Catalogue of the Species of Batrachians 
and Reptiles contained in a Collection 
made at Pebas, Upper Amazon, 
by John Hauxwell. 
READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, OCTOBER 2, 1885. 
On the Species of Iguanime. 
READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, OCTOBER 16, 1885, 
Thirteenth Contribution to the Herpe- 
tology of Tropical America. 
READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, NOVEMBER 20, 1885. 
Professor E. D. Cope. 
FOR SALE BY 
IE. FOOTE, 
1223 Belmont, Avenue, Philadelphia. 
February 4, 1886. 94 
Cope.] 
[Oct. 2, 
Catalogue of the Species of Batrachians and Beptites contained in a collection 
made at Pebas, Upper Amazon, by John Ilauxwell. By E. D. Cope. 
{Bead before the American Philosophical Society, October 2, 1885.) 
T'he contents of a previous collection made at Pebas by Mr. Ilauxwell 
are enumerated in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 
for 1870, page 553. It included ten species of batrachians, four of lizards, 
and nine of snakes. The present collection embraces six species of ba- 
trachians, eleven of lizards, and fifteen species of snakes. The total num- 
ber of species obtained is, fifteen batrachians, fourteen lizards, and 
twenty-three species of snakes. A considerable collection was made in 
the same region by the late Professor Orton, and the species are enumer- 
ated and described in the Journal of the Philadelphia Acadamy of 1875, 
159. A previous collection, made by Professor Orton, is described in 
the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy for 18(18, and one from 
Western and Central Peru is reported on in the Proceedings of the 
American Philosophical Society for 1877. These collections form the 
basis of a general review of the herpetology of Peru, which the w’riter 
hopes to publish with illustrations at no distant day.* 
♦Some species were obtained in tbe same region by Prof. Steere of Ann Arbor, 
Mich., and my thanks are due to this gentleman for the opportunity of exam- 
ining them. From near Tarapota come the following species: Dtndrobates 
trivittatus Spix; Leplodactylus pcccilochilus Cope; Neusticurus ecpleopus Cope; 
Polychrus marmoratux L. From Toinbez: Ttujo havialiticus Cope; Uyla phceota 
Cope. 
From the MamorC River in Eastern Bolivia; Dr. E. R. Heath presented to the 
museum of Ann Arbor the following species: 1. AmphiSbann alba I..; 2. Pseu- 
doSryx mimeticus sp. nov. The genus PseudoBryx Fit/.., 1826, is the Ilydropx Wag- 
ler, 1830, and Dimades Gray; 1813. It includes two banded species, the present 1885.] 
fCope. 
HyiiA favosa, sp. nov. 
The internal nares are about as large as the choansc, and are a little 
longer than wide. The patches of vomerine teeth are between them, 
opposite a point anterior to their middle. The head is short and wide, and 
the canthus rostralis is rounded and concave. The muzzle is truncate 
viewed in profile, and the nostrils, though opening laterally, are terminal 
in position. The tympanum is small, being one-half the long diameter of 
the eye-slit, or a little less than half that of the eyeball. It is a little 
larger than the digital palettes of the anterior foot. On all the upper sur- 
faces the skin is smooth. The usual areolalion covers the abdomen and 
part of the femora. The three external fingers are about half webbed, 
the web not reaching the palettes of the third and fifth digits. The toes 
are more than half webbed, the membrane reaching the dilatations of all 
the toes except the fourth, where it reaches the base of the penultimate 
phalange. When the posterior limb is extended, the heel reaches the 
front border of the orbit. The upper arm is bound to the side for the 
greater part of its length by a strong extension of the skin. A trace only 
is seen at the anterior base of the femur. 
Batrachia, 
one and the P. plicalilis Linn., and two ringed species, the P. martii Spix and P. 
callostictws Gtlir. The P. mimelicus has a remarkable resemblance to the Hydro- 
calamus quinquevittatus (D. & B.) Cope, Proceeds. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1884, p. 176. 
The scuta of the head are as in the P. plicalilis. Dorsal region brown for a width 
ol five and two half rows of scales. Sides, on the third and fourth and half of the 
second and fifth rows, marked with a black band, which extends from the 
orbit to end of the tail, and is yellow-bordered above. Below yellow with two 
small brown spots on each gastrostege and one on each urostege. Lips black, 
yellow spotted ; a yellow band from eye to angle of mouth. A few small blackish 
spots on top of muzzle. Gastrosteges 163; anal 1-1; urosteges 3-5. Total length 
M. .490 ; of tall .056. 3, Liophis almadensis Wagl. 4. Ilerpetod<yas fuscus Linn. 
5. Xenodon biprceoculis, sp. nov. Body much compressed, and scales in nine- 
teen longitudinal rows, and scarcely alternating. Anal plate entire. Eye large, 
profile convex. Superior labials eight, fourth and fifth entering orbit; seventh 
very wide above. Oculars 2-2, the anterior narrow, permitting the posterior 
angle of the large loreal to almost reach the orbit. Temporals 1-5; the anterior 
as deep as long. Bothinternasalsandprefrontalsalittle widerthan long. Frontal 
large, wide in front, longer than common suture of parietals Parietals as wide 
as long. Ten inferior labials, the sixth much the largest. Geneials very short, 
the anterior a little the longer. Gastrosteges, 136; urosteges, 44. Color above 
olivaceous with three rows of equidistant spots. These are composed of coarse, 
black punctulations, and are without definite outline. Every third spot of the 
median line is in the centre of a pale ground, while the pairs between are con. 
nected by a dark shade. Inferior surfaces yellow: every other, or every second 
gastrostege, with a blackish edging at each end. Top of head olive, with black 
punctulations symmetrically arranged, so as to leave a curved unspotted space 
between the orbits and on the external border of the parietals. Labial plates 
unspotted. A very narrow black line from eye to superior borderof last labial. 
Total length M. .590; of tail, .101. From its compressed form and natural coil, 
Hi is species might be supposed to have arboreal habits. It agrees with three 
other species in its entire anal plate; vis., X. suspectus Cope; X. colubrinus Gtlnth ; 
and X. angustiroslris Pet. In X. rhabdocephalus Boie, I find the anal plate entire 
qr divided. 6. Flaps surinamensis Cuv. Cope.] 
96 
[Oct. 2, 
The color of the upper surface is a brown, which is interrupted by a 
coarse honeycomb or net-like pattern of a bright yellow color. The 
inclosed spaces are as large or larger than the eye, excepting on the sides 
of the head and body and on the forelimbs, where they are smaller. They 
are distinct on the external two digits on both feet. The posterior faces of 
the femur, with all the inferior surfaces are uniform brown. The eyelids 
are of a paler brown, but whether this is due to the condition of the speci- 
men or not, is uncertain. 
Measurements. 
M. 
Length of head and body 635 
Length to line connecting posterior borders of tympana. .010 
Width of head at do Old 
Length of fore limb .0233 
“ “ “ foot , 010 
“ “ hind limb..., 056 
“ “ tibia 019 
“ “ posterior foot .026 
“ “ astragalus 011 
This species belongs to the same type as the Ilyla leucophyllata. Its 
coloration is unique in the genus. An allied species or subspecies has 
been brought from the Purus river, Brazil, by Prof. Steere, of Ann Arbor, 
Mich. It agrees in all respects with the II. favosa, but the heel reaches 
the end of the muzzle, and the color of the superior surfaces differs. The 
yellow covers the dorsal region, an imperfect reticulate pattern being only 
visible on the sides of the head and body. 
Hyla marmorata Daud. 
PlTHECOPUS TOlfOPTERNUS Cope. 
dorsata Wied, 
Denbrobates tinctorius Selin. 
Dendrobates trivittatus Spix. 
Lacertilia. 
Mabuia agilis Raddi. 
Mionyx parietaris Cope, gen. et sp. nov. 
In his monograph of the Ecpleopodine division of the Teidae, Professor 
Peters referred the known species to five genera, three of which were 
divided into subgenera. The definitions of most of these groups were 
derived from the pholidosis, the exception being Iphisa (Gray), which 
was defined by the lack of claws on the pollices. I am of the opinion 
that Professor Peters was not fortunate in his selection of the pholidosis 
as the basis of generic and subgeneric divisions. Although such a system 
may associate species which agree in general appearance, and hence be 
thought by some to be “natural,” it is certain that the various forms of 
scales pass into each other by such gradations, as to be unavailable for the 97 
[Cope. 
characterization of tangible divisions. On the other hand, Professor Peters 
quite overlooked important characters of the squamation of the head, such 
as are usually found to distinguish natural genera in other families, includ- 
ing them only in his descriptions of the species. I propose to give a syn- 
opsis of the genera of this group as they appear to me. One result is a con- 
siderable reduction in the number of names. Agreeing with Dr. Boulen- 
ger that these species do not form a family distinct from the Teidse, I 
define them as a group in that family with the nostril pierced in a single 
plate. 
I. “ Thumbs without claws.” 
A series of scuta on the nape ; frontonasal and frontoparietal scuta present. 
Iphisa Gray. 
II. Claws all straight, conic. 
No nucleal scuta ; frontoparietals and frontonasals present.. Mionyx Cope. 
III. Claws curved, present on all digits. 
a. Dorsal series of large scuta. 
Scuta in separate longitudinal series ; forming keels on the tail 
Neusticurus D. & B. 
Scuta continuous, transverse ; frontonasal and frontoparietal scuta 
Placosoma Tsch. 
aa. No larger series of dorsal scuta. 
Frontonasals and frontoparietals present Leposoma Spix. 
Frontoparietals, but no frontonasals Proctoporus Tsch. 
No frontoparietals or frontonasals .. Emphrassiotis O’Sh. 
In the above arrangement there is included, under Iphisa, Perodactylus 
R. & L. Leposoma includes nearly all the reputed genera of Peters 
and other authors, viz : L,oxopholis Cope; Cercosaura Wagl. ; Pantodac- 
tylus D. & B.; Ecpleopus D. & B.; Aspidolcemnus Pet.; Euspondylus Tsch.; 
Argalia Gray (Peters) ; Chalcidolepis Cope ; Xeslosaurus Pet. ; and Pris- 
tidactylus O’Sh. Proctoporus Tsch. includes Pholidobolus Pet., Oreosaurus 
Pet., and species referred to Ecpleopus by O’Shaughnessy. Of the species 
referred to the group Leposoma, as originally restricted, but two have the 
abdominal scuta acute posteriorly, viz : the L. scincoides Spix, and the L. 
carinicaudatum Cope. The other species referred by O’Shaughnessy and 
Peters to that group have, according to them, the abdominal scuta trun- 
cate posteriorly, and must hence be referred to the group Loxopholis Cope, 
of which L. rugiceps Cope is type. These are the L. dispar Peters, and L. 
buckleyi O’Sh. The species thus arrauged will be as follows : 
Mionyx parietalis Cope. 
Iphisa elegans Gray. 
“ modesta It. & L. 
Neusticurus bicarinatus L. 
“ ecpleopus Cope. 
Placosoma cordylinum Tsch. 
Leposoma scincoides Spix. 
Leposoma carinicaudatum Cope. 
“ rugiceps Cope. 
“ dispar Pet. 
“ buckleyi O’Sh. 
“ ocellatum Wagl. 
“ liumile Pet. 
“ olioaceum Gray. 98 
Coped 
[Oct. 2, 
Leposoma reticulatum O’Sh. 
“ picticeps Cope. 
“ vertebrate O’Sh. 
“ schreibersii Wiegm. 
“ bivittatum Cope. 
“ concolor Tscli. 
“ argulus Pet. 
“ gaudichaudi D. & B. 
“ a finis Pet. 
“ maculatum Tsch. 
“ rhombiferum Gthr. 
“ acutirostre Pet. 
“ ocellatum Gray. 
“ strangulatum Cope. 
Leposoma guentheri O’Sh. 
“ olivaceum Gray. 
“ marmoratum Gray. 
“ pcecilochilus L, & Yon M, 
“ metallicum Cope. 
“ bogotense Pet. 
Proctoporus pachyurus Tscli. 
“ unicolor Gray. 
“ fraseri O’Sh. 
“ oculatus O’Sh. 
“ montium Peters. 
“ 8triatus Pet. 
“ luctuosus Pet. 
Emphrassiotis simoterus O’Sh. 
The species number as follows : 
Mionyx 1 
Iphisa 2 
Neusticurus 2 
Placosoma 1 
Leposoma 28 
Proctoporus 7 
Emphrassiotis . .- 1 
Total 42 
The characters of the genus Mionyx are the following : First toe of 
both anterior ancl posterior extremities with rudimental straight claw ; 
claws of other digits small, straight and conic. Prefrontal and fronto- 
parietal plates present and distinct from each other. Ear-drum exposed. 
No distinct collar. Femoral pores present. Pholidosis squamous, nearly 
homogeneous. 
Char, specif. These resemble those of the group Leposoma within that 
genus. The scales are imbricate and keeled, with acute posterior borders 
above and below. When the epidermis is lost the inferior scales are nearly 
truncate.* The dorsal and ventral scales are subequal and form twenty- 
one transverse series between the anterior and posterior limbs, across the 
back. Behind the auricular meatus, and in the axilla, they are coarsely 
granular. The upper and lower arms are covered with large keeled 
scales, although those of the posterior side of the former are smaller than 
those on the anterior side. The hind leg is similarly surrounded by large 
keeled scales, excepting on a band on the posterior side of the femur 
where they are granular. 
There is a transparent disk of the lower eyelid, which is covered by 
two scales. The plates of the head are smooth. There is a loreal plate 
* The truncation of the abdominal scales in the L. rugiceps is seen in the epi- 
dermis as well as the true skin. [Cope. 
which is higher than long, and projects at an angle between two preocu- 
lars. Of these the superior is large and extends partly over the eye, leaving 
only three narrow superciliaries. There are four well-developed supra- 
orbitals. The large internasal is about as wide as long. The frontonasals 
are well in contact by suture. The frontal is considerably longer than 
wide, as are also the frontoparietals. The interparietal is large, as wide 
as long, and would be a regular hexagon, but that the posterior border is 
rounded. The parietals are much smaller and trapezoidal, and longer 
than wide. No occipitals. Temporals small, squamous. Superior labials 
seven, separated from the orbit by a row of narrow suborbital scales. 
Inferior labials five. A symphyseal and an undivided postsymphyseal. 
Four infralabials, of which the first two are in contact, and the last two 
separated by flat scales, the fourth truncate posteriorly ; no distinct pec- 
toral scales. 
The limbs are slender ; when pressed to the side, the fingers reach to 
the middle of the tibia, and the toes to a little beyond the elbow. The 
toes themselves are weak and slender. The first digit is rudimental, and 
the second and fifth are very short, and of subequal length on the fore 
foot ; and on the posterior foot, the second is a little the longer. The 
third digit is shorter than the fourth on both feet. They are all protected 
by a single row of flat scales below. The femoral pores extend entirely 
across in front of the anal scuta ; there are ten on each side of the middle 
line. Of anal scuta there are six, arranged as follows : Two small ones on 
the middle line, one *of which is marginal, and the other anterior to it; 
one large one on each side of these, also marginal ; and a small one on the 
external side of these, also marginal. 
Color, brown ; dark above, pale below, darkest on the sides. The exact 
color is probably lost, as the specimen is not in the best condition. Side 
of head with some yellow spots. Lips and throat white, the former with 
a dark brown spot on some of the labial scuta. 
Measurements. M. 
Length from muzzle to vent. , 032 
“ “ “ to axilla 015 
“ “ “ to auricular meatus 0075 
Width at auricular meatus 005 
Length of fore limb 0105 
“ ,r hand 0035 
Length of hind limb 0145 
“ tibia 0048 
“ “ foot 0056 
Leposoma picticeps, sp. nov. 
Dorsal scales very narrow, in regular cross-series, the acute extremities 
of those of one row alternating with those of the rows in front and pos- 
terior ; each with a strong epidermal keel which is represented by a weak 
one of the true skin. These scales commence at the interparietal plate, 100 
Cope.] 
[Oct. 2, 
and piesent nine transverse series to the axilla, and twenty from the axilla 
to the groin. The scales of the tail are similar. The abdominal scales 
are smooth and parallelogrammic, being truncate behind, and are in six- 
teen transverse rows between the axilla and groin. A rather wide space 
posterior to the auricular meatus, and posterior to the axilla is covered 
with granular scales. The larger and square scales of the throat are in 
four transverse rows of two scales each. They are separated from the 
cross-row that marks the axilla by two cross rows, and are bounded by 
some flat scales in front and at the sides. 
The internasal plate is a little wider than long. The frontonasals are 
well in contact. The frontal is longer than wide. The frontoparietals 
are as wide as long, and are regularly five-sided, the supraorbital side a 
little longer than the others. The interparietal is nearly three times as 
long as wide. The parietals are larger and their posterior border forms, 
with that of the interparietal, a straight line. The posterior exterior bor- 
der is excavated. The loreal is higher than long, and presents an obtuse 
angle posteriorly between the two preoculars. Of these the superior 
extends posteriorly over the eye, leaving three narrow superciliaries. 
Three supraoculars, the posterior with a small round plate posterior to it. 
Temporal scales rather large, smooth ; no free marginal meatal scales. 
Seven superior labials ; six inferiors. A short sympliyseal and a long 
postsymphyseal, both undivided. Posterior to the latter two pairs of 
large infralabials, touching on the middle line, followed by a large pair 
of infralabials which are separated on the middle line, each of which is 
followed by two large and some smaller scales. 
Limbs rather short, posterior feet elongate. The fingers reach to the 
heel when both limbs are pressed to the side of the body, and the toes to 
the middle of the humerus. The limbs are covered by large, smooth 
scales, except on the posterior faces of the humerus and tibia, where they 
are smaller, and on the posterior face of the femur where they are granu- 
lar. The claws are present on all the digits and are curved. Second and 
fifth fingers equal. Second toe longer than fifth, and fourth a good deal 
longer than third. Seven femoral pores and two preanals on each side. 
Preanal plates, seven. Of these six are marginal, a large one with a small 
one on each side of it, on each side of the middle line. The seventh is 
in front of the two median marginals, and is a large triangle. 
Color, olive-brown or grayish, shaded with blackish on the head. The 
plates of the head have pale borders and centres, and the rostral and labial 
plates are yellow, the latter with a dark brown spot in the centre. A 
light (? yellow) band over the eye, and two rows of similar spots on the 
temporal region. Several rows of similar dark-edged spots on the nape. 
Granular region black, with yellow spots. The spots fade out on the 
dorsal region, each cross-row of scales has a blackish edge. On the tail 
two rows of such spots can be made out on each side. Inferior surfaces 
pale, probably yellow ; lower labials, and the posterior infralabials with a 
dark brown spot in the centre. 101 
[Cope. 
Measurements. M. 
Length from muzzle to vent 057 
“ “ “ “ axilla 025 
“ “ “ “ auricular meatus 012 
Width at auricular meatus 007G 
Length of fore limb 015 
“ “ hand 0065 
“ “ hind limb 026 
“ “tibia 007 
“ “ foot 0182 
This species is evidently nearly related to the Leposoma reticulatum of 
O’Shauglinessy (Cereosaura reticulata O’Sh., Proceedings Zool. Society 
London, 1881, p. 230). It differs in not possessing the following charac- 
ters of that species, as described and figured. In L. reticulatum there are 
two parietal plates on each side; abdominal scales are rounded in pos- 
terior outline, and in only eight rows, while they are in ten in L. picliceps ; 
in having an azygous marginal anal instead of two, and in having a stripe 
on the body, and the tail differently colored from the back. The type 
of L. picticeps is a considerably larger animal than that of the L. reticu- 
latum. • 
Centropyx dorsalis Gthr. Monoplocus dorsalis Giinth. Gentropyx pel- 
viceps Cope. 
Mr. O’Shaughnessy finds these supposed species to be identical. Dr. 
Gunther having established a new genus (Monoplocus) for the species 
on the supposed absence of femoral pores, I did not think it wrorth 
while to compare my specimens, in which they are numerous, with the one 
described by Dr. Gunther. Mr. O’Shaughnessy has discovered that 
Gunther’s type possesses the pores. 
Amiva surinamensis Gray. 
IIypstbatus ac.amoides Spix. 
ITyperanodon peltigerus Cope. 
Enyalius laticeps Guicli. 
Anolis buckleyi O’Sh. 
Anolis bouvieri Boc. O’Sh. 
Anolis macropus, sp. nov. 
Tail subround, without crest. Ventral scales small, smooth ; dorsal 
scales minute, rough. Occipital scale small, well separated from supra - 
orbitals ; the latter separated from each other by three rows of scales, 
and not continued as a larger row anterior to orbit. Interorbital region 
concave ; facial ruga; obtuse, separated by a concavity. Facial scales 
small, keeled, about twenty longitudinal rows at the middle of the 
muzzle, and ten in the facial concavity. No distinct cantlius rOstralis, 
and but twro canthal scales distinguishable from those of the muzzle in 
size. Supraocular disk embracing a dozen scales of unequal sizes, and Cope.] 
102 
[Oct. 2, 
surrounded by granules. Seven or eight loreal rows ; labials, T% ; infra- 
labials all small. Auricular meatus small, but larger than occipital scale. 
The limbs are slender and long. The anterior appressed reaches the end 
of the muzzle by the end of the fifth digit; the posterior reaches the same 
by the end of the fourth digit. Digital dilatations narrow*. Fan small. 
The general color is blackish, below white, the line of junction of the 
colors on the sides of the belly, and ragged. A pale line across the chin. 
Measurements. M. 
Length of head and body 045 
“ to posterior border of meatus auditorius 0G1 
Width at posterior border of meatus auditorius 00G5 
Length of fore leg 021 
“ “ fore foot 0072 
“ “ hind leg 041 
“ “ tibia 0125 
“ “ hind foot 017 
This species approaches most closely the A. Umifrons Cope from Yeragua. 
In that species the facial rugae have distinct large scales, which are want- 
ing in the A. macropus, and the hinder legs are not so long. The facial 
scales are a good deal smaller, and the posterior legs in A. mac- 
ropus than in the A. trachyderma, which it otherwise resembles. The long 
hind legs distinguish it from other allied species. 
Ophidia. 
Typhlops reticueatus L. 
Boa constrictor L. 
Ruabdosoma biievifrenum Jan. 
Riiabdosoma microrhynciium Cope. 
CONTIA SKRRATA, Sp. nOV. 
nicaga Cope, Lygophis nicagus Cope, Proceeds. Phila. Acad- 
emy, 1868, p. 132. Proceeds. Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 1870, p. 553. 
Scales in seventeen rows, without fossae, all of moderate width, the first 
not very wide. Eight superior labials, third, fourth and fifth entering orbit; 
fifth, sixth and seventh largest, subequal, their superior borders increasing 
in length in the order named. Rostral plate very small, barely visible 
from above. Nasal decurved forwards, deeper posteriorly ; loreal deeper 
than long ; ocular 1-2 ; the preocular narrow and widely separated from 
the frontal above. Temporals 1-2; the anterior in contact with the 
inferior postocular only. Internasals small, as wide as long ; prefrontals 
much larger, wider than long. Frontal elongate, truncate in front, and 
with parallel sides ; parietals long and large, extending on each side to the 
inferior postocular. Gastrosteges 160 ; anal divided ; urosteges 52. Total 
length, M. .245 ; to rictus oris, .0065 ; of tail, .070. 
Color above dark brownish gray. A line of darker color extends along 
the third row of scales, and a similar one on the eighth row, which leaves 103 
[Cope, 
the ninth or median row of the ground color. These lines are quite indis- 
tinct. Ends of the gastrosteges of the ground color, shaded with bluish, 
so as to give the color border a serrate outline. Under surface of body 
and tail yellow, immaculate. Top of head paler. The frontal plate with 
dark edges and some dark specks on the prefrontals. A pair of light 
dark edged small spots, close together, one on each side of the common 
parietal suture. Superior labial dark-edged. Lower labials and adjacent 
plates obscurely speckled. 
Near the head the dorsal lines unite and form a serrate dorsal band, 
which is separated by a paler band from a darker lateral band with the 
superior edges serrate ; but these markings are obscure. In another spe- 
cimen which Prof. Steere, of Ann Arbor, brought from the Purus river,* 
the dorsal band is more distinct and extends to the end of the tail. 
I originally referred this species to (Lygophis) Aporopliis, but its equal 
teeth exclude it from that genus. 
OpnEOMonnius meleaghis Shaw. 
IIelicops angulatus Linn. 
Oxyriuiopus scobOPAX Klein. 
Difsas cenchoa L. 
Reiinobotfiyrum lenttginosum Scop. 
Leptognatiius catesbyi Weigel. 
Leptopiiis margin at us Cope. 
Dryiopui8 argenteus Daud. 
Leaps lemniscatus L. 
Boturops BRASibENSis Latr. 
* Tills collection was made at Canutama, a distance of six hundred miles, and 
at Marrahan, a distance of seven hundred miles above its mouth on the Purus 
river, and as the first indication of the reptile fauna of that region possesses 
considerable interest. It includes the following species: 1. Liophis almadensis 
Wagl.; 2. Jihad in or a nicaga Cope; 3. Pseudoeryx callostictus Gtlnth (Hydrops)', 
4. Tortrix scytale Linn; 5. Bufo agua L.; 6. Hyla leucophyllata var. Beir; and 
7. Lithodyles cinereus sp. nov. This frog has a smooth belly and free toes 
with truncate pallettes on all the digits. There are no cranial crests, and but 
slight traces of dorsolateral dermal folds. The vomerine teeth are in J-shaped 
patches commencing opposite the posterior border of the choanee, and curv- 
ing inwards and backwards. Ostia pharyngea as large as choanse. Nostril 
terminal. Tympanic drum round, two-thirds size of eye. Tongue oval, 
slightly notched behind. Head oval; muzzle truncate; lores straight, 
grooved; canthus rostralis distinct, straight. Heel of extended hind leg to end 
of muzzle. First finger longer than second. A prominent sharp metatarsal 
tubercle attached to base of first toe. No external tubercle. Color above gray, 
with pale brown markings. The most distinct of these is a cross-band between 
the orbits. Lower surfaces dirty-white ; concealed surfaces brown. Upper lip 
with three yellowish spots extending from the orbit; to which two or three 
marks on the lower jaw correspond. Limbs faintly brown cross-banded. Length 
of head and body M. .053; width of head at tympana .018. Length of fore-leg 
.029; of hind leg .084 ; of hind foot .038. 1885.| 
261 
[Cope. 
On the Species of Iguanince. By E. D. Cope. 
(Bead before the American Philosophical Society, October 16th, 18S5.) 
By Iguanintc I mean Iguanidae* without abdominal ribsf or free dermal 
margins of the digits:}: which have the nostrils on the line of the canthus 
rostralis and not below it, and which possess the compressed form and 
other characteristics indicating an arboreal rather than a terrestrial habit 
of life. With one exceptiong these animals are confined to the forest re- 
gions of Tropical America, the greater number of species being found in 
the West Indies and Mexico. A few species, as the Conolophus subcris- 
* Exclusive of the Anolidee, which I have shown to differ in the structure of 
the lower jaw. Proceedings Academy, Phila., 1804. 
t Those with abdominal ribs are the Polychrinse. 
J The BasiliscinBe are characterized by the digital margins. 
§ The Brachylophm faeciatus of the Fejee Islands. Cope.] 
262 
[Oct. 16, 
tatus, are entirely terrestrial in their habits. The genera are distin* 
guished as follows : 
I. Premaxillary and sympliyseal teeth conical. 
a Posterior digits with separate combs. 
Tail with much of its length free from spines ; a gular fold, Cyclura Harl. 
aa No separate combs on posterior digits. 
Tail with the basal half spinous ; a throat fold Ctenosaura Wieg. 
Tail short, spinous to the end ; a throat fold Cachryx Cope. 
Tail ; a throat fold Brachylophus Cuv. 
Tail not spinous ; a dewlap which has a crest of spines on its anterior 
edge Iguana Laur. 
II. Premaxillary and symphyseal teeth trilobate ; no combs on the 
posterior digits. 
A throat fold ; tail not spinous Oonolophus Fitz. 
No throat fold ; tail not spinous Amblyrhynchus Bell. 
CYCLURA Harlan. 
Journal Academy Natl. Sciences, i, p. 242, 1825. Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., 
iv, 214, 1837. Metopocerus Wagl., Natiirl. Syst. d. Amphibien, p. 147, 
1830. Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., iv, p. 210, 1837. ? Aloponotus Dum. Bibr., 
Erpet. iv, p. 189, 1837. 
The species of this genus known to me are the following : 
I. Scales of muzzle all small; combs on third toe only. 
Several rows of infralabial scuta ; five scales on canthus rostralis ; crest 
interrupted at rump only C. carinata Harl, 
II. Large scuta on muzzle ; combs on third toe only ; one row of 
large infralabials. 
Infralabials and other scuta in contact with each other and with labials ; 
two scales on canthus rostralis ; crest low, much interrupted at nape 
and rump ; color uniform C. bccolopha Cope. 
Infralabial and other scuta separated from each other and from labials by 
small scales ; four scales on canthus rostralis; green, with bands.... 
C. nubila Gray. 
III. Large scuta on muzzle ; one on middle line protuberant; combs 
on second and third toes ; several rows of large infralabials. 
Scales very irregular, often minutely granular on scapular regions ; a 
trace of whorls on tail ; crest interrupted at nape and rump ; black.. 
G. comuta Daud. 
The reputed species Cyclura macleayi Gray, from Cuba, and 0. lophoma 
Gosse, from Jamaica, are unknown to me by autopsy. 
Cyclura carinata Harlan, Jour. Academy Philadelphia, iv, p. 250, 1825, 
pi. 15. Cope, Proceeds. American Philosoph. Society, 1870, 558 ; 
American Naturalist, 1885, 1006. 
Turk’s island, Bahamas; Harlan, Ebell. 263 
1885.] 
[Cope 
Cyclura Cope. Proceeds. Academy Philadelphia, 1861, p. 
123 ; American Naturalist, 1885, 1006. 
Andros island, Bahamas ; Wood. 
Cyclura nubila “ Shaw.” Gray in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, ix, 39 fig. 
Cope, American Naturalist, 1885, p 1006. Lacerta nubila Shaw 
(teste Gray) Zoology. Iguana cyclura Cuv. Cyclura harlani Cocteau 
Hist. S. l’lsle Cuba parde la Sagra Rep., p. 96. C. carinaia Wiegm. 
Herpet. Mexicana, not of Harlan. 
Cuba. 
Cycluha cornuta Dand. Iguana cornuta Daudin, Rept., p. 382. La- 
treille Hist. Nat. Rept., ii, 267, iv, 294. Metopocerus cornutus Wagler, 
Nat. Svst. d. Ampliibien, 1830, p. 147. Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 
1834, i, p. 16. Dum. Bibh, Erp. Gen., iv, 211, 1837. Gunther, Trans. 
Zool. Soc., London, 1882, p. 218, Pis. xliii, xliv. Boulenger Cat., 
Brit. Mus., ii, 1885, p. 188. Cyclura nigerrima Cope, American Nat- 
uralist, 1885, p. 1006. C. onchiopsis Cope, loc. cit. 
This species has been until recently but little known, although its name 
frequently appears in literature. The characters ascribed to it by Dumeril 
and Bibron do not agree with those of any individuals which have come 
under my notice. These authors distinguish the genus Metopoceros from 
Cyclura by the presence of two rows of femoral pores, a character which 
does not exist in either of the four specimens in the National Museum. 
The genus Aloponotus of the same authors possesses, according to them, 
the same peculiarity. M. Boulenger, in the last (1885) edition of the 
British Museum Catalogue, describes this character as though it only 
occurs “sometimes” in this species, evidently regarding it as inconstant. 
My confidence in its constancy leads me to describe as new, two forms 
which perhaps belong to the C. cornuta, under the names G. nigerrima 
and C. onchiopsis. These differ from each other very much as the genera 
Metopocerus and Aloponotus are said by Dumeril and Bibron to differ 
from each other, i. e., in the character of the scutellation. In the G. niger- 
rima the scales are distinct everywhere ; in the G. onchiopsis they are 
minutely granular on the sides of the back and on the nape and withers. 
In a third specimen (in alcohol, No. 9977), the are interme- 
diate. Thus, in the type of G. onchiopsis, the masseteric protuberances 
have larger scales set in a general surface of granulations ; in the third 
specimen, the same surface is nowhere granular, but is scutellate. The 
anterior dorsal region is less granular in this specimen. I therefore think 
it necessary to unite my supposed species, as has been done by M. Bou- 
lenger. 
If the presence of the second row of femoral pores is not constant in the 
G. cornuta, then the genus Metopocerus cannot be distinguished from 
Cyclura. M. Boulenger relies on the rather greater number of denticles 
in the lateral teeth in the C. cornuta, but my specimens show a tendency Cope.] 
264 
[Oct. 10, 
to the tridentate form of the C. nubila. The character is, I think, even 
if constant, insufficient for generic distinction. / 
I describe the two specimens which represent the extreme of variation 
of this species, commencing with the type of G. nigerrima. 
In this specimen the scales of the superior regions are smaller than 
those of the inferior regions, and are in regular transverse rows, each 
scale surrounded with granules. There are three roWs'Jn two millimeters. 
The scales of the inferior surfaces are tfbout a millimeter in diameter ; like 
those of the back they have faint traces of l£eels. The scales of the limbs 
and tail are keeled.- At intervals of about six scales, there are, on the 
median portions of "the sides of the tail, two rows of scales a little larger 
than the others, which are homologous with those wliigh form the spiny 
whorls in other species. The crest is rather low on the nape, and is well 
developed on the dorsal region and of tUe tail. On the latter 
it becomes lower, forming serrate teeth, which are distinguishable to the 
end of that organ. The crest is interrupted at both withers and rump. 
Besides the combs on the second and third digits, there is a rudiment of a 
comb at the base of the first digit. Femoral pores 14-16. 
The type specimen of this species was partially skeletonized before it 
was suspected to be other than a Metopocerus~cornutus. The plates and 
scales of the head cannot therefore be described excepting so far as to 
state that there is a median large scale at-the middle of the base of the 
snout, on an elevation of the nasal bones just behind the transverse line 
connecting the posterior borders of the bony nares. Between this plate 
and the canthus rostralis the horizontal surface of the muzzle is covered 
with rather large antere posteriorly oval scales, which have a median keel. 
In the center of these is a larger plate, several times as large as any of 
them. The scales on the post-frontal region are similar and those of the 
zygomatic arch posteriorly are larger. 
Measurements. M. 
Length of skull to end of quadrate bone 108 
Width of skull at front of tympanum 070 
Least interorbital width of skull 018 
Length of alveolar edge of maxillary bone 050 
“ body to vent 340 
“ “ tail 500 
“ “ humerus 060 
“ “ fore arm 057 
“ “ femur 075 
“ “ tibia 063 
“ “ foot llO 
The color is everywhere uniform black. 
From Navassa island. National Museum, No. 9974. 
In a second specimen, the type of Cyclura oncldopsis, the scales of the 265 
1835.] 
[Cope. 
inferior surfaces are similar in every respect to those of the one described 
above, while those of the sides, tail, and superior surfaces are quite differ- 
ent. Those of the tail are flat and keeled, and smaller than those of that 
species, and of equal size. In the scutellation of the back the granular 
scales are far more numerous, covering almost the whole of the scapular 
regions and sides of the neck and body. Where the larger scales 
appear they are round and not arranged in rows, and are separated 
by granular interspaces as wide as or wider than themselves. On 
the temporal and lateral gular regions the larger scales are scattered 
at wide intervals in the granular surface. On the muzzle there are 
two pairs of scuta behind the nasal plates, which are separated by a 
granular interval. Behind these, and separated by another interval, is a 
knob-like median scutum. Between this and the canthus rostralis, but 
separated from it by a wide granular space, are several scales like the 
smaller ones in the same position in the G. nigerrima. There are three 
rows of small prominent scales over the eye, forming a rough surface. A 
series of larger scuta on the zygomatic arch, as far as below the front of 
the orbit. Two prominent scuta not in contact on the anterior border of 
the tympanum. Two large and two small rows of infralabial plates. 
Labials |. Symphyseal plate large, angulate behind. A longitudinal 
median gular fold, which terminates in a pendulous transverse gular fold. 
The scales on these folds are like those of the belly, and not granular like 
those of the lateral gular region. Femoral pores 18. Tail compressed. 
Dorsal crest low, interrupted at the withers and groin. 
Color, dark brown; belly, breast, fore limbs and sides of head black. 
Measurements. M. 
Length of head to end of os quadratum 102 
Width of head at front of tympanum 055 
Length of body to vent 290 
“ “ tail (tip wanting) 370 
“ “ fore leg 140 
“ “ humerus (measured behind) 050 
“ “ forearm 057 
“ “ hind leg 200 
“ “ femur (measured above) 058 
“ “ tibia 065 
“ “ hind foot 095 
There are three specimens of this species in the National Museum which 
agree in all essential respects. They are from the Island of Navassa. In 
all of them the temporal and pterygoid muscles are enormously developed, 
forming swollen enlargements unlike anything seen in any other Iguanid. 
According to Dum6ril and Bibron there are in the Metopocervs cornutus 
three pairs of scuta on the muzzle. According to the description of these 
authors this animal also differs from the M. cornutus in having eight supe- Cope.] 
266 
[Oct. 16, 
rior labials ; in the nasals being subround instead of triangular ; in having 
a large instead a small sympliyseal plate. The specimen typical of G. 
orchiopsis has a very low and even imperfect dorsal crest, with a wide in- 
terruption between the shoulders, while in the other two it is better de- 
veloped, and in the type of G. nigerrima best of all. 
Isis von Oken, 1828, p. 371. Enyaliosaurus Gray. Catal. Lizards, Brit. 
Mus., 1845, p. 192. 
The species of this genus are restricted to the Mexican and Central 
American regions as Cyclura is to the West Indian. The species known 
to me are six in number, as follows : 
I. Caudal whorls complete ; dorsal crest extending only on the an- 
terior dorsal region. 
Tail round, whorls separated by one row of scales: brown with a few 
black cross-bands on anterior dorsal region G. hemilopha. 
II. Caudal whorls complete ; dorsal crest extending to rump. 
a Caudal whorls separated by one row of scales. 
Three scales on canthus rostralis ; dorsal crest interrupted at rump ; black 
or dark brown G. muliispinis. 
aa Caudal whorls separated by two or three rows of scales. 
Head short, obtuse ; three scales on canthus rostralis ; dorsal crest inter- 
rupted at rump; black with yellow cross-bands; sides of neck yel- 
low G. brevirostris. 
Head wedge shaped ; three or four scales on canthus rostralis ; all, except 
the posterior one, deeper than long ; dorsal crest interrupted at 
rump ; black, with yellow and green cross bands and speckles 
C. teres. 
Four canthal scales, the posterior longer than deep ; head elongate, wedge- 
shaped ; dorsal and caudal crests continuous at rump ; tail com- 
pressed ; green with narrow black cross-bands to belly.. G. completa. 
III. Caudal whorls interrupted ; each represented by a median dor- 
sal spine and two on each side at the base. 
Tail depressed, shorter; dorsal crest widely interrupted at rump ; pale 
brown with black cross-bands on anterior dorsal region 
0. quinquecarinata. 
Ctenosaura hemilopha Cope, Proceedings Philadelphia Academy, 1863, 
p. 105. Ctenosaura acanthura Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mexique Kept, 
p. 138. Cyclura acanthura pars, Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen. iv., p. 224. 
This species is regarded by DeBlainville and Bocourt as the Lacerta 
acanthura of Shaw.* This cannot be correct, as Shaw distinctly states 
that the dorsal crest of his species extends to the rump. It is probably one 
of the species of the next section of the genus (II), but which ope I am 
unable to ascertain. 
Lower California only ; Botta ; Xantus, 
* Zoology Hi. 
CTENOSAURA Wiegmann 1885.] 
[Cope. 
Ctenosaura multispinis sp. nov. 
Head elongate, flat above, muzzle narrowed ; nostril in the second third 
of the length to the orbit. Three scales on canthus rostralis, each deeper 
than long. Seven flat scales across muzzle between anterior angles of 
orbits. Two rows between supraorbital series. Scales above temporal 
muscles rather large, weakly keeled. Five series of infralabial plates, not 
separated by smaller ones. Dorsal crest rather elevated in adult, termina- 
ting at the rump. Median caudal crest composed of conical scales, com- 
mencing above the posterior margin of the femora. Tail cylindrical at 
base, covered by whorls of prominent scales with conical points which 
project strongly, and which are separated by one row of smaller flat 
scales on the upper half of the tail. On the inferior side of the tail the 
whorl rows are separated by two intervening rows, which are just like 
them, having a keel and a mucronate apex. Beyond the middle of the 
length (end lost) the tail is strongly compressed, but whether this is due 
to shriveling on drying, I am not sure. Median series of spinous scales 
uninterrupted. The abdominal scales are larger than the dorsal, which 
are longer than the lateral scales ; all are subquadrate, and none are 
keeled. 
Seven femoral pores. 
Color above and below, black. 
Measurements. M. 
Length from end of muzzle to vent 255 
*' to line of axilla 125 
“ “ line of auricular meatus * 062 
Width of head at auricular meatus ; 042 
“ “ “ above “ “ *... 035 
Length of anterior limb 093 
“ “ “ foot 037 
“ “ posterior limb 150 
“ “ “ foot 076 
I have before me two stuffed specimens of this species, a large one and 
probably adult, and a smaller and younger one. The former, which I 
described above, is No. 201 of Sumichrast’s collection, and was procured 
by him at Dondomingvillo, in the State of Oaxaca, atid sent to the Smith- 
sonian Institution. The other specimen was obtained near Batopilas, Chi- 
huahua, by Mr. Edward Wilkinson, and was recorded by me as Cyclura 
acanthura in the catalogue of his collection, Proceedings American Philo- 
sophical Society, 1879, p. 261. It agrees with the type specimen in having 
the distal two-thirds of the tail strongly compressed. The dorsal crest is 
much less elevated, probably owing to its younger age. The colors are 
paler, the prevailing tint being light brown with indistinct darker brown 
cross-bands. 
I find a specimen of this species enumerated as var. B. of Ctenosaura 
acanthura by Boulenger in the vol. ii of the Catalogue of the Lizards in 
the British Museum, p. 197, which has just reached me. 268 
Cope.l 
[Oct. 1G, 
Ctenosaura brevirostris, sp. nov. 
Head short, with obtuse muzzle with decurved profile. Eyes large ; 
nostril near end of muzzle, in the anterior third of distance between end 
of muzzle and orbit. The scales of the top of the muzzle and of the 
frontal region, are subquadrate or subhexagonal, and those of the temporal 
regions are but little longer than wide. All are more or less convex, the 
temporals most so. There are six rows of scales between the nasal plates, 
some of which are wider than long. Three canthal scales, of which the 
anterior is horizontally divided in one specimen. Four rows of wide loreal 
scales above four rows of narrow scales above the supralabials. Labials 
13. Infralabials graduating in size to gulars, but there are five rows of 
subcarinate scales distinctly larger. Two rows between the subquadrate 
supraorbitals. Scales of lateral temporal region convex. Scales of belly 
larger than those of back and sides, which are equal, except those of the 
axillar, scapular and lateral cervical regions which are nearly granular. 
Dorsal crest very low, continuous, excepting for a short distance at the 
base of the tail. Tail nearly cylindric. The scales of the median superior 
crest are not more prominent than those of the sides of the tail, but they 
are not interrupted as are the latter. For the terminal three-fifths of the 
length, the scales of the tail (except below) are equally spinous. For the 
basal third they are separated above by two rows of non-spinous scales, 
and on the lower parts of the sides by three rows. 
In both the specimens the femoral pores are exceedingly small and in- 
distinct and are fiye in numher on each thigh. The throat is distinctly 
cross-folded, but very indistinctly longitudinally folded on the middle 
line. The sides of the neck have two longitudinal folds. 
The general color of the head and body is a blackish-brown, paler below. 
This is crossed on the back between the sacral and postscapular regions 
by five yellow marks, which are bands posteriorly, but become spots an- 
teriorly. The sides of the neck are of the same color, contrasting strongly 
with the black of the throat and nape. This yellow space is partially 
divided by a black line, which extends posteriorly from the angle of the 
lower jaw. The limbs are blackish, and on the fore arm are numerous 
yellow scales, and the tibia is faintly cross banded. The digits and the 
tail are annulated with blackish brown and yellow rings of about equal 
width. 
Measurements. M. 
Total length to end of tail (end of latter imperfect) G45 
Length from muzzle to vent 242 
“ “ “ line of axilla 097 
“ »i n << meatus of ear 045 
Width at front of auditory meatus 040 
Length (axial) from orbit to end of muzzle 022 
“ of fore leg 09G 
“ “ fore foot 047 1886.] 
ICope. 
Measurements. M. 
Length of posterior leg 162 
“ “ posterior foot 085 
“ “ tibia 045 
Two specimens of this species are in the National Museum, which were 
sent from Colima, in Western Mexico, by John Xantus. 
Ctenosaura tekes Harlan, Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mexique, Reptiles, p. 142 
Cyclura teres Harlan, Journ. Acad. Philada., iv, 1825, p. 246, tab. 16 
Wiegmann, Herpert. Mex., 1834, p. 42. “ Ctenosaura armata Gray 
Synopsis Griff. Anim. Kingdom, ix, 1831,” Bocourt. Cyclura pectin- 
ata Weigmann, Herpetol. Mexicana, 1834, p. 42, tab. 2. Dum. Bibron, 
Erp. Gen., iv, 1837, p. 221. Cyclura acanthura Sumiclirast, Univ. et 
Revue Suisse ; Arcliiv. des Sciences Pliys. et Nat., 1864, p. 49. Cteno- 
saura pectinata Wiegm., Gray Catal. Lizards, Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 49. 
Bocourt, Miss. Scientifique Mexique, Reptiles, p. 140. 
Tehuantepec, Sumiclirast; Colima, Xantus; Tampico, Dallas; Vega 
de Alatorre, Vera Cruz, Comision Geografica. 
Subspecies brachylofiia Cope. 
Four stuffed specimens from Mazatlan differ from others of equal size 
and age from other localities in the extreme shortness of the processes 
which compose the dorsal crest. They are in fact merely elongated com- 
pressed scales, longer than high, except on the interscapular region, where 
they are as high as long. The same character is seen in young specimens 
of the ordinary variety. There are three scales on the canthus rostralis, 
of which the posterior is longer than deep, the second deeper than long, 
and the third, adjacent to the nares, is deeper than long, and divided into 
a superior and an inferior plate. The color is apparently green in life, 
punctulated with blackish brown. The punctulations arrange themselves 
into a row of median dorsal spots, and in three of the specimens into two 
transverse bands near the middle of the sides of the abdomen. Tail with 
broad blackish rings. The measurements of the largest specimen are : 
Total length, 630 mm ; to vent, 263 mm ; to posterior border of mem- 
branum tympani, 59 mm ; width of head at front of mem. tympani 40 
mm ; length of posterior leg and foot, 124 mm ; of posterior foot 52 mm. 
Mazatlan Bisclioff; Nos. Natl. Museum, 7180-81-82-83. 
Ctenosaura completa Bocourt, Miss. Scientif. Mexique, Reptiles, p. 
145. Ctenosaura pectinata Cope, Proceedings Academy Philada., 
1866, p. 124 ; Proceedings Amer. Philos. Soc., 1855, p. 388. 
Aspinwall, Panama, Gill; Guatemala, San Salvador, Miss. Scientif.; 
Yucatan, Schott; Cozumel Id., Ridgway. 
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata Gray. Cope, Proceedings Amer. Philo- 
sophical Society, 1869, 161. Cyclura quinquecarinata Gray, Zoologi- 
cal Miscellany, p. 59. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus Gray, Catal. 
Lizards, Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 192. 
Tehuantepec, Sumiclirast. Cope.] 
270 
LOct. 16, 
CACIIRYX Cope. 
Proceedings Academy Pliilada., 1866, p. 124. 
This genus is of the type of Ctenosaura, differing only in the characters 
of its tail. It lacks the terminal portion which is in that and other genera 
free from spinous scales. It is not in my opinion allied to Urocentrum or 
Hoplocercus as suggested by Bocourt, genera which belong to the terres- 
trial division of the family, or Ilumivagse. 
Caciiryx defensor Cope. Proceeds. Acad. Phila., 1866, p. 124. Pro- 
ceeds. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1869, p. 169, pi. 10. Bocourt, Miss. Sci. 
Mexique, Reptiles, p. 148, pi. xvii. bis. figs. 12, 12a. 
Yucatan, Schott. 
BRACHYLOPIIUS Cuvier. 
Regne Animal, edit, ii, p. 41. Dumeril Bibron, Erp. Gen., iv, p. 225. 
Gray, Catal. Brit. Mus., 1845, 187. Fitzinger Systema Reptilium, 1843, 
p. 55. Chloroscartes Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862. 
BRACiiYLOmus FASCiATUS Brong. Cuv. Regne Animal, ii edit., p. 41. 
Dum. Bibron, Erp. Gen., iv, 1837, p. 226. Gray, Catal. Liz. B. M., 
187. Chloroscartes fasciatus Gunther, Proceeds. Zool. Soc. London, 
1862, pi. xxv. 
Feejee Is. 
IGUANA Laurenti. 
Specimen Synopsis Reptilium, 1768, p. 47. Dumdril Bibron., Erp. Gen., 
iv, 1837, p. 199. Gray, Catal. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 186. Hypsilophus Wag- 
lir, Nat. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 147. Amblyrhynchus “Bell” Wagl., 1. c., 
p. 148 (nee Bellii.). 
Iguana tubekculata Laurenti. 
Subspecies tubekculata Laurenti, 1. c., p. 49. Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., 
iv, p. 203 ; Gray, Catal. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 186. 
South America, east of the Andes ; Lesser Antilles. 
Subspecies khinolopha Wiegm. Iguana rliinolopha Wiegmann, Her- 
petol. Mexicana, 1834, i, p. 44. Dum. Bibr., Erpet. Gen., iv, p. 207. 
Iguana tuberculata var. Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 364; Cope, Proceeds. 
Amer. Philosopli. Society, 1869, p. 161. 
Costa Rica, Oabb ; Tehuantepec, Sumichrast; Colima, Xantus; Cozu- 
mel, Yucatan, Ridgway. 
Tierra Caliente of Mexico. 
Iguana delicatissima Laurenti. Specimen Syn. Reptilium, p. 48, 
1768. Gray, Catal. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 187. I. nudicollis Cuv., Regne 
Animal, ii, p. 40. Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., 1837, iv, p. 208, 
Guadalupe, Nevis, Ober. 188.5.] 
[Cope. 
Systema Beptilium, 1843, p. 55. Boulenger, Catal. Lizards, Brit. Mus., 
1885, ii, p. 186. Amblyrhynchus pars Dum. Bibr., iv, p. 197. Trachyctpha- 
Vus Gray, Catal. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 188. 
M. Boulenger (Catalogue Lizards Brit. Museum. 1885) first pointed out 
the characters which distinguish this genus from Brachylophus. 
CoNOLOrnus subcristatus Gray. Amblyrhynchus subcristatus Gray, 
Zool. Misc., p. 6, 1831. Zoology Beechy’s Voyage Rept., p. 93, 1839. 
Amblyrhynchus demarlii Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., iv, p. 197, 1837 ; Bell 
Zool. Beagle, iii, p. 22, 1843, pi. ii. Conolophus demarlii Fitz., Syst. 
Rept. Conolophus subcristatus Steindachner, Festsclir. K. K. Zool. 
Bot. Gess. Wien ; Die Sclil. u. Eid. d. Galapagos Ins. 22, 1876, tab. 
iv, v, figs. 6-9 ; vi, figs. 4-6 ; vii, 5-8. Trachyphalus subcristatus Gray, 
Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 188. 
Galapagos Ids. 
AMBLYRHYNCHUS Bell. 
Zoological Journal, London, 1825, p. 195. Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., iv, 
204 pars. Oreocephalus Gray, Catal. Liz., Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 189. 
Steindachner states that the Amblyrhynchus cristatus possesses no gular 
cross fold. I know of no other ground for separating it generic-ally from 
the Conolophus subcristatus. 
Amblyrhynchus cristatus Bell, loc cit. Tab. xii. Do. Voyage of the 
Beagle, iii, p. 23. Steindnacliner Festschrift der K. Iv. Zoolog. Botan. 
Gess., Wien, 1876 ; Die Sclilangen u. Eideehsen der Galapagos Ins., 
p. 16, tab. iii, v, vi, figs. 1-4. Hypsilophus cristatus Fitzinger. Ambly- 
rhynchus ater Gray. Synops. Rept. Griff. Anim. Kingdom, ix, p. 37. 
Dum. Bibr., Erp. Gen., iv, p. 196. Oreocephalus cristatus Gray. Catal. 
Brit. Mus., 189. 
Galapagos Ids. 
CONOLOPIIUS Fitzinger. 
Thirteenth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America. By E. D. 
Cope. 
(Read before the American Philosophical Society, Bov. 20, 18S5.) 
I. Nicaragua, Bransford. 
Dr. J. F. Bransford, U. S. N., has sent from time to time collections 
from Central America to our scientific institutions, which have thrown 
much light on the zoology of the regions he has visited. In 1874, I had 
the privilege of publishing a report on a collection obtained by him in 
Nicaragua* ;and later (1875) I published an account)- of a collection sent 
•Proceedings Academy Philada., 1874, p. 64. 
tJournal Academy Philada., 1875, p. 155. 272 
[Nov. 20, 
Cope.] 
by him from Panama. On these occasions I defined six species not previ- 
ously known to science. On the present occasion I am able to determine 
the contents of a new collection obtained by Dr. Bransford in Nicaragua. 
This embraces thirty species, of which ten are new to science. The col- 
lection adds very much to our knowledge of the range of various species, 
both as to their southward and northward extension. The specimens are 
the property of the National Museum at Washington, which institution 
placed them in my hands for identification and description. 
BATRACHIA. 
Anura. 
1. Bufo haematiticus Cope, Nos. 14178, 14181. Abundant. 
2. Bufo marines L., Nos. 14198, 14213. One specimen. 
3. Bufo valliceps Wiegm., Nos. 14194-5-88. Three specimens. 
4 Dendiiobates tinctobius Ichu., No. 14183. Abundant. 
5. Dendrobates typographus Keferst. No. 14189. Abundant. 
C.ENGY8TOMA PICTIVENTRE, Sp. nOV. 
One small metatarsal tubercle. Muzzle anterior to eye equal to twice 
long diameter of latter, and projecting well beyond the mouth. Nostrils 
lateral-terminal. No fold across occiput. Skin everywhere smooth. 
First finger shorter than second, which reaches end of muzzle when the 
limb is extended. When the hind limb is extended forwards, the distal 
end of the astragalus reaches the extremity of the muzzle. First toe very 
short; second a good deal longer than filth ; fourth elongate. 
Color above olivaceous brown. A black band with a very narrow palo 
superior border extends from the end of the muzzle to the lower part of 
the groin, the superior border descending posteriorly. No inguinal spot. 
Below black, with white spots. Those on the abdomen are very large ; 
those on the femora and tibia are smaller, and those on the thorax and 
gular region are still smaller. 
Total length of head and body, 22.5 mm. ; of posterior leg, commenc- 
ing at groin, 29 mm. ; length of posterior foot, 14 mm., of which the 
astragalar portion measures 4.5 mm. 
No. 14196 ; National Museum. 
7. Hypsiboas miliarius, sp. nov. 
A species above medium size, in which the pollex is free from the index 
for most of its length, and terminates in a flattened cone, instead of a 
curved, acute spine. 
Vomerine teeth in two transverse series behind the posterior borders of 
the choanae, and within the lines of their internal borders. Ostea phar- 
yngea half the size of the choanae. Tongue subround, feebly emarginate 
posteriorly. Eyes large and prominent. Head flat and depressed, wider 
than long, muzzle broadly rounded and with perpendicular profile ; and 
as long as the orbit’s diameter. Canthus rostralis almost wanting, very 273 
Irtil. ] 
[< 'ope. 
concave. Nostrils terminal and lateral. Tympanum three fifths diameter 
of orbit, larger than digital discs. Both anterior and posterior feet pal- 
mate to the bases of the last phalanges of the longest digits, except be- 
tween the second and third anterior digits, which is only palmate to the 
bases of the penultimate digits. When the hind leg is extended the heel 
reaches the end of the muzzle. The posterior digits are short, but two 
phalanges projecting beyond the knee when the leg is closed. The pal- 
mation is wide, and extends a short distance between the external meta- 
tarsals. A well-marked cuneiform tubercle, with slightly free apex. 
The under surfaces have the usual areolation. The superior surfaces are 
thickly covered with small tubercles, which are largest and most prominent 
on the top of the head, where some of them are subspinous. There is a 
serrate narrow free dermal margin on the external edge of the fore leg, 
from the elbow to the end of the fifth digit, and a similar one on the ex- 
ternal edge of the posterior foot. There is none on the side of the body. 
Length of head and body M. .062 ; length of head on middle line to 
line connecting posterior extremities of maxillary bones, .017 ; width of 
head at same point, .025 ; length of anterior limb from axilla, .035 ; do. 
of fore arm, .011 ; length of carpus and digit, .019. Length of thigh from 
groin, .025 ; of tibia, .032 ; of tarsus, .019 ; of foot to end of fourth digit, 
.025. 
The color of all the upper surfaces is a dark plum or mulberry, with an 
obscure coarse reticulation of a darker shade. The color of the inferior 
surfaces everywhere is yellowish, spotted with the color of the dorsal 
region. At each heel, and just below the vent, there is a yellow spot. 
The webs of both fore and hinder feet are plum-color, except the borders, 
which are yellowish. The digits are yellowish on the under sides. There 
is a spot of pale color on the upper lip below the space between the orbit 
and the tympanum, and some less distinct spots on the lip anterior to it. 
The dermal processes of the fore arm and tarsus are light yellowish. 
Collection No. 14193. 
This fine species approaches nearer in coloration, dermal character, and 
form of palmation to the Ilyla mnrmorata than to any other species of 
that genus. The remarkable development of the pollex, however, places 
it in the genus Hypsiboas, although it differs materially in the details of 
this part from the known species of the genus. 
8. Hypsiboas ai.bomauginatus Spix. Nos. 14190-91-92. One of the three 
specimens has a yellow dorsolateral band on each side. 
9. Hyla quinquevittata, sp. nov. 
Rather small. External fingers with a slight rudiment of a web at their 
bases. Toes with web only reaching the middle of the penultimate pha- 
langes of the third and fifth digits. Yomerine teeth in two rather large 
rounded fasciculi close together on the anterior half of the space between 
the choanae. Tongue a little longer than wide, feebly notched. Tympanic 
membrane round, two-fifths the long diameter of the eye-fissure. The 274 
Cope.] 
[Nov. 20, 
muzzle is rather acuminate and projects beyond the mouth. The canthus 
rostralis is distinct and concave. The skin is perfectly smooth on all the 
superior surfaces. The wrist of the extended fore limb extends to the end 
of the muzzle ; while the heel extends a little beyond the same point. 
Length of head and body M. .029 ; of fore leg, .017 ; of hind leg, .043 ; 
of hind foot, .019 ; of tarsus, .009 ; of tibia, .015. 
Color above light gray, with five parallel dark gray longitudinal bands. 
The median band is somewhat indistinct posterior to the interscapular 
region and in front of the sacrum. Anteriorly it expands so as to form a 
large subtriangular spot between the eyes, the apex being posterior. The 
femur has one cross-band ; the cubitus two, and the tibia three. Inferior 
and concealed surfaces unspotted. 
Coll. No. 14187. 
This species is, in many technical respects, similar to the Hyla eximia 
Baird. The hinder legs are much longer ; the muzzle is more acuminate, 
and the color bands are much wider. The frog is probably of a different 
color in life. 
10. Agalychnis Cope. Proceeds. Amer. Philosoph. Society, 
1884, p. 182. 
A larger specimen than the type, in which yellow border of the lateral 
purple stripe, and the bars which cross it, are wider. There are also 
traces of pale cross-bands on the back. No. 14186. 
11. Litiiodytes diastema Cope. One specimen ; No. 14209. 
12. LlTHODYTES KRANSFOIIDII, Sp. nOV. 
Represented by a number of individuals of small size, but which are 
adult. The characters are well marked. The legs are short, the posterior 
when extended only bringing the heel to the orbit. The vomerine teeth 
are in two transverse or slightly arched series, near together well behind 
the line of the posterior nares, and not extending exterior to the middle 
of the latter. The tympanic disc is large, in four of the specimens equal- 
ing the diameter of the eye-fissure, in three others not exceeding two- 
thirds of that size. The muzzle does not project, and is slightly truncate, 
and is about equal in length to the diameter of the orbit. The nostril is 
nearly terminal-lateral. Canthus rostralis distinct, obtuse, nearly straight. 
The toes are entirely free, and the dilatations are moderate. Two meta- 
tarsal tubercles, the inner larger. The skin of the back is thrown into 
delicate longitudinal parallel folds, which are easily lost. 
Length of head and body, M. .0255 ; length of anterior limb, .013 ; of 
posterior limb from groin, .036; of foot, .017 ; of tarsus, .0075 ; of tibia, 
.012. 
In the color there is much pink on the upper and concealed surfaces. 
There are two dark spots on the lip, one below each canthus of the eye. 
There is a large more or less obsolete spot behind and above the axilla, 
with an oblique posterior border. There is a dark spot on the parietal 
region and generally one between the anterior parts of the orbits. There 275 
1885.1 
is generally a light open chevron pointing forwards across the middle of 
the hack, with a dark one in front of it. In the largest specimen a pink 
band extends from the orbit posteriorly to the ilium. Posterior lace of 
femur brown with light specks or finely brown mottled. Other lower 
surfaces whitish, except that in a few specimens the gular region is 
obscurely brown mottled. 
This species belongs to the short legged group represented by the L. 
diastema, and need not therefore be compared with the L. podiciferus, 
muricinus and rhodopis, where the heel reaches much beyond the muzzle. 
From L. diastema it differs in the much longer posterior foot, and in the 
close approximation of its teeth, which form a row and not a fascicle. 
The tympanum is at all times much larger and more distinct, although 
it is variable in diameter. 
This species is dedicated to Doctor John F. Bransford, U. S. N., whose 
researches have thrown much light on the fauna of Nicaragua. 
Museum 5 No. 14200. 
13. Lithodytes hanoides, sp. nov. 
This form is a little nearer to some already known than the last de- 
scribed. The heel of the extended hind leg reaches exactly the end of 
the muzzle, being thus still shorter than in the group above mentioned, 
which is represented by the L. rhodopis and its allies. The vomerine teeth, 
unlike any of the forms mentioned, are in small fasciculi, which are not 
widely separated, and which are entirely behind the line of the posterior 
border of the nares, and within that of the internal border. A dis- 
tinctive character is the presence of a small web between the toes, 
which is nearly as well developed as in the Uylodes [Lihyla) guentherii 
Keferst. The diameter of the tympanic disc is about half that of the 
ball of the eye. The tongue is a parallelogrammic oval, and is entire 
posteriorly. The head is relatively rather long, and the muzzle is 
acuminate. The muzzle projects somewhat beyond the mouth, and be- 
yond the nares, which are above the edge of the symphysis mandibuli. 
Its length a little exceeds that of the eyeball, which itself is more than 
half larger than the interorbital width. The eanthus rostralis is distinct 
and nearly straight. The digital dilatations are truncate. The external 
metatarsal tubercle is obsolete, and the internal one is small. The skin 
is nearly smooth, but a pair of feeble folds form an obscure pattern on the 
scapular regions. 
Length of head and body, M. .0265 ; do. to line connecting posterior 
borders of tympana, .10 ; width at anterior borders of do., .0105 ; length 
of fore limb from axilla, .0155 ; of hind limb from groin, .041 ; of hind 
foot, .019 ; of tarsus, .0075 ; of tibia, .014. 
Color dark ashen above, darker on the head. A pale cross-band across 
frontoparietal region. Four large dark spots on upper lip, commencing 
at end of muzzle. Limbs dark cross-banded ; three on tibia and two on 
femur. Sides and lower surfaces white, the former and the gular and 
[Cope Cope.] 
[Nov. 30, 
pectoral regions thickly speckled with dark ash ; a few larger splotches of 
the same in front of and at the groin. The cross-bands of the tibia ex- 
tend on the skin that covers the flexors of the foot so as to be seen from 
below. 
Four specimens ; No. 14179. 
14. IIylodes polyptychus, sp. nov. 
Vomerine teeth in two transverse series behind the posterior borders and 
within the lines of the internal borders of the choanae. Tympanic disc 
a vertical oval, the long diameter two thirds that of the orbit. Limbs 
short, the heel only reaching the muzzle. The toes are rather long, have 
rather small oval dilatations and are perfectly free at the base. The bead 
is short, and the muzzle has an oval outline, and projects a little beyond 
the mouth. Its length anterior to the orbit equals the diameter of the 
same, and the nostril is nearly terminal. Two distinct metatarsal tuber- 
cles, the internal with a rather prominent apex. The tubercles below the 
bases of the phalanges are rather prominent. The skin of the abdomen 
is areolate. That of the upper surfaces is plicate and tuberculate. The 
plicae are interrupted, and may be regarded as forming eight longitudinal 
series, the external of which are dorso-lateral. Below these the sides are 
tubercular; as are also the spaces between the dorsal plicae, the superior 
surfaces of the limbs, and the top of the head, especially the superior face 
of the eyelids. An external fold on the distal half of the tarsus. 
Length of head and body, .027 ; of head to posterior line of tympanum, 
.009 ; width at anterior line of do., .011. Length of fore limb, .015 ; of 
hind limb, .037 ; of hind foot, .018 ; of tarsus, .0073; of tibia, .012. 
Color above dark ashen, with indistinct shades. Four dark spots on 
upper lip ; a dark shade above and posterior to axilla ; four narrow black 
cross-bands on thigh, two across tibia and four across external side of foot. 
Inferior surfaces dirty white. Posterior face of thigh and gular region 
thickly clouded with brown. 
Two specimens ; No. 14199. 
15. Ranula chrysoprasina Cope. Several specimens ; No. 14180. 
REPTILIA. 
Lacertilia. 
16. Amiva festiva Licht. et Yon M. All of the specimens (four) have 
hut three supraocular scuta. Nos. 14204-5. 
17. Corytiiophanes CRiSTATus. No. 14202. One specimen. 
18. Anolis copei Boc. No. 14210. One specimen. 
19. Anolis roderiguezii Boc. Cope, Proceedings Amer. Philos. Soc., 
1885, p. 391. Three specimens ; No. 13721. 
20. Anolis crassulus Cope. One specimen ; No. 14208. 
21. Anolts capito Peters. Three specimens ; No. 14203-12. 
22. Anolis oxylophus Cope. Four specimens ; No. 14211. 
23. Anolis quaggulus Cope. Numerous specimens ; No. 14208. The 277 
[Cope 
coloration of none of these individuals agrees with the type in having the 
vertical black lines, on the sides which I have described. The dorsal 
chevrons are frequently present, but they are sometimes replaced by 
large pale brown rhombs or a uniform metallic pale brown. The keels 
of the ventral scales are sometimes obsolete. The scales round the occipi- 
tal are generally keeled, as well as those of the rest of the head. 
24. iiomolepis, sp. nov. 
Scales of upper surfaces small, flat, not granular nor keeled, a little 
smaller than those of the abdomen. Rostral plate large. Labials f, first 
inferior labial corresponding to three superior labials. Muzzle a little 
longer than distance from eye to auricular meatus, and one and two-thirds 
times the length of the eye’s diameter. Scales of lower surface of normal 
tail similar to those of upper surface. 
Brownish cream color with dark brown bands, longitudinal on the head, 
and transverse on neck, body and tail. There are seven lines on the head, 
one median, and three on each side. The inferior is short and is anterior 
to the auricular meatus ; the second extends from the end of the muzzle 
through the eye to the neck, and the third runs backwards from the super- 
ciliary region to an equal length. • The cross-bands are not so wide as the 
spaces between them. One is at the nape, one crosses the shoulders, one 
the middle of the body and one the groin. There are four complete 
annuli on the tail. 
This species is of very small size. Total length M. .024 ; of head and 
body, .016 ; of head to auricular meatus, .004. No. 14207. 
This Sphajrodactylus is nearest the S. sputator of Cuba. In that species 
the scales are smaller, there are subcaudal scutella, and the head-bands 
are less numerous and distinct. 
25. Rhadin,ea decorata* Giinther. No. 14217. 
* A species of this genus in my collection from the State of Hidalgo, Meixco, 
is apparently undescribed. I call it Rhadinaea quinquelineala. It is nearest the 
R. tceniata Peters, but has a much shorter tail, and differs in coloration. The 
scales are in seventeen longitudinal rows, and as in other species of Riiadinma, 
are poreless. There is but one preocular plate,which does not approach the frontal. 
The loreal is longer than iiigh ; postoculars 2; temporals 1-2. Superior labials, 
eight, all higher than long, excepting the last, which is as high as long; the 
third, fourth and fifth entering the orbit. Parietal plates elongate, exceeding the 
frontal. Anterior border of frontal ungulate, its length about equal to the 
lateral border. Inferior labials ten, the pregeneials considerably shorter than 
the postgeneials. Gastrosteges 179; anal 1-1; urosteges 77. Total length M. .438 ; 
of tail, .115 ; to canthus oris .911. 
Color light brown above; below to ends of gastrosteges, and upper lip, yellow. 
A black band runs along the middle of the fourth row of scales, and a dusky one 
on the adjacent halves of the seventh and eighth rows. A narrow black line 
along the median row. The lateral band extends through the eye to the end of 
the muzzle, crossing the tops of the 8th, 7th,6th and 5th labials, becomingdarker 
anteriorly. The band of ground-color above it extends to the eye. narrowing in 
front. The three dorsal bands unite into a wide brown one on the nape, which 
spreads out and covers the top of the head. The last two maxillary teeth are 
much stronger than the others. 
Discovered by my friend Dr. Santiago Bernad ; two specimens; a third from 
the State of Pueblo. 278 
Cope.] 
[Nov. 20, 
26. OPHIBOIiXTS POLYZONU9 MICROPHOT.T8 COPE. No. 14214, 
27. Herpetodryas melas, sp. nov. 
Scales in ten longitudinal series, all smooth, those of the median rows 
larger than those of the lateral, and rather smaller than the parietal scuta. 
Parietals rather short and wide, openly einarginate behind. Nine superior 
labials, all longer than high, the fourth, fifth and sixth entering the orbit. 
Nasals well developed ; loreal square ; oculars 1-2 ; temporals 1-1-1. 
Muzzle rather short, and eye large ; diameter of the latter equal length 
from orbit to nostril. Frontal not much concave at sides. Inferior labials 
ten, fifth longest, narrow, and the last one in contact with the geneials. 
Postgeneials longer than pregeneials. Gastrosteges 158 ; anal 1-1 ; uro- 
steges 139. Total length M. 1.210; length of tail, .470; length to 
rictus oris, .029. 
Shining black, except on the superior labial scuta and anterior half of 
body, which are cream-colored. The ends of the light gastrosteges re- 
main black. Here and there a black scale has a white edge, and several 
present this character distinctly just posterior to the angle of the mandible 
on the neck. No. 14219. 
This interesting species is nearest to the Herpetodryas grandisqnamis 
Peters (Cope, Journal Academy Philada., 1875, p. 135), but differs in 
having the scales smaller, without keels, and in ten longitudinal rows. 
Peters placed the latter in Spilotes, but I have not adopted this arrange- 
ment, since like the H. melas, it has a divided anal plate, and scales with- 
out fosste in an even instead of an odd number. These characters indicate 
clearly that its place is in Herpetodryas. 
28. Dendrophidium dendrophis* Shi. Herpetodryas poitei D. & B. 
Two specimens (Nos. 14215-20) adult and half-grown. The latter has 
the coloration ascribed to this species, while the cross lines and lateral 
spots are obsolete in the former. There are no markings on the head and 
neck of the adult. The top of the head is red in the adult. Oculars 
* A species allied to the D. dendrophis was sent to the Smithsonian Institution 
from Guatemala by H. Hague, which lias not yet, so far as I am aware, received 
a place in the system. It may be called Dendrophidium chloroticum. The scales 
are in seventeen rows, of which four rows on each side are smooth on the ante- 
rior part of the body, and only two smooth on the posterior. The parietal plates 
are a little longer than the frontal, which has straight sides. The eye is large, 
its anteroposterior diameter equaling the width of the superciliary and frontal 
scuta combined, and equaling the length of the muzzle to the middle of the 
prenasal plate. Oculars 1-2. Temporals 2-2, all narrow. Superior labials nine, 
the lust three longer than high. Loreul large, higher than long; nasals rather 
small. Gastrosteges 1(59; anal 1-1 ; urosteges, 117. Color above, including ends 
of gastrosteges, green; below yellow. On stretching the skin it is seen to be 
black between the scales of the sides of every second or third row, in oblique 
lines running upwards and forwards. Total length M. 1.048; of tail, .3il; to 
rictus oris .027. 
This species is abundantly different from the D. melanotropis Cope, but is near 
to the D dendrophis Hchi. The muzzle is shorter than in our specimens of the 
latter, and in those figured by Jan, and the number of keeled rows of scales is 
less, nine to filteen. The color is entirely different. 1S.S1.1 
[Cope. 
1-2. Three temporals border the labials above, except on one side of tbe 
younger specimen where there are but two, as in tbe individuals figured 
by Jan in Iconographic Generale des Ophidiens Livr. 31, PI. iii. The speci- 
mens of the species hitherto described are from Cayenne. 
29. Hapsidopiirys saturatus Cope. Leptophis saturatus Cope, Journal 
Academy Philada., 1875, p. 133 ; PI. 28, fig. 10. 
The frontal plate, in the single specimen sent, has its lateral borders 
straight and not contracted as in the type specimen figured. No. 1421G. 
llapsidophrys Fiscli. differs from Leptophis in having a loreal plate, and 
from Philothamnus Smith, in having keeled scales. Its American species 
are II. mexicanus D. & B. ; U. diplotropis Gthr. and II saturatus Cope. 
To Leptophis belong L. bilineatus {Diplotropis Gthr.), L. occidentalis Gthr., 
L. saryii Fiscli., and L. prmtans Cope. To Philothamnus must be referred 
P. curufjinosus Cope ; P. modestus Gthr. and P. depressirostris Cope. 
30. Elaps nigrocinctus Gird. No. 14214 ; one specimen. 
31. Elaps multifasciatus Jan. No. 14218 ; one specimen. 
General Remarks. 
A general analysis of the ITerpetological fauna of Nicaragua cannot yet 
be given, especially as the distribution of species within the State has not 
been lurnished by explorers. It will however be of interest to note the 
following points: 
Of the thirty one species enumerated in the preceding catalogue four 
are widely distributed South American forms, viz: Bvfo marinas; Hyp- 
siboas albomarginatus ; Dendrobates tinctorius and Dendroplpidium dendro- 
phis. Three are especially Mexican forms, although they extend as far 
south as Costa Rica, viz: liufo valliceps; Rhadinwa deeorata and Ophi- 
bolus polyzonus. The remainder are especially Central American forms, 
which have been found either in Guatemala, Costa Rica or Panama, 
or are new to science. Of these the number having a southern range is 
considerably in excess of those ranging to the north of Nicaragua. 
II. Panama Nelson. 
The following species were obtained at Panama by Dr. George W. Nel- 
son, and sent to the National Museum at Washington. Two of the spe- 
cies are new to science. 
Batrachia. 
1. IIerpele ociirocephaIjA Cope. Proceedings American Philosoph. 
Society, 1885, p. 171. Ccecilia ochrocepliala Cope, Proceedings Acad- 
emy Philadelphia, 18G6, p. 132; Broccki Mission Scieutif. Mexique. 
One specimen ; No. 14116. 
Ophidia. 
2. Rhadinjea fulyiceps, sp. nov. 
Scales in seventeen longitudinal rows. Two preoculars, the inferior 280 
Cope.] 
[Nov. 20, 
small and occupying a notch between the third and fourth superior labials. 
Preorbital part of head short. Internasals and prefontals broader than long. 
Frontals, supraorbitals and occipitals rather large, llostral plate wider 
than high, rather prominent. Postnasal higher than prenasal, its poste- 
rior border an arc of a circle. Loreal higher than long. Postoculars 
two, the inferior the smaller. Temporals 1-2-3. Superior labials eight, 
all longer than high, excepting the sixth, which is as high as long ; the 
fourth and fifth bounding the orbit. Inferior labials nine, fifth largest, 
and the last one in contact with the geneials. Postgeneials longer than 
pregenials. Gastrosteges 144 ; anal 1-1 ; urosteges 109. 
Color above dark brown, with three darker brown longitudinal bands. 
The lateral one is on the second and third rows of scales, and the median 
stripe occupies four rows. Below yellow', with a serrate blackish border 
on each side, due to the presence of an angular spot at the extremity of 
each two gastrosteges, which covers the suture between them. Top of 
head yellowish-brown, quite distinct from the body, and without markings. 
Sides of head darker ; lips yellow, each plate with a black border, and 
more or less numerous black spots. One of these, larger than the rest, 
extends upwards towards the line of the posterior extremities of the parie- 
tal scuta. Another extends a short distance posterior to the angle of the 
mouth. 
Total length, M. .341 ; of tail, .148; to rictus oris, .007. Collection, 
No. 14118. 
This small species is nearest to the 12. ignita (Cope, Journal Academy 
Phila., 1875, p. 140), in technical characters, but the interior preocular has 
a different position, and the coloration is entirely distinct. No. 14118. 
3. Leptognathus stuatissima, sp. nov. 
This species belongs to the section of the genus with elongate colubri- 
form geneial scuta, smooth scales, and a larger vertebral series. The 
scales of the vertebral series are longer than wide, and are truncate at 
the apex, and do not exceed the other scales so much as is seen in some 
species. This species ditiers from most of those of the same seetion, in 
having the loreal entirely separated from the orbit by the well-developed 
preocular. 
Scales in seventeen series. Internasal and prefrontal scuta broader than 
long. Frontal large, wide. Parietals large, loreal as high as long at base. 
Oculars 1-2, the inferior postocular much smaller than the superior. 
Superior labials eight, the third, fourth and fifth entering orbit. Tempo- 
rals 2-3. Inferior labials six, in contact wTith geneials, the sixth separated 
by a scale from the postgeneial for most of its length. Gastrosteges, 232 ; 
anal, 1-1 ; urosteges, 130. 
Total length, M. .381 ; of tail, .100; to rictus oris, .008. Coll., No. 
14121. 
Ground color light gray, which is covered by the following markings : 
There are sixty-nine cross-bands of a deep brown, which narrow a little' on 
the sides, and have broadly rounded extremities at the second row of 281 
1885 ] 
[Cope. 
scales. The centres of the spaces between them on the sides are occupied 
by a light brown spot. Each gastrostege has a dark brown spot on its 
extremity,' and the rest of the scutum is thickly dusted with brown. 
Thirty-nine cross-bands on upper surface of tail. Three brown chevrons 
on the parietal region, directed backwards, the anterior commencing with 
the superciliary. Muzzle and sides of head brown speckled ; throat and 
chin immaculate. 
4. Dipsas cenchoa L. Nos. 14119-20. 
5. Drymobius boddaertii Seetzen. No. 14117. 
G. Elaps nigrocinctus * Girard. No. 14115. 
7. Bothrops atrox L. No. 14114. 
III. Ciiiriqui. 
IIyla microcepiiala, sp. nov. 
Fingers free ; toes webbed nearly to the palettes of the third and fifth 
digits. Vomerine teeth in two fascicles between the nares, with their 
anterior edge in line with the anterior edge of the latter. Membranum 
tympani round, its diameter one-third that of the eye. The latter equals 
the length of the muzzle, which is short and rather deep, and not promi- 
nent. The external nostril is at one-fourth the length posterior to the 
apex. The head is small in its dimensions, its length to the line of the 
posterior border of the tympana entering the length of the head and body, 
three and a half times. The eyes are little prominent. The general form 
is slender, and the hinder legs are long, the heel reaching to beyond the 
end of the muzzle. The metatarsal tubercles are not distinguishable as 
dermal differentiations. Digital dilatations not so large as the tympanic 
membrane. Skin everywhere smooth on superior surfaces. Length ot 
head and body, .0275 ; do. of anterior limb from axilla, .014 ; of posterior 
* A species of this genus has been obtained by Francis Sumichrast, on the 
Pacific side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, which I believe to be undescribed. 
It is referred to in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 1860, 
p. 162, as Elaps aglceope; but it is distinct from this species. I propose that it 
be called Elaps ephippi/er. It has the seven superior labials and fifteen rows of 
scales of the most of llie American Elaps, and the labials are separated from 
parietals by one row of temporals. The rostral plate is transverse and not par- 
ticularly prominent, and its posterior border is very openly angulate. The 
frontal plate has long parallel lateral borders, and much shorter posterior ones. 
Gastrosteges, 218; anal divided; urosteges, 48. There are seventeen black rings 
on the body, which encircle thejabdomen, covering a length of four and a half 
scales and five or six gastrosteges. They are separated by nine or ten scales, 
and have a wide yellow border of one and a half or two scales in width. The 
entire space between these yellow borders is occupied by a large black spot, 
which descends on each side to the second row of scales. The remaining space 
between the yellow borders is red. There is a wide black entire collar, which 
cuts off the apex oi the parietal shields. The muzzle and front are black as 
far as the anterior part of the parietals. 
The wide yellow borders in this species are like those of the E. euryxanlhus, 
while the black saddles represent the black spots of the E. aglceope. 282 
Cope] 
[Nov. 20, 
limb from groin, .0415 ; do. of posterior foot, .019 ; of tarsus, .0095 ; of 
tibia, .0145. Width of head at anterior border of tympana, .008. 
Rich cream-color on all the upper surfaces, on one specimen tinged with 
brown. Below lighter cream-color. A pale brown band with a narrow 
yellow superior margin from the end of the muzzle to the groin. The 
brown tint fades out rapidly below, and on the posterior half of the side is 
reduced to a narrow line. A narrow brown band on each side of the back, 
which extend as far forward as the orbit. 
This species is well characterized, having little resemblance to any other 
member of the genus. It was taken along a mountain stream in the 
department of Cliiriqui. Two specimens ; No. 13473. 
IY. City of Chihuahua, Wilkinson. 
Information as to the character of the reptilian fauna of the central part 
of the State of Chihuahua, has been a desideratum. A few specimens 
from the region were sent many years ago to the Museum of the Smithso- 
nian Institution by Mr. John Potts, and are recorded in the report of the 
Mexican Boundary Survey by Professor Baird. A collection from the 
southern part of the Sierra Madre in this State, from the mining district of 
Batopilas, was sent me for study by Mr. Wilkinson, and was reported on 
in the Proceedings of this Society for 1879, p. 261. That region is how- 
ever much to the south of the one represented by the present collection, 
and is much more elevated. 
The great plain in which the city of Chihuahua stands is arid, and the 
vegetation is generally sparse. Low mountains bound it on the east and 
west. The formation of the surface of the plain is a coarse drift composed 
principally of little or much rounded fragments of basalt, more or less 
cemented together by a calcareous mud. The same formation composes 
the plains of Southern New Mexico. The vegetation of this plain consists 
of mesquit, Fouquieria, Yuccas and Opuntias. South of the city is a 
considerable tract of grassy country. The city stands on a creek, whose 
waters are used by the inhabitants for supporting a cultivation which 
produces a most agreeable contrast to the general aspect of the country. 
Mr. Wilkinson’s collection indicates that reptiles are numerous, since 
he obtained, in a short time, 471 individuals. These only represent twenty- 
six species and subspecies. They are as follows. 
Lacertilia. 
1. Piikynosoma COKNUTUM Harl. Abundant; Nos. 14228-52-90, 14300. 
2. Phrynosoma modesttjm Gird. Abundant ; Nos. 14229-51-91 ; 14301. 
S. Holbrookia texana Trosch. Abundant. Nos. 14234-38-43-47, 
14309. 
4. Holbrookia maculata B. & G. Abundant. Nos. 14239-40-45, 
14310. 
5. Crotaphytus collaris Say. Moderately abundant. Nos. 14306-7. 283 
1S85.1 
[Cope. 
6. Uta btcarinata Dumeril. One specimen ; No. 14248. The most 
northern locality for this Heard. 
7. Scet,oporus TOKQtTATUs Green & Peale ; subspecies poinsettii Bd. & 
Gird. Two specimens ; Nos. 14233-43. 
8. Sceloforus unduIjATUs Latr. Abundant ; many of the males are 
without the undulating cross-lines. The most southern locality in 
Mexico. 
9. Sceloporus grammicus Wiegm. One specimen ; No. 14243. I men- 
tion here that the range of the S. vnrinbilis has been recently extended 
a considerable distance to the northward of the limit, Monterey, 
which I gave in my synopsis of the species of Sceloporus in the Pro- 
ceedings of this Society, 1885, p. 397. Mr. Win. Taylor has found it 
near San Diego in S. W. Texas, and Mr. Eugene Aaron has procured 
it from near Corpus Christi. For specimens from the latter place I 
am indebted to my friend Mr. J. L. Wortman. 
10. Cnemidopiiorus sexLineatus Linn. Very abundant in three princi- 
pal subspecific forms, which received names from Messrs. Baird and 
Girard. The characters displayed by these forms are instructive as 
showing how a longitudinally striped coloration may pass by insensi- 
ble gradations into a cross banded one. The subspecies and their 
forms ate distinguished as follows: 
Six longitudinal narrow stripes with unspotted interspaces 
subsp. sextineatus. 
Six stripes as above, the dark interspaces with small white spots 
subsp. guttatus. 
Six stripes as above, wider, and very obscure ; small obscure spots 
subsp. No. 3. 
Six stripes as above, but wider, and the spots enlarged so as to be con- 
fluent occasionally with the light stripes subsp. No. 4. 
The stripes wider, and the spots confluent with them, so as to reduce the 
dark ground color to a series of rows of short transverse cross-lines.. 
subsp. No. 5. 
The short black cross-bars more or less confluent across the positions of 
the light stripes, forming transverse cross-bands, which are generally 
best developed on the sides subsp. tigris. 
Of the above forms all are numerously represented in the collection. 
The modification of the color pattern described, is not entirely due to age, 
as some of the largest specimens belong to subspecies guttatus, and No. 
3. Nevertheless small specimens predominate in the subspecies sextineatus, 
and large ones in the subspecies tigris. Subspecies No. 4 presents a good 
many small specimens. The form I described as G. communis (Proceed- 
ings Am. Phil. Soc., 1877, p. 95), from Southern Mexico, has the colora- 
tion of the subspecies guttatus and No. 4, but differs from them in posess- 
ing a frenoocular plate. In a few cases, however, this plate is wanting in 284 
Cope.] 
[Nov. 2), 
specimens from the same locality, so that the form communis had best be 
regarded as another subspecies of the C. sexlineatus. The latter is the 
only one which is found in the Eastern and Austroriparian districts of 
North America. 
Subspecies sexlineatus ; Nos. 1423G-41-49-69 ; 14305. 
Subspecies guttatus B. & G. 14231-41-305-308. 
Subspecies No. 3 ; 14231-50-308. 
Subspecies No. 4 ; 14241-50-302-5. 
Subspecies No. 5 ; 14237-50-302. 
Subspecies tiguis B. & G. 14237-50-302. 
11. Eumeces obsoletus B. & G. Two specimens ; No. 14244. 
Opiiidia. 
12. Salvadors grahamij: Bd. Gird. Two specimens ; Nos. 14255-95. 
13. Riiineciiis elegans Kenn. Arizona elegans Kennicott, U. S. Mex. 
Boundary Survey, Reptiles, page 18, Plate . Pityophis elegans Cope, 
Check List Reptiles N. Amer , p. 39. 
This species exhibits all the characteristics of the genus Rhinechis, 
which is represented by a single species of Southeastern Europe, the li. 
scalaris. The genus agrees with Pityophis and Spilotes in its entire anal 
scutum ; hut differs from the former in having but two postfrontal scuta, 
and from the latter in its prominent rostral plate. 
The Chihuahua specimen of this rare species differs somewhat from the 
type. It possesses twenty-seven rows of scales. The sides are of the 
darker tint of tlie dorsal spots, from which it results that the light inter- 
spaces of the dorsal region are entirely enclosed. There is no distinct 
rOw of lateral spots. No. 14298. 
14. Pityophis sayi Sclil., subsp. mexicanus D. &B. Several specimens ; 
Nos. 14222-6(5-93-94. 
15. Coluber emoryi B. & G. Five specimens, two with twenty-nine, 
and three with twenty-seven rows of scales. Most of them have the 
normal number of labial plates, eight; but one has nine on one side, 
and one has abnormally, ten on both sides. Nos. 14223-53-62-84-99. 
16. Bascanium Hallow. One specimen ; No. 14272. 
17. Bascanium flagelliforme Catesby, subsp. testaceum Say. Three 
specimens ; Nos. 14224-79-83. 
18. multimaculata Cope. Atomarchus multimaculatus Cope, 
American Naturalist, 1883, p. 1300. 
The large numbers of this species taken by Mr. Wilkinson shows that 
Central Chihuahua is its headquarters. The specimens display a remark- 
able variability in coloration, and also prove that the azygos plate which 
exists between the prenasal plates of the typical specimen, is an ab- 
normality. In one of the Chihuahua specimens there is an azygos plate 
between the internasals, which is of shorter form than in the type ; while 285 
1885.] 
[Cope 
in another there is an azygos plate between the prefrontals. In ail of the 
others azygos plates are wanting. The ocular plates are normally 3-3, 
hut the lollowing variations occur. 2-3—2-3, one ; 2-3—3-3, one; 
2-2—3-3, one. The loreal is normally quite elongate ; in one specimen it 
is shortened. The color varies from uniform brown above, to spotted in 
two styles. In one of these there are seven rows of brown spots with 
paler or rufous centres ; in the other the brown borders of the spots have 
disappeared, and the rusty centres are represented by small rusty orange 
spots. The under surfaces are yellow, the gastrosteges with dark shading 
at the ends. In young specimens the head is more or less marked with 
obscure blackish marks. This species is distinguished by its long com- 
pressed muzzle. 
The teeth in this species are equal, so that the genus Atomarchus to 
which I referred it stands related to Eutmnia, as Regina does to Tropido- 
notus. 
19. Eut.*:nia megalops Kenn. Cope, Proceeds. Amer. Philosoph. Society, 
1884, p. 173. 
the most abundant snake of Chihuahua. The large number 
of specimens sent display very little variation, and agree with one from 
New Mexico, described by me as above. The lateral band generally occu- 
pies only the third row of scales, but sometimes borders the fourth. The 
dorsal band very frequently occupies but one row of scales, but occasionally 
covers the halves of the adjacent rows. Nos. 14226-27-58-59-60-67-77- 
85-89-92. 
20. cyktopsis Ivennicott. Cope, 1. c., 1884, p. 174. 
Only one specimen ; No. 14256. The number of urosteges is exactly 
intermediate between the figures representing the supposed species cyrtop- 
ris and collaris Jan. As there is no other difference it is probable that the 
latter name must become a synonym of the former. 
21 Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Cope. One specimen ; No. 14287. 
22. Trimorpiiodon vilkinsonii, sp. nov. 
Scales in twenty-three rows. Superior labials nine, of which the fourth 
and fifth enter the orbit, and of which all are higher than long excepting the 
fifth and the eighth. Loreals two ; oculars 3-3 ; temporals 3-3-3. Ros- 
tral not prominent, but the apex is recurved on the summit of the snout. 
Frontal plate rectangular, the lateral and anterior sides equal. Parietals 
narrowed posteriorly. Inferior labials eleven, the fifth in contact with 
pregeneials, and none in contact with postgeneials. Postgeneials much 
shorter than pregeneials. Gastrosteges 231 ; anal 1-1 ; urostoges 77. The 
body is compressed, and the head is very distinct. Total length, M. 
.272 ; of tail, .045 ; of head to rictus oris, .0092. 
General color gray ; the back is crossed by narrow black cross bands, at 
rather remote intervals. These bands are pale bordered, and narrow to 
an apex below, which is above the gastrosteges. They become narrower 286 
Cppe.] 
[Nov. 20, 
posteriorly, and on the tail form half-rings. On the extremity of every 
third or fourth gastrostege there is a small black spot, throughout the 
length to the tail. There is a larger black spot on the sides between the 
extremities of a few of the cross-bands. The superior border of the sixth, 
and the adjacent part of the fifth superior labial, is black. On the top of 
the head are three large round black spots ; one is on the centre of the 
frontal and one is on the anterior part of each parietal. No cross-bands 
on the muzzle. The dark cross-bands are only two scales wide on the 
posterior part of the body; on the anterior part they are three or four 
scales wide. The interspaces vary from twelve anteriorly to seven pos- 
teriorly. 
One specimen ; No. 14268. This species is nearest the T. biscutatus 
D. & B. in squamation, but differs greatly in coloration from this or 
any other species of the genus. 
I have given a brief synopsis of the species of this genus in the Pro- 
ceedings of the American Philosophical Society for 1869, pp. 151-2. In 
introducing two new species I give another synopsis, the more, as I have 
received a considerable addition to my material since that date. 
I. Scales in 21 rows ; superior labials nine. 
Head with brown chevrons above ; back with diamond shaped spots 
T. lambda Cope. 
Head with a lyre-shaped pattern above ; dorsal spots in pairs 
T. lyrophanes Cope. 
II. Scales in 23 rows ; superior labials seven. 
Top of head black with a white T shaped spot; dorsal spots entire trans- 
verse diamonds T. tau Cope. 
III. Scales in 23 (4) rows ; superior labials eight. 
Top of head brown, with a small brown Y-shaped mark ; dorsal spots 
transverse diamonds, more or less transversely divided by paler 
T. upsilon Cope. 
IY. Scales in 23 (4) rows ; superior labials nine. 
Top of head brown; dorsal spots numerous transverse more or less di- 
vided diamonds T. collans Cope. 
Top of head white, with three round black spots ; dorsal spot, few trans- 
verse undivided black rhombs, with pale edges ... 7'. vilkinsonii Cope. 
Y. Scales in 25 (7) rows ; superior labials nine. Top of head with chevron 
bands ; dorsal spots formed of four confluent spots and enclosing a 
pale centre T. biscutatus Cope. 
Of the preceding species I have before me one each of the T. lambda ; 
tau ; collaris and vilkinsonii. Of the T. lyrophanes there are six speci- 
mens ; of the T. upsilon six, and of the T. biscutatus four. 
I append a description of the new species T. lambda. The muzzle is 
rather elongate, as in the T. biscutatus. There are three loreals, and the 
oculars are 3-3 ; the temporals are 3-4-3-4. The fourth and fifth labials 
enter the orbit, and the sixth, seventh and eight are higher than long. 
Pregeneials longer than postgeneials. Internasals small, wider than long; 287 
18£f). 
[Cope. 
parietals rather short. Gastrosteges 234, anal 1-1 urosteges 83 Color, 
above light gray crossed by brown transverse diamond-shaped spots, each 
with a pale transverse centre. Three or four of the most anterior spots 
are subhexagonal, being truncate at each side. All are surrounded by a 
pale shade. Each end of every second or third gastrostege is marked with 
a small dark brown spot, which extends upwards on the first row of scales, 
and sometimes is confluent witli the latral apex of the dorsal spot. Total 
length, .304 ; of tail, .054. From Guaymas, Sonora, presented to the 
National Museum by Mr. H. F. Emerich. No. 13487. 
23 CROTALU8 ADAMANTEUS ATROX B. & G. 
One specimen ; No. 14280. 
24. Crotalus adamanteus scutulatus Kenn. 
Five specimens ; Nos. 14225-73-78. The tendency to the development 
of scuta on the head, especially on the parietal region, is greater than in any 
specimens I have seen from other localities. 
General Remarks. 
The preceding investigation shows that the reptile fauna of the plain of 
Chihuahua is that of the adjacent regions of Arizona, New Mexico and 
Texas, with the accession of a very few forms which are more distinctively 
Mexican. Only two species come under this designation, viz: Via biear- 
inala and Sceloporus grammicus. The Eutamia cyrtopsis has also an exten- 
sive Mexican distribution.