A SUMMARY 
OF THE 
VITAL STATISTICS 
OF THE NEW ENGLAND STATES 
FOR THE YEAR 1892. 
BEING A CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE 
MARRIAGES, DIVORCES, BIRTHS, * DEATHS 
IN THE SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES. 
COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARIES OF THE 
STATE BOARDS OF HEALTH OF MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 
VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE 
ISLAND AND-eONNSCWOU-T 
Damrell & (the Old Corner Book Store). 
BOSTON: 
Lf>N©0-N-r- 
P. S. King & Son, 12 King St., Westminster. Compliments Df 
GARDNER T. SWARTS 
Secretary of the State Board of Health. State Registrar of Vital Statistics, 
Commissioner of Public Health. 
48 Weybosset Street, 
PROVIDENCE, R. I THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. 
The small circles show the location of the 
sixty-seven cities and towns having populations 
of more than 10,000 in each by the U. S. Census 
of 1890. 
The figures within the circles refer to the 
first column in the table of cities and towns near 
the close of the book. 
Vicinity 
OF 
BOSTON A SUMMARY 
OF THE 
VITAL STATISTICS 
OF THE NEW ENGLAND STATES 
FOR THE YEAR 1892. 
BEING A CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE 
MARRIAGES, DIVORCES, BIRTHS, * DEATHS 
IN TUB SIX NEW ENGLAND STATES. 
COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARIES OF THE 
STATE BOARDS OF HEALTH OF MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 
VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE 
ISLAND AND CONNECTICUT. 
BOSTON J 
Damrell & Upham, (the Old jCorner Book Store). 
London}: 
P. S. King & Son, 12 King St., Westminster™" Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1895, by 
Samubl W. Abbott, 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. INTRODUCTORY. 
The object intended in publishing this summary, is to present in 
a condensed form, the Vital Statistics of the New England States 
as a whole. At any time previous to 1894 the publication of such 
a summary would have been impossible, in consequence of the fact 
that no compilation of the Vital Statistics of Maine was made until 
1894, when the First Registration Report of that state for the year 
1892 was issued. 
At a meeting of the Secretaries of the Boards of Health of the 
six New England States, held in Montreal, in September, 1894, 
during the session of the American Public Health Association, it 
was decided to publish a summary of the Vital Statistics of these 
states. The objects to be secured by such a publication may be 
stated briefly as follows : — 
1. The securing of better and more uniform methods of the 
presentation of material collected in the Registration Returns. 
2. The stimulation of attention to this important branch of 
public work in other states, where registration has hitherto been 
neglected. 
In New England the importance of registration of Vital Statistics 
has been acknowledged from the earliest periods of the existence of 
the colonies, a law having been enacted in 1639, in the Massachu- 
setts Colony, providing for the keeping of a record “ of every 
marriage, birth, and death of every person within the jurisdiction”. 
This was followed soon afterward (1644) by similar legislation in 
Connecticut. 
It was not until 1842 that any published report embracing these 
facts was made. 6 
The six New England States have now published such reports for 
the stated periods as follows : — 
Maine, ..... beginning with 1892 
New Hampshire, ... “ “ 1880 
Vermont, .... “ “ 1857 
Massachusetts, ... “ “ 1842 
Rhode Island, ... “ “ 1853 
Connecticut, ... “ 1848 
The importance of the subject of Vital Statistics as the basis or 
ground work of Public Hygiene is universally acknowledged, and- 
the intimate connection of the one with the other is shown by the 
action of nearly every state government in uniting the Department 
of Registration of Vital Statistics with that of Public Health. 
An unusual stimulus has been given to the progress of such work 
by the organization of general societies for the study and publica- 
tion of statistics, of which the Royal Statistical Society of Great 
Britain, the International Statistical Institute, and the American 
Statistical Society are among the flourishing examples. 
It is proposed to issue this summary at intervals of about five 
years, the second issue to embrace the statistics for 1895, since, in a 
portion of New England (two states embracing half the population) 
an intermediate census is taken, once in five years. 
No account is taken in this summary, of the county as a division 
of the population, since this grouping or division has but little 
significance in New England, aside from its importance in connec- 
tion with the administration of the courts of justice, the inquest 
laws, the control of highways and a few minor matters. The admin- 
istration of the municipal affairs of the town or city, considered as a 
unit is a matter of far greater sanitary importance than that of the 
county. That the thorough and careful administration of such affairs, 
in such important matters as the introduction of pure water sup- 
plies, and efficient sewerage systems, the management and control of 7 
infectious diseases, the supervision of public institutions, the inspec- 
tion of food, etc., has a perceptible effect upon the vital statistics of 
municipalities has been fully demonstrated, both in Europe and 
America, and we may add, in the distant cities of British India. For 
this reason the vital statistics of the principal towns are presented 
as fully as the limits of a summary of this character will admit. 
A. G. YOUNG, 
Secy. State Board of Health and 
Registrar Vital Statistics, 
Maine. 
I. A. WATSON, 
Secy. State Board of Health and 
Registrar of Vital Statis- 
tics, N. II. 
J. H. HAMILTON, 
Secy. State Board of Health, Vt. 
SAML. W. ABBOTT, 
Seeret'y State Board of Health 
of Massachusetts. 
G. T. SWARTS, 
Secy. State Board of Health and 
Registrar oj Vital Statis- 
tics, R. I. 
C. A. LINDSLEY, 
Secy. State Board of Health and 
Superintendent of Registra- 
tion of Vital Statistics, 
Conn. A SUMMARY OF THE VITAL STATISTICS 
OF THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. 
POPULATION. 
“ Population is the basis of Vital Statistics, and hence 
demands preliminary consideration in any work bearing upon 
this subject.” (Dr. Farr.) 
The statements of population in this summary are those of 
the United States Census of 1880 and 1890, together with esti- 
mates made for the intercensal years, and for the years 1891 and 
1892. The method of estimating is that which is employed in 
the annual reports of the Registrar General of England (the 
geometric rate of increase). Since short census intervals are 
preferable to long ones, the five year period is adopted for 
estimating, in those states where a quinquennial census is 
made. (Massachusetts and Rhode Island.) 
In populations having a rapid growth, the results obtained 
by the arithmetric and geometric methods of estimating differ 
considerably, but in small communities, and especially among 
those of slow growth the difference is only slight, and scarcely 
affects the ratios representing the marriage, birth, and death 
rates to an appreciable degree. Hence, in estimating popula- 
tions the geometric rate in this summary is only applied to the 
States, and in the table of cities and towns, to those cities which 
have a population larger than 20,000. 
The population of the six states is shown in table I, by which 
it appears that the total population of the district in 1870 was 
3,487,924 (U. S. Census), and this had increased to 4,010,529 
in 1880, and 4,700,745 in 1890. 10 
Maine. 
New 
Hampshire. 
Vermont. 
Massachu- 
setts. 
Khode 
Island. 
Connecticut 
Neav 
England. 
1870 
626,015 
318,300 
330,Sol 
1,457,351 
217,353 
537,454 
3,487,024 
1880 
648,036 
346,001 
332,286 
1,783,085 
276,531 
622,700 
4,010,520 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
650,141 
651,348 
652,557 
653,768 
654,981 
349,836 
352,706 
355,600 
358,517 
361,458 
332,299 
332,312 
332,326 
332,340 
332,354 
1,813,818 
1,845,081 
1,876,883 
1,909,233 
1,042,141 
281,862 
287,296 
292,834 
298,529 
304,284 
634,075 
645,658 
657.452 
669.452 
681,681 
4,062,031 
4,114,401 
4,167,652 
4,221,839 
4,276,899 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1800 
656,197 
657,416 
658,637 
659,860 
661,086 
364,423 
367,413 
370,427 
373,466 
376,530 
332,367 
332,380 
332,394 
332,408 
332,422 
1,998,174 
2,055,823 
2,115,136 
2,176,159 
2,238,043 
312,114 
320,145 
328,388 
336,843 
345,506 
694,133 
706,813 
719.724 
732’871 
746,258 
4,357,408 
4,439,990 
4,524,706 
4,611,607 
4,700,745 
1891 
1892 
662,314 
663,544 
379,618 
382,932 
332,436 
332,450 
2,303,536 
2,369,993 
354,396 
363,515 
759,890 
773,971 
4,792,190 
4,886,405 
Figures in full-face type are official census enumerations, all others are estimates. 
Population of the New England States, 1880 —1892. 
TABLE I. 11 
The sum of the estimated populations for 1892 was 4,886,405. 
The percentages which the population of each state bore to 
the total population of New England at each of the census 
enumerations of 1870, 1880 and 1890 were as follows: 
PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL POPULATION. 
STATES. 
1870. 
1880. 
1890. 
Maine, 
17.97 
16.18 
14.06 
New Hampshire, 
9.13 
8.65 
8.01 
Vermont, 
9.48 
8.28 
7.07 
Massachusetts, 
41.78 
44 46 
47.63 
Rhode Island, 
6.23 
6.90 
7.35 
Connecticut, 
15.41 
15.53 
15 88 
New England, 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
The annual rate of growth of each state (geometric) and that 
of the total population for the period 1880-1890 are expressed 
by the following figures: 
Maine, .0018+ 
New Hampshire, .0082+ 
Vermont, .00004 
Massachusetts, .0230+ 
Rhode Island, .0225+ 
Connecticut, .0183— 
New England, .0160+ 
The rates of growth of Massachusetts and Rhode Island for 
the short intercensal period 1885-1890 were respectively 
.0288+ and .0257+. 
Sex. 
The ratios of the sexes in the different states at the two 
census enumerations (1880 and 1890) are shown in table 2, 
wherein it appears that the number of females was greater than 
that of the males in the whole district at each census, the excep- 
tions being Vermont in each census and Maine in 1890. The 
most uniform distribution was in Maine in 1880 (1000 males to 
1008 females), and the greatest excess of females was found in 
Rhode Island in 1880 (1000 males to 1079 females). 
In England and Wales the ratio of males to females at the 
last census (1891) was as 1000 to 1063. 12 
Distribution of the Population by Sexes. Census of 1880 and 1890, with ratio of 
Females to 1,000 males, in each State. 
1880. 
1890. 
Males. 
Females. 
Females 
to 1,000 
Males. 
Total. 
Males. 
Females. 
Females 
to 1,000 
Males. 
Total. 
Maine 
324,058 
324,878 
1,003 
648,936 
332,590 
328,496 
987 
661,086 
New Hampshire.. 
170,526 
176,465 
1,035 
346,991 
186,566 
189,964 
1,018 
376,530 
Vermont 
166,887 
165,399 
991 
332,286 
169,327 
163,095 
963 
332,422 
Massachusetts 
858,440 
924,645 
1,077 
1,783,085 
1,087,709 
1,151,234 
1,058 
2,238,943 
Rhode Island 
133,030 
143,501 
1,079 
276,531 
168,025 
177,481 
1,056 
345,506 
Connecticut 
305,782 
316,91 
1 j6 
622,700 
369,538 
376,720 
1,020 
746,258 
New England 
1,958,723 
2,051,806 
1,048 
4,010,529 
2,313,755 
2,386,990 
1,032 
4,700,745 
TABLE II. 13 
Density of the Population. 
Density of the population usually bears quite a definite 
relation to the condition of the people, and especially manifests 
its influence in the death rate. The population of New England 
exhibits extreme variations of density, from the sparsely settled 
Aroostook region of Maine to the densely populated wards of 
the large cities. 
In table III. is presented the density of New England as a 
whole, and separately by states. The extremes of density were 
21.7 persons per square mile in Maine, and 254.9 per square 
mile in Rhode Island in 1880, and 22.1 per square mile in 
Maine and 318.4 in Rhode Island in 1890. 
The mean density of the whole district (New England) had 
increased from 64.7 per square mile in 1880 to 75.8 in 1890. 
In the foregoing estimates, water surfaces amounting to 4460 
square miles or 6.7 per cent, of the total area are excluded, 
leaving a land area of 62,005 square miles. 
TABLE III. 
Density of the Population. Census of 1880 and 1800. 
Area in 
Square 
miles. 
Population 
in 
1880. 
Persons to 
Square mile 
1880. 
Population 
in 
1890. 
Persons to 
Square mile 
1890. 
Maine 
29,895 
648,936 
21.7 
661,086 
22.1 
New Hampshire.. 
9,005 
346,991 
38.5 
376,530 
41.8 
Vermont 
9,135 
332,286 
36.4 
332.422 
36.4 
Massachusetts — 
8,040 
1,783,085 
221.8 
2,238,943 
278.5 
Rhode Island 
1,085 
276,531 
254.9 
345,506 
318.4 
Connecticut 
4,845 
622,700 
128.5 
746,258 
154.0 
New England... 
62,005 
4,010,529 
64.7 
4,700,745 
75.8 
Total area 66,465 miles, of which 4,460 or 6.7 per cent is water. 14 
INTERNATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS. 
The value of statistics is greatly enhanced by comparison, 
not only of the statistics of one state with those of neighboring 
states, but also with those of large populations embracing entire 
countries. 
The usefulness of the well-arranged tables published in the 
preliminary portion of the Registrar General’s Reports of Eng- 
land is everywhere acknowledged. In table IV the marriage, 
birth and death rates of the New England States are presented 
for a period of twenty years, and for the years 1891 and 1892. 
By this table it appears that the marriage rate of New England, 
as a whole, for the year 1892 (18.5 per 1000) was greater than 
that of any of the Transatlantic countries quoted in the table, 
the highest of any of these countries being that of Hungary 
(18.4) and the lowest, that of Ireland (9.3).* 
The birth rate of New England in 1892 (24.9 per 1000 of the 
population) was less than those of any of the other countries 
except France and Ireland. Hungary had a birth rate of 40.3 
and France 22 1. 
The death rate of New England in 1892 (19.9) was less than 
those of Italy, Hungary, Austria, Germany, France, Holland and 
Belgium, and greater than those of the British Islands, Den- 
mark, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. 
* Note.—In the previous year (1891) Hungary had a marriage rate of 17.2. 15 
Summary of the Vital Statistics of the Principal Countries of Europe for Twenty Years, 
ancl for 1891 and 1892, together with those of the New England Stcdes. 
Twenty Years — 1871- 
1890. 
1891. 
1894. 
States and 
Countries. 
Marriage Rate. 
Birth Rate. 
Death Rate. 
Excess of Birth 
Rate over 
Death Rate. 
Marriage Rate 
Birth Rate 
Death Rate 
Excess of Birth 
Rate over 
Death Rate. 
Marriage Rate. 
Birth Rate. 
Death Rate. 
Excess of Birth 
Rate over 
Death Rate. 
New England 
18.5|| 
25.2|| 
19.0|| 
5.3|| 
18.5 
24.9 
19.9 
5.0 
Maine 
17.3 
20.7 
18.4 
2.3 
New Hampshire... 
18.6* 
18.0* 
18.9* 
20.6 
19.2* 
18.7 
21.3 , 
19.1 
20.1 
Y ermont 
15.6 
20.2 
15.1 
5.1 
16.9 
20.0 
16.2 
3.8 
17.5 
19.7 
17.9 
1.8 
Massachusetts .... 
18.1 
25.7 
19.7 
6.0 
1S.3 
27.4 
19.6 
7.8 
19.0 
27.8 
20.6 
7.2 
Rhode Island 
18.7 
23.7 
18.0 
5.7 
18.7 
25.8 
18.7 
7.1 
19.3 
24.5 
20.4 
4.2 
Connecticut 
16.0 
23.6 
17.1 
6.5 
17.1 
23.5 
18.9 
3.3 
17.0 
24.5 
19.6 
4.9 
England and Wales 
15.6 
34.0 
20.3 
13.7 
15.6 
31.4 
20.2 
11.2 
15.4 
30.5 
19.0 
11.5 
Scotland 
13.9 
33.6 
20.4 
13.2 
13.9 
31.2 
20.7 
10.5 
14.1 
30.7 
18.5 
12.2 
Ireland 
9.0 
24.9 
18.0 
6.9 
9.2 
23.1 
18.4 
4.7 
9.3 
22.4 
19.4 
3.0 
Italy 
15.6 
37.3 
28.6 
8.7 
15.0 
37.3 
26.2 
11.1 
15.0 
36.3 
26.2 
10.1 
Denmark 
15.2 
31.7 
19.0 
12.7 
13.6 
31.0 
2C.0 
11.0 
13.6 
29.5 
19.4 
10.1 
Norway 
13.7 
30.7 
16.9 
13.8 
13.2 
30.9 
17.5 
13.4 
12.6 
29.6 
17.7 
11.9 
Sweden 
13.1 
29.8 
17.6 
12.2 
11.6 
28.3 
16.8 
11.5 
11.4 
27.0 
17.9 
9.1 
Austria 
16.3 
38.6 
30.6 
8.0 
15.4 
38.1 
27.9 
10.2 
15.6 
36.2 
28.8 
7.4 
Hungary! 
19.1 
44.0 
33.7 
10.3 
17.2 
42.3 
33.1 
9.2 
18.4 
40.3 
35.0 
5.3 
Switzerland 
14.7 
29.4 
22.1 
7.3 
14.3 
28.2 
20.7 
7.5 
14.7 
28.0 
19.3 
8.7 
German Empire! • • 
16.4 
38.1 
26.0 
12.1 
16.1 
37.0 
23.4 
13.6 
15.9 
35.7 
24.1 
11.6 
Holland 
15.1 
35.2 
22.6 
12.6 
14.2 
33.7 
20.7 
13.0 
14.4 
32.0 
21.0 
11.0 
Belgium 
14.2 
31.0 
21.4 
9.6 
14.8 
29.6 
21.0 
8.6 
15.4 
28.9 
21.8 
7.1 
France 
15.4 
24.6 
22.8 
1.8 
15.0 
22.6 
22.6 
0.0 
15.2 
22.1 
22.6 
—0.5§ 
* Seven years. Registration of births said to be defective. t Fifteen years. t Nineteen years. § Excess of death rate. 
In the figures for New England for 1891 Maine is not included. 
TABLE IV. 16 
MARRIAGES. 
The total number of marriages registered in New England in 
1892 was 45,310, which, in an estimated population of 4,886,405, 
gives a marriage rate of 9.27, or, according to the more common 
method of reckoning, in which the ratio of persons married is 
employed, instead of the number of marriages, the rate was 
18.54 per 1,000 of the population. 
The highest marriage rate was in New Hampshire where it 
was 21.28 per 1,000, and the lowest, 17.04 was in Connecticut. 
The following table presents the marriages and marriage 
rates for 1892 : — 
TABLE V. 
MARRIAGES AND MARRIAGE RATES OF THE NEW ENGLAND 
STATES — 1892. 
Marriages 
1892. 
M arriage 
rate per 1,000 
[population, 
1892. 
Marriage 
rates (per- 
sons mar- 
ried). 
Marriage 
rate, 1891. 
Maine, 
5,726 
8.63 
17 26 
New Hampshire, 
4,074 
10.64 
21.28 
20 56 
Vermont, 
2,905 
8.74 
17.48 
16.94 
Massachusetts, 
22,507 
9.50 
19.00 
18.82 
Rhode Island, 
3,502 
9.63 
19.26 
18.74 
Connecticut, 
6,596 
8.52 
17.04 
17.07 
New England, 
45,310 
9.27 
18.54 
18 50 
The foregoing marriage rates are generally higher than those of 
other countries having registration, as shown in table IV., p. 15. 
Marriages by Months. 
In table VI are presented the statistics of marriages by months 
in four of the states, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
and Rhode Island, by which it appears that the greatest number 
of marriages in any month in these states was celebrated in 17 
s 
C 
c 
<v 
rP> 
g 
c3 
3 
£ 
3 
2 
<o 
p 
March 
April. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
Augus 
<v 
<v 
VI 
£> 
O 
o 
O 
> 
o 
s 
o 
CP 
P 
13 
+5 
O 
H 
Maine 
321 
334 
322 
456 
390 
542 
444 
437 
567 
569 
698 
608 
38 
5,726 
66. G 
74.1 
66.8 
97.8 
80.9 
116.3 
92 1 
90.7 
121.6 
118.1 
149.7 
126.2 
New Hampshire. 
2S5 
303 
237 
313 
300 
409 
268 
278 
396 
441 
445 
360 
39 
4,074 
83.4 
94 8 
69.4 
94.6 
87.8 
123.6 
78.4 
81.3 
,120.0 
129.0 
131.6 
105.3 
Massachusetts .. 
1,633 
85.6 
1,719 
96.4 
1,037 
54.4 
1,791 
97.1 
1,657 
86.9 
2,690 
145 8 
1,493 
78.3 
1,597 
83.7 
2,179 
118.1 
2,455 
128.8 
2,716 
147.2 
00' 
5 
22,507 
Rhode Island ... 
275 
2S9 
180 
268 
259 
429 
218 
246 
320 
408 
382 
228 
— 
3,502 
92.7 
104.2 
60.7 
93.4 
87.4 
149 5 
73.5 
83.0 
111 6 
137.6 
133.1 
76.9 
Four States.. 
2,514 
2,645 
1,776 
2,828 
2,606 
4,070 
2,423 
2,558 
3,462 
3,873 
4,241 
2,731 
82 
35,809 
83.1 
93.4 
58.7 
96.6 
86.1 
139.0 
80.0 
84.4 
118.2 
128.0 
144.8 
90.3 
The first line of figures for each State and for the four States represents the number of marriages in each month, and 
the second line of smaller figures shows the intensity of the marriage rate in each month, as compared with a monthly 
mean of 100. The effect of the unequal length of the months is eliminated. 
Marriages by Months—1892. 
(Four States.) 
TABLE VI. 18 
the month of November, as well as for each one of these states, 
except Rhode Island, in which the greatest number occurred in 
June. The months having the next greatest number were 
December in Maine, October in New Hampshire and Rhode 
Island, and June in Massachusetts. 
For these four states the month having the least number 
was March, and for the separate states, January in Maine, and 
March in each of the remaining states. 
For the sake of comparison, these figures are reproduced 
according to the method employed in the Registrar General’s 
Report of England (1892) by quarters of the year. 
Quarter Ending. 
England 
55 years, 
1838-1892. 
England, 
1892. 
New England, 
1892. 
March, 
13.2 
117 
14.7 
June, 
16.4 
16.4 
20.2 
September, 
15.6 
15.1 
17 9 
December, 
19.1 
17.8 
23.0 
Mean of whole period, 
16.1 
15.4 
18.5* 
PERSONS MARRIED TO EACH 1,000 LIVING. 
* This average refers to all New England: — for the four states embraced in 
this monthly table the average was 18.9. 
In summing up this subject, in a recent work, Dr. Leffingwell says: 
“ Religious and social customs intervene in most civilized countries, and create 
prejudices for or against the celebration of marriage during particular seasons 
of the year. 
In France and Italy the majority of nuptials are in February. In Ireland, 
particularly in the west and south, more than half the Catholic marriages are 
celebrated between Christmas and Shrovetide. In Scotland there is a strong 
prejudice against marrying in May. Agricultural populations object to the 
season of harvest and defer such ceremonies till October and November. 
In Russia more than three-fourths of all marriages occur in autumn and 
winter.” 
“ Influence of seasons on Conduct.”—Leffingwvili,. 19 
Under 20. 
20-30. 
i 
30-40. 
40-50. 
50-G0. 
60-70. 
70 80. 
Over 
80. 
Age 
not 
stated 
Totals. 
M. 
F. 
M 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
Maine | 
194 
1,621 
3,724 
3,118 
1,066 
580 
378 
216 
180 
96 
93 
27 
33 
3 
3 
1 
55 
64 
| 5,726 
New Hampshire | 
184 
1,109 
2,652 
2,241 
743 
450 
253 
154 
133 
70 
72 
27 
24 
3 
31 
20 
| 4,074 
Massachusetts .. j 
427 
3,607 
15,577 
15,306 
4,472 
2,625 
1,239 
700 
513 
193 
214 
66 
58 
9 
5 
2 
1 
} 22,507 
Rhode Island... | 
81 
587 
2,431 
2,309 
1,065 
456 
214 
109 
66 
29 
37 
7 
7 
1 
5 
\ 3,502 
Connecticut .... j 
119 
1,015 
4,594 
4,517 
1,270 
761 
356 
206 
159 
47 
73 
45 
24 
4 
1 
i 
| 6,596 
Five States 
1,005 
7,939 
28,978 
27,491 
8,616 
4,872 
2,440 
1,385 
1,051 
435 
489 
172 
146 
19 
9 
1 
71 
91 
42,405 
Marriages by Ages —1892. 
(.Five States.') 
TABLE VII. 20 
Marriages by Ages — Table VII. 
Of the whole number of men married in New England in 
1892, whose ages were known, 97 per cent, were between the 
ages of 20 and 60 years. 
Of the whole number of women, whose ages were known, 
80.8 per cent, were between the ages of 20 and 60 years. 
Sixty-eight and four tenths per cent, of the men and 64.9 
per cent of the women were between the ages of 20 and 30 
years 
Early Marriages. 
Two and four tenths per cent, of the men who were married, 
whose ages were known, and 18.8 per cent, of the women were 
under 20 years of age. 
The highest per cent, of men married (4.5), who were under 
20, was in New Hampshire, and the lowest (1.8) was in Con- 
necticut. 
The highest per cent, of females married under 20 (27.6) was 
in Maine, that of New Hampshire for the same class being nearly 
the same (27.3); and the lowest per cent of females married 
(of the same class, 15.4) was in Connecticut. 
One and five tenths per cent, of the men marrried, whose 
ages were known, and less than five tenths of one per cent, of 
the women married were over 60 years of age. 
The highest percentage of men married, who were more than 
60 years of age, was 2.36 and was in New Hampshire; and 
the lowest percentage of the same class was in Massachusetts 
(1.23). 
The highest ratio of females of this class who were married 
was seven tenths of one per cent, and this percentage prevailed 
both in New Hampshire and in Connecticut, and the lowest 
(two tenths of one per cent.) was in Rhode Island. 
late Marriages. 
Marriages by Nativity— Table VIII 
Considerable importance, possibly an undue amount, has 
been attached to the term “ nativity ” as employed in American 21 
State. 
Bride and 
Groom 
Native. 
Bride and 
Groom 
Foreign. 
Groom 
Bride 
Unknown 
Total. 
Percentages of Persons 
Married. 
Native. | Foreign. 
Maine 
New Hampshire 
Vermont 
Massachusetts 
Rhode Island 
Connecticut. 
3565 
2437 
* 
10,032 
1672 
3529 
43S 
856 
7647 
1100 
1958 
272 
318 
*. 
2558 
343 
532 
330 
278 
* 
2269 
387 
576 
1121 
185 
12 
1 
1 
5726 
4074 
2905* 
22,507 
3502 
6596 
84.0 16.0 
70.3 29.7 
85.9 14.1 
55.3 44.7 
58.2 41.8 
67.6 > 32.4 
New England (Persons 
Married.) 
Native i Foreign 
55,303 32,677 
2640 
90,620 
62.9 37.1 
* The statistics of Vermont upon this point are specified only with regard to the number of persons married of each class without refer- 
ence to the number of marriages. There were 4970 persons married of 
native birth and 810 of foreign birth, and 24 in which the nativitv was 
unknown. 
The unknown are excluded in estimating the percentages in the last two columns. 
Marriages by Nativity—1892. 
TABLE VIII. 22 
StatisticalfDocuments. It should be borne in mind, however, 
that nearly the entire population of New England is derived 
from races foreign to the soil. Those whose ancestry in this 
country dates back to the early history of the colonies count 
but nine or ten generations at the longest. 
The term “ nativity ”, therefore, conveys but little meaning, 
when applied to percentages comprising portions of the popula- 
tion, since it has reference to the persons of a single generation, 
without regard to their parentage or ancestry, immediate or 
remote. The term “parent-nativity” embraces only one 
more generation, while there are no statistics which include 
generations earlier than the parents. 
In the statistics of marriages on page 21 the term “ nativity ” 
is employed with reference only to the persons married and has 
no relation to their parentage. 
The statistics embraced in this table show that the total 
number of marriages in New England in 1892 was 45,810, or 
90,620 persons. Of this number, the nativity of 2640 was un- 
specified ; 55,308 were natives, or 62.9 per cent, of those whose 
nativity was specified; and 32,677, or 37.1 were of foreign 
birth. 
The percentages in the last two columns of table VIII. show 
that the highest ratio of persons of native birth married in 1892 
was in Vermont, and the least in Massachusetts. 
DIVORCES. 
This portion of the summary will necessarily be less complete 
in detail than those portions which relate to vital statistics, prop- 
erly so-called, in consequence of a greater want of uniformity 
in the methods of collection of the returns of divorces in the 
different states. 
Divorce statistics were not introduced into the Registration 
Reports of any of the States until a comparatively recent 
period, but they now form a part of these reports in each one of 
the New England States. 
The whole number of divorces granted in New England in 23 
1892 was 2,653, and these were distributed as follows. The 
numbers for 1891 are also presented, except those of Maine : 
1892. 1891. 
Maine .... 552 * 
New Hampshire . 347 412 
Vermont . . . 167 165 
1892. 1891. 
Massachusetts 790 799 
Rhode Island. 296 275 
Connecticut . 501 . 475 
Totals. . . 2,653 2,126 
Relative Distribution. 
In the following table Column 1 presents the number of 
divorces granted in each 10,000 of the population in 1892. 
Column 2 presents the number granted as compared with each 
100 marriages in 1892; and the same ratios for 1891 are given 
in Column 3: 
Divorces in New England — Relative Distribution. 
States. 
1 
Number in each 
10,000 of 
population. 
2 
Number in 
100 
marriages. 
3 
Number in 
100 
marriages. 
1802. 
1892. 
1891. 
Maine 
8.3 
9.6 
• • • 
New Hampshire . 
9.0+ 
8.5 
10.5 
Vermont 
5.0 
5.7 
5.9 
Massachusetts . . . 
3.3 
3.5 
3.7 
Rhode Island .... 
8.1 
8.4 
8.3 
Connecticut .... 
6.5 
7.6 
7.3 
New England . . . 
5.4 
5.8 
5.6 
By this table it appears that the highest number granted in 
1892 as compared with the population was in New Hampshire 
(9.05 per 10,000), and the lowest was in Massachusetts (3.8.) 
As compared with the number of marriages the highest per- 
centage in 1892 was in Maine (9.(5), and the lowest percentage 
was in Massachusetts (3 5.) 24 
Sex of Libellants in Cases where Divorces were Granted. 
This is presented in four states only, — Maine, New Hamp- 
shire, Vermont and Massachusetts. 
The figures are as follows : — 
States. 
Men. 
Women. 
Total. 
Ratio of 
men to 100 
women. 
Maine ...... 
142 
410 
552 
35 
New Hampshire . . . 
103 
244 
347 
42 
Vermont 
53 
114 
167 
46 
Massachusetts . . . 
246 
544 
790 
45 
Total 
544 
1,312 
1,856 
41 
The mean ratio of male to female libellants was 11 to 100. 
The greatest difference in the numbers of the sexes of libellants 
was in Maine (35 men to 100 women), and the least difference 
was in Vermont (46 men to 100 women.) 
Legal Causes of Divorce, 
The following table presents the statutory causes for which 
divorces mav be granted in the New England states. Some of 
these causes are very rarely presented for the purpose of obtain- 
ing divorce: — 
Causes for which Divorces may he granted in the New England 
States. 
The following are the principal causes for which divorces 
may be granted in the New England States : — 
Maine.—Adultery ; extreme cruelty ; impotence ; utter deser- 
tion for three years next prior to filing of libel; gross and con- 
firmed habits of intoxication ; cruel and abusive treatment; gross 
or wanton neglect or refusal to provide maintenance for wife; 
nullity of marriage. 
New Hampshire. — Divorce may be granted to either party 
for adultery ; impotence ; extreme cruelty ; conviction of crime 
punishable by imprisonment for more than one year and actual 25 
imprisonment; treatment injurious to health, treatment to en- 
danger reason ; absence for three years together and not heard 
from ; habitual drunkenness for three years ; joining a religious 
sect which professes to believe the relation of husband and wife 
unlawful; refusal to cohabit; abandonment for three years ; nul- 
lity of marriage ; also to the wife if husband has been willingly 
absent fdr three years without making provision for support of 
wife ; to the husband, if wife has willingly absented herself for 
three years; if wife has gone out of state and remained away 
for three years; to the wife, if wife of an alien has lived in 
New Hampshire for three years, and husband has left the 
United States to become a citizen of some foreign country and 
has not returned. 
Vermont. To either party for adultery ; imprisonment for 
life, intolerable severity; wilful desertion for three years, or for 
seven years, and not heard from. 
To wife, if husband, being able, grossly or wantonly and 
cruelly neglects to maintain her. 
Massachusetts. To either party for adultery ; impotence ; ex- 
treme cruelty; utter desertion for three consecutive years next 
prior to filing of the libel; gross and confirmed habits of intoxi- 
cation ; cruel and abusive treatment. 
To the wife, when the husband, being sufficiently able, grossly 
or wantonly refuses or neglects to provide suitable maintenance 
for her. 
Also, when either party has separated from the other without 
his or her consent, and has united with a religious sect or soci- 
ety that professes to believe the relation of husband and wife 
void or unlawful, and has so continued for three years, and 
meantime refuses to cohabit. 
Or when either party has been sentenced to imprisonment at 
hard labor for life, or for five years or more. Gross and con- 
firmed drunkenness from opium and other drugs. 
Rhode Island. To either party for adultery ; impotence ; ex- 
treme cruelty ; wilful desertion for five years ; or for a shorter 
time in the discretion of the court; continued drunkenness; 26 
when either party is deemed to be (on account of punishment 
for crime), civilly’dead, or is presumed to be naturally dead, for 
other gross misbehevior, or wickedness of either party. 
To the wife, for neglect or refusal, on the part of husband, 
being able, to provide for her. 
Connecticut Adultery ; fraudulent contract; wilful desertion 
for three years with total neglect of duty ; seven years’ absence ; 
during which period the absent party has not been heard from ; 
habitual intemperance ; intolerable cruelty ; sentence to impris- 
onment for life; any infamous crime involving a violation of 
conjugal duty. 
In the following table are presented the statistics of divorces 
granted in New England by causes for the year 1892, for the 
states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and 
Connecticut. 
1 Per- 
Causes. 
Maine. 
N. H. 
vt. 
Mass. 
Conn. 
Total. 
ce’t’ce. 
Adultery 
70 
75 
27 
166 
82 
420 
17.8 
Desertion 
181 
143* 
78* 
376 
219 
997 
42.5 
Intoxication or habit- 
• 
ual drunkenness . . 
82 
22 
— 
104 
105 
313 
13.3 
Cruel and abusive 
treatment . ,. . . 
115 
— 
— 
86 
— 
201 
8.5 
Extreme cruelty . . 
— 
89 
42 
18 
69 
218 
9.2 
Neglect to provide for 
wife . . ... 
17 
— 
11 
29 
— 
. 57 
2.4 
Imprisonment . . . 
— 
2 
1 
4 
— 
7 
.3 
Nullity of marriage 
4 
2 
— 
6 
— 
12 
.5 
All other causes* . . 
83 
14 
8 
1 
26 
132* 
5.5 
522 
347 
167 
790 
501 
2,357 
100.0 
CAUSES OF DIVORCE, 1892. 
Note. New Hampshire.— These 143 cases included in the title “ Desertion ” 
include 14 classed as granted “ for three years’ absence.” Vermont.—Seventy- 
eight divorces for “desertion and wilful desertion 42 divorces for “ intoler- 
able severity. The title, “ All other causes,” embraces several divorces in 
which a combination of causes was alleged in the application. 27 
Marriages of the Divorced. 
The following additional information is contained in the re- 
ports of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut: — 
MARRIAGES OF TEIE DIVORCED, 1892. 
Men. 
Women. 
Total. 
New Hampshire 
86 
90 
176 
Rhode Island .... 
59 
78 
137 
Connecticut .... 
151 
159 ' 
310 
296 
327 
623 
BIRTHS. 
In accordance with common practice, the term births in this 
summary means living births. Still-births are, therefore, con- 
sidered in a separate category, since they form no addition to 
the living population. Likewise, as deaths they subtract noth- 
ing from the living population ; hence they are not included in 
the death-rate. 
The term birth-rate also means the ratio of children born 
alive to the living population for the same reason. 
The number of births registered in New England in 1892 
was 121,353, and the birth-rate was 24.8.* 
The highest birth-rate was in Massachusetts (27.8) and the 
lowest (19.1) was that of New Hampshire.* 
*Note—It is probable that in the two states, Maine and New Hampshire, in 
which Registration has been operative for a shorter time than it lias in the four 
other states, the registration of births is considerably defective. For example, 
the registered births in the thriving manufacturing cities of Manchester, Dover, 
Portsmouth, Portland and Auburn, having a population of over 114,000 in 1800, 
were only 2,445 in 1892, while the deaths in the same year were 2,543. Making 
due allowance for growth of population these indicated a birth-rate of about 20.5 
and a death-rate of about 21.5. A population of this character should have 
had a birth-rate of not less than 27 per 1000, and there was probably a deficiency 
in registration of not less than 800 births in these cities. Making due allowance 
for increase of population there was probably a deficiency of about 3,300 births 
in Maine and 2,000 births in New Hampshire. The addition of these numbers 
would raise the birth-rate of Maine to 23.4 and that of New Hampshire to 25.1 
and the combined birth-rate of New England to 25.9. States. 
LIVING BIRTHS. 
Still Births. 
Whole 
Number. 
Sex. 
Parentage. 
Plural Births. 
ILLEGITIMATE. 
Male. 
Female. 
a 
Both 
Native. 
Both 
Foreign. 
Native 
Mother. 
Native 
Father. 
Not 
stated. 
Total. 
Male. 
Female. 
Un- 
known. 
Total. 
Male. 
Female. 
Un- 
known. 
Total. 
Male. 
Female. 
P 1 
13 758 
7 038 
6,634 
86 
8 680 
2,590 
883 
945 
921 
276 
131 
139 
6 
270 
146 
96 
28 
7 327 
3 688 
3,576 
63 
3 646 
2,727 
564 
541 
268 
fl79 
100 
78 
1 
419 
217 
164 
j ' *• 
38 
Vermont 
6,558 
3,365 
3,187 
6 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
124 
70 
54 
71 
17 
54 
237 
122 
99 
16 
Massachusetts .. 
65,824 
33,758 
31,951 
115 
21,800 
29,895 
6,767 
6,919 
443 
tll68 
579 
589 
990 
507 
472 
11 
2,293 
1,370 
845 
78 
8 800 
4,548 
4,351 
2 056 
4,102 
876 
875 
168 
92 
76 
95 
42 
53 
371 
217 
154 
Connecticut 
18,987 
9,653 
9,220 
114 
7,890 
7,609 
1,679 
1,441 
377 
t401 
205 
195 
1 
196 
in 
85 
763 
456 
298 
9- 
121 353 
62,050 
58,010 
384 
1 
2,316 
1,177 
1,131 
8 
4,353 
2,528 
1,656 
169- 
•The figures for Vermont are given without reference to “ mixed” parentagage, and are stated as follows : American, 5,090: Foreign, 1,423: 
Unknown. 45. 
t Includes one case of triplets 
in New Hampshire, eight cases in Massachusetts, and one case in Connecticut, 
the remainder being twins. 
TABLE IX. 
Births — 1892. 29 
The following table presents the births and birth-rates in New 
England in 1892: 
BIRTHS AND BIRTH-RATES IN NEW ENGLAND IN 1892. 
States. 
Maine . 
Registered living 
births, 1892. 
13 758 
Birth-rates, 
1892. 
20 7 
Birth-rates, 
1891. 
New Hampshire 
7,327 
19.1 
19.2 
Vermont 
6,558 
19 7 
20.0 
Massachusetts . . . 
65,824 
' 27.8 
27.4 
Rhode Island . . . 
8,899 
24.5— 
25.8 
Connecticut .... 
18,987 
24.5+ 
23.5 
121,353 
24.8 
252 
Births by Sexes—Table IX. 
Of the whole number ofliving births, in which the sex was 
known, 62,050 were boys and 58,919 were girls, being in the 
ratio of 1,053 males to 1,000 females. The ratios in the dif- 
ferent states were as follows, to 1,000 females in each: Maine, 
1,061; New Hampshire, 1,031; Vermont, 1,056 ; Massachusetts, 
1,057 ; Rhode Island, 1,045 and Connecticut, 1,047. 
In England, for the period of 54 years, 1838-’91, the ratio 
was 1,043 males to 1,000 females, but the difference has 
diminished with considerable uniformity from 1,052 in the five- 
year period (1841-’45) to 1,036 in the period (1886-’90). 
The proportion of male to female births in other foreign 
countries was as follows for the ten-year period, 1870-’79: 
(Newsholme.) 
Males born to every 1000 females born: 
Italy, 1,071 
Austria, 1,068 
France, 1,064 
Switzerland, 1,063 
German Empire, 1,062 
Holland, 1,061 
Belgium, 1,059 
Scotland, 1,057 
Ireland, 1,056. 
Births—Parent Nativity.—Out of 113,484 registered births in 
the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 30 
Island and Connecticut, 44,981 or 89.7 per cent, were of native 
parentage, 47,013 or 41.4 per cent, were of foreign parentage, 
and 21,490 were of mixed parentage (foreign father and native 
mother, or native father and foreign mother.) 
[The returns of Rhode Island and Connecticut are not strictly 
comparable in this particular, with those of the other states, but 
the discrepancy (which cannot readily be eliminated) would 
only affect the result to a very slight degree.] 
In the returns of Vermont, not included in the foregoing 
figures, no account is taken of births of mixed parentage, and 
the figures are as follows for births, the parentage of which was 
known: American, 5,090 or 78.2 per cent; foreign, 1,423 or 
21.8 per cent. 
The proportion of children born of native and of foreign 
parentage differed considerably in the different states, the 
figures being as follows :— 
Parentage of Children Born Alive. — Percentages, 
Of Native 
Parentage. 
Of Foreign 
Parentage. 
Mixed 
Parentage. 
Maine . . . . 
66.3 
19.8 
13.9 
New Hampshire . 
48.8 
36.5 
14.7 
Massachusetts . 
33.4 
45.7 
20.9 
Rhode Island . . 
33.2 
47.2 
19.6 
Connecticut . . 
42.4 
40.9 
16.7 
New England . 
39.7 
41.4 
18.9 
No true estimate of the relative fecundity of the native and 
foreign-born population can be made from these figures since, 
as Dr. Newsholme shows, the two classes are not strictly com- 
parable. 
Still births—Table IX.—The total number of still-births regis- 
tered in New England in 1892 was 4,853, being in the ratio of 
35.9 per 1,000 of living births, that of 1891 being 34.8 for all of 
the states except Maine. In the different states these ratios were as follows:— 
Still Births, Ratio per 1000 Living Births. 
1892 1891 
Maine, 19.6 
New Hampshire, 54.1 29.2 
Vermont, 36.1 37.3 
1S92 1891 
Massachusetts, 34.8 35.3 
Rhode Island, 41.7 29.7 
Connecticut, 40.2 37.0 
New England ...... 35.9 34.8 
Of the whole number 2,528 were males and 1,656 were females, 
while the sex of 169 was not stated. The ratio of males to 
females was as 153 of the former to 100 of the latter. The 
least variation in sex was in Vermont, which had a ratio of 123 
still-born males to 100 still-born females, and the greatest in 
Massachusetts, where the ratio was 162 to 100. 
Similar variations are known to prevail elsewhere. Those 
of France, Italy, Belgium, Sweden and Russia being respec- 
tively, 144, 140, 135, 133 and 129 males to 100 females for the 
period 1865-1875. 
Plural Births— Table IX.— The number of registered plural 
births in New England in 1892 was 1,153 and the product of 
such births was 2,316 children, of which number 2,286 were 
twins, and 30 were triplets. 
This was equivalent to one twin birth in 106 cases. Of the 
whole number, 1,177 were boys, 1,131 were girls, and the 
sex of eight was unknown. The ratio of males to females 
differed but little from those of all births, being in the propor- 
tion of 1,041 males to 1,000 females. 
Of the cases of triplets — one occurred in New Hampshire, 
one in Connecticut, and eight in Massachusetts. 
Illegitimacy.— Table IX. 
The facts in relation to illegitimate births are presented in 
the registration returns of four states—Vermont, Massachusetts, 
Rhode Island and Connecticut. In these states returns were 
made of 1,848 illegitimate births, which was in the ratio of 13.4 
per 1,000 living births in these states. 32 
The ratio in the different states was as follows 
In Vermont, 10.2 per 1,000 births. 
In Massachusetts, 15.0 per 1,000 births. 
In Rhode Island, 10.7 per 1,000 births. 
In Connecticut, 10.3 per 1,000 births. 
Of the whole number, 660 were males and 610 were females. 
Illegitimate Birth-Rates in Other Countries. 
Countries. 
Illegitimate 
births per 
1,000 births. 
Countries. 
Illegitimate 
births per 
1,000 births. 
Ireland . 
25 
Norway . . . 
82 
Russia .... 
28 
Scotland . . . 
84 
Holland .... 
30 
German Empire 
89 
Switzerland . 
47 
Denmark . . . 
101 
England and Wales 
48 
Sweden . . . 
101 
Italy 
73 
Saxony . . . 
127 
France .... 
74 
Bavaria . . . 
132 
Belgium .... 
77 
Austria . . . 
143 
(From 
Bertillon.) 
Births hy months.— In table X are presented the number 
of registered births by months in each of five states to- 
gether with the aggregates for New England. By this table 
it appears that the greatest number of births occurred in July 
(10,220) and the next greatest number was in December; the 
least number occurred in February and the next lowest number 
was in June. 
In order to estimate the actual intensity of the birth-rate at 
different seasons of the year, the effect of the inequalities in the 
length of the months has here been eliminated by comparing 
the births in each month with a daily mean for the whole year 
and reducing this to a standard mean of 100. 
For example, the lower line should read as follows:— For 
each 100 births which occurred in New England in 1892, in a 
mean monthly period of uniform length, there were 95.1 
births in January, 98.3 in February, etc., in a similar period. 33 
January. 
February. 
March. 
April. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
August. 
September. 
October. 
November. 
December. 
Unknown. 
Total. 
Maine 
984 
84.8 
1,098 
101.2 
1,317 
113.5 
1,250 
111.3 
1,297 
111.8 
1,156 
102.9 
1,197 
103.1 
1,168 
100.7 
1,132 
100.8 
1,031 
88.9 
981 
87.4 
1,086 
93.6 
61 
13,758 
New Hampshire. 
591 
95.5 
591 
102.1 
622 
100.5 
616 
102.8 
689 
111.3 
620 
103.5 
626 
101.1 
600 
96.9 
579 
96.7 
586 
94.7 
594 
99.2 
594 
96.0 
19 
7,327 
Massachusetts... 
5,426 
97.3 
5,043 
96.6 
5,43S 
97.5 
5,220 
96.8 
5,342 
95.8 
5,129 
95.1 
5,895 
105.7 
5,833 
104.7 
5,590 
103.6 
5,330 
95.6 
5,576 
103.4 
5,990 
107.4 
12 
65,824 
Bhode Island ... 
771 
98.2 
6S0 
92.6 
782 
99.6 
691 
90.9 
770 
98.1 
718 
94.5 
840 
107.0 
816 
103.9 
766 
100.8 
775 
98.7 
761 
100.2 
900 
114.6 
9,270 
Connecticut 
1,503 
93.5 
1,561 
103.8 
1,668 
103.7 
1,542 
99.1 
1,596 
99.3 
1,471 
94.5 
1,662 
103.4 
1,700 
105.7 
1,550 
99.6 
1,502 
93.4 
1,587 
102.0 
1,640 
102.0 
5 
18,987 
Five States... 
9,275 
95.1 
8,973 
98.3 
9,827 
100.7 
9,319 
98.7 
9,694 
99.4 
9,094 
96.3 
10,220 
104.8 
10,117 
103.7 
9,617 
101.9 
9,224 
94.6 
9,499 
100.6 
10,210 
104.7 
97 
115,166 
Note.—The same plan is adopted for expressing the seasonal intensity of the birth-rate, 
figures for each state and for New England is compared with a monthly mean of 100. 
as in table VI., p. 17. The second line of 
Births by Months —1892. 
(jFive States.') 
Still-births excluded (except in Bhode Island). 
TABLE X. 34 
The total number of deaths registered in New England in 
1892 was 97,134 and the estimated death-rate per 1,000 of the 
living population was 19.93. 
The highest death-rate (20.6) was that of Massachusetts and 
the lowest (18.3) was that of Maine. 
DEATHS. 
DEATHS AND DEATH-RATES IN THE NEW ENGLAND STATES, 
1892. 
States. 
Deaths, 
1802. 
Death-rates per 1,000 inhabitants, 
1802. 1801. 
Maine 
12,147 
18.3 
■ 
New Hampshire . . 
7,699 
20.1 
18.7 
Vermont 
6,960 
18.6 
16.2 
Massachusetts . . . 
48,762 
20.6 
19.6 
Rhode Island . . . 
7,396 
20.3 
18.7 
Connecticut .... 
15,170 
19.6 
18.9 
New England . . 
97,134 
19.9 
19.0 
Sex— The deaths of males in New England were 48,922, 
those of females were 48,140 and the sex of 72 was unknown 
or not stated. 
Estimating the sexes in the living population to have main- 
tained the same ratio as in the census year 1890, namely, males 
49.22 per cent, and females 50.78 per cent., or about 1,082 
females to 1,000 males, the death-rate of males was 20.8 per 
1,000 of living males and those of females was 19.4 per 1,000 
of living females, and those of the states were as follows:— 
Males. 
Females. 
Maine 
17.8 
18.7 
New Hampshire . . . 
20.1 
20.1 
Vermont 
17.4 
18.4 
Massachusetts . . . 
21.4 
19.8 
Rhode Island .... 
21.1 
19.7 
Connecticut .... 
20.5 
18.7 
New England . . . 
20.4 
194 35 
Total. 
Male. 
Female. 
Unknown. 
Nativity. 
Native. 
Foreign. 
Unknown. 
Maine 
12,147 
5939 
6175 
33 
10,194 
1267 
686 
New Hampshire 
7699 
3811 
3880 
8 
6155 
934 
899 
Vermont 
5960 
2945 
2994 
21 
- 
- 
- 
Massachusetts 
48,762 
24,643 
24,119 
- 
35,097 
13,044 
621 
Rhode Island 
7396 
3725 
3671 
- 
[3216] 
[4180] 
- 
Connecticut 
15,170 
7859 
7301 
10 
11,225 
3654 
291 
iri > ft 
97,134 
48,922 
48,140 
72 
62,671 
18,899 
2497 
The figures for Rhode Island in the nativity columns are not included in the totals, since they refer to parent nativity and not to the 
nativity of the deceased persons. 
TABLE XI. 
Deaths in 1892 — By Sex and Nativity. 
Exclusive of Still-births. 36 
Deaths by Nativity. — The comments made upon the subject 
of Nativity under the head of Marriages and Births, apply 
also to the subject of Deaths. 
From the registered deaths in Maine, New Hampshire, Massa- 
chusetts and Connecticut (table XI) it appears that 62,071 
deaths, or 74.5 per cent., were those of persons of native birth, 
and, 18,899, or 22.5 per cent., were of persons of foreign birth, 
and the nativity of 2,497 was unknown. 
The highest ratio of deaths of persons of native birth in these 
four states was in Maine, (83.5) and the lowest (71.8) was in 
Massachusetts. 
Deaths by Ages. — Of the whole number of deaths registered 
in New England in 1892 (97,345), there were 96,838 whose 
ages were known, and are stated in Table XII. Of this 
number, 19,089 were under 1 year of age, or 19.71 per 
cent. 
There were also 8,025 deaths or 8.29 per cent, in the next 
class or period of life, 1-4 years. The remaining percentages 
may be found in the table. It is quite manifest, however, that 
these figures have but very little value, so long as complete 
census returns of the living population of this district, classified 
by ages, were not obtainable at the time when this summary was 
compiled. 
The fact, for example, that the deaths in Vermont of in- 
fants under 1 year constituted but 16 per cent, of the deaths in 
that state, while those in Rhode Island constituted 22 per 
cent., or that the deaths of persons between 80 and 90 years in 
Vermont were relatively more than double those of Rhode 
Island for the same period of life, has no significance so long as 
we are ignorant of the number of persons living at those ages in 
each state. 
Hence, the only accurate conclusion as to the comparative 
value of the statistics in this table is that which can be made 
from the figures in the first column (infants under 1), by com- 
parison with the births in the same state, and since the returns 
of births in Maine and New Hampshire are manifestly defective, 37 
States. 
Under 1. 
1 
5-10. 
10-20. 
20-30. 
| 30-40. 
£ 
I 
+ 
60-70. 
70-80. 
8 
8 
00 
90-100. 
100+ 
Total. 
Maine 
1,706 
14.18 
672 
5.58 
262 
2.18 
592 
4.92 
973 
8.08 
751 
6.24 
777 
6.46 
1,004 
8.34 
1,498 
12.45 
2,033 
16.89 
1,50(5 
12.50 
255 
2.12 
7 
.06 
111 
12,147 
New Hampshire. 
1,225 
16.23 
602 
6.65 
165 
2.18 
332 
4.40 
506 
6.70 
501 
6.63 
499 
6.61 
(561 
8.76 
975 
12.91 
1,185 
15.70 
864 
11.44 
129 
1.71 
(5 
.08 
149 
7,699 
Vermont 
981 
16.05 
325 
5.31 
168 
2.74 
271 
4.42 
407 
6.65 
377 
6 15 
376 
6.14 
457 
7.46 
780 
12.74 
1,070 
17.47 
77(5 
12.67 
135 
2.20 
42 
6,165 
Massachusetts... 
10,649 
21.90 
4,576 
9.41 
1,425 
2.93 
2,140 
4.40 
4,391 
9.03 
3,915 
8.05 
3,704 
7.62 
4,148 
8.53 
4,957 
10.19 
5,116 
10.52 
3,098 
6.37 
496 
1.02 
13 
.03 
134 
48,762 
Rhode Island.... 
1,627 
22.04 
663 
8.98 
186 
2.52 
344 
4.66 
615 
8.33 
(505 
8.19 
596 
8.07 
666 
9.02 
810 
10.97 
735 
9.96 
463 
6.27 
73 
.99 
19 
7,402 
Connecticut 
2,901 
1.92 
1,287 
8.5 
534 
3.53 
663 
4.88 
1,236 
8.19 
1,210 
8.00 
1,109 
7.35 
1,339 
8.85 
1,703 
12.50 
1,776 
11.74 
1,129 
7.45 
222 
1.47 
9 
52 
15,170 
New England. 
19,089 
19 71 
8,025 
8.29 
2,740 
2.83 
4,342 
4.49 
8,128 
8.39 
7,359 
7.60 
7,061 
7.29 
8,275 
8.55 
10,723 
11.07 
11,915 
12.30 
7,8:36 
8 09 
1,310 
1.35 
35 
.04 
507 
97,345 
The percentages are of the total mortality of those whose ages are known. 
Death by Ages — 1892. 
TABLE XII. 38 
J anuary. 
February. 
March. 
1 
April. 
May. 
June. 
13 
•“5 
August. 
September. 
October. 
November. 
December. 
Unknown. 
Total. 
Maine 
1,577 
153.9 
1,292 
134.8 
1,095 
106.8 
1,048 
105.7 
1,045 
102.0 
833 
84.1 
866 
84.5 
938 
91.5 
976 
98.4 
844 
82.4 
790 
79.7 
793 
77 4 
50 
12,147 
New Hampshire. 
1,345 
206.7 
694 
114.0 
648 
99.6 
607 
96.4 
569 
87.4 
469 
74.5 
625 
96.1 
660 
101.4 
558 
88.6 
511 
78.5 
515 
81.8 
482 
74.1 
17 
7,699 
Massachusetts... 
6,309 
152.7 
3,896 
100.8 
4,161 
100.7 
3,990 
99.8 
3,786 
91.6 
3,197 
80.0 
4,565 
110.5 
4,717 
114.1 
3,664 
91.6 
3,484 
84.4 
3,357 
84.0 
3,636 
88.0 
48,762 
Rhode Island ... 
926 
147.8 
595 
101.5 
582 
92.9 
559 
92.2 
561 
89.6 
504 
83.1 
812 
129.6 
739 
118.0 
609 
100.5 
490 
78 2 
491 
81.0 
528 
84.3 
7,396 
Connecticut..... 
1,986 
154.6 
1,316 
109.5 
1,318 
102.2 
1,159 
93.2 
1,175 
91.4 
929 
74.7 
1,506 
117.2 
1,440 
112.1 
1,102 
88.6 
1,141 
88.8 
1,037 
83.4 
1,062 
82.7 
4 
15,170 
Five States.... 
12,143 
157.3 
7,793 
107.9 
7,799 
101.0 
7,363 
98.5 
7,136 
92.5 
5,932 
79 4 
8,374 
108.5 
8,494 
110.0 
6,909 
92.5 
6,470 
83.8 
6,190 
82 9 
6,501 
84.2 
71 
91,174 
Note.—For explanation of figures in 
small type see tables VI. and X 
Deaths by Months —1892. 
(Five States.') 
TABLE XIII. 39 
State. 
Persons married to 1000 living. 
Quarter ending 
Births to 1000 living. 
Quarter ending 
Deaths to 1000 living. 
Quarter ending 
March 
June 
Sept. 
Dec. 
March 
June 
Sept. 
Dec. 
March 
June 
Sept. 
Dec. 
Maine 
11.78 
16.73 
17.46 
22.61 
20.49 
22.32 
21.08 
18.67 
23.90 
17.64 
16.76 
14.63 
New Hampshire 
17.24 
21.35 
19.68 
26.03 
18.85 
20.11 
18.85 
18.53 
28.07 
17.18 
19.25 
15.75 
Massachusetts 
14.81 
20.72 
17.79 
22.64 
26.85 
26.49 
29.23 
28.52 
24.25 
18.53 
21.85 
17.68 
Rhode Island 
16.37 
21.04 
17.25 
22.40 
24.57 
23.98 
26.65 
26.80 
23.14 
17.87 
23.77 
16.60 
Connecticut 
- 
- 
- 
- 
24.46 
23.82 
25.39 
24.44 
23.85 
16.86 
20.92 
16.75 
Four states 
Five states 
14.68 
20.11 
17.86 
22.95 
24.66 
24.69 
26.30 
25.41 
24.36 
17.94 
20.88 
16.83 
TABLE XIV. 40 
the comparison can only be correctly made in the remaining 
states. In these states the ratio of the deaths of infants under 
1 to the births was as follows: — 
In Vermont, 149.6 per 1,000 births. 
In Massachusetts, 161.8 per 1,000 births. 
In Rhode Island, 175.5 per 1,000 births. 
In Connecticut, 152.8 per 1,000 births. 
Seasonal Mortality. — In Table XIII. are presented the statis- 
tics of deaths by months in each of the five states for the year 
1892. By this table it appears that in each state, as well as in 
the whole group, the greatest mortality occurred in January 
(the month in which influenza prevailed to its greatest extent.) 
The percentage of the yearly mortality in this month was 
17.5 in New Hampshire, or nearly double that of any other 
month of the year. 
The lowest mortality, 6.5 per cent, of the yearly deaths, was 
in June. This month also had the lowest mortality in New 
Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, while the lowest 
mortality in Maine was in November and December, and in 
Rhode Island in October and November. 
In Table XIV. are presented the birth and death-rates for each 
quarter and each state except Vermont, and the quarterly mar- 
riage rate for each state except Vermont and Connecticut, and 
for these states collectively. 
Causes of Death. 
It will be impossible in this summary to state with any 
degree of accuracy the number of deaths in New England, from 
unknown, unspecified and ill-defined causes, for the reason that 
in the different states the deaths embraced in these terms, are 
variously classified. In some states, for example, the deaths 
registered as due to heart failure are embraced in this term, in 
another the deaths from sunstroke, in some the deaths from 
tumor, hemorrhage, etc., so that it is impossible to state the 41 
number which should be embraced in these terms. It is also 
true that indefinite terms like “ cephalitis ” should be dropped 
and replaced by some intelligible names. From this cause one 
person is said to have died in Vermont in 1892 and 1,436 in 
Massachusetts. No just comparison could, therefore, be made 
of statistics relating to diseases of such uncertain and indefinite 
nomenclature. 
On the other hand, the deaths from specified causes, and 
especially those from infectious diseases, are undoubtedly quite 
trustworthy and those of one state are comparable with those 
of another as well as with those of other countries. For this 
reason no attempt is here made to present a complete tabular list 
of all diseases, since, in one state, one classification prevails, and 
in another state another and more recent classification is in 
use. That of Dr. Farr is still in use, where it was first adopted, 
while states in which registration is of more recent date, have 
made commendable changes. It is quite plain that the rapid 
progress of medical science demands a change in the nosology 
in use in some of the states. 
The plan adopted in this summary is simply that of compar- 
ing separately the statistics of the causes of death from certain 
diseases which are recognized as preventable, destructive, and 
dangerous to the public health, together with certain other 
causes which are of public interest and importance, or possibly 
have a local, or temporary, character. Most of the infectious 
diseases are embraced in the table. The statistics of well-de- 
fined diseases of this character may be considered as reasonably 
accurate. 
In table XV., the figures presented are the number of deaths 
in each state in 1892 from each of certain causes, together with 
the ratio per 10,000 of the living population of each state. The 
totals and means for New England are also given. 
Small pox.— There were only 10 registered deaths from small- 
pox in New England in 1892. Two of these occurred in Massa- 
chusetts, 4 in Rhode Island, and 4 in Connecticut. The death- 
rate per 10,000 of the estimated living population of New 
England from this cause was .02. 42 
Diseases or Causes of 
Death. 
Maine. 
New Hamp- 
shire. 
Vermont. 
Mass. 
R 
I. 
Connecticut. 
New 
England. 
Deaths. 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
D’ths 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
D’ths 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
Deaths. 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
D’ths 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
Deaths. 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
Deaths. 
Per 
10,000 
Living. 
Small-pox 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
2 
.01 
4 
.1 
4 
.05 
10 
.02 
Measles 
29 
.4 
24 
.6 
8 
.2 
88 
.4 
28 
.8 
49 
.6 
226 
.5 
Scarlet Fever 
36 
.5 
27 
.7 
43 
1.3 
669 
2.8 
67 
1.8 
280 
3.6 
1,122 
2.3 
Diphtheria and Croup 
212 
3.2 
179 
4.7 
187 
5.6 
1,455 
6.1 
178 
4.9 
542 
7.0 
2,750 
5.6 
Typhoid Fever 
286 
4.3 
108 
2.8 
121 
3.6 
827 
3.5 
139 
3.8 
331 
4.3 
1,812 
3.7 
Cholera Infantum 
546 
8.2 
366 
9.5 
211 
6.3 
2,898 
12.2 
632 
17.4 
968 
12.5 
5,621 
11.5 
Phthisis 
1,352 
20.4 
736 
19.2 
645 
19.4 
5,739 
24.2 
809 
22.3 
1,386 
18.3 
10,667 
21.8 
Pneumonia 
1,431 
21.6 
890 
23.2 
848 
25.4 
5,020 
21.5 
655 
18.1 
1,493 
19.3 
10,337 
21.2 
Bronchitis 
287 
4.3 
217 
5.7 
45 
1.3 
1,886 
7.9 
308 
8.5 
546 
7.1 
3,287 
6.7 
Causes of Death. — 1892. 
Number of Deaths in each State from each of Certain Specified Causes, together with the ratio per 10,000 
of the Estimated Population. 
TABLE XV. 43 
Influenza 
755 
11.4 
331 
8.6 
384 
11.5 
967 
4.1 
1 336 
9.2 
564 
7.3 
3,337 
6.8 
Whooping Cough 
54 
.8 
37 
1.0 
16 
.5 
248 
1.0 
25 
.7 
64 
.8 
444 
.9 
Cerebro Spinal Meningitis. 
38 
.6 
19 
.5 
55 
1.6 
86 
.4 
18 
.5 
46 
.6 
262 
.5 
Malarial Fever 
13 
.2 
3 
•i 
4 
.1 
81 
.3 
36 
1.0 
99 
1.3 
236 
.5 
Erysipelas 
31 
.5 
39 
1.0 
21 
.6 
234 
1.0 
25 
.7 
62 
.8 
412 
.8 
Puerperal Fever 
42 
.6 
25 
.6 
3 
.1 
81 
.3 
30 
.8 
78 
1.0 
259 
.6 
Dysentery 
48 
.7 
42 
1.3 
29 
.9 
193 
.8 
71 
2.0 
105 
1.4 
488 
1.0 
Diarrhoea and Cholera 
Morbus 
68 
1.0 
70 
1.8 
30 
.9 
637 
2.7 
161 
4.4 
170 
2.2 
1,136 
2.3 
Cancer 
404 
6.1 
235 
6.1 
204 
6.1 
1,402 
5.9 
181 
5.0 
370 
4.8 
2,796 
5.7 
Apoplexy and Paralysis... 
793 
12.0 
517 
13.5 
398 
12.0 
2,880 
12.1 
362 
9.9 
704 
9.1 
5,654 
11.6 
Insanity 
85 
1.3 
33 
.9 
11 
.3 
253 
1.1 
27 
.7 
60 
.8 
469 
1.0 
All Other Diseases of 
Nervous System 
692 
10.4 
431 
11.2 
192 
5.8 
3,054 
12.9 
354 
9.7 
1,100 
14.2 
5,823 
11.9 
Diseases of the Circulatory 
Organs 
895 
13.5 
611 
15.9 
614 
18.5 
4,150 
17.5 
509 
14.0 
1,125 
14.5 
7,900 
16.2 
Diseases of the Kidneys... 
265 
4.0 
222 
5.8 
149 
4.5 
1,569 
6.6 
258 
7.1 
482 
6.2 
2,945 
6.0 
Accident 
376 
5.7 
229 
6.0 
150 
4.5 
1,819 
7.6 
309 
8.5 
587 
7.6 
3,620 
7.4 
Suicide 
59 
.9 
51 
1.3 
24 
.7 
274 
L2 
19 
.5 
93 
1.2 
520 
1.1 
Old Age 
780 
11.8 
441 
11.5 
399 
12.0 
1,895 
8.0 
256 
7.0 
643 
8.3 
4,414 
9.0 44 
Measles. — The deaths from measles were 226, or .46 per 
10,000 of the living population of New England. The highest 
death-rate from this cause (.77) was in Rhode Island, and the 
lowest (.24) in Vermont. 
Scarlet Fever.— The deaths from scarlet fever in New Eng- 
land were 1,122 and the death-rate 2.3 per 10,000. The highest 
death-rate from this cause (3.6) occurred in Connecticut, and 
the lowest (.54) in Maine. 
Diphtheria and Croup.— In accordance with common modern 
usage, diphtheria and fatal croup are grouped together. From 
these causes there were 2,750 deaths in New England and the 
death-rate was 5.6. The highest rate (7.0) was in Connecti- 
cut, and the lowest (3.2) was in Maine. 
Typhoid Fever.— From this cause there were 1,812 deaths in 
New England in 1892, and the death-rate was 3.7. The highest 
death-rate from this cause was in Maine (4.3) and the lowest 
(2.8) was in New Hampshire. 
Whooping-cough.— The deaths from this cause in New Eng- 
land were 444 and the death-rate was .91. The highest death- 
rate from this cause (1.05) was in Massachusetts, and the 
lowest (.48) was in Vermont. 
Qerebro-Spinal Meningitis.— The deaths from this cause in 
New England were 262, and the death-rate .53. The highest 
death-rate from the same cause was 1.65 in Vermont, and the 
lowest (.36) in Massachusetts. 
Erysipelas.—The deaths from erysipelas in New England 
were 412, and the death-rate was .84. The highest death-rate 
from the same cause (1.02) was in New Hampshire, and the 
lowest (.47) was in Maine. 
Puerperal Fever.— From this cause 259 deaths were regis- 
tered in 1892 in New England, and the death-rate from the 
same cause was .59. The highest death-rate (1.01) was in 
Connecticut, and the lowest (.09) was in Vermont. 
Influenza.— The whole number of registered deaths from in- 
fluenza in New England in 1892 was 3337, and the death-rate 
was 6.8 per 10,000 of the living population. The highest death- 45 
rate from this cause (11.5) was in Vermont, and the lowest 
(4.08) was in Massachusetts. The number of deaths from this 
cause in January and February was 2469, or more than 74 per 
cent, of the whole number. The measure of the incidence of 
this disease upon the population is not alone found in the 
deaths registered under this term “influenza,” but also to a 
considerable extent in the increase of deaths from pneumonia, 
bronchitis, consumption, heart disease, old age, and a few other 
causes. 
Consumption.—The total number of deaths from this most 
destructive disease was 10,667, and the death-rate 21.8. The 
highest death-rate from this cause (24.2) was in Massachusetts, 
and the lowest (18.3) was in Connecticut. In those states 
which have had registration for several years, the mortality 
from this cause is found to be steadily diminishing. 
Pneumonia.— The total number of deaths from pneumonia in 
New England in 1892 was 10,337, and the death-rate from the 
same cause was 21.2. The highest death-rate (25.4) was in 
Vermont, and the lowest (18.1) was in Rhode Island 
In the sea-coast districts the pneumonia death-rate is generally 
lower than that of the inland or elevated regions. The death- 
rate of Franklin and Caledonia counties in Vermont from this 
cause was 23.2 in 1892, and that of Bennington county in the 
same state was only 17.0. In Massachusetts, lor the 20-year 
period 1871-1890, the pneumonia death-rate of the four western 
or inland counties was as follows: 
Berkshire, 16.6 
Franklin, 16.4 
Hampshire, 15.9 
Hampden, 16.3 
and those of the southeastern counties were as follows: 
Nantucket, 9.7 
Dukes, 10.8 
Plymouth, 11.6 
Barnstable, 11.6 
Bronchitis.— The total deaths from bronchitis were 3287, and 
the death-rate was 6.7. The highest death-rate from this cause 
was in Rhode Island (8 5), and the lowest was in Vermont (1.3). 46 
A better measure of the mortality from acute lung disease 
may be had by taking the sum of these three causes—pneumo- 
nia, bronchitis and influenza — by which it appears that the 
combined death-rate from these three causes was more uniform 
throughout the six states than that of either cause considered 
by itself. The total deaths from these causes were 10,961, and 
the death-rate was 34.7. That of the states was as follows: 
Maine, 37.3 
New Hampshire, 37.5 
Vermont, 38.3 
Massachusetts, 33 5 
Rhode Island, 35.8 
Connecticut, 33.7 
Dysentery. — The deaths from dysentery in New England in 
1892 were 488 and the death-rate 1 per 10,000 of the popula- 
tion. The highest mortality for this cause (1.9), was in Rhode 
Island and the lowest was in Maine (.7). 
Diarrhoea and Cholera Morbus.— The deaths from these 
causes were 1,136 and the death-rate 2.32. The highest death- 
rate was 4.4 in Rhode Island and the lowest .9 in Vermont. 
Cholera Infantum.— Under this term are included the deaths 
registered from cholera infantum and from infantile diarrhoea, 
— 5,621 in number. The death-rate from this cause in New 
England was 11.5. The highest was 17.4 in Rhode Island and 
the lowest (6.3), was in Vermont. 
The total deaths from the foregoing diarrhoeal diseases in 
New England in 1892 were 7,245, and the combined death-rate, 
14.82. Those of the six states from these combined causes were 
as follows : 
Maine, 10.0 
New Hampshire, 12.6 
Vermont, 8.1 
Massachusetts, 15.7 
Rhode Island, 23.7 
Connecticut, 16.1 
Malarial Fever *—The total deaths from malarial fever in 
New England were 236, and the death-rate from this cause was 
.48. The highest death-rate was 1.28 in Connecticut, and the 
lowest (.03), was in New Hampshire. Malarial fever can 
scarcely be said to exist in the three northern states of New 
England. 
Note.—An eminent New England physician has very aptly described 
malarial fever in New England as a “ tender exotic,” which requires peculiar 
climatic conditions for its continuance. In nearly every instance where the 
disease has prevailed in New England, it has disappeared in a few years after 
its first appearance. 47 
Diseases of the Nervous System. 
Apoplexy and Paralysis. — The number of deaths registered 
under these two headings in New England in 1892 was 5,654, 
and the death-rate per 10,000 of the population was 11.57. 
The highest death-rate from the same causes was 13.5 in New 
Hampshire, and the lowest (9.1) was in Connecticut. 
Insanity. — The number of deaths charged to insanity in 
New England was 496, and the death-rate was .96. The 
highest death-rate from this cause (1.28) was in Maine, and 
the lowest (.33) was in Vermont. 
All Other Diseases of the Nervous System.—From all other 
diseases of the nervous system there were 5,823 deaths, or 
11.92 per 10,000 of the population. The highest death-rate 
from these causes was 14.2 in Connecticut and the lowest (5.8) 
was in Vermont, 
From the three foregoing causes combined there were 11,946 
deaths, and the combined death-rate was 24.45. 
Cancer. — The number of deaths attributed to Cancer in 
New England in 1892 was 2,796, and the death-rate was 5.7 
per 10,000 of the population. The highest death-rate from 
this cause was in Vermont (6.14), and the lowest was in Con- 
necticut (4.77). These differences are probably due to the 
existence of a greater ratio of persons above 50 years of age in 
the three northern states of the district as compared with the 
three southern states (Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con- 
necticut). 
Diseases of the Circulatory System. — The total number of 
deaths attributed to diseases of the circulatory organs was 
7,900, and the death-rate per 10,000 was 16.17. The highest 
(18.5) was in Vermont, and the lowest was in Maine (13.5). 
Kidney Diseases. — The whole number of deaths ascribed to 
kidney diseases in New England was 2,945, and the death-rate 
was 6.02 per 10,000 of the population. The highest death-rate 
from this cause (7.09) was in Rhode Island, and the lowest 
(4.00) was in Maine. 48 
Accident. — The deaths from accident in New England were 
3,620, and the death-rate was 7.4. The highest death-rate 
from this cause, or group of causes, was 8 5 in Rhode Island, 
and the lowest was 4.5 in Vermont. 
Suicide. — There were 520 registered deaths from suicide, 
and the death-rate from this cause was 1.06. The death-rates 
ranged from a maximum of 1.33 in New Hampshire to a 
minimum of .52 in Rhode Island. 
Old Age. — The fact that there were 4,414 deaths recorded 
under the title of old age has but little significance, and the 
greater death-rate of the three northern states under this term, 
as was stated under the title “ Cancer,” simply means that the 
number of old persons was relatively greater in these states. 
The following infectious diseases have characteristics of 
peculiar interest to the sanitarian, and yet their incidence upon 
the New England population in 1892 was comparatively 
insignificant. 
Hydrophobia was unusually prevalent in 1888, 1889 and 
1890, but in 1892 only two deaths from this cause, were regis- 
tered one in Massachusetts and one in Connecticut. 
There were no reported deaths from glanders, trichinosis or 
Asiatic cholera in 1892. 
Anthrax or malignant pustule finds an occasional victim in 
towns in which foreign hides and other animal products are 
treated. There were six deaths from this cause reported in 
1892, five of which were in Massachusetts and one in Rhode 
Island. 
Vital Statistics of Cities. 
The rapid increase of the urban population in New England 
gives to the vital statistics of the cities a special interest. In 
the following table (table, XVI.), in which are presented the 
vital statistics of all cities and towns having more than 10,000 
inhabitants in each, the figures may be regarded as reasonably 
correct, with the exception of the registered births in some of 49 
the cities of Maine and New Hampshire, which are probably 
deficient in number. 
The items presented are the population of each city by the 
census of 1890, the number of registered marriages, births and 
deaths in each in 1892, the general death-rate per 1,000 for the 
same year, using for this purpose the estimated population for 
1892, and the number of deaths and death-rates per 10,000 from 
eight selected causes of death, which are of special interest to 
the sanitarian. 
The estimates of population for all places having over 20,000 
inhabitants are made by the geometric rate of increase during 
the last census interval, and those of all of the smaller cities by 
the arithmetric rate. 
From this table it appears that the total number of marriages 
in these towns registered in 1892 was 25,223, and the marriage- 
rate was 10.33 (persons married 20.66). 
The total number of births registered was 72,456 and the 
birth-rate was 29.68. 
The total number of deaths was 51,375, and the death-rate 
was 21.01. 
The following are the maximum and minimum death-rates in 
the foregoing list:— 
Deaths per 1,000 of the Living Population. 
Biddeford . . . 27.6 
Lowell . . . 26.6 
Lawrence . . . 26.4 
Chicopee . . . 26.2 
Dover . . . 25.4 
Fall River . . . 24.0 
Concord . . .23.5 
Holyoke . . . 23.4 
Boston . . . 23.3 
Hartford, . . . 22.9 
Auburn . . . 15.7 
Waltham . . .15.7 
Lewiston . . . 15.2 
Quincy . . . 15.1 
Hyde Park . . . 15.0 
Peabody . . .15.0 
Newton . . . 14.8 
Brookline . . . 14.8 
Clinton . . . 14.5 
Brockton . . . 18.7 
From certain special causes the maximum and minimum 
death-rates were as follows : — TABLE XVI. 
Vital Statistics of New England Cities and Towns having 
Arranged according to number of 
3 
2 
City and State. 
Population, 1890. 
Marriages. 
Births. 
Deaths. 
Death Rate, 1892, 
per 1,000 Popula- 
tion. 
Deaths and Death 
Deaths from 
Scarlet Fe- 
ver. 
Death Rate 
from Scarlet 
Fever. 
Deaths from 
Diphtheria 
and Croup. 
Death Rate 
from Diph- 
theria and 
Croup. 
i 
Boston, Mass., 
448,477 
5,315 
15,406 
11,221 
23.3 
261 
5.5 
485 
10.2 
2 
Providence, Ii. I 
132,146 
1,592 
3,953 
2,964 
21.4 
38 
2.7 
72 
5.2 
3 
Worcester, Mass 
84,655 
878 
2,853 
1,817 
19.6 
15 
1.6 
69 
7.5 
4 
New Haven, Conn.,. 
81,298 
918 
2,581 
1,779 
19.5 
44 
4.8 
84 
9.2 
5 
Lowell, Mass., 
77,690 
948 
2,731 
9 990 
26.6 
13 
1.5 
28 
3.3 
G 
Fall River, Mass , .. 
74,398 
872 
2,590 
1,986 
24.0 
27 
3.3 
59 
7.1 
7 
Cambridge, Mass.,.. 
70,028 
7.33 
2,338 
1,523 
20.4 
16 
2.1 
53 
7.1 
8 
Lynn, Mass., 
55,727 
657 
1,653 
1,080 
18.0 
3 
.5 
30 
5.0 
9 
Hartford, Conn.,.... 
53,230 
633 
1,401 
1,277 
22.9 
31 
5.5 
103 
18.5 
10 
Bridgeport, Conn.,.. 
48,866 
570 
1,099 
955 
17 4 
18 
3.3 
22 
4.0 
11 
Lawrence, Mass.,... 
44,654 
538 
1,311 
1,246 
26.4 
44 
9.3 
28 
5.9 
12 
Springfield, Mass.,.. 
44,179 
469 
1,395 
995 
21.2 
14 
3.0 
48 
10.2 
13 
Manchester, N. H.,. 
44,126 
739 
1 029 
1,038 
22.2 
2 
.4 
11 
2.3 
14 
New Bedford, Mass., 
40,733 
515 
1,059 
991 
22.5 
4 
.9 
10 
2.3 
15 
Somerville, Mass.,.. 
40,152 
426 
1,282 
718 
15.9 
13 
2.9 
8 
1.8 
10 
Portland, Me., 
36,425 
207 
808 
782 
21.2 
3 
.8 
12 
3.2 
17 
Holyoke, Mass , 
35,637 
413 
1,646 
992 
23.4 
13 
3.3 
71 
18.1 
18 
Salem, Mass., 
30,801 
293 
890 
717 
22.5 
3 
.9 
11 
3.4 
19 
Waterbury, Conn. .. 
28,046 
291 
1,210 
710 
19.4 
7 
1.9 
20 
5.5 
20 
Chelsea. Mass., 
27,909 
342 
918 
650 
22.5 
13 
4.5 
18 
6.2 
21 
Pawtucket, R. I .... 
27,633 
331 
726 
642 
21.6 
5 
1.7 
9 
3.0 
22 
Haverhill, Mass.,... 
27,412 
314 
781 
495 
16.5 
5 
1.7 
2 
.7 
23 
Brockton, Mass., 
27,294 
279 
711 
416 
13.7 
2 
.7 
15 
4.9 
24 
Taunton, Mass., 
25,448 
232 
714 
595 
22.7 
8 
3.0 
12 
4.6 
25 
Gloucester, Mass.,. 
24,651 
223 
652 
431 
16.6 
4 
1.5 
2 
.8 
26 
Newton, Mass., 
24,379 
247 
639 
393 
14.8 
- 
- 
8 
3.0 
43 
Norwich, Conn., 
23,048 
222 
584 
455 
19.4 
9 
3.8 
6 
2.6 
27 
Malden, Mass , 
23,031 
244 
787 
452 
17.1 
7 
2.6 
13 
4.9 
28 
Fitchburg, Mass.,... 
22,037 
293 
909 
445 
17.5 
2 
.8 
6 
2.4 
29 
Lewiston, Me., 
21,701 
250 
535 
340 
15.2 
_ 
_ 
9 
4.0 
30 
Meriden, Conn., 
21,652 
244 
834 
455 
17.0 
1 
.4 
13 
4.8 
31 
Woonsocket, R. I.,.. 
20,830 
220 
713 
445 
19.3 
0 
2.6 
8 
3.5 
32 
Lincoln, R. 1 
20,355 
170 
701 
450 
20.7 
2 
.9 
4 
1.8 
33 
Newport, R. I , 
19,457 
151 
488 
404 
20.8 
4 
2.0 
27 
13.9 
34 
Nashua, N H., 
19,311 
266 
698 
402 
19.6 
_ 
3 
1.5 
35 
Bangor, Me., 
19,103 
211 
365 
364 
18.3 
_ 
_ 
_ 
_ 
30 
Waltham, Mass., ... 
18,767 
219 
575 
319 
15.7 
10 
4.9 
- 
37 
Warwick, R. I., 
17,701 
171 
480 
381 
19.1 
2 
1.0 
8 
4.0 
38 
Norwalk, Conn., 
17,747 
155 
431 
336 
18.3 
2 
1.1 
15 
8.1 
39 
Pittsfield, Mass., 
17,281 
128 
502 
322 
17.5 
10 
5.4 
12 
6.5 
40 
Concord, N. H., 
17,004 
176 
416 
415 
23.5 
3 
1.7 
3 
1.7 
41 
Quincy, Mass., 
16,723 
148 
013 
288 
15.1 
2 
1.1 
10 
5.4 
42 
New Britain, Conn., 
10,519 
218 
644 
353 
17.6 
3 
1.5 
17 
8.5 
44 
North Adams, Mass., 
16,074 
154 
602 
345 
19.7 
8 
4.6 
34 
19.5 
45 
Stamford, Conn.,— 
15,700 
94 
495 
378 
22.8 
29 
17.5 
28 
16.8 
40 
Northampton, Mass., 
14,990 
128 
366 
267 
16.8 
6 
3.8 
9 
5.7 
47 
Burlington, Vt., 
14,590 
150 
396 
338 
22.2 
4 
2.6 
3 
2.0 
48 
Biddeford, Me., 
14,443 
151 
509 
408 
27.6 
_ 
_ 
20 
13.5 
49 
Chicopee, Mass., 
14,050 
232 
567 
395 
26.2 
7 
4.6 
5 
3.3 
50 
Newburyport, Mass., 
13,947 
113 
338 
310 
22.2 
4 
2.8 
23 
16.4 
51 
Marlboro, Mass , 
13,805 
116 
444 
241 
16.1 
3 
2.0 
3 
2.0 
52 
New London, Conn., 
13,757 
154 
369 
287 
19.9 
6 
4.2 
2 
1.4 
53 
Woburn, Mass., 
13,499 
95 
419 
270 
19.0 
4 
2.8 
8 
5.6 
54 
Dover, N. H. 
12,790 
105 
296 
331 
25.4 
2 
1.5 
10 
55 
Brookline, Mass.,... 
12,103 
143 
364 
196 
14.8 
- 
_ 
4 
3.0 
50 
Rutland, Yt., 
11,700 
104 
264 
209 
16.6 
_ 
_ 
19 
15.1 
57 
Auburn, Me 
11.250 
103 
151 
182 
15.7 
3 
2.6 
5 
4.3 
58 
Medford, Mass., 
11,079 
85 
330 
207 
17.4 
3 
2.5 
3 
2.5 
59 
Everett, Mass., 
11,068 
123 
511 
255 
19.4 
3 
2.3 
10 
7.6 
(iO 
Weymouth, M ass.,.. 
10,866 
80 
234 
200 
18.3 
2 
1.8 
4 
3.7 
01 
Beverly, Mass., 
10,821 
78 
248 
206 
18.0 
_ 
- 
1 
.9 
02 
Augusta, Me., 
10,527 
151 
206 
222 
20.4 
_ 
1.0 
7 
6.4 
03 
Clinton, Mass., 
10,424 
122 
342 
160 
14.5 
2 
.8 
2 
1.8 
64 
Ansonia, Conn 
10,342 
89 
374 
185 
16.8 
1 
.9 
4 
3.6 
65 
Hyde Park, Mass.,.. 
10,193 
81 
280 
164 
15.0 
_ 
_ 
3 
2.8 
66 
Peabody, Mass., 
10,158 
56 
219 
156 
15.0 
1 
1.0 
07 
Greenwich, Conn.,.. 
10,131 
55 
214 
177 
16.7 
1 
.9 
1 
.9 
All the Cities, 
25,223 
72,456 
51,293 
21.0 
758 
3.1 
1.552 
6.3 over 10,000 Inhabitants in each, for the Year 1892 
Population by Census of 1890. 
cjcnS-idOxSS: i ci>f^>&.csoaeE:Sio;S5oc5C:5£S!oi2§--ic;CSi^-lc2^it2-i 
Deaths from 
Typhoid Fe- 
ver. 
Rates from Certain Causes, per 10,000 Living. 
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Death Hate 
from Typhoid 
Fever. 
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Deaths from 
Cholera In- 
fantum. 
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4-4-OOtC^OCOC7«'H|^tCOCC:^lCOOOCfi»-‘OCoin4-tCOC^.^*Cri»-‘rf-OtCCO-l'-lCi-J»-*-qH‘OiOOC5C5C:H-*C^OOCOl-*04-OOH|Ooc;H*CO^i-lOt'CCO-J^10tCO*-*-* 
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Death Rate 
from Cholera 
Infantum. 
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Deaths from 
Phthisis. 
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Death Kate 
from Phthi- 
sis. 
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Deaths from 
Pneumonia. 
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Death Rate 
from Pneu- 
monia. 
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Deaths from 
Bronchitis. 
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Death Rate 
from Bron- 
chitis. 
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Number. 52 
From Measles. Deaths per 10,000 of the living population. 
The deaths from Measles were omitted from the foregoing 
table for economy of space. In forty-two cities, no deaths 
from this cause were registered in 1892. Those in the re- 
maining cities were as follows: — Boston, 34; Manchester, 18; 
New Haven, 12; Providence, 11; Lowell, 11 ; Woonsocket, 10 ; 
Fall River, 8 ; Holyoke, 8 ; Auburn, 5 ; Springfield, 3 ; Cam- 
bridge, Portland, Newport and Warwick, 2 each; and Worces- 
ter, Lynn, Hartford, Bridgeport, Lawrence, Waterbury, 
Brockton, Newton, Quincy, New Britain and Chicopee, 1 each. 
The highest death-rates from this cause were those of Woon- 
socket, 4.3; Auburn, 4.3; Manchester, 3.8; Holyoke, 2.0; and 
New Haven, 1.3; per 10,000 living. 
From Scarlet-fever. The maximum death-rates from scarlet- 
fever were as follows: — 
Stamford, 17.5; Lawrence, 9.3 ; Hartford, 5.5 ; Boston, 5.5 ; 
Pittsfield, 5.4; Waltham, 4.9; Chicopee, 4.6; Chelsea, 4.5; 
and there were no deaths from scarlet-fever in the following 
cities: — 
Newton, Brookline, Rutland, Lewiston, Beverly, Nashua, 
Augusta, Bangor, Biddeford, Hyde Park. 
From Diphtheria and Croup. The maximum and minimum 
death-rates from diphtheria and croup were as follows: — 
North Adams . . 19.5 
Hartford . . .18.5 
Holyoke . . .181 
Stamford . . . 16.8 
Newburyport . . 16.4 
Rutland . . .15.1 
Newport . . . 13.9 
Biddeford . . .13.5 
Boston . . .10.2 
Springfield . . . 10.2 
Nashua . . .1.5 
New London 1.4 
Beverly . . .9 
Greenwich . .9 
Gloucester . .8 
Haverhill .7 
Lynn ... .5 
Bangor 0 
Waltham . 0 
Peabody 0 53 
Typhoid Fever. The maximum and death-rates from 
typhoid-fever were as follows : — 
Lewiston . . .16.2 
Chicopee . . . 15.9 
Biddeford . . .12.2 
Bangor . . . 10.7 
Lawrence . . . 10.6 
Lowell . . .9.1 
Springfield . . .8.3 
Augusta . . .8.3 
Hartford . . .8.2 
Waterbury . . . 8.0 
Death-Rates per 10,000. 
Portland . . . 1.6—(— 
Rutland . . . 1.6— 
Newton . . .1.5 
Bridgeport . .1.3 
Gloucester . . 1.15 
Concord . . .1.1 
Manchester . . 1.07 
Clinton ... .9 
Brookline ... .8 
Everett ... .8 
Cholera Infantum. The maximum and minimum death-rates 
from cholera infantum were as follows: — 
Lincoln . . . 37.1 
Biddeford . . . 35.8 
Warwick . . .32.1 
Lawrence . . . 27.6 
Fall River . . . 27.5 
Lowell . . . 27.3 
Burlington . . . 24 3 
Chicopee . . . 23.9 
Augusta . . .23.8 
Pawtucket . . . 23.8 
Brookline . . . 7.5 
Weymouth . 7.3 
Bangor . . . 7.1 
Newton . . . 6.4 
Gloucester . . 6.1 
Hyde Park . . 5.5 
Brockton . . .5.2 
Beverly . . .5.2 
Pittsfield . . . 4.9 
Waltham . . . 3.4 
Phthisis. From consumption the maximum and minimum 
death-rates were as follows : — 
Boston . . . 32.8 
Augusta . . . 32.1 
Newburyport . . 29.9 
Waltham . . . 29.0 
Cambridge . . 28.9 
Chelsea . . .28.7 
Bangor . . .28.5 
Dover . . . 28.4 
New Bedford . . 28.3 
Lowell . . . 27.6 
Medford . . .15.1 
Norwalk . . . 14.6 
Peabody . . . 14.4 
Brookline . . . 14.3 
Greenwich . . . 14.2 
Auburn . . . 13.8 
New Britain . . 13.5 
Lewiston . . .13.5 
Nashua . . . 12.7 
Clinton . . . 11.8 54 
It is worthy of notice that all of the following cities lying on 
or quite near the southern sea-coast of New England had 
death-rates from Phthisis considerably below the mean : — Fall 
River, Newport, Warwick, New London, New Haven, Bridge- 
port, Stamford, Norwalk, Greenwich. 
Pneumonia. The maximum and minimum death-rates from 
pneumonia were as follows : — 
Biddeford . . . 35.8 
Lawrence . . .33.1 
Stamford . . .31.4 
Augusta . . . 29.4 
Portland . . . 29.0 
Pittsfield . . .27.7 
Nashua . . . 26.8 
Holyoke . . . 26.0 
Chicopee . . . 25.9 
Lowell . . .25.7 
Pawtucket . . 13.8 
Lincoln . . . 13.7 
New London . . 13.2 
Ansonia . . . 11.8+ 
Medford . . . 11.8— 
Burlington . . 11.1 
Malden . . . 11.0 
Clinton . . . 10.9 
Manchester . . 10.7 
Quincy . . .9.1 
Bronchitis. The maximum and minimum death-rates from 
bronchitis were as follows : — 
Ansonia . . .15.5 
Pawtucket . . 15.4 
Lowell . . . 13.6 
Chicopee . . . 13.3 
Lincoln . . .12.9 
Weymouth . . 12.8 
Fall River . . . 12.2 
Boston . . . 11.5 
New Haven . . 11.4 
Nashua . . . 10.7 
Brockton . . , 3.6 
Warwick . . . 3.5 
Marlboro’ . . .3.3 
Quincy . . . 3.2 
North Adams . . 2.8 
Malden . . .2.7 
Norwich . . . 2.6 
Burlington . . .2.0 
Auburn . . .1.7 
Rutland . . . .8 
The following figures present the combined death-rates from 
these three diseases — phthisis, pneumonia and bronchitis — in 
those cities which had the highest and lowest mortality from 
these causes in 1892 : — 55 
Phthisis, Pneumonia and Bronchitis. 
Deaths pee 10,000 Population. 
Augusta . . . 71.6 
Biddeford . . . 68.9 
Boston . . . 68.5 
Lowell . . . 66.9 
Chicopee . . . 66.4 
Chelsea . . . 60.5 
Waltham . . . 59.0 
Salem . . . .58.7 
Taunton . . .58.1 
Brockton . . .36.8 
Warwick . . .86.7 
Peabody . . . 34.6 
Auburn . . . 34.5 
Medford . . . 33.6 
Malden . . . 33.4 
Lewiston . . . 32.8 
Clinton . . . 31.8 
Greenwich . . . 25.5 
The death-rates of each of the remaining cities from the fore- 
going causes may be found in table XVI. 
Interesting results are obtained by grouping the cities in this 
table according to their populations. 
While such a classification cannot be considered as an exact 
division of the cities according to the density of their popula- 
tions, it may be taken as an approximate grouping of this 
nature. 
Four groups are made, the first embracing the two cities 
having more than 100,000 inhabitants in each. Boston and 
Providence, with a total estimated population in 1892 of 
612,298. 
The second group includes those cities having more lhan 
50,000, but less than 100,000 in each, the total estimated popu- 
lation being 535,238. 
The third group includes those cities having more than 
25,000, but less than 50,000 in each, with a total estimated 
population of 570,230. 
The fourth group embraces the remaining cities and towns 
having more than 10,000, but less than 25,000, in each, with a 
total estimated population of 723,652 in 1892. 
This general division of the whole district may fairly be 
compared with the remainder of the district comprising a 56 
nearly equal population, the estimated population of the urban 
population in 1892 being 2,441,418, and that of the rural 
population being 2,444,987. 
The marriage, birth and death-rates of these two principal 
groups of population were as follows for 1892, still bearing in 
mind the probable deficiency of birth registration in Maine and 
New Hampshire : — 
Marriage-rates. 
Birth-rates. 
Death-rates. 
Urban Group 
20.60 
29.68 
21.01 
Rural Group 
16.42 
20.00 
18.72 
Reducing these figures to a standard of 1,000 for the total 
population the rank of these populations would stand as 
follows: — 
Married Persons. 
Birtlis. 
Deaths. 
Urban Group 
....! 1114 
1195 
1058 
New England 
1000 
1000 
1000 
Rural Group 
.... i 886 
805 
943 
The foregoing may be read as follows : — 
For each 1,000 persons married in New England as a whole, 
there were in equal numbers living in the urban population, 
1,114 persons married, and in the rural population 886, &c. 
For the diseases mentioned in table XVI. a similar method of 
presentation gives the following results, in this case the number 
100 for New England as a whole being taken as the standard 
of comparison. In this grouping the cities are presented in 
four divisions, as already suggested : — 57 
General Mortality and Mortality from Eight 
Diseases by Groups. 
Groups. 
General 
Mortality. 
Measles. 
Scarlet Fever. 
Diphtheria 
and Croup. 
Typhoid Fever 
Cholera 
Infantus. 
Consumption. 
Pneumonia. 
Bronchitis. 
Cities having over 100,- 
000 populations in each 
116 
158 
213 
162 
84 
110 
144 
109 
164 
Cities having from 50,000 
to 100,000 
110 
146 
122 
142 
112 
154 
107 
95 
153 
Cities having from 25,000 
to 50,000 
105 
133 
117 
43 
122 
132 
101 
96 
113 
Cities having from 10,000 
to 25,000 
95 
70 
91 
62 
109 
138 
94 
90 
97 
The Whole Urban Group. 
106 
126 
135 
121 
105 
133 
111 
97 
129 
New England 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
The Rural Group 
94 
79 
65 
80 
95 
68 
89 
102 
70 
The foregoing table may be read as follows : — For each 100 
persons who died in the whole district of New England in 1892 
from all causes, 106 died in the cities and large towns and 94 in 
the rural districts ; 116 in the large cities, 110 in those of the 
second group, 105 in those of the third group and 95 in those 
of the fourth group. 
For each 100 who died of measles in the whole district, 126 
died from the same cause in the cities and large towns, and 79 
in the rural districts: 158 died in the large cities, 146 in 
those of the second group, 138 in those of the third and 70 in 
those of the fourth, &e. 58 
The following additional statistics relative to births are to be 
found in the reports of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and 
Connecticut: — 
NUMBER OF THE CHILDREN OF THE MOTHER, 1892. 
1st . 
N. H. 
. 2,266 
R. I. 
2,383 
R. I., 36 
years. 
53,260 
Conn. 
5,333 
Conn., 10 
years. 
44,649 
2d 
. 1,523 
1,754 
42,983 
3,959 
34,498 
3d 
. 1,010 
1,444 
33,361 
3,011 
24,578 
4th . 
691 
1,050 
25,143 
2,176 
17.641 
5 th 
477 
754 
18,787 
1,525 
12,426 
6 th . 
399 
520 
13,786 
1,088 
9,075 
7th 
252 
416 
9,869 
724 
6,469 
8th . 
185 
311 
7,074 
481 
4,522 
9th 
106 
218 
4,750 
364 
3,162 
10th . 
83 
149 
3,198 
245 
2,023 
11th . 
60 
113 
1,918 
152 
1,185 
12th . 
46 
75 
1,219 
88 
778 
13th . 
33 
36 
680 
67 
498 
14th . 
21 
18 
343 
29 
244 
15th . 
6 
13 
190 
14 
132 
16th . 
7 
10 
92 
9 
64 
17th . 
3 
4 
56 
3 
28 
18th . 
3 
1 
25 
1 
11 
19th . 
2 
1 
13 
— 
6 
20th . 
1 
— 
6 
1 
4 
21st . 
. - 
- 
3 
- 
12 
22d . 
- 
- 
2 
- 
1 
23d . 
_ 
— 
— 
— 
1 
In the reports of Connecticut this table is classified into 
children of native and foreign parentage. 
Among native parents the firstlings constituted 31.2 per cent, 
of the whole number of children, and among foreign parents 
they were 22.4 per cent, of the whole. The ratio of children 
who were the fifth, sixth, and upwards among foreign parents 
was much greater than it was among natives. 59 
Meteorology. 
The following table is taken from the bulletin of the New 
England Meteorological Society for 1892. It consists of the 
means of the observations of about 150 voluntary observers 
distributed throughout New England, with a reasonable degree 
of uniformity. The barometric observations are by twenty 
observers only: — 
New England Weather 
Months. 
Mean 
Atmospheric 
Pressure. 
In Inches. 
Mean 
Tempera- 
ture. In 
Degrees F. 
Departure 
from 
Normal. 
Precipita- 
tion in 
Inches. 
Departure 
from 
Normal. 
January 
30.00 
24.6 
+ 2.0 
4.81 
+0.88 
February 
30.12 
25.9 
+ 1.8 
2.09 
—1.64 
March 
29.91 
29.7 
—1.3 
3.20 
—0.75 
April 
30.00 
44.8 
+ 1.3 
1.02 
—2.13 
May 
29.97 
53.6 
—1.4 
5.23 
+ 1.79 
June 
29.96 
68.1 
+ 1.7 
3.92 
+0.42 
July 
30.02 
70.0 
+0.6 
2.91 
—1.03 
August 
30.01 
67.8 
+0.1 
5.45 
+ 1.22 
September 
30.13 
58.5 
—0.7 
2.24 
—1.17 
October 
29.93 
44.6 
—0.3 
1.50 
—2.38 
[November 
30.04 
37.7 
—0.3 
5.10 
+ 1.19 
December 
29.98 
24.9 
—2.2 
1.32 
—2.15 
Mean 
30.01 
45.85 
+0.2 
—0.48 
Total 
39.79