Wolfe
*~V
IMPOSTORS  UNMASKED,
AND THE
Public Protected
IN THE USE 0?
Popular Beverages.
UDOLPHO WOLFE.
*          NEW-YORK:
U PUBLISHED BY UDOLPHO WOLFE, No. 22 BEAVER ST.
t< f\
         1859.            J
Johk A. Gkat, Primtbr and Sterbottfbb, 16 ahd 18 Jacob Stbbet, N. Y ^J^ |
O
S&, 
   To  All Who  Use  Brandy.
                     ---- • • *----
   Udolpho Wolfe's pure Cognac Brandy, imported and
bottled by himself, warranted pure and of the beft quality.
   The Citizens of Philadelphia are refpedfully invited  to
try this Brandy, which, on comparifon, will be found fuperior
to any article of the kind ever offered for fale in this market.
   Each bottle has the following Certificate, and  I am re-
quefted  by Mr. Wolfe to fay, that  when the Certificate on
the bottle  is not sufficient, he is always willing to  make an
affidavit that what he fays in the Certificate is true :
        PURE  COGNAC   BRANDY.
                     CERTIFICATE.
   I hereby certify that the Brandy contained in this  bottle
was imported and bottled by me, with my name on the  cork,
for medical and private ufe, and is warranted perfeftly  pure,
and of the beft quality.         Udolpho Wolfe,
      No. 22 Beaver Street. N. Y., Sole Manufacturer and Importer of the
                                  Schiedam Schnapps.
Sole Agent in Philadelphia,

      GEORGE   H.   ASHTON,
            No.  832 MARKET STREET,
and for  sale by Druggists and Grocers throughout the city.

      ALSO, FOR SALE  IN BOTTLES, FOR  MEDICAL USE :
Wolfe's  Schiedam  Schnapps,      Wolfe's Madeira Wine,
   "    Pure Jamaica  Rum,          "    Port
          "  Scotch Whiskey,       "    Sherry
          "  Irish
        ALL WARRANTED PURE AS IMPORTED. 
  IMPOSTORS  UNMASKED,
            AND THE

       Public Protected
           IN THE USE OP

Popular  Beverages.
[JDOLPHO  WOLFE.
          NEW-YORK;
PUBLISHED BY UDOLPHO WOLFE, No. 22 BEAVER ST.
           185 9.
 John A. Geat, Printer and Stbreottpbr, 16 and 18 Jacob Street, N. Y. 
INTBODUCTION;
   The following pages are not intended to present superior claims
 on public attention to those of others, who, with  equal zeal, have
 endeavored to drive  from our market the base imitations and
 adulterations of Gin,  Brandies, and all other liquors, equally dis-
 graceful to our age as they are destructive of the dearest public
 and private interests of society; but to state, in a condensed form,
 facts, which  an immense importation  of Gin, an unprecedented
 sale, and an  almost boundless  commercial intercourse with my
 fellow-citizens in every section of the Union have enabled me to
 collect and substantiate by chemical analysis and tests, and the
 most irrefragable proofs of the physical effects of impure and med-
 icated alcoholic preparations, furnished amid the protracted suffer-
 ings of their dupes and victims—not ^infrequently in the chambers
 of disease and death.
  Nor can the developments  contained in  the "Address" detract
from the merits, or interfere with the business prospects of the
wholesale or retail vender, who, with high and honorable motives,
while anxious to promote his own private interests, scorns to be
the medium by which  charlatanism imposes on public  credulity or
cupidity, at the sacrifice  of moral  or physical happiness, gathers
and grasps  its ill-gotten rewards.
  The Address has two prominent objects in view:  the  one, to
UNMASK THE  IMPOSTOR—the other, to PROTECT  THE
PUBLIC.
                                     UDOLPHO  WOLFE. 
ADDRESS  TO  THE  PUBLIC.
              PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.

   Gentlemen : Let me assure you that no mere pecuniary con-
 sideration would induce me to offer this "Address" to your atten-
 tion, nor to impress upon your minds the vast importance of its
 subject-matter  considered  in its  moral,  religious, and physical
 relations to the community.
   I have not, after long experience, to learn, that he who seeks to
 unmask fraud by analzying and exposing its elements,  engenders
 the  lasting hatred of its perpetrators, and becomes the object of
 suspicions  and  impugnings, as base  and unwarrantable in their
 propagators, as they would be to himself, if sustained by a shadow
 of truth or a particle of legitimate evidence.
   But as the most extensive importer of Gin in the United States
 during the past quarter of a century, well known  and confided in
 as a dealer in goods of the purest quality and the highest character,
 I venture to lay before you an expose of the base impositions daily
 and hourly practised by the (so called) dealers in purely imported
 liquors from Europe, through the length and breadth of the land.
   I should feel much gratification, could I exclude from  the list of
 shameless traffickers in adulterated liquors, the wholesale dealers in
 the articles; but during an extensive  correspondence, embracing
 many years, which I have maintained with my customers in every
 section of the Union, the conviction has been forced upon me, that
 the wholesale dealer is not less prone to adulterate by the gallon,
 than the retailer by the pint or the glass.
  Such, in  many cases, being an established, incontrovertible fact,
I leave it for you to determine what degree of impurity liquor
must  attain when it reaches the final consumer, after passing
through those wholesale and retail mixings—two consecutive adul-
terations. 
4
   APPEALS  OP MORALITY, RELIGION, AND SCIENCE

  The increasing adulterations in imported liquors, tiie wanton and
bare-faced substitution in their place of the most deleterious com-
pounds, have been urged upon  my serious attention for some time
past, as demanding investigation and exposition.
  The former  efforts  made by me to arrest the progress of this
alarming evil,  have excited  the attention of the clergymen, the
physicians, the philanthropists, and the enlightened advocates of
temperance; each class has appealed to still further press onward
in the onerous task of exposing, and if possible, counteracting so
prevalent and mischievous a debasement in a branch of commerce
with which, for so long a period, I have been intimately and promi-
nently connected.
  In responding to, and acting upon, these appeals to my future
exertions in one of the  most  important  interests  in the human
family, it would be an affectation to deny the influence of induce-
ments directly operating on  my immediate mercantile interests in
deciding my course, and the enjoyment of no small share of confi-
dence and support among those whose good opinion I most cherish.
  But there are other and paramount motives actuating my deci-
sion in responding affirmatively to these  gentlemen—the duties  I
owe as a man and a citizen to society, and a proper regard for the
general welfare of humanity.

                ABUSES AND IMPOSITIONS.

  In  exemplifying the  abuses  and impositions practised in  the
liquor business, I shall not indulge in the visions of fancy, or sufler
imagination to wander from the painful realities which they exhibit.
Examples are, unfortunately, too numerous to sustain the charge
that morality, honor, and justice are sacrificed at  the shrine of a
reckless cupidity in the liquor traffic ; that character  and life are
daily  imperilled in its  support; that crime of every grade increases
under its influences ; that our prisons are the gloomy recipients of
its dupes and victims, and self-destruction or an ignominious death
at the hands of the public executioner, not unfrequently its final and
fatal results.
                  MODES OF IMPOSITION.

   There are two distinct modes by which the public are imposed
upon in relation to wines and liquors advertised to be  " Foreign
and Pure Importations"—the  one by the most gross adulteration
of the really imported article ; the other by the substitution in its
place of a domestic manufacture, in which narcotics, opiates, acids,
alkalies, mineral and vegetable poisons—indeed every thing which
 avarice can prompt or ingenuity devise—are mingled together,  to
 imitate and deceive, reckless of future consequences, whether they
 lead  to the mad-house, the dungeon, the gallows, or immediately to
 the grave. 
5
   So extensive has the adulteration of wines and brandies, profes-
 sedly from the choicest vineyards of France, become, that not only
 have the scientific chemist and physician surrendered their belief in
 the  sale of a purely imported article; but our citizens generally
 regard such an announcement, by advertisement or otherwise, as
 an insult to their understandings—an additional feature in  the
 humbugs of the day.

            CONSEQUENCES TO  THE IMPORTER.

   What are the present, what will be the future consequences of
 the  wholesale liquor deceptions to the honest importer of and
 dealer in the genuine importations ?
   That they are, and will be neglected, forced to surrender them-
 selves to the penalties of a  doom to which they are not justly
 amenable, swallowed up in the vortex of a suspicion without  limit,
 called into  action by a class with whom they have held  no  com-
 munion.
   Genuine liquors will thus become an unprofitable  stock—the
 consequence of hopelessness  in obtaining  them:  the base and
 spurious article will, finally, supplant every other ;  infamy will re-
 ceive her gilded reward, and revel in the anticipation of her future
 prospects, while honest integrity sinks into insignificance and  ob-
 livion, overpowered  by the  unblushing audacity of her more for-
 tunate but unscrupulous rival.
   Should this condition of circumstances continue to operate on
 the  legitimate interests of the liquor trade, it Avould hold forth a
 premium for imposition; genuine importations would eventually
 be banished as valueless from the market, under the influences of a
 destructive and nefarious traffic, equally fatal to the first and  dear-
 est interests of humanity,  as it would be to commercial integrity.
 The merchant equally with the philanthropist, is bound by every
 sense of duty, every present or prospective good to his country or
 benefit  to himself, to denounce the sale of spurious alcoholic com-
 pounds as a base and infamous invasion of public and private  in-
 terests, despite of malignity,  and clamors proceeding from that
 class of dealers whom his exposition holds up to public view and
 public obloquy.
   From none others  will a dissenting voice be heard.

   LOCATION OF THE COMMENCING PROCESS, ETC., ETC.

   The commencing  process in the business of  adulterating and
mixing  imported liquors, generally takes place at the place of im-
portation ; thus, while in New-York the Custom-House returns
show an actual importation of 20,000 halves  of brandy, 35,000
quarters, and 23,000  eighths, twenty or thirty times that  number
are sold by mixers and jobbers to retailers  and country dealers,  as
genuine  French  brandy,  newly imported, and of the  choicest
brand. 
6
  So long as the liquors remain under the Custom-House bond, the
adulterations can not be accomplished;  it is subsequent to their
removal from Governmental charge, and consequently from legal
restraint, that the mixings and amplifications are effected.


    EVASION OF CUSTOM-HOUSE TESTS  AND  BRANDS.

  A Custom-House certificate for half a pipe of genuine imported
brandy is exhibited  to a customer;  he examines the external in-
dubitable signs on the cask of a positive importation; they are
visible in bold relief, not excepting the Custom-House brand ; the
liquor is examined by taste and. smell—no deception is immediately
discovered ;  yet the purchaser is fortunate if the half-pipe contains
more than one gallon of brandy to twenty gallons of the spurious
composition  which he has unwittingly bought for genuine Cognac
or Bordeaux brandy.
  Adulterations have usurped the place of the residue, and the ab-
stracted genuine liquor is reserved for its future similar objects, in
adding to the destructive agents of human happiness and life, and
the hidden catalogue of secret and unblushing infamy.
  Three fourths of all foreign brandies and gins are imported for
the express use, in adulterations, of the mixers and jobbers  of the
day.  The extent to which the trade  of depreciation is carried on,
is only limited by an almost boundless circumscription  to the re-
sources of an infamous ingenuity.   That it has at length arrived at
that point which, in  most cases, embraces the entire substitution
of the home-concocted for the imported article, the most poisonous
and impure  compounds for French brandy, is too well known to
the public to require any further evidence on my part.


                SELF-STYLED IMPORTERS.

  But comparatively few of the self-styled importers of brandy
and other liquors are such in reality ; they may possibly  import in
sufficient quantities to cloak their practices, as mixers, jobbers, and
adulterators—at this point their importations terminate and their
impostures commence.
  In my course as a public expositionist of fraud in the importa-
tion of Gin,  I recently proved, by documents direct from the Cus-
tom-House, that  one  self-styled importer of London Cordial Griti
had not imported more than five pipes in five years, while during
the same period, he had flooded the Western and Southern markets
with thousands of gallons and dozens of " Genuine Imported Lon-
don Cordial  Gin."  Comment is unnecessary on its production.

       MODES  OF  ADULTERATION-CONSEQUENCES.

  Could  the practice of adulteration  in wines  and brandies  be
limited to a  reduction in the  qualities  of these distillations, or to 
7
their flavor, the deception, nurtured by ararice  and ccunmercial
dishonesty, would, nevertheless, be harmless.
  Spoiled water, as such, could not undermine constitutional vigor,
though it might fail to restore it when necessary.
  But alcoholic adulterations take a more unlimited course ; they
not only defraud the purchaser of his money, deprive the hapless
patient of his health, the importer of his reputation, but constitute
a base, dishonorable, destructive  traffic  in  subtile poisons taken
from  the vegetable and mineral  kingdoms:  from the vegetable,
opium, tobacco, henbane, strychnine, Coculus Indicus or bay-berries
and their relatives; from the earths, various elements, too numerous
to detail; from the acids, oil of vitriol or sulphuric acid, spirits of
salts or muriatic acid, and an almost inexhaustible number of other
medicinal poisons.
  These baneful ingredients elaborately mingled together to suit
the specific purposes of the moment, to be mixed with still more
appalling combinations,  are  dispensed to our citizens under the
names of Scotch, Irish, Bourbon, and Monongahela whiskeys, Rum,
Gin, Wine, Brandy, Lager Beer, etc., as refreshing, renovating,
cheerful, and wholesome beverages for our whole population.
  It is a fact  established beyond the possibility of contradiction,
that the  liquor termed " Bourbon Whisket," professedly manu-*
factured in Bourbon County, Kentucky, and vauntingly sent forth
in thousands of gallons, throughout the States, was  not only never
distilled in the county, but never was  within the limits of the
State—that it is nothing more or less than inferior common whiskey
refined by a peculiar process, softened down by the admixture of
various baneful ingredients, charged with the most poisonous vege-
table productions,  the whole cost of which does not exceed twenty-
two or twenty-three cents per gallon, and then sent forth by its
detestable manufacturers to do its work of destruction and death,
under the name of Genuine Bourbon Whisket.  Bourbon County
does not manufacture sufficient whiskey to supply her own State.
  Cincinnati can boast of her preeminence in the manufacture and
sale of Bourbon Whiskey.  I will state on my own responsibility,
derived from the most authentic sources, that there are individuals
in that city whose whole business operations are confined to the
spurious manufacture and sale of this pretended Bourbon whiskey,
at the rate of five,  six, and seven  dollars  per dozen, (the price
being varied in proportion to  the fabulous increased age of the
article,) the cost of which to them, including the bottles, does not
exceed one dollar and seventy-five cents.  A more destructive and
gross imposition than the sale of this drugged, poisonous, alcoholic
mixture, was never palmed on public credulity.
  Such practices insidiously undermine the  commercial character
of the honest and  honorable importer ; he is made  the scape-goat
to a combination of infamous traders and unconscionable traffickers
of whom he has no knowledge, with whom his dealings have been
limited to the  sale of  a few half-pipes of brandy  or other liquors,
but whose subsequent base adulterations of an article sold with his 
8
 brand affixed, force him innocently to  share, in puliic estimation,
 the ignominy of a contemptible fraud.
  I am informed through the columns of one of our daily leading
journals, that the most stupifying and poisonous drugs  are resorted
 to in the manufacture of the far-famed Lagee Beer.
  Under the head of adulterations in liquors, the New- York Tri-
 bune of the 23d June makes a serious charge against a chemist in
 New-York.
  It is stated through this  medium, that this wholesale and retail
 dealer in the bases of vinous  and alcholic adulterations, can in a
few moments manufacture  brandy, Holland gin,  London cordial
gin, Monongahela, Bourbon, Scotch  and Irish whiskies—can  im-
part with  equal facility AGE to  new liquors, convert the most
fiery into smooth and delicious brandy, manufacture almost instan-
taneously the best London  Port wine, and impress it with the im-
mediate crust of age; indeed,  in the whole catalogue of imported
wines and liquors there is not one which can not be manufactured
in this country by the ingenious contrivance of  this drugging
operator on the health of the community.  How many gallons of
the spurious compounds that owe their  celebrity to the ingenuity
and avarice of this  speculator in human existence have already
been sent forth on the work of moral desolation, how many brains
have been inflamed, how many crimes committed under their nox-
ious and maddening effects ?
  The majority of the importations in foreign brandies (so called)
which reach our shores, have had a previous existence in the form
of Whiskey, in our home distilleries ; they are exported to France
in their  primal condition, undergo in that country the process of
coloring and flavoring, are stamped with the  brand of some well-
known French exporter of liquors, arrive   again under  their
transformation in our ports of delivery, pay their duties to the
government, are then re-sold by the wholesale dealers  to the "job-
bers''' and  " mixers" as genuine  imported French Brandy, to be
still further adulterated and poisoned by the liquor doctors of our
own country.
 ^ If the adulterations in wines (assumed to be of foreign distilla-
tion) are less extensive than in brandies and other liquors, they
are much more dastardly and cruel towards a portion of our fellow-
citizens who frequently amid the lingering of disease, rely on vinous
tonic or slightly stimulating effects, for restoration to health.
  In low  fevers, hemorrhages, general debility, and the sequellse
of disease, Port wine is more  frequently administered medicinally
than any other, for its recuperative properties. Avarice has, con-
sequently, sentenced it to more gross adulterations than any other
of its class.
  It is a recorded fact that Oporto can not distill more port wine
than will supply her OAvn people and her privileged English pur-
chasers ; there may be solitary exceptions to this fact, but they are
few and far between.  Yet Port wine, labelled " superior London
Dock Port Wine," with  the vintage from which it was made at- 
9
tached, is as common among our retail dealers and in our  hotels
and taverns as any other distilled beverage.
   Let me place before public view some of the elements  which
enter into the composition  of this home-made,  foreign, London
Doek Port Wine.
   Among them will be found spoiled claret, logwood,  alum, elder-
berries,  red saw-dust,  beet-root, whiskey, gypsum and  bitter al-
monds;  these are the  principal ingredients,  setting aside  sugar,
which constitute imported Port wine—manufactured in New-York
and other parts of the United States.
   The only possible chance  of procuring genuine imported Port
wine, is  to purchase of  an importer whose character and standing
in the community are above suspicion.  In the absence of such a
guaranty, its purity or  impurity can  only be proven by  its  effects
on the malady or the constitution of the patient who imbibes it.
   I would warn all purchasers of this article  not to be misled by
the crest or deposit contained on the inner side of the bottle—
supposed as it actually is in Europe, to be the  test of age. Among
us it is manufactured for the occasion by pouring into the cask or
bottle containing the supposed Port, a heated  and colored solution
of cream of tartar.
   While the white wines, Madeira  and sherry, are  probably  less
often the offspring of direct  fabrication than their companion, the
old Port, the inferior qualities are made to assume the appearance
and flavor of the best, by an admixture of various preparations of
Lead, which, mingling with the acid of the  wine, produces that
deleterious and highly poisonous drug known  by the term ACET-
ATE OF LEAD.
   The effects arising even from the absorption of lead by external
contact, are too well known by the acute and protracted sufferings
which they engender, the oftentimes fatal  consequences  they pro
duce, to require a minute description.
   The disease termed painter's colic, with its long train of acute
suffering, its paralysis of the  nervous system, its total prostration
of the living functions, and, not unfrequently  its  agonizing  death,
is produced  by the mere absorption of lead in painting—nor can
the most minute  particle of the acetate of lead  be received into
the stomach with impunity;  in its highly concentrated state it
enters immediately into the circulation, produces the most deplora-
ble effects on the nervous tissues, giving rise in  the  majority of
cases, to a protracted misery infinitely less desirable than death.
  The constitutional ravages produced by the  almost  universal
adulteration  of foreign  brandies  or other liquors  in common use,
as they are more extensive, are more to be deplored and combat-
ed than  those arising from  home manufactured (foreign) wines:
the mental and physical functions are slowly  but more surely un-
dermined by the latter highly-charged poisonous compounds than
by  any  other means  of destruction which  ingenuity  has  yet
devised,  or cupidity sent forth to slay their thousands and  millions! 
10
                 THE GRAND DISTINCTION.

  The grand distinction between imported liquors (more especially
French brandies) and our own distillations of alcohol, in a chemi-
cal or medical view, arises from the different properties entering
into  the  products from  which they  are respectively made,  and
those which are subsequently acquired in  the process  of manu-
facture.
  The fermented juice  of the  grape  forms the  basis of  pure
French brandy as it  does that of genuine, imported wine; hence
the latter by distillation,  will yield brandy.
  The most select French brandies are made  from the juice of the
choicest  grapes which the vineyards  produce; no decayed or de-
caying fruit is admitted into the distillation.
  They differ from  the purest wines only by their more  powerful
concentration and the total absence of tartaric acid;  they are de-
void of alcohol properly so called, and of all essential  or  corrosive
oils.
  The spirit  of brandy is, truly, the  spirit of wine.  Alcohol, on
the contrary, is the  spirit of grain or potatoes.  The latter can not
be obtained from grapes, nor the former by any process of distilla-
tion from grain or potatoes.
  The alcohol obtained from  grain  or potatoes  contains combina-
tions which, however simple,  harmless, or even nutritious, in their
primary,  divided states, are rendered poisonous in passing through
the chemical changes produced by distillation.
  I shall  select  one among these combinations, to show its per-
nicious influences on the human system by entering, as an element
of disease,  into the  circulation and finally exerting its devastating
powers on the stomach, brain, liver, and nervous system.  It is dis-
tinguished by the term Oleum Litticum, or essential oil of grain.
  The ordinary temperature of distillation will not decompose this
corrosive and injurious oil; it can only be rendered comparatively
innoxious at the furnace heat  of melting iron.
  It is this fixed uncontrollable oil which imparts to all whiskey
made from grain the peculiar rank odor perceptible  in them when
distilled,  as they usually are with us, from grain which has become
diseased  and partly  putrid previously to its fermentation.
  This ingredient is detected in  malt liquors distilled from bar-
ley or other grain,  diseased  before it passed into  the process of
fermentation, but is  never observed in those where a healthy ger-
mination has  preceded the fermenting process, thus proving that
it is the product of  vegetable decay and disease.
  Saccharine or sugar-producing fermentation can only take place
where the alkalies and acids are equally balanced during the process.
  It is termed  saccharine to distinguish it  from the vinous  fer-
mentation which produces wine, containing a new compound com-
bined of  carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, or alcohol.
  In vinous fermentation there is an ultimate  preponderance of the
alkalies over the acids.   In sugar, as I have before remarked, these 
11
ohemical elements are equally divided; in alcohol they are adjusted
in such proportions as to render sugar a definite liquid; it is then
the different proportions in which the alkalies and acids abound in
these substances, that impart to them specific yet distinctive prop-
erties.
  The proportions of hydrogen in alcohol and sugar are identical;
not so with the  oxygen or  acidifying basis; in the latter, it is in
the proportion of three  to one.


                   SUGAR AND ALCOHOL.

  In the conversion of sugar into alcohol by distillation, the former
loses in oxygen what it  gains in carbon.
  That  alcohol is the final result produced by the action of  the
saccharine and vinous fermentations may be readily inferred from
the fact that it  is not subject to the action  of any further stage
when existing  in  its individual  state, and can only be  changed
when remaining in connection with vegetable  acids, by a process
the reverse of that which produced it.
  This  reversed action is  precisely that which we meet with in
what is denominated putrefactive fermentation.


             PUTREFACTIVE  FERMENTATION.

  Putrefactive fermentation commences where acetous  or sour  fer-
mentation terminates, giving an undue and destructive preponder-
ance to the acids  over the alkaline bases  from which sugar  and
alcohol are produced; its termination is the decomposition of the
substances upon which it acts, into their primary inorganic elements.
  It is to this putrefactive  fermentation that we are  in no small
degree indebted for the rank taste and  smell in the production of
the oleum litticum, or oil of grain, which pervades all liquors  dis-
tilled from inferior and  decayed grain.
  Nearly all the grain, potatoes, and molasses  used in the manu-
facture  of the  common preparations of alcohol, pervading these
States, and employed by wholesale in the adulteration of  imported
liquors, have advanced  into the acetous or putrefactive stage be-
fore they are subjected  to  the process  of  distillation; a result of
the undue portion of water in which they have been soaked,  and
which  would produce  a similar effect  on a  single grain  sown
in the field, preventing  its  germination, but  producing its putre-
faction or decay.
  A portion of sugar must  indeed  be formed ere the putrefactive
fermentation commences, or no alcohol could be obtained in distil-
lation ;  but it is equally certain that the products  of  the decom-
posed grain, potatoes or molasses, are distilled  over with the alco-
hol  obtained  from the saccharine matter, and thus become  a
portion of the former.
  If the poisonous oil exists in the bases from which the  alcohol is 
12
formed, no distillation can  change its corrosive character, or pre-
vent its admixture in the highly volatile character which it posses-
ses, with the alcoholic spirit.  It may, from its extreme volatility,
escape visual notice, but its presence is  known by its smell, taste,
and effects, on imbibition.

                         GLUTEN.

  In all vegetable matter, particularly in grain, there exists a prin-
ciple termed Gluten—a substance generally found in connection
with starch, yet distinct from it.
  It is the most nutritive portion of vegetables—a pure extract,
devoid of taste or smell—insoluble in water or alcohol—but solu-
ble in acids and alkalies.  When subjected to acetous influence, it
decomposes or putrefies, evolving an unpleasant odor, precisely
similar to that of animal substances passing into decay; if placed
in water in this state, it  evolves its  hydrogen, thus decomposing
it, as it does most other liquids.   It is supposed to be the cause of
fermentation in all  its forms, including that of  digestion in the
stomach, from which it frequently sends forth those offensive eruc-
tations  which  attend the  process of the  decomposing matter,
whether in the  form of solid food or nutritious beverages.
  In alcoholic liquors distilled from the corrupt mass  to which I
have alluded, it is taken up, retained in its putrid condition, and
acts as a putrefactive agent on the human system, whenever pre-
parations  of alcohol, obtained from  such a pernicious distillation,
are taken into the stomach.
  I am aware  that the alcohol passes off by evaporation—not so
with this poisonous  and fixed oil; it remains in the circulation, cor-
rupting and disorganizing the Liver, Lungs, Spleen, Kidneys, and,
indeed,  all the principal viscera of the system.
  If its destructive influences were here finally arrested—its vic-
tims would at least  escape those future appalling mental and  phy-
sical sufferings which, too  often, attend on their  painful journey
through life—but the brain and nervous tissues finally succumb to
the influences of the poisonous agent, which increases the desire to
obtain it: thus destroying while it soothes.
  Its influences on the system may be slow or rapid—but they are
sure and irrevocable.  Among the external signs of its effects, the
nose gives the  primary intimation, as this organ  is the principal
channel, being the medium for breathing, for the evaporation of
the foul spirit, and for its collection as a local deposit.


        OUTWARD TESTS  OF  THE OIL OF  GRAIN.

  The presence of this destructive agent  may be  proved by rub-
bing the liquor containing it between the hands  until evaporation
ensues, after which a volatile, sulpho-hydrogenous  and ammoniacal
smell, inseparable from putrefaction, will remain.
  When pure French brandy is thus tested, or, indeed, any pure 
13
 imported liquor, it yields only the fine vinous aroma of tie grape
 or wine, from which it is made.
   So perfectly aware are the mixers, jobbers, and adulterators of
 Uquors, of the facts which I have above detailed, that, to a certain
 extent, they have succeeded in counterfeiting the taste and smell
 of the pure article.   In such cases, the effects following the im-
 bibation of the  impure and poisonous  liquor, are the only truly
 painful tests of its presence.

      TENDENCIES OF IMPURE  AND PURE LIQUORS.

   There is an unmistakable tendency in  Uquors distilled from im-
 pure grain, and in those adulterated by jobbers and mixers, to in-
 toxicate ; this effect is estabUshed by the experience of individuals
 and nations—equaUy with then- influences in inducing lasting habits
 of intoxication.
   That such is not the tendency of pure Uquors and wines, is  also
 an estabUshed truth, confirmed by individuals and nations.

               FRANCE  AND  ENGLAND.

   I _ might adduce France in  support of my argument.  In  this
 fertile kingdom  the  most choice brandies are, from their cheap-
 ness, accessible to the  poorer  classes  of society—no  licenses  are
 required for their sale—yet intoxication is scarcely or ever known ;
 if such a case occurs, it forms a rare exception to the predominat-
 ing rule of Temperance, for which the French people are  dis-
 tinguished.
   England, Uke our own country, is the antipodes to France, in
 reference to intoxication.  Impure, home-made,  and  adulterated
 Uquors, are common  in that country.   The consequences are at-
 tendant on the fact—drunkenness in Britain amounts to a national
 disgrace.  There are exceptions to this rule in the higher grades
 of English society.  Intoxication among that portion  of her peo-
 ple, is as rare almost as in France.  The  aristocracy of the island
 are enabled, by their pecuniary means, to obtain the purest liquors
 and wines that France produces, and the consequences  are visible
 in the contrast between its members and those of their plebeian
 feUow-countrymen, who can only obtain alcohoUc mixtures similar
 to our own: both equally fond of stimulants—the one are  sober,
 the other intoxicated, under the specific  influences of the adulter-
 ated draught.

            FRIENDS  OF  TEMPERANCE.

  The friends of Temperance are justified  in denouncing baneful
liquors.  They are a moral  and physical  curse  to our citizens.
Their destroying consequences are not  only local, but national,
extending through every section of our country,  and, Uke the
upas tree, blasting and withering all within their influence. 
14
   But when these zealous advocates of the solus populi condemn
the use of ael cheering and nutritious beverages, merely because
their abuse constitutes a great evil, they have no other rational sup-
port than anuntenable argument, which would apply with equal force
to every physical  enjoyment of life.  As a medicinal agent, pure
wines and spirits are always required.   In the advances of age,
when the vital powers languish and become enfeebled, they are as
necessary as well-apportioned  food  is for the young, in order to
produce perfect  development of the physical  frame.   Subject as
man is to passions, emotions, and mental depressions, dependent
on the differing  states of nervous sensibility, it is necessary that
he should be provided with some agent, in the latter  case,  which
wiU excite  and enliven, without  intoxicating—which wiU impart
warmth to his social feelings without obscuring his mental percep-
tions, or blunting his  moral sensibilities.  Such an agent is fur-
nished in the rational use of pure, unadulterated imported wines,
or other Uquors.
  Temperance and total abstinence differ from each other in their
principle and  effects.  Total  abstinence  wiU necessarily insure
temperance, but  temperance may exist  perfectly independent of
total abstinence.   Wine has been a beverage of aU ages, from the
time of the  Patriarchs to the present  day, with the solitary ex-
ception of some demi-civiUzed nations, as that of Turkey.  By the
Koran, wine and aU  stimulating drinks are forbidden.  If total
abstinence were a necessary element in moral, intellectual, and po-
litical advancement, Turkey would at this day stand on the pinnacle
of national glory.  Yet what is her condition when compared with
that of those nations where total abstinence is not enforced ?   She
is  inferior in every achievement  of intellect,  in moral virtue, in
domestic and poUtical advancement, in  schemes of benevolence
and  improvement, to the most abject  wine-drinking people on
earth.
  So far as the friends of Temperance desire to banish the  entire
list of adulterated  liquors from our markets, they shaU ever have
my most cordial support; but when they attempt, by legislation
or otherwise, to  prevent  the  administration of pure  wines and
spirits as a medical agent,  or  to deprive  the  temperate of
a  social enjoyment,  and, in  many cases, a  constitutional ne-
cessity—the same feelings and views which have prompted  me to
agree with  them in exposing  and denouncing an abandoned and
nefarious traffic in pernicious liquors, compel me to oppose  them
by adopting a new and secure method which I am about to put in
practice, of  supplying superior, pure, and valuable ones, to  fulfill
their specific, humane, social, and useful purposes. 
15
             ANNOUNCEMENT  TO THE PUBLIC.

  _ When, impeUed by my own convictions, and the absolute neces-
 sities of the case, I introduced my Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps
 into the market, in order to banish, if possible, the spurious com-
 pounds sold under the name  of Gin, by the unprincipled dealers
 and tricksters of the day, I was  assaUed by every epithet which
 ingenuity could devise, or  maUgnity invent.  My article was  pro-
 nounced to be an imposition—a home manufacture under the guise
 of a foreign importation.  Combination after combination among
 the mixers, jobbers, and adulterators of Uquors were formed, to
 drive the Schiedam Schnapps out of our Uquor markets, and to
 destroy the then present and future business prospects of its  pro-
 prietor.
   Under this  apparently overwhelming cloud of calumny, false-
 hood, and maUce, firm  in  my convictions, and supported by  the
 conscious rectitude  of my intentions,  I stood unmoved by  the
 clamor of my enemies; my course was onward; I pursued it with-
 out deviating to the left or the  right; my importations through
 the Custom-house soon silenced the charge of home manufacture;
 and the united  testimony of our medical  faculty through  the
 length  and  breadth of the  country,  clergymen, and chemists,
 quickly estabUshed  the reputation of  the Aromatic  Schiedam
 Schnapps as a pure  importation of genuine  alcohol, deprived, by
 an  expensive chemical process, in Schiedam, of every hurtful or
 noxious element.
   The rapid and extensive sale of the Schnapps  over every sec-
 tion of the States, unparaUeled in  the histories of any similar com-
 mercial enterprise, now excited the alarm  and fears of the base
 adulterators in the  Uquor  trade.   Calumny had ceased to effect
 their object; the article was stamped with the seal of universal
 pubUc approbation ;  to vilify could no longer  answer any beneficial
 purpose to its enemies; but the suggestions of avarice immediate-
 ly prompted a more lucrative operation—that of imitating the
 Schnapps, the forging its labels and bottles, its envelopes and cer-
 tificates—and thus reaping  the benefits arising from the  sale of an
 article which their united efforts were impotent to  destroy.
  Those imitations are stiU almost without number, but they must
 graduaUy disappear under the  safeguards with which I  have  sur-
 rounded the Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps, and the  necessary
 pubUc caution.
  I am about to commence, at  the request of my friends, the  sale
 of ALL IMPORTED LIQUORS AND WINES,  on  the same
 plan as that which I have adopted in the sale of the Aromatic
 Schiedam Schnapps.  They will  be forwarded to the  order of
physicians, apothecaries, druggists, and  private citizens, in every
part of  the  Union, in portable and convenient quantities,  direct
from my own  cellar, and at the lowest market prices for which
they can possibly be supplied. 
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