WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, 
Chicago, Ills., iSgz-’gj. 
WAR DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT, 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY. 
No. 1. 
DKSCRIF’T'ION 
OF THE 
MODELS OF HOSPITALS. 
DIRECTION OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL, U. S. A. 
LOUIS A. LA GARDE, 
ASSISTANT SURGEON, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
CHICAGO, ILLS. 
i892-’93. WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, 
Chicago, Ills., iSqz-’yj. 
WAR DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT. 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY. 
No. 1. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE 
MODELS OF HOSPITALS 
DIRECTION OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL, U. S. A. 
LOUIS A. LA GARDE, 
JN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DESARTMENT, U. S. A. 
ASSISTANT SURGEON, U. S. A., 
CHICAGO, ILLS. 
1892-93. WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, 
Chicago, Illinois, i892-’93. 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. UNITED STATES ARMY. 
Descriptions of Models of Hospitals. 
I.—Model of Bbick Regulation U. S. A. Hospital, foe 24 Beds. 
This model, which was constructed by Mr. Charles Seltman, of Wash- 
ington, D. C., is, including the base, 4 feet 7 inches long by 3 feet 2 
inches wide, and was made on a scale of half an inch to the foot. It 
shows a quarter section of the building made in accordance with plans 
and specifications contained in appendix to Circular 10, War Depart- 
ment, S. G. 0., October 20, 1888. 
The hospital consists of a central administration building arranged 
with two wards as wings, and a separate building in the rear contain- 
ing kitchen, dining-room, isolation ward, and attendants’ quarters. 
Each ward will be 42 feet 1 inch long by 24 feet 4 inches wide inside, 
and 14 feet high in the clear from floor to ceiling. For very cold 
climates the height may be reduced to 12 feet. 
In all cases the ground floor must be raised at least 18 inches from 
the ground; and in warm climates and malarious regions it should be 
at least 3 feet above the ground. 
The administration building will be 42 feet 10 inches by 42 feet 6 
inches, with cellar, two stories, and an attic. The first floor is divided 
into four rooms by two halls, one 7 feet 6 inches, the other 6 feet wide, 
running from front to rear and from ward to ward. The two front 
rooms are used, one for an office, the other for a dispensary; the rear 
rooms, one for waiting-room, the other for bath-room and water-closets. 
The second floor has a store-room and four attendants’ rooms. 
The rear building is 47 feet 6 inches by 21 feet, and consists of cellar 
and first and second floors. On the first floor is the dining-room, pan- 
try and kitchen; on the second floor, the isolation ward, bath-room, and 
attendant’s room. The administration and rear buildings are connected 
by a covered passage-way 6 feet wide, and the entire administration 4 
building and its two wings are surrounded by a veranda 10 feet wide, 
except along the rear of the administration building, where the veranda 
is only 6 feet wide. 
All exterior walls of cellars and foundations of wards and adminis- 
tration buildings to be 21 inches thick. All exterior walls of wards to 
be hollow; 9-inch exterior shell, 2-inch air space, 4-inch inner shell and 
1-inch plastering, making a total thickness of 16 inches; the air space 
to be made as nearly air-tight as possible. 
The steam-heating apparatus, located in the cellar of the rear build- 
ing, from which the heat is distributed through the rear building and 
under the floor of the covered passage-way to the main building, is one 
horizontal tubular steam boiler, 9 feet long, 36 inches in diameter, con- 
taining 30 tubes 2% inches in diameter and 9 feet long. 
The method of heating, as shown on the model, is by indirect radia- 
tion for the wards, and direct radiation for other rooms. The radiators 
are constructed of one-inch wrought-iron pipe. The indirect radiators 
are enclosed in galvanized-iron chambers. Each chamber is fitted with 
cast-iron doors, one above and one below the radiators. From these ra- 
diators flues of galvanized iron open into the wards, the heating cham- 
ber being supplied through galvanized-iron ducts, which are fitted with 
damper and rod for controlling the supply of cold air. The movement 
of air is effected by aspiration chimneys for the wards and by open fire- 
places and chimney flues for other rooms. 
The model shows the position of main flow and return pipes. These 
vary in size according to the size of the wards. All the exposed main 
and return pipes in the basement are covered with |-inch asbestos- 
lined hair felting with two thicknesses of heavy manila paper and 10- 
ounce canvas. An automatic self-acting air valve is placed on each in- 
direct radiator and at the foot of each return riser. All condensation 
from the heating apparatus is returned to the boiler by gravitation 
without the use of steam traps. 
2.—Model of the Regulation U. S. A. Post Hospital of 24 Beds 
This model was constructed by Mr. Charles Seltman, of Washington, 
D. C., on a scale of half an inch to the foot. It is, including the base, 
7 feet 2 inches long by 4 feet 5 inches wide, and has been built in 
exact accordance with the plans and specifications contained in Circular 
No. 10, War Department, Surgeon-General’s Office, October 20, 1877 
(rendered authoritative by General Orders No. 98, Headquarters of the 
Army, Adjutant-General’s Office, Washington, October 20, 1877), from 
which the following description has been taken ; Front Elevation. 
DRAWING OF THE MODEL OP THE REGULATION U. S. A. POST HOSPITAL OP 24 BEDS. 
PLATE A. YeTwnzicv 10'xiride. 
YeTanzLcv B'xvule. 
YevaruLcv 8 'xirixle. 
VeTorvcUv 10' xaicLe. 
APPROVED PLAN 
FOR A 
REGULATION POST HOSPITAL 
OF 24 BEDS OR 12 BEDS. 
FIRST-STORY PLAN. 
PLATE B. APPROVED PLAN 
FOR A 
REGULATION POST HOSPITAL 
OF 24 BEDS OR 12 BEDS. 
SECOND-STORY PLAN. 
PLATE C. 8 
1.—Approved Plan for a Regulation Post Hospital for 24 Beds. 
“ This hospital consists of a central administration building and two 
wards arranged as wings. 
“The wing for each ward will be 45 feet 8 inches long by 25 feet 4 
inches wide and 15 feet high in the clear from floor to ceiling. For very 
cold climates the height may be reduced to 12 feet, in which case the 
length will be increased to 50 feet. 
“Attached to each ward, and at the outer end and behind, will be a 
room for earth closets, as shown in the plans. 
“ The administration building will be 36 feet 4 inches front by 40 
feet 4 inches deep, and two stories high, with a back building 43 feet 
8 inches by 15 feet 4 inches. Each story of this building will be 13 feet 
high from floor to ceiling. 
“A veranda 10 feet wide will surround the hospital, as shown in 
plans. 
“In hot climates the wards will be detached from main building, re- 
maining connected with it by the veranda only, which will thus entirely 
surround the ward. (The ward on the left hand side of model has been 
so detached. See drawing, Plate A.) The back building will be sep- 
arated in like manner. 
“ The plan of the first floor, the designations and dimensions of rooms, 
and the positions of doors, chimneys, windows, and beds are shown on 
Plate B, the plan and dimensions of the second floor on Plate C. (For 
front elevation of building see Plate A.) All of the exterior walls will 
be rough boarded, with inch boarding, well nailed, on which will be laid 
a covering of tar paper or felt. A cistern out of dressed stuff, 
dovetailed and strongly put together with lead, will be put over ceiling, 
when directed, 5 by 5 by 2 feet deep, supplied by a pump in sunk cis- 
tern through a pipe. The roofs of verandas will be trimmed with 
best roofing tin. A2oby 8 inch galvanized-iron ventilating pips, for 
ventilation of ward, running between joists, open under floor of veranda, 
having 2 regulating registers at ends of pipe. On the centre of 
this pipe, on the upper surface, should be an opening 20 inches square 
corresponding with a similar opening in the floor of the ward, over 
which a jacketed stove may be placed. 
“In all cases the ground floor must be raised at least 18 inches from 
the ground. On the Gulf coast and in Arizona the wards will not be 
ceiled and will have ridge ventilation their whole length. (The left- 
hand ward in the model has been thus constructed.) 
“ At all posts where continuous artificial heat is required for three 
months in the year, the walls will be ceiled and have boxed openings 9 
carried from the centre of the ceiling to the ridge for summer ventila- 
tion. There will be two of these openings, each 10 feet long by 2|- feet 
wide, and 10 feet apart, each fitted below with lattice work and above 
with movable shutters. (The right-hand ward in the model has been 
so constructed.) A ventilating shaft 6 inches square will be placed in 
each earth-closet room, and the lamp or gas burner of this room should 
be directly beneath this shaft.” 
3.—Model of the Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C 
This is a block model, on the scale of 30 feet to the inch, and repre- 
sents the arrangements of the wards and other buildings of this hospi- 
tal, of which the following description was furnished by Surgeon J. C. 
McKee, IT. S. A., who was for a long time in charge: 
Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C., is located about a mile east of the Capitol 
building. Its site is a gently-undulating, uncultivated plain, without shade-trees. 
East and south of the hospital, the plain declines toward the Eastern Branch of the 
Potomac, which is about half a mile distant. The soil is a light, sandy loam, rest- 
ing on a deep stratum of gravel. The hospital covers an area of thirty acres of 
ground, and consists of twenty detached pavilion wards, arranged “en echelon” 
in the shape of the letter V, the apex of which looks westwardly. The administra- 
tion building is at the apex of the Y. The buildings for kitchen, dining-rooms, 
etc., are in the space between the two sides of the letter. The whole is surrounded 
by a picket-fence, five feet high, between which and the wards is a wide road for 
ambulances. (See Figure 1.) 
The Wards are pavilion barracks, built of rough boards, white-washed, with 
roofs of boards covered with tarred paper; they are 20 in number, 10 on each wing. 
Each ward is 187 feet by 24, 16 feet to the eaves and 20 to the ridge, at which there 
is the usual ridge-ventilation the whole length of the ward. They are plastered on 
the inside for about 8 feet above the floor. At the west end of each are 4 rooms, 
occupying 15 feet in length. These are used for clothing, baths, nurses, and sinks. 
Each ward contains 34 windows and 4 doors, one at each end and two in the middle, 
opposite each other. Four ventilating gratings, at regular distances in the floor of 
the ward, communicate by wooden flues under the floor with the air outside, thus 
giving a full supply of fresh air whenever the weather requires the doors and win- 
dows to be closed. With 62 patients, there are 72 square feet of floor and 1447 cubic 
feet of air-space for each. Thirty-one beds are arranged on each side, with a chair 
and bed-side table between each pair. An avenue of 11 feet is left between the two 
rows of beds. The wards are lighted at night by kerosene lamps, and heated by 
stoves in winter. On the inner side of the two wings of the hospital, and running 
the whole length of each, is a raised covered walk or corridor, on which is laid a 
railway track 2 feet wide and 2156 feet long. Box-cars convey the food from the 
main and extra kitchens to each ward. 
The Administration building, at the apex of the triangle, is 184 by 38 feet, 22 feet 
to the ridge and 16 to the eaves. A hall, 8 feet wide, runs the entire length of the 
first floor. On the left side of the hall are the following rooms: office of surgeon 
in charge, 14 by 14; office of military assistant, 11 by 14 (employs two clerks) ; 
principal office, 56 by 14 (employs fourteen clerks); printing office, 19 by 14 (em- 
ploys two men); quartermaster’s store-room for clothing, etc., 44 by 14 (employs 
two clerks) ; wardmaster’s room, 13)- by 14 ; bath-room, 4f by 14 ; post-office, 7by 
14 (employs a postmaster and assistant). On the other side of the hall, and on the 
right of the entrance door, are the office of the officer of the day, 15 by 14 ; office 
of the officer of the guard, 11 by 14 (four clerks) ; office of surgical records, 11 by 14 
(one clerk); private office of surgeon in charge, 12J by 14; office of medical in- 
spector, 11 by 14 ; linen-room, 66 by 14; all washed clothing and bed-linen is sent 10 
from the laundry to this room, and thence distributed to the different wardmasters; 
one clerk and four women are employed here, the latter in mending, etc. The 
medical store-room, 11 by 14, adjoins the dispensary, and is used for storing sup- 
plies. The dispensary, 25 by 14, usually employs four men ; the medicines for the 
whole hospital are compounded here, under the charge of a hospital steward. 
Lastly, the laboratory, which adjoins the dispensary, is 22 by 14 feet, used for pre- 
paring tinctures, ointments, plasters, etc. 
On the second floor of the administration building is the knapsack-room, 111 by 
37 feet. The effects, accoutrements, etc., of the patients coming into the hospital 
are deposited in this room for safe keeping. It employs two men, who receive the 
articles deposited, issue tickets for the same, credit them to depositors, and deliver 
them when the patients leave. There are 2184 boxes, arranged in parallel rows, 
reaching from the floor to the ceiling. Adjoining the knapsack-room is the extra- 
duty men’s room, 50 by 37 feet, used as a sleeping-room by the men employed on 
extra duty, and a clerk’s room, 25 by 23 feet, used by the clerks of the principal 
office for the same purpose. 
Within the triangle formed by the two wings, and east of the administration 
building, is the Tank, resting upon a platform 25 feet high, and holding 12,000 
gallons of water. It is supplied from a well under the engine-room, and the water 
forced into it by the engine, which drives the machinery of the laundry. This 
tank supplies each ward with water by means of pipes. There are four other wells 
in the enclosure, used for drinking, and culinary purposes. 
Twenty yards east of the tank is the Laundry, 61 by 24 feet. The building runs 
east and west, is two stories high, and has a platform for drying clothes on the roof. 
Seven men and twelve women are employed in its various departments. The wash- 
ing is done by steam-power, as is also the drying and ironing. The average wash 
is 5000 pieces daily—has been pushed to 7000. On the first floor of the laundry is 
the washing apparatus, consisting of a mangle, steam-boiler, revolving drum for 
wringing, rinsing-boxes, roller and ironing table; on the second floor is the steam 
drying-room, 36 by 12h feet. This is in addition to the drying arrangements on the 
roof. Separated by a partition from the laundry, on the first floor, is a sleeping- 
room for women, 22 by 24 feet; a kitchen for the same, by 17; a dining-room, 
9J by 18. The engine is in a building adjoining the laundry on the east; it is of 
six-horse power, and employs one engineer and an assistant. It supplies power for 
the tank as well as for the laundry. The well which supplies the tank is 40 feet 
deep, with usually 4 feet of water; its diameter is 6 feet. The steam pump can 
raise 2000 gallons of water per hour. 
The building for Sisters' Quarters is 23 by 51 feet, with a wing 16 by 28, forming 
a letter “ L.” It is divided into chapel, sitting-room, kitchen, etc. Twenty-eight 
Sisters of Charity were on dirty, and I must bear evidence to their efficiency and 
superiority as nurses. The extra-diet kitchen is under the care of a sister, and one 
is detailed by the superior for each ward. They administer medicine, diet, and 
stimulants, are under the orders of the ward surgeon, and are responsible to him 
alone. They have been beloved and respected by the men. 
The Stewards' Quarters are 18 feet north of the engine-room, are two stories high 
—contain dining-room, kitchen, sleeping-rooms, etc. Five stewards generally oc- 
cupied this building. 
The Operating-room is 25 feet east of the engine-room. It is 17 feet square, and 
lighted by a skylight on the north side of the roof. A revolving table is in the 
centre of the room; also a cupboard for instruments, sponges, microscope, etc., 
with a sink in the northwest corner. The Examining-room adjoining it is 17 feet 7 
inches square, and communicates by a door with the operating-room. 
The Extra-diet Kitchen is under the same roof with the general kitchen. It is 18 
by 24 feet—has in it a Harrison’s European range, 8 feet front, 3 feet 6 inches deep. 
A room 18 by 12 feet adjoins on the south. This kitchen is under the supervision 
of a sister, who is generally assisted by from four to six men. 
The Main Kitchen is 77 by 24 feet. It contains a cooking-range, 28 feet 10 
inches long and 3 feet 2 inches wide; also three of “Peters’ and Johnson’s bake- 
ovens or roasters,” two boilers for tea and coffee, each with a capacity of 120 gallons, 
five boilers or cauldrons for soup or hash (60 gallons each), and two for heating 
water, (one 60 gallons, the other 22 gallons). Full diet is prepared here for all the 
men in the hospital. ®"ig. I.—Ground Plan of Lincoln General Hospital, Washington, D. C. Scale, 200 feet to the inch. 1, Admin- 
istration building. 222 2, Wards. 33, Dining-rooms. 4, Kitchen. 5, Laundry. 6, Stewart’s quarters. 7, Sis- 
ters’ quarters. 8, Engine-house. 9, Meat-house. 10, Coal-house. 11, Commissary building. 12, Sutler. 
13, Chapel. 14, Stable. 15, Freedmen’s quarters. 16, Guard-house. 17, Dead-house. 18, Barracks for guard. 
19, 20, Officers’ quarters. 21, Covered way. 22, Tank. 12 
On either side of the kitchen, opening from it north and south, are the Dining- 
rooms, each 146 by 24 feet, with three tables running the whole length of each, 
capable of seating in all 860 men. At the distal end of each room a door opens on 
a corridor and raised walk, so that the patients are protected from the weather in 
coming to their meals. Cars, with cans fitted in them, are run around the corridors 
to the several wards with the food for those unable to come to the dining-room. 
On the northwest corner of the kitchen is a room 30 feet long, 14 feet wide, and 
10 feet high, used for washing dishes, roasting coffee, etc. From 40 to £0 men are 
usually employed in the various departments of the kitchen. 
Opposite the centre of the northern dining-room and distant to the west 30 feet, 
is the Fire-Engine and Hose-House, 26 by 20 feet—contains one fire-engine, three 
hose-carriages, carrying 1850 feet of hose, 34 ladders, 22 hooks, 278 axes, and 300 
buckets. 
Thirteen feet south of the kitchen is the Meat-shop, 14£ by 23. In its centre is an 
ice-box, by 144, and 4 feet deep, lined with zinc. The allowance of ice per day 
is one pound for each man. 
East of the kitchen, and connected by a covered way, is the Commissary Building, 
which is two stories high ; the upper story is used to lodge attendants; the lower 
story, used for commissary store-room, is 82 by 234, and is under a commissary 
steward. In the northeastern corner is the liquor-room, 8| by 13, heavily planked 
and secured against marauders. All liquor is issued here on the orders of the ward 
surgeons. The vegetable room is in the northwestern corner, and is 9by 134. An 
office, 9by 15%, adjoins the liquor-room. The books and accounts are kept in this 
office. The store-room is provided with a counter 524 feet long, and gives employ- 
ment to one steward, one clerk, and two men. At the southern end is the bread- 
room, 141 by 23, which employs two men cutting bread for the tables. Adjoining, 
on the east, is the bakery, 14 by 23£. The oven is 10 by 16 feet. 
The Chapel is situated 63 feet east of the commissary bxiilding. It is a structure 
shaped like the letter “ T,” one story in height, with a cupola on top. The main 
building is 24 by 78 feet. The northern end is used during the week as a reading- 
room. The left wing, 18 by 26 feet, is used as a library ; it contains 3,000 volumes, 
contributed to the hospital from various sources. The right wing is the same size, 
and is used as a school for the freedmen employed in the hospital, who are in- 
structed by two female teachers. 
Twenty-four feet south of the chapel is the Sutler's Store, 24by 68. The Stables, 
25 by 101, are 72 feet east of the suttler’s shop ; they contain 18 horses, 3 wagons, 3 
ambulances, 3 carts, and 1 night-cart. Thirteen men are employed as hostlers, 
drivers, etc. One hundred and twenty-one feet northeast of the stables is the Guard- 
House, 15 by 47 and one story high. South of this are the Oil-Room and Freedmen's 
Quarters, 29 by 69 feet. The oil and lamp room is in the northern part. Kerosene 
oil was used in lighting the whole hospital, and all the lamps were filled and 
trimmed in this room. A corporal and two men were employed. Ninety-one feet 
southeast of the oil-room is the Dead-House, 15 by 40 feet. It is divided into two 
rooms—the northern one used in making post-mortem examinations, and the south- 
ern for plaster-casts, etc. Thirty-two feet south of this room is the Photographic 
Gallery, 16 by 24 feet. An operator is employed at SIOO per month, paid from the 
slush fund. Surgical cases, pathological specimens, etc., are taken; also likenesses 
of all men discharged on surgeon’s certificate of disability, as a guard against fraud. 
On the base line of the triangle are the Medical Officers' Quarters, 63 by 24 and two 
stories in height; also, in the same line, the quarters for the Veteran Reserve Corps, 
a building two stories high, with an outside entrance-stairway to the second floor. 
Ninety feet further back, 100 hospital tents are pitched, placed four end to end, on 
substantial frames, with floors raised from the ground and a door at each end of the 
frame. The sides of these tents were always easily raised, and gave the best of 
ventilation; hence I selected some of them as gangrene-wards, and, I think, with 
the very best results. In winter, each ward was heated by two stoves, with pipes 
running to a shaft in the centre. Each ward of four tents contained 20 beds. The 
length of the fence around the hospital is 1458 yards. The distance of the fence 
from the tents at the base of the triangle is 124 feet. Sinks were arranged around the 
whole line of fence. They had movable boxes, which were regularly emptied and 
limed. Policing was done by a gang of about 20 freedmen. The hospital could 
accommodate 1240 patients in the 20 barrack wards. Its total capacity in January, 13 
1865, was 2575 beds, including those in tents and the branch barracks, a short dis- 
tance otf. 
This hospital was opened December 23, 1862, and closed August 22, 1865. Dur- 
ing this period the movements of patients were as follows : 
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Deducting those sent to general hospital as cases not terminated, and considering 
that furloughed and deserted amounted to 4686, while only 3565 of these are re- 
ported as returned from furlough and desertion, we shall have the following statis- 
tics for the terminated cases of white troops treated : 
Total to be accounted for, excluding those sent to other hospitals, 10,817; of 
whom 6339 were returned to duty, 852 mustered out of service at the close of the 
war, 1121 lost by desertion and failure to return from furlough, 1053 discharged for 
disability, 392 transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, and 1060 died. 
4.—Model of the Mower Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 
This is a block-model on the scale of 30 feet to the inch. The fol- 
lowing description is condensed from an inspection report by Medical 
Inspector John L. Le Conte, IT. S. A.: 
The Mower Hospital is situated on an elevated plateau in the village of Chestnut 
Hill, about 9 miles north of the city of Philadelphia. It is on the eastern side of the 
railroad, and trains from Philadelphia pass every two hours. The total capacity of 
the hospital is 3600 beds. 
It is constructed of wood in the best manner, lined with smooth planks on the 
inside, and lathed and plastered on the outside. It consists of 50 pavilions, radiat- 
ing from a corridor of a rectangular form, with rounded angles. The corridor is 16 
feet wide and 2400 feet long, enclosing a space of 7 acres. The Administration 
Building is located in the centre of the enclosed space. This building is connected 
with the wards by a transverse corridor. (See Pig. 2.) 
A third corridor connects the entrance to the hospital with the administration 
building, thus dividing the enclosure into three sections. Within the enclosure are 
the chapel and Bible-class room, laboratory, carpenter’s shop, dining-room for at- 
tendants, boiler-room, general and extra-diet kitchen, butcher’s-honse, milk-house, 
operating-room, and dead-house, guard-house, and sutler’s shop. 
In the rear and on each side of the hospital are two buildings, each in the form of 
the letter L, and each connected with body of hospital by means of a corridor. 
One-half of the one located on the northeastern extremity of hospital is used as a 
barracks for convalescents. The lower floor of the other half is occupied by the 
Quartermaster''s and Medical Purveyor's stores, while the upper floor is used for 
offices and quarters of officers of Veteran Reserve Corps. 
One-half of the other L-shaped building, which is situated in the northwestern 
extremity of the hospital, is used as barracks for non-commissioned officers and pri- 14 
vates of the Veteran Reserve Corps, the other half as a dining-room for the occu- 
pants of both barracks. 
Forty-seven of the pavilions are used as wards for patients. Each pavilion is 175 
feet long, 20 feet wide, 13 feet high to the eaves, and 19 feet to the ridge. The 
Dining-room at the entrance to each ward is 10 by 20 feet; the Scullery adjoining, 
Bby 10 feet. At the opposite end of building is a ward-master’s room 10 by 12 feet, 
a Wash-room 8 by 10 feet, Water-closet 12 by 6 feet, and in an adjoining building, 
10 by 12 feet, a Bath-room. 
The ward proper is 150 by 20 feet. Each ward contains 61 beds. The officers 
are located in the Administration building, on the first floor. In addition to those 
belonging to the surgeon in charge, there is an executive office and an office for the 
transaction of the general business of the hospital. 
Adjoining the general office is the dispensary, 14| by 60 feet, with a Store-room in 
the rear, 29 by 30 feet. Opposite the general office is the Medical Officers' mess-room, 
14 by 79 feet. 
The second story is divided into 32 rooms, used as quarters for Medical Officers. 
The Operating-room is in a separate building, 25 by 40 feet, situated to the right 
of the corridor connecting the entrance with the administration building. This 
building is divided into two rooms. The rear room is a lecture-room, containing 
seats for 100 persons, where all operations are performed. This room contains 
closets for instruments, dressings, Ac., and the medical library and patholo’gical 
cabinet of the hospital. The front room, 13 by 25 feet, is used as a Dead-house, 
and contains all the conveniences for post-mortem examinations, and a vault 8 feet 
long, 4 feet wide, and 12 feet deep, with windlass and dumb-waiter, for the recep- 
tion of deceased soldiers preparatory to their burial. 
Near the operating room is the Guard-house, which is strongly built, and contains 
a room 20 by 15 feet, for the guards, and six small cells for prisoners ; it is also pro- 
vided with a water-closet. Alongside of the guard-house is the Sutler's shop, 16 by 
50 feet, connecting by a passage way with the main corridor. 
The pavilion to the right of the entrance is divided into 3 rooms; the front and 
largest is used as a Knapsack-room; the two smaller ones are used by the band. 
The pavilion on the left of the entrance is two stories high. On the lower floor is 
the reception-room, mess-room for stewards, closets, &c., and the Laundry. The 
second story is used as a Barracks for Attendants. The pavilion next on the left 
of this is used for the commissary stores, bread-room, and quarters for stewards. 
On the left of corridor connecting the entrance with the administration building 
is the General Kitchen, 30 by 110 feet. It contains three large-sized hotel ranges, 
and three London kitcheners, eight double-jacketed steam kettles for soup, and 
three large-sized cooking-stoves. At one end of the kitchen is the steward’s room 
and pantry, and the other the surgeon’s kitchen. In the rear of the general kitchen 
is the boiler-room, 29 by 29| feet, containing two large boilers, a steam force-pump 
and fire-engine. On the left of the general kitchen is a large Dining-room, 150 by 
30 feet, for attendants, the Carpenter's shop, 20 by 50 feet, and the Chapel, 60 by 75 
feet, the latter connected with main corridor by means of a passage way. The 
chapel is used as a Reading-room by the patients during wreek-days, and contains a 
Library of 2400 books. In the rear of the chapel is a Bible-class room, 25 by 30 
feet. 
In the angle formed by the union of main corridor with corridor leading from 
chapel are the Post-office and Barber shop. To the right of the corridor connecting 
entrance with the administration building is the extra-diet Kitchen, 30 by 30 feet, 
containing one large London kitchener complete. The Milk-house and Butcher shop 
are also on the right of the corridor. 
The supply of water is received from the Chestnut Hill water-works into four 
large tanks, in the second story of the administration building, capable of holding 
18,000 gallons each, and into two large tanks at the junction of the transverse with 
the main corridor, which hold 15,000 gallons each. 
The sewerage consists of two large drains, one extending around the outside of 
the hospital, which is a brick culvert 20 by 30 inches in diameter, into which the 
water-closets, wash-rooms, and bath-rooms of the wards empty. The second runs 
outside of the corridor but within the enclosure, and is a drain of terra-cotta pipe 
14 inches in diameter, which carries off the waste water from the sculleries of the 15 
wards. Emptying into this smaller drain are others leading from the different 
buildings of the hospital. Both these drains unite at the southeastern extemity of 
the hospital, forming one large sewer, which empties its liquid contents into a creek 
distant from hospital half-a-mile. The solid contents of sewer are removed once 
every four months. 
The hospital is ventilated by the “ridge” method, and by square holes through 
the sides of the wards flush with the floor. It is heated by coal stoves, and lighted 
by gas. 
The hospital is well supplied with all necessary apparatus for subduing fire. The 
enclosure is divided into four districts, and each district and ward is connected with 
the administration building by means of a telegraph. In case of fire, the alarm is 
struck by pulling the wire in the corridor, the bell striking the number correspond- 
ing with the number of the district in which the fire exists. 
There is one hose-carriage in each fire quarter, and each district is well supplied 
with hose, fire-buckets, fire-axes, and ladders. A well organized fire-brigade exists 
in the hospital, the members of which are drilled regularly three times a week. 
The tanks inside of the corridor and outside within the enclosure are constantly 
kept filled with water. 
This hospital was opened December 24, 1862, and closed November 14, 1865. 
During this period the movements of patients were as follows: 
White troops 
Colored troops 
Total 
CC -3 
h-> 1 fcO CO 
50 1 tO —3 
Sick. 
Admitted. 
o I o 
c 1 q 
1 -3 —3 
Wounded. 
to 1 to 
H-* H-* 
00 CC 
—3 I ZC CO 
CO 1 CO 
Total. 
j£ 1 I £ Returned froin furlough and de- | 
1 ; 25 sertion. 
26291 
39 
j26330 
Aggregate. 
o I o 
o 1 o 
00 1 bO Ci 
Returned to duty. 
w 
H 
03 
d 
t* 
Ha 
CO 
M I M 
§ S Mustered out. 
O 1 f—1 cO 
1 gc Sent to other general 
1 gj i hospitals. 
£*■ I ; 
g j ■ g Furloughed. 
:j: I ; rXl ! Transferred to Vet- 
g j : fi ■ eran Reserve Corps. 
§ 1 h« ! Discharged. 
S 1 I s 
co ; co 
Oi l • Cn 
Deserted. 
o? 1 Died of Disease. 
H-* 1 CO GO 
2 j j Died of wounds. 
Deducting those sent to other general hospitals as cases not terminated, and con- 
sidering that the furloughed and deserted amounted to 6194, while only 4457 of 
these are reported as having returned, we shall have the following statistics for the 
terminated cases of white troops treated : 
Total to be accounted for, excluding those sent to other hospitals. 16,956; of 
whom 10,106 were returned to duty, 1989 mustered out of service at the close of 
the war, 1737 lost by failure to return from furlough and desertion, 1937 discharged 
for disability, 865 transferred to the Veteran Deserve Corps, and 322 died. 
s.—Hospital Tents. 
The field hospital of the moving army consists of one hospital tent 
for a dispensary tent; one hospital tent for a squad tent; one hospital 
tent for a mess tent; two hospital tents for the reception of the sick ; 
one common tent for a cook tent; one common tent for the medical 
officer ; one common tent for water-closet. The new field outfit for the 
Medical Department is displayed in the ward, mess, dispensary, and 
cook tents, for a detailed list of which see the standard supply table. i IG. 2. Ground Plan of Mower Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Scale, 195 feet to the Inch. 1111, Wards. 2, Reception-room, laundry, &c. 
In the building between this and 12 is the kitchen, &c. 3, Knapsack-room, band quarters &c 4, Store-rooms, &c. 5, Operating-room 
6, Butcher’s shop 7, Guard-house. 8, Boilers, coal, &c. 9, Sutler. 10, Carpenter’s shop. 11, Chapel. 12. Administration building. 
13, Ice-house. 14,15, Railroad depots. 10,17, Corridors. 18,18, L-sliaped buildings used as barracks, store-rooms, &c.