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American Jo
Dental Science—Extrar
CONTAINING
>f e^fUs*
AN   ESSAY
ON THE
SUREST METHODS  OF DEGRADING
THE
profession of  JDmtctl  0urgera.
 Read before the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF DENTAL SURGEONS, at
its Annual Meeting in Boston, July 21st, 1842, and ordered to be published in
the American Journal and Library of Dental Science—and also in pamphlet
form as an Appendix to that work.
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By SOI<YMAN BROWN, M. D.; D. D. S.




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         NEW-YORK:
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■-'J. W OLIVER, PRINTER, CORNER ANN AND NASSAU STS.
1842.
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I
 
                        ESSAY
                               OX THE
Most direct  methods by which  a DentaJ, Practitioner may  suc-
     ceed, without  a possibility of  a^failure,  in   degra-
            ding  both  himself  anjKhis profession.

                      By SOLYMAN BROWN, M. D,
  At our last Annual Meeting, it was my privilege to present to the soci-
ety, a few desultory considerations relating to the "pursuit of professional
eminence."
  On the present occasion, availing myself gratefully of the courtesy and
kindness of the brethren here convened, I propose to occupy a few moments
in treating of the most direct methods by which a dental practitioner may
succeed, without a possibility of failure, in degrading both himself and his
profession.
  I do not allow myself to fear that any honorable member of this society,'
or of the profession  at  large; will believe me capable of  the ungenerous
suspicion, that he himself has the slightest desire to study any of the pre^
cepts, or pursue any of the paths of professional degradation.
  The son of Anchises  needed a chart indicating the site of Scylla and Cha-
rybdis, not because he wished to wreck his vessel on that hidden rock, or to
engulph it in this dangerous  whirlpool; but  because he  desired to avoid
both, and transport in safety his household gods to the  " Lavirrian Shores."
  It is a lamentable rather than a necessary truth, that  any calling connected
with the wants and conveniences of human  society, should be  either irk-
some or humiliating.  Fields might be cultivated ; oceans navigated ; habi-
tations erected ; food and raiment provided for man ; and  all the sciences
and arts that preserve, prolong and  embellish life, exercised to any desira-
ble extent, without inconvenience and without disgrace, if  there were not,
in human nature, together with the ability of thinking, feeling and acting
right, an equal ability of thinking, feeling and acting  wrong; and if, more-
over, some individuals did not make the permanent choice of exercising
this delegated power in the wrong direction.
  Inasmuch then, as there are some in pur profession, as well as  in every
other human avocation, who tread the downward path and  humble in their
descent both themselves and  their calling, it may be  neither uninteresting
nor unprofitable, to trace the steps of their progress,  if for no other reason,
than that we may learn  to avoid them.
  In  the. first place then, Let him who would thoroughly  debase our  art,
and trample the science of Dental Surgery  successfully under foot, take
special care to assume the duties of the profession, without any previous
qualifications, either from  general  education,  particular preparation,  or
predisposing instinct.
  On the score of general science, he should  avail  himself of the easy
precaution, to be profoundly ignorant of the distinction between a mixture 
2
 and a solution, an amalgam and an  alloy, a  line and a  superficies.  He
 should by no means fatigue himself wth the useless iuquiry, whether the me-
 tals are oxidizable, fusible or malleable, or whether the  human bones are
 silicious, argillaceous or calcarious :  much less should he know that ani-
 mal muscle is susceptible of inflammatory action, and that animal nerve is
 the seat of acute sensibility.   All such knowledge would be much too high
 for the ?ero of his ambition.
   With general literature he should be not  less unacquainted.  It would
 be but a burden to his memory to recollect the unimportant circumstance
 whether Milton wrote the iEneid, the Odyssey, or Paradise Lost; or whe-
 ther Hannibal was a Greek, a Roman, or a Carthagenian.
   Of the particular science to which  he allies his name, and of the history
 and literature of Dentistry, he  should know still less.
   Of what use is it to him to inform himself whether the maxillary antrum
 be in the upper or the lower jaw; whether stiptics  or stimulants  should
 be exhibited in excessive hemorrhage ;  or  whether a poultice or a leech
 will best reduce an inflammation 1
   To the full success of his descending career, there are other kinds of
 acquisition vastly more important.
   How perfectly a matter of supererogation to such an one, to inform him-
 self whether Hunter or Handel, Fox or Fontenelle, Bell or Bacon, Koeck-
 er  or Confucius, has written  most  extensively on  the  teeth ! And in
 fact, on the score of literary or scientific acquirement, there are many in
 our profession in all civilized countries, who seem to have  inherited from
 nature a superintending instinct, which has led them to  secure their ob-
ject by discontinuing their education at that peculiar point of time, just
 before they began to learn to read and write, and cast accounts.
   Of what an enormous economy of time, labor and lamp-light, have such
 men to  boast!  Instead of rashly  arousing themselves in the morning
 from refreshing  slumbers, before the peep  of dawn, and earlier than the
 matin of the lark, at the execrable sound  of a college bell, these men have
 allowed their physical natures to repose and expand in the genial radiance
 of the rising sun, as the " king of day "  looks through their lattice upon
 their protracted slumbers.   And their intellectual natures, too, have been
 indulged in a similar repose, lest the mind should outstrip the body, and
 thus become its own destroyer,  through a culpable precocity of expansion !
 No long and weary days have been worse than wasted over musty volumes,
 either modern or antique;—nor have these men confounded their mother
 tongue with the jargon of the Humanities.  How much precious time have
 they snatched from oblivion by leaving the history and the literature  of by-
 gone days  to the curious antiquarian 1  Thus  how much accumulated
 strength  have they carefully reserved for future effort, by having wasted
nothing on the past!
   We would not be understood to recommend the self-denying parsimoni-
 ousness of the miser, in regard to these untouched stores of intellectual
wealth ;  but there is really something so conservative of the latent energies
of the soul, in spending one's childhood and youth in the elegant and healthy
 amusements of pitching quoits and coppers, fishing and hunting for the mere
sport of destroying harmless animals, cock-fighting and gambling, smoking
and drinking, together with other kindred occupations .if the modern cox-
 comb, that we shall be in no danger of commending too highly that economy
of brain which constitutes 60 prominent a feature in the early education of 
3
many of those individuals, in whose  professional fraternity, every honora-
ble dentist of the present age, finds himself associated in the public mind.
   In the second place :—He  who has thus made an easy somerset from the
idleness of an ill spent youth, to the exercise of  the Dental  Profession,
should  consecrate the  first fruits of his ignorance  to the induction of
others no less stupid than himself, into the mysteries of his new calling.
   He can find no difficulty in obtaining students, inasmuch as he can safely
assure them  that it will require but a very inconsiderable period of time
to impart all his knowledge to the discerning intellects of his pupils.
   Such men, both the teacher and the taught,  are not ignorant of the im-
portant fact that time is money; and, with them money is more than edu-
cation.  Hence the solution of the dark enigma concealed  in the well
known circumstance, that, as a general rule, those  members of our profes-
sion who have the fewest qualifications to  teach, have the most pupils.
For the credit due to this discovery, I trust to  the justice of posterity.  I
am aware that the proverbial jealousy of  contemporaries, will bestow few
encomiums on my particular perspicacity  in this behalf.
   I have said, this class of instructors can find no difficulty in obtaining
students.  They have  only to make  their terms cheap, and the period of
inculcation short, and there are not wanting scores of loungers, who, hear-
ing of a few successful practitioners in our art, are ready to make the easy
experiment.  As such  persons are not addicted  to the  vulgarity of cash
paymeuts, they promise their instructors a barrel  of molasses or a bag of
peanuts whenever they make a professional visit to the Indies.   And when
the period of instruction is considered in connexion with its quality, such
a compensation seems not to bear a  great disproportion to the talents and
labors of the instructor.  As " time is  moneij," too much of this  precious
commodity should not be wasted on the education of such Dental Students ;
 and we find that these teachers understand this secret of their trade.  Two
weeks, three weeks, or a month, is considered by them an  ample  period
for the transmutation of Dunces into Dentists ; and  they thus rapidly re-
 cruit that army of scientific Hessians whose march is to be equally propi-
 tious to friends and foes.
   To this branch of " the art of sinking " in the practice of Dental  Surgery,
 too much importance cannot easily be attached; and if it were not for the
 fear of  being suspected of an attempt  to arrogate unmerited glory to the
 age in which we live,  I should be almost tempted  to  say that  some of the
 members of our profession have carried this  department of  the  art well
 nigh to its utmost attainable perfection.
   It is no very uncommon circumstance, in this land and age  of improve-
 ments, that a single manufactory of dental blockheads, should send abroad
from eight to twelve per annum of these patent practitioners, to prey upon
 the credulity, the purses, and the grinders of those lovers of novelty and
 quackery with whom society abounds.  All  these,  in addition  to their
 equally meritorious confreres whom  a widely extended commerce annually
brings  to our  shores, constitute literally an  army well appointed to the
 work of a wide spread professional degradation.
   Let every individual, therefore, who has  at heart the thorough disgrace
of himself and his calling, and  who finds himself utterly unqualified for the
task of instructing, see to it that he multiply the profesional effigies of him-
self as extensively as possible, in order  that his own ignorance and disgrace
may be confounded with that of his companions. 
4
   Again—In the third place:—Every Dental practitioner who makes the
humiliation of  his calling a darling  object of pursuit, should take care to
perform all his operations in so careless a manner as to render them of so
little value to his patients that they will ever after pronounce the services
of the  Dentist to be worse than useless.
   On this part  of my subject, I flatter myself that I  shall find no difficulty
in securing the practical concurrence of all that  portion of the profession
for whom these instructions are  designed.   The performance of useless,
and even deleterious operations on the human teeth, is so economical both
of time and genius, that  I urge this precept with peculiar satisfaction.
The instructors of mankind are always flattered on finding teachable disci-
ples ; and  in this behalf there is little reason to apprehend that I shall be
disappointed in my expectation of proselyting many, not only in theory, but
lo practical effect.
   If it has been often declared, by the members of the faculty themselves,
that the general practice of medicine—that branch of  the healing art so
universal in society—has probably done more  harm than good, including
all its  quackeries, patent pills,  infinitessimal doses,  and experimenting
abuses, how emphatically true, when predicated of  the general charlatan-
ism of dental practice, unguarded as it is by statutory enactments, and un-
protected by even the common discretion of mankind.
   Here, then, is a field for the unobstructed  enterprize of every low born
son of pseudo-genius.
   There is indeed in this confederated republic one shining exception to
the legislative neglect which has left the practice of dentistry wholly ex-
posed to the depredations of imposture.  The State of Alabama has passed
an Act prohibiting the exercise of the dental art in her territory hereafter,
excepting by such individuals as shall be duly qualified agreeably with the
provisions  of that statute.   This is an example worthy  of all praise, and
expresses an acknowledgment that the good  people  of that State have so
far cut their wisdom teeth as to discover that they have no further need of
the proffered services of ignorant quacks, and itinerating mountebanks.
   Still the fraternity of impostors has little reason to despair.  Twenty-five
populous States of the American union throw wide their doors to impudence
and enterprise, and thus tacitly encourage the incursions and the pillage
of these Goths and  Vandals.
   Could I  be  persuaded that any advantage would result from entering
into particulars on this head, the scope of instruction is ample;  and  the
rules of the art of sinking, multiplied and various.
   I might say, in filling teeth let the operator use any and every thing but
gold.  This being the  only substance which experience has shown to be
generally  suitable for this purpose, should  be left  to respectable practi-
tioners, who vainly pride themselves on being a little superior to the great
mass, the ignobile vulgus of their profession; and therefore should use a
royal and aristocratical materia] utterly odious  to republican simplicity.
   Lithodium, royal mineral succedaneum, metallic paste, mercurial amal-
gams, anything but gold, will fully answer  the purpose of disappointing
the expectations of the patient and disgracing the profession; and if, in any
case, gold should be employed to satisfy the stubborn prejudices of a diffi-
cult patient, let the manner of introducing this precious metal, secure the
same result. It is important to be  known  that  the purest gold is little
better  than any  other  material for stopping carious  teeth, unless it bp 
5
properly introduced to the permanent exclusion of every other substance,
solid, fluid, or aeriform.
  In cleaning beautiful sets of teeth, let the student, as well as the veteran
professor in this art, employ some one of the undiluted mineral acids which
will not merely facilitate  his labours,  but secure the necessity of future
dental operations in the way of artificial substitutes.   I have seen an entire
set of teeth in the mouth of a most estimable lady in one of the Southern
States, reduced to the condition of the carbonized  stumps left by the fire
of the forest pioneer, occasioned by the use of sulphuric acid, applied at
first by a dentist when engaged in scaling and cleaning the teeth, and re-
commended  by him to be used frequently afterwards.    To dentists like
him,  the lessons which  I am now inculcating will be wholly useless.
   Again ; In the extraction  of teeth—an operation in which mercy and
kindness are especially required, the venerable turnkey, the formidable
pelican, or the mallet and punch, should be preferred  in all cases to for-
ceps, screws and elevators, and those improved instruments used  by skil-
ful and reputable dentists of the present day.
   It is particularly important to the class of practitioners for whom these
instructions are intended, that the extraction of teeth should  be accompa-
nied  with such intense anguish, and attended with such an array of horrors,
that every patient may be fully convinced of  having the worth of his mo-
ney.   It must be provoking to a man of sense and feeling to pay fifty cents
or a dollar for an operation which inflicts scarcely sufficient pain to distort
 a muscle.   But when the patient is seated on the  floor of the  operating-
room, in order to facilitate perpendicular extraction, or drawn three or four
 times round the room to give circulation  to his corporeal fluids, and then
 taken into the open air, and drawn all around out of doors, there seems to
be some propriety in paying a round fee.  In such cases the purse strings
 are untied and tied again in good earnest, and the parties separate with
 mutual satisfaction.
   But I must proceed  to another topic of discourse, inasmuch as, in run-
 ning against time, I am likely to be  beaten in the  race ; and I therefore
 hasten to counsel all true proficients in the art of sinking to be always on
 the alert, to take every possible pecuniary advantage of that class of patients
 who would prefer to submit to imposition rather  than be exposed to a
 newspaper notoriety for resisting fraud.  Females are in an especial man-
 ner fit subjects of this  gentlemanly species of professional extortion: and
 more particularly that class  of females who, being  unprotected  orphans,
 brotherless and  friendless, are little prepared  to  resist oppression.  No
 matter for their tears :.how obvious it is to tell them that tears are but the
 easy and hypocritical artifices of women and children to obtain their objects.
 No matter if they have been compelled to labour for a year, in  the most
 abject drudgery ; in plying the needle  both night and day, without exercise
 or amusement;  or in the thankless task  of forcing an  education upon the
minds of idle and contumacious children, for a piece of service which the
dentist  can  execute in half a day, still he  should steel his heart to the
feelings of humanity, and exact the utmost farthing that avarice can demand.
   If the operator cannot succeed in obtaining such prices for his work, in
those cases where a previous bargain has been made, as shall exceed four-
fold the value of his services, he may at least avail  himself of those other
instances in which no terms have  been previously stipulated, and extort
heavy sums from the confiding and  unresisting.   In this he may draw his
lesson from  nature, in imitating the spider, which, although it may succeed 
6
in capturing a fly in  the meshes of its web, only at distant intervals, yet
can sustain  itself for a long period on the carcass of a single victim.
   Such a course  of  practice will  have the double effect of lining the
pockets of the operator, and forwarding at the same time the great business
of his life, that of degrading his profession, and affixing the title of land-
sharks, to all those individuals who are found professionally associated with
knaves and  mountebanks.
   Once more :—He should take care to render his room and his company
as disagreeable as possible, so  that  his fellow-citizens  will never visit his
apartments  except from necessity.
   He would counterwork the general tendency of his professional charac-
ter and practice, if he should make his rooms an agreeable resort to all his
neighbours and acquaintances, as  do some of the high-minded,  liberal, and
well-educated members of the profession.
   There are in all villages and  cities persons of both sexes whose habits of
domestic  retirement allow them  little intercourse with society, and who
find the drawing-room of an intelligent dental practitioner, an agreeable
resort for a leisure moment, either to meet a friend, exhibit the blight
faces  and gay attire of half a dozen laughing children;  or to inquire for
the news  of the day.
   There too the sociable young lady may meet her companions, and gossip
away  the irksomeness of an idle hour.
   Nor is it always impossible that the man of years and wisdom may find
some  individuals even in the desecrated ranks of dental surgery, in whose
occasional society  he  can find both pleasure and improvement.
   But against such intruders the doors of that class of practitioners for
whom these remarks are intended, should be for ever shut.  The latch at
their  threshold should be lifted by those only who come  with a trembling
hand  and an  aching heart; choosing reluctantly between the  dentist and
death.  Parents who should be  under the necessity  of dragging their
children to their apartments as the doomed ox is dragged to the slaughter-
house, snuffing the blood of his  companions.
   Should a  member of  his own profession deign to call upon a dentist of
the character in question, he  must see to it that be treat him  churlishly;
and though the visitor  be  from  some distant city, and call for the most
friendly purposes,  he should be answered in sullen monosyllables, and dis-
missed at last as though he  were a beggar at the door.
   In  order  to remove himself  as far as possible from the imputation of
being called a gentleman,  the  dentist whom  I am  laboring to instruct,
should always carry the shop with mm wherever he goes.   That is to say,
he must be a dentist, and nothing but a dentist in every circle in which he
may chance to move.  Whether  he  be in a stage-coach or a railroad car,
a 6teamboat or a drawing-room, no subject should engage his conversation
except the teeth.
   And he should not only take the shop with him, but a part of its contents ;
for he should always carry his pocket full of hawksbills and cotton wadding,
in order to try his skill upon dogs and donkeys  by the  way, to  attract the
notice of the public, and thus make himself notorious.  He should, more-
over,  be a skilful punster in  order to  be  incessantly playing upon words
which indicate his  professional office, to the end that he may either secure
a patient, or at least corroborate the authority of Johnson, who avers  with
perhaps less truth than sarcasm, that " he who would make a  pun would
pick a pocket." 
/
  Again:—He who would contribute largely to the efforts so constantly and
so successfully made to render  dentistry  contemptible as a profession,
should be  careful to propagate the sentiment far and wide, that no man
can be a good, a useful, and  a successful dentist, unless he has first ob-
tained a medical diploma from some college of physicians.
  If he  be shrewdly confronted  by some of the knowing ones,  the  evi-
dences of whose acquirements are to be found  rather in a cultivated mind
than in a sheet of parchment;  and if he be informed by  them that it is not
the Astley Coopers, the Benjamin Rushes, the Valentine Motts, the An-
thony  Carlisles of the  medical and surgical schools who  have  become
dental practitioners through the cogent argument of a lack of encourage-
ment and success in the other departments  of the  healing art; and that,
moreover,  it is utterly idle to attempt to attach a higher importance in the
public estimation to a sheepskin diploma than to positive science, practical
ingenuity,  and sterling operations  in dental  surgery ;  he should still insist
upon his position that no  man but an M.D. can be a good dentist.  And
let him  not be daunted when he is told,  that, although there are many
highminded men who, in preparing themselves diligently and scientifically
for-dental practice, have received  the degree of doctor of medicine, and
whose success will be commensurate with their ability; and whose ability
to be distinguished in their profession will be greatly  augmented by exten-
sive medical and surgical knowledge : yet that there  are many others who
imagine themselves the only magnates of the land,  merely because they
once studied medicine, failed  in the  attempt to practice, and as a despe-
rate resort,  betook  themselves to dentistry because  they have made the
discovery that they can  pull a tooth and raise a blister.*
 i  Once again:—Another available and successful  method of allying our
profession with quackery and  disgrace, is to oppose all dental associations
for mutual improvement and protection, and all dental magazines published
with the liberal design of communicating knowledge.
   Not only should  this opposition be accompanied with the avowal, that
it is  made from selfish motives,  bat  with  the further asseveration,  that
knowledge should be cautiously concealed, especially that practical profes-
sional knowledge which is eminently important to the public welfare.
   The art of sinking urges this precept with peculiar emphasis, whilst the
profession at large have convincing  proofs that the present epoch is abun-
dantly supplied with skilful professors of this art.   But  let the foremost in
the ranks of the  conservatives of the ancient regime, encourage themselves
and their  comrades to  avoid  chagrin when they are told that some con-
ceited individuals  flatter themselves with the belief that they can make
more capital by showing their  teeth at the dentists' society than by showing
their talents in it ; but that by so doing they pursue the true order of nature,
and make  a display of their canine sooner than  of their wisdom teeth.
   Finally, as a crowning perfection  in this downward career, let the dental

  * The author has been informed that some individuals who were present when this
Essay was read before the society, received the impression that it was the intention of the
writer to underrate the intrinsic value of a medical education in preparing students for the
dental profession.  But the author is confident that no such inference can be justly drawn
from the foregoing observations.   But to  remove all doubt, the author is most happy to
state that it is his unwavering opinion, that, all things else being equal, the superaddition
of medical knowledge, and especially of surgical studies and practice, are calculated to
give a very decided advantage to the dental practitioner who has acquired them ; provided
they neither  inflate his vanity, nor paralyze his efforts in pursuitof the appropriate know-
ledge of his profession as an operative dentist. 
8
practitioner who studies the precepts which  I  have given, to practical
effect, be particularly on the alert to speak in disparaging terms of every
operator but himself,  especially of  those who  reside in his  immediate
vicinity.
  Or if he have not yet brought his conscience to so low an ebb, let him
see to it that he  never say anything to the advantage of any of his brethren,
lest he thereby affect himself injuriously by acknowledging the merits of a
rival.  But especially should he be careful, when the eulogium of a brother
becomes inevitable, to speak of him in such measured and moderate terms
as to " damn him with faint praise."
  In doing those things with tact, consists  the principal accomplishment of
some who exercise our profession.   In fact many have already acquired so
much expertness on this subject, as to render these instructions almost  su-
perfluous.
  If it could be necessary to alledge a motive, in addition to that of exhi-
biting without disguise the true  character of  that notorious individuality
contemplated in these remarks, I have a motive to urge, involving the very
existence  of that class  of dental practitioners for whose sole benefit and
instruction  the foregoing  directions have been  given.   It  is this;  those
individuals  of the present age, who, following in the footsteps of prede-
cessors Worthy of such a progeny, have labored to entail Upon  the pro-
fession of dental surgery,  the character of arrant quackery and  imposture,
must now either arouse themselves to a sense of their duty  and their dan-
ger, and, by their united effort, bring down the character of the profession
to their own level, or be left to exclaim with the Moor of Venice," Othello's
occupation's gone j" for there is an enemy abroad bent  on the annhilation
of their Craft.
   It is not they  who discourage  social efforts to elevate the profession of
dental surgery ; nor they  who are  aggrieved when the knowledge of our
art and the  principles of our science, are disseminated far and wide for  the
benefit of mankind;  nor yet they who, vain of a temporary  success which
accident has thrown in the way  of ill desert,  contract themselves like  the
snail, beneath the shelter of a ridiculous self-sufficiency, and  leave the inte-
rests of a  noble  science to the caprices of chance.  Spirits of nobler mould
have entered with dauntless resolution into the mighty competition, resolved
either to elevate the profession above the disgusting vulgarity of ignorance
and quackery, or perish in the attempt.
   The history of the world has afforded numerous examples of the moral
power of a few united  individuals with clear heads and  brave  hearts.  A
mere handful of such men have  been known  to overthrow empires, demo-
lish the palaces  of kings, and reorganize the governments of the world.
   Rouse yourselves, therefore, ye conservatives of the "ancient regime"
and come manfully to the encounter.  Ye have the encouragement of past
experience to prove, that of all  the arts which are cultivated by man,  the
art of sinking is the most  certain of success.
   The  cherished bard  of the Caesars has said  for  your encouragement,
" Easy is the descent to  hell, but to retrace the steps which conduct us
thither, this is the work of immortal virtue."
   What difficulties, have  they, therefore, to encounter, who would over-
throw your empire !   The labors  of Hercules were nothing to  theirs !   If
the giant  of Greece was called upon to cleanse the stables of Augea,—the
enemies of your craft can never effect their purpose, until they shall have'
purified, not merely the stables, but the very dog-kennels of the world ! 
 
^*T
   JOHN  D. CHEVALIER DE  CHAMPTAURE,

       Manufacturer  of Dentists'  Instruments,

  Of all descriptions, at the shortest notice and on liberal terms,
for cash, at 29 Gold-street, store in Broadway, one door south of
John-street,  New-York.
                 JAMES ALCOCK,

     Manufacturer of Mineral Teeth of all kinds,

  For the American, English, and French markets, No. 5 Mur-
ray-street, New-York.
  References in New- York.—The Messrs. E. & J. Parmly; S. &
A. W. Brown; C. S. Rowell; and the Dentists generally.
                 L.  S.  PARMLY'S

           Argillacious  Tooth Polishers,

  Constantly on hand to supply the profession, at the rate of
$12 50 per hundred.  Address  the subscriber at No. 13 Park
Place, New-York.
                                SOLYMAN BROWN.
  05s* Members of the profession who are desirous of obtaining
the DENTAL  RECORDER,  either  bound or in sheets;
CARD CATALOGUES of the  American Society of Dental
Surgeons; or copies of the first, second, or third volumes of the
AMERICAN  JOURNAL  AND  LIBRARY OF DENTAL
SCIENCE—will please address the Recording Secretary of the
Society, at No. 13 Park Place, enclosing cash remittances.

                                SOLYMAN BROWN.
mm  mm of medicine
«■