'na, Zobtherapi'a, Zo'dtherapeu'tice,  Ars  zoiat'-
rica, Far'riery.  The art of treating the diseases,
&c, of cattle.
  VETERNOSITAS, Coma vigil.
  VETERNUS, Coma vigil.
  VETONICA CORDI, Betonica officinalis.
  VETULA, Sacrum.
  VEXILLA TUB ARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
Fallopian.
  VEXILLUM, Drapeau.
  VIA,  Way—v. Curandi, Ratio  medendi — v.
Stomachi et ventris, OSsophagus.
  VIABILITY,  see Viable.
  VI'ABLE, Viab'ilis, from via, 'way;'  or from
(F.) nt'e, 'life,' (Orfila.)  A word, which may be
introduced with great advantage  from the French
into our language.  It is an epithet  applied to a
fcetus whose organs are properly formed, and  so
developed as to permit its continued existence.
Every foetus  is not viable.  Anencephali have
lived ten or twelve days, yet they are  not viable-
a part or the whole of  the  brain being wanting. 
                    VIM

The older tho  foetus, the more viable is it.  It is
an idle prejudice that a child, born at the end of
eight months,  is less likely to live than  one born
at the end of seven.  The signs of viability are
drawn  from the weight, length, external confor-
mation, &c, of the foetus.   It may be laid down
as a general rule, that no  fcetus born before the
end of the seventh month is viable.
   VI^E CHYLIFER.E, Chyliferous vessels.
   Yi.e  Clandes'tin^e,  Clandeetine  Paeeages.
Supposititious secret ways or passages  or 'royal
roads,' to account for the rapid  transmission of
substances taken into the stomach to the kidneys
or bladder.
   A'i/E Extraordinary  Lactis,  Galactoplania
—v. Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages — v. Pri-
ma'. AVays, digestive—v. Secundae, AVays, second.'
   VIAL, Phiala.
   VIBI'CES,  Mol'opee,  Stria, (F.) Vergetnree.
Large purple spots, like the  marks  produced  by
the strokes  of a whip, which appear under the
skin in certain malignant fevers.   They are un-
favourable indications, as they denote great pros-
tration.
   A'IBRAMEN, Oscillation.
   VIBRANS, Vibratory.
   VIBRATILE, Vibratory.
   VIBRATIL'ITY, VibratiVUae,  from vibrare,
'to oscillate.'   Capability of being thrown into
vibration.
   VIBRATIO, Oscillation—v. Cardiaca, Palpita-
tion—v.  Cordis, Palpitation.
   VIBRATION, PECTORAL, see Fremitus—v.
Tactile, see  Fremitus—v. Tussive, see Tussive.
   VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, see Sound.
   VIBRATOR, Deferens vas.
   VI'BRATORY, Vi'brative,  Vibrane,  (F.) Vi-
bratile, from  vibrare, ' to quiver.'   An epithet
applied to the pain that accompanies some neu-
ralgia?, which seems to the patient to vibrate
among the nerves.
   AriBRAT0RY Motion, see Cilia.
   ArIBRATUS, Oscillation.
   ATB'RIO ;  from vibrare, 'to quiver.'   A genus
of infusory animalcules, of which different spe-
cies are met with,—for example, Vib'rio pro'lifer
in almost all putrescent fluids containing protein,
and in the pus of chancres;  in which last the V.
lineola has likewise been found.
   VIBRIS'SiE, from vibrare, 'to  quiver.' The
hairs which grow at the entrance of the nostrils
and of other  outlets.   In the feline  tribe, the
whiskers.
   VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,   Ilex  Para-
guensis.
   AriBUR'NUM  Denta'tum, Arrow   Wood, Mealy
Tree, Tily of  the  Indians.   A high indigenous
shrub, of the same family as V. lentago; the bark
of which has been used by the Indians as a
diuretic.
   Viburnum L.evtgatum, Ilex Paraguensis.
   Viburnum Lenta'go, Sweet Viburnum, Nanny-
berry.   A handsome indigenous tree, of the ho-
neysuckle family— Caprifoliacea?—which flowers
in May and June.  It has been used as an anti-
periodic.
   A'ibur'ntjm  Prunifo'lium,  Black Haw, Sloe-
leaved  Viburnum.   Indigenous:   flowering  in
Slay.  The  leaves have been used as tea.
   A'iburnum,  Slow-leaved, V. prunifolium—v.
Sweet, V. lentasro.
   A'IC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  A'ic-le-Compte is a small village in the de-
partment of Puy de Dome,  three  leagues from
Issoire;  where there is  an acidulous chalybeate,
which is aperient.
   ArICA'RIOUS, Vica'riue, from vide, ' change,
place.'   Taking the place of  another:—as 'vica-
5                VILLOUS

riou\; secretion,' Secre'tio vica'ria;  a  secretion
which takes place in one part instead of another.
  VICAR'S BRAY', MINERAL AA'ATERS OF.
This  spring is situate in Perthshire,  Scotland,
about two miles from Dollor, and near  to Blarn-
gone.  The water is one  of the strongest chaly-
beates known.
   VICE, Cachosis.
  VICHY, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Carbo-
nated alkaline chalybeates, the sources of which
are  at Vichy,  six leagues from Moulins, in the
department of  Allier.  The springs are seven in
number.  Almost all are thermal; give off bub-
bles of carbonic acid gas, and have a slightly sul-
phureous  odour.  They  deposite carbonates of
lime  and magnesia, and a little  oxide of iron;
and afford, on analysis, carbonates of lime, soda,
iron, and magnesia,  carbonic acid, sulphate of
soda, and  chloride  of sodium.  They are em-
ployed as tonics, particularly in chronic affections
of the abdominal viscera, in old catarrhs, diseases
of the joints,  Ac.
  Vichy Water, Factitious, Aqua Vicien'sis,
(F.) Eau de  Vichy, is made of simple  acidulous
water, impregnated with twice its bulk of carbo-
nic acid, t^xxss; subcarbonate of soda,  gr. xxxij;
sulphate of soda, gr. xvj ; chloride of sodium, gr.
iv; subcarbonate of magnesia, gr. ss ; chloride of
iron, gr. J.  Mix.   Ph. P.)
  VICIA, ERVILIA, Ervum.
  Vic"ia  Faba, Faba,  F.  major seu  vulgaris,
 Or'obus faba.  The Common Garden Bean, (F.)
 Feve ou f eve des marais.  Family, Leguminosa?.
 Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia Decandria.  A  native of
 Egypt, of which there are many varieties. Beans
 are not easy of digestion.  They are proverbially
flatulent,  especially when  old.  AVhen  young,
they are more  digestible and wholesome.  Bean
meal was one  of the four resolvent meals of the
ancients.
  VICINITRACTUS, Erysipelas.
  VICINITRAHA, Erysipelas.
  VICTORIALIS FEMINEA, Gladiolus vulga-
ris — v. Longa, Allium  victoriale — v.  Rotunda,
 Gladiolus vulgaris.
  VICTUS RATIO, Diet.
   VIDANGES, Lochia.
  VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid canal.
   VIE, Life—v. Durie de la, see Longevity—v.
 Mogenne, see Longevity.
   VIEILLESSE, Senectus.
   VIERGE, Virgin.
   VIF ARGENT, Hydrargyrum.
  VIGILANCE, Insomnia.
  VIGILANTIA, Egregorsis.
  VIGILATIO, Egregorsis.
  ATGILIA, Egregorsis.
  VIGILLE, Egregorsis—v. Nimia?, Coma vigil.
  VIGILIUM, Egregorsis.
   VIGNE, Vitis vinifera — v. Blanche, Bryonia
 alba—v. du Nord, Humulus  lupulus —  v. Vierge,
 Bryonia alba.
  VIGOR, Acme.
  VILLA  FRANCA, (CLIMATE  OF.)  This
 little town is situate immediately to the eastward
 of Montalbano, which separates the bay of Villa
 Franca from that of Nice.  It is on the southern
 declivity of a steep and lofty range of mountains;
 and is more effectually sheltered from  the north
 and north-west winds than Nice, with the climate
 of which that of Villa Franca closely corresponds.
  A'lLLI,  see Arillous membranes.
  VILLOUS,  Villo'eue, from villus,  '&  hair.'
  AriLLOus Membranes or  Coats,  Velamen'ta
 Bombyc"ina, (F.) Membranes villeuscs, Membranes
 veloutis, are such as are covered with soft papillae
 or  Villi, Flocci,  Floc'culi, Vesic'ula,  Cyliii'dri,
 Tubi Membrana'cei, constituted of blood-vessels,
9C 
VIN
906
ATINUM
nerves, and absorbents;  or such as  are  covered
with  fine down, so as to cause them to feel soft
and velvety.  The  term  is, however, chiefly re-
stricted to the former. Chaussier gives the name
simple villous  membranes  to  the serous  mem-
branes ;  and that of complicated or follicular vil-
lous membranes to the mucous membranes.  On
these membranes there are bodies endowed with
ciliary motion.
   VIN, AVine—v.  de Bordeaux, Claret — r.  de
Poulet, see Poulet—v. de Quinquina  composi, A'i-
num de kina kina compositum—v. Sec, Sack.
   VINAIGRE, Acetum, see Aceticum acidum—
17. Scillitique, Acetum scilla? — v. de Bois, Pyro-
ligneous acid.      A
   VINAIGRES  MEDICINAUX, Acetica.
  VINCA MINOR,  Fi'iiea pervin'ca,  Clem'atis
daphnoi'des  major, Lesser periwinkle, (F.) Per-
venche,  Violette des Sorciers.   It has bitter and
astringent properties, and has been  used in gar-
gles and diseases  of the chest.     »
  VINCETOXICUM, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
  VINCTURA, Fascia.
  VINCULA, Fascia.
  VINCULUM,  Bandage, Lien — v.  Caninum,
Fraenum penis—v.  Linguae, Fra?num lingua?—v.
Pra?putii, Fraenum penis—v. Umbilicale, Funicu-
lus umbilicalis.
  VINE, Vitis  vinifera—v. Grape, Vitis vinifera
—v. Poison,  Rhus radicans—v. Wild, Pareira.
  VINEGAR,  AROMATIC   SPIRIT  OF, see
Aceticum acidum — v. of Cantharides, Acetum
cantharidis—v. Common,  Acetum — v. Distilled,
see Aceticum acidum—v. Marseilles, Acetum aro-
maticum—v. of Meadow saffron, Acetum colchici
—v. of Opium, Gutta? nigra?—v. Radical, Aceti-
cum acidum — v.  of Squills, Acetum scilla? — v.
:f the Four  Thieves, Acetum  aromatieum — v.
Thieve0',  Acetum  aromaticum — v.  Whey, see
Acetum—v. of Wood, see Aceticum acidum.
   VINETTIER, Oxycantha Galeni.
   VINEUX, Vinous.
  VINOLENTA, see  Temulentia.
  VINOLENTIA, Temulentia.
  VINOSUS, Vinous.
  VINOUS,  Vino'sus, QSno'des, (Eno'i'dee.   Re-
lating to wine.  Having  the character of, or re-
sembling, wine.   Made of wine.
  VINUM, Wine, Sherry wine, (Ph. U. S. 1842,)
see Wine.
  AriNUM Absinthi'tes, IFi'ne of Wormwood. (Fol.
absinth, exeic, abeinth. Pontic, aa 5>vj> vini albi
Oiv.  Macerate for  24 hours, and strain.  Ph. P.)
Stimulant, tonic, febrifuge, vermifuge.
  A'inum  Adustum, Brandy—v. Album, Sherry
wine,  (Ph. U.S. 1851,)  see Wine—v. Album Hispa-
nicum, see AVine—v. Album Montanum, see Wine.
  Vinum  Al'oes,  V. aloes  Socotori'na, Vinum
aloet'icum, V. aro'mo-aloeticum, Wine of Aloes,
Tinctu'ra hi'era, Tinctura eacra.  (Aloes in pulv.
§j, cardam. cont., Zingib. cont., aa gj ', vini alb.
Oj.  Macerate for 14 days,  and filter.  Ph. L.)
Purgative and stomachic, according  to the dose.
Dose,  fif j to  fgij.
  Vinum Amarum, V. Gentiana? comp.—v. Ama-
rum scilliticum, &c, V. diureticum amarum — v.
Amarum  cum spiritfi.  vini, V. gentiana? composi-
tum — v. Antimoniale, V. antimonii tartarizati—
v. Antimoniatum  Huxhami, V. antimonii tartari-
zati—v. Antimonii potassio-tartratis, \r. antimonii
tartarizati.
  A'inum Antimonii, V. antimo'nii tartariza'ti,  V.
tart'ratis  antimonii, V. antimo'nii potas'sio-tar-
tratie, Liquor tar'tari emet'ici, Solution of tar'-
tarized antimony,  Essen'tia antimonii seu stib'ii,
Antimonial wine,  Vinum benedic'tum, Vinum an-
timonia'tum Huxha'mi, V. antimoniale, Aqua be-
nedic'ta Rulan'di,  T  inum  emet'icum.   (Ant.  et
Potass, tart, "fyj, vini albi f.^x.  Dissolve the tar-
tarized antimony in the wine.  Ph. V. S.)   Each
fluidounce contains two grains of the tartrate.
  The ordinary Antimonial  wine  is made with
glass of antimony £j, sherry Oiss.
   Ward's Red Drop consists of a  strong  vinous
solution of tartarized antimony.
  A'lNUM ANTISCORBU'TICUM,  Antiscorbu'tic wine.
(Rati,  armoracia  recent. ~;j, fol. cochlearia  re-
cent., nasturtii aquat., trifol. aqutitic.,scmin.eiiwp.,
aa ^ss, ammonia muriat. 5Jij, vin. albi Oij. TVla-
cerate  for 36 hours ; filter, and add tinctura coch-
lear. Sjss.  Ph. P.) Stimulant  and tonic.   Dose,
f^ss to f^ij.
  Vinum Aromat'icum, Aromatic tcine.  (Species
aromatic, ^iv, vin. rubr. Oij.  Macerate for 6 days
and filter.  Ph. P.) Stimulant  and tonic.   Used,
externally, in fomentations, embrocations, Ac.
  Vinum Aromo-aloeticum,  Ar. aloes — v. Bene-
dictum, V. antimonii tartarizati.
  A'inum Campa'num, V. Campana'ceum.  Cham-
pagne  wine.   A  well-known sparkling wine  of
France.
  A'inum Canarinum, see Wine—v. Chalybeatum,
V. ferri — v.  Cinchona? compositum, Y. de kind
kinS, comp.
  A'inum  Col'chici, Wine  of Colchicum, V. Col-
chici Radi'cie, Want's  Eau d'Hueeon.   (Colchic.
rad.  bene contus. Ibj, vini alb. Oij.   Macerate for
14 days, with occasional agitation, and  then  ex-
press strongly, and filter.  Ph. U. S.)   It may
also be prepared  by displacement.  Diuretic, se-
dative, and  purgative.  Chiefly  used  in  gout.
Dose, gtt. 40  to fsjj.
  Reynold'e  Specific for gout  and  rheumatism
consisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of Cclchicum ^viij,
Sherry wine,  f^xvj.  The.  colchicum was mace-
rated for eight or ten days in the wine, at a. gentle
heat;  coloured with ayrup of poppiee  and  fla-
voured with  rum.   Reynolds  is  said  to have
killed himself by taking an over-dose of it.
  A'inum Colchici Radicis, V.  colchici.
  A'inum  Colchici Sem'inis, Wi»ie of Colchicum
aeed.   (Colchic. eem.  cont. |>iv;  vini  alb. Oij.
Macerate  for 14 days, with occasional  agitation,
then express  and filter.  Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, f 3j to

  AriNUM Cbematum, Brandy.
  Vinum Diuret'icum Ama'rum,  Vinum amarum
scillit'icum compos'itum  in Charita'tis Nosocomi'o
uaurpa'tum, Bitter diuret'ic wine.  (Cort. cinchon.,
TFi'iireran., limon., aa ^ij, rhue toxicodendr., scilla,
cacumin. angelica, aa ^ss, fol. abeinth,, melieaa,
aa ]fj, boccar. junip.,  made,  aa  5ss,  vin. alb,
Oviij.  Macerate and filter.  Ph. Pi)  Stimulant,
tonic, and diuretic.  Dose, f^ss to f^iss.
  Vinum Emeticum, V. antimonii tartarizati.
  Vinum  Er'got^e, Wine of  Ergot.   (Ergota,
cont,  ^ij; vini alb. Oj.  Macerate for 14 days,
with occasional agitation; then express, and filter.
Ph. U. S.)   Dose,  TTl^xx to  f^j to  produce  the
peculiar effects of ergot.
  Vinum Ferratum, V. Ferri.
  A'inum  Ferri,  V.  chalybea1turn, Steel wine,
Wine  of Iron, Vinum ferra'tum,  V. Martia'tum,
V.  Martie,  Tinctura  Martie  vino'ea,  Tinctura
Martia cum  vino.  (Iron,  £},  auper-tartrate  of
Potaaa, in powder, £vj, dietilled water, Oij or q. s.,
proof  epirit,  f,^xx.  Rub the iron and super-
tartrate of potass together, and expose them to
the air in a flat vessel, moistened with a fluidounce
of water,  for  a fortnight; agitating every  day
with a spatula, and sprinkling  them with water,
to keep them  moist.   Then dry  with  a gentle
heat, and mix with J|xxx of dietilled water.  Pil.
ter the fluid and add the spirit.  Ph. L.)  Tonic.
Dose, f3J to f-Jiv.
  It is sometimes made by adding two pinte of 
VINUM
907
VIRGINITY
wine to two ounces of iron filings ; macerating and
filtering.
  Vinum Gentia'na  Compos'itum, V. Ama'rum,
Compound  wine  of gentian, Infu'sum  ama'rum
vino'sum, Vinum  amarum cum epiritd vini, Wine
bittere.  (Had. gentian, lutea ^ss,  cort. cinchon.
°jfic- '&S'fort- aurant.  5Jij, canella alb. £j, alcohol.
dilut. f^iv, vini  alb. Hiepanic. Oijss.  Ph. E.)
Dose, f !Jj to f^vj.
  Vinum Hippocraticitm, Claret—v. Hispanicum,
Arinum, see  AVine—v. Hordeaceum, Cerevisia,—v.
Hydatodes,  see Hydatoid.
  A'inum  Ii'ecacuan'h^;,  Ipecacuan'ha  wine.
(Ipecacuan. cont. ^ij, vini alb. Oij.)  Macerate
for 14 days, express, and filter.   Emetic and dia-
phoretic.  Dose,  as an emetic, f giv to fgx.
  AriNUM de Kmi Kina Compos'itum, V. cincho'-
na compoaitum, Compound bark wine, (F.) Fi'ii de
quinquina  compoei.  (Cort. cinchon. pulv. Ibss,
quaaaia, cort. Winteran., cort. aurant. sice,  aa
£ss, alcohol. (12° to 22° Beaume) Oj.  Macerate
for 24 hours;  and  add vini albi Ovj.  Macerate
for four days, and  filter.  Ph. P.)   Tonic, febri-
fuge, and stomachic.   Dose, f.^ss to f^ij.
  Vinum  Martiatum,  V.  ferri — v. Martis,  V.
ferri — v. Medicatum, see Claret.
  Vinum Medicina'le, Medicated  Wine.   Wine,
holding in solution one or more medicines.  Me-
dicinal  wines  are obtained  by macerating  or  di-
gesting medicinal  substances  in  wine.    They
differ, of course,  according  to the  nature  of the
medicine employed, the strength ofthe wine, <fee.
In  a late  Pharmacopoeia  of the London College,
all the  wines were  changed into weak tinctures;
but the old  names were left unaltered.  Sherry is
the wine  usually employed.  The following are
medicated wines.
  Vinum Merum, Acratum—v. Nicotiana? tabaei,
V.  tabaci — v. Opiatum fermentatione paratum,
Laudanum  abbatis Rousseau.
   A'inum  O'pii, IFi'iie of Opium, Vinum de opio
compos'itum,  Laud'an um Uq'uidum Sydenha'mi,
Laudanum  liquidum  Hoffman'ni,  Tinctu'ra The-
ba'ica,  Ford'e laudanum.  (Opii  in pulv. §ij;
cinnam. cont., caryophyll. cont. aa 2[j ; vini albi
Oj.  Macerate for 14 days; express and filter.—
Ph. U.  S.) Narcotic.   Dose, gtt. xv to f3J.
   Vinum de Opio Compositum, V. opii—v. Pica-
tum, Pissites.
   Vinum Portugal'licum, V. rubrum, (Ph. U.  S.
1851.)  Wine of  Portugal or of  Oporto.  Port
wine.   A  strong  astringent  wine,   not  much
drunk  in the United States;  but greatly used
in  England.
   Vinum  Qui'nia, Wine of Quinia.  ( Wine Ibij,
sulphate of quinia gr.  x. Mix.)   Dose, f.^iss  or
more;  according as it is used as a stomachic,  or
to  arrest ague.   A  Vinum Cincho'nia  may be
made in the same way.
   Vinum  Rhei,  V. R.  palma'ti, Rhubarb TFi'iic,
 Tinctura Rhabar'bari Vino'ea, Vinum Rhabarbari,
Elixir  Rhei  dulce, E. R.  Compos'itum.   (Rhei
cont. ^ij, canella  cont %), alcohol,  dilut. f.^ij,
vini albi, 0].  Macerate for 14 days;  express and
filter. — ph.  U.  S.)   Laxative and stimulant.
Dose, f.^iv  to f.^iss.
   Vinu'm  Rhei Palmati, Ar. Rhei—v. Rhenanum,
see Wine — v. Rhabarbari, V. rhei palmati — v.
Rubrum, V. Portugallicum — v. Rubrum  Portu-
gallicum, see AVine.
   Atinum  Tab'aci,  Vinum Nicotia'na Tabaci, To-
bae'eo  Wine.  (Tabac. incis. ^j,  vini albi,  Oj.
Macerate for 14  days; express and strain.  Ph.
U. S.)  Narcotic, diuretic, and  antispasmodic.
In dropsical  cases,  colica  pictonum, and ileus.
Not used.   Dose, gtt. xx to xxxvj.
   A'inum  Vera'tri,  V. V.  albi, Wine of White
Hellebore.   (Veratri cont. $iv;   Vini albi,  Oj.
Macerate for 14 clays, express and filter.—Ph. U.
S.) In cutaneous affections, and in gout.  Dose,
ten minims.
  AriNUM A'eratri Albi, V. A'eratri.
  \rIOL, Stuprum.
  ATOLA, Viola odora'ta seu mar'tia, Ion, Ma-
trona'lie, Viola'ria, the Sweet Violet, (V.) Yiolette
a bouquets, V. odorante.  The flowers of the sweet
violet have a pleasant, peculiar odour, and scarcely
any taste.  They are slightly laxative.
  A'iola Cani'na, V. eylnts'trie.  The Dog Violet.
The root of this plant is emetic and cathartic.
Dose, 9j.
  A'iola  Ipecacuanha, see  Ipecacuanha — v.
Lutea, Cheiranthus  cheiri—v. Martia, A'iola—v.
Odorata, Viola—v. Palustris, Pinguicola vulgaris.
  A'iola Peda'ta, Viola, (Ph. U. S.)   This  in-
digenous violet,  which grows from New England
to Carolina, is regarded by some  as a  useful  de-
mulcent in pectoral affections.
  Viola Sylvestris, V. Canina.
  Viola Tri'color,  Heart's ease, Paneiee, Jace'a
tricolor, Herba seu Floe Trinita'tie, (F.) Peneie,
P. eauvagc.  The decoction of this beautiful little
plant has been recommended  in  diseases of  the
skin,  <fec.  Its roots are, also, emetic and cathartic.
   VIOLARIA, Viola.
   VIOLET, DOG, Viola canina—v. Bloom,  So-
lanum dulcamara—v. Sweet, Viola.
   VIOLETTEA BOUQUETS, Viola—v. Odor-
ante,  Viola—v. des Sorciers, Vinca minor.
   VIOLIER JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   VIORNA, Clematis vitalba.
   VIPER, EGYPTIAN, Aspis—v. Grass, Scor-
zonera—v. Ten inch long, Echidna ocellata.
   VIPERA, Coluber berus.
   ATPERARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria, Scor-
zonera.
   VIPERINA VIRGINIANA, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria.
   A'lR, Penis—v. Effoeminatus, Gynsecaner.
   A'IRAGO, see Pogoniasis.
   A'IRGA,  Penis—v. Cerea, Bougie—v. Cerebri,
Pineal gland.
   VIRGILIA, Cladrastis tinctoria.
   A'IRGIN, Virgo,Par''thelitis, Expersnuptia'rum,
(F.) Vierge, Pucelle.  A female  who has never
had sexual intercourse.  Applied, also, occasion-
ally to the male so circumstanced.
   ATR'GINAL, Virgina'le, from virgo, 'a virgin.'
The external genital organs of the virgin.
   Virginal Membrane, Hymen.
   VIRGIN'IA, MINERAL WATERS OF. There
are several celebrated mineral springs in Virginia,
on the western side of the  Blue Ridge.  Two
Thermal springs exist in Bath county.  The Warm
Spring, as it is called, issues with a bold stream,
sufficient to turn a mill, and to keep the water of
its basin at the temperature  of 97°.   The Hot
Spring is a few miles from the AY arm.  Its tem-
perature is 107°.  They  are  both  slightly sul-
phureous.  The Sweet  Springs are at the eastern
foot of the Allegheny,  in Botetourt county;  42
miles from the AVarm Springs.  The water has a
temperature  of 70°, and  is highly impregnated
with  carbonic acid.  The White Sulphur, as well
as  the Red Sulphur, and Salt Sulphur Springs,
are also much  celebrated.  The Red Spring is
affirmed to exert a sedative  influence on  the
pulse, diminishing  the number of  its beats.
About  15 miles from  Staunton are  Stribling'*
Springs — a sulphuretted water;  and near AVar-
renton, in Fauquier county, there is  a sulphu-
reous water, called Lee's Springs, which is much
frequented.   Berkley  and  Capon  Springe   arei
likewise celebrated.
   A'irginia. Hymen.
   A'lllClMTTY, Virgin'itae, Parthenei'a, In teg' 
VIRGIN'S BOWER
908
VISUAL
ritae, Maid'enhood,  Maid'enhead, (F.) Virginiti,
Pucilage.  The state of one who has never had
carnal commerce.
  VTRGIN'S  BOAVER,  CO MAI ON, Clematis
vitalba, Clematis Virginica — v. Bower, upright,
Clematis recta—v. Sweet-scented, Clematis flam-
mula.
  Virgin's Milk, Lac Vir'ginis, Lac Virgina'le,
(F.) Lait virginal.   A tincture of benjamin or
of any other balsam, precipitated by the addition
of water, which  gives it a milky  appearance.
Also, sub-acetate of lead  precipitated by water.
It has been used as  a cosmetic to remove freckles,

  VIRGINITAS DEFLORATA, Defloration.
  A'IRGO, Virgin—v. Aurea, Solidago virgaurea.
  A'IRGULA, Penis.
   VIRIDE iERIS, Cupri subacetas—v. Monta-
num, Cuprum.
  VIRILE, Penis.
  VIRILES'CENCE; from vir,  'a man.'   The
state of the  aged female in which she assumes
certain  of the  characteristics  of the  male.—
Mehliss.
   VIRILIA, Pudibilia.
   VIRILITY, Adult age.
   VIROSUS. Virulent.
   VIRTUE, Faculty.
   VIRTUS  FORMATRIX, Plastic force—v.
^lastica, Plastic force.
   VIR'ULENT, Virulen'tus, Viro'sus, from virus.
That which is of the nature of a virus  or which
is caused by  a virus. Highly noxious.
   VIRUS,  from vis,  'force.'   A Latin  word,
which signifies poison; but which, in medicine,
has a  somewhat different acceptation.  By it is
understood a principle, unknown in its nature and
inappreciable by the senses, which is the  agent
for the transmission of infectious diseases.  Thus
we speak of the variolic, vaccine, and eyphilitic vi-
ruses.  Virus differs from venom in the latter being
a secretion natural  to certain animals, whilst the
former is always the result  of a morbid process;
—a morbid poison.
   Virus, Ichor, Poison, Sanies—v. Vaccine, see
Vaccina — v. Vitale, Sperm.
   VIS,  Force — v.  Adhaesionis,  Cohesion  (force
of) — v. Attractionis, Cohesion  (force of)—v.
Aucta, Sthenia — v. Cohaesionis, Cohesion  (force
of) — v, Conservatrix, V. medicatrix natura? —
v.  Elastica,  Elasticity — v. Essentialis, Plastic
force.
   Vis Expul'trix. The organic force by which,
it was  supposed, the useless was removed from
 the body.
   Vis Formativa,  Plastic force —v. Generatrix,
 Potentia generandi—v. Imminuta, Asthenia—v.
 Insita, Irritability—v. Irritabilitatis, Irritability.
   Vis Medica'trix Natu'ra, Vis conserva'trix,
 Autocrati'a,  Autonom'ia, Autocrato'ria, Authy-
 gian'eie,  Autotherapei'a,  Phyeiat'rice,  Phyeio-
 autocrati'a, Physiautocrati'a.  A term, employed
 by  some,  to express  that instinctive healing
 power, in  an animal or vegetable,  by  virtue of
 which it can repair injuries inflicted upon  it, or
 remove  disease.
   Vis  Mor'tua.   Under  this name Haller in-
 cluded the mechanical properties of membrane,
 —flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, &c.—which
 are totally independent  of the vital properties.
 They  remain some time after the complete ex-
 tinction of life in all its functions; seem to be
 connected with the mechanical  arrangement of
 particles and the  chymical composition of the
 substance  in which they reside, and not to  be
 affected until the progress  of decomposition has
 become sensible.
    Vis Muscularis, Myodynamia—v. Nervorum,
Nervous power—v. Nervosa, Nervous power—v.
Plastica,  Plastic force—v. Reproductiva, Plastic
force—v. Vita?, Irritability.
  Vis AriTA'Lis, Vie seu  Fac'ultae Zo'tica, (F.)
Force vitale.  The  vital force — Biod of Baron
Von Reichenbach — which  distinguishes living
matter from the dead.  Also, Irritability.
  A'is Zotica, Vis vitalis.
   VISAGE, Countenance.
  A'ISCAGO BEHEN, Cucubalus behen.
  VISCERA, Entrails.
  VISCERAL, Splanchnic.
  VISCERALIS, Stomachal.
  VISCERATION, Exenterismus.
   VISCERES,  Entrails.
  VISCONIA,  Physconia.
  A'ISCUM ALBUM, Mie'tlctoe, Ixoe, Ix'ia, Da-
bach, (F;) Gui.  A parasitic plant, which grows
on'a nnmber of trees.  Family,  Caprifoliacea?.
Sex. Sy8t. Dioecia Tetrandria.  That of the oak—
 Viscum querci'num — has  been most  celebrated,
but it does not differ from the others.  It was,
at  one time, much used in epilepsy and other
neuroses;  the  wood or leaves being  given  in
powder, in the  dose of gss or gj.  The berries,
also  called Pommee hemorrho'idalee, from their
supposed virtues, are drastic; and, when applied
externally, are maturative.
   Viscum  Capen'se.  A South  African parasitic
shrub, which grows on the stems of  several spe-
cies of Rhus and Euclea.
   Viscum  Flaves'cens,  Yel'lowieh  Mie'tletoe,
indigenous, has been given in  similar cases  as
the Viecitm album.
   VISIO, Pupil, Vision.
   VIS'ION, Vie'io, Viaua,  from  videre, viaum,
'.to see;' Opaie, Omma,  (F.) Vue.   The action
of  seeing.   The eight.   The sight is one of the
five senses, and tho eye is  its organ.  By it we
distinguish colours, and appreciate  most of the
physical qualities of external objects. The eye is
composed  of different  transparent media, whose
curvatures and refractive powers are so combined
as  to render insensible the aberrations of spheri-
city and refrangibility,  and  to concentrate the
numerous  rays proceeding  from more  or less
 distant objects.  These rays traverse,  success-
ively, the transparent cornea,  the  aqueous hu-
 mour, the crystalline, the vitreous humour, and
 strike upon the retina,  on which they impress
 the figure of the object whence they have pro-
 ceeded ;  and, in order that no obscurity may arise
 from the reflections that might otherwise occur,
 the anterior of the eye is lined by a  membrane—
 the choroid—which is itself covered internally by
 a dark pigment.  This absorbs the light, like the
 dark pigment  in  the interior of telescopes, and
 thus obviates confusion.  As the rays proceeding
 from an  object must cross each other in their
 course to  the  retina,  it follows that those pro-
 ceeding  from  the upper part of an  object must
 fall upon the lower part of the retina, and con-
 versely ;  so that the object must be impressed
 upon the retina in an inverted  position; yet ex-
 perience teaches us to appreciate the position ac-
 curately.
   Vision,  Binocular,  see  Binocular — v. Co-
 loured,  Chromopsia — v.  Double, Diplopia — v.
 Single, s§e Binocular.
    VISORIUM ORGANUM, Eye.
    ArISORIUS, Visual.
    ATS'UAL, Viaua'lie, Vieo'riua. Same etymon.
 That which concerns the sight or belongs to vision.
    Visual  Angle is  the  angle  formed by  the
 crossing of two rays, proceeding from opposite
 points of any  body, in their passage through  the
 pupil. Itis by the size of this angle that we judge,
 to a certain extent, of the dimensions of objects. 
VOCAL
                    VISUS

  VISUS,  Vision —v.  Acris,  Oxydercia —v. I
Acrior,  Nyctalopia —v. Coloratus,  Chromopsia
■ -v. Debilitas, Asthenopia —v. Decolor, Achro-
matopsia^- v. Dimidiatus, Hemiopia—v. Diurnus,
Hemeralopia—v. Duplicatus,  Diplopia—v. Hebe-
tudo, Amblyopia—v. Juvenum, Myopia—v. Lu-
cidus, Photopsia —v. Muscarum,  see  Metamor-
phopsia—v. Nocturnus, Nyctalopia — v. Senilis,
Presbytia.
  VITA, Life—v. Propria, Irritability.
  VITAL,  Vita'lis, Biot'ic, Biot'icus, (F.)  Vital,
from  vita,  'life.'  Relating  or appertaining  to
life; — as
  Vital Dynamics, see Dynamic—v. Force, Vis
vitalis.
  Vital Prin'ciple, Flam'inula seu Aura vita'-
lis, Microcosme'tor,  (F.)  Flomme  vitale,  Vital
Flame.  The principle which, in association with
matter,  as in  organized bodies, controls its ma-
nifestations and properties, and  distinguishes or-
ganized matter from the inorganic.  AVe  know
nothing of this principle, except in its connexion
with organization.
  Vital Properties,  see Properties, vital — v.
Statistics, Statistics,  medical.
  A'lTALBA, Clematis  vitalba.
  A'lTAL'ITY, Vital'itas, from vita, ' life.'  The
vital  principle: also used in the  sense of vital
action or movement.
  VITALIZE, To endow with life.
  VITALS, Vita'lia.  Parts that  are  necessary
for life — the  heart, lungs, and nervous centres
more especially.
  VITARO'BORANT,  PALMER'S.  A farina-
ceous preparation, which appears to consist of a
mixture of the red or Arabian  lentil and wheat
flour, the latter in considerable amount, sweet-
ened with sugar.  It bears considerable resem-
blance to Revalenta.
  A'lTELLARY, Vitelline —v. Membrane, Zona
pellucida.
   VITELLINE, Zona pellucida.
  A'lT'ELLINE, Vitel'linus, Vit'ellary, from vi-
tellus. ' the yolk of an egg.'  Appertaining  to or
resembling the vitellus or yolk.
  A'itelline  Disc, Proligerous Disc — v. Fluid,
see A'esicula umbilicalis.
  AriTELLiNE Ped'icle or Apoph'ysis, is the pedi-
cle which attaches the umbilical  vesicle to the
embryo.  See Vesicula umbilicalis.
  Vitelline  Pouch, A'esicula umbilicalis — v.
Vessels, Omphalo-mesenteric.
  VITELLO-MESENTERIC,   Omphalo-mesen-
teric.
  VITELLUM  OVI, see  Ovum.
  VITELLUS OVI, see Ovum.
  VITEX, V. Agnus Castua seu verticilla'to, Ag-
nus Castus,  (F.)  Gottilier, Petit Poivre,  Poirre
sauvage. Family,  Pyrenacea?.   Sex. Syst.  Didy-
namia Angiospermia.   The  Chaste  Tree.   The
seeds, when fresh, have a fragrant smell, and an
acrid, aromatic taste. Formerly, they were cele-
brated as antaphrodisiacs.
  VITI SALTUS, Chorea.
  A'lTIA  PRLALE  CONFORMATIONIS,  see
Monster.
  VITIATIO, Stuprum.
  A'lTILIGINES, Ephelides.
  A'lTILIGO, Lepra—v. Alphus, Lepra alpho-
ides—v. Melas, Lepra nigricans—v. Nigra,  Lepra
nigricans.
  VITIS  ALBA SYLA'ESTRIS,  Bryonia alba
- -v. Apyrena, see V. Corinthiaca.
  A'itis" Corinthiaca.   Family of the  A'ines.
Sex. Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.   This  plant
affords the Uva paeea  mino'rea, Possa Corinthi-
aca, Pas'sula mino'rea,  Uva  Corinthiaca, Corin-
thiaca,  Curranta, (F.) Raisins de Corinthe; which
I are the dried frnit of the Vitis  Corinthiaca or
 IVa's apyre'na ;  and are similar, in their proper-
 ties, to the raisin.
   Vitis Id^ea Myrtii.lus, Vaccinium myrtillus
 — v. Ida?a Palustris,  A'aecinium oxycoccos — v.
 Ida?a punctata, A'aecinium vitis ida?a—v. Sativa,
 V. vinifera.              *
   A'itis  A'inif'era,  V.   sati'va, Am'pelos,  A.
 CEnoph'oroa.   The Grape vine,  the  Vine,  (F.)
 Vicjne.   Vine leaves  and the tendrils  have an
 astringent taste, and were formerly used in diar-
 rhoea, hemorrhage, &c.  The juice or sap, called
 Lac'ryma,  has  been recommended  in calculous
 disorders  and in  cases of chronic  ophthalmia.
 The juice of the  unripe fruit is called  Verjuice.
 The Grape, Uva, Botrya,  Staph'yli,  Rhax,  (F.) /
 Raisin, when ripe, is a wholesome delicious fruit;
 and, when dried, forms the Uva passa  majo'res,
 Pass'ula majo'res, Uva paeea sole,  sicca'ta, Zi-
 beba,  Raisins.   These are inodorous; and to the
 taste,   sub-acidulous,  sweet,  and mucilaginous.
 They  are demulcent and nutritive.
   VITIUM, Disease—v. Caducum, Epilepsy.
   A'itium Conforma'tionis.  A disease or fault
 of conformation.
   Vitium  Divinum,  Epilepsy — v.  Herculeum,
 Epilepsy—v. Scrophulosum, Scrofula.
   VITRARIA,  Parietaria.
   VITREOUS,  Hyaline—v. Humour, Corpus vi-
 treum—v. Humour ofthe  ear, Vitrine auditive.
   VITREUS, Hyaline.
    VITRINE AUDITIVE  (F.), from vitrum,
 'glass;'  End'olymph, Liquor of Scarpa, Fluid
 of Scarpa, Jltreous  Humour of the  Ear.   The  '
 fluid contained  in the membranous labyrinth of
 the ear,  so called from  its  resemblance  to the
 vitreous humour of the eye.
   A'lTRIOL, Ferri sulphas—v. Blue, Cupri sul-
 phas— v. Caeruleum,  Cupri sulphas — v.  Green,
 Ferri   sulphas — v. Roman,  Cupri  sulphas — v.
 AVhite, Zinci sulphas.
   VITRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinci  sulphas—v.
 Ammoniacale, Ammonia?  sulphas—v. Cupri, Cu-
 pri sulphas—v. Cyprium, Cupri sulphas—v. Ferri,
 Ferri sulphas — v. Goslariense, Zinci sulphas — v.
 Martis, Ferri sulphas — v. Romanum, Cupri sul-
 phas—v. A'eneris, Cupri sulphas—v. A'iride, Ferri
 sulphas—v. Zinci, Zinci sulphas..
   ANTRUM, Hy'alos, Glass, Braneia, (F.)Ferre,
 from videre, ' to see.'   Glass, coarsely powdered,
 has been sometimes used to remove specks of the
 cornea.
   Powdered  glass has been  regarded, but erro-
 neously,  as a poison.  It acts only mechanically.
   The saline scum, which swims on  glass when
 first made, has been used in tooth-powders.  It is
 called  Sandiver,  Sel de verre, Glass  Gall, Fel
 vitri,  <fcc.
   Antrum Antimonii, see Antimonii vitrum — v.
 Hypoelepticum, Separatorium — v. Oculare,  see
 Spectacles—v. Sublimatorium, Aludel.
   VITTA, Bandelette, Caul.
   A'lV.ESECTIO, A'ivisection.
   VFVERRA CIA'ETTA, see Civetta.
    VIVIPARITE, see Viviparous.
   A'lVIP'AROUS, from vivue, 'alive,' and paria,
 'I bring  forth.'   An  epithet applied  to animals
 whose young are brought forth detached, without
 requiring to be hatched, as in  the  Oviparous.
 The condition  may be termed  Yivij/arousness,
 (F.) Viripariti.   See Generation.
   YIYIPAROl'SXESS, see Viviparous.
   A'IVISECTION, Virisec'tio, Vira«ec'tio, Bio-
 toin'ia, fr«m virus, 'alive,' and secare, secturn, 'to
 cut'   The  act, of opening  or dissecting living
 animals.    One  who  performs vivisections  is a
 vivisector.
   A'OCAL, Oral—v. Tube, see Tube, vocal. 
VOCALIS
910
VOMITING
  VOCALIS, Vowel.
  VOCE DI PETTO,  see  Voice — v. di Testa,
see  A'oice.
  A'OICE,  Vox, Audi,  Phone,  (F.)  Foi'.r,  from
vocare, ' to  name, to call.'  An appreciable sound
produced by the air, when driven from the lungs,
throwing the inferiorligaments of the glottis into
vibration.  The function by which this is effected
has been called Phona'tion.   It is a function of
animal life; and,  in animals, is  limited  to the
production  of the  simple or instinct'ive voice, as
well as in the idiot;  but, in  intellectual man, be-
comes much more complicated and articulated,—
an evidence of  his intellectual superiority.
  Voice, Artic'ULATED, Speech, Loque'la, Glossa,
Glotta, La'lia, Phrasis,  (F.)  Parole, Voix articu-
lie, is the voice as produced by the glottis, modi-
fied by the  motions of the tongue, lip,  and other
parts of the vocal tube.  Most physiologists agree
in regarding the glottis, or  the  space between
the thyro-arytenoid ligaments plus the  ligaments
themselves, as  the part where vocal sounds are
formed;  but the mechanism of this formation  is
a matter of dispute.  The greater part  of indivi-
duals regard the glottis and its  ligaments, with
the vocal tube, or the space which the sound has
to traverse  after it is produced in the  glottis, as
a reed instrument, like the clarionet, the inferior
ligaments of the glottis constituting the reed.  In
speech,  as  ordinarily effected, the  tongue, lips,
teeth, &c.,  are  concerned,  but  there  are some
authentic cases on record, where it has been ac-
complished after the tongue  has  been  removed.
In such  cases,  the articulated voice must have
been produced in the glottis alone, or in it aided
by an obscure action of  the parts above it.
  The singing voice is not limited to the larynx;
the pharynx would  seem to be  concerned also.
The  notes  that are produced in the latter have
been  termed supra-laryngeal,  or notes  of the
second register.   They constitute the pharyngeal
voice, falaetto  or foucette voice or voce di teata,
(I.)   The laryngeal voice or voice of the firat re-
giater, is the Voce di Petto, (I.)
  A'oice, Bleating, Egophony—v. Cavernous,
Pectoriloquy.
  Voice, Chol'eric, Vox Choler'ico.  The pecu-
liar husky voice of those affected with cholera.
  Voice, Convul'sive, Vox convulei'va,  (F.)
Voix convulaive.  A  neurosis of the voice, con-
sisting in the production of  discordant sounds —
acute and grave—which cannot be brought to the
natural tones by any effort of volition.  It seems
to be caused  by  disordered contraction  of the
muscles of  the larynx.
  A'oice, Falsetto, see Voice—v. Goat's, Ego-
phony— v. Laryngeal, Laryngophony, see Voice
—v. Pharyngeal, see Voice—v. Tracheal, Laryn-
gophony.
   VOIE, Way.
  VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways, digestive—v.
Lochrymolee, Lachrymal passages—v. Premierea,
AVays, digestive—v.  Seconde8, Ways, second—v.
Urinairee,  Urinary passages.
   VOILE  DU PALAIS, Arelum pendulum pa-
lati— v.  Midullaire infirieure, A'elum  medullare
inferius — v. Midullaire eupirieure, A'alvula Vi-
eussenii.
   VOIX, Voice — v. Aigre,  see Acid—v. Articu-
lee,  A'oice,  articulated,  Pectoriloquy — v.  Bour-
aonnante,  see  Resonance — v.  Bronchique, Re-
sonance— v. Caverneuee, Pectoriloquy—v. Chi-
vrotante, Egophony — v. Egophonique,  Egophony
—v. de Polichinelle, Egophony — v. Sinile, Ego-
phony—v.  Tubaire, see  Resonance.
  VOLA, Palm—v. Manfls, Palm—v. Pedis, Sole.
  VOLATICA, Lichen.
  VOLATILIZA'TION, Volatiliaa'tio, Volatiea'-
tio, from volare, 'to fly.'  The operation of redu-
cing volatilizable substances into gas or vapour.
  A'OLATISATIO, A'olatilization.
  A'OLIT"ION,  Volif'io,  from volo,  'to  will.'
The act of willing.  Hence :
  A'OLIT'TONAL, relating to volition.   Thus
the muscles may be moved by  a volitional  or by
an emotional impulse.
  VOLNUS, Wound.
  VOLSELLA, Acanthobolos, Forceps, Madiste.
rium—v. Patini, Valet d Patin.
  VOLTAISM, Galvanism.
  A'OLTUS, Countenance,  Face.
  VOL'UNTARY,  Hecu'eiua,  Volunta'riua, from
voluntas, 'will.'  Relating to the will;  as 'volun-
tary muscles;' muscles which act in obedience to
the will.
  A'OLUNTAS,  Volen'iia,  Arbit'rium,  Cupid'-
itas,  Boule'sis, Bule'eis,  Thele'ma,  (F.) Volonti.
Will or  desire.
  A'olun'tas seu Cupid'itas Desedend'i, Lubi'-
do intesti'ni.   The desire to go  to stool.
  A'OLA'ULUS,  Ileus — v. Intestinorum, Intus-
susceptio.
  VOMENDI CONAMEN INANE,  Vomituri-
tion.
  VOMER, 'a ploughshare;' Os vo'merie,  Ara'-
trum,  Oa max ill' a superio'ris undec"imum.   One
of the bones of the face, so  called from its resem-
blance.   It is an azygous bone, forming the pos-
terior part of the septum narium.  It is thin, flat,
and quadrilateral;  and is  articulated, below, to
the superior maxillary and palatine bones; and
above, to  the sphenoid, ethmoid, and cornets  of
Bertin.  It is  developed by a single point of os-
sification.   Also, the penis.
  VOM'ICA. Pyocys'tis, from vomere, 'tovomit/
'to cast up.'   (F.) Vomique, Crachement de pua.
A term  used by some authors for any encysted
collection  of purulent matter in the interior of a
viscus.  The  acceptation is commonly, however,
restricted  to purulent collections in  the lungs,
encysted or not, which may be  discharged by the
mouth,  by breaking into  the  bronchial tubes.
Two kinds of vomica? are distinguished; the one
caused  by the softening or breaking down  of
pulmonary tubercles ;  the  other, of much  more
rare occurrence, formed by a circumscribed abscess
of the lungs.  Instead of opening into the bron-
chia, the abscess is sometimes discharged into the
cavity ofthe pleura, causing empyema.
  VOMICINE, Brucia.
   VOMIQUE, Vomica.
   VOMIQUIER,  Strychnos nux vomica.
   VOMISSEMENT,  Vomiting — ti. de  Sang,
Hsematemesis.
  A'OMIT,  Emetic —v. Black,  Fever, yellow,
Melaena.
   Vomit,  Dry, of Marriott.  A once celebrated
emetic,  called 'dry,' from its having been given
without solution.  It consisted of equal portions
of tartrate of antimony and potassa, and sulphate
of copper.
   VOMITIF, Emetic.
   VOMITINE, Emetine.
   VOM'ITING,  Vom'itus, Vomit"io, VomWium,
 Vom'itum, Evomit"io, Ana'trope, Em'eels vomit"io,
Palmtis vom'itus, jEgritu'do ventric'uli, Spewing,
Puking, Sickness  of the Stomach,  (F.)  Vomisse-
ment, from vomere,  'to cast up.'    The act by
which solids  and liquids, contained in the sto-
mach, are ejected  by the mouth. A'omiting is the
effect of some special irritation of the nerves of
the stomach, calling, by reflex action, on the  ap-
propriate muscles  to  expel  the  contents  of  the
viscus.    It is not  accomplished  solely by  the
contraction of the  stomach,  as was  for a long
time believed.  That organ, indeed, assists in  the 
VOMITIO
911
VULVO-UTERINE
process;  but the  main cause is the compression
exerted  upon  the  parietes of the viscus by the
diaphriigm and abdominal muscles.  A'omiting is
a symptom  common  to numerous diseases.  At
times, it is sympathetic, as in affections of the
kidney,  uterus, brain, Ac.   At others, it is symp-
tomatic,  as  in gastritis,  peritonitis,  Ac.  AVhen
very troublesome, it may often be palliated by
effervescent draughts, aromatics, sinapisms,  or
blisters  to the epigastric region, Ac.
  A'omiting  at Pleasure,  Regurgitation — v.
of Blood, Haematemesis — v. Stercoraceous, Co-
premesis.
  VOMITIO, Vomiting—v. Sanguinis, Hasmate-
mesis.
  VOMITIUM, A'omiting.
  VOMITO  NEGRO, Fever, yellow —v. Prieto,
 Fever, yellow.
  VOMITORIUM, Emetic.
   VOMITORY, Emetic.
   A'OMITUM, Vomiting.
   V().MITURIT"ION, Vomituri'tio, Ernes'ia,Dy-
 semes'ia, Subver'sio stom'achi.   Same etymon as
 Vomiting.  Ineffectual efforts to vomit; Vomcn'di
 conn'men ina'ne,  Retching, Reaching, Heaping.
 Some authors mean, by this term, a vomiting of
 but little matter, or that which is effected almost
 without effort.  The first acceptation is  the most
 general.
   VOMITUS, A'omiting — v. Cruentus, Haema-
 temesis—v. Fasculentus, Copremesis—v. Marinus,
 Nausea marina—v. Navigantium, Nausea marina
 —v. Niger, Fever, yellow—v. Pituitosus, Blenne-
 mesis—v. Profusus, Hyperemesis—v. Purulentus,
 Pyemesis—v. Sanguinis,  Haematemesis—v. Stcr-
 coris, Copremesis.
   VOORARA, Curare.
   VOUACAPUA  AMERICANA,  Geoffrasa in-
 ermis.
    VOUTE,  Vault—v.  Midullaire,  Corpus cal-
 losum — v. et Trois  Piliere, Fornix.
   VOAVEL, Voca'lis, from Latin vox, ' the voice,'
 and voco,  'to call.'  (F.) Voyelle.   Physiologi-
 cally, a continuous breath or sound, produced in
 the glottis ; but more or less modified by the form
 of the vocal tube, through which it has to pass.
 In  the English language, a, e, i, o, u,  w,  and y
 are vowels.
   VOX, A'oice — v. Cholerica, A'oice, choleric —
 v. Clangosa,  Oxyphonia — v.  Convulsiva,  Voix
  Convulsive—v. Nasalis, Rhinophonia—v. Rauca,
 Raucedo, Raucous voice—v. Raucisona, Raucous
 voice.
    VOYELLE, Vowel.
    VUE, Vision—v. Courte, Myopia—v. Diume,
  Hemeralopia— r. Faible,  Amblyopia—v. Longue,
  Presbytia—v. Louche, Strabismus — v. Nocturne,
  Nyctalopia.
    VULG A, Arulva.
    VULNERAIRE,  Vulnerary — v. Suisse, see
  Falltranck.
    A'ULNERARIUS, Traumatic.
    A'UL'NERARY,   Vulnera'riua,  Traumat'icus,
  Traumatic, from vulnus, vulneris, 'a wound.'  (F.)
  Vulniraire.  A name applied by the ancients to
medicines, which they considered capable of fa«
vouring the consolidation of wounds.  The pro-
perty has been ascribed  t'> various plants.
  VULNERATIO NERVI, Ncurotrosis.
  A'ULNUS, AVound — v. Laceratum,  see Lace-
ration— v. Sclopetarium, AVound, gun-shot — t.
Simplex, Cut.
  VULNUSCULUM, AVound.
  VULP1S MORBUS,  Alopecia.
   VULTUEUX (¥.), Vultuo'sus.  Corvisart has
used  the expression, Face vultueuse,  Fa'cies vul-
tno'sa, for the face, when it is more  florid and
swollen than in the natural state.   This appear-
ance, which is observed in active aneurism ofthe
heart, according to Corvisart, is owing to the afflux
of blood into the arterial capillaries, and hence
differs from  the livid and  swollen  appearance
caused by the accumulation Of blood in the venous
capillaries, constituting the Face injectie.
   VULTUS, Countenance, Face — v. Tetricus et
Mtestus, Scythropasmus.
   VULA'A, Uterus, see A'ulva.
   A'ulva, from vulva, 'a door.'  Hortus, Cnnnus,
Puden'dum mulie'bre, Sinus pudo'rie, Choiros,
Arvum, Bucca, Bulcja, Cadur'cus, Gustos, Femen,
An'nulua,  Femur  aumnutm, Follic'ulus,  Fundus,
 Gre'mium, Hia'tus, Lanu'vium, Navis, Oppid'u-
lum,  Specns,  Vulga, Cymba,  Saltus, Clitor'ium,
 Os'tium,  Snteua, Aniphicoua'tia, Concha, Porcue,
Porta,  Interfemineum, Mulie'bria, Fossa magna
mulie'bria, Episei'on, Es'chara,  Hor'tulus cupid'-
 inis,  Bouba'Uoa, Byaaoa, Cava, Caver'na, Delphye,
 Delta, Fovea, Gynace'um, the Female puden'dum,
 the Female organa of generation, the Female parte,
 Loci mulie'brea, (F.) Vulve.  A longitudinal open-
 ing between the projecting parts of the external
 organs of generation in the female, extending from
 the mons veneris  to the perineum, and which  is
 called, also, Fo8aa magna. Some anatomists mean,
 by this term,  the whole of the external genital
 organs of the female : — mons veneris ;  labia ma-
 jora, and the  cleft or vestibule separating them;
 the  clitoris; nympha?;  meatus urinarius;  en-
 trance of the vagina; with  the  hymen or the
 caruncula?  myrtiformes, fossa navicularis  and
 fourchette.
   A'ulva, Fora'men commu'ne ante'riue, Iter ad
 infundib'ulum, Iter seu Ad'itue ad  ter'tium  ven-
 tric'ulnm, Rima ad infundib'ulum, Apertu'ra an-
 te'rior ventric'uli ter'tii cerebri.   An opening
 situate at the junction of the  optic thalami,  in
 the third ventricle of the brain, and immediately
 beneath the anterior cms of the fornix.
    VULVAIRE, Chenopodium vulvaria.
    VULA'AR,  Vulva'ria, from vulva.  That which
 relates to the  vulva.  Chaussier gives this name
 to the external pudic arteries, because they are
 distributed to the vulva.
    A'ULVARIA, Chenopodium  vulvaria.
    VUL VE, Vulva.
    A'ULA'I'TIS, a hybrid word, from vulva, and
 itis, denoting  inflammation. Inflammation of the
 vulva.
    VULA'O-UTERINE CANAL, A'agina. 
WAD                 912                 WATER
w.
  WAD, Graphites.
  WAHOO, see Euonymus.
  WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT, Indu'cula,  (F.) Ca-
misole, Gilet de force.  A dress, used for restrain-
ing maniacs, or those labouring under violent
delirium.  It has  long  sleeves,  which are tied
behind the body, so that the arms cannot be ex-
tricated from  them.   It ought, of course, to be
made of very resisting materials.
  WAKE-ROBIN,  Arum maculatum,  Trillium
latifolium.
  WALE, Wheal.
  WALKING, Greeeue, Inces'sus, Deambula'tio,
Ambula'tio, Bad'isis, (F.) La marche.  The action
by which we change place, by means of a succes-
sion of steps in the same direction.  In walking
forwards, the centre of gravity is constantly al-
tered ; and a series of small, parabolic  curves is
described on the  heads of the thigh-bones, the
extent of which is regulated by volition, under
the guidance of vision.
  WALLA'CHIA, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
There are many excellent sulphureous springs in
this  country, especially those at Bobotsch, Fin-
ceschti, Sibitchiudi Suz, Br'asa, Otschin,  Serbo-
neschte,  Kimpalungi,  Kosia,  and Oloneschti.
Chalybeate and saline springs have, also, been
found at Sibitschiudi Suz.— Siller.
  WALLFLOWER, Cheiranthus cheiri.
  WALLRUE, Asplenium ruta muraria.
  WALNUT, Juglans regia—w. White, Juglans
cinerea.
  WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   A
mineral spring near Tewkesbury, in Gloucester-
shire, England.  It is an acidulous chalybeate.
  WANT, from past  participle of Sax. fanian,
' to wane,' ' to fall away.' ' Need of that which is
necessary.'  (F.) Besoin.  This word is sometimes
used to express the imperious necessity which
compels us to take food, drink, <fcc.  (See Hunger
and Thirst.)  In a more general sense, it means
the impressions transmitted by the organs to the
brain, when it is necessary that they should act:
these wants  are called instinctive desiree and in-
ternal seneatione or etimuli.  Such are the desires
or wants to eat, drink, void the urine, breathe
(besoin de respirer), &c.
  Want, in the sense of indigence, (L.) Egestas,
Indigen'tia, is the cause of a number of diseases.
  WARBURG'S FEVER-DROPS, see Bebeeru.
  WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR THE HEADACH,
Linimentum camphorae  compositum — w. White
Drops, see Hydrargyri nitras.
  WARMBRUNN, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
Much frequented springs in Silesia, about a league
from Hirschberg.  They are thermal, 95° to 100°
Fah., and are chiefly used as baths. The impreg-
nating materials are carbonate of soda, sulphate
of soda, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, car-
bonate of magnesia, and sulphohydric acid gas.
  WARM SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral wa-
ters of.
  WARNERA CANADENSIS, Hydrastis Cana-
densis.
  WART, Verruca—w. Corneous, Cornu.
  WARTY, Ver'rucoee,  Ver'rucoue, Verrucosus,
from  Sax. peapt.  Full of warts.  Resembling,
relating,  or belonging to wants.
  AVa,rty  Tumour of Cicatrices.   A  name
given  by Mr. Howship to  the tumour, which
sometimes appears on an  old  scar, many years,
perhaps, after the injury that caused it.
  WASH, BLACK, see Hydrargyri submurias—
w. Preventive, Lotion, Ilannay's—w. White, Li-
quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
  WASHERWOMAN'S SCALL,  Psoriasis
diffusa.
  WASP, Vespa, Sphex, (F.)  Guepe.   A genus
of gregarious insects, like  the bee and the ant.
They are armed with a sting, which pours a poi-
sonous fluid into the puncture  made by it.   (See
Poisons,  Table of.)  The best application is the
sp. ammoniae aromaticus, or some preparation of
ammonia.
  WASSERBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Wasserburg is a town of Bavaria,  seated on the
Inn, 28 miles east of Munich.   The water, called,
also, Aqua Aga'tii, contains carbonic acid; car-
bonates of lime and magnesia; sulphates of lime
and magnesia; chloride of  sodium, carbonate of
soda and oxide of iron.
  WASSERCUR, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  WATER, Sax.pa?tep, (G.)AVasser, Aqua,Hy-
dor, 'vStop, Alma, (F.) Eau, Protox'ide of hydrogen.
Water was at one time regarded as a simple ele-
ment.  It is now known to  consist of eight parts
by weight of oxygen,  and  one of hydrogen.  It
freezes at 32°, and boils at 212° of Fahrenheit;
and is taken as  the unit in all tables of specific
gravity of solid  and liquid substances.  Water,
as we meet with it, is very different in  its state
of purity; generally, it contains small quantities
of saline  matter; at other times, as in sea-water
and  mineral waters,  it is  largely  impregnated.
The characters of water,  as  met with under ordi-
nary circumstances, are well compared by Celsus,
"Aqua levissima pluvialie eet; deinde fontana ;
turn ex fiumine ;  turn ex puteo; poet hac ex  nive,
aut glacie; gravior his  ex lacu; gravisaima ex
palude."   .Pure water is one of the best diluents
that  can  be used.  When  cold, and  especially
when iced, it is one of the most useful refrige-
rants; and,  in the form of the  cold,  tepid, an J
warm bath, it is serviceable  in numerous diseases.
  AVater of Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix-la-Cha-
pelle — w. Allflower, Urine, cows' — w. Apple,
Apple-tea—w. Barley, Decoctum hordei.
  Water Bed.  A bed, contrived by Dr. Arnott,
which, in consequence  of its being  placed on
water, is  well adapted for the bedridden.
  Water, Binelli, Aqua Binellii — w. of Bitter
Almonds, Aqua Amygdalarum concentrata — w.
Brash, Pyrosis—w. Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchierii
—w. Camphor, Mistura Camphora?.
  AVater Canker, Cancer  aquaticus.
  Water,  Carui, Strong, Spiritus  carui — w.
Chicken, Chicken-tea—w.  Cinnamon, Aqua cin-
namomi— w. Cinnamon, strong, Spiritus cinna-
momi— w. Cologne, Eau de Cologne.
  Water Cure, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  AVater, Distil'led, Aqua deatilla'ta,  (F.) Eau
dietillie,  Holy water, is generally ordered in ex-
temporaneous  prescriptions, but is rarely  used.
In some  cases, however,  it is absolutely neces-
sary ; as  water, containing any saline impregna-
tion—hard water, for example—decomposes cer-
tain  substances.  Distilled water has been recom-
mended as a diet-drink in cancerous affections ;
and  it is  used in the religious ceremonies of the
Catholic  church.   In  the  Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, it is directed to be made as fol.
lows :— Take of water, ten gallons.  First  distil 
                   WATER

 two pints,  and throw them  away;  then  distil
 eight gallons.  Keep the distilled water in  glass
 bottles.
   Water-doctor, see Uromantia.
   Water-dressing.   Thb  treatment of wounds
 and ulcers by the  application  of water.   It gene-
 rally consists in dipping folds of lint  in water,
 and placing them  on  the part:—the whole being
 covered with oiled silk or elastic gum.
   Water,  Epileptic, of Langius, Langii  aqua
 epileptica — w. Fennel, Aqua fceniculi.
   Water Flag, Yellow, Iris pseudacorus.
   Water,Florida,—a celebrated perfume,—may
 be made of Ol. Bergami f^iv;  Tinct. benzoin, c.
 f^ij ; Alcohol, cong.
   Water, Goulard, Liquor  plumbi sub-acetatis
 dilutus.
   AVater,  Hard.   Common water, which de-
 composes and curdles soap ;  in contradistinction
 to eoft water, which is readily miscible with  soap.
 The  hardness  of  water depends  upon  the pre-
 sence in it of earthy salts, the most  common of
 which is sulphate  of  lime.
   Water,  Holy,  Water, distilled — w. Honey,
 Bee Mel —  w. in  the  Head, Hydrocephalus — w.
 Hungary, Spiritus rosmarini.
   Water Jags, see Varicella.
   AVater, Lake,  Aqua ex lacu, (F.) Eau de lac,
 is  apt to be impure, from  decayed animal and
 vegetable matters. A great  deal will, however,
 depend upon the  magnitude of  the collection,
 and the degree of stagnation.
   Water, Laurel, see  Prunus lauro-cerasus —
 w. Lavender, Spiritus lavandula?—w. Lemon-
 peel, see Lemonpeel  Tea — w. Lime,  Liquor cal-
 cis— w. Lime, compound, Liquor calcis compo-
 situs— w. Magnesia,  aerated, Magnesia, fluid —
 w. Magnesia, carbonated, Magnesia, fluid.
   Water, Marsh, Aqua paludo'ea, (F.) Eau de
 Maraie, is the most impure of all.  It is  generally
 more stagnant, and of course more loaded  with
 decomposing animal and vegetable matters.
   AVater, Mineral,  Aqua minera'lis, A. aalu'-
 brie, A. medica'ta, Fona ealuta'riua, F. medica'-
 tue, F. eote'riue, Aqua sote'ria, (F.) Eau minirale.
 Water, holding in solution different saline  and
 gazeous substances in sufficient quantity to be
 possessed of medicinal properties, or of a temper-
 ature different from that of tho ordinary springs
 of the country.
   Mineral waters may be divided into four classes:
 — 1. Gazeotte or Aciduloue.  2.  Chalybeate.  3.
 Saline.  4.  Sulphureous.  These may be thermal,
 or cold, — natural, or artificial.  Many of these
 divisions, however, run into each other; some of
 the  substances,  which  they hold dissolved, be-
 longing to one class as well as to another.
   1. Ga'zeous, Acid'ulous or  Car'bonated Min'-
 eral  Waters,  Aqua  minera'les  acid'ula,  (F.)
 Eaux  minirales gazeuses ou acidulea.   The  wa-
 ters referred to this  class are those that contain
 carbonic acid gas  in such quantity as to commu-
 nicate to  it certain  sensible  qualities. AVaters
 impregnated with free carbonic acid, sparkle when
 drawn from the spring, or  when  poured into a
 glass.  They have a  sharp, acidulous taste; but
 become vapid from exposure  to the air.  Along
 with the carbonic  acid, there are generally pre-
 sent portions of saline, earthy or metallic  mat-
 ter,  chiefly  carbonates of lime,  magnesia, and
 iron.   Waters, highly impregnated with carbonic
 aeid gas, are grateful to the  stomach; increase
tha appetite, and are diuretic ; hence, their utility
in dyspepsia, hypochondriasis, and gout Their
properties are, of  course, modified by the saline
13                   WATER

 matter that may be also contained in them.  The
 most celebrated amongst  the  acidulous  waters
 are  those  of  Bar, Chateldon,  St. Myon, Mont
 d'Or, Langeac, Seltzer, Schlangenbad, Sultzmatt,
 Pyrmont,  Spa, Carlsbad,  Cheltenham,  Scarbo-
 rough, Saratoga, Ballston, and the Sweet Springs
 of Virginia.
   2. Chalyb'eate or Ferru'ginoue Mineral Waters,
 Aqua minera'lee ferrugino'sa, A. Chalybea'ta, A.
 Martia'les, (F.) Eaux minirales ferrugineitaes,
 contain  iron — sulphate, chloride or carbonate,
 generally the latter — held in solution by an ex-
 cess of acid.   Chalybeate waters have a peculiar
 styptic taste.   They are transparent when taken
 from the spring; but,  when exposed  for some
 time to  the air, a pellicle  forms on the surface,
 and a deposite of the iron takes place.  Chalybeate
 waters are used as tonics in debility of all kinds;
 in all cases, in fact, where iron is considered to
 be indicated.   They are the most numerous of
 all  the  classes of  mineral waters.   In  this
 dictionary, those only are specified which have
 some celebrity; yet there are upwards of ninety :
 whilst there are more than  sixty of the  saline,
 and upwards  of thirty-five  of the sulphureous.
 The most  celebrated chalybeates are  those  of
 Tunbridge, Scarborough, Spa, Bussang, Forges,
 Vichy, Pyrmont, Passy, Provins, and Yals.
   3. Saline Jllineral Waters, Aqua mineralee sa-
 li'na, Amna alcaliza'ta (Paracelsus,) Hydralma,
 (F.) Eaux minirales salines.  Waters, holding in
 solution different  saline  substances  in greater
 quantity than the acidulous waters.   They differ
 in properties,  according to  the salts contained in
 them.  The salts  usually present are  sulphates,
 chlorides,  and carbonates ; and the bases,  with
 which the acids forming these are combined, are
 soda, magnesia, and lime.  Saline mineral waters
 are  usually aperient; and the  most noted  are
 those of Seltzer, Sedlitz, Balaruc, Bourbonne-les-
 Bains, Baden, Epsom, Cheltenham, <fcc.
   To this class may also be added Sea water.
   4. Sulphu'reoue  Mineral Waters, Aqua mine-
 ralee sulphu'rea;  when warm,  termed  Theio-
 therma,  Theiopcga, Theother'ma, Fontee sulphu'-
 rei cal'idi, (F.) Eaux minirales sulfureuses, Eaux
 sulfuries, E. sulfureuses, E.  hipatiques, &c.  These
 waters owe their  distinguishing character to an
 impregnation  of sulphuretted hydrogen, and are
 at once recognized by their peculiar fetid smell,
 resembling that of rotten eggs.  They usually
 contain  saline  substances,  which  modify their
 powers.  From the action of the sulphuretted hy-
 drogen, they are useful in cutaneous affections ;
 and, from  the combined action of this and the
 saline matter, they are valuable agents in dis-
 eases of the  digestive  organs.   They  are  also
 employed in cutaneous eruptions;  and the warm
 sulphur baths have been especially celebrated in
 such cases, as well as in  rheumatic affections.
 The most renowned sulphureous waters are those
 of Bareges, Bagneres-de-Luchon, Cauterets, Bon-
 nes, Aix in Savoy,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien,
 Harrogate, Moffat,  A'irginia Springs, <fcc.
   Some  springs, as those of Bath, Buxton, Dax,
 Matlock, AVarm and Hot  Springs of A'irginia,
 <fec, are almost pure Thermal Mineral Waters.
 They ,are  valuable agents in  rheumatic affec-
 tions; the  warmth being  equable  during the
 whole period the individual is immersed in them :
 which cannot  be the case in the artificial thermal
 bath.
   The following Table by Dr. Pereira exhibits
 the composition of some of the principal mineral
 waters.
9
58 
                                FIXED  CONSTITUENTS

ENTERING  INTO  THE  COMPOSITION  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MORE  CELEBRATED

                                    MINERAL  SPRINGS.

                                 Proportions in 10,000 Parts op Water.
The different salts have been reduced to their elementary constituents by Wollaston's scale of chemical equivalents.


                                               THERMAL.
Note. — In reducing the analyses contained in this Table to a uniform measure, in order to render them  susceptible of direct comparison with each other, the old English  js
    gallon is assumed to be as = 58,338 grains ; the wine pint = 7305 grains;  the imperial gallon = 70,000 grains ;  and the German 16-ounce measure = 7368 grains.      "
San Restituta.........
Gurgitello............

Wiesbaden...........


Carlsbad Sprudel.....

St. Nectaire..........
Vichy ...............
Ems (Kranchensquelle)
Olmitello.............
Bath  (King's Bath)....
Mont d' Or...........
Geyser...............
Chauues Aigues......
Rycum [Reilumi].....
Bristol Hot well......
Srlilaiigenbail.........
Toplitz...............
Buxton...............
COUNTRY.
Ischia...
Ditto

Nassau..


Bohemia

France..
Ditto---
Nassau..
Ischia...
England.
France..
Iceland..
France ..
Iceland. .
England.
Nassau. •
Bohemia
England.
	Acids.			Bases.		Oxide of Iron.	Silica.	, SCM.
								
Carbo-	Sulphu-	Muri-	Soda.		Mm;-			
	ric.	atic.			nesia.			
0	19.30	29.05	34.50	2.08	2.35	3.19	0.40	94.44
14.55	9.05	11.18	31.45	2.95	2.38	1.39	0.56	74.03
1.38	0.87	33.09	31.99	5.29	0.92	0.05	0.26	57.63
7.45	14.50	6.40	24.55	1.75	0.85	0.02	0.75	54.59
15.13	0.87	13.00	23.90	2.45	1.14	0.14	1.00	53.94
15.81	1.55	0.72	24.47	0.27	0	0.01	0	42.75
20.32	0.76	2.43	14.87	2.65	1.45	0.65	trace	4274
0	6.91	5.95	5.98	0	1.80	0	0.42	24.43
2.38	8.71	0	2.79	5.29	0.77	0.03	0.37	20.53
2.86	0.36	2.05	4.74	0.90	0.28	0.01	2.10	13.39
0	0.81	1.3-2	2.74	0	0	0	5.40	10.75
3.07	0	0.8o	3 12	1.01	0.59	0.15	1.16	9.96
0	0.71	1.55	2.43	0	0	0	3.73	8.47
1.02	2.23	1.17	1.17	0.82	0.43	0	0	8.19
3.50	0	0.80	242	0.90	0.53	0	0	6.96
1.89	0.40	0.29	2.62	0.36	0.18	0.03	0.42	6.24
0.78	0.06	0.28	0.19	1.04	0.0-1	0	0	2.70
AnTHORlTY AND
    Date.
Giudice.
Ditto ...
Kastner, 1823.
Berzelius, 1822
Berthier ...
Ditto.........
Kastner,  1830  .
Giudice.......
Phillips.......
Beitlne.......
Black, 1791....
Berthier......
Black, 1791...
Carrick,  1797  .
Kastner,  1823  .
Berzelius,1822.
Scudamore, 1820
Iron in the state of ferruginous alumina;
  sub-borate of soda 2.79.
Iron as in San Restituta.
Free carbonic acid 18.9 ; azote ; pot-ash
  0.83;  alumina 0.56; organic extract
  2.37.
Minute traces of phosphoric and fluoric
  acids,  strontian, alumina, and  man-
  ganese.

                           [nese 2.42.
Alumina, a  trace;  oxide of  manga-
Potash 2.73.
Magnesia, by Scudamore.

Alumina 0.48.

Alumina .005.
Free carbonic acid 12.99.
Free carbonic acid 6.0.
Phosphoric acid ;  potash; alumina.
Azote 2.01, by Pearson. 
COLD.
Vicar's Bridge.
Piillna........
Seidschutz
Leamington (Royal Pump)...
Harrowgate (old sulphur well)
Airthrey (first spring).......
Cheltenham (old well).......
Hartfell aluminous chalybeate
Isle of Wight...............
Marienbad (Ferdinandsquelle)
Dunblane (north spring)......
Vals.......................
Bilin.......................
Franzenbad (Franzenshjunn).

Pitcaithly..................
Roisdorf..................\
Epsom.........
Selter3 (Nieder).
Fachingen......
Soden..........
Moffat.........
Pyrmont .......
Marienfels.................

Strathpeffer (pump-room)...
Geilnau...................
AVeilbach.................
Hartfell Spa...............
Langenschwalbach   (Wein-
  brunn)..................
Spa.......................

Carlsbad (Sauerling).......

Tunbridge.................
Malvern...................
Scotland
Bohemia

Ditto....

England.
Ditto---
Scotland
England.
Scotland
England.
Bohemia
Scotland
France ..
Bohemia

Ditto....
Scotland
Rhenish
   Prussia
England.
Nassau..
Ditto. • • •
Ditto---
Scotland
Germany

 Nassau..
Scotland
 Nassau..
 Ditto---
 Scotland
 Nassau..
Belgium
Bohemia
 England.
 Ditto....
 0
 4.63

 4.81

 0
 1.20
 0
 0
 0
 0
 9.52

 0.30
22.48
20.51
 5.44
 0.30
 6.76
 2.50
 5.37
 11.49
 3.35
 0
 4.03

 4.83
 0
 6.00
 3.61
 0
 3.84
 6.63
 0.28
 0.20
 0.32
203.00 182.83	0.18 17.20	0.16 75.00	2.56 20.38	13.20 45.45	103.00 0	.0 0.24	563.10 341.1
97.43	1.43	14.20	6.02	41.92	trace	0.16	177.4
20.80 0.80 4.25 11.05 63.23 48.58	71.90 76.83 76.46 50.65 0 2.95	57.90 60.50 32.10 45.80 0 6.85	12.00 4.47 32.50 4.26 0 5.68	4.95 1.94 0.31 1.22 0 0.82	1.09 0 0 trace 40.00 14.60	0 0 0 0 0 0.96	153.9 145.4 127.4 111.6 101.3 88.21
27.60	9.50	38.05	2.87	1.67	0.12	0.50	86.18
2.23 0.29 3.40	33.55 3.00 1.44	15.30 33.34 28.47	14.04 1.60 2.47	0 0.22 1.60	0.23 0.06 0.10	0 0.45 0	63.21 61.17 57.46
18.50	6.21	26.70	1.26	0	0.37	0.48	55.80
0.73	27.20	8.50	13.99	0	trace	trace	46.95
2.50	9.70	16.00	1.78	1.33	0.07	0.21	38.11
14.80 0.18 0.12 007 2.80	4.21 9.92 2.63 12.30 13.60	5.64 16.06 15.63 10.72 12.75	11.80 1.37 1.83 4.08 0.68	0 1.00 1.09 0.06 0.26	0 0.12 0.07 0.08 0	0 0.38 0.11 0.06 0	37.94 34.00 32.98 30.89 30.03
9.83	0.99	1.29	85.6	1.98	0.36	0.68	27.89
0.18	1.88	3.42	2.20	1.27	0.10	trace	15.99
9.32 0.07 0.81 2.76	2.17 0.18 1.31 3.05	6.18 5.08 4.60 0	2.33 1.46 1.55 2.30	0.30 1.40 2.05 0	0 0.13 0 2.49	0 0.14 0 0	15.36 14.66 14.40 9.95
0.12	0.12	0.34	1.55	1.95	0.67	trace	8.58
0.51	0.33	0.92	0.74	0.72	7.90	0.68	5.92
0.13	0.07	0.28	0.16	0.06	0.06	0.61	1.42
0.14 0.14	. 0.29 0.08	0.19 0.55	0.39 0.03	0.02 0.02	0.38 0.04	0.07 0	1.32 1.01
 Connell, 1831 ..
 Struve.........

 Ditto..........

 Thomson, 1830.
 Scudamore, 1819
 Thomson, 1828.
 Scudamore, 1819
 Thomson, 1828.
 Marcet........
 Steinmann, 1820
 Murray, 1814...
 Berthier.......
 Reuss, 1788---
 Tromsdorff, 1820
 Murray, 1814...
 Bischoff, 1826..
 Daubeny,1830..
 Bischoff, 1826 ..
 Ditto..........
 Meyer. 1820---
 Thomson, 1828.
 Struve.........

 Kastner........
 Thomson, 1S28.
 Bischoff, 1826 ..
 Creve, 1810---
 Thomson, 1828.
 Kastner, 1829...
Struve.........
 Berzelius,  1822.
 Scudamore, 1816
 Phillip. 1805---
Potash, a trace.
Potash 3.55.
Nitric acid 7.75 ;  phosphoric acid ;  pot-
  ash 3.61; strontian  0.03;  alumina;
  oxide of manganese.
Tracesof iodine and bromine by Daubeny.
 Trace of iodine by Daubeny.
 Alumina 5.10.
 Alumina 7.77.
[Phosphoric acid, lithion, strontian, alu-
[   mina,  manganese, by Berzelius.
(Phosphoric acid, lithian, strontian, alu-
(  mina, manganese, by Berzelius.


 Potash.

 Trace of bromine.
 Phosphoric acid 0.19.
 Phusplioric acid 000.5.
CPhosphoric acid, potash, strontian, man-
£  ganese.
(Potash 1.19; strontian, manganese, phos-
(  photic acid.
  Potash.
  Phosphoric acid .019.
  Sulphur-resin 0.48.
  Alumina, a trace.
(Potash,  lithion, iodine, strontian, nlu-
(  mina,  manganese, phosphoric acid.
  Tlios.  acid ; potash 0.5.S ;  manganese.
( Phosphoric acid, finale of lime, alumina,
\  oxide of  manganese.
  Oxide of niaiiiianesc. 
«
WATER                  916                 AVEIGHTS
  Water, Mineral, Acidulous water, simple.
  AVaters,  Mine it al, Aktificial,  (F.)  Eaux
minirales artificielles ou fact ices.   These are imi-
tations of the natural; and some of them — as
the factitious Cheltenham water, and Sedlitz wa-
ter — answer the purpose of the  natural  water
tolerably well.   The acidulous and chalybeate
waters are, however, most easily imitated.
  Water, Nutmeg, Spiritus myristicae—w. Pars-
nep, creeping, Sium — w.  Pennyroyal, spirituous,
Spiritus pulegii — w. Peppermint, Aqua menthas
piperitae.
  AVater Pox, see Varicella.
  Water, Protoxide op Nitrogen, Aqua nitro-
genii protoxydi.
  Water Qualm, Pyrosis.
  AVater,  Rain, Aqua pluvia'lis, A. plu'via, A.
Im'brium, (F.) Eau de pluie, when collected at a
distance from houses or other elevated objects, is
the purest natural water, and has the least spe-
cific gravity.  The  only bodies which it usually
holds in  solution, are carbonic acid, and minute
traces of carbonate of lime and chloride of calcium.
  Water, Rice, see Oryza.
  Water,  River,  Aqua fluviat'ilis, is derived
from the conflux of numerous springs and rain
water. .It is, generally, pretty pure.
  AVater, Rose, Aqua rosae.
  AVater, Sea, Aqua Mari'na, Humor Dor'idis,
(F.) Eau de Mer.   This contains  chlorides  of
sodium, magnesium  and  calcium, and sulphate
of magnesia.  It is cathartic, and forms ,the
usual glyster at sea.  It makes an excellent tonic
bath; superior in most cases—especially in scro-
fula— to the fresh water-bath.
  Water, Searle's Patent Oxygenous  Aer-
ated,  Aqua  Nitrogenii protoxydi — w. Seyds-
chutz, Sedlitz water.
  AVater Shield, Brasenia hydropeltis.
  Water, Snow, .4i?i<a niva'ta, (F.) Eau de
neige, has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome.
It exactly resembles rain water in composition,
and is equally salubrious.
  Water,  Soda, Acidulous water,  simple — w.
Soft,  see  Water, hard — w. Spearmint,  Aqua
menthas viridis.
  Water,  Spring,  Aqua fonta'na,  Hydrope'ge,
(F.) Eau de fontaine, contains, in addition  to the
substances detected  in rain water, more or less
sulphate  of lime.  When this is to  such an ex-
tent as to  curdle soap, the  water is said  to be
hard; if not, soft.   Hard water is, of course,
inferior to soft, for domestic and medicinal pur-
poses.
  Water, Styptic, Sydenham's solutio sulphatis
cupri composita —: w. Tar, see Pinus sylvestris—
w. Toast, see Toast-water.
  AVater, AVell, Aqua putea'lia  seu Putea'na,
A. ex pu'teo, (F.) Eau  de puit, Eau de eource, is
the same as spring water, but liable to impregna-
tion, owing to the land springs filtering into the
wells, and conveying impurities into them.
  Waters,  Discharged or  Broken,. Profusio
aqua; — w. Distilled, Aquae  destillatae—w. First
Prirnitise.
  AVATTWEILER,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
Wattweiler is a small town  in the department of
Haut-Rhin, at the foot of the Vosges.  The wa-
ters are acidulous chalybeates, and contain car-
bonates of iron, lime, and soda;  chloride  of
sodium, and free carbonic acid.
  WAX, Cera — w. Ear, Cerumen.
  WAX, MYRTLE.  A wax obtained from the
fruit of Myri'ca cerif'era. It has been prescribed
in dysentery.
  Wax, Yellow and White, Cera fiava et alba.
  WAXING KERNELS, Creecen'tia, (F.) Crois-
sancea, Croiaaanta, Glandea de croiaaance.   A po-
pular term for small tumours, formed by an en-
largement of the lymphatic glands—in the groins
of children particularly.  They have been looked
upon as connected with the growth ofthe body,
— hence their name.
  WAY, Saxon w;eg, Via, Paeeoge, Odoe, (F.)
 Vole.  A name given to different canals.
  AV A Y S, DIGESTIVE, Digestive Pas'sages,
Prima Via, (F.)Voies digestives, I'rem teres voies,
are the series of hollow organs of digestion, com-
posed of mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and small
and large intestines.  The term is often restricted
to the first three of these.
  AVays,  Second,  Second  Passages, Secun'da
via, (F.) Second.es voies, comprise the  chyliferous,
lymphatic and blood vessels.
  AVEAKSIGHTEDNESS, Asthenopia.
  WEAL, AVheal.
  WEANING, from  Saxon  Penan,  'to wean;'
Ablacta'tio, Apogalactis'mus,  (F.) Sivretge.  The
act of depriving the infant, permanently, of the
breast, in  order to feed it on other and  more
solid nourishment.
  Weaning Brash, see Brash, weaning.
  WEATHERCOCKS, Impatiens.
  WEB, MUSCULAR, Panniculus carnosus.
  AVEB-EYE, Caligo.
  WEDGED,  (D.)  wegghe, Inclu'sus, Inha'-
rens, (F.) Enclavie.   The head  of the  fcetus ia
said to be wedged in the  pelvis, when it remains
fixed, notwithstanding the uterine efforts.
  The  condition is called  Incunea'tio seu Incla-
va'tio fcetus, Spheno'sis, Inharens,  (F.) Enclave-
ment.  See Paragomphosis.
  WEED,  see Mastitis — w. in  the  Breast, see
Mastitis — w. Dyer's,  Reseda luteola — w. Field,
Anthemis cotula—w. Horsefly, Sophora tinctoria
— w. Milk, Apocynum  androsaemifolium — w.
Soldiers', Matico—w.  Silver, Potentilla anserina.
  WEEPING, Fletus.
  WEIGHT, from Saxon paesan, 'to  weigh;'
(F.) Pisanteur.   A sensation of  heaviness or
pressure  over  the whole  body, or over a part —
the stomach or head, for example.
  WEIGHTS  AND MEASURES, Pon'dera et
Mensu'ra, (F.) Poids et Misnres.  The importance
of possessing a uniform  system of weights and
measures has impressed the scientific of all coun-
tries, and numerous endeavours  have been made
to accomplish  the object.   It is, however, a mat-
ter of considerable  difficulty, and one not likely
to be attained.  The new French measures are
are upon decidedly  the best footing, but  they are
not adopted out of France.   The greatest diver-
sity prevails over Europe in the measures, both
of weight and capacity.   Some of the following
tables  will  show, that every subdivision of the
pound, as well as the pound itself, differs in Eng-
land and in France. '

                 WEIGHTS.

 Troy Weight, as used by the Britieh Apothecaries.
    —Pondus pharmaceu'ticum seu medicinal.

     The pound Ibl         f 12 ounces.
     The ounce  £              8 drachms.
  .  The drachm % \ contains -   3 scruples.
  »   The scruple ►)            20 grains.
     The grain gr. J

   These, and the signs by which they are denoted,
 are the same in  all the  British  Pharmacopoeias,
 as well as in the American.

       lb.    Oz.    Drm's.  Scrup.    Ors.
       1  =  12  =  96  =  288 =  5760
              1  —  8  =   24 =   480
                     1  =   3 =   60
                             1 =   20 
WEIGHTS                   917                   WEIGHTS
         Poids de Marc.
The pound  "|           (16 ounces.
The ounce              | (j drachms.
Flip drachm r contains i 3 scruples.
The scruple I            24 grains.
The grain
                  Avoirdupois.

       Pound.   Ounces. Drachms. Troy grains.
        lb. 1.  =.  16  =.  256  =  7000
                   1  =    16  =   437.5
                            1  =    27.34375

  The avoirdupois  drachm is sometimes divided
into three  scruples, and  the  scruple  into  ten
grains.   The pound  of 7680 grains  avoirdupois
= 7000 grains  troy, and  hence  1  grain troy =
.97 grain  avoirdupois.
  The Poids de Marc is  that  employed by the
French Pharmaciens, when  the new weights are
not.  The Avoirdupois is now used by the Dub-
lin College.
  The following tables exhibit the relative value
of the old French and English weights :

Poids de Marc.  Troy Wt.     Avoird.      Troy grs.
1 pd. (livre) = 1.312li8/ft = 1080143/6 = 7561
1 oz. (once) = .984504oz = 1.080143oz = 4725025
1 dr. (gros.) = .954504dr =               59.0703125
1 gr.       =                             .820421

                                    French grains.
                                 =   7561
                                 =    585.083
                                 =     73.135
                                         1.219
   Troy.
 1 pound
 1 ounce
 1 drachm
 I grain

Avoirdupois.
 1 pound
 1 ounce
Poids de Marc.
 0.7(>180*rt.
 1.01574 once
 1.01574 gros
Poids de Marc.    French grains.
0.925803 lb.     =   8532.3
0.925803 once   =    533.27
To convert French grains into Troy J
              grains, divide by       (
    "      Troy grains  into French ?
              grains, multiply by     '
    "      French  ounces  into Troy j
              ounces, divide by       f
    "      Troy ounces  into French?
              ounces, multiply by     ;
    "      French  pounds (poids  de~\
              marc)  into Troy pounds,
              multiply by            r  1.31268
    "      Troy pounds  into French
              pounds, divide by       J
1.015734
Poids de Marc or
 French grain.
     1.219
     2.438
     3.657
     4.87G
     6.095
     7.314
     8.533
     9.752
     10.971

   Troy grain.
     0.8203
     1.6406
     2.4009
     3.2812
     4.1015
     4.9218
     5.7421
     6 5624
     7.3827
ATew French Decimal or Metrical Weights.
 Troy grain.
      1
      o
      3
      4
      5
      6
      7
      8
      9

French grain.
      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
Milligramme
Centigramme
Decigramme
Gramme
Decagramme
Hectogramme
Kilogramme
Troy grains.
      .0154
      .1543
     1.5434
    15.4340
   154.3402
  1543.4023
 1.". 4 34.0214
Myriagramme =^ 154340.2.144
oz. dr. gr.
0  2  34.4
3  1  44.4
8  )  24
9  6   0
   Comparative  Value ofthe French Medicinal
        Pound and that of other Placee.

                lbs. oz.  dr. gr.
  Germany ..... 0  15   4 48
  Amsterdam.... 1  00   0 42
  Belgium....... 1  00   0 42
  Berne......... 1  00   0 00
  Copenhagen ... 0  15   3 20f
  Florence^......0  11   0 50  divided into 12 oz.
  Genoa......... 0  10   5 GO    do.  into 12 oz.
  Geneva........ 1  00   0 18
  Hamburg...... 0  15   2 15
  Lisbon........ 0  15   7 68
  London  ....... 0  12   3 12  divided into 12 oz.
  Madrid........ 0  15   0 16
  Milan......... 0   9   3 00
  Monaco....... 0  15   2 23
  Naples........ 0  10   7 54  divided into 12 oz.
  Paris.......... 1  00   0 00  divided into 16 oz.
  Rome.......... 0  11   0 50    do.  into 12 oz.
  Stockholm..... 0  13   7  8
  United States.. 0  12   3 12  divided into 12 oz.
  Warsaw....... 1  10   4 24
  Venice........ 0   8   6 00
  Vienna........ 1   2   2 32

            measures  op capacity.

           English Measure of Fluide.

The gallon (congius).      "|         f 8 pints.
The pint (octarius) ..    O I         i 16 fluidounces.
Thefluidouace.......  f^ ^contains-; 8 fluiilrachmu
The fluidrachm......  f % I         ! 60 minims.
The minim..........  TT\, j         ^

Proportione ofthe Apothecaries' and Wine Gallon.

Oal. Pints. Fluidoz.  Fluidr.    Minims.   Cub. inches.
1  =  8  =  128  =  1024  =  61440  =  231
      1  =   16  =    128  =   7ti80  =  28.875
               1  =     8  =    480   =   1.8047
                        1  =,      60  =     .2256

Imperial  Measure, adopted by the London  Col-
      lege in their Pharmacopoeia q/"1836.

Gallon.   Pints.  Fluidounces.  Fluidr.     Minims.
   1   =   8   —   160  =   1280  =   76800
           1   =,    20  =    160  =   9600
                     1  =,      8  =    480
                                 1  =     60

Comparative  Value of the  Proportions of the
           Wine and Imperial Gallone.
Wine.
1 gallon
1 pint
1 fluidounce  =■
1 fluidrachm  =■
  Pinti.
=  6
      Imperial.
Fluidoz.  Fluidr.
Minims.
   23
   18
   20
    2i
Imperial.                   Wine.
           Gallon.  Pint.  Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minimi.
           = 1       1       9      5       §
           =         1       3      1      38

                                  #■      58
1 gallon
1 pint
1 fluidounce =
1 fluidrachm =
French Meaeures of Capacity.
Millilitre
Centilitre
Decilitre
Litre
Decalitre
Hectolitre
Kilolitre
F.nglish cubic inches.
=       .0fir028  =
=       .610280  =
=      6.102800  =
=     61.028000  =
=    610.280000  =
=   6102.800000
=  61028.000000
   rCi'ne Measure.
16.2318 minim?.
 2.7053 flui'traehms.
 3.3816 fluidounces.
 2.1135 pints.
 3.6419 gallons.
Myrialitre = 610280.000000

Approximate  comparison   between  the  ancient
  French Measures  of  Capacity, and the  ic.^,
  and conversely.

            Grammes. Litres. Decilitres. Centilitres.
1 poisson   =  125   or   0         1         2
1 demi-setier =  250   or   0         2         5
1 chopine   ~  r'0()   or   0         5         G
1 pinte     ■= 1000   or   1         0         0 
WEIGHTS                  918                  WEIGHTS
          Grammes, lbs. oz.  dr. gr.

1 centilitre =-  10 or 0  0  2J  00
1 decilitre
1 litre
■  101) or 0  3  2
■ 1000 or 2  0  3
00           [pints.
36 = 2.113 Eng. wine
              Measuree of Length.
                                          Inches.
1 l.i-"c, the 12th part of an inch.
i barleycorns............................      1.000
A palm or hand's breadth (Scripture  mea-
  sure,    ..........  ................      3.648
A hand (horse measure)..................      4.000
A span. (Scripture measure)..............     10.944
A foot....................................     12.000
A cubit (Scripture measure  for common
  purposes) .............................     18.000
A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred pur-
    poses) ...............-...............    • 21.888
AFlemish  ell.............................     27.000
A yard................................. 3 ft. 00
An English ell........................... 3 " 09
A fathom or toise......................... 6 " 00
New French Measures of Length.

    English inches.
Millimetre	0.039
Centimetre	0.393
Decimetre	3.937
Metre	39.371
ft.     inch.
 0     3.37
VALUES  OF THE GRECIAN, ROMAN, AND ARABIAN
   WElGnTS AND MEASURES IN POIDS DE MARC.

        1. Weights of the Ancient Greeks.
                                 lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr
The talent (ra\avrov).............. 54   2   5  24
The mina (ptva)........................  14   3  40
The drachm (bpa-^prf)........................  1  11
The obolus (ojloXos).............................. 13
The ceration (ntpariov)...........................  4
The chalcvs (^aXicouj)...........................  2
The septon (otitrov) .............................  }

       2. Weights ofthe Ancient Romans.
oz.  dr.
The pound (libra)...................... 10   6
The ounce (uncia)...........................7
The duella.................................  2
The sicilicus...............................  1
The sextula................................  1
The consular denier, denarius...............  1
The imperial denier or drachm, drachma.......... 65
The victoriatus................................. 37
The scriptulum or scruple....................... 21
The obolus...................................... 11
The siliqua.....................................   4

  The Greeks divided their obolus  into chalci
and  lepta :  some  divided it into 6  chalci, and
each  chalcus into 7 lepta; others  into  8  chalci,
and every chalcus into 8 lepta or minuta.
Dr. Milligan, in his edition of Celsus, gives the following  table, exhibiting  the Troy weight of
                 measures of capacity and of weight in use amongst the Romans.
                   Urna.   Libra.
Amphora............  2  = 80
Urna................  1  = 40
Congius.............  A  = 10
Uncia.
 960
 480
 120
  20
  12
Denarius. Scrupulus.
6720
3360
 840
 140
  84
  60
  15
20160
10080
 2540
  420
  252
  180
   45
Sextans.
 40320
 26160
  5040
   840
   504
   360
    90
Sextarius....................  12-3 =
Libra.......................  1    =
Hemina.................................   8 4-7 =
Acetabulum  ..........................   2 1-7 =
S.sqiii-cyathus..........................   21-7=    15  =     45  =      90
Cvalhus.................................   13-7=    10  =    30  =     60
Sescuncia...............................   ]i  =    104.=    314. =     63
Cncia...................................   1   =     7  =    21  =     42
Cochleare...........................................  24.=     74 =     15
Drachma...............•.............................  1  =     3=      6
Denarius............................................  1  =     3  =      6
Scrupulus.......................................................  1  =      2
Scrupulus dimidiatus............................................   4. =      1
()bnlu s.....................................................................  1
Sextans....................................................................  1
Chalcus...................................................................

  He gives also the following ' Carmen Mnemoni-
cum,' which exhibits the analogies of  the Roman
and British imperial weights.

2To  the couflfus  anTr flallon, each, ten pounds
     alloto,
©rt tlic bushel anti amphora efflbtj  bestoto;
SEvome's  jounu,  as  fn  2Trog  toefrjht, ttoelbe
   • ounces obtains,
3Sut per  ounce  Is  SLMv'tivipois, sttfctlg, fn
     grains:
SBenarfi tirams,  scruples scrupli treffne,
Septarfus anstoers to our bottle of tofne,
&ntr  the  mna's  a   sbort  pint — fourteen
     ounces tn ffne.

3.  Weights eaid to be of the  Arabians, Modern
   Greeks,  and Latins of the barbarous periods of
   the Middle Agee.
rw.v.   t 1                                oz-  dr. gr.
The alchemion...............•...........  ■*.  -
T»he manes or ominos.........'!.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. '.'  jo
Sacros, augbhen, ndar, assatil...........'.
The great or royal nut..................'
The sextarius, stater....................
The lesser nut.....................\
Aliovan us  ............................
Aureus, Alcobolus........................
The hazel  nut, bendaeate, holca.  alchi dar-
  chimi, aroirochilos. ologinat, nabach......
The acorn, lupine, Egyptian or Syrian bean,
   the bachil...........................
Chalcus.
403200
210600
 50400
  8400
  5040
  3600
   !>00
   900
   600
   630
   420
   150
    60
    60
    20
    10
    10
    10
      1
Grana.
420180
21024(1
 52nvt
  87U)
  5256
  3759
   939
   939
   626
   657
   438
   156
    62 4-7
    62 4
    202
    10 1
    10 1
    10 1
      11
3	40
6	28
7	16
3	44
3	44
2	50
2	29
2	14
1  11
   42
The Alexandrian bean or Iremessis. ■
The  Greek bean or gramme, the kermet,
  gonum, harmi, gracchus................
The  ring, cumulus, seminet, onolosich, ono-
  lossat...................................
The  danich...............................
The kirat, alkilat, kararit................

               1.  Greek Measures.
                                    lbs.  oz
The metretes (ptsrpnrtis)................ 84
The chus, choa, congius (xov$).........   7  0
The  xestes (f sori/f)....................   1
The cotyla (icoruXij)....................
The  tetrarton (rcrpaprov)..............
The  oxybaphon (o%v(latpov).............
The  cyalhos (icvaOos)..................
The  concha (icoy^n) ...................
The  mystron (pvarpov)................
The  chama minor (^i?/j»j)..............
The  cochliarion (no^Xtapiov)...........

         2. Roman Measures of Capacity.
                                    lbs. oz.
1 he  amphora or cadus ................  5(j  2
The  urna.............................  28  1
The  congius..........................   7  0
The  sextarius.........................   1   4
The hemina...........................     10
The quartarius.......................     5
The acetabulum.......................      2
The cyathns or small glass............      1
The ligula or spoonful.................
oz. dr. gr
      30
dr. gr.
4	3	00
0	2	66
1	7	44
8	7	58
4	3	65
2	1	69
1	4	00
	6	00
	3	00
	2	00
	1	00
dr. gr.
7  24
3  48
2	66
7	44
1	18
0	45
4	23
5	30
3	24
 
WEILBACH
919
WIESSAU
3.  Measures said to be  of the Arabian, Arobist,
    and Latin J'hysicians of the Middle Ages.

                                  lbs. oz. dr. gr.
The missohaos weighed................. 3 8  1 33
Aben, ktrt, ejub, eberia, or Roman mina.. 1 6  0 00
The phial, hajjilius, or hassitinus.......  10  1 18
The calix or rcjelati....................   5  0 44
The handful, pugillum, cornusum.......   3  2 68
The hassuf, aesasse, or anesime.........   2  4 20
The conos or coatus, alcuntus or almunesi,
  briate cuabus.........................   1  5 34
The lesser bachates.....................      5 5tj
The largest spoonful....................      4 44
A  spoonful.............................      1 52
The colanos or reclanarium.............      1 28
A  small spoonful or flagerina, or cyanes.      1 11
The smallest spoonful or fahaliel........        42

   A good section  on  weights and measures  is
contained in  the edition of "The  Seven Books
of Paulus iEgineta,"  by Mr. Francis  Adams,
published by the Sydenham Society of London,
vol. iii, p. 609, London, 1847.
   Besides the weights and measures above men-
tioned, employed by the moderns, there are modes
of estimating the quantities of substances by ap-
proximation.  For example: —
A glassful or cupful, ((F.) Verre,) is reckoned  to
   contain 4 or 5 fluidounces.
A wine-glassful, IJ ounce or two ounces.
A  table-spoonful,  ((F.) Cuiller d bouche,)  about
   half an ounce.
   A coffee or dessertspoonful, about 3 drachms.
 A tea-spoonful, a fluidrachm.
 A handful,  manipuliis,  ((F.) Poignie,)  as  much
   as can be held in the hand.
 The Pugillus ( (F.) Pincie) is as much as .can  be
   held by the three fingers.
   These last quantities are occasionally prescribed
 by the French practitioners.  Their weights must,
 of course, vary, according to the article.  The
 authors of the Parisian codex have valued them,
 as regards certain substances.
                                        French.
                                       oz. dr.
 A Manipulus of barley weighs............... 3  2£
       •'       linseed..................... 1  4
        "       linseed meal................ 3  3
       "       dried mallow leaves......... 1  3
       "       dried cichory leaves......... 1  0
        "           flowers of the tilia..... 1  2J
                                    dr. scr. gr.
 A Pugillus of chamomile flowers weighs 2
              arnica................... 1   2
      "       marsh-mallow ........... 1   1
      "       mallow..................        60
      "       fennel seeds.............     1  60
      "       aniseed.................. 1   i.  60

   A heirKi egg, newly laid, weighs about 2 ounces
 and 2 drachms: when deprived  of its shell, 2
 ounces.  The white weighs 1 ounce, 2 drachms,
 and 57 grains : the yolk, 5 drachms and 15 grains.
   WEILBACH,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.
 The village  of AVeilbach  is in the plain  between
 the Maine  and »the southern  extremity of the
 Taunus hills.  It has in its neighbourhood a cold
 sulphureous alkaline spring, the water of which is
 bottled and exported, although not of great effi-
 cacy.   Its use is at times combined with that of
 the saline springs  in Nassau, and  of Baden-Ba-
 den, in various chronic abdominal and  thoracic
 affections.
   AVELD, Reseda luteola.
   AVELK,  Whelk.  An inequality; a protube-
rance; a cutaneous eruption of this character.
 Acne.
   WE AIDING,  MINERAL  AVATERS OF.
 These waters are situate about four leagues from
 Donawert in Bavaria.  They contain sulphuretted
 hydrogen;  carbonates of lime,  magnesia, and
 soda; sulphatos  of lime  and magnesia; a little
chloride of calcium, and oxide of iron; and are
much used in asthenic diseases.
  WEN, Sax. ten, Lu'pia,  Tumour, (F.) Loup.
A name given to circumscribed, indolent tumours,
without inflammation or change of colour of the
skin.   They may  be met with in  almost every
part of the body.   Their magnitude, as well aa
nature, is very variable.  The term is sometimes
given to an encysted tumour, and to bronchocele.
  AVESTERN ISLANDS, Azores.
  WEST INDIES, (CLIMATE OF.)  The cli-
mate  of the West Indies has long been  regarded
as favourable to the consumptive.  In confirmed
consumption, it appears, however, to be positively
injurious.  As a prophylactic for  those predis-
posed to consumption, it is  generally favourable.
The nature of the patient's constitution, in re-
gard  to  the effects of elevated temperature, has
always to be taken into  account.   In  diseases
that are benefited by warm climates, the West
Indies afford an appropriate residence.  The isl-
ands  in which the  invalid can best obtain all the
advantages ofthe climate, are Jamaica, Barbadoes,
St. Vincents, Antigua, St. Kitts,  and  Santa Cruz.
   WHAHOO, see Euonymus.
   AY HEAL,  Weal, Wale.   A ridge,  or elevation
of  the skin, produced by a rod or whip; or as if
produced in  that manner.   Such elevations are
scyn  in urticaria.
   AVHEAT, Triticum—w. Indian, Zea mays—w.
Turkey, Zea mays.
   AVHELK, Acne, Weik —w. Chin,  Sycosis—w.
Rosy, Gutta rosea.
   WHEY, Serum lactis—w. Mustard, see Sinapis
—w.  Rennet, see Serum lactis—w. Tamarind, see
Tamarindus—w. Vinegar, see Acetum—w. AVine,
Wine whev.
   AVIIIFFLNG MURMUR, see Murmur, respi-
ratory.
   AVIIISKY, see  Spirit.  A spirituous liquor ob-
tained from oats, potatoes, ic, by distillation.
   AVhisky Liver, Liver, nutmeg.
   AVHIS'PERING; evidently  an onomatopoeia
(hooisp'ering), Susurra'tio, Stisurra'tion.  Articu-
lation of  the air  sent through the vocal tube
without any action of the glottis.
   AVHISTLING, Sifflement, see  Rale eibilant.
   AVHITE, Flake, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   White Ball, Cephalanthus  occidentalis—w.
Leaf,  Pyrola  maculata, Spira?a toinentosa — w.
Leg,  Phlegmatia dolens—w. Matter of the brain,
see Cerebrum — w. Root, Angelica lucida, Ascle-
pias tuberosa.
   White, Spanish, Bismuth, subnitrate of.
   AVhite Swelling, Hydrarthrus — w. Swelling
of lying-in women, Phlegmatia dolens—w. Sub-
stance of Schwann, see Nerve fibre—w. Sulphur,
see A'irginia, mineral waters of—w. Weed, Chry-
santhemum leucanthemum —w. AVood, Lirioden-
dron, Tilia.
   AVHITENESS  OF COMPLEXION, Paleness.
   AVHITES, THE, Leueorrhcea.
   AVHITLEYA STRAMONIFOLIA,  Anisodus
luridus.
   AVHITLOAV, Paronychia.
   AVHOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis.
   AVIIORLYAVORT, Leptandria purpurea.
   AVHORTLEBERRY,  A'aecinium myrtilluj,
Vaccinium vitis idaea — w. Bears', Arbutus uva
ursi.
   AVHORTS, BLACK, Vaccinium myrtillus.
   AVIDOAV-WAIL, Cneorum tricoccum, Daphna
Alpina.
   AVIESBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,
see AVisbaden.
   AVIESSAU, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  These
waters are situate about  four leagues from the
convent of AValdsassen in Bavaria. They contain 
WILD
920
AVINE
carbonic acid; carbonates of lime and magnesia;
chlorides of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum;
carbonate of soda, and much oxide of iron.  The
Bavarians consider them to resemble the waters
of Pyrmont.
  AVILD, Sax.  j>il&, (D.) Wild.   An epithet
given to the countenance, when not in harmony
with the condition of the individual, and indica-
ting strong mental emotion; — a  wild look, (¥.)
Physiognomic igarie.
  WILDBAD, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Wild-
bad is a small town  of Wurtemberg,  three  Ger-
man miles from  Baden-Baden.  It  is much fre-
quented as a watering-place.  The water is ther-
mal, from 95° to 100° of Fahr., and is much em-
ployed in cases in which thermal waters are indi-
cated.   It is used  internally, a pint not  con-
taining more than  a grain of solid ingredients,
which  consist of salts of soda and  lime.  The
proportion of carbonic acid gas is very small.
  WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Wildungen is situate a few miles  from Cassel in
Germany.  In its neighbourhood are several mi-
neral springs; the chief of which,  according to
Stucke, contain a bituminous matter;  chloride
of sodium and sulphate of soda-; carbonate and
sulphate of lime,. &c.  They are used, chiefly, as
refrigerants.
  AVILL, Voluntas.                          ,
  WILLOW, Salix.
  Willow Herb,  common, Lythrum salicaria—
w.  Herb, great, Epilobium augustifolium— w.
Herb, purple, Lythrum salicaria — w. Herb, pur-
ple veined, Epilobium coloratum.
  Willow, Low-bush, Salix humilis—w. Speck-
led, Salix humilis — w. Red, Cornus  sericea—w.
Rose, Cornus sericea—w. Sweet,  Myrica gale.
  WIND,  Sax.  t>ino, Ventus, An'emos, (F.) Vent.
Winds exert  considerable influence on the animal
economy;  acting  by their temperature, which
necessarily modifies that of the circumambient
air, as well as by their moisture or  dryness, and
by  the emanations of different kinds, which they
transport to greater or less distances.  The winds
which blow over a considerable extent of country,
are dry and serene : those which come from the
ocean are moist and chilly.
  Wind Dropsy, Emphysema, Tympanites — w.
Flower, Anemone — w. Pipe, Trachea—w. Root,
Asclepias tuberosa.
  WINDINESS, Flatulence.
  WINDY, Flatulen'tue,  Flat'ulent, Va'pourous,
(F.) Venteux.  That which causes wind or flatu-
lence ; also, that which is caused by wind or flatu-
lence ;  as windy food, windy colic, &c.  Also,
one affected with flatulence, or who is 'troubled
with the wind.'
  WINE, Sax.  i>in, (G.) AVein, originally, per-
haps, from oivoc, QUnoe, Vinum, (F.)  Vin.  A name
given by chymists to all liquors that have become
spirituous by fermentation.   The term  is gene-
rally, however, restricted to the fermented  juice
of  the  grape, or of fruits,  the product of whose
fermentation resembles, in almost  all respects,
that of the juice of the grape.   AVine is composed
of  alcohol; saccharine matter; malic acid; tar-
taric acid; bitartrate of potass;  acetic acid; an
extractive colouring matter, more or less bitter,
and partly resinous; and sometimes of an aro-
matic  substance.  The extractive colouring mat-
ter is  chiefly met with in red wines.  All  these
constituents, except the alcohol, are found ready
formed in the grape.  The alcohol proceeds from
the decomposition of the saccharine matter.   A
part of the acetic acid is also formed during fer-
mentation.
   The  following table, drawn up by Mr. Brande,
' exhibits the  quantity of spirit in different kinds
of wine and liquors.   It is proper, however, to
remark, that many of  these wines  are prepared
for the London market, and are more brandied, or
"reinforced," than the same varieties sold in the
United States.   This is  strikingly  the case with
port.   Dr.  Henderson, too, has remarked, that
some of the wines analyzed by Mr. Brande were
mixed with a considerable  quantity of adventi-
tious  alcohol.   Dr.  Henderson's additions and
corrections have the letter H.  affixed.

Proportion of Alcohol, s. o. 0.825, in one hundred
  parts by measure op the following wlnes, and
  Malt and Siurituous Liquors.
 1. Lissa.....................................  26.47
   Do........................................  24.35
                              Average, (a) 25.41
 2. Raisin Wine..............................  26.10
   Do........................................  25.77
   Do........................................  23.20
                                 Average,  25.12
 3. Marsala..................................26.03
   Do........................................  25.05
                              Average, (ft) 25.0!l
 4. Port — average of six kinds................  23.48
   Do. — highest.............................25.83
   Do. — lowest  .............................  2] .40
 5. Madeira.................................24.42
   Do........................................23.93
   Do. (Sercial)..............................21.45
   Do...................................---  19.24
                                 Average, 22.27
 6. Currant Wine............................  20.55
 7. Sherry....................................  19.81
   Do........................................ 10.83
   Do........................................  18.79
   Do........................................  1H.25
                                 Average,  19.17
 8. Teneriflfe.................................  19.79
 9. Colares...................................  19.75
10. Lacryma Cristi............................  19.70
11. Constantia — white.......................  19.75
        "       red---...;...............(e) 1K92
12. Lisbon...................................  18.94
13. Malaga...................................  18.94
14. Bucellas..................................  18.49
15. Red Madeira..............................22.30
   Do........................................ 18.40
                                 Average, 20.35
16. Cape Muscat..............................  18.25
17. Cape Madeira............................. 22.94
   Do........................................ 20.50
   Do........................................ 18.11
                                  Average, 20.51
18. Grape Wine.............................. 18.11
19. Calcavella................................ 19.20
   Do........................................ 18.10
                                  Average, 18.65
20. Vidonia.................................. 19.25
21. Alba Flora................................ 17.26
22. Malaga................................... 17.26
23. White Hermitage......................... 17.43
24. Roussillon................................ 19.00
   Do......................................„». 17.26
                                  Average, 18.13
25. Claret.................................... 17.11
    Do........................................ ]6.:S2
    Do........................................ J4.08
    Do........................................ ]2.91
                              Average, (d) 15 10
26. Malmsey Madeira........................ 16.40
27. Limel.........................,...........  15.52
28. Scheraaz................................... 15.5-2
2!). Syracuse.................................. 15.28
30. Pauterne.................................. 14.22
31. Burgundy.................................. lH.fiO
    Do.........................................  15.22
    Do......................................... 14.53
    Do......................................... n.0.5
                                  Average, 1457
32. Hock...................................  .. ]4.?,7
    Do......................................... 13 no
    Do. (old in cask)..........................  8.88
                                  Averaee. 12.08
    Rudesheimer  (1811)......................H  10.72
        Do.     (1800).....................H. 1222
                               Average, H. 11 47
    .Tohannisberger........................ .H.  8 71
33. Nice...................................... J4 63
34. Barsac....................................  13.86

  (a) 15.90 H. (V) 18.40 H.   (e) 14.50 U. (d) 12.9] H. 
AVLNE
921
AVOODS
35- Tent...................................... 13.30
36. Champagne fetid)......................... 13.80
       Do.    (sparlcling).................... 12 80
       Do.    (red).......................... 12.56
       Do.................................... 11.30
                                 Average, 12.61
37. Red  Hermitage............................ 12.32
38. Vin de Grave.............................. 13.94
   Do........................................ 12.80
                                 Average, 13.37
39. Frontignac............................... 12.79
40. Cote Rotie................................ 12.32
41. Gooseberry Wine......................... 11.84
42.  Orange Wine—average of six samples made
     by a London manufacturer.............. 11.26
43. Tokay....................................  9.88
44.  Elder Wine...............................  9.87
45.  Rhenish Wine..........................H.  8.71
46.  Cider — highest average....................  9.87
    Do.     lowest............................  5.21
 47. Perry — average of four samples...........  7.26
 48. Mead.....................................   7.32
 49. Ale(Burton)..............................  8 88
    Do. (Edinburgh) ..........................   6.20
    Do. (Dorchester)...........................  5.56
                                  Average,  6.87
 50. Brown Stout..............................   6.80
 51. London Porter — average..................  4.20
      Do.  Small Beer — average.............   128
 52. Brandy...................................53.39
 53. Rum  .....................................53.68
 54. Gin.......................................51.60
 55. Scotch Whisky............................54.32
 56. Irish     do............................53.90

   The only wine recommended in some pharma-
 copoeias is Sherry,  Vinum,  Vinum  album Hie-
 pan'icum, Leucos'nue.   It is a  dry wine;  the
 least variable  in  its properties, and agrees best
 with the dyspeptic.  Other wines used  ofncinally
 are—Canary or Sack wine,  Vinum Canari'num ;
 Mountain wine, Vinum album monta'num; Tent
 wine;  Rhenish  wine,  Vinum Rhena'num; and
 Port wine,  Vinum rubrum Portugal'licum.
   The wines habitually drunk  are almost innu-
 merable.   Those that  are  sweet, or  contain a
 large portion  of free, saccharine matter, are  de-
 cidedly the least wholesome to  the dyspeptic.
    When wine is good, and of a proper age, it is
 tonic and nutritive; when new, flatulent and ca-
 thartic, disagreeing with the stomach and bowels.
 In  medicine,  it is  a valuable  tonic in  the  last
 stage of typhus, when the skin is not too hot  and
 dry.   Its use, however,  requires  great caution;
 and when once commenced under proper circum-
 stances, it cannot be  suddenly dropped without
 mischief.  It is, perhaps,  the best permanent
 stimulus in  the catalogue of   the materia  me-
  dica.
    Mulled Wine is  made  as follows: — Take of
 bruised cinnamon f, \ ; half a nutmeg grated;  and
  ten  bruised clovee.  Infuse in   boiling water Oss
  for an hour;  strain  and add eugar £j.   Pour the
  whole into a pint of hot Port or Sherry.  Useful
  in adynamic conditions.
    Wine, Amin^an, Aminaeum vinum — w. of
  Aloes, Vinum aloes—w. Antimonial, Vinum anti-
  monii tartarizati—w. Antiscorbutic, Vinum anti-
  scorbuticum — w. Aromatic, Vinum aromaticum
  —w. Bark, compound, A'inum de kinii kina com-
  positum—w. Barley, Cerevisia—w. Bitter,  diure-
  tic, Vinum diureticum amarum.
    Wine Bitters,  Vinum gentia'na compositum.
  The formula? for these may be various.  The fol-
  lowing is as good and as agreeable as any.  (Rad.
  gentian. Ibj, cort. ajtrant. %x, eem. cardam. cont.
  $iv, ct'niiom. cort. ^iv, wine, foreign or domestic,
  three  gallons and  a half.)   Tonic and stoma-
  chic.                                '
    AVine. Cedar, Cedrinum vinum — w. Cham-
  pagne, Vinum campanmn—w. Chian, Chium vi-
  num__w. of Colchicum, Vinum colchici — w. of
  Colchicum seed, ATinum colchici seminis — w. of
  Ei"ot, Vinum ergotie—w. of Gentian,  compound,
Vinum gentianae compositum — w. of Hellebore,
white, A'inum veratri — w. Ipecacuanha, A'inum
ipecacuanhas—w. of Iron, A'inum ferri—w. Medi-
cated, A'inum  medicinale — w. Mulled, see Wine
— w. of Opium, Vinum opii — w. Port, Vinum
Portugallicum—w. Pullet, Poulet, vin de—w. of
Quinia, Vinum quiniae—w. Rhubarb, Arinum  rhei
palmati — w.  Sherry, Vinum — w. Steel, Vinum
ferri — w. Tobacco, Vinum tabaci.
  AVine Whey, White Wine Whey.  Take of good
milk two-thirds of a pint, and add water to make
a pint.  Take of eherry, or any other good white
wine, two  glasses, and of eugar a dessert-spoonful.
Place the milk and water in a deep pan  on the
fire; and the moment it  boils, pour into it the
wine and sugar.  Stir assiduously for  12 or 15
minutes, whilst it boils.   Lastly, strain through
a sieve.
   It is a good mode of giving wine in adynamic
states.
   Wine,  White,  see Wine — w. of Wormwood,
Vinum absinthites.
   WING-SEED, Petela trifoliata.
   WINKING, Scardamygmus.
   WINTER-BARK TREE, Wintera aromatica
—w. Berry, Alrginia, Prinos—w. Berry, smooth,
Prinos lasvigatus — w. Berry, whorled, Prinos.
   Winter Bloom, Hamamelis  Virginiana — w.
 Cough, Bronchitis, chronic — w. Green, Gaulthe-
ria— w. Green, round-leaved, Pyrola—w. Green,
 spotted, Pyrola maculata.
   WINTERA, see Wintera aromatica.
   Win'tera Aromat'ica,  Drimye Winter!,  Win-
 tera'na aromat'ica, Winter-bark Tree.  The bark,
 Wintera  (Ph. U. S.), Cortex Wintera'nue, Cortex
 Winteranue  Magellan'icue, Cortex Magellan'icus
 Cinnamo'mum Magellan'icum, (F.) Ecorce de  Win-
 ter, CanneUe  poivrie, is very much allied in its
 properties to  Canella alba.
   WINTERANA  AROMATICA,  Wintera aro-
 matica.
   WISBADEN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Wisbaden is  a town of Germany,  about  6  miles
 north of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. It has
 been long celebrated for its hot springs; and  is
 much frequented.  There are numerous cold and
 thermal springs,—the former containing sulpho-
 hydrie acid; the latter being saline and acidulous.
 The temperature of the hot springs varies from
 117° to 160° Fahr.
   AVISMUTHUM, Bismuth.
   WOAD, Isatis tinctoria.
   WOLFBANE, Veratrum viride.
   WOLFSBANE, Aconitum—w. Wholesome,
 Aconitum anthora.
   WOLFSCLAAV, Lycopodium.
   AVOLFSJAW, see Harelip.
   AVOMANHOOD, Mulieritas.
   WOMB, Uterus—w. Falling down of the, Pro-
 lapsus uteri.
    AVomb Grain, Ergot.                    r
   AVomb, Laceration of the, Uterus, rupture  of
 the—w.  Tympany of the, Physometra.
    AA'OOD,  BRAZIL, Caesalpinia  echinata —  w.
 Elk, Andromeda arborea — w. Fernambuco, Cae
 salpinia  echinata.
    AVood-lice,  Onisci aselli — w. Nicaragua, see
 Caesalpinia—w.  Peach, see Caesalpinia—w. Per-
 nambuco, Csesalpinia echinata—w. Sampfen, Cae-
 salpinia  sappan—w. Sappan, Caesalpinia sappan
 — w. Sorrel, Oxalis acetosella — w. Sour, Andro-
 meda arborea — w. AVaxen, Genista tinctoria.
    AVOODBINE,  COMMON, Lonicera periclyme-
 num.
    AVOODROOF, SAYEET-SCENTED, Asperula
 odorata.
    AVOODS, SUDOBTFTC, (F.) Bois sudorifiques.
  This  term is applied,  collectively,  t" the guaia- 
J
WOORARA
AVOUND
cum,  sassafras,  china, and sarsaparilla;  which
are often  used together to form the sudorific de-
coction.
  AVOORARA, Curare.
  WORM, see Alembic, Vermiform process — w.
Bark  tree, Geoffrasa inermis — w. Cakes, Story's,
see Cakes, worm, Story's —w.  Disease, Helmin-
thiasis— w. Goosefoot, Chenopodium anthelmin-
ticuin—w. Grass, perennial, Spigelia Marilandica.
  AVorm, Guinea, Dracunculus.
  Worm Loz'enges,  Ching's.   Empirical  pre-
parations, which consist  of  yellow and  brown
lozenges.   The former are directed to be taken
in the evening; the latter on the following morn-
ing.   The  Yellow Lozenges. (Saffron, ^ss, water,
Oj; boil, and strain; and add of white panacea of
mercury, (calomel washed in  spirit of wine,) Ibj,
white  sugar, 28 lbs, mucilage of gum  tragacanth
q. s., to  make  a mass.  Divide, so that  each
lozenge may  contain a  grain  of the  panacea.)
The Brown Lozenges.   (Panacea  ^vij, resin of
jalap Ibiijss, white  sugar Ibix, mucilage of gum
tragac. q. s.   Each lozenge to contain gr. ss of
the panacea.)
  Worm Lozenges,  Sherman's,  are said to be
composed  of calomel, gamboge, and eugar.
  Peters's  Worm Lozengee are  said to  be com-
posed in a similar manner.
  Worm Root,  Spigelia Marilandica — w. Seed,
Artemisia santonica, Chenopodium anthelminti-
eum — w.  Seed, goosefoot, Chenopodium anthel-
minticuin— w. Weed, Corsican, Corallina Corsi-
cana,  Polanisia graveolens—w.  AVeed, white, Co-
rallina— w. AVood, biennial, Artemisia biennis—
w. Wood,  common,  Artemisia  absinthium — w.
AVood, creeping, Artemisia rupestris—-w.  AVood,'
lesser, Artemisia Pontica — w.  Wood, Roman,
Artemisia Pontica—w. Wood, Sea, Artemisia ma-
ritima— w. AVood, silky, Artemisia glacialis.
  WORMIA'NA OSSA  seu  OSSIC'ULA, 0.
epaeta'Ua,  0. raphogeminan'tia, 0. triq'uetra, 0.
triungula'ria Bla'sii, Clavcs  calva'ria, 0. eutu-
ra'rum, (F.)  Oe  Wormiene, Clefs du  crane, Oa
ipaetaux,  Oa  aurnum.irairea, (Ch.), Oa intercolia,
Oa triangulairee.  Small bones, which are some-
times observable in  the  sutures of the bones of
the cranium, of which they form a part.   They
were called Wormiana, from Olaus Wormius, who
is said to have  first described them.   They had
been  previously, however, mentioned by  G. An-
dernach, a physician  at  Strasburg.  The  Ossa
Wormiana exist more  commonly  in the sutures
of the vault of the skull;  especially in the lamb-
doidal, sagittal,  and squamous.   They are  un-
common at the  base of the skull.  Their size is
very variable, and shape irregular. Their struc-
ture and development are similar to those of the
other bones ofthe cranium; and, like them, they
are bounded by  sutures.
   AVORMS, originally from (L.)  Vermes; Intes'-
tinal  Worme,  Entozo'a, Entozoa'n'a, Enterozo'a,
Endozo'a,  Vermes intesti'ni, Entelminth'a,  En-
thelmin'thes,  Helmut'thi, Helminth1 ia  Alvi, H.
pod'icis,  Splanclinelmin'tha,  Entoparaeitee,  (F.)
 Vers,  Vere inteetinaux, Entozoairea.   Animals
whose common character is that of existing only
in other animals; hence their name entozoa, from
evros, 'within,' and t^ov, 'animal.' They are met
with, not  only in the  natural  cavities, but even
in the tissue  of the organs.   Cuvier,  Rudolphi,
Brera, Bremser, Laennec, and others,  have en-
deavoured to classify them, — some according to
their shape; others, according to their anatomical
 characters.
   The following table exhibits the entozoa, which
have been met with in the human body, and their
usual habitat:—
Trichoceph'alus dispar,
Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris,
As'caris lumbricoi'des,
Bothrioceph'alus latus,
Tae'nia so'lium,
Ditrachyc'eras rudis,
Diploso'ma crena'ta,
Spirop'tera hom'inis,
Dactyl'ius aculea'tus,
Dis'toma hepat'icum,
Stron'gylus gigas,
Fila'ria oc'uli,
Acephalocyst'is endog"eaaj

Ecbinococ'cus hom'inis,     J

Polys'toma pinguic'ola,
Polys'toma vena'rum seu san-
  guie 'ola, Hexathyrid' ium
  vena'rum,
Fila'ria bronchia'lis,
Trichi'na spira'lis,          ]
Cysticer'cus cellulo'sae,      J
Acephalocyst'is multif'ida,
Fila'ria medinen'sis,
Where found.
Intestines.
Urinary bladder.

Gall bladder.
Kidney.
Eye.
Liver.
Liver, Spleen, and
  Omentum.
Ovary.

Veins.

Bronchial glands.

Muscles.
Brain.
Cellular texture.
   The most common of these are :—the Oxyures
vermiculares, Ascarides lumbricoides, and Tienia,
which are found in the intestines.  The origin of
these worms is extremely singular,  and more
favourable than any other fact to the hypothesis
of spontaneous generation in the lowest tribes of
animated nature.   They are certainly not iden-
tical with any worms out of the body.  They are
.most commonly met with in children improperly
ffed; but their presence cannot be positively de-
tected by any  symptom, except that of the dis-
charge of the worms themselves in  the  evacua-
tions.  They may, of course, give rise to every
kind of irritation  in the intestinal tube,  and to
sympathetic disturbance in most of the functions;
but all these signs may be produced  by intestinal
irritation resulting from other causes.
   Anthelmintica or vermifuges, employed, as the
name imports,  for their removal, may be of two
kinds—mechanical and true.   To the first class—
the mechanical—belong Emetics, Purgatives, Mu-
cuna, powdered Tin, &c.  To the latter—the true
anthelmintics, — Turpentine, Chenopodium anthel-
minticum, Pink-root, Semina  Santoniei,  &e.   Of
these, the best is turpentine.  See  Oleum tere-
binthinae.  The great object, however, is to pre-
vent their generation.  This must  be done  by
generous  diet,  fresh air,  and tonics, where ne-
cessary.
   WORT, Sax. pypt, Muslnm, Infu'sum Bynes
seu Bra'eii seu Malti, (F.) Mo&t de la Biire.  An
infusion  of malt.   This has been recommended
in scurvy.  One measure of ground malt is added
to three equal measures  of  boiling  water.  The
mixture  must  be  well stirred, and  left to stand
covered  three  or  four hours.  Dose, one to four
pints, daily. It has, also, been recommended in
other cases, where a strong putrescent disposition
appeared to prevail in the fluids, as in cancerous
and phagedenic ulcers.  It is not now employed.
   WOUND> Sax.  punS, Vulnue, Volnus, (diminu-
tive Vulnns'culum,) Plaga,  Trauma, Troma, Tresis,
 Tresis Vulnns, Blabe, Tymma, (F.) Plaie,  Blcs-
sure.  A solution  of continuity in the soft parts,
produced by some  mechanical agent.  Wounds
present innumerable differences, as  regards their
situation ; the  parts interested; their direction ;
size;  shape;  the  nature of the instrument  or
agent by which they are  produced; their more
 or less simple or complex character,  duration, &e.
 A wound is called  incised,  (F.) Coupnre, Incieion,
 when made by a cutting instrument;—punctured, 
WOURALI
923
XIPHOID
Nygma, (F.) Piqure, when made by a pointed
instrument; — lacerated, (F.) Dichirure, Plate
par  arrachement, when the parts are lacerated
or torn by the wounded body;  poieoned, Cellu-
litie vencna'ta, Necu'eia, (F.) Plate envenimie,
when some  virulent or venomous substance has
been introduced;—and coutueed, (F.) Plaie con-
tuse, when produced by a blunt  body.  Gunehot
wounda, Sclopetopla'ga, Vul'nera eclopeta'ria, (F.)
Plaies d'armee d feu ou  d!arquebusade, Coup de
feu, belong to the last division.
 . AVOCRALI, Curare.
  WOURARI, Curare.
  AVOURARU, Curare.
  AVRACK, SEA, Fucus vesiculosus.
  AVrack, Bladder, Yellow, Fucus vesiculosus.
  WRAPPING UP,  (OF THE  HYDROPA-
THISTS,) Emaillottage.
  AVRENCH, Sprain.
  WRIGHTIA ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Ne-
rium antidysentericum.
  WRINKLE, Sax. ppincle,  Ruga, Rytis, Rha-
cus, Rhachus, Rhagus, Rhyeee'ma, Corrnga'tio cu-
tie,  (F.) Ride.  A furrow or fold in the skin of
the face, forehead,  vagina,  <tc.  See  Corruga-
tion.
  AVRINKLED, Rugo'eue, Rugoue,  Rugoee, (F.)
Ridi.  Full of wrinkles.
  WRIST, Carpus.
  AVRIST-DROP.  Paralysis of the muscles of
the forearm, induced by the poison of lead.
  WRITERS' SPASM, see Spasm, writers'.
  WURALI, Curare.
   WURSTGIFT, Allantotoxicum.
  WRONG HEIR,  Cancellus.
X.
  XALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
  XANTHIC OXIDE, Uric oxide.
  XANTHINE, Uric oxide.
  XAN'THIUM, N. struma'rium seu Orienta'le
seu Vulga're, Barda'na minor, Lappa minor, Les-
ser  Burdock, Burweed,  Burthistle, Clotbur, (F.)
Lampourde, Petit Glouteron, Petite Bardane. This
herb, as one of  its  names imports, was once es-
teemed for the cure of scrofula.   The seeds have
been administered in cutaneous  affections.
  XAN THIURIA,  Xanthuria.
  XANTHOPSIA,  from  frv6os, 'yellow,' and
oxpij, ' vision.'   Yellow vision, — as sometimes
occurs  in jaundice.
  XANTHORRHIZA, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
  Xanthorriii'za Apiipo'lia, Xanthorrhiza, X.
simplicis'sima, N. MarboVca,  Zanthorrhiza tinc-
to'ria,  Yellow  Root, Parsley-leaved  Yellow Root
or Yellow wort,  Shrub  yellow root.   The root of
this American plant — Xanthorrhiza, (Ph.  U. S.)
—is a  strong  and  pleasant bitter;  and, in the
dose of two scruples, sits easy upon the stomach.
  XANTHOS, Yellow.
  XANTHO'SIS.   A term applied to the yellow
discoloration often observed in cancerous tumours
— especially in encephaloid of the testicle. — Le-
bert.
  XANTHOX'YLUMCLAVA HER'CULIS,
Prickly Ash,  Toothach Tree,   (F.)  Clavalier  d
feutiles defrene. Frene ipineux.   The bark—
Xanthoxylum, (Ph. U. S.) — is a  very strong
stimulant and powerful sialagogue.   It has been
given,  internally, in rheumatism. Another spe-
cies—Nantlioxylum  fraxinifo'lium, Xanthoxylum
fraxiu'eum, Shrubby prickly aeh, Toothach bush,
Pell'itory, Yellow wood, Suterberry,—possesses
active powers.   A spirituous infusion of the bark
has been highly recommended in cases of violent
colic.  The fresh juice, expressed from the roots
of the  xanthoxylum, is said to afford  relief in
the dry bellyache of the AVest Indies.  A decoc-
tion of the bark is sometimes used as a wash to
foul ulcors.
  XANTHU'RIA. Xanthiu'ria, from ^av9os, 'yel-
low,' and  ovpov, ' urine.'  A condition of the sys-
tem and of the urine, in which  xanthio oxide is
deposited from the urine.
  XANTICA, Carminatives.
  XANTOLIXA. Artemisia santonica.
  XEN'OPOCEUM, Hospital.
  XENODOCHEUM, Hospital.
  XERANSIS, Arefaction, Drying.
  XERANTIA, Siccantia.
  XERA'SIA.  Same etymon; from hpo;,  'dry.'
A disease of the hairs, which become dry, cease
to grow, and resemble down covered with dust.—
Galen.
  XERION, Catapasma.
  XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  from hpac, 'dry,' and
KoWovptov, ' a collyrium ;' Collyr'ium  eiccum.  A
dry collyrium.
  XERODER'MA, from  frpos, 'dry,' and  leppa,
' skin.'  Diminution of secretion of the sebaceous
glands.
  XEROMA, Xeropththalmia—x. Conjunctival,
Xerophthalmia.
  Xeroma,  Lachrymal.  Suppression  of the
lachrymal secretion.
  XEROMYCTER, Xeromycteria.
  XEROMYCTE'RIA, Xeromycter,  from  frpoc,
' dry,' and uvurnp, ' the nose.'  Dryness  of the
nose.
  XEROMYRON,  Unguen'tum  eiccum;  from
^ripoi,  'dry,' and  pvpov,  'an  ointment.'   A dry
ointment. — Gorraeus.
  XEROPHA'GIA, from %npoc, 'dry,' and ibaym,
' I eat.'  Excessive use of dry aliment.   A kind
of regimen to which the ancient athletse subjected
themselves,  with  the view  of  increasing their
strength.
  XEROPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthal'mia eicca, Oph-
thalmoxero'sis,  Xero'ma,  from Znpos,  ' dry,' and
otpSa^pta, 'inflammation of the eye.'   An inflam-
mation of the eye, without discharge.  The term
—as well as Conjuncti'ral Xero'ma, and Cutic'ular
Conjunct!'va — has been given to cases in which
the conjunctiva is so changed, that  it presents
more of the characters of skin than of mucous
membrane. It is incapable of radical cure.  Also,
lippitudo.
  XEROTRIBIA. see Friction.
  XEROTRIPSIS,  Friction, dry.
  XIPHISTERNUM, Xiphoid.
  XIPHODES, Xiphoid.
  XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraeo-gastrodidymns.
  XIPHOID,  Niphoi'des, Xipho'des,' Ensifor'-
mis, from £i<pos, ' a sword,'  and  ciSos.  'shape;'
Cartila'go Xipho'idee, C. Niphoidea. C. Scutti'lie,
C. Ensiformis, C. Pelta'lia seu pelUi'tua, En'eiform
cartilage,  Furcel'la   inferior,  Mucrona'tum  oe, 
XIPHOPAGES              921                 ZArANIA
Mucrona'ta  Cartila'go, Chondroe, Proceeane xi-
pkoaterna'lie seu xiphoidee seu eterni xipho'ide-
»(», Aiphisternum, (F.) Appendice ou cartilage xi-
phoidee, C. Mucroni, Appendice eoue-sternale, Pa-
lette.  The name of the appendix which termi-
nates the sternum beneath ; and which is so called
from some resemblance to a sword.
  Xiphoid  Lig'ament, Coeto-xyphoid  L.  (F.)
Ligament xiphoidien oucosto-xiphoidien,isasmall,
very thin, ligamentous fasciculus, which passes
from the cartilage of prolongation of the 7th rib
to the anterior surface  of the xiphoid cartilage,
into which it is inserted by its fibres decussating
with those of the opposite ligament.
  XIPIIOP'AGES, Did'ymus, Symphyo-epigas'-
trius ; from ^itpog, ' a sword,' and irtiyvvpa, ' I fix.'
A monstrosity, in which twins are united by the
epigastrium, as in the case of the Siamese twins.
  XYLO-ALOES,  Agallochum — x. Balsamum,
  YAM.  This esculent root is  principally ob-
tained from three species of Diosco'rea, — ala'ta
bulbif'era, and sati'va. They grow spontaneously
in both the Indies, and their roots are eaten pro-
miscuously, as the potato is with  us. Their taste
is somewhat like the potato.
  YAM ROOT, AVILD, Dioscorea villosa.
  YARD, Penis.
  YARROAV, COMMON, Achillea millefolium.
  YAUPON, Ilex vomitoria.
  YAAVNING, from Sax. geonan, Chasme, Chas-
mus, Hia'tus, Osce'do, Oscita'tio, Clonus pandicu-
la'tio  maxilla'rum,  Gaping,  (F.)  Baillement.
Yawning consists of a deep inspiration, with con-
siderable separation of the  jaws, executed slowly
and in an involuntary manner, and followed by
a prolonged and more or less sonorous expiration.
This respiratory movement is preceded by a feel-
ing of oppression in the epigastric region, and in
the  muscles  of  respiration  and mastication.
Yawning has been conceived to be owing to tor-
por in the pulmonary circulation ;  the causes pro-
ducing it being commonly ennui, fatigue, sleepi-
ness, monotonous sounds, hunger, sympathy, &c.
Yawning often precedes the invasion of certain
intermittents, attacks of hysteria, <fcc, and it may,
by its frequency,  and obstinacy,  become a true
disease.
  YAAVROOT, Stillingia.
  YAWS, Framboesia.
  YEAST, Yest—y. Plant, Torula cerevisia?.
  YELK, see Ovum.
  YELLOAV, Flavus, Lu'teus, Xanthus, from past
participle of Sax. ^eaelan, 'to burn.'  One of the
seven primitive colours.
  Yellow Ash, Cladrastis tinctoria — y. Berry,
Podophyllum montanum — y. Fever, see Fever,
Yellow—y. Fever, mild, see Relapse.
  Yellow Ligaments,  (F.) Ligaments jaunes,
occupy the spaces between the vertebral plates,
  ZACCHARUM, Saccharum.
  ZAEL, Borosail.
  ZAFFRAN, Crocus.
  ZAMBO, see Mulatto.
  ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA, see Arrowroot—z.
Pumila, see Arrowroot.
  ZANNA.  A kind  of Armenian  bole, used by
see Amyris opobalsamnm — x.  Cassia, Laurus
cassia — x. Cinnamomum, Laurus cinnamomum.
  XYLUM, Gossipium.
  XYMPATHIA, Sympathy.
  XYRIS, Iris foetidissima.
  Xyris P.ILBO'SA, X. In'dica, X. Carolinia'na,
Yellow-eyed Grass; indigenons ; Order, Xyrida-
ceoa ;  flowering from  July to  September.  The
roots and leaves are said to be used by  the Hin-
doos in lepra, and chronic cutaneous  diseases  in
general.
  X\TRUM, Novacula.
  XYRUS, Novacula.
  XYSMA, Linteum, Rasura, Scobs.
  XYSMOS, Rasura.
  X\TSTER, Raspatorium.
  XYSTOS, Linteum.
  XYSTRUM, Raspatorium—x. Ophthalmicum,
Ophthalmoxyster.
from  the  interval,  which separates  the second
vertebra from the third, to that  which separates
the last vertebra from the sacrum.  They are  so
called in consequence of their colour.
  Yellow Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis — y.
Root, Jeffersonia Bartoni — y.  Root,  Parsley-
leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia — y. Root, Shrub,
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia — y. Star,  Helenium au-
tumnale—y. Weed, Ranunculus acris—y. Wood,
Xanthoxylum  fraxineum — y.  AVort,  Parsley-
leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
  YELLOWS,  Cypripedium luteum, Icterus,
Ranunculus acris.
   YERBA  DEL  SOLD AD A,  Matico— y.  de
Hiiaca, Datura sanguinea.
  YEST,  Yeast,  Sax.jert, from yj*c, 'a storm,'
yPoltf, ' stormy ;' Cerevis'ia Fermen'turn, Spuma
Cerevis'ia, Barm, (F.) Levure, Levure de la Biere.
The scum, which collects on  the surface of  beer
whilst fermenting.  Yest is antiseptic and tonic.
It has been much extolled in putrid  fevers, — a
table-s|K)onful  being given as a dose, in porter,
wine, &c.   It is, also, applied, in the  form of ca-
taplasm, to foul ulcers. In all these cases, it acts
by virtue of the  generation of carbonic acid gas.
   YEVX ARDENS, Ardent eyes — y. d'Ecre-
visse, Cancrorum chelae.
  YEW TREE,  Taxus baccata.
  YLECH, Ilech.
  YLIATER, Ilech.
  YOLK, see Ovum.
  YOUTH, Adolescence.
  YOPON, Ilex  vomitoria.
  YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
  YRIDES, Orpiment.
  YSAM'BRA, Pedigam'bra.  An ancient  Spa-
nish poison, of which hellebore formed the great-
est part.
  YUCCA, Jatropha manihot.
  Y-AVER-A, see Spirit.
the ancients as a desiccative.  It was also called
Zamacha.
   ZANTHORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor-
rhiza apiifolia.
  ZANTHOXYLUM CLAVA HERCULIS, Xan-
thoxylum clava Herculis.
  ZAPANIA NODIFLORA,.Anacoluppa.
Y.
Z. 
ZARXACHA                925                  ZINCI
    ZARXACHA, Zanna.
    ZAHSA, Smilnx sarsaparilla.
    ZARZAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
    ZEA MAYS, Z. vulgo're, Mays z<n  seu Amen-
  c« n.«, Mays, Indian Corn, Com, Turkey Wheat,
  Maize, Ador, Indian  Wheat,  (F.)  Mais, Graine
  de  Turquie,  Bli  d'Inde,  Bli  d'Espagne, Ble
  d Italic, Bli  dc Turquie.   A native of America,
  mid much used over the whole  of the continent
  as an article of diet.  It is ground for the same
  purposes as wheat, and forms an excellent bread.
    Z EDO AIRE ROND, Kaempferia rotunda.
    ZEDOARIA, Kaempferia rotunda — z. Longa,
  see Kaempferia—z. Rotunda, see Kaempferia.
    ZEDOARY,  Kaempferia rotunda.
    ZELOSrS, Zelotypia.
    ZELOTYPTA, from  c>Aof,  'love,' and  rviros,
  'form,' ' model;'  Zelo'eie.  It has been proposed
  to apply this name to the violent mental affection
  produced by the acknowledged or presumed infi-
  delity of a beloved  object;  and to  the  conse-
  quences of such affection; — melancholy, mania,
  &c.
    ZEMA, Decoction.
    ZENTCON, ZcviKov.  Ancient name of a Keltic
  poison, used for poisoning arrows.
    ZEPHACH,  Peritonaeum.
    ZERMA, Zerna.
    ZERNA, Zerma.  Amongst the barbarous La-
  tin writers it signified ulcerated impetigo, lmpeti'-
  go ulcer a't a.
    ZERUMBET, Cassumuniar.
    ZESIS, Effervescence, Decoction.
    ZEST, see  Citrus medica.
    ZESTOLUSIA, Bath, hot.
    ZIBEB.E,  see Vitis vinifera.
    ZIBETHUM, Civetta.
    ZIGNITES,  Zingrites.
    ZINC, Zincum, Zinkum,  Speltrum, Speanter,
  Tuteuag, Zinchum, Zint, Stannum In'dicum. Per-
  haps formed etymologically from (G.) Zin, 'Tin.'
  A metal obtained from calamine and blende.  Its
  colour is bluish-white ; lustre of the fresh surface
  considerable, but soon dulled,  from the facility
  with which it oxidates;  hard; texture striated.
  S. g. 7.190.  Melts  at  700° Fah., burns with a
  bright flame in a higher  temperature, and is vo-
  latilized in the  form of a white, flocculent oxyd.
  Its use, in  medicine, is in the  formation  of the
  following preparations.
    ZINC, ACETATE DE, Zinci acetas—z. But-
  ter of,  Zinci chloridum — z. Chloride of,  Zinci
  chloridum—z.  Chlorure de, Zinci chloridum — z.
  FerrohydrocyaUate of,  Zinci  cyanuretum — z.
  Flowers of, Zinci oxydum — z. Hydrocyanate of,
  Zinci cyanuretum — z. Iodide of, Zinci Iodidum
  —z. Ioduret of, Zinci Iodidum.
    Zinc and Moiiph'ia, Double I'odide of.  (F.)
  lodure double de Zinc et de Morphine.  This salt
  is prepared by boiling  iodide of iodhydrate of
  morpihia with water and zinc, after they have acted
  on each other for some days; filtering and crys-
  tallizing.   It is considered to combine the pro-
  perties of morphia and the salts of zinc, and has
  been prescribed as an anodyne and antispasmodic.
  Dose, a quarter of a grain.
    ZINC, OXIDE DE, Zinci oxydum—z. Oxyd
r of, Zinoi oxydum.
    Zinc  and  Strydi'nia, Double I'odide  of.
  This  salt  is  prepared  by  digesting for  several
  days in hot water, iodide of iodhydrate of etrych-
  nia and zinc; filtering and crystallizing.   It has
  been proposed in the same cases as strychnia.
    ZINC. SULFATE DE, Zinci sulphas—z. Sul-
  phate of, Zinci  Sulphas—z. A'alerianate of, Zinci
  Valerianas.
    ZINCHUM,  Zincum.
  ZINCI ACE'TAS, Ac"etate of Zinc, (¥.) Aci-
tate  de Zinc.   (Plumbi acet.  Ibj,  zinc,  granul.
t^ix, aqua deatillat. Oiij.  Dissolve the acetate
of lead in the water, and filter.  Add the zinc to
the solution, and agitate them occasionally to-
gether, in a stopped bottle, for five or six hours,
or until the liquid yields no precipitate, with a
solution of iodide of potassium.  Filter the liquor,
evaporate it with  a moderate heat to one-fifth,
and  set it aside to crystallize.   Pour off the
liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper.
  Should the crystals be coloured,  dissolve them
in distilled water,  and having heated the solu-
tion, drop into it, while hot, a filtered solution of
chlorinated lime, until it ceases to let fall sesqui-
oxide of iron ; filter the liquor, acidulate it with
a few drops of  acetic acid, evaporate, and crys-
tallize.—PA. U. S.)
  Frequently used to form  a  gently astringent
wash in ophthalmia and other local  inflamma-
tions;  and as an injection in gonorrhoea.
  Zinci Carbonas Impurus, Calamina.
  Zinci Car'bonas Pr^ecipita'tus, Precip'itated
carbonate of Zinc.  (Zinci eulphat., aoda carbonat.
aa Ibj;  aq. bullient. cong.  Dissolve the sulphate
of zinc and carbonate of soda respectively in Oiv
of water.   Mix the solutions; stir, and set the.
mixture by, that the powder may subside. Having
poured off  the liquid, wash the precipitated car-
bonate of zinc  with hot water, until the fluid of
the washings is nearly tasteless, and dry with a
gentle  heat. — Ph. U. S.)  Used to prepare the
Zinzi oxidum.                     .
  Zinci Carbonas Pr^eparatus, Calamina prae-
parata.
  Zinci CHLo'ruftrM, Z. chlorure'tum,  Zincum,
chlora'tum, Z. muriat'icum (oxydatum), Chloride
or Chloruret of Zinc, Butter of Zinc. (F.) Chlo-
rure de Zinc.  (Zinc, in frustulis, ,^ijss;  acid.
nitric, creta praparat. aa, ^j >'  acid, muriat.  q. s.
To tbe zinc, in the porcelain vessel,  add gradually
sufficient muriatic acid to dissolve it; strain, add
the nitric acid, and evaporate  to dryness.  Dis-
solve the dry mass in water, add the chalk, allow
the mixture to stand for 24  hours, filter,  and
again evaporate to dryness.— Ph. U. S.)   It is
very deliquescent in the air, forming the  Butter
of Zinc, Buty'rum Zinci.
  Chloride of Zinc is a powerful escharotic, and
has been  lately employed  as  an  effective anti-
septic.
  Zinci Chloruretum, Z. chloridum.
  Zinci Cyanure'tum, Hydrocy'anas Zinci, Zin-
cum  Cyanogena1turn, Z. Borna'8icum, Z. Zooticum,
Hydrocy' anate  of Zinc.  This salt is formed by
adding sulphate of zinc to hydrocyanate  of po-
tassa so long as any precipitate is  thrown down.
When dried and calcined at a  low  heat,  the pro-
duct is a mixture of cyanuret  of zinc and  of po-
tassium.   It has been recommended in nervous
cardialgia.   Dose,  from  one-sixteenth  to one-
twelfth of a grain.
  It is chiefly used as a caustic;  one part of the
chloride being  mixed with  four, three,  or  two
parts of flour, according to the desired strength,
and  a  few drops ef water being added to form a
paste.
  Zinci Ferrohydrocy'anas,. Cyanure'tum Fer-
rozin'cicum, Zincum Ferrohydroeyon'icum, Ferro-
hydrocyanate of Zinc.  Made  by the mutual de-
composition of  boiling-hot solutions of sulphate
of zinc and ferrocyanate of potassa. It has been
recommended in the same cases as the last pre-
paration.
  Zinci Hydrocyanas, Zinci cyanuretum.
  Zinct Iod'idum, Z. Iodure'tum, Zincum  Ioda'-
tum, Iode'tum Zinci seu Zin'cicum.  Protoiodure' ■
tum Zinci, I'odide or lod'uret of Zinc.   This ealt 
ZINCUM
926
ZOONOMIA
 is made by boiling together iodine and  zinc to
 dryness, and subliming. An ointment, composed
 of a drachm to an ounce of lard, has been used
 in cases where the  external use of iodide of po-
 tassium is indicated.
    Zinci Ioduretum,  Z. iodidum — z. Nix, Zinci
 oxydum.
    Zinci Ox'ydum, Zincum calcina'tum, Oxyd of
 Zinc, Flowers of Zinc, ATihil Album, Lana Phi-
 loaopho'rum, L. Philoeoph'ica, Nix Zinci, A'ihil
 Grie'eum, Pom'pholyx, (F.) Oxide de Zinc. (Pro-
 cured  by burning zinc in a long, deep, crucible,
 placed so as to collect the sublimate.  Also, by
 exposing the precipitate thrown down from a so-
 lution of eulphate of zinc by carbonate of ammo-
 nia to a strong  heat, so as to drive  off the  car-
 bonic  acid.—Ph.  U. S.) It is tonic and antispas-
 modic;  externally,  detergent  and  desiccative.
 Employed in epilepsy, chorea, &c.  For its ex-
 ternal use, see Ung. Zinci.
    Zinci Oxydum Impurum, Tutia.
    Zinci Sulphas, Sulphate of Zinc, Zincum Vit-
 riola'tum, Vitrio'lum Album,  White Vitriol, V.
  Goelarien'ee,  V. Zinci, Sulphae  Zin'cicum, Gilla
  Vitrioli,  Gilla Theophraa'ti, SalVomito'riumVit-
  rioli,  Chateau'thum Album, White Copperae, Sal
v Vitrioli, (F.) Sulfate de Zinc.   (Zinc, in frustul.
  Sjiv;  acid,  eulphuric. ^vj ; aqua deetillat. Oiv.
  To the zinc and water, previously introduced into
  a glass vessel, add by degrees the sulphuric acid,
  and, when  the effervescence shall have  ceased,
  filter  the solution  through paper;  then boil it
  down till a pellicle begins to form, and set aside
  to crystallize".—Ph. U. S.)  The sulphate of zinc
  is inodorous ; taste, styptic. It is in  white, semi-
  transparent, efflorescent crystals; soluble in three
  parts  of water at 60°.   It is emetic, tonic, anti-
  spasmodic,  and,  externally, astringent.   A nos-
  trum, sold under the  name Antipertue'eie, and, as
  its title imports, given in hooping-cough,  con-
  tains  this salt as its chief ingredient. It is emetic.
  Dose, as an emetic, gr. x to gss; as a tonic, gr. j
  to ij.   Used externally  as a collyrium, gr. j to
  water f§j.
    Zinci Valeria'nas, Vale'rianate of Zinc. A salt
  formed by saturating valerianic acid with freshly
  prepared carbonate of zinc.  It is in pure white,
  pearly scales,  and has been recommended as a
  tonic in neuralgic diseases, epilepsy, &e.  The
  dose is one or two grains several times a day.
     ZINCUM, Zinc — z. Borussicum,  Zinci cyanu-
  retum—z. Calcinatum, Zinci oxydum—z. Chlora-
  tum,  Zinci chloridum — z. Cyanogenatum, Zinci
  cyanuretum—z. Ferrohydrocyanicum, Zinci fer-
  rohydrocyanas — z. Iodatum, Zinci  iodidum — z.
  Muriaticum, Zinci chloridum — z.  Vitriolatum,
  Zinci sulphas — z.  Zooticum, Zinci cyanuretum.
     ZINGIBER,  Amomum zingiber—z. Cassumu-
  niar,  see Cassumuniar — z. Cliffordia, see Cassu-
  muniar— z. Germanicum, Arum maculatum — z.
   Officinale, Amomum  zingiber—z. Purpureum, see
   Cassumuniar—z. Spurium, see Cassumuniar—z.
   Zerumbet,  see Cassumuniar.
     ZINGIBERIN, Piperoid.
     ZINGRI'TES, Zigni'tee.  A stone, resembling
   glass; to which the ancients attributed marvel-
   lous properties.
     ZINKUM,  Zincum.
     ZINT, Zincum.
     ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber.
     ZIPHAC, Peritonaeum.
     ZIRBUS, Epiploon — z. Adipinus, Epiploon,
   gastro-colic.
     ZIZA'NIA AQUAT'ICA,  Wild  Rice; called
   by the Indians,  Menomene, grows abundantly on
   the marshy margins of the northern lakes and
   waters of the upper branches  of the Mississippi.
   Ihe grain  resembles oats. It furnishes the north-
ern savages and the Canadian traders and hunt-
ers with their annual supplies of grain.
  ZIZYPHUM, Jujube.
  ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA, see Jujube—z. Nitida,
see Jujube—z. Sativa, see Jujube—z. Sylvestris,
see Jujube.
  ZOA'GRIA,  from fan,  'life,' and  ayptoi,  'I
catch up.'  The saving and preservation of life.
Zo'deie.  A reward for  preserving life ;, Sostrum.
A votive offering  hung up in the temples for life
saved.
  ZOANTHRO'PIA, Melanchol'ia zodnthro'pia,
from  faov, 'an animal,' and av$pu>nos, 'a man.'
A  species of monomania, in which the patient
believes  himself  transformed  into an  animal.
Lycanthropia  and  cynanthropia belong to this
species' of monomania.
  ZOARA, Insomnia.
  ZOE, Life.
  ZOGRAPHIA,  Zoographia.
  ZOIATRIA, Veterinary art.
   ZOIATRUS, Hippiater.
   ZOMIDIUM, Jus.
   ZOMOS, Conaommi, Jus.
   ZONA, Herpes zoster — z. Castitatis, Hymen
— z.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  zone — z. Ignea, Herpes
zoster.
   Zona Pellu'cida, Oolem'ma pellu'cidum, Vi-
tellary membrane, (F.)  Vitelline, Membrane vitel-
line.  The membrane that surrounds the yolk in
the mammalia is so called on account of its thick-
ness and peculiar transparency.
   Zona  Serpiginosa,  Herpes zoster — z.  Virgi-
nitatis, Hymen.
   Zona  Tendino'sa.   The whitish circle around
the  auriculo-ventricular orifice  of  the right  side
ofthe heart.
   ZONE, Cingulum.
   ZONULA  CILIARIS, see Ciliary, and Ciliary
zone—z. Cochleae,  see Lamina spiralis—z.  Hil-
dani, Cingulum Hildani — z. Zinnii, see Ciliary.
   ZOOCHEMIA, Chymistry, animal.
   ZOOCHEMTCAL, Zo'ochym'ical, Zo'dchem'icus
seu Zodchym'icm.  Appertaining or having rela-
tion to animal chymistry.
   ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry, animal.
   ZOOCUYMY,  Chymistry, animal.
   ZOOGENIUM, Azote.
   ZOOG''ENY, Zoogen' ia, Zoogen' eeie, from £u>ov,
 ' animal,' and yevcois, ' generation.' The doctrine
 of animal formation.
   ZOOG'RAPHY,Zoogra'phia,Zogra'phia, from
 faov, ' an animal,' and ypatpi), ' a description.'  A
 description  of animals.  The natural history of
 animals.
   ZOOHEMATINE, Haamatine.
   ZOOHY'LAS,  from  faov,' an animal,' and '11X17,
 'matter.'  Animal  matter.
   ZOOHY'LICA  CONCREMEN'TA.   Concre-
 tions formed of animal matter.
   ZOOIASIS, A^eterinary art.
   ZOOL'OGIST,  Zoologie'ta,   Zool'ogus,  from
 faov, ' an animal,' and \oyos, ' description.'   One
 skilled in the natural  history of animals.
   ZOOL'OGY, Zoblog"ia.   Same etymon.   Tha
 natural history of animals.
   ZOOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
   ZOOMYCUS,  Mucus.
   ZOOMYXA, Mucus.
    ZOON, Animal.
    ZOO'NO'SVI A,Organozoonom'ia,Zoon'omy,Vrom
 faov, ' an animal,' and vopos, ' law.'  The laws
 which govern the organic actions of animals in
 general: —^Animal Phyaiol'ogy, Zoophyaiolog"ia, 
ZOONOSOLOGIA
927
ZYTHUS
  ZOOXOSOLOG"IA,  from faov,  'an animaV
voaos, 'a disease,' and Xoyos, 'description.'  The
nosology of animals.
  ZOOPATHOLOGY, from faov, 'an animal,'
irados, 'a disease,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' The
pathology of animals.
  ZOOPII'AGOUS, Zo'dph'agus, (F.) Zoophage.
from £u>oi/,  ' an animal, and tpayu, ' I eat.'  Feed-
ing on animals.   Carnivorous.
  ZOOPHTHALMUS, HydroAjthalmia.
  ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, PhysS&gy,  animal, Zo-
onomia.
  ZO'OPHYTE, ZoopJi'ytum, Pnytozo'oi^Animal,
plant, from faov, 'an animal,' amlQvrov, Mi plant/
A name given  to 'the lowest class  of animals,
which seem to  form the transition between^the
animal and the vegetable kingdoms.
   ZOOSIS, Animation, Zoagria.
   ZOOSPERMATA, Spermatozoa.
   ZOOSPERMES, Spermatozoa.
   ZOOTHAP'SIS, from far,, 'life,' and Baitrw, 'I
 inter.'  Buria? alive.   Premature interment.
   ZOOT'OMIST, Zootom'icus.  Same etymon as
 the  next.  One  who dissects animals.
   ZOOT'OMY, Zo'dtom'ia, from faov,  ' an animal,'
 and rcixvia, 'I cut.' Theriot'omy, Anatom'ia ani-
 ma'lis seu comparati'va seu compara'ta,.Compar'-
'cttive Anatomy.   The anatomy of animals.  Ani-
 mal anatomy.
   ZOPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
   ZOPYRON,  Fomites.
   ZOSTER, Herpes zostert
   ZOSTERA MARINA, Pila marina —z. Mari-
 tima, Pila nfarina.
   ZOZAR, Saccharum.
   Z U'C A RO„J3aecharum.
   ZUCCARUM, Saccharum.
   ZUCHAR. Saccharum.
   ZUCHARUM, Saccharum.        *
   ZUCHRA, Saccharum.            •
   Zl'LARTUM, Julep.
   ZYGAP\)PHYSES, see Vertebrae.
   ZYGOMA, Mabae os.
   ZYGOMAT'IC,  Zygomat'icus, Jitga'lie, Jugal.
 That which relates to the  zygoma or  cheek-bone.
   Zygomatic Arch, see Zygomatic  process—=-z.
 Bone, Malic os.             '  .      ,       ■
   Zygomatic Fossa is the space includedTbet^een
 the posterior margin ofAthe outer ala ef the pte-
 rygoid process,  and tne  crista which> descends
 from the malar  tuberosity to the superior alveolar
 margin.                             '» •
                                       •
  Zygomatic Muscles are two in number.  1.
Zygomat'icue major, Diatort'or Oria, (F.)  Zyjo-
mato-lctbial  (Ch.),  Muscle  grand  zygomatique,
which is situate obliquely at the fore-part and
sides ofthe face.  It is a small, rounded muscle;
arises from the outer surface of the os nialae, and
is inserted at the commissure of  the lips, which
it raises and draws outwards.  It acts principally
in laughing.  2. Zygomat'icue minor, (F.) Petit
Zygomato-labial (Ch.), Petit  Zygomatique, does
not always exist.  It is situate on the inner side
of the last;  arises from  the outer surface of the
os nialae,  and is inserted at  the corner of the
mouth,  or rather* into the upper lip, which  it
raises and draws outwards.
  Zygomatic Process,  Procee'aue zygomat'icue,
Apoph'yeie  Zygomat'ica,  Malar proceaa,  Jugal
process, arises from the outer  surface of the tem-
poral bone by two roots, one  of which is trans-
verse, (Condyle du temporalMJ^.,) and the other
longitudinal-: between theud^^Hie glenoid cavity.
The process passes iiai'iirT, and#B articulated
with  the  posterior .^^ie  of  the os malae, with
which it forms a-'bony bridge, called*the  Zug^
mat'ic arch, Pare zygomat'icue, Arcue zygomat'-
icue, (F.)  Arcade Zygomatiqu\ -The cavity, be-
neath this bridge, is sometimes called Zygo'ma.^0
   Zygomatic Suture is placed  between the zy-
gomatic parts  of the temporal and cheek bones;
and slants obliquely downwards and backwaxdji.
   ZYGOMATIQUE  GRAND, Zygomaticusfafa-
jor—«z. Petit, Zygomaticus minor.
   ZYGOMATO-LABIAL,  Zygomaticus  major
—z. Labial, petit, Zygomaticus major—z. Maxil-
laire, Masseter—z. Oriculaire, Anterior auris.
   ZYGOPHYL'LUM FXGABO, (F.) Fabagelle.
A Syrian and Mauritanic plant, possessed of an
acrid an d bitter tasts.  It h as vermifuge properties.
 The  Arabs believe thttt the recently expressed
 juice of Zygophyllum aimplex, is capable of re-
moving specks from the cornea.
   ZYMA, Ferment.
   ZYMOMA, Ferment.
   ZYMOSIS, Fermentation, see  Zymotic.
   ftJTMOTTC,  Zymot'icue, from  \vpota, 'to  fer-
ment.'  An epithet proposed for any epidemic,
 endemic,  or contagious  affection.   Zymoais  ia
used to signify such an affection.
   ZYTHOGALA, Posset.
   ZYTHUM, Cerevisia.
   ZYTHUS, Cerevisia.
\
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