PATENT   SOLA'ff GAS
                         AND

GAS    APPARATUS,

                 PATENTED  BY

  JAMES CRUTCHETT, OF WASHINGTON CITY,
                           FOE.                          j


! LIGHTING CITIES, BLOCKS OF BUILDINGS, HOTELS, CHURCHES, I
                                                        i
     PUBLIC HALLS, RESTAURATS, STEAMBOATS, MILLS,      !

           FACTORIES, AND PRIVATE RESIDENCES.          <
  For General Rights, apply to the Patentee.
  For Rights in Rhode Island and Connecticut, apply to Calvert, Dawes
& Burr, Providence, R. I.
  For Rights in the State of New York, apply to John Skirving, Esq.,
35 Walker Street, New York.
  For Rights in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont, apply
to the Massachusetts Gas Company, Boston.
  For Rights for the Western States, apply to the Solar Gas Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.


              TWASHI\GT«.1V G AS LIGHT COMPANY.
            Wlproprietors of Crutcl.eU's patent for makimr « Solar
          il... ?a8' mu ant,c"jati°n • t a charter by < on»res. (whirih

          ?^,heCOmn"Ue/forthe I,istriot of ColumbiaVpro^e £
          form a company for lighting with iras thprftv/fw. f®
          I ton, the Capitol, the public tn7la?n|*Ld£•"*& £"#£*



         I z~l" MWM to'* by themselves, tor liirhtinir rmKiio n«
          pvtmenteaiut private establishment*   g  * pMl° De"
         ktSfitaSWl? J?**8 wf" be "J*'"* "" ">• 'Oth instant,
         .'ht££e »km»<w J- r- Callan, com. r of E antl Seventh strata
           The capital is not to exceed $ino.OflO. Shares a20-*T^
        jJWd °Leaoh "J»" af the «•»- <* subscribinl %&*££=£
        ^Mee of sntoeqnenf instalments will be given; bnt«nb«oribe™---------
        Tlmaypayoneor more instal ..ents, and the r dividend"wM
          be regnlated accordingly.        B B FRENCH

           Washington, D. C, March 16, 1848. '" F UmmfsSoaer*
 
 
PATENT  SOLAR  GAS
GAS   APPARATUS,
PATENTED BY
JAMES CRUTCHETT, OF WASHINGTON CITY,
LIGHTING CITIES, BLOCKS OF BUILDINGS, HOTELS, CHURCHES,

   PUBLIC HALLS, RESTAURATS, STEAMBOATS, MILLS,

       FACTORIES, AND PRIVATE RESIDENCES.

            PHILADELPHIA:
"North American" Book and Job Printing Office, N. E. cor. of 4th & Chestnut streets.

                  184-7. 
 
    SOLAE GAS  AND  GAS APPARATUS,

                        PATENTED BY

  JAMES  CRUTCHETT,  OF  WASHINGTON  CITY,

  Recently introduced into  the Capitol of the United States at
Washington,  by joint resolution of Congress.—Its adoption by
Government.—Rights purchased by various  Gas Companies for
lighting cities.—Been in use and approved by numerous establish-
ments.—Is adapted to the lighting of Cities, Manufactories, Hotels,
Steamers, Ships, Churches, Blocks of Buildings, Private Residences,
Examinations by Committees,  their Reports.—Certificates of nu-
merous parties having the same in use, &c. &c.
  The Solar Gas is now being introduced into various  establish-
ments where Coal Gas has been  heretofore  used, the  proprietors
of the latter being convinced of the great improvement, brilliancy
and economy  of the  Solar Gas.  It  has been introduced in many
places  where  the Coal  Gas has been long tested.  Many certifi-
cates can be seen by applying  to the proprietor.
  The city of Lexington, Kentucky, is having works erected to
light it by the Solar Gas, and St. Louis, Mo., and Columbus, Ohio,
are making arrangements for the same purpose, as well as other
cities, and numerous manufactories and private establishments.
  As Light is the fourth want of the human family in  the order,
food, clothing, heat and light; therefore, that  Light which can be
supplied cheapest and best, will  command an^immense patronage,
and be a universal blessing;  and is, as it should be,  considered an
improvement  in one of  the  most vital necessaries, as well as lux-
uries of mankind.
  Companies  have been formed in all the Western States, as well
as in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, New York,
and part of Pennsylvania, Delaware and  New Jersey.   Also for
the States of Rhode  Island and  Connecticut; and  arrangements
are now only  wanting to carry out this gigantic  and brilliant in-
vention in the remaining States.  Liberal arrangements will be
made with such companies or  individuals  as  may be disposed to
investigate and engage in the same with energy.
  Cotton Seed Oil (an article  now worthless,) is suitable in  an
eminent degree for  the production of this gas, and will afford a
great income to the South when  this gas shall become introduced.
It will vie with the article of Cotton in value.
  Patent Rights for States or Places, sold, or apparatuses supplied
by                    J. CRUTCHETT, Washington City. 
4
  For Rights and Apparatuses for the States of Massachusetts, New
Hampshire and Vermont, apply to the
                   Massachusetts Solar Gas Co., Boston.
  For Maine, Connecticut and  Rhode Island, to
              Calvert, Dawes & Burr, Providence, R. I.
  For New York, to
        John Skirving, Esq., 35 Walker Street, New York.
  For the Western States, to
                    The  Solar Gas Co., Cincinnati, Ohio,
CRUTCHETT'S SOLAR GAS,  AND  GAS APPARATUS,

  For  illumination  of Cities, Manufactories, Hotels, Steamboats,
Churches, and Piivate Residences, with certificates and reports re-
lating to the same.   Patented  by James Crutchett, Washington,
D. C.
  The  Gas Company of  St. Louis, Missouri, has  recently pur-
chased  of the Proprietor, the Right for the City of St. Louis.

  The  Gas Company of Lexington has recently purchased the
Patent  Right for lighting  that City with Solar Gas, and several
other cities are now making arrangements therefor.
                                       J.  CRUTCHETT.
                 TO CAPITALISTS.

  The subscriber is prepared, either to sell the rights for lighting
Cities, Towns or blocks of buildings, &c. &c, or will take an in-
terest in companies formed for that purpose, either directly or in*
directly, and will furnish, make and put up, apparatus, on reason-
able terms.
  An apparatus of sufficient  capacity to light a city, may be con-
structed, excepting the gas holder, for  about one-fifth the amount
of that of coal gas, and may be managed by any ordinary mechanic
and laborer, thus saving a large item of  expense, in  the  way of
engineer's salaries, &c.  City authorities, corporations, companies
and others wishing to invest capital in the above gas apparatus
and mode of lighting, will find it to their interest to examine into
this previous to making any other arrangements.
  The Gas produced  by this apparatus, is called Solar Gas, from
the color  and softness of the rays being nearer that of the sun
than any other light yet brought into  use, whereby the weakest
eye is not affected or  injured, even immediately after gazing on 
5
the flame of light.  The human eye is adapted to see by the light
of the  sun, and  consequently the artificial  light, whose rays and
color most  resemble  it, are best adapted to  use  with least incon-
venience, and such is Solar Gas  that on  looking at  it at a dis-
tance it seems full of rays brilliant  and sparkling, but on nearer
approach the eye is gratified with  a pure soft flame, full of beauty
and luxurious to sit under.
   This is also the most brilliant of any other Gas yet applied  for
the general  purposes of illumination, and as to cleanliness  purity
and beauty, surpasses  all others, having none of the obnoxious sul-
phurets and acids usually attendant on coal and other gases of that
kind ; qualities that should be highly appreciated, even if the price
were not less than others ;  its cost, as stated by those who use it,
is  certified to be only  about  one-third that of Coal  and  Rosin Gas,
&c, as usually sold, light for light; its simplicity of management,
freedom  from smell in manufacture and uses, are such as can never
be equalled  by Coal, Rosin, Tar and  other kinds, and safety from
fire, such as to  facilitate its general introduction  even in Steam-
boats, seven of which  are at this date running with it, having their
whole interior and exterior  lighted thereby, and several others in-
troducing it on board, after having tried and abandoned Rosin and
other kinds.
   This Gas  is made from any greasy substances, or commonest  oil,
(oil from Cotton seed, and other vegetable plants and  seeds;) united
with oxygen, in such  a manner, and  proportions as  to cause per-
fect combustion  of the  rich carburetts, thereby producing the in-
tense and brilliant light, which to be appreciated  must be seen.
Another and important result,  is that no condensation takes place
in the  tubes supplying the burners,  &c.;  whereas it is well known,
how ammoniacal products  are always  occurring  from Coal Gas,
and as to Rosin, unless made on a large scale and  undergoing  the
most perfect condensation and other processes, will soon choke up
all the tubes and spoil the best fixtures.   This it is which  has
caused the total failure to  manufacture Rosin and Coal Gas on a
small scale, in every instance after a short continuance; the stop-
page of the tubes and  fixtures of Rosin Gas is moreover productive
of all the danger, by forcing its products or material into such con-
tact with fire or other parts of  the apparatus;  rendering such  ap-
paratus unsatisfactory and unmanageable by ordinary persons; and
costly.   Whereas in the Solar Gas Apparatus  no such  condensa-
tion occurs, or impediments are to be encountered.  The specific
gravity  of Solar Gas is usually from two to three times that of
Coal Gas, and this is ever a good test of the illuminating power of
Hydro-carburetts, and bulk  for bulk gives three times the illumi-
nating power of ordinary Coal  gas, and much more than Rosin gas.
   The Solar Gas was introduced  by desire of Congress into  the
       1* 
6
Capitol  of the United  States, at Washington, from the cottage of
the proprietor, on North Capitol street on Capitol Hill, and tem-
porary tubes and burners arranged in the Senate, Lobby, and several
other parts of the building.   The apparatus was examined  by  the
Committee^ as also the statements of several respectable proprietors
of establishments having it in use some three  years;  and  on  the
Senate being  lighted with a  few Solar gas lights, the Senate and
House of Representatives passed unanimously a joint resolution,
of which the following is a copy :
   " Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives  of  the
United  States, in Congress assembled, that the Secretary  of  the
Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, be  autho-
rised and directed to contract'with James Crutchett for lighting up
the Capitol and the Capitol Grounds with  the Solar Gas light, pro-
vided that such contract can  be made upon terms deemed reason-
able by the said Secretary and Clerk, and  that a sum not exceeding
seventeen thousand five hundred dollars be and the same is hereby
appropriated  out of any money  in the Treasury, not otherwise
appropriated, to  carry the said contract into effect."
   Consequently that beautiful pile, the pride of the United  States,
will soon be lighted, and present the most brilliant appearance of
any structure on the globe.
  The following  Certificates, are from gentlemen who have had
the Apparatus in use for several years, and many of whom are
well known in this community.
Statement of the Proprietors of Globe Mills, Covington, Kentucky.
                            Globe Mills, Covington, Ky.
                                       November 12,  184-5.
  We are using Mr. Crutchett's Gas Lights  in  our Bagging Fac-
tory.  We have 60 5-feet burners.  We light 3|  hours in  24,
and consume 25  lbs. of Lard.  We  get  at this fact thus : 58 lbs.
of lard made 52 inches in the gasometer—3^ hours light consumed
22  inches.                           M. J. BLAIR & CO.
                                    WM. M. WALKER.
  Engineer receives 50 cents per week extra for making  the Gas.
                                        From the Cincinnati Atlas.
           CRUTCHETT'S GAS APPARATUS.
  Upon the invitation of Mr. John Lockwood, the proprietor, we
examined Crutchett's Gas Apparatus, now in use in the Broadway
Hotel.   It supplies 42 burners with bright pure gas—and is said
to produce no  bad smell, either from the manufacture or burning.
  But the main advantage over the coal gas is the alleged saving 
7
of expense  in  large establishments.   Capt. Cromwell states, that
the 42 burners, at this season of the year, cost him only 62i centa
each night, or $18,38 per month, and that it  is managed by one
of his porters with very little difficulty.  The services of the per-
son making the gas are not taken  into  the  amount  in  the above
estimate.  In comparing it with the cost of coal gas, Capt. Crom-
well states,  that  the  same quantity of gas which he had  burnt
during the last month—costing $19,38—would  have cost,  if he
had used coal gas, $57,52—giving a saving of $38,15 per month,
or about 66 per cent.  This apparatus  has now been well tested.
It has been used for lighting the Fulton Bagging Factory, in Cin-
cinnati, for two or three years, and in Mr. G. H. Shoenberger's
dwelling house about the same time.   The Melodeon  in  Cincin-
nati, is also lighted with this gas.   Steamboats Pike No. 7 and 8,
the Magnolia, Bulletin, and Belle Creole, have this apparatus on
board, and are  lighted with it.   We understand that the United
States  Hotel, at Wheeling, and several  factories there and else-
where, are also lighted  with this  gas.  We  should not  think it
suited for the lighting of cities  or for  small concerns, but affords
quite a saving for factories, hotels, and where  considerable quanti-
ties are used.  The Gas Company have lately reduced the price of
their gas fifty cents per thousand, which will  materially lessen the
amounts paid in the course of a year by those using large quanti-
ties.
                                          From the Sunday News.

                      SOLAR  GAS.

  Mr. John  Lockwood, of  Columbia street, the  proprietor  of
" CrutcheWs Solar Gas," for the  West, has handed a statement  of
the result of introducing this new kind of light into the " Broad-
way Hotel,"  of this city.   The statement signed by Mr. Crom-
well, gives the following result:—
The Gas  Bill  for the Broadway Hotel for  the  month
     of July,  1S46, for 42 burners, was                  $52 00
Cost of the Solar Gas for August, for 46 burners,          $19 38
                                     Balance,          $33 62
  Showing a difference in favor of the latter of about 60 per cent.
  The gas was manufactured from grease bought  for the purpose,
and the whole apparatus is simple, and easily kept in order.  The
expense of putting up the  entire fixtures of the  Broadway Hotel
was about $500.   For churches,  public  halls, &c, in towns and
cities where cheap lights are required, this discovery is invaluable. 
8
                   CERTIFICATES.

                               Cincinnati, Nov. Wth, 1845.
  This is to certify, that the steamboats Pike, No. 7 and No. 8 of
the Louisville Mail  Line, have been lighted by Solar Gas, under
the patent of Mr. Crutchett, the No. 7 since April last, and  the
No. 8 since July 20th.   The former is lighted  with 34 burners,
the latter with 24.  The expense of light for No. 7 is from 80 to
90 cents per night—expense of No. S under 60  cents, when  the
grease is purchased ; but we  intend using the grease from the cook-
house, which we find answers equally well, in which case the ex-
pense will not exceed 10 cents a night.   The  said Gas Works
work well, are quite simple, and give a more brilliant light than
any other we have seen ; and we confidently recommend its adop-
tion to the proprietors of all Steamboats,  Hotels, Manufactories,
Cities,  Churches, and Residences,  as  being the cheapest, most
brilliant and clearest light we are acquainted with.  We are also
acquainted with  others who have  adopted  it, who are equally
satisfied with its results.
                                 STRADER & GORMAN.
         Proprietors Cincinnati and Louisville U. S. Daily Line.
                                    THOS. FITGERALD.
                                 Clerk Steamboat Pike, No. 8.
  I hereby certify, that I superintended the Bagging  and Hemp
Manufactory of Cincinnati, Ohio; that in December last, a Gas
Apparatus was put in operation on the premises by J. Crutchett,
of this city, for lighting up the factory with gas; that the same
has, since that period, been satisfactorily lighted thereby ;  that the
quality of the gas, and its  light, as far as I can judge, excel any I
have seen in Europe or the United States ; that the space occupied
by the generating apparatus is  one  corner of  the  engine-room,
about three feet six by four; and for  safety, use, and economy, it
surpasses any thing of the kind with which I have ever been ac-
quainted ; and it is the opinion of myself and all scientific gentle-
men who have seen it, that it is entitled to all the recommendation
in our power, it being not only applicable to such establishments,
but churches, private  houses, and vessels of any kind, being free
from the great annoyance  usually caused in making coal and other
gases.
           Witness my hand, this 4th of April, 1845.
                                         G. F. TUCKER. 
9
                               Cincinnati, Nov. 10th, 1845.
       Mr. J. Crutchett.
  Sir,—In reply to your note of to-day, I would state, the Gas
Works put up by you for  the  Fulton Manufacturing  Company,
give full satisfaction.   We burn sevenly-six burners on an average
of three hours in twenty-four,  for which we use twenty-nine
pounds of lard grease.
                  Yours respectfully,
                                       G.  F.  TUCKER,
                       Agent for the Fulton Manufacturing Co,
 Certificate of the Proprietors of the U. S. Hotel, Wheeling, Va.

  This is to certify, that the undersigned, proprietors of the U. S.
Hotel, Wheeling, Va., have  erected in their house a Solar Gas
apparatus, the patent of which they purchased of J. Crutchett, Esq.
They have, say thirty burners, (30)  the supplying of which re-
quires their holder to be  filled about every seventh  day at an
average cost of about seventy-five cents (75 cents) per day, or
($275°) two hundred and seventy-five dollars per annum. At dusk
every night all the burners are lighted, and continue burning till,
say from ten to eleven o'clock, when they are all shut off but say
eight lights, which continue burning all night.   They have had
the above apparatus in operation for the last nine months, and find
it to answer their most sanguine expectations.
                           MITCHELL & CALDWELL,
                                U. S. Hotel, Feb. 6th, 1846.
To J. Crutchett, Esq., Washington, D. C.
   The shoe-black makes the above gas without  assistance or re-
muneration other than his former and usual  wages.
        From G. H. Shoenberger, Esq., Cincinnati, Ohio.

                                 Cincinnati, Nov. 15, 1845.
       J. Crutchett, Esq.
  Dear Sir,__You request me to say how  I  like your Solar Gas.
It is now 18 months since I put it in operation, and have tested it
fully, and to my entire satisfaction.  It proves to be largely eco-
nomical; it costs me 874 cents per week for  my house, and you
know it is not a small one.   I  can only say I Avould be very
sorry to part with it.
                       Respectfully yours, &c.
                                   G. H.  SHOENBERGER,
  Gas made by the coachman. 
id
                           U. S. Hotel, Wheeling, Sept. 1846.
  In May, 1845, the undersigned, proprietors of the U. S. Hotel,
Wheeling, had erected in said house, J. Crutchett's Solar Gas Ap-
paratus, since  which  it has been in constant use, and entirely
iheets their expectations, both as to durability and economy.
                             MITCHELL & CALDWELL.
  Certificate of C. F. Spang, Esq., Pine Creek, Alleghany, Pa.

                                 Pittsburgh, Jan. 8th. 1846.
       J. Crutchett, Esq.
  Dear Sir,—About two months since we started our Gas Works.
When you  left us,  you supposed Mr.  Herron  would assist us.
When he died, we were thrown on our own resources, having no
person that ever saw Gas made.  It affords me much pleasure to
state that we succeeded, and that your whole apparatus exceeds
our expectations.  The  Gas  is made without difficulty, by any
common laborer, and burns beautifully ; and I must say, were the
cost of the apparatus  three times as great, I would not be  willing
to do without it.
                     Very respectfully yours,
                                           C.  F.  SPANG.
  In an accompanying letter of same  date, he  states it works  like
a charm.
                              Pittsburgh, October 3d, 1846.
       John Lockwood, Esq.
  In reply to your letter of  Sept. 24th, it gives  me pleasure to
say, that I still continue to use " Crutchett's Solar Gas," and that
it gives entire satisfaction, having used it now over a year.
                           Respectfully yours,
                                          C.  F. SPANG.
  This is to certify, that Mr.  John Lockwood, of this city, has
made and put up in my house, one of Crutchett's Patent Gas Ap-
paratuses, which supplies 42 burners, at a.cost of 62£ cents each
night, or $19 38 for the last month, and  is  managed with very
little difficulty by one of my porters, after once seeing  it  made,
The apparatus is quite simple, and works  well, and produces no
bad smell from the manufacturing of the gas.  I would here state
that I do not use the grease from  the kitchen, on the  contrary, I
purchase it expressly for the purpose of making gas.  By request
I will compare  the cost of the Coal Gas, which  I have previously 
11
been using, with that of my own making.  My gas bill for July
amounted to $52, less the month 2 days.   The two days I set off
for the usual discount on such bills.  Then add $5 52 more, to
make the number of burners equal, as I now have 4 more than in
July, thus my gas bill, with 4 more burners, would have amounted
to $57  52.   Deduct $19  38  from that, it leaves a  balance of
$38  15 per month in favor of Crutchett's Patent Solar  Gas.  The
difference between the cost of each amounts to 66  per cent.
                               JOSEPH H.  CROMWELL.
  Broadway Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 26, 1846.
      Certificate of the Sexton of the Presbyterian Church.
  This is to certify, that I have attended to making gas from one
of Crutchett's Patent Apparatus, at the Presbyterian Church,
corner of John and Clark street, ever since its erection:  we use
22 burners one night in  the  week,  and 9 burners  each for  two
nights in the week, and find the cost is 85 cents per week, and
gives a brilliant and beautiful light,  and  no difficulty in attends
ing to it.
                                 JOHN BASSETT, Sexton.
Extract of a Letter from Mr. John Lockwood, Cincinnati, Ohio.
                                 Cincinnati, Feb 21, 1846.
       Mr. J. Crutchett.
  Dear Sir,—I have  got my apparatus in operation in my store,
and it works beautifully, besides being admired very much, &c, &c.
                                     JOHN LOCKWOOD.
Letter from the Hon. Col. Pendleton to the Commissioner of Patents.
                                 Cincinnati, April 9, 1844.
  My Dear Sir,—Messrs. Shoenberger and Strader were the Com-
mittee appointed by the Vestry of Christ Church, in  this  city, to
procure gas light  upon a  new plan,  suggested by Mr. Crutchett,
The light has been furnished under the direction of those gentle-
men, and both in quantity and  quality exceeds our  utmost hopes.
The effect of the light  coming  from  the centre of the  ceiling is
very fine.  I have no doubt in  a short  time  Mr. Crutchett's plan
will supercede all others,  and so soon as known will be introduced
into all public edifices.
       I am,  very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                     N. G. PENDLETON.
  H. L, Ellsworth, Patent Office, Washington. 
12
    Certificate from the Engineer of the Bagging Factory of
                       Cincinnati, Ohw.
  I hereby Certify, that I am an Engineer to the Bagging Factory
of William Walker, Esq., of Cincinnati, Ohio:  that in addition to
the  Engine and  Boiler of said  Factory. I have, since December
last, attended to a small fire  in connection with a gas apparatus
put up by Mr. Crutchett, in  December last;  that the Factory has
been  lighted  thereby regularly  since that  period, and that it  has
regulated itself in the making of gas when used—consequently,
although I  have had the care of the apparatus myself, still  I do
not know the principle  in and  by which  the  same  is manufac-
tured  ; that the gas gives a purer light than any I ever  saw, and
the attention  to  the whole occupies but little time, and, as far as
I am  able to form an opinion of the apparatus, consider it one of
the most safe, useful and economical kinds.
  Witness my hand this 4th day of April, 1844.
                                        JONAS I. JONES.
  From the Hon. Commissioner Ellsworth's Report to Congress.
       GAS LIGHT FROM LARD, [OIL OR GREASE.]
  In forming a tabular statement of the relative expenses of gases
for illumination, there will be found much  to reconcile from dif-
ferent chemists; and I think the  best to be relied on, as having
had most practice therein, will be  Brande, Faraday, Ure, and
Phillips,  in England; and Graham, Bridges, &c, in  the  United
States; most of whom are now living.  And  from  the fact that
these gases are of rather recent use, the latest statements from them
will be most useful, and in which the inventor of  the apparatus in
question  [CrutceiettJ  agrees.   The above named all agree in
their statements as to the density and illuminating power  of coal
gas, and  oil gas, and cost  of oil for lamps; and  their statements
are, that  from H to 2  cubic feet of oil gas is equal to from 5 to 6
feet of coal  gas ; their density, also, is in similar agreement—
namely, taking air at 1,000.  All allow light  carburetted  hydro-
gen, or coal gas, to be from 559-5 to 600, and  the density of oil
gas from  189.2 to 196.2 ; thus  does the density of the illuminat
ing power corroborate the opinion usually assigned the two gases.
  In applying these to the gas made from lard, it must be remem-
bered that the whole article—that is, stearine and oil—is converted
as much  as possible into gas ; and that its carbonaceous quality, in
that case, is equal, if not superior, to other common oils ; in which
case, the relative cost  will  be nearly ascertained from the follow-
ing facts.  The gas apparatus in question [Crutchett's] will supply
76 gas burners of great illuminating power, which burn  4 hours 
13
per day ; and the quantity of lard consumed is under 45  pounds,
(which cost $1,35, being of the worst kind, and answering equally
as the best.)   This is about 5fc gallons of oil, and 1 gallon usually
makes 100 cubic feet; therefore, the whole  is about  500 or 550
cubic feet of oil gas; and this  is nearly or  quite equal to thrice
the same amount ol coal gas.  But what is of  importance in con-
nection with the mode of manufacture and apparatus, is a process,
(chemically, by mechanism,) by which the density, illuminating
power, and bulk of the  gas are increased, and this by means of a
self-acting and self-regulating  machine—the nature of which is
only known to the inventor, and was put  up only for experiment,
and is kept private.
   The size  of the apparatus  in question, which  is equal  to the
supply of 500 burners constantly, or 3,000  four hours  per day, at
the lowest computation, occupies a space in the engine room of 3
feet 6  inches by  5 feet,  and altogether self-acting, except a
small fire necessary to be kept under it; the  expense of which,
and all other extras, amounts to 15 cents  per day.
Statement of the  Rev. John T. Brooke, Rector of Christ Church,
                      Cincinnati,  Ohio.
  The Gas burner erected in Christ  Church, of this  city, by Mr.
J. Crutchett, I consider a very great  improvement on the common
method of lighting public buildings ; the light  is soft and pleasant,
and sufficiently clear for reading common print with ease  in every
part of a building which  is 110 feet  by 70, with a ceiling 40 feet
from the floor.   The location of the light at a single point in the
ceiling, from which it is shed down,  makes it not only more  plea-
sant to the eye, but obviates the common inconvenience of lamps
or burners  intervening between the  spectator  and the speaker.  I
can confidently recommend Mr. Crutchett's mode of lighting as
the  best, in  nry  judgment, for  church  edifices  and  other  large
buildings, that I have ever seen.    JOHN T. BROOKE.
   April 23d, 1844.       Rector of Christ Church, Cincinnati.
           Testimonial of Christ Church Committee.
  The undersigned, appointed from the Vestry of Christ Church,
to superintend^the lighting of the same with Gas, contracted with
Mr. James Crutchett, and now take pleasure in certifying that Mr.
Crutchett has performed his contract, and succeeded to our entire
satisfaction, and as we believe to that of the entire  congregation.
                    G.  H. SHOENBERGER, } Committee
                    JACOB STRADER.      \ Committee'
         2 
14
    From the Cincinnati Daily Chronicle, February 19, 1845.

             SOLAR GAS—SOMETHING NEW.

   We understand that our enterprising citizens, Messrs. Strader &
Gorman, are about to introduce the  new Solar gas light on board
their floating palace, the Pike  No. 7, with which the  entire boat
will be lighted.  This is another evidence of the attention they
are accustomed to bestow upon the comfort and convenience of
the passengers on their superior line  of packets.   This additional
convenience must add much to the inducements to travel  on this
most splendid boat.   While running she will present to those on
shore a beautiful sight, alongside of which the other  river  craft
must necessarily " keep  dark."
  We have heretofore noticed this new kind of light; but some
further particulars may not be  uninteresting.  From repeated use
during a  period of more than twelve months, the usual cost of six
bat wing burners, burning four  hours, is found to be about 11 cents.
This is attested  by a number of gentlemen, whose residences, fac-
tories, and  churches, have  been lighted with it.  On  the other
hand, to  supply the  same light, it requires about seven feet of coal
gas to each burner per hour.  This costs at Pittsburgh from 40 to
50 cents; in Cincinnati  from  50  to  60 cents, and  elsewhere  in
proportion.
  The Methodist  P. Church in Alleghany City, is lighted in the
interior by a large powerful burner, equal to about 250 small ones,
similar to those in  Christ Church, Cincinnati.   The former uses
Mr. Crutchett's patent,  the latter the Cincinnati coal  gas.  The
cost of lighting the  Alleghany Church for a service  of two and a
half hours, with the large and  six other burners, is, we are told,
only 55 cents, and for their weekly evening lecture, two and a
half hours, 7 cents ,  whereas, to Christ  Church, lighted  in  the
same manner, the cost is from $15 to $16 per month.
   The light from the  solar gas is much more  brilliant than the
best coal gas, and is of purer quality.  The construction and the
operation of the apparatus for its manufacture  is simple.  The
material  employed is grease of any kind, united with oxygen  by
a  self-acting machine; and any room, residence, church, factory,
or  city,  can be equally accommodated  by it.   Generally, the
kitchen will furnish grease enough to supply the house with light,
which must certainly be a very great economy.
   A short time since  we stated that  St. Louis was to be lighted
by the solar gas;  we  now find it about to  be used on the river;
and we doubt not that  it is destined to  be  extensively  adopted
both for  public and  private purposes. 
15
         From the Cincinnati Gazette, March 27, 1844.

                        NEW LIGHT.

  We visited Christ Church on Monday evening, and  were sur-
prised at the brilliancy of the light.  A correspondent  familiar
with the subject, gives a good description of this new light in an-
other column.   But what walls !  they are  dirty enough  to  spoil
the best light in the world.   We hope they will be  washed at
least.  (Cleanliness  is deemed, we believe,  a Christian virtue,)
and trust further that some pains will  be taken by the members of
that enlightened  church to have  them freshly painted.  Were
this done this new light would be beautifully brilliant.
  Sunday evening was  the  first time the new light at Christ
Church was used in public.   The  common lamps were removed
from the body of the church, yet the  light  was sufficient to read
the  smallest diamond print  in the farthest corners of that  large
building.  The light is enclosed in two  strong glasses put together
in segments held firmly in metallic frames; the outer  glasses are
ground, and about one-third of the light is absorbed thereby; but
this makes it more pleasant to the eyes, the glare through  clear
glass being too powerful.
   After service  the light was increased  one-third more.  It  is the
inventor's object to temper  the glasses  by  degrees, and therefore
the increase must be gradual.
   The quantity of gas consumed by this mode is only the same as
20 gas burners would take at 8 feet each per hour, and it would
take at  least 36 to light the church up  in  the ordinary manner;
the principle being the greater quantity of gas properly consumed
in one focus the more light  in proportion to that quantity.  Thus,
a half foot of gas per hour is equal to  one candle, If  to 2 candles,
3 feet to 10 candles, and  160 feet to 1200 candles or 120 gas lights.
When it is considered how  dark are the walls and ceiling of the
church, the wonder is how such a light is obtained, as  every par-
ticle of  light falling all over the church is completely absorbed.
The light,°the first in the United States of the kind, differs from
the  Bude, or  Gurney light, in that  there  is  no  extra supply of
oxyo-en.  The Houses of Parliament  in England, the  large halls
of which are lighted by  the Bude  light, are only about two-thirds
the size of the above church, and yet it  has a number of large
burners, whereas the light of Christ  Church  can be increased to
any extent, or can be made sufficient for the whole city.
   The  upper part of the burners is secured by various  iron plates,
so arranged as to keep the externals quite cold, and the hand can be
held even in the inmost air space, thereby rendering it perfectly safe, 
16
         From the Cincinnati Atlas, December 13, 1843.
            STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURE.
  The factory is  warmed by steam, which secures an uniform
temperature throughout the rooms, greatly to the health and com-
fort of the operatives.   It is also lighted by gas of its own manu-
facture, in which  respect it stands alone among the various Bag-
ging Factories of  the United  States.   The value of these  means
of light and heat, as  regards economy, safety from  fire, and
efficiency, is very great.  The Gas  Works, which are on a novel
principle, and constructed by Mr. James Crutchett, lately settled
in Cincinnati, are remarkable  for simplicity and ingenuity, occu-
pying, in one corner of the engine-room, a space  not greater than
four  by eight feet.  They are of 500 burner capacity, although
76 burners only are actually in  use,  and the raw material  em-
ployed  is lard,  of which an inferior quality answers every pur-
pose ; of this, twenty-nine  pounds  are consumed every  night.
The  Gas Works were put in  operation in less than three weeks
from their commencement.
  A great saving  is effected by the  use of gas.   Twelve  hours
make a  day's work, but from the first of October to the first of
April, after allowing for meals, the average  of sufficient daylight
to work by, is not over eight  hours and  a half;  so that the gas
affords an actual saving, during  that  period, of more  than one-
fourth the entire expense of carrying  on the  factory.
        Certificate of the M. P. Church, Alleghany, Pa.
                              Pittsburgh, Pa., Feb. 3, 1845.
  I hereby certify, that I have had the care and management of
a Solar Gas Apparatus erected and patented by Mr. Crutchett in
the summer of last year ; that the M. P. Church of Alleghany has
been regularly lighted by it since its erection ; that the gas is more
pure and brilliant than  any I have hitherto seen;  that I have
made careful experiments during the above period, and find from
repeated use that six  bat-wing  burners, burning four hours, costs
11 cents, and this when the gas has been  made  under  every dis-
advantage, therefore would be rather less, as usually made.
  That the body of said church is lighted by but one large power-
ful burner, giving the light of  from 200 to 300 common burners
which has been  in use every Sabbath evening  for four months;
that the cost of lighting said  burner, together with  eight others
outside and in passages, &c, is 55 cents, for a service of two hours
and a half long.   That the whole apparatus is  attended with no
difficulty of management, and has exceeded the hopes of all who
have had any thing to do with said church and others.
                                    JOSEPH HERRING.
  Witness—C. McKbe.     (Gas made by the Sexton.) 
17
Extract from a description  of the splendid Steamboat Magnolia,
            of the Louisville and New Orleans Line.

  Every part of the boat is lighted with gas, (manufactured by
Crutchett's Patent) in such a manner as to avoid all hazard.   The
cabins and guards are brilliantly lighted.  The rich  chandeliers
in the former produce a fine effect;  they are  hung  with  ball and
socket-joint,  and  swing with the motion of the  boat.  There is
said to be less risk from the  use of gas than oil, it not being neces-
sary to carry lights about the boat.
           From the Pittsburgh Gazette and Advertiser.

                 NEW  SOLAR GAS LIGHT.

   We were present last evening at the new Methodist Protestant
 Church of Alleghany city, and were  much gratified by the man-
 ner in which  it was lighted.  The whole is entirely new to any
 thing we  have ever seen.  The gas is not produced from coal or
 any thing of thekind, but from greasy material united with oxygen.
 Its brilliancy  exceeds the be.it coal gas, and its purity greater than
 any other mode of light at present brought into use, and  what is
 of the greatest importance to the consumers, the  cost amounts to
 only about one-third that of coal gas, as usually sold, that is, for
 the same  quantity of light.   The apparatus generating it is of
 small capacity and simple operation ;  that part requiring greatest
 nicety is self-acting by the pressure of gas, and requires no atten-
 tion ; indeed, such an  one is  applicable to every use, from  the
 large town and city to the smallest manufactory, church, or pri-
 vate residence, in several of which we understand it is in success-
 ful operation,  and some have  been in operation several months,
 fully answering the statements of the  inventor, and the anticipa-
 tions of the Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, Commissioner of Patents, who
 in his report to Congress in the spring goes considerably into par-
 ticulars, occupying some three pages  on  the subject.   This gas,
 and the apparatus for making it, has been patented  by the inven-
 tor in all  particulars here and  in  Great Britain,  and from  the
 satisfaction it gives to those who have  used it, and its general adap-
 tation to every isolated as well as crowded establishment, it will
 certainly make quite a revolution in coal gas works, and the mode
of general illumination.   Our readers will remember high testi-
 monials given of it in Cincinnati papers a few months since.
   A material  improvement  in the carrying out  of lighting with
gas is the  manner of placing  one burner in the interior of the
church near the ceiling by which the whole interior is splendidly
       2* 
18
illuminated, allowing any person who can read, to use the smallest
diamond print in the farthest corners of this building, which is of
large dimensions.  There are two  columns on the side of the
pulpit to carry out the design of the altar, but the light they afford
is not requisite for the use of the minister, that  coming from the
ceiling being sufficient to overpower every thing, and there seems
to be hardly any limit to its power of light, if the same  is fully
turned on.   In fact the whole building is a complete flood  of light,
and the beams falling from a height  of about 30 feet, renders it
pleasurably soft and agreeable, but to be  appreciated and felt, it
must be seen, as  no description thereof can  convey to the reader
a proper idea.  We understand that when the head of light is on,
it is  equal to many hundred  gas  burners  of large dimensions, the
whole is polarized  and modified by passing through several hun-
dred glass prisms and drops, and the arrangement displays  to  ad-
vantage the beauty and symmetry of the interior of the beautiful
edifice.
  The new Methodist Protestant Church in Alleghany city  has
been fitted up  by the patentee, J. Crutchett, Esq., of Cincinnati, 0.
It is  in  contemplation to introduce  it into several  factories in
Alleghany.   We may mention, respecting the cost, that from $3
worth of grease abundant gas was made, sufficient for all purposes
of the church from six to eight weeks.  Besides the great burner
in the centre, there is about  twenty small ones  in the  basement
rooms and outside.  The gas, we observed, was  very heavy, and
ignited several feet below the burner when lighted.  We advise
all  our readers to go  and  see  this  very  novel  and  beautiful
spectacle.
     From the Boston Daily Advertiser, January 23<i, 1847.
   CRUTCHETT'S  PATENT SOLAR GAS APPARATUS.
  We have recently  had an opportunity to see this apparatus in
use in this city.  By it  an illuminating gas is produced  from any
common oil, or fatty substance, and it  is asserted  by those who
have had it  in  operation  for several  years, to produce a light
which is 60 per cent, cheaper than that from coal and rosin.
  Gas was made from  oil in England, more than 20 years ago,
but was found too expensive for general use, and until this inven-
tion of Mr. Crutchett's it has never been able to compete in price
with the gas made from  coal or rosin, but by  this apparatus, light
is made of greater brilliancy than  that produced by the best of coal
and rosin, and, it appears that it can be afforded at one half the cost.
  This result is effected by the peculiar apparatus invented by Mr.
Crutchett, by which  from 40 to 50  per cent, of atmospheric air, 
19
(containing as is well known a proportion of oxygen) is added to,
and mixed with the carburetted hydrogen before it reaches the
burners, and  this in exact and determinate proportions, so that all
danger of an explosive mixture is entirely prevented: an advan-
tage never before obtained.  This is effected  by a self regulating
machine, so contrived that it is supposed to be impossible for it to
get out of order.   Its safety is known not only from the examin-
ations  which have been made by  many distinguished chemists,
but from the fact that it has been in constant use now for four yeare
in  several  factories,  hotels,  and private houses in Cincinnati,
Wheeling, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, and Washington, as  w<dl as  in
eight or ten steamboats now running on  the Ohio and Mississippi
rivers.  In no  case has any defect of any kind yet been observed.
   Its manifest  advantages and the great saving of expense,  result-
ing from the  increased brilliancy given to  each burner,  by the
application of the oxygen of the air before burning  ; the freedom
from the deleterious effects of sulphuric  and  other acids, inherent
in all kinds of coal gas, upon silver  ware and all kinds of gilding,
as well as upon the  health; and  the beauty and softness  of the
light.
   The compactness of the apparatus—taking  up but  little room,
and costing a trifle compared with the  expense of apparatus  for
making gas from coal or rosin—is another advantage ; and  as this
gas does not corrode or injure in the slightest degree any metallic
substance, lead pipes can be used for conducting it inside of build-
ings, instead of iron or brass, as with coal or rosin.  This causes a
 great saving of expense.
   We have  seen many printed commendations of this apparatus
 and the  gas made from it, which have appeared in the Western
 papers, and have been highly pleased by the appearance of the gas
 and the simplicity of the apparatus.  Since we have been prepar-
 ing this article, we have seen the following notice  of its applica-
 tion in Washington, which we copy from the Intelligencer:

                   GAS LIGHTS  ON CAPITOL HILL.
    One of the most striking and brilliant improvements that  we
 have  lately noticed in this metropolis  is that  of  Mr. Crutchett,
 who has not merely lighted up North Capitol street, by the intro-
 duction of nine solar gas burners between his residence and  the
 Capitol gate,  but  actually illuminated  Capitol  Hill by these  in-
 comparably beautiful  and splendid lights.   We understand that
 these nine gas lights are all supplied from  the  beautiful  cottage
 residence of Mr. Crutchett, which is entirely lighted with solar
 gas, including its parlors, bed-rooms, porticos, porches, and  garden,
 rendering the whole most beautiful to the eye when viewed either
 externally or internally.  The light emitted from these gas burners
 is so strong and brilliant that a person may read small  print  by 
                              20

them in the street without the slightest difficulty.   Compared with
these gas lights, the lamps^around the Capitol appear quite dim—
serving only to make " darkness visible."   We sincerely hope that
the time is not far distant when not only the Capitol, but the public
buildings and  Pennsylvania Avenue may have the benefit of  the
solar gas light.

           Pascal  Iron Works,  Philada., Uh Month 1th, 1847.
To J. Crutchett,  Washington  City,
       Patentee of Solar Gas Apparatus.
   We have pleasure in stating that after three months trial of the
Solar-Gas, burning  some 40  or 50 lights in our finishing rooms and
machine shops, we have concluded to extend  it still further, so as
to light up our Foundry and other parts of our Works.
       Respectfully thy friends,
                           MORRIS, TASKER & MORRIS.

           From the New York Sun, April 19,  1847.
                    NIBLO'S GARDEN.
     FREE EXHIBITION OF CRUTCHETT'S SOLAR GAS
   This gas is now being introduced into the Capitol and public
buildings at Washington, and in the city of Lexington, Kentucky.
There are now upwards  of sixty steamboats,  churches, factories,
public buildings, and dwellings, illuminated by this gas.  Refer-
ence is made to the following steamboats on the Ohio and  Missis-
sippi rivers:—Magnolia, Bulletin, Belle,  Creole,  Pike, Herald,
Mercury, Furies, Nos. 7. and 8, and fourteen others. Cincinnati—
Rev. J. T. Brooks, Rector of Christ Church; this church is lit by
a single burner from the ceiling;  Presbyterian Tabernacle, do. ;
Broadway Hotel, William Tell,  do.;  Exchange Building;  M. T.
& C. Day's Granite Buildings;  Fulton Manufactory, do.; Miss
Longwood, residence ;  G. H. Shoenberger, do;  J.  Strader, do;
J. Lockwood, do.; Globe Mills, Covington, Ky.; N Staten Hotel,
Wheeling, Va.; Methodist  Church, Alleghany, Pa. ; H. Tiffany,
Baltimore,  Md.;  Coleman's Hotel, Washington  City; Morris,
Tasker & Morris' Factory, Philadelphia.
   Several of the above  parties have had their buildings  lit up with
coal and rosin  gas, and have abandoned those sources, the Solar
Gas  being  found  cheaper,  cleaner, and  more suited  to  health.
In two instances the parties had coal at their own  doors.  JOHN
SKIRVING, Sole Agent for the  State of New  York, has an appa-
ratus in operation in Crosby street, between Prince and Houston
streets, i i the r?ar of Niblo's lot, where he  will be pleased to show
the same to any person from 10 A. M.to 5 P. M.   He has also
certificates from those who are now using the light in his  posses-
sion, which will satisfy the  most skeptical. 
21
         Letter from Professor Jackson, of  Boston.
                                     Boston Feb. 24, 1847.
Messrs. Curtis & Randall,—
  Gentlemen : I have made  a  number of  experiments with the
two bags of Oil Gas  you sent me for trial, and find that the mix-
ture of atmospheric air with it, as made by your Gas Metres, does
not render it explosive.   I have mixed air with it in various pro-
portions, and have tried  it in  Volta's pistol,  by  electric sparks and
by flame, and am satisfied  that  40, 50 or 60 per cent, of air may
be safely mixed with the Olifeant Gas, which, thus  prepared, is
not explosive.   It is evident,  therefore, that there can  be no
danger  in using  it for  lighting houses or factories.  Its freedom
from sulphydric acid gas is much in its favor, and makes it prefer-
able to  ordinary gas from coal,  as regards its influence  on health.
The products of its combustion are identical with those  from ordi-
nary tallow candles  and oil,  while the freedom from smoke from
the gas, renders it much superior to ordinary lamps, and the light
is also more intense.   The question with regard to the introduction
of your gas apparatus into factories, and other large establishments
where the gas from the  city works cannot be obtained,  is reduced
to that of economy, and will depend  upon the price of ordinary
oils, unfit for burning in  lamps, and  on  that of tallow, or other
fatty matters, unsuitable for the manufacture of good candles.   I
have seen the gas  lights which  were used in the Atlantic steamer
before she was wrecked, and was  much pleased with the  simpli-
city and beauty of the apparatus, and the brilliancy of  the lights.
I have also seen  the gas burned at your works, and observed that
the same apparatus was used there with the same results.
                 Respectfully your ob't. serv't.,
                                       CHAS. T. JACKSON.
   31 Somerset street, Boston.
To the Solar Gas and Foundry Co.
  Gentlemen :  You have asked of me an expression of opinion in
relation to  the  comparative salubrity of an atmosphere in which
oil or coal gas is burnt.  The products produced  by the combus-
tion of  both these  gases in a pure state are the same.  Coal gas,
as ordinarily purified, contains sulphur compounds, which,, in the
combustion of the gas forms acid vapors  or volatile  salts, and to
the extent of their existence  in  the gas, renders the  atmosphere
less fit for respiration than that in which  oil gas is burning.
                       Respectfully yours,
                                  A. A.  HAYS, M. D.,
                                             State Assayer.
  Roxbury Laboratory, March 25, 1847. 
22
 Extract of a letter from Henry Tiffany, Esq., of Baltimore, to
     Geo. Calvert, of Virginia, dated  19th of March, 1847.
  In regard to the Solar Gas, it gives me pleasure to say that it is
more brilliant  than any coal  gas I have ever seen, and withal, a
white, soft light.
  In my opinion it is much cheaper than  any other light, where
quantity is desired.
  If I  could get gas at double the cost  of oil, I would not use the
latter,  both for its trouble, cleanliness and danger.
  I sent to Cincinnati for the works I  now have, and so far would,
under no ordinary circumstances, be deprived  of its Comfort as
well as its Luxury.
  Report of the Committee appointed to investigate the cost of the
                     Coal and Solar Gas.

                  From the Cincinnati Atlas, March 3, 1846.
   Mr. Editor, Permit me, through the columns of your paper, to
lay before the public the result of an investigation of the Commit-
tee appointed by the Sons of Temperance, to ascertain the compa-
rative cost to the city, of Coal Gas, and that of Crutchett's, or the
Grease Gas.   The Report  is as follows, made by the Chairman of
the Committee:
   I ascertained the amount of gas bills for my store for four burners
six months was $41 77, and would amount to  per year $83 54,
and for each burner $20 88 per year, at an average of 3 hours per
night.   Taking this as  a  standard, were we  to use, as we shall,
twenty burners, it  would  amount to  per year $417 60.   I was
informed by Mr. Tucker at the Fulton Bagging Factory, that they
make from one hundred and ten pounds of grease Gas sufficient to
supply eighty  burners two and a  half hours  each  day for  one
week; then adding  one-fifth for extension of time  as  we would
use it  three hours, it would then  cost us per week for twenty
burners $1 86, and for one  year at the same rate, $96 72.  Take
this amount from the amount of Coal  Gas, it leaves a nett balance
in favor  of the Grease Gas of $320 88  per year for 20 burners.
Multiply this by ten years, the length of our lease, and the balance
amounts to the sum of $3,208.  The result would be as follows :
   Coal, or City Gas, for ten years, at $417 60,      $4,176 00
   Crutchett's or Grease Gas, ten years, 96 72,         967 20

   Net balance in favor of Grease gas, ten years,    $3,208 80
   Leaving a balance in favor of the above gas for each and every
year, on twenty burners, averaging three hours daily, $320 88.  I
have not included the interest on the  apparatus, as the interest on 
23
the gas bills from year to year, will overbalance this considerably,
I will carry out the above calculation, for the purpose of showing
to those persons using large quantities of gas, and who as a matter of
course are  obliged to pay a  large bill at the end of  each month,
the economy there would be in their adopting this apparatus, and
making  their own gas.   Suppose  they are using forty burners
during the  same time as above, it  leaves them  a balance in  their
favor, for one year, of $641,76.   If they use sixty burners,  it
would leave them a balance of $962 64 ; and so on, as the number
of burners  increase.  And  as all hotels, restaurats, &c, make a
very large  quantity of grease, for which they get  comparatively
nothing, by using the same for gas, it will still reduce the cost of
the article from the above estimate to them.  The  cost for manu-
facturing, it will be recollected, was included in the first estimate
—which, of itself, was a mere trifle.
   With the above statements, which are  correct,  I would leave
the subject  at present, hoping that those  persons using a great deal
of light, and  paying a large amount of  money for the same, will
examine the subject, and see if it is not  for their interest to adopt
this new mode of saving  a  great deal of money by a very small
investment,                                   ECONOMY.
         From the Cincinnati Gazette, Nov. J1, 1845.

   Messrs. Editors: As inquiries are being made to  ascertain the
cost of gas made from coal and other materials, to ascertain which
is the cheapest, I submit below some facts and calculations, going
to show that the price charged for coal gas exacts of the consum-
er much more than he would have to pay for gas made of  grease.
   Bowler's gas factory, east of Deer Creek Bridge, is lighted with
gas [Crutchett's solar gas]  made of grease on the premises.   They
light 76  burners, and keep them lighted 34  hours  in the 24, or
per day.   To supply these burners for six and a half days, requires
109 pounds of grease at 34 cents a pound, which, with  the other
expenses, makes the cost of  light for the 76 burners  less than 80
cents per night!  To supply the same burners with coal gas would
require upwards of 6  feet an hour, but  say 6 ft, which would be
456 feet  an hour, or 1,590 a night.  This at $3 50 per 1,000 feet,
would swell the price charged to $5 50 a night!  a difference in
favor of  grease of $4 80  a night!  The coal gas is supplied  by
the Gas Company; the grease or solar gas is made under Crutchett's
patent by the consumer.   The difference is very great, and  proper
economical considerations should  induce inquiry into the subject by
those interested, if no  other considerations will. 
24
           From the Boston Traveller, Jan. 5, 1846.

  KF"" Solar illuminating gas was invented by an English chemist,
of the name  of Crutchett.  This gas is  employed expressly for
illumination.  The mode of making and using it, in conjunction
with various parts  of the ingenious apparatus, form the subject of
his patents, which were taken out  in  England  first, and then in
the United States.  .This  solar gas is  made  from common oil or
ordinary fatty matter, and is declared to be more than 60 per cent
cheaper  than, and at  the same time, altogether superior in its
effulgence, and in  every respect, to that made from coal.  It is
now used in numerous churches, factories, hotels, steamboats and
cities at the  West and South.  Rights under the patent have been
sold in all the principal states; and as  the apparatus can be had
on moderate terms, and for lighting a city for instance, does not
require a third or fourth of the room now occupied by the  large
and expensive works necessary for the production of coal gas—it
seems destined to be introduced into all the small business towns,
as well as the most populous places.
  Since waiting the above, it is stated  that the exclusive right to
the Solar gas apparatus has been purchased  for Massachusetts and
several other New England States, by a company of enterprising
and successful gentlemen of this city ; and that they have already
erected their machinery at East Boston, where  it may now be seen
in full operation.
  In addition to the foregoing, the following Certificates of a later
date are offered.

Extract of a letter received in the city from Wm. M. Walker, Esq.
              of Cincinnati, dated July 28, 1846.

  —---" As to the  Solar Gas I can say that I was  the  first to
venture in the experiment here,  and  after using it for over three
years, I am clear  that it is the  most economical and safe lio-ht that
has yet been  introduced.  We pay our Engineer 75 cents per
week for attending to it during the season; any  ordinary man can
take charge of it.  Since the receipt of your letter, I  have taken
pains to ascertain what it  costs per week for lighting our mill
We have 58 five-feet  burners,  lighting on the average 2{ hours
each day, and the Engineer  assures me that 20 lbs. of the  poorest
grease  (or say 24  gallons oil) will  make  gas sufficient for three
hours.   In factories, or other  large establishments, this mode of
light is most admirable. 
25
Extract of  a letter from Rev. J. T. Brooke,  Rector  of Christ
              Church, Cincinnati, July 27, 1846.

  In reply to your inquiry respecting the Solar Gas light intro-
duced into our church by Mr.  Crutchett, I would state, that  our
Congregation are entirely satisfied with it, so much so, that they
would not exchange it for the common mode of lighting, if such
an exchange were offered free of expense.  It has not, to the best
of my knowledge, been out of order, or needed any repairs since
it was put up.  The peculiar advantages of this mode of lighting,
are its softness, and its elevation,  so as not to  interfere between
the speaker  and the hearer, which is especially  agreeable to those
of the audience whose eyes are weak.
From a letter received in this city from C. F. Spang,  Esq., of
                  Pittsburgh, Oct. 21, 1846.

  In regard to  Crutchett's  Gas Apparatus, I will cheerfully give
you such information as I possess.  We have had the apparatus in
operation about one year.   We use about  12 burners through the
evening, and in winter  make  gas about every 10 days.   One of
my men makes the gas, and to fill the holder, uses about six gallons
of the roughest kind of grease.  The  coal used is a mere  trifle.
Mr. Heron has taken great  pains to ascertain the  expense of each
burner per night, and I am satisfied it does not exceed two cents
for three hours, which must be much less than the cost of burning
oil or candles.  I have found no condensation  in the pipes  what-
ever, and as we take  the gas in a lead pipe, 200  yards to the
dwelling-house, and the pipe is laid only six inches under ground,
if there was any condensation, it would freeze and soon make itself
manifest.   As regards expense, safety, and beauty of  light, I can
express perfect satisfaction, and  should be very unwilling  to be
without the apparatus.                       C. K  SPANG.
Extract of a  letter from E.  F. Tucker, SupH. Fulton Bagging
              Factory Company, Nov. 19, 1846.

  Dear Sir,—We have had Mr. Crutchett's Apparatus in constant
use in our factory since December, 1843, and find it very durable,
simple in its arrangements, and meets  our  most sanguine  expec-
tations.
       3 
26
Certificate from Samuel S. Coleman, of National Hotel, Washing'
                ton, D. C, August 26, 1846.

  This is to certify, that I have one of Crutchett's Solar Gas Ap-
paratus in operation for illuminating my  house.  I have some  80
burners of great illuminating power, which consumes 25 pounds
of common grease per  night, which, at 4 cents per pound, with
fuel and attention, I find costs $1  25 per night.  I burn my lights
very freely, and a number of them all night, and I can confidently
recommend the gas as superior in brilliancy and  freedom from
obnoxious smell, to any  other kind,  whilst  its cost is  as above
stated.
               (Signed,)        SAMUEL S. COLEMAN.
Extract of a letter from Messrs. Mitchell Sf Caldwell of the United
                States Hotel, in Wheeling, Va.

                                  Wheeling, Oct. 1, 1846.
  Dear Sir,—In answer to yours of the 23d ultimo, I can state
that we had Crutchett's Gas Apparatus erected in our Hotel about
eighteen months since, and find it  to answer our most sanguine
expectations.   We have some thirty burners, about half of which
burn till 11 o'clock, and several of them all night, at  an expense
of about $240 per annum for the grease of which the  gas is made,
(which is about 66 cents per night.)  The other expenses, fuel, &c,
are  trifling.    Our apparatus cost  us about $1100,  including
every thing.
                 Yours respectfully,
                            MITCHELL & CALDWELL,
             THE MASSACHUSETTS'

        SOLAR  GAS AND  FOUNDRY COMPANY,

Are now ready to put up the above Apparatus in Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, and Vermont, of any size, suitable for Cities,
Villages, Factories,  Hotels, Machine  Shops, Steamboats, Private
Mansions, or other buildings, and the  public are  invited to visit
and examine an Apparatus now in  operation at the  Foundry,
East Boston. 
REISER  TO
  WILLIAM TELL RESTAURAT, on Fifth Street, between
Main and Walnut, Cincinnati, 0.
  M. T. & T. C. DAY'S GRANITE BUILDINGS, on Walnut
Street, Cincinnati, O.
  SHULTZ & CO., BAGGING FACTORY, Maysville, Ky.
  STEAMBOAT MAGNOLIA, New Orleans.
  STEAMBOAT BULLETIN, St. Louis.
  STEAMBOAT BELLE CREOLE, New Orleans.
  STRADER & GORMAN, Cincinnati, O.
  PRESBYTERIAN TABERNACLE CHURCH, Cincinnati, 0.
  GLOBE MILLS, Covington Ky.
  BROADWAY HOTEL, Cincinnati, O.
  C. F. SPANG, Pittsburgh, Pa.
  STEAMBOATS PIKE, No. 7 and 8, Cincinnati, 0.
  UNITED STATES HOTEL, Wheeling, Va.
  JOSEPH HERRING, Pittsburgh.
   GEORGE H. SHOENBERGER, Cincinnati, O.
   CHRIST CHURCH, Cincinnati, O.
   BROADWAY EXCHANGE, Cincinnati, O.
   GEO. COLLIER, ESQ., St. Louis, Mo.
   H. F. TIFFANY, ESQ., Baltimore, Md.
   LEXINGTON SOLAR GAS COMPANY, Lexington, Ky.
   MASSACHUSETTS SOLAR GAS COMPANY, Boston.
   MORRIS, TASKER & MORRIS, Philadelphia, Pa.
   ASHBURY DICKENS, ESQ., Secretary of the Senate of the
 United States.
   B. B. FRENCH, ESQ.,  Clerk of  the House of  Repre-
 sentatives.
   GEORGE CALVERT, ESQ., Va.
   JOHN SKIRVING, ESQ., New York.
   RUFUS DAWES, ESQ., of Washington City.
   SAMUEL J. BURR, ESQ., of Philadelphia.
   SAMUEL CURTIS, ESQ., Boston.
   HON. J. E. MORSE, St. Martinsville, Louisiana.