REGULATIONS 
AN I) 
SYSTEM OF ETHICS 
0F THE 
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 
OF THE 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
MARCH, 1379. 
Washington, 1). C. : 
JUDD & DETWEILER, PRINTERS. 
1879. REGULATIONS 
AND 
SYSTEM OF ETHICS 
OF THE 
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 
% 
OF THE 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
MARCH, 1879. 
WASHINGTON: ' 
JUDD & DETWEILER, PRINTERS. 
1879. Wficew of the AHrtliral .ffwwdatiott. 
LOUIS MACKALL, M. I).,President. 
D. R. HAGNER, M. D.,Vice President. 
Z. T. SOWERS, M. D.,Secretary. 
G. L. MAGRUDER, M. D.,Treasurer. 
COUNSELLORS. 
J. O. STANTON, M. D. 
D. W. PRENTISS, M. D. 
J. W. BULKLEY, M. D. 
J. F. THOMPSON, M. D. 
W. G. PALMER, M. D. 
CENSORS. 
W. G. II. NEWMAN, M. D. 
WARWICK EVANS, M. D. 
W. H. TRIPLETT, M. D. 
EX-PRESIDENTS. 
FREDERICK MAY, M. D., elected January, 1833. 
ALEXANDER McWILLIAMS, M. D., elected February 8, 1847. 
WILLIAM JONES, M. D., elected May, 7, 1850. 
JOSHUA RILEY, M. D., elected May 13, 1858. 
NOBLE YOUNG, M. D., elected April 7, 1808. 
J. W. H. LOVEJOY, M. D., elected April 5, 1870. 
THOMAS MILLER, M. D., elected April 1, 1873. 
F. HOWARD, M. D., elected October 7, 1873. 
S. C. BUSEY, M. D., elected April 6, 1875. REGULATIONS. 
1. This Association shall be known as the Medical Asso- 
ciation of the-District of Columbia, and shall consist of 
practitioners of this District, who shall have become mem- 
bers or licentiates of the Medical Society of the District of 
Columbia. It shall hold stated meetings, on the first Tues- 
day in April and October, at eight o'clock p. m., at such 
place within the city of Washington as may be designated 
by the presiding officer, and on its own adjournment. At 
each meeting any number of members not less than ten 
shall constitute a quorum. 
2. All applications for membership shall be made in 
writing, addressed to the President, who shall refer the ap- 
plication to the Board of Censors, which shall inquire into 
the qualifications of the applicant and report upon the same 
to the Association. Upon report a ballot shall be taken, 
and on favorable vote of two-thirds of the members present 
he shall be admitted to membership on signing the regula- 
tions, in accordance with Article 26, within one month after 
such election. 
3. The officers of this Association shall consist of a Pres- 
ident, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, nine 
Counsellors and three Censors, who shall be elected by 
ballot by a majority of the members present at the stated 
meeting in April of each year. Any vacancy shall be filled 
at the meeting next succeeding its occurrence. 
The delegates to the American Medical Association, shall 
be elected at the stated meeting in April, or at an adjourned 
meeting held within ten days thereafter. The delegates 
elected shall signify to the Standing Committee, within ten 
days, their acceptance and determination to serve. In cases 
of declension or failure to accept the Standing Committee 
shall till the vacancy. Credentials shall be issued only to 4 
those who shall have expressed their determination to 
serve. 
4. The President shall preside at the meetings of the 
Association, and in his absence one of the Vice-Presidents. 
In the absence of these officers a temporary chairman shall 
be chosen from the members present. 
5. The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of 
the Association, and conduct all correspondence. He shall 
give notice (by order of the President) of both stated and 
special meetings of the Association, by advertising the same 
at least three times in one of the public newspapers. He 
shall notify persons elected, immediately on their election, 
calling their attention to the necessity of signing the regu- 
lations. He shall also send a printed copy of the regulations 
to every physician, upon his final settlement in the District. 
He shall have printed annually, about the 1st of May, a 
roster of the resident practitioners members of this Asso- 
ciation, together with their addresses for the use of the 
members. 
6. The Treasurer shall collect all assessments and disburse 
the same on the certificate of the member or members, 
expending the amount by authority of the Association ; and 
at the stated meetings he shall render to the Association an 
account of all the funds received, with the vouchers for his 
disbursements. 
7. The Counsellors shall constitute a Standing Committee 
to attend to and decide on all matters which regard the 
honor and interest of the Association, and especially all 
infringements of the regulations which may come to their 
knowledge, and shall require special meetings of the Asso- 
ciation to be called when they deem it necessary. The 
Standing Committee shall appoint its chairman and secre- 
tary from its own members and define the duties of the 
same. Seven members shall constitute a quorum for the 
transaction of any business. 
8. Investigation in cases of alleged violations of regula- 5 
tions shall proceed only upon written charges made by one 
or more members of the Association to the Committee, 
accompanied with the names of the party or parties cogni- 
zant of the alleged facts. The Committee shall then pro- 
ceed to investigate the accusation and to collect the testi- 
mony, both of the witnesses whose names may have been 
furnished, and such other testimony as may come to their 
knowledge. The Committee shall have authority to sum- 
mon and examine members, and in the event of the failure 
or refusal of any member to give evidence, they shall report 
such failure or refusal to the Association for such action as 
that body may deem proper. 
9. Should the Standing Committee by a vote of two-thirds 
find any member guilty of a violation of the rules of the Asso- 
ciation, they shall require the President to immediately call a 
special meeting of the Association, to which they shall report 
their decision, with the facts and the evidence adduced, all 
of which shall be read forthwith in open meeting, and should 
such decision be confirmed by a vote of two-thirds of 
the members present at an adjourned meeting, which shall 
be held within ten days, the member accused shall receive 
such punishment as may be determined by a vote of two- 
thirds of the members present. Minor complaints and 
differences between members may be adjusted by the com- 
mittee without reporting to the Association. In all cases, 
however, an appeal may be made from the decision of the 
committee to the Association. 
10. The Standing Committee shall assess the amount re- 
quired for the contingent expenses of the Association 
equally upon all the-members: Provided, the amount of 
such assessments shall in no one year exceed the sum of 
two dollars; and if any one shall refuse or neglect for the 
period of two years to pay his assessment, his connection 
with the Association shall thereupon cease, and the Secre- 
tary shall inform the members of the same by a circular 
note. 
11. The Standing Committee shall keep a full record of 6 
all their acts and proceedings, and submit the same to the 
Association, if required by one-third of the members of the 
Association present. 
12. Special meetings of the Association shall be called 
by the President, or in his absence, by a Vice-President, 
when required by the Standing Committee, or on written 
application of three members of the Association. Meetings 
of the Standing Committee shall be called at the discretion 
of its chairman, or on the written application of two of its 
members. 
13. It is expected that every member who becomes 
acquainted with any breach of the regulations of this Asso- 
ciation will make it known to the Standing Committee, 
which shall inquire into the same. 
14. The following fees shall be charged for professional 
services, subject, however, to the several rules which are 
appended: 
First visit or prescription $2 to $5 
Each subsequent visit 2 " 3 
First consultation visit 5 " 10 
Each subsequent consultation visit 3 " 5 
The attending physician is entitled for each meeting 3 " 5 
Visit at night, (night is understood to commence at 10 p. m. 
and end at 8 a. m.,) 5 " 10 
Advice at night at physician's house 3 " 5 
Visit out of the city, in addition to the fee for the visit, 
for every mile from the center of the city 2 
Detention in any case at patient's house 5 " 10 
Visiting at an hour specified by the patient, the usual consul- 
tation fee. 
All cases of small-pox, for each visit' 3 " 5 
Cases of midwifery, natural 15 " 30 
" " preternatural 30 " 200 
Extracting placentia alone 10 " 15 
(All obstetrical services Cash.) 
For every necessary subsequent visit in cases of midwifery 
after the fifth day, the usual fee for visits. 
Capital operations, as for example, amputating large limbs, 
lithotomy, trepanning, excision of large tumors, operation 
for strangulated hernia, for aneurism, extirpation of can- 
cerous breast, ligation of large arteries, &c 50 " 300 
Important operations on the eye 50 " 300 
Minor operations on the eye 5 " 20 
Extraction of foreign bodies from eye 5 " 15 
Operation for piles 25 " 200 
Tracheotomy 30 " 100 
Operation for sub-cutaneous tenotomy 20 " 100 7 
Operation for hare-lip$20 to $100 
Each subsequent dressing, at the usual rates for dressing 
wounds. 
Reduction of strangulated hernia 20 " 50 
Paracentesis abdominis1 15 " 50 
Operation for hydrocele. 15 " 30 
" " " radical cure 20 " 50 
Operation for fistula in ano 25 " 50 
Eaah subsequent dressing, at the usual rates for dressing 
wounds. 
Extirpation of polypus 10 " 30 
" " tumors of minor importance. 10 " 50 
" " tonsils, each 10 " 30 
Amputations of fingers or toes 20 " 30 
" through tarsal or metatarsal bones 25 " 50 
Reduction of dislocation 20 " 50 
Adjustment of fractures of long bones 15 " 30 
Subsequent attendance at the ordinary rates, and each renewal 
of bandages or apparatus 5 " 15 
Application of truss 5 " 15 
Passing catheter or bougie 5 " 15 
Use of speculum for vagina or rectum 5 " 15 
Introduction and adjustment of pessary 5 " 15 
Examination of eye by ophthalmoscope 5 " 15 
Special examination of chest by auscultation and percussion, 5 " 15 
Removing foreign bodies lodged in oesophagus 5 " 15 
Dressing recent wounds, &c., in addition to visit 3 " 10 
All subsequent dressing, in addition to visit 2 " 3 
Opening abscess 5 " 15 
Administering medicine by hypodermic injection 3 " 5 
Vaccination 3 
Re-vaccination 2 
Venesection 2 " 5 
Case of gonorrhoea, first examination and prescription, (Cash.) 5 " 10 
Each subsequent prescription, (Cash.) 2 " 5 
Case of syphilis, first examination and prescription, (Cash.)- 10 " 15 
Each subsequent prescription, (Cash.) 3 " 5 
For each assistant in surgical operations 3 " 15 
For examination as experts before the courts 10 " 50 
For post mortem examinations, when ordered 10 " 50 
All certificates of life insurance, insanity, &c 3 " 10 
Office instruction, $100 per annum ; $50 semi-annually in ad- 
vance. 
15. The foregoing table'contains the standard fees which 
shall be demanded; they shall be increased according to 
the judgment of the practitioner concerned, in all cases of 
extraordinary detention or attendance; also, in proportion 
to the importance of the cases, of the responsibility attached 
to it, and to the services rendered, when these are extraordi- 
nary. They shall be diminished at the discretion of the 
physician when he believes that the patient cannot afford to 
pay the regular fees, and yet is able to make some compen- 
sation. It shall be considered, however, as unprofessional 8 
to diminish the standard fees, except from motives of charity 
and benevolence. 
It is not designed by these regulations to prevent gratui- 
tous services to those who are incapable of making remu- 
neration without distressing themselves or families. 
16. When a physician engaged to attend a case of obstet- 
rics is absent and a second attends the patient, the latter 
may charge the full fee but shall relinquish the patient to 
the first; and in no case shall the second continue to attend, 
except to render indispensable service during the continued 
absence or disability of the first. 
In cases where a consulting physician is called in, both 
the attending and consulting physician shall charge at least 
the ordinary fee for delivery; but when the latter is not 
detained in attendance, he should only charge the usual fee 
for consultation. 
17. It is recommended to the members of this Association 
to present their accounts for professional services at the close 
of the attendance ; and it shall be the duty of each member 
to obtain a settlement from all his families at least once in 
three months, viz : the first of January, the first of April, 
the first of July, and the first of October. 
18. No member of this Association shall make a contract, 
expressed or implied, to attend an individual or family by 
the year, or on any other terms than those authorized by 
these regulations. 
19. No member of this Association shall consult with any 
resident practitioner of this District who is not a member 
thereof, after said practitioner shall have resided six months 
in said District. 
The privilege of consultation may be extended beyond 
that between members, to medical officers of the army and 
navy not members of this Association, provided such officers 
do not engage in general practice among civilians ; also to 
associate members, to women practitioners, and practition- 
ers of African descent who have received a license from the 9 
Medical Society of the District of Columbia, provided such 
practitioners act in conformity to the ethics of the Ameri- 
can Medical Association. 
20. While the privilege of selecting the consulting physi- 
cian is conceded to the patient or his immediate family, 
nevertheless, as the good of the patient is the sole object in 
view, it shall be allowable for the attending physician to 
express his preference. 
21. All resignations of members shall be made in writing 
to the President, by whom they shall immediately be laid 
before the Standing Committee, who shall either notify each 
member of the Association, or call a meeting of the Asso- 
ciation as they may think proper. 
22. Medical practitioners holding clerkships in the Gov- 
ernment offices, or engaged in any business not connected 
with the regular practice of medicine, shall not be eligible 
to membership in the Association, but may become associate 
members. 
The associate members shall be entitled to the benefits of 
consultation, but to no other privilege of the Association. 
Candidates for associate membership must be licentiates of 
the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, shall make 
application and be recommended and elected in the same 
manner as the members, and shall sign, within one month, 
the approval and pledge contained in the 26th article of the 
regulations, of which the Secretary shall keep a copy for 
their signature, separate from that for members, and they 
shall be subject to the same liabilities, except assessments, 
as the members. 
23. The Code of Ethics of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation is hereby adopted as the code of ethics of this Asso- 
ciation, and made a regulation binding upon its members. 
24. Members shall rank as to seniority, according to the 
order in which they have affixed their names to the rules 
and regulations, as provided in regulation 26. 
25. All propositions for repealing, altering or amending 10 
these regulations shall be made in writing at the stated 
meeting in April or October, and shall be acted on at an 
adjourned meeting, which shall not be held for that purpose 
sooner than one month from the time of offering such pro- 
position, and it shall then require the concurrence of two- 
thirds of the members present for its adoption. 
26. Every practitioner, at the time of becoming a mem- 
ber of this Association shall sign the following obligation, 
viz: 
" The undersigned do approve of the regulations and system of medical 
ethics adopted by the Medical Association of the District of Columbia, 
and do agree, on their honor, to comply with the same " 
1 Frederick May, M. D.* 
2 Alexander McWilliams, M. D.* 
3 George W. May, M. D.* 
4 William Jones, M. D.* 
5 Henry Hunt, M. D * 
6 Joseph Lovell, M. D.* 
7 N. P. Causin, M. D.* 
8 Richmond Johnson.* 
9 Thomas Sewall, M. D.* 
10 Thomas C. Scott, M. D* 
11 Thomas Henderson, M. D.* 
12 Harvey Lindsly, M. I). 
13 N. Y'oung, M. D. 
14 Frederick Dawes, M. D.* 
15 James C. Hall, M. D. 
16 Thomas Miller, M. D.* 
17 Joseph Borrows, M. D. 
18 A. McD. Davis, M. D.* 
19 W. N. Waters, M. D.f 
20 H. F. Condit, M. D. 
21 R. Briscoe, M. D.f 
22 Thomas J. Boyd, M. D.* 
23 Henry Haw, M. D.f 
24 William Baker, M. D * 
25 J. Waring, M. D.f 
26 B. J. Miller, M. D.* 
27 L. Osborne, M. D.* 
28 J. M. Thomas, M. D.* 
29 Robert T. Barry, M. D.* 
30 W. B. Magruder, M. D.* 
31 B. King, M. D.f 
32 George R. Clarke, M. D.* 
33 Albert Dorman, M. D.* 
34 Moreau Forrest, M D.f 
35 Charles McLean, M. D.* 
36 L. M. Weems, M. D* 
37 Baily Washington, M. D.* 
38 John A. Kearney, Surgeon.* 
39 Charles McCormick, M. D.f 
40 James Hagan, M. D.* 
41 J. M. Foltz, M. D * 
4'2 George B. McKnight, M. D.* 
43 Samuel Jackson, M. D.* 
44 Aug. J. Schwartze, M. D.* 
4-5 T. D. Jones.f|| 
46 W. Drain, M. D.f 
47 John M. Roberts, M. D.* 
48 B. Randall, M. D* 
49 John M. Thomas, M. D.* 
50 J. M. Munding ||* 
51 James G. Cooinbe. M 
52 Daniel Brent, M. D.* 
53 Spencer Mitchell, M. D.* 
54 G. M. Dove, M. D.* 
55 B. J. Perry, M. D.f 
56 Samuel Forry, M. D.* 
57 J. B. C. Thornton, M. D.* 
58 John Frederick May, M. D. 
59 Edward F. Rivinus M. D.f 
60 James A. Young, M. D.f 
61 Henry Hoban, M. D.* 
62 W. R. Rose, M. D.* 
63 Flodoardo Howard, M. D. 
64 William P. Johnston, M. D.- 
65 Thomas G. Clinton, M. D.* 
66 S. C. Smoot, M. D.* 
67 Anthony Holmead, M. D.* 
68 Johnson Eliot, M. D. 
69 James H. Causten, Jr., M. D.* 
70 C. H. Liebermann, M. D. 
71 T. B. J. Frye, M. D.f 
72 G. W. Bode,f|| 
73 W. H. Van Buren, M. D.f 
74 Peregrine Warfield, M. D.* 
75 Cornelius Boyle, M. D.* 
76 W. McK. Tucker, M. D.]j 
77 Charles H. Cragin, M. D. 
78 John W. Tyler, M. D* 
79 J. F. J. McClery, M. D.* 
80 H. P. Howard, M. D.* 11 
81 James E. Morgan, M. D. 
82 Alfred H. Lee, M. D. 
83 Samuel E. Tyson, M. D. 
84 Robert King Stone, AI. D.* 
85 Joseph Walsh, M. D. 
86 Wm. H. Saunders, M. D.* 
87 Grafton Tyler, AL D. 
88 Alex. Matthews, M. D.f 
89 Isaac S. Lauck, M. D.* 
90 Hezekiah Magruder, M. D.* 
91 Joshua Riley, AL D.* 
92 John J. Dyer, Al. D. 
93 Benjamin S. Bohrer, Al. D.* 
94 Joshua A. Ritchie, AL D. 
95 Samuel C Busey, Al. D. 
96 A. W. Miller, M. D. 
97 J. B. Edelin, AI. D.f 
98 Alex. S. Wotherspoon, M. D.* 
99 Alex. Y. P. Garnett, AL D. 
100 S. W. Everett, AL D.* 
101 J AL Austin, AL D* 
102 W. Gray Palmer, M. D. 
103 S. B. Blanchard, AL D.* 
104 J. AL Snyder, AL D* 
105 Thomas Hansman, M. D 
106 Jos. Dunton Steward, AL D.f 
107 Leopold Dovilliers, M. D. 
108 W. J. C. DuHamel, M. D. 
109 Richard H. Coolidge, Al. D* 
110 J. J. AVaring, Al. D.f 
111 Louis Mackall, Jr., M. D. 
112 J. AL Grymes, M. D. 
113 Lewis A. Edwards, AL D.f 
114 D. R. Hagner, M. D. 
115 Charles F. Force, AL D.f 
116 H. C. Simms Al. D.f 
117 J. AI. McCalla, AL D.+ 
118 John B. Keasby, Al. D.f 
119 John Richards, Al. D * 
120 M. V. B. Bogan, Al. D. 
121 J. AV. H. Lovejoy, AL D. 
122 John C. Riley, AL D.* 
123. Wm. Marbury, Al. D. 
124 AV. F. Lippitt, Al D f 
125 B. J. Hellen, Ai. D.* 
126 James AL AVilson, .VI D.f 
127 A. J. Semmes, M. D.f 
128 B. F. Craig, AL D* 
129 J. AT. D. Middleton, M. D.f 
130 John W. Stettinius. M. D.* 
131 N. S. Lincoln, Al. D. 
132 S. J. Radcliff, M. D. 
133 J. AL Toner, AL I). 
134 R. H. Speake, AI. D* 
135 T. Purrington, AL D. 
136 John F. King, AL D.* 
137 Wm. H. Berry, AL D.* 
138 John C. Grayson, M. D.f 
139 Wm. Butt, AL I).* 
140 Wm. P. Young, AL D. 
141 George McCoy, M. D. 
142 John G. F. Holston, AL D.* 
143 Thomas F. Maury, M. D.* 
144 Richard C. Croggon, AI. D.* 
145 Frank W. Mead, AI. D 
146 John W. Davis, AI. D.f 
147 Fras. C. Christie, M. D.* 
448 John L. Gibbons, M. D.f- 
149 H. B. Trist, AI. D.f 
150 Thomas Antisell, AI. D.f 
151 G. P. Fenwick, AI. D. 
152 Warwick Evans, AI. D. 
153 Josiah A. Chamberlain, AL D.* 
154 Henry E. Woodbury, AI. D. 
155 T. F. Joyce, M. D.<f 
156 J. T. Howard, AI. D. 
157 Charles Allen, AL 
158 H. H. Lowry, M. D.f 
159 J. Ford Thompson, M. D. 
160 S. J. Todd, M. D * 
161 C. AL Ford, M. D. 
162 H. P. Middleton, AL D * 
163 S. AV. Bogan, M. D. 
164 Patk. A. M. Croghan ||* 
165 Samuel S. Bond, M. D. 
166 Wm. Lee, AI. D. 
167 Jas. Phillips, AI. D.f 
168 Carlos Carvallo, M. D.f 
169 A. F. A. King, M. D. 
170 James T. Young, AI. D. 
171 W. H. Coombs, M. D * ° 
172 J. AV. Herbert, AL D. 
173 W. E. Roberts, M. D. 
174 Armistead. Peter, M. D. 
175 Bodisco Williams, AI. D.* 
176 Ephriam C. Merriam, M. D. 
177 James R. Reily, M. D. 
178 Joseph Scholl, M. D. 
179 Samuel A. Amery, AI. D.f 
180 Thomas W. Wise, AI. D. 
181 Charles McCormick, AI. D.* 
182 G. L. Pancoast, AI. D* 
183 H. A. Robbins, AI. D.f 
184 Win. Bev. Drinkard, M. D.* 
185 William G. H. Newman, AL D. 
186 John Wells Bulkley, M. D. 
187 Adolphus Patze, M. D. 
188 Daniel Webster Prentiss, M. D. 
189 Adajah Behrend, M. D. 
190 James Otey Harris, M. D. 
191 J. Harry Thompson, M. D.f 
192 A. J. Borland, Al. D.fl 
193 Thomas Emory, AI. D.f 
194 L. J. Draper, AL D.f 
195 Thomas C. Smith, Al. D. 
196 S. A. H. McKirn, AI. D. 
197 John K. Walsh, AL D. 
198 Charles H. Bowen, M. D. 
199 Chas. M. Tree, M. D. 
200 John C. Norris, M. D.f 12 
201 D. W. Bliss, M. D. 
202 John E. Smith, M. D.f 
203 F. O'Donnoghue, M. D.j- 
204 F. B. Culver, M. D.J 
205 Rufus Choate, M. D.j- 
206 Louis W. Ritchie, M. D. 
207 Frederic W. Ritter, M. D.J 
208 Robert Reyburn, M. D. 
209 Richmond J. Southworth, M. D 
210 Henry Gray, M. D.j- 
211 C. H. A. Kleinschmidt, M. D. 
212 Benj. Raleigh Raines, M. D.f 
213 James F. Dexter, M. D. 
214 Andrew R. Brown, M. D.||f 
215 Wm. H. Whitley, M. D.J 
216 D. P. Wolhaupter, M. D. 
217 C. F. Nalley, M. D * 
218 C. V. N. Callen, M. D. 
219 Geo. R. Miller, M. D* 
220 F. A. Ashford, M. D. 
221 Otho M. Muncaster, M. D. 
222 Geo. A. Fitch, M. D. 
223 J. Lee Adams, M. D. 
224 B. Thompson, M. D.* 
225 Chas. E. Hagner, M. D. 
226 Valentine McNally, M. D. 
227 D. C. Patterson, M. D. 
228 A. Christie, M. D. 
229 Robertson Howard, M. D. 
230 R V. Aulick, M. D* 
231 J. H. McBlair, M. D. 
232 A. E. Johnson, M. D. 
233 Wm. T. S. Duvall, M. D. 
234 Jos. D. Barnes, M. D. 
235 J. F. Hartigan, M. D. 
236 W. O. Baldwin, M. D. 
237 Howard H. Barker, M. D. 
238 J. O. Stanton, M. D. 
239 R. S. L. Walsh, M. D. 
240 W. W. Johnston, M. D. 
241 W. Bowie Tyler, M. D. 
242 Henry A. Duncanson, M. D.* 
243 J. F. R. Appleby, M. D. 
244 George C. Samson, M. D. 
245 W. W. Potter, M. D.f 
246 W. C. Briscoe, M. D. 
247 Geo H. Torrey, M. D.f 
248 M. Buckheitner, M. D. 
249 John Parsons, M. D. 
250 G. L. Magruder, M. D. 
251 A. McWilliam, M. D. 
252 C. M. Hines, M. D.J 
253 J. L. Suddarth, M. D. 
254 W. E. Poulton, M. D. 
255 J. K. P. Gleeson, M. D. 
256 Robert Farnham, M. D. 
257 Basil Norris, M. D. 
258 Smith Townshend, M. D. 
259 Joseph Taber Johnson, M. D. 
260 A. Brockenbrough, M. D.j- 
261 Wm. T. Ramsey, M. D. 
262 John Stearns, M. D.f 
263 Robert Fletcher, M. D. 
264 Sam'l B. Fisher, M. D. 
265 J. H. Baxter, M. D. 
266 E. W. Lattimer, M. D. 
267 Wm. J. Armstrong, M. D. 
268 John T. Winter, M. D. 
269 Francis Salter, M. D. 
270 Chas. D. Maxwell, M. D. 
271 J. A. Tarkington, M. D. 
272 C. M. Hammett, M. D. 
273 D. S. Lamb, M. D. 
274 C. W. Franzoni, M. D. 
275 F. M. Gunnell, M. D. 
276 C. V. Boarman, M. D. 
277 Wm. V. Marmion, M. D. 
278 J. S. Beale, M. D. 
279 Wm. H. Ross, M. D. 
280 Lewis E. Newton, M. D. 
281 Z. T. Sowers, M. D. 
282 P. J. Murphy, M. D. 
283 William T. Harvey, M. D. 
284 J. S. McLain, M. D. 
285 Thos. M. Healey, M. D. 
286 W. H. Triplett, M. D. 
287 Richard G. Mauss, M. D. 
288 P. Glennan, M. D. 
289 Robert Harris, M. D. 
290 A. B. Sheckell, M. D. 
291 James T. Sothoron, M. D. 
292 Charles Bittinger, M. D.| 
293 F. D. Squires, M. D.f 
294 G. S. Palmer, M. D. 
295 J. A. McCauley, M. D. 
296 William H. Taylor, M. D. 
297 James M. Mackall, M. D. 
298 E. A. Adams, M. D. 
299 E. M. Schaeffer, M. D. 
300 William W. Ward, M. D. 
301 David Blair, M. D. 
302 J. T. Coumbe, M. D. 
303 A. C. Adams, M. D. 
304 J. A. Sladen, M. D.J 
305 G. M. Kober, M. D.j- 
306 R. M. Beall.J 
307 Theodore Mead, M. D. 
308 J. H. Brooks, M. D.J 
309 E. A. Zeverly, M. D.* 
310 H. T. Porter, M. D.J 
311 R. A. Page, M. D. 
312 P. G. Young, M. D. 
313 James M. Gassaway, M. D. 
314 Wm. L. Hudson, M. D. 
315 J. H. Bushnell, M. D. 
316 S. B. Crew, M. D. 
317 William L. Naylor, M. D. 
318 Geo. W. Offutt, M. D* 13 
319 D. H. Hazen, M. D. 
320 John Walter, M. D. 
321 Frank Hyatt, M. D. 
322 T. A. R. Keech, M. D. 
323 S. J. Waggaman, M. D. 
324 John E. Brackett, M. D. 
325 G. S. King, M. D. 
326 P. T. Keene, M. D. 
327 J. P. Richardson, M. D. 
328 D. J. Kelly, M. D. 
Associate Members. 
1 A. W. Adams, M. D. 
2 W. P. Lawver, M. D. 
8 J. W. Van Arnum, M. D. 
4 J. L. Eliot, M. D. 
5 C. F. Rand, M. D. 
6 P. H. Flood, M. D. 
7 R. D. DeL. French, M. D. 
8 G. F. Johnston, M. D. 
9 T. B. Hood, M. D. 
i E.-PpeTled + Removed from the District- t Resigned. K Dropped. || Licentiate, Med. So. 
ROUTINE OF BUSINESS: 
1. Reading of the Minutes. 
2. Unfinished Business. 
3. Nomination and Election of Candidates for Membership. 
4. Reports of Officers. 
5. Reports of Committees. 
6. Election of Officers. 
7. Election of Delegates to the American Medical Association 
8. Miscellaneous Business. MEDICAL ETHICS OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSO- 
CIATION AND OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
OF THE DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO THEIR PATIENTS, AND 
OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF PATIENTS TO THEIR PHYSI- 
CIANS. 
\ 1. A physician should not only be ever ready to obey the calls of the 
sick, but his mind ought also to be imbued with the greatness of his mis- 
sion, and the responsibility he habitually incurs in its discharge. These 
obligations are the more deep and enduring, because there is no tribunal 
other than his own conscience to adjudge penalties for carelessness or neg- 
lect. Physicians should, therefore, minister to the sick with due impres- 
sions of the importance of their office ; reflecting that the ease, the health, 
and the lives of those committed to their charge, depend on their skill, 
attention, and fidelity. They should study, also, in their deportment, so to 
unite tenderness with firmness, and condescension with authority, as to in- 
spire the minds of their patients with gratitude, respect, and confidence. 
g 2. Every case committed to the charge of a physician should be treated 
with attention, steadiness and humanity. Reasonable indulgence should be 
granted to the mental imbecility and caprices of the sick. Secrecy and 
delicacy, when required by peculiar circumstances, should be strictly ob- 
served ; and the familiar and confidential intercourse to which physicians 
are admitted in their professional visits, should be used with discretion, and 
with the most scrupulous regard to fidelity and honor. The obligation of 
secrecy extends beyond the period of professional services ; none of the 
privacies of personal and domestic life, no infirmity of disposition or flaw 
of character observed during professional attendance should ever be 
divulged by the physician except when he is imperatively required to do so. 
The force and necessity of this obligation are indeed so great, that profes- 
sional men have, under certain circumstances, been protected in their ob- 
servance of secrecy by courts of justice. 
g 3. Frequent visits to the sick are in general requisite, since they enable 
the physician to arrive at a more perfect knowledge of the disease-to meet 
promptly every change which may occur, and also tend to preserve the 
confidence of the patient. But unnecessary visits are to be avoided, as they 
give useless anxiety to the patient, tend to diminish the authority of the 
physician, and render him liable to be suspected of interested motives. 
g 4. A physician should not be forward to make gloomy prognostications, 
because they savor of empiricism, by magnifying the importance of his 
services in the treatment or cure of the disease. But he should not tail, on 
proper occasions, to give to the friends of the patient timely notice of 
danger when it really occurs ; and even to the patient himself, if absolutely 
necessary- This office, however, is so peculiarly alarming when executed 
by him, that it ought to be declined whenever it can be assigned to any 
other person of sufficient judgment and delicacy. For the physician should 
be the minister of hope and comfort to the sick ; that, by such cordials to 
the drooping spirit, be may smooth the bed of death, revive expiring life, 
and counteract the depressing influence of those maladies which often dis- 
turb the tranquility of the most resigned in their last moments. The life 
of a sick person can be shortened not only by the acts, but also by the 
words or the manner of a physican. It is, therefore, a sacred duty to guard 
Art. I.-Duties of physcians to their patients. 15 
himself carefully in this respect, and to avoid all things which have a ten- 
dency to discourage the patient and to depress his spirits. 
5. A physician ought not to abandon a patient because the case is 
deemed incurable ; for his attendance may continue to be highly useful to 
the patient, and comforting to the relatives around him, even in the last 
period of a fatal malady, by alleviating pain and other symptoms, and by 
soothing mental anguish. To decline attendance, under such circumstances, 
would be sacrificing to fanciful delicacy and mistaken liberality, that moral 
duty, which is independent of, and far superior to, all pecuniary considera- 
tion. 
| 6. Consultations should be promoted in difficult or protracted cases, as 
they give rise to confidence, energy, and more enlarged views in practice. 
£ 7. The opportunity which a physician not unfrequently enjoys of pro- 
moting and strengthening the good resolutions of his patients, suffering 
under the consequences of vicious conduct, ought never to be neglected. 
His counsels, or even remonstrances, will give satisfaction, not offense, if 
they be protferred with politeness, and evince a genuine love of virtue, ac- 
companied by a sincere interest in the welfare of the person to whom they 
are addressed. 
Art. II.-Obligations of patients to their physicians 
? 1. The members of the medical profession, upon whom is enjoined the 
performance of so many important and arduous duties towards the commu- 
nity, and who are required to make so many sacrifices of comfort, ease, and 
health, for the welfare of those who avail themselves of their services, cer- 
tainly have a right to expect and require, that their patients should enter- 
tain a just sense of the duties which they owe to their medical attendants. 
$ 2. The first duty of a patient is to select as bis medical adviser one. who 
has received a regular professional education. In no trade or occupation 
do mankind rely on the skill of an untaught artist; and in medicine, con- 
fessedly the most difficult and intricate of the sciences, the world ought not 
to suppose that knowledge is intuitive. 
% 3. Patients should prefer a physician whose habits of life are regular, 
and who*is not devoted to company, pleasure, or to any pursuit incompa- 
tible with his professional obligations. A patient should, also, confide the 
care of himself and family, as much as possible, to one physician ; for a 
medical man who has become acquainted with the peculiarities of constitu- 
tion, habits, and predispositions of those he attends, is more likely to be 
successful in his treatment than one who does not possess that knowledge. 
A patient who has thus selected his physician should always apply for 
advice in what may appear to him trivial cases, for the most fatal results 
often supervene on the slightest accidents. It is of still more importance 
that he should apply for assistance in the forming stage of violent diseases ; 
it is to a neglect of this precept that medicine owes much of the uncertainty 
and imperfection with which it has been reproached. 
i 4. Patients should faithfully and unreservedly communicate to their 
physician the supposed cause of their disease. This is the more important, 
as many diseases of a mental origin stimulate those depending on external 
causes, and yet are only to be cured by ministering to the mind diseased. 
A patient should never be afraid of thus making bis physician his friend 
and adviser ; he should always bear in mind that a medical man is under 
the strongest obligations of secrecy. Even the female sex should never 
allow feelings ot shame or delicacy to prevent their disclosing the seat, 
symptoms, and causes of complaints peculiar to them. However commend- 
able a modest reserve may be in the common occurrences of life, its strict 
observance in medicine is often attended with the most serious consequences, 
and a patient may sink under a painful and loathsome disease, which might 
have been readily prevented had timely intimation been given to the phy- 
sician. 16 
J 5. A patient should never weary his physician with a tedious detail of 
events or matters not appertaining to his disease. Even as relates to his 
actual symptoms, he will convey much more real information by giving 
clear answers to interrogatories, than by the most minute accoiint of his 
own framing. Neither should he obtrude upon his physician the details of 
bis business nor the history of his family concerns. 
? 6. The obedience of a patient to the prescriptions of his physician 
should be prompt and implicit. He should never permit his own crude 
opinions as to their fitness to influence his attention to them. A failure in 
one particular may render an otherwise judicious treatment dangerous, and 
even fatal. This remark is equally applicable to diet, drink, and exercise. 
As patients become convalescent, they are very apt to suppose that the rules 
prescribed for them may be disregarded, and the consequence, but too often, 
is a relapse. Patients should never allow themselves to to be persuaded to 
take any medicine whatever, that may be recommended to them by the self- 
constituted doctors and doctresses who are so frequently met with, and who 
pretend to possess infallible remedies for the cure of every disease. How- 
ever simple some of their prescriptions may appear to be, it often happens 
that they are productive of much mischief, and in all cases they are inju- 
rious, by contravening the plan of treatment adopted by the physician. 
$ 7. A patient should, if possible, avoid even Vae friendly visits of a phy- 
sician who is not attending him-and when he does receive them, he should 
never converse on the subject of his disease, as an observation may be made, 
without any intention of interference, which may destroy his confidence in 
the course he is pursuing, and induce him to neglect the directions pre- 
scribed to him. A patient should never send for a consulting physician 
without the express consent of his own medical attendant. It is of great 
importance that physicians should act in concert; for, although their modes 
of treatment may be attended with equal success when employed singly, 
yet conjointly they are very likely to be productive of disastrous results. 
? 8. When a patient wishes to dismiss his physician, justice and common 
courtesy require that he should declare bis reasons for so doing. 
? 9. Patients should always, when practicable, send for their physician in 
the morning, before his usual hour of going out; for, by being early aware 
<>f the visits he has to pay during the day, the physician is able to appor- 
tion his time in such a manner as to prevent an interference of engage- 
ments. Patients should also avoid calling on their medical adviser unnec- 
essarily during the hours devoted to meals or sleep. They should always be 
in readiness to receive the visits of their physician, as the detention of a 
few minutes is often of serious inconvenience to him. 
$ 10. A patient should, after his recovery, entertain a just and enduring 
sense of the value of the services rendered him by his physician ; for 
these are of such a character, that no mere pecuniary acknowledgment can 
repay or cancel them. 
OF THE DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO EACH OTHER, AND TO 
THE PROFESSION AT LARGE. 
Art. I.-Duties for the support of professional character. 
? 1. Every individual, on entering the profession, as he becomes thereby 
entitled to all its privileges and immunities, incurs an obligation to exert 
his best abilities to maintain its dignity and honor, to exalt its standing, 
and to extend the bounds of its usefulness. He should, therefore, observe 
strictly such laws as are instituted for the government of its members :- 
should avoid all contumelious and sarcastic remarks relative to the faculty 
as a body ; and while, by unwearied diligence, he resorts to every honorable 
means of enriching the science, he should entertain a due respect for his 
seniors, who have, by their labors, brought it to the elevated condition in 
which he finds it. 17 
§ 2. There is no profession, from the members of which greater purity of 
character, and a higher standard of moral excellence are required, than the 
medical; and to attain such eminence is a duty every physician owes alike 
to his profession and to his patients. It is due to the latter, as without it 
he cannot command their respect and confidence, and to both, because no 
scientific attainments can compensate for the want of correct moral princi- 
ples. It is also incumbent upon the faculty to be temperate in all things, 
for the practice of physic requires the unremitting exercise of a clear and 
vigorous understanding; and, on emergencies, for which no professional 
man should be unprepared, a steady hand, an acute eye, and an unclouded 
head may be essential to the well-being, and even to- the life, of a fellow 
creature. 
$ 3. It is derogatory to the dignity of the profession to resort to public 
advertisements, or private cards, or handbills, inviting the attention of in- 
dividuals affected with particular diseases-publicly offering advice and 
medicine to the poor gratis, or promising radical cures ; or to publish cases 
and operations in the daily prints, or suffer such publications to be made ; 
to invite laymen to be present at operations, to boast of cures and remedies, 
to adduce certificates of'skill and success, or to perform any other similar 
acts. These are the ordinary practices of empirics, and are highly repre- 
hensible in a regular physician. 
§ 4. Equally derogatory to professional character is it for a physician to 
hold a patent for any surgical instrument or medicine ; or to dispense a 
secret nostrum, whether it be the composition or exclusive property of him- 
self or of others. For, if such nostrum be of real efficacy, any conceal- 
ment regarding it is inconsistent with beneficence and professional liberality; 
and if mystery alone give it value and importance, such craft implies either 
disgraceful ignorance or fraudulent avarice. It is also reprehensible for 
physicians to give certificates attesting the efficacy of patent or secret med- 
icines, or in any way to promote the use of them. 
§ 1. All practitioners of medicine, their wives, and their children while 
under the paternal care, are entitled to the gratuitous services of any one 
or more of the faculty residing near them, whose assistance may be desired. 
A physician afflicted with disease is usually an incompetent judge of his 
own ease; and the natural anxiety and solicitude Which he experiences at 
the sickness of a wife, a child, or any one who, by the ties of consanguinity, 
is rendered peculiarly dear to him, tend to obscure his judgment, and pro- 
duce timidity and irresolution in his practice. Under such circumstances, 
medical men are peculiarly dependent upon each other, and kind offices and 
professional aid should always be cheerfully and gratuitously afforded. 
Visits ought not, however, to be obtruded officiously ; as such unasked 
civility may give rise to embarrassment, or interfere with that choice on 
which confidence depends. But, if a distant member of the faculty, whose 
circumstances are affluent, request attendance, and an honorarium be offered, 
it should not be declined; for no pecuniary obligation ought to be imposed, 
which the party receiving it would wish not to incur. 
Art. II.-Professional services of physicians to each other. 
Art. III.-Of the duties of physicians as respects vicarious offices. 
? 1. The affairs of life, the pursuit of health, and the various accidents 
and contingencies to which a medical man is peculiarly exposed, sometimes 
require him temporarily to withdraw from his duties to his patients, and to 
request some of his professional brethren to officiate for him. Compliance 
with this request is an act of courtesy, which should always be performed 
with the utmost consideration for the interest and character of the family 
physician, and when exercised for a short period, all the pecuniary obliga- 
tions for such service should be awarded to him. But if a member of the 18 
profession neglect his business in quest of pleasure and amusement, he can- 
not be considered as entitled to the advantages of the frequent and long- 
continued exercise of this fraternal courtesy, without awarding to the 
physician who officiates, the fees arising from the discharge of his profes- 
sional duties. 
In obstetrical and important surgiqal cases, which give rise to unusual 
fatigue, anxiety, and responsibility, it is just that the fees accruing there- 
from should be awarded to the physician who officiates. 
Art. IV.-Of the duties of physicians in regard to consultations. 
% 1. A regular medical education furnishes the only presumptive evi- 
dence of professional abilities and acquirements, and ought to be the only 
acknowledged right of an individual to the exercise and honors of his pro- 
fession. Nevertheless, as in consultations the good of the patient is the 
sole object in view, and this is often dependent on personal confidence, no 
intelligent regular practitioner, who has a license to practice from some 
medical board of known and acknowledged respectability, recognized by 
this Association, and who is in good moral and professional standing in the 
place in which he resides, should be fastidiously excluded from fellowship, 
or his aid refused in consultation, when it is requested by the patient. But 
no one can be considered as a regular practitioner or a fit associate in con- 
sultation, whose practice is based on an exclusive dogma, to the rejection of 
the accumulated experiences of the profession, and of the aids actually fur- 
nished by anatomy, physiology, pathology, and organic chemistry. 
g 2. In consultations, no rivalship or jealousy should be indulged ; can- 
dor, probity, and all due respect should be exercised towards the physician 
having charge of the case. 
§ 3. In consultations, the attending physicians should be the first to pro- 
pose the necessary questions to the sick ; after which the consulting physi- 
cian should have the opportunity to make such further inquiries of the 
patient as may be necessary to satisfy him of the true character of the case. 
Both physicians should then retire to a private place for deliberation ; and 
the one first in attendance should communicate the directions agreed upon 
to the patient or his friends, as well as any opinions which it may be thought 
proper to express. But no statement or discussion of it should take place 
before the patient or his friends, except in the presence of all the faculty 
attending, and by their common consent; and no opinions or prognostica- 
tions should be delivered which are not the result of previous deliberation 
and concurrence. 
§ 4. In consultations, the physican in attendance should deliver his opin- 
ion first; and when there are several consulting, they should deliver their 
opinions in the order in which they have been called in. No decision, how- 
ever, should restrain the attending physician from making such variations 
in the mode of treatment as any subsequent unexpected change in the char- 
acter of the case may demand. But such variation, and the reasons for it, 
ought to be carefully detailed at the next meeting in consultation. The 
same privilege belongs also to the consulting physician if he is sent for in 
an emergency, when the regular attendant is out of the way, and similar 
explanations must be made by him at the next consultation. 
| 5. The utmost punctuality should be observed in the visits of physicians 
when they are to hold consultation together, and this is generally practica- 
ble, for society has been considerate enough to allow the plea of a profes- 
sional engagement to take precedence of all other, and to be an ample rea- 
son for the relinquishment of any present occupation. But as professional 
engagements may sometimes interfere, and delay one of the parties, the 
physician who first arrives should wait for his associate a reasonable period, 
after which the consultation should be considered as postponed to a new 
appointment. If it be the attending physician who is present, he will, of 
course, see the patient and prescribe; but if it be the consulting one, he 19 
should retire, except in case of emergency, or when he has been called 
from a considerable distance, in which latter case he may examine the 
patient, and give his opinion in writing, and under seal, to be delivered to 
his associate. 
§ 6. In consultations, theoretical discussions should be avoided, as occa- 
sioning perplexity and loss of time. For there may be much diversity of 
opinion concerning speculative points, with perfect agreement in those 
modes of practice which are founded, not on hypothesis, but on experience 
and observation. 
§ 7. All discussions in consultation should be held as secret and confiden- 
tial. Neither by words nor manner should any of the parties to a consul- 
tation assert or insinuate that any part of the treatment pursued did not 
receive his assent. The responsibility must be equally divided between the 
medical attendants-they must equally share the credit of success as well as 
the blame of failure. 
| 8. Should an irreconcilable diversity of opinion occur when several 
physicians are called upon to consult together, the opinion of the majority 
should be considered as decisive ; but if the numbers be equal on each side, 
then the decision should rest with the attending physician. It may, more- 
over, sometimes happen that two physicians cannot agree in their views of 
the nature of a case, and the treatment to be pursued. This is a circum- 
stance much to be deplored, and should always be avoided, if possible, by 
mutual concessions, as far as they can be justified by a conscientious regard 
for the dictates of judgment. But in the event of its occurrence, a third 
physician should, if practicable, be called to act as umpire; and, if circum- 
stances prevent the adoption of this course, it must be left to the patient to 
select the physician in whom he is most willing to confide. But, as every 
physician relies upon the rectitude of his judgment, he should, when left in 
the minority, politely and consistently retire from any further deliberation 
in the consultation, or participation in the management of the case. 
§ 9. As circumstances sometimes occur to render a special consultation 
desirable, when the continued attendance of two physicians might be objec- 
tionable to the patient, the member of the faculty whose assistance is re- 
quired in such cases should sedulously guard against all future unsolicited 
attendance. As such consultations require an extraordinary portion both 
of time and attention, at least a double honorarium may be reasonably ex- 
pected. 
§ 10. A physician who is called upon to consult, should observe the most 
honorable and scrupulous regard for the character and standing of the 
practitioner in attendance ; the practice of the latter, if necessary, should 
be justified as far as it can be, consistently with a conscientious regard for 
truth, and no hint or insinuation should be thrown out which could impair 
the confidence reposed in him, or affect his reputation. The consulting 
physician should also carefully refrain from any of those extraordinary at- 
tentions or assiduities which are too often practiced by the dishonest for the 
base purpose of gaining applause, or ingratiating themselves into the favor 
of families and individuals. 
? 1. Medicine is a liberal profession, and those admitted into its ranks 
should found their expectations of practice upon the extent of their quali- 
fications, not on intrigue or artifice. 
g 2. A physician, in his intercourse with a patient under the care of an- 
other practitioner, should observe the strictest caution and reserve. No 
meddling inquiries should be made-no disengenuous hints given relative 
to the nature and treatment of his disorder ; nor any course of conduct 
pursued that may directly or indirectly tend to diminish the trust reposed 
in the physician employed. 
2 3. The same circumspection and reserve should be observed when, from 
Art. V.-Duties of physicians in cases of interference. 20 
motives of business or friendship, a physician is prompted to visit an indi- 
vidual who is under the direction of another practitioner. Indeed, such 
visits should be avoided, except under peculiar circumstances ; and when 
they are made, no particular inquiries should be instituted relative to the 
nature of the disease, or the remedies employed, but the topics of conversa- 
tion should be as foreign to the case as circumstances will admit. 
§ 4. A physician ought not to take charge of or prescribe for a patient 
who has recently been under the care of another member of the faculty in 
the same illness, except in cases of sudden emergency, or in consultation 
with the physician previously in attendance, or when the latter has relin- 
quished the case, or been regularly notified that his services are no longer 
desired. Under such circumstances no unjust and illiberal insinuations 
should be thrown out in relation to the conduct or practice previously pur- 
sued, which should be justified as far as candor and regard for truth and 
probity will permit, for it often happens that patients become dissatisfied 
when they do not experience immediate relief, and, as many diseases are 
naturally protracted, the want of success, in the first stage of treatment, 
affords no evidence of a lack of professional knowledge and skill. 
£ 5. When a physician is called to an urgent case, because the family at- 
tendant is not at hand, he ought, unless his assistance in consultation be 
desired, to resign the care of the patient to the latter immediately on his 
arrival. 
I 6. It often happens in cases of sudden illness, or of recent accidents 
and injuries, owning to the alarm and anxiety of friends, that a number of 
physicians are simultaneously sent for. Under these circumstances, court- 
esy should assign the patient to the first who arrives, who should select from 
those present any additional assistance that he may deem necessary. In all 
such cases, however, the practitioner who officiates should request the family 
physician, if there be one, to be called, and, unless his further attendance be 
requested, should resign the case to the latter on his arrival. 
| 7. When a physician is called to the patient of another practitioner, in 
consequence of the sickness or absence of the latter, he ought, on the return 
or recovery of the regular attendant and with the consent of the patient, to 
surrender the case. 
[The expression, " patient of another practitioner," is understood to mean 
a patient who may have been under the charge of another practitioner at 
the time of the attack of sickness, or departure from home of the latter, or 
who may have called for his attendance during his absence or sickness, or 
in any other manner given it to be understood that he regarded the said 
physician as his regular medical attendant.] 
§ 8. A physician when visiting a sick person in the country, may be de- 
sired to see a neighboring patient who is under the regular direction of 
another physician, in consequence of some sudden change or aggravation 
of symptoms. The conduct to be pursued on such an occasion is to give 
advice adapted to present circumstances ; to interfere no further than is 
absolutely necessary with the general plan of treatment; to assume no fu- 
ture direction unless it be expressly desired ; and, in this last case, to request 
an immediate consultation with the practitioner previously employed. 
$ 9. A wealthy physician should not give advice gratis to the affluent; 
because his doing so is an injury to his professional brethren. The office of 
a physician can never be supported as an exclusively beneficent one ; and 
it is defrauding, in some degree, the common funds for its support, when 
fees are dispensed with which might justly be claimed. 
$ 10. When a physician who has been engaged to attend a case of mid- 
wifery is absent, and another is sent for, if delivery is accomplished during 
the attendance of the latter, he is entitled to the fee, but should resign the 
patient to the practitioner first engaged. 21 
Art. VI.-Of differences between physicians. 
J 1. Diversity of opinion and opposition of interest may, in the medical 
as in other professions, sometimes occasion controversy and even contention. 
Whenever such cases unfortunately occur, and cannot be immediately 
terminated, they should be referred to the arbitration of a sufficient number 
of physicians or a court-medical. 
3 2. As peculiar reserve must be maintained by physicians towards the 
public, in regard to professional matters, and as there exist numerous points 
in medical ethics and etiquette through which the feelings of medical men 
may be painfully assailed in their intercourse with each other, and which 
cannot be understood or appreciated by general society, neither the subject 
matter of such differences nor the adjudication of the arbitrators should be 
made public, as publicity in a case of this nature may be personally inju- 
rious to the individuals concerned, and can hardly fail to bring discredit on 
the faculty. 
Some general rules should be adopted by the faculty, in every town or 
district, relative to pecuniary acknowledgments from their patients; and it 
should be-deemed a point of honor to adhere to these rules with as much 
uniformity as varying circumstances will admit. 
Art. VII.-Of pecuniary acknowledgments. 
OF THE DUTIES OF THE PROFESSION TO THE PUBLIC, AND 
OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE PUBLIC TO THE PRO- 
FESSION. 
ART. I.-Duties of the profession to the public. 
| 1. As good citizens, it is the duty of physicians to be ever vigilant for 
the welfare of the community, and to bear, their part in sustaining its insti- 
tutions and burdens ; they should also be ever ready to give counsel to the 
public in relation to matters especially appertaining to their profession, as 
on subjects of medical police, public hygiene, and legal medicine. It is 
their province to enlighten the public in regard to quarantine regulations- 
the location, arrangement, and dietaries of hospitals, asylums, schools, pris- 
ons, and similar institutions-in relation to the medical police of towns, as 
drainage, ventilation, etc.-and in regard to measures for the prevention of 
epidemic and contagious diseases; and when pestilence prevails, it is their 
duty to face the danger, and to continue their labors for the alleviation of 
the suffering, even at the jeopardy of their own lives. 
£ 2. Medical men should also be always ready, when called on by the 
legally constituted authorities, to enlighten coroners' inquestsand courts of 
justice, on subjects strictly medical-such as involve questions relating to 
sanity, legitimacy, murder by poisons or other violent means, and in regard 
to the various other subjects embraced in the science of Medical Jurispru- 
dence. But in these eases, and especially where they are required to make 
a post-mortem examination, it is just, in consequence'of the time, labor, and 
skill required, and the responsibility and risk they incur, that the public 
should award them a proper honorarium. 
I 3. There is no profession by the members of which eleemosynary ser- 
vices are more liberally dispensed than the medical, but justice requires 
that some limits should be placed to the performance of such good offices. 
Poverty, professional brotherhood, and certain of the public duties referred 
to in the first section of this article, should always be recognized as present- 
ing valid claims for gratuitous services ; but neither institutions endowed 
by the public or by rich individuals, societies for mutual benefit, for the 
insurance of lives or for analogous purposes, nor any profession or occupa- 
tion, can be admitted to possess such privilege. Nor can it be justly ex- 22 
pected of physicians to furnish certificates of inability to serve on juries, to 
perform militia duty, or to testify to the state of health of persons wishing 
to insure their lives, obtain pensions, or the like, without a pecuniary ac- 
knowledgment. But to individuals in indigent circumstances, such profes- 
sional services should always be cheerfully and freely accorded. 
$ 4. It is the duty of physicians, who are frequent witnesses of the enor- 
mities committed by quackery, and the injury to health and even destruc- 
tion of life caused by the use of quack medicines, to enlighten the public 
on these subjects, to expose the injuries sustained by the unwary from the 
devices and pretensions of artful empirics and impostors. Physicians ought 
to use all the influence which they may possess, as professors in colleges of 
Pharmacy, and by exercising their option in regard to the shops to which 
their prescriptions shall be sent, to discourage druggists and apothecaries 
from vending quack or secret medicines, or from being in any way engaged 
in their manufacture and sale. 
$ 1. The benefits accruing to the public, directly and indirectly, from the 
active and unwearied beneficence of the profession, are so numerous and 
important, that physicians are justly entitled to the utmost consideration 
and respect frbm the community. The public ought likewise to entertain 
a just appreciation of medical qualifications ; to make a proper discrimi- 
nation between true science and the assumptions of ignorance and empiri- 
cism-to afford every encouragement and facility for the acquisition of 
medical education-and no longer to allow the statute books to exhibit the 
anomaly of exacting knowledge from physicians, under a liability to heavy 
penalties, and of making them obnoxious to punishment for resorting to 
the only means of obtaining it. 
Art. II.-Obligations of the public to physicians. Alphabetical List of Living Resident Members. 
NAMES. RESIDENCE 
Adams, J. Lee1335 E street S. E.Washington. 
Adams, E. A422 8th street S. E do. 
Adams, A. C1102 8th street N. W. do. 
Antisell, ThOs.1323 Q street N. W. do. 
Appleby, J. F. R63 Market streetGeorgetown. 
Armstrong, Wm. J1629 Conn. Ave. N. W.Washington. 
Ashford, F. A1330 New York Ave. N. W. do. 
Baldwin, W. O1915 Pennsylvania Ave., N. W do. 
Ball, C. A.233 G street N. W do. 
Barnes, Jos. D.2136 Pennsylvania Ave. N. W. do. 
Barker, H. H.1116 H street N. W. do. 
Baxter, J. H1504 H street N. W do. 
Beal, J. S 206 Pennsylvania Ave., S. E. do. 
Behrend, Adajah709 H street N. AV do. 
Bird, J. C 1309 F street N. AV do. 
Bliss, D. W1321 F street N. W do. 
Blair, David,1618 14th street N. W. do. 
Boarman, C. V 1114 Maryland Avenue S. W do. 
Bogan, M. V. B604 Massachusetts Avenue N. W do. 
Bogan, S. W 421 G street N. W do. 
Bond, S. S.813 1st street N. AV do. 
Borrows. Joseph921 E street N. W do. 
Bowen, C. H601 Massachusetts Avenue N. W. do. 
Brackett, J. E31 B street S. E. do. 
Briscoe, AV. C317 C street N. AV do. 
Bruckheimer, M240 4J street 8. W do. 
Bulkley, J. AV. 615 11th street N. W. do. 
Burnett, 8. M1215 Pa. ave.N. AV. do. 
Busey, 8. C.1525 I street N. AV. do. 
Bushnell, J. H.1212 10th street N. AV. do. 
Byrns, AV. F217 Delaware Avenue N. E. do. 
Callan, C. V. N.2408 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W._ do. 
Christie, Arthur655 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. EUniontown. 
Coumbe, J. T.1304 9th street N. W.Washington. 
Cox, C. C 213 East Capitol street N. E do. 
Crew, 8. B146 6th street N. W. do. 
Cragin, C. H 124 Dunbarton streetGeorgetown. 
Davis, G. M.612 H street S. W.Washington. 
Dexter, Jas. E.453 C street N. AV do. 
Dovilliers, L.1221 13th street N. W. do. 
Du Hamel, AV. J. C.338 Indiana Avenue do. 
Duvall, AV. T. 81119 10th street N. W do. 
Eliot, Johnson510 E street N. W. do. 
Evans, Warwick1027 9th street N. W. do. 
Eversfield, W- O.1529 14th street N. W., do. 24 
Farnham, Robt1103 M street N. W.Washington. 
Fenwick, G. P.405 7th street S. W do. 
Fisher, S. B307 East Capitol street N. E do. 
Fletcher, Robt.314 Indiana Avenue• do. 
Ford, C. M.150 Pennsylvania Avenue S. E. do. 
Franzoni, C. W 808 H street N. W. do. 
Fry, H. I).1209 G street N. W do. 
Garnett, A. Y. P.1317 New York Avenue N. W. do. 
Gleeson, J. K. P.1227 N street N. W do. 
Glennan, P.N. J. Ave. and Boundary N. W. do. 
Gunnell, F. M.Naval Hospital do. 
Hagner, C. E.944 L street N. W do. 
Hagner, D. R. 1812 H street N. W. do. 
Harvey, Wm. T471 C street N. W do. 
Harris, Robert929 L street N. W do. 
Hazen, D. H.601 G street S. W. do. 
Hall, J. C.909 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W do. 
Hammet, C. M644 F street S. W. do. 
Hansman, Theo.724 13th street N. W. do. 
Harris, J. Otey929 L street N. W do. 
Hartigan, J. F.1224 F street N. W do. 
Herbert, J. W.205 H street N. W do. 
Healey, Thomas M.813 Vermont Avenue N. W do. 
Howard, Flodoardo617 F street N. W do. 
Howard, J. T.1126 9th street N. W. do. 
Hoover, C. A. 1222 6th street N. W. do. 
Hudson, Wm. L61 H street N. W do. 
Hyatt, Frank1224 I street N. W. do. 
Johnson, A. E.101 B street 8. E. do. 
Johnson, J. T 937 New York Avenue N. W. do. 
Johnston, W. W. 1307 F street N. W do. 
J<>yce, J. W912 I street N. W. do. 
Keech, T. A. R 645 Pennsylvania Avenue, S. E do. 
Keene, P. T327 East Capitol street N. E do. 
Ketcham, O. C 37 C street N. E do. 
Kelly, D. J. 59 Congress streetGeorgetown. 
King, A. F. A. 726 13 street N. W.Washington. 
King, G. S 1323 7th street N. W. do. 
Kleinschmidt, C. H. A74 Congress streetGeorgetown. 
Lamb, D. S. 1324 V street N. WWashington. 
Latimer, E. W624 I street N. W. do. 
Lee, A. H. 1125 5th street N. W. do. 
Lee, Wm 2111 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W._ do. 
Lieberman, C. H 722 12th street N. W. do. 
Lincoln, N. S.1514 H street N. W.~ do. 
Lindsey. Harvey 824 Connecticut Avenue do. 
Little, J. W. Anacostia. 
Loring, F. B 723 14th street N. W. Washington. 
Lovejoy, J. W. H 902 12th street N. W. do. 
Mackall, Jr., LouisCongress street, corner BridgeGeorgetown. 
Mackall, Jas. M " " " " do. 
Magruder. G. L. 310 E street N. W Washington. 
Marbury, Wm 215 Bridge streetGeorgetown. 
Marmion, Wm. V 1106 F street N. W.Washington. Mauss, R. G1701 6th street itf'. W.Washington. 
Maxwell, Charles D.1716 I street N. W- do. 
McBlair, J. H.905 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. do. 
McCoy, George308 2d street 8. E. do. 
McKim, S. A. H.25 5th street S. E do. 
McLain, J. S.332 C street N. W. do. 
McNalley, V1203 13th street N. W. do. 
McWillisfm, A.629 4J street S. W do. 
Mead, Theodore902 22d street N. W. do. 
Melvin, M. B.721 4| street S. W. do. 
Merriam, E. C.622 New Jersey Avenue N. W. do. 
Miller, A. W.820 K street S. E. do. 
Morgan, James E.905 E street N. W do. 
Muncaster, O. M.1405 New York Avenue N. W. do. 
Murphy, P. J.Columbia Hospital do. 
Naylor, William L.456 M street N. W. do. 
Newman, W. G. H.2403 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W._ do. 
Newton, Lewis E413 L street N. W do. 
Newman, H. M.2403 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W.~ do. 
Norris, Basil1829 G street N. W do. 
Palmer, G. S.1113 Massachusetts Avenue N. W._ do. 
Palmar, William Gray929 II street N. W. do. 
Parsons, John1512 9th street N. W.z do. 
Patterson, D. C.919 I street N. W.v do. 
Patze, Adolphus610 Louisiana Avenue N. W. do. 
Peter, Armistead100 Gay streetGeorgetown. 
Poulton, W. E.426 4| street S. W.Washington. 
Prentiss, D. W1224 9th street N. W. do. 
Purrington, T1108 F street N. W. do. 
Radcliff, 8. J.1211 F street N. W do. 
Ramsey, William T.1341 Lexington Terrace do. 
Reily, James R.221 4| street 8. W. do. 
Reyburn, Robert721 15th street N. W. do. 
Ritchie, Joshua A.40 1st streetGeorgetown. 
Ritchie, L. W152 Bridge street do. 
Roberts, W. E.712 G street S. E.Washington. 
Ross, William H.1019 F street N. W do. 
Samson, George C.2419 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W._ do. 
Schaeffer, E M1115 F street N. W do. 
Scholl, Joseph615 D street N. W do. 
Sellhausen, E. A.636 G street N. W do. 
■ Sheckell, A. B.Masonic HallGeorgetown. 
Smith, Thomas C1133 12th street N. W.Washington. 
Southworth, R. J75 High streetGeorgetown. 
Sothoron, J. T.1919 I street N. W Washington. 
Sowers, Z. T.1324 New York Avenue N. W. do. 
Stanton, J. O1344 G st. N. W do. 
Suddarth, J. L.2 I street N. E. do. 
Taylor, W. H.619 Massachusetts Avenue N. W. do. 
Tarkington, A. J217 D street N. W. do. 
Thompson, J. F.1000 9th street N. W. do. 
Thompson, Jr., J. H1303 H streets N. W. do. 
Toner, J. M 615 Louisiana Avenue N. W. do. 
Townshend, Smith213 44 street N. W. do. 
Tree, C. M514 12th street N. W. do. 
25 26 
Triplett, W. H. 1019 F street N. WWashington. 
Tyler, Grafton 135 Washington streetGeorgetown. 
Tyler, W. B.135 " " do. 
Tyson, Samuel E.166 High street do. 
Waggaman, S. J.477 Pennsylvania Avenue N. WWashington. 
Walsh, John K 1111 13th street N. W. do. , 
Walsh, Joseph " 11 " " do. 
Walsh, R. S. L326 C street N. W do. 
Walter, John1010 F street N. W do. 
Ward, W. W. 1931 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W._ do. 
Wells, Walter S1222 F street N. W do. 
Winter, John T.1613 10th street N. W. do. 
Wise, Thomas W 725 1st street N. W do. 
Williamson, A. M486 F street S. W. do. 
Wolhaupter, D. P.801 H street N. W. do. 
Woodbury, H. E.912 12th street N. W. do. 
Yarrow, H. C.920 14th street N. W. do. 
Young, James T 1336 New York Avenue N. W. do. 
Young, Noble 344 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W do. 
Young, Wm. P. Corner 8th and F streets N. W. do. 
Young, P. G 1258 8th street N. W. do. 
Associate Members, 
Adams, A. W. Corner 17th and H streets N. W.__ Washington. 
Eliot, J. L. 510 E street N. W do. 
Flood, P. H928 4th street N. W do. 
French, R. D. De L.1336 T street N. W do. 
Hood, T. B 1009 O street N. W do. 
Lawver, W. P.1912 I street N. W. do. 
Rand, C. T 1003 K street N. W. do. 
Johnston, G. F. 420 6th street N. W. do. 
Van Arnum, J. W.1403 Q street N. W do.