Influence of the Thyroid Gland 
on Nutrition, : : ! ! : : : : : : 
The Treatment of Goitre, Etc, 
by Desiccated Thyroids. : : : : : 
On “Internal Secretions.”: : : : 
With the Compliments of. . . 
Armour & Company, 
. . CHICAGO .. Influence of the Thyroid Gland 
on Nutrition. 
The Treatment of Goitre, etc., by 
Desiccated Thyroids. 
On “ Internal Secretions.” 
Armour & Company, 
CHICAGO, The Armour Printing Works. 
. . . 1895 . . . The following article by Prof. Chittenden, of Yale, appeared 
in The Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette of September, 1895; 
INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON NUTRITION. 
For years the so-called ductless glands were looked upon as having 
little physiological importance, but gradually evidence has accumulated 
which indicates that these structures have the power of forming substances 
endowed with marked physiological action; substances which undoubtedly 
play an important part in the ordinary metabolism going on in the body. 
Anyone who has witnessed the action of a simple aqueous extract of the 
suprarenals on the heart and on general blood-pressure will be convinced 
that these glands, however small and insignificant they may have been con- 
sidered in the past, unquestionably manufacture one or more very potent 
substances which must have some function to perform in the general meta- 
bolism of the body. In other words, these ductless glands evidently give 
rise to a secretion which, unlike ordinary secretions, does not pass out of the 
body or into any particular channel, but is a true internal secretion, the 
components of which may be absorbed and thus distributed throughout the 
body, with possible manifold action. 
With regard to the thyroid gland, attention was attracted to its func- 
tional power when observations showed that its operative removal from 
man was attended with a diseased condition of the body—the so-called 
Cachexia thyreopriva—which showed close similarity to myxcedema, where 
the thyroid is found to be atrophied and in a completely functionless condi- 
tion. Experiments on carnivorous animals have shown that its complete 
removal is generally followed by the appearance of tetanic spasms and 
finally death. Again, it was found by numerous observers that the trans- 
plantation of a thyroid from a normal animal to one suffering with myxce- 
dema, either under the skin or in the peritonaeal cavity, was followed by 
rapid amelioration of symptoms. Further, the same results were obtained 
when the juice from the gland was introduced by intravenous injection, or 
when a glycerin extract of the gland was employed. These facts are to-day 
well known, and made use of in a variety of ways in the treatment of dis- 
ease; but we would especially emphasize the fact that the dead gland, even 
when dried or cooked, still possesses its peculiar properties, thus indicating 
that its activity is due to the formation of some chemical substance which is 
of primary importance for the well-being of the body. In other words, the 
cells of the thyroid gland are the seat of chemical changes by which a 
physiologically active substance is produced, in the absence of which the 
animal body is unable to keep up its physiological balance. Thyroid 
glands fed to a healthy but obese individual cause a marked diminution in 
the body weight, even though the method of living remains unchanged; 
i. e., the thyroid substance has a distinct influence either upon the normal 
production of fat in the body or upon its consumption. These, and many other observations which cannot be mentioned here, 
indicate that the substance elaborated by the thyroid gland may have a 
manifold action upon nutrition, and Roos, working in Baumann’s laboratory, 
has attempted an experimental study of the specific action of the thyroid 
or its extracts upon general metabolism. Working with dogs, it was found 
that the ingestion of dry thyroids by a healthy animal produced a noticeable 
change in the quantitative relationship of the more common excretory 
products. Thus, in one case the daily examination of the urine for ten con- 
secutive days prior to feeding thyroid gave the following results as the daily 
average: 
Nitrogen 3.038 grams. 
Sodium chloride 0.907 “ 
Phosphoric acid (F205) 0.663 “ 
After feeding 3.0 grams of dry thyroid the daily average composition 
of the urine for seven consecutive days changed to the following: 
Nitrogen 3.801 grams. 
Sodium chloride 1.122 “ 
Phosphoric acid (P205) 0.739 “ 
In another experiment with a healthy dog the average daily composi- 
tion of the urine for five days was found as follows: 
Nitrogen 3-394 grams. 
Sodium chloride 0.968 “ 
Phosphoric acid (P205) 0.733 “ 
On feeding six grams of dry thyroid to this animal the average compo- 
sition of the urine for the following five consecutive days changed to 
Nitrogen 4.146 grams. 
Sodium chloride 1.192 “ 
Phosphoric acid (P206) 0.845 “ 
In other words, the ingestion of the thyroid gland by a healthy animal 
is at once followed by a marked increase in proteid metabolism, as indicated 
by the increased excretion of nitrogen and of phosphoric acid. F urther, 
the thyroid substance causes at once a marked diuresis, which in time grad- 
ually disappears and finally gives place to a diminished secretion of urine. 
If the dosage of thyroid is increased and continued for some days the above 
action is still more marked. 
When fed to an animal from which the thyroid gland has been removed 
the thyroid substance causes a still greater excretion of nitrogen and of 
chlorine, plainly inciting to a high degree the consumption of proteid matter 
by the body, in a manner somewhat similar to that observed after the 
administration of phosphorus. Further, it is to be noticed that the feeding 
of thyroid extracts or substance causes a marked decrease in the body 
weight, far greater than can be accounted for by the increased consumption 
of proteid matter. This is manifestly due to a direct influence upon the 
consumption of the body fat; a view which is in accord with previous obser- 
vations that the thyroid substance gives rise to an increased output of 
carbonic acid, due obviously to an increased combustion of the adipose 
material. Moreover, the results obtained indicate that the thyroid gland has an 
important influence upon the excretion of phosphoric acid, although it is not 
quite clear in what manner the gland exercises its influence in this direction. 
Roos considers that the substance which is responsible for the action of the 
thyroid is a more or less resistant and stable body, not an enzyme, but hav: 
ing rather the nature of a proteid substance—thyro-proteid—although there 
is at present no very concise information on this point. Enough is known, 
however, to indicate quite clearly that this ductless gland, which is assuming 
such importance as a remedial agent, unquestionably possesses a marked 
influence upon the metabolic changes going on in the body; a fact which 
may be taken as an illustration of the view that the nutrition of the animal 
body is subject to a variety of modifying influences of which as yet we have 
a very limited knowledge. 6 
We quote, by the kind permission of Ur. E. Fletcher Ingals, 
from the article read by him before the American Laryngo- 
logical Association, at its Seventeenth Annual Congress, and 
printed in the New York Medical Journal of September 7, 1895. 
THE TREATMENT OE GOlTRE AND EXOPHTHALMIC GOlTRE 
BY THYROID EXTRACTS AND DESICCATED THYROIDS. 
By E. Fletcher Ingals, M. D., 
With the Collaboration of Henry G. Ohls, M. D., Chicago. 
1 feel it almost necessary to apologize to this Association for bringing 
before it so old a subject, but as my own experience in the medicinal use of 
the thyroid gland is comparatively recent, and as there are many things 
about the subject not yet settled, I think it possible that it may be of interest 
to some others of this Association as well as to many practitioners. 
In looking over the histories of my private patients for the last fifteen 
years I find eighty-one cases of bronchocele and exophthalmic goitre that 1 
have treated, sometimes with very indifferent success, but often with most 
gratifying results. 
My usual plan of treatment has been to place the patient affected with 
goitre upon the iodide of potassium, in doses of from five to ten grains in 
water after each meal. In the course of two or three Aveeks, if there has 
not been decided amelioration of the symptoms, this has been substituted by 
the tincture of iodine, given in doses of from five to twenty-five drops, 
which was placed in a capsule just before the patient took it, the dose being 
followed by a full glass of water, and given three or four times a day. Five 
drops were given at a dose the first day, six the second, and so on until the 
maximum dose was reached. If this did not speedily effect diminution in 
the size of the gland, I have also injected the enlarged thyroid with a three- 
to-five per cent, solution of carbolic acid in glycerin and water, using from 
twenty to thirty or even fifty minims of the solution at each injection, usually 
about thirty minims once a week. 
Since the thyroid extract was recommended by G. R. Murray, in Octo- 
ber, 1891, and the entire gland by F. Howitz in March, 1892, I have been 
much interested in the report of cases treated by this method, but on 
account of the inconvenience of obtaining the thyroid juice and from fear 
that it might become contaminated before used, I have not employed it. 
It was only recently that my attention was directed to the desiccated thy- 
roids as prepared by Armour & Company, which, from the reputation of 
this firm for doing whatever it does in the best possible manner, I concluded 
would be reliable. 1 procured some of the desiccated thyroids about ten 
weeks ago and began their administration to two or three patients who were then under my care. I have since used the remedy all told in six cases of 
goitre, the histories of which I will presently give. 
The employment of these animal products seems to have had its origin 
in the experiments of Ewald and Schiff, who, in 1887, removed the thyroid 
gland from dogs, and found that death occurred after a period of hypnotic 
apathy, followed by tetanic contractions of muscles. 
Schiff found that by removing the two lobes at intervals of twenty-five 
to thirty-five days the animal might survive. Ewald also found that a thy- 
roid extract injected into a healthy dog hypodermically caused a similar but 
temporary condition of apathy. 
The survival of some thyroidectomized animals may have been due to 
accessory thyroids, as pointed out by F. Fuhr. A close relation between the 
normal action of the nervous system and functional activity of the thyroid 
was here apparent, but whether it was due to the presence in the blood of a 
substance secreted by the thyroid or whether the glands metamorphosed 
something derived from other organs was not determined. 
Horsley’s experiments on monkeys indicated that the changes due to 
the removal of the thyroid were caused by impaired nutrition. His further 
conclusion that the gland had a haematopoietic function is disputed by Vir- 
chow and Waldeyer. 
As to the aetiology of goitre, Lustig professes to have found a specific 
bacillus in water from the Aosta Valley, where cretinism and goitre are 
endemic, but it seems very doubtful whether this theory can be substan- 
tiated. 
As pointed out by the Reverdins, of Geneva, removal of the thyroid in 
man is followed by myxcedema, and in children by arrest of development. 
Sanquirico and Oreccia note that herbivorous animals stand the removal of 
the thyroid better than carnivora. Biondi, basing his opinion on histological 
study, maintains that the alveoli of the thyroid secrete a colloid material 
which passes into the lymphatic channels. Albertoni and Tizzoni state that 
the blood corpuscles acquire in the thyroid the power of fixing oxygen. 
Mobius contrasts Graves’s disease with myxcedema, the former being 
due to excitation and the latter to arrest of the functions of the thyroid. 
Ord says that myxoedema, sporadic and endemic cretinism, cachexia strum- 
ipriva, and operative myxoedema of animals are all due to annihilation of 
the function of the thyroid body. 
The myxoedema committee, appointed by the Clinical Society of Lon- 
don in 1887, reported, after an exhaustive study of this disease, that one 
condition common to all consisted in destructive changes in the thyroid. 
William Robinson, in the British Medical Journal, vol. i, 1893, tabu- 
lates the following conditions associated with or resulting from deficiency of 
the thyroid secretions: 
1. Cretinism. 
2. Congenital goitre. 
3. Atrophy of the thyroid gland in childhood (semicretins). 
4. Goitrous degeneration symptoms in proportion to the amount of the 
thyroid gland destroyed. 5. Extirpation of the thyroid causes cachexia strumipriva. 
The use of the thyroid gland as a medicament was naturally suggested 
by the ascertained pathology of myxoedema, and the relation of myxcedema 
to goitre doubtless suggested its use in the latter. Among the earlier experi- 
ments Eiselberg saved two animals from the development of myxoedema 
after removal of the thyroid by grafting a thyroid under the peritonaeum. 
The first operation on man to an account of which 1 have had access was 
that reported by M. Lannelongue, of Paris, in the Transactions of the Bio- 
logical Society, March 7, 1890. This consisted in the transplantation of two- 
thirds of a sheep’s thyroid subcutaneously under the breast. In England, 
Victor Horsley, following the experiment of Eiselberg (British Medical 
Journal, February 8, 1891), suggested grafting the thyroid gland. 
The first successful transplantation of the gland in England was per- 
formed by J. W. Collins, May 2, 1892, at the Temperance Hospital, Hamp- 
stead Roads. He reported that in cases so treated menorrhagia, headache 
and melancholia were relieved in twelve hours. His ultimate results are 
not recorded. The permanence of effect depends upon the vitalization of 
the gland. If the gland becomes absorbed the effects are temporary. 
G. R. Murray (British Medical Journal, October 2, 1891) suggested the 
hypodermic use of thyroid juice made by mincing a gland from the sheep, 
covered with one cubic centimetre of equal parts of glycerin and a five per 
cent, solution of carbolic acid, and straining or decanting the pinkish juice 
that rises on standing twenty-four hours. Of this juice enough should be 
used to supply the normal secretion of the thyroid gland, which he estimates 
at about one minim a day, but the exact dose was not determined. 
F. Howitz, professer of clinical surgery at Copenhagen, claims priority 
in the internal use of the entire gland (March, 1892). 
Dr. H. W. G. Mackenzie, in 1892, suggested the internal use of two 
fresh glands daily, minced with beef tea or with glycerin; later to be taken 
twice a week, then at longer intervals. No ill effects were recorded; but 
when a large amount was taken for several days the pulse was increased in 
frequency and the heart was apparently somewhat enfeebled. 
The results of the treatment of myxoedema by thyroids seem favorable 
when the glands are given internally, or hypodermically in the form of a 
carbolized glycerin extract, or in the form of desiccated thyroids, the dose 
depending upon the concentration of the preparation. 
The use of this substance in obesity was reported by H. W. G. Mac- 
kenzie in the British Medical Journal, July 21, 1894, but the results were 
doubtful. His patient lost eight pounds and a half during the first month, 
but subsequently gained five pounds within three months, although the 
remedy was still continued. He had no bad effects from the remedy, 
but thought it had little influence on the condition. 
W. Towers-Smith, in the British Medical Journal, July 14, 1894, reports 
a case of obesity improved by the remedy, though it caused some illness 
and he considered it unsafe. Of Ewald's three cases, reported in Berlin 
klin. Woch., January 14 and 21, 1895, the first patient exhibited no change; 
the second lost 3‘5 kilogrammes, and the third lost g'2 kilogrammes; this case had a superficial appearance of myxcedema, but not the characteristic 
symptoms. 
I speak of the use of these remedies in myxcedema because this is the 
first disease in which they were considered of benefit, though I have had no 
experience with that affection. I speak of their use in obesity because 
reports show that they sometimes have a good deal of influence upon the 
weight; but I desire specially to call attention to the medicinal use of the 
thyroid gland in the treatment of goitre, and incidentally in the enlargement 
of the thyroid existing in what is known as Graves’s disease, or exophthalmic 
goitre. Reported cases of goitre treated by thyroid glands seem somewhat 
rare in medical literature, though, no doubt, there have been some that I 
have not been able to discover in the journals to which I have had access in 
the Newberry Library, of Chicago. 
As late as April 14, 1894, the editor of the British Medical Journal, 
vol. i, page 839, said, in answer to a query as to the effect of the thyroid 
treatment, that “only amelioration has been noticed, as far as we are aware, 
and no actual cure in exophthalmic goitre’’; but Dr. P. Bruns, in La 
Semaine medicale, 1894, vol. xiv, page 968, reports the cure of nine cases of 
goitre out of twelve treated. He used an extract of raw glands, in doses of 
one and a quarter to two and a half drachms, every two to eight days. 
Parenchymatous enlargement was reduced, but cysts were not affected. 
W. B. O. Ferguson, in the British Medical Journal, vol. ii, 1894, reports 
a case of exophthalmic goitre improved by the internal use of a quarter of 
a thyroid gland twice a day. Treatment was begun on December 14th, 
1893, and extended to July, 1894, but it had to be discontinued fora short 
time on account of diarrhoea and nausea. 
A. G. Auld, of Glasgow, reports in the British Medical Journal, July 7, 
1894, a case of exophthalmic goitre of two years’ standing, in which the thy- 
roid was much enlarged, with slight exophthalmia. This was treated by 
him and Dr. Charteris with Burroughs and Wellcome’s thyroid tabloids, 
given every three days. The dose was increased to two tabloids daily for 
nine days. The patient was nauseated and perspired freely. They thought 
the tabloids caused increase in the Graves’s disease, due to an increase 
in the thyroid secretion. 
H. W. G. Mackenzie reports little effect in a case of exophthalmic goitre 
associated with obesity. As to the toxic action of the thyroids, Ewald noted 
a case of glycosuria during treatment, which ceased when the remedy was 
discontinued. 
In La France medicale, January 25, 1895, we find the statement that 
“thyroid juice poisons the heart and may cause death by syncope, one adult 
and two children having died in Paris hospitals from its exhibition. The 
juice has a cumulative effect, like digitalis, and great care is necessary to 
avoid excitement or exertion during treatment and for some time afterward. 
Sudden deaths in England took place several days after treatment was dis- 
continued. The pulse may reach no, or even 160, under exertion during 
treatment, and its rapidity and quality should be carefully watched.” In the Revue des sciences medicates of April 15, 1895, E. Gley notes as 
the result of administration of thyroid extract in some cases loss of weight; 
in others signs of Basedow’s disease. 
Langendorff, in 1889, noted sudden death, with coma and convulsions, 
following hypodermic or intravenous injections in animals of the thyroid 
extract. 
Alonzo’s and Horsley’s experiments are negative. 
Fred Gourlay, in British Medical 'Journal, vol. ii, 1892, expresses the 
opinion that the active principle of the thyroid extract is a globulin which 
may be prepared by mincing and drying the gland at a low temperature 
Ewald suggests peptic digestion and dialysis. 
Just as I was completing this paper an address on the thyroid therapy, 
by Dr. S. J. Meltzer, before the German Medical Society of New York, 
March 4th, came to hand {New York Medical Journal of May 25th). He 
reviews at length the earlier literature of animal extracts, giving particular 
attention to the use of thyroids in myxoedema. He concludes that in the 
absence of the normal secretion of the gland the patient will need contin- 
uous treatment by thyroids, with occasional intermission, to supply the defi- 
ciency. 
He considers a feeling of chilliness the earliest symptom of return of 
myxoedema requiring treatment, as this is noticed before weight increases. 
He states that the poisonous effects so often noted are due to overdoses, and 
that they can be absolutely avoided by giving at first only the equivalent of 
a grain of the powder. The dose may be gradually increased, while care- 
fully noting the pulse and temperature. In his cases the more serious 
symptoms were avoided, but he met some acceleration of pulse, fatigue, 
some tremor, headaches and diffuse pains, and in some cases urticaria. 
Iron and strychnine relieved the weakness, salicylate of sodium and phena- 
cetine the pains and aches. A sixteenth of a grain of pilocarpine, three 
times a day, relieved the urticaria. 
For obesity he considers thyroids the best remedy. By limiting the 
dose to three grains three times a day he avoided unpleasant effects while 
reducing the patient’s weight about a pound a week. 
From the fact that dyspnoea and palpitation, when present, were 
promptly relieved, he infers that the first disappearance of fat occurs in the 
heart, and, further, concludes that small doses will prove to be effective in 
the treatment of cor adiposum. 
I have used only the desiccated sheep’s thyroids already referred to, 
twelve grains of which represent one entire average gland (two lobes) and 
in quite a large number of cases which I will summarize the same preparation 
has been employed. Armour & Company kindly furnished me the addresses 
of a number of physicians who had applied to them for the remedy. I have 
written to these gentlemen, and have obtained a number of replies, stating 
the effects obtained in numerous cases which I will summarize. My own 
cases are only six in number, and all of them, with one exception, are still 
under treatment, but the results are so marked as to indicate a decided 
influence upon the disease by this remedy. In several of the cases it will be noted that they were first placed under the treatment which 1 have used 
for a number of years, and in two it will be observed that they had already 
been relieved or apparently cured from the same disease by this treatment 
in former years. The cases are as follows: 
Case I.—L. A. W., a man, aged thirty-six years, came to me February 
19, 1889, complaining of a sense of fullness in the throat, hoarseness, and 
difficulty of breathing, though his general health was good; weight, two 
hundred and twelve pounds. At that time he was suffering from laryngo- 
bronchitis. On February 28th it was noted that he had acute swelling of 
the thyroid gland, for which he was given the iodide of potassium, in doses 
of from five to eight grains, after each meal, with a twenty-fourth of a grain 
of arsenious acid, a third of a grain of extract of nux vomica, and three 
grains of extract of quebracho. Four days later the left lobe was smaller 
and the breathing was somewhat easier. The iodide was increased to ten 
grains at a dose. Similar treatment was continued for the next twelve 
days, when he was placed upon the tincture of iodine, in doses of from five 
to twenty drops, given in capsule after each meal. A week later the gland 
was injected with thirty minims of a five per cent, solution of carbolic acid. 
Six weeks later the swelling in the thyroid had mostly disappeared. Two 
weeks later it is noted that the neck measured eighteen inches and five- 
eighths, and there was no difficulty in breathing. The treatment was con- 
tinued, and two weeks later, May 8th, he stated that he thought the neck 
was well. Ten weeks later it was noted that the swelling of the thyroid had 
very nearly disappeared, and he had lost twenty-five pounds in weight. A 
month later, no return of the enlargement of the thyroid; weight, a hundred 
and eighty-five pounds. 
The patient disappeared, but returned on the 10th of October, 1891, 
when it was stated that the neck had been swelling for the last four or five 
weeks; this soon disappeared under treatment similar to that used formerly. 
I saw the patient in March, 1894, but there had been no return of the 
goitre. On May 13, 1895, the patient called upon me again, saying that for 
three or four weeks there had been some difficulty in breathing. The collar 
seemed very tight, and it was observed that there had been considerable 
enlargement of the thyroid gland. The neck at this time measured seven- 
teen inches and a quarter at the largest place. The patient weighed two 
hundred and six pounds. 
He was given the desiccated thyroids, in doses of three grains, three 
times daily. He returned twelve days later, stating that at the end of two 
days the difficulty in breathing had disappeared, and since commencing the 
medicine the swelling had steadily decreased. His neck at this visit was of 
normal size, measuring sixteen inches. He departed apparently well and 
has not since been heard from. 
Case II.—E. M., a woman, aged twenty-one, came under my care in 
April, 1890, because of an enlargement of the thyroid that had lasted ten or 
twelve years. She had been frequently troubled with violent cough. There was neither exophthalmia nor heart symptoms, but the pulse was 108, 
though regular; general health and digestion were good; there were no 
abnormal signs over the chest; the neck measured sixteen inches. 
The enlarged gland was injected with thirty minims of a five per cent, 
solution of carbolic acid, and she was given seven and a half grains of potas- 
sium iodide in water after each meal. A week later there had been no 
change in her condition; the injection was repeated and tincture of iodine 
given in doses of five to twenty-five drops after eating. 
I did not see the patient again until three years later, April, 1893. She 
stated that she had been fairly well during the interval, but that the gland 
had begun to swell again recently. The gland was again injected with 
twenty-five minims of a five per cent, solution of carbolic acid, and the tinct- 
ure of iodine was ordered to be taken in doses of from five to twenty-five 
drops after each meal. She returned in about a week and the treatment 
was continued. I did not see her again until February 22, 1894. She stated 
that from the last treatment the swelling in the gland had much diminished 
and that she had no trouble for a long time, until about a week previous to 
this call, when the gland suddenly began to enlarge and caused some diffi- 
culty in swallowing. At this visit the gland was injected with twenty-five 
drops of a three per cent, solution of carbolic acid and she was again given 
tincture of iodine. The treatment was continued, the injection being given 
about once a week for the next six weeks. During this time there was very 
little improvement, though the difficulty in swallowing diminished. In the 
early part of May I found that the uncomfortable symptoms had disap- 
peared. The iodine had been used continuously and there had been 
another injection of the carbolic acid solution. June 14, 1894, the neck 
measured only thirteen inches, and she appeared to be cured. I did not see 
her again until May 14, 1895, when the neck measured fourteen inches and 
a half. She was given at this time two grains of the desiccated thyroids 
after each meal, and a few days later the dose was increased to three grains. 
A week later it was noted that the circumference of the neck had dimin- 
ished a quarter of an inch. At that time the desiccated thyroids were 
increased to four grains three times daily. A week later, pulse 104; neck 
measured the same. Seven days later, pulse 116; neck measured only four- 
teen inches. She had been taking only two grains of the desiccated thy- 
roids three times daily for the past week and no injections had been used. 
She is still under treatment. 
Case III.—W. R., a lad, aged fifteen years, came to me January 9,1895, 
complaining of shortness of breath and wheezing respiration upon exercise, 
with enlargement of the thyroid gland, which had been present for five 
years. 
I found that his mother apparently had consumption, and a maternal 
great-aunt and cousin had suffered from goitre. The patient’s general 
health was good; he weighed one hundred and forty-seven pounds, and the 
pulse was 90; action of the heart regular, with no abnormal physical signs. 
The neck measured at this time fifteen inches and a half. Patient was given five grains of iodide of potassium after each meal, and thirty minims 
of a three per cent, solution of carbolic acid were injected into the thyroid 
gland. Similar treatment was continued, the injection being made weekly 
until the 16th of February. At that time, after five weeks’ treatment, the 
neck still measured fifteen inches and a half, and no perceptible improve- 
ment could be noted. He was then placed upon the use of desiccated thy- 
roids, three grains three times daily; the carbolic acid injections were con- 
tinued once a week. A week later he had noticed a decided decrease in the 
size of the gland, and the neck measured only fifteen inches. The dose of 
desiccated thyroids at this time was increased to four grains after each meal. 
A week later the patient was too ill to come to the office, but it was reported 
that the neck had gradually decreased in size. He had suffered from faint- 
ness and much from headache all the week. A week later, March 9th, he 
was still feeling so poorly that the dose of the desiccated thyroids was 
decreased to two grains. 
He complained of having felt very weak and faint during the last few 
days. A week later he was free from headaches and faintness, therefore the 
desiccated thyroids were increased to three grains three times daily. 
The gland was still decreasing in size. One week later, March 26th, 
about five after the treatment was begun, he reported that he had lost 
fourteen pounds in weight, but he was feeling pretty well, excepting for fre- 
quent headache. At one of his recent visits I had noticed that he trembled 
a great deal duiing the consultation, and that he had the nervous appear- 
ance and arterial pulsations of one suffering from exophthalmic goitre, but 
there was no prominence of the eyes. At this time the desiccated thyroids 
were reduced to two grains three times daily. The next w'eek he again 
reported having had headaches two or three times during the week. 
The neck was found to have been reduced to fourteen inches and an 
eighth, and about four-fifths of the enlargement of the gland had disappeared. 
April 6th.- The neck still measured fourteen inches and an eighth; he 
had at this time gained three pounds in weight; his pulse was 140, and he 
was quite tremulous. Two weeks later the trembling had all disappeared, 
and there were no unpleasant symptoms; the treatment was continued. 
May 4th.—Patient has had no headache the past week; the neck meas- 
ures only thirteen inches and three-fourths. 
He is still taking two grains of desiccated thyroids three times a day, 
and is also taking bittei tonics most of the time. He has had the gland 
injected with the carbolic acid solution nearly every week. 
nth.—The dose of the desiccated thyroids was increased to four grains 
three times daily. On May 19th he again reported having had headaches, 
nevertheless the desiccated thyroids were increased to five grains four times 
a day. 
25th.—He had a headache nearly every day after the last prescription. 
The neck was found to measure fourteen inches and a quarter, half an inch 
increase in the last two weeks; weight, a hundred and thirty-four pounds 
and a half, twelve pounds and a half less than when he began treatment. 
The desiccated thyroids were decreased to four grains three times daily. June ist. The patient’s general health is good, and there is no exoph- 
thalmia or trembling. The thyroid gland has been reduced at least four- 
fifths. 
ijth.—The patient has no unpleasant symptoms, and the size of the 
goitre has been reduced fully ninety per cent. He is still under treatment. 
Case IV.—R. P., a woman, aged twenty-seven years, came to me on 
January 17, 1895, complaining of swelling of the right lobe of the thyroid 
gland, which had existed for about five years. It had caused no special 
inconvenience, but was slowly enlarging. There was no hereditary predis- 
position to the trouble; her general health was good; weight, one hundred 
and twenty-two pounds; pulse 95; no exophthalmia; digestion natural. 
The neck, over the largest part of the thyroid gland, measured fourteen 
inches and five-eighths, and the swelling was limited to the right lobe. At 
this time she was given tincture of iodine internally, in doses of from five to 
twenty-five drops, to be taken in capsules after each meal, and the gland 
was injected with twenty-five minims of a three per cent, solution of carbolic 
acid. 
The treatment was continued until February 12th; the solution of car- 
bolic acid, however, had been increased in strength to four per cent. At 
this time there had been no diminution in the size of the gland. It was 
injected with thirty-five minims of a five per cent, solution of carbolic acid, 
and the tincture of iodine was continued. About a week later, on February 
21 st, the injection was repeated, and she was given the desiccated thyroids, 
in doses of from two to six grains, after each meal. The iodine was also 
continued. At this time the neck measured fifteen inches, three-eighths of 
an inch more than when treatment began. Six days later the neck meas- 
ured only fourteen inches and three fourths. She had been taking six-grain 
doses of the desiccated thyroids for the last few days. The gland was then 
injected with fifty minims of a five per cent, solution of carbolic acid, and 
the iodine was discontinued. A week later she said she noticed a very 
marked improvement. The gland was injected; the measurement of the 
neck had diminished to fourteen inches. One week later the digestive 
organs were much disturbed, she was feeling very poorly, the pulse was 120, 
and the temperature was ioo‘2°. She had been taking six grains of the des- 
iccated thyroids three times daily. At this time the dose was reduced to 
four grains. One week later she reported herself as feeling considerably 
better; treatment continued. A week later she complained that she had a 
bad headache every morning for the last week, though she had hardly ever 
suffered from it previously. The dose of the desiccated thyroids was 
reduced to three grains after each meal. The injection of the gland was 
repeated. A week later the amount of the desiccated thyroids was increased 
to four grains three times daily; the injection was repeated, and it was noted 
that she had lost three pounds in weight. At the next visit she complained 
of being very tired, though she suffered but little from headache. 
Maltine with the hypophosphites, in doses of from one to four drachms, 
was given after each meal. A week later the dose of the desiccated thy- roids was increased to five grains four times a day, and the injection was 
repeated. A week later she reported herself as feeling well; she had lost 
no more weight; a week later, on May 7, she weighed a hundred and 
twenty-nine pounds, or seven pounds more than when treatment was begun. 
A week later, on May 14, the neck measured only thirteen inches and a half. 
She had been taking five grains of the desiccated thyroids three times daily; 
the dose was increased to six grains, and she was given the injection of five 
per cent, solution of carbolic acid, thirty minims as before. Subsequently 
the patient called once a week and treatment was continued. 
June nth.—-The appetite good, the weight as before; there has been 
little headache and no other unpleasant symptoms; the measurement of the 
neck remains the same, thirteen inches and a half; but the gland seems to 
have diminished in size about eighty-five per cent, from the beginning of the 
treatment with the desiccated thyroids. Still under treatment. 
Case V.—B. W. G., a man, aged twenty-six years, came under my care 
on March 18, 1895, complaining of palpitation of the heart and occasional 
dyspnoea. He exhibited marked exophthalmia and enlargement of the thy- 
roid gland, the latter varying with exercise. He had been affected for three 
years, but had never suffered from any other disease excepting rheumatism, 
of which he had an attack the previous fall, lasting two weeks. 
His mother and two sisters have also had goitre. He used neither stim- 
ulants nor tobacco, but took about three cups of coffee daily. His general 
health was good; weight, one hundred and fifty-two pounds; pulse, 102, very 
irregular; temperature normal; at times wheezing respiration and slight 
cough; he had been troubled somewhat with looseness of the bowels ever 
since the goitre was first noticed. Over the upper portion of the goitre the 
neck measured fourteen inches and three-quarters; over the lower portion 
fifteen inches and three-quarters. 
Upon examination of the chest the cardiac pulsations were noticeable 
all over the praecordia, and cardiac dullness was found to extend three- 
quarters of an inch to the left of the normal position. There was some want 
of synchronism in the action of the two sides of the heart noticeable at 
times, but there were no abnormal murmurs. Upon examination, the rapid- 
ity of the heart’s action increased to 160 or 170 a minute. He had been 
taking ten-minim doses of tincture of strophanthus for some time. He was 
given desiccated thyroids, two grains with each meal; also tincture of stro- 
phanthus, ten minims; fluid extract of cactus grandiflora, three minims; 
tincture of digitalis, seven minims and a half, in elixir of pepsin enough to 
make two drachms, three times a day. Coffee was interdicted. He was 
directed to report in a week, but he did not return until two weeks later, 
when he stated that he had taken cold shortly after the last visit and had 
been coughing ever since. 
The swelling of the thyroid gland had markedly diminished. The neck 
measured half an inch smaller at the upper part and five-eighths of an inch 
smaller at the lower part. During this time he had lost eighteen pounds in 
weight. He complained of poor appetite and frequent vomiting after break- fast. He was given maltine with hypophosphites, the use of desiccated thy- 
roids was continued, and he was also given for two or three days ten-minim 
doses of tincture of strophanthus with a third of a grain of extract of nux 
vomica, two-thirds of a grain of extract of hyoscyamus, one grain of cam- 
phor, and four grains of ingluvin. He was directed to return in four days, 
but he did not. About a week later I was informed that he had become 
very ill and seemed in a critical condition. I told his friends to have the 
medicine discontinued at once, and I think this direction was followed. I 
did not see him again for four weeks, when he stated that he had lost five 
pounds since the last weighing, but his cough had ceased and he was feeling 
very much better. He told me that he had been confined to the bed for two 
weeks after the last visit, but subsequently had much improved, the appe- 
tite returning shortly after discontinuing the desiccated thyroids. There had 
been no renewed enlargement of the thyroid gland up to this time; the 
pulse was slower, and the exophthalmia about as at first. All told, the dim- 
inution of the thyroid gland appeared to be about seventy-five per cent. 
Case VI.—B. E. J., a woman, aged fifty years, came under my care on 
May 3, 1895, complaining of difficulty in breathing for the last two years, 
apparently from obstruction in the larynx. She complained also of cough, 
especially when eating. There was no pain, the appetite and general health 
were good, and the digestive organs were in an excellent condition. 
Upon examination I found marked thickening and hardness of the isth- 
mus of the thyroid gland, which measured about an inch from above down- 
ward and about three-quarters of an inch in thickness. There were no 
abnormal signs over the lungs, heart, or aorta. Over the largest part of the 
growth the neck measured thirteen inches. She was given a third of a grain 
of extract of nux vomica and two grains of the desiccated thyroids three 
times daily. She returned eleven days later, reporting that she felt much 
better. Her cough was looser, though at times she still suffered from short- 
ness of breath. She was given at this time half a grain of extract of nux 
vomica, half a grain of extract of hyoscyamus, and three grains of desic- 
cated thyroids. A week later she returned, reporting that she felt much 
improved, but that she had a weak spell a few days previously, and that her 
appetite was not very good. The enlarged gland had considerably dimin- 
ished in size, it felt much softer, and the neck at the most prominent part 
measured only twelve inches and a half. 
"June 14th. -She is still under treatment and professes to be steadily 
improving. 
I have received personal letters from physicians in various parts of the 
country containing the following records : 
Ur. W. O. Taylor, of Princeton, Ontario, reports twenty-five cases of 
goitre treated by internal administration of the thyroid gland in the last 
twenty weeks. The patients were all females, and in age ranged from four- 
teen to sixty-one years. The duration of the disease in seven cases extended 
from six to fifteen years, the rest running from three months to three years. 
These cases were treated from seven to twenty weeks each, with an average 
16 of from five to ten grains of the desiccated thyroids three times a day for 
three weeks. All except seven cases were improved. 
The greatest reduction in the size of the neck noted was two inches and 
three-quarters. In six cases it was reduced two inches or over; in ten cases 
an inch and a quarter or less. 
As to the weight, three patients lost an average of fifteen pounds, while 
a few others lost from one to four pounds. Headache was noted in thirty 
per cent, of the cases, dizziness in thirty-seven per cent., trembling in twenty- 
five per cent, while rapid pulse was noted in five cases and weakness in five 
cases, the weakness being so great in one case as to render the discontinu- 
ance of treatment necessary. 
Dr. Taylor attributes the prevalence of goitre in his locality to the very 
hard water, and states that in the use of thyroids he obtained little effect 
unless the patients drank distilled water. He has had the very large num- 
ber of two hundred and seventeen cases of goitre in eight years. 
In addition to the twenty-five cases of goitre reported he has also 
treated with the thyroids three cases of myxcedema in one family — a 
brother, sister, and a cousin. These cases were under treatment from three 
to seven months with doses of from five to ten grains three times a day, the 
disease having existed from four to seven years and a half. One patient 
was improved for seven weeks, then became worse. In the second the 
symptoms were kept stationary. In the third case he found treatment very 
satisfactory; the mental condition was decidedly improved, and the general 
swelling of the body largely disappeared. 
Dr. J. Williamson, of Ottumwa, la., reports two cases of goitre treated 
for twenty-one days, first with five grains, later with two grains and a half, 
without effect on the goitre, and with the usual headache, etc. The weight 
diminished perceptibly. 
Dr. F. A. Packard, Kearney, Neb., reports one case of goitre treated 
with ten-grain doses three times a day, but it caused so much trembling, 
dizziness and nausea that he gave it no further trial. 
Dr. S. W. Connell, of Milwaukee, reports one case in which the circum- 
ference of the neck was reduced an inch and three-quarters by two months’ 
treatment with five-grain doses. This patient had suffered with chronic 
headaches for years, so that the influence of the thyroid on that symptom is 
uncertain. 
Dr. H. M. S. Byron, of Whiteside, Tenn., reports one case of rapid 
reduction of the goitre of twelve years’ standing, and some loss of weight, 
without headaches or dizziness, but with some trembling, rapid pulse, and 
weakness, under sixteen weeks treatment with two-grain-and-a-half doses. 
Dr. Thomas H. Briggs, of Battle Creek, Mich., treated four cases of 
goitre with the desiccated thyroids for six to eight weeks with excellent 
results, beginning with five-grain doses given at least two hours from meal 
time, three times a day, for the first week; he later reduced the dose to two 
or three grains. The goitres were all much reduced in size, and the weight 
was usually slightly reduced without headache or other disagreeable symp- 
toms, except nausea and dizziness. He found that the disgust for the rem- edy could be overcome by giving solution of strychnine with it. He had 
also used the remedy in a case of lymphadenoma, one of carcinoma, and 
one of tubercular glands of the neck, but without material results. 
Dr. Steele Bailey, of Stanford, Ky., treated one case each of goitre and 
of myxoedema, giving five-grain doses three times a day for three months. 
Treatment then had to be discontinued in both cases on account of the usual 
ill effects from such large doses, though the goitre decreased in size, while 
the total weight of body increased five pounds. The myxoedema grew 
worse in spite of thyroid, belladonna, and other medicaments. 
Dr. J. K. P. Rogers, of South Portland, Me., treated a case of myx- 
oedema of nine years’ standing in a woman fifty-seven years old. Two 
months’ treatment removed all evidence of the disease, beginning with 
three grains, given on alternate days, reduced a grain and a half after the 
first week, and later five grains twice a week. The weight was reduced 
fifteen pounds in the first month and three pounds in the second. By the 
use of such small doses at longer intervals the unpleasant effects were 
entirely avoided; but the case is remarkable for a symptom I have not else- 
where heard described. The patient was seized with intermittent pains, the 
exact duplicate of those of the third stage of labor, both in appearance and 
in severity. These persisted for four days after treatment had been discon- 
tinued, and required morphine hypodermically to control them. Later the 
dose was diminished on account of sciatic pains and stiffness, which pre- 
vented the patient from standing erect, and lastly on account of epigastric 
pain and palpitation. 
Dr. George W. Hall, of Chicago, reports a'case in which I recommended 
the desiccated thyroids, in which the goitre, which had existed for six years, 
was completely cured by four weeks’ treatment by doses of two to three 
grains. The patient during the treatment had suffered much from head- 
ache, with slight dizziness, but no other unpleasant symptoms. 
Dr. C. H. Ott, of Chapman Quarries, Pa., treated a case for ten days 
with thyroids, with improvement. 
Dr. C. A. S. Prosser, of Boise City, Idaho, treated one case for five days 
with a sample only, without appreciable change. 
Dr. A. C. Webber, of Cambridge, Mass., treated one case for four weeks 
with five-grain doses, with almost complete disappearance of the goitre and 
without headaches or other symptoms but rapid pulse. 
Dr. P. F. Metz, of New Haven, Conn., treated two cases with improve- 
ment, with two grains two or three times a day. 
Dr. Stanley P. Warren, of Portland, Me., gave a few five-grain doses, 
when the patient became frightened at the terrific face and head congestion 
and stopped treatment. However, within two weeks the tumor decreased 
half an inch. 
Dr. F. L. Shaw, of Machias, Me., reports one case treated for a month 
by five-grain doses, the swelling being reduced half an inch, and no dis- 
agreeable symptoms except headache. 
Dr. C. Walliser, of Sonoma, Cal., reports one case of goitre treated by 
18 three two-grain tablets daily for a week without effect, except all the dis- 
agreeable symptoms; for this reason treatment wras discontinued. He also 
reports a case of myxcedema treated for two weeks, the result being 
unknown so far. 
Dr. C. S. Bolton, of Richmond, Ky., treated a consumptive patient with 
goitre, with improvement. 
Dr. R. B. McKeage, of Shickshinny, Pa., treated one case of myxoedema 
of thirteen months’ standing with five-grain doses for twenty days. Patient 
improved enough to return to work. 
Dr. R. A. Lancaster, of Gainesville, Fla., gave the remedy for a short 
time, but the patient was nauseated and quit treatment. 
Dr. Henry G. Ohls, of Chicago, noting the general loss of weight in the 
treatment of goitre by the thyroids, gave two patients with obesity the rem- 
edy in doses of two to four grains three times a day. One used the remedy 
ten days and gained five pounds, but stopped the treatment on account of 
severe backache and stiffness of limbs, but without headache or other symp- 
toms. The other lost five pounds in two weeks’ treatment, but discontinued 
it at that time on account of daily rather severe headache. The last patient 
has recently begun with smaller doses, but I cannot yet report results. 
Dr. G. L. Williamson, of Homer, 111., reports one case of twenty-five 
years’ duration, treated for three weeks with six-grain doses, reduced an 
inch and a half. In this case there was some puffiness of the face, which 
disappeared under treatment, and the patient, a minister, thought that his 
mind was more acute. 
Dr. B. F. Van Valkenberg, of Long Prairie, Minn., had a fatal case of 
exophthalmic goitre, which he treated for two weeks with the thyroid, with 
negative results. 
Summary.—With my six cases treated by internal administration of the 
desiccated sheep’s thyroids, and those reported to me by personal letter, I 
have, all told, fifty cases of goitre, not including one case of advanced 
exophthalmia, in which the patient died one month after treatment began. 
In these I find the following results: The swelling was reduced in thirty- 
eight cases; swelling not affected in eleven cases; no report in one case. 
Of the cases where no improvement was noted the remedy was used 
only five days in one and a week in another. In four cases the goitre had 
existed from six to twenty-five years and perhaps was largely cystic, though 
not specified. 
I have reports of seven cases of myxcedema, with the following results: 
Improved, five; not affected, one; unknown, one. 
Of these, in one case the patient improved for seven weeks and then 
deteriorated, though treatment was continued for three months. Two cases 
of obesity without other disease are reported. One of the patients lost five 
pounds; one gained five pounds. 
The symptoms noticed after the administration of this remedy, observed 
in the various cases reported by me and reported by personal letter, have 
been: Headache in eighteen; no unusual symptoms in eight; no report, 
twenty-four; dizziness in twenty; no unusual symptoms in five; no report in twenty-five; trembling in fourteen; no unusual symptoms in five; no report 
in twenty-one; rapid puise in eleven; no unusual symptoms in six; no 
report in thirty-three; weakness in seventeen; no unusual symptoms in ten; 
no report in twenty-three; backache in one; nausea in seven; no report in 
forty-three; lost weight in twenty-five; gained weight in two; mind improved 
in two; nervousness in one; uterine contractions in one. 
Conclusions. From a consideration of the history of this subject and 
an analysis of the cases which we have'presented, the following conclusions 
seem to us justifiable. 
1. Thyroid products produce marked physiological effects upon the 
nervous and circulatory systems, as indicated by headache, dizziness, pains 
in other portions of the body, and great weakness, and by flushing of the 
face and rapidity of the heart’s action. 
2. Some of these unpleasant symptoms usually occur when a daily 
dose is reached corresponding to one and a half or two entire thyroid glands 
of the sheep. 
3. If the administration of the remedy in doses that cause such symp- 
toms is continued for a few days, constitutional effects are produced indi- 
cating that persistent use of doses of from six to twelve grains of the dried 
thyroid (equivalent to one-half or one thyroid gland), three times daily, might 
produce fatal results. 
4. Desiccated thyroid glands appear quite as active as the liquid 
extracts and more stable. 
5. Internal administration appears quite as effective as hypodermic 
medication. 
6. For internal use, the adult dose of the desiccated thyroids should 
not exceed two grains three times daily at first, but the dose may be gradu- 
ally increased to two or three times this quantity, provided it does not cause 
unpleasant symptoms. There is no evidence that moderate doses have an 
injurious effect. 
7. The remedy in some cases has a pronounced effect on the body 
weight, but this is very uncertain and varies so greatly in different persons, 
and in the same individual at different times, that there is strong reason for 
suspecting that the loss of weight which sometimes follows this administra- 
tion may be due entirely to disturbance of the digestive organs. 
8. In the treatment of myxoedema the remedy has undoubted value 
and appears to benefit quite a large percentage. In these cases it is prob- 
able that the best results will be obtained by giving it at intervals for a long 
time. 
9. In exophthalmic goitre the remedy causes rapid reduction in the 
size of the gland, but it has no perceptible effect upon the exophthalmia, 
and it apparently aggravates the heart symptoms. In this disease it must 
be used guardedly and its effects must be carefully watched. 10. In many cases of goitre internal administration of full doses of the 
products of the thyroid is followed by a most remarkable diminution in the 
size of the diseased gland. Improvement or cure may confidently be 
expected in seventy-six per cent, of the cases, but sufficient time has not 
yet elapsed to determine what the final results will be. It is probable that 
cystic growths in the thyroid gland would not be influenced by this remedy. 
11. Clinical experience has not yet demonstrated that this remedy is 
of value in other diseases, but its effect in diminishing the size even of very 
firm and hard enlargement of the thyroid gland would certainly justify 
experimentation in other directions. 
34 Washington Street, June 14th. The British Medical Journal of August io, 1895, treating 
editorially of Professor Schafer’s (University College, London) 
Address on Internal Secretion, delivered at the Annual Meet 
ing of the British Medical Association, at London, July- 
August, 1895, says: 
In selecting the subject of internal secretions for his address Professor 
Schafer is to be congratulated, for the study of this deeply interesting prob- 
lem is not only important to the scientific physiologist, but is of the greatest 
practical value to the practitioner. Those in busy practice formed the great 
bulk of the audience, and they have often but little leisure to study the 
rapid advances of science; they therefore owe a deep debt of gratitude to 
Professor Schafer for placing before them in a concise and lucid form the 
main facts relating to the subject. 
The term “internal secretion” is of recent origin, though many of the 
main facts have long been recognized. Removal of the organs of genera- 
tion markedly modifies the whole build and temperament of an animal; 
such an operation causes more than a mere cessation of the generative func- 
tion. This, of course, has been known for centuries; the effects of the 
removal of the thyroid have not been known so long, but forty years ago 
Schiff did the experiment, and noted many results; his work was forgotten 
until it was unearthed subsequently to the important researches of Ord, 
Kocher and Horsley. So, too, in the case of the pancreas, the association 
of pancreatic disease and diabetes was noted by clinicians long before the 
time of von Mering and Minkowski. Professor Schafer points out that 
some glands can be removed without injury to life, such as the salivary and 
and mammary glands. If these organs produce an internal secretion simi- 
lar to that produced by other glands, the loss after removal must be repaired 
vicariously. 
The address may be subdivided into sections, according to the different 
glands considered, and evidence is adduced that the liver, the kidneys, the 
pancreas, the thyroid, the pituitary body, and the suprarenals all produce a 
something which is poured into the venous blood, and is of benefit to the 
whole body, producing widespread effects on nutrition. In the case of the 
pancreas, there is also the external secretion, the pancreatic juice, to be 
consideied, and Professor Schafer makes a new point when he suggests that 
the newly discovered internal secretion of the pancreas, the removal of 
which produces diabetes, is connected with the epithelial islets, in the 
organ, which have for so long puzzled histologists. 
The thyroid naturally comes in for a large share of notice, for it is in 
relation to this organ that the best practical results have followed close on 
the heels of experimental investigation. Professor Schafer is, however, 
careful to point out that the successful treatment of myxcedema with thy- 
roid injection or thyroid grafting does not necessarily mean a similar suc- 
cess in the treatment of diseases of other organs by injections of extracts of 
those organs. He, however, has a small amount of evidence to show that 
cases of Addison’s disease are benefited by the exhibition of extracts of 
suprarenal capsules taken by the mouth. npHE ARMOUR LABORATORY is not devoted to the 
preparation of an extensive line of pharmaceuticals, 
but is designed solely to develop and carry to the highest 
condition of perfection those products which our abattoir 
provides in such plenty, and which in their finished state are 
important items in the materia medica. We are preparing 
now in addition to Pepsin, Pancreatin, Peptone and PLxtract 
of Beef, the following articles:— 
Desiccated Thyroids $i .00 per ounce. 
Thyroid Tablets 50 “ 
Desiccated Thymus Gland 1.00 “ 
Desiccated Spleen 1.00 “ 
Desiccated Spinal Cord 1.00 “ 
Desiccated Suprarenal Capsules .2.00 “ 
Desiccated Brain 1.00 “ 
Desiccated Heart 50 “ 
Glycerine Extract of Red Bone- 
Marrow 1.50 per pint. 
Our facilities are at the service of the medical profes- 
sion for the purpose of experiment, and we shall be very 
glad to supply, without charge, samples of any of the above, 
or to prepare, in desiccated form, any other of the animal 
parts or substances which may be desired. 
Respectfully, 
ARMOUR & COMPANY. 
rSgj.