A LECTURE o ON HOMCEOPATHY, by WM. L. BREYFOGLE, M. I). “ Head not to contradict and refute, itor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.” Loud Bacon. LOUISVILLE, KV: SIIKKRILL. WILSON A- CO., 1 ’ I! I N T i.! J S, •»!■> W KST MAIN STUKKT. 187:5. A LECTURE ON H O M CEO PATH Y. BY WM. L. BREYFOGLE, M. D. “ Bead not to contradict and refute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.” Lord Bacon. LOUISVILLE, KY: SHERRILL, WILSON & CO., PRINTERS, 20-J WEST MAIN STREET. 187-5. I NT RO DUCT ION. “True philosophers, who are only eager for truth and knowledge, never regard themselves as already so thoroughly informed but that they wel- come further information from whomsoever and whencesoever it may come; nor are they so narrow-minded as to imagine any of the arts or sciences, transmitted to us by the ancients, in such a state of forwardness or completeness, that nothing is left for the ingenuity and industry of others.” William Harvey. Among the many important “topics of the day,” none, hav- ing reference to this life only, can possess higher claims to calm inquiry and earnest attention than the various resources which are available to mankind, when suffering from bodily disease—a trial which few, if any, at all times escape. In the present age of discovery and invention it would be remarkable if, while all around are sailing onward, the physi- cian alone was becalmed; while every branch of art and science is progressively and rapidly improving, the resources of medicine remained stationary. But this has not happened, the onward wave has reached the healer’s barque, and he also is afloat upon the mighty waters of natural science. There are indeed many who would stoutly stand upon the “old paths,” but in this case we have no inspired prophets and apostles, as happily we have in an affair of higher moment, upon whom to rest as upon a firm foundation. The opinions of mere men, however venerable by age, are but a sandy base. The people of the present age are not given to echo the sen- timents of a master. Nature’s laws and nature’s facts alone 4 INTRODUCTION. are able to stand the rigid scrutiny to which the sentiments of men, in physical science, are now so unreservedly exposed. Some men's minds, under such an apparently unsettled and disorderly state of things, become sceptical and faith-less. This arises from indolence; they will not give themselves the necessary trouble to investigate, and thus they throw truth and falsehood overboard together, and vainly try to rest upon a negative. But to the more active and industrious mind the same con- dition is stimulative to exertion. Truth is sought after with earnestness, and when found, is embraced with satisfaction and delight. Among the medical inquiries of the day, Homoeopathy in the judgment of many, is the most important which has yet appeared, while in the opinion of many more it is “the biggest humbug that ever was.” It is proposed to consider, in a few words, what Homoe- opathy is, and what it is not. It has been well said, “there are truths which some men despise, because they will not examine them, and which they will not examine because they despise them.” Homoeopathy is one of these. Men of large scien- tific attainments, and indefatigable in adding to their store of knowledge, think it foolish because they are ignorant of its truth, and this notion of its folly hinders them from becoming acquainted with the evidences in its favor. Nevertheless, Homoeopathy embraces scientific and practical truth of so much value, that were it known, it would interest alike the man of science and the man of practical utility. This truth, known only as men know other truths, imperfectly, may be mixed up with numerous errors, but it is wiser to en- deavor to separate what is true from what is false than to re- ject both. The jealousy of power may indeed attempt to crush the influence of new truth. A Galileo may by force be constrained to read a reluctant recantation, but “the earth moves notwithstanding.” Such is the vitality of truth, that INTRODUCTION'. 5 when once discovered, it seems never afterward to die. If, therefore, Homoeopathy he true, we may confidently expect that it will survive the opposition to which it is exposed. If it be false, let us have proof. It is not to be condemned as some people would condemn a suspected felon, without judge, jury or witness. We are censured by our medical brethen of the old school for bringing professional discussions before the tribunal of the public, because, it is said, the .public are incompetent judges of such matters. Some of our own party are disposed to join in this censure, and we are all ready to admit that, in the present condition of medicine, an appeal to the public is in it- self an evil. But it must be observed that this evil did not originate with the Homoeopath. Hahneman did not take this step; he published his first essay in Hufeland s Journal, a periodical strictly professional, and of the highest character and standing in the profession. The step was taken by the physicians of the old school, and at the very commencement of the discussion; for instead of meeting Hahneman on their common ground, with arguments and facts wherewith to refute his opinions, they appealed to the public authorities, and by the aid of this unprofessional force, drove him from city to city and from village to village... • And, moreover, this appeal to the public by the Allopathic portion of the profession has been continued to the present hour, and is still continued. What are the resolutions so frequently passed at public meet- ings of medical men, and published in the newspapers, de- claring that they will not recognize and cannot hold com- munion with 1 lomoeopathic practitipners, whom they stigmatize as quacks, knaves, and fools, but an appeal to the public to aid them in their endeavors to suppress the unwelcome novelty! Ridicule has been called the test of truth. If this be so. Homoeopathy must be true, for it has now stood exposure to every kind of banter and jest, whether witty or sarcastic, for more than half a century, and Homoeopathy not only exists— 6 INTRODUCTION. it advances on every side, and through every grade of society. Ridicule, however, when boldly looked at as an argument against the statement of Jacts, is a mean “scare-crow.” That it should be brought to bear upon a subject so sacred as the sufferings of the human family, and the means of relieving them, is a great reflection upon the characters of those who thus venture to use it. They cannot be surprised if such conduct reminds others of the proverb, “as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool.” LECTURE ON HOMOEOPATHY. To Samuel Hahneman, of Leipsic, a physician of high standing in the “regular" school, is due the credit of having fully discovered and developed the law of cure, Sim ilia, Sim- ilihus Curantur ; and to him, was then accorded the “honors' which scientific men of all professions receive, as reward for their arduous researches. He was considered by the leading members of the old school, to be the most accomplished and scientific physician of his age, and it was only when the fol- lowers of his doctrine increased in such alarming proportions that they—the self-styled regulars—finding that their own pet theories were in danger, united in one common effort to over- throw it. The principle governing Homoeopathy is, that SIMILARS CURE SIMILARS ; or, in other words, a drug which producea a certain aeriea of symptoms when taken in health, will cure similar agmptoma when produced by disease. As an illustration, it is well known to medical men, that mercury produces affections of the throat, bones, and skin, so like the diseases of those parts arising from other causes, that they often find it impossible to distinguish the one from 8 LECTURE ON HOMOEOPATHY. the other, or to decide to which to attribute the symptoms. Let us consider two patients standing side by side, with ul- cerated throats, swellings on the bones, and eruptions on the skin, in the one caused by mercury, in the other not, and the most experienced surgeon shall be puzzled to say which is the mercurial case and which is not. Mercury given to these eases would aggravate the one whose symptoms were owing to mercury, while it would almost cer- tainly cure the other. That the law of the similars is the law of nature, no intel- ligent person can dispute; and the oldest writers mention the similarity between the effects of the drug used, and the dis- eases which they cured. Among writings attributed to Hippocrates are found the fol- lowing remarkable Avords: “By similar things disease is pro- duced, and by similar things, administered to the sick, they are healed of their diseases. Thus the same thing Avliich will produce a strangury, when it does not exist, will remove it when it does.” The learned Dr. Francis Adams, in his translation of the works of Hippocrates, published in 184‘J, by the Sydenham Society, thus comments upon this passage: “The treatment of suicidal mania appears singular—‘give the patient a draught made from the root of mandrake, in a smaller dose than will induce mania.’ * * * He then insists, in strong terms, that under certain circumstances, purgatives will bind the bowels, and astringents loosen them. And he further remarks that, although the general rule of treatment be ‘con- traria contrariis curantur, the opposite rule also holds good in some cases, namely: ‘Similia similibus curantur.’ ” LECTl'RK ON HOMEOPATHY. 9 In confirmation of the Homoeopathic law, lie further re- marks “that the same substance which occasions strangury, will also sometimes cure it, and so also with cough.” And he further acutely remarks “that warm water, which when drunk, generally excites vomiting, will also sometimes put a stop to it by removing its cause.” Hahneman observes that “later physicians have also felt and expressed the truth of the homoeopathic method of cure, as for instance, Boulduc Bertholon, Thourv, Yon Storck, and especially Stahl; and all these during the eighteenth century. * * A But their observations were slightly made, and produced no permanent impression, either on their own minds or on those of others.” We are then indebted to Hahneman for the full discovery and development of the law, and for forcing it with sufficient perseverance upon the attention of the world. The physician who has investigated and embraced this principle feels conscious that his mind is cleared of useless and endless speculations, and filled with a truth applicable every moment and of the highest practical value. That the physician remaining in the old school is bewildered with opposing theories, and oppressed with an accumulation of heterogeneous and unarranged materials, is known and ac- knowledged: that the Homoeopathic physician is freed from these burdens is obvious; that this is a great advantage must he above suspicion. The theoretical method has always been extensively prac- ticed. Diseases were, in the days of Hippocrates, cold, moist or dry. Remedies, of course, the same—a hot remedy to a cold disease, a moist to a dry, and vice versa. Hence the favorite maxim of Galen, “diseases are to be treated hv contraries.” 10 LECTURE ON HOAKEOPOTHY. v( Later we had excessive and diminished irritability to be treated respectively with calmers and stimulants. (Brown.) Spasms of the extreme vessels, to be cured by the so-called anti-spas- modic. ( Cullen.) All diseases-attributed to local inflammation —the universal remedy, local depletion. (Broussais.) Such, and numberless other hypotheses have been imagined by in- genious men in their closets; have been eloquently propound- ed in their lecture rooms; have been greedily embraced by numerous classes of admiring followers; and have each in succession been supplanted by the next invention and sunk into contempt and oblivion. Sensible of the futility and uselessness of hypotheses at the bedside of their patients, some have sought to be guided by experience only; though, in spite of this conviction and in- tention, they have continued to speculate upon the nature and causes of disease. These constitute the eminent physicians and surgeons of the present day. They reject all idea of a genera l principle for their guidance in the administration of remedies —they even deny its possibility. Now, the Homoeopathic pTiysician claims, that Homoeopathy is a general fact—a principle—a law of nature. He first discovers flic true properties of drugs by experiments on the healthy organism, and the symptoms thus produced, are the true guides to the administration of the remedy. These symptoms, or provings, when verified by experience, are arranged under their respective heads, and thus constitute the-“Materia Medica.” Medicine in the general, is poison to the healthy frame of man, and a remedy to that frame when sick ; this is admitted by all, and this is Homoeopathy in the general; why then not have Homoeopathy in detail? Why not first ascertain what LECTURE ON HOMCEOPOTIIY. 11 symptoms each poison produces, when taken in health ? and why not give it as a remedy for similar symptoms in natural diseases? Medical men have been experimenting in the treatment of disease for centuries, why not try this experiment? Our opponents admit, in general, what they ridicule and op- pose when carried out in particulars. Allow me to say here, however, that Homoeopathy relates only to the administration of remedies, and detracts nothingfrom the value of the collateral branches of the science of medicine. It leaves Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Ac., unaffected. 'flic Homoeopathic physician ought to be accomplished in these, and other departments of knowledge, as his fellow practitioner of the old school; and he is more likely than the other to turn all such knowledge to the beneficial account of his patient. L)r. Oliver Wendell Holmes, in an address on the Currents and Counter-currents in Medical Science, delivered before the Massachusetts Medical Society, refers to the past condition of the Medical profession—the abuses it has clung to, and the absurdities it has fostered ; and, considering the injury it has done in the past, and the little good it accomplishes in the present, he said, “Throw out opium * * * throw out a few specifics, which our art did not discover, * * * throw out wine, which is a food, and the vapors which produce the miracle of anaesthesia, and I firmly believe that the whole materia mediea as nont used (the italics are his) could be sunk to the bottom of the sea, it would be all the better for man- kind; and all the worse for the fishes.” Dr. Benj amin Rush, of Philadelphia, a distinguished phy- sician, said: “upon these points, and bearing in mind that we have now in medicine the recorded practice of more than two 12 LECTURE OX HOMEOPATHY. thousand years, let the reader refer to the proceedings of the medical profession during the prevalence of the so called “Asiatic Cholera,” and he will find their history everywhere exhibiting an extraordinary picture of prefatory panic, vulgar wonder, doubt, ignorance, obtrusive vanity, plans of profit and popularity, fatal blunders, distracting con- tradictions, and egregious empiricisms. ALL SUCCESS IN MEDICAL TREATMENT IS COMPARATIVE. In London about fifteen hundred persons die every week ; for the most part these have died under Allopathic treatment. Now, if any mode of medical relief can be devised which shall diminish, however slightly, this rate of mortality, it deserves to be substituted for the older methods. The amount of general sickness greatly exceeds the amount of mortality; whatever treatment diminishes, however little, the number of deaths, will diminish very much the quantity of sickness. We claim for Homoeopathy, that it is a mode of treatment, capable of being universally adopted, and should it be found on trial, only to equal in efficiency former methods, for the reason given under the last head, if for no other, it is much to be preferred. Should a trial prove it to possess superior efficacy, how greatly is that preference enhanced. These comparative results are easily obtained either by hospital reports, or in private practice. Having endeavored to show what Homoeopathy is, we now desire to show what it is not. FIRST. HOMCEOPATHY IS NOT A NOVELTY Th is is proven by referring to ancient writings on medical subjects, and the steady progress it has made in the last cen- tury. LECTURE ON HOM