MOVEMENT-CIIfiE IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE: A SUMMARY OF ITS PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES AND RESULTS. BY GEO. H. TAYLOR, M. D., Author of An Exposition of the Movement-Cure ; Physician of the Remedial Hy- gienic Institute of the City of New fork. THE MOVEMENT-CURE IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE: A SUMMARY PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES AND RESULTS. BY GEO. H. TAYLOR, M. D., Author of An Exposition ot the Movement-Curo ; Physician of the Remedial Hy. gienio Institute of the City of New Tork. r':'(Ya/L ROBERT LARTER, PRINTER, 610 SIXTH AVE. 1861. THE MOVEMENT-CURE. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. INSUFFICIENCY OF THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. To the careful observer, it must be quite apparent that much has yet to be gained in the field of Medical Practice, before it can boast of approximating in any marked degree toward perfection. The myriads of Chronic Invalids on every hand, though most of them many times "cured," yet remain a silent but bitter confession of the inadequacy of the ordinary means of preventing and healing dis- ease. The very general prevalence of feeble health, instead of excit- ing, seems rather to preclude the needed inquiry as to the fundamen- tal principles on which its enjoyment rests; and it must be conceded, in reference to this, more than to any other subject, does every gene- ration seem to defer to the opinions and copy the errors of its prede- cessor. The cause of such incomplete and unsatisfactory results of Medical Systems and Practice I regard as capable of solution, and not less of correction. It consists largely in the fact, that while medical investi- gation has confined itself almost exclusively to the single purpose of experimenting with drugs, it has either sadly neglected, or foolishly belittled the eminently potent and fitting means included under the head of Hygiene. 4 THE MOVEMENT-CURE To estimate the force and realize the consequences of the fact an- nounced in this statement, it may be necessary to give a hasty glance at the general purposes of these two orders of remedial means. The principles of Hygiene are founded on the truths of Physiology and are sustained and perfected by all the valuable discoveries which mark its modern development. The established formula of medication are but too generally time-honored medical traditions, and as Such require con- stant modifications. The one class of means is commended by Com- mon Sense ; the other represents the equivocal conclusions of a neces- sarily confined experience. It is the function of the one, to respect the laws of vitality, and defer to its inherent powers; the other con- tents itself too much with experimental toying with these laws, as op- erating under the disturbances of disease. While the one strikes at the causes of disorder, uproots the darling vice, and corrects those con- ditions to which the symptoms are due ; the other treats pain as the great enemy, and exerts itself to obliterate or suspend the conscious- ness of it. Hygiene has been acknowledged as merely a feeble "aux- iliary," when it ought to be classed as Chief among the means of cure • and the miserable sufferer has been hopelessly plied with the innumera- ble expedients of medicine, when he really needed only some of the spe- cial and effective adaptations of a systematic Hygiene. Every person who has been long an invalid, feels to the very core of his being, the want of the remedial plan here proposed; and every such one will regard it as covering unoccupied ground, as supplying his most pressing and indispensable needs, and furnishing a most important but hith- erto sadly neglected desideratum in Medical practice. SUFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIC OR VITAL POWER. Whatever be the theory adopted, or the remedies used, the processes by which health is actually regained, are precisely those which origi- nally maintain it, and they are referable, solely, to the vital power. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 5 The health is directly dependent on the primary act of organization, that of constructing or building up, from elemental meterials of the blood, the organs by which function is performed. Now, this primary and necessary act of growth can never proceed without certain Mo- tions occurring in the co-related parts which are the instruments of supply and waste. These motions of solids, semi-solids and fluids, at the same time, and by the same act, eliminate the waste and bring the supply. The identical matters that are brought to the growing parts— oxj'-gen and nutriment are discharged along the same channels, (the capillaries) but in different form. It is at the instant of transformation that the power is manifested. All impediments to the manifestation of power, that is, to health itself, exist at this point, and the state of the health depends on the degree of perfection with which these na- tural and necessary processes, concerned in producing vitalized forms are carried on. It follows that all healing effects must result from perfecting the relation between supply and demand, at the point of vital change, and hence, actually, by regulating the Motion of the matters participating therein. Obviously, then, the wise physician, should consult Nature's meth- od of achieving these results. It is presumptuous to do otherwise. The way in which the "aid" he is so fond of offering "Nature" is to be given, is not indistinctly pointed out, and his legitimate dealings with the living body are restricted within narrow limits. If he would help, he must build as Nature builds, by means of good food convey- ed to the needing parts, by putting those parts to natural use ; if he would eliminate, it must be as Nature eliminates, by using the pure oxygen of the air. The sustenance and its effect must be properly and equally distributed by the aid of Exercise. No physician, be his ed- ucation or judgment what it may, in regard to the selection of methods of interfering with these natural operations, can hence have any other ulterior object, than to secure the domination in every part throughout the system, of the kind and degree of action appropriate to it. In the view of physiology and pathology here advocated, this should be the 6 THE MOVEMENT-CURE direct, instead of being the indirect purpose of the physician's pre- scription. A few considerations will enable us to see how powerful is the spon taneous tendency of the system toward health. Health, under all cir- cumstances, is continued through the conservative power we have been considering. We only question its existence when it is to be re- stored, instead of continued. We forget that continuance and restora- tion, physiologically speaking, are identical actions. But, in the great majority of persons, the health, in spite of opposing circumstances, is tolerably good, so much so, at least, as to excite no alarm. The ten- dency to health has not only to oppose ordinary causes productive of disease, but extraordinary ones also. If we were to estimate the influ- ence of bad air, bad food, bad drink; too little, too much and improper exercise of the different bodily faculties, poisons of various kinds, evil passions and so on, our confidence in tins tendency would greatly in- crease ; and we should be induced to wonder what would the sponta- neous operations of the natural powers of the body not do, if we would but remove the impediments to their action. Evidently then, every organism embodies as an essential element of its nature, a conservative or healing power, which is, under all circum stances, in silent operation, continuing in a more or less perfect man ner its vitality; and neutralizing, more or less completely those causes which are operating to imperil its existence. When relieved, then, of the confusion and obscurity into which various medical partizans have been instrumental in plunging this question, the choice of remedies is essentially resolved into determining what is, and what is not condu- cive to natural, equable, efficient, vital action. It is such action only that is competent to remove from the system, in an effective though si- lent manner, and in unrecognized and innocuous forms, the materi- als of disease. To teach what this action is, is the scope and func- tion of physiology. The idea of a peculiar health-giving quality, with which popular opinion invests drugs, is quite an erroneous one; and even professional notions of their antidotal quality as related to disease, IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 7 are seriously questioned, and thought to lack adequate scientific con- firmation. We have already seen that while entertaining this view, the professional mind seems to remain in the dark as to the power which Nature is exerting, in precisely the same direction in which the healthful effects of remedies are expected. The whole question of disease and remedies, when divested of scien- tific verbiage and reduced to terms of plain common sense, is resolved into a simple matter of nutrition. As perverted nutrition is the essence of all disease, so perfect nutrition is the cause of health; and the proper methods of restoring health are clearly those means that pro- duce the natural interstitial changes of the body, whether chemical, molecular, organic or dynamic,—that transform, without unnecessary friction or waste of power. The reader will not understand me as here putting forth any new proposition in medicine. I have only condensed into as few words as possible, sentiments which have been expressed with far more point and freedom by some of the best and wisest physicians of this age. Volumes might be quoted, if necessary, in corroboration of these views. Nor, indeed, are these statements necessary to establish the propriety of what follows, since it can well rest on its own merits; but it does seem important to establish in the mind of the invalid the feeling of responsibility, of a capacity for self-help, and of trust in the laws which rule in his physical being, and thus to lead to a condition without which a "cure," popularly so called, is of very small account. EXERCISE, IN ITS RELATIONS WITH HEALTH. Popular opinion has always accorded to exercise due credit in a general way, for its beneficial influence upon health. Experience proves that those heterogeneous bodily actions, incident to the common affairs of active life, whether of labor or recreation, effected by the ( co-incident or alternating contraction of opposing muscles, secure, in general, the results to be desired. And it seems to be a wise provision 8 THE MOVEMENT-CURE of our nature, that so important a matter should not be left for the slow discovery of the reason,but that instinct should prompt to action, as in the young and unreasoning; or that it should occur under the stimulus of necessity, as in the need of food and raiment. But when we come to recognize special bodily needs, we discover the want of special adaptations of exercise to meet them. Our gene- ralizations are useless in special instances. We now see the necessity for analyzing the combined elements of which physiology is composed, for the purpose of discovering how its special wants are best subserved. Science now takes the place of empiricisnf, and we discover not only that every movement is a more or less profound expression of physiol- ogy, but that physiology is materially controlled by movements. When the will commands, it is not only that the muscles obey, but a train of interstitial and chemical actions of great importance is in- stituted. If we study the direction and extent of this train, we obtain the desired specific results; otherwise, actions perpetually neutralize each other, and no conspicuous or peculiar beneficial effects are produced. Hence, bodily movements become curative or not, in proportion as we know how to take advantage of the lever which a knowledge of them places in our hands. We might, perhaps, get a clearer view of both the general and the specific value of exercise were we to inquire the effects of its absence. Though not the sole cause of the circulation of the blood, yet it is an indispensable condition. The contracting muscles everywhere impel the blood along its course, and without the aid of the conditions established by exercise the motion of the fluids of the body flags and ceases; there is no demand for nutrition, and the interstitial growth of the system stops; the outlets of the body become choked, and waste matters are not disposed of; affinity of the blood for oxygen declines, and the vital fluid remains unpurified; the stomach no longer digests food, because it is not taken away from that organ; the extremi- ties lose their healthful temperature; the brain becomes oppressed and feeble; the nerves recognise the faulty condition of the svstem, and IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 9 pain is a natural consequence. In this condition vitality plainly loses some portion of its control over the mass of substance of which the system is composed. It follows that the non-vitalized materials which form a prominent part of this mass, are disposed to obey the laws of crude chemistry; and inflammations, congestions, or other dis- turbances of various kinds follow or are perpetuated. The reader will now be able to understand what is the real condition of the system when it is near to an attack of acute disease; as, also, when chronic disease is present. He will also see upon what the removability of disease mainly depends—namely, functional action. The local characteristics, which generally only afford a name for that which exists by virtue of the state of the whole system, are of far less importance than has often been supposed. In fact, the local manifes- tation, whatever that may be, can scarcely meet with cure while the morbid state of the system at large is continued, for the latter alone renders such local manifestation possible. Since then, all functions are intimately associated with movements of the physical organs, it is clear that in them we have the means of controlling disease and restoring health. Hence it appears, that Exercise is by far the most important of the different branches of Hygiene, because it controls the others. It not only determines the amount of food and oxygen required by the sys- tem, but is absolutely necessary in the disposition there made of them. A man may be poisoned under a selected and even restricted dietary if the food taken be not duly disposed of; and we have all seen what dietetic outrages the hard worker may commit, with apparent im- punity, because that which would otherwise prove noxious, is speedily eliminated under the energetic respiration and functional activity secured by exercise. THE MOVEMENT-CURE. But, powerful for the promotion of the above ends as exercise or bodily movements. confessedly are, their beneficial effects for the 10 THE MOVEMENT-CURE invalid have generally been practically unavailable. Their office has been limited to prophylactic, or preventive, rather than cura- tive, ends. The reason is obvious. For movements have been often rendered by the manner of their performance, either mis-directed or exhatistive efforts, which are necessarily followed by the congestion of the parts, and a condition approaching, if it be not absolute disease. And if disease be present, all its symptoms are likely to be aggravated, perhaps to a dangerous extent. Nothing could more thoroughly demonstrate the power of the means under consideration than such evil consequences of ill-advised efforts to carry into practice principles so dimly conceived. And such experience having proved to the invalid that evil as well as good results may follow in some undecided ratio, he is left in a sad perplexity between the unfui filled promises from different medical sources and his untoward experiences. By the Movement-Cure, all this seeming confusion and chaos of prin- ciples and practice, is reduced to perfect order The term Movement- Cure indicates an organized system of special and local movements, based on primary laws of the constitution, and having strict reference to the diseased state. By a movement, is indicated motion, produced in either the fluid or solid elements of the body, or both, whether by means of the vital contraction of muscle, or by external and purely mechanical causes, or by a combination of these. The will power may, or may not, be made available, according to the design, though the term does not indicate the fact of either. But the term movement does embrace the idea of strictly physiological and nutritive changes of matter, caused by motion, received by an organ, region or locality of the body,—it may be at that point to which the action is obviously applied, or in contiguous or even remote portions of the body. It will be seen that the word exercist is entirely inadequate to express what is meant by the term movement. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 11 CONDENSED STATEMENT OF THE METHODS AND OBJECTS OF THE MOVEMENT-CURE PROCESSES. The Movement-Cure processes are carefully prescribed. It is under^ stood by this, that a correct estimate is made of the disease, or what- ever impediment to health there may be; and that to meet and remove this condition a certain kind, number and order of movements are arranged and applied at certain intervals, until a change in the symptoms demand a change in the kind, arrangement and number of the movements applied. It is further held that a different selection and arrangement of movements would prove less beneficial, or perhaps positively injurious. The means of diagnosis are more ample and complete than those employed by physicians practising under other systems, since the operator not only becomes cognizant of the locali- ties of pain, but the amount of functional power is also rendered manifest by the peculiar tests afforded by the treatment. In the operations of the Movement-Cure, the patient is subjected to a literal handling, and elements of disease speedily appear, which otherwise might have long remained undetected. Thus the conjectural state- ments of the patient in regard to his condition, based on his sensations, are reduced to their true value. Besides this, the constant operator, being so much in contact with his patient, and learning to appreciate the value of every change of eye, countenance, color and expression generally, as well as that of tuuch, quality of resistance, and the re-acting powers in all their varieties., necessarily acquires a remarkable tact, surprising to those unfamiliar with the educational means through which it is obtained. This ena- bles him to perceive and apply just those movements that are pecu- liarly fitted to the case, and so the result seldom disappoints the most sanguine anticipations. No doubt unscrupulous charlatans have availed: themselves, to some degree, of this peculiar tact and close observation, to deceive and ruin their victims; but this only proves the importance^ of these advantages when legitimately and scientifically directed. 12 THE MOVEMENT-CURE PASSIVE MOVEMENTS. A certain portion of the movements forming a prescription, are passive. In general, the weaker the patient the greater the por- tion employed of this kind of action. A passive movement is where the patient is the recipient of an action originating in an exterior source and communicated to him. The effect of this kind of move- ment may be described, as causing the weak, relaxed and distended capillary vessels cf the part subjected to action, to contract; the blood- corpuscles and other impediments that may adhere to the inside walls of the vessels to become detached, and consequently to allow the stag- nant contents of these vessels to move along their course, and a supply of fresh blood to flow in. Hence it will be seen, that these actions remove congestion, and are equally applicable to any part of the body, whether internal or external. The immediate apparent effect is to remove pain., soreness, fullness, redness and heat, and to equalize and soothe an irritable part. While active movements are applied at a distance from the severest manifestation of disease, passive ones are, in many cases, applied directly, but with the utmost gentleness, to such parts. The mode and amount of these applications are, however, governed by circumstances. The methods of applying passive move- ments embrace every conceivable form of manual dexterity. The operator himself, in this case, makes the exertion, and whatever effect is produced, is at his expense; while the patient is strongly impressed with a grateful consciousness of support, or help rendered and received, which seems to be diffused throughout his nervous system, affording hope and courage to the mind, and new vigor to all the organic mani- festations. A noted empiric, having adopted the use of a few passive movements, such as clapping, percussing, shaking, etc., has lately won a reputation, and, it is said, a fortune. This is due to their effect of immediately causing real pain to subside; and, when skillfully applied, in alleviating soreness, swealing, and other, even severe, evidences of disease. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 13 ACTIVE MOVEMENTS Are those in which the patient is required to do something. Their peculiar curative effects are obtained by means of the qualities con- ferred upon the movement by localization; by the resistance or obsta- cles to the effort or action : and by the time in which it is performed. By Localization, is meant the confinement of the action to a particular region or perhaps organ of the body, while the remainder :s at rest. By this means, the acting part is made to receive whatever nervous and nutritive supply the action demands. The action itself tends to focalize, at a particular point, the available forces and materials of the system. It is a means of powerful control over the circulation of the blood, sending it, in increased amount toward the indicated point. Either of two important objects may be gained by the same action; it may supply the requirement of the part for more nutrition; or contiguous organs, suffering from congestion, may be relieved by sending the surplus away. Movements are generally so contrived as to secure both of these purposes. By means of Resistance to the action of a muscle, the effect of localization is greatly heightened; it causes a great (if necessary, the utmost) energy of the will to be thrown upon a particular point in the organism, and so all the nutritive changes at that point are neces- sarily greatly increased. In duplicated movements,* this resistance is supplied by the hand of the operator; and. as the effort or action is caused by and depends on the resistance, so it also appears that the quality of the power thus evoked depends greatly upon the quality of the resistance afforded. This is radically different from overcoming an inanimate obstacle. It is a wrestle instead of a dead lift. There is vital encouragement instead of * Duplicated Movements, are such as require one or more assistants or operators for their performance. Single movements are performed by the patient himself. The former are almost unlimited in scope, variety and adaptation; the latter are very limited in all these particulars, and are useful only for persons whose health 1b not seriously impaired. 14 THE MOVEMENT-CURE a depressing sense of inefficiency. The mode of resistance incites the production of adequate power, for it begins feebly, so as to be en rap- port with the patient, but gradually increases as the movement advan- ces, until it approximates, but does not quite equal the power of the acting muscle, and then gradually declines until it ceases. The patient is gratified and encouraged to find, that a well-managed resistance evokes action at points where it was otherwise impossible, and that his capa- city therefor, surely and constantly increases. The powers of the system are aroused and directed, but never exhausted. The patient is never allowed to feel that he has not adequate resources, but on the contrary is constantly made to be surprised at the gradual expansion of his powers. But much of the success of the treatment depends on the tact previously spoken of. Few operators acquire it; many seem unaole to obtain it. The peculiar modes of reaching and touching the interior animating principle of the invalid, hardly admit of descrip- tion. But the reader may conceive that certain distinct impressions may be made, securing corresponding responses, by various degrees and kinds of resistance—rapid, slow or irregular, at the beginning, middle or ending, of the movement—by tremulousness, or any of the peculiar qualities by which musical sounds are designated. The human system may indeed be compared to a musical instrument, which read ily yields harmonious sounds to the magic touch of the skillful opera tor, but which loses its qualities when imperfectly handled. The results of the movements are recorded in the primary organizing acts, and become apparent in the manifestations of force. These results are at first feeble, but are increased by the everyday's opera- tions, giving the invalid, day by day, a greater and higher control over himself, till it mounts to the highest health of which he is capable, The Time, or rhythm, with which a movement is performed is, if active, slower than ordinary exercise; generally, much slower, but this is somewhat modified by the age of the patient: thus the young per- mit quicker movements than are allowable for persons more advanced in years. The reasons for slowness of movements are these. In a IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 15 common exercise, and in gymnastic exercise, but comparatively few of the fibrils or ultimate elements of the muscles, participate in the contraction. If the time is prolonged, all the elements engage; that is, the whole bulk and substance of the muscle contracts, and the advantage is proportionately greater. Experience also proves that the nervous resources are husbanded in proportion as the effort is mode- rate, though it be greatly prolonged. It is evident that in common exercise the whole system would be rapidly exhausted if all the fibrils of muscles were engaged in action; but when, as in the opera- tion of the Movement-Cure, the action is local, the system can well afford its contributions to the local part, without danger to its resour- ces, and consequently without fatigue, even though all the local ele- ments engage. It may also be mentioned, that time is requisite for the system to summon its energy and transmit it to the acting point. Besides, the distinction of quality in the resistance becomes more appreciable in proportion as the time for its development is prolonged. Perhaps the most important circumstance determining the effect of a movement, is the position in which it is applied. A prescribed po- sition is, in fact, a movement, since it necessitates the continued action of certain muscles to sustain it; putting, therefore, the whole body into positive and definite relations with the acting part. But, besides the effects of contraction of muscle required by position, there is another circumstance, not present in ordinary movements, which may be made available as a most important auxiliary to the effects hereto- fore explained. Reference is now made to the effect of gravitation of the contents of the blood-vessels upon the vessels themselves, upon the organs to which they are distributed, and upon the system at large. When this pressure is increased by the position of a member of the body, the walls of the vessels contract against the pressure, and all its elements take on renewed activity. This is another instance of resistance provoking action. By taking advantage of the almost infi- nite variety of postures of which the body is susceptible, a corres- ponding variety of effect is produced. Thus, a person may take either 16 THE MOVEMENT-CURE a standing, sitting, lying or hanging position, and in each instance not only the gravitation of the blood in the vessels, but the action of the muscles caused by sustaining the weight of the body are changed. But the effect of each of the above positions may be further modified by causing the trunk to fall, curve and twist, in any possible direc- tion and degree. Still further, the arms and legs, either or all, may be brought into any position which the conformation of the joints will allow, limited only by the limits of muscular action. This would still further control the nutritive operations of the body. These effects are secured by position alone. Now, a movement always implies a position, as above described, and in addition to that, the action of some localized muscle, or combination of muscles of a part already either expanded or contracted by the necessities of the position. It is plain that this combination of causes, each acting as auxiliary to the other, secures in a high degree, the greatest possible effect derivable from combined physical and physiological causes. It becomes manifest from the above detail, that movements produce their effects by simply supporting the vital motions of the body, at any point, or all points, wherever these suffer. They convert pathological action into physiological operation. They aid in the preparation and disposition of the plastic elements of the body, anterior to their as- suming vitality, while thus endowed, and after such matter has lost its vital endowment. It will also be perceived that the effect is to destroy the proximate elements of disease, in preference to subduing its symptoms; while the latter effect is often the ultimate reach of the common methods of practice. GENERAL EFFECTS OF MOVEMENTS. Invalids proposing to employ the Movement-Cure, will be interested to learn what will be their probable experience, and what results they may expect. In the first place, they should be advised that its appli- cation is not essentially a muscle-making process, but a co-ordinating IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 17 and harmonizing one. The new actions that are superinduced imply a new disposition made of nutrition and of the nervous force. There are consequently, direct effects, and remote ones, dependent on these actions. The direct effects of a single application of a prescription, are note- worthy. There comes a pleasant glow of warmth over the parts most operated on, which generally extends over the whole body; the hands and feet become warm; whatever pain may have existed disappears, or is, at least, quieted; the pulse falls, sometimes as much as ten, fif- teen, or even more beats per minute; the respiration becomes calmer and more profound; and there is a great disposition to quietude and rest, which should be encouraged. The patient throws himself upon a couch and generally goes to sleep, if he allows himself to do so, and rises refreshed, and with a feeling of renewed vigor. As the treatment progresses, the sensations experienced will vary with temperament, nature of disease, kind of prescription, and its usual occasional modifications. In some, there is an apparent aggrava- tion of the affection. These symptoms are temporary at most, but generally require the prescription to be modified. Sometimes there is no seeming improvement for five or six weeks, when the patient becomes suddenly conscious of a change in the pulse, skin, increase of the circumference of chest, of the motions of its walls, etc., the assu- rances of returning health. A certain portion of patients, in from one to three weeks from be- ginning regular daily treatment, become affected with headache, furred tongue, and feverishness. These symptoms are not generally very severe, though occasionally they confine the patient for two or three days to the house. Even vomiting and diarrhoea may occur at these times, without other apparent cause than the disturbance produced by the treatment. Bronchial catarrh is an occasional symptom, and so are eruptions of the skin. In one instance, the treatment was suspended altogether, in consequence of an intolerable eruption which made its 18 THE MOVEMENT-CUEE appearance, whenever the treatment was resumed. These critical symptoms may be avoided by sufficient moderation; but, to some, they afford encouragement in the conviction which such patients might otherwise be disposed to resist, that a beneficial change is occurring in the physiological system. The most rational cause for the occurrence of these symptoms, ap- pears to me to be the greatly increased action of the venous absorption, which is induced throughout the system by the movements. It has been seen that most of the operations contribute to remove the ob- structions of the capillaries and increase the flow of fluid therein—the very condition which induces an inward current from without their walls. The fact of the production of muscular and nervous waste, implies this; but the energetic manner in which it is now accom- plished, carries along a large amount of non-vital material which was previously lodged in the system, pervading the inter-muscular juices. This being suddenly called into the blood, nearly poisons it for the time, and the vital powers are thereby called upon to assume renewed eliminatory action, thus occasioning the disturbance. It is to be understood that these crises are not desired, and that the gradual and natural resumption of the due relations of elimination and supply should occur unobservedly as they do in perfect health. They do not occur in the great majority of well treated cases; but they have their use, chiefly in a moral point of view, being a slight deference to the long-cherished popular notion in regard to the im- portance of such symptoms, as evinced by the effort to secure them in some form by the operation of drugs. CHANGE IN SHAPE OF BONES. These changes of substance in the body are by no means confined to the soft parts, but extend to the bones as well. r The change in the shape of the spinal column, the deformed chest, etc., will be treated spe- cifically further on; but I will introduce here the following evidence of the ehangability of the bones. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 19 The late Prof. Rezius, of Stockholm, Sweden, the celebrated Eth- nologist, in showing me his extensive osteological collection, pointed out several interesting abnormalities of bony structure, in connection with the history of the persons to whom they belonged. One speci- men was from a beggar, who feigned lameness in the right leg from his boyhood. A slight rheumatism afforded the original suggestion, and he spent the rest of his life in receiving alms at the end of a bridge in the city. The result was, that not only the leg but the pelvic bones of that side were of diminished size; the thigh bone measuring an inch in circumference, and the leg an inch and half in length less than the unfavored one. Another was from a prisoner, confined for some capital offence, by one leg heavily*%oned, who after five years escaped, and was found frozen. The bone of "the unused limb was undimin- ished in size, but as light, apparently, as a piece of pine wood of the same size. A curious skeleton was that of an old lady, whose sole occupation during the last years of life, being in the alms-house, was that of constant knitting. The shape of the bones corresponded with the prolonged position. The back was bent to an oval; the sacrum was horizontal, and its extremity was but ten inches from the top of the sternum, and the transverse diameter of the chest, at the lower portion where the elbows naturally pressed, was but five inches, the anterio-posterior diameter being nearly twice as great. The verte- brae of a carpenter were not only harder, but heavier, while those of a tailor were more spongy and lighter than the average; the one c-lirries burthens while the other rests upon his elbows. Numerous — other specimens illustrated to the fullest extent the beauties of tight lacing, and the conformation of the consumptive—the chest- circumference of these latter being, in several instances which I took pains to measure, two or three inches less than others of corresponding height and size. The habitual movement of breathing, where this is faulty, is also changed by movements. In most invalids, the breathing motions are 20 THE MOVEMENT-CURE nearly limited to the superior portion of the body. It is almost always a distinct purpose of treatment, to regain the natural oscil- latory motion of the stomach and bowels, so indispensable to their health. The temperature, and especially the sensation imparted by the skin on being touched is very much changed. This organ becomes cool, velvety and elastic, instead of maintaining the previous hot or cold, but dry and hard condition of surface. It receives more blood, breathes more, and is more vital. The treatment, or rather some of the move- ments which send a rush of blood to the skin, has been called by ladies a beautifying process, suggested by the fact above specified. There is confessedly nothing so improving to*the personal appearance, as a res- toration to health. The carriage is more easy and noble, and more consideration is involuntarily paid to persons in the full possession of all their powers. From what has been said of the effects of movements, it is evident that they must be highly curative, because they bring into requisition the whole of the healing power of the body, upon which alone the cure really depends. It is also evident that movements furnish a remedy, applicable in every stage of disease. None are so weak but that some of the infinite modifications of these applications are available. Con- finement to the bed or to the recumbent position is no obstacle, neither is want of power for voluntary exertion, since the treatment is kindly adapted to all such cases. THE ROOM, APPARATUS, AND MODE OF OPERATION. The room for the application of treatment should be on the first floor, for the better accommodation of persons too feeble to mount stairs. It should be of good size, to allow of freedom in walking about, with high ceiling, and windows opening at opposite sides, to insure abundance of air. It is necessary that a dressing-room be attached. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 21 The apparatus, or furniture of the original Swedish Institute, is simple in the extreme, but as the treatment has become extended to other lands, the conveniences for applying it have increased. As essential articles, the following may be enumerated: Several couches, about fifteen inches high, covered with rept or enamelled cloth, and well stuffed with hair, so constructed that one end may be let down, and the other elevated to serve as the back of a reclining-chair, and instantly changable, so that a person may sit, recline or lie upon them. Cushioned benches, elevated about three and half feet, narrow enough to sit astride, with places for fixing the feet adapted to the height of different persons, and to lie upon; posts, with pins passing through, projecting on either side for handles at different heights, from floor to ceiling; padded horizontal bars, to support the body at different heights; round bars for grasping, which may be placed at different heights, horizontally; also, perpendicular poles, at various distances apart; instruments for bending the body at any point; for pressure upon any desired region of the body; for raising either shoulder; for expanding either side of the chest, and to fix the body at any point, while a passive movement is applied; an instrument for clasping and fixing any portion of the body, while in the standing posture or in the sitting posture; one for applying local passive action to any of the members. Also, apparatus for slow bend-and-twisting the body in all positions, for spinal curvature. The above apparatus is necessary for the purpose of maintaining the desired position while the movement is applied to the prescribed region in the prescribed manner, by the operator. Dress.—In all cases ladies relieve themselves of hoop-skirts, and of all pressure of clothing upon the waist or other portions of the body. Some present themselves in loose wrappers, while the greater number supply themselves with short dresses with pants, generally made of plain colored flannel, neatly trimmed with braid, or such plain trim- ming as fancy may dictate. Happily, in the case of gentlemen, the common mode of dress is the most suitable. 22 THE MOVEMENT-CURE Method of Application.—After the diagnosis is settled, each pa- tient receives a prescription, indicating what movements he is to receive, and how they are to be applied. To obviate a troublesome amount of writing, as well as to bring the whole direction so imme- diately under the eye that it can be instantly read, the prescription is written with abbreviations and signs. The patient keeps this in sight till he gets through it. When ready for a movement, the patient selects the assistant he wishes to apply it, who is expected to observe the precise order of movements indicated, and to apply no other, without permission from the physician in charge. The movement is slowly applied by the aid of one, two or more assistants, as there may be need. During the operation, the patient is requested not to en- gage in unnecessary conversation, for in case of weakly people the movement is sure to falter, and perhaps stop, should the patient even speak. This shows that the performance of any act is at the expense of the general system; and also indicates the conditions necessary to be observed in order to obtain a health-giving command of the system, or of its parts. The movement is gently repeated three or four times— more if there has been an inaccuracy on the part of the patient. If it be passive, or a quick movement, there is an indefinite number of repetitions. The efficacy of an active movement seems to be impaired or lost by repeating it many times, because then it begins to induce exhaustion instead of causing an accumulation of vigor. After the movement, the patient, if feeble, sits or reclines; if able, he walks about, or engages in conversation with companions. The lapse of several minutes is required for the train of actions induced by a movement to become completed. If the next move- ment is applied too soon, this train is diverted into other channels, and the special effect is diminished; and if the patient or operator, or both, are inattentive, the movement degenerates into a mere common exercise. If, in addition to hurry and carelessness, the movements are badly selected, and the special conditions of the patient impcrfoct- IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 23 ly appreciated by the physician, the patient might nearly as well amuse himself some other way. Immediately after retiring from the Movement-room, the patient is expected to lie upon a couch for half an hour or more, till the changes induced by the operations have been fully completed. During this period sleep is almost irresistible, and the patient is encouraged to indulge in it. Movements are generally applied to parties of several persons at the same time, each of them taking his turn, but without particular regard to regularity. They are applied once a day, but those who are at hand may have a few supplementary ones, generally at night. If a patient be too weak to walk, he is carried to the Movement-room, in preference to receiving treatment in his own room; but may receive treatment in his room, if his disease precludes his removal from it. The social element which reigns in the movement-room is a highly valuable adjuvant of the treatment. This I have remarked in the foreign institutions, as well as in my own. All are anxious to repre- sent to others, and especially to new comers, their evidences of im- provemeut, and to strengthen each other's hope; and an almost irre- sistible influence for good is thus exerted on the desponding. This is in striking contrast with the discontented and complaining tone of feeling that is apt to prevail in those hygienic establishments where movements are either not used, or so used as to degenerate into mere gymnastics. Prescribing.—The 'physician practicing the Movement-Cure, has constant exercise on the living subject, in anatomy and physiology. By practical observation he acquires great familiarity with the system. and he comes to see, mentally, the natural working of every structure. He also instinctively connects with certain symptoms and appearances corresponding kinds and degrees of changed action. He goes still fur- ther in his study of the living body, and endeavors to extend, grad- ually, gently, but positively, the actions of physiology, through all the appropriate channels, net only to the very boundaries of, "b*ut even ^ THE MOVEMENT-CUIti: within the affected or diseased region. lie finds by experiment, that this object is best accomplished in different classes of cases, and in different individuals, by very different modes of operating; and ho ultimately forms a judgment, and instinctively adopts rules applicable to these different classes; and even applies distinctive methods to dif- ferent individuals. Thus, in one class, containing perhaps a majority the return of vigor is best evoked by addressing first the respiratory function, and by peculiar management increasing its action, effectively and safely. Another class is best treated by impressing first the lower extremities and gradually gaining the trunk. Another, will require the powers of the body to be worked outward by addressing first the proximate and afterward the remote parts of all the extremities. For some, it is important to counteract apparent congestion of the spinal cord; and for yet others, a few gentle touches, or strokes along some prominent nerve connected with the diseased region, exercises an almost magical influence upon the feelings, and through them, upon the actual pathological condition. It is also specially necessary that the feelings of the patient, not only be not wounded, but that they be pleased and gratified. It is not only possible, but desirable and important, to turn the emotions of the invalid, as well as his will, to the account of his health. And when this is successful, as in most cases it is, this class of mental powers exercises a more powerful and certainly higher influence in the control and correction of disease, than all other influences com- bined. There can scarcely be a doubt but that the contact of the patient with the energetic and controlling operator, and their tacit unity of effort for the execution of a single and highly desirable pur- pose, are powerful conditions, tending to successful results. AUXILIARY HYGIENE. As the Movement-Cure consists essentially in an effective adaptation of what is universally recognized as a particular branch of Hygiene, IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 25 it follows that all the other branches are its natural allies ana sup' ports. Those who would receive the most effective and satisfactory treatment, should not think of dispensing with special regulations in regard to this matter. Indeed, the very fact of illness may, in the great majority of cases, be considered as a clear confession of having entertained faulty practices in regard to general hygienic habits. Perfection in one branch should by no means form an excuse for neg- lect of others. Even though the undeniable fact be insisted on, that this branch does the work of the others, yet its curative efficacy must be, to some extent, compromised by forcing it to assume such a disad- vantage. Thus movements, by sending the blood to the surface and extremities, contracting the tissues, opening the pores, etc., secures the object of bathing, yet it is undeniably better to solicit the aid of the latter resource, to the extent of its legitimate functions. As respects diet, the treatment often causes a spontaneous change in the notions and habits of the invalid. It purifies the secretions, and re- moves the congestion and nervous irritability of the stomach, as hereaf- ter explained, and therefore corrects the morbid appetite, and restores a healthy relation between alimentation and assimilation. The curious phenomenon is of not unusual occurrence, of decrease of what was supposed to be appetite with the increase of health. Invalids who have considerable flesh are apt to meet with this experience. It is probably explained by the fact of large returns to the circulation of useless matter deposited in the system, of no vital account, to be again subjected to the vital crucible. Lean, dyspeptic people, on the contrary, sometimes find themselves al>le to partake of food in quan- tities which would previously have alarmed them. This is obviously in consequence of increase of assimilation throughout the system, induced by the treatment. These facts should be regarded as showing the wonderful superiority and power of the Movement-Cure, and not as affording any excuse for improper dietetic or other hygienic habits. Indeed, most invalids 26 THE MOVEMENT-CUEE that are worth the effort for restoration, will willingly assent to the importance of availing themselves of all means that are truly hygienic. and will never be convinced of any danger of rendering the prepon^ derance of healthful influences over disease, too great. COMPARISON OF MOVEMENTS WITH OTHER EXERCISES, SUCH AS GYMNASTICS, CALISTHENICS, ETC. For the benefit of such as do not readily apprehend the distinction between Movements, and other modes of employing exercise, the following brief comparison is made, at the risk of perhaps repeating what may be elsewhere in substance, stated. Movements are designed for the sick,—Exercise for the well. Move- ments are prescribed in accordance with Pathological indications,— Exercises are governed by caprice or chance. Movements are the phy- sician's directions,—Exercises, the druggist's shop. Movements are hom- ogeneous,—Exercises, heterogeneous. Movements are so collated as to support each other in the production of designed, special effects,—. Exercises are desultory, and are incompatible with such ends. Move- ments have a prescribed manner, and break up old habits,—Exercises have a habitual manner. Mo cements are confined to designated parts of the body, or are localized,—Exercises allow all portions to engage. Movements require intervals to husband their effects,—Exercises, neg- lecting this, prodigally waste the power. Movements lessen the fre- quency of the pulse,—Exercises increase the frequency of the pulse. Movements are careful to secure, for the time, a preponderance of assimilation in the system,—Exercises are liable to cause unnecessary disintegration or destruction of organized matter. Movements increase the arteriality of the blood,—Exercises, if violent, increase the venousity of the blood. Movements, for the feeble, are performed by the aid of of an auxiliary power,—Exercises are the visible results of exertion. Movements accumulate nervous force,—Exercises, in general, are liable to exhaust nervous force. THE PRINCIPLES > OF THE MOVEMENT-CURE, ILLUSTRATED BY REFERENCE TO CASES. It is no part of the present design to attempt to win the reader's favor by the very common plan of bringing a formidable array of cases presumed to be evidences of the merit of the treatment. It is the object, rather, to represent to the intelligent reader, so for as the pre- sent prescribed limits will allow, the entire reasonableness of the pecu- liar method of medical treatment here advocated; that it is founded in the first principles of physiological science, challenging the criti- cism and the support of all medical men, of whatever school; that it is entirely practicable; that while it is eminently efficacious in all common cases of chronic disease, it is also effectual in many cases which are otherwise confessedly beyond the reach of medical means. It is quite wrong to infer, as many have done, that the Movement-Cure is useful only for " hard cases." The fact which is now pretty extensively conceded, that it is of any value in these, ought to prove to the reasonable mind, that it is of still greater value in ordinary cases. The object, then, in citing particular cases of suc- cess, is to bring the principles involved, and the necessary consequen- ces of these operations more directly to the attention of the inquirer and not to imply the promise that every similar case, without refer- ence to constitution, habits of body or mind, or moral deserts, will infallibly meet with equal success. 28 THE MOVEMENT-CURE The reader will understand that any attempt at description of the methods of treatment would quite transcend the limits of the present work; if, indeed, that were possible by writing. A few cuts are intro- duced, as the readiest way of affording general suggestions in regard to the processes. DISEASES OF DIGESTION. The dyspeptic invalid refers his disorders chiefly to his stomach, and is apt to confine his curative applications mainly to that organ. But, if we consider the actual state of the system at large, we shall find that the stomach disorder is but one among many evidences of ill-health; and we are often at a loss to determine whether the indi- gestion is caused by, or is the cause of the general ill-health under which the system suffers. However this may be, the futility of treat- ing the stomach alone, by plying it with special applications of any kind, is rendered sufficiently obvious by experience. To illustrate the pathology of this disease, and the rationale of the " Movement-Cure," when applied as the remedy, we may refer to an actual case, having all the usual symptoms in a high degree of intensity. Case I.—Mrs. T., a young married lady of this city, was recom- mended to take the "movement" treatment by her old physician, a man of eminence in his profession. Her mother had died of con- sumption in her early infancy. She was thin and slightly built, with very narrow chest; of a highly emotional temperament, and very feeble muscular development, though she was inclined to use her thin muscles to excess, as is often the case with persons of her temperament. She had been treated through several years of great suffering, with no other than palliative results, for symptoms like these: Excessive sensitiveness of the stomach, generally great pain after eating, palliated habitually by wine or bittere; a constant sense of hunger; by turns, violent palpitation of the heart, her really most annoying and distressing symptom. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 29 As is usual in these cases, the Lands and feet were habitually cold; the skin bloodless; the complexion dusky and wan; the respiratory motions, confined chiefly to the upper portions of the chest, were necessarily ineffective. She was incapable of continued exertion of any kind. The reflective reader will observe that here are two classes of symptoms exactly complemental to each other. Thus, the paucity of blood in the skin and the extremities is connected with congestion of the internal organs, especially the stomach and its appendages; shrunken capillaries of the external parts, with dilated vessels of in- ternal parts; cold hands and feet, with insufficient respiration; excess of nerve-action, sensitiveness and pain, with defective muscular action; morbid quality of the secretions, with insufficient reduction by oxygen of the waste of the system, consequent on the restricted motions of the chest-walls; prolonged retention of aliment in the stomach, with insufficient action and demand in the exterior parts ; morbid appetite, with residual food in the stomach, causing local irritation, and the morbid and painful manifestation of the emotional nature, with the partial closure of the common channels of force. What has the administration of any drug whatever to do with rectifying such a condition ? Plainly, the stomach, with the morbid secretions, residual food, excessive development of nerve power, &c, is already overburthened and abused; and the dictate of reason and science would seem to be, to relieve it of the severe embarrassments under which it evidently labors. For this purpose movements are admirably fitted. Both active and passive movements were applied to the extremities; movements were cautiously given to act upon the liver, and to promote the respiratory function; and they were made to succeed each other in proper order, number and combination. At first only temporary and undecided relief was experienced. But these, at first moderate effects, are sure to accumulate by the repeated and regular applications, till they become conspicuous and convincing. There is seldom any lack of perseverance after the first two or three weeks. 30 THE MOVEMENT-CURE In this case nearly six weeks had elapsed before the evidences of improvement had become indubitable. At this time the chest had increased one inch in its cir- cumference, and the hands and feet had become habitually warm, and the pain- ful sensations of the stomach began to meet with relief. More color came to the skin, and the eye began to sparkle, indicative of returning vigor and health. She gave up drugs from the first, which served to increase the nervous irrita- bility, but the accumulating evidences of increase of power gradually overcame this symptom. The spells of palpitation* became less noticeable, and then ceased; and in about three and a half months she stopped coming to the institute, having renewed health, and the assur ance of possessing the substantial basis for its continuance. The measure of the chest had increased two and a half inches. During the first portion of the treatment patients arc requested to partake of onlj^a moderate amount of plain food, using but little meat, at most but once a day, and to eschew all sweets and artificial beverages. E Fig:. | — Bending and stretch- ing the foot—increasing the heat, and the amount of blood in the ex- tremities, and lessening it in the ut>- per portion of the body. * I was informed by Prof. Satherburg, (of Stockholm, Sweden) that a largo number of those presenting themselves at his institute for treatment, had had their complaints diagnosed heart-disease, and that nearly all recovered. If these symptoms, so alarm- ing to the patient, depend on the irregular circulation, excitable nerves, and the flatu- lent stomach of dyspepsia, there is excellent reason why they should disappear by a treatment so eminently adapted to this complaint. But if heart-disease really existed, Prof. 8. rightly contended there can be no more judicious or appropriate treatment for its remedy than this, which carefully but surely removes the excess of blood from the weakened organ to the extremities, and thus allows the heart the best conditions for recovery. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. SI In the different cas«s of this affection, there are found a great variety of differ- ing symptoms, each calling for modifi- cations of the treatment, to adjust it to the emergency; but the cure in all cases, depends on the same general causes. Thus, in one case, there may be excessive flatulence; in another, heart-burn, evincing spontaneous acid fermentation in the stomach; in a third, eructations; in a fourth, a thickly fur- Pig. 2.— Twist-shaking op the red tongue; a fifth will have bad taste Trunk—passive—Conveying to the . ,, ,, . ,-, , ., surface a large amount of blood, and in the mouth; a sixth, soreness at the . ... . „„ 0, .,„„ ' ' increasing the temperature and rune- pit of the stomach, not bearing pres- tion of the skin. sure; a seventh, will have ringing or other annoying sounds in the ears, and so on, almost without limit; while a majority complain of several of these, besides loss of strength. Now, it is evident to the reflecting mind, that the same cause, and nearly the same absolute condition, which has been to some extent depicted above, exists in every case. But if the system be made to receive a single ounce of oxygen daily more than its wont, it is plain that all the symptoms would be mitigated; the secretions would be partially or completely purified, because the dead substance, which in all cases of disease per- vades the system in excess of its toleration, would be destroyed— reduced to innoxious carbonic acid, water and urea, and find, in this state, certain and easy egress from the system. So, too, if the excess of blood held by the relaxed and distended vessels of the interior of the body, be pressed forward to the membranes, glands and skin, which so much require it, a raaical change in the direction of health is at once effected. Similar reasoning is applicable to the distri- bution of nervous force, and, indeed, all of the physiological ope- rations. 32 THE MOVEMENT-CURE The reader will perceive that the symptoms connected with dyspepsia, > are more or less associated with diseases bearing other names. This indicates a similarity of origin, and that similar means are required for effective remov- al. There being a fault in nutrition and assimilation in all, shows that those hygienic conditions which best control these, are required in all. In every case, the kind and quality of the applications are dexterously adapted to the strength as well as the disease of the patient, and are changed as these change. This being understood, we may be allowed to omit, without much detriment to the Fig. 3.-Arm Backward Press- reader's understanding, the something ing—active—Turning out the ribs; of general detail, which has been entered strengthening and expanding each ,, , . Bide of the chest in succession. uP0n in the PreSent instance. CONSTIPATION. Case II.—Mr. S-, a retired merchant, over, fifty years old, had been troubled with severe constipation for over a dozen years. During the first portion of this period, he was in the habitual use of aperient drugs, but the symptoms rather increasing, he became convinced not only of their uselessness but their prejudicial effects, and resorted to enemas as a substitute. To this means of daily relief he was a constant slave, for scarcely once a year did his bowels act effectually, except under compulsion. Later, other symptoms appeared, more threatening in their aspect, especially a troublesome pain and feeling of weight in the region of the heart, and he became seriously appre- hensive of the consequences. All this induced a desponding state of mind, conflicting strongly with the success of the efforts toward resto- ration. He became sallow, shrunken, flabby in muscle, nervous and very weak, especially about the loins and lower portion of the body. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. muscles and nerves of natura» peristalic motion. the abdomen and alimentary canal. Hence, movements must be so selected that the effects of their action shall converge at the abdominal region, so as to raise the nerves to their normal standard of excitation, and the muscles to their normal vigor of contraction, and that both elements be sustained by due nutrition. In many cases there is, also, undoubted congestion ot the mucous membrane, which needs to be removed before the secretions of the alimentary tube can become natural and healthy. In the accomplishment of these ends, it is absolutely necessary to restore those natural movements of the digestive organs, dependent on respiration. The reader will recollect that these organs are located between the diaphragm on the superior side, and the muscles of the abdomen on the inferior, and that every inhalation and exhalation, causes a considerable oscillatory motion of the whole mass. In consti- pation, the extent of this motion is much lessened, generally from prolonged sedentary, and other un-hygienic habits. Hence, it is indispensable to a thorough and complete cure of this complaint, that the muscles concerned should be strengthened, that these natural and involuntary but very essential motions, may be restored. As concomitant of inefficient. respiration, and depending chiefly on it, is a congested state and sluggish action of the liver, which nearly always exists in these cases. It devolves on this organ to complete 34 THE MOVEMENT-CURE what is ineffectually performed by the lungs— the purification of the blood. There is gene- rally much feeling of heaviness, and some- times much tenderness in the vicinity of the liver, requiring particular attention; though it is sure to be relieved as soon as the respi- ration becomes effective. Movements are eminently adapted to se- cure the above several objects, complete- ly and readily, and to lead the patient, long bewildered by the supposed mysteries of pills and powders,—to wonder how any other way of restoration ever came to be thought of. In the present instance, the results of treat- ment, though somewhat tardy, were every- Fig. 4. -Clapping the waF fortunate. Power was gained in every siDEs-Sending a rapid sue- part, in proportion as it was directed thither cession of vibratory waves through the body, affecting by tlie combined efforts of patient and phy. the superior digestive organs sician. Nutrition, sent by movements to the and appendages. regions and among the tissues in which it was required, fulfilled its duty of strengthening muscle, energizing nerve, and providing secretion. As a free circulation of the blood became established in the extrem- ities and among the tissues of the body, the troublesome symptoms connected with the heart subsided. He thenceforward acquired im- proved spirits, and more courage and confidence. In about six weeks his strength had so far improved as to allow his bowels to perform their natural office, and has since maintained the command of the function in question, except rarely, when transiently ill from other causes. He has since reported himself frequently, and continues well. IN EVfiftY CHRONie DISEASE, 05 The invalid reader will be gratified to learn that the gu?§s 6totaifle.fi in this method are permanent; for it is sought in not only securing actionof the bowels, but in removing the cause of inaction. DISORDERED NERVES. Closely allied with impaired digestion in history and general symp- toms, is that feeble state of the body accompanied by distress- ing nervous sensitiveness and excitability. This phase of disease does not seem to relate so much to the digestive organs themselves— though these are more or less implicated — as to the assimilative function. A wrong disposition is made of nutrition. It seems to support one class of powers, to the serious detriment of all the others. Cases of this kind, passing under various names, are numerous in our existing social system, and very many present themselves for treatment. To illustrate still further the value, and indeed, the entire relevancy as well as efficacy of the Movement-Cure, I cite the follow- ing: Case III.—Mrs. W., aged about twenty, was induced by a friend, who had also been a patient, to come to me for medical aid. For the previous fifteen mouths she had been confined to the house, and dur- ing much of the time, to her bed. She had been in a feeble condition for some time previous. She was brought to the institute on a bed. She had very cold and very moist feet and hands; was very poor in flesh; very weak, with little appetite ; constipated ; suffered conside- rable pain in the back, which presented marks of severe scarification; excessive nervous excitability, breaking out in tears with the least shadow of a cause; and she had almost entirely lost confidence in her own powers. There were also indications of scrofula. The cause of this state of things is to be found in part, in too little physical training, in a constitution for which it was very necessary, and in part, in too much intellectual and social cultivation. The neces- sary results of such faulty nurture are plainly these : there can be no O" THE MOVEMENT-CURE vigor of digestion and nutrition, because of the slight demand made in the body for its results ; respiration is feeble, and the chest becomes narrow, because exertion of the physical voluntary powers is always necessary to give depth and force to this function and suitable development to the chest. Some form of scrofula is an almost ne- cessary consequence, unless prevented by an excellent constitution originally. Add to these facts the important circumstance that the emotional nature was under constant exercise, with study, light read- ing, and exciting social relations, due. not to design, but to our faulty civilization, and the disorder is rationally and abundantly accounted for. The little nutrition which the combined physiological operations could command, was expended in supplying the demand made by brain and nerve; the necessities of the organism at large were quite unsupplied, and the functions, of course, languished. To use a truth- ful and more direct expression applicable in these cases, the system is starved. And this in a hopeless way, for it is not more food that is directly needed,—food could not be digested, because of the general lack of organic action and of respiration; and food in the absence of active demand for it, is soon changed to poison by its own spontan- eous chemistry. The needs of this case, and of all similar ones, plainly consist in a radical change in the nutritive habits of the system. The flow of the blood and of the nervous power should be directed into new channels, viz; the muscles and other mechanical and physiological constituents of the body. The chest must be made to heave and food must be digested and used—not through stimulants and tonics, for these at best only seem to effect the desired results; but by simply acting. This is, of course, done at first by means of efficient external aid. Further, the will of the patient, which has long proved too feeble, needs as much support as the body. The effort, then, must commence outside the patient, but it must receive little additional rills from the invalid—just as much as can, for the time, be well afforded, and no more. Use, strengthens; repetition becomes habit; and we soon find our power- IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 37 less patient using exertion, followed by commendable, and what is im- portant, commended exhibitions of power. Immediately the tears dry, courage increases, nervous suffering ceases, and our patient is in the high road, long but wrongly sought, many times but foolishly directed —toward health. In a fortnight our patient left the bed; in a month she began to go out with help. In two and half months she walked regularly, and that without fatigue or complain- ing. In four months she returned home to the great joy of her par- ents ; and we afterwards learned Fig. 6.—Fulling the Arms—passive— was soon engaged in matrimony. To move the blood in the capi;iaries, re- It is unquestionable that in all turnins » t0 the heart* and allowing a fresh supply to flow in, and so to increase cases of this kind, the will needs the general nutritive actions of the feeble skillful and effective training to par B" lead it forcibly in the direction of the muscles, to support the important acts of primary organization. In this way, the feeble body is made to cure itself; its appropriate actions are increased, and di- rected ; the system iseffectively enlarged and harmonized. No officinal preparations, ever so cunningly devised, can pretend to secure the same objects. Affections of the nerves are so common and so various, as perhaps to justify a still further illustration of their pathology, to render the inference as to the proper remedy more complete. Case IV.—Mr. R., of N. J., aged about forty, was conveyed to my Institute in June, 1860. He was a gentleman of excellent parentage, and of a naturally sound constitution, having had, until now, no sick- ness from his youth up. He was of short stature, had a full body with large chest, and was exceedingly well-proportioned. I found him reduced to an extremity of weakness, with a shrunk, wild coun- 88 THE MOVEMENT-CURE tenance, flabby flesh and greatly emaciated; hands and feet cold, wet and inelastic ; tongue thickly coated with a white fur; he could take but iittle food, and he had severe constipation ; but he complained of little pain, and that chiefly in the back and the region of the dia- phragm ; the most serious source of discomfort being the total suspen- sion of sleep. According to his own testimony, he has not been con- scious of sleep for several weeks, which certainly indicated a formida- ble derangement of the nervous system. He had, for the last eight months/ been under the care of a celebrated hydropathic physician, under which treatment he had acquired the chief characteristics of his disease. As I have at nearly all times, patients similarly afflicted, who have previously received medical directions from the various pathics of the day, with, in the majority of cases, only equivocal and temporary relief, and generally a permanent increase of their afflictions, it is due that an explanation be given of the reasons for such indifferent success. The distinction between aliment and drugs, and their respective offices, seem to be imperfectly understood. Vital structures have an affinity for the one; and manifest a repugnance to the other. The consequent act in the one case we call nutrition, assimilation, growth; in the other, the operation. In both cases the living parts and vital powers are called upon to act; in the one case to construct the organs of the body; in the other, to repel the presence of what is not only non-assimilable, but tends to subvert and destroy. The immediate consequence of the peculiar action in any particular case, may be agree- able; but however great the seeming temporary necessity for such action, the effect of its prolonged continuance can be no other than to prevent nutrition, wound the delicate susceptibility of the nerves, and through them, even consciousness itself becomes implicated, and the return to health is rendered constantly more difficnlt. The Increased activity of the nerves induced by drugs, necessarily turns IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. "^ the current of supply to them, on the principle before explained; so that the actual powers of the body sadly fail, while nervous suscepti- bility is increased to an overwhelming degree—a state which in itself, is a disease of a formidable character. The Water-Cure treatment, though professing to confine itself to the principles and measures of Hygiene, is yet practically liable to the same objection. The object of the baths is to affect, primarily, the sensory surface. But if these be administered too frequently or inju- diciously, or for too long a period, a similar morbid state is induced, and for similar reasons. Every application is an appeal to the spinal centres, and through them to the whole sensory system, rendering nerve-action compulsory. This may not be, and is not always con- sistent with the vital harmonies. Through these processes, the sen- sorial order of faculties acquires an undue cultivation, sensorial power is correspondingly developed, while this very action and devel- opment serve to restrain organic action in other parts more import- ant in the economy, and even to cripple life itself. The same ultimate consequence ensues as has been previously described. The Movement treatment is amply competent to respond to every medical requirement of cases of this kind, while it is open to no such objection. In the present instance, the application of passive move- ments to the extremities, inciting anew the processes that had for some time well nigh failed of action, combined with such mild active ones as effectually directed the nervous currents from the oppressed centres, in two or three days caused sleep again to refresh the patient in question; and to his surprise he found himself soon able to walk short distances. Care was taken that no overdoing should bring the least reverse of feeling. The movements, in these cases, are always modified with sufficient frequency to keep pace with the enlarged capacity of the pa- tient. The surface of the patient began to acquire a natural appearance, vivacity to return to the eye, confidence to the mind, and selfhood to the whole man. In four or five weeks he was able to enjoy a fair amount of natural and refreshing sleep, and the white fur of the 40 THE MOVEMENT-CURE tongue in good part disappeared. Tn two months he had quite changed in appearance. As his worldly affairs had been settled preparatory to his expected speedy dissolution, he was at leisure to remain and persevere in the treatment for three or four months longer. At last accounts, he was pursuing his ordinary busi- ness, and quite well. The reader cannot fail to see the importance of the principles illustra- Fig. 7.—Trunk raising, backward ted in the present connection. Their BENDING, and BACK STROKING—ACTIVE . , ,. ,,-,,.- and passive -Affecting the abdomen, t,mely application would hardly fail the diaphragm and the spinal nerve. to prevent the greater part of the chronic disease so rife in our midst; while they at the same time supply a philosophical and more effectual remedy than has heretofore been available. CHLOROSIS. Popular, as well as professional opinion, has accorded to Exercise in general, a good reputation for the cure of this form of disease. This is not because it is more appropriate, but because the want of localized disorder renders skill less necessary for safety and success in its use. A somewhat inadvertent testimony to the superior value of this agen- cy was given in my hearing by Prof. Bigelow, Sr. In proceeding with the class in pursuance of clinical instruction through the wards of the Mass. Gen. Hospital, and noticing the conspicuous evidences of this affection in several cases present, Prof. B. remarked:—That girls were often treated here as long as the government of the institution would permit, and then discharged without benefit; but he was often surprised and pleased to meet the same persons at service in the fami- IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE, 41 lies he attended, ruddy with health. Work had done for them what the most approved administration of drugs had utterly failed to ac- complish. The reasons why the treatment by movements is curative, will become apparent by reference to Case V. —Miss L., of R. I., agea twenty, had been obliged to leave school, and for several months continued to de- cline in health and strength. She was very weak, being incapable of walking more than a short distance ; had constant and severe headache ; lips and cheeks quite without color; backache; dyspepsia and constipation; had not menstruated for several months ; pulse 110, with obscure symptoms of pulmonary affection. In this case there seemed to be an al- Fig. 8.—Rotating the trunk most absolute deficiency of the power of in a sitting posture —passive— . ., ,. - j , , ,. ., , ,-, Strengthening the spine, and pro- assimilatrag food, and adapting it to the ducing a gentle increase in the ac purposes of the system. The menstrual tion of the abdominal contents. function was suspended from sheer poverty. The head ached because unsupported in its nutritive wants. The blood was too poor to attract oxygen; and in attempting to attain what the system was being ruine^ for the need of, it pressed with great vigor through the aerating capillaries, consuming, in the effort, the available strength of the sys- tem. The blood lacked iron as well as other nutritive elements, because the system had no power to extract from the food that which it was designed to supply and contained in great abundance. It is not materials that are lacking in these cases, as popularly and profess- ionally contended, but the power of appropriating them. Movements cause the demand to be effective, and are necessarily followed by an increased transmission of nutritive material to the active parts. In this instance the headache gradually abated, the pulse fell by 42 THE MOVEMENT-CURE degrees to the normal standard. In about six weeks menstruation was established, not because it was forced, but because the system had become able to support it. The next period was somewhat delayed, but the treatment was continued, the strength, color, &c, improved, and in about three months the health was quite restored. Other cases might have been selected for the present illustration, in which the cures were much more rapid; but as this was a most diffi- cult case, belonging in a social position where this form of disease is very common, too often terminating in consumption, it answers well the objects for which such illustrations are adduced. UTERINE WEAKNESSES, DISEASES AND DISPLACEMENTS. Mrs. H., of Mass., was brought to New York on a bed, being unable to sit up, her disease (of fifteen years duration) having recently ex- perienced an aggravation. She had suffered from prolapsus, and the multitudinous weaknesses that are invariably connected there- with. She had for some time been quite Enable to retain the urine, which consequently dribbled away almost constantly. An examina- tion showed the upper and large end of the womb bearing hard upon the bladder, while the mouth projected backward and upward. She had borne five children, had a pendulous abdomen, and excessively weak and flabby muscles, and for a long time had been unable to get refreshing sleep. She had been treated at various Water-Cures where such complaints are made a speciality in the aggregate about three years, without permanent benefit, and with a similar result as regards the nervous system, to what has been previously described (pp. 35—39). Here was a case in which the order of development of the com- plaint was first, general weakness, afterwards, prolapsus—terminating in extreme anteversion. In these different stages of disease, it had IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 43 defied all medical treatment, and instead of being cured, it had ac- quired new char- acteristics,render- ing a cure much more difficult. The Movement- Cure divests com- plaints of this class of all their ambi- guity, and supplies a radical and per- T . „ .. Fig. 9.—Trunk forward falling—active—Increasing tne fectly successful 8pace in the superior portion of the abdominal cavity , decreas- mode Of treatment ing H in the inferior portion, and elevating the contents. for all kinds and degrees of the various modifications of these affec- tions. It is superior to the folly of employing artificial supports of any kind, since Nature has provided so much better means; and it also exposes that of re-placing, except in peculiar and extreme cases, for the purpose of temporary relief. The womb floats, with other visceral parts, in the cavity of the body, and its position depends on circumstances easily controlled. If it be desirable for the organ to rise higher, it is only necessary to make room for it, and it will assured- ly assume the new position. If the digestive, bears upon the genera- tive intestine, and the whole presses inordinately into the pelvis, and even upon the perineum, it is simply because there is insufficient room above. If now, the interspace between the floating ribs be in- creased, since the cavity is always full, the pressure is removed from below; and if, in addition, the walls of the lower portion of the abdo- men be at the same time contracted, the tendency of the visceral organs to rise, is followed up by pressure from below, and a new posi- 44 THE MOVEMENT-CURE tion of the aberrant organ is insured. These sustaining conditions are rendered per- manent by the processes of development. The other faults, those of digestion, of the nerves, &c, Fig. IO.-Th^ TwiSTiNG-ACTiVE-Remov- WCTe treated 0n the Peel- ing congestion of the pelvic organs, pies previously indicated. Mrs. H. began the treatment disheartened and sceptical; she had been furnished with no opportunity to cultivate other sentiments. She soon began to mend. She left the treatment in four months, completely restored, both as regards general bodily health and local symptoms. She desired me to refer to her case, whenever it could be of any service to her sisters in affliction. The different varieties of affection comprised under this general head, such as retroversion, prolapsus, lateral flexion, ulceration, hyper trophy, &c, are treated by the almost infinite modifications of which this treatment is susceptible, based on the same general principles. The following case is introduced to show that the cures thus brought about are permanent, because they imply self-management and self- control ; and also, that correct ideas on the part of the invalid are of much greater service than the ordinary supports and drugs combined. Case VI.—Mrs. E., a young married woman of a neighboring city, had suffered a miscarriage some three years before I saw her, from which she dates her ill-health. This accident was followed by weak- ness requiring medical advice. In spite of medical assistance she was obliged to assume the recumbent posture nearly all the time. During the last year she wore a pessary, or internal supporter, this being con- sidered necessary for her comfort and cure. She was removed for change of air to a watering place near New York, when her husband visited me for advice. Being naturally ambitious and hopeful, she IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 45 experimentally practised my directions, aided by my book. She im- mediately commenced gaining in strength, and experienced the desired specific effects. In four weeks she became able to walk about a little, and to sit up a good deal. She then came to the Institute, when I saw her for the first time. In a few days I was able to remove the pessary, without subjecting her to inconvenience. She received treat- ment two weeks, and then felt well enough to return to her home, to practice what she had learned. The next time I heard from her she was pursuing her usual employments, enjoying comfortable health. fti a recent letter, Mrs. E. says :—" I have had no physician since I saw you (sixteen months ago), whereas for twenty months previous I was constantly attended, and I am gaining all the time, though slowly. When I over-fatigue myself, or am in any way unwell, I rely upon the movements to restore me." The Movement-Cure serves to dispel a good deal of the illusion with which this class of infirmities have been regarded. Women have been victimized and the empiric rewarded, with little substantial good to the suffering party, long enough. So far as the influence of this treatment goes, an end will now come to the mistakes under which the invalid's mind has labored. It shows women fully why they have suffered from ill-health, and places the preventive, and in many cases, the curative means in their own hands. They may henceforth, in great measure, avoid those indelicate manual attentions of late years regarded in the current practice as indispensable. Many voluntary testimonials, from persons I never before heard of, have reached me regarding the value of the principles and means here set forth, joined with thanks for the complete efficacy of the few suggestions for self- treatment found in my work.* Case VII.—The following note, just received, I insert as a speci- men of those referred to : * An Exposition of the Movement-Cure, by the Author. 46 THE MOVEMENT-CURE -------, Oct. 18,1861. Dr. Tatlor :— .....I know of no way in which I can better acknowledge the great indebtedness I feel to the Movement-Cure, than by allowing you to refer to me and to make my case public, with the hope that by so doing I may induce some feeble and useless woman to seek relief from a disease which I believe drugs cannot cure. I may truly say I was useless. It was only with the greatest difficulty that I oould ascend a flight of stairs ; could not ride or walk without producing congestion of the womb, most distressing. There was great muscular weakness, so that slight exercise would produce the bearing down and sinking at the stomach, so well known to every one suffering from falling of the womb—and violent backache. On rising in the morn- ing I would feel quite comfortable, but walking about the room a short time and making my toilet, would quite exhaust me, and I wonld have to lie down. Was forced to lie down most of the time, my muscles thereby becoming weaker, and I more discouraged. At this time your book,* on " The Movement-Cure," was put into my hands. I read it, but thought I could do nothing withit myself, so I laid it aside. A week or two after I had an unusually severe turn, brought on by riding. Was in much pain, with Boreness and heat in the pelvic region ; could scarcely walk across the room ; had been growing worse for three days. As a last resort I selected and applied a few of the movements which are designed to remove congestion. The pain left me at once. At the end of an hour I felt relieved in every respect. Hope again sprang up. I contin. ued the movements every day, and at the end of a week the change in my appearance and manner of walking was remarked by my family. After four weeks' application I felt like a new person. Could go up stairs without any difficulty, and could both walk and ride. I have now practiced the movements about eight weeks. The muscles in the region of the abdomen seem hard and are quite able to supply the place of a sup- porter...... Yours, w L respiration, be removed before any per- manent and satisfactory improvement of the health be possible. There must be an increase of the respiratory function, and the natural shape of the body, involving the bony frame-work, generally regarded as fixed, must be at least approximately restored. This will be regarded by those yet unacquainted with the Movement-Cure, as a difficult task. So it sometimes is, but it is by no means impossible, and often it is easy of accomplishment. The principles of general development necessarily includes that of development of parts. It only requires that the principles heretofore laid down be applied with tact and dis- crimination, and changes of shape are secured with a great degree of certainty. ' In the case before us, abundant success attended the efforts made to accomplish the object above specified. The child rapidly increased in vigor and playfulness, and color again mantled the cheeks Child- ren, as might be presumed, are always more plastic than adults, and in this case the cartilaginous parts yielded with remarkable facility In six weeks the defective side was rounded outy though it did not acquire a perfectly natural shape; but the breathing power be- came quite as effective as that of the opposite side. The measure around the whole chest had increased two and a half inches, and I Fig- 16. —Bending the cnEST, WITH DBEP INSPIRATION AND CLAP- PING—active and passive—Ex- panding the deformed side of the chest, and, by confining the oth- er side, increasing the relative amount of air inspired by the de- formed side, enlarging the air cells and restoring the natural shape- IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 55 received the heartfelt thanks of the parents, who told me they had previously despaired of the ability of their child to approach matu- rity. PARALYSIS. This affection consists of either defective power of motion, or its entire absence in some portion of the body. The disease is usually limited either to the lower extremities or to one side; and may exist in any degree, from slight weakness to loss of control by the will, of the part affected. It may come on stealthily or by a sudden shock. The seat of the disease is in those nerve centres of the spinal cord which communicate by means of nerve filaments with the affected part. The nature of this central disease is probably very different in different cases, though this is not indicated by the symptoms; hence the same amount of apparent disease is far from denoting equal facil- ity of recovery. There is no disease whose treatment by the usual methods is so un- satisfactory as this; and no doubt man)' cases have been rendered incurable by indiscreet attempts to stimulate action, when the develop- ment of a capacity therefor, should have been the object sought. The following case will aid us in illustrating the success of the treat- ment by movements, and the principles involved in it: Case XIII.—Mrs. 0., the wife of a physician in this state, aged about forty-two, had a sudden attack rendering her for a few days nearly senseless. She however rallied, but was confined helpless to her bed for several months. She afterwards became able to ride out, requiring a good deal of assistance in doing so. Her husband then brought her to this city for medical treatment, and by advice of Dr. Parker who examined her case in connection with Dr. Gilman, she came under my care. I found her left hand quite useless, but she was able to walk by the help of canes, requiring assistance in mounting stairs. She was also severely afflicted with uterine prolapsus. The objects to be sought in this, and in most cases of this kind are 56 THE MOVEMENT-CURE two, viz: to cause the mandates of the will to travel in the direction of the useless members ; and to remove congestion from, and restore healthy action in, the spinal cord. These objects are to be sought in connection. The first is attained by increasing the freedom of the circulation of the blood, the temperature, and the general nutrition in the affiicted member, thus sustaining the conditions of vital power in both muscles and nerves together. In some cases this is enough, proving that the primary disease of the spinal centres had ceased to exist, and that it was only necessary to re-open the channel of communication with the central source of power. But in most cases the spinal cord itself, where the power originates, must be subjected to healing influences. If there be congestion, it may be removed; if there has been destruction of the original sources of the nerve-power, the case is less favorable. Whether the one or the other condition exists, cannot be fully determined by the symp- toms, but is proved only by the results of treatment. The processes indicated, are first, such passive exercise of the affected member, as causes friction of the fibres which enter into its composition; next, the bringing of the will to bear upon the same parts by means of such peculiar co-operation of an assistant, as increases greatly the degree of success. In this way the will is made to pene- trate more freely the affected organ, and increased success is secured by the repeated efforts. It is necessary to bring the spinal muscles into careful but energetic action. It is also quite important to perform such operations upon the fleshy parts over and contiguous to the spine, as shall result in Fig 13.— Fulling the back—passive — Increasing •, . ,, ,. the amount of blood in the parts beneath the skin, with- drawinSthe congestion drawing it from the cord, and inducing healthy action away from the COrd. therein. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 57 The paralytic invalid should bear in mind that his powers of elimi- nation are feeble, and that his system retains much dead substance. If this is not an original cause of his disease, it is doubtless a conse- quence of it. He must rid himself of this by improving his respira- tion, increasing the action of his liver, more exposure to the air, more exertion, improved diet, and by all the hygienic means at his command. The case at present referred to received treatment three weeks, with evident benefit,—carrying out the principles in practical detail, that are here only hinted at. Her husband, having learned the why as well as the how of the processes, thenceforward ap- plied her treat- ment at home; with what advan- tage is indicated by the following extract of a letter *Fier* 14.—Twist-shaking the leg—passive—Causing fric- tion of the constituent fibres of the limb, exciting the nerves, I received from increasing the amount of blood and heat in the part. her about a month afterward: ------, October 1st, 1860. Db. Taylor : Dear Sir :—It is now about a month since I left my pleasant home in your house, and as I promised to give some account of myself after I left you, I hasten to do bo. I am happy to say that my health prospers nicely, and that I gain more rapidly now than when with you. The treatment is pretty vigorously kept up, to which are added exercises not laid down in the books. I wish you could see how much I have improved in walking. I have walked to church two Sundays, morning and evening, and more than two blocks at once beside, positively without fatigue......In short, I go about quite like a well person ; I am a miracle to myself and friends. Now doctor, don't I give a satisfactory account of myself? and pray don't ever think again that there is no such thing as disinterested benevolence. I have nearly persuaded a patient of my husband's, with his assistance and hearty co-operation, to come to you. .... When I saw her last she had the blues dreadfully, and looked like all the woes. Poor thing; she does not realize how speedily she might be brought up out oi that, if she only knew how....... 58 THE MOVEMENT-CURE Paralysis of the lower extremities also yields to the treatment, as will be seen by the following Case XIV__Mr. H., from a western city, was brought here for treatment by movements. He was quite unable to walk, and had spasmodic twitchings of his legs; complete incontinence of urine; severe constipation, with lack of control of the discharges, numbness of the lower portion of the back and of the legs; soreness of the region of the liver, &c. He had also nearly lost his sense of sight. He received treatment with the following results: In three weeks he had gained control of his urinary discharges, and of the alvine, someWhat later. The natural sensations of the skin and flesh gradually increased, as well as his control of the muscles, till at the end of five weeks he was able to walk a little, when he returned home, travelling without assistance. He had full confidence of his ability to carry forward his cure to completion. Since returning home he has advised me ot his continued improvement, and says he can walk better than I ever saw him. During his illness he had tried but too faithfully the ordi- nary routine of remedies proposed by the faculty. His disease had existed about eighteen months. Paralysis generally requires a long and faithful application of the treatment, if the desired advantages would be gained, though a few are relieved speedily. It also demands most careful treatment, since it is so easy to overdo the weak parts, and excite anew the original diseased action, if under incompetent management. The non-recov- ery of a portion of cases, if the treatment be judicious, is to be attri- buted to the destruction of certain nerve centres, as vitalized and per- haps as organized parts. Since Science has, as yet, given no infallible test whereby the curability of a given case may be absolutely deter- mined, it follows that a patient and persevering trial of the proper means, is the only consistent mode of discharging our duty to this class of invalids. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 59 SPINAL CURVATURE. Deformity of the spine, of whatever kind or degree, is evidence of either present or previous imperfect muscular support of the spinal column, the consequence of imperfect nutrition of the spinal muscles. The spinal column consists of a series of separate bones or vertebra, connected by elastic cartilage. It is therefore extremely flexible, being incapable without its muscular support, of maintaining itself in an erect position, much less of sustaining the mass whose weight rests upon it. Hence it appears, that the position of the spine depends entirely on the action of the muscles. While this mode of construc- tion renders deformity pdssible in the case of weak muscles, it also facilitates recovery; for on the principles already explained, the nutri- tion of the muscles and even the bones, where this is faulty, may be increased almost at option. A lateral single curvature, that is, one with but one convexity, does not present a difficult problem. One half of the body is weakest, including the leg, side of trunk and arm; nutrition should be in- creased in it, especially in those muscles whose contraction would cause the spine to become erect. The cause of muscular weakness referable to digestion must be reached, or all our endeavors however otherwise well directed, will be defeated. As the development of the defective side progresses, by processes similar to those by which de- formity of the chest is corrected, the trunk resumes the erect position. When the curvature is double, that is, having a superior convexity on one side, and an inferior one on the opposite side, the physician has a more difficult task before him; he has a complicated mechanico- physiological problem to solve. This problem has now been well studied, and a high degree of perfection has been achieved in the adaptation of means to the desired ends, securing oftentimes unlooked- for success by the treatment. The following is a good example, illus- trating the principles necessary to bring into requisition in the treat- ment of curved spine: 60 THE MOVEMENT-CURE Case XV.—Mrs. C, a young married lady of this city, has always had a delicate constitution, and for several years very poor health. She had been much under medical treatment, availing herself of What is popularly supposed to be the best advice. She had the following symptoms: very pale and thin in flesh; backache; severe neuralgia ; leucorrhcea; cough; had been treated much for pulmonary disease. The right shoulder was highest and projected backward, and to con- ceal the deformity she wore a thick pad on the left shoulder. In other words, the spinal column was curved to the right in the region of the chest, and also twisted backward; the transverse diameter of the chest deviating from that of the lower portion of the trunk by about the eighth of a circle. There was also fullness over the left hip, and a depression over the right, accompaniments of a lower curve to the left in the lumbar region. To correct these curves, the left shoulder must be raised and devel- oped ; the arm strengthened, and fitted for habitual use; the left leg and left side strengthened and raised ; the trunk untwisted; the ribs of the left side, which make too acute an angle with the spine, raised to the natural position; the plane of the pelvis, which dips to the left, must be raised to the horizontal; and the spinal column, now de- viating to the right of the perpendicular in the thoracic region, and to the left in the lumbar, must be carried back to the erect position. These objects may in most cases be completely effected by the com- bined influence of the special strengthening processes of movements, applied to the weaker parts, and appropriate mechanical assistance. In recent and moderate cases, nothing more than well applied move- ments are required; but, as in the present instance, the patient fre- quently does not apply for aid till "years after the curvature was contracted, something more than muscular weakness must now be overcome. Indeed, the health may have been quite restored by time, leaving the sad evidences of previous imperfect nutrition in the bones of the spine. IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 61 The shape of the vertebral bones have become altered in consequence of the unequal weight bearing on their two sides. They have be- come thin on one side—that of the most pressure—and thick on the opposite, being, in fact, wedge-shaped, the thick ends looking towards the convexity. The ribs also deviate from their natural position, being turned out, and making a greater angle with the column than natural on the convex side ; and turned down, in a less angle, on the concave side. In my opinion, there is but one way possible to restore these long misshapen bones, and so to obliterate the deformity; this is, to re- verse by artificial means the conditions by which the curve was formed. These bones were made thinner at one side by pressure, and pressure must be applied to the thick sides of the wedge-shaped bones to make them in turn thinner, and removed from the thin edges that they may thicken. This in fact is always done when an appropriate curvature movement is applied; but for the special purpose of changing the shape of the bone and cartilage, it is necessary that the movements be increased in extent and greatly prolonged. For this purpose mechan- ical contrivances are requisite. The cut on the following page shows a mechanical device by which the objects here referred to are secured to the fullest extent. A single movement by the apparatus affords a powerful exercise for the weak and low shoulder, elevating it with the ribs of that side, while the projecting shoulder is pressed in, as well as the lumbar fullness of the opposite side. In short, all the characteristics of the curvature are reversed, without pain to the patient. The padded bars admit of easy perpendicular adjustment, so that they may act on any horizontal plane, and so are readily adapted to any case of deformity. The whole apparatus may be fixed at any point to the post on which it slides, rendering it adapted to persons of any height, or to the sitting posture when this is preferred. The patient may leave the apparatus immediately after receiving the movement, or another 62 THE MOVEMENT-CURE padded bar, not shown in the cut, is turned under the elevated shoulder after relin- quishing the hold up- on the lever, sustain- ing it in its new posi- tion. The patient may remain in this position an indefinite length of time, amus ing herself by reading or in any way fancy may dictate. The twist of the column, §j of which mention has been made, is coun- Fig. 17.—Showing position teracted by twisting, pig. iq —Same as Fig. iheTper^^rth"^ andothermovements. ".™*«j th° ri*hth-d me upper cur\ e is 10 me left, grasping the lever, which lower one to the right. But another appa- being depressed, causes the , , . ,, . . , padded bars to glide toward ratus is employed m the treatment, which com- the centre) preB8ing in and bines bending with twisting. The use of the obliterating the convexities, elevating the right shoulder, apparatus now referred to, renders the means and reversing the position of of treatment complete, and is indispensable in the spine, in one motion. the thorough management and rapid cure of these cases. The object of this apparatus is to so prolong the combination of bend- ing and twisting as to secure the moulding and shaping the bones of the trunk to their natural form. It consists of an attachment to the adjustible couch in common use in the Movement-room. To the edges of the flap are attached moveable loops, secured at any point to suit the curvature by thumb-screws. These loops receive uprights, which may be two or three inches longer than the diameter of the body. 999999� IN EVERY CHRONIC DISEASE. 63 The patient rests, sitting, reclining, or lying with the back against the flap. Very strong elastic bands pass round the body at the curvatures or points of greatest convexity, fastened to the uprights by hooks. These bands are elastic only two-thirds of their length, the continua- tion being of leather or some other inelastic substance. They are made tense around the patient, the ends being secured by the uprights of the opposite sides, and are tightened at pleasure by the patient by Fig. 19.—Combination Cottch—Bending and twisting the spine, moulding its vertebrae to the natural shape, and re-placing the ribs. means of buckles. The elastic portion is so arranged that by contract- ing, the body will not only be bent but twisted also. The bending and twisting will not only quite obliterate the deformity, but may produce, for the time being, deformity in the opposite direction. The process is so gradual and gentle, as to be perfectly agreea61e to the patient, who generally engages in some pleasant occupation. A mpdification of the arrangement, also used, consists in continuing the bands at the upper side over a pulley at the top of the uprights, and attaching -the ends to a roller under the centre of the flap. The roller is provided with a ratched wheel and a movable crank. When the crank is turned, one end of each band winds upon opposite sides of the roller, thus causing traction at the part over which it passes, bending the convex portion inwards, and by the same operation twisting 64 THE MOVEMENT-CURE the trunk upon its axis. This arrangement is somewhat preferable when the curvature is very old and rigid. In this case, the band passing over the most rigid portion at the right shoulder may be ine- lastic, serving as a fulcrum to those portions of the spine acted upon both by the elasticity of the other bands, and by force derived from the crank. This arrangement may be adjusted in regard to the points to which the pressure and twisting should be applied, the degree of elasticity and of power required, the position of the patient, whether sitting, lying or intermediate positions, with the greatest ease. It also supplies an almost unlimited amount of power. It does not uncomfortably press, cramp or strain the most delicate per- son ; and such frequently indulge in a luxuriant nap while in position. In short it is difficult to conceive any practicable purpose which this arrangement does not completely fulfill. The lady whose case has been stated in this connection, occupied the couch perseveringly, two hours every forenoon, and the same time every afternoon, and in four weeks she discontinued as unnecessary the pad of the left shoulder, which previously concealed her deformity, and her dresses no longer fitted the altered shape. In evidence ot the expanding effect of the apparatus, and the throwing outwards of the depressed and deformed ribs, the fact may be stated that at the end of six weeks' treatment, her chest measure had increased three and a half inches. In the meantime the neuralgia was cured, the cough vanished, color came again to the cheeks, and vivacity of spirits, and all the elements of good health were restored to our patient. It is indispensable for the successful treatment of deformities that mechanical and physiological treatment be combined; indeed either method alone, if not quite useless, will only partially secure the desired object. Braces and supports weaken the parts, and ultimately increase the deformity. In a former patient of Tamplin recently examined by me, the body was twisted to the extent of a quarter of a circle—an effect evidently pi-oduced in great part, by the dragging weight of the iron arrangement intended for restoration. Dit. GEO. H. TAYLOR'S No. 67 WEST THIRTY-EIGHTH STREET, NEW YORK CITY. The fundamental idea upon which the medical practice of this Institute is founded, is the superiority of a thorough and systematic application of Hygiene, to the prev- alent methods of treating the sick. It is well understood that this sentiment is shared by very many of the most respectable, influential and educated members of the commu- nity, so that the remedial methods adopted simply carry this conviction forward to a practical realization. The measures are such as take the patient back to nature, and invite a more complete sway of all of her laws in the organism ; while every circum- stance which would conflict therewith is carefully removed. Organic development is the basis of all human power, the root of all human capability, and when this falters, we must apply the means which nature, in her wisdom and simplicity dictates. This plan of remedial treatment therefore, involves the following particulars : 1. A simple and nutritious dirtauy ; 2. The control of the influence exerted in the system by oxygen, through bathing, and other habits ; 3, and more specifically, the strengthening and due subordination of all the powers of the body by those peculiar and systematic manipulations and exercir-es now generally known as the MOVEMENT-CURE. It may not be improper lo say, that the subscriber bus devoted many years to the examination of medical subjects from the data afforded by the present advanced state of physiological science, with a view to the co-ordination of the somewhat scattered and confused elements of medical Hygiene and their reduction to a complete, har- monious, and eminently practical system. The influence of such a system is already much extended, and will necessarily continue to extend, till chronic invalids will be able to avail themselves, generally, of the remedial plan here set forth. Besides ordinary forms of chronic disease, those requiring SURGICAL OPERA- TIONS, of whatever kind, are also treated. The advice and aid of a professed surgeon of long and successful practice in New York, is made available in this department—one whose name is throughout the country a efficient guarantee of scientific and conscien- tious advice ; and one who is conceded to possess consummate skill in the most delicate :i» well as the gravest operations of his profession. All letters of inquiry will be promptly attended to, and may be addressed to— GEO. H. TAYLOR, m.d., 67 West Tliirty-eigrhth Street, NEW YORK CITY. A NEW POPULAR WORK ON REMEDIAL HYGIENE. AN EXPOSITION OP THE SWEDISH MOVEMENT-CUKE: A Manual of Exercises for Domestic Use, BY GEO II. TAYLOR, M. I)., PHYSICIAN OF THE REMEDIAL HYGIENIC INSTITDTB Of NEW YORK CITY. The object of this work is to explain the methods of controling those operations of the system on which health depends, by means purely physiological. It shows how all desirable medical effects may be secured without drugs, by specefic, prescribed exercisis, or movements. Its influence is to diminish disease, and to make men wiser and better- to increase the value of life to its possessor. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS: PART I. Contains a history of the remedial use of exercises from the earliest times ; an ac- count cf the physiological and chemical relations of the system ; the particular effects of movements upon every function ; the distinction between movements and gym»i.s- tics; anew and scientific terminology of the mechanical relations of tin, body mode of prescribing, &c. ' PART II. Contains a large number of examples of movements, which any person, though an invalid, may take, without the help of an assistant; with abundant illustrations and directions, embracing statements of the particular effects produced by different specific exercises. PART III. Gives an account of various common chronic diseases from the "Movement-Cure" point of view; explains the principles of the treatment, and directs the particular processes that should be employed ; also a formula of exercises for schools. PART IV. Explains the general principles of Hygiene, of which the Movement-Cure forms a special department; directs what to use and what to avoid in matters of Food, Drink and Temperature, embracing the rationale of the Water-Cure ; explalnstheinfluei.ee of Light and the importance of Mental Hygiene -.-the whole supplying for the invalid a complete guide to health by affording just that precise, practical knowledge neces- sary for its restoration and maintenance. .This work contains 408 pages, with numerous illustrations, and will be sent by mail to any address on receipt of ,«125. G. II. TAYLOR, m. n.. 67 West Thirty-Eighth Street, NK\V YORK CITY.