9 •' 
Pharmacopoeia Hipptatnca: 
OR, THE 
Gentleman Farrier’s RepoFtory: 
O F 
Elegant and approved Remedies 
FOR THE 
DISEASES of HORSES; 
In Two BOOKS. 
Containing, 
I. The Surgical; 11. The Medical Part of 
PRACTICAL FARRIE R Yj 
With fuitable Remarks on the Whole. 
Acer Equus quondam, magnaque in puhjere fame?. 
Deg enerat; Palma •veterumque oblitus hertorum, 
Ad Frafepe gemit-, Morbo Moriturus ‘inerti. 
Ovid Met am. 
By J. BART LET, Surgeon; 
Author of the Gentleman’s Farriery. 
Punted for E. Watts, Bookfeiler, in Skinner-Row, 
DUBLIN: 
M,dcc,lsv. TO HIS 
Royal highness 
T H E 
DUKE of CUMBERLAND. 
lAM very fenfible of the Honour of fob- 
mitting the following Sheets to Your 
ROYAL HIGHNESS, and at the fame Time, 
I am under the greatefl Apprehenfions from 
Your Knowledge of the Subject. Men of Art 
may reafon ; but it requires more than Words 
to fatisfy the Penetration of the Judge. In one 
Thing only, I reft aiTured, that, though I may 
have faded in the Execution of my Defign, I 
fhall give Place to none in thatßefpea and Gra- 
titude, which is due to Your ROYAL HIGH- 
NESS from every Friend to Liberty, and true 
Lover of his Country. 
S I R, 
I am, 
Your R O YA L H LGHNES S’s, 
Moft Obedient, and mofi devoted 
Humble, Servant. PREFACE. 
HP H E utility of a collcdtion of this kind, 
wdl render an apology for it’s publica- 
tion unnecefiary. Mr. Gib fonts difpenfatory 
publifhed thirty years ago, is too prolix, and not 
managed with due accuracy and precificn. Vir- 
tues are there afcribed to medicines, which have 
no foundation in fact, and foreign matter is fo 
interwoven, as if the book was intended to be 
recommended by its bulk. I may add, that the art 
of prefcribing has of late been reduced to great 
fimplicity, and many are the improvements that 
have been made in this particular, fince the re- 
gular phyfician has vouchfafed to communicate 
his affifiance. We purpofe to avail ourfelves 
thereof and to rejedt every pompous farrago, by 
whatfoever name or title dignified. Simplicity 
as to the intention, and number of ingredients ; 
and efficacy with regard to the virtue of the 
■whole, can only make a medicine for man, or 
horfe, truly valuable. We have therefore re- 
jected all operofe and incoherent compofitions, all 
orvietans, armans, and preservatives againft ma- PREFACE 
lignant, or epidemical disorders; the unmea- 
furable length of which is wholly owing to the 
ambition, and ignorance of their compilers, who 
have jumbled together a great variety of ingre- 
dients, and accumulate many of fimilar virtues, 
that the 'mod efficacious may have the better 
chance to be of the number. 
As our intention is to be as concife as pof- 
tible, we (hall avoid the ufual difpenfatory me- 
thod of defcribing and accounting for feparate- 
-Iy, the efficacy of every medicinalTimple, whe- 
ther vegetable, animal, or mineral; as alfo, the 
different proceffes of every chymieal or galenical 
preparation, with the inflrudtions for making 
them ; All this we look on as intirely unnecef- 
fary, and ferving only to fwell the book; thefe 
forms being generally too operofe to make, and 
are fo readily purchafed much cheaper than they 
can be prepared by individuals. Not that any 
will be omitted which are eafily made, and 
■which will fave expence in the preparation. 
FV e have endeavour’d to avoid the extremes 
of fuperfluity and penury ; both in regard to 
the intention, as well as to the application of 
l^e remed>' J (though to gratify fome of our 
readers, we may perhaps fometimes be thought 
too redundant;) being naturally averfe to the 
multiplying of forms; creating any unneceffiary VI 
The PREFACE. 
expence, and particularly of overloading the 
animal with naufeous dofes; But we hope alfo 
to have kept clear of the other extreme, and 
not to have been fo deficient, as to direct but 
one form, to anfwer the various fymptoms and 
indications of a difeafe in its different ftages; 
where undoubtedly different intentions muff ba 
purfued. 
Some pains has been taken to make this col- 
le&ion as perfedl as poffible ; and though there 
are few Gentlemen who have not a receipt book 
by them ; yet are they frequently at a lofs to 
diftinguifh the due application of each remedy ; 
a circumftance indeed of no fmall confequence 
and which we have particularly endeavour’d to 
point out by a commentary fubjoined to each 
article ; and if the reader fhould find fomething 
of more confequence than we have promifed, 
we hope he will not be difpleafed. 
We fubmit the whole to his candour and 
judgment, and hope that our good intentions 
will in fome meafure atone for any inaccuracy, 
or errors; and having already experienced the 
indulgence of the publick, in the kind recep- 
tion of our gentleman’s Farriery, (which has 
palled feveral editions in a few years,) with 
the utmoft deference, we fubmit to an im- 
partial tribunal. CONTENTS. 
PART I 
Chap. 
/"'X FNFR AL Obfervations on the Ani- 
* mal OEconomy page r 
I. Cataplafms, or Poultices 5 
11. Ointments, or unguents 27 
111. Plafters, or emplafters 68 
IV. Fomentations and Embrocations 79 
V. Lotions, or Wafhes 105 
VI. On Polfons 129 
Method of recovering drown’d Perfons 141 
Gentleman Farrier’s Surgery 14$ 
PART 11. 
I. OF Colds and Fevers 147 
11. Dlfeafes of the Cheft and Lungs 166 
111. Dlfeafes of the Head 178 
IV. Dlfeafes of the Stomach and Bowels 187 CONTENTS 
V. Lax and Scouring 195 
VII. Various Drinks, or Drenches 204 
VI. Of Bots and Worms 202 
VIII. Various Horfe Balls 218 
IX. Various Powders 234 
X. Various forms of Purges and Glyfters 243 
XI. General Obfervations on the Treatment of 
Horfes after violent Exercife 2$I 
Method of difcharging poifonous Bodies 
taken into the human Stomach 255 
The Gentleman Farrier’s Elaborately 258 
Terms of Art explained 259- SOME 
general observations 
on THE 
ANIMAL OECONOMY. 
I T may be neceffary to premife in general, that 
A the mechanifm of a horfe, like that of the hu- 
man body, is compofed of hollow tubes of various 
fizes, through which fluids of various confiftencies 
duly circulate for different ends: And in order to 
underftand the operation of both external and in- 
ternal medicines, it is abfolutely neceffary that 
Gentlemen fhould have proper ideas of the for- 
mation of the chyle, and of the circulating blood 
and fluids; as likewife of the power and elafficity 
of the folids and veffels. To thofe who have no't 
confidered thefe points, the following hints may 
poffibly be of ufe, and induce them to ftudy the 
fubjecf more at large. 
The food of horfes being divided by their 
teeth in chewing, and foftened by the faiiva preflk 
ed out ot its duds, is conveyed through the gul- 
let into the ftomach ; by the force and power of 
this organ and the juices fecreted from it, the ali- 
ment is farther broken to pieces and diffolved ■ Some general OhferVations on the 
and pafling out of it into the fmall guts, it is 
there more exadUy attenuated and digefted by the 
bile, &c. the finer and more fluid parts being ta- 
ken up by the numerous la&eal veffels, to be 
conveyed through the thoracic du6t into the 
blood ; while the more grofs and folid parts am 
puflied forward into the great guts, and finally 
expelled in the form of dung. The chyle re- 
ceived by the fubclavian vein into the blood, paf- 
fes into the vena cava, and from thence into the 
right auricle and ventricle of the heart; where 
it is broken and attenuated, and more intimately 
mixed with the blood; from thence it is impell- 
ed into the branches of the pulmonary artery, 
where it is again highly attenuated by the adlion 
of the lungs, and made fit to pafs through all 
the different orders of veffels; from thence it 
returns through the pulmonary vein to the left 
ventricle of the heart, and is tranfmitted by the 
great artery and its branches, to every part of the 
body. 
The heart therefore propels the blood through 
the aorta and arteries arifing from it, to the ex- 
tremities of the body, for the due fupport and 
nourifhment of the different parts; this end be- 
ing obtained, and the feveral fecretions perform- 
ed, •viz. Of urine, bile, dsfc. &V. The blood is 
again returned to the heart by the veins.— 
This circulation is carried on by the force 
of the heart and blood veffels, and by the 
power of the tnufdes and folids exerted there- Animal OE c on o m y. 
3 
upon. The tubes, through which the circula- 
tion and fecretions are maintained, befides the 
arteries and veins abovementioned, are alfo of va- 
rious fizes; fome of them are too fine to admit 
the grofs blood to circulate through them ; the 
ferum and finer parts, being only able to pafs 
them ; thefe veffels mull of courfe be very mi- 
nute, and the laft feries of capillary arteries and 
veins are extremely fmall. The various fluids, 
circulating through thefe veffels are of fuitable 
confiftencies, and fubjefl to various fpecies of 
depravity, either by becoming too vifcid for mo- 
tion ; or fothin, as to enter where they ought not; 
or laftly, are fo vitiated by a putrid, (harp, or 
even a corrofive ftate, as to erode the texture of 
the veffels they fliould circulate through, and af- 
ford nourifhment to. 
The parts therefore of an animal are fubjecl to 
a. rupture of its veffels, from caufes -within, as 
well as to a divifion from external caufes ; which 
confequently deftroys and impairs their action, 
while in this ftate; and fuffers the fluids contain- 
ed in them to flow out; By external force, or 
bruifes, the power of the veffels is weakened, 
ftrained, or totally deprived of aftion; by re- 
laxation, the fibres lofe their due tone and 
elafticity; laftly, by objtruflion, or ftagnation of 
the fluids through their great fpiflitude or tenaci- 
ty ; the parts they are deftined to, are deprived of 
their nourifhment; and by their too great thinnefs 
aho, they may have accefs to parts which they 
ought not to enter. Some general Obfervaiions, &c. 
4 
As the good (late of thefe fluids is neceflary 
for the attainment of health, and prefervatien of 
life ; fo the due diftribution of them, and the 
juft ftrufifure of the veflfels .wherein they cir- 
culate, is equally requ.ifite ; and either to a di- 
vifton, Or an obftrucfion of thefe veflfels, and to 
the tenflon and relaxation of the fibres, moil chi- 
rurgical dilbrders are owing. 
Thus if the fluids are too.violently propelled 
into any of the, capillary veflfels, fome of the par- 
ticles being too large for the diameters of thefe 
veflfels, may flop and caufe. obftru&iqn; which if 
not foon removed, becomes more confirmed ; 
and whether it happens in the fanguinary or 
lymphatic veflfels, is the general caufe of inflam- 
mations and fwellings; which terminate by 
cither a refolution of the obftru&ed fluids; by 
fuppuration or matter ; by induration or hard- 
nefs; or daftly by gangrene; the operation of 
'medicines in thefe different ftagcs will be explain- 
ed in their proper place. 
To enter minutely into-a difcuftion of this fub- 
je£f, would lead beyond the intended brevity of 
thefe remarks: we mean only by this flight {ketch 
to animate Gentlemen to the ftudy of the general 
principles on which medicine is founded, that 
they may be guarded againft the ablurd jargon of 
illiterate Farriers and Grooms, in whom they of- 
ten place but too much confidence.v THE 
SURGICAL PART 
OF PRACTICAL 
FARRIERY. 
CHAP. I. 
External Applications 
Cataplafins, or Poultices. 
A general Poultice. ■ 
AKEof mallows, marfhmallow leaves, 
•*-L' turnips, oi their tops, fpinnage, col- 
worts, lettice ; the meal of linfeed, fsenu- 
greek, and oats ; bran, barley, rye, bean 
flower, and grated bread, Cfc—Boil one or 
other of thefe herbs in milk, or water, ’till 
they are foft and tender ; then chop and beat 
them in a ftone mortar, or wooden bowl to 
a pulp, with a fufficient quantity of lard, 
oil, or butter ; to which may be added, a 
handful or two of any of the above meals ; 
apply it hot to the part fpread on thick 
cloth. 6 
The Surgical Bart of 
Remark. 
Poultices are of fuch real and extenfive ufe 
in farriery that we thought the compofition of 
them could not be too general. How Ample fo- 
ever the above ingredients may appear to fome 
(which are generally at hand) yet they will be 
found to anfwer moil intentions, where prelent 
cafe is to be obtained by warmth, foftening, and 
relaxing the injured part. Many are the cafes 
which demand fuch affiflance ; as recent fwel- 
lings, inflammations, treads, bruifes, crackt and 
fwell’d heels and feet ; burns, fealds, bruifed 
and lacerated wounds from flumps, thorns, glafs, 
nails, &c. which lafl are much better treated 
with fuch Ample emollient applications, than by 
hot oils, or fcalding plaflers dropt into the 
wounds ; which under the abfurd notion of draw- 
ing, but too often fear up the mouths of the 
veffels, hinder digeflion, and consequently in- 
creafe both pain and inflammation. In fhort, it 
is certain that very great fervices are daily done 
by the ufe of poultices ; not only in thofe diforders 
to which the human body is incident ; but alfo 
in fhofe, wherewith the brute part of the creation 
is afflicted: One advantage which they have 
over mofl outward applications is peculiar to 
them, that they convey, and retain an additional 
heat, befides what is often in the ingredients; 
and as mofl of them have alfo fomething emol- 
lient in their compofition, they mufl neceflarily Praftical Farriery. 
foften, and relax the fkin and veflels; abate teß- 
fion, attenuate and thin vifeid, and cbftrufited 
juices; fo that their return into the common 
courfe of circulation, or difeharge by the pores 
of the fkin, muft in general be much better an- 
swered by poultices than by other methods. 
A Repellent Poultice. 
TAKE of vinegar, or verjuice, and oil, 
equal parts, ground oatmeal, a fufficient 
quantity to form a poultice, to which alum 
may be added, firft diflblved in the vinegar. 
Another. 
T A K E of vinegar and red wine lees, equal 
parts, oat, bean meal, or bran, a proper 
quantity, hogs lard enough to keep it foft. 
R EM ARK. 
Either of thefe Poultices, after emptying the 
veflels by bleeding, will with great benefit be 
applied to recent {trains, bruifes, and incipient 
inflammations ; bathing the part firfl with hot 
vinegar or verjuice ; they a£t by repelling, and 
driving the fluids forward, and restraining the 
veflels. 
A Refohent Poultice. 
TAKE of the thick lees of wine, and vinc- 8 
The Surgical Part of 
gar, each a pint; of crude fal ammoniac, 
two ounces; and of oat meal or bran, as 
much as may be fufficient to the due con- 
fidence ; diffolve firft the fal ammoniac in 
part of the lees, and mix the whole toge- 
ther into the form of a poultice. 
Remark. 
This is an excellent application for a bruife, 
and greatly efficacious in refolving and difperfing 
extravafated blood, which is coagulated, and 
lodged betwixt the membranes ; and for fwel- 
lings of the membranes in the joints and cartila- 
ginous parts. The ufe of it mud be condant, 
till the (welling be removed : This remedy is not 
in common practice in either of the cafes mention- 
ed ; but will be found of great utility by thofe 
who will adopt it on proper occafions ; bleeding 
and cooling phydck is alfo necedary. 
A Refringent Poultice. 
T AKR a quart of old verjuice, or vinegar ; 
an ounce of alum, and a large handful or 
two of Curriers fhavings ; boll to the con- 
fidence of a poultice, and apply it warm 
twice a day, fpread on cloth. 
Remark. 
This is a proper application for a drain of the 
tendops and back finews, after having bathed the Frail ha! F a rrie r y. 
9 
part with hot verjuice, in which a piece of hard 
loap has been difiolved ; as there is nothing unc- 
tuous in the compofition, it fhould not be made 
fliff, left it fhould too.loon become dry, and fet 
uneafy on the part, the Curriers lhavings is very 
proper for this purpofe, as it is faturated with 
oak bark in the preparation, 
A general Poultice for a Strain. 
TAKE of oatmeal, rye, bean flower, or 
bran, a fuffieient quantity, boil either of 
them up with vinegar, verjuice, ftrong beer 
grounds, or red wine lees ; to which add 
enough of hogs lard to keep it of a due con- 
fidence. 
WE think that this poultice is to be preferred 
to cold charges when the drain is attended with 
fwelhng, and tendon of the {kin and mufcles ; 
and fhould be applied hot twice a day, till thofe 
fymptoms are removed ; when fuch proper re- 
medies fhould be made ufe of, to brace up the 
overftretched tendons, as will be inferted here - 
after under the article embrocation,. 
A Poultice for an oldfrain. 
TAKEa pound of tar, and, two pints of 
rectified fpirit of wine ; ftir them together 
over a fire till they incorporate (but take 
care the flame does not catch the fpirits) 
then add two ounces of calcothar or bole i he Surgical Part oj 
armonlac finely powdered, and a fufficlent 
quantity of meal, with lard enough to pre- 
vent its growing dry. 
Remark. 
This is much recommended by the French, 
and has been found ferviceable in fome old ftrains, 
when other remedies have failed. The tar and 
fpirit of wine mixt, are frequently ufed with fuc- 
cefs for this pnrpofe. 
A Digejlive Poultice. 
Boil ground oatmeal with a fufficlent quan~ 
tity of ftrong beer grounds to the due con- 
fiftence of a poultice, to which add hogs lard 
enough to keep it fupple. 
Remark. 
This will be found a very proper remedy to 
apply over any wound, or fore, that is attended 
with pain from gleet, and indigeftion: as it will 
warm the part, relax the veffels, and abate their 
tenfion : It fhould be continued till the lips fub- 
fide, and a good digeftion is obtained. It may 
be animated occafionally, in cafe of mortification, 
or tendency thereto, with a fifth part of London 
treacle, or the aromatic fpice. Praflical FarrierY. 
Some general Remarks on Inflammatory Swellings. 
To conceive rightly of the nature of inflam- 
mations, it is proper to obferve, that whenever 
there is a fwelling attended with heat, pain, 
and throbbing of the part, there is more or lefs 
obftruftion in the veflfels, through which the 
fluids fhould circulate. This is either caufe<i by 
their too great thicknefs, which prevents their 
free paflfage through the proper veflfels, or to the 
force of the circulation, which impels them into 
thofe, which they ought not to enter. Thefe 
are the firft general fources of all inflammations, 
one of which is moft evident, in the white of the 
eye, where the red blood is forced into veflels, 
deftined only for the reception of the lymph, or 
thinner parts of the blood. Whenever therefore 
an ohftru&ion is once formed in the capillary, or 
fmall veflfels of the body, whether they are fan- 
guineous or lymphatic, a fwelling is produced; 
which is gradually increafed by the impediment 
the fluids meet with in the obflrudfed veflels ; 
hence arifes a total ftagnation in feme, and a 
partial, or flow circulation in others; and unlefs 
this remora to the paffage of the fluids, be foon 
removed by nature, or by art, the veflels having 
undergone their utmoft diftenflon, will be forced 
to yield to the load of impa&ed fluids, and at lafl 
to burfl ; and in this cafe, a Suppuration or col- 
ledfion of matter enfues, in confequence of the 
fluids iffuing from the ruptur’d veflfels : But if 
they continue damm’d up without giving way. The Surgical Fart of 
fo that there is a total flop put to the fluids, which 
fliould circulate through them ; A mortification 
is then the neceflary confequence. 
The method of treating different fwellings, 
and inflammations in their various ftages, are 
pointed out in the remarks fubjoined to the feveral 
articles under the names, emollient, repellent, 
refolvent, and, fuppurative medicines, we fhall 
firfl: give 
‘Tbe common Emollient Poultice. 
TAKE of milk half s pint, fallad oil three 
fpoonfuls, grated bread a fufficient quantity 
to produce the due confidence. Add the 
bread to the milk, when of a boiling heat, 
and afterwards beat the oil well with them. 
Remark. 
It may feem flrange to fome, that vve give 
fuch particular directions for the making fo com- 
mon a poultice ; but where applications of this 
fort are neceflary, they cannot lie too eafy on 
the part, or maintain their due confidence too 
long : Without a proper attention to this point, 
they are frequently applied too thick, and lumpy; 
foon grow fliff and hard ; and confequently do 
more hurt than good, to the inflamed parts they 
are applied to; but more particularly when the 
Eye ftands in need of fuch applications, or parts 
of great fenfibility; This poultice, with that pre- Profited F A R R I E R Y. 
pared by pouring boiling water on the meal of 
linfeeds, will anfwer the end of mod; of the emol- 
lient kind ; and may be properly enough applied 
to recent inflammations, after firft bathing the 
part with oil and vinegar ; bleeding and cooling 
phyfic being premifed, and occafionally repeated. 
The veffels in general being thus emptied, the 
local fullnefs, and beginning obdrudfion is abated; 
their tenfion alfo is le defied by the poultice, fo 
that a free circulation is rendered through them. 
But if this point fhould not be obtained by this 
method, the following may be made ufe of. 
An Emollient and Difcutient Poultice. 
TA K E of ground oatmeal, and linfeed pow- 
dered, each half a pound ; boil them in 
milk, or water, to the confidence of a 
poultice, to which add an ounce of crude fa! 
armoniac in powder, and a proper quantity 
of oil, ■when the oatmeal is ufed alone. 
Remark. 
When, notwithdanding the ufe of the above 
repellent, and emollient applications, with plen- 
tiful evacuations, the heat and inflammation in a 
fwelling encreafes ; this poultice may be applied, 
in order to attenuate the fluids, relax theveflels, 
and prevent their laceration, by making them 
yield to extendon: This intention may be aflided, 
by drfl fomenting the part with flannels wrung 14 
The Surgical Part of 
out of the difcutient fomentation, or of milk and 
water, with the addition of foap diffolved in it. 
By thefe means, and the internal ufe of nitre, to 
retard the progreffive motion of the blood, and 
keep it cool and fluid, the obflruCtion may be 
refolved, and a free circulation be obtained again 
through the part : After plentiful evacuations, 
the following, which is compofed of flronger 
difcutient ingredients may be made ufe of, as the 
lafl: effort of this kind, joined with the above 
fomentation. We cannot help confefllng how- 
ever, that fo repugnant is nature fometimes to 
our utmofl endeavours of this fort, that fhe will 
defeat our very belt; and produce matter in fpite 
of all our efforts to prevent it; and vice verfa: 
fo little does fhe make us her confidants, or in- 
trufl us with her operations! and if this be the 
cafe, in external inflammations, where we have 
the advantage of local applications; it is not to 
be wondered at, that file fo often baffles our beff 
defigns, in the treatment of thofe within : Our 
knowledge indeed of the fluids, is too limited, I 
fear, to enable us to determine in what manner 
thefe changes are produced ; and if we fpeak in- 
genuoufly, we cannot avoid confefllng, that wre 
are but imperfectly acquainted with them in 
their natural flate; How then can we prefume 
to fpeak affirmatively of their morbid one, and, 
explain all the degrees of alteration which they 
undergo ? The reader w'ho is fond of hypethefis, 
will not relifh this unpleafingconfefflon ; but the 
candid and experienced, will allow it due force. Tragical Farriery. 
15 
and be content with what his fenfes teach him, 
without lofmg time in vain reafoning, and en- 
deavouring to account for phenomena, which 
perhaps may ever remain infcrutable to us. 
A Refolvent Poultice. 
TAKE a pound of oatmeal, of chamomile 
flowers and cummin feed powdered, of each 
two ounces, boil in wine lees to the con- 
fiftence of a poultice, and add camphor pow- 
dered half an ounce. 
Remark. 
This poultice is recommended to difperfefwell- 
ings tending to maturation, efpecially when near 
ihe joints; by its warmth and activity, it is in- 
tended to thin the obflrufted fluids, and make 
them fit to tranfpire thro’ the pores of the fkin, 
or re-enter the courfe of circulation. 
A Suppurative Poultice. 
TAKE of marfbmallow leaves three hand- 
fuls, white lily root half a pound, linfeed 
bruifed four ounces, boil .n a fufficient 
quantity of water, till the whole is pulpy, 
then add lard enough to keep it fupple. The Surgical Part of 
Remark. 
This is a proper poultice for the flrangles, or 
any other fvvelling tending to matter : It fhould 
be applied warm, and fpread thick on cloth twice 
a day; where the fwelling is on a glandular part, 
and it maturates flowly, a large onion or two 
pay be added to it. 
A Poultice for crackt Heels, 
TAKE of boiled turnips, or lily roots, one 
pound, linfeed powdered half a pound, oat- 
meal, or rye flower, and lard, a fufficient 
quantity ; to which a fpoonful of common 
turpentine may fometimes be added. 
Remark. 
On long and fuccefsful experience, we infert 
this as a proper poultice for the purpofe expreffed, 
as it will foften and relax the veflels, fupply the 
cracks, and promote a kind difcharge; the fores 
then may be fafely and ealily healed up, by the 
wound, and drying ointments. 
A Poultice for fivclled Heels. 
Boil a fufficient quantity of oatmeal with 
ftrong beer grounds, or wine lees, to the 
confiftence of a poultice : to which add a Practical Farriery. 
little common turpentine, and a proper quan- 
tity of lard. 
Remark. 
We efleem this as a good general poultice for 
Swelled heels, or greafe ; whofe cure fhould al- 
ways be attempted firfl; with poultices; as they 
unload the veffels, by promoting a running irom 
the cracks and fores; which fhould for lome 
time be encouraged, by the application of foft 
degeftive ointments, before any attempts arc 
made to dry them up ; this laft method is but 
too generally ufed, before this rational intention 
has been effected : by which means the acrid 
humours are either confined in the part, or drove 
back into the blood, which muff become infec- 
ted thereby; and hence they may be produdtive 
of the worft of confequences. It muft be con- 
fefled however, that in many cafes of this fort, 
turning the horfe out into the field or fait marfh, 
is the mofl effefitual and fpeedy cure; the whole 
mafs of fluids being thereby altered, and the limbs 
kept cool and in conflant motion. 
J1 Difcutient Poultice jor Cold Swellings. 
TAKE of the roots of briony, three ounces, 
boil them in water till they grow tender, 
and when they are well pounded in a ftone 
mortar, add, of gum ammoniacum diffolved 
in vinegar, half an ounce, crude fal armo- 7be Surgical Part ef 
niac, three drams, camphor diflblved in 
fpirit of wine, two drams. 
Remark. 
This poultice is flrongly difcutient, and will 
diflblve concreted and vifcid humours, by its 
warmth, and irritating power, and fhould be 
applied hot, and fpread thick on cloth, twice a 
day; it will be found ufeful in all hardnefs of the 
tendons and joints, and has fometimes fucceeded 
where mercurial applications have failed. 
A Cleanfmg Poultice. 
TAKE of black foap a pound, honey half a 
pound, burnt alum four ounces, verdi- 
greafe powdered half an ounce, wheat flour 
a fufficient quantity. 
Remark. 
WHEtf the fores on the heels are very foul, 
this poultice fpread thick on cloth, may be ap- 
plied daily to them, till they become clean by 
the fupuration of the floughs, and are in a heal- 
ing ftate. 
A Difcutient Poultice for fuelled Heels. 
TAKE of honey one pound, Venice turpentine 
fix ounces, incorporate together, and add Practical Farriery. 
19 
the meal of linfeed and fenugieek, of each 
four ounces, boil in three quarts of red 
wine lees to the confidence of a poultice, 
then add two ounces of camphor in pow- 
der. 
Remark. 
This Is an excellent poultice to difcufs tht 
fwelled heels, before they are broke and run; 
by its warmth it will attenuate the vifcid juices, 
and promote a general perfpiration in the part ; 
which may be further affifted by a warm fomen- 
tation ufed previous to the application. 
An Emollietit Poultice for the Feet. 
Boil two handfulls of bruifed linked in wa- 
ter to a pulp, and add to it a fufficient 
quantity of bran and hogs lard to form it to 
the confiflence of a poultice. 
Remark. 
This is a very proper poultice for a lamenefs 
in the foot, arifing from travelling in hard roads; 
where by frequent battering the feet againft the 
ground, an inflammation is Bril brought on the 
foie ; which if not foon removed, the blood and 
juices are thickened, and a foundation is laid for 
an incurable lamenefs. The whole foot and hoof 
fliould be wrapt up in this poultice, fpread thick  The Surgical Part of 
on cloth, and applied' warm- twice a day. When ' 
the heat and inflammation is abated, feme pow- 
der’d camphor, and foft foap may be added, 
which will greatly contribute to attenuate the 
oblfrudfed fluids, difperfe the fweliings, and pre- 
vent what is called a founder ; Bleeding at the 
extremity of the foot is proper to abate the in- 
flammation. 
The Bran Poultice, or fluffing. 
TAKE a quart of fcakled bran, and mix it 
with four ounces of lard or butter. 
Remal k. • 
This is a ufeful remedy to put to horfes feet 
every night on the road, when heated arid dry 
with travelling. It fhould be applied thick to the 
foies, covered with foft tow, and fplieed in with 
crofs fplints. The common fluffings of cow 
dung, clay, urine, and vinegar, which hoftler 
arefeldom unprovided with, are very pernicious 
on thefe occafions; as thefe cold fluffings fcarce 
fail of benumbing the feet in fuch a manner, that 
the horfe is tumbling, or flopping fhort, till by 
exercife, and the circulation accelerated thereby, 
the blood pervades the obflrudted vends, and 
the horfe begins to feel his feet again, as it is 
properly enough expreffed. 
’Tis to be feared alfo that they frequently 
chill the hoof to fuch a degree, that the natural Profited Far r i e r y. 
21 
heat is never reftored, and neceflarily occafion 
what is meant by a founder. 
Before we quit this fubjeCt fo neceffary to 
the welfare of horfes, and the fafety of the rider, 
we can’t too ftrongly recommend the walking 
horfes legs with warm water and foap, or pot li- 
quor, after hard exercife, as it muft necelfarily 
. cleanfe, open the pores, and promote.a due de- 
gree of perfpiration; by which means the heat and 
'{liffnefs contracted by travelling, would be remov- 
■ ed, and the limbs rendered pliant and eafy. No 
-Gentleman that has experienc’d the plealing ef- 
: feds of warm bathing after fatigues from llrong 
- exercife, but muft be convinced of the efficacy of 
this partial bathing, to his horfe ; and confe- 
quently will never fuffer him to be plunged into 
a cold pond, or river ; or his legs and feet to be 
walhed, at thefe times, with cold water; under 
the ridiculous notion of cooling and rcfrefhing 
them thereby: but how hard a talk is it to 
■convince fome grooms of this error; or to per- 
fuade them that hot water cools, and cold water 
heats, on fuch occalions! 
The Alum Poultice. 
TAKE of roch alum one dram, the whites 
of two eggs, beat them well up toge- 
ther. The Surgical Part »f 
Remark. 
This is a ufeful remedy for repelling any re- 
cent inflammation, or humour from the eye. It 
ftiould be applied on lint, tow or foft linen, 
and renewed as often as it grows fluff and dry. 
The whites of eggs well broke, and applied 
between linen cloths, is alfo a good applica- 
tion. 
A Soap Poultice, 
TAKE of foap lees four ounces, oil of olives 
half a pound, water two quarts, wheat 
flour a fufficient quantity. Mix the oil 
and lees together fir ft, then beat up the 
flour with them. 
Remark. 
We give this as a difcutient, and refolvent 
competition, which may be applied, fpread on 
coarfe cloth, to any hardnefs on the membranes 
or tendons ; repeated daily for fome time, it 
will in general prove fuccefsful, efpecially if 
the part be rubbed firft with the mercurial oint- 
ment. 
A Repellent Poultice for fuelled Heels, 
TAKE of honey, hogs lard, and common 
turpentine, of each a pound j of bean meal. Practical Farriery. v 
a fufficient quantity ; fimmer them gently 
over the fire, and then put half a pound of 
alum finely powdered to them. 
Remark, 
Thls is a more repelling poultice than fome of 
the preceding. If the fkin be yet intire, and no 
ouzing or difeharge from cracks or fores; it 
may be fuccefsfully applied, fpread on coarfe 
cloth, and renewed once in twelve hours. 
A drying Application for Greafe, 
TAKE of white lead, half a pound ; fugar of 
lead, and white vitriol, of each one ounce; 
with a proper quantity of lard or train oil, 
make an ointment. 
R E M A r K. 
Where the application of poultices may he 
thought too troublefome, this ointment may be 
fubflituted in their room ; the part being well 
rub’d with it night and morning. 
It may be no ufelefs digreflion, to obferve, 
that when the fwelling once gives way, or abates, 
in this, or any other difeafe of the inferior 
parts; that a proper bandage, or rowler fhould 
be made ufe of; and that moderate and frequent 
fri&icn with a brufh, or hair cloth, is of the ut- 
ttioft fervice; as it renders the obftru&ed fluids 24 
The Surgical Fart of 
thinner, gives new motion to them when ftagnat- 
ed, and confequently promotes a freer and more 
regular circulation : perhaps it is principally for 
want of cleanlinefs, and a due quantity of elbow 
greafe, that thefe diforders are fo frequent; for 
when once obftru&ions are formed in theextream 
parts, the dilated veffels with difficulty recover 
their tone, fo as to pufh on the returning fluids. 
A Poultice for a bruife or bite on the Eye. 
TAKE of the roots of folomon feal bruifed. 
one ounce and a half, conferve of rofes and 
vinegar, each half ,an ounce, the whites of 
two eggs well broke ; mix them together. 
'R E M A r k. 
On proper authority we offer this as a good 
remedy for the purpofe expreffed, as it Is cool- 
ing, repelling, and diffolving ; the vinegar may 
be omitted, if found neceffary: It fhould be 
fpread thick on a double linen cloth, and bound 
gently over the whole eye: let it be renewed 
every fix hours, if it grows fiiff or dry: before 
the application, the eye lid and parts adjacent 
fhould ;be well fpunged with** vinegar and water ; 
and thehorfe bled to the quantity of two or three 
quarts; cooling phyfic will be of ufe, as will 
alfo the opening of the check veins, if they are 
■turgid and full. Praflical F A rriery. 
An Anodine Poultice for inflamed Eyes. 
TAKE white bread grated, and beat it into a 
foft poultice with a fufficient quant ty of 
thin mucilage of linfeed, or of quinces, to 
which a little powdered faflfron may be 
added. 
Remark. 
This may be applied as the former, and in 
cafe of great pain, will be found anodine, and 
refolving. The bread and milk poultice with a 
little faffron and camphor, will frequently anfwer 
the fame purpofe. 
A Diffolvent Poultice. 
TAKE of black foap fix ounces,' camphor 
powdered two ounces, fal ammoniac pow- 
dered one ounce, fpirit of wine a fufficient 
quantity. 
Remark. 
This is a warm, adiveand penetrating medi 
cme, very proper to diffolve any hard fwellings : 
before the application, the hair fhould be dipt 
away, and the part well rubbed therewith. The Surgical Part cij 
A Cold, or Repellent Charge. 
*1 AKE of colcothar of vitriol finely powder- 
ed, or bole, half a pound ; mix either 
with the whites of two eggs well broke. 
and add as much old verjuice, or vinegar, 
as will give it a due confidence. 
R E M A R K. 
This charge fpread on thick cloth may be ap- 
plied to any recent drain of the tendons, after 
hathing with vinegar: it fhould be neatly rolled 
■on with a linen band, two yards long, and three 
inches broad, and renewed every twenty four 
hours. Where there is little or no fwelling, this 
charge may be preferred to poultices, as the roller 
on which no fmall ftrefs fhould be laid, may be 
applied here to great advantage. 
Wine Vinegar 
Is an acid, produced from vegetables, by a 
peculiar manner of fermentation. What is met 
with in the {hops is moft frequently fophifticated 
with oil of vitriol, to which regard fhould be had, 
when it is ufed for medicinal purpofe. It is a re- 
medy of great ufe, and externally applied, it has 
an aftringent quality on the animal fibres, and is 
therefore corroborative and ftyptic. It is accord- 
ingly of great ufe for bruifes, {trains, relaxation? Practical Farriery. 
of particular parts. Internally it is ufed in cafes 
where too great putrefcence prevails in the fluids, 
occafioning putrid and malignant fevers. The 
French wine vinegar is to be preferred to others, 
for the above reafons. 
CHAP. IL 
Ointments or Unguents. 
A general Wound Ointment-, 
TAKE of Venice turpentine, and bees 
wax, of each a pound; oil of olives. 
a pound and a half ; yellow refin, twelve 
ounces, melt them together; and then 
{train it through a coarfe canvas. 
Remark. 
This b a proper application to any frefb 
wound or fore; but as few people are without 
their favourite falves, or ointments; it may not 
he improper to lay down a few obfervations on 
this iubjeft. The healing then of fores is now 
generally allowed to be the fpontaneous work of 
nature, and medicines are no otherwife fubfcrvient 
to the healing intention, than by preventing, or 
removing any impediments to her operations : 
For when good pus, or matter is obtained, that The Surgical Fart pf 
alone is the bell: balfam, and fufficient for the 
healing purpofe- In fa6l, the vulnerary and bal- 
famic powers of thefe kinds of applications, are 
now pretty generally exploded; nature herfelf 
being fufficiently able to effe£t that intention, 
when the blood and juices are in a good (late, 
and there is no external ftri&ure or impediment to 
prevent her intention ; when thefe are removed 
and re&ified, and the part defended from the air, 
very fimple means will effedt the cure. 
Black Bajilicon. 
TAKE of yellow refin, bees wax, and com- 
mon pitch, of each nine ounces, oil of 
olives one pound, melt the whole together 
over a gentle fire, (Erring them well, and 
drain the whole through a piece of coarfe 
canvas. 
Remark. 
This compofition differs from the above, only 
in the fubftituting common pitch, for the turpen- 
tine. Its qualities are therefore much the fame, 
though this is rather more warm, and (Emulat- 
ing ; for which reafon, as well as its being a 
cheaper medicine, it may be preferred, for the 
ufe of horfes. Thefe two ointments, either ufed 
alone, or mixed occafionally with verdigreafe, 
or red precipitate powdered, will anfwer almoft 
all intentions of healing: they fhould be fpread Practical Farriery. 
29 
on lint, or Toft tow, and applied to the bottom 
of the fore, lightly filling up the reft of the 
cavity to the furface: for modern forgery has 
taught us that no deep wounds, or fores fhould 
he crammed, or fluffed with dofiils dipt in ftrong- 
ly irritating applications, with intention to pro- 
mote digeftion, and diffolve hardnefs; and that 
as all dreflings whatever, are in fa£l foreign 
bodies, fo when Jnjudicioufly crammed into parts 
of quick fenfation (and are alfo in their own na- 
tures painful and irritating,) they a£t with double 
mifchief; by inflaming the parts, and choaking 
up the mouths of the veffels; and thus by imped- 
ing digeftion, they increafe the induration. In 
fhort, they cannot be too lightly applied, nor lie 
too foft and eafy; our principal view being not 
to obftrudi nature in the execution of a work, 
fhe is generally equal to ; and in which we can 
lend her very little real afliftance, beyond that of 
removing impediments out of the way. Let the 
medicines themfelves then at firft be fuch as the 
above, foft, lenient, and relaxing; and applied 
to the parts in fuch a manner as to be no burthen 
to them by their diftention ; for under fuch cir- 
cumftance, they refift thofe efforts, which nature 
always makes towards reftoring parts with lofs of 
fubftance to their natural ftate and fixe: when 
digeftion is thus obtained, very fimple applications 
will effedt the cure, even dry lint alone to abforb 
the matter, which is now the beft balfam that 
can be applied. We thought proper to lay down 
this general dodtrine, as the contrary practice is Phe Surgical Part of 
but too frequently purfued by duffing in tents,' 
loaded with greafy ointments, under the abfurd 
notion of heating from the bottom ; and a ridi- 
culous dependance on what are called drawing 
and healing Salves and Ointment. 
It may be necefiary in this place to obferve 
that almoft all Anus’s, or hollow parts, fhould be 
laid open with the knife, and that all fiftulous in- 
duration, or hardneflcs, that melt not down by 
digeftion, fhould be removed by the fame means, 
when praQicable. It is worth notice alfo, that on 
thofe parts where a roller and bandage can be 
applied, they fhould never be omitted ; as by 
their pro flu re on the fore they fupprefs, the too 
quick growth of fpongy, loofe flefb, and defend 
the part from a flux of humours. When the fun- 
gous flefh is once advanced, the fhorteft way is 
to pare it down with a knife, or level it by rub- 
bing with a bit of cauftic. 
A Digejlive Ointment for Wounds of the tendinous 
and Membranous Parts, as joints, &c. 
TAKE of Venice turpentine one ounce ; the 
yolks of two eggs; honey and tincture of 
myrth, of each one ounce. 
Remark* 
This dreffing is calculated for wounds and 
fores near the joints, w'here membranes and ten- 
dons are contiguous *, which if dreflcd with the Practical Farriery. 
above ointments, would be thereby fouled, from 
the unctuoufnefs of the compofition.. 
Ointment, called Arc ecus Liniment. 
TAKE of mutton fwet frefh tried two pounds. 
gum elemi one pound, Venice turpentine 
ten ounces, melt the gum with the fuel. 
and taking from the fire, immediately mb: 
in the turpentine. 
Remark 
This compofition is proper for frefti wounds 
and is to be preferred fometimes to the bafilicons; 
as it is lefs fubjetf to produce fungous flefh. We 
beg leave once more to obferve, that all applica- 
tions of this kind,, confift in affording a kind foft 
medium between the air, and the exhalations 
arifing from the wound; which being by that 
means retained, changes the extravafated humours 
into a laudable matter ; this is the bafis which 
fuflains and conne&s the new tender fucceeding 
fibres; and other balfams a£l only in imitation of 
this natural one; and are therefore the more 
valuable? the nearer they approach to this. 
It may be neceflary however to obferve, that, 
in fome kinds of old fores, or ulcers, the applica- 
tions muft be varied according to the ftate of the 
inflammation, and the difference of conftiution; 
for where a proper degree of heat is deficient, a 
due digefion cannot be procured, without the Yhr Survival Part of 
alliance of gently dim dating, and warm ap- 
plications ; and where the contrary {late prevails, 
thole that, are relaxing , and cooling mud be em- 
ployed ; but where the pvs, or matter, is fpon- 
taneoudy laudable, nothin: more is required than 
to detend the ulcer from the injuries of the air, 
and other exterior bodies; and this the ufe of 
dry lint will effedt (as already obferved) with any 
fimple covering; as it is the fofteft medium, that 
can be applied to the tender fprouting granula- 
tions of new flefh; will abforb the matter which 
will be the bed falve that can be applied ; and 
prevent the luxuriancy of fpongy flefh, which, is 
frequently obliged to be cropt, and fubdued, by 
painful, and cor rod ve applications. 
Before we leave this part of the-healing art, 
vve fhall repeat what we have partly obferved 
before, that the (inns'*s or cavities branching out 
from abfceffes, or fores, into the adipofe parts, 
or interfaces of the mufcles, where matter is 
confined, frequently prevents the healing of the 
fore: Under this circumdance, if a depending 
orifice cannot be obtained, and the finus’s be dol- 
ed by comprdlion and bandage, the mod ex- 
peditious method of cure is to dilate them 
throughout with the knife. 
When thefe finus’s have been negleded, the 
cavities by time grow hard and pipey, and are 
then called fidulas. In order to a complete cure, 
the callofity fhould be intirely extirpated, 
and the part brought to the date of a trefli Practical Farriery. 
wound, and then treated as fuch ; this is the 
fhorteft and moft effectual method of treating 
fiftulas that are within the reach of the knife ; 
where this laft remedy cannot be put in practice, 
corrofive injections may be ufed, prepared with 
the fublimate folution, and aegyptiacum : or 
tents fpread with the prascipitate ointment, or a 
little fublimate. 
Ointment called Mgyptiacum. 
TAKE of verdigreafe well pounded five 
ounces, of honey, fourteen ounces, and 
of vinegar, feven ounces, boil them 
together, till they acquire the confidence 
of an ointment. 
Remark. 
This competition (improperly called ointr- 
ment) is detergent; and is applied in that inten- 
tion to foul ulcers, and mortifications, it is of 
ufe alfo to rub thofe fpecks in the mouth with, 
called cankers, for which it is very effectual. 
Arqnehufade. 
■* TAKE of comfry leaves and roots, fage, 
mugwort, and buglofs, of each four hand- 
fuls ; betony, fanicle, ox eye daily, com- 
mon daify, greater figwort, plantane, agri- 
mony, vervain, wormwood, fennel, of The Surgical Part of 
each two handfuls; St. John's wort, long 
birthwort, orpine, veronica, leffer cen- 
taury, milfoil, tobacco, moufe-ear mint, 
hyflbp, of each one handful, wine twenty 
four pints. Having cut and bruifed the 
herbs, pour on them the wine, and let 
them ftand together in digeftion, in horfe 
dung, or any other equivalent heat, for 
three days ; afterwards diftil in an alembic 
with a moderate fire.. 
Remark.. 
This celebrated remedy is with many in great 
efieem for refolding coagulated blood in bruifes 
for dlfcufling fwellings-; for the cure of all 
fprains ; for eleanfing and healing ulcers and: 
wounds particularly thofe from gun fhot; for 
which faculty it takes its name.-We would by no 
means depreciate a medicine in fuch general 
efteem; yet we can’t help faying, that on a 
firifit examination of the ingredients fingly, the 
virtues of moll of the herbs refide in fuch parts, 
as are not capable of being elevated in this pro- 
cefs. In juftice however to fo favourite a remedy, 
we can’t help confefiing, that if it is not power- 
ful enough to perform the wonders attributed to 
it, yet it is too innocent in general to do any con- 
fiderable mifchief; a point furely of no fmall 
moment in medicine; and which will no doubt,, 
ever be thought of the utrnofl confequence both 
to the prefcriber, as well as to tjie patient. Fra ft teal Farriery. 
35 
A drejjing for Gun foot Wounds. 
TAKE of the wound ointment, or black 
bafiiicon four ounces, of the oil or balfam 
of turpentine two ounces. Melt them 
down together. 
Remark. 
It may be of feme ufe to lay down here the 
general dodfrine, and treatment of gun-ftiot 
wounds. In the firft place the ball, and extrane- 
ous bodies fhould he extradited without violence 
done to the parts : the bleeding, if from any 
considerable veffel, fhould be Secured by ligature, 
to which end the wound may be enlarged, to 
facilitate the tying it up more readily; which 
will alfo be of great ufe, by unbridling the parts. 
The firft drefling may be of lint, or tow, dipt 
in warm oil, which will foften the efehars, and 
promote digeftion : The next may be the above, 
made warm, and applied to the bottom, in order 
to relax, and Separate the efehars, which line all 
the infi.de of the wound, and Shut up the mouths 
of all the veffels in contadfc with it. Some days 
are required for the Separation of thefe efehars, 
which is effedfed by means of the nutritious 
juices, that ouze out from innumerable minute 
veffels, and gradually Separate the dead, from 
the living parts. The Digeftive poultice above 
mentioned will be found very uiehil, applied over 36 
The Surgical Part of 
the dreflings; and where the native heat of the 
part is defective, a warm fomentation is neceffary, 
before their application. 
A dreffing for a Mortification, 
TAKE of the'yellow, or black bafilicon 
above, four ounces; oil of turpentine 
and aegyptiacum, of each two ounces. 
melt down together. 
Remarks on Mortifications. 
By mortification, is generally meant the 
putrefaction of the parts of living animals; which 
follows on the intire ftagnation of the blood, and 
other circulating humors in them.—The inten- 
tions of cure mud be various, according to the 
caufes which produce the mortification; and 
regard mud be had alfo to the different dages of 
it. Thus where too great inflammation is the 
difpofing caufej evacuations, and refolving emol- 
lients are proper, in order to leflen the weight 
and quantity of the blood ; and to attenuate the 
obdruCfed fluids before they become putrid.— 
When it arifes from weak folids, and vitiated 
fluids, warm dimulating applications mud be 
ufed externally, aflided by internals that will in- 
vigorate the habit, and prevent the putrefaction 
of the fluids ; among which, the bark Is cele- 
brated by fome for this purpofe.—Scarifications 
are neceffary to relax the fkin, abate the tendon Praftical Farriery. 
37 
of the velfels, and to give a free difcharge to the 
putrid ferum. Nature is then to be affifted by 
drefling the mortified parts with animated di- 
geftives, emollient and difcutient fomentations, 
and poultices, of the fame kind ; which pre- 
ferring their heat longer will give a general 
warmth to the whole limb or parts adjacent; 
thefe will ftrengthen the velfels, facilitate the re- 
paration of the dead from the living parts and 
refill the putrefaction, this purpofe, there- 
fore after fcarifying the part to the quick, and 
walking the incifions with hot oil of turpentine, 
dolfils of tow dipt in this drefling made fcalding 
hot, Ihould be applied, and a thick poultice of 
bdfcr grounds and London treacle Ihould be laid 
over. This Ihould be done twice a day, foment- 
ing firlt with the difcutient fomentation and 
fpirits: when the mortification is llopt, and the 
Houghs feparate, which is effe&ed by the impulfe 
of the circulating fluids, the drefling may be 
changed for the bafilicon mixed with pre- 
cipitate. 
An Ointment to male Hair grow. 
TAKE of burnt cork powder’d, mix it up 
with oil or lard. 
Remark 
This fimple application is very proper for the 
intended purpofe,- and will at the fame time con- 
ceal a difagreeable eye fore. The Surgical Part of 
A Dijfolvent Ointment. 
TAKE of calves feet oil, one pint, oil of 
turpentine three ounces, of white foap 
four ounces. Mix together with a gentle 
heat. 
Remark. 
After violent drains, the fheaths- of the 
tendons are often clogged with a.vifcid humour, 
which growing thick, and hard, impedes their 
free motion ; this ointment therefore being both 
emollient and difeutient, is properly calculated to 
anfwer this intention. Rub’d well into the part 
twice a day.. 
A Detergent Ointment. 
TAKE a pound of digeflive ointment, ami 
add to it in fine powder, an ounce of 
verdigreafe, or two of red praecipitate 
levigated. 
Remark. 
When an ulcer or wound, inflead of an ap- 
pearance of red granulations on the furface, is 
attended with a thick, dirty yellow, tenacious 
flough, or foulnefs,. it rauft be removed, by the 
application of fuch medicines, as will Simulate Pr aft leal Farrier y. 
39 
the veffels to a reparation of it; or of fuch as 
deftroy its fubftance, and produce a frefti and 
equal furface y which is the ufual effect of the 
above medicines. But when this appearance 
arifes from a depravity of the humors, the 
habit rauft be corrected by alteratives, and mer- 
curial phyfic, before this end can be obtained by 
any externals whatever. When, inftead of 
thefe (loughs; good white laudable pus is pro- 
duced ; the fore then requires only to be defend- 
ed from the air and external injuries, and covered 
with dry lint as before obferved ; Nature being, 
ever difpofed to pufh forth new granulations, in 
order to reftore the loft flefh in the propereft 
manner: For tho’ by the application of unfituous 
applications of too relaxing a nature, the growth 
of flefti is accelerated ; yet inftead of being the 
durable and firm granulations of nature, it proves 
to be only a bloated, fungous fubftance, that 
muft be totally removed, before a folid foundation 
for healing can be laid; but while the fprouting 
fibres are only kept moiftened by the matter which 
exudes from the extremities of the different 
vefiels in the fore, we fliould confider it as the 
moft congenial falve; which neither accelerates 
R luxuriant growth, or retards a languid one.. 
A Pal [am for frejh Wounds. 
TAKE of gum benjamin, three ounces, 
ftoran two ounces, balfam of peru and 
tolu,, of each half an ounce, fuccotorine 40 
The Surgical Part of 
aloes fix drams; myrrh two ounces; reCti- 
fied fpirit of wine two pints; infufe in a 
warm place for feveral days, till the gums 
are diflfolved, then decant. 
Remark. 
This is an elegant preparation, inferior in 
efficacy to no Fryar's balfam, tho’ it does not 
confift of half the number of ingredients, ’tis 
thought by fome to be a proper application to 
frefh wounds, as it varnifhes over the naked 
fibres, and defends them from the air. It may 
alfo be properly applied to wounds of the joints, 
tendinous and membranous parts alone, or mixed 
with oil of turpentine; or the digeftive above 
recommended ; thefe animated dreffings have a 
power of correcting the juicel, and of defending 
the parts from putrefaction, which is peculiar 
to the denfe texture of tendinous, and mem- 
branous fubftances; whole extravafated juices, 
are not fo eafily d'i feu fled, and therefore often 
change their nature, to an acrid pulrefcent ftate ; 
frequently producing an eryfipelas, or inflamma- 
tion, with famous difcharge ; which often ter- 
minates in mortification of the part. 
A drying Ointment. 
TAKE of oil of olives twelve pounds, yellow 
wax, fimple diachylon plafter, and lapis 
calaminaris finely levigated, of each fix Frail teal Farriery. 
41 
pounds; when the above are melted, flir in 
the powder by degrees, till it is thoroughly 
incorporated. 
Remark. 
We recommend this as a very ufeful remedy ; 
which Ihould be always kept in the liable, ready 
to be applied to any cutaneous injury ; ’tis a pro- 
per application to burns, fealds, &c. and to 
drefs wounds and ulcers with, in the laft flage of 
the cure. It is a better medicine than what goes 
under the name of Turner's cerate; for being 
of a firmer confluence, it fufpends the powder, 
and prevents it’s feparating by the heat of the 
fore.—Diachylon plafler melted down with neats 
feet oil, is alfo a good general application for 
thefe intentions. 
Ointment oj Lead. 
TAKE of oil of olives one pint, white wax 
three ounces, fugar of lead one ounce, rub 
the fugar of lead firfl finely powdered with 
fome of the oil, then add them to the wax 
melted with the remainder of the oil, and 
flir it ’till it is grown cold. 
Remark. 
This ointment is cooling and repelling, and 
is proper in all cafes, where thofe intentions arc  The Surgical Puri of 
42 
required. It may be fubftituted in the room or 
all the reft of the cooling ointments. 
The Ointment called Nutritum. 
TAKE of litharge and vinegar, each four- 
ounces ; oil of olives twelve ounces ; let 
them be rubbed together in a mortar, al- 
ternately pouring in part of the oil and vi- 
negar, ’till the mixture be completed, and 
the vinegar can no longer be feparately 
diftinguhhedi. 
R E M A R, K. 
This old compofition alfo is cooling and re- 
pellent : It is ufed for burns, and inflammations 
of the fldn, and being of a firmer confidence, 
fpreads better on rag, or tow, than fome others.. 
Ointment of M'arjhm allows. 
TAKE of the oil of mucilages, or of neats 
feet oil, three pints, of yellow wax one 
pound, of yellow refih half a pound, and 
of common turpentine two ounce. Melt 
the refm and wax with the oil, then, being 
taken off the fire, add the turpentine, and 
ftrain the mixture while it is hot. Fraflical F a r r i ery. 
43 
Remark. 
We recommend this as a general emollient, 
which maybe applied to parts that want foftening; 
and will anfwer the end of moll others for this 
intention. 
\The White Ointment called Unguentum. 
TAKE of white wax fix ounces. Melt it in 
three pound of oil of olives, and then add by 
degrees cerufe finely powder’d, one pound. 
mix them well byilirring. 
Remark. 
This is of a cooling aftringent quality, and 
in fome degree repellent, like the nutritum and- 
lead ointment. 
Mercurial Ointment. 
TAKE of tried hogs lard two pounds, of 
crude mercury one pound, and of the 
fimple balfam of fulphur, or Venice turpen- 
tine, half an ounce ; rub the quickfilver 
with the balfam, till it no longer appears. 
diftinQ:, then add, by degrees, the lard" 
made warm, and mix them carefully. 44 
The Surgical Part of 
R E M A R K.. 
This compofition is of great ufe as a dif- 
cutient, in diffolving hard fweliings on the mem- 
branes, tendons, and joints, alfo warbles and fit- 
fafls. If perfevered in foe fame time, few of 
thofe indurations can refill its power: it is pre- 
ferable to all plafters of this kind ; as the mer- 
cury in them is too much clogged up with tena- 
cious fubftances to admit its free entrance into 
the part. 
An Ointment again ft the Itch. 
TAKE of oil of olives fix ounces, of white 
wax two ounces, melt them together, and 
then mix with them half an ounce of white 
precipitate well ground. 
Remark. 
This is a very elegant compofition for the 
itch, has no difagreeable feent, nor will it greafe 
the cloths that touch it, or foul the {kin wffien 
firfl laid on. The parts affe&ed may be {lightly 
rubbed over with it at three or four different times. 
The difguflful fmell of fulphurous ointments ge- 
nerally made ufe of may thus be avoided,, and 
this difagreeable malady cured by a fafe pleafant 
and efficacious remedy ; but perhaps It is better 
calculated for the groom than the horfe, and for 
that reafon is here inferted. Praftical Farriery. 
45 
Train Ointment. 
TAKE of mutton fuet, and tar, each four 
ounces, train oil eight ounces. Melt them 
together. 
Remark. 
This is a proper remedy to anoint the hoofs 
of a horfe, when parched and dry: crackt 
heels alfo may be fuccefsfully anointed with it. 
BUJlering Ointment, 
TAKE of marfhmallow ointment two ounces. 
quickfilver one ounce, thoroughly broke with 
an ounce of Venice turpentine, Spanifli flies 
one dram and a half, oil of origanum two 
drams ; mix together. 
Remark. 
Blistering is much ufed In farriery, in or- 
der to procure a quick and lafting difeharge from 
•the part aflFe£ted. The flies a£l by their irrita- 
tion ; and their Emulating fait being received 
into the abforbing veflels penetrates deeply, at- 
tenuates grofs humours, and is found very fer- 
viceable in old lamenefles and ftiff joints. In old 
drains of the joints and tendons, where a fullnefs 
and hardriefs remains, nothing is fo likely to re- The Surgical Part of 
move it, as repeated bliftering in the following 
manner. After (having off the hair as clofe as 
poflible, apply the ointment pretty thick over 
the part; this ftiould be done in the morning, 
and the horfe kept tied up all day, without any 
litter till night; when he may be untied in 
order to lie down ; and a pitch or any flicking 
plafter may be laid over it, and bound on with a 
broad tape or bandage ; After the blifler has done 
running, and the parts begin to dry and peel 
off, it may be applied a fecond time, which 
feldom fails of diffolving the hardnefs, and ef- 
fecting a cure. Should this method not fuc- 
ceed in feme obftinate joint lameneffes, recourfe 
muft be had to firing the part by an ingenious 
farrier. 
Remarks on objlinate Lameneffes. 
We beg leave to obferve here, that horfes 
are frequently fubjed to a lamenefs in the hip 
joint, as well as in other and li- 
gamentous parts; which often continues obfti- 
nately fixed there, notwithftanding the ufe of 
purging and other internal remedies: this may 
probably be caufed by fome acrid juices feparated 
from the blood, and fhed out of the veffels upon 
thefe parts. If therefore they are, as we . fup- 
pofe, extravafated, and out of the laws of cir- 
culation, which the locality of pain feems to 
prove, the a&ual cautery bids faireft for their 
removal; for as it penetrate® deep into the cellu- Practical Farriery, 
47 
Sar fubftance, whofe communication ,with the 
■other membranes is very apparent, and consider- 
able : thefe acrid juices may thus be difcharged 
prime facie, and the whole tela cellulofa em- 
tied of its fluids by a conftant difeharge pro- 
duced by Several of thefe ulcerations. The 
force of fire, though difficult to be accounted 
for; and the preference due to the hot iron, 
over rowels, fetons, and cauftic medicines, has 
long been obferved in the practice of farriery; 
and that it a£ts with Superior and uncommon ef- 
ficacy ; and though the horror, with which the 
burning cautery infpires the human patieht, has, 
no doubt, been the caufe of baniftiing it from 
modern Surgery (permitting the brute creation 
only to reap the benefit of it) while milder and 
gentler means have been introduced in its ftead ; 
yet it is much to be feared, fince thiscomplaifant 
adoption, that our fucceflfes in Some obftinate 
cafes have not been equal to thofe of our fore- 
fathers, who were very liberal in the ufe of the 
cautery, and were happy in having patients to 
fieal with,, as intrepid as themfelves. 
An Ointment for the Mang or Scab. 
TAKE of fulphur vivum, finely powdered 
half a pound, crude fal ammoniac one 
ounce, hogs lard enough to form an oint- 
ment ; rub it well into the parts affe&ed 
every day. 48 
The Surgical Fart of 
Another for the fame Diflemper. 
TAKE of qulckfilver and of oil of vitriol. 
of each one ounce; Ihake them well in a 
bottle, ’till -the quickfilver is thoroughly 
divided; then add fulphur vivum four 
ounces, hogs lard a pound, apply it as the 
former. 
Remark. 
The ufual remedy for this diforder is brlra- 
ftone, train oil, and tar, to which white hel- 
lebore or ginger is added by fome, with a third 
part of the mercurial ointment; The fubli- 
mate wafh may alfo be ufed at the fame time to 
advantage. 
Liniment for the Lyes. 
TAKE of tutty finely powder’d, or of col- 
cothar of vitriol well wafiied and powder’d 
one dram, vipers fat, or goofe greafe, one 
ounce, mix them by grinding well together 
on a ftone. 
Remark* 
The goofe greafe which is to be procured 
with lefs trouble and expence than the viper fat, 
is full as efficacious, and is to be preferred to 
lard or butter: where the eye is attended with a Practical Farriery. 
49 
great flow of humours, this medicine will great- 
ly abate the defluxion, and inflammation ; and is 
a more efficacious repellent than many others, 
that are ufed in this form. The colcothar fhould 
firft be well wafhed, otherwife it may be fo acrid, 
as to increafe the fluxion and inflammation : un- 
der fuch circumflance, let the lid be anointed 
with fugar of lead, and mucilage of quinces. 
An Ointment agaivfl Specks or Films. 
TAKE of ointment of tutty one once, honey 
of rofes two drams, white vitriol, or fail 
ammoniac finely powder’d half a dram. 
A Detergent Liniment. 
TAKE of myrrh finely powder’d half a. 
dram, camphor five grains, white vitriol 
ten grains, honey two drams, rub them 
together with a little fpring water to the 
confifience of a foft liniment. 
Remark. 
These may be applied to the eye, by means 
a feather or pencil drawn over it, in all 
toulnefi'es of the cornea, or outward membranes, 
and will be retained on the part longer than 11- 
fluid forms : they fhould be daily applied ’till 
tfie film or fpeck difappears : to gratify the 
fader’s curiofi'ty we infert the following, which The Surgical Part of 
was long in great efteem for the difeafes of the 
eye. 
RheriuPs Ointment for the Eyes. 
TAKE of tutty prepared an ounce and a half. 
camphor one, dram, verdigreafe twelve 
grains; let them be rubbed together to 
an impalpable powder; then mix them 
intimately with an ounce of frefii unfalted 
butter. 
Remark. 
This medicine has long been of eftablifhed 
reputation for removing films of the cornea, 
and after the firil inflammation is abated, for 
drying up the defluxion: The quantity of a 
Tmall bean may be daily put into the corner of 
the eye ; or the infide of the eyelids bebefmeared 
with it. The juice of tobacco and frefh butter 
boiled together to the, confidence of an oint- 
ment, has aifo been found very efficacious for 
this purpofe. 
Sir Hans Sloane’s Medicine for the Eyes. 
TAKE of prepared tutty one ounce, of lapis 
haematitis prepared, two fern pies,, of the 
beft aloes twenty, four grains, prepared pearl 
four grains: put them into a marble mortar, 
with a proper quantity, of viper’s fat to make 
an ointment. Frafllcal Farriery. 
Remark-. 
This may be ufed as the former, by means 
of a pencil or feather. The aqua faphirina to 
be had of the apothecary’s, may be dropt into 
the eye for this purpofe ; the juice of celandine 
has alfo been fuccefsfully ufed in thefe cafes \ 
equal parts alfo of fal ammoniac, or white vi- 
triol, and fugar candy finely powder’d, and 
blown into the eye, have alfo been attended with 
the fame fuccefs. 
Dr. Mead’r Ointment for Fihns. 
TAKE of glafs fiflefy levigated, and, mix: It 
up with honey. 
R E M A R K. 
This fimple remedy, is laid, by its melding 
quality, to gradually wear off films, and to an- 
fwer the intention of more pompous applications: 
but notwithftanding the fan£tion of fo great au- 
thority, as Dr. Mead, we think it may fometimes 
be injurious in pra£rice: for as it moil probably 
a£ts by its fpicula or points, filing, as it were, 
the protuberances on the cornea, or outer coat ; 
fo this effedf cannot feemingly be produced by 
>uch means, without fcratching and wounding 
bi fome degree, every other part of the mem- 
brane which is found ; which may occafion frefh The Surgical Part of 
inflammation, and confequently render it left 
tranfparent. 
General Remarks on Eyes. 
The above remedies are calculated for the ex- 
ternal diforders of the eye ; and can be of no 
lervice in that fpecies of blindnefs which arifes 
from an internal caufe, and renders the chryftal- 
linc humours opake, In fhort, produces a catarafl. 
Why horfes are more particularly fubjed to this 
difeafe, than other quadrupeds, may poflibly be 
owing to the violence of their exercife; which 
too forceably impels the circulating fluids into the 
finer feries of lymphatic veflels; where forming 
obftrudions in the chryftafline humour, cornea, 
(Sc. the rays of light can no longer pervade 
thefe now condenfed bodies : It may alfo be part- 
ly owing to their dry aliment, which by render- 
ing the blood and juices too vrfeid, may impede 
their free circulation through thefe minute ca- 
nals. But why, in general, blindnefs fliould af- 
fed only horfes, at a certain period of age, feems 
rather difficult to account for; as in every 
ftage of life, -they are fubjed to the fame incon- 
veniencies, from a too rapid circulation, or too 
vifeid a ftate of fluids; It is remarkable alfo, 
that after various attacks, alternately on both 
eyes, if one efcapes, the horfe is feldom or 
never fubjed to the like malady. If the dif- 
order then arifes from the internal flate of the 
circulating fluids, the difficulties that enfue in Traffical Farriery. 
53 
altering fo large a mafs of fluids, muft be very 
obvious ; and that all external remedies, with the 
help of rowels, fetons> and evacuations, can only 
afford a temporary relief, by depleting the vef- 
fels, and abating the firft Inflammation : So that 
when we hear of an infallible external remedy 
for moon blindnefs as his called, we may very 
juflly fufpe£t an impofxticn ; as thofe remedies 
cannot a<st on the humours within the globe of 
the eye. The only medicines therefore which 
bid faireft for removing this diforder, or rather 
preventing it, are undoubtedly the mercurial ; 
which alone are able to dilfolve the too vifeid, 
and tenacious juices, and open beginning obftruc- 
hons in the minuteft veffels. To anfwer this 
purpofe, the blood (hould by degrees be faturated 
with this medicine, given in fmall quantities; 
narrowly watching the effedfs by examining daily 
the horfe’s mouth ; left a falivation fhould be 
brought on ; which, it is found, a horfe cannot 
lately pafs through : As foon therefore as he de- 
tunes his food, abftain totally from the mercurial 
medicine, and give repeated dofes of gentle phy- 
hc, ’till this fymptom is removed ; during this 
tourfe, the horfe fliould be kept well cloathed 
warm ; free from wet, cold, and inclement 
"Weather.—But as this method requires greater 
fkill and management than the generality of 
grooms are poffeffed of; it may perhaps be fafer 
to give a dram of calomel every night, for three 
or four nights, with a purge the fubfequent The Surgical Part of 
54 
morning; and repeat them occafion ally ; or the 
mercurial folution may be given for fome time 
to anfwer the fame piirpofe, vide Chap, on 
Alteratives. 
Qhfervations on Animal Growth, &c. 
Whether the above conje&ures are well 
founded or the intention of cure is rationally de- 
duced, we fubmit to the candid, and judicious ; 
who, we hope will excufe the following digref- 
fio.n, on the growth, and declination of animal 
bodies, as it in fome meafure elucidates this ob- 
fer.vation, that as all animals are daily gaining, or 
iofipg, force feries of veffels, or other, through 
Uicir whole lives, jo particular diftempers gene- 
rally appear, at fuch and f'uch particular ages.— 
Thus a very elegant writer has ohferved, that 
from the moment the heart begins to beat, it 
protrudes the fluids through the canals, formed 
to receive them ; firfl: opening the largeft, and 
gradually unfolding the leafl, in a continual de- 
creasing feriesin this manner the body is daily 
increafed in bulk, ’till the refinance of the vef- 
iels becomes fuperior to the force of the heart* 
then longitudinal growth ceafes; but the fides 
of the veffels Hill giving way, the animal con- 
tinues to grow in breadth only.-—When the 
greateff number of veflTels are open, and ad- 
mit a free circulation of the fluids through them, 
that is the moment in which the animal body has 
attained its higheft perfection in health ; tho’ ftiength and a&ivity is afterwards encreafed by 
fome of the fmalleft veffels being consolidated 
into fibres, which appear to us to be quite im- 
pervious. It is probable that the ftate of per- 
fection from this period, immediately declines j 
every day bereaves us of fome or other of the 
fmalleft veffels, which were pervious the day 
before; the bounds of circulation is gradually 
lefien’d ; ftrength imperceptibly decays ; the 
circulation' is brought into a< narrower compafs ; 
the veflels collapfe. Become rigid and bony the 
heart grown feeble, can no longer overcome their 
rcfiftance; and the natural death of the animal 
enfues.—Thefe are the progreftlve ftages of na- 
ture, which are often broke in upon by difeafes; 
moil of which arife from fuch an- indifpofition of 
the fluids, ascenders them.unfit to pafs through 
their canals fo freely, as that a total and perfefl 
circulation can be performed; and from hence 
obftrudtions will arife in the different. Series of 
veffels, which will be produ&ive of a variety of 
diforders, and anticipate the ftages of decaying 
nature as above delcribed.. Indeed it is rather 
matter of wonder, that an animal machine fo 
curioufly fabricated* as is that of horfe, or 
man* fhould hold out fo long, without being 
diforder’d, or wearing out* when we confider 
the many rude Shocks the one meets with from 
the violence of labour, and the want of due care, 
in the management of them ; and the other from 
intemperance, and inclement feafons, which are 
but too often fufficient to difturb that due equi- 
Practical Farriery. 
55 Ebe Surgical Part of 
librium between the folids and. fluids, fo neceflary 
*o health and life. 
An Ointment for a wounded Eye. 
TAKE of honey of rofes, and of the muci- 
lage of quinfeed, of each one ounce, tinc- 
ture of myrrh two drams. Introduce it to 
the wound by means of a feather, twice a 
day, made warm. 
Remark. 
Should the eye be much inflamed, foment 
it well with milk and water, before the applica- 
tion of the above, and apply a foft poultice over 
it of bread and milk ; or of grated bread, mu- 
cilage of quinfeed and faffron. Bleeding flbould 
be repeated, if the inflammation gives not 
way; nor fhould cooling phyfic, and nitre be 
omitted. 
An Ointment for the Hoofs, 
TAKE of bees wax two ounces, frefh butter 
or lard, fix ounces, tar one ounce, as much 
neats feet oil as will bring it to the con- 
fiftence of a fmooth ointment. 
We give this as a very proper ointment for 
dry hard hoofs ; but if they are inclined to be 
rotten, bathe them often with chamberlye, and Practical Farriery 
57 
anoint the foot and foal every day with the 
following 
Ointment for the foals and Hoof 
TAKE linfeed brulfed two pounds, boil it 
in two quarts of chamberlye, to the confif- 
tence of a poultice, then add fix ounces of. 
foft green foap.. 
Remark.- 
This is a proper medicine to foften the hoof 
and foal, and will prevent the putrefa&ion of the 
latter. 
An Ointment againf ohfinate Scratches, 
TAKE of Venice turpentine four ounces, 
quickfilver two ounces, incorporate well to- 
gether, then add honey and fheep’s full, ofi 
each four ounces;. 
R E M A R K. 
Let the fcratches be anointed with this 
twice a day ; and let fome of the fame be fpread 
on rag, or tow, and applied all over the heel, if 
hard and callous. 
An Ointment againf Rat Pa tIS 
TAKE of black foap four ounces, quick- 
lime powder’d two ounces, vinegar enough 
to form into an ointment. The Surgical Part of 
Remark. 
This difeafe is of two kinds, moift and dry f 
to the former any of the above drying ointments 
may be ufed ; to the latter, the lafl: mercurial 
ointment,, or this; but if the hardnefs fubmits 
not to thefe, it muff be pared off with a knife, 
and dreffed with tar, turpentine and honey, 
to which verdigreafe may be added. After 
which the mercurial ointment may be re-- 
applied. 
An Ointment for Sand Cracks, and crackt 
Hoofs. 
TAKE of Venice turpentine, bees wax, tar. 
and deer’s fui-t, equal quantities melt, to-- 
get her. 
R E M A R K., 
|f the crack does not penetrate through thee 
hoof ’tis readily cured, by paring away the edges 
and anointing it daily, with: the above; but, 
when it. pafles through the hoof, the cure then 
is attended with difficulty; as matter is fre-- 
quently formed underneath, which if not pro- 
perly treated, will degenerate into a quitter. 
The above is a good remedy for a prick, or* 
wound in the foot, from gravel, nails, &c. Af-. 
ter being well cleanfed, and walhed with foap and 
water. Practical Farr i e ft y. 
An Ointment again ft Grtafy Hceh. 
TAKE of white lead, roach alum’, and white 
vitriol of each half a pound, verdigreafeor.e 
ounce, green copperas three ounces, re- 
duce them to a fine powder, and then add 
an ounce of oil of vitriol and a pound of 
honey, work it up with train oil to a proper 
confidence.. 
Remark. 
This is faid to be of known efficacy for 
corroding ulcers, that are fometimes attendant 
on Greafy heels; It is an efle&ual remedy for 
bracing up the relaxed veficls of the parts, 
which a continual drain mud of courfe bring 
on ; and confidering the denfe texture of the 
fibres of a Horle,' may be not at all too ir- 
ritating. 
An Ointment againft Mallenders and Sallehders.. 
TAKE of hog’s lard two ounces, fublimate 
mercury two drams; 
R E M A R K. 
After the cracks have been wdf wafhed 
and cleanfed with a lather of fbap warraed> let 
be rubbed with’ a little of this ointment The Surgical Part of 
night and morning, if the mercurial one fliould 
be applied ineffectually. 
Another againji the fame. 
TAKE of sethiops mineral half an ounce. 
white vitriol one dram, foft green foap fix 
ounces. 
Remark. 
After clipping away the hair, and clearing 
the fcabs, anoint with this often. On their dry- 
ing up, a purge or two may be neceflary. 
An healing Ointment for the Hoofs. 
TAKE of bafilicon one pound, wax and neat’s 
foot oil, of each half a pound, refin, four 
ounces, mix together. 
Remark. 
Some ointments of this kind have been al- 
ready given; but for the generality of thefe cafes, 
and where the cracks are deep, we give this the 
preference. 
Another. 
TAKE of neat’s feet oil, tar, and bees-wax, 
equal parts; melt them down together. JPraflical Farriery. 
Remark. 
This alfo is well calculated for the above in- 
tention, and to anoint brittle hoofs with. 
An Ointment for a recent Splint, or bony Ex- 
crefcence. 
TAKE of Marfhmallow ointment an ounce, 
oil of origanum an ounce and a half, tinc- 
ture of euphorbium one dram, fublimate 
and Spanifh flies powder’d of each half a 
dram, mix together. 
Remark. 
Rub this liniment into the part for a confider- 
able time. In twenty four hours, the fplint, 
which is often a thickening of the membrane 
covering the bone, will become foft, and a kind 
of dew appear on the fkin, the part may then 
be gently ftroked with a finger dipt in fweet oil. 
But to an old fplint where the bone itfelf is in- 
largcd, a judicious application of the cauflic, or 
a&ual fire, can only be fuccefsful: freffi elicam- 
pane bruifed is often efficacious for this purpofe in 
the firfl; cafe. 
An Ointment againji Farcy Buds, 
TAKE of ointment of elder four ounces, oil 
of turpentine two ounces, fugar of lead Tibe Surgical Part of 
half an ounce, white vitriol powder’d two 
drams, mix together.. 
Remark. 
After bleeding, cooling phyfic, and giving 
nitre thrice a day for fome time,, the buds fhould 
be anointed with the above night and morning ; 
which when the farcy affects only the fmaller 
veffels, they are fometimes by this method alone 
difperfed; b’ut in order to confirm the cure, rtis 
proper to give two ounces of liver of antimony 
finely powder’d for a fortnight, and then an 
ounce a.day for a fortnight longer. If the difor-v 
der Ihould increafe, and prove obftinate, ufe the 
remedies recommended in chap. V. 
plunket’s Remedy for Canters.- 
TAKE of crow’s foot one handful, well 
pounded, of dog’s fennel three fprigs ; of 
crude brimfibne, three thimbles full ; and 
of white arfenic,. the fame quantity; in- 
corporate them welhin a mortar, then make 
them into dry balls, the fize of a nutmeg, 
and dry them in the fun. 
Remark. 
When thefe are applied, the balls are directed 
to be beat into a fine powder and mixt with the 
yolk of an egg, and laid over the fore* cover’d Practical Farriery. 
with a piece of hogs bladder fmear’d with the 
fame. 
This compofition was formerly in great re- 
pute for curing cancers, it is faid to be the fame 
remedy, which has lately been offer’d to the 
world, as an almofl infallible remedy for that 
purpofe. We give it according to the original 
receipt; but as the arfenic has the principal iharc 
in it, we apprehend it better calculated for the 
horfe, than the hpman patient ; as it can a£l 
only by the cauftic power’ of that ingredient. 
The dread of the knife has lately been the caufe 
of many cancerous patients flying for refuge to 
this painful application, or to cauftics of the fame 
nature; and where the caufe has been local, it 
has often been attended with foccefs; but when 
the tedious, and excruciating pain from the ope- 
ration of the cauftic is put in competi/tion with the 
temporary pain of the knife, we apprehend the. 
preference may eafily be determin’d; 
As arfenic, or fublimate is frequently mad© 
ufe of by our farriers, to feparate the floughs,, 
in fyrcy buds, this compofition may be ufed for 
that purpofe ; as fofftbty it may operate rather 
milder; and in thofe fungous diforders called can- 
kers in the feet, it may be applied with the fame 
intention. 
Oinimcni of Putty, 
TAKE of goofe greafe four ounces, and 
of prepared, tutty two ounces. Mbf The Surgical Part of 
them well by grinding them together on 
a (lone. 
Remark. 
This compofition is greatly emollient and re- 
pellent, which renders it a proper medicine in all 
cafes where a flux of humours attends the eves, , 
with inflammation; proper evacuations being 
premifed : the goofe greafe, is doubtlefs, equally 
efficacious with, if not more fo, than the fat of 
vipers, which is much depended on by feme, in 
compofitions of this kind; it is likewife more 
proper than butter, or lard, as it is much lefs 
fubjedt to turn rancid : it fhould be applied by 
means of a pencil, or feather, or by anointing, 
the eye lafhes therewith.. 
An Ointment againji Nails, Stubs, or Thorns in 
the Feet.. 
TAKE of tar and oil of turpentine of each 
two ounces, deer’s or mutton, fuet one 
ounce, melt togther. 
Remark. 
When a horfe is wounded in the foot from 
the above caufes, after the extraction of the fo- 
reign bodies, let the wound be well cleanfed by 
walhing with foap fuds; then drefs it up with 
lint dipt in the above ointment, or either of the Pr aßi cal F arrierY. 
65 
bafilicons melted down with a little oil of tur- 
pentine : flop up the foot with bran and hogs 
lard heated together, or put the whole foot into 
the turnip, or general poultice : if any par- 
ticles remain behind, the wound mud be di- 
lated by a piece of fpunge tent, and the foal 
pared away thin, in order to get to the bottom. 
Caujlics. 
These are formed of fuch corrofive medi- 
cines as produce an artificial mortification, by de- 
ftroying the texture of the parts to which they 
are applied. They are of great ufe in many 
parts of farriery, by making openings into abfcef- 
les, deftroying excrefcences, and callofities, and 
making artificial drains, in laraeneffes of the 
joints and limbs. 
Rozveh and Scions. 
These applications are undoubtedly alfo of 
great ufe in many parts of farriery, but we fear 
they are often indiscriminately, and injudici- 
oufly applied; for from the reafoning of the 
obfurd farrier, one might imagine that they a£t 
hy a kind of magic, in discharging the bad and 
corrupt humours only from the bleed : What we 
have remarked above in regard to the adfual cau- 
tery, or hot iron, may in fome degree be ap- 
plied to them ; as they are often found of great 
the in draining off extravafated fluids lodged in 66 
The Surgical Part of 
the cellular membrane, and between the inter- 
ilices of the mufcles after violent, drains ipc. 
For there is a wonderful communication be- 
tween the veflels of this membrane throughout 
the whole limb, as appears by inflating thole of 
fheep, calves, &c. by the butcher ; and hence 
probably it is, that feme diforders of this inte- 
gument are fo apparently relieved by them. But 
when they are indifcrirninately applied upon 
every occafion, whether the horfe be fat or lean, 
young or old, of a hot and dry, or of a cold 
and raoift conflitution, under the idle pretence 
of drawing off particular humourthey muff 
frequently be produbtive of bad confluences; 
For the lean, the old, and thofe horfes who are 
bf a dry, hot habit, mufl fuffer from a long 
continued drain of fluids, which may by degrees 
exhauft their ftrength, by defrauding the confti- 
tution of fo neceflary a fupport.—But in difor- 
ders from fullnefs, in young plethoric horfes,. 
attended with acrimony, or fharpnefs of the 
juices; or with defluxions on the eyes, lungs, 
or any other parts of confequence ; the gradual 
difeharge produced by them, will contribute to 
lellen the fullnefs of the parts affected, and give 
the vefl'els an opportunity of recovering their 
tone, while evacuating and alterative medicines- 
are doing their office. 
We In general give the preference to fetons 
made with horfe hair or filk ; the ufual method 
of making rowels being fometimes productive of 
great inflammation, fwelling, gleet, and feven Praflical Farriery. 
mortification; which fymptoms are avoided by 
the fimple method of introducing the feton ; 
where of courfe there is lefs preflure, and irri- 
tation, from the introduction of a foreign body, 
defignedly made ufe of, to keep the part in a 
Hate of reparation, and to facilitate a difcharge 
from the divided veflels. 
Scarifications. 
The operation of cutting the fkin fuper- 
ficially, with a fharp knife, is fometimes of great 
ufe in dropfical fwellings of the belly, (heath, 
and limbs: Thefe appearances often arife from 
an impoverifhed ftate of the blood, and are 
fometimes critical in epidemic CGios ana revcrs. 
By this method, gallons of water have been dif- 
charged ; the limbs, and parts adjacent unloaded, 
a mortification prevented, and horfes have been 
recovered, who were given over for loft, and 
moft probafily would have been, without a 
fpeedy evacuation thus procured. Should the 
incifions heal up, before the water is thoroughly 
difeharged, frefh ones may be made, or the 
parts may be pun&ured in feveral places, with 
the point of a lancet, which will often anfwer 
the end, as well as the incifions. If there fhould 
be any tendency to mortification, foment, or 
fpunge the parts often with the difeutient fo- 
mentation ; which alfo may be applied, if 
there fhould not be any ; in order to fupple 68 
The Surgical Part of 
and relax the incifions, or pun&ures, and by 
keeping open the orifices, favour the difcharge. 
CHAP. 111. 
Plajlers, or Employers. 
A P)efenfttroe Plafier. 
T AKE of oak bark three pounds, alum 
half a pound, boil in twenty four ounces 
of water to fix teen, drain off, and add litharge 
ten pounds, oil of olives twenty pounds, dra- 
gons blood and burgundy pitch, of each eight 
ounces,, mix and make an emplader*. 
Remark. 
This plafter is much more flyptic than 
any of the ufual defenfltives*: but, like al! others 
of this kind, is not to be trufted to alone in any 
violent flrains of the tendons. If indeed the in- 
jury be flight, and unattended with fwelling, af- 
ter bathing the part well with vinegar, it may be 
applied fpread thick on leather, and rowled on 
with a proper bandage ; or after the fwelling has 
fubfided in more violent flrains, it may be ap- 
plied in the fame manner. We mufl confefs, 
however, that though it be generally imagined, 
that plafters compofed of flyptic ingredients, Practical Farriery. 
69 
conftringe, and ftrengthen the parts, to which 
they are applied, yet in our opinion, that hypo- 
thefts has not a very juft foundation ; for plafters 
in general relax, rather than reftringe; the 
unCtuous ingredients neceffary in their compofi- 
tion, counteracting, and deftroying the effect 
of the aftringent; not to enlarge on the local 
perfpiration, which being retained by them, muft 
keep the part in a conftant bath, and of courfe 
in a ftate of relaxation. 
A Mercurial Plajler. 
TAKE of the gum plafter a pound and a half. 
quickfilver twelve ounces, Venice turpen- 
tine an ounce and a half ; grind the quick- 
filver in a mortar with the turpentine, ’till 
the mercurial globules are no longer vifible, 
then having melted the gum plafter and 
taken it from the fire, add to it this 
mixture. 
Remark. 
When the mercurial ointment may he 
thought too troublefome to be frequently re-ap- 
plied, which we mull confefs, we prefer to all 
plafters, whore mercury enters the compofition j 
this may be made ufe of, as it is efteemed a 
powerful refolvent and difcutient, and a£ls in 
general with much greater certainty in thefe in- 
tentions, than any competitions of vegetable fub- 70 
Phe Surgical Part tf 
fiances alone. If fpread thick on leather it may 
be fuccefsfully applied, (after fhaving away the 
hair,) to diflblve recent fwellings on the bones, 
or membranes; as fpavins, jardons, curbs, 
fplints, and ollets; efpecially if they fliould be 
of no long ftanding ; for when that is the cafe, 
nothing but bliftering and firing will avail. 
A Difcutient Plajler. 
TAKE of diachylon plafter with the gums. 
two pounds, euphorbium in powder four 
ounces, burgundy pitch one ounce, mis: 
together. 
Remark. 
This compofition is well calculated for dif- 
folving incipient fplents, hardnefles on the ten- 
dons, or other indurations of the membranes: 
the hair, as before obferved, fhould be clofely 
fliaved before the application, and when the part 
will admit of bandage, it fhould be bound on 
with a rowler, to prevent the removal by the 
horfe. 
Another Difcutleni PlaJijr. 
TAKE of gum ammoniac eight ounces, 
diflblve it in a fufficient quantity of vinegar 
of fquills, then add to it, of the juice 
of hemlock leaves four ounces, ftrain the Fraftical Farriery. 
mixture, and boil to the confiftence of a 
plafter. 
Remark, 
This may be applied fpread thick on leather, 
to hardnefles on the tendons and joints; and ac- 
cording to fome late accounts of the properties 
of hemlock, may prove a ferviceable remedy for 
thispurpofe. Frefh or dry hemlock, boiled and 
bruifed, and applied as a poultice daily, bids fair 
alfo for refolving thofe fwellings, after bathing 
the part well with a decoCfion of the fame: but 
to anfwer the purpofe effectually, it fhould be 
perfevercd in for fome time, for thefe kind of 
dwellings in general yield but (lowly. 
A Dijfolvmt' Plafter. 
TAKE of Indian capficurn a pound, boil in a 
gallon of water to three quarts, drain off 
the liquor, and add of litharge four pounds, 
oil of olives eight pounds, burgundy pitch 
two pounds, yellow wax one pound and a 
half. 
Remark, 
This plafter fpread thick on leather, may be 
ufed tor the fame purpofes as the former: It is 
warm, penetrating, and of an active nature, 
from the principal ingredient, the capficum; as 72 
The Surgical Part of 
the firft is from the euphorbium; thefe two feem 
better- calculated for horfes, than any of the other 
gum plafters, Soap may occafronally be added 
to this. 
A Jlrengtbenlng Plajler. 
TAKE of the defenfitive plafter two pounds, 
of frankincenfe half a pound, of colcothar 
of vitriol and tar, of each three ounces, 
melt the plafter, and then add the powders. 
R E m A R K. 
Where applications of this kind are thought 
ufeful, this plafter may be applied to fprained 
tendons, or joints, when a horfe is to be turn’d 
out to grafs ; but ihougKthis is as well calculat- 
ed as any thing, in this rorm; yet applications 
of this kind are not to be much depended on 
alone, in bad cafes, without that neceflary 
auxiliary, reft ; which is fo extremely eflential 
to the cure, by giving the relaxed fibres time to 
recover their enfeebled tone ; that perhaps many 
a trifling plafter has received the credit of the re- 
covery, which was due principally to that. 
The Soap Plajler. 
TAKE of palm oil, or that of olives four 
pounds, of litharge a pound and a half, 
boil them to the confiftence of a plafter. Prafiical Farriery. 
then add of gum ammoniac, galbanum, 
Venice turpentine, and yellow wax, each 
half a pound, Caftile foap fhaved two 
pounds and a half. 
73 
Remark. 
We recommend this plafter fpread on leather, 
to be applied to any indurations, and knots, on 
the tendons and membranes ; which by the dif- 
fering power of the foap, and the warm irrita- 
tion of the gums, will enable the obftru&ed 
veflels to pufh on the ftagnating humours. 
Jl Suppurative Plajier. 
TAKE of yellow wax two pounds and a 
half, oil of mucilages, or neats feet oil 
eight ounces, of drained gum galbanum 
half a pound, of common turpentine and 
euphorbium of each four ounces. The 
gum being melted with the turpentine, add 
it to the wax melted feparately in another 
veflel with the oil. 
Remark. 
Where the form of plafters is thought pre- 
ferable, this compofition is properly calculated 
to haften the maturation of fwellings tending to 
fuppurate; its adhefivc property, as well as its 
Simulating a&ion renders it very fit for that pur- 74 
The Surgical Part of 
pofe, fey advancing the fermentation of the col- 
lected fluids, and confining the heat and perfpira- 
tion. It fhould be fpread thick on leather, \ and 
continued ’till the fwelling is become foft, and 
the fluctuation of matter raanifefl; to the finger. 
Remarks on the formation oj Matter, or Pus, 
The origin, or caufe of Matter, has gene- 
rally been thought to be produced, by the diflb- 
lution of feme of the folid parts of broken capil- 
lary velfels, and a mixture of fome part of the 
juices circulating through them; and never with- 
out fome degree of erofion, fome breach, or 
divifion in the natural flruCture of the parts 
whence it comes. Thus in abfeeffes, it is fup- 
pofed to be formed from the fluids ouzing out of 
the ruptur’d veflels, which have undergone their 
utmoft diftenfion, and are forced to yield to the 
fullnefs and obftruCtion formed in them. In 
wounds, it has been thought to iflue dire&ly 
from the divided blood veflels, conftringed fo as 
to reftrain the tinging matter of the blood, and 
to fuffer only the ferous part, and lymph to pafs, 
A very ingenious gentleman however has ad- 
vanced fome material objections to this doCtrine; 
and though he allows matter to be formed origi- 
nally from the ferum of the blood, yet he thinks, 
that was it only the Ample effufion of it, efcaping 
through the mouths of the divided blood, and 
lymphatic veflels, as in freflr wounds, it ought 
to be the greatefl; at that time; and to diminifh. Practical Farriery. 
75 
as the conftri&ion of the blood veflels became 
gradually greater; but the reverfe is here the 
cafe: for on the flux of blood ceaflng in the 
divided part, the firft difcharge is generally very 
fparing, and fometimes wholly wanting; but af- 
terwards it increafes to a copious degree by the 
application of warm ftimulating dreflings. He 
is therefore inclined to think that pus, or matter, 
is ferum changed into a different humour by more 
complex means, than the Ample effect of drain- 
ing through orifices formed by the accidental 
divifion of the blood, and lymphatic veflfels ; ef- 
pecially as it mod recedes from the nature of 
ferum, when it is mod copioudydlfcharged; which 
oifght to be otherwife, on the fuppofition, that 
it was the mere ferum efcaping thro’ the mouths 
of the divided veflels. To account for the dif- 
ference of pus, from ferum, and its greater fpe- 
cific gravity than the ferous part of the blood, 
it has been aflerted, that pus was formed of the 
ferum of the blood, commixt in the ulcer, with 
abraded parts of the folids. But this fuppofition 
he alfo reje&s for this reafpn ; that at the time 
the pus is mod perfect, the folids are fo far from 
appearing to fuffer any fuch abrafion, that they 
are in an increafing date, and indead of the def- 
trufition of the old parts, which mud be the cafe 
if they furniflied matter to the pus, the generation 
of new always attends, fo that the matter of 
every fore in the date of healing, is made up of 
juices only, not of a mixture of fluids and folids. C 1 he Surgical Part of 
He is therefore of opinion that it may be pro- 
duced by a joint mixture of the above ferum with 
the fatty fubftance, or. that gelatinous fluid of the 
tela cellulofa, which is generally found to be the 
feat of purulency; this he thinks will better ac- 
count for its quality, confiftence, and fpecific 
gravity, as their mixture together, will afford 
a fimilar humour. But this conjedrure, how 
plauflble foever, cannot, we think, account for 
that formation of pus, which is fometimes made 
without any apparent breach, or diflblution of 
the folids, and is often found on the membranes 
within the body, viz. the pleura, peritonaeum, 
i£c. thefe feem to be rather a fort of infpiffated 
ferum, which has exfuded through the coats of 
the veffels; as no adipofe fubftance is here depo- 
ftted, or any cellular membrane cxlfts. 
We are fatlsfied that by this long digreflion, 
we trefpafs too much on the generality of our 
readers; but as the hypoihefs is ingenious, we 
thought it might be acceptable to feme ; as it 
proves alfo how much we are in the dark, con- 
cerning the operations of nature; and that the 
moft plauflble theory will feldom ftand the teft of 
a ftridl ferutiny from accurate obfervations : for 
how much foever we may plume ourfelves or? 
modern difeoveries, it is much to be doubted, 
whether we are better acquainted with the fate 
and compofltion of the fluids, than our pre- 
deceffors, who were not fo converfant with the 
circulation of them; and of cqurfe, that a large 
field for improvements ftilL lies open before us. Pr attic a I Farriery. 
77 
It behoves us therefore to be upon our guard 
againfl fpeculations of this kind, as a fertile brain, 
or luxuriant imagination, will otherwfle, while 
it amufes, frequently impofe on us; for we are 
but too prone to embrace fuch phy ileal ilkifions 
as flatter our vanity, when the reality is not to 
be attained •, and the want cf It feems a re- 
proach to our underflanding. 
Court flicking Plafler. 
TAKE of ifinglafs four ounces, of the trau- 
matic balfam, one ounce. Melt the ifin- 
glafs with about two ounces of water, anti 
boil the folulion, ’till a great part of the 
water be confumed ; then add gradually to 
it the balfam, flirting them well together ; 
and after the mixture has continued a fhort 
time on the fire, take the veflel off: and 
fpread the plafler while yet fluid with the 
heat, on filk, by means of a hrufh. 
Remark 
This plafler is foreign to the prefent de- 
sign, and introduced here only to gratify the 
curiofity of thofe, who are unacquainted with 
its competition. 
Bauine de Commandeur 
TAKE of dry Peruvian balfam one ounce. The Surgical Part of 
florax in the tear, two ounces, benjamin, 
three ounces, fuccotorine aloes, myrrh, 
olibanum, angelica roots, St. John's wort 
flowers, each half an ounce, fpirit of wine, 
two pounds eight ounces by weight. Let 
them {land together in the fun during the 
dog days, in a giafs veflel, clofely floph* 
and afterwards {train out the balfam thro’ a 
linen cloth. 
Remark. 
This balfam is in great repute with fome 
foreigners, for cleaning and healing wounds and 
ulcers, difcufllng cold tumours, and allaying 
rheumatic pains; internally for warming and 
{Lengthening the ftomach and bowels, expelling 
flatulencies, and relieving colicky complaints. 
It has gone under various name, as balfam of 
Berne, Wade's balfam, Fry&r's balfam, and 
Jefuits drops, &c. The above form is taken 
from the original receipt, publifhed by Pomet. 
Anhalt Water. 
TAKE of turpentine fix ounces, olibanum 
one ounce, aloes wood three ounces, cloves, 
cinnamon, cubebs, rofemary flowers, galan- 
gal, maflich, nutmegs, each fix drams, 
fafTron two drams and a half, bayberries, 
fennel feeds, each half an ounce, fpirits of 
wine five pints: Digefi with the fpirit for Tragical Farriery. 
79 
fix days, then diflil with a gentle heat, in 
balneo raarlse. , . 
Remark. 
We give this compofition as it is held in great 
efteem in Germany, for old pains and achs, &c. 
for colic, gravel, and ftrengthening the flo~ 
mach, &c. We think it no improper medicine 
for the horfe in flatulent diforders : tho’ perhaps 
good Holland geneva may be preferred to it in 
general, as the turpentine muft make it rather too 
naufeous for moft ftomachs. 
CHAP. IV. 
Fomentations and Embrocations. 
An Emollient Fomentation. 
TAKE of marfhmallow leaves, and elder 
flowers, each four ounces, linfeed 
bruifed two ounces, boil in three quarts of 
water, to two; ftrain off, and diflblve 
therein an ounce of crude fal armoniac, or 
add two ounces of the fpirit. 
Remark. 
The afluaging recent Inflammations by relax- 
ing the veffels, and removing their tenfion, is The Surgical Part of 
one of the moft important points of forgery ; as 
frequently by an early removal of the firft fymp- 
toms, very direful confequences are prevented; 
which the prevalence of, in feme parts, and in 
fome particular ccnftitutions, would certainly 
produce. We have already obferved, that 
fwellings attended with heat and inflammation, 
are in general caufed. by an undue accumulation 
of fluids in the veffels, from fome obftru&ing 
caufe, fo as to diftend them beyond their natural 
fize. The intention therefore of the above 
fomentation, or even of milk and water, (which 
may be fubftituted In its (lead;) is, that the fleam 
therefrom may fo relax the obftrudted veffels, as 
to make their Aides more yielding ; and leffen the 
reflflance of the veffels, in fuch a manner, as to 
permit a freer paffage to the circulating fluids; 
and as it dilutes, and thins them at the fame time, 
they are fuppofed to flow with increafed force, 
and fweep before them all remains of obflrudfed 
matter. The fait is .peculiarly adapted to favour 
this intention ; and the fpirit has been proved to 
poflefs a relaxing, and emollient power : but it 
(hould always be remembered, that no topical 
applications will avail alone, in confiderable in- 
flammations, without plentiful evacuations by 
bleeding, and cooling phyflc, to empty the 
veffels in general, abate the force of the cir- 
culating fluids on the obftru&ed part, and to 
promote their abforption, if they have efcaped 
the veffels. Experience declares this method to 
be juft in its confequences, however the effedfs Practical FARRIER Y. 
may be produced, or brought about: thofe who 
are not fatisfied with the fimple fadf, may per- 
haps be better pleafed, or at lead: entertain’d, 
when the are inform’d, that, what pafies with- 
in the obftrudted veflels, when the ftagnating 
fluid is propelled, hath been curio.ufly deferibed 
by Leuwenhoeck ; who in the membranous expan- 
fion that ferves inftead of a wing to a bat, ob - 
ferved by the help of glaiTes, the firfl tendency 
to refolution in the blood, which had been totally 
congealed by cold ; at firfl he could perceive no 
motion either in the arteries or veins, until the 
animal reviving by degrees, he beheld an oblong 
mafs of concreted blood, which filled the whole 
cavity of the artery, begin to move backwards 
and forwards in the veflels; which .by its luc- 
cefllve contradfion, gradually diflol'ved the coa- 
gulum, fo as to render tire whole fit for cir- 
culation. In this manner pojjlbly, obftr udfiens 
from other caufes may be removed, by warm 
attenuating applications, which have a power of 
diflblving vifeid, or concreted fluids ; and of in- 
creaflng the force of the veflels adting thereon ; 
efpeciaily when the fulinefs, and load has beerr 
abated by liberal evacuations, and the parts 
relaxed by emollient, and difeutient poultices; 
but let us hear the other fide, and attend to. 
The New 'Theory oj Inflammations, 
For the entertainment ct inch fpeculative 
readers, as might vouchfafe to honour us with 82 
’The Surgical Part of 
their notice; we prefumed in our firfl chapter to 
introduce a fhort account of the theory of inflam- 
mations, as laid down by the great Boerbaave, 
which has been received as an eftablifhed doc- 
trine, for more than forty years; The deferip- 
tion, was by fome, thought to be fo Ample, 
juft-, and elegant, as that probably it would re- 
main unalterable as human nature. But fuch 
feems to be the fate of hypothecs, that there 
can be no dependance on their permanency ; for 
a new one is now eftablifhed upon the ruins of 
the Boerhaaviariy and all former fyftems. 
The patrons of this new theory agree with 
him, that the cellular membrane is the moff 
common feat of inflammation; but that they 
arofe from a peculiar fpafmcdic ftate of the nerves 
and blood veffels, caufed by continued irritation ; 
thus externally, a thorn lodged in the Anger, or 
a little acrid matter colledted below the nail, as 
in fome whitlows, will frequently bring on a vio- 
lent inflammation, extending even to the (boul- 
der. In this fpafmodic ftate of the nerves, their 
fenfation is increafed to fuch a degree, that their 
perceptive power, which before was indifferent, 
or pleafing, becomes uneafy, and painful: thefe 
effedts may likewife be produced by burns, Simu- 
lating, and irritating applications, and any 
foreign fubftance lodged in the flefli: Inflamma- 
tions of the internal parts, they fay, depend 
upon a retention of fome acrimonious humour, 
or of the perfpirable particles checked by cold, 
and infixed on fome particular vifeus, or mem- Practical Farriery, 
83 
branous parts; by the unufual ftimulus, the con- 
tractions of the fmaller veflels they fay, mufl 
iteceflarily be augmented, and a greater quantity 
of fluids mufl circulate through them: hence 
the force of the blood will be greatly increafed, 
the veflels themfelves dilated and diftended, and 
thofe whofe orifices open into the cells of the 
adipofe membranes,- and which naturally exhale 
a thin fluid only, will now fuffer the red blood 
to pafs, or cxfudc thro’ their extremities, into 
the cellular cavities. This extravafafion of blood 
into the cellular membranes has been evinced by 
Haller in different inflammatory affections, and 
feems beft to account for that equable rednefs, 
which would not be fo general from blood impact- 
ed in the veflels only ; where as in am inflamed 
eye, it appears ftreaked, and interlined.—They 
fay farther, that it is repugnant to obfervation,. 
that an inflammation fhould fucceed to an obftruc- 
tion, without an irritation, which is a good deaf 
analogous to a ligature on the veflels, neither of 
which are of themfelves productive of inflam- 
mation ; as after a few pulfations when the. 
arteries have been tied, the blood dilates, and; 
circulates through the collateral branches.—In’ 
fhort, that the heat pain, tenfion, fwelling, and 
obftruCtion of the circulating fluids, are fymptoms• 
that arife in confequence of the above fpafms, 
and are not produced originally by a vifcid flate of 
fluids, obflruCted in the capillary veflels ; An in~ 
vreafed circulation, therefore in the larger veflels 
is; alfo a confequence, not a caufe of inflammation ; The Surgical Part sf 
fmce If the inflamed fwelling be confiderable, the 
whole nervous fyftem will be affe&ed by the pain; 
the heart, and large arteries be render’d more 
irritable, and their contractions more frequent 
and flrong.—May we not from this diverfity of 
opinions however ingenious, conclude, that the 
caufes of difeafes, are, and perhaps will ever 
remain out of the reach of our knowledge ? and 
though hypothesis and conjefiture may ferve to a- 
mufe the imagination, yet it is obfervation, and 
experience only, which can inform the under- 
Handing ; the former may make a man entertain- 
ing to a few, but as a very fenfible writer has 
obferved, the latter will render him ufeful to 
multitudes. Weobferve, notwithflanding, with 
pleafure, that how precarious foever, thefe 
theories of inflammations, may be, they make 
no alteration in praCtice: For the Intention in 
both is to refolve the fwelling, by thinning the 
obftruCted fluids ; to relax the folids, and lefTen 
their refiflance; to remove their fpafms and 
tenflon ; and to promote the abforption of the 
effufed fluids, or to favour their exit by perfpira- 
tion. Thefe are the chief external means to be 
purfued ; the bans of which is water, render’d 
more efficacious by boiling in it the foft farina- 
ceous meals, and milder kind of flimulating 
herbs. 
We afk pardon- for this long digreilion, but 
cannot now difmifs this fubjeCt without obferv- 
ing the infuperable difficulties that mufl attend 
our feeble efforts, in endeavouring to account Prafiical Farriery. 
for feveral phenomena in nature ; not lefs diffi- 
cult perhaps is the talk of reconciling the in- 
fluence of the nerves on the blood veffels, than 
of the paflions of the mind, on the body : and 
who will prefume to account for any of them, 
even the fudden effects produced by fear on 
the animal ceconomy ? In conference of which, 
we fee the blood inftantaneoufly driven from the 
circumference to the centre, leaving the fur- 
face, as it were, pale and bloodlefs;—When 
an impure expreflion only to a delicate mind, 
(hall occafion the fame blood to rufh into veffels 
it feldom circulated in ; tinging the furface with 
a tranffent vermillion : not to mention the 
fudden effetls of libidinous ideas on fome parti- 
cular parts ; with many other limilar circum- 
ftances which might be produced, to fhew our 
ignorance of the operations of nature, and of 
the mechanifm of an animal body formed by an 
almighty artificer.. 
The common Difcutieni Fomentation. 
TA K E of wormwood, or chamomile flow- 
ers, bay leaves, and rofemary, of each two 
handfuls, boil them gently in three quarts 
of water to two, then drain off the liquor. 
Remark. 
This is emollient from the relaxing power 
©f the warm water j and difcutient, from the 86 
The Surgical Part of 
warm, and ftimulating power of the other Ingre- 
dients ; it therefore may frequently be ufed with 
great fuccefs in removing tenfion in thinning 
the obftru&ed fluids; promoting their abforption, 
if efFufed ;. and encouraging a free perfpiration, 
fo that the circulation becomes regular and equa- 
ble as before.—lt will alfo be found of great fer- 
vice, where the natural heat is abated, and the 
circulation become languid, by animating and 
promoting a brifker flow : when the parts are 
already mortified,, a handful or two of wood 
allies may be added to it; and camphorated 
fpirit of wine, fprinkled on the flannels, after 
they are wrung out of the hot fomentation,, 
will aflift the languid circulation in feparating the 
dead parts from the living. 
An Anodine Fomentation. 
TAKE of elder flowers two handfuls, of the 
heads of white poppies bruifed four ounces, 
boil them in four pints of water, ’till only 
two pints can be ftrained off, then add 
four ounces of vinegar.. 
Remark. 
This fomentation will be found of great fer- 
vice in fome diferders of the eyes, &V. attended 
with great pain, fluxion and inflammation. It 
fhould be ufed two or three times in a day, by Fraßlcal F ARRIERY. 
means of flannels wrung out of it heated, or 
fpunges wetted in it. 
A Refiringent Fomentation. 
TAKE of oak bark four ounces, fmith’s forge 
water fix pints, boil to three pints* then 
add to it a pint of verjuice or vinegar, in 
which an ounce of roch alum hath been 
diflblved, and half an ounce of fal armo- 
ajac. 
Remark. 
It is greatly to be queffioned, whether relfrin- 
gents can communicate their virtues in this 
form ; the efiedl of heat, in this way, counterac- 
ting their operation. When fluid compofltions 
are therefore afed in this intention, they fhould 
be applied fo hot, as to give fome degree of un~ 
eafinefs, or quite cold, for water in a tepid ftate 
has a relaxing power, but ufed intenfely hot, it 
has a ftimulating one; which may contribute to 
the aftringent action of the fomentation ; as it 
would alfo in a cold ftate, by bathing or fpung- 
ing the part therewith : after which let flannels 
or cloths be wetted therein, and applied over the 
part thrice a day, and be rolled on with a linen, 
or woollen roller, which fhould be continued up 
the leg, it is well calculated for the firfl: appli- 
cation to a drain ; as the reflringents will brace 
up the relaxed fibres of the tendon, and the faline The Surgical Tart of 
medicines attenuate and diflfolve the obftrU&ed, 
or extravafated fluids; which are the firfl: 
principal intentions to be purfued on thefe 
occafions. 
Hemlock Fomentation. 
TAKE of frefh, or dried hemlock half a 
pound, boil in three quarts of water to 
two, then ftrain off" the liquor. 
Remark. 
Let this preparation be applied by means 
of hot flannels or fpunges, to difcufs all indura- 
tions, and knots on the tendons, membranes, 
and joints; the herb beat to a pulp being ap- 
plied over the part, by way of poultice; there 
is great reafon to believe from the extraordinary 
effects attributed to it in the human body, that 
applied in this manner, it will be found of great 
fervice to the brute creation, in the above, and 
fimilar cafes. 
A' Fomentation- againjl Bruifes. 
TAKE a quart of chamberlye, crude fal 
armoniac two ounces, boil ’till diffolved. 
Rem ark. 
This like moft faline medicines, is a proper Tragical Farriery. 
89 
application for bruifes on the limbs, withers or 
back. The part fhould be well fomented, or 
bathed with it; and a thick flannel wetted there- 
in be bound over it; and re-applied as it grows 
dry. 
A Fomentation againfl inflamed Eyes 
TAKE of elder flowers and red rofes, of each 
one handful, marfhmallows half a handful, 
fal armoniac half an ounce, fugar of lead 
two drams; infufc in a quart of boiling 
water ; then drain off, and foment the eye 
twice a day with flannels or a fpunge wetted 
therein. 
A General Embrocation agairfl Strains. 
TAKE of the bed white wine vinegar, or 
old verjuice eight ounces, diflblve therein 
an ounce of Caftile foap, and half an ounce 
of fal armoniac. 
Remark. 
This remedy is very proper for the fird ap- 
plication to a drain or bruife : the part fhould be 
well bathed with it made warm, twice or thrice 
a day, and a flannel wetted in the fame, fhould 
be properly bound on with a broad tape, or 
roller. The Surgical Part $f 
An AJlr'mgent Embrocation, 
TAfcE of fugar of lead two drams; and of 
alum and white vitriol, each one dram. 
Powder, and then diffolve them in four 
ounces of tin&ure of rofes, and two of 
Japan earth. 
Remark, 
We look on this compofition as very 
gent, and eonfequently repellent; each ingre- 
dient of which it is formed, being flich as poflefles 
that quality in the higheft degree. It may be 
applied as the former. 
Another for the fame Purpofe. 
TAKE of oak bark two ounces, boil in three 
pints of fmith’s forge water to a quarts 
then put to it half a pint of old verjuice 
or vinegar, in which an ounce of alum 
hath been diffolved. 
Remark. 
These applications fhould be applied cold, 
or barely milk warm, for reafons already 
afligned. Frafiical Farriery. 
Another againjl a frejh Strain. 
TAKE of the beft vinegar half a pint, fpirit 
of vitriol and camphorated fpirit of wine 
of each two ounces. 
Remark. 
Mr. Gibfon advifes this on the fame plan 
with the former ; and confequently to be ufed 
like them: It is poflibly more fuitable to the 
rigid fibres of horfes. 
Another againjl an old Strain. 
TAKE of camphorated fpirits of wine two 
ounces, oil of turpentine one ounce, hard 
foap half an ounce. 
Remark. 
This may be ufed to a ftrained fhoulder, 
after the firft inflammation and fwelling has been 
removed by the above cooling and repellent ap- 
plications ; fomenting firft with fpirit of wine 
and vinegar. It may be neceflary here to ob- 
serve, that in fome violent ftrains of the mufcles 
of the- fhoulder, where coagulated blood, or 
other juices may be lodged in their interfaces, 
out of the reach of the above remedies, that a 
fowel applied about two inches below the point  The Surgical Part of 
of the fhoulder, will be found of great fervice; 
by giving vent to fuch extravafated fluids. As 
to boring up the fhoulder, ’tis to be hoped, that 
humanity has now totally banifhed that cruel, 
abfurd, and painful operation ; fince this Ample 
method will fo affedually anfwer the intention 
of difcharging any confined juices, that may 
have lodged on the cellular membrane, or thofe 
enveloping the mufcles. 
General Remarks on Strains. 
We have already laid down particular rules 
for the treatment of different ftrains, and fnall 
only obferve that as tendons are compofed of 
claflic fibres, fo when they receive any violent 
injury, thefe fibres are overftretch’d, or rup- 
tur’d ; and confequently are fo weaken’d in their 
functions, that they are often deprived of their 
power of afition. The firfl intentions of cure 
are fully anfwered by the different kind of poul- 
tices, fomentations, &c. which we have, in 
their proper places animadverted on ; therefore 
we fhall only beg leave to inforce the ufe of ban- 
dage, and repeated bleeding, in confiderabte 
ftrains; that, the quantity of blood circulating 
through the general fyftem of veffels, may be 
leffened; an inflammation prevented; and the 
abforption and diflipation of the fluids, fhed 
out of the ruptur’d veffels, be thereby facilitated; 
And as it is certain that the more elaftic bodies 
are diftended, as in ftrajns, the more they are Practical Farriery. 
93 
weakened, fo whatever hinders the firetching 
out of thefe fibres, removes the caufe, which 
weakens them ; Now, bandages drawn tight on 
the parts, fupply the fibres with that fupport 'r 
which therefore fhould never be omitted, when 
they can be conveniently applied ; indeed great 
flrefs fhould be laid on them, as they are of in- 
finitely more ufe than may be generally conceiv- 
ed; a laced flocking, or roller, artfully applied, 
with reft and patience, will, after the firft 
fymptoms are abated, compleat the cure fooner 
than all the ftrengthening plafters and ointments 
in the world ; which are of much lefs confe- 
quence than ufually apprehended; time and ban- 
dage having the principal fhare in the cure of 
confiderable injuries of this fort. 
Camphorated Spirit of JVine. 
TAKE of camphor powder’d two ounces, 
and of rectified fpirit of wine, one quart. 
Mix them, that the camphor may be 
diflblved. 
Remark. 
This embrocation is warm, difcutient, and 
penetrating. It was formerly in conflant ufe in 
all drains and contufions; but modern practice 
bas taught us, that when there is any inflam- 
mation, the ufe of warm irritating and aftringent 
bibftances is better poftponed, ’till fuch fymptom 94 
'The Surgical Part of 
is firfl removed by the above cooling and repellent 
applications. 
A Saponaceous Embrocation, or Opodeldoc. 
TAKE of fpirit of wine re&ified two pints, 
Spanijh foap five ounces. Digefl in a gentle 
heat, ’till the foap is diflblved, then add 
an ounce of camphor, of oil of rofemarj 
and origanum of each half an ounce. 
Remark. 
We may confider this compofition as dil- 
cutient, and refolvent from the foap and cam- 
phor ; and corroborative from the fpirits and 
cflential oils. It is accordingly applied to cold 
fwellings arifing from vifcid and concreted 
humours; and after the beat and firft inflam- 
mation is removed, is fuccefsfully ufed in fprains 
and contufions in order to reftore firength, and 
due tone to the weak and relaxed fibres. 
Bate’s Anoding half am. 
TAKE of Spanifi foap two ounces, of 
opium unprepared, half an ounce, and of 
rectified fpirit of wine, eighteen ounces. 
Digeft them in a fand heat, and to the fluid, 
{trained off, add of camphor, fix drams, 
and of diftilled oil of rofemary, one' 
dram. Praflkal Farriery. 
Remark. 
This compofition is the fame with the pre- 
ceding except that the proportion of foap is 
greater; the oil of origanum omitted, and the 
opium added, to give a narcotic power to the 
compofition. It is ufed therefore in the fame 
cafes as the preceding, where great pain is an 
attendant fymptom. It may alfo be given in- 
wardly, to the quantity of two fpoonfuls, to give 
cafe in feme colics, efpecially when evacuations 
have preceded. 
An Oily mixture againjl Strains. 
TAKE of oil of fpike, and of fwallows 
each two ounces, oil of turpentine and 
origanum of each half an ounce. Mix 
them together. 
Remark. 
We have inferted this compofition in com- 
pliance with cuftom, and as a remedy much 
aifed; but we by no means prefer thefe oily 
forms, to the reftringent, foapy, and fpirituous, 
above-mentioned ; as they mull from their very 
nature (tho’ in fome meafure guarded againft by 
the hot oils joined with them) relax the parts, 
are already but too much overftretched ; 
and whofe cure depends on the recovery of their The Surgical Pari of 
loft tone, and fpringinefs; which only medicines 
furely can fcarce be thought to effedt. 
An Embrocation againfl a Palfy. 
TAKE of camphorated {pint of wine, four 
ounces, of the green oil and oil of amber, 
of each two ounces, volatile fpirit of fal 
armoniac one ounce, tindhire of euphor- 
bium, and of cantharides of each half an 
ounce. 
Remark. 
, Let the part affe&ed be well rubbed with a 
hair cloth, then embrocate it thoroughly with 
this. If the deadnefs, and lamenefs, be chiefly 
in the hind parts, the fpine of the back bone 
Ihould be well rubbed, and the application be 
frequently renewed. 
A Difcutient Remedy againfl a Bruife. 
TAKE of hard foap and fait petre, or fal 
armoniac, of each four ounces, diflblve in 
a quart of water. 
Flannels wrung out of this made hot may 
be applied to the bruife, or it may be well bathed 
with it, and a flannel wetted in the fame bound 
over it, and renewed twice a day, ’till the fwelling 
isdifpcrfed. Practical Farriery, 
97 
Another for the fame. 
TAKE of oil of chamomile four ounces, 
camphor diflblved in two ounces of fpirit of 
wine, two drams, volatile fpirit of fal am- 
moniac one ounce. Mix them together. 
Remark. 
Among the various forms to anfwer this In- 
tention, this is found to be a very active and 
penetrating application for the above purpofes, 
and well rubbed into the part with a warm hand, 
will, by attenuating and dillolving the concreted 
fluids, and gently ftimulating the veflels, difcufs 
fuch kinds of fwellings. 
General Remarks on Bruifes. 
In all confiderable contufions or bruifes, a 
Humber of fmall blood veflels are ruptur’d, whofe 
contents are effufed in the cellular membrane, 
which is thereby filled, and diftended; or the 
blood is forced into veflels it is not ufed to circu- 
late in, while in thofe of a moderate kind ; they 
are attended alfo, if the blow or accident be 
violent, with a laceration, and diffraction of the 
biufcular fibres.—The intentions of cure, are to 
difperfe the effufed blood, and to unite and ciofe 
the injured veflels; or to render it fluid enough 
to pafs through the capillary veflels, where it is 
lodged, while they are yet intire. To effect 
thefe views, the effufion fliould firft be reffrained The Surgical Part of 
by repellent applications, as vinegar, verjuice, 
&c. afllfted by compreffion and bandage, where 
they can be conveniently applied. The veflels 
in general Ihould be emptied by bleeding, that 
the abforbing veflels may the mqre readily re- 
ceive the effufed blood, when reduced to its due 
(late of fluidity ; To anfwer which purpofe the 
above difcutient remedies may be ufed, with the 
fame fomentation, to diflblve the concreted 
fluids, and aflift their pafiage thro’ the pores of 
the (kin ; nor fliould purging be omitted to un- 
load the veflels, as well as to fufe the humours. 
Laftly, to ftrengthen the veflels, and to recover 
their tone, warm, fpirituous, and faponaceous 
applications may be applied, with moderate fric- 
tions and bandage, and if the concreted blood 
fliould not be diflolved, and difperfed by the 
above means, the {kin fliould be opened, to give 
it ifiue. We fliall juft take notice that in the 
human fkin, the injured part at firft looks red 
only, but after the ferous part of the blood is 
either abforbed, or difllpated through the pores 
of the Ikin, the remaining coagulum, appears 
black; and as this diflblves, the colour of the 
fkin changes by degrees from yellow to its natu- 
ral complexion. Why, blows on the head, 
fliould occaflon blacknefs in the eyes, neck, &c. 
is owing to the blood fhed out of the veflels, and 
paffing through the meflies of the cellular mem- 
brane, ’till it is retarded : That blood in {lighter 
brulfes, is forced into a finer feries of veflels, 
than thcfe it is accuflomed to circulate in, feems Practical Farriery. 
99 
probable, from the appearances made by fucking, 
or the application of cupping glafles to the fkin; 
where the preflure of the atmofphere being re- 
moved, the blood for want of it, ruflies into 
fuch minute veflels, as are not adapted to the 
circulation of the red globules; which not being 
able to return, muft by their ftagnation, occafion 
black, or livid fpots, and marks, on the part 
the glafles are applied to. 
A Medicine againji Wind Galls, Blood Spa- 
vins, &c. 
TAKE of oak bark half a pound, pome- 
granate four ounces, alum two ounces, boil 
in three quarts of verjuice to two. 
After bathing the part well with this twice 
a day, let cloths wetted in the fame be rolled on. 
In fome cafes the beft way is firft to open the 
fuelling. 
Remark. 
Againji a Canker in the Foot. 
TAKE of honey a pound, verdigreafe in 
fine powder an ounce, aqua fortis double 
diftilled half an ounce, fublimate two 
drams. Mix them together. 
Remark. 
This diforder frequently arifes from thfufhes 
degenerating into a putrid (late, from a vitiated The Surgical Part of 
ftate of fluids; the corrofivenefs of the matter, 
attended with fungi conftantly fhooting out in- 
dicates very evidently the nature of the diforder: 
pledgits dipt in this medicine fhould daily be ap- 
plied, laid down as clofe as pqflible, to fupprefs 
the rifmg of the fungous flefh; This manner of 
drefling is of great moment. Spirit of nitre, 
oil of vitriol, and butter of antimony are often 
ufed alone on this occafion, but when new florid 
flefh arifes, the prsecipitate medicine will com- 
pleat the cure ; if the knife was firfl: ufed to ex- 
tirpate the rotten or fungous parts, much pain 
and time might be faved. 
A Mixture againjl Splints. 
TAKE of tindhire of euphorbium two 
ounces fpirit of wine one ounce, camphor 
two drams. 
Remark. 
This application may be ufed as the former, 
and is often found fuccefsful for the above pur- 
pofes, as is the frcfh root of elicampane bruifed 
in recent cafes: but to old inveterate fplints a 
judicious application of the cauftic, or a&ual 
fire, can only be fuccefsful. 
A Repellent JVaJh againf J'welled Legs. 
TAKE of re&ified fpirit of wine four ounces, 
camphor half an ounce, white vitriol, dif* Practical Farriery, 
101 
folved in a gill of water, one ounce. Mix 
them together. 
Remark. 
Among the various forms of this kind, we 
give this as a fcrong repeller, and very proper to 
bathe horfes legs with, when they firft begin to 
fwell; and if linen rags dipt in the fame, are 
rolled on, the vefifels will be better fupported,. 
and fooner recover their tone. 
A Drying Wajh. 
TAKE of white vitriol and burnt alum, of 
each two ounces, aegyptiacum one ounce. 
lime water a quart, or three pints. 
Remark. 
This wafh is fuccefsfully ufed in drying up 
the fores in greafy heeled horfes, after they have 
been.properly digefted : the hair fhould be dipt 
dofe, and the wafh applied with a fpunge twice 
or thrice in a day. 
Another for the fame Purpofe, 
TAKE of roman vitriol half an ounce, dif- 
lolve it in a pint of water, decant off the 
clear, and add a pint of camphorated fpi- 
rits of wine, and two ounces of segyptia- 
cum. *Tbe Surgical Part of 
Remark. 
This is recommended by Gilfon, and is a 
fharper remedy than the former; but faid to 
be very effedfual for the intended purpofe, 
and for wattling* and drying up a running 
thrutti. 
TAKE fpirit of wine and vinegar, of each 
A Wafo for the Phrujh 
two ounces ; tindhire of myrrh and aloes 
one ounce, aegyptiacum half an ounce. 
Mix them together. 
Remark, 
This is a proper application to a thruih, 
when tending to putrefaction ; after paring away 
the rotten part, apply piedgits of tew dipt in this 
medicine twice a day. 
A Wajh for Diforders in the Mouth. 
TAKE of tincture of myrrh and honey of 
rofes two parts, aegyptiacum one part, oil 
of vitriol, or fpirit of fea fait, enough to 
make it fharp. 
O R, 
TAKE of tlndbrc of rofes half a pint, 
burnt alum two drams, honey one ounce, 
fpirit of fea fait two drams. Mix them 
together, Practical Farriery. 
103 
Remark. 
The generality of the dlforders of the month 
from rufty bits, &c. are removed by wafhing 
the part two or three times in a-day with fait and 
vinegar, with a little honey; and thofe little 
bladders on the infide the lips and palate called 
giggs, after flitting them open,- may be treated 
in the fame manner ; but when they degenerate 
into cankers, they mud be wafhed with cop- 
peras, or fublimate water, and the firft mix- 
ture applied to them: they may alfo be rubbed 
with fpint of fait, till the fpreading flops and 
they when this laft tincture maybe 
applied. 
‘The Green Oil. 
TAKE of the leaves of the bay tree, rue. 
marjoram, lea wormwood, and chamomile, 
each three ounces, and of oil of olives 
one quart. The herbs being bruifed boil 
them flighrly in the oil, ’till they become 
■erifp. Then profs-out the oil, and after 
the fceces are fubflded, pour it off. 
R E M A R K. 
This compofltion is warm, emollient, and 
difcutient, from the gently Simulating herbs. 
It will anfvver that end, and be a good fubflitute 
for moil other warm oils, or ointments: others 
may be joined to it occafionally. 104 
cfhe Surgical Part of 
Sulphurated Oil or Balfam. 
TAKE of oil of olives eight ounces, and 
of flowers of fulphur, one ounce, boil 
them with a gentle heat to a due con- 
fluence. 
Remark. 
This compofition is of much the fame na- 
ture as that called balfam of fulphur ; when a 
proper quantity of oil of annifeed is added, 
his ufually called balfam of fulphur anifated, 
and when oil of turpentine is added* thereto, 
terebinthinated. 
We have omitted many oils, and ointments 
as ufelefs and fuperfluous ; I'heir place may be 
therefore properly fupplied by plain oil of olives, 
and hogs lard ; for it can fcarce be fuppofed that 
rofes, cider, St. John's wort, and fuch like 
flmples can communicate any material virtue, to 
thofe oils that a flu me their name. Practical Farriery. 
105 
CHAP. V. 
Lotions, or Wajhes, Ac. 
A Styptic againji Bleedings. 
TAKE of roach alum and of blue vi- 
triol, each three ounces; fpring water 
two pounds, boil them till the fait be dif- 
folved, and having filter’d the fluid, add of 
oil of vitriol half an ounce. 
Remark.. 
Do ssils of lint wetted in this may he ap- 
plied to any bleeding veffels, well fupported by 
preflure, and proper bandage, to retain it firm 
on the part.—Various are the remedies ufed for 
this purpofe, which a£t on the pundlured, or 
divided veflel, in different manners ; ofl by 
their conftrkiging power, as the above medicine; 
fpirit of wine, alum, colcothar, vitriol, 
Secondly, by choaking up the orifices by the 
coagulation of the blocd ; as vinegar, oil of vi- 
triol, or other flrong acids; Thirdly, by a glu- 
tinous and adhefive power, as oil of turpentine, 
wheat flower, agaric, fpunge, bole, and even 
dry lint: Care mull however be taken that they 
are applied dire&ly over the orifice, and properly 
bound on, with a due degree of preffure; other- The Surgical Part of 
wife your expectations will be eluded. Fourthly, 
the moft certain method, where the veflel can 
be got at, is to fecure it, by ditching up with a 
needle, and waxed thread ; for even the afitual 
cautery, when applied to any confiderable vef- 
fels, is not to be depended on ; as on the repara- 
tion of the cruft, or efehar, formed by the fire, 
the bleeding is often renewed. 
Obfervations on Ligatures of the Blood VeJfeU. 
It has long been received as an eftablifhed 
dofitrine, that on fhutting up the mouths of 
confiderable blood veffels, by ligature, ftyptics, 
or preffure, nature forms a coagulum, or plug 
at the extremity of the veflel, which prevents 
any future bleeding. M. Petit has given us in 
the memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences, 
feveral figures, both of the arteries, and plugs 
contained in them, in order to a fatisfadory ex- 
planation of his opinion.—But an ingenious mo- 
dern, M. Fouteau has endeavour’d to invalidate 
this dodtrine, and has fubftituted in its ftead, one 
which indeed Teems more probable. After having 
accurately examined feveral arteries to difeover 
this coagulum, or plug, he declares that he could 
feldom find any traces of that kind, or ever any 
that could anfwcr that purpofe ; He is induced 
therefore to think, that whenever it happens, it 
is accidental, and fhould rather be confide r’d as a 
polypus formed in the article of death, or after- 
wards. Having made thefe objections, he offers 
his own opinion; which is, that the fuelling of Practical FarrURY, 
107 
the cellular membrane, which furrounds the ar- 
tery both above and beneath the ligature, forms 
a muc|| ftronger dam at-the extremity of the ar- 
tery, than any cake of blood can do ; as it foon 
produces an induration on the circumference of 
it. This has been found fo confiderable, even 
in an hour after the application of the ligature, 
(which it was neceflary to remove,) that it 
prov’d fufficlent to reftrain any future bleeding. 
Observ a.tions of this kind would be made 
to little purpofe, and Ihould be confider’d only 
as the amufement or effeds of a luxuriant ima- 
gination, if they throw no ufeful light on prac- 
tice, for of what real confequence is it to the 
furgeon, whether the blood, after the applica- 
tion of the ligature, he flopt by the refinance 
•of the plug, or by the fvveliing of the cellular 
membrane which furrounds the artery, if he 
could draw no confequences from thence that 
would point out to him the raoft preferable me- 
thod of applying the ligature. This certainly 
T an important point in pradice, and on which 
furgeons are by no means agreed ; feme being 
for including a larger portion of flefh within the 
ligature ; others a leifer portion ; and fome few 
none at all.—When Parey introduced the liga- 
ture of the veflels his fir ft view was to include 
the artery only ; afterwards a fmall portion of 
flefh was feized by the forceps, with the artery ; 
but according to all appearance, thefe ligatures 
often failing, he recommends the tying up of 
the veffels in fuch a manner, as to include a 'The Surgical Part of 
much larger portion of flefh, than any pra&iced 
at this time for the needle he made ufe of being 
flraight, he was under the neceflity of puffing it 
always twice through the Ikin, in that part of 
the flump, which was neared to the bleeding 
veffel; and of making the ligature externally on 
the fkin—Thq principal objection to the ligature 
which includes a portion of flefh, is, that fome- 
times it takes in the nerve, or fome tendinous, 
or aponeurotic expanficns; in confequence of 
which, it is laid, that great pain, inflammation, 
and convulfions frequently enfue. But if, ac- 
cording to Haller, the infenfibility of thefe ten- 
dinous, and aponeurotic parts are admitted, re- 
peated experience only can prove, that the tying 
up of the nerve can be productive of fuch fymp- 
toms. Now this pain is affirmed by fome to be 
only momentary; and that the dreadful fymptora 
of convulfion, &c. which fometimes follows am- 
putation, is in confequence of the dying flate of 
the patient, and not the caufe of it j for if the 
ligature productive of thefe convulfions, 
they would mod probably appear immediately, 
Or a few hours, not days, after the operation. 
It has been farther affirm’d, that, on the exa- 
mination of a flump twelve days after the am- 
putation, the needle and thread palled thro’ the 
brachial nerve, without producing any of the 
fymptoms above mentioned ; and in the operation 
practiced in aneurifms the nerve is generally in- 
cluded in the ligature, with the artery, without 
any notable inconvenience. Practical Farriery, 
109 
We may add, that on making a ligature on 
the crural nerve of a dog, though at the inftant 
he cried out violently, yet he complained not af- 
terwards, nor rcfufed to eat or drink, tho’ the 
leg became paralytic in confequence of it: The 
fame experiment was- alfo made, and the artery 
included likewife within the ligature, care being 
taken not to-wound it, and the dog left at large : 
On the fourth day a bleeding enfued, which ftopt 
of itfelf, but return’d the next day, and was fo 
confiderable, that the dog expired : He had-all 
along eaten and drank without any appearance of 
fuffering pain from the thigh, which was be- 
come paralytic downwards. On opening the ar- 
tery lengthways, an aperture was found in it 
immediately under the ligature, and a fmall cake 
of blood, which was not fufficient to flop the 
bleeding. May not the pains therefore which 
fometimes follow the ligature, arife from the 
drawing, or (late of diftra&ion which fome ner- 
vous filaments fuffer, from being included in it ? 
Efpecially when they are attach’d to the neigh- 
bouring bones. But is this likely to be the cafe, 
when a large nerve is included in the centre of 
flelh formed by the ligature ? Do not the above 
obfervations tend to prove that a large nerve thus 
bound up will not produce the terrible fymptoms 
of convulfion, fffc P If the cellular membrane, 
above and below the ligature, is capable of fuch 
enlargement, and induration, as to clofe up the 
extremity of the artery, and prevent the efcape 
of the blood, does it not feem to prove that the The Surgical Part of 
greater the quantity of flefli included, the great- 
er will be the fwelling below ? or at leaft that 
fome portion of flefhy fibres fhould be included ? 
when the ligature is made on the artery alone, 
is there not fome rife of the removal of it by the 
repeated vibrations of this veffel ? Or may not 
the thread cut through, or wear away the artery 
under it, before it is fufficiently coniolidated to 
reftrain the effufion of blood, as in the cafe 
of the dog above mentioned ? If it fhould be 
thought, that too early a diffolution of the flefli 
included in the ligature, will leave it too loofe to 
comprefs the artery fufficiently, and endanger a 
frefh bleeding; it is faid, that the fwelling of 
the cellular membrane helow it, has been found 
fufficient for that purpofe ; and that lefs rife 
is run from thence, than from the flipping 
or cutting of the artery by the ligature on that 
only. 
These points being at prefent controverted 
by furgeons, we thought this digreffion would 
not be unacceptable to fome of our readers : we 
fubmit therefore this imperfedf fketch to their 
further inquiry, and the decifion to future ex- 
periments, which alone can afeertain the fa£t 
“TAKE lycopcrdon, or what is commonly 
commonly called puff ball, dry and keep 
it powder’d for ufe. 
Another Styptic. Pratt teal Farriery. 
Remark; 
With this powder only, M. la Fojfe Informs 
us, that he has frequently ftopt bleedings from 
very confiderable arteries, by applying it clofe to 
the veflels for fomc minutes. It may be neceffary 
however to obferve, that the experiments made 
by ftyptics on animals, arc very fallacious, and 
by no means conclufive, in regard to their effi- 
cacy on the human body; The Gentlemen of 
the Academy of Surgeons at Paris having ob- 
served, that in many animals, as in dogs parti- 
cularly, the great arteries flop of their own ac- 
cord, and rarely any dye from a hseraorrhage or 
bleeding ; their blood being more difpofed to 
congeal, and by that means flops the effuflon ; 
and this may likewife be faid of horfes, whofe 
arteries in proportion are more minute than the 
human; their blood more grumous, and the 
propelling force flower, and lefs flrong. As to 
the agaric of the oak, which was in fo much re- 
pute fome few years ago, it has been found on 
proper trials not to anfwer expedition ; expe- 
rience having fhewn, that too much was attri- 
buted to it, on account of not allowing for the 
Ample effedfs of bandage, and other coverings 
on bleeding veflels; and .that in the amputations 
of limbs, where the fubjedl has been emaciated 
and exhaufted, the danger of bleeding is not 
much to be apprehended, even though no other 
application had been made than that of dry lint, 
flower, or hot oil of turpentine. His Royal The Surgical Part of 
Hlghnefs the Duicfc of Cumberland being 
at that time informed of the good fuccefs with 
which the agaric had been ufed in fome of our 
Hofpitals, and always ready to encourage im- 
provements in every branch of Science, was 
pleafed to order fome trials to be made of it un- 
der his own infpedlion, on two or three colts, 
which were do£t for that purpofe ; but as an ab- 
folute difappointment attended the firfl: trial on 
arteries fo few and fmali, where it mud; cer- 
tainly have anfwered, had it been endued with 
the virtues fo ftrongly recommended, all fur- 
ther experiments were laid afide.— Buttons of 
tow wetted in vinegar, and then rowled in vitriol 
powder, colcothar, alum, bole, flower, &c. 
may be ufed in the fame manner, well fecured 
with proper comprefs and bandage. 
Sponge prepared, for flopping Bleedings from 
arteries or Veins. 
TAKE a piece of clofe compa& fponge, dry 
it moderately before the fire, but not to 
fuch a degree as to deftroy its expanfive 
power. Cut it perpendicularly, not hori- 
zontally through the layers, and preferve it 
dry from the moifl; air. 
A piece or two of this fponge of a fize pro- 
perly adapted to the wounded veflfel, fhould be 
applied over it, and retained on for fome mi- 
Remark. fratiical Farriery. 
nutes with the fingers, ’till it adheres clofely; 
bn their removal a comprefs of linen fhould. 
be applied, fecured by a roller, fo as to make 
a gentle comprefiion ; if a large veflel, the pref- 
fure by the bandage fhould be more powerful. 
Mr. White an ingenious furgeon of Mancbef- 
ter, has from his own experience, in a variety of 
bleedings, recommended this remedy as a fafe and 
eafy application, which, as be fays, is more cer- 
tain than even the ligature of the veflels itfelf. 
It is from the texture of its parts, and not from 
any ftyptic, or aflringent virtue, that it derives 
it’s efficacy; and from it’s adhefive property, 
it claims a fuperiority over the agaric, in which 
it’s merit chiefly confifls. It is fuppofed to a£f on 
the bleeding veflel in this manner. By it’s intimate 
adherence to the cellular membrane, and flefhy 
fibres, it is fo interwove, as almoft to have the 
appearance of one body ; for by it’s foftnefs and 
elafticity, it introduces itfelf between the fibres 
of the flefti and cellular membrane, which alfo 
reciprocally infinuate themfelves into the porous 
parts of the fponge. The fpunge thus receiving 
and being received, is expanded by the moifture 
of the part, whence it becomes wedg’d fo fafl, 
as not to be torn away without force. The co- 
hefion grows every moment more ftrong, till the 
fponge is fully expanded, and caufes fuch a com- 
preflion upon the fides of the veflel, as to bring 
them into contact, and render the efcape of the 
blood impoffible.—Such is the theory advanced 
°f its operation ; but it is from a variety of ex- 114 
Ti»<? Surgical Pari of 
periments only, that it’s real virtues and ufe 
can be afcertained, for the reafons we have 
given above. Mr. White however, certainly 
deferves the thanks of the public for thofe he 
has already given, and we heartily wifh that fu- 
ture experiments may confirm its efficacy, as the 
ligature of the veffels is faid to have often been 
productive of dangerous and even fatal fymp- 
toms.—He fays the fponges fhould not. be per- 
mitted to remain on longer than ten, twelve, 
or fourteen days at moft, after their appli- 
cation ; and if the fmallefl portion of any of 
them fhould adhere fo clofely to the wound, as 
not to be removed by gentler methods, it ought 
to be touch’d with feme liquid cauftic, as butter 
of antimony, oil of vitriol, &c. 
We think, that as it is fometimes imprac- 
ticable to make ufe of the needle, the fponge 
may very properly fupply it’s place ; but it 
fhould be fupported, by a due degree of preffure, 
with pyramidal comprefles and bandages: thefe 
laft, when applied with judgment, where proper 
compreffion can be made, as in parts contiguous 
to bones, will frequently alone anfwer the in- 
tended purpofe; and indeed no ftyptics, how 
powerful fo ever, will fucceed without this necef- 
fary auxiliary. 
A general Rejlringent Application 
TAKE of oak hark, four ounces, fmith's 
forge water three pints, boil them ’till a 
pint is confumed ; then add to it an ounce Tragical Farriery. 
of roch alum, diflblved in half a pint of 
vinegar. 
Remark. 
Those fwellings about the hocks, and fet- 
locks, which go by the name of wind galls, and 
blood fpavins, are frequently removed by the a- 
bove remedy, when early applied. The parts 
fhould be well bathed therewith, two or three 
times a day, and flannels foaked in the fame, 
fhould be bound on with a proper roller. To 
thole that are of long {landing, whofe removal 
proves obftinate, repeated blillering is often 
neceflfary, and feldom fails of cure ; fometiraes 
they are opened with fuccefs, and then treated 
as a common wound. But firing, with a fmall 
iron, by a dextrous hand, is the moll certain 
"way. 
The Treatment of Burns, Scalds, &c. 
If the Ikin remains intire, bathe the part well 
with camphorated fpirit of wine, and keep It 
conflantly moiften’d with the fame ; the follow- 
ing difcutient wafti may be ufed for the fame 
purpofe ; for faline and fpirituous applications 
oxcel others, while the {kin is unbroke ; but if 
the fkin is feparated and bladders are form’d fnip 
them and drefs with bees wax and oil, keeping 
the part conflantly fuppled with linfeed oil. If 
fioughs are formed, drefs with the digeftive 
ointment, till they feparate; any drying oint- 
ment will then compleat the cure. If a fever The Surgical Part oj 
attends bleed largely, give cooling phyfic and 
nitre. 
TAKE of crude fal ammoniac, two ounces, 
lime water a quart, boil ’till the ialt is 
diflblved, and add half a pint of fpirit of 
wine. 
A Difcutient Wajh. 
This is a proper application for a bruife on 
the withers, efpecially if attended with little 
hot watery pimples: let it be ufed three times 
Remark 
a day, binding on the part, a thick cloth 
wetted in the fame. In recent cafes, a hot 
dilh clout applied in the fame manner will often 
fucceed ; or a wifp of hay dipt in vinegar 
and cold water, and bound tight on with a cir- 
cingle. 
A Repellent Wajh. 
TAKE of white wine vinegar a quart, of 
oil of vitriol one ounce, or half an ounce 
of white vitriol diffolved in a little water. 
Mix them together. 
Remark. 
This will be found alfo a very effectual 
application for the above complaint, if applied 
early : It is a good repeller in general, and may 
be depended on for that intention. Tragical Farriery. 
A Mixture againjl Warbles. 
TAKE of camphorated fpirit of wine, four 
ounces, oil of chamomile and fpirit of fal 
ammoniac of each one ounce. Mix them 
together. 
Remark. 
This may be ufed in order to difperfe the 
fwelling, when tending to fuppurate, and when 
through negle£t, it is too late to apply the re- 
pellent wafh. 
Againft a Canker in the Mouth. 
TAKEi»of aegyptiacum and tin&ure of myrrh, 
of each two ounces, of oil of vitriol one 
dram. 
Let the fores be well rubbed two or three 
times in a day, with a rag dipped in this appli- 
cation ; or they may be wafhed in the fame man- 
ner with fpirit of fea fait. When the Houghs 
feparate, a little honey and alum will complete 
the cure. 
Remark. 
Another for fore Mouths in general. 
TAKE of quickfilver and white chalk, of 
each half an ounce; rub together ’till the 
quickfilver is thoroughly divided, and both 
well incorporated, then add two ounces of 
Eoney. The Surgical Fart of 
Remark. 
With this mixture the fores may be a- 
nointed three or four times a day, as it is lefs 
irritating than the above, and in many cafes 
may be preferred to it, efpecially when the 
circumjacent parts are inflamed, and very 
tender. 
# ' T:Ov -k - • ■ 
Another againfl a fore Mouth. 
TAKE of fpirit of wine and vinegar, of 
each four ounces, honey two ounces, burnt 
alum powder’d two drams. Mix them to- 
gether in a phial. 
Remark. 
This is proper to wafh the fores and ulcera- 
tions with* which are occafioned by bad bits, 
and if ’tis applied in time, will foon remove 
them. 
A Wajh againfl frejh Farcy Buds. 
TAKE of fpirits of wine four ounces, oil 
of vitriol and turpentine of each two 
ounces, white wine vinegar, or verjuice 
fix ounces. 
Or the following. 
TAKE of re&ified fpirits of wine, four 
ounces, camphor half an ounce, vinegar 
or verjuice fix ounces, white vitriol one Practical Farriery. 
119 
ounce, diflblved in four ounces of fpring 
water. 
Remark. 
These are both repelling and difcutient; 
with either, the furrounding fwelling may be 
bath’d, which will prevent the fpreading of the 
buds, and dlfperfe the fwelling. When the 
farcy attacks the lower limbs, ’tis frequently 
ftopt by binding on a poultice of bran and ver- 
juice, and renewing it once a day. If proud 
flefh fhould arife touch it with oil of vitriol, 
or aqua fortis. Confult the internal remedies fop 
farcy. 
Agctinji chorded Veins, 
TAKE of oil of turpentine in a pint bottle 
fix ounces, oil of vitriol three ounces, drop 
the oil of vitriol in by degrees. 
Remark. 
Equal parts of thefe oils may be ufed, when 
the difeafe is feated in the flanks or belly ; this 
mull: be continued till the buds digeft, and the 
Chord diflblves, and when the fores run plenti- 
fully, and digeft well, and the lips and edges 
no way thick or callous, a fpeedy cure may be 
expected. Some drefs with quickfilver and 
turpentine. 120 
cThe Surgical Part of 
Againji an inveterate Farcy. 
TAKE of llnfeed oil half a pint, oil of 
turpentine and petre, of each three ounces, 
tin&ure of euphorbium half an ounce, oil 
of origanum and double aqua fortis, o£ 
each half an ounce, after the ebullition 
is over, add two ounces of Barbadoss tar. 
Remark. 
Rub this into the chorded veins, and where* 
ever- there is fwelling, once in a day or two ; 
but if the orifices are choaked up with proud 
flelh, or the fkin fo much thickened over the 
ulcers as to confine the matter, the proud flefli 
fhould be deftroyed with a hot pointed iron : to 
prevent the rifing it fhould be touch’d with oil of 
vitriol, aqua fortis, or butter of antimony; or 
dreffed with a falve, prepared by rubbing any 
quantity of quickfilver with enough of aqua fortis 
to the confidence of a liniment. 
A JVajh to fupprefs proud Flejh. 
TAKE of corrhfive fublimate half an ounce, 
lime water a quart, diffolve, and pour off 
the clear for ufe. 
Remark. 
With a little tow wetted in this water, any 
fore with fpongy, or proud flefh* may be wafh-^ Tragical Farriery. 
121 
Ed, ’till the flefti obtains a firmer texture and 
confidence. It may be ufed alfo to great advan- 
tage in the mange, and to feme obftinate tet- 
terous eruptions of the fkin. 
A Difcutient Wajh. 
TAKE of white vitriol two drams, diflolve 
in a pint of lime water, and add four ounces 
of camphorated fpirit of wine. 
Remark. 
This is a proper application to remove feme 
kinds of cutaneous eruptions on the fkin, when 
the fir ft inflammation is abated by elder, or other 
cooling ointments. 
A cooling Eye Water. 
TAKE of white vitriol two or three drams, 
fugar of lead one dram, diflolve in a pint 
of fpring water; to which may be added 
when the inflammation is abated, com- 
pound powder of ceiufs or tutty two 
drams. 
Remark. 
This is very proper for an Inflamed eye, 
attended with weeping; it thoukl be wafhed 
three or four times in a day, with a iponge 
Netted in it, and a tew drops fhould be fqueezed. 
tnto the corner of the eye. Bleeding* nitre. 122 
The Surgical Part of 
and cooling phyfic, are abfolutely neceflary as 
auxiliaries; the eye-lid may be anointed with the 
lead ointment, and the temples and forehead 
bathed with vinegar and water ; where the veins 
of the face appear turgid, let them be opened 
with a lancet; bleeding in the mouth will alfo 
be found of great fervice, and fhould be re- 
peated every other day, ’till the inflammation 
abates. 
A Difcutient Eye Water. 
TAKE of fpring water and French brandy, 
of each three ounces, of camphor ten 
grains, of fugar of lead half a dram, dif- 
fol ve the ; camphor in the brandy, and the 
fugar of lead in the water. 
Remark. 
When the firfl: inflammation is abated this 
may be ufed ; and as it is more animated than 
the former, when the running is leffen’d, it will 
by its warmth and attenuating faculty, help to 
thin and difeufs the impa&ed fluids. It fhould 
be applied warm by means of rags wetted in It, 
as often as they grow dry. Let it be obferved, 
that the eye in the firfl ftate of inflammation is 
fo tender, that eye waters prepared with tutty or 
fuch aflringent powders, rather aggravate the 
diforder: we have therefore conditionally rejected 
fuch, preferring the folmion of falts on thefe oc- 
cafions, as in the above form. Practical Farriery. 
123 
Remarks on Moon Blindnefs, &c. 
The periodical return of inflammation, and 
fluxion on the difeafed eyes of hcrfes, being 
fometimes monthly, has been the occaflon of 
calling this diflemper by the name of Moon 
Blindnefs ; which is by no means to be attri- 
buted to the influence of that planet, but to the 
gradual accumulation of fluids for a certain fpace 
of time, till the capillary arteries and lymphatic 
veffels are totally obftru£ted : In con fequence of 
this, an inflammation enfues, fometimes both 
within, as well as without the globe of the eye; 
the lachrymal points being now Ihut up by the 
fwelling of the parts, the tears which are fecreted 
in great abundance, are hindred from pal Ting the 
lachrymal canals, which are the ufual channels of 
conveying them to the nofe; and therefore they 
glide down the cheek in great quantities: the 
cornea which was before tranfparent, now looks 
foul and troubled; fometimes red, at others white, 
according to the different degrees of obflru&ion 
formed in the lymphatic, or fanguinary veffels : 
if the red blood is forced into the lymphatic vef- 
fels, where the ferum only fhould circulate, their 
natural deaf white appearance, will be changed 
into a red one ; and if the lymph fhould be 
thicken’d by the heat and inflammation, they will 
appear white, like the fluid part of an egg in- 
fpiffated by the heat of boiling water. 
These are the general fymptoms that at dif- 
ferent times, attend this Tecies of blindnefs ; 124 
The Surgical Part of 
nature perhaps at lafl; unloading the obftru&ed 
veflfels by the abundant flow of tears, or by 
other ways unknown to us; fo that this uncom- 
mon fecretion fhould never be checked by reftrin- 
gent wafties, ’till plentiful bleeding and cooling 
purges have led the way, and depleted the loaded 
veflfels. The parts then recover their natural 
tone, and difpofition, ’till the fame caufe, which 
fubfifts in the blood, produces a frelh obftru&ion 
in a certain limited time ; and this charadterifes 
the periodical fluxion. From repeated attacks of 
this kind, the inflammation extends to the internal 
part of the eye, the veflfels of the chriflalline 
humour grow opake, the rays of’Might can no 
longer pervade it, a true cataradf is produced, 
and total blindnefs neceflfarily enfues : this alfo 
may be cccafloned by a general inflammation 
feizing the cornea, &c. without the eye, thicken- 
ing it’s coats in fuch a manner, that no rays of 
light can pa fs through the pupil, to be imprefled 
,on the retina.—If this be the true flate of this 
malady, frequent bleedings, cooling phyfick, 
nitre, rowels with external repellents are the 
principal remedies to be ufed during the (late of 
inflammation, in order to prevent the humour 
from fixing on the eye ; and mercurial medicines 
as before obferved, are chiefly to be relied on, 
to prevent its return. 
This fpecies of bllndnefs is generally Incur- 
able, and we are glad to compound for the lofs 
of one eye, when both are in this fluctuating 
ftate; but the dife* fes of the eye in general have Tragical Farriery. 
125 
Nothing particularly intricate in their nature, 
nor dees their cure depend on arty other princi- 
ples, than thofe employed in other difeafes, due 
regard being had to the fabric of the parts. Spe- 
cific medicines therefore, as before obferved, 
fhould be reje&ed with contempt, and be con- 
fiderd only as a cloak for ignorance or fome- 
thing worfe : even an indiferiminate ufe of the 
moft celebrated, mud be pernicious, unlefs di- 
rected under certain circumflances of the dif- 
order. If we examine into the ingredients of 
thefe celebrated compofitions, we fhall find the 
bafis of them is more or lefs of a reftringent na- 
ture ; and it is from this property, that they are 
capable of doing fervice, by contracting, and 
thereby {lengthening the veffels which have 
been too much diftended ; but, as different 
degrees of {length muff be proportioned to the 
various ftages of inflammation, fo no one me- 
dicine can well be fuppofed adapted to them 
all; though it may be capable of doing fer- 
vice under certain circumflances of the dif» 
temper. 
A Detergent Eye Water, 
TAKE of lime water one pint, of crude 
fal ammoniac two drams ; let them ftand 
together in a copper veffel, ’till the wa- 
ter has acquired a blue fapphirine co- 
lour. 126 
The Surgical Part ef 
Remark. 
This is found to be a very efficacious deter- 
gent when applied to loul unkind ulcers; a few 
drops alfo applied on the eye daily by means of 
a feather, will remove fpecks, and other films 
formed thereon. 
A Wajh againji the ThruJJj 
TAKE of vinegar and fpirit of wine of 
each two ounces, tindture of myrrh and 
aloes, one ounce, aegyptiacura half an 
ounce 
Remark. 
Wherever there appears a more than or- 
dinary moifture, bathe the thrufli witli this wafh, 
and lay over the fores a pledgit of tow dipt in it. 
Purges and diuretic medicines fhould be given to 
prevent the inconveniencies that may enfue the 
drying up thefe difcharges. 
A fcalding Mixture againji the Poll Evil. 
TAKE corrofive fublimate, vcrdigreafe fine- 
ly powder’d, and roman vitriol, of each 
two drams, copperas half an ounce, oil of 
turpentine and train oil, of each eight 
ounces, re&ified fpirit of wine four ounces. 
Mix them together in a bottle. Practical F a r n E R Y. 
127 
TAKE half an ounce of verdigrcafe, half a 
a pint of train oil, fourteen ounces of oil of 
turpentine, and two of oil of vitriol. Mix 
them together. 
Another for the fame Purpofe. 
Remark. 
This laft is milder than the former: the me- 
thod of afing both is this ; after the abfcefs is 
well cleanfed with a fpunge dipt in vinegar, put 
a proper quantity into a ladle with a fpout, and 
when it is fcalding hot, pour it into the abfcefs, 
and clofe the lips together with one or more 
flitches : this is to remain in feveral days, and 
repeated ’till the matter grows thick and leffens; 
this method ts much recommended ; but though 
thefe corrofive dreflings may contract the veffely 
of the tendons, which are continually fpewing 
out an ichor, that cannot be brought to digeflion, 
or thick matter; yet we apprehend the knife only 
can lay a proper foundation for healing, by par- 
ing away all callofities, opening finus’s, cutting 
away fungous fubflances, and making a depend- 
ing channel for the matter to run off: this 
is the moft effe&ual way, but requires a dex- 
trous hand, and a found judgment to execute it 
properly. 
A Detergent Injection. 
TAKE of aegyptiacum one ounce, lime water 
half a pint. Mix them together. 128 
The Surgical Part of 
Remark. 
This injection may be thrown into hollow* 
cavernous ulcers, which cannot be laid open, 
and where other medicaments cannot be made t<x 
reach. It will cleanfe the fores, and by 
inflaming the fides, caufe the cavities to unite by 
agglutination. 
An ounce of refm of aegyptiacum, diflblved 
in a pint of oil of turpentine, may alfo be ufed 
for this purpofe. 
An Inject on againjl humours ouzing from the 
Joints. 
TAKE of lime water a pint, lapis medica- 
mentofus half an ounce, honey of rofesand 
tin&ure of myrrh, each one ounce. 
Remark. 
Where the capfula or ligamentous purfe 
which furrounds a joint, is divided, and the 
fynovia or joint oil is running out, a fpoonful or 
two of this inje&ion may be thrown into it by 
means of a fyringe, two or three limes in a day, 
in order to reftrain the difcharge by fhutting up 
the mouths of the veflfels: A piece of flannel dipt 
in a ftrong decodHon of oak bark and alum, fhould 
be applied round the joint externally, and bound 
on tight with proper comprefs and roller; 
where neither cartilage or bone are yet eroded, 
this method may fucceed, and prevent the fhoot- Practical Farriery. 
129 
mg out of a fungus, which ufually attends wounds 
of the joint; and by preventing the free admif- 
fion of air into the joint, may fecure the carti- 
lage and bone from future injury ; but when 
from the fetidnefs of the dlfcharge and the ufe 
of the probe, the bones are difcovered to be 
naked and rough, all remedies are vain; for 
fhould the rotten bone be brought to feparatc, 
or exfoliate, a ftiff joint would be the natural 
confequence.. 
chap. vi. 
On Poifons, &c. 
A Method of curing the Bile of a mad Dog, 
RUB into the part where the wound was 
received, a dram or more of mercurial 
ointment, made by rubbing in a mortar, two 
parts of hogs lard with one of crude quickfilver 
or rather of equal parts well divided with a little 
turpentine : This fhould be done as foon as pof- 
fible after the bite, and repeated every day 
for a week j but if it can be done twice a 
day without falivation it is better. The even- 
ing of the fame day let the patient take the fol- 
lowing bolus. 
TAKE Turbith mineral and camphor of 
each equal quantities, viz. from three to 
eight grains mixed up in a little conferve of 
hips. The Surgical Part of 
Remark. 
This fhould be repeated the next evening but 
one, and again after forty eight hours interval. If 
a faiivation enfues, the ufe of the medicine fhould 
he deferred ’till that ceafes, and then be re- 
affumed: about two or three days after the lad 
dole, if no accident happens as to a faiivation, 
the patient fhould bathe in cold water over 
head every day, ’till the day before the next full 
or new moon ; And that day let the turbith 
dofe be repeated for three times as before. After 
the third dofe let the patient bathe as before. Let 
this method be repeated for three or four luc- 
ceeding periods of the moon. 
A Method of curing Dogs bitten. 
TAKE of turbith mineral feven grains, give 
it to the dog mixed up in butter ; at the 
didance of twenty four hours, increafe the 
quantity to twelve grains, and repeat it 
every other day for fome time. This me- 
thod mud; be repeated at the two or three 
fucceeding fulls, and changes of the 
jnoon. 
Remark. 
Do£bor James and his friends, have tried 
this medicine upon a great many dogs ; and he 
fays, it never failed in any one indance; tho’ 
dogs bit at the fame time, and by the fame dog, 
Lave run mad, after mod other medicines had 
been tried. Tragical Far r i r r t. 
The Method of curing Harfes bitten. 
TAKE of Turbith mineral and camphor of 
each equal quantities, viz. from half a 
dram, to a dram; philonium two drams, mix 
them into a ball, and give it to the horfe 
every other night for a fortnight, if it does 
not make his mouth fore, or flaver. 
Remark. 
As foon as this fyrnMom is difcover’d, the 
medicine mud: be ’till it is re- 
moved ; and then lt fhculd be re- 
peated in fmaller quantities according to the a- 
bove diredtions. Vide Chap, on Alteratives. 
A Remedy againjl the Bite of a mad Dog. 
TAKE of gentian and native cinnabar in 
powder, each fifteen grains, agaric in 
powder, five grains. Mix together, and 
give it every morning for three times ; and 
repeat it in three days. - 
R E M A R Kg. 
This medicine has been fuccefsfully given 
for the above purpofe, and was communi- 
cated by a very able phyCcian.—We recommend 
from experience the immediate application of 
the adtual cautery to the part bitten, and think 
it maybe produ&ive of much good : It may per- 
haps controul the a&ivity of the poifon, and by 
promoting a local difeharge, which may be fup- The Surgical Part ef 
ported for feveral weeks, prevent thofe fhooting 
pains in the limb, which often enfue on the heal- 
ing up of the wound, and the confinement of 
the poifon, which poffibly might in part be dif- 
charged this way. Every probable attempt to 
obviate a calamity fo dreadful, and fhocking to 
humanity, deferves our attention, nor ihould we 
relinquHh all hope of afcertaining an effectual 
cure, as fruitlefs, and beyond the reach of hu- 
man underftanding, becaufe medicines hitherto 
recommended as have by experience 
proved inadequate, Iwlflyhave in time dwindled 
into contempt and oblmdSV from the uncertain 
effedts of medicines of this kind, we hope the 
poifon does not fo often take place as is imagin’d,, 
and ’tis probable therefore that many receive the 
bite without the infection ; as the varioius mat- 
ter in inoculation is frequently inferted without 
producing the fmall pox. 
The following account from Dr. Mead’s 
treatife of poifons, is truly tragical, nor can it 
be related without horror, or being greatly af- 
fected by fo difmal and calamitous a fcene ; as 
proves the afionifhing force of this poifon in feme 
confiitutions. 
A young man was bit by a mad dog, and 
married the fame morning. He lpent (as is ufual) 
that whole day, ’till late in the night, in mirth, 
dancing, and drinking: in the morning, he was 
found in bed raving mad ; his bride (horrible 
fpe&acle!) dead by him; her belly torn open Tragical Farriery. 
with his teeth, and her entrails twilled round his 
bloody hands. 
133 
The heat of the blood and fpirits from ex- 
cefs of exercife and wine ; but more perhaps 
from the tranfports of palfion in the firft fury of 
conjugal embraces, had, no doubt, in this cala- 
mity, given fuch advantage to the venom, that 
it’s power was railed to a greater degree in lefs 
than twenty-four hours, than in common acci- 
dents of this kind it acquires in as many days. 
Dr. Mead’s Remedy againji the Bite of a Mad 
Dog. 
TAKE of liverwort half an ounce, black 
pepper two drams. Mix them together, 
and divide it into four parts. 
Take one every morning fading. After this 
the patient is to be put into a cold bath, pond, 
or river, for thirty days together. 
Remark.. 
This medicine is by no means infallible, and 
perhaps the fuccefs attributed to it, might be 
owing, in a great meafure, to the poifonous fa- 
liva not being received into the habit of thofe 
patients, to whom it was given. 
‘The Tonquin Remedy againji the Bite of Mad 
Dogs. 
TAKE of native and fa&itious cinnabar, each 
twenty-five grains, of the beft mulk four- 
teen grains, to be taken in a glafs of arrack The Surgical Part of 
for tliree nights fucceflively, and then the 
night before the feveral fucceeding great 
periods of the moon. 
Remark, 
This is one of the medicines* which has 
long been in great efteem for this purpofe, and 
perhaps its (heeds might principally be owing to 
the mercury contained it. 
Oil of Olives, for the cure of the Bites from 
Vipers. 
Rub the part bitten, and the whole limb 
with hot fallad oil, for a confiderable time, then 
wrap it up in linen cloths wetted with the fame, 
and renew the applications frequently. 
O R, 
Let the limb be chafed and immerfed for an 
hour at a time in the fame oil, before the cloths 
are applied. 
Remark,. 
In the Philofophical Tranfa&ions of the Royal 
Society for 1734, we find an account of a viper 
catcher, who fuffer’d himfelf to be bitten in the 
wrift, and joint of the thumb, by an old black 
viper ; the ill effe&s of which were prevented 
by the above application alone: The fame man 
a week or ten days after was bitten in the pre- 
fence of many Members of the Royal Society ; 
but not applying the oil ’till au hour and a quar- Profited Farriery. 
ter after the bite, his fymptoms were more 
violent; yet they were removed principally by 
the oil applied externally, as well as taken in- 
ternally : An account alfo is there given of a pi- 
geon, and a little fpaniel dog bit by other vipers, 
which recover’d by the fame application. But 
fo fallacious, it Teems, are the narratives of ex- 
periments, that a committee employed for that 
purpofe by the French Academy of Sciences, re- 
ported their experiments, made with the fame 
oil on animals, unfuccefsful : a pigeon here 
bitten by a viper recover’d by the ufe of the oil, 
while five pigeons bit at Paris, all died Toon 
after, notwithftanding the application of the 
fame remedy. Two pigeons bit before the Royal 
Society, who died without any remedy being 
ufed, were found to have their flelh black, and 
gangrened ; their blood coagulated and black ; 
yet the committee of the Academy of Sciences, 
allure us that they found no mark of coagula- 
tion in the blood of the animals bit; but, on 
the contrary, a remarkable fluidity of it: They 
pulhed their experiments Hill farther, and mix- 
ing the oil with fome of the poifonous liquor of 
the viper, they then introduced it into wounds 
made for that purpofe ; and the event was nigh 
the fame, as if the animal had been bit: They 
therefore concluded, that the oil thus applied is 
inefficacious for the intended purpofe. But 
how difficult foever it may be to reconcile the 
above experiments on animals, M. Pouteau, in 
his Melanges de Chirurgie, publilhed in 17^°> 136 
The Surgical Part of 
has refuted this affertion of the Academy* and 
has proved in a variety of trials, made both on 
men, and animals, that the oil has fucceeded 
even after fymptoms from the bite became 
threatning ; and that there feldom can be occa- 
fion for internal remedies, unlefs in feme weak 
habits, to animate the circulation ; which will 
augment the fymptoms of danger, in a different 
conftitution. 
It is a general opinion, that the oil ads not 
by any fpecific virtue peculiar to it; but by the 
qualities in common with other oily, and emol- 
lient bodies, it fheaths the fpicula, relaxes and 
removes the tendon of the nervous fyflem, ir- 
ritated by the local poifon; and moft probably 
alfo aggravated by the impreflion of the vi- 
per’s teeth, on feme nervous filamentsThefe 
fpafms, or nervous irritations are- thus calmed 
and relaxed by the oil; the tendon of the 
ikin and mufd.es abated by it, in the fame 
manner mod; probably as any unduous body, 
or emollient poultices would effed hy their re- 
laxing power. 
From ail the accounts we have of the vi- 
perine poifor.i of Aft a, Africa, and America, we 
find that the bites of the neff venomous ler- 
pents, are cured by external applications only ; 
the Negroes never fail f curing, even thofe 
whole bite is fatal in twenty-four hours, by the 
application of fome herbs to the part, if done 
in tune, Tragical FARRIERY. 
137 
That the blood is not immediately concern- 
ed, is now pretty generally allowed, and con- 
firmed by Dr. Mead _in the preface to his efiay 
on poifons ; “ I was of opinion, fays He, when 
“ I firft wrote thefe Effays, that the effedls of 
“ poifons, efpecially thofe from venomous ani- 
t( mals, might be accounted for, by their af* 
" fedting the blood only; but the confidera- 
“ tion of the fuddennefs of this mifchief, too 
(( quick to be brought about in the courfe of 
t( circulation (for the bite of a rattle fnake 
“ killed a dog in lefs than a ouarter of a 
et minute,) together with the nature of the 
“ fymptoms intirely nervous, induced me to 
** change my opinion.” 
Is it not probable that the poifon lies under 
the Ikin of the part bitten, irritating the nervous 
filaments of the tela cellulofa ? And that thefe 
fpafmuli are gradually propagated through the 
whole limb, ’till the contagion effedts the nerves 
governing fome vifcera, that are more imme- 
diately fubfervient to health and life ? and 
that then, and not before, the more evident 
fpafms, conftituting the danger, begin to exert 
themfelves ? Though our knowledge of the 
ftrudlure of the nerves is fo bounded, that we 
cannot account for their manner of operating, 
or being operated upon ; yet daily experience 
convinces us of their fympathetic power in their 
communication with each other ; and that their 
fpafmodic force may be fo exerted, as to pro- 
duce a variety of diforders both externally and The Surgical Pari of 
internally : Thus fpafms on the fldn, mem- 
branes, and mufcles, will produce all the fymp- 
toms of fwelling, obftru&ion, inflammation, and 
gangrene externally ; on the ftomach, and bowels, 
ficknefs, vomiting, gripes, internally ; on the 
liver, by the fpafmodic contractions of the bi- 
liary duCts, they will produce jaundice ; on the 
heart, palpitations, fwooning, for as the learn- 
ed Doctor above obferves, tt though the firfl. im- 
preflilonof the poifon be made upon the nervous 
fpirits, yet the whole mafs of blood very quickly 
partakes of the hurt;” not, I fut-pofe, fays he, 
from any mixture of the venom with it, but 
from fuch a corruption of it, as an irregular 
circulation, interrupted fecretions and ftagnations 
in the fmalleft veffels (the confequences of a vi- 
tiated nervous fluid,) may naturally produce. Nor 
will this feem ftrange, flnce fuch a compounded 
liquor as the blood is, may certainly undergo any 
imaginable qhanges, by alterations made in it’s 
motion only. 
The fame Gentleman is for reviving the me- 
thod of Celfus, and recommends the immediate 
fucking of the wound made by the viper ; either 
by the patient himfelf, if he can come at it, or 
by fome other perfon. Whofoever does this 
kind office, ought to wafh his mouth and lips 
well before hand with warm oil, and hold fome 
of it in his mouth while the fuCHon is perform- 
ing. After this is over, he recommends an ipe- 
cacuana vomit, to be work’d off with oil and Tragical Farriery. 
warm water. The good effect of this is owing 
to the fhock, which the action of vomiting gives 
to the nerves, whereby the irregular ipaims, 
into which the whole fyftem may be drawn, are 
prevented. The part affeded, and the whole 
limb may be well bathed as above direded, 
which will ad as an emollient fomentation to 
the tumified part, and if the patient feels any 
Hcknefs, faintnefs, or any of the nervous fymp- 
toms above mentioned, a fweat mull be pro- 
moted by cordial medicines, fuch as Raleigh's 
confedion, Venice treacle, and fait of harftiorn, 
or vipers. 
We (hall clofe thefe Remarks which have run 
to a greater length than we intended, by observ- 
ing that however injurious poifons received im- 
mediately into the blood by wounds may be ; 
that they may, with the above cautions be taken 
into the mouth without hurt; their force being 
broken and diflblved by the oil and faliva. To 
confirm which aflertion. Dr. Mead was well af- 
fured, that the Indians cure the bite of the 
rattle fnake, by fucking the wound, and taking 
immediately a large quantity of a decodion of 
the feneca rattle fnake root (which vomits plen- 
tifully) and laying to the part the fame root 
chew’d. As a farther confirmation, he relates a 
cafe that happen’d fome years fince in London, 
of a man bit on one of his fingers by a rattle- 
fnake, juft then brought over from Virginia. 
He irqjnediately put his finger into his mouth. 140 
7be Surgical Part of 
and fucked the wound; his under-lip and tongue 
were prefently fwelled to a great degree; he 
faulter’d in his fpeech, and in fome meafure left 
his fenfes. He then drank a large quantity of oil, 
and warm water upon it, by which he vomited 
plentifully ; a live pigeon was cut in two, and 
applied to the finger ; two hours after this, the 
flelh about the wound was cut out, and the part 
burnt with a hot iron, and the arm bathed with 
hot oil. He then recover’d his fpeech and fenfes: 
his arm continued fwelled the next day, hut by 
common applications foon grew ea' and 
fuffered no farther mifehief. 
As the bites and flings of infedls, bees, Hor=- 
nets, wafps, gnats, &c. are often very trouble- 
fome, and attended with more pain, fwelling, 
and inflammation, in forne habits, than could be 
expedfed from fuch little enemies; we fhall con- 
clude with obferving, that the common cure in 
all accidents of this kind, will be, (as in the 
bite of the viper) by immediately fucking out 
with the mouth, the inftilled poifonous drop 
which they emit; bathing the part well with warm 
oil, and applying to the wound a poultice of 
bread and milk well foften’d with the fame. Dif- 
cutient ointments and' fomentations are in fome 
conftitutions neceffary, to breathe the part and dif- 
perfe the dwelling; nor fhould cooling phyfic 
and bleeding be omitted in fucli habits. Tragical Farriery. 
141 
Againjl the Bite of a Rattle-Snake. 
'TAKE of the roots of plantain and here- 
hound (in the fummer the roots and 
branches together) a fufficient quantity; 
bruife them in a mortar, and fqueeze 
out the juice, of which give vas foon as 
poffible one large fpoonful; if the patient 
be fwelled, you mull force it down the 
.throat. 
Remark. 
This generally will cure, but, if he finds no 
relief in an hour after, you may give another 
fpoonful, which never fails. If the roots are 
dry’d, they mull be molften’d in a little w^ater: 
to the wound may be applied a leaf of good 
tobacco moiften’d with rum. This was the in- 
vention of a Negroe, for the difeovery of which, 
he had his freedom purchafed, and one hundred 
pounds per annum, fettled upon him during his 
life, by the general affembly at Carolina. 
A Method for recovering drowned Perfons. 
As accidents of this kind too frequently hap- 
pen, fo it is much to be feared, that drown’d 
people are fornelimes given over for dead, when 
feme principles of life ftili remain ; and fmee 
•numbers of well aitefted cafes have evinced the 
truth of this conje&ure, we fhall therefore 
make no apology for inferting the following me- The Surgical Part oj 
142 
thod of treating fuch unhappy patients.—We 
cannot fufficiently recommend it to thofe, who 
fhall employ themfelves in this humane and 
beneficent office, not to be difeouraged, if the 
firft appearances do not anlwer their expe&ations; 
for it is certain from experience, that feme 
drown’d perfons, have not begun to difeover any 
figns of life, ’till they have been toffed, and 
tumbled about, for more than two hours; be- 
fides, the man who has fucceeded in reftoring to 
life, a perfon whofe death without his afliftancc 
was certain, is fufficiently rewarded for his pains 
by the fuccefs ; and if his efforts, and diligence 
Ihould fail of the defined fuccefs, he will ftill re- 
ceive an exalted pleafure, from a refle&ion on 
his having afted with the moft noble and generous 
views. After wraping up the unfortunate perfon 
warm, the firft ftep, by the advice of Dr. Mead, 
Ihould be to blow up the fmoke of tobacco into 
the inteftines; then to warm the body by fhaking 
and rolling about, and rubbing with warm cloths 
in bed: in a word to put the blood in motion by 
all manner of ways; and not to be difeouraged, 
though no figns of life Ihould be difeover’d, after 
an hour or two fpent in this good work; towards 
the latter end of which, volatile fpirits and falts 
may have a good effefit. Neither Ihould bleeding 
be omitted, when the blood is become warm 
enough to drop out of the veins. 
To this method, after premifing the good old 
way of rolling the patient on a barrel to dif- 
charge the water taken in,, we ftrongly recom- Pradical Farriery. 
inend the immediate inflation of the lungs, by 
filling them for feme time with warm air blown 
from the mouth of another, into that part of 
the patient; at the fame time pinching up the 
noftrils, to prevent the return of it through the 
nofe ; of fuch importance is this inflation of the 
lungs, that to render it more effe&ual, even the 
windpipe might be opened, that a blow pipe, 
reed, or quill may be introduced, and warm air, 
or the fumes of tobacco be thereby conveyed to 
the lungs. This operation, however dreadful in 
idea, is to be performed with the utmofl: fafety 
and eafe, by any judicious furgeon.—ln fuffocati- 
ons from charcoal, and other noxious fumes, the 
filling the lungs with warm air has frequently 
been attended with fuccefs: for by blowing up 
the collapfed air veflels of the lungs, thefpafmb- 
dic conftri&ions are removed, the refiftance to 
the blood’s flow into the pulmonary veflels is ta- 
ken off, and the heart now enabled to exert its 
feeble efforts more effe&ually, by degrees reco- 
vers its former power. 
In order to inforce the above method, and to 
animate every one’s endeavours on thefe melan- 
choly occafions, we think proper to obferve, that 
the general figns of death are very uncertain; 
for as the rednefs of the face, the heat of the 
body, and the foftnefs of the flexible parts, are 
precarious marks of a remaining principle of life; 
fo, on the contrary, the palenefs bf the com- 
plexion, the coldnefs of the body, the rigidity 
of the extremities, and the abolition of the ex- The Surgical Part of 
ternal fenfes, are very dubious and fallacious figns 
of death. The puliation of the arteries and 
refpiration are infallible figns of life; but we 
are by no means to imagine, that thefe two mo- 
tions are totally extinguifhed, when they become 
invifible to the eye, or imperceptible to the 
touch. In fhort, as nothing but a beginning pu- 
trefaction can afcertain the abfolute certainty of 
death, we fhould not be deficient, on thefe occa- 
fions particularly, in ufing every method poffible, 
to reanimate the powers of life, which probably 
may be only fufpended; and yet may be totally 
abolifhed through our negleCt, and fuffering the 
patient to die for want of proper and feafonable 
afllflance; we wifh from fome cafes within our 
own knowledge, that this neglect is not too com- 
mon ; of this truth we are but too certain, that 
the unfortunate perfons were refigned to fate, 
without putting any of the above means of re- 
covery in praCtice, 
CONCLUSION. 
THUS have we laid down the general prin- 
ciples, on which the furgical treatment of 
horfes depends; the operative part having been 
treated of in our Gentleman’s Farriery: and if 
by the firaple method we have propofed, the ani- 
mal fhould be releafed fre m the barbarous treat- 
ment too often put in praCtice, we fhall not re- 
pent the time devoted to io good purpofe: Ouf 
principal intention was to inform Gentlemen of Practical Farriery. 
145 
the rationale of external applications, that they 
may judge for themfelves, and be convinced, 
that nature and time co-operating together, will 
frequently effect what pretending art cannot ; 
though the latter has often the honour of cure 
attributed to it, without the leafl foundation: 
this is a point, which thofe who have ftudied, and 
obferved the operations- of nature, are well con- 
vinced of. On this account particularly, we 
have reafon to make apology for the redundancy 
of forms here given ; which in our opinion might 
have been reduced into a much lefs compafs: but 
as we were difpofed to give fatisfaction to thofe 
who may differ from us in this refpedl; we hope 
that they who find what they approve 
will excufe the infertion of fomething more for 
4he fake of others. The Gentleman Farrier’/ Surgery JhouU 
confiji of the following. 
A Cafe of difledting Knives, Lancets and 
Fleams. 
Actual Cauteries, flat, and pointed. 
A Cafe of ftraight and crooked Needles, 
Sponges, both frefh, and dried. 
Spatulas, Probes, and Sciflars. 
Scales, Weights, and Mortars. 
Lint, Tow, Rollers, and Ladles. 
Wound Ointment 
Green Ointment 
Black Bafilicon 
Drying Cerate 
/Egyptiacum 
Quickfilver Ointment 
Soap Liniment, or 
Opodeldoc 
Bate's Balfam 
Oil of Turpentine 
Vitriol 
Origanum 
Balfam of Tupentine 
Tindture of Myrrh 
of Euphorbium 
Friar's Balfam 
Aqua Fortis 
Corrofive Sublimate 
Butter of Antimony 
Cauflics, 
Red Precipitate 
Alum Roch, and 
burnt 
Styptic Water 
Colcothar powder’d 
Spirit of Wine 
Camphor 
Sugar of Lead 
Verdigreafe 
Venice, or Alicant 
Soap 
Sal-Ammoniac 
Bole, vitriol blue and 
white 
Common and Venice 
Turpentine 
Tar, Honey- 
Hogs Lard 
Wine Vinegar. THE 
MEDICAL PART 
OF PRACTICAL 
FARRIERY. 
G H A P. I. 
Of Colds and Fevers. 
A general Dr/nk for a Cold. 
TA K E of frefli anifeeds brulfed two 
ounces, faffron one dram, pour on them 
a pint and a half of boiling water foften’d 
with bran, when cold, drain off the liquor, 
and add to it two ounces of honey, and 
the fame quantity of Spanijh liquorice dif- 
folved in part of the infufion, the faffroit 
may be omitted, if thought too expenfive. 
Remark. 
When a horfe has taken cold, and is attend- 
ed with a flight cough, let him be immediately 
blooded to the quantity of two quarts, and have 148 
‘The Medical Part of 
an additional doathing, in order to encourage a 
free perfpiration, that has been check’d ; and 
which never can be fuppreflfed, without great 
detriment to his health: The above drink may 
be given every night, and the horfe dieted with 
bran mafhes, (in which flower of brimfloneanay 
be mixed,) and plenty of warm water. If the 
cold fubmits not in a few days to this treatment, 
let him be blooded once more, and give the nitre 
ball* QJT foljation, fnftead of the above. 
Remarks on bleeding, and the Pulfe of Horfe/. 
The ingenious Dr. Hales in his haemaflatics, 
fays, that the pulfe of a horfe that is well, and 
not terrified, nor in any pain, is about thirty-fix 
beats in a minute, which is nearly half as faft 
as the pulfe of a man in health : we think on a 
careful examination to have found the pulfations 
to be nigher forty ; however, this may be fup- 
pofed about the nighefl; ftandard of health ; tho* 
an accelerated motion from ftrong exercife, or a 
violent fever, will raife it from fixty to an hundred 
and upwards: a due attention to thefe deviations 
of the pulfe of horfes, is the more necefiary, 
as the animal can give us no information of his 
malady, fo that we mud rely on thofe, and other 
external fymptoms, to point out to us the dif- 
order. Quicknefs and hardnefs of the pulfe. 
can be the only proper direction for the repetition 
of bleeding, in fevers, and other diforders; for 
by experiments it has been demonftrated, that Pra ft teal Farriery. 
by this evacuation, the circulating powers may 
be to any degree weaken’d. The ingenious Gen- 
tleman above-mentioned, by adapting glafs tubes 
to the veflels of living animals, could remark the 
height, which the blood would afcend to in the 
tube, as propelled by the force of the heart and 
arteries: He obferved, that in proportion as he 
evacuated the blood from the body, the aQdons 
©f the arteries became gradually weaker, and 
the afeent in the tube, more and more leffen’d ; 
’till at length the powers of life, unable with a 
due degree of force, to propel and pufh forwards 
the fluids, the animal of courfe expired. It will 
appear then, that by blood-letting the a£tion of 
the heart and arteries, the motion and impetus of 
the blood, and with them the beat of the body, 
may to any degree at pleafure be diminifhed; 
and that a due attention to the pulfe is neceflary 
to dire& us in fo important a'point,-and afcertam 
the repetition of bleeding in every cafe of con- 
sequence. We cannot therefore but ftrongly re- 
commend fuch inquiry; the pulfation of the 
carotid arteries, which run up on each fide of 
the neck, are often to be feen, and may be felt 
a little above the chefl: ; and the arteries within 
fide the leg may readily be traced with the finger: 
was the force with which the heart beats, im- 
mediately after violent exercife, (which is a kind 
of temporary fever) and the quick vibrations of 
the arteries nicely diflinguifhed on fuch occafions; 
an accurate obferver would foon difcover their 
different variations in fevers, by comparing them The Medical Part oj 
with their natural ftandard in health, and count- 
ing the number of their beats by a flop watch 
or ipinute fand glafs. 
Nitre Ball. 
TAKE of nitre, or purified faltpetre/ two 
ounces, mix It into a ball with a fufficienfc 
quantity of honey, and give it thrice a day, 
with a horn or two of any fmall liquor. 
ThiS ball is extremely proper to be given on 
the firft attack of a cold and fever, bleeding 
being firft premifed, and will always be found a 
more ufeful remedy than the cuftomary cordial 
drenches; which fhould be banifhed the ftable, 
as they are more difpoied to augment the fever^ 
on tp(Tpn it « *- * 7 ] . i i I 
* .umc uie above cools the whole 
mafs, attenuates the bicod and fluids, now tend- 
ing to grow vifeid and thick, and ditpofed to form 
obftru&ions in the lungs, or elfewhere: It pro- 
motes alfo the fecretions in general, but more 
particularly that by urine ; and thus carries off 
the morbid caufe before it has power to fettle on 
the lungs or any other part of confequence: if 
this form fhould be difagreeable, it may be given 
difiblved as in the following infufion. 
Remark. 
The cooling Fever Drink, or Nitre Solution., 
TAKE of an infufion of liquorice root, or of 
water gruel, one pint, diflblve in it tw'o Practical Farriery. 
ounces of nitre, and the fame quantity of 
honey ; to which may be added the juice of 
one or two lemons. 
R E M A R K. 
This drink may be given three times a day, 
inftead of the above ball, which is taken by 
feme horfes with great relu&ance and trouble. 
It is contrived to be palatable, as the flomachs* 
of fome horfes are foon palled with medicines : 
the quantity of nitre may be increafed, when it 
is found to fet eafy, which it always will, if 
given in a larger quantity of the infufion, and 
is well diluted with plenty of water. 
An opening Drink. 
TAKE of cream of tartar, and any of the 
purging falls, each four ounces, diflblve 
in a pint and a half of water, and add two 
ounces of lenitive eledtuary. 
R E M A R K. 
This drink will in general be of the greateft 
fervice, in the beginning of a fever, as it ope- 
rates gently by the bowels, and urine; it alfo 
keeps the body cool, and of courfe contributes 
much to abate the fever. Should the horfe be 
inclined to coflivenefs, it Ihould be given every 
jother day; and to fome horfes, whofe bowels 
are moved with difficulty, it may be neceflary The Medical Part of 
to quicken the operation, by the addition of two 
or three drams of powder’d jalap. 
.Remarks on opening Drinks in Fevers. 
Perspiration and fweat net being fo eafily 
produced in horfes by medicine, it becomes necef- 
fary to take off the redundancy in the veflfels, by 
promoting the fecretions of the kidneys and 
bowels, which are more at our command. The 
perfpirable matter therefore, now thrown on the 
lungs, and which might produce inflammation, 
and fatal ccnfequences, may thus be diverted into 
different channels, and the caufe of the diftem- 
der dire&ed to the fafeft outlets. We here only 
follow the operations of nature; who on the 
diminution of any one fecretion, endeavours to 
promote an increafed difeharge from another j by 
which method fhe is very often able to cure 
feveral diforclers in the beginning, without me- 
dical afliflance; and for this reafon the animal 
machine is furnifhed with many of them, to 
ferye as mutual aids to each other. It were to be 
wifhed that this particular branch of the art of 
healing was more ftudied, and better underflood, 
as likely to contribute more abundantly to the 
fafety of the patient, as well as to the reputation 
of the praditioners, both among men, and 
horfes. 
An Emollient Glyjler. 
TAKE two or three handfuls of marfh- 
mallows, and one of chamomile flowers. Practical Farriery. 
with two ounces of fennel feeds bruifed, 
boil them in three quarts of water to two 
ffram off, and add half a pound of treacle, 
and the fame quantity of oil, with a hand- 
ful of fait, or three or four ounces of the 
purging falts. 
Remark. 
We recommend this glyfler as very proper to 
foften the indurated dung, and unload the bow- 
els ; a point of no fmall confequence, as already 
obferved and which fhould be well attended to 
in ail fevers.. We may venture to affert, that if 
the above fimple method be complied with early, 
there are very few fevers but will Submit to it ; 
and that it is a much more rational method of 
curing frefh coughs,, than by any pedtoral balls 
whatever. The glyfter may be more expedi- 
tioufly prepared with two quarts of water gruel, 
fat broth or pot liquor, to which may be added 
the oil, treacle, and falts-; when the opening 
drink is not given, this glyfter may be thrown 
up every day,, and the nitre balls, or drink 
continued.. 
Before we clofe this note, in order to inforcc 
he above practice, we beg leave to obferve, that 
the intention aimed at, is to remove local fullness 
by lefiening the quantity of blood ; .to promote 
the fecretions of perfpiration and urine, by 
thinning and diluting the fluids in general; and 
by cooling the lungs, and promoting afreecir- The Medical Pari of 
culatjon thro’ the pulmonary veflels, to prevent 
obstructions therein, and inflammation, the ufual 
confequence., How thefe rational intentions are 
to be obtained by comfortable drinks, compofed 
of diapente, long pepper, grains of paradife, 
and fuch hot ingredients, or even by the warm 
pefforal balls; let the judicious reader deter- 
mine, who no doubt on it, would not be a little 
alarmed, Should his phyfician, under the above 
circumflance, of fever and cough, recommend 
burnt brandy, or wine to him for their removal; 
which how abfurd Soever, would pot be lefs pre- 
pcfterous practice; but like endeavouring to 
quench a fire, by throwing in gun-powder, or 
Spirits ; or laying on whip and Spur to a horfe on 
the fret, when we would Slop him. In Short, 
the hot regimen, and drinks, or balls, prepared 
with Such ingredients, are as pernicious in general, 
at fuch times, as the cooling ones, which we 
have recommended, are Safe and fuccefsful. 
This therefore may be look’d on as a general 
direction for the firfl attack of a cold or fever: 
indeed little more Seems neceflary in the cure of ar- 
dent inflammatory fevers, than proper well timed 
evacuations, and plentiful cooling dilution, with 
nitrous medicines, and white water Softened with 
bran : for more particular forms, in the different 
flages of fevers, take the following. 
Perioral Drink againjl a Fever attended with 
a Cough. 
TAKE coltsfoot, groundivy, and liquorice 'Practical FarriEßY. 
root, of each four ounces, figs diced, and 
French barley, of each half a pound ; boil 
in a gallon of water to three quarts; to 
which may be added a pound of honey, 
and half a pint of Tweet fpirit of nitre, cr 
half a pound of nitre itfelf. 
This method of giving nitre with the pecto- 
ral herbs may be preferable, in cafe of a cough, 
and apparent forenefs of the chefi, tho’ we 
think barley water alone would do as well; to a 
pint of which four fpconfulls of oil, and the 
fame quantity of oxymel of fquills may be added, 
when the cough appears dry, and bulky, and is 
attended with rattling in the throat; it fhould 
be jepeated every three or four hours, to anfwer 
the intended purpofe. When the colts foot, 
and groundivy are not to be had, Sinfeed and 
liquorice may fupply their place. 
Remark. 
Another for the fame intention. 
TAKE of foluble tartar, linfeed oil and 
honey, each two ounces, diflolve in a pint 
of an infufion of linfeed, liquorice, or 
grueh. 
R E M A R K. 
This may be given in the fame manner with 
the former, and on account of the tartar, may 
ieep the body diffidently -open, without any 'The Medical Part of 
other afliftance. Soleyfel recommends two ounces 
of fait of tartar, and one of fal ammoniac to be 
mixed in a pail of water, with a handful of bran, 
or barley flower to qualify the unpleafant tafte, 
but few horfes will take it in this manner 
voluntarily. 
A Neutral Fever Drink. 
TAKE of pearl afhes, one ounce, diftiHed 
vinegar one pint, fpring water two pints. 
honey four ounces; give a pint three or 
four times in a day., 
> 
Remark. 
We recommend this medicine as formed on 
the fame principle with the fait of wormwood, 
or faline draught, fo frequently directed by the 
faculty in fevers ; and it may be given with the 
fame fuccefs, where the fever is not intenfe, and 
is unaccompanied with cough or inflammation : 
for medicines of this kind cool the whole mafs 
of fluids, attenuate and diflblve that vifeidity 
which it acquires from too great heat, and pre- 
vents thofe obftrudlions in the minute veflels,. 
tyhich refult therefrom. 
A warm Fever Drink 
TAKE cf fnake-root bruifed, two ounces. 
boll in three pints of water to a quart, to 
which add half an ounce of camphor dif- Prafllcal Farriery. 
157 
reived in two ounces of fpirit of wine, and 
half a pint of diftilled vinegar. 
Remark. 
When a fever has continued fome time, this 
drink may be very properly given to the quantity 
of a pint every four, or fix hours, efpecially 
when there is a defeat of peripiraticn, and the 
horfe’s coat appears rough and flaring ; as it 
will probably increafe that evacuation, and affift 
nature in bringing the fever to a crifis. Camphor 
combined in this manner with vegetable acids, 
is frequently found to be of great ule to anfwer 
this intention. 
A Drink againjl a Malignant Fever. 
TAKE of contrayerva root, fcordium, and 
fnake-root, each two ounces; infufe them 
in two quarts of boiling water for two 
hours, then drain the liquor off, and add a 
pint of the camphor drink, and two ounces 
of Venice treacle or mithridate. 
Remark. 
A pint of this drink may be given every fix 
hours ; but it is fuppofed to be neceflary only at 
the decline of a flow, malignant fever, in order 
to accelerate a crifis, when the horfe’s ftrength, 
and fpirits flag, and he flands in need of fuch 
afiflar.ee. For medicines of this kind fhould The Medical Part of 
never be given at the beginning of a fever, or 
where the leafl inflammation is apprehended. 
Every fever fhould be confider’d as the 
effort, or inflrument of nature, to remove fome 
offending caufe from the conflitutiori : for by the 
xncreafed motion of the circulation, flight ob- 
ftru&ions in the veffels are frequently broke 
through; the vifeid fluids are attenuated, and 
render’d fit to be thrown off by the principal 
outlets, and the habit is thereby deliver’d from 
an opprefix ve load. As every fever therefore 
fhould be confider’d as its own cure, the prin- 
cipal intention of art fhould be to regulate pro- 
perly the febrile impetus, or powers of nature, 
which when rightly moderated, will be fufficient 
for that purpofe : If the fever therefore fhould 
be too high, it mud be lower’d by bleeding, and, 
proper evacuations join’d to cooling medicines, 
if too lovj it mud be railed by thofe of a warm 
nature: To diftinguifh the due medium between 
thefe extremes, is the capital point which the 
phyfician has always in view., and by which he 
regulates his curative intentions: It is fcarcely 
to be doubted, that due attention being paid to 
the afliflance which the fever itfelf gives, many 
of them are frequently, and eafily removed by 
very Ample means, which provide only for the 
relief of the fymptoms. 
Remarks on Fevers in generah Practical Farriery. 
159 
Warm cloathing, as before obferved, with 
dilution, and abftinence in diet, will go great 
lengths; but when bleeding, and gentle evacua- 
tions are joined to thefe, the end is generally 
accomplifhed in a few days. 
But notwithftanding the general truth of 
thefe obfervations, which daily experience con- 
firms, yet when nature has been perverted in her 
own work, by officious, and improper affiftance, 
and fevers become intricate and tedious, forry 
are we to obferve, that their treatment is then 
attended with the greateft difficulty, and uncer- 
tainty ; and under fome circumfiances of this 
kind one may venture to fay, that nature, or the 
ftrength of the conftitution, has often the prin- 
cipal fhare in the recovery. ’Till we are there- 
fore thoroughly acquainted with the genius of the 
fever, perhaps it would be better to truft more 
to the operations of nature ; for if the intended 
remedy coincides not with her views, it is almofl 
fure to produce mifchievous confequences. It is 
much to be fufpedted alfo, that we are often 
deceived in regard to the efficacy of medicines, 
and attribute favourable events to them, which 
were due only to their lucky adminifiration, 
when nature was about to produce her own crifis 
to the diflemper: but however this may be, it 
Ihould caution us againfl: the more violent, ’tiH 
experience has fully jufiified their ufe. 
We mean not by thefe obfervations, to de- 
grade the art of phyfic; being fully fatisfied of The Medical Part of 
the powerful effects of medicine, and. of the 
great cures wrought by the rules of art in many 
diftempers: Yet we mull confefs that fo per- 
plexing fometimes are anomalous fevers, that the 
rules of phyfic not being always drawn from the 
©biervation, and knowledge of nature, phyfi- 
cians are frequently baffled, in their bed endea- 
vours; and on fuch occafions, who but mull 
lament the uncertainty of an art, which is not 
yet fixed on the eftablifhed principles of fcience. 
But it is no wonder the feed fhould fo often mif- 
carry, when the nature of the foil is fo little 
known. Two thoufand years are elapfed with- 
out any confiderable improvements being made 
in the cure of many fevers.; and though fome 
may boad of a modern difeovery, which is fome- 
times attended with extraordinary events, yet is 
it by no means to be depended on as a certain re- 
fuge in fevers of fo great diverfity. 
The Camphor Drink 
TAKE of camphor one ounce, diffolve it in 
two dunces of fpirit of wine, to which add 
a pint of diddled vinegar warmed. 
Remark; 
Four ounces of this may be given as the 
above. In a pint of the neutral ox fever drink j 
where the fever fubmits not to their ufe after 
fome clays. Camphor is a very a&ive. and powei> 
ful medicine, and is faid to penetrate the mod Tragical Farriery. 
minute ramifications, and promote a free circu- 
lation through them: when the limbs become 
ft iff, and inactive by cold, or pafling through 
rivers when heated by exercife : it may be 
given in a ball to the quantity of two drams 
of camphor, and two ounces of nitre, every fix 
hours. 
SchwanbergV Fever Powder. 
TAKE of common black antimony a pound, 
put it into an earthen veflel, which fet 
over a very brilk fire, and when it is very 
hot, and ready to melt, put to it by a hand- 
ful at a time, about a quarter of a pound 
of fhavings of hartftxorn, keeping it con- 
tinually ftirring. By this means the anti- 
mony becomes of a dark afh colour, which 
when fuffer’d to ftand fome time longer on 
the fire, is then finilhed. 
Remark. 
Th at a prefent celebrated fever powder, was 
once challenged to be the fame as this. Is a fa£t 
very well known; and it has been affirm’d with 
great confidence, that a fraall quantity of white 
precipitate mercury added to it, faved the pub- 
liffier the expence of a profecution commenced 
againfi: him as a plagiary. 
The above powder may be prepar’d at the 
chymilbs on very reafonable terms: to two drams 
of which, if afcruple of white percipitate, or cal- 162 
The Medical Part of 
cined mercury be added, perhaps it may have 
equal effeft on horfes, with the above celebrated 
powder; which at the prefent price it is fold* 
is too expenfive a medicine in general for them : 
the compofition of this powder, according to 
the receipt given in, for procuring the patent, 
is antimony and mercury calcined ; which two 
preparations compofe this beaded remedy, but: 
in what proportion thefe are commixt to form 
it, has not been hitherto revealed by the 
pubhfher; one may prefume however that the 
mercurial part is fmall, compared to the an- 
timonial. 
Another Fever Povader. 
TAKE of the calx of antimony unwalhed, 
or of the above powder two drams or half 
an ounce; calcined mercury, or tartar 
emetic, a fcruple or half a Dram.—Give it 
mixt up in a little honey, or conferve ; and 
repeat it night and morning, according to 
it’s effects or operation. 
Remark. 
This medicine, in a due proportion, has been 
given fuccefsfully in fome fevers, and with fimi- 
lar operation to that called James's powder. 
The above quantity may be given to a horfe, 
keeping him well cloathed, and plentifully fup- 
plied with warm water.—As mod feverifh dif- 
©rders arife from taking cold, it fhould fecm. Traffic a\, Farriery. 
163 
that if we could promote a check’d pcrfpiration, 
or excite a gentle fweat without heating the body 
or increafmg the fever, it muft be the mod ex- 
peditious and natural way of removing the com- 
plaint ; antimonial medicines have been found to 
anfwer this intention bed in the human body, by 
promoting the excretions from the feveral out- 
lets ; and if the fame purpofes could be efie6fed 
by them in horfes, particularly in promoting 
perfpiration, or the difcharge by the Ikin, it 
might prove a valuable acquifition. We think it 
deferves trial, either with, or without the mer- 
cury, which might be added occafionally. We 
infert the following alio to gratify fome of our 
readers. 
Another Fever Powder. 
TAKE of the reguline crocus, or glafs of 
antimony finely powder’d, and nitre pul- 
verized equal quantities ; inje£f them by a 
fpoonful at a time into a red hot crucible; 
and let it be continued in fufion for a- 
bout twenty minutes after the detonation 
[ ceafes, when it may be removed from the 
fire; and after being well walked with 
warm water, let it be finely powder’d. 
Remark. 
This Medicine is given from eight grains 
to forty for a dofe: And if to half a dram of 
this powder, two grains of coralline mercury 164 
The Medical Part of 
be added, we {ball have a medicine not to be di- 
fllnguifhed in fmell, tafte, or operation from the 
powder which has made fuch a noife in the cure 
of fevers, and goes under the name of James.— 
This medicine in a proportionate quantity may 
be given to horfes, which may be afcertained by 
a few trials, beginning with a quarter of an 
ounce of the powder, and eight or ten. grains 
of the mercury, and increafing that quantity 
afterwards, according to the effects it pro- 
duces. 
A Perfpirative or /vacating Powder. 
TAKE of purified opium, ipecacuana root 
in powder, and liquorice, each one ounce ; 
of nitre and tartar of vitriol, each four 
ounces. Mix them well'together, and keep 
in a bottle dole flopped. 
Remark. 
This medicine has long been given under the 
name of Dover's powder, and is the fame as 
Ward's fweating powder ; it is allowed to be a 
powerful diaphoretic, and fweater, in the hu- 
man body, what effedt it may have on horfes, 
is perhaps uncertain ; but as moll of their colds 
proceed from an obftrudted perfpiration, as be- 
fore obferved, it may be worth trial, to join a 
dram of camphor with three or four drams ot 
this powder, and give it night and morning ; 
cloathing the horfe well, and giving him plenty Practical Farriery. 
165 
of warm water. If it ihould be found ufeful in 
reftoring and promoting this neceffary fecretion 
which is obtained with difficulty in horfes, it 
might prove a valuable medicine, where fuch in- 
tentions are thought neceffary; as they always 
are on the firft attack of fevers, and in remov- 
ing ftiffnefs of the limbs, when the extreme 
parts are benumb’d with cold. 
TAKE of Senna leaves two ounces, grains 
A cooling Purge. 
of paradife bruifed two drams, cream of 
tartar one ounce, infufe two or three hours 
in a pint or more of boiling water ; drain 
off, and diffolve in it four ounces of rpurg- 
ing falts, and two of tin&ure of jalap, or 
fyrup of buckthorn. 
Remark. 
We recommend this purge as very proper to 
be given at the going off of a fever, or cold, 
and is on many occafions to be prefer’d to aloetic 
phyflc: Should it fail to operate on the inteflines, 
you need be under no pain for the confequence, 
as it will go into the blood, and pafs off chiefly 
by urine. The Medical Part of 
CHAP. IL 
lOlfeajes of the Chef, and Lungs, See, 
INtrcdudory to the treatment of the diforders 
of the lungs, we fhall divide them into recent* 
and inflammatory, attended with a fever; and 
into fixed, obftinate coughs, hot accompany’d 
with fever, which are the refillt perhaps in ge- 
heral of improper treatment in their firft ftagCi 
We have in the preceding chapter, put the 
whole firefs of cure in the firft cafe, on repeat- 
ed bleeding, perfpiratives, cooling phyfic, and 
nitre, with proper cloathing, and a foft diluting 
diet. We defire therefore it may be underftoody 
that the following preferiptions Ihould never be 
given, ’till the firft fymptoms are removed ; and 
that nothing more heating than flower of brim- 
ftone, in mafhesy fhould be directed during that 
period. We hope to be excufed for inferting 
fuch a variety of forms to anfwer this laft inten- 
tion ; but as the diforders of the lungs when 
fixed, often prove fo obftinate, as to baffle the 
beft afliftance, and frequently require a very dif- 
ferent treatment; we thought ourfelves obliged 
to lay down various forms, to anfwer the dif- 
ferent intentions, and have endeavour’d to point 
out the preference, that fhould be given to each. 
Before we conclude this note, we beg leave to 
obferve, That from the diffedion of horfesy f radical Farriery. 
who dye from fevers, colics, frefh coughs,, &c. 
we in general find the parts highly inflamed, and 
often gangrened ; this poffibly may be owing to 
a negledl of early bleeding in fuffieient quanti- 
ties, to remove the beginning obftrudtion in the 
vefiels; for when from too rapid motion of the 
fluids the veflfels are over diftended or the 
fluids perhaps fhed out of them, it becomes a 
matter of the higheft importance to reduce the 
circulating powers to proper bounds ; and this 
point can be effected only by plentiful and re- 
peated bleedings, and other evacuations. By- 
bleeding, which we have always in our power, 
the quantity of blood being diminifhed, the vef» 
fels will be lefs diftended, their tenfion abated, 
and their action weakened ; and as the circula- 
tion becomes thereby more moderate and regu- 
lar, both the general and particular fever will 
be greatly abated. We are fatisfied that many 
horfes are loft for want of fpeedy bleeding, on 
the firft attack of colics and inflammatory dis- 
orders, for if this important evacuation is not 
properly pufh’d at firft, and the diftended veflels 
depleted in time, in vain will you expedt relief, 
when the obftrudtion becomes riveted, and the 
courfe of the fluids interrupted through them ; 
for the general termination of inflammations in 
horfes, is then by gartgrene or mortification* 
*—The pulfe, if properly attended to, would 
be the principal directory for repeating this 
operation. 168 
The Medical Part of 
A PePioral Powder. 
TAKE of frefh anifeeds, ellcampane, liquo- 
rice and flower of brimFlone, of each e- 
qual quantities. Mix them together. 
Remark. 
This powder may be kept ready prepared, 
and corked up in a bottle for ufe : an ounce 
or two, may be given For a dofe mixed up with 
honey, or in a pint of warm ale, in all frefh 
colds unattended with fever, and the common 
accidents arifing from thence : the ingredients 
are moderately warm, and aperient, and proper 
enough to encourage a free perfpiration. 
A Cordial Powder. 
TAKE of annifeeds four ounces, bay ber- 
ries and grains of paradife, each two 
ounces, of nutmegs, cloves and ginger 
each one ounce, powder them fine and 
keep for ufe. 
Remark. 
An ounce of this powder may be given as 
a cordial, when a horfe is over-fatigued by hard 
exercife ; or threatened with a colic after drink- 
ing cold water; or when turned hot into a 
ftable, where he has Flood to be cold without 
rubbing : this powder is greatly preferable to 
the diapente powder, which is ufually given on 
fuch occafions. Practical E ARriery. 
Diapente Powder. 
TAKE of round birthwort roots, bay ber- 
ries, and myrrh, equal quantities, with 
double of ivory lhavings. 
Remark. 
In a ftri& fenfe, this powder does not come 
fo immediately under the clafs of a cordial, as 
bf a warm alterative) adapted to fuch chroni- 
cal diforders, as the yellows, and other com- 
plaints which arife from a fluggifli, vifeid ftate 
of fluids. 
An Aromatic Spice, or London Treacle. 
TAKE of cummin feeds half a pound, of 
bay berries, and Jamaica pepper of eacli 
four ounces, myrrh two ounces, of cloves 
one ounce : powder and mix them toge- 
ther : keep in a bottle well cork’d (mix’d 
up with honey ’tis called London treacle,) 
Remark. 
This is a much better composition than 
the diapente ; and may properly enough be gi- 
ven as a warm cordial in a pint of ale. It will 
dlfo be found of great ufe in flatulency of the 
flomach, and bowels, arifing from check’d 
perfpiration.—A due proportion of it may be 
*dded to the flrong beer poultice, in order to 170 
''The Medical Part of 
animate and warm the parts tending to morti- 
fication. 
A Pedloral Ball. 
TAKE of frefh powder’d anifeed, elicam- 
pane, liquorice, turmeric, and flower of 
brimftone, of each three ounces* faffron 
powder’d half an ounce; the juice of li- 
quorice, difl'olved in water, four ounces, 
fallad oil and honey, or oxymel of fquills of 
each half a pound, oil of anifeed one 
ounce, mix them together into a pafte with 
wheat flower. 
R E MAR K. 
Various are the receipts for the pe&oral 
ball, but this Ample one is perhaps equal to 
moil others; and may be given to the quantity 
of a-n egg, every night and morning : but it is 
worth remarking, as already obferved, that no 
medicines of this kind fhould be given too early 4 
cr before the nrfl attack of the cold, (always at- 
tended with more or lefs fever,) be removed by 
the method we have laid down.. Thefe balls then 
may have their proper ufe, and contribute to open 
the obftruTed tubes of the lungs, and carry off 
the diforder.—’Tis alfo worthy of remark, that 
pectoral medicines mud unavoidably in the com- 
mon courfe of circulation, pafs through the 
lungs, before they pafs thro’ any part of the 
arterial iyftcm ; and that they arrive there, with Practical F airier V. 
their virtues and qualities more unaltered, than 
medicines to any other more diftant bowel ; 
where they mud be diftributcd through the ar- 
terial fyftem in much lefs quantities, and more 
changed. This may be fubftituted for Dr. 
Bracken's, and Markham's balls, from which it 
differs not materially. 
A Ball againjl a Cough. 
TAKE of the above ball one pound, of 
powder’d fquills, and Barbadoes tar each 
two ounces, Honey a fufficient quantity. 
Remark. 
This ball is more powerful than the former, 
•as the fquills, and tar, haVe the property of 
thinning the vifeid phlegm, and difengaging 
it from the coats of the lungs; and of courfe 
removing the obflru&ion, in the pulmonary 
veffels. 
A Ball againjl a dry Cough\ 
TAKE of anifecds and elicampane powder’d 
each four ounces, flower of brimftone half 
a pound, honey and Barbadoes tar, of each 
four ounces; gum ammoniac and garlic, 
of each two ounces, balfam of fulphur 
prepared with oil of anifeed one ounce, 
make into balls with any fyrup, or Spanijb 
liquorice diiffolved in water. %he Medical Part if 
Remark. 
The ingredients of this oompofition are 
alfo of an opening, and attenuating nature, and 
will deterge, and fcour the pulmonary veffels ; 
and confecpiently diflodge any impa&ed, tough 
phlegm, which may fluff up the veffels and im- 
pede their a6fion. It would be needleffs to give 
the various forms preferibed for this purpofe as 
the bafts on which they are founded, are pretty 
much the fame with the above, though the re- 
ceipt may vary as to feme particular ingredient of 
a fimilar nature. We .fhall give however a few 
of eflablifhed charatfer. 
An Efficacious Ball againff a Cough. 
TAKE of the pe&oral ball one pound, bal- 
fam of fulphur anifated -one ounce, balfam 
of Peru, and flowers of benjamin, of each 
half an ounce, honey or oxymel of fquiWsj 
enough to form into balls. 
Remark. 
This from Bracken, though an excellent 
-remedy after evacuations in recent coughs, is 
too expenfive for the generality :; but to gentle- 
men who regard not this circumflance,’tis recom- 
mended as a medicine well calculated to anfwer 
the purpefe above mentioned, given in the afual 
manner. , Trafiical Farriery. 
173 
Balls a gain ft an objlinate Cough. 
TAKE of factitious cinnabar half a pound* 
gum ammoniac, galbanum,; and aflafos- 
tida each three ounces, garlic four ounces, 
faffron half an ounce ; with a fufficlent* 
quantity of a thick fyrup made with 
Spanijb liquorice diiTolved in water,- form 
into balls.. 
Remark. 
This ponderous medicine, joined with the 
warm attenuating gums, and recommended, by 
Gibfon, bids fair to remove fome of thofe ftub- 
born maladies, if it is in the power of medicine. 
They are together well adapted to open ob- 
ftruCtions in the lungs, to diffolve and attenuate 
the vifcid juices', and to prevent the formation 
of thole knots, or tubercles which fo frequently 
ulcerate, and lay the foundation of an incurable 
malady. The factitious cinnabar is preferred to 
the native, not only as a much cheaper medi- 
cine, but as it appears by analyzation to be in- 
tirely the fame,, and generally fold for that 
brought from the Eaft. It is compounded of 
mercury and fulphur; and though it is doubted 
by fome, whether it produces any effects in the 
human body, beyond the ftomach and bowels ; 
yet as the laCfeal veffels of a horfe are larger 
than the human, we have little reafon to doubt 
it’s paffage through them, into the blood 174 
The Medical Fart of 
where being endowed with the properties of 
mercury, without it’s violent a&icn on the 
glands, it may by it’s weight open obftructions, 
formed in the finer feries of veffels, and become 
of fervlce, as a fafe alterative medicine in many 
chronical difiempers.. 
Balls agalnft a dry Cough or Aflhma. 
TAKE gum ammoniacum, fquills, and Ve- 
nice foap, of each four ounces j balfam of 
fulphur with anifeeds one ounce, fyrup of 
liquorice or Spanijh liquorice diflblved a fuf- 
fident quantity. 
R E M A R K. 
This is from the Edinburgh difpenfatory*. 
The fize of a pigeon’s egg may be given once a- 
-day; but flbould the horfe appear Tick after the 
taking, which the fquills will fometimes occa- 
fion, a fourth part of the pe&oral ball, or 
powder of anifeed may be mixt with it,.. 
Another for the fame Purpofe. 
TAKE of gum ammoniacum and opoponax 
each two ounces, garlic and anifeeds, each 
four ounces, faffren half an ounce, make 
it into a pafie with honey,. 
Remark. 
This differs from the other by the omiffion 
of the foap and fquills, and on that account- Practical F A r r I E r y. 
may be lefs naufeous. Iris very ufeful in feme 
dry bulky coughs, by warming and Simulating 
the vefleis,, and difiblving the tenacious juices, 
which choak up the lungs. 
Balls againji a. Broken Wind. 
TAKE of aurum mufivum eight ounces. 
myrrh and eiicampane powder’d each four 
ounces, anifeeds ar*d bay berries, each an- 
ounce, faffron half an ounce, mix them 
into balls with oxymel of fquills.. 
R E M A R K. 
This remedy (in our opinion not to be 
prefer’d to fame of the preceding) is ftrcrgly 
recommended by Gibfony for old cbftinate 
coughs, and may be of ufe againft the diforder 
above mentioned, before it is fixed : though 
perhaps it may be difputed, how far the aurum 
mufivum contributes to its efficacy; when this 
difeafe is confirmed, ’tis to be feared that me- 
dicine can only palliate, and mitigate the fymp- 
toms, and this indeed a regular courfe of diet, 
and feeding may fomewhat contribute to ; as this 
diforder proves on difife&ion, to be owing more 
\o a general enlargement of the lungs, than to 
any other apparent caufe. 
J Drink againji a dry Cough 
TAKE a head of garlic fiired fine, boil in 
a guart of new milk to a pint, then ftrain The Medical Pari of 
it through a cloth, and add to It half a 
pound of honey, and give it every other 
morning falling. 
Remark. 
In old dry coughs, this has been found to be 
a very efficacious remedy ; and frequently ex- 
perienced to be of fervice even in broken wind ; 
a few cloves of the fame, given in their feeds, 
has alfo been found ufefulas has al(b a fpoon- 
ful of Barhadoes, or common tar broke with the 
yolk of an egg and diffolved in a pint of ale, or 
gruel ; this may be given failing, thofe days you, 
hunt, or travel your horfe. 
Vinegar of Squills. 
TAKE of dried fquills one pound, vinegar 
fix pints; macerate the fquills in the vine- 
gar with a gentle heat; then prefs out the 
liquor, and fet it by till the faeces have 
fubfided. 
Remark. 
This is a medicine of great antiquity ; andl 
has ever been efteemed, as a powerful attennanty 
and aperient, in diforders of the breath ; and' 
for promoting urine in dropficai cafes. In pro- 
per hands, it will be found a very ufeful re- 
medy in the difeafes of horfes, efpecially where 
obflru&ions vrant to be removed, and the fe- Practical F A R R I E & Y. 
177 
cretions, particularly that by urine, to be pro- 
moted. 
Oxymel of Squills. 
TAKE vinegar of fquills one quart, honey 
three pound, boil them to the confidence 
of a fyrup. 
Remark. 
This medicine is very fuccefsfully ufed In 
coughs, attended with great heavings of the 
flanks, and rattling in the throat ; it will di- 
vide, and loofen tough phlegm, which fluffs 
up the bronchial veflels; It fhould be given to 
the quantity of three or four ounces mixed in 
any liquid, twice a day. If taken with a pint of 
the antimonial wine, or beer, it might prove a 
ufeful remedy in a broken wind. 
Squill Wine, or Beer. 
TAKE a pound of fquills and infufe them for 
feme time in a gallon of ftrong beer, or rai- 
fin wine, then drain it off. • '' 
Rem a r k. ■ 
It may be given as the former, a«d is to 
be preferred in thofe cafes, where the vinegar 
may be thought improper,—joined alfo with the 
antimonial wine, or beer, and given in proper 
quantities, (for example half a pint of each, 
night and morning) it bids fair to do great for- 178 
The Medical Part of 
'vice,, in old obflinate coughs, efpecially if they 
are owing to any humours repelled or tranflated 
to the lungs: but to anfvver this end, it fhould 
be perfevered in for Tome time, as indeed all 
pectoral medicines fhould in confirm’d cafes. 
€ H A P. 111. 
OJ Staggers and other Difeafes oj the Plead. 
AS the generality of the internal difor dersof 
the head, incident to horfes,; arife from 
plenitude,, and obflrudion in- the circulating 
fluids ; the firft intention undoubtedly is to re- 
move the diftending veffels, by fpeedy, and' 
large evacuations: for this purpofe in the apo- 
plexy,. and flaggers, the horfe fhould. be bled 
largely both in the neck,, bars of the mouthy, 
temporal arteries, and thigh veins,, to the quan- 
tity of three or four quarts which evacuation 
rnuft be repeated in a few' hours if fymptoms do 
no not abate ; the horfe’s head and fhoulders 
fhould be well fupported with ftraw, and after- 
having been properly raked, the follchving g!}fler 
Should be thrown up. 
A purging GJyfer againjl the Staggers% 
TAKE three or four large handfulls of bran, 
fenna three ounces, bitter apple half an 
■«unce, bruifed anifeeds. two ounces \ boil P.raftleal Farriery* 
179 
them in three quarts of water to two, ftraln 
off,, and add two drams of powder’d jalap, 
and half a pint of oil. 
R E M A R K. 
This glyffer fhould be repeated night and 
rtorning, fo that the horfe may be kept in a 
conffant ffate of moderate purging for twenty 
four hours ; by this the veffels will be 
much focner depleted', - than by purging medi- 
cines given by the mouth, which take up a con- 
fiderabie time before they operate. If the horfe 
be young, large, and'grofs, feveral rowels or 
felons thou Id be made, which latter are to be 
preferred, as a difeharge is fooner obtained by 
them;'- Should the fymptoms arife from fever, 
or rarefaction of the blood from violent exer- 
cife in hot weather ; three-or four ounces of 
nitre diffblved in water gruel ihould be given 
.every fix or eight hours; other-wife -it Rtay .be 
taken in the following manner. • 
A Drink againjl the Staggers, 
Take -of wild valerian: root bniifed four 
ounces, boil in three quarts of water 
to two, then'diffolve in 'it eight ounces 
of nitre,- and-add-a-pint ©f anfirnoniai- wine 
or beer. 
R E M A r k: 
On the horfe’s recovery, a pint or more of 
this drink Ihould be given every fire hours for two The Medical Part of 
or three days; in order to, attenuate the vlfc'uf 
blood and juices, and to promote a free circula- 
tion through the vefiels of the brain, but, if 
notwithftanding, the above plentiful evacuations 
by repeated bleedings, glyfters* fetons, &c. the 
horfc fhould beat about with great violence, 
and be attended with ftrong convulfions, half an 
ounce of opium fbould be diffolved in the above 
drink ; or the following may be prepared for that 
purpofe ; for the danger is now, great,, and no. 
time is to be loft. 
A Ball againjl mad Staggers.,. and Convulfions.. 
TAKE of affafcstida, Caftile foap> and frefti* 
valerian in powder, each half an ounce*. 
opium two-drams, made into a ball with, 
honey. 
Remark. 
This Ball may be given alone, or diffolved 
in a pint of gruel, with two or three ounces 
of nitre, and fhould be repeated every fix or 
eight hours, ’till the convulfions abate; 
when the opium may be omitted, and the 
ball continued ; but fhould the fpafms not 
remit, a dram or more of opium, muft be add- 
ed to the ball. 
A Drink againjl Staggers attended 'with the 
Yellows. 
TAKE of Spanijb foap one ounce, of nitre 
three ounces, of antimonial wine half a Prafiical Farriiry. 
pint, diffolv.e the foap and nitre in a pint of 
gruel, then add the wine. 
Remark. 
Give this drink thrice in twenty four hours*. 
It is worthy of remark, that this diforder is often' 
attended with apparent fymptoms of obflru&ion 
in the liver, which the yellow hue of the horfe’s 
lips, eyes, and mouth mod; evidently denote ; If 
thefe fymptoms arife not from fpafms,. they mufl 
be owing to the fame original caufe, a vifcid and 
inflammatory ftate of blood, which can be re- 
moved only, upon the above principles, by lef- 
fening, the quantity,, and altering the quality of 
the blood and fluids by the above remedies. 
But let it be remarked*, that when this dis- 
order is attended with, great fever, or tendency 
to inflammation of the brainwhich may be 
difcover’d.by the ufual fymptoms of a hot mouth, 
dry tongue, hot ears and (kin, and a due atten- 
tion to the pulfe; nitre alone Ihould be given 
liberally,, to the quantity of half a pound, or 
more, in twelve hours; with large bleedings, 
and cooling emollient glyfters; and that al! 
drenches with hot drugi Ihould be avoided, as 
highly pernicious. 
A Glyjier againjl Staggers and Convulsions. 
TAKE of valerian root bruifed, four ounces. 
boil in five pints of water to two quarts, 
in the flrained liquor diflblve two ounces of Foe Medical■ Fart of: 
afia feetlda, four ounces of nitre,-and half 
an ounce of opium. 
R E M A R K, 
When medicine cannot be taken by the 
mouth, this glyfter mufl be given, and repeated 
occasionally ; lor the fpafms 'on the membrane 
and mufcles are feme times fo great, as totally to 
lock up. the jaw: Under fuch circumftances the 
opium mufl: be chiefly depended on; and the 
horftds food alfo mufl be taken this way, ccnflfl- 
ing of glyfters compofed of milk, broth, 
to the quantity of three or four ‘quarts a day ; 
with, which horfes have been Tupported for a 
considerable rime; 
A Liniment againjl a lock’d Jail’, - 
TAKE of the foap liniment four ounces, 
fpirit of fal ammoniac, and tindlure of 
opium, each one ounce. Mix them toge- 
ther. 
Re mar k. 
After well brufning the mufcles cf the jaws, 
neck, temples, and cheeks, let thefe parts'be 
well bathed with this liniment, for a considerable 
time, and twice in a day. 
A Ball againji L etbargy. 
TAKE of factitious cinnabar and afla feetida 
each half an ounce, oil of amber enough 
to form a ball, to be taken night and morn- 
ing- Practical F ARRIER Y, 
A horse affe&ed with the lethargy (liould: 
fik be blooded,., and if young and full of flefh,, 
the bleeding fhould be repeated, and a rowel or' 
two put under his jaw and belly; glyflers 
fhould be given every day, for.a week,, with the 
above balls; and when the horfe comes -to eat 
heartily, two or three mild purges fhould be 
given at proper, intervals. 
Remark. 
An Alterative Powder. 
TAKE of fa&itious cinnabar, and crocus 
metallorum finely levigated, each half an 
ounce.. 
Remark., 
This powder may be given every night for 
a fortnight in a math, after a horfe’s recovery 
from the flaggers, lethargy, &c.. It will thin , 
the blood and juices, and reduce them to a proper 
flate of fluidity. Crude, antimony and fulphur- 
may be given alfo for this purpofe; 
We hope to have fufficiently explained the 
general method of treating diforders of the head, 
when they arife from original caufes; but as fpafms 
and convulfions arife fometimes from other re- 
moter-caufes, and particularly from hots in the 
iloraach, we (hall lay down the method of treat- 
ing that complaint, when the fymptoms have 
Xefzed the hone. The Medical Part of 
A Ball againjl Bots in the Stomach. 
TAKE of calomel half an ounce, confervc 
of wormwood enough to form a fmalt 
ball. 
This ball fhould be got down as foon as 
poffible, in order to deftroy thefe devouring, 
animals, who by penetrating into the nervous 
coat of the ftomach, produce thefe • dfeadfuf 
fymptoms: a ftrong deception of* valerian and 
aflafoetida may be given every three hours after ;; 
and an alterative purge fhould be taken twelve 
hours after the ball, to carry off the dead hots. 
If the horfe fhould recover from this fit, half 
the quantity of calomel, with the purge, fhould 
be repeated at.proper.intervals; and the method 
recommended in: the chapter of worms purfuedw 
When the. difeovery of bots in the ftomach is 
made in time, the following method is recom- 
mended by an ingenious Gentleman; 
R E M A R K. 
A Remedy againjl Bots in- the Stomach. 
TAKE a pint of linfeed oil, give it three- 
times a day, for* three or four days, or 
longer, afterwards give the horfe a few 
dofes of. aloetic phy lick- at proper diftances. 
Remark, 
This remedy long finde mentioned' by 
jßiverius and others, is recommended upon this Trafficc.l Farriery. 
principle, that this worm,, like the caterpillar and 
moft other worms, does not breath by the mouth, 
but has its organs of refpiration opening on each 
fide of every ring; and that the oil by choaking 
up thefe pores in the a£Hon of refpiration, ne- 
ceflarily produces immediate fuffocation; ?tis cer- 
tain, that living worms taken from the human body, 
are foon deflroyed by putting them into oiland 
from feme late experiments, oil has been very 
fuccefsfully given internally for worms in the 
human body. As this remedy can fcarce be at- 
tended with any inconvenience \ ’tis therefore 
well worth trial,, given both by the mouth, and 
glyfler in worms of the bowels ; as- the unctuous 
property of the oil may be deflroyed, by sffimi- 
kting with the juices of the flomach,. before it 
arrives at the large inteflxnes, where fome of the 
worms may be lodged- The figns of hots in the 
ftomach, are (lamping with the fore feet, and a 
yawning; the horfe often turns his head round 
towards his belly, and flrikes it with his hind 
feet; a flaring coat, and a fhort cough generally 
attends: thofe in the re£tum caufe a continued 
itching, and are often feen at the verge of the 
anus. In this fpecies of hots, oil, in which 
wormwood, bitter apple, or aloes has been in- 
fufed, fhould be daily inje&ed by means of a large 
fyringe; fumes of tobacco alfo are found fuc- 
cefsful on thefe occafions. 
A Fumigation againjl tbe' GJanders. 
TAKE of frankincenfe, maffick, amber. The Medical Part of 
myrrh, and fa&itious cinnabar powder’d,' 
each equal parts, keep in a phial for ufe. 
Remark. 
Half an ounce of this powder may be burnt' 
on an iron heated, and the fume of it be con- 
veyed through a proper tube into the horfe’s 
noffrils twice a day ; after ufmg it for fome time, 
the following inje&ion may be thrown up three 
times a day. 
J! Refiringent Injefiicn for the Glanders. 
TAKE of alum and white vitriol powder’d. 
of each four ounces; calcine them in a 
crucible ; powder the calx, and mix it with 
three quarts of lime water, a quart of 
vinegar, and half a pint of honey of 
roles. 
Remark. 
"When the uleer’d glands are cleanfed by the 
above fumigation, this Injection of Bracken’s 
will recover their relaxed tone, and dry up the 
humidities of the part: but when the glanders 
have been of any continuance, the running has 
become foetid,, thin, and bloody, we may then 
reafonably fufpeft, that the fpongy bones of this 
part are become carious and rotten, and that of 
courfe the cure now is become impracticable. 
Under this circumftance however, it has been ad- 
vifed to trepan the part; which operation is de- 
ferred in our Gentleman’s Farriery.. Praflica! Farrjuy. 
187 
CHA P, IV, 
Dif cafes of the Stomach Bowel/} &c. 
A Stomach Drink. 
TA K E of gentian, winters bark, and 
orange peel, each two ounces; cha- 
momile flowers a handful, pimento two 
ounces; infufe in a gallon of wine, or 
ftrong beer, with half a pound of filings of 
fieeh. 
Remark. 
A pint of this bitter infufion, given to a 
horfe every morning faffing, will greatly con- 
tribute to ftrengthen his flomach, mend his ap- 
petite, and reftore his health, unlefs there be an 
abfolute decay in fome of the vifcera, an aloetic 
purge may be taken intermediately, or the 
following. 
Hi era Pi era. 
TAKE of Succotorina aloes a pound and a 
half, winters bark powder’d three ounces. 
powder feparately, then mix them toge- 
ther. 
Remark. 
An ounce and a half of this powder made into 
a. ball; with fyrup of buckthorn, may be given ‘7"be Medical Pari of 
as a warm fiomach purge to horfes, whofe corn 
pafles indigefted, and whofe infeebled tone of 
fiomach, is the caufe of hots, and worms being 
generated. An ounce of fteel finely powder’d 
may be given in his corn, for this purpofe, every 
day for a fortnight: unlefs this intention be pur- 
fued, the removal of bots and worms may prove 
only a temporary cure in feme horfes. 
4n opening Drink againjl Gripes. 
TAKE of hiera picra one ounce,, or of the 
tin&ure of the fame, rhubarb, or fenna, 
one pint, fait of tartar half an ounce, oil 
of anifeeds two drams; the hiera picra. 
fait of tartar, and oil of anifeeds may be.- 
given in a pint of ale. 
Alfo. 
TAKE of Alicanf, or hard foap, and fait 
petre, each one ounce, juniper berries, 
or frefh anifeed powder’d half an ounce^ 
dififolve them in a pint of gruel. 
Remark. 
As the gripes in general arife from the per- 
fplrable matter thrown on the bowels from catch- 
ing cold, either of the above opening drinks 
fhould firft be given to unload them ; and if the- 
horfe is not relieved thereby in an hour ot two, 
thefecond drink Ihouid be given, to which four 
ounces of purging falts may be added, to favour 
the operation ; and as a fuppreffion of urine is 
alfo a frequent attendant on the gripes, it will Prc Sliced Farriery. 
189 
help the horfe to ftale: the following glyflcr may 
be thrown up intermediately, if the horfe is not 
relieved foon, firft raking the gut with a fmaH 
hand dipt in oil. 
A common Glyjler again]} Wind Colic. 
TAKE of chamomile flowers, and anifeed 
bruifed, of each four ounces, boil in three 
quarts of water to two; then add to the 
ftrain’d liquor a pint of oil, and a targe 
handful of fait, or four ounces of purging 
falls. 
Remark. 
As the ingredients for this glyfter, are gene- 
rally at hand, we recommend it as calculated to 
anfwer, or aflift moft intentions, where the 
emptying the bowels is neceffary; but as the 
gripes is a diforder, to which horfes are frequently 
fubje£t, from taking cold, and various Other 
caufes, we fhall fdbjoin a few more forms to 
anfwer the different intentions ©f cure ; as the 
general treatment by farriers is very abfurd ; 
whofe remedies are almoft always of the hot in- 
flammatory kind, which undoubtedly fhould be 
cautioufly given, even in flatulent colics, and 
never without mixing with them, a proper quan- 
tity of oil, to fupple and relax the bowels at the 
fame time, and by that means guard againff the 
Confequence of inflammation, that might very 
juftly be apprehended from them without it. 
Where the leaft degree of fever or inflammation 
is apprehended; or the horfe is young and full. The Medical Part of 
plentiful bleeding fhould always bedlre&ed; and 
though opiate medicines muff; fcmetirnes be given 
to abate the c'xtreme violence of pain, yet gentle 
opening medicines fhould fucceed them, ’till the 
bowels are thoroughly emptied. 
Other Drinks for the fame purpcfe. 
TAKE a pint of Holland gin, rum, brandy. 
or Daffy’s elixir, with the fame quantity 
of oil, and two or three ounces of Epfom, 
or common fait. Mix them together, give 
it warm, and repeat it if neceffary. 
R E m A fc. K. 
The above from Burden are readily prepared* 
and in that fpecies of gripes, which arifes from 
air pent up in the bowels, and is attended with 
a fuppreflion of urine, are generally very effica- 
cious ; if the horfe has not dunged for fome 
time, it is neceffary ht fhould be raked ; the 
tifual remedy of gin and pepper fhould be avoided 
as a poifom 
In common cafes, thefe remedies will fre- 
quently fucceed, ufmg alternately the glyfters 
and drinks, that is, if the drinks give not relief 
in an hour, let the glyfter be thrown up ; and 
then repeat the drink, and glyfter in the fame 
manner, if neceffary. 
Drink againjl Gripes attended rxiitb Strati- 
gury. 
TAKE of juniper berries, and anlfeed 
bruifed, each two ounces, boil in three Tragical F ARRIERY. 
spirits of water to a quart, then flrain off, 
and add of fait petre, or fait of tartar, 
and Caftile foap, each two ounces, purging 
falts four ounces, and a pint of oil. 
This drink may be given at twice the dif- 
tance of an hour, or two, according to the exi- 
gency of fymptoms: but it is neceffary to ob- 
ferve that the flrangury is occafioned by a 
large collection of dung, which prefles on the 
neck of the bladder ; and that tariffed air is alfo 
frequently retained by the fame caufe, as well as 
the bowels enormoufly fwelled thereby. Under 
fuch circumftances, the horfe’s relief is firfl to 
be attempted by raking (as ’tis called) the anus, 
with a fmall hand well oiled, and introduced into 
the fundament, in order to remove the preffure 
on the bladder, and give liberty to the impri- 
foned air; the following glyfter fhould then be 
alfo thrown up as foon as poftible. 
Remark. 
TAKE of Venice turpertinc three or four 
ounces, the yolks of two or three eggs, 
break the turpentine well with the eggs, 
then add half a pound of honey, and a pint 
of common oil; to thefe add by degrees, 
fo that it incorporates properly, three pints 
of a decoction of juniper berries, chamo- 
mile flower*, or anifeeds. 
The Turpentine Glyfter. The Medical Part of 
Remark. 
This glyfter alone will frequently anfwer the 
pufpofe; but with the afliftance of the above 
drink, it feldom fills of removing this dilbrder : 
In all complaints, arifing from obflru&ions in 
the bowels, kidnies, and bladder, glyfters thoiild 
undoubtedly be made ufe of; by their warmth, 
and relaxing powers, they a£l as an internal fo- 
mentation, and abate ffri&ure, and tenfion, on 
the aggrieved parts : and as the turpentine alfo 
is abforbed into the blood, it a£ts on the kidnies 
as a diuretic* 
A Drink againjl 'Griper where the Pain is violent, 
TAKE of Bate's balfarri one Ounce, tin&ure 
of fenna, or rhubarb, and fallad oil, each 
half a pint, purging falts four ounces. 
R E M A R Ks 
Where the pain is conftant, and very a- 
cute, fome truce mull be obtained by opiates ; 
the above therefore is proper tb that end, and 
may be occafionally repeated ; bleeding being 
premifed. 
A cooling opening Drink againjl the Gripes, 
TAKE bf fefina four otirices, cream of tar- 
tar an ounce, infufe two hours in a quart 
of boiling water: flrain off, and add four 
ounces of purging falts, and half a pint of 
Daffy’s elixerf Practical Farriery. 
Remark. 
Where a fpeedy evacuation is required, 
this fhould be given to the quantity of a pint 
every hour, or two, till a free pafiTage through 
the bowels is obtained ; when the gripes arife 
from coftivenefs, or an inflammation is appre- 
hended, it may be depended on, after bleeding, 
with emollient oily glyfters thrown up at the 
fame time : for an habitual coftivenefs, take alfo 
the following. 
A Ball agaitzjl CoJlivenefs. 
TAKE of foluble or vitriolated tartar three 
ounces, lenitive ele&uary one ounce, mix 
them together. 
Remark. 
These kinds of falts will frequently anfwer 
this intention much better than ilronger purges: 
they may be aflifted by any emollient oily 
j^lyfter. 
A Drink againfi Mortification of the Bovoels. 
TAKE half a pound of oak or white wil- 
low bark, and four ounces of Jefuits bark, 
boil them in four quarts of forge water, till 
one quart is fcorifumed> fheh add three 
ounces of diafcordlum. 
Remark. 
When the difeharge from the bowels Is of 
- < fiefli colour, and fetid, an approaching mor- cPhe Medical Part of 
tification Is to be apprehended, efpecially if fud- 
den cafe fucceeds violent pains ; a pint of this 
drink may be given every three hours with a 
gill of port wine ; and a quart of it may 
alfo be thrown up as a glyfter.—This feems to 
be the utmofl that can be done in thefe defpe- 
rate cafes. 
Tindhire of Rhubarb. 
TAKE of Indian rhubarb two ounces, 
grains of paradife and caraway feeds bruifed, 
each half an ounce, infufe in a quart of 
white wine, or anifeed water. (Vide 
Daffy’s Elixir.) 
Remark. 
We would recommend this medicine to be 
kept ready prepar’d for the above ufes; nor will 
it be an expenfive one, as the Indian rhubarb 
may be bought for about twelve pence an ounce. 
From half a pint, to a pint, may be given for 
a dofe, and repeated occafionally, but if pre- 
pared with the anifeed water, the fame quan- 
tity of oil fhould be joined with it, as well to 
relax, and abate the fpafms in the bowels, as 
to prevent any inconvenience that might arife 
from the too great heat of the fpirit. We 
can’t too frequently repeat this caution, as 
hones but too often fall a facrifke to the ne- 
glect of it. ' Prafiical F arriert. 
195 
TAKE of jalap one pound half, of 
fenna leaves half a pound, of anifeed 
three ounces, of coriander feeds two 
ounces, orange peel, one ounce, of proof 
fpirit of wine one gallon : having pow- 
der’d the jalap and bruifed the feeds, in- 
flate them for eight or ten days; fhaking 
the veffel. 
Daffy’/ Elixir, or Tindhire of Senna. 
Remark. 
This may be given as above directed, and is 
excellent for the intended purpofe. 
CHAP. V. 
Lax and Scouring. 
An opening Ball, or Drink. 
TAKE an ounce of Indian rhubarb pow- 
der’d, and two ounces of lenitive e- 
le&uary, mix them together into a fmall 
ball, or diffolve them in a pint of water 
gruel. 
This may be given every other day for three 
times, while the horfe voids great quantity of 
llime and greafe : for this diforder often antes 
from acrimonious humours thrown on the 
Remark. The Medical Part of 
bowels; which we fhould always endeavour to 
carry off by gentle purgatives, before any at- 
tempts are made by reftringents, to reftrain the 
flux. The common cooling phytic in the latl 
chapter may be alfo given-to great advantage, to 
anfwer this purpofe. 
TAKE of dlafcordium one ounce, cinna- 
mon in powder two drams, give it every 
night in a pint of port wine, or a deception 
of oak bark. 
A refringent Drink. 
Remark. 
This drink will generally anfwer the purpofe, 
given for a week; and if foft chalk was mixed in 
the horfe’s water, by it’s abforbent power, it 
might contribute to fheath, and attemperate the 
tharp humours. 
A more refringent Drink. 
TAKE of diafeordium, or of the fpecies of 
fcordium one ounce, japan earth, and roch 
alum of each two drams, diffolve in a pint 
of the above, or equal parts of each. 
This drink is more powerful than the former ; 
and where the fcouring has continued any time, 
and the tone of the bowels is become infeebled, 
and relaxed ; this given three times a day will 
check the difeharge, and recover their flrength. 
Remark. Practical FarriEßY. 
A rejlringcnt Glyjier. 
TAKE of logwood and oak bark, each four 
ounces; boil them in three quarts of forge 
water to two, drain off and diffclve in it 
two ounces of the fpecies of fcordium ; to 
which may be added when the horie is 
griped much, and in great pain, a dram of 
opium, or an ounce or two of the anodyne 
ballam. 
R E M A R K. 
When the purging is violent, this glyfler 
thrown up once or twice in a day will contri- 
bute to reftrain the flux, and abate the pain : a 
pint of a flrong dece&ion of logwood and cinna- 
mon may be given- inwardly three or four times 
a day. 
A Glyjier againji griping Pains'. 
TAKE of tripe liquor, or thin flarch three 
pints, oil of olives half a pint, opium one 
dram.. 
Remark. 
When the gripings are very fevere, and the 
common mucus of the guts is wafhed away ; 
this glyfter by fupplying an artificial one, will 
abate the tormenting pains, by plaftering over 
the fore bowels, and abating their violent irri- 
tations. It is a proper remedy alfo after too 
ftrong phyfick. 
A Drink againji Flux with Bleed. 
TARE of the fpecies of fcordium, and 
French bole, each one ounce, ipecacpana 198 
I‘be Medical Pari of 
root powder’d two drams, opium half a 
dram ; difTolve in a pint of port wine and 
water, and give it twice a day. 
Remark. 
This drink is well calculated for the in- 
tended purpofe ; the ipecacuana or Indian root 
being efleemed by fome a {pacific in this kind of 
flux: the opium fhould be emitted when the 
violence of pain is removed. 
Another .Drink againft the fame. 
TAKE of fheep fuet one pound, boil in a 
quart of milk, ’till it is thoroughly dif- 
loived, give a pint made warm three times 
a day, to which flarch may be added. 
R E M ARK, 
This medicine has had furprifing effedb in 
curing the bloody, and other fluxes, in the hu- 
man body, when all other remedies have been 
tried inefiedtually. Whether it a£ts by flopping 
a fermentation in the ftomach, and bowels, or 
plaftering them over with an artificial mucus* 
we pretend not. even to guefs; but as a cheap 
remedy, which has often been attended with, 
uncommon fuccefs, we thought proper to make 
it more generally known.—A coffee cup full, 
given every four, or fix hours, is the ufual 
quantity to a grown perfon ; lenient purges with 
manna and faits being premifed, and vomits 
with tartar emetic, which is preferred by fome 
to ipecacuana. Fraflical Farriery, 
199 
A healing Glyjler. 
TAKE of tripe liquor, or fat broth two 
quarts, ffarch four ounces, bees wax two 
ounces, opium two drams, dilTolve them 
together. 
This glyfter is very proper in the above 
Remark.. 
cafes, and after phyfick that has purged vio- 
lently : it fhould be repeated frequently, ’till 
the gripes abate, and the mucus of the bowels 
ceafes to come away : for unlefs they are afrefh 
plafter’d over, and the irritations taken off by 
the opiate, a mortification will foon enfue ; the 
following .drink may be given alfo to anfwer the 
fame purpofe. 
A Drink again [I Qvcrpurging Fhxi'ch, 
TAKE of xlarch half a pound, gum arable 
and tragacanth each four ounces, anifeeds 
bruifed four ounces; fimmer gently in a 
gallon of water fllrring frequently, ’till 
the gums are diffolved, and give a quart at 
a time either alone, or mixed with his warm 
water, if the horfe will drink it. 
Remark. 
This is intended to fupply the place of the 
natural mucus of the bowels, which has been 
abraded by ftrong phyfic r The mutton fuet 
drink perhaps would anfwer better, and confider- 
ing the long tract of bowels, a medicine has to 
pafs over, and befmear, it fhould be frequently 
repeated to anfvyer this intention. Pbe Medical Part of 
Species of Scordiumi or what is called Diafcor- 
dium in Powder. 
TAKE of hole armoniac, or of French bole 
four ounces, of fcordilim two ounces, of 
cinnamon one ounce and a half, of ftorax 
(trained, of the roots of tormentll, biftot, 
and gentian, of the leaves of dittany of 
Crete, of galbanum drained, of gum Ara- 
bic, and red rofes, each onfe: ounce; and 
of long pepper and ginger, each half an 
an ounce, drained opium dried gently fix 
drams; pound the ingredients fine, and 
mix them well together ; and make a fpe- 
cies to be kept in a bottle well cork’d. 
Remark. 
THj3 (peC-ies COmpofcd of aromatic, and 
adringent ingredients, is very fuccefsfully given 
in purgings, after proper evacuations have been 
premifed, nor is it lefs ferviceable in controuling 
the effeQs of too violent a purge : It warms and 
comforts the bowels, and by means of the opium, 
allays the violent irritations occafioned by the 
phyfick.—It may be given, from half an ounce, 
to an ounce, in a pint of port wine, night and 
morning; or oftner if neceffary. It is bed 
preserved in this form? as the diafcordium is 
often mixed up with honey, which is of a 
contrary effect to the general intention of the 
medicine. Pr attic al Farriery. 
TAKE a (beep’s head, and boil it in fix quarts 
of water to two; drain ofF the liquor, and 
add to it half a pound of mutton diet, and 
half a pint of fweet oil, with two drams 
of opium. 
An Anodyne Glyjlcr. 
R E M A r K. 
This is alfo a proper Glyfter for a violent 
griping and purging, in confequence of drong 
aloetic purges: where the mucus of the bowels 
is dripped off, and an inflammation apprehended, 
the guts (hould ccnftantly be kept fuppled with 
it, or a mortification will focn enfue, the ufual 
confequence of this negledt. 
L’intture of Opium, or Liquid Laudanum. 
TAKE of unprepared opium two ounces, 
of cinnamon and cloves, each one dram, 
and of white wine one pint. Infufe with- 
out heat for a week, and then drain off. 
Two fpoonfuls of this tin&ure may be given 
in any vehicle, in violent fpafms of the bowels, 
or when the horfe is tortured with exquifite pain. 
It will procure a truce, and fufpend-fuch violent 
irritations, ’till medicines calculated for the dif- 
order can be given, or they can take their proper 
efifeQ : by negledfing the ufe of fuch a medicine, 
infuperable inflammations are often fixed, by 
the long continuance of fuch fpafrns, which a£t 
like a ligature on the vedels and part, and fne- 
R E M A R K, The Medical Part of 
quently fo totally obftru£t the circulation, as to-' 
bring on a hidden mortification. 
CHAP. VI. 
A purging Ball againfl Worms. 
TAKE of aloes, ten drams, frelh jalap 
and myrrh, each two drams, fyrup o£ 
buckthorn enough to form into a ball. 
This purge may be given once in ten days* 
while the worm powders are taken inter- 
mediately. 
Remark. 
A Worm Powder 
TAKE of favin and tin powder’d, of each 
an ounce, give it night and morning in a 
math, or the horfe’s corn. 
This will generally be found an efficacious 
remedy for deftroying worms ; but muft be 
taken for fome time, to root them intirely out. 
JEthiop's mineral alone, or joined with either 
of the above medicines, is alfo effedual for this 
purpofe: to prevent a return, the ftomach 
fhould be invigorated by bitter, and fteel me- 
dicines, for a weak tone of fiomach is the 
principal caufe of their generation. Vide Stomach 
Drink. 
Remark. Practical Farriery. 
203 
Another for the fame Purpofe 
TAKE an ounce of favin, and two of gar- 
lic, give it twice a day as the above—An 
ounce or more of foap lees may be given 
for this purpofe in any vehicle or licpior. 
R E M A R K. 
Many are the forms given for this inten- 
tion, but perhaps the above are ordered as fuc- 
cefsfully as moft others, increafing the quantity 
if found neceflary.—The powder’d tin may be 
depended on alone if given in large quantities, 
viz. three or four ounces in a day. 
A Glyfer again ft Bots in the Anus: 
TAKE of wormwood a handful, bitter apple 
half an ounce, boil in two quarts of wa- 
ter to three pints, and add a pint of train 
oil. 
This glyfter may be thrown up two or three 
times a week, and will often bring thefe kinds of 
worms away by handfuls. Fumigations of to- 
bacco, blown up the anus, by means of a proper 
tube,, are alfo effectual for this purpofe : as is the 
bitter apple only infufed in oik 
Remark 
TAKE of calomel two drams, conferee of 
wormwood half an ounce, make a bail to 
be taken over night, aim let the above purg- 
ing ball be taken the next morning. 
A Mercurial Ball. The Medical Part of 
R E M A R K. 
When the ufual medicines do not fucceed, 
mercury muft be joined to the phyftck, and gi- 
ven in this manner. Let it be repeated at proper 
intervals. We have in Chap. 111. animadverted 
on the method of treating bots in the ftomach 
with mercury, which if given in time before 
the coats of the ftomach are deftroyed, will of- 
ten prove fuccefsful: but the injury done there- 
to, before the caufe is difeoverd, is frequently 
irreparable ; as not only the tone of the ftomach 
is deftroyed by thefe devouring animals, but the 
very fubftance,. or coats of it, is eat through by 
them To (Lengthen in time therefore this or- 
gan, and prevent the regeneration of worms, 
or bots, half an ounce of filings of fteel fhould 
be dally given in his corn for fome weeks; or the 
ftomach medicines in Chap. IV. 
CHAP. VII 
Various Drinks or Drenches 
A Drink againjl Jaundice. 
TAKE of madder, and turmeric roots, 
each four ounces, burdock root fliced 
half a pound, Monk’s rhubarb four ounces; 
liquorice fliced two ounces; boil them in a 
gallon of forge water to three quarts. Fradical FARRIERY. 
205 
then ftrain off and fweeten with honey, and 
add a quart of antimonial wine. 
R E m a r , k.. 
An ounce of hard foap given with a pint of 
the above twice a day, is generally fuffioient to 
remove common, obff ru£tions of the liver, if 
perfever’d in for,a fortnight.. 
Another Drink againji the fame. 
TAKE of turmeric, and alicant foap, each 
one ounce, fait of tartar half an ounce, dif- 
folve in a pint of gruel, or ale, and give it. 
night and morning. 
This is cheap* and in general effe&ual; if 
may be given in a ball undiffolv’d. 
Remark. 
A Drink againji profufe fating. 
TAKE of oak bark a pound, Jefuifs hark 
half a pound, boil in a gallon and half of 
forge to four quarts, to which add 
two ounces of alum. 
Re m a r k. 
A pint or more of this deco&ion (hould 
be given to the horfe, three times a day; and a 
proper quantity of chalk may be mixed with 
his water.—Plenty of the alum poffet may alfo 
be given for this purpofe prepared with an ounce 
of alum and a quart of milk. The Medical Part of 
Another for the fame Purpofc. 
TAKE of lime water fix quarts, oak bark 
one pound, roch alum four ounces, liquo- 
rice the fame quantity; boil over a gentle- 
fire to a gallon. 
Remark. 
This may be fubftituted for the above, where 
the Jefuif s bark may be thought too expenfive: 
the horfe’s common drink may be water im- 
pregnated with chalk, kept in a tub for that 
purpofe. 
Lime Water. 
TAKE of unflaked lime ten pounds, pour 
on it fix gallons of boiling water; when 
the ebullition is over, and the lime fettled, 
pour off the clear for ufe. 
Remark. 
Two quarts of this may be daily given for 
the above malady, and as a fweetner of the 
blood in diforders of the (kin, it may be given 
alfo diluted with water for common drink, when 
horfes will take it in that manner. 
A Drink againf the Strangury, 
TAKE of Venice turpentine, or balfam of 
copivi, broke with the yolks of two eggs, 
one ounce, nitre two ounces, oil of juniper 
two drams, fweet oil half a pint, barley 
water, or gruel a pint. Pradical Farriery. 
207 
Remark. 
This drink is very effectual for the above pur- 
pofe; but if this diforder arifes from inflamma- 
tion of the bladder, or kidnies, the horfe fhould 
be blooded largely, and drink plentifully of a 
ftrong decodtion of marfh-mallow roots, impreg- 
nated with nitre, and fweeten’d with honey; 
to which, when the inflammation is removed 
and gravel fufpedted, an ounce of foap lees may 
be added to every pint or more of the decodtion: 
This latter given alone, as an emollient, or diu- 
retic, is indeed not of more avail than warm 
water ; for it may be reafonably doubted,, whe- 
ther mucilaginous, or even oily bodies, given in- 
ternally,. to a.dt as emollients beyond the intes- 
tines, are of any effedt; for their texture be- 
ing changed in the ffomaeU by digeftion, and 
their fubffance incorporated with the whole mafs 
of fluids, it is fcarce to be believed, that they 
reach the parts, where they are intended to adt, 
in any fuch date, as leaves them the power of 
relaxing or mollifying. 
A Diuretic or pijjing Drink. 
TAKE of oxymel of Squills, four ounces, fait 
of tartar, or nitre, one ounce, camphor 
half an ounce, diffolve them in a pint of 
gruel. 
This drink may be given thrice a ay* 
’till, it procures the defired effect: The horfe 
Remark. The Medical Part of 
fhould be made to drink plenty of water, or 
white drink, in order to dilute the camphor 
well, which fhould previoufly be diffolved in a 
little fpirit of wine. 
A more powerful Diuretic.. 
TAKE of tinCfure of cantharides one ounce,, 
camphor difliblved in two ounces of oil, two 
drams; nitre and balfam of copivi of each 
one ounce; break the copivi with the yolk 
of an egg, and add by degrees a pint oE 
barley water,. 
Remark,- 
This drink is particularly calculated for 
thbfe paralytic kind of attacks, which difable 
the glitnds of the kidnies from performing their 
office of fecreting the urine : Such {Emulating 
medicines are only juftifiable on fuch occafions, 
and fhould be well diluted with plenty of water ; 
the turpentine glyfler, with two ounces of aloes, 
fhould be given at the feme time ; the laid re- 
medy in an obftinate obftfu&ion, is, two drams 
of calomel over night, and a common purge the 
next morning. 
A general pijfing Drink. 
TAKE of yellow rofih four ounces, fait of 
tartar two ounces, grind them together, and 
dilfolve in arxjuart of forge water. Trafi'uul Farriery. 
Remark, 
If this quantity fhould be difagreeable to the 
ftomach of the horfe, it mull be leiTen’d ; if 
not increafed; or balls prepared with two 
ounces of nitre; and two drams of camphor, 
mixed up with honey, may be given in it’s 
Read; drinking afterwards a quart of gruel, 
fcfc. 
A Drink againji ’venomous Bites., 
TAKE fix ounces of rue, Venice treacle, 
garlic, and tin fcraped, of each four ounces; 
boil in two quarts of ale over a gentle fire, 
to the confumption of half; drain off from 
the ingredients, and give the horfe four 
or five ounces every morning fading, the 
ingredients, may be beat in a mortar, 
and applied daily to the wound as a 
poultice. 
Among various receipts for the bite of mad 
dogs, this medicine has been in great repute for 
the above purpofes; as w ell as the celebrated 
powder of Dr. Mead, prepared wfith two parts 
of ground liverwort, and one of pepper: but 
many inftances have been produced of both 
proving unfucc-efsful. Boerhaave ranks this lad 
among thofe infignificant trifles, which whoever 
depends on? will find himfclf deceived. 
Remark. 210 
'The Medical Part of 
A fiveetning Drink. 
TAKE of the bark of guaiacum, and fafla- 
fras, each half a pound, boil in fix quarts 
quarts of water to four, then add to the 
ftrained liquor two quarts of the above 
antimonial wine, and four ounces of Spanijb 
juice dlffolved. 
Remark, 
This is a proper corredor, and fweetner of 
the blood, and fliould be given to the quantity 
of two quarts a day for feme time to anfwer that 
purpofe ; This method of giving the antimony, 
is to be preferred to the deception of the pow- 
der, ufually fufpended in a rag, as more cer- 
tain, as well as efficacious., 
fbe Mercurial Solution. 
TAKE of fublimate mercury one dram, dif- 
folve it in two quarts of redified fpirit 
of wine, or brandy, then pour it off from 
a fmall quantity of fediment that wilt 
fubfide. 
Remark. 
This medicine was firft recommended by 
Bosrhaave, and introduced into practice, by 
Baron Van Svjeiten, is at prefent in great re- 
pute with fome under the name of the Neapolitan 
drops. It has been given very fuccefsfully in 
many other diforders, betides the venereal, and 
the great phyfician above mentioned, fays it Practical Farriery. 
will perform wonders in many reputed incur- 
able difeafes. After fuch encomiums, and the 
extraordinary fuccefs it has met with in the hu- 
man body, in leprous and fcorbutic diforders, 
catara&s, &c. there is great reafon to believe 
that it will be found equally efficacious in other 
animals. A few experiments on horfes will foon 
adjuft the proper dofe; by beginning with a 
fiftgle ounce, and encreafing the quantity to two, 
three, or four every day, diluted in a pint of the 
above diet drink, or any other liquor. If the 
horfe fhould be much griped with the medicine, 
the quantity muft be leffen’d, or it muft be 
more diluted, and not taken on an empty 
ftomach. We think this medicine deferves no 
fmall attention to be paid to it, as it promifes 
much benefit in fbme obftinate diforders of 
horfes, and may be fafely given when other mer- 
curials cannot. 
Phe Antimonial Wine, or Beer. 
TAKE of glafs of antimony finely powder’d 
eight ounces, white wine, or ftrong beer a 
gallon, infufe together in a ftone bottle for 
a fortnight, fhaking well every day. 
Remark. 
This medicine is poffefled of all the virtues 
of antimony, without any of it’s inconvenien- 
ces ; for in this liquid form, it’s a6Uve parts 
are here already diffolved, and render’d mifcible 
■with the animal fluids; fo that it readily pafles 
into the blood, and intimately mixing with the The Medical Part of 
212 
animal juices, pervades the ultimate ramifica- 
tions of the whole vafcular fyftem; and of 
courfe promotes all the animal fecretions, by re- 
moving obdrudlions formed in the minute vef- 
fels. We therefore recommend this preparation 
of antimony in all diforders, where the powder 
was given, to the quantity of a pint, twice a 
day ; and doubt not it’s producing falutary ef- 
fects,. if perfevered in for feme weeks. 
A Drink againjl the Yellows,. 
TAKE of live millepedes, or hog lice a 
pint, infufe them in two quarts of dale 
beer, three, or four days, then prefs out 
the liquor, and diflblve in it half a pound' 
of Alicant foap, and four ounces of fait o£ 
tartar. 
Remark. 
A pint of this may be given night and 
morning after the ufe of two or three aloetic 
purges; it is well calculated for opening the ob- 
ftrufitions of the liver, and thinning the vifeid 
bile. 
A Drink againjl Purfivenefs. 
TAKE of frefh elicampane root bruifed one 
pound, infufe in a gallon of drong beer for 
a week or ten days, drain off the liquor,, 
and add oxymel of fquills and antimonial 
wipe,, cr beer,, of each one pint. Practical Farriery. 
213 
Remark. 
To a horfe that is purfive, or thick winded, 
give a pint of this drink night and morning for 
a fortnight. It will be found no trifling remedy 
for the purpofe intended. 
Mrs. Stevens’s Medicine, or Drench. 
Calcine egg-fhells in a crucible, eight or 
ten hours, with a ftrong fire ; then expofe them 
to a dry air a month or two, ’till the greateft part 
falls Into a fubtile powder, which muft be fepa- 
rated from the grofTer and lefs perfe&ly calcined 
part by a fine fieve, and preferved for ufe in a 
glafs phial well fecured from the air. 
Of the egg-fhells calcined and half flaked by 
this method, take two fcruples, two and a half, 
or one dram, three times a day, in any proper 
vehicle ; drinking after it half a pint (/. e. one 
third part) of the following deco&ion. 
TAKE of Alicant foap two ounces, two 
ounces and a half, or three ounces; flice 
the foap, and diflolve it by boiling, in 
fuch a quantity of water, as will produce 
one pint and a half of decoftion; ftrain 
it, and fweeten it to your palate with 
honey or fugar; the ufe of copper or brafs 
veflels mull be avoided, in preparing the 
deco&ion, otherwise the metal being there- 
by corroded, may produce a violent fick- 
nefs in the patient. 214 
The Medical Pari of 
This Is the original receipt, (except that 
about a fixth part fnails, calcined to blacknefs 
was added to the powder; and chamomile, 
fweet fennel, or fome fuch vegetables of ffrong 
flavour, were boiled in the decodtion; which 
being intirely beiide the intention, and mod pro- 
bably added at firft only to difguife the really 
efficacious ingredients, have been fince univer- 
fally omitted) as it was publifhed by Mrs. Stevens, 
who had 5000/. given her by a£t of parliament 
for it. 
Remark. 
The baffs of this medicine is egg-fhell, lime, 
and foap ; contrived to be taken in a form fo 
naufeous, that few ftomachs can retain it. In- 
.deed, it has more the appearance of a drench 
for a horfe, to whom it may be given in mod 
urinary complains, not attended with inflam- 
mation, varying the proportions occaflonally. 
But we have already given under the form of 
foap ball, a medicine much more expedient, 
and indeed much better failed to the intention* 
contrived by Dr. Hartly, to which we refer. 
A Turpentine Drink. 
TAKE of the true setherial oil of turpentine 
half an ounce, the yolks of three eggs, 
and four ounces of honey or treacle. Mix 
thefe well together, and then add half a 
pint of while wine, or rather of watef 
gruel: the fame quantity of fallad oil added Frafllcal Farriery. 
215 
to it, will make it a ufeful diuretic, where 
turpentine may be fafely adminifter’d. 
Remark. 
This medicine is recommended by Bracken 
in the fciatica, or lamenefs of the hip, who fays 
that the great Boerhaave had an high opinion of 
this oil, and thought it an excellent remedy for 
this diforder. It may be given every third morn- 
ing, for fome days. The horfe fhould be well 
cover’d with blankets, while under this courfe, 
and have moderate walking exercife: If this 
removes not the complaint, a mercurial purge 
may be interpofed, and repealed ; neither of 
which fucceeding, the a&ual cautery, or hot 
kon, muil be applied to the part affe&ed. 
TAKE of Barbary bark, madder, turmeric, 
and burdock root, each two ounces, boil 
them in three quarts of water to two, 
ilrain off the liquor, and diffolve in it four 
ounces of Alicant foap, and one of Indian 
rhubarb in powder. 
A Drink againji 'Jaundice. 
Remark. 
This Drench is extremely well calculated for 
the jaundice, or yellows, and will alone, if 
perfever’d in for a fortnight, remove any recent 
complaint of that kind. We have given a 
variety of forms to anfwer this purpofe, as the The Medical Part of 
diforder fometimes proves obflinate, and will not 
yield to the fame medicine. 
A Diuretic Drink. 
TAKE of balfam of copivi an ounce, in- 
corporate it with the yolk of an egg, and 
add to it by degrees, half a pint of barley 
water, in which two ounces of nitre are dif- 
folved, half a pint of fallad oil, and four 
ounces of honey. 
Remark* 
A strangury, or fuppreflion Of urine may 
arife from very different caufes; fometimes, 
though feldom, in horfes, from gravel, or ftone, 
plugging up the neck of the bladder ; at others, 
from too long a retention of the urine, the 
bladder lofes its expulfive power; in fome it may 
be owing to a fpafm, or cramp in its neck, while 
in others the defe& may be in the kidnies ; this 
drink may be given in the latter cafes to fcour 
the fecretory glands, relax fpafms, and promote 
urine: bleeding and emollient glyflers are 
neceffary auxiliaries. 
Tar Water. 
POUR a gallon of cold water on a quart of 
tar; flir and mix them thoroughly with a 
ladle, or flat flick, the fpace of three or 
four minutes: after which the veffel rnufl 
{land forty-eight hours, that the tar may 
have time to fubfide, when the clear water 
is to be pour’d off", and kept cover’d fcr Pfuflical F A R R I E R Y. 
ufe; no more being made from the fame 
tar, which may ferve for common purpofea. 
Remark. 
This medicine was fome years fince in great 
vogue, being recommended by the Bifhop of 
Cloyne, almoft as a univerfal medicine ; a decoc- 
tion prepared with the rafpings of the wood of 
the fir-tree, formerly much in ufe here for fome 
fcorbutic cafes, and greatly efteemed in the 
northern parts of Europe, has much affinity to 
this remedy, as it yields an extra® very little dif- 
ferent from what is thus obtained from tar. 
Strong Tar Water for the Ufe of Horfcs. 
TAKE of tar, and wrater, each one quart. 
ftir them well together for twenty minutes, 
then let them fettle, and pour off the 
clear water. 
Remark, 
This tar water has four times the ftrength 
fof the other, and may be given daily to a horfej 
by thofe who have an opinion of its efficacy ; 
’which poffibly may prove ferviceable in fome bid 
toughs, forfeits, 'The Medical Part of 
CHAP. VIII. 
Various Horfe Balls. 
A purging Ball againjl the faundice. 
TAKE of common Rhubarb and aloes, 
each one ounce, fait of tartar half an 
ounce ; mix them into a ball with fyrup 
of buckthorn. 
Remark. 
This purge fhould be given once a week, 
and intermediately the following ball. 
A Ball againjl the Jaundice. 
TAKE of iEthiop’s mineral, and fa&itlous 
cinnabar, each half an ounce, Alicant foap 
one ounce, make into a ball. 
Another cheap Ball for the fame Purpofe. 
TAKE of turmeric in powder, and Caftile 
foap, of each an ounce, hiera picra two 
drams, make into a ball with honey, to be 
given night and morning, with two or 
three horns full of the drink, in p. 204. 
An opening Ball againjl Jaundice. 
TAKE of Caftile foap one ounce, common 
rhubarb, and tartar of vitriol, of each half 
an ounce, make into a ball. Fraflical Farriery. 
219 
Remark. 
This ball alone will generally fucceed in 
recent cafes without the purging phyfic: it may 
be wafhed down with the above drink. 
Balls agdinji an ohjlinate "Jaundice. 
TAKE of factitious cinnabar four ounces, 
fait of tartar two ounces, fquills powder’d 
one ounce, Alicant foap half a pound, beat 
Up into a mafs with oxymel of fquills. 
Remark. 
When this diforder turns out obftlnate, from 
the infpiiTated bile choaking up the veflels of the 
liver, ’tis neceflary fometimes to give mercurial 
phyfic, in order to fufe and attenuate the bile. 
The above balls given afterwards, to the fize of 
a pullet’s egg twice a day, with the opening de~ 
codion, can fcarce fail of removing the diforder> 
unlefs the liver is become fchirrous or rotten. 
A Jlrentbening Ball. 
TAKE of bole armoniac, boiled turpentine 
and nitre, of each one ounce, make into 
two balls with honey. 
Remark. 
When a horfe has received an internal 
bridle, after plentiful bleeding, give him a ball 
every night and morning for a week; and if the 
Tymptoms do not abate, give in their dead, half 220 
The Medical Part of 
an ounce of boiled turpentine, and the fame 
quantity of common rhubarb made into a ball. 
It would be difficult perhaps to afcemin the 
operation,of internal healing and frengtbening 
■medicines, upon particular parts beyond the 
flomach and bowels; time probably has the prin- 
cipal fhare in their removal: for if there really 
were fubftances endued with a vulnerary, or 
healing power, there is not the leaft reafon to 
believe, that they would be conveyed, by the 
means of the circulation to any remote internal 
pant, in any proportion adequate to the inten- 
tion ; but that on the contrary, fuch a change 
would be wrought on their fubflance, by digeftion 
'in the ftomach, and the commixture of it in the 
circulation with the various humours of the body, 
that it would deilroy the property on which this 
power depended before its arrival to the injured 
part 
A Ball againjl piffing Blood. 
TAKE of peruvian bark powder’d one 
ounce, roch alum, and dragons blood, of 
each two drams, conferve of rofes, enough 
to form into a ball, to be given once in 
eight hours: with a pint or more of a de- 
co&ion of logwood, or oak bark. 
If medicine has a power of clofmg leaky 
veffels within, this probably will; but ’tis much 
to be feared that Jiyptic medicines given inter- 
Remark. Tragical Farriery. 
221 
nally, cannot exert their efficacy on the wounded 
vefiel, at fo great didance as the kidneys; tho* 
they may in the lungs, to which their convey- 
ance is Ihorter : fuch remedies as are found ule- 
ftil on thofe occafions, do not indeed ad fo much 
in a topical as in a univerfal manner; that is by 
artificial evacuations, as repeated bleedings, and 
cooling phyfic ; by retraining heat and motion;, 
and by correding the acrimony of the humours ; 
but particularly by repeated bleedings, which 
by dimlniffiing the quantity of blood, abate the 
force of the circulating fluids; fo that the 
wounded vefiel being lefs dlfiended, or little 
blood pafling thro’ it, the aperture has time to 
dofe up. 
It is reafonable therefore to fufped the 
general efficacy of internal flyptics ; as final! 
arteries when divided, often contract by their 
own elafiicity, and dofe themfelves; and then 
the fuppreffion of the bleeding is frequently at- 
tributed to thefe boafted remedies* when it arifes 
from very different caufes. 
TAKE of Alicant foap eight ounces, of 
quick lime powder’d and lifted, one ounce ; 
of any lixiviate fait, one dram: dice the 
foap, mix it thoroughly with the lime, 
and lixiviate fait; and adding as much 
Soap Balls.- 
water as may be neceflary, beat the W'hole 
together in a mortar, into a foft pafte. 'The Medical Part sf 
R E M.A R K. 
This is Mrs. Stevens's medicine Improved 
by Dr. Hartley: An ounce or two of this ball 
may be given to a horfe every three hours, who 
is {abjeCt to frequent obflruCtions in haling, 
wafhed down with, any foft liquor, till the com- 
plaint is removed. As this fymptom may arife 
from vifeid particles, cheating up the decretory 
dn&sof the kidnies and ureters, this preparation 
of foap may be preferred to any other. 
A Jirengtbening Injection. 
TAKE of lime water one pint, fugar of 
lead, and white vitriol, each one dram. 
diffolve them in the tindlure. 
Remark. 
When young horfes have contracted a gleet, 
or feminal running,- an ounce of the above in- 
jection fhould be daily fyringed up the yard, 
’till the caufe is removed.—Internals given by 
the mouth, are at too great diftance to a6t with 
certainty, as their virtues muft be impaired, by 
mixing with fo great a mafs of fluids, before 
their arrival at the part affeCted. 
A Jirengtbening Ball. 
TAKE of rofln half an oufice, olibamim 
and maflich powder’d, .each two drams. 
make into a ball with honey. Practical Farriery. 
223 
Where medicines of this kind are approved, 
this ball may be given night and morning, as 
properly as feme others, and may prove equally 
efficacious ; ’till the difeharge diminifhes \ inter- 
pofing now and then a rhubarb purge\ this 
latter may alfo be given with Venice turpentine 
to the quantity of half an ounce of each every 
night. 
Remark. 
Diuretic or pijpng Balls. 
TAKE of Venice foap and yellow rofin, each 
one pound, fait of tartar half a pound, 
camphor powder’d one ounce, oil of juni- 
per half an ounce, beat them up well 
together with honey and liquorice powder. 
Remark. 
Two ounces of this mafs may be given to a 
horfe every morning fading, with a horn or 
two of any diluting liquor. It will be found of 
fervice in mod urinary complaints unattended 
with inflammation; and in promoting a free 
fecretion by the kidneys, in all dropfical com- 
plaints, fwelled legs, Greafe, ifc. The 
common piffing drink is half a pound of rofm 
diffclvcd in a quart of clarified brine.—We have 
given a variety of thde kinds of medicines, as 
particulars are fometimes uncertain in their 
operation. 224 
The Medical Part of 
A Ball againji Surfeit. 
TAKE of nitre two ounces, camphor one 
dram, honey enough to form a ball. 
Remark. 
We recommend this ball as an excellent 
remedy for the above purpofe; it will help to 
thin the bicod and juices, and promote the fecre- 
tions in general, particularly thole of the Ikin 
and kidnies, it may be given every night for a 
fortnight, or three weeks, interpollng now and 
then a gentle purge; it fhould be walhed down 
with two or three horns of any fmall liquor to 
diflblve the camphor. 
Hemlud Balls. 
TAKE a fufficient quantity of frelh hemlock; 
profs out the juice, and let it be boiled, 
while frelh, with a gentle heat in an 
earthen veflel, (often ftirring it, left it burn) 
to the conliftence of an extradh Let this 
extract be formed into balls of half an 
ounce, or ounce weight, with as much 
of the powder of the dried leaves, as may 
be necefiary for the conftftence. 
Remark. 
This medicine is much recommended by 
the German phyficians, in a variety of obftinate 
diforders, and is affirmed to have been attended 
with uncommon fuccefs in hard glandular fwel- 
lings, and even in cancers. If the efficacy of it Profiled Farriery. 
225 
Should, on future trials, correfpond with the 
fadts related by Dr. Stork, it mull be allowed to 
be a great modern acquisition to the art of medi- 
cine : Though we mull confefs, that it has not 
in many, and repeated trials yet been found to 
anfwer here. 
Whoever is difpofed to make trial of it on 
horfes, Should follow the diredtion of the author 
above-mentioned; and give it at fird in fmall 
quantities, gradually increasing them, according 
to their effedts. Viz. Beginning with a few* 
drams, and increafmg it to ounces.- 
This extract has been proved (according to 
Dr. Stork) to poffefs the greateft refolving quali- 
ties; and often penetrates, and reaches to parts* 
which the moll powerful remedies liithert® 
known could not pervade. It attenuates, he fays* 
infpiSTated fluids, and opens obllrudlions in the 
fineSl veffels; and thus rellcres a free circulation 
of the blood, and juices, wherever the fecrc- 
tions are disturbed,- or obllrudled., As hemlock 
is perhaps one of the moll powerful vegetables 
known, it perhaps to be worthy of trial as an at- 
tenuant, and refolvent, in old coughs; yellows; 
habitual Stranguries; old flying lameneffes; 
moon blindnels, &c. 
TAKE of calcin’d, or coralline mercury, or 
turpeth half a dram,, foap pill and camphor 
each two fcruples, make into a ball to be 
taken every other night for a fortnight. 
A Mercurial Alterative Ball. ‘The Medical Part of 
Remark. 
This medicine fhould only be ufed on very 
extraordinary occafions, and in very obflinate 
cafes, as the farcin, &c. and then given with 
great circumfpeCtion, as mercurials are very pre- 
carious in their operation ; yet if given with dif- 
cretion and carefully attended to, they will fre- 
quently perform furprifing cures. If therefore 
the horfe fhould be attended with great ficknefs 
or gripes, the quantity of the mercurials mull 
be leffen’d, or more of the foap pill added to 
it; and if his mouth fhould be fo affected, as to 
render him incapable of eating foft food, the 
life of the ball muft be fufpended for fome days, 
and gentle purges given, till this fymptom is 
removed ; when it may be given again under the 
fame reflrictions. In fhort, the intention is to 
faturate the blood with thefe rough mercurial 
preparations, without bringing on a falivation, 
which it has been found impracticable to carry a 
horfe through. The horfe fhould be well curri- 
ed and kept warm through the whole courfe. 
An Antimonial Ball, 
TAKE of glafs of antimony finely powder’d 
two ounces, camphor half an ounce, 
Venice foap fix ounces, make into twelve 
balls with honey. 
One of thefe balls may be taken every 
night and repeated occasionally, they have been 
Remark. Tragical Farriery. 
given fuccefsfully in correcting the blood and 
humours. The crocus metallorum, or liver of 
antimony, given to the quantity of half an 
ounce, finely powder’d in the horfe’s corn once 
or twice a day, is alfo found to be very uftful in 
the above intention. 
A Mercurial Alterative Ball. 
TAKE of crude mercury one ounce, Venice 
turpentine half an ounce, rub them toge- 
ther in a mortar till the particles of the 
quickfilver no longer appear; then add 
gum guaiacum finely powder’d two ounces, 
diagrydium in powder half an ounce, beat 
them up together with a little honey, and 
divide into eight balls. 
This is formed on the plan of Belloflch pill; 
One of thefe balls may be given every other 
night for a fortnight; and then repeated, after 
a week’s intermiffion. They will be found very 
fcrviceablc in feme obftinate forfeits and to re- 
move thofe flying lameneffes, which frequently 
affedt horfes in different limbs, and are often 
occafioned by fizy blood, or fuppofed acrimoni- 
ous juices, which fix on the membranes. Care 
fhould be taked that the horfe gets no cold during 
this courfe; for which reafon, it .is befr pro- 
fecuted in fummer; if this method does not 
fucceed, recourfe nraft be had to the adfual 
cautery. 
Remark. . 'The Medical Part of 
An Alterative Ball. 
TAKE of butter of antimony, and bezoar 
mineral, of each an ounce, beat up with- 
half a pound of the pectoral ball. 
Remark. 
Give the horfe the bignefs of a wallnut, or 
three quarters of an ounce every day for two or 
three weeks, falling two or three hours after 
it. This is taken from Dr. Bracken, who fays, 
it is a very fafe and effedlual alterative on horfes,. 
if continued for forae time. 
Another Alterative Ball. 
TAKE of sethiops mineral* or anthnonial 
aethiops an ounce, gum guaiacum two 
drams, camphor one dram, honey, enough 
to form a ball. 
This ball may be given every night, when 
the horfe refufes to take the powder in his meat. 
The addition of the guaiacum and camphor, will 
render its operation more certain by perforation, 
and confequently give it the preference, in thofe 
cafes where the horfe’s hide is bound tight to his 
body; and his hair, as it were flands an end: 
which lymptems are frequently removed 
thereby. 
Remark, P'radical Farrier. 
Fhe Nitre Ball with Camphor. 
TAKE of purified nitre, two ounces, cam- 
phor powder’d one dram, honey enough 
to form into a ball, to be given with two of 
three horns full of any fmall liquor- 
Remark. 
This ball may be given every night toanfwer 
the above intentions : It is a very powerful at- 
tenuant, and will promote the fecretions, by 
perfpiration and urine. 
If the nitre alone be given to the quantity 
of four ounces a day, in the horfe’s corn, or 
mafhes, it will be found a noble remedy, as an 
alterative for forfeits, molten greafe, hide 
bound, greafe heels, &c. and it has this advan- 
tage over moft other medicines, that it 
requires no confinement, or particular cloath- 
ing. It would take up too much time to enume- 
rate the virtues of this fimple remedy; let it 
fuffice then to fay, that it fhould be given 
liberally, on the firft attack of colds, and fevers* 
inflead of heating medicineswhich method 
would often prevent troublefome coughs, and 
their confequence, a broken wind, In fwelled 
limbs from vifcid, and pofllbly acrimonious 
juices; to attemperale hot humours attending 
the eyes, and other parts; to remove inflam- 
mations in general, or on particular parts; this 
medicine will always be given to advantage ; 
both as an allayer of heat, and a refiller of pu- The Medical Fart of 
trefa&ion: In fhort, we think that a fafer, 
cheaper, or better medicine than nitre, was 
never given to a horfe. 
A Diuretic Ball againjl Greafe. 
TAKE of fa&itious cinnabar, and yellow 
rofin finely powder’d, each half a pound, 
fait prunella four ounces, oil of juniper 
half an ounce, make into a mafs with 
honey. 
Remark. 
A ball the fee of a hen egg may be given 
every morning fading: it is in general a good 
alterative, and proper to correct the bad date of 
the juices, and determine their paflage out of 
the body by the glandular fecretion of the kid- 
nies. Endlefs would be the various forms to 
anfwer thefe intentions; and as it would be im- 
poffible to adapt them to general cafes and con- 
ditutions, we mud leave the choice of thofe 
we have given to the difcretion of the 
prefcriber, and his own obfervations on their 
different effects and operations *, cautioning 
him not to depend on any one of them, 
(however fuccefsful in particular cafes) as 
certain or infallible, led he fhould be difap- 
pointed ; for we can allure him, from long ex- 
perience, that infallibility is no attribute of 
phyfic. We have no other excufe to make for 
the variety of forms which we have given, but 
the uncertain effects of individuals, fo that the Tragical FARRIERY. 
reader, on any difappointment, may have re- 
courfe to others of fimilar intention, with the 
profped of better fuccefs ; for a multiplicity 
of forms is but too apt to confound and perplex. 
Balls to jlrengtben the Stomach. 
TAKE of chamomile flowers frefli powder’d 
two ounces, gentian and winter’s bark 
powder’d, each one ounce, cinnamon and 
pimento, each half an ounce, fyrup of 
ginger, enough to form into a mafs. 
Remark. 
The quantity of a large walnut may be gi- 
given every morning falling: they are proper to 
ftrengthen a weak llomach, when a horfe 
palTes his corn undigefted, or is infelled with 
worms; which are propagated through the in- 
feebied tone of this organ. 
Markka m’s Ball. 
TAKE anifeeds, dimming feeds, fenugreek 
feeds, carthamus feeds, elicampane roots, 
flour of brimrtone, and brown fugar-candy, 
of each two ounces, beaten and fearfed 
very fine ; then take an ounce of the juice 
of liquorice, and diffolve it in half a pint 
of white wine ; three ounces of fyrup of 
coltsfoot, fallad oil, and honey, of each 
half a pint ; mix thefe with the former, 
and make them into a parte with a fuffi- 
cient quantity of wheat flour. Pbe Medical Part of 
Remark. 
We Infert this as a ball long in high eftecm 
among Farriers for a cold and cough, and to 
gratify the inquifitive reader ; for the fame rea~ 
fon alfo, we give the following: 
TAKE annifeed, caraway feed,, and greater 
cardamoms finely powder’d, each one 
ounce, turmeric in fine powder,, one ounce 
and half ; faffron, two drams; fugar candy, 
four ounces, oil of anifeed half an ounce, 
Spanijh juice diffolVed in hyflop water two 
ounces, liquorice powder an ounce and sc 
half; of wheat flour enough to make 
them into a ftiff parte. When the whole 
has been beaten in a mortar, keep it for ufc 
in a bladder tied.- 
BR A c K E n’s Cordial Bail. 
Remark. 
Tjie ingredients of this ball are much better 
chofen than the preceding, fo that it is to be 
preferred to it as a cordial, and pefitoral remedy. 
We think it however too warm for this lart pur- 
pofe, while the leaft degree of or tendency 
to inflammation continues. 
A Diuretick Ball. 
TAKE of Alicant or hard foap one pound, 
fal prunella or nitre four ounces, Venice 
turpentine two ounces, fquills powder’d 
one ounce, honey a fuflncient quantity to Tragical Farriery. 
233 
beat up the whole into a mafs, of which 
a ball of the fixe of a pullet’s egg may be 
given every morning for a fortnight or 
longer. 
Remark. 
No medicines are more uncertain than Diu- 
retics in their operation, Which is the reafon we 
have given fo great variety of them : when they 
operate properly, they are of great ufe, by 
diverting the humours to the kidnies, and re- 
moving a redundancy which would otherwife 
overcharge the vefiels of the limbs, as in the 
greafe, and other difiempers, which produce lax 
fwellings in different parts. 
Another for the fame purpofe. 
TAKE of nitre one ounce, fquills powder’d' 
and camphor of each two drams, honey 
enough to make into a ball to be given as 
the above. 
Remark. 
This ball fhould be wafhed down with a 
horn or two of gruel, or warm water, in order 
to dilute the camphor, which when thus given 
in fubflance, may otherwife produce a difagree- 
able fenfation in the ftomach : where a decoction 
of parfly roots and marfhmallows is approved, 
it may be given inftead of the gruel; but as we 
expert no effects from them as promoters of 
urine, otherwife than from the vehicle they are 
boil’d in, we leave this to the difcretion of the 
prefcriber. The Medical Part of 
CHAP. IX. 
Various Powders, See. 
A Fever Powder. 
TAKE of hartfhorn fhavings, half a 
pound, and boil them In fpring water 
for upwards of an hour ; then take them 
out, and lay them in a dlfh before the fire, 
till they are dry enough to powder. After 
they are powder’d, mix them with an equal 
weight of antimony in powder, put the 
mixture in an unglazed earthen pan over a 
flow fire, and keep it ftirring with an iron 
fpatula to prevent it’s caking together, and 
when it has quite done fmoaking, take it off 
and you will have an afh-coloured powder. 
K you would have it more white put it 
into a red hot crucible, and calcine it for 
fome time. 
Remark. 
We have already given fome procefTes fimilar 
to this, which is taken from Tournsforfs ma- 
teria medica. It is much celebrated by Mr. 
Wood for the cure of fevers in horfes, and may 
be given to the quantity of two drams mixed up 
in honey, and repeated night and morning; as 
antimonial medicines agree well with horfes, and 
are found to be ferviceabie in fevers, a more ge- Prafiical Farriery. 
neral ufe of them fhould be inculcated : this may- 
be had prepared at the chymifts on reafonable 
terms; and with the addition of a fmall quantity 
of precipitate mercury, as already obferved, may 
prove as efficacious in horfes, as the fever pow- 
der of Dr. James in men. 
Plummer’/ Alterative Powder, 
TAKE of mercurius ddcis, and golden ful- 
phur of antimony each two drams, rub 
them together till they are intimately 
mixed. 
This medicine is recommended from ex- 
perience of it’s effe&s, in obflinate fcorbutic 
diforders; and may be given to horfes in farcins, 
greafe, and other inveterate diforders that elude 
the force of the ufual medicines. The above 
quantity may be given mixed up into a ball with 
honey, once or twice a week; or half the quan- 
tity may be given every third morning. During 
this courfe the horfe fhould be kept warm, and 
dieted with rnafhes and warm water, obferving 
all thofe rules which we have laid down in re- 
gard to the exhibition of mercurials. 
Remark. 
’The Duke of Portland’/ Powder. 
TAKE of the roots of birth wort and ger^ 
tian, and of the leaves and tops of ger- 
mander, ground pine and centaury, each 
equal parts; powder them fine, and mb 
them together. The Medical Fart ff 
This is a very antient compofition, and Tome 
few years fince was in great vogue for the gout: 
by a continued ufe of it, the gouty fits were 
fometimes fufpendedk and even in fome prevent- 
ed. But it was obferved, in older fubjects par- 
ticularly, that more dangerous diforders 
as apoplexies, palfies, &c. the gouty matter 
not finding a free paflage to the extremities, 
now lock’d up by the medicine, recoiled on the 
nobler parts, and produced thefe fatal confe- 
quences. It may however be given to horfes as 
a domach medicine, alone, or deeped in wine,, 
or beer. 
Remark. 
Dr. Mead’/ Powder. 
TAKE of afh coloured ground liverwort. 
half an ounce; and of black pepper two; 
drams; beat them into a fine powder. 
The doctor’s directions,, in regard to the 
giving this medicine for the bite of mad dogs, 
are firft to bleed the patient,, nine or ten ounces 
at the arm, then dividing the above into four 
dofes, to give one every morning fading, for 
four mornings fucceflxvely, in half a pint of 
cow’s milk warm. After thefe four dofes are 
taken, the patient mud go into the cold bath, 
or a cold fpring, or river, every morning fading 
for a month ; He mud be dipt all over, but not 
ftay in (with his head above the water) longer 
Remark. Traßical Farriery. 
237 
than half a minute,, if the water be very cold. 
After this lie mull go in three times a week for a 
fortnight longer. He thinks the wound fhould 
be enlarged, and drefled with precipitate medi- 
cine by way of drain; and fays that he can fafe- 
Jy affirm, he never knew this method to fail of 
fuccefs, where it has been followed before the 
hydrophobia began: although in the courfe of 
about thirty years he had ufed it a thoufand times. 
He concludes by faying, I have often wifhed, 
that I knew fo certain a remedy in any other 
difeafe. Notwithflanding thefe high encomiums 
this remedy is at prefent difregarded, it not ap- 
pearing from experience to have the lead: title 
to a fpecific; perhaps the uncertainty of the 
ill effects enfuing from the bite, makes it dif- 
ficult to determine, with relation to the merits 
of a medicine in fuch cafes ; for it is fcarce to 
be doubted, that many are bitfeen, without be- 
ing infe&cd. 
A Powder againjl Hide bound, &c. 
TAKE of fa&itious cinnabar, and liver of 
antimony finely powder’d, of each half a 
pound ; rub them together, and give an 
ounce for a dofe. 
Remark. 
One of thefe powders muft be given every 
night in a mafh, and continued for a fortnight. 
For this purpofe alfo, an ounce of antimony and 
flower of brimftone may be given, and which 238 
7 he Medical Part of 
if perfevered in, feldom fails to produce that 
gloflinefs of the (kin, which is a certain proof of 
the perfpiration being reftored. 
A general Alterative Powder. 
TAKE of antimony finely powder’d, half 
an ounce; flower of brimftone the fame 
quantity, mix them together. 
Remark. 
This powder may be given twice a day in a 
math, or the horfe’s corn, for a fortnight, or 
longer. It is intended to corredt thole acrimo- 
nious juices in the blood, which it is fatd, fre- 
quently produce xtchings, and irruptions on the 
Ikin ; and by opening the f|>ores, it facilitates 
their paflage thro’ them.—Great care fhould be 
taken to procure the beft antimony, which is 
very ponderous, compofed of long fhining 
ftreakes, like needles. Nor fhould lefs care be 
taken to powder it very fine; or even to levi- 
gate it: for when it is given grofly powder’d, as 
generally is the cafe, it pafles unaltered through 
the bowels, or accumulates there in great quan- 
tities, to the manifefl: prejudice of the horfe, and 
great difappointment of the prefcriber. 
JBthiops Mineral. 
TAKE purified quickfilver, and llowers of 
fulphur, Of each equal quantities, grind 
them together in a glafs, or done mortar* 
’till they are united. Tragical F A R r i e R y. 
The union may be greatly facilitated by the 
afliftance of a little warmth ; or by melting the 
fulphur in an iron ladle, then adding the quick- 
silver, and ftirring them together, ’till the mix- 
ture is completed ; Nor does this practice appear 
to be juftly blameable ; for no injury can thereby 
be fuppofed to be done to fubftances, which 
have already undergone much greater fires in 
the extra&ion from their ores, and in their 
purification. 
This medicine may be given to the quan- 
tity of half an ounce, every day for fome weeks, 
in a mafh, or corn ; and though it was the opi- 
nion of Boerhaave, that in the human body, it 
acted only on the flomach and bowels, not being 
able to enter the laCteals; yet It is part doubt, 
that it enters thofe veflels in a horfe, which are 
fufficiently pervious for it’s admifiion ; and that 
it intimately mixes with their blood and fluids, 
is evident, from the eflr'edts, as it has been known 
to produce a flight falivation and fore jaws. 
Remark. 
It is a good remedy againfl: worms; and may 
be properly given in forfeits, mange, hide bound, 
molten greafe, and in all diforders arifing from 
the fuppofed acrimony of the juices.—The fol- 
lowing method of giving it will in many cafes 
render it more powerful. 
Antimonial JBlhiops. 
TAKE of the beft crude antimony twelve 
ounces, quickfilver fixteen ounces, flower 
of brimflone eight ounces j let them be 240 
*7he Medical Part of 
ground in a glafs mortar to an impalpable 
powder. 
Remark. 
Half and ounce of this powder, or more, 
may be given as the former, every night for a 
fortnight ; omit giving for a week, and then 
repeat it for a fortnight longer. It has been 
found very efficacious in the above diforders of 
the fkin ; is fuppofed to corred fharp acrid 
juices, and to fweeten the blood: It will alfo be 
found ferviceable in fome old, dry coughs, arifing 
from dbftrudions in the lungs; for fuch pon- 
derous medicines often prove fuccefsful in open- 
ing thofe minute veffels, which are impervious 
to all others. 
A Wajh againjt the Mangef or other objiinate 
Dissolve half an ounce of fublimate pow- 
der in a pint or more of water. 
Diforders of the Skin. 
Remark. 
, Let the parts affieded be well waffied three 
three or four times a day with this lotion, and 
anointed every night with the fulphur ointment j 
or the following from Silkyfel. 
TAKE of burnt alum iand borax in fine 
powder, each two ounces, white vitriol 
and verdigreafe powder’d, of each four 
ounces, put them into a clean pot with 
two pounds of honey (or rather lard) ftir- 
An Ointment againf the Mange. Practical F a r k i e r y. 
241 
ring ’till they are incorporated, when cold 
add two ounces of ftrong aqua fortis. 
Remark. 
The above remedies are of fo powerful a 
nature, that fcarce any diforders of the (kin can 
refill them; unlefs they arife from a depraved 
-date of the fluids ; when fome of the following 
alteratives mud be joined with therm 
An Alterative Purge. 
TAKE fine aloes fix drams, gum gualacum 
half an ounce, calcined antimony and fait of 
tartar, of each two drams, make into a ball 
with any fyrup. 
TAKE fine aloes half an ounce, or fix 
drams, fait of tartar half an ounce, jalap 
powder’d two drams, mix as above. 
Another. 
Remark. 
These balls, which are flrongly recom- 
mended by Gibfon, may be given every fix or 
eight days, for a month or fix weeks, with resid- 
ed bran, and warm water; they will operate 
gently both by urine and dung, without any of 
the inconveniencies of common purges, for 
though their operation on the bowels is confider- 
ably reftrained, yet as they pafs into the blood, 
the other fecretions are more advantageoufly in- 
created thereby. 
Ohfervations on Alteratives. 
Though niedicineS of this clafs, are fre- 
quently found by experience, to be given with 
fiiccefs, we prefume not tb Account for their o- 
peration ; for ’till we are better acquainted with 
'the nature of the fluids circulating in an animal body, we can talk with little propriety of .the 
acrimony of the juices or their depraved date; 
nor can we readily conceive how a few ounces, 
of mod medicines, given for this purpofe, can 
adt on them, when blended with feveral gallons 
of blood and other fluids. Indeed the remote 
of internal difeafes, and the operation of 
medicines inwardly employ’d beyond the flomach 
and bowels, yet remain, in mod; inftances, mere- 
ly conjedlural; and perhaps in fome cafes intire- 
ly uninvedi gable. Every additional grain of cer- 
tainty therefore in phyfick, will ever be received 
with tranfport, when we condder how little ab- 
folute certainty we really poffefs. After this con- 
feflion, the candid reader will excufe the liberty 
we have fometimes taken, of fpeaking rather too 
affirmatively of the operation of medicines, and 
of the feat of fome diforders; which we have 
done rather in compliance with cudom, and the 
•received language of the times, than from any 
certain conviction of their propriety: for though 
the objects of furgery are generally obvious to 
the fenfes, and the effedts of the applications, 
made to them, are perceptible to the naked eye ; 
yet In phyfic we are too often groping in the 
dark, and can form our judgment only from the 
event. 
The Medical Part of 
In fhort we apprehend, that the fecret o- 
perations of nature are better illudrated by the 
manifed light of fadl, and experiment, than 
from any dazling theory of the mod: brilliant Ima- 
gination : thofe alone can diredl us fafely in our 
refearches; while the latter, like an ignis fatuuf9 
will miflead us, if wc depend too much on fuch 
illufions. Pr aft teal F ARRIERV. 
CHAP. X. 
Various Forms of Purges and Glyjlers. 
A common Purge, 
TAKE of Succotori ne aloes ten drams3 
jalap powder’d, and fait of tartar? 
of each two drams; fyrup of buckthorn* 
a fufficient quantity to make into one or 
two balls. 
This is a very good common purge, and 
will anfwer all the intentions of general purging. 
It fnould be given early in the morning, upon art 
empty ftomach ; and about three hours after, & 
feed of fcalded bran ffiould be given ; A fmalt 
quantity of hay may be put in the rack at dif- 
ferent times : Two more maffies may be given 
the fame day, or raw bran, if he refufes them. 
Let his water be milk warm, with a 
handful of bran fqueezed in it. Give him 
another mafh the next morning, with as much 
warm water as he will drink, let him be properly 
doathed, and rode gently about to excite the o- 
•Deration, two or three times in the day, if the 
Weather be fair. 
Remark. 
Another general Purge. 
TAKE of Succotroine aloes, and cream of 
tartar, each one otihce, jalap powder’d; 
two or three drams; fyfup of buckthorn a 
fufficient quantity. 244 
cThe Medical Part of 
Among the variety of receipts for this pur- 
pore, this purge generally operates as kindly as 
any, without griping the horfe, the aloes being 
correfifed by the tartar ; which prevents it’s ad- 
hering roo clofely to the coats of the bowels, 
and of courfe leffens the irritations. 
Remark. 
Another Purge. 
TAKE of aloes from ten drams to an ounce 
and half; myrrh and ginger powder’d, of 
each half an ounce, faffron and oil of ani- 
feed, of each half a dram, fyiup of buck- 
thorn a proper quantity. 
Remark. 
This has an eftablifhed character among 
fome fportfmen, and in general operates kindly 
and fafely : to horfes that are purged with diffi- 
culty, two drams of jalap may be aded. The 
faffron feems fuperfluous. 
When mercury is thought neceflary, give 
two drams of calomel, mixed up with half an 
ounce of Venice treacle, or philonium, over 
night; and one of the preceding balls the next 
morning ; ftri£f care fhould be taken, that the 
horfe drinks plentifully, and takes no cold during 
the operation, by giving the calomel mixed with 
thefe warm opiates, the gripings which generally 
attend It are prevented. 
A mild Purge for a delicate Horfe. 
TAKE of fine aloes, and Indian rhubarb 
powder’d, of each fix drams: powder’d 
ginger one dram, fyrup of rotes a fufficient 
quantity. Tragical Farriery. 
245 
Purges of this kind, are calculated for 
tender horfes, who are much difconcerted by a 
rougher phyfic ; this is not however expenlive, 
as that kind of rhubarb is cheap enough. 
Remark. 
A cooling Liquid Purge. 
TAKE of fenna leaves two ounces, fait of 
tartar half an ounce, infufe in a pint of 
boiling water, two or three hours ; then 
{train off, and diffolve in it four ounces of 
purging falts, and the fame quantity of 
cream of tartar. 
Remark. 
This purge, though gentle, Is frequently 
quick in it’s operation ; as it neither flimulates 
or heats, it is to be preferred in all inflammatory 
complaints ; but it may be neceffary to quicken 
it’s operation in feme horfes, with two or three 
drams of powder’d jalap; or two ounces of the 
tinfture of the fame.—lf it fbould not operate 
by the bowels, no danger is to be apprehended, 
as it will work off by urine. 
A Drink to promote the working of Pbyftck ; by 
Urine. 
TAKE a pint of white wine, an ounce 
of fait of tartar, or nitre, with a dram of 
camphor diffolved in a little fpirit of wine, 
to which add two drams of oil of juniper, 
and four ounces of honey. 
Remark. 
This drink may occafionally be repeated 
with an ounce of Spanijh foap, if the horfe con- The Medical Part of 
tinues to fwell, and no operation enfues by dung 
or urine. 
A Ball for tie fame purpofe. 
TAKE Venice turpentine, or balfam of co- 
P»vi one ounce ; break it well with the yolk 
of an egg, and add juniper berries, and 
irefh anifeed powder’d, of each half an 
ounce, unredlified oil of amber two drams* 
If the horfe feerns uneafy, and makes ufelefs 
efforts to dale, this may be given as the former, 
vvafh’d down with plenty of gruel: Nor fhould 
oily emollient glyflers with a handful of fait be 
emitted, to unload the large guts; which may 
be an obflacle to the operation, when they are 
fluffed with dung, and not previoufly prepared 
by bran raafhes, and cream of tartar. 
R E M A R K. 
A Glyfter againfl Griping and over purging. 
TAKE of tripe liquor, or thin {larch two 
quarts, oil of olives half a pint, diafeordium 
two ounces, opium difiblved one draraj 
mix together. 
When the difeharge from flrong phyfidt 
is too great, and the mucus of the bowels is 
fhaved off with it; this glyfler muft be thrown 
up, and repeated as often as it is rejected, ’till 
the pains and flux abate. An ounce of diaf- 
eordium difiblved in a pint ot port wine may alfo 
be given every three hours to warm and 
ftrengthen the bowels; which under thefe cir- 
cumflances, often mortify in a few hours, if 
not timely relieved. Glyflers alfo may be pre- 
Remark. Practical F arrie R Y. 
247 
pared with the fame quantity of fat broth, ftarch, 
and opium, in order to platter over the coats of 
the bowels, and abate their violent irritations,— 
Mutton fuet' diffolved by boiling in milk, has 
alfo been given very fuccefsfully by the mouth, 
to anfwer this intention viz. four ounces of 
the fuet to a quart of milk, of which a pint may 
be given every three or four hours. 
A Drink againft Gripes from Phyfck. 
TAKE of gum arabic and tragacanth, each 
four ounces, juniper berries, and carraway 
feeds bruifed two ounces, fimmer gently in 
a gallon of water, ’till the gums are dif- 
folved.- 
Remark. 
Give the horfe a quart of this often, or mix 
it with his white water: if he will not take it iii 
that manner, a proper quantity of ftarch may be 
added to it, to make it more Iheathing and 
emollient. 
Syrup of Buckthorn, 
TAKE of the juice of ripe buckthorn berries 
two pounds* pimento fix drams, boil to the 
confidence of a fyrup with a pound and a 
half of coarfe fugar, the fpice being bruif- 
ed and tied up in a rag. 
Remark. 
This is very eafily prepared, and fhould be 
kept by all who are any ways engaged in the cure 
of horfes maladies; five or fix ounces diffolved 
in ale, with two or three ounces of cream of 
tartar, or any of the purging falts, will make a 248 
The Medical Fart of 
good purging drench, and will frequently begin 
to work in a few hours, after it is taken. This 
fyrup is chiefly ufed to mis up purging balls ; 
and frequently given in glyfters, where a quick 
cifcharge is required. 
J Metood of purging Horfes at Grafs. 
TAKE the horfe up from grafs, and put 
him upon the muzzle for four hours, then 
give him of aloes ten drams and a half, 
made into a ball with fyrup of buckthorn, 
waflring it down with a quart of warm 
ale: Put him upon the muzzle again for 
four hours more, and then turn him out to 
his pafture, where he has plenty of water. 
The fourth morning you may give him the 
fame purge, and the fourth from that ano- 
ther, fo that he will work off three dofes 
in nine days. 
This is experienced to be a fafe and good 
method of purging horfes, who run cut in the 
field : but it has been obferved that a horfe will 
bear a much ftronger dole at grafs than in the 
liable. Neverthelefs, young or little horfes 
fhould have the dofe proportioned to them, at 
lead ’till their conflitution as to phyficking has 
been tried. 
II E M A R K. 
Aloes thus limply given in the liable, works 
very fafely, and without griping ; but then the 
horfe Ihould have plenty of the cullomary warm 
water, and his body made foluble for two days 
before the firll dofe by bran malhes every day, 
in which an ounce or twm of cream of tartar Pr aftical Farriery. 
249 
lias been mixed. An ounce of aloes will be 
Fufficient For the fird doFe, the FubFequent dofcs 
increafed in proportion to their operation. 
A common Emollient Glyjler. 
TAKE oF common mallows, and chamomile 
flowers, each a large handful, fweet Fennel, 
or anifecd bruifed two ounces; boil in a 
gallon oF water to three quarts# then pour 
off, and diflblve in it halF a pound of 
treacle, and a pint oF oil. 
This is a common foftening glyflcr, proper 
to be given on all occafions, when the bowels 
want emptying. To quicken the operation, 
four ounces of purging, or common fait, cream 
of tartar, lenitive ele&uary, or fyrup of buck- 
thorn may be added. 
This intention may in general be very pro- 
perly anfwered by two quarts of pot liquor, a 
handful of fait, and a pint of common oil a-nd 
treacle, or two or three ounces of foap. 
Remark. 
A purging Glyjler. 
TAKE two or three handfuls of mallows, or 
bran ; fenna two ounces, bitter apple 
half an ounce, fweet fennel feeds bruifed 
two ounces; boil a quarter of an hour in 
three quarts of water; drain the hquor oflT 
through a fleve, and add four ounces of 
fyrup of buckthorn, and a pint of oil. 
Remark. 
This glyder will purge brifkly, and is fuc- 
cefsfully given, when an immediate evacuation 5 he Medical Part cf 
is abfolutely neceflary, and the operation of & 
purge by the mouth cannot be waited for. 
A Reftringent Glyjier. 
TAKE of pomegranate, or oak bark four 
ounces, balauftines an ounce, boil in two 
quarts of water, ’till one is near confirmed, 
then pour oft, and diflblve in it four ounces 
of diafcordium, to which may be added a 
pint of port. 
Remark. 
Tins is a proper glyfter for the above pur- 
pofe, and will fucceed in moll common cafes, 
where reftringents are neceflary: It fhould never 
be given in a larger quantity ; for the longer 
s'yft ers of this kind remain in the bowels, the 
more effedhrally they anfwer their purpofe. 
A novrijbing Glyjier. 
TAKE three pints of any meat broth, milk 
pottage, or rice milk ; and let it be thrown 
up three or four times in a day by a 
glyfter fyringc. 
Remark. 
These forts of glyfters become extremely ne- 
ceflary to fupport a horfe, when his jaws are fo 
loekt up by convulsions, that nothing can be in- 
troduced by the mouth 4 they fhould be fre- 
quently repealed, and not exceed the above 
quantity at a time, left they fhould be rejected 
by their weight t they will, with thiscaution, 
be abforbed, and carried into the blood; and 
Supply a fufficient nourifhment for fome time. 
A Glyjier againji a Strangury. 
TAKE of Venice turpentine four ounces, in- Practical F A R R I E R V. 
corporate with the yolks of two or three 
eggs; then add by degrees two quarts of 
raarfhmallow deception, or warm water, 
in which four ounces of nitre was diflfolved ; 
add afterwards a pint of oih 
Clysters of this kind will adt as a warm 
fomentation to the kidneys and ureters, allay 
fjpafms on thofe parts, and being abforbed into 
the emulgent veflfels, diffolve the matter which 
•obflrucls a free fecretion of urine through them: 
They ftiould be renewed, while the difficulty 
continues,, and are more to be depended on than 
any oily'or emollient bodies given by the mouth ; 
whofe- fubflances- being incorporated with the 
whole loafs of fluids, cannot be expedled to reach 
the kid-nies in fuch a flate, as to exert their relax- 
ing.and mollifying power. 
Remark, 
Soap Glyfer.- 
TAKE four ounces of foap, diflblved in two 
quarts of warm water, and a handful of fait. 
We refer the reader to page 133, for farther 
obfervations relative to the ufe of this medicine. 
C H AP. XL- 
General ohfervaiions on the "Treatment of Horfes 
after ’violent Exercife. 
tOINCE the cuflom of driving poft chaifes 
k-/ has fo univerfally prevailed, it is no wonder 
that horfes are more fubjedt to hidden deaths, 
and to diforders which fo often terminate fatally; 252 
The Medical Part of 
Specially when we confider the rapidity of their 
travelling, and the ignorance and brutality of 
their drivers. It becomes therefore necefl’ary to 
point out the ill confequenccs of horfes 
catching cold after violent exercife, and par- 
ticularly of their drinking cold water prematurely,, 
when they arc thus heated ; and to lay down fome 
cautionary, and preventive rules, which are 
not properly attended to by the generality. 
Though all agree, that cold water fliould 
never be given to a horfe, while he is hot, or 
foon after violent exercife; Yet few can judge, 
when he is fufficiently cool for that purpofe ; as 
the internal parts may continue heated, and in a 
fteam, long after the fkin appears dry, and 
cool: Hence, a premature indulgence of cold 
water may by its hidden chill, and quantity, 
occafion fleknefs of the flomach, fudden obflruc- 
tions in the veflels of this organ, as well as of 
the lungs, liver, bowels, &c. and from this caufe 
various inflammations, gripes, broken wind,, 
polypi in the velTels, and fpeedy death may en- 
fue, from coagulations thus fuddenly formed in 
the veflels. 
A horse under violent exercife, and for fome 
time after, fliould be conflder’d as in a temporary 
fever; and he continues fo, ’till the increafed 
motion, and heat of the blood abates; which is 
not reduced to a perFedt calm, and natural tem- 
per, fo foon as may be imagined, efpecially in 
hot feafons: for in long continued exercife, the 
blood is extreamly heated, the circulation is 
rapidly carried on, running like a torrent, and Praflical Farriery. 
253 
forcing the blood through the minuted canals: 
the exhaling veflels within are emitted a conflant 
fleam \ whilft the perfpiratory ones without on 
the fkin, are throwing off the fame from every 
part of the furface. 
Under fuch circumftances, let us confider 
what may be the eflFcdb of catching cold un- 
guardedly, or of giving cold water injudicioufly. 
—As we have already animadverted on the for- 
mer in Chap. I. and fhewn it to be of the high- 
eft concern to the welfare of the animal machine, 
we fhail at prefent only confider the latter; and 
obferve that the hidden chill, and weight of a 
quantity of cold water taken at this time, mu ft 
firft affedl the fauces, and gullet through which 
it gaffes; the windpipe, lungs, and all the neigh- 
bouring glands and veffels, muft partake of its 
pernicious effects; the liver, diaphragm, and 
bowels muft be more immediately concerned in 
the ill confeqttence, from the quantity of cold 
water laying almoft in contact with them,—Can 
we on this furvey, and ftate of the vifeera, at 
all wonder at obftru£tions being formed in them 
on thefe occafions, from the hidden conftridtion 
of their veffels and coagulation of the fluids ? 
may not a foundation be thus laid for an incurable 
afthma, and broken wind ? May not the veffels 
of the ftomach, turgid with bicod, and in this 
fervent ftate fuffer from the fame caufe, as well 
as thofe of the liver, bowels, and circumjacent 
parts? Hence a depraved digeftion, the yellows, 
gripes, polypi, pleurify, inflammation, and even 
mortification may enfue, from a hidden obftruc- The Medical Fart of 
tion and concretion of the fluids in the minute 
veflels of thefe organs: Thus vve fee from the 
effects of cold air- without-, and of cold water 
within, fingly, or combined, the word of acute 
diforders may be produced ; and a foundation 
may be laid for many chronical ones alfo, not lefs 
dangerous in their confequence: In fhort per- 
haps to thefe two caufes, the generality of in- 
ternal diforders incident to horfes are principally 
owing. 
To prevent therefore the ill cffeTs which 
arife from them, great care Ihould be taken’that 
horfes after violent exercife be fullered-to cool 
gradually: in the Cummer feafon they may be 
walked about with a cloth over them, for halt 
an hour, or more; but when the weather is 
bad, their bodies and limbs Ihould be well 
rubbed in the liable,, ’till they are quite dry and 
cool, and then be properly cloathed, and litter’d 
up ; a few beans may be thrown into the manger, 
or a warm bran mafh may now be given, and 
fometirne after, half a pail, or more, of tepid 
water; but none Ihould be given cold for fome 
hours. Should the horfe refufe his beans, and 
mafh, and appear faint and languid, an ounce of 
Venice treacle diflTolved in a pint of wine, or beer 
Ihould immediately be given to him, and occa- 
ftonally repeated in a few hours, if the fymp- 
toms continue; the fame quantity of the pe£to- 
ral ball, may he given for that purpofe. But as 
the blood by violent exercife in hot weather, may 
be fo rarefied, as to take up too much room in 
the veiTels ; in fuch cafe, if the horfe be young, 
and full of fldh, a quart, or three pints of blood. Tragical Farriery. 
255 
may be taken away before the above medicines 
are given ; by which means the over didended 
veffels may the fooner recover their tone ; part 
of their fullnefs being thus removed and taken off.. 
Were thefe methods ftri&ly obferved, with 
the dire&ions above laid down in the Chapter of 
Colds, there is no doubt but that mod: horfes 
might be thus faved, who fall a facrifice to im- 
prudence, and a negle£t of thefe obvious cau- 
tions and- fun pie method ; for a free perfpiration, 
and a due degree of the perfpirable matter, are 
of the utmod confequence to health ; and when 
ever any onforefeen accidents occur, capable of 
didurbing or perverting this Important part of 
the animal ceconomy, no lime fhould be loft in 
remedying the flrji and flight eft beginnings of 
mifehief; for we may venture to lay it down ai- 
med as an unerring maxim, that fevers arifing 
from colds which become formidable by delay, 
and multiplied obdru£fions, are in general, as 
eafily got rid on, if treated at fird, in the plain 
and Ample way there laid down, as aimed any 
diforder whatever. 
A Method of difeharging Potfonous Bodies taken 
into the human Stomach. 
The fird intention Ihould be to difeharge 
the poifons by vomiting as foon as poflible, and 
to defend the membranes, and coats of the do-» 
mach from their pungent and corrcfive acrimony. 
The patient therefore fliould refolutely drink 
large quantities of warm water, and oil alter- 
nately, till the poifonous body is diluted and dif- 
charged by vomiting and dools. To encourage 
■the fird operation, an emetic diould be given. The Medical Part of 
which perhaps may be more advantageoufly ta- 
ken after the acrimony of the poifon hath been 
fheathed and blunted; and the coats of the fto- 
mach defended from it’s attacks, by a liberal ufe 
of water and oil, than immediately after it is fwal- 
lowed. By this Ample method refolutely per- 
fcvered in, Dr. Willis of Lincolnjbire, fnatchcd 
a Lady from the jaws of death, who had by mif- 
take fwallowed two drams of euphorbium, and 
the fame quantity of camphor dilTdved in two 
ounces of re&ified fpirit of wine ; but this was 
not effedfed ’til! file had drank above three gal- 
lons of water, and fevcral pints of oil; which, 
with a vomit given, operated alfo by ftool. The 
cafe is publifhed in the philosophical Tranf- 
adfions, and is worthy the perufal of the cu- 
rious ; as it is accurately drawn up, and embel- 
lifhed with obfervations, which Anew the Dr. to 
be as juft a reafoner, as he is an able and ex- 
perienced phyftcian. As this Ample though 
judicious method is in every one’s management, 
we thought it could not be too univerfally 
known. 
We (hall conclude with applying to medi- 
dine, what a late ingenious writer has to philo- 
fophy; That, 
It is genius, and not the want of it, that a- 
■dulterates both, and fills them with error and 
falfe theory. A creative imagination difdains 
the mean office of digging for a foundation, of 
removing rubbiffi, and carrying materials; leav- 
ing thefe fervile employments to the drudges, in 
feience, it plans a defign, and raifes a fabric. 
Invention fupplifes materials where they are Fracllcal FarrierV. 
257 
wanting, and fancy adds colouring, and every 
befitting ornament. The work pleafes the eye, 
and wants nothing but folidity and a good founda- 
tion. It feems even to vie with the works of 
nature, till the envious blafl: of fome fucceeding 
architect blows it into atoms, that he may build' 
as goodly a fabric of his own in it’s place.—lf 
therefore to unravel the caufe of every difeafe, 
is not in the power of the human mind ; if the 
labyrinth is too intricate, and the thread too fine, 
to be traced through all it’s windings ; would it 
not be afting more prudently to fupprefs vain cu- 
riofity, and not prefume to fly on the wings of 
fancy, into the fecret receflfes of nature ? Had 
the generality of phyficians, w'ho for ages paft, 
have racked their brains to no purpofe, in order 
to difcover remote and latent caufes, made Ample 
and obvious effe&s the rule and fcope of their 
refearches, what a fund of ufeful knowledge 
would have been amafled by this time. 
It may feem ftrange that in fo long a period* 
they fliould not have perceived that they have no 
adequate faculties for fuch fublime enquiries, 
but that all the truly ufeful knowledge they can 
ever hope to gain, is only to be had from obfer- 
vation and experience ; every thing clfe being 
liable to be controverted, as exiting only in ima- 
gination.—And, if from this quarter folely, can 
be derived any degree of certainty in the hu- 
man body, we may juftly conclude that the fame 
reafon will equally hold good in that of the brute 
creation; and that from fedulous obfervation, and 
experiment only, we can hope to make a due 
progrefs in the Art of Farriery. 258 
The Medical Part of, Sec. 
The Gentleman Farrier’s 
Elaboratory. Should confift of 
GLyfter fyringc 
Pipe and bladder 
Tile and bolus knife 
Scales and weights. 
Mortars, and funnels 
Medicines ready com- 
pounded. 
Venice treacle 
Lenitive electuary 
Tincture of fenna: 
Snake root powder’d 
Elicampane powder 
Oil of amber 
Quickfilver 
Fennel feeds: 
Anifeeds frefli 
of cloves 
powder’d 
Chamomile flowers 
Gum ammoniacum; 
of rhubarb 
PeCtoral ball 
Cordial Powder 
Aromatic fpice 
Oxymel of fquills 
Antimonial wine or beer 
Tinfiture of opium- 
Hiera picra 
Diafcordium fpecies 
Syrup of buckthorn 
Fever powder 
Drugs. 
Aloes Succotorine and 
■ Alia foetida 
Spanijh flies 
Liquorice root 
Ditto powder’d- 
Ditto SpaniJJo juice: 
Linfeed oil 
Factitious cinnabar 
Antimony levigated. 
iEthiops mineral 
Tin powder’d 
Gum Arabic 
Tar Barhadoes 
French barley 
Squills powder’d 
Sugar of lead 
Bark of Peru 
Barbadocs 
Purging falls 
Cream of tartar 
Senna leaves 
Opium 
Saffron 
Rhubarb 
Nitre 
Flower of brimflone 
Euphorbium fublimate 
Grains of Paradife 
Gum guaiacum 
Gentian root. 
Salt of tartar 
Calomel 
Jalap powder’d 
Turmeric powder’d An Explanation of fome ‘Terms of Arty 
according to the Author's meaning. 
A. 
V/>r‘rlO!Ol{ BRAD ED, thrown off, dif- 
W " ' folved. 
V A AhfceJJ'es, fwellings with mat- 
'■m y£ ter. 
yjy£‘sy/.y£' Ah [orient, fuch as imbibe, or 
luck up. 
Abforking vejfels, whofe orifices He on the 
fur face of the fkin, and convey external 
remedies into the blood. 
Abforption, fucking up fluids which have es- 
caped the veflels. 
Accelerated, quicken’d, pufh’d forward. 
Accumulation, colleding, or gathering toge- 
ther. 
Acrid, fharp, acrimonious, corroding. 
Acrimonious, which eat, diffolve, and de- 
ft roy 
Actual Cautery, or hot iron. 
Adheflve, flicking clofe. 
Adipofe, fatty. 
Agaric, a fpungy fubftance growing on oakr. An Explanation of 
Agglutination, growing together. 
Aloetic, prepared with aloes. 
Alterative, which gradually alter and change 
the fluids 
Amputation, cutting of limbs. 
Animal (Economy, The nature, fituation, 
powers, and ufes of the feveral parts, whe- 
ther folid or fluid of the body of an ani- 
mal. 
Animated, made warm, or quicken’d 
Anadine, eafmg, or quieting pain. 
Anomalous, irregular. 
Aneurifms, dilatations, or burfting of arteries.. 
Anus, the fundament. 
Aux iI ia riss, a fli ft ant s. 
Aorta, the great artery, which rifes immedi- 
ately out of the left ventricle of the heart. 
Aperient, gentle purgative. 
Aponeurotic, nervous, or expanfio-n of nerves 
or tendons. 
Arteries, veffels which convey the blood to 
all parts of the body. 
Ajiringent, binding. 
Attemperate, to moderate, qualify. 
Attenuate, to make thin or fluid. 
B. 
Baftsi the foundation, or eflential parts. 
Biliary duJh, which circulate the bile. 
Eats, a fbcrt worm, generated in horfes. 
Brachial, of the arm. 
Bronchial, or air veffels of the lungs. fom 'Terms of Art. 
c. 
Callofttles, harden’d, and thicken’d parts. 
Calcine, or burnt to allies. 
Camphorated, impregnated with camphire, 
which is a diftillation from an indian tree. 
Canals, all hollow veflels, through which the 
fluids of a body pafs, and repafs, fuch as 
arteries, veins, fife. 
Capillary veffels, are thofe which are the fi- 
neft and fmalleft branches, many of which 
are much fmaller than a hair. 
Cataract, a difeafe of the eye, where the 
rays of light cannot pervade the chryflaline 
humour. 
Carotid arteries, run up the neck to the head. 
Cartilage, a griftly fubflance which covers 
the extremity of bones. 
Cavernous, running deep under the flefh. 
Caufics, eating, or destroying medicines. 
Cellular Membrane, or tella Cellulofa, is that 
part under the fkin, that is inflated by 
butchers; it lines the mufcles, fife, is the 
feat of inflammations, fharp humours, 
and matter. 
Channels, all hollow veflels, through which 
the fluids of a body pafs, and repafs. 
Charge, an external application to a horfe. 
Chronical diforders, are fuch as laft a great 
while, in oppofltion to acute diforders, 
which terminate foon in death or recove- 
. ry‘ 
Chryjlalline humour, one of the humours 
within the eye, naturally tranfparent like 
chryftal. An Explanation of 
Chyle, is that white juice which the food is 
immediately converted into by digeftion, 
and of which the blood is made. 
Corroborative, ftrengthening. 
Coagulated, congealed, thicken’d 
Coagulum, or cake of blood. 
Coagulation, forming clods or cakes. 
Collateral, running by the Tides. 
Collapfe, fall together, clofe up. 
Comprefs, a boulfter of folded linen. 
Concreted, congealed, or clotted, 
Condenfed, thicken’d, impaffable. 
Congealed, thicken’d. 
Congenial, friendly, agreeable, fimilar. 
Confolidated, or united into one body; as a 
great number of the particles of flour are 
confolidated by water into a loaf j or ma- 
ny threads by being twifted into one rope. 
Conjlringe, to bind up. 
Contufwns, or bruifes. 
Cornea, or external membrane of the eye. 
Corroftve, eating, deflroying. 
Corrofivenefs, the deflroying, eating quality. 
Crifis, or termination of a difeafe. 
Crural, of the leg. 
Curb, a fwelling below the hock. 
Cutaneous, belonging to the (kin. 
D. 
Defenfative, which defends the parts from 
humours. 
Depleted, emptied. 
Depleting, unloading, emptying. fome Terms of Art. 
Detergent, cleaning. 
Diapente, a compofition of five ingredients. 
Diaphragm, or midriff, which divides the 
two cavities of the cheft and belly. 
Diaphoretic, caufing perfpiration and fweat. 
Dilated, inlarged, widen’d, overftretched. 
Di/cufs, to difperfe. 
Difcutient, fuch as diffolve or difperfe hu- 
Diffipated, difperfed. 
Difraflion, dragging or tearing 
Diuretic, promoting urine. 
mours. 
E. 
Effufed, poured out of the veffels. 
Ela/iicity, is that fpringinefs of an animal 
fibre, when ftretched out, which reflores 
Embrocation, the fluid, with which any d'if- 
eafed part is waffled. 
Emollient, fuch as foften, fupple, and relax 
the fibres. 
Encomiums, praifes, commendations. 
Efchars, hard Houghs, or cruffs. 
Effential, made of plants. 
Eryftpelas, or St. Anthony's fire. 
Excrefcencies, growing out of fubftances. 
Excretions, the feparation of humours from 
the blood. 
Exhaling veffels, which are conflantly emit- 
ting a fleam. 
Exhalation, fleam, vapour, perfpiration. 
itfelf to its former ftate. An Explanation of 
Exfude, to fweat, or ouze out of. 
Extravafated, got out of its proper veffels. 
Extravafation, efcaping out of the veffels. 
Extraneous, foreign, external. 
Exuded, ouzed through. 
F. 
Fatid, {linking, or corrupted. 
Farinaceous, mealy, as of oats, or other 
grain. 
Fauces, the mouth and throat. 
Fermentation, fermenting like yeaft. 
Febrile impetus, the force of the fever. 
Fibers, the fmalleft threads of an animal bo- 
dy, of which the flefh is compofed. 
Filaments, little threads. 
Flatulent, arifing from wind. 
Flatulencies, diforders arifing from wind. 
Fluids, the diiTerent juices of an animal bo- 
dy’ 
Fluxion, or flowing of humours. 
Friftion, rubbing, or chafing the part. 
Fungi, foft, fpungy excrefcencies. 
Fungous, foft, fpungy. 
Fife, to thin, and liquify. 
G. 
Gangrened, or mortified. 
Gelatinous, of the confiftence of jelly. 
Gleet, a thin matter iffuing from a fore. 
Globules, globes, or particles. 
Glutinous, gluey, clammy. fame Terms of Art. 
Granulations, the firfl; fhootings of flefli, 
Grumous, running into cakes. 
H. 
Hamaflatics, treating of the blood and fluids. 
Hydrophobia, or dread of water, 
jUypotbefisj conjecture, plaufible guefs. 
I. 
Ichor, a thin, indigefted matter, 
llluflon, falfe reprefentation. 
Impafied, driven in, confined. 
Impells, drives, or forces forward. 
Impregnated, foaked, or drank in. 
Incorporated, imbodied, or mixt with. 
Induration, hardnefs. 
Inflammation, a fweiling attended with heat 
and pain. 
Inflated, fwelled with wine. 
Inftpient, a dull heavy ftate. 
Infpiffated, the thickening of a flud 
Integument, or covering. 
Interjlices, the vacuities between the fibres 
and mufcles, and their furrounding mem- 
branes, are fo called. 
Intejiin.es, the bowels, or guts. 
Invigorated, flrengthen’d. 
Jnfpijfated, thicken’d. 
Irritable, difturbed, fubje& to irritation. 
Jordan, a fweiling on the outfide the hock. 
juices, the fluids of the body in general. An Explanation of 
L. 
Lachrymal points, the tubes* or canals which 
convey the tears from the eye to the nofe. 
Laffeal vejfels, convey the chyle, which they 
abforb from the bowels into the blood. 
Lethargy, or fleeping evil. 
Ligature, tying up with needle and thread. 
Ligaments, ftrong bodies, which tye the 
bones together. 
Longitudinal growth, ceafes when a perfon 
has attain’d his full heighth or tallnefs. 
Luxuriant, too quick, or forward. 
Lymphatic vejfels, are thofe, wherein the 
thin watery part of the blood only circu- 
lates. 
M. 
Maturation, coming to matter. 
Mechanifm. The body of an animal, is. 
Medium, an interpofing body. 
Membranes, are broad, thin parts of the body, 
which are compofed of a great number of 
fmall veffels clofely wove together, cover- 
ing the bowels, mufcles, fife. 
Mercurial, compofed of Mercury. 
Mifcihle, eafdy mixed with. 
Mollifying, Toftening, fuppling. 
Molten greafe, a difeafe where the fat is 
melted down. 
Morbid, a fickly ftate. 
Mucilaginous, flimy, fmooth. 
Mucus, the vifeous matter which lines the 
guts, and defends them from fharp bo- 
dies. Jome Terms of Art. 
267 
N. 
Nerves, the organs of fenfation. 
Nutritious, which nourifh the parts. 
o. 
Obf ruffian, when the particles of the fluid 
cannot pafs through the canals, which 
they ought in a natural (late to pals 
through. 
Obf rufled, choaked up. 
Opaque, obfcure; not tranfparent. 
Operationsworkings of. 
p. 
Palliate, to keep at a {land. 
Paralitic, {truck with the palfy. 
Pefloral, belonging to the breafl. 
Perceptive, feeling. 
Periodical, that comes at Hated times. 
Peritonaeum, the membrane lining the inhdc 
of the belly. 
Perfpirable, belonging to perfpiration. 
Perfpiratives, increasing perfpiration. 
Perfpiration, an infenfible exhalation, or 
breathing out of humours from the pores 
of the Ikin. 
Pervious, paflable, eafy to be pafled. 
Phenomena, are particular appearances wor- 
thy our notice and attention. 
Plenitude, fullnefs of the veffcls. 268 
An Explanation of 
Pleura, the membrane lining the infidc of 
the cheft. 
Polypus, blood caked in the vefiels. 
Ponderous, heavy, weighty. 
Polypy, blood coagulated in the vefiels. 
Pores, are the outlets of the (kin. 
Propelling, driving forward. 
Pulmonary, belonging to the lungs. 
Purulcncy, where matter is formed. 
Pus, the matter formed in a fore, or fwelling. 
Putrefaction, rot!: nnefs tending to deft ruction. 
Putrefcent, tending to putrify. 
Putrid, corrupted, rotten. 
Pyramidal, in the (hape of a pyramid, or 
fugar loaf. 
R. 
Raked, extra&ing the dung by the hand out 
of the anus, or fundament 
Ramifications., or branches of vefiels. 
Rarefaflion, taking up more room. 
Re Bum, the lafi: gut in a horfe. 
Redundancy, abounding, fuperfluity. 
Remora, a retarder. 
Repellents, medicines which allay the (wel- 
ling by driving the humours from the 
part. 
Refoivent, difiolving the fluids, or reducing 
them to their natural date. 
Refringents, contracting, binding medi- 
cines. 
s. 
Saliva, that juice which is feparated by the fame \Terms of Art. 
269 
glands in the mouth, generally called (pit- 
tie. 
Saline, or abounding in fairs. 
Salivation, producing a fpitting. 
Sanguineous, abounding with blood more 
than any other humour. 
Sanious, a thin, ill condition’d difeharge. 
Saponaceous, of the nature of foap. 
Scarifying, cutting with a knife. 
Secretory duels, which convey the urine. 
Scrum, the thin, watery part of the blood. 
Setons, are artificial fores, produced by paf- 
fing a proper needle, armed with fdk 
thread, or horfe hair through the ikin. 
Sheaths, coverings, in which tendons Aide 
ea fy. 
Sloughs, the corrupted, or dead flefh in lores. 
Solicit, fibres of the vefiels. 
Sophi(lseated, adulterated, debated by nun;r- 
ling. 
Spa)ms, unnatural contractions of vefTels. 
Spafmodic, cdnvuluve, or involuntary moti- 
on. 
Spafmodic, contracting. 
Spafmodic, violent drawings of the parts out 
of their place. 
Spafmuli, flight irritations. 
Spavin, a bony excrefcence on horfe’s limbs. 
Specific gravity, is the peculiar gravity, that 
any fpecies of natural bodies have, i'o as to 
diftingmfh them from all other natural bo- 
dies of different kinds. 
Speculation, theory, or ffudy without prac- 
tice. 270 
An Explanation of 
Staggers, a difeafe of the head, where the 
horfe reels and tumbles down. 
Stagnation, or fcoppage, for want of free 
courfe. 
Stimulating, or irritating the veffels by prick- 
ing them gently. 
Stricture, a clofure by contraction. 
Stump, the extreme part of a limb cut off. 
Styptic, binding up, flopping bleeding. 
ISublimate, a preparation of folid matter, by 
fire. 
Suppurate, or make matter. 
T. 
Tenacious, clammy, flicky. 
Tendons, are the hard ends of the muffles. 
which are vulgarily called chords, finews. 
Tenfton, the firetching out of a part. 
Tepid, hike, or milk warm. 
Theory, is the art of bringing many fuppofed 
facts into one view, and after having rea- 
fon’d about them, aliening that fuch and 
fuch probable confequences do refult from 
the allowed faCts fo compared; which 
confeauences may, or may not be true. 
Thoracick duct, is that tube, wherein the laCle- 
al veffels depofit the chyle, to be convey- 
ed into the blood. 
Tone of the vefels, their proper elaflic power : 
There are certain firings, or fibres in 
the body, which may be wound up or let 
loofe, like the firings of a mufical inftru- 
ment. When they are become too fliff. fome Terms of Art. 
271 
they are laid to be wound up too high ; 
when they are not wound high enough, 
they are fuppofed to be relaxed : when 
they be in either of thefe {fates, they are 
faid to have an undue tone, or tendon. 
When they are neither too ft iff, or too 
loofe, they have then their due and pro- 
per tone. 
*Topical, applied to a particular part. 
Tubercles, knotty fwellings in the lungs. 
V. 
Variolous, belonging to the finall pox, or any 
contagion of the blood. 
V afcular fyjlem, viz. of veft’elsin general. 
Vehicle, or liquor to convey a medicine. 
Vena cava, the large ft vein of the body, 
which returns the blood to the heart. 
Vifcera, the bowels or internal parts. 
Vibrations, ftnking like chords. 
Vicidity, glutinous, ropy. 
Vi feus, any bowel within the body. 
Vifcid, grown thick, or Clammy. 
Vitiated, tainted, difeafed ftate. 
u. 
Unbridling, releafing, eafing parts confined. 
Unfixous, oily, greafy, fatty. THE 
INDEX. 
A. 
/| mineral, good againft ‘worms, 
I\ “j forfeits, mange, hide-hound, molton- 
greafe, and complaints occafioned by the Iharp- 
nefs of the juices 239. Another direction for 
rendering the composition the more powerful 
in the above complaints, and in old coughs, 
proceeding from obll:ruction& in the lungs, 240 
Alterative, a mercurial, fee mercurial alterative- 
ball 225. Another 227 
■— a ball, recommended by Dr. Bracken 
228. Another when the horfe is hide-bound, 
and his hair is of an end ib. 
purges, recommended by Mr. Gibfon 
for a gentle operation by uiine and dung 241 
-obfervations on them ib. 
Anhalt Water, ufeful in complaints of the 
cholic, gravel, and for ftrengthening the fto- 
mach, &c. 78. and removing of old Pains 70 274 
INDEX, 
Animal ceconomy, neceffary to be acquainted witfe 
1 
Animals, obfervations on their growth, &c. 54 
———declination accounted for ib. 
Anodine glytter, againft violent griping and purg- 
ing, occafioned by ihong aloetic purges 201 
Antimonial wine or beer, this preparation is pof- 
felTed of all the virtues oi’ antimony, and is re- 
commended in cafes where the powders have 
been prefcribed 211 
ball of, ufeful in correfting the humours and 
blood 22 6 
Antimony, liver of, its ufe againft the farcy-buds 
61 
Antimonial eethiops 239 
■ enters the lafleals of horfes 240 
Arquebufade, directions for making it, of ufe in 
difpd 1 ing fzvelUngs, cure of /grains, cleanfing. 
and healing ulcers and wounds, particularly 
thofe from gun-pots 34 
Arcseus liniment 31 
good for f rep wounds ib. 
how it operates 32 
./Egyptiacum 33 
proper for foul ulcers, /pecks in the 
mouth, and morti/cations ib, 
Atmofphere, the removal of, occaftons livid fpots 
99 
B. 
Back finews, a ftrain in, a poultlfe for S 
Ball, a nitre, ufeful agalnft the firft attack of a 
cold ox fever I $o 
.—again ft coughs 1-71 
—a gain ft a dry cough ih. 
•—an efficacious one i7a INDEX. 
275 
Ball, againft an ohjlinate cough 173 
—againft a dry cough and ajlhma 174. Another 
ih. 
■—againft broken-wind 175 
—againft the mad-f aggers and convulfions xBo 
—againft the lethargy, with other directions to 
be obferved 182 
•—againft the hots in the ftomach, with directions 
184 
—of hiera picra, to be given as a warm ftomach- 
purge to horfes whole corn pafles indigefted, 
and generates hots and worms \ 87 
—againft cojlivenefs 193 
—an opening or drink, neceftary when the horfe 
is lb loofe as to difcharge Jlime and greafe 195 
.—purging, againft worms 202 
—a mercurial, to be added when neceftary to the 
preparation for killing hots and worms 203 
—purging, againft thz jaundice 218. Another 
ib. A cheaper for the fame ib. 
—an opening, againft the jaundice; efficacious 
in the firft complaints ib. 
>■—againft an ohft.inv.te Jautidice 219 
—a ftrengthening againft internal hruifes ih. 
—againftpijfing blood 220 
—foap, this is Mrs. Stevens's medicine Improved 
by Dr. Hartley, of great ufe in obftruCtions of 
the urinary pajfages 221 
-—a ftrengthening 222 
—a diuretic or pijjing, of ufe in opening the 
palfages of the kidneys, dropjical cafes and 
J'welled legs, greafe, &c. 223 
'—againft furfeits, recommended as an excellent 
remedy in obftruCtions of the urinary pajfages; 
dropftes, fwelled legs, greafe, &c. 224 IND E X 
Ball, hemlock, of life in glandular-fwellings and 
cancers, recommended by Dr. Storck 224 
—a mercurial alterative, of ufe in very obfinate 
cafes, as the farcin. Sec, with diredions necef- 
fary to be confulted 225 
—antirnonial, of ufe in correding the hlood and 
humours 226 
•—a mercurial alterative,formed on the preferipti- 
on of Bellofe's-pill, ferviceable in ohftinatg 
furfeits, and for removing flying-lamenefjes 
occahoned by ftzey-hlood 227 
•—alterative, recommended by Dr. Bracken 228. 
Another ih. both of ufe for horfes that are 
hide-hound, and whofe hair frauds an end ih. 
—nitre with caraphire, is very powerful in remo- 
ving obftrudions, and to promote difeharges by 
perfpiration and urine 229. (See the account of 
nitre) ib. 
•—Diuretic, againft Greafe 230 
•—to ftrengthen the ftomach, when a hoxfepaiTes 
his corn undigefed, or is infefted with worms 
231 
•—Markhams, of ufe in colds and coughs ib. 
—Brackens, cordial, for cold and coughs, when 
unattended with heat and inflammations 232 
—diuretic, ib. Another 233. both ufeful for 
carrying oft diforders through the palfages of 
the kidneys ib. 
•—for quickening the operation of phyfic 245 
Balfaih, one little inferior to the Friar s, ufeful 
for frefh wounds, particularly on the joints, 
tendons and membranes 40 
Bate's anodine 94 
-fulphurated 104 
Bandages and rowlers, how effe&ual in ftrains; 
the ufe of which fhould never be negledted 93 Barley water with oil, a preparation for a dry 
cough 154 
Baume de commandeur, or balfain of Berne, 
Wade, Friar's or Jefuits drops, by all thele dif- 
ferent names it has been called, of ule in clean- 
ing and healing wounds and ulcers, aifpelling 
cold tumours and allaying rheumatic pains. 
Internally ior warming and (Ircngthening the 
flomach and bowels, expelling wind and remo- 
ving complaints in the cholic 77 
Bathing the legs and feet with warm water, of 
great ufe when travelling 21 
Bee’s-lting, how to he treated 140 
Bern's balfam, (fee baume de commandeur) 77 
Bites of Infefts, directions for treating 140 
Bites from a mad dog, a method of cure 129 
the cure of, when horfes are bitten 131 
• how to cure, when dogs are bitten ib. 
Dr. James's method of cure ih. Cauterizing 
the wounds, ufeful 131 
cure of, by the tonquin remedy 133 
cure of, by Dr. Mead’s remedy ih. 
Bites from a viper, how to be treated 134. Ex- 
periments on, made before the royalfociety ib. 
of the rattle-Jnake, a mixture for, invented 
INDEX. 
277 
by a negroe 141 
Bitter Apple mixed with oil, good again ft hots 
2 °3 
Black bafllicon 28 
Bleecing,’ a ftyptic againft; which, when ufed 
with a proper pre flu re or bandage, is of ufe in 
flopping of blond 105. For the manner of its 
operation, (fee the remarks) ih. 
-—■ internally, ftopt, chiefly by evacuations 
221 
Styptic medicines, have in general but lit- 
tle lhare ib.  INDEX, 
Bleeding, repeated, how it operates 221 
• its life in many cafes 148 
• forae necelfary directions about, parti- 
cularly in diforders of the lungs 166 
Bliftering ointment, ufeful in old lameneffes and 
Jiiffnefs in the joints and tendons 45 
Blifters, how they operate. ih. 
how ufed 46 
. when necelfary ih. 
Blood, how broken in the lungs 2, 
-—how formed, and circulates 3 
■—from the heart, through arteries ih. 
—to the heart, through veins ih. 
—the force in dying animals 149 
Blood fpavins and ‘wind-galls, a fomentation for 
... . 99 
—attended with a flux, a drink againft 197 
—velfels, obfervations on their ligatures 106 
Bloody flux in the human body, a moll valuable 
recipe againft 197 
Bowels and ftomach, a Balfam for ftrengthening 
and warming 78 
Bots in the ftomach, ball againft, with directions 
necelfary for removing them 184 
—how treated ih. 
—fuffocated by oil 185 
•—how they breathe ih. 
—a remedy againft, long lince mentioned by Ri- 
verius, with the ligns by which the animal is 
known to be effected with them or worms ih. 
—a glyfter for deftroying thofe in the anus 203 
i—effectually deflroyed by the fumigation of to- 
bacco ih. 
*—by the bitter apple, infufed in oil ih. Direc- 
tions necelfary to be followed to prevent a re- 
turn ih. INDEX. 
279 
Bracken’s, (Dr.) his cordial-ball for colds and 
coughs, when free of heat and inflammation 
232 
Broken-wind, a ball againft 175 
Bruifes, fudden, a poultice for 5 & 7 
on the eye 24 
on the limbs, withers and back, a fomen- 
tation for 88 
and ftrains, a general embrocation for the 
firft application 89. Another, a great aflrin- 
gent to be ufed as the other ib. Another 88. 
Another for new ftrains ib. Another for old 
ftrains, to be ufed when the Jwelling and in- 
flammation has abated 91 
a difcutient remedy againft, ufeful in dif- 
perfing the bruifed matter and reducing the 
fwelling 96. Another 97 
fome general remarks on, Ihewing their 
nature and how to be treated, with the diffe- 
rent ftages of their appearance, the ufa of vi- 
negar and rollers in thefe accidents, &c. 97 
Bruiles on the withers, when attended with hoc 
watery pimples; a difcutient waft for 116. 
When of a new appearance may be removed by 
a hot diflo-clout, or a wifp of hay dipped in vi- 
negar and cold water, either to be prefled 
down with the furcingle ib. A repellent waft 
for, which may be depended on ib. 
Buckthorn, firop of. Its ufe in quickening a dif- 
charge by phyfec, which is advifed to have rea- 
dy at hand 247 
Burns, fcalds, &c. directions for treating them 
in their different ftages 115. The difcutient 
walh recommended, when the Jkin remains en- 
tire u6 INDEX 
c. 
Calomel, its life In the recovery of moon-blind- 
nefi ... 53 
Camphorated fpirits of wine, ufeful to affift a 
languid circulation and to feparate the dead 
flefh from the found, in fomentations 86 
■— of ufe in ftrains, when the firft inflam- 
mation is removed by embrocations 89 
Cancers, Plunkeds remedy againll 62 
Canker in the foot, a remedy for 99. With 
fome account of the procedure 100 
in the mouth, a mixture for, with direc- 
tions for the management of the cure 117 
CataraCls, what 124 
Cauflics, great ufe of them in farriery 65 
Cautery, the aClual, recommended to be applied 
to the part bitten by a mad-dog 131 
-the ufefulnefs of it in farrieryy particu- 
larly in old lamenefs 47 
how it operates ih. 
formerly much ufed in furgery ib. 
performed great cures ib. 
Chamber-lee, its ufe in bathing the hoofs of hor- 
fes when inclined to rottennefs 56 
Charge, a cold one, which is fometimes prefera- 
ble to poultices in fudden flrains of the ten- 
dons 26 
Cheft, difeafes in 166 
Cholic, a remedy for, (i’ee Anhalt-'water) 78 
the wind, glyfter againft, with fome di- 
rections neceffary to be confidered 1 89 
how treated ib. 
by cooling purges 192 
• -hot medicines to be avoided 189 INDEX. 
281 
Cholic, oil Ihould be mixed with them iQo 
bleeding necefiary ib. 
■ raking often proper 191 
opiates fometimes ufeful 192 
Chyle, what and how prepared 2 
Cold duffinas condemned 20 
—charges 26 
—when and how applied ib. 
—a general drink for 147 
—nitre balls, very efficacious in, firft bleeding^o, 
or the folution ib. 
—a fine foftening glyjler for 1 52. Some directi- 
ons about explaining its value and ufe 1 53 
.—pedloral drink againft coughs, attended with a 
fever, is of ufe in coughs where the cheit ap- 
pears to be affected ; being a fine foftener, and 
when the cough is dry, a preparation of oil and 
larley-voater is directed 154. Another for the 
fame 1 55 
Coilicky complaints, a half am for removing 77 
Cooling repellent ointment >. 41 
Chorded veins, a mixture againft, with direction^ 
JI9 
Cordial powder, very useful to give a horfe when 
fatigued with hard exercife, threatened with a 
cholic from drinking cold water, or when turn- 
ed into the Jlahle, is iuffsred to have his fweat 
cooled on him 168 
Cordial a warm one, under the title of Aromatic 
fpices, or London treacle, ufeful when wind 
effedls the bowels or Jlomach, from a checked 
perfpiration 169 
Coftivenefs, a hall againft 193 
Coughs, (fee a variety of remedies for) 171. A 
hall againft a dry one 172 
belt treated at tirft by bleeding, and nitre 
148 & 166 282 
INDEX 
Coughs, nope6l oral medicines Ihould be given ’till 
the fever is gone 170 
Cough, a ball tor removing 171. An efficacious 
ball recommended by Dr. Bracken 172. Againft; 
an obftinate one 173. Againft a dry cough 
171. Another for the fame 1 74. A drink a- 
gainft a dry one, efficacious in an old one, and 
broken-wind 175. A dry one fee JEthiop's 
antimonial ■ 239 
Cracked, or fvsslled heels, a poultice for 5. An 
ointment for 45 
Cracks in the hoof’ a healing ointment again!!, 
when they are deep 60. Another, and ufeful 
to anoint brittle hoofs ih. 
Curbs, when newly formed, a mercurialplaifler 
againft 69. When otherwife, to be removed 
by blifiering and firing only 70 
Curriers ffiavings, their ufe in poultices 9 
D. 
Daffy's elixir, or tincture of fenna for diforders 
in the bowels, attended with mortifications 195 
Death, the natural caufe accounted for 55 
Defenfitive plaifter, ufed in violent f rains 68 
Diapente powder, a cordial ufeful in theyellows, 
and other diforders arihng from a fiuggijh ftate 
of the fluids 169 
Diafcordiarn, a powder proper to be given after 
evacuation has been had 200 
Difcutient remedy againfl: bruifes, this is ufeful in 
difpelling the bruifedmatter, and to reduce the 
Jewelling 96. Another 97 
water for the eyes, neceflary to be ufed 
when the firtt inflammation is removed 122 
Dilh-clout, a hot one, of ufe in recent bruifes of the •withers, to be bound to the part by the 
furcingle 1 16 
Diuretic, or pijftng-drink 207 
a powerful one, calculated for a paralitic 
attack in the glands of the kidneys 208 
drink in complaints of the kidneys ' 216 
ball againft gleets 230. Two others for re- 
moving complaints through the kidneys 233 
Directions for difcharging poifon taken into the 
Jiomach 255 
Dover's fweating powder, fee Wards 
Drawing medicines, danger of 6 
Drinks, remarks on, (hewing their great ufe in 
removing dangerous complaints by urine 152 
Drink, a general one for a cold 147 
—a cooling one, ufeful on the flrft attack of a 
fever / 150 
—an opening one for the fame caufe ib. 
—a peCtoral, this mixed with nitre, is ufeful in 
fevers, attended with a cough and forenefs in 
the cheft 1 54. But when the cough is dry, bar- 
ley water and oil are to be added ib. Another 
for the fame 1 5 3 
—a neutral, ufeful in fevers, as it cools and Tot- 
tens the fluids, which may be given with the 
fame fuccefs as fait of wormwood, when the 
fever is not too high, and unattended with a 
cough and inflammation 1 36 
■—a warm one, very neceftary in fevers, in the 
defeCt of perfpiration, and when the coat ap- 
pears rough and flaring; and ufeful to bring 
fevers to a crifts ib. 
—againft a malignant fever, its ufe is to accele- 
rate the crifls, when the fpirits are exhaufted 
INDEX. 
283 
157 
—camphire, of fervice in very obfHnate fevers 284 
160. and when mixed with nitre, is ufeful a- 
gain ft. benumbed limbs > ih. 
Drink againft a dry cough, this has been found 
very efficacious in old coughs and hroken-wind 
INDEX. 
175 
—againft the flaggers 1 79 
•—againft the flaggers, attended with the yellows 
180 
—for the ftomach, a great ftrengthener, and will 
contribute to mend the appetite 187 
—an opening one, againft the gripes, with other 
prefcriptions neceffary to be ufed in this com- 
plaint 188 
—againft the gripes, attended with the Jirangury 
190 
—againfl the gripes, when attended with violent 
pains 192 
.—a cooling opening one againfl; the gripes, when 
violent and occasioned by coftivenefs, or when 
an inflammation is apprehended ih. 
—againfl; a mortification of the bowels : the figns 
by which this dlforder is difcovered 193 
—an opening one, neceffary when there is a dif- 
charge offlime and greafe 195 
—a reflringent, which when mixed with foft 
chalk, will reduce the humours to a proper con- 
fiftence 196 
—another, ufeful to recover the tone of the 
bowels when infeebled and relaxed, and to 
recover their ftrength ih. 
—againfl; a flux with blood 197 
•—againfl: over-purging 199 
—againfl; the jaundice 204. Another ih. 
—againfl: profufe ftaling 205. Another ih. 
—againfl; the flrangury 206. with directions ne- 
ceflary to be confulted 207 
’—againfl: pifling ih. A general pijflng one 208 INDEX. 
Drink, againft venemous bites 209 
—a fweetening drink 210 
—againft the yellows 212 
—againft purftvenefs, or thick-wind ib. 
—Mr s. Stevens’ s 213 
—turpentine, recommended by Dr. Bracken in 
the Sciatica, or lamenefs of the hip 214 
—againft the jaundice 215 
—diuretic 216 
—to promote the working of phyjic 245 
—againft the gripes, from phyjic 247 
—a general, for a cold 147 
Drophcal complaints, howaffiftedbyfcarification 
67 
Drowned Perlons, a method to recover them 141. 
perfons, how recovered ib. 
by rowling the body ib. 
by fridion 142 
by tobacco glyjler ib. 
by inflating the lungs 143 
by cutting the wind pipe ib. 
Death fligns of, fallacious 143 
—putrefadion only, the moft certain 144 
Dry-lint, a good drefilng 29 
E. 
Elicampane, often fuccefsful In removing 
that have newly appeared 61 
Embrocation, a general one, for the firft applica- 
tion againft bruifes and drains 89, An aftrin- 
gent for the fame 90, Another ib. 
for freih drains 91 
for old ftrains, which may be ufed after the 
firft inflammation and Jwelling has been remo- 
ved ib. 
■camphorated {pints of wine 93. ufeful in 286 
INDEX 
flrains, when the inflammation is firft abated 
by the embrocation in 90 
Embrocation, faponaceous, or opadeldoc, ufe- 
ful in cold fwellings, occafioned by thick hu- 
mours 94. and of ule in flrains, after th£ re- 
moval of the inflammation ib. 
-Bates’s anodine ib. 
• againft the palfey 96 
•againft the lockt-jaw 182 
Eruptions and itchings in the fkin, a general al- 
terative powder againft 238 
Eruptions in the Ikin, a difcutient wafh for 121 
Ethiop’s mineral, a remedy againft worms 202 
Excrefcencies, bony, that have newly appeared, 
an ointment to remove them 61. but if of a 
long Handing, fee the diredions 64 
Extravafated blood, a poultice for difpelling 8 
Eye, a liniment for, ufeful againft deflations and 
inflammations, and a very efficacious repellent 
48. Sir Hans Sloane's medicine for removing 
films and /pots from the eye 50. Dr. Mead's 
ointment for the fame purpofe 51. General 
remarks on, particularly that fpecies of Blind- 
nefs, called moon-blindnefs, and the beft man- 
ner of treating it with mercurial medicines 52 
-—-calomel, of ufe in the fame complaint 53. 
When wounded, an ointment for 56. When 
attended with a flux of humours, fee ointment 
of tutty 63 
-—when from an internal caufe, mercury the on- 
ly remedy 53 
—that of moon blindnefs, how produced 123 
—fymptoms defcribed ib, 
—catarad what 124 
—why fpeciflcks are abfurd 125 
—a fomentation for, when attended with great INDEX. 
287 
pain, flux and inflammation 86. When infla- 
med a fomentation for 88 
Eye, a cooling water for, very proper for inflamed 
eyes, attended with a weeping, with fome ne- 
ceffary directions 121. A difcutient eye-water, 
very proper after the inflammation has abated 
122. A detergent eye-water, very efficacious, 
and when applied for fome time, will remove 
Jpecks and other films 125 
F. 
Farcy buds, an ointment againft, with further 
directions for the cure 61 
—a walh for 118. Another ih. Bran and 
gar frequently flops the farcy, when it attacks 
the lower limbs ib. 
•—when very inveterate, a mixture for, with di- 
rections 120 
Feet battered, how treated 19 
—bran poultice ufeful 20 
—cold fluffing, pernicious ih. 
—warm bathing recommended 2t 
Fevers, the knowledge of the pulfe in, quite ne- 
ceflary; with fome remarks on bleeding 148 
—the nitre ball ufeful in the firfl attacks 150 
Fever, a cooling drink for, to be given in the 
place of the nitre ball, when found difagreea- 
ble 150 
—an opening drink, very ufeful in the beginning, 
as it gives a free difcharge, and carries off all 
redundancies 151, with fome reflections fhew- 
ing its ufe 1 52 
—an emollient glyfter in, ufeful in foftening the 
hard dung, and thereby contributing to a quick 
difcharge 152. remarks on its ufe and’value 
ih. 288 
INDEX. 
Fever, pedtoral drink with nitre for, when attend- 
ed with a cough and forenefs of the cheji I 54. 
When the cough is dry, barley-water, oil, &c. 
fhould be added 155 
—another for the fame ib. 
—a neutral drink in, recommended in this com- 
plaint as it cools and foftens the mafs of fluids, 
this may be given with the fame fuccefs as the 
fait of %wormwood, when the fever is not high, 
unattended with a cough and inflammation i 56 
■—a warm drink in, very proper when there is a 
defedt in the perfpiration, and the horfe’s coat 
appears rough and flaring, alfo ufeful to bring 
a fever to a crifls ib. 
—a drink againft a malignant fever, its ufe is to 
accelerate a crifls, and when the fpirits are fo 
exhaufted, as to require help 1 57 
—general remarks on, with forhe account of their 
nature, and the neceffary Obfervatiohs to be 
attended to, in their courfe ib. 
—camphire drink, of fervice in cafes that are ve- 
ry obftinate 160. Camphire with nitre is alfo 
ufeful when the limbs are benumbed by frequent 
palfing a river and the horfe warm ib. 
—Schwanberg’s powder ufeful for horfes, 
and fuppofed not to have any effential difference 
from them, called James's fever powders 161 
—powder, another, with directions for the ap- 
plication 162 
—a perfpiration, or fweating powder, which 
palfes under the name of Dr. Dover s powder, 
being that prefcribed by Dr. Ward for the pur- 
pofe ; this is alfo very efficacious in colds and 
fevers 164 
—a cooling purge, very ufeful, fafe, and fitting 
to be given at the going off of a fever 165 
—powder from Tournefort, much celebrated by INDEX. 
289 
Dr. Wood, for the cure of fevers in horfes, 
and may prove as efficacious to them, as 
James's has to the human fpecies 234 
Filings of fteel, ufeful to prevent the return of 
hots and worms 204 
Fiftulous hardnefs Ihould be cut out 30 
Fiftulas, what 32 
injections for 33 
Flefh, when proud, a wajh againft 120 
Fluids, the ftate of uncertain, why 14 
—in a morbid ftate more fo ih. 
—when too vifcid 2 
-—when too thin ih, 
—when too Jharp or putrid ih. 
Flux, bloody in the human body, a very valuable 
recipe for _ 197 
. a drink againft ih. 
Fomentations, how they are fuppofed to operate 
in the fuppreflions off'wellings, and removal 
of inflammations 80 
Fomentations, an emollient, of ufe in relaxing the 
cvejfels ■ ih, 
how they a£t 81 
. their operation ih. 
proper in gangrenes ih, 
when ufeful 84 
aCts as a diflolvent againft inflamed eyes 87 
refolvent, how they aft 81 
of milk and water ib. 
emollient or perfpirative 82 
difcutient, of ufe in difperfing humours, 
and removing tendons, thinning obftrufted flu- 
ids, and encouraging a free perfpiration 85 
———anodine, of ufe in diforders of the eye at- 
tended with great pain, fluxions and inflarnsna- 
tions 86 
reftringent for relaxed fibres of the ten- 
dons 87 290 
INDEX 
Fomentations their power deftroyed by heating 87 
• of hemlock, ufeful in difpelling hardnef- 
fes on the tendons and joints 88 
- againft hruifes on the limhs, withers, and 
back ih. 
—■— —againft Inflamed eyes ib. 
• a reftringent, in what ftate it will aft 
in that capacity 87 
Food of horfes, how digefted 2 
Founder, what 20 
Fryar’s balfam, fee Baume de Commandeur 77 
Fumigation in the glanders recommended 185 
G. 
Gentleman’s furgery, of what it fhould confift 146 
Glanders, a fumigation againft 186 
—————a reftringent injeftion for ib. 
Gleet or feminal running, an injeftion againft 
222 
Glyfter, emollient, a fine foftener of hard dung, 
very ufeful in the attack of colds and fevers 
152. Direftions (hewing its ufe and efficacy 
3 
—againft the flaggers 178 
•—againft the flaggers and convulflons, when at- 
tended with the lockt jaw 182. Direftions 
(hewing its ufe and efficacy ib. 
—againft the wind-cholic, with direftions for 
complaints of this fort 189 
>—of turpentine, neceflary to be ufed with the 
drink againft the gripes, attended with the 
firangury 191 
—a reftringent againft the flux and pain in the 
bowels 197 
•—againft griping pains, occafioned by the coat 
of the guts being carried away by few ere purg- INDEX. 
291 
ing, and ufeful after too ftrong phyflc has been 
given 197 
Glyfter, a healing one, ufeful in fluxes, and after 
too violent a purge from phyfec 199 
•—an anodine, ufeful in purges in confequence of 
ftrong aloetic purges 201 
•—againft hots in the anus 203 
—and purges, variety of forms 243 
—againft griping, occafioned by over-purging 
246 
.—a common emollient, ufeful to be given when 
the bowels want to be emptied 249. Another 
with remarks ib. They are both great Joften- 
ers. 
—a purging one, when difpatch is neceftary ib. 
.—a reftringent, and very proper for the purpofe 
250 
—a great nourilher, and very proper in cafes of 
the lockt-jaw ib. 
—againft the flrangury, glyflers are more to be 
depended on for obftruClions in the kidneys and 
uriters, than other medicines 250 
.—of foap 251 
Gouty cafes, the Duke of Portland's powder for, 
with remarks upon its effeds in oldfubjefts 23 5. 
Recommended here for a flomach medicine for 
horfes ib. 
Grafs, directions for purging horfes there 248 
Grave}, a remedy for, (fee Anhalt water) 78 
Greafe, a drying application for, with inftrudi- 
ons for the management of the legs when 
' healing 23 
Greafy heels, an ointment for $9. A drying 
waih for, after they have been digefted 101, 
Another ib. 
Green oil, of a foftening difperfing quality, of 292 
INDEX 
ufe in moft cafes where 'warm oils are ufed 
i°3 
Gripes, feme necoff&ry preferiptions againft 191 
when attended with a frangury, a drink a- 
gainft ib. 
a drink for, when attended with 'violent 
pains 192 
a drink againft, when occafioned by cojlive- 
nefs ib- 
Griping-pains, occafioned by the coat of the guts 
being carried offby fevere purging, and uleful 
to be given after too ftrong a dofe of phyfic 
197 
Growth of animals, obfervation on 54 
Gunlhot-wound, a dreffing for, with directions 
how they are to be treated 3 5 
H. 
Hair to make grow 37 
Hales Dr. remarks on the pulfe and bleeding 148 
Hardy Dr. his foap ball 222 
Healing glyfter, of ufe in fluxes, and fit to be ad- 
miniftred after too a purge from phyfec 
*99 
Health, in what it confifts 4 
Heels when crackt, how treated, an ointment 
for 45 
—fwelled, how treated 16&18 
—when greafy 23 
Hemlock, its ufe as a foftner in fudden fwellings 
on the tendons and joints 71 
—fomentation of, fordifpelling hardnefles on the 
joints and tendons 88 
-—balls, of ufe in hard glandular fzvellings and 
cancers, and worthy of a trial in old coughs, INDEX. 
293 
yellows, habitual Jiranguries, old flying lame- 
neffes, moon-blindnefs, &c. 225 
Hide-bound, a powder againft 237. {§ze JEtbi- 
op’s mineral 238 
Hiera Picra, ufefulas a warm ftomachpurge, and 
ufeful for horfes whofe corn pajjes indigefled, 
and are inciined to breed hots and worms 188 
Hip-joint, alaraenefsin 46 
Hogs lard, its ufe 104 
Hoofs when cracict, parched and dry, an oint- 
ment for 45. For thofe that are hard and dry 
56. When inclined to putrefaction ib. An 
healing ointment when the cracks are deep 60. 
Another for anointing brittle hoofs ib. 
Honey and allum, of ufe in cankers of the 
mouth x 18 
Horfes, how treated after violent exercife. 253 
• danger of drinking cold water when hot ib. 
exemplified by the parts affefted 252 
various diforders thereby produced 253 
Humours, how to be difcharged by difcutient fo- 
mentations 85 
ouzing from the joints, an injection againft 
128 
I. 
James’s original powder 162 
profecution how prevented ih. 
■ competed of antimony and mercury ih. 
• imitation of « 163 
how given to horfes 164 
Jardons when newly formed, a mercurialplaifter 
againft 69 
when of a long continuance, to be remov- 
ed by hlijiering and the cautery yo 
Jaundice, a drink againft 204. Others 205. 
How cured 21 < 294 
INDEX, 
Jefuit’s drops, (fee baume de covimandeur) 77 
Inflammations fuch as are fudden, a poultice for 
7 
and fwellings, their nature, and how 
occafloned x 1 
—not caufed by ohflruftions alone 82 
—produced from fpafms 83 
.—on the velfels from irritating bodies 
Inflammations, how removed by relaxing the <vef- 
fels 79 
• a new theory of them 8r 
—againft great pains and fluxions of the 
eyes, a fomentation for 86 
internal, kill molt horfes 166 
—cured by early bleeding ib. 
—external, how cured 8o 
• by fomentations ib. 
Injection for hollow cavernous ulcers, which can’t 
be laid open 127 
againft humours ouzing from the joint ib. 
a reftringent againft the glanders 186 
——ftrengthening, ferviceable to young horfes 
that have contracted a gleet or feminal running 
222 
Joints, to difperfe hardnelfes from, by a hemlock 
fomentation 88 
Itch, an ointment for, which is recommended, 
not being attended with any thing difagreeable 
44 
Itchmgs and eruptions in the Jkin, a general alte- 
rative powder againft 238 
K. 
Kidnies, when in a bleeding ftate, how reftrained 
221 INDEX. 
Kldnles, when in a bleeding ftate, relieved more by 
general than the mod famous flyp- 
tics 221 
-how they operate 208 
■complaints in, a diuretic drink for 216 
L. 
Lamenefs, an old one, an ointment for 45 
•—obfervations on the moft remarkable 46 
,—of the Jhoulder, when the rowel will be necef- 
fary 91 
—of the hip or fciatica, (fee turpentine drink) 
215 
Legs when firft attacked with /wettings, a repel- 
lent wajh for ioo 
Lethargy how treated, a hall againll 182 
an alterative powder to be given when the 
complaint is removed 1 83 
Leuwenhoeck’saccount ofrefolution in the bloodBl 
__ of the bloods circulation in the wing of a 
hat ib. 
obfervations on the circulation ih. 
Ligature of the blood-'vejfels, obfervations on 106 
Limbs, bruifes on, a fomentation to remove 88 
Lime-water, its ufe again ft profu dealing, and 
for fnveetening the blood 206 
how made ih. 
Liniment for the eyes, very efficacious againft de- 
Jluxions and inflammations, and a great repel- 
lent 48 For cleaning the eye of all foulnefies 
of the cornea or outward membranes 49 
-againft the lockt-jaiu iSa 
Linfeed-oil, good againft hots 
Liquid laudanum or tindure of opium, ufeful In INDEX 
'violent complaints of the bovuels and torturing 
pains 201 
Liver of antimony, its ufe againft the farcy-buds 
61 
Lockt-jaw, a liniment againft 18z 
Logwood and cinnamon, a decoftion of, ufeful to 
reftrain the flux and pain of the bovoels 197 
London treacle, (fee aromatic fpice) 169 
Lungs, difeafes in, with fome particulars in order 
to difcover the difeafes affeCting this noble part, 
viz. a recent inflammation attended with a fe- 
ver, and a fixed obflinate cough or without, and 
the treatment of them 166. Alfo, fome ne- 
ceffary directions relative to bleeding, by the 
1 te management of which, complaints in the 
hril fort are removed ib. 
Lycoperdon, what no 
M. 
Mallenders and fallenders, an ointment againft, 
to be ufed when the mercurial has proved in- 
effectual 59. Another 60 
Mange or fcab, an ointment for 47. Another ib. 
■—wafh againft 120. An ointment agajnft 240. 
(See alfo JEthiop's mineral) ib. 
Markham’s ball for colds and coughs 231 
Marfhraallows, ointment of, an univerfal good 
foftener 42 
• root, a ftrong decoCtion of, impregna- 
ted with nitre, and fweetened with honey, of 
ufe againft profufe flaling, proceeding from 
an inflammation of the bladder and kidneys 207 
Matter when good, the beft falve 30 
•—obfervations thereon 74 INDEX. 
297 
Matter when good, dry lint only neceflary 30 
Mead Dr. his opinion on poifons 137 
his powder againft the hits of a mad dog, 
with directions for the management of the fub- 
jeCl 236 
Mechanifm of a horfe, what l 
Medicines called healing and firengthening 110 
—internally, their power fufpeCted 220 
—from the change they mu ft undergo ih. 
—Jlyptics alfo, for the fame reafon 221 
Membranes, a plaifter for foftening the hardnefles 
on 72. For difpeJling, &c. an hemlock fomen- 
tation for 88 
Mercurials, their ufe in dlforders of the moiji rat 
tail 37 
Mercurial plaifters, of ufe in fudden fwellings on 
the bones, fuch as recent fpavins, pardons, 
curbs, fplints and ojlets 69. But when of long 
continuance, are only to be removed by blijiers 
and firing 70 
—ball, to be added to the compofition for defirvy- 
ing the hots and worms, when they are found 
ineffectual 203 
—folution of, much recommended by Baron Van 
Swieten, and known by the name of the Nea- 
politan drops, given with fuccefs in many dif- 
orders befides venereal, and is recommended in 
leprous and fcorbutic complaints, cataraSs, 
&C. 210 
—alterative ball, only to be ufed on very extra- 
ordinary occafions, and in very obftinate cafes, 
zs the farcin, &c. 226. The directions given 
here, are carefully to be attended to ih. 
—alterative ball, on the plan of Bellofie’s pills, to 
be given in obftinate furfeits, and to remove 
flying lamenejfes, occafioned by fizy blood 227  INDEX. 
Mineral of ./Ethiops, its medicinal effeCts 
239 
Mixture againil warbles, ufeful to difperfe the 
/welling, when tending to fuppuration, and too 
late for the repellent wafh mentioned here 117 
—for canker in the mouth, with directions for 
the management of the cure ib- 
-—againil /trains 95 
—-againft bruifes 96 
—againil jwelled legs 100 
-—againil canker in the foot 99 
■—againil wind galls ib. 
—againil fplints ' 100 
—againil the thru/b 102 
>—againil a fore mouth ib. 
—againil bloodfpavin 99 
Molten greafe, a remedy againil (fee /Ethiop’s 
mineral 239 
Monf. la Foife’s ftyptic 111 
Moon blindnefs, remarks on it, with directions in, 
and pertinent observations relative to it 123 
——.—how bell removed by mercurial applicati- 
ons, with the manner of applying them 53 
Mortifications how formed, with directions for 
treating the parts, and a dreffing for 36 
how treated ib. 
-poultice for ib. 
■—-fomentation for ib. 
—dreffing for ib. 
- —in the bowels, a drink againil, with fome 
directions for difcovering the diforder 193 
Mouth, diforders of, a wa/y for 103. Another 
ib. That from the rujl of bits, &c. to be re- 
moved by wafting the parts with fait anci vi- 
negar with a little honey 103. The giggs or 
little bladders on the infide the Ups, to be INDEX. 
treated the fame way ib. But when turned in- 
to cankers, are to be walhed with copperas and 
fublimate water ib. 
Mouth, a fore one, a general mixture for, parti- 
cularly when the parts are inflamed and tender 
117. A wajh for, when ulcerated and made 
fore by a had bit 118 
Mutton-fuet, a good remedy for over purging 247 
N. 
Neapolitan drops* (fee mercurial folution for 
nereal, fcorbutic, leproftc dijorders and catarcids 
210 
Nerve a ligature on, not dangerous 109 
Nitre ball, very proper on the firft attack of a 
cold and fever, firft bleeding 150. Or the 
folution ih. 
—with camphire, this is a very powerful remover 
of ohfirudions, and difcharges by perfpiration 
and urine 229 
this may be given in quantities to horfes in their 
corn or mufhes, its a powerful remedy againft 
furfeits, molton-greafe, hide bound, greafe in 
the heels, &c. and a particular advantage at- 
tending it, is, that it does not require any con- 
finement or additional cloathing : let it fuffice 
to fay, it Ihould be given on the firft attack of 
a cold or fever ih, 
Nutritum ointment, a great cooler and repellent, 
and ufeful for burns, fcalds, and inflammati- 
ons on thefiin 42 
o. 
Obfervations well worthy the attention of gentle- 
men whofe cattle are frequently drove with 
fpeed, as now the cullora is in pojl-chaifes 252. INDEX 
On the danger attending cattle being led to 
water while warm 252. The particular treat- 
ment to be given cattle after •violent driving, 
well worthy attention 254 
ObftruCtions, fvoellings and inflammations how to 
be removed by fomentation 85 
—in the diuretic parts, a remedy for 208 
Oil of olives good againft a bite from vipers 134 
—how it aCts 135 
—various and contradictory accounts of its effects 
136 
•—fucking the voound proper 139 
■—viperine poifons may be taken into the ?nouth 
fafely ih. 
Oils and ointments many, rejected and why 104 
Oil of olives, and hogs lard, equal to the genera- 
lity of oils as an emollient ih. 
Ointments for frefh voounds and fores, with fome 
general directions 27. Another with directi- 
ons for the dreffing of fores, and the mixtures 
to be made for different purpofes 28. Another 
3‘ 
■—for 'wounds and fores near the joints ib. 
•—for frejh wounds, here bafilicons are not pro- 
per ib. 
•—a cleanfing ointment uleful in foul ulcers, mor- 
tifications and cankers 33 
—for making the hair grow 37 
■—for fiofitening the Jharp humours • which attend 
'violent fiprains 38 
•—for cleanfing a foul fore, and for bringing on a 
good Juppuration ib. 
•—-a drying one, this ifiould be always at hand, 
being very ufeful for wounds in the fkin, burns 
and fcalds, and for dreffing wounds in the laft 
ftage 41 INDEX. 
Ointments of lead, ufeful for cooling and draw- 
ing away the humours 41 
—nutritum, - a cooler and repellent, of ufe in burns 
and inflammations in the jkin 42 
—of marjhmallows, a very ufeful foftener ib, 
—unguentum, of a cooling binding quality, and 
a gentle repellent 43 
•—'mercurial, ufeful as a difperfer of hardfwel- 
lings on the membranes, tendons and joints, 
particularly warbles and fit-fafls 44 
—for the itch, which is much recommended for 
its cleanlinefs ib. 
.—train, ufeful to anoint the hoofs when parched 
and dry, and for crackt heels 45 
.—bliftering, ufeful in old lameneffes and fliffnefs 
in the joints ib. 
—againft the mange or fcah 47. Another for the 
fame 48 
’—Riverius's, againft /pecks and films on the eye 
5° 
—Dr. Mead's, for removingfpecks on the eye 51 
for a wounded eye 36 
—for the hoof, when hard and dry ib. 
.—for foftening the foies and hoof to prevent pu- 
trefafiion . ib. 
——againft obftinate Jcratches 57 
—for the dry rat tail, with directions for treating 
the moifl ib. 
-—again fc [and cracks and crackt hoofs 58 
■—greafy heels 59 
—againft the mallenders and fallenders, when 
mercurial ointments have failed ib. Another 
60 
—healing one for hoofs, particularly when the 
wounds are deep ib. 
—-againSifplints, when newly come on 61 302 
INDEX 
Ointments again9c farcy buds, with directions for 
treating them 61 
•—of tutty, of ufe for fore eyes attended with a 
flux 63 
—for wounds, from nails, flumps or thorns, with 
directions for the application 64 
—againft the mange 240 
Old pains, for removing them, (fee Anhalt wa- 
ter) 78 
Olive oil, its ufe in moft cafes 104 
Opium a tincture, or liquid laudanum ufeful in 
violent complaints of the hots, and when the 
beafl is in exquifite pain 201 
Opodeldoc, 2 Japonaceous embrocation, of ufe in 
coldfwellings, occafioned by an alfemblage of 
thick humours, and in Jtrains where the inflam- 
mation is firft removed 94 
Oflets when newly formed, a mercurialplaifler a- 
gainft 70. When otherwife to be removed by 
bliftering and firing only ib. 
Over-purging, a glyfter againft the gripes, occa- 
fioned by it 246. And in cafes where the coat 
of the guts have been carried off, and a morti- 
flcation apprehended. (See two preventatives 
247 
<—a drink againft 199. (See thofe for fluxes) 197 
Oxymel /quills, uleful in coughs attended with 
heaving of the flanks, and ratling of the 
throat 177 
Pains and achs, old ones, a water for removing 
lee Anhault) 78 
occafioned by the coat of the gut be- 
ing carried off by fevere purging, and ufeful to 
be given after too ftrong a dofe of phyfic 197 
Parey firft introduced the ligature on blood <ve/fels 
I fVT INDEX. 
PeCtoral powder, ufeful in frejh colds unattended 
with a fever 168 
Petdoral ball, to be applied in fevers, but notun- 
till the cold which firit appears with it is remo- 
ved ; it is of ufe in opening the obf rubied pafi- 
fages of the lungs, and carrying off the difor- 
der 170 
* medicines, how they get into the lungs ib. 
Perforation, a free one, how obtained by fo- 
mentation 85 
Phyhc drink and ball, for quickening its operation 
245 
—directions how a horfe fhould be prepared for 
it 246 
,—when over violent fo as to effeft the hozvels by 
depriving them of their mucus or covering, fo 
that a mortification is apprehended, two pre- 
ventatives for ib. 
Pilling blood, a ball againft 220 
Pilling, or diuretic ball, of ule to open the 
urinary pafiages, dropfites, fiwelled-legs, greafey 
&c. 223 
Piffing-drink 207. A general one 208 
Plailfer, a defienfiative, of ufe againft violent 
grains 68 
.—mercurial, againft fudden fvsellings on the 
hones, viz .fipavins, jar dons, curbs, J'plints, and 
oflets, but not of an old funding, when blifter- 
ingi and the fire can only be of fervice 69 
—a difcutient, for dif'olvingfplints and hardnefi- 
fies on the tendons 70 
v— a ftrengthening one againft fiprained tendons or 
the joints, when a horfe is turned to grafs 72 
—of foap, efficacious in foftening hardnelfes on 
the tendons and membranes ih. 
.—fuppurative, of ufe in bringing fvvellings to a 
proper difcharge 73 304 
INDEX 
Plaifter, tlie court filching 77 
Plummer s alterative powder, recommended in 
obitruCtions, fcorbutic diforders and farcins, 
greafe, and other inveterate diforders that elude 
the force of the ufual medicines 235 
Plunkeds remedy againft cancers, with remarks on 
it 62. Of ufe in farcy-buds 61 
Polfons, (lee chap, vi p. 129.) how to be dif- 
churged from the human fiomach 253 
Poifon from mad dogs, how treated 129 & 236 
—vipers 13 4. 
—rattle-fnahe 141 
—from gnats and other infeds 140 
—how it operates 137 
—taken internally, how to be treated ib. 
—a remarkable cafe by Dr, Willis of Lincoln- 
shire ■ 255 
Philofophical tranfaCh'ons 134 
Poifons taken internally how to be treated 255 
Poll-evil, a fcalding, mixture againft, with direc- 
tions for its application 126. Another 127 
Poultices, directions for their application and how 
beft to be made 12 & 16 
Poultice or cataplafm, a general one. With 
an account of their great ufe, and manner of 
operation 5 
,—a repellent 7. Another ih. Both ufeful in 
fudden/trains, with fome necellary directions, 
—a rejolvent, an excellent application for a 
hruife, and efficacious in difperfing extravafa- 
ted blood 7 
—a reftringent, a proper application for Jlrains 
of the tendons and back /menus 8 
-—a general one for Jlrains, with directions 9 
—■for an old drain ih. INDEX. 
305 
Poultice, a digejiive, ufeful to be laid over a 
wound ox fore to 
—their ufe explained in fome general remarks on 
inflammatory fwellings j i 
—a common foftener to alfift digejlion i 2. Ano- 
ther to remove inflammations by dilperfing ob- 
ftruCtions, and to prevent the laceration of the 
parts 13 
-—tor dilpeUing fwellings tending to maturation 
15 
—againft the Jlrangles, or any fwelling tending to 
matter 16 
—for crackt heels ih. 
—againft Jwelled heels or greufe i y 
•—againft hardnefs in the tendons and joints 18 
-—when the fores of the heels are very foul ■ 19 
•—-for expelling the fwelling of the heels to pre- 
vent their burfting ih. 
—for lamenefs in Vnofeet occafioned by hard roads, 
with directions neceftary upon fucli occalions 
v 20 
•—for the feet on a journey, with objections to 
thofe generally ufed ih. With the treatment 
of the legs 21 
-—for a fudden inflammation in the eye 24. 
•—for a hardnefs on the membranes and tendons 22 
—a powerful repelling poultice ih. 
—for a hruife or hite on the eye 24. 
■—for an inflammation 2 5 
—for a hard fwelling ih. 
Pouteau's obfervations on bleeding 106 
Powder for fe^versy Dr. Schwanberg s 161. Ano- 
ther 162 
—the fame as James's 163 
.—a perfpirative or fweetening, (fee Ward's, 
powder 164 
•—a pedtoral, ufeful in fre/h colds unattended with' 
a fever 1 68 INDEX. 
Powder, a cordial for horfes when over fatigued, 
or threatened with a cholic from drinking cold 
«vjater when warm, or fufftred to ftand in his 
Jweat in the fable 168 
diapente, againft tht yellows 169 
—alterative, againlt the flaggers and lethargy 183 
—diafcordium, ufeful to be given alter a proper 
evacuation has been had 200 
—againft •worms 20?,. Another 203 
—of tin, if given in large quantities will effec- 
tually defttoy worms 202 
—Duke of Portland’s, ufed in gouty cafes, with 
an account of its effedts in old lubjedts } advi- 
fed as a flomach medicine for horfes 233 
—Dr, Mead's 236 
Powder againft a fever, taken from Four nefort. 
and much celebrated for curing fevers in horfes, 
and may prove as efficacious to them, as Dr. 
James's to men 234 
*—Plummer's alterative, recommended from ex- 
perience for its effedts in obf ruttedfcorbutic 
diforders, farcins, greafe and others, v/hen 
they have eluded the ufual medicines 235 
-—againft the hide-bound 237 
—a general alterative, to be given when a horfe 
is found to be effedled with tickings and erup- 
tions in the Jhin 238 
Proud fiejh fhould be pared down 30 
Puff ball a ftyptic, as ufed by M. La Fojfe, with 
fome remarks on its ufe 11 o 
Pulfe, fome remarks on, neceflary to be confider- 
ed, as leading to a knowledge very neceffary in 
mod complaints 148 
•—in horfes defcribed ib. 
—a direftion in fevers ib. 
—in drawing ot blood 149 
—iiow to prove its force ih INDEX. 
Purge, a cooling one, very neceffary at the going 
off of a fever 165 
Purges and glyfiers, a variety of forms of 243 
—a common one ib. 
—another, which operates as kindly as any general 
one ih. 
-—another, much efteemed by fportfmen, and in 
general operates kindly, with directions to 
heighten it, when the fubjeCt is hard to be 
purged 244 
-—a mild one for delicate horfes ih. 
•—a cooling liquid one, to be preferred in all in- 
flammations, which if it does not pafs through 
tht bovoels, will go off by urine 245 
Purging horfes at grafs, directions for 248 
■ gbfi*r, when difpatch isrequifite 249 
Pus and matter, conjectures on its formation 74 
Q. 
Quitter how brought on 58 
R. 
Rat-tail, an ointment for, with directions for 
treating the different Species of it 57 
Rattle-fnake, a remedy againft its bite, invented 
by a negroe 141 
Remarks on fevers, with inftruftions for the ma- 
nagement of them 1 58 
Repellent wafh againft bruifes on the 'withers, 
which may be depended on 116 
Reftringent fomentation for the relaxed fibres of 
the tendons 87 
a general one, of ufe in removing voind- 
gall's, and blood-fpavins, when but of a ihort 
Itanding 11 4. But thofe of a long continuance 
are to be removed by blifiering and firing on- 
ly 115: IND E X 
Reftringent glyfter, ufeful to reftrain the flux and 
abate pains in the bowels 197. Another 250 
Rhubarb tinfiure, ufeful againft complaints In the 
bowels, when attended with a mortification 
*94 
Rhumatic complaints, a balfam for their remo- 
val 77 
River ins's ointment for the eyes, ufeful for remo- 
ving films on the cornea, and after the inflam- 
mation has abated,for defluxion 50 
Roweling of limbs recommended in firains 65 
Rowels when neceffary ih. 
• "how they operate 66 
• and felons, their ufc in farriery ib. 
when neceffary to be applied for the lanie- 
nefs in the fhoulders 91 
Rollers and bandages, the ufe of them in firains, 
which in accidents of this fort, fhould never be 
negleded 92 
Running thrufh, a drying wafh for, with re- 
marks 102, Another when the complaint is 
tending to putrefaction ib. 
s. 
Salt-marlh, when proper, and the running at 
large, when preferable for crackt-heels or the 
greafe _ 17 
Callenders and mallenders, an ointment againft, 
to be ufed when mercurials have proved inef- 
fectual 59. Another ih. 
Sand cracks and crackt hoofs, an ointment for 
58 
Scab or mange, an ointment for 47. Another 
48 
Scalds and hums, directions for treating them in 
their different ilages 115. The difcutient INDEX. 
309 
nanjh recommended for ufe when the Jkin is not 
broke 116 
Scarifications, their ufe in dropftcal cafes 67 
when neceflary ib. 
Scheme of the of farriery 145 
Schwanberg’s fever powders, ufeful for horfes in 
that complaint, and fuppofed not to have any 
elfential difference with that prepared by Dr. 
fames 161 
Sciatica, or lamenefs of the hip, (fee turpentine 
drink 214 
Scouring and lax, recipe again ft 195 
Scordium or diafcordium, ufeful in purges after 
proper evacuations have been made 200 
Scratches, an ointment for thofe that are obfti- 
nate 57 
Sea-falt, fpirit of, ufeful in cankers of the mouth 
117 
Seatons, preferred to rowels 65 
Shoulder, a lamenefs in, when neceflary to ufe 
the rowel for gr 
Sltfaft and warbles, a diffolvent for, (fee mercu- 
rial ointment 43 
Skin, when any eruptions on, a difcutient wafh 
againft 121 
Sloan, Sir Hans, his medicine for the eyes 50 
Soap plaifter, ufeful for foftening hardnefles on 
the tendons and membranes 72 
Soap-ball, this is Mrs. Stevens's medicine impro- 
ved by Dr. Hartley, of great ufe in the obftruc- 
tions of the urinary paffages 221 
glyfter, for the ufe and effefts of glyfiers, 
(fee p. 155.) And of foap in particular 213 & 
221 
Softening glyfer 249 INDEX. 
Sole and hoof, an ointment for foftening them to 
prevent putrefadion 56 
Solution of mercury ufed by Van Swieten in ve- 
nereal cafes, and is recommended in leproftes, 
fcorhutic diforders and xatarads 210 
Sore mouth, a mixture for, when, the parts are 
inflamed and tender 117. A wajh for, when 
made fore by a bad bit 118 
Spavins when newly formed, a mercurial plaifler 
for 69. When otherwise to be removed by 
blifiering and firing only 70 
Specks and films on the eye, an ointment for 49 
Spice an aromatic, to be given as a warm cordial,, 
ufeful when the ftomach and bowels are difturb- 
ed by wind from thefiagnation of perfpiration 
169 
Splints an ointment for, when newly come on, 
with directions for a further procefs 61. Eli- 
campane often fucce/fsful in this complaint ib. 
- old, when they have enlarged the bone only 
• to be removed by caufiicks 61. Bliftering and 
firing 70. A mixture agaiaft when new 100 
——a mercurial plailter againft, when newly 
formed 69 
• a plaifter for diflblving 70. Another 71 
Spots and films on the eye, a water for removing 
125 
Spunge prepared a good remedy to flop bleeding 
112 
how to produce that effect ih. 
pyramidial comprefs I 13 
proper for that purpofe ih. 
—— few fiyptics fucceed without ib. Mr, 
White's account of his fuccefs in the ufe of this 
ftyptic 114 
Squills of vinegary ufeful in diforders of the INDEX. 
breath, and for promoting urine in dropfical 
cafes 17 6 
Squills, oxymel, good againft coughs, attended 
with headings of the flanks, and rattling in 
the throat 177 
• of wine or beer, good for the laft mentioned 
complaint ih. 
Staling profufely, a drink againft 205. Another 
206 
Staggers, and other diforders in the head, how 
treated 178 
- a purging glyfier againft, with directions 
necefl'ary to be conlulted in fuch cafes ib- 
. balls of opium &c. for thefe called the 
mad flaggers and convulfions xBo 
drink againft, when attended with the 
yellows ih. 
• —glyfter againft, and convulfions in cafes of 
the lockt-jaw, with fome neceifary directions 
181 
an alterative powder to be given on the 
removal of the diforder 183 
Stevens's, Mrs. medicine or drench for urinary 
complaints 213 
Steel filings, of life to ftrengthen the fiomach a- 
gainft hats or worms 204 
Sticking plaifter, the court, dire&ions for making 
it 77 
Stomach and bowels, a balfam for {lengthening 
and warming 77. A water for the fame. 
(See Anhalt) 78 
purge, a warm one, of hi era pier a, fit for 
horfes whofe corn pa fifes indigefied, and whofe 
fiomachs are apt to breed hots or worms 187 
to ftrengthen againft hots and worms, fi- 
lings offleel ufeful for 204 
Storck’s hemlock ball 224 312 
INDEX 
Stopping of blood, a Jlyptic for, which is found of 
ufe when applied with a proper comprejjure or 
bandage 105. For the manner of its action 
(fee remarks ib. 
Strangury, a glyfter againft, of more efficacy in 
removing obilruCtions in the kidnies and uri- 
ters, than phyfic taken any other way 250 
• when attended with gripes, a drink a- 
gainft 190 
• a drink againft, very efficacious 206 
Strains when attended with fwellings, a poultice 
for 9. An old one, a poultice for ib. 
—when violent, a plaijler for, with directions 
for the application 68 
—or bruifes, a general embrocation againfl, 
ufeful as a firft application 89. Another a great 
reflringent to be ufed as the former ib. Ano- 
ther 90. Another for frejh Jlrains ib. . Ano- 
ther for old Jlrains, to be ufed when the inflam- 
mation is removed 91 
—fome general remarks on 92. Wherein is 
fhewn the ufe and effeCts of bandages in fuch 
accidents ib. (See the embrocation in p. 89,) 
which is what is firft to be applied in fuch ac- 
cidents. 
treatment 91 
—defcribed 92 
—when coolers neceflary 93 
—when poultices and charges 9 
—when warm faponaceous medicines 97 
—bandage of great ufe in 93 
—refl of great moment ib. 
—-rowels fometimes neceflary 92 
-—blijiers alfo in old 45 
Strengthening plaijler for fprained tendons or 
joints, when the horfe is turned to grafs 73 
■in the fhoulder, directions for their manner of INDEX. 
Strengthening ball againft internal *bruifes 219 
—ball for the Jlomach, when the horfe paffes his 
corn indigejied, or troubled with worms 231 
Stuffing, an excellent one for horfes feet when 
travelling 20. Objections to thole now moftly 
in ufe 20 
Styptics, various 10$ 
—their operation defcribed ib- 
•—trial on animals, fallacious 111 
—-fpunge preferable 112 
—how it a£ts on the veflels 1 13 
.—ligature, the bell flyptic x 06 
.—how bell performed 110 
—including the nerve not dangerous ib. 
.—including fome fleffi neceffiary ih. 
—tying the arteries alone, hazardous ib. 
•—not yet agreed on ib. 
Styptic of puff-ball, how ufed by Monf. La Foffe 
in. Some neceflary remarks worth attending 
to, relative to the ufe of flyptics ib. 
.—for flopping bleeding of the arteries by the 
fpunge, with directions how to apply it 112 
Sulphurated oil or balfam, much of the nature of 
that called balfam offulphur 104 
Suppurative plaifler, of ufe to bringfwellings to 
a proper difcharge 73 
Suppuration how produced 74 
Surfeits, a ball againft, and recommended for 
complaints in the kidneys, dropftes, fwelled 
legs, greafe, he. 224 
a medicine againft, JEthiop's piineral 239 
and old coughs (See ftrong tar water 217 
Surgery, a gentleman's, of what it ffiould confift 
146 
Sweetening drink 210 
Swelling in the membranes, joints and cartilagi- 
nous parts 8. (See mercurial) 43 314 
INDEX. 
Swellings and inflammatory diforders, the nature 
and occalion of them 11. How to be treated 
when they begin to fubfide, particularly on the 
Ugs 23 
—to be brought to a proper difeharge, a plaijier 
for . , 73 
—a fomentation for abating it 79 
Swelled legs a repellent wafh againft, to be ufed 
in the firft appearance of fwellings 100 
Syrup of buckthorn, directions for making, and its 
ufe in farriery 247 
T. 
Tar-water, as recommended by the Bijbop of 
Cloyne 216 
ftrong for horfes, recommended for old 
coughs and furfeits 217 
Tendons, ftrains in, a poultice for 9 
hardnefTes on, a foftening plaijler for 70. 
Another (fee the foap plaijler) 72. A hemlock 
fomentation for 88 
Tenfionsand fuellings, how to be removed by 
fomentation 79 
Tetterous eruptions, a wafh for 120 
Thick ‘wind, a. drink {or 212 
Thrulh, a wajh againft 1 26 
Thrulh running, a drying wap for, with re- 
marks 102. Another when the diforder is 
tending to putrefaftion ib. 
Tindture of rhubarb. ufeful for diforders in the 
bowels, when attended with a mortifcation 194 
• of fenna, or Daffy s elixir, the fame ib. 
. of opium, or liquid laudanum, to be given in 
violent complaints of the bowels, and when the 
horfe is in violent pain 201 I N D . E X. 
Tin, powder of, this will effedually deftroy 
•worms, if given in large quantities 202 
Tobacco juice, its ufe in taking offfilms from the 
eyes 5° 
• fomentation, if blown up the antis, will 
deftroy hots 203 
Tonquin remedy 133 
Travelling, when, directions for treating the feet 
and legs of the horfe 20 
Turnip Poultice, of ufe in wounds in the feet 66 
Turpentine Glyfter, neceffary to be ufed, with 
the drink againft the gripes attending the 
frangury 191 
u. 
Van Swieten’s drops 210 
Venomous bites, a drink againft 209 
Veffels, different order of 3 
• ruptured, what ih. 
relaxed, what 4 
obfirudion, what 
how removed 80 
.——a fomentation for relaxing yq 
Vinegar, (that of white-wine, is to be preferred) 
very ufefui in bruifes, jlrains and relaxations 26. 
(See general remarks on bruifes) cjy 
Vinegar or verjuice, their ufe in bruifes, which 
fhould be firft applied to reftrain the effufion 
with which they are always attended, and 
when they can be affifted by bandages to coin- 
prefs the parts, are never to be negieded 98 
Vinegar of Jquills, ufefui in diforders of the 
breath, and for promoting urine 176 
Ulcers, their treatment fhould be different 38 
• reafons given 
• dry lint, fometimes the beft application 39 Vipenne/’or/ow explained 136 
ads on the nervous fyfiem 1 
Viperine, the hlood not immediately concerned 
. . **• 
. various erFeds of it ib. 
Ulcers brought on by greafy heels, an ointment for 
59 
« a balm for cleanftngsind healing 77 
• that can not be laid open, an injeftion for 
127 
Unguentum, ointment of, is of a cooling binding 
quality, and a gentle repellent 43 
Urinary complaints, Mrs. Stevens’s medicine for 
21 j. (See Dr. Hartley’s foap-ball.) 
INDEX. 
w. 
Wade’s balfam, (fee Baume de Commandeur) 77 
Warbles, from gravel, nails. See. an ointment 
for 58 
—-a mixture for, to be ufed to difperfe fwellings 
when tending to fuppuration, and too late for 
the repellent voafh 11 7 
Ward’s fvoeating powder, very efficacious In fe- 
vers and cold 164 
Waffiing horfes legs with warm water, recom- 
mended 20 
Waft, a drying one, ufed with fuccefs in drying 
up fores of greafy heels, after they have been 
properly digefted 101. Another, recommend- 
ed by Mr. Gihfon ib. 
—for the mouth, when injured by the rujl of the 
hit 103. From giggs or little bladders on the 
in fide of the Up ib. When generated to a 
canker ib. 
•—difeutient, proper againft a bruife on the wi- 
thers 116 INDEX. 
Wafh, a repellent, againft bruifes on the withers-, 
attended with fmall hot pimples 116 
—againft warbles 11 7 
—againft cankers in the mouth ih. Another for a 
fore mouth ih. 
—for farcy-buds 1 x 3. Another ih. Bran and 
<1nnegar, frequently flops this complaint, when 
in the lower-limbs ih. 
.—againft corded-veins 119 
—againft inveterate farcy 120 
—to fupprefs proud flejh ih. 
—againft the thrufh 126 
.—againft the poll-evil ih. 
.—againft the mange 240 
—difcutient, of ufe againft eruptions In the jkin 
317 
121 
Wafp, fling of, dire&ions for healing 140 
Water of Anhault, its ufe, (fee Anhault ■wa- 
ter.) 
Water, lime, ufeful in profufe flaling 206 
Water and milk, a fomentation of, ufeful in re- 
moving inflammations and fwellings y<y 
White, Mr. account of his experiments in the 
ufe of the fponge, for flopping of the blood 
in amputations 112 
Willis, Dr. his method of treating a lady who had 
fwallowed poifon by miftake 256 
Windy complaints, a balfam for removing 77 
Wind-galls, blood fpavins, &c. a fomentation for 
99 
a general reftringent application for 
114 
Wind thick, a drink for 2x2 
Wine, or beer antimonial, which polfelfes all the 
virtues of antimony, without any of its incon- 
veniencies, and is recommended in all diforders I N D E X. 
where the powders for fevers have been recom- 
mended 2n. 
Wifp of hay dipped in vinegar and cold watery 
of ufe in removing a recent hruife on the wi- 
thers, when attended with hot watery pimplest 
but raull be bound to the part by a circingU 
116 
Withers, bruifes on, a fomentation for remo- 
ving 88 
■ when hruifed, a difcutient wafh for I 16. 
Thefe are fometimes removed by a hot dijh- 
clout prefled on the parts. 
Wounds, how befl; treated 27 
—healing of, Natures work ih. 
•—fhould never be crammed up 28 
—drefled lightly 29 
—ftimulating dreflings, when neceflary 31 
■—dry-lint recommended 33 
—•gunfhot, how managed 34 
—from flumps, thorns, or glafs, a poultice for 5 
—and fores, attended with fain from indigeflion 
11 
•—in the fin, an excellent ointment for 40 
.—from gravel, nails, &c. an ointment for 58 
•—from nails, flumps, or thorns, an ointment for, 
with directions how to treat the wounds 64 
>—for cleanfling and healing, a halflam for 77 
Wood ajhes, to be ufed in fomentations when the 
parts have been mortified 86 
Worms, purging halls for 202 
Worm powder, which will be found efficacious 
202. Another ih. 
Y. 
Yellows, drink againfi; zi Z 
FI N I S,