>@3*$3lBge* % ^MARKS' PATENT AETinCUUi USB WITH INDIA RUBBER HANDS AND FEET. CENTRAL OFFICE AND MANUFACTORY, No. 575 BRO^lDW-A. T, NEW YORK CITY, DIRECTLY OPPOSITE THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL. COMMISSIONED BY THE SURGEON-GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY, TO FURNISH ARTIFICIAL LIMBS TO SOLDIERS, FREE OP CHARGE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOM- MENDATIONS OF A BOARD OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. .ik I. *" V 1 3) UjvJ WILLIAM B. SMYTH, JOB AND CARD PRINTER, 4 NEW CHAMBERS STREET. 1867. -SS*|gle^fi»- -g3*$gle®**g~< \,slE Much is said by the manufacturers of the complicated styles of Artificial Legs about the Rubber Feet being heavier than the wooden ones, and thereupon they try to make a great ado about it. The facts are these: The Rubber Feet are of them- selves a trifle heavier than some kinds of the wooden feet; but, bear in mind that the Rubber Feet require no IRON HINGES, BOLTS, CORDS, GLASS BALLS, SCREWS, or any of the paraphernalia whatever used in the ankle- jointed trappings, in hitching their wooden feet to their legs. This machinery adds weight, as all must know. In many cases where I have removed their wooden feet, and applied my Patent Rubber ones in their places, 1 have found, by weighing before and after, that the weight of the limb was reduced from one to six ounces by the change. My Patent Artificial Legs, with the India Rubber Feet, weigh from three to six pounds each, depending upon the weight and occupation of the persons who are to wear them, and the Artificial Legs of my Patent average to be some lighter and much stronger than those made as above stated, with their superfluous appendages. WlWm F1.1MI1M 4@4IW 111 The Thirty-seventh Annual Fair of the American Institute closed Oct. 26th, 1867, at which time the announcement of the Prizes were publicly made by the Chairman of the Board of Managers from the speakers stand in the center of the main Hall. Before reading the list and as introductory thereto, in con- nection with the awards, the following declaration was made which accords with the present By-Laws of the Institute. " The Board of Managers have determined to elevate the standard of excellence in articles on exhibition by declining to give the FIRST PREMIUM to any article, unless it was pronounced by competent judges, of great utility, and equal or superior to any like article known to them, WHETHER ON EXHIBI- TION OR NOT! ! ! " Thus it is plainly seen that the Judges were required to cover the whole field of their knowledge in their investigations, and in selecting gentlemen of such high standing, and vast experience as Judges, makes the award pre-eminently the most important ever rendered in this branch of invention. (The following report of the Judges speaks for itself) No. 238. Marks' Patent Artificial Limbs, have fre- quently been before the Institute, and continue to sus- tain their former reputation. Professor A. K. Gardiner, J. C. V. Smith, J. J. Craven, M. D., Judges. The First Premium was consequently awarded, thereby in- dorsing and confirming the action of the eminent Judges at the last Institute Fair, " 1865 " and at the same time agree- ing with the vast numbers who have Sought, Found, Tried, and Proved by Stern experience, the great supe- riority of these Artificial Limbs. MARKS' PATENT AMtlftitM* &1HSS, WITH INDIA RUBBER HANDS AND FEET. CENTRAL OFFICE AND MANUFACTORY, No. 575 BUO^DW-A. Y, NEW YORK CITY, DIRECTLY OPPOSITE THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL. BY THE SURGEON-GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY, TO FURNISH ARTIFICIAL LIMBS TO SOLDIERS. FREE OF CHARGE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOM- MENDATIONS OF A BOARD OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. WILLIAM B. SMYTH, JOB AND CARD PRINTER, 4 NEW CHAMBERS STREET. 1867. TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: My views of the requirements of an Artificial Leg are: First, ease and comfort in walking Second, a natural motion, lightness, elasticity and stillness, com- bined with a graceful step. Third, reliance, stability, firmness and durability. In all these respects I claim that my Artificial Legs, with my patented India Rubber Foot, are pre-eminent. The leg is, in the first place, made to fit the stump so perfectly as to give the greatest ease and comfort to the wearer, while it operates with perfect freedom, firm- ness and elasticity. Thus all of these indispensable ob- jects are attained, without that complicated mass of ma- chinery resorted to in other Artificial Legs. In fact, there is no machinery whatever (that is, what is usually called machinery). This fact makes the leg unequalled in point of durability by any similar invention yet pre- sented to the public. In giving a description of my legs it does not require a mass of words, nor a complicated description of them to make the most ordinary mind realize and appreciate their intrinsic value, and the process by which I was led to adopt and develop my late inventions. Their 4 various and many advantages over all others now in use, will be apparent when the following facts are fully weighed. It has been well understood among all inventors and manufacturers of Artificial Legs, that there was something required to improve the foot and ankle, and give more universal and less direct motion. This was needed to obviate that jerking, clapping, snapping and rattling noise, and unnatural and exceedingly unpleasant sound, both to wearers and others, so frequently heard, and by which Artificial Leg wearers might be heard and ob- served from other persons at some distance in the street or moving about the house. Some have sought the re- moval of this difficulty in one way, and some others, but most inventors have, in trying to avoid the difficulty, but added to it. By multiplying machinery of various kinds, although aiming to get rid of worse than useless motions, they have added complication to complication, by their many cords and springs which have a tendency to please the unexperienced while the limb is new and unused, but invariably displeases them soon as a little wear brings the machinery to a test, and not only warns the wearer of the instability of his substitute by its many unreliable and uncontrolable gyrations, and un- pleasant sounds, but annoys and startles his neighbor as he passes his quiet door, and alarms the congregation when he enters the house of Public Worship, the in- ventor not stopping to think that every additional cord, spring, joint, or contrivance but increases the difficulties, adds to the already enormous complications, weakens the 5 limb, and renders the invention liable to greater objec- tions, without accomplishing any advantages whatever. In these statements I firmly believe I. express the views of a large number of inventors. At all events, I know I give my own experience, having been engaged in this calling of giving relief to mutilated sufferers for the last fifteen years, and having been also employed most of my life in mechanical constructions of a nature preparing me more fully to realize the necessities of a good Artificial Limb. I feel, therefore, that my labor has been well bestowed in thus being able to give to the unfortunate an Artificial Limb accomplishing every re- quired movement and all the essentials to make the most life-like, light, easy and durable leg ever given to the public, while, at the same time it is free from all cum- brous machinery. It is the ne plus ultra of Artificial Limbs now in use, as all impartial examiners have declared. The India Rubber Foot is the base of the whole structure, and although it is elastic, springy and light, it is also the most reliable, firm and substantial founda- tion that ever a poor limbless person stood or walked upon. This I assert without fear of successful contra- diction. When I first invented and applied my Rubber Foot to the Artificial Leg, I did not think it would be suitable for the delicate and weak of the female sex. It was in- tended more especially for the hard-working mechanics, the farmer, and the male sex generally, whose lives de- mand toil, energy and constant exertion. But in this I 6 was most agreeably disappointed. To my own surprise and gratification, I soon found it was equally well adapted to their wants as to any others'. Nay, more, it was just the thing for the most tender, delicate and fastidious lady in the land; and their joy and gratitude in its use, in being able to perform their many and various duties with facility, ease and symmetry of motion, without noise or unpleasant observation, has been expressed to me in a great number of instances—a sentiment always invaluable to the reliever of human sufferings, and no small reward of the anxious care and toil of a public servant. With regard to the improvements derived from my invention, I refer to the statements of both ladies and gentlemen in another part of this work. Their testi- mony is from actual experience, and needs no comment. A word to those who have used and are now wearing the old kinds, with the movable, clattering ankle joints : Is not your step in your parlors at times taken for a squeaky, broken-down chair, or a rat or a mouse in some intruding corner of the building ? Are you not, while walking in the street, sometimes taken for a wheel- barrow crying for grease, and does not your step resem- ble the clatter of an old shoe with the sole loose and too large for the foot ? Is it not a gain to get rid of those annoying appendages and to be relieved of the great ex- pense and trouble necessarily attending them ? My patent Rubber Foot most assuredly obviates all these difficulties. I have applied them to a great num- ber of other makers'legs beside my own, many where a 7 the leg was new, and more where they were sound, ex- cept where the springs or cords were worn out or broken, and have succeeded in making the old leg as good, and in fact much better in many cases than a new one of that kind. I would not state, nor have it inferred from what has been here said, that my leg will last always, under all kinds of rough usage, but this I do say, that it will out- last two of any other kind now in use (that are fit to use), and that when it does need repairs—and what thing earthly will last always—it will cost less and be always less troublesome than any other Artificial Limbs I know of. Its simple mode of construction is con- clusive to every one, that one of its important and val- uable features is its non liability of requiring repairs, and its ease of access when repair is needed, thus ren- dering the expense and trouble comparatively trifling. For the arms and hands I do not claim that amount of usefulness that is demanded for the legs and feet. They are, however, simple in construction, and in my judg- ment as useful as any artificial hand can be made ; and where amputation has taken place below the elbow, and the person using it is required to labor, the hand is read- ily removed, and a hook put in its place, while its re- placement, when needed, is as easily effected. You will find a very correct description of my inventions, with suitable cuts illustrating these limbs, in this work, which have been published in the Scientific American, a copy of which is herewith published in this pamphlet:— 8 ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. The engravings published herewith represent Arti- ficial Limbs which have novel features not heretofore ob- tained > in them. India rubber is largely used in their construction, the feet and hands particularly being con- structed of this substance. Mtf.l No. 1 presents a full-length leg standing erect, to be 9 applied in all cases where amputation occurs above the knee joint. No. 2 represents a leg to be applied where the leg has been amputated below the knee joint, and the stump is flexible enough and sufficiently long to enable the wearer to use it in walking. It also represents the leg 10 with the heel compressed, and in its position after taking the step, and when firmly planted on the ground. No. 3 is termed a knee bearing leg. It is to be ap- plied where amputation takes place below the knee, and where the stump is too short or contracted at right angles, 11 so the knee joint cannot be used in walking. This figure represents the leg slightly bent at the knee, and bearing well upon the toe, as in the act of lifting it to take the next advance step. ISf.S. No. 4 is a view of the India-rubber foot before being applied to the leg. This rubber foot consti- tutes the main feature in the legs shown in the figures. It is made mostly of India-rubber of a very spongy, light and elastic character. A piece of willow wood, nearly filling the rubber heel at the top, or surface, where the leg rests, runs down about one-fourth of the distance towards the lower part of the heel; also forward and downwards to the joint at the ball of the foot, as shown by the dotted line. Tnis piece of wood is the base upon which the foot is built, and is also the medium whereby the foot is joined firmly to the leg. The leg itself is made of light, tough willow in all cases, except the thigh piece shown in figure 2, and the front part of the thigh piece in figure 3, which are both made of leather. The entire leg and foot in all cases is covered 12 with fine buckskin, neatly coated with a life-like, water- proof finish, making it both light and strong. It will be seen that there are no movable ankle-joints in these limbs, the necessity for which being entirely obviated by the Elastic Rubber Foot, which gives all the motion re- quired in walking, and also the ease, firmness, elasticity, and reliance, absolutely necessary in a perfect Artificial Leg. It would seem at first sight that no one could walk well on any Artificial Leg, without the moving, flapping ankle-joint, but practice proves this to be erroneous. The Rubber Foot also gives all the required lateral motion to the foot when stepping upon sidling or uneven ground. This leg dispenses with all machinery of what- ever character, and has been in use for the last two years, giving great satisfaction. Figure 5 gives a rear view of the knee joint of the long leg (Figure 1). The T joint is fastened to the up- per part or thigh piece of the leg, and the gudgeons of the T are held in adjustable, oblique boxes, which are easily set at any time by the screws passing through the caps into the main leg, so as to keep the joint to work tight and still, yet free and perfectly flexible, the small projecting bar attached to the T with the button-shaped ball operating upon the spiral spring, so as to throw the foot forward when bent in walking, and so as to hold the foot under when bent at right angles in a sitting position. This feature has been secured by a separate patent dated March 7, 1865. 13 Figure 6 shows a Rubber Hand, made same as the foot, of which there cannot be as much said as of the other inventions. It corresponds, however, with the others in its characteristic features of simplicity and du- rability, and wholly dispenses with machinery, giving a softness to the feeling and an elasticity which is very de- sirable. It is as useful as any hand yet invented, which is not probably saying much in its favor, as no art yet shown, if it ever will, can compare with " nature's handiwork." A patent for this hand has also been ob- tained, as in fact have all of them, through the Scientific American Patent Agency. These inventions have caused a great change for the better in the appearances, as well as usefulness to those who have lost natural limbs, and must give great relief to the maimed. These in- ventions, in dispensing with so much machinery, reduce the expenses of repairs very greatly, as there is no complicated gearing to get so often out of order. You see no part of the cuts representing the inside working of the leg, because there is none there to be exhibited, except the lower part of the knee spring, operating as described in Figure 5. The limbs are, of course, hol- low in all cases, to render them light, as well as adapt- able to covering and supporting the stumps they enclose and sustain.—Scientific American, April 15, 1865. 14 AMPUTATIONS. Some Surgeons will perhaps think it rather prepos- terous in me to offer any suggestions in regard to the most suitable points for amputation, on the ground that such emergencies necessarily depend upon the circum- stances of the case, and they amputate just where they are compelled to, by leaving the stump as long as they can with safety to the Patient and operation, always considering that the longer the stump, the better for the patient, this is generally the true rule to work by, as a long stump is generally preferable to a short one, but they can be too long as well as too short for the benefit of the patient. My experience of fourteen years in making and applying Artificial Limbs to every form of amputation ever performed in this country, leads me to prefer the Flap operation generally, and in thigh ampu- tations save all the bone possible, after getting clear from the knee joint, and room for a good flap. In am- putations below the knee joint, no leg should ever be amputated lower than three inches above the ankle joint, (for a medium sized adult person) and above that point save all that is possible consistent with the case. In cases where a toe or toes are required to be removed, it is undoubtedly best to amputate at the. toe joints, or, if necessary, perform what is termed Choparts ampu- tation, but in no cases, from all the experience I have had in adjusting and witnessed in wearing Artificial Limbs, would I consent to any amputation above this point, save above the ankle joint at the point mentioned above. One very important objection to unjointing or amputation about the joints, either ankle or knee, is, they are always a very long time in healing, and very frequently never heal at all, and if they do they are extremely tender, and a little irritation often causes abscesses and the suffering and trouble attending these afflictions, another objection is, it makes the Artificial Leg cumbersome and large at the joints, with all the inconveniences that must accompany these operations. These reasons will apply with equal force to arms 15 except in cases of amputatiun ofthe hand, where the wrist joint can be saved, then save all that possibly can be saved below it, as every inch in length or movable part in that important member is of such great value, and every Artificial Hand is of so little value that no reasonable comparison can be made between them, and every hu- mane and considerate Surgeon should never fail to pre- serve all he can of the hand. CHILDREN and young persons who lose their limbs before obtaining their growth, are generally prevented by the advice of their surgeons or physicians, from having Artificial sub- stitutes applied, on the ground that they will out grow them. This appears at first sight to be a very good rea- son, but upon giving the subject a little reflection, it will be readily seen, that although the chances are that they are likely in most cases to out grow them, (this article applies more especially to Legs,) before they are worn out. It is not very well known that they can be length- ened at times, as required, at small expense, and perhaps it is well to here give this bit of valuable information to those interested in such cases, that these Limbs possess a very important advantage over all others in this respect, on account of their being free from the internal complica- tions of cords and springs, which generally have com- posed Artificial Limbs, thus saving the largest part of the expense usually attending the operation of lengthen- ing the Limb to keep up with the growth of the Patient. The most important point to be taken into considera- tion in this matter is, how shall we most benefit the ten- der sprig of childhood and youth, who meet with these great losses, whether by compelling them to use crutches and grow up round shouldered, hump backed, one sided, or otherwise deformed in some way, as in nine cases out of ten they are from the effects of using crutches, espe- cially for any length of time, or to at once apply a sub- stitute, and pay proper attention to the use of it, and thereby keep them in natural form, and also avoid the 16 very unpleasant sight of crutches to the eye of the parent and public, and the mortifying effect, (to say nothing of the great inconvenience,) to the patient. Another very important fact should be taken into consideration, which is, that children growing up without a substitute or limb, to exercise their stump, often lose the use of them, either by their becoming contracted or weak for want of use, it is frequently the case that they lose the use of their joints, and can never wear a Limb at all, by going without for years, while obtaining their growth, but where the limb is applied at a proper time, and they grow up with it, they never seem to realise their loss, and invariably make the best and most skilful operators in the world. No child that loses a leg at four years of age or upwards, should be allowed to go without a substitute for a single month after the stump is healed, and recovery from the shock of amputation been ef- fected. Some are without means to secure limbs, and others will say they cannot afford it—then call upon your friends for assistance, or dispense with some of the superfluous ornaments of dress, or do SOME way to provide for the necessity of your unfortunate child or friend to avoid its growing up in your sight a constant spectacle of regret, and sorrow to yourself, and thereby remove an almost certain barrier to its proper place in society, and its last- ing welfare in mature years. Having applied Artificial Limbs to children as young as three years, and many at the age of five to ten years and upwards, and always with the best of success, (un- less where they had been too long upon the crutches,) thus obtaining a knowledge not to be mistaken in. To those who have cases under their care of the nature here mentioned, due consideration to these statements is asked, and although differing as it does from the ad- vice generally given by the Physician, (it is believed without due reflection). Weigh well the fact, and your conclusions will unquestionably be right, and your duties plain to those entrusted to your tender care and affection, 17 COLD MEBAL. Although an inventor and manufacturer of Artificial Limba for several years, and also an exhibitor at many of the Fairs of the American Institute and other exhibitions of Art, and having received awards of high merits from them before and as late as 1859, a Large Silver Medal from the American Institute, (the last fair held by that Institution until 1865). It is proper to state that those limbs were not of the Improved Patent which I now make. This is the first time (1865) that my Limbs with the Patent India Rubber Hands and Feet, and other Patented improvements were placed on exhibition in competition for a Premium. A Gold Medal was offered by the Board of Managers as the award for the BEST Artificial Limbs. This great inducement, as a matter of course, brought out a very lively competition, and many cases ot Artificial Limbs appeared in the Fair, and several exhibitions in walking on Artificial Limbs took place during the Fair, to the no small amusement of the large con- course of people that gathered there upon the announcement ap- pearing in the papers, that such a novel affair as a Cripple Race, as it was so called, was to take place. Every one has probably seen some of the many accounts of it that appeared in the pub- lic Prints at the time, some of which are here published, rela- tive to the fair as well as the race. % The following is cut from the New York Times : We examined Makks' artificial limbs, and saw some examples of their use that .were interesting and satisfactory. These limbs consist of the simplest possible con- ditions. The ankle is firmly attached, and depends on the elasticity of the india rubber foot, for the required facility in walking. The elegance, naturalness and efficiency of these artificial limbs make them almost perfect. From the New York Herald, October 16, 1865 : American Institute Fair.—The ciipple race, which created so much interest on Saturday last, will be repeated to-day. The manufacturers of other artificial legs will compete with Mr. Marks for the laurels he gained on that day. Dod- worth's full band will be present. From the New York Tribune, October 16, 1865 : Amer can Institute Fair—Practical Test op Artificial Legs.—The prac- tical test of the merits of artificial legs on exhibition at the American Institute Fair, on Saturday evening, was both novel and attractive. It consisted of a walk- ing match along the centre aisle of the Fair building. Three gentlemen entered the li-t, and gave a specimen of their facility in walking on these substitutes for natural legs The first contestant, Mr. Bates, was a tall, heavy man, over fix feet high and weighing over 200 pounds. He wore a pair of artificial legs he had used less than three weeks, and therefore walked somewhat unsteadily. The second competitor, Mr. Auzhurger, followed, wearing but one artificial leg. He walked a fourth of a mile without a cane in four minutes with apparent ease, and was warmly applauded. Mr. Frank Stewart closed the performance, wearing two artificial legs, applied just below the knee. He walked a half mile in nine minutes without a 18 cane, with so much spirit, ease and tfaturalness. that he was frequently obstructed and taken hold of by persons who could not believe that he wore two artificial legs, and he was finally obliged to take the large stand and exhibit the legs and feet to the audience, when he was loudly applauded. All of these gentlemen wore the artificial leg and patent India-rubber loot manufactured by Mr. A. A. Marks, No. 575 Broadway. There Were two other gentlemen present, each wearing two of Mr. Marks' legs, having lost their own while in the service of their country. This walking match originated with Managers Carpenter and Ely. and was superintended by the managers in person, the object being to enable the thousands of legless soldiers to avail themselves of the benefits of a fair trial of the real working merits of the many artificial legs constantly thrust upon their attention. There are several exhibitors of artificial limbs in the Fair, most if not all of whom are expected to give a sample of the walking capability of their respective limbs at the walking match which takes place this evening at 8 o'clock. A prize will be awarded to the most successful maker. The "Soldiers Friend" of November, after giving a very general account of the races, &c, closes with the following : Several other exhibitions took place during the fair. The gold medal was awarded to Dr. Marks. The "Rubber Foot," manufactured at this establishment under special patents^ has an elasticity and durability that must make the limb welcome to every wearer. The award of the Committee, after a careful examina- tion, is a high testimonial in its favor. The following official report and decision of the Judges, speaks for itself: ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. The Judges on these important Articles were Professor J. M. Carnochan, Pro- fessor J. C. V. Smith, and James Knight, M. D., and after a careful and extended examination and practical testing of the various kinds of Limbs on exhibition, awarded the First Premium GOLD MEDAL to Mr. A. A. Marks, for his limbs with India Rubber Hands and Feet. No. 559, A. A. Marks, No. 575 Broadway, N. Y. For Artificial Limbs for sim- plicity of construction and durability. GOLD MEDAL. The above Cuts are Fac Similes of both sides of the MEDAL, awarded as stated in the above report. There never was before, in all probability, such a thorough test, impartial and searching investigation in every way, and too, by so many eminent persons as composed the Judges and Jurors, too as it were, on this very important trial, the result ot 19 which is duly appreciated by the Inventor, and he will continue to maintain this high standing with close attention to the wants of his Patients. From among the many eminent surgeons who recommend these Limbs to their patients and those who need Artificial Sub- stitutes, will be found in the following letters, which are pub- lished by permission : . , New York, March 20, 1866. A A. Marks, Esq., SIR:—I have examined with great care your Patent Artificial Limbs, and eheerfully bear testimony as to the simplicity and efficiency of the invention. From their peculiar mechanism they perfectly fulfill the purpose for which they were intended, and in my opinion have no superior at present in use. Very respectfully, JOHN J. CRANE, M. D., Surgeon to Bellvue Hospital. 795 Broadway, New York, March 21, 1866. A A Marks, Esq., DEAR SIR :—I have had frequent occasion to apply your most valuable Patent Artificial Leg, in cases where I have unfortunately been compelled to mutilate my Patients by amputation, and the admirable imitation which your substitute has given of the original Limb, and the perfect satisfaction to the wearer, is the high- est possible commendation that I can give it. LEWIS A. SAYRE, M. D. Professor of Surgery, Bellvue Hospital, Medical College. Office of ROBERT S. NEWTON, M. D., 22 East 18th Street, between Broadway and Fifth Ave. New York, March 22, 1866. A A. MARks. Esq., 575 Broadway, N. Y., DEAR SIR :—Having been well acquainted with your Artificial Limbs and various improvements which you have made for ihe last ten years, and from the great success which has attended the application of your limbs, and the utility of the same, 1 have no hesitation in saying that their accomplishments have not been surpassed. The ease and facility with which" persons move and walk about, and run as it were, is such, that in many cases the Artificial Limb cannot be detected. Yours truly, ROBERT S. NEWTON, M. D. No. 80 Irving Place, New York Mat 24 1866. A. A. Marks. Esq., DEAR SIR:—I have carefully examined your Artificial Limbs, and believe, because of their simplicity and strength, that they will bj sought for by those who may be so unfortunate as to require them. Very Truly Yours, &c, JAMES n WOOD, M. D., Surgeon to Bellvue Hospital, Professor of Operative and Surgical Pathology, Bellvue Hospital, Medical College, &c, uld not exchange it for any other kind. It would then be cheaper than many of the others. Nothing would induce me to go back on the old leg so long as this is to be had at any price. If it was no better any other way, it would be cheaper to the wearer even if you charged twice what you do now. I shall take much pains to recommend them in all cases where I meet with brothers in this misfortune. Yours, &c., HENRY AUZBERGER. Jersey City, N. J., March 12, 1866. To all whom it may concern :— Having been a soldier, and having lost my leg on the battle-field, I was sup- plied with an artificial one, at the Government s expense, by------------. It soon became broken and destroyed and completely out of order at the ankle-joint and having heard of Mr. Marks' Patent India Rubber Foot. I had one applied, which I have now worn for over one year, and it is just as good as when it was first applied. Being now so well acquainted with its many advantages. I would on no account whatever exchange it for the other foot, I walk so much easier and better; and then the great saving in cost and repairs makes it far preferable in every respect. THOMAS GIBSON. 25 (below knee.) New York, May, 1866. DEAR SIR:—After using your Patent Leg for over three years, with the Patent Rubber Foot, it gives me much pleasure to record my testimony in its favor. My experience of over four years while wearing Artificial Legs of the old style, enables me to more fully appreciate this invention of yours. You know I had high anticipations of its advantages before trying it, but I assure you that my ideas relative to its superior qualities were far below the just standard. Very few are so hard upon legs as I am, for my weight is just 180 pounds, and my business (bookbinding) requiring me to be on my feet constantly, and also to do heavy lift- ing carrying weights,