-The National Archives HANDBOOK of Federal World War Agencies and Their Records 1917-1921 United States Government Printing Office : Washington 1943 The National Archives Publication No. 24 For sale by the Superintendent ol Documents, Washington, D. C. U. S. Government Printing Office Price $1.25 (cloth cover) FOREWORD .This Handbook is issued in response to a current demand for in- formation concerning the functions and records of agencies of the United States Government that contributed to the participation of the United States in the first World War. In time of war the Government assumes control over activities and aspects of life with which it has little to do in time of peace. It must therefore turn for any study of precedents and administrative experience in such matters to rec- ords of the previous war. Records once deemed to have little more than academic interest suddenly acquire vital importance. Records can neither be found nor used effectively, however, unless one knows the names of the agencies that created the files, the niches occupied by those agencies in the structure of the Government, and something of their objectives and activities. The greater part of the extant records of the first World War, except those relating to actual field operations of the armed forces, are now in the National Archives. The records so centralized include those of all the large emergency war agencies and those for the war years of most of the permanent executive departments and independent agencies. Other records are constantly arriving, so that the infor- mation furnished in some entries concerning the location of records will be out of date when this volume is issued. The Handbook is be- ing supplemented as rapidly as possible by preliminary checklists and inventories designed to show in greater detail the organization and character of the more important record groups. This Handbook was planned in the spring of 19hl by the present writer, who was then serving as Director of Research and Publications with the assistance of members of his office staffj and its prepara- tion was approved by the Archivist of the United States, R. D, V/. Connor, on June 7, 19Ul« Since January 1, 19U2, the responsibility for continued planning and supervision of the project has rested on Oliver W. Holmes, Director of Research and Records Description. Carl L. Lokke assisted the successive Directors in planning and ad- ministering the project, and he and Marion L. Rice did most of the work of coordinating, editing, and supplementing the material sub- mitted by the compilers. The preparation of drafts of the individual articles, however, was in large measure the work of members of the staffs of the records divisions who were familiar with the records of the agencies they were describing or who because of interests and training possessed special competencies in certain fields. Many of them are now in the armed forces or have transferred to other Govern- ment agencies. The names of all compilers, including those who as- sisted in the work of editing, are listed on the following page. SOLON J. BUCK Archivist of the United States. June 19U3. LIST OF COMPILERS Esther C. Aiken Everett Owen Alldredge Frank Hardee Allen Dorothy Arbaugh Robert H. Bahmer James F, Ball George Riilip Bauer Helen F, Beach Henry P. Beers Julia M, Bland E, Page Bledsoe Lillie A. Bontz Julius D. Buckwald Edward G. Campbell Robert Claus Martin P. Claussen Meredith B, Colket, Jr, Don B. Cook Lewis J. Darter, Jr. Gerald J. Davis Maxcy R. Dickson David C. Duniway Sherrod E. East Herbert Fine Aaron L. Fish Meyer H, Fishbein Miles McP. Fitch Edwin R. Flatequal Percy Scott Flippin W. Neil Franklin Herman R. Friis Richard W. Giroux Bess Glenn Milton B. Greenbaum Chester L, Guthrie Elizabeth E. Hamer Dorothy J. Hill Lyle J, Holverstott W. L. G. Joerg Herman Kahn E. Margaret Laxnoreaux Harold Larson Albert H. Leisinger, Jr. Max Levin Paul Lewinson John H. Martin Julius Mayers Ellen D, McBryde Lois Bell Miller James A. Minogue Thornton W. Mitchell James R. Mock Kenneth W. Munden Gibbs Myers Leo Pascal Olga V. Paul Suzanne W, Phinney Seymour J. Pomrenze Stuart Portner Albert Post William B, Rapley Allen M. Ross Edward F, Rowse Quintin M. Sanger Theodore R, Schellenberg Lester W. Smith Gerald 3, Snedeker Marie Charlotte Stark Natalia Summers Jerome Thomases Asa M. Thornton Evangeline Thurber Albert Whimpey Almon R, Wright CONTENTS Page Introduction vii General bibliography xi World War agencies and their records 1 Appendix: Hierarchical list of agencies described in the Handbook 635 INTRODUCTION This volume is modeled in part on the Handbook of Economic Agencies of the War of 1917, which was published ty the War depart- ment in 1919. It covers the period from America's entrance into the war in 1917 to the peace resolution of 1921, The word "agency" as used in the title of the present publication denotes any organiza- tional unit (that is, branch, section, division, board, or the like) of the Federal Government, or any interallied body in which the United States had representation. Articles for some 2,U00 permanent and emergency agencies, alphabetically arranged by titles of agen- cies, are included. A list at the back of the volume shows the same agencies arranged in such wise that subordinate units appear under their superior agency. Each article treats a single agency and stands by itself. First the title of the agency is given in capital letters, in an inverted form if necessary to bring out the key words. The name of the superior agency, if one existed, follows immediately, thus: TEXTILE AND RUBBER DIVISION, War Industries Board. As a rule the title or titles used are the ones under which the unit functioned at the height of its activity during the war period. Earlier or later titles are usually mentioned in the article. The text of the article is divided into three parts: (1) History, (2) functions, and (3) records. References to publica- tions containing additional information are usually included in the ar- ticles dealing with executive departments and other important agencies. The bibliography that follows this introduction contains general refer- ences on the war period. Such in brief is the framework of the volume, Within the frame- work much variation will be noted. In general the articles for large organizations, as compared with those for lesser units, occupy more space. But many exceptions occur. Words are not spared when they are needed to describe the tortuous history and complicated functions of a small unit. The size of an article, therefore, is no criterion of the importance or lack of importance of the agency in question. A number of subordinate units lack articles entirely because little or nothing is known of their activities. In such cases an effort has been made to call attention to the existence of the units by listing them in the article on the superior agency and in cross references. The discrepancy in the amount of information given concerning the records also requires a word of explanation. The records of many agen- cies, particularly those of the War Department, have not yet been studied sufficiently to permit of detailed analysis of contents. The files of others are swallowed up among the records of a superior or a successor agency; in such cases it is obviously impossible to give exact measurements or other details. Some of the World War records still remain in the custody of the agencies that created them or in the custody of successor agencies. Others are in private hands. The whereabouts of still others is at present unknown to the National Ar- chives, particularly that of the records of many of the international bodies in which the United States had representation. To a degree the description of functions in these cases compensates for the paucity of vii information in regard to the records. In truth, to recite the func- tions of an operating unit is virtually to indicate, in a general way, at least, the contents of its records. It is not amiss to remark fur- ther that the correspondence files of an agency consist of letters re- ceived and copies of letters sent by it. Consequently if no information is available in regard to the whereabouts of such correspondence files, one can be reasonably sure of finding at least some of the correspond- ence of the agency in question duplicated in the correspondence files of agencies with which it had relations. Because of the close coopera- tion existing between many agencies, this duplication often extends to reports, minutes of meetings, circular materials, and other papers. Field records are described, if at all, with those of the central office. Those of the Food and Fuel Administrations are cases in point. A different policy has been pursued with respect to the records of the fighting forces. The enormity of the task precluded at this time any treatment of such records created by the Army or the Navy, or of rec- ords of the war period created by embassies, legations, and consular offices under the direction of the State Department. The National Ar- chives has in its custody a considerable amount of such material. The use of some World War records is restricted, even though they may now be deposited in the National Archives. This statement applies especially to the records of the State Department and to some of those of other executive departments. Therefore, an indication of the exist- ence of such records is not to be construed as meaning that they are available for general consultation and research. Some of the papers mentioned as being deposited elsewhere may also be restricted, such as the 'Woodrow Wilson Papers in the Library of Congress, mentioned under "President of the United States," which may be consulted only with the consent of Mrs. Wilson. A number of agencies have been knowingly omitted from the volume. Among those excluded are units that performed only office management functions for a superior agency such as those relating to accounting, mail and files, library activities, information, and personnel. Ad- ministrative and executive offices, established merely to facilitate the operations of the superior agencies, are also omitted. The in- clusion of such units—every agency of any importance had housekeeping units—would have greatly increased the size of the volume without, it was felt, adding a proportionate usefulness. It is fully realized that the housekeeping units in any agency play an extremely important part in the performance of its functions. Indeed, the personnel and account- ing records in the National Archives are among those most frequently consulted. The beginning and terminal dates of an emergency agency are given when they could be obtained at this time. Those of the agencies that existed before and continued to exist after the war period were less important for the present purpose and consequently are given less frequently. Sometimes the dates given are less exact than they appear to be. One unit may have been operating long before the date of the order creating it, while another may not have begun to operate until days or weeks after such an order was issued. As regards terminal dates, several of the larger emergency agencies with numerous sub- divisions ceased activity gradually rather than on any particular day. viii Those who use the volume would do well to bear in mind that only part of its content for a given subject is readily seen at first glance. The alphabetical arrangement of the entries by titles of agencies, together with the use of inverted forms of titles as cross references when necessary to bring out key words, serves to bring into juxtaposition many of the agencies concerned with similar or related matters. But this arrangement fails to bring together such agencies if none of the key words in their titles happened to be the same. A user of the volume who is interested, for example, in such subjects as aircraft, food, lumber, priorities, transporta- tion, or wages, after looking for titles beginning with these words should look also for titles beginning with such words as aeronautics or aviation; meat, fish, canned goods, or agriculture; forest prod- ucts or timber; contracts; traffic, railroads, shipping, or inland waterways; and labor or industrial relations. No system of arrange- ment could bring out information hidden under some titles. The Bean Division of the Grain Corporation handled transactions not only in beans but also in peas, rice, and rolled oats. The National Museum conducted experiments on poison gases by means of the humble garden slug, yet the title gives no hint of this fact. Consequently an inspection of titles in this volume should be merely the prelude to further investigation. It would be difficult to imagine any Govern- ment activity during the World 7/ar concerning which information could not be found among the records in the National Archives. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY This is a selective bibliography of general works on Federal agencies in the World 7/ar. It contains books and articles that deal with the organization, activities, publications, or records of two or more agencies. More specialized works dealing with the activities of a single agency, such as annual or final reports, or with a particular subject, such as the Bulletins of the Bureau of Mines, are cited with the articles for the relevant agencies in the main body of this volume. Such works are usually cited only in connection with the superior agen- cy concerned. Adams, George P., Jr. Wartime price control. Washington [c.l9U2], 153 P. Baker, Ray Stannard. Woodrow Wilson; life and letters. Garden City, N. Y., 1927-39. 8 vols. VoIs. 6-8 deal with the war years. Berdahl, Clarence A. War powers of the Executive in the United States. [Urbana, c.1921.] 296 p. (Reprint from University of Illinois, Studies in the social sciences, vol. 9, nos. 1, 2. Mar,, June 1920.) Bogart, Ernest L. Economic organization for war. American political science review, lin 587-606 (Nov. 1920). Government agencies in the war effort. Campbell, Edward G. Old records in a new war. American archivist, 5: 156-168 (July 19U2). Clarkson, Grosvenor B. Industrial America in the World War; the strategy behind the line, 1917-1918. Boston, 1923. xxiii, 573 p. Committee on Public Information. Official U, S, bulletin, vols. 1-3, May 10, 1917-Mar. 31, 1919; nos. 1-575. Washington, 1917-19. 3 vols. A daily summary of war news and Government activity. Crowell, Benedict, and Robert F. Wilson. The giant hand; our mobili- zation and control of industry and natural resources, 1917-1918. New Haven, 1921. xxx, 191 p. (How America went to war.) Crowell, John F, Government war contracts. New York, 1920, xiv, 357 p. (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Economics and History Division, Preliminary economic studies of the war, no. 25.) Documents Office. Document catalogue. The war-related publications of the Government will be found mainly in vols, 13 to 16, July 1915 to June 1923. Frothingham, Thomas G, The American reinforcement in the World War; with an introduction by Newton D, Baker. Garden City, N. Y., 1927. xxxix, 388 p, A general account from the military angle. xi Hardy, Charles 0. Wartime control of prices. Washington, 19U0. 216 p. (Institute of Economics of the Brookings Institution, Pub- lication no. 8U.) PtTT deals with price control during the first World War. Herring, Edward Pendleton, ed. Civil-military relations; biblio- graphical notes on administrative problems of civilian mobilization. Chicago, 19U0, 77 p. Prepared for the Committee on Public Administration of the Social Science Research Council. Leland, Waldo G., and Newton D. Mereness, comps. Introduction to the American official sources for the economic and social history of the World War. New Haven, 1926. xlvii, $32 p. (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Economics and History Division, Economic and social history of the World War, American series.) A brief account of the organization and functions of those agen- cies of the Government that conducted important social or economic activities during the period of American participation in the World War. Their more significant publications are listed and their rec- ords and files are described. Library of Congress, Bibliography Division. Federal commissions, com- mittees and boards; list of Federal commissions, committees, boards, and similar bodies created during the period September lU, 1901, to March U, 1929. Washington, 1930. II47 p. (71 Cong., 2 sess., S. doc. 17U.) Litman, Simon. Prices and price control in Great Britain and the United States during the World War, New York, 1920. 331 p. (Carnegie En- dowment for International Peace, Economics and History Division, Pre- liminary economic studies of the war, no. 19.) . Miller, David Hunter. My diary at the Conference of Paris, with docu- ments. [New York, 192it.] 21 vols. and case maps. Morrow, Dwight W. The society of free states. New York [1919]. 223 p. Ch. 6 mentions briefly the Interallied Council on War Purchases and Finance and describes the organization of the Allied Maritime Transport Council at the Interallied Conference in Paris in 1917 and the work of the program committees and two of the coordinating bodies, the Food and Munitions Councils. National Archives. Guide to the material in the National Archives. Washington, xviii, 303 p. Supplemented by the annual lists of accessions published as ap- pendixes to the Annual Reports of the Archivist of the United States. Paxson, Frederic L. America at war, 1917-1918, Boston, 1939. U6$ p. (American democracy and the World War, vol. 2.) Paxson, Frederic L. The American war Government, 1917-1918. American historical review, 26: 5U-76 (Oct. 1920). A well-documented article tracing the development of American organization to carry on the war. Salter, Sir James A. Allied shipping control; an experiment in inter- national administration. Oxford, 1921. xxiii, 372 p, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Economics and History Division, xii Economic and social history of the World War, British series.) ?Ke author was Secretary to the Allied Maritime Transport Council and Chairman of the Allied Maritime Transport Executive. The volume contains information on the operations of these and a number of associated Allied organizations. Short, Lloyd M. The development of national administrative organiza- tion in the United States, Baltimore, 1923. 5lk p. (Institute for Government Research, Studies in administration, no. 10.) Shotwell, James T, At the Paris Peace Conference, New York, 1937. Ukk p. Surface, Frank M., and Raymond L. Bland. American food in the ’World War and reconstruction period; operations of the organizations under the direction of Herbert Hoover, 191U to 192k. Stanford University, Calif., 1931. xxiii, 1033 p. Van Dorn, Harold A. Government owned corporations. New York, 1926. 311 p. Van Rise, Charles R. Conservation and regulation in the United States during the World War; an outline for a course of lectures to be given in higher educational institutions; prepared for the United States Food Administration, Washington and Madison, Wis., 1917-18. 2 pts. Two pamphlets describing conservation and regulation activities of the Food and Fuel Administrations, the War Trade Board, and the War Industries Board and similar activities connected with the ad- ministration of priorities. War Department, General Staff, War Plans Division, Historical Branch. Economic mobilization in the United States for the war of 1917. [Washington] 1918. 39 p. (War Department, Doc, no. 885. Histori- cal Branch, Monograph no. 2.) War Department, General Staff, War Plans Division, Historical Branch. A handbook of economic agencies of the war of 1917. Washington, 1919. 539 p. (War Department, Doc, no. 908. Historical Branch, Monograph no. 3.) Prepared by the Economic Mobilization Section of which Frederic L. Paxson was Chief. Contains about 2,000 entries for private and Government agencies, alphabetically arranged. Includes an index of names of executives (21 p.). Out of print. Watkins, Gordon S. Labor problems and labor administration in the United States during the World War. [Urbana, c.1920.] 2h7 p. (University of Illinois, Studies in the social sciences, vol. 8, nos. 3, h» Sept., Dec. 1919.) Pt. 2, "Development of war labor administration," traces the development of a centralized administration. Willoughby, William F, Government organization in war time and after; a survey of the Federal civil agencies created for the prosecution of the war. New York, 1919. xix, 370 p. (Problems of war and of reconstruction.) Wooddy, Carroll H, The growth of the Federal Government, 1915-1932. New York, 193k. 577 p. (Recent social trends monographs.) xiii WORLD WAR AGENCIES AND THEIR RECORDS A ABRASIVES SECTION, ELECTRODES AND, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—See ELECTRODES AND ABRASIVES SECTION. ABSORBENT TESTING SECTION, Gas-Mask Research Division, War Gas Inves- tigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See GAS-MASK RE- SEARCH DIVISION. ACCIDENT PREVENTION SECTION, Fire and Accident Prevention Branch, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See FIRE AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION BRANCH. ACCIDENTS DUE TO EXPLOSIVES SECTION, INVESTIGATION OF, Mining Divi- sion, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See MINING DIVISION, ACCOUNTING COMMITTEE, Public Service and Accounting Division, Rail- road Administration,—Created on April 2, 1918. Took over func- tions formerly handled by the Military Transportation Accounting Committee of the Railroads' War Board. Abolished February 1, 1919. Functions: To advise the Director of the Division on railroad ac- counting procedures. During the period of Government operation of the railroads, many changes in accounting methods were made in the interests of uniformity and efficiency. Records: Whereabouts un- known. ACCOUNTING DIVISION, Depot Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—In existence by June 21, 1918, Operated through five Sections, as follows: Initial Overseas Issues, Automatic Overseas Issues, United States Issues, Property Returns and Records, and Reports of Receipts and Shipments, In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, of October 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Divi- sion, Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions: To maintain records of stock on hand at all depots, to correlate all requisi- tions for stock, to correlate priorities of requisitions, and to transmit the final tabulations of demands to the appropriate de- pots, Records: Probably with those of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in NA, ACCOUNTING DIVISION, Railroad Administration,—First existed as a part of the Public Service and Accounting Division; created as a separate Division on February 1, 1919, Its functions were trans- ferred to the Comptroller’s Office on January 7, 1920, Functions: To handle accounts of the central administration of the railroads and the combined accounts of all railroads under Federal control, and to prescribe railroad accounting practices. Records; 1918-20 (a small quantity, combined with those of the Comptroller’s Office, 1918-36, total 103 feet) in NA, Include records relating to ac- counting operations and administrative matters and some corre- spondence with railroads relating to claims. The bulk of the rec- ords was authorized for destruction on March 30, 1934# ACCOUNTING DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,— In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions: To de- termine the basis of cos t-pl vis-prof its contracts, the fairness of bid prices on proprietary articles, the proper allowances for amortization and plant improvement, the financial conditions of various companies and the merit of their claims for advances of money, and, in general, all relations of the Bureau with contrac- tors, See also COMPENSATION BOARD, Records: Dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, ACCOUNTS AND ADJUSTMENTS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created in January 1918, Be- came part of the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage when the Division was transferred to that Office on October 19, 1918, Functions: To make and execute contracts entered into by the Division; to handle claims made by packers and canners with respect to final prices upon goods taken by allotment; to advise upon legal matters; to handle contract terminations; and to repre- sent the Division in commandeering procedures. Records; Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, ACCOUNTS, CLAIMS, AND FISCAL AFFAIRS DIVISION, Judge Advocate Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—The duties and functions of the Division were greatly increased by the National Defense Act of June 3, 1916, and by wartime legislation passed in 1917 and 1918. Functions; To handle questions arising in connection with the mak- ing and execution of contracts for military supplies; to handle the many questions coning before the Office arising out of contract, tort, and the exercise of authority conferred by emergency legis- lation for the acquisition of supplies and real property; and to deal with problems relative to the pay of the Army and the expendi- ture of appropriations in general and with questions concerning property responsibility. Records; In the Judge Advocate General's Office, ACIDS AND HEAVY CHEMICALS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Formed about May 1, 1918; discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions: To procure sufficient sulphuric and nitric acids for war needs by creating new producing capacity, investigating and controlling the supply of raw materials, working out transportation problems, and allocating supply. Records: Probably among those of the Board in NA, ACIDS SECTION, NITRATES AND, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau Navy Department.—See NITRATES AND ACIDS SECTION, ACIDS SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Formed in May 1917; in November it became the Acids Committee (or Section) of the Chemical Alliance, Inc, Functions; To handle matters pertaining to acids for the Commit- tee. Records; Most of them were transferred to the Chemical Alliance, but a few are scattered among the records of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, ACTUARIAL DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.— Probably created on or shortly after August 20, 1918, and placed under the supervision of the Actuary of the Bureau, who was ap- pointed by the Secretary of the Treasury, Existed as a Division until August 9, 1921, when the War Risk Insurance Bureau was 2 abolished by the legislation creating the Veterans 1 Bureau. Functions: To handle the actuarial work of the Bureau, that is, the work pertaining to the calculation of insurance risks and pre- miums. Records: In the Veterans' Administration, ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION, NATIONAL.—See NATIONAL ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION. ADJUSTMENT COMMITTEE, Housing Corporation,—Organized on November 13, 1918, Included representatives of the Requirements and Construc- tion Divisions, Reorganized on March 1, 1919, and functioned until some time after 1920, Functions: To adjust claims for additional remuneration resulting from changes in projects contracted for and claims arising from the cancelation of contracts after the armistice Records: 1919-20 (2 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence, minutes and reports of the Committee, and blueprints. ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR'S DEPARTMENT, Marine Corps Headquarters, Navy Department.—See MARINE CORPS HEADQUARTERS. ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, THE, War Department,—An act of April 23, 1904, consolidated the existing Adjutant-General's Office and the Record and Pension Office of the Department to form the Military Secretary's Office. By an act of March 2, 1907, the title was changed to ''the Adjutant-General's Office," and by the time of the war it had become "The Adjutant General's Office," Functions: To record, authenticate, and communicate to the troops and individuals in the military service all orders, instructions, and regulations issued by the VJar Department; to have custody of the official rec- ords; to conduct correspondence relating to the records and to the military service in general; to prepare and distribute commissions and military decorations; to compile and issue the Official Army Register and the Army last and Directory; to manage the recruiting service; to consolidate the general returns of the Army; to have control, under the direction of the Secretary, of the disciplinary barracks and its branches and of all offenders sent there; and to publish and distribute War Department regulations, manuals, and miscellaneous documents pertaining to the military service. Records: Those in NA are the so-called "storage files" of the Of- fice, 1917-36 (2,736 feet), which include an "overflow file" of inactive records weeded from the central subject files, together with "bulky package" and "too bulky package" files. The central subject files and the major part of the other records of the Office are in the War Department, References: Livingston Natrons, A Brief History of The Adjutant General's Department From June 16th. 1775 to December 31st. 1925 (Governors Island, N. Y., 19277; Adju- tant General's Office, Duties of The Adjutant General of the Army and Organization of His Office (Mar, 1918, Processed), ADMINISTRATION DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— Originated as the General Administration Bureau, which was created upon the reorganization of the Office on January 14, 1918, by Of- fice Order No. 104, Became the Administration Division on May 25, 1918, pursuant to Office Order No, 222, Included the following Sections: Accounting, Advisory, Arsenal Administration, Auxiliary, Disbursing, Finance, Finance and Property, Housing and Protection, Information, Instruction, Legal Advisory, Mail and Record, Mili- tary Information, and Personnel, Functions; To supervise and coordinate the matters indicated by the names of its sections; to direct commandeering proceedings; and to handle the relations of the Office with the Judge Advocate General and the Comptroller and Auditor of the Department, Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, 3 ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about November 30, 1918, and in existence on June 30, 1919, when it functioned through the following Sections: Control, Lfe.il and File, Office Service, Advertising, Preferential Markets, Contract, Sta- tistical, and Zone Methods, Functions: To develop methods and supervise the organization for conducting the routine business of the Division and its zone representatives, and to issue orders and regulations. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION, Fuel Administration,—Established in September 1917, with the appointment of G, W. Nasnyth as Executive Secretary. In May 1918 it was reorganized with greatly increased supervisory powers under Cyrus L, Gamsey, Jr,, who was also Assis- tant Fuel Administrator, Had general supervision over the Legal Department; the Business Office; the Conservation, Education, In- vestigation, Labor, Prices, Production, State Organizations, and Traffic and Transportation Bureaus; the Mine Track Committee; and the Wholesale and Retail Advisers, Terminated July 1, 1919, Functions; To administer all the work of the Administration except that relating to oil or to the distribution of coal and coke. Records; 1917-19 (967 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, re- ports, memoranda, office records, pay rolls, fiscal records, tabu- lations, statistics, and technical files. Deal especially with matters relating to general administration and to the production of coal and coke. References; Fuel Administration, Report of the Administrative Division. 1917-1919 (2 pts,). ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment,—Existed under this name at the outbreak of the war. Some of the Branches through which it operated were as follows: Bakery, Cemeterial, Communications. Contracts, and Telegraph and Cable, In January 1918 it became first the Administration Division and then the General Administrative Bureau. On April 16, 1918, the Bureau was succeeded by the Administration Division, Finally, on October 28, 1918, the Division became the General Administrative Division of the Purchase and Storage Director's Office. Functions; To conduct the administration of the Office, Records: With those of the Office in NA, ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION, Hospital Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Probably established soon after the organization of the Division early in July 1917, Also referred to as the Administration Bureau and the Administration Section. Soon after the signing of the armistice it became the Administrative Sub- section of the newly created Hospital Administration Section, Functions: To handle the administration of all hospitals directly under the Office and to act as the executive agency for the Divi- sion; to procure hospital trains and cars and to maintain liaison with The Adjutant General's Office and the ports of embarkation relative to hospital-train service; and to pro cure and distribute Sanitary Corps personnel for administrative work in the hospitals. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ADMIRALTY AND MARITIME DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department,—Probably in existence prior to the war. Functions: To handle questions and claims arising in the War Department with reference to vessels or vessel property. Records: In the Judge Advocate General's Office, u ADVANCE PAYMENT BRANCH, Credits Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established early in 1918, Functions: To act as liaison between the Division and the War Credits Board, and to arrange for advance payments to contractors. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ADVERTISING BRANCH, Information Section, General Administration Bureau, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—-See INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION SECTION, Administration Division, ADVERTISING COMMITTEE, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration,— Appointed on May 1, 1918; discontinued on March 1, 1920, Functions: To formulate regulations governing advertising by railroads under Federal control. Records: Whereabouts unknown. ADVERTISING DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Organized in December 1917, Offices in New York City, Terminated on December 15, 1918, William H. Johns, Director, Functions: To promote the war effort through the use of advertising; especially to obtain free advertising space and to direct advertising campaigns for various agencies of the Government. Records; 1917-19 (15 feet) in NA, Include letters offering advertising space and records of advertis- ing space contributions. Some "miscellaneous correspondence" of the Division was disposed of as useless papers in 1930. ADVERTISING SECTION, Administrative Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established about January 1, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1919. Operated through three Subsections: Account Check- ing, Lists and Mail, and Filing, Functions: To assist and advise on advertising matters and policies with reference to the sale of surplus property; to contract for and place advertising matter in periodicals and newspapers; to prepare advertising copy; and to circularize potential buyers of surplus property. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, ADVERTISING SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.— Organized on January 15, 1918, through the consolidation of the Indoor Advertising Section (formerly under the Food Conservation Division) and the Outdoor Advertising and Motion Picture Sections. In October the motion-picture work was transferred to the Illustra- tions and Plates Section. Terminated with the Division in January 1919, Functions: To obtain free advertising space in publications and to distribute posters, streetcar placards, and other advertis- ing. Records; 1917-19 (18 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, posters, lantern slides, and motion pictures. ADVERTISING SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Divi- sion, Information and Education Service, Labor Department,— Probably created with the Division in January 1919 and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919, Functions; To handle Govern- ment advertising in connection with the program for the stimula- tion of private and public construction. Records; Disposition authorized ly Congress in 1928, ADVISORY BOARD OF JUST COMPENSATION, Shipping Board.—See OCEAN AD- VISORY COMMITTEE ON JUST COMPENSATION. 5 ADVISORY BRANCH, Production Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created in the Section on October 1, 1917; transferred to the newly created Production Division by Gun Divi- sion Order No, 58 on January 17, 1918. Functions: To be responsible for matters of a nature so specialized as not to be included in the functions of the other branches of the Section; to obtain technical advice in regard to materials, methods, and processes; and to keep adequately informed of and in direct touch with organized labor, local labor conditions, labor conditions in plants under Government contracts, conditions of work, rates of pay, and the sources of labor supply. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ADVISORY COMISSION, Council of National Defense.—Appointed on October 11, 1916, by the President on nomination of the Council in accordance with the Army Appropriation Act of August 29, 1916. Con- sisted of the following seven members, who headed the Committees indicated: Daniel V/illard (Chairman), Transportation and Conmunica- tion; Howard E. Coffin, Munitions, Manufacturing, and Industrial Relations; Julius Rosenwald, Supplies; Bernard M, Baruch, Raw Mate- rials, Minerals, and Metals; Hollis Godfrey, Engineering and Educa- tion; Samuel Gompers, Labor; and Dr, Franklin Martin, Medicine and Sanitation, Little work seems to have been done by the Commission until after the entry of the United States into the war. The com- missioners were to call conferences of representatives of trades, business, and professions, who in turn were to be asked to organize committees to consider problems affecting national defense sub- mitted to them by the Council. By a decision of February 13, 1917, there were created cooperative committees of industry, most of them subordinate to the Chairmen of the Committees on Supplies and on Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals; and immediately following the declaration of war and in the succeeding weeks these committees or others of like composition were appointed subcommittees of the Com- mission, They were composed of men prominent in their respective fields of industry, who served without pay. Their activities con- sisted of (l) furnishing information regarding industrial resources, manufacturing capacities, and means of increasing production and converting facilities; (2) assisting in accelerating service for the Government; (3) negotiating price agreements; and (4) distribut- ing orders and awarding contracts. The large number of committees, more than 150, and the difficulties attending efficient coordina- tion necessitated a reorganization in July 1917, which gave to the newly created War Industries Board an advisory function in coor- dinating purchases for the Army and Navy, A provision of the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917, regarding contracts with firms in which committeemen were financially interested, brought about resignations from the cooperative committees on a large scale, and the final dissolution of these committees was announced by the Council on December 7, 1917, This brought about only a nominal change in relations, inasmuch as the dissolved committees were reestablished either as sections of the War Industries Board or by the industries themselves as "War Service Committees" (q, v.), Functions: To advise and aid the Council of National Defense in the execution of its functions of coordinating industries and resources for the national security and welfare and of creating re- lations that would render possible the immediate concentration and utilization of the resources of the Nation, Records; Those among the records of the Council in NA include correspondence and other papers of the Chairman, minutes of meetings of the Commission, and a considerable quantity of records of the Committees on labor and on Medicine and Sanitation, Many of the records of the Committees 6 on Supplies and on Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals and their subcommittees are also in NA among the records of the War Industries Board. The records of many of the cooperative committees of indus- try are probably in private hands. ADVISORY COUNCIL, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.— Appointed by the Secretary of labor in January 1918 and consisted of seven men and women who represented capital, labor, and the public. The first meeting of the Council was held on January 16, and it reported 3 days later. It apparently ceased to exist shortly thereafter, John Lind, Chairman, Functions; To recommend the machinery for a national labor program. In its report the Council recommended the revision and expansion of existing -units of the Department, the creation of new services, and the means whereby proper administrative relations might be maintained between them and other Government agencies. Most of its recommendations were adopted. Records: Whereabouts unknown, A part of the memorandum submitted by the Council as its report and a chart showing the proposed organizational changes are, however, in the Labor Depart- ment, Annual Report. 1918, p. 97-98, References: Labor Statistics Bureau, National War Labor Board. 10, 30 (Bulletin 287. Washington, 1922). ADVISORY INSURANCE COMMITTEE, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See INSURANCE DIVISION, ADVISORY SECTION, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Originated in functions performed by the Legal Section of the Finance Division after the summer of 1917, In January 1918 these functions were enlarged and transferred to the newly created Legal and Advisory Board of the Office, A short time later this was succeeded by the Advisory Section of the Gen- eral Administration Bureau (later the Administration Division), Functions: To act as the channel of communication between the Of- fice and the Offices of the Judge Advocate General and the Attorney General; to formulate and transmit requests for their opinions and decisions, as well as for those of the Comptroller of the Treasury; to handle legislative matters; to advise in the matter of doubtful payments under contracts; and to handle matters relating to de- ferred draft classifications of employees of the Ordnance Depart- ment, Also to handle matters arising out of requests by the various divisions of the Office for compulsory orders and for requi- sitions or condemnations of private property (so-called commandeer- ing), Including the preparation and presentation of relevant data to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Director's Office and, with respect to valuations, to the Appraisers Board, and to arrange for the payment of awards and the maintenance of all records pertaining to the foregoing. Records: Probably with those of the Office of the Chief of Ordnance in NA, ADVISORY SHIPPING COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—See SHIPPING COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense, ADVISORY TAX BOARD, Internal Revenue Bureau, Treasury Department.— Organized under the provisions of an act of March 3# 1919, and functioned until October 1 of the same year, when it was super- seded by the Committee on Appeals and Review, a predecessor of the Board of Tax Appeals, Functions: To assist in the interpretation of tax laws and regulations, to conduct hearings of taxpayers, and to work out administrative principles. Records: In the Chief Counsel's Office, Bureau of Internal Revenue. 7 AEROLOGICAL DIVISION, Weather Bureau, Agriculture Department,—-Upper- air observations have been made by the weather service since 1871* During the war this work was considerably expanded under authority of the Array Appropriation Act of May 12, 1917, which provided for the establishment of additional aerological stations. Since the passage of the Air Commerce Act of 1926 and the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 the responsibilities of the Division have been greatly enlarged. Functions: During the war upper-air data were obtained by means of which air flights were directed certain problems connected with artillery practices were solved. Information rela- tive to upper-air conditions in the United States and in Europe was provided for the use of the military, naval, and postal avia- tion services. Records: Among the general files of the Bureau in NA. AERONAUTIC INSTRUMENTS SECTION, Science and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War Department,—See SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DIVISION. AERONAUTICAL COMMISSION,—A mission, also known as the Bolling Aero- nautical Mission, headed by Maj, R, C. Bolling, a member of the Aircraft Production Board, and consisting of representatives of the krmy and Navy and civilian experts. This group sailed from New York on June 17, 1917, and visited England, Prance, and Italy. Major Bolling made his final report to the Chief Signal Officer of the Army on August 15, 1917, Functions: To interview aeronautical experts in Europej formulate an aircraft manufacturing program for America; arrange for the training of American flyers in British schools and of American mechanics in British airplane factories; effect shipments of British airplanes, engines, and accessories to the United States; conclude a contract with the French Government for the purchase of airplanes and engines; and obtain sample air- plane material from Italy, Records: Among those of the Air Corps Chief's Office in The Adjutant General's Office, War Department. References: Henry G, Pearson, A Business Man in Uniform: Raynal Cawthorne Bolling. 110-1A1 (New York, 1923). AERONAUTICAL COMMISSION, INTERALLIED, Peace Conference.—See INTERr- ALLIED AERONAUTICAL COMMISSION. AERONAUTICAL DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Depart- ment.—See AIR DIVISION. AERONAUTICS COMMITTEE, National Research Council,—See NATIONAL AD- VISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS. AERONAUTICS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy.Department.— Created on November A, 1915# and consisted of seven members, Henry A. W. Wood, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. AERONAUTICS DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department,— Established on June 1, 1917, and abolished on August 10, 1921. Its functions were transferred to the newly created Bureau of Aero- nautics, Divided into three Sections: Engineering, Production, and Operation and Maintenance. Functions; To design and develop the power plants of naval aircraft and to inspect, expedite the production of, and supervise the operation and maintenance in service of aviation material. Records: 191A-21 (8A feet) in NA, General correspondence, operations orders, and special instruc- tions, References; Naval Records and Library Office, History 8 of the Bureau of Engineering. Navy Department. During the World War. 132-13A (Washington. 1922). AERONAUTICS DIVISION, MILITARY, War Department.—See MILITARY AERO- NAUTICS DIVISION. AERONAUTICS NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—See NATIONAL ADVISORY COM- MITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS. AERONAUTICS OFFICE, NAVAL, Naval Operations Office, Navy Depart- ment.—See NAVAL AERONAUTICS OFFICE. AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE,—Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Food Administrator in March 1918, Its first meeting was held March 28-April A, its second meeting June 27- July 2, and its third meeting August 5-8. It established five Sub- committees, as follows: Livestock and Packing Products; Dairy Products; Perishable Products; Seeds, Grains, and Non-Perishable Products; and labor. Its activities terminated on March 1, 1919. Functions: To represent agricultural and livestock interests; to keep Government agencies in touch with production and food problems throughout the Nation; and to keep the people informed of the activities and functions of Government agencies. Records: 1918 C2 feet) in NA in the correspondence files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture for 1918, Include correspondence, steno- graphic reports of proceedings, minutes, resolutions, and other papers. AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION TO EUROPE, Agriculture Department,--Appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture in August 1918, It sailed for Europe on August 23 and returned on November 5, 1918, W, C, Thompson, Chairman, Functions: To obtain information relative to agricultural problems in England, Prance, and Italy, including the use of machinery and women in fanning operations; the depletion of herds and the probable extent to which Europe might call on the United States for livestock to replenish herds; the seed situation and the probabilities of obtaining supplies from Europe; and simi- lar matters. Records: 1918-19 (8 inches) in the general files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture in NA, Include corre- spondence, reports of the Commissioners, the final report, and other papers relating to the trip. References: Agricultural Com- mission to Europe, Report (Washington, 1919). AGRICULTURAL DIVISION, Boys’ Working Reserve, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Organized in April 1917 as part of the Boys' Working Reserve and probably terminated with it in June 1919, Functions: To enroll boys from 16 to 21 years of age for work on farms. Records: Yfhereabouts unknown. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, VEHICIES, AND WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board,—See VEHICLE, IMPLEMENT, AND WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION. AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGICAL DIVISION, Weather Bureau, Agriculture Department,—Organized on February 21, 1916, to coordinate various activities long performed by the Weather Bureau. On July 1, 1932, the Division was combined with the Climatological Division to form the Climate and Crop Weather Division, Functions: During the war, the Division cooperated with the Farm Management Office in an attempt to ameliorate farm labor problems by furnishing data 9 relative to the harvesting time of various crops. It prepared for use at the Paris Peace Conference a general summary of the climate of Africa, with special attention to the former German colonies. Records: Combined with those of the Climate and Crop Weather Divi- sion and with the general files of the Bureau in NA. AGRICULTURAL RELATIONS DIVISION, Food Administration.—See AGRICUL- TURAL RELATIONS SECTION, Perishable Foods Division. AGRICULTURAL RELATIONS SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Ad- ministration,—Originated in February 1918 as part of the Perish- able Foods Division. Organized as a separate division in October and terminated in December, Functions; To keep in touch with producers' associations and the Agricultural Advisory Committee, to gather data for the Priorities Division of the War Industries Board, and to furnish weekly information on the food situation to speakers representing Jointly the Food Administration and the Department of Agriculture. Records: 1918 (6 feet) in NA, Correspondence on market conditions, the distribution and control of food supplies, food substitutes, and farm problems; an information file; and other papers. AGRICULTURAL SECTION, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on July 10, 1918, Worked through regional committees, sub- committees, and agricultural representatives of the railroads, in dose cooperation with the Agriculture Department and the Food Adrainistration. Discontinued on March 1, 1920. Functions; To coordinate agricultural development work among railroads under Federal control, and to aid in campaigns for increased food produc- tion, Records; Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934- AGRICULTURE, BOTANY, FORESTRY, ZOOLOGY, AND FISHERIES DIVISION, National Research Council.—Organized in April 1918, with Vemon L, Kellogg as Chairman. Sometimes referred to as the Biology Division. In this Division were grouped the Agriculture, Botany, Botanical Raw Products, and Zoology Committees, At the time of the armistice the following additional Committees were also active: Fisheries, Forestry, Fibers, Protein Metabolism in Animal Feeding, Physiologi- cal Salt Requirements of Certain Cultivated Plants, and a Special Joint Committee on Fertilizer Investigations, On April 14, 1919, the Division was reorganized for peacetime as the Biology and Agriculture Division. Functions: In addition to initiating inves- tigations, the Division helped to establish cooperation between the investigations of its constituent committees. Upon request of the War Department it formulated courses of study in biology, proto- zoology, animals in relation to disease, plant pathology, botanical raw products, and wood inspection for the Students' Array Training Corps, It furnished information to the War Department on sources for charcoal for gas masks and on the possible use of animals as indicators of the presence of poison gas, and it ascertained that certain native woods were better suited for airplane propellers than the mahogany imported from Africa, Other projects related to fertilizers, poultry feeding, animal feeding, rodent pests, sizing materials, the salting of fish in southern climates, and the lac and mesquite gum supply. Records; In the National Research Coun- cil. AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, National Research Council,—Appointed in 1916 10 with Raymond Pearl as Chairman. Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918, Functions: To encourage research in agricultural problems related to the war, and to serve as a clearing- house for bringing together persons working on similar agricultural problems. The following were among the problems selected for imme- diate consideration: The systematic correlation of work on the conservation of breeding stock, the development of experiments upon the economic use of protein in animal food, and the significance of proteins of different kinds and in different quantities. Records: In the National Research Council. AGRICULTURE EEPARTMENT.—Established as an independent Department under the supervision of a Commissioner by an act of May 15, 1862, and given executive status under a Secretary with Cabinet rank by an act of February 9, 1889. Functions: Through its various bureaus and offices, to conduct investigations relating to agricul- tural products with a view to increasing their production, inspect- ing their quality, avoiding their waste, and providing substitutes; to control supplies and facilities needed for the production of agricultural products through the licensing of the ammonia, the fertilizer, the farm machinery, and the stockyard industries under the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917; and to survey food resources under the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917. The Department cooperated closely with the Food Administration, It attempted to increase production by bringing about internal economy, the use of better methods, and greater production per unit, while the Food Administration dealt with the situation resulting from the demands made upon the food supply by both the United States and the Allies through price regulation, the restriction of demand, and con- servation campaigns. Records: Most of those for the World War period are in NA. The general files of the Office of the Secretary for 1917-18 (100 feet) include incoming and outgoing letters, memoranda, miscellaneous papers, and speeches relating to war emer- gency activities. Among them is material pertaining to the Council of National Defense; the preserving, conserving, and producing of' food; the promoting of home gardens and the cultivating of yards and lots; the supplying of farm labor; the necessity of priorities for farm machinery; the purchasing and distributing of seeds to the farmers; the increasing and fixing of food prices; and the hoarding of foods. Among the correspondence are copies of outgoing letters of Assistant Secretaries or of Assistants to the Secretary, includ- ing those of his representative on the War Trade Board in 1917, and of the men who were in charge of procuring and distributing nitrate of soda, of licensing the farm machinery and the ammonia and fer- tilizer industries, and of managing other war programs. Records of subdivisions of the Department are described under its various units. References; A, G. Peterson, Price Administration. Priori- ties. and Conservation of Supplies Affecting Agriculture in the United States in 1917-18 (Nov. 1941, Processed); Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Food Admini strati on (Nov, 1918, Processed); Agriculture Department, Summary of Important Plans and Activities of the Department of Agriculture. 1913-1918 (June 1918. Processed). Department of Agriculture in the War (1919, Processed), and Program of Work of * the United States Department of Agriculture for the Fiscal Year 1919 (Washington, 1919), AGRICULTURE DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.—Created in 1902 and still in existence. Functions: To collect, compile, and prepara fdr publication decennial statistics relating to 11 agriculture. It assisted the Bureau in its general war duties, es- pecially in compiling data pertaining to commercial greenhouses and in preparing tables for the Food Administration and War Industries Board showing the relationship between population and the quantity of agricultural products. Records: 1920 (A feet) in NA. General farm schedules. Other records are in the Census Bureau. AIR DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War Department,—An Avia- tion Section was created in the Office by an act of July 18, 1914. Its work was continued by the Aeronautical Division, established in the Office on November U, 1915* On October 1, 1917, this Division became the Air Division, By an Executive order of May 20, 1918, its functions were divided between the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Division of Military Aeronautics, Functions: To conduct avia- tion operations and to maintain general supervision over military aircraft; also to supervise the training of officers and men in matters relating to military aviation. Records: Some may be among those of the Office in NA; others are probably in the offices of the Air Forces, War Department, AIR SERVICE CHIEF’S OFFICE, War Department.—On May 29, 1918, The Adjutant General, by order of the Secretary of War, directed that an air service be organized, to consist of the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Division of Military Aeronautics, This order apparently did not involve the setting up of a new organization to include these two units, but simply the concept that their func- tions comprised the activities of an air service. By General Or- ders, No, 81, August 28, 1918, the Second Assistant Secretary of War was designated to act as Director of the Air Service and to exercise such control and direction over these units as might be necessary. His powers were strengthened by General Orders, No, 19, January 29, 1919, and by Executive Order No, 3066, March 19, 1919, under which the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Division of Military Aeronautics were consolidated in the Air Service, By an act of June 4, 1920, statutory provision was made for the Air Service with the Chief of the Air Service as its head. The Air Service became the Air Corps in 1926. Functions; To be responsible for procuring and furnishing the Army in the field with the materiel and personnel required for the Air Service and to direct the opera- tions of that Service, Records; In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department. AIR SERVICE CLAIMS BOARD, Air Service Chief’s Office, War Depart- ment,—Formed on March 10, 1919, by combining the. Board of Review of the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Board of Contract Re- view of the Division of Military Aeronautics. Dissolved about 1921, Functions: To settle claims arising under contracts previously entered into by the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Division of Military Aeronautics, working under the general supervision of the War Department Claims Board, Records: In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department, AIR SERVICE MEDICAL DIVISION, Surgeon General’s Office, War Depart- ment,—Originated in May 1917, when an officer of the Medical Corps was detailed to take charge of the aviation phases of the work of * the Surgeon General's Office. On May 11, 1918, an Aviation Divi- sion was created in the Office; this on May 23 was renamed the Air Service Division and became commonly known as the Air Service Medi- cal Division, Abolished on March 14, 1919, Functions: To organize and carry out physical examinations of Army aviation applicants. 12 and to handle matters relating to medical personnel, equipment, and supplies as well as other medical questions concerning aeronautics. Similar functions appear to have been performed by the Air Division, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, and the Medical Section, Mili- tary Aeronautics Division, War Department. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, AIR SERVICE SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department,—Established during the first half of 1918. Functions: To combine and coordinate engineering work pertaining to aircraft armament. It handled matters pertaining to aircraft machine guns and accessories; special antiaircraft machine guns, mounts, sights, and accessories; airplane drop bombs, bomb sights, bomb carriers, and release mechanisms; and airplane flares (except pyrotechnics). It was also responsible, operating through the Planning Section, for the inauguration of designs of airplane guns of large caliber, of special armor plate, and of all other material pertaining to aircraft except ammunition. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. AIRCRAFT BOARD,—Created by an act of October 1, 1917, to assume the functions hitherto exercised by the Aircraft Production Board of the Council of National Defense, Consisted of nine members, in- cluding the Chief Signal Officer of the War Department and the Chief of the Construction and Repair Bureau of the Navy Department. By Executive Order No, 3066, March 19, 1919, the Board was dissolved. Functions: To act in an advisory capacity to the Chief Signal Of- ficer and to the Secretary of the Navy relative to the purchase and production of aircraft, to make recommendations as to contracts for aircraft and the distribution of contracts, and to serve as a clear- inghouse for aeronautical information for the Army and Navy, Records: Probably in the War Department, AIRCRAFT BOARD, JOINT ARMY AND NAVY TECHNICAL.—See JOINT ARMY AND NAVY TECHNICAL AIRCRAFT BOARD. AIRCRAFT BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION. AIRCRAFT DIVISION, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department.— Apparently established in 1916 and continued as a part of this Bureau until 1921, when it was transferred to the Bureau of Aero- nautics. Functions: To have charge of matters in connection with the design, construction, and testing of naval aircraft and its maintenance in service. The work was divided among three principal Sections: Design (the preparation of plans and specifications for the construction of aircraft); Scientific (aerodynamic research, structural calculations and criticisms of contractors1 data, experi- ments, and tests); and Construction and Maintenance (matters per- taining to contracts, the inspection of aircraft construction, material and supplies, and shipments). Records: 1916-21 (220 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence dealing with such topics as materials to be employed in the construction of airplanes and diri- gibles and authorizations for the construction of planes; studies of wind velocity; reports of test flights; and blueprints of engines. 13 AIRCRAFT FACTORY, NAVAL, Navy Department.--See NAVAL AIRCRAFT FACTORY. AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION BOARD, Council of National Defense,—Established pursuant to a resolution of the Council of May 16, 1917. Consisted of four civilian members, the Chief Signal Officer of the War Depart- ment, and the Chief of the Construction and Repair Bureau of the Navy Department. It was discontinued on October 1, 1917, and its functions were taken over by the Aircraft Board. Functions: To consider matters relating to quantity production of aircraft, and to cooperate with the Array and Navy in the advancement of their aviation programs. Records: Probably in the War Department. AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION BUREAU, War Department .—On April 24, 1918, by order of the Secretary of War, a Bureau of Aircraft Production and a Division of Military Aeronautics were created in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. By Executive Order No. 2862, May 20, 1918, which was authorized by the Overman Act of that date, these became separate units of the Department under the direction of the Secre- tary of War. The Director of Aircraft Production was also Chairman of the Aircraft Board, By Executive Order No. 3066, March 19, 1919, the Bureau and the Division were consolidated under the Director of the Air Service. Functions: To exercise control over the produc- tion of airplanes, airplane engines, and aircraft equipment for the use of the Army. Functioned through the following Divisions: Ad- ministrative, Airplane Engineering, Executive, Finance, Procurement, Production, Science and Research, and Sphuce Production. Records; In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department, AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION INVESTIGATION, Justice Department.—An investiga- tion commenced at the request of the President in May 1918, and con- ducted by Judge Charles E. Hughes, with the cooperation of the At- torney General and other officials of the Justice Department. Con- cluded with the report of Hughes to the Attorney General on October 25, 1918, and that of the Attorney General to the President on Oc- tober 31 enclosing the report. Functions; To investigate and pur- sue charges of dishonesty or malversation in the production of air- craft after American entry into the war. Records: Interspersed among the central files of the Justice Department in NA. Include correspondence, testimony, and exhibits relating to persons and concerns engaged in aircraft production and War Department progress reports on aircraft production. AIRCRAFT SECTION, MOTOR VEHICLES AND, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTOR VEHICLES AND AIRCRAFT SECTION. AIRCRAFT SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9, October 25, 1918, there was established in the Division an Aviation Branch, which, on November 22, 1918, be- came the Aircraft Subdivision. This unit was probably discontinued prior to the abolition of the Division on February 1, 1919. Functions; To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of aircraft supplies through ports of em- barkation for overseas forces, and to regulate the movement of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. 14 AIRPLANE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, Equipment Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See AIRPLANE ENGINEERING DIVI- SION, Aircraft Production Bureau. AIRPLANE ENGINEERING DIVISION, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Depart- ment.—Formed on August 21, 1918, by a combination of the airplane engineering and production engineering activities of the Bureau, These had been carried on prior to May 20 by the Airplane Engineer- ing Department of the Equipment Division and by the Science and Re- search Division of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. Functions: To supervise experimental engineering at McCook and Langley Fields and production engineering at Dayton, Ohio, and to be responsible for the design of new models of airplanes and accessory equipment. Records: In the offices of the Air Forces, War Depart- ment. ALASKAN COAL COMMISSION, NAVY, Navy Department.—See NAVY ALASKAN COAL COMMISSION. ALASKAN MINERAL RESOURCES DIVISION, Geologic Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Department.—Functioned as a Division until April 1, 1922, when by order of the Director of the Geological Survey it became the Alaskan Mineral Resources Branch, Functions: During the war, to investigate and to prepare reports on the mineral resources of Alaska, particularly on such strategic minerals as chromite, copper, fuels, nickel, platinum, tin, tungsten, and sulphurj and to continue, though on a restricted scale, areal geologic and topographic surveys. Records; In the Geological Survey. Include correspondence files; notebooks from field parties in Alaska; reports on the geology, to- pography, mineral resources, water resources, glaciology, and recon- naissance of assigned areas in Alaska; geologic and topographic maps, structure sections, and profiles, both compiled and field; and espe- cially information relative to the occurrence, location, and distri- bution of strategic minerals. ALCOHOL COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Ap- pointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee on April 24, 1917; dissolved on November 13, 1917. Functions: To make a census of alcohol production and of the extent of its conversion to govern- mental uses. Records; May be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. ALCOHOL SECTION, ETHYL, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.— See ETHYL ALCOHOL SECTION. ALCOHOL SUBCOMMITTEE, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medi- cal Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National pefense.—Formed on April 29, 1917; ceased func- tioning after the armistice. Functions: To make recommendations as to the control of alcoholic beverages. Records; Some may be among those of the Council in NA. ALIEN MILITARY CLAIMS COMMITTEE, War Department.—See CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office. ALIEN MILITARY SECTION, Solicitor's Office, State Department.—Probably established in 1917 and discontinued in 1918. Functions: To receive and consider requests sent through diplomatic channels tor the re- lease of foreign nationals from the armed forces of the United States 15 Records: In the Communications and Records Division, State Depart- ment. References: State Department, Register, 1918, p. 17. ALIEN PERMIT SUBSECTION, Passport Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PASSPORT SECTION. ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN.—The office of Alien Property Custodian was created under authority of the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, by “Executive Order No. 2729-A of October 12. A. Mitchell Palmer was appointed Custodian by the President on October 22,and he was succeeded on March 4, 1919, by Francis P. Garvan. The office functioned through the Investigation, Law, Sales, and Trust Bureaus, the Corporation Management Division, and other subdivisions. It was abolished by Executive Order No, 6694, May 1, 1954, which transferred its authority,, rights, and duties to the Justice Department. By Order No. 2575 the Attorney General on July 2, 1934, established the Alien Property Bureau in the Claims Division of the Justice Depart- ment to carry out the remaining functions of the former Alien Proper- ty Custodian. Functions: To receive property in the United States belonging to an enemy or ally of an enemy and to administer such property under the general direction of the President, Records: 1917-34 (combined with those of the Alien Property Bureau, 1934-41, total 11,832 feet) in NA; additional records are in the Justice De- partment. Include reports on enemy property in the United States; records relating to the investigation and seizure of enemy property, to the administration of property held in trust, and to claims for the return of property filed under section 9 of the Trading With the Enemy Act; and seized corporation records, 1900-1917. References: Alien Property Custodian, Report ... to the Close of Business on February 15, 1919 (Washington, 1919), and Bulletin of Information, June 8, 1918 (Washington, 1916); General Accounting Office, Adminis- tration of the Office of the Alien Property Custodian (69 Cong., 2 sess., S. Doc. 182, serial 8696. Washington, Charles R. Allison, comp., Alien Enemies and Property Rights Under the Trading With the Enemy Act ([New York, 1921]); James A. Gathings, Interna- tional Law and American Treatment of Alien Enemy Property (Washing- ton, 1940). ALIENS DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Department.— Organized by October 28, 1918; discontinued by July 15, 1919. Functions; In connection with the administration of the Selective Service System, to handle questions relating to the classification and deferment of aliens, declarants of intention to become natural- ized, recruiting by foreign powers (other than those under treaties), citizenship, passports, and international law. Records: With those of the Office in NA. ALIMENTATION, INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON SCIENTIFIC.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. ALIMENTATION DIVISION, Food Administration,—Created in May 1917 as the Utilities and Research Division. Known as the Alimentation Di- vision from January 1,. 1918, until it went out of existence on June 30, 1919. Its Chief, Alonzo E. Taylor, was also the representative of the Food Administration in Europe during the last part of 1917, Functions: To collect information regarding the production, control, and distribution of food by the Allied and Central Powers and by neutral countries. Records; 1917-19 (6 feet) in NA. Include reports and studies on food production and control in foreign countries, copies of food control acts, consular reports, rules, regulations. 16 rationing cards and forms transmitted by foreign food officials, and reports of foreign representatives of the Food Administration. Sane of the papers of the Chief of the Division are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace. References: Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War, 187-196 (New York, 1928). ALKALI AND CHLORINE SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Formed on April 15, 1918, to consolidate work previously performed by the Division and by the Alkali Section of the Chemical Alliance, Inc. Discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions: To allocate war chemicals (alkalies, chlorine, and chlorine compounds), to maintain a sufficient supply of these commodities, and to stimu- late new producing capacity. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. ALKALI SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of Na- tional Defense.—Formed about May 1917, and in November became the Alkali Committee of the Chemical Alliance, Inc. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to alkalies for the Committee. Records; Most of then were transferred to the Chemical Alliance, but a few are scattered among the records of the Council and of the War Indus- tries Board in NA. ALLIED BLOCKADE COMMITTEE.—Established at London on March 15, 1918, under a plan to meet once each week. Consisted of a single repre- sentative each from Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States. Leverton Harris served as Chairman, while L. P. Sheldon became the first American representative. The Committee operated through several subcommittees. During the war it.was under the Supreme War Council; after the war it became the Blockade Section or Blockade Control Section of the Supreme Economic Council. At this later period, Vance C. McCormick became the representative from the United States and Chairman of the Section. The Committee ad- journed sine die July 15, 1919. Apparently also known as the Allied Blockade Council and the Superior Blockade Council. Functions: To supervise, under instructions from the respective home governments, blockade questions in general and problems dealing with the northern neutrals in particular; to cooperate with and advise the British Contraband Committee; and to receive reports from the local Joint trade committees in the capitals of the neutral countries. Records: Minutes of its meetings are in the State Department. Referencest State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, supp. 1, vol. 2, p. 974- 980, 991-996, 998-1003; H. W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p, 298, 299, 303 (London, 1920); James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control, diagram opp. p. 242 (Oxford, 1921). ALLIED BLOCKADE COUNCIL.—See ALLIED BLOCKADE COMMITTEE. ALLIED COAL MISSION.—See COAL MISSION, American Relief Administration ALLIED GOVERNMENTS AND MISCELLANEOUS PURCHASERS SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Administration.—Organized in November 1917; terminated in the summer of 1919. Cooperated with the Allied Provisions Export Conraission and the War Trade Board. Functions; To arrange for the purchase of staple foods by Allied and neutral governments, relief organizations, and miscellaneous buyers. Records: 1917-19 (18 feet) in NA. Correspondence, applications for allotments, records of allotments, notices to the War Trade Board of 17 purchase approvals, statements to the Allied Purchasing Commission of food requirements, and an order register of the Commission. Re- lated records are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace. ALLIED MARITIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL.—Created as a result of a recom- mendation of the Committee on Importation and Maritime Transport of the Interallied Conference, which met at Paris November 29 to De- cember 3, 1917. First meeting held in February and organization completed by March 1918, Consisted of two members each from the ministries of Great Britain, France, and Italy, and two representa- tives from the United States. The American delegates were Raymond B. Stevens, Vice Chairman of the Shipping Board, appointed February 1, 1918, and George Rublee, appointed July 27, 1918. The Council, with headquarters at London, met about every two months. Each of the four countries represented had a permanent staff of employees at London. Operating under the Council were four national divisions, the division for the United States being known either as the Ameri- can Section (q. v.) or the American Shipping Mission, In addition there was a Main Committee, otherwise known as the Allied Maritime Transport Executive (q. v.), under which were subcommittees dealing with tonnage, imports, and statistics. On April 7, 1919, the work and personnel of the Council were taken over by the Supreme Economic Council. Functions: To investigate generally problems connected with shipping necessary supplies to the Allied and Associated Powers; to determine the relative importance of the material desired; to plan a well-balanced importation program; to eliminate competition; and to make recommendations based upon its finding to the Allied Govern- ments. Interallied Programme Committees (q. v.) were formed to sup- ply the Council with statistical information. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Printed minutes of the four sessions of the Council held during the war, together with related papers, are among the records of the Council of National Defense in NA. References: Allied Mari- time Transport Council, [Report of the] Allied Maritime Transport Council ([London] 1918); James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control, 151-243, 295-344 (Oxford, 1921); Dwight W. Morrow, The Society of Free States, 104-115 (New York [1919]); State Department,. Foreign Relations, 1917, supp. 2, vol. 1, p. 420-423; 1916, supp. 1, vol, 1, p. 498-534. ALLIED MARITME TRANSPORT EXECUTIVE, Allied Maritime Transport Council.— Established early in 1918 and placed under the jurisdiction of the Allied Maritime Transport Council. The first American representative on the Executive was George Rublee. Committees of the Council charged with functions relating to tonnage, imports, and statistics were, in reality, subcommittees serving the Executive. The American representatives on these committees were, respectively, Lawrence Shearman, Dwight Morrow, and J. A. Field. The Shipping Intelligence Section of the British Ministry of Shipping, which maintained a rec- ord of the movements and cargoes of ships, was also placed under the jurisdiction of the Executive. When the Allied Maritime Transport Council terminated in April 1919, the work of the Executive like that of the Council was placed under the Supreme Economic Council. Known also as the Main Executive Committee. Functions; To carry out work detailed by the Council in regard to planning shipping programs and to maintain contact with the respective Allied Governments. Its authority was supreme at all times except when the Council itself was in session. After the war it appears to have served as the only existing interallied body dealing with enemy tonnage. It collected data and made recommendations concerning the allocation of seized enemy ships. Records; Five dockets concerning postwar records and 18 minutes of the Executive are with the papers of the United States Shipping Board in the Maritime Commission. See also ALLIED MARI- TIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL. References: James A. Salter, Allied Ship- ping Control, 177-180, 229-250, 298-300 (Oxford, 1921). ALLIED NAVAL COUNCIL.—In actual existence from the beginning of the war, but not officially organized until November 29, 1917. Grew out of conferences held in London and Paris by high ranking naval officers of the Allied Powers. Admiral William S. Sims first at- tended these conferences, as the representative of the United States Navy, in April 1917, The Council continued to meet throughout the war. Functions: To decide questions of naval policy and logistics; to effect greater coordination of the operations of the Allied Naval Forces; and to formulate common plans of action. Records; Wherea- bouts unknown. Material relating to the participation of Admiral Sims in the affairs of the Council can be found in the records of the United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters in the Office of Naval Records and Library, Navy Department. References: William S. Sims and Burton J. Hendrick, The Victory at Sea, 256- 257 (Garden City, N. Y., 1920); Tracy B. Kittredge, Naval Lessons of the Great War, 105 (Garden City, N. Y., 1921). ALLIED PROVISIONS EXPORT COMMISSION.—See INTERALLIED MEATS AND FATS EXECUTIVE. ALLIED PURCHASING COMMISSION.—In August 1917 by identical agreements between the United States and each of the several Allies, the Allied Purchasing Commission (not to be confused with the Interallied Pur- chasing Commission) was created. In accordance with the same agree- ments it consisted of the following leading members of the War Indus- tries Board: Bernard M. Baruch, Robert S. Lovett, and Robert S. Brookings. Financed by the Allies, the Commission maintained a permanent staff but depended upon the War Industries Board, the Council of National Defense, and the Food Administration for much expert and clerical assistance. Bernard K. Baruch, Chairman. Functions; To act as a clearinghouse between the purchasing missions of the Allies on the one hand and, on the other, such agencies as the War Industries Board, the Treasury Department, and the War De- partment. It obtained statements of requirements and applications for commodities from the Allies, transmitted information to them concerning prices, sources, and shipping facilities for the articles sought, and kept the Treasury Department informed of the financial aspects of Allied purchasing. Records; 1917-19 (53 feet) in NA. Minutes of meetings, correspondence, applications for purchases with related papers, records of contracts, and much statistical data. References; State Department, Foreign Relations, 1917, supp, 2, vol. 1, p. 546, 565-568. ALLIED RAILWAY MISSION,—The establishment of this interallied agency was approved March 7, 1919, by the Supreme War Council, and it was organized under the direction of Herbert Hoover. Work began in March and terminated in September 1919. American Army officers headed the Mission, first, Lt. Col. Wm. B. Ryan, and, later, Lt. Col. W. B. Causey. Functions; To expedite the movement of relief supplies to Czechoslovakia and German Austria. Also to exercise general super- vision over the transportation systems of the several Central Euro- pean states and to aid in the distribution of the available coal sup- ply. Records; Harch-September 1919 (2 inches) in NA. Consist of financial data. The bulk of the records are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University. References: Frank M. Surface and Raymond L. Bland, American Food in the World 19 War and Reconstruction Period. 134 (Stanford University, 1931)j American Relief Administration, Bulletin No. 16, p, 11-13 (July 4, 1919). ALLIED RELATIONS SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Estab- lished by Supply Circular No. 86, September 5, 1918, and trans- ferred Tdth the Branch to the Administrative Branch of the Division about March 13, 1919. After February 28, 1919, known as the Foreign Relations Section, Functions: To maintain relations and conduct negotiations relative to Army supplies with representatives of Allied governments. After February 28, 1919, these functions were expanded to include relations with representatives of foreign gov- ernments, Records: Whereabouts unknown. ALLIED RUBBER COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. ALLOC ATI® AND ASSIGNMENT SECTION, Traffic Department, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See ALLOCA- TION DEPARTMENT. ALLOCATION COMMITTEE, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency- Fleet Corporation,—See ALLOCATION DEPARTMENT. ALLOCATION DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Established in June 1919 when the trades func- tion was separated from the Trades and Allocations Department, When the Traffic Department was established on February 1, 1920, the functions of the Allocation Department were assumed by one of its sections called the Allocation and Assignment Section, On December 1, 1920, the name of this.Section was changed to Alloca- tion Section, Functions; To perform the executive work of the Allocation Committee, which included the Managers of the Allocation, Shipping Trades, Personnel, Construction and Repair, Contract, Assignment, and Coal Export Departmentsj and to supervise the allo- cation of tonnage to the various trades. Records: 1919-20 (10 feet) in NA, Correspondence, memoranda, and reports pertaining to the allocation, withdrawal, and diversion of Shipping Board vessels. ALLOCATION, RELEASE, AND TRANSFER SECTION, Vessel Operation Branch, Water Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—See VESSEL OPERATION BRANCH. ALLOCATION SECTION, Traffic Department, Operations Division, Ship- ping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See ALLOCATI® DEPARTMENT. ALLOTMENT AND ALLOWANCE DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department,—Authorized to be established in the Division of Mili- tary and Naval Insurance by the "Organization Chart and Organiza- tion Memoranda" of August 20, 1918, Under the direction of a Deputy Commissioner of Military and Naval Insurance, Terminated on August 9, 1921, Functions: To administer the provisions of an act of October 6, 1917, providing for compulsory and voluntary allotments of pay and for allowances by the Government for the support of dependents of men in the aimed forces. Records: In the Veterans* Administration, ALLOTMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF NAVY FUEL SECTION, Logistics and Fuel Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—In existence from 1917 to 1920, Functions; To arrange for allotments 20 of the Navy's fuel supply among the various producers. Records: Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, ALLOTMENT AND WAR RISK INSURANCE DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—See ALLOTMENT DIVISION, ALLOTMENT DTVISICN, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,— Organized on March 1, 1918, Composed of several Sections taken over from the Disbursing Division, as follows: Allotment, Retainer Pay, War Risk Insurance, and Liberty Loans, The Allotment Division was abolished and its sections were returned to the Disbursing Division on January 1, 1919, It was also known as the Allotment and War Risk Insurance Division, Functions; To "register" and examine allotments and war risk insurance applications and, in general, to act as a service unit for men of the Navy in obtaining benefits of laws administered by the War Risk Insurance Bureau of the Treasury Department, Records; Those relating to allotments and war risk insurance were transferred to the War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department, in April 1919, and are now in the Veterans' Administration, Approximately 3 feet of correspondence and administrative records of this Division are filed with records of the Supplies and Accounts Bureau in NA. References: Supplies and Accounts Bureau, "Historical Record of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. ... 1917-18" ([1919?]. Manuscript in the Office of Naval Records and Library); Navy Department, Annual Report. 1918, p, 129-130. ALLOTMENT SECTION, Disbursing Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—In existence in the Disbursing Division prior to October 6, 1917, It became a part of the Allotment Division on March 1, 1918, and was reestablished in the Disbursing Division on January 1, 1919, The activities relating to the allotment and allowance program of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance were aban- doned by April 1, 1919. Functions; At first to facilitate volun- tary allotments of pay by Navy personnel for the support of depend- ents, The activities of the Section were greatly expanded, however upon the passage of an act of October 6, 1917, which provided for compulsory allotments and for allowances for the support of depend- ents of men in the aimed forces, under the administration of the War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department. Records; Trans- ferred to the War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department, in April 1919, and now in the Veterans' Administration. ALLOTMENTS BRANCH, PERSONAL DEPOSITS AND, Central Disbursing Divi- sion, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See PERSONAL DEPOSITS AND ALLOTMENTS BRANCH. ALLOYS SECTION, RARE METALS AND, Mineral Technology Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See MINERAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION. ALLOYS SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed on April 26, 1917, at a meeting of leading steel manufacturers. In May it became a sub- committee of the Steel Products Cooperative Committee and in Sep- tember a subcommittee of the American Iron and Steel Institute, Functions; To supervise the importing and production of ferro- manganese, Records; Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. 21 ALUMINUM AND MESS EQUIMEKT SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created in 1917, and became the Mess Equipment and Metal Equipment Branch, Equipment Section, Pro- curement Division, on January 14, 1918. Functions: To procure mess equipment manufactured from tin or aluminum, such as knives, forks, spoons, canteens, cups, and meat cans. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. ALUMINUM COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— Formed at the request of the Chairman of the Raw Materials, Miner- als, and Metals Conmittee on April 7, 1917, Discontinued after aluminum was placed under price control on March 5, 1918, Functions: To provide expert information concerning aluminum. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. ALUMINUM MESS BRANCH, STEEL HELMETS AND, Inspection Section, Equip- ment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See IN- SPECTION SECTION, AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE.—Consisted of the Commission- ers Plenipotentiary of the United States and their supporting staffs at the Peace Conference at Paris, 1918-19. There were five Commissioners Plenipotentiary: President Wilson, Secretary of State Lansing, Henry White, Col, Edward M. House, and Gen. Tasker H, Bliss. On May 1, 1919, the Commission included a Secretariat (61 persons), a group of Technical Advisors (51 persons), a Division of Territori- al, Economic, and Political Intelligence (19 persons, mostly trans- ferred from The Inquiry), and a group of Administrative Officers (18 persons). Existed from December 1918 to December 1919. Func- tions: In concert with the Allied and Associated Powers, to nego- tiate peace with the Central Powers on behalf of the United States. Records: Consist of 537 bound volumes (180 feet) in the State De- partment, The Division of Research and Publications of that Depart- ment has been editing these records since 1939 for publication in a number of volumes as supplements to the Foreign Relations series. Of the so-called "Black Book" and "Red Book" (map-illustrated com- pilations of proposed solutions of conference problems, the former dealing mainly with European problems, the latter with colonial problems) there is a virtually complete copy of each at the Ameri- can Geographical Society of New York, One copy of the Black Book was presented to Lloyd George at his request in 1919. (The Black Book was published under the title "Outline of Tentative Report and Recommendations Prepared by the Intelligence Section, in Accordance with Instructions, for the President and the Plenipotentiaries," as Document 24,6 in Hunter Miller, My Diary, vol, 4, p. 209-281.) Other related records are among the Hunter Miller papers in the custody of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, the Edward Li, House papers at Yale University, and the Robert Lansing, Woodrow Wilson, Tasker H, Bliss, and Henry White papers in the Division of Manu- scripts cf the Library of Congress. References: Paris Peace Con- ference, American Commission to Negotiate Peace: Composition and Functions. Paris. May 1. 1919 ([Paris, 1919]), Conference des pre- liminaires de paix; composition et fonctionnement. ler avrll 1919. p. 3-8 ([Paris. 19193). and Fonctionnement de la Conference. ler octobre 1919 ([Paris, 1919J)5 Edward M, House and Charles Seymour, eds., What Really Happened at Paris; the Story of the Peace Confer- ence. 1918-1919. by American Delegates (New York, 1921); David Hunter Miller, My Diary at the Conference of Paris. With Documents 22 (New York, 1924,. 21 vols. and case of maps); Janes T, Shotwell, At the Paris Peace Conference (New York, 1937); Paul Birdsall, Versailles Twenty Years After (New York, 1941). AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL.—A body of seven members ap- poxnted by President Wilson on May 10, 1917. Henry P. Davison served as Chairman. The Council received from the Executive Committee of the American National Red Cross full power over all Red Cross matters arising out of the war. Its work was divided among the fol- lowing Departments; Military Relief, Civilian Relief, Nursing, De- velopment, Law and International Relations, Supplies, Publicity, Foreign Relief, Accounts, And Personnel, Each department had sever- al bureaus. The Council was assisted by the Women's Advisory Com- mittee, the National Committee on Red Cross Medical Service, the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service, the Committee on Cooperation, and the Insurance Advisory Committee. It established 14 field divisions, including one in Alaska. Its work terminated on March 1, 1919, when the Central Committee of the American Nation- al Red Cross resumed control of all relief activities. Functions: To handle problems of civilian and military relief during the period of the war emergency; to raise funds for such relief; and to cooper- ate with both the Executive and the Central committees of the Ameri- can National Red Cross. Records; In the headquarters of the Ameri- can National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. References; American National Red Cross, Annual Reports. 1918-20; Henry P, Davison, The American Red Cross in the Great War (New York, 1920), AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT IN FRANCE DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, 7/ar Department.--See AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION, Supply Division, AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Originated as the Edvision of the American Ordnance Base Depot in France, established by Office Order No, 47 of September 10, 1917. As of January 10, 1918, it operated through the following Departments; Administration, Reloading, Power and Construction, Shops, Stores, and Military, The Division was abol- ished by Office Order No, 160 of March 6, 1918, and its functions and personnel were assigned to the American Ordnance Base Depot Sec- tion, which continued with much the same organization. Functions; To be responsible for the completion of plans and projects inciden- tal to the equipment and operation in France of repair and reloading shops and the storing of ordnance and ammunition supplies. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, AMERICAN PROTECTIVE LEAGUE SUBSECTION., LIAISON WITH THE, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See LIAISON WITH THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE LEAGUE SUBSECTION.. AMERICAN REFINERS' COMMITTEE,—A body of five members appointed by the Food Administrator pursuant to an agreement of October 1, 1917, made between the Food Administrator and the sugar refiners of the United States to cover the distribution of sugar. The Committee was continued by a further agreement of October 24, 1918, which was to remain in effect until December 31* 1919. Functions; To arrange for a fair, proportional allotment of sugar to individual refiners in the United States, Re cords; 1917-20 (14 feet) in NA. Include minutes of the Committee, correspondence, and a report on sugar dis- tributed, References; Joshua Beynhardt, Government Control of the Sugar Industry in the United States, passim (New York, 1920). 23 AMERICAN RELIEF AUUNISTRATION.—Established by Order No. 3035B, February 24, 1919, in pursuance of an act approved the fol- lowing day entitled "An act providing for the relief of such popu- lations in Europe, and countries contiguous thereto, outside of Germany, German-Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, as may be determined upon by the President as necessary." This act allocated a sum of $100,000,000 for the purpose indicated. In addition, the American Relief Administration "handled relief furnished from United States Treasury loans direct to certain of the newly established governments, supplies furnished from the President's National Secu- rity and Defense Fund and certain relief furnished against cash pay- ment," Its central office was established first in Paris (through September 1919) and then in New York, It maintained branch offices in a number of European cities. Some of these offices were main- tained jointly with the Grain Corporation, which handled the pur- cliase, transportation, and sometimes even the distribution of food- stuffs for relief. The programs of the Relief Administration were cleared through the Food Section of the Supreme Economic Council, As a Government agency, the Relief Administration came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919, but it continued as an unofficial agency at the request of the countries affected by its work and with the approval of the President, It was incorporated on May 27, 1921, under the laws of the State of New York, By Executive Order No, 36OI, December 24, 1921, it became the distributing agency for the new Purchasing Commission for Rus- sian Relief, Liquidation began the latter part of 1923, Herbert Hoover, Director General, Functions: As indicated in the title of the act of February 2$, 1919, given above. Also, later, to grant some food relief to the enemy countries. Records: 1919-24 (52 feet) in NA. Include financial papers, correspondence, and the ad- ministrative records of some of the missions. Most of the records, however, are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University, References: Frank M. Surface and Raymond L, Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period. passim and, for bibliography, 994-998 (Stanford University, 1931)J Nina Almond and Harold H, Fisher, Special Collections in the Hoover Library on War. Revolution, and Peace. 13-16 (Stanford University. 1940). AMERICAN RELIEF AElilNISTRATION EUROPEAN CHILDREN'S FUND.—Originated as the Children's Relief Bureau, which was organized in the Paris office of the American Relief Administration by the end of February 1919. When the official status of the Relief Administration dis- appeared with the signing of the Versailles Treaty, the work of the Children's Relief Bureau was carried forward (after August 1, 1919) by the new voluntary private organization established under the laws of the State of New York as the American Relief Administration Euro- pean Children's Fund, This organization "assumed responsibility for the distribution of the remaining food supplies donated from the Congressional appropriation [of February 25, 1919] and the Presi- dent's National Security and Defense Fund," It maintained headquar- ters in New York, a branch office in London, and field missions; and it supervised the American Relief Administration Warehouses, Liquidation began in 1924, Functions; To carry on, often with the same personnel, the work of child feeding in Europe as it was dis- continued by the American Relief Administration and the Grain Corpo- ration. Records; In the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University. References: Frank M. Surface and Raymond L, Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period. 73-77 (Stanford University, 1931). 24 AMERICAN RELIEF AXUINISTRATIQN WAREHOUSES. —Established in January 1920 under the immediate supervision of the American Relief Adminis- tration European Children's Pond, with headquarters in New York, There were 64, branch warehouses in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Germany, Hungary, and Austria. Liquidation began on August 1, 1921, Func- tions : To handle "all of the food and clothing remittance business and the bulk sale of commodities for Central Europe." This function was performed by means of food drafts which, purchased in the Unit- ed States, were honored at the Warehouses in Central Europe, Rec- ords: Probably in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University. References: Frank M, Surface and Raymond L. Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period. 90-95 (Stanford University, 1931)* ’ AMERICAN SECTION, Allied Maritime Transport Council.—Directly under the orders of the State Department, the American Section, also known as the American Shipping Mission in London, was headed by Raymond B, Stevens, appointed by President Wilson on February 1, 1918. The Section was financed by the President's National Security and De- fense Fund until April 1, 1919, and thereafter by the Operations Division of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, In December 1918 part of the personnel of this Section was used by the Shipping Board in establishing an office in Paris, The London of- fice of the Shipping Board took over the work of the American Sec- tion in June 1919. Functions: To serve as a point of contact be- tween the Allied Maritime Transport Council and Government agencies in Washington—especially the Planning and Statistics Division and the Shipping Control Committee of the Shipping Board and the Char- tering Committee of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation— and between the Council and the General Headquarters of the Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces in France, Cooperated with associated sections of the Council. Records: 1918-22 (9 feet) in NA, Include general files and individual ship files, consisting of general cor- respondence and copies of vessel logs, bills, charters, and agree- ments relating to the chartering, use, and redelivery of Scandina- vian, Finnish, and Dutch vessels by the United States, Also in NA among the Fuel Administration records is a folder of reports and articles relating to the work of the Section, References: James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control. 151-242 (Oxford, 1921), AMERICAN SECTION, Supreme War Council.—The last of the national sec- tions of the Supreme War Council to be established at Versailles, Headed by the American military representative, Gen, Tasker H, Bliss, It was divided into several committees and subcommittees dealing with military topics. Functions: To obtain and analyze statistical data relating to various phases of the war effort, and to promote cordial relations among the Allies. Records: Where- abouts unknown. References: State Department, Foreign Relations of the United States; the Lansing Papers, vol, 2, p. 242 (Washing- ton, 1940). AMERICAN SHIPPING MISSION.—See AMERICAN SECTION, Allied Maritime Transport Council, AMERICANIZATION DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Department.— Organized in September 1918 through the consolidation of various aspects of the Americanization work of the Bureau of Education, Absorbed the War Work Extension Division and the Immigrant Educa- tion Division (also known as the Division for the Investigation of the Education of Immigrants), In 1920 the Division of Americaniza- tion became known as the Americanization Information Service and 25 served as a clearinghouse for information. The irork was abandoned soon thereafter. Functions: To coordinate national forces working for the assimilation or Americanization of the foreign bom, and to assist in organizing States and communities for the task. The Divi- sion cooperated with the Bureau of Naturalization, Labor Department, but confined its activities to that period in the naturalization process prior to the declaration of intention to become an American citizen. It issued a monthly periodical entitled Americanlzation. Records: Probably destroyed. Related records in NA include corre- spondence, reports, and other data (6 inches) in the files of the Commissioner of Education, 1918-20, and budget data, monthly reports, miscellaneous pamphlets, publicity material, and data on the "Ameri- canization” program (4 feet) among the records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, 1918-20. References: Darrell H, Smith, The Bureau of Education. 39-41 (Baltimore, 1923), AMERICANIZATION SECTION, Field Division, Council of National Defense,— Organized on October 1, 1918, succeeding the Educational Propaganda Department of the Woman's Conmittee, Probably terminated early in 1919. Headed by Martha E. Martin, Functions: To distribute "edu- cational propaganda," especially that relating to Americanization work. Records; Some are among those of the Council in NA, includ- ing copies of circular material. AMMONIA AND ICE SECTION, Collateral Commodities Division, Food Admin- istration.—See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. AMMONIA CONTROL INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE.—See INTERDEPARTMENTAL AMMONIA CONTROL COMMITTEE, AMMONIA SUBCOMMITTEE, NITRATES AND, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See NITRATES AND AMMONIA SUB- COMMITTEE. AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH, ARTILLERY, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH. AMMUNITION BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1918, Functions; To handle purchases of ammunition. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. AMMUNITION BRANCH, ARTILLERY, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION BRANCH, Design Section, AMMUNITION BRANCH, ARTILLERY, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. AMMUNITION BRANCH, SMALL ARMS AND, Ordnance Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See ORDNANCE SUBDIVISION. AMMUNITION COMMITTEE, SMALL ARMS AND, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—See SMALL ARMS AND AMMUNITION COMMITTEE. 26 AMMUNITION GROUP, SMALL ARMS, Gauge Branch, Executive Section, Inspec- tion Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See GAUGE BRANCH. AMMUNITION INSPECTION SECTION, SMALL ARMS, Small Arms Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department,—See SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION INSPECTION SECTION. AMMUNITION PROGRAMS, BOARD OF OFFICERS TO REVIEW ARTILLERY, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION PROGRAMS BOARD OF OFFICERS TO REVIEW. AMMUNITION SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created on January 14, 1918. Later absorbed the Trench Warfare Section, Abolished on October 23, 1918, Functions: To supervise and regulate the production of artillery ammunition, shells and shrapnel, fuzes and primers, hand and rifle grenades, and drop bombs. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. AMMUNITION SECTION, ARTILLERY, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION SECTION. AMMUNITION SECTION, FORGINGS, ORDNANCE, SMALL ARMS, AND SMALL ARMS Finished Products Division, War Industries Board,—See FORGINGS, ORDNANCE, SMALL ARMS, AND SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION SECTION. AMMUNITION STORAGE AND OVERHAULING BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on June 12, 1918, by Office Order No. 233, and it completed its business at its second meeting on June 23, Functions: To analyze the situation and present specific recom- mendations as to procedures in the matter of storage of accepted ammunition, pending ballistic tests, and the subsequent overhauling of the ammunition should failure develop in lots tested at proving grounds. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ANALYTICAL RESEARCH SECTION, Chemical Research Division (Offense), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Proba- bly organized late in 1917, Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions: To devise new methods of analyzing materials used in gas warfare, and to determine whether toxic material used in gas shells was de- composed by their explosion. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References; Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations. 33 (Bulletin 178A, Washington, 1919). ANATOMICAL ART DEPARTMENT, Army Medical Museum, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDI- CAL MUSEUM. ANATOMY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council,—Appointed in 1917. H, H, Donaldson, the first Chairman, was succeeded in 1918 by C, R. Stockard, Early in 1918 the Committee became a part of the Medicine and Related Sciences Division when that Division was established to centralize all medi- cal research activities. Functions: Although established to pro- mote research in anatomy, during, the period of the war it acted in cooperation with the Anthropology Committee of the Council in the solution of war problems. Records: In the National Research Coun- cil. 27 ANIMAL AND HAND DRAM VEHICLES SECTION, Motors and Vehicles Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES BRANCH, ANIMAL-DRAM TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department,—Established by Transportation Bulletin No, 20, May 6, 1919. Operated through Pack Transportation and Wagon Transportation Branches, Functions: To operate and manage animal transportation for the Army. Records: In the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. ANIMAL FEEDING COMMITTEE, PROTEIN METABOLISM INA Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, National Research Coun- cil. —See PROTEIN METABOLISM IN ANIMAL FEEDING COMMITTEE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment,—A unit that originated with the appointment of an expert in animal husbandry in 1901, Established as an office in 1904, and given division status by order of the Secretary of Agriculture on January 1, 1910, Functions: During the war, to promote the produc- tion of pork, poultry, beef, mutton, and wool, and in 1917-18 to assist in the movement of cattle out of drought-stricken regions. Records: 1917-18 (7 feet) among general files of the Bureau in NA, Include records relating to the war pork-production campaign, the war poultry program, and drought relief work and to specialized war activities such as breeding mares and homing pigeons for the War Department, ANIMAL INDUSTRY BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—Created by an act of May 29, 1884, Functions: During the war, as a result of an expan- sion of its regular activities, to inspect meat and dairy products for the War and Navy Departments} to encourage the production of pork, poultry, beef, mutton, and wool; to conduct campaigns for the eradication of cattle ticks, hog cholera, and tuberculosis among livestock; to inspect veterinary biological products} to enforce quarantine regulations for the exclusion of contagion from abroad} and generally to combat animal diseases caused by germs or poisonous plants. Records: 1917-18 (71 feet) in NA, Include general files of the Bureau containing records of the Hog Cholera Control and Virus-Serum Control Offices and of the following Divisions: Meat Inspection, Field Inspection, Biochemic, Tick Eradication, Zoologi- cal, Tuberculosis Eradication, Pathological, Quarantine, and Animal Husbandry, Records of the Dairy Division, which became the Bureau of Dairy Industry in 1924, are in the files of that Bureau in NA, References: Ulysses G, Houck, The Bureau of Animal Industry (Wash- ington, 1924)} Fred W, Powell, The Bureau of Animal Industry (Bal- timore, 1927), ANIMAL INDUSTRY COMMITTEE, Food Administration.—See MEAT DIVISION. ANIMAL ISSUE AND INSPECTION BRANCH, Remount Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See ANIMAL PURCHASE, ISSUE, AND SALES BRANCH. ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agricul- ture Department,—Established in 1914, Functions: Under the Food Production Act and in cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries, to investigate the canning of fish} to perfect a method for canning grayfish} to investigate the drying of fish} and to analyze meat 28 preparations and condensed or compressed soups for the Quartermaster General of the Army, Records: Those for the war period are among the general files of the Chemistry Bureau in NA, ANIMAL PURCHASE, ISSUE, AND SALES BRANCH, Remount Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department,—Established on December 12, 1918, ■with the fusion of the Animal Issue and Inspection Branch and the Animal Purchasing and Issue Branch (to which the Animal Purchas- ing Branch had been attached in May), Functions; To requisition animals and issue them to organizations; to inspect permanent re- mount, auxiliary remount, and animal embarkation depots; to super- vise and coordinate shipments of animals both in the United States and overseas; to handle matters relating to the purchase of horses and mules and their shipment to remount depots; and to cooperate with the Animal Husbandry Division of the Agriculture Department in the breeding of suitable horses for the military service. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. ANIMALS AND REMOUNT SERVICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE, PURCHASE OF PUBLIC, Statistics Division, Council of National Defense.—See PURCHASE OF PUBLIC ANIMALS AND REMOUNT SERVICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE. ANTHRACITE COAL BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration,— Began in October 1917j terminated in February 1919. Functions: To control the distribution of anthracite coal among the States, Records: 1917-19 (104. feet) in NA, Correspondence, reports, orders, and circulars. ANTHRACITE SECTION, Gas Plants Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Ad- ministration.—See GAS PLANTS BUREAU, ANTHROPOLOGY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, Nation- al Research Council.—Originated as an Anthropology Committee ap- pointed in 1917, with W. H. Holmes as Chairman, In 1918 he was succeeded by Charles B, Davenport, and the Conmittee became a part of the newly created Medicine and Related Sciences Division. Soon afterwards, on the recommendation of the original Committee members, anthropological work was divided among the following three Commit- tees: Anthropometry in the Amy, Davenport, Chairman; Race in Rela- tion to Disease (Military Records), A, G, Love, Chairman; and Race in Relation to Disease (Civilian Records), F, L, Hoffman, Chairman, Davenport was also commissioned major in the Sanitary Corps of the Army in charge of anthropology and put in charge of the Anthropol- ogy Section in the Surgeon General's Office, War Department, In the peacetime organization of the Council, established in 1919, an- thropological activities were assigned to the Anthropology and Psy- chology Division, Functions: / With the cooperation of the Anatomy Committee, the Committee studied the physical and hygienic require- ments for recruits, the standardization of measurements, the record- ing and organization of data for research purposes, and the provi- sion of anthropological information required by the Government. The adoption of some of its recommendations resulted in improved methods of making physical examinations, revision of the Array phy- sical examination form to include data concerning color, occupation, and nationality, and a reduction of the minimum height requirement for the Army from 6A to 60 inches. Records; In the National Re- search Council. ANTHROPOLOGY SUBSECTION, Medical Records Section, Sanitation Divi- sion, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,--See MEDICAL REC- ORDS SECTION, 29 ANTHROPOMETRY IN THE ARMY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council,—See ANTHROPOLOGY COMMITTEE. ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION, Carriage Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See MOBILE CARRIAGE SECTION, Engineering Division, ANTISUBMARINE DEVICES SPECIAL BOARD, Navy Department.—Established on May 11, 1917, by order of the Secretary of the Navy to coordinate the efforts of various groups already at work on submarine and anti- submarine devices. The Board at first consisted of three naval of- ficers, the Commander of the Submarine Force being the senior offi- cer, Representatives of the National Research Council, the General Electric Co,, the Submarine Signal Co,, and the Western Electric Co., the groups that had previously been most actively engaged in sub- marine investigations, were made advisory members of the Board, As the work progressed, the number or officers on the Board was in- creased and advisory members to represent other companies were added. After January A, 1919, the work of the Board was continued under the supervision of the Steam Engineering Bureau, and on February 19 the Board was dissolved. Also referred to as the Submarine Board and the Special Board on Submarine Devices, Functions: The Board, estab- lished headquarters at the Naval Submarine Base at New London, Conn,, and there, at Nahant, Mass,, and at other places, investigators work- ing under its supervision examined devices submitted to it and con- ducted research in order to develop listening apparatus for the detection and accurate location of submarines. The investigations at New London expanded to the extent that a naval experimental sta- tion was soon established there. There, also, in July 1918 the Board organized the first class to train listeners to use the appa- ratus that had been developed. Records: Their whereabouts is un- known, but material about the Board may be found in NA in the rec- ords of the Secretary's Office and of the Engineering Bureau, Navy Department, References: Engineering Bureau, History of the Bureau of Engineering. Navy Department. During the World War. 4-7-73 (Wash- ington, 1922); National Research Council, Annual Report. 1918, p, 34; Helen M. Fessenden, Fessenden. Builder of Tomorrows, ch, 24 (New York, 1940). APPEAL SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department,—Estab- lished as the Board of Contract Adjustment in the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff by General Orders, No, 103, of November 6, 1918, Reorganized into the Appeal Section of the War Department Claims Board by General Orders, No, 40, of June 26, 1920, Dissolved by General Orders, No, 9, of February 28, 1922, effective the following day. Functions; To hear and determine all claims, doubts, or disputesincluding questions of performance or nonperformance, that might arise under any contract made by the War Department, After it was merged into the War Department Claims Board, it continued to determine claims involving interpretation of contracts and also handled almost all cases arising under the Dent Act of March 2, 1919. Records; With those of the Board in NA, APPEALS DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Department,— Organized late in 1918, Discontinued by July 15, 1919, Functions; To make recommendations for the decision of selective service cases sent on appeal to the President, Records; With those of the Of- fice in NA, APPRAISAL AND CONDEMNATION NAVAL BOARD, Navy Department.—See NAVY BOARD FOR COMMANDEERING, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, 30 APPRAISAL BOARD TOR MERCHANT AND PRIVATE VESSELS, Navy Department.— See MERCHANT AND PRIVATE VESSELS APPRAISAL BOARD. APPRAISAL DEPARTMENT, Sales Bureau, Alien Property Custodian,—Estab- lished in the latter part of August 1918 as a subdivision of the Sales Bureau and abolished along with that Bureau in 1920, Func- tions : To have appraisals made of fixed physical assets of enemy properties to be sold, to prepare necessary statements therefrom, to make special analyses of the audits and appraisals, and to deter- mine the amount of deposits required to qualify prospective buyers to inspect and bid on properties. Records: The whereabouts of most of the records is unknown, but some are in the files of the Corporation Management Division of the Alien Property Custodian in NA. APPRAISAL SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department.— Created as the Board of Appraisers by General Orders, No, 30, of April 1, 1918, Reorganized into the Appraisal Section of the War Department Claims Board by General Orders, No, 4.0, of June 26, 1920, Dissolved by General Orders, No, 9, of February 28, 1922, effective the following day. Functions: To determine the proper compensation for property that was requisitioned or commandeered. Most of this work centered around real estate problems involved in the location of camps and cantonments. After the passage of the Dent Act of March 2, 1919, all real estate claims made under it were handled by this office. Jurisdiction over claims for damage to or loss of private property incident to the training, practice, operation, or maintenance of the Army was transferred to the Chief of Finance by General Orders, No. 61, of December 23, 1921. Records: With those of the Board in NA. APPRAISERS BOARD, War Department.—See APPRAISAL SECTION, War Depart- ment Claims Board, ARBITRATION BOARD, New York Harbor Wage Adjustment Board, Shipping Board.—See NEW YORK HARBOR WAGE ADJUSTMENT BOARD. ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DIVISION, Engineering and Purchasing De- partment, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Existed on June 21, 1918. Worked through four Sec- tions, as follows: Design, Structural Steel, Specifications, and Purchasing, In accordance with Supply Circular No, 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, of October 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Divi- sion, Office of the Director of Purchase, Functions; To handle architectural and structural problems for the Engineering and Pur- chasing Department, Records; Probably among those of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in NA. ARCHITECTURAL DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized in February 1918 in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor De- partment, Abolished on June 15, 1919* Functions; In cooperation with the National Housing Association, the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, and the Council of National Defense, the Divi- sion drew up a building code for Government construction work. It also prepared building plans for housing projects, which local ar- chitects adapted to suit community needs and preferences, A member of the Division served on the Sites Committee, An architect was appointed to represent the Corporation on each project. Worked in cooperation with the Construction, Engineering, Operating, and Town Planning Divisions, 1918-19 (10 feet) in NA, Include 31 building blueprints, personnel lists, maps of cities, topographic maps, and blueprints of sewer, gas, and water systems. Other rec- ords were transferred in 1937 to the Public Buildings Administration ARCHITECTURAL WORK SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Transferred to this Divi- sion upon its creation on March 13, 1918. Functions: To prepare plans and specifications for architectural work in connection with cantonments and other emergency construction. Records: In the War Department, ARMAMENT DEPARTMENT, Production Division, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. ARMAMENT SECTION, AIRCRAFT, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT SECTION. ARMED GUARD SECTION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—Estab- lished in the spring of 1917 and discontinued after the armistice. Functions: To provide central administration of the armed guards supplied by the Navy Department on merchant vessels threatened by submarines. Records: 1917-19 (6 feet) in NA, Mimeographed copies of reports of commanding officers of armed guards on board vessels; expenditure reports, survey reports, and invoices; and correspond- ence of the Armed Guard Office at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co, Other records are probably in the Naval Operations Office, References: Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1917, p, 7; 1918, p. 30, 53; 1919, p. 503; Lewis P. Clephane, "History of the Naval Overseas Transportation Service in the World War," 16-19, and Ernest L, Bennett and Lewis P, Clephane, "History of the Training Division, Bureau of Navigation," 214,-222 (1920. Manuscripts in the Office of Naval Records and Library), ARMOR AND PROJECTILE PLANT SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy De- partment,—Established in March 1917, Its functions today are per- formed by the Ordnance Shore Establishments Section, Functions: To have charge of the design and construction of facilities at the naval ordnance plant at South Charleston, W, Va, Records: Dis- persed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, ARMOR AND PROJECTILE SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department,—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions; To have charge of the procurement of armor and projec- tiles for the Navy; the construction and equipment of the naval ordnance plant at South Charleston, W, Va.; and the expansion, construction, and equipment of the naval proving grounds. Records: In the Navy Department. ARMOR COMMITTEE, HEIMETS AND BODY, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council,—See HEIMETS AND BODY ARMOR COMMITTEE. ARMOR PLATE, COMMITTEE TO DEVELOP, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Appointed on July 18, 1918, and consisted of three ci- vilians and one officer. Dissolved on January 4, 1919, Functions: To conduct experiments in connection with the manufacture of light amor plate, so that such plate might be readily produced in quan- tity by commercial methods. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, 32 ARMORED CARS AND MOTOR TRUCKS COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—Authorized on April 5, 1917, and dissolved after the establishment of the War Industries Board on July 28, 1917. Functions: To study and report on the motor transport situation. Records: Whereabouts unknown. ARMS AND AMMUNITION COMMITTEE, SMALL, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—See SMALL ARMS AND AMMUNITION COMMITTEE. ARMS BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated in the Rifle, Pistol, and Bayo- nets and Sabers Branches, These three Branches were united in 1918 to form the Arms Branch. Functions: To handle the purchase of small arms and side arms. Records: Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA. ARMS DIVISION, SMALL, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,--See SMALL ARMS DIVISION. ARMS INSPECTION SECTION, SMALL, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See SMALL ARMS INSPECTION SECTION. ARMS, MUNITIONS, AND EQUIPMENT BOARD, War Department.—Established by Special Orders, No, 268, November 15, 1916, in accordance with an act of June 3, 1916, Consisted of two civilians and three Army of- ficers, Col. Francis J, Keman served as President. Its final re- port was transmitted to Congress by the Secretary of War on Janu- ary 2, 1917, Also called the Keman Board, Functions: To 'inves- tigate and report upon the feasibility, desirability, and practica- bility of the Government manufacturing arms, munitions, and equip- ment, and certain other allied questions,1' Records: Whereabouts unknown. References:> Arms, Munitions, and Equipment Board, Govern- ment Manufacture of Arms. Munitions, and Equipment (6A Cong., 2 sess, S. Doc. 66A, serial 712% Washington, 1917)j William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After. 70 (New York, 1919). ARMS SECTION, SMALL, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See SMALL ARMS SECTION, Procurement Division. ARMS SECTION, SMALL, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See SMALL ARMS SECTION, Production Division. ARMY AND NAVY ARTILLERY SUBCOMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—Originated on April 19, 1917, under the Munitions Standards Board as the Committee on Mobile Artillery. On April 28 its name was changed to Army and Navy Artillery Subcom- mittee, Terminated on September 20, 1917. Functions; To work out problems of increasing big-gun forging and machining capacity and to consult with Army and Navy officials as to artillery needs and production. Records: Some are among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, including its minutes and proceed- ings. ARMY AND NAVY PATENT BOARD.—Members appointed by the Secretaries of War and the Navy in January 1918 at the request of the Federal Trade Commission, in pursuance of an act of October 6 and Execu- tive Order, No. 2729A, October 12, 1917. By February 1919 the Board had "actually finished its labors," although it presumed that it would "continue in existence technically until the declaration of peace," No formal dissolution of the Board appears to have oc- curred. Functions: To advise the Federal Trade Commission regarding 33 applications for grants of patents on inventions, the publication of which might endanger the successful prosecution of the warj to advise the War and Navy Departments of applications for grants of patents on inventions that might be of aid to the United States in its prosecution of the war; and to supply needed Patent Office data to other Government agencies. Records: Whereabouts unknown. There is, however, a manuscript "Report of Army and Navy Patent Board," February U, 1919, in the files of the Enemy Trade Division, Federal Trade Commission, in NA, References: W, Sabine, Legislation. Pres- idents1 Proclamations. Executive Orders, and Other Measures in the United States. Together With the Policies Followed and Action Taken Thereunder During the War. Affecting Patents. Copyrights, and Trade- Marks (Feb. 15, 1919. Processed). ARMY AND NAVY PROJECTILES SUBCOMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—Established on April 30, 1917j dissolved after the establishment of the War Industries Board on July 28, 1917. Functions: To study and report to the General Munitions Board on the needs of the Army and Navy for projectiles, with the exception of fuzes and detonators, and on the production of projectiles. Records: Whereabouts unknown. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Established in 1862, Its work was divided among the following Departments: Anatomical Art, Entomology, Mov- ing Picture, Pathology and Accessions, Still Photography, and Wax Modeling, After the reorganization that followed the armistice, the museum activities were conducted by the Army Medical Museum Sec- tion of the Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Functions: To collect and prepare for the museum specimens of pathological and other material illustrating the diseases of soldiers and the effects of wounds and various missiles on the human body. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA, ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDI- CAL MUSEUM, Museum and Library Division. ARMY, NAVY, AND MARINE CORPS SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Divi- sion, Food Administration,—Organized in October 1917 to take over some of the work of the Committee on Supplies of the Council of National Defense, Discontinued early in 1919, Functions; With the assistance of the Food Purchase Board, to obtain food supplies for the Amy, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. Records: 1917-19 (5 feet) in NA, Correspondence, requests for bids, a register of allotments, and copies of requisitions. ARMY NURSE CORPS SECTION, Personnel Division, Surgeon General's Of- fice, War Department,—Probably in existence before the war. For a time during the war it functioned as part of the Hospital Divi- sion, reverting to the Personnel Division upon the reorganization of the Office in November 1918, Functions: To handle matters re- lating to the administration of the Army Nurse Corps, including control of the appointment of personnel and assignments to stations. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, ARMY PROGRAM SUBSECTION, Supply Program Section, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUPPLY PROGRAM SECTION. 34 AEMf RESERVE DEPOT SUBDIVISION, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— Organized on November 1, 1918, On May 13, 1919, it was consolidated with the Space Allotment Branch'and the Warehouse Handling Methods Branch into the Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch of the Operations Control Division, Storage Service. Functions: To oper- ate Array reserve depots. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, ARMY RESERVE DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department,— Created on April 7, 1917, by direction of the Secretary of War, Abolished on May 28, 1918, Functions: To administer matters under the jurisdiction of The Adjutant General relating to the Officers' Reserve Corps, the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, the Enlisted Reserve, and training camps. Records; In The Adjutant General's Office, ARMY RESERVE OPERATING SECTION, Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RESERVE DEPOT AND SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH. ARMY SCHOOL OF NURSING, Hospital Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—A plan for the establishment of this unit was ap- proved by the Secretary of War on May 25, 1918, and the preliminary organisation of the central office was effected in June 1918, The first schools were started in July at the Walter Reed General Hospi- tal and at the base hospitals at Camps Devens, Meade, Wadsworth, and Sherman, The unit was transferred to the Personnel Division in November 1918, Functions: To provide a method of increasing the supply of nurses for military service by the use of student nurses. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ARMY SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department,—One of the four sections out of which grew the Branch, Operated through the following Subsections: Ex- ecutive, line, Personnel, Statistical, and Instruction. Functions: To organize, instruct, and supervise the Negative Intelligence Serv- ice in the Array, and to protect the Army by the prevention and de- tection of eneny and disloyal activity among the military forces. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. ARMY VEHICLES SUBCOMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of Na- tional Defense,—Appointed in April 1917 and later became a subcom- mittee of the National Implement and Vehicle Association, Func- tions: To bring about the quickest possible production of Army wagons. Records; Whereabouts unknown. ARSENAL ADMINISTRATION SECTION, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created on January 14, 1918, by Ordnance Office Order No, 104, as a unit of the General Administra- tion Bureau (after May 25 known as the Administration Division), Functions; To handle matters relative to arsenals as military es- tablishments, except questions of manufacturing and storage and matters related thereto. Records; Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA, 35 ARSENAL AND NAVY YARD WAGE COMMISSION.—Created on August 15, 1917. Franklin D, Roosevelt, Walter Idppman, and William Blackman, repre- senting the Secretaries of the Navy, War, and Labor, respectively, were the original members. The Commission held no regular meetings after September 1917, but functioned through informal conferences until its last wage award was made on November 1, 1918, Functions: To pass on wage questions arising in arsenals and navy yards and to maintain comparable wage rates in both types of establishments. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References: War Department, A Re- port of the Activities of the War Department in the Field of Indus- trial Relations During the War. 23-26 (Washington, 1919), ARSENAL FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR WORK OF MANUFACTURE AND REPAIR TO BE PERFORMED BY ORENANCE DEPARTMENT, BOARD TO CONSIDER, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created on November A, 1918, consisting originally of four officers and one civilian. Several subordinate committees were organized from time to time to investigate and re- port upon various phases of its work. After completing its work and submitting its report, the Board was dissolved on December 23, 1918, Functions: To consider the subject of the arsenal facili- ties required for the work of manufacture and repair that should be directly performed by the Ordnance Department, and to prepare and submit a project showing the proposed distribution of the work, the capacity to be provided, and the number and locations of the arse- nals proposed. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ARSENAL REQUIREMENTS BRANCH, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,— See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. ARSENIC SECTION, Collateral Commodities Division, Food Administra- tion.—See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. ARTIFICIAL DYES AND INTERMEDIATES SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Formed about June 1A, 1918, as the Artificial and Vegetable Dye Section, It became the Artificial Dyes and In- termediates Section about October 18, 1918, when supervision over vegetable dyes was transferred to the Tanning Materials and Natural Dyes Section. It was also known as the Artificial Dyes Section and as the Synthetic Eye and Intermediates Section, Discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions: To encourage and regulate the ac- tivities of the manufacturers and importers of dyestuffs coming under its Jurisdiction, Records: Among those of the Board in NA. ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,— Organized on April 25, 1918, taking over functions from the Pro- jectile and Trench Warfare Section of the former Gun Division, Functioned through the following Groups: Control, Fuze, Operating, Projectile, Proof, and Trench Warfare, Ch November 11, 1918, it was reorganized into the following two Groups: Operating and Ex- ecutive, Functions: To be responsible for inspection, promotion, acceptance, shipping, and progress reports for the manufacture (but not loading) of trench warfare material and bombs and of ar- tillery ammunition, including projectiles, fuzes, primers, adapters, boosters and fuze setters, and cartridge cases. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE GROUP, Gauge Branch, Execu- tive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See GAUGE BRANCH, 36 ARTILLERY AMMUNITION BRANCH, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created late in 1917; transferred with the Section to the Engineering Bureau by Gun Division Order No, 58 on January 17, 1918. Functions: To design artillery pro- jectiles, both mobile and seacoast; to design instruction material; to prepare ballistics; to supply proving grounds with proof mate- rial; and to handle experimental work for the development of new and better material. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ARTILLERY AMMUNITION BRANCH, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,— See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. ARTILLERY AMMUNITION PROGRAMS, BOARD OF OFFICERS TO REVIEW, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Appointed on July 3, 1918. Origi- nally consisted of six officers, but this number was later increased. Dissolved on December 6, 1918. Functions: To review the entire artillery ammunition program by caliber and to submit recommenda- tions as to requirements, procurement, inspection, and production. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. ARTILLERY AMMUNITION SECTION, Engineexring Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established on January 19, 1918. Func- tions : To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with artillery ammunition and its components, except explosives, powder bags, and cartridge cases; to handle work in connection with miscellaneous material, such as fuze setters, smoke bomb outfits, and target material; and to compile range tables and other ballis- tic data for use in the preparation of handbooks. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA, ARTILLERY BOARD, CATERPILLAR, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment. —See CATERPILLAR ARTILLERY BOARD. ARTILLERY BOARD, FIELD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— See FIELD ARTILLERY BOARD. ARTILLERY BRANCH, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. ARTILLERY CHIEF'S OFFICE, FIELD, War Department.—See FIELD ARTILLERY CHIEF'S OFFICE. ARTILLERY DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Organ- ized on February 1, 1919. Functioned through the following Sec- tions: Administration, Fire Control, Cannon, Railway and Seacoast Carriage, and Mobile Gun Carriage, Functions: To design, develop, procure, produce, and inspect cannon and carriages, including caterpillar and antiaircraft; railway and seacoast mounts; reels, carts, and observation towers for field artillery; firing platforms and platform wagons; ammunition cars; fire control instruments; and accessories and containers pertaining to the above. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ARTILLERY PROGRAMS, BOARD OF OFFICERS TO REVIEW, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department,—Appointed on June 1, 1918. Dissolved on November 6, 1918, Functions; To review the entire artillery pro- gram with reference to the problem of requirements, and to submit 37 recommendations as to requirements, procurement, inspection, and production, the general policy being to provide at least two sources of supply for important artillery components wherever practicable. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ARTILLERY SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized on January 15, 1918, by the consolidation of the Procurement Branches of the field Artillery, Anti-Aircraft, and Seacoast Sections of the Carriage Division, and the Procurement Branch, Cannon Section, Gun Division, together with one procurement function of the Small Arms Division, Operated through the Cannon, Carriage, and Miscellaneous Branches. Abolished on January 31* 1919. Functions: To handle the purchase of field, seacoast, and antiair- craft cannon, complete with guns, mounts, carriages, and accessory equipment, instruments, and spare parts; and to handle the purchase of optical instruments requiring glass. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, ARTILLERY SECTION, FIELD, Carriage Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See MOBILE CARRIAGE SECTION, Engineering Division, ARTILLERY SUBCOMMITTEE, ARMY AND NAVY, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—See ARMY AND NAVY ARTILLERY SUBCOMMITTEE. ARTILLERY TRACTOR BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about September 5, 1918, taking over some of the functions of the Tanks and Tractors Branches of this Section. Functions: To procure ar- tillery tractors for the Ordnance Department, Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ASBESTOS AND MAGNESIA SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board,—Formed on April 6, 1918; discontinued on December 31* 1918, Functions: To survey the total available production and stock on hand of asbestos and magnesia, and to take steps to remedy shortages thus revealed in order that the requirements of military, naval, and civilian consumers might be met. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, ASBESTOS, MAGNESIA, AND ROOFING COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Created in June and dissolved in November 1917. Functions; To advise as to conditions in the industries concerned. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War In- dustries Board in NA. ASSIGNMENT DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Organized in January 1919; combined in February 1920 with the Allocation Department to become the Allocation and Assignment Section of the new Traffic Department, On December 1, 1920, this Section was discontinued and the assignment activities were assumed by the Allocation Section, Functions; To recommend the allocation of vessels to the various trades and to assign vessels to managers or operators. Records; 1918-26 (14- feet) in NA, Reports, with related correspondence, pertaining to the fi- nancial standing, operations, management experience, personnel, trades, vessels, and equipment of managers and operators. ASSIGNMENTS COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—Organized in accordance with a Shipping Board resolution adopted on April 6, 1918. Consisted of three commissioners appointed by the Chairman, The resolution 38 was amended on April 18 to permit the Director of Operations to make assignments of vessels in cases where a delay would be imprac- ticable and to get the approval of the Assignments Committee there- after. Another resolution adopted on May 6 and amended on May 13, 1919, authorized the creation of an Assignments Division, under the direct jurisdiction of the Board, to supervise and approve assign- ments. This Division apparently assumed the functions of the Assignments Committee, Functions: To supervise and approve the assignment of vessels to steamship companies for management and operation. Records; Probably in the Maritime Commission. Deci- sions of the Committee are recorded, in the "Minutes of Proceedings" of the Shipping Board in KA. ASSIGNMENTS DIVISION, Shipping Board.—See ASSIGNMENTS COMMITTEE. ASSISTANT SECRETARY'S OFFICE, War Department.—Created prior to the outbreak of the war. The incumbent was also appointed Director of Munitions on November 11, 1917. Functions: To have general charge of Department administration and, as Director of Munitions, to be responsible for procuring and furnishing the Army in the field with the materials required for its military operations (except those required for the Air Service, which were handled by the Second Assis- tant as Director of the Air Service), Records: In the War Depart- ment. ASTRONOMY COMMITTEE, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 under the chairmanship of Edward C. Pickering. Became a part of the Divi- sion when it was organized in 1918. Functions: To conduct re- search and advise on matters relating to astronomy and its applica- tion to war problems. Records: In the National Research Council. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY, Smithsonian Institution.—Established about 1890. Functions: To meet during the war the requirements of certain Government agencies by conducting the research neces- sary to the solution of problems of a highly specialized scientific character, especially as they related to mathematics, physics, and astrophysics. Records; In the Astrophysical Observatory. The records of the Observatory relating to its war activities include those of investigations pertaining to (1) the pressure exerted by projectiles; (2) experiments on searchlights, especially as to the spectral distribution of light; (3) a method for determining geo- graphical positions without reference to landmarks; (U) experiments in special multiple charge rockets; and (5) experiments in the flight of trench mortar projectiles. Related records, especially completed reports, are in the Offices of the Chief of Engineers, the Chief Signal Officer, and the Chief of Ordnance, War Department. ATHLETIC DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Depart- ment.—Organized at the first meeting of the Commission on April 26, 1917. Functions: To have charge of recreational games in the va- rious camps, physical education instruction, and instruction in boxing and various methods of hand-to-hand fighting. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT SECTION, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MESS, CAMP, AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH. 39 ATHLETIC GOODS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. ATHLETIC SUPPLIES SECTION, Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See HARDWARE, CORDAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH. ATHLETICS DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, Navy Depart- ment. —See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. AUDITING DEPARTMENT, Milling Division, Food Administration,—Organized in September 1917. When the Milling Division -was abolished in July 1918, the auditing of milling cost reports was continued by the Cereal Enforcement Section of the Enforcement Division. Functions: To audit jobbers' and retailers' cost reports. Records: 1917-18 (31 feet) in NA, Reports from mills that operated jobbing depart- ments, accounting records, personnel papers, correspondence, and other records. AUDITOR FOR THE NAVY DEPARTMENT, Treasury Department.—Created in 1817 and abolished in 1921, when the functions of the six Auditors of the Department were transferred to the newly created General Ac- counting Office. Functions; To review and settle all accounts of the Navy Department, Records: In the General Accounting Office, AUDITOR FOR THE WAR DEPARTMENT, Treasury Department,—Created in 1817 and abolished in 1921, when the functions of the Auditors were trans- ferred to the General Accounting Office, During the war there was an Assistant Auditor with Offices in Paris, Functions: To receive and settle all accounts and claims of the War Department and Mili- tary Establishment and of The Panama Canal. Accounts relating to the Military Establishment abroad were handled by the Assistant Auditor. Records: In the General Accounting Office, AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL COMMITTEE, Operation Division, Railroad Ad- ministration,—Created on January 14, 1919, and abolished on March 1, 1920, Functions: To make a study of and report on auto- matic train control devices undergoing tests or available for tests on various railroads. Records: 1919-20 (8 feet) in NA, Include inspection files, copies of letters sent, and a general subject file. AUTOMOBILE AND BICYCLE ACCESSORIES SECTION, Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— See HARDWARE, CORDAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH. AUTOMOTIVE AND TRANSPORT MACHINERY SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Indus- tries Board,—The Automotive Transport Committee, a cooperative 40 committee of the Advisory Commission of the Council of National De- fense, was organized on June 4, 1917, as a channel of communication between the automotive industries and Government agencies. On September 4, 1917, it was reorganized and placed under the Finished Products Division of the War Industries Board as the Automotive Products Section, Discontinued on January 1, 1919. Functionsi To aid in the allocation of Government orders for automotive products and to advise on prices and purchases by the Government and its Al- lies, Records: 1917-18 in NA, most of them dispersed in the "con- solidated files" of the Board, AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORT COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of Na- tional Defense.—See AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board. AUXILIARY AGENCIES AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Department,—Organized by October 28, 1918, Discontin- ued by July 15, 1919. Functions: In connection with the adminis- tration of the Selective Service System, to handle matters relating to: The "Industrial Index" (a statistical summary of the occupa- tions of registrants); the local boards of instructions set up to inform and instruct men called into the military service prior to their arrival in camp; and the Students' Army Training Camps, Also to perform statistical and other work for the yearly report of the Office, Records: With those of the Office in NA. AVIATION AND SUBMARINE BASES SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy De- partment,—Established in March 1917 and reorganized somewhat by Bureau orders of August and October of that year. Functions: To have charge of the design and construction of shore facilities used in connection with aviation, submarine bases, and destroyer bases. Records: Dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, AVIATION BRANCH, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See AIRCRAFT SUB- DIVISION. AVIATION COMMITTEE, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED AVIATION COMMITTEE. AVIATION DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department,—See NAVIGA- TION BUREAU. AVIATION DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See AIR SERVICE MEDICAL DIVISION. AVIATION FUELS SECTION, Petroleum Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See PETROLEUM DIVISION, AVIATION INVESTIGATIONS SECTION, Physiological Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Prob- ably organized late in 1917 as a result of an allocation of $100,000 to the Mines Bureau by the Medical Research Board of the Air Service, War Department. Probably transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions; To devise oxygen apparatus and physiological and psy- chological tests for aviators. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investi- gations. 24-25 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919), 41 AVIATION ORDNANCE SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—Prior to the war there was no unit within the Bureau exclusively charged with the supervision of aviation ordnance, al- though the development and production of necessary aviation materi- al had been begun by officers of the Experimental, Explosives, and Gun Mount Sections. In October 1917 the Aviation Ordnance Section was created to have charge of this work. It is still in existence. Functions: To have charge of the design, specification, manufac- ture, and procurement of aircraft, armor, and armament, including bombs and their carrying and releasing devices, bomb sights, guns, gun mountings, sighting and synchronizing devices, and ordnance training material for aircraft use. Records: 1917-23 (7 feet) in NA. Correspondence, interoffice memoranda, shipment orders, record cards of work, photographs, and publications on aeronautics. In- cluded is a manuscript -"History of Aviation Ordnance of United States Navy," dated December 1918, Most of the records of the Sec- tion are in the Navy Department. AVIATION SECTION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department,— See AIR DIVISION. AWARD SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy- Department.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Func- tions : Recorded bids after formal competition and advertisement, checked up on recommendations from technical bureaus, notified con- tractors of awards, and indicated the amounts and specifications of each contract. During the war an "open door" office was maintained to explain the methods of purchase, to furnish bidding forms, to show for purposes of examination various bids received, to explain the methods of the record books, and, in general, to serve the many businessmen coming to make inquiries or transact business. Records: Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, AWARDS ADMINISTRATION DIVISION, National War Labor Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Probably organized in 1918 and terminated with the Board in 1919, Functions: To oversee the carrying out of awards and findings of the Board. Records; Dis- persed among those of the Board in NA. A 2 B BADGE COMMITTEE, WAR INDUSTRIES.—See WAR INDUSTRIES BADGE COMMITTEE. BAGGAGE, REMAINS, AND EFFECTS BRANCH, Administrative Division, Trans- portation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Formally initiat- ed on February 1, 1919, to combine the Lost Baggage Section of the Embarkation Service (created by Circular No. 8, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, 1919) and the Effects Bureau of the Embarka- tion Service (created in accordance with Circular No. I36, War De- partment, December 11, 1918). Functions: To find and deliver bag- gage lost by returning members of the American Expeditionary Forces and to deliver to proper heirs all personal effects belonging to deceased members of the American Expeditionary Forces, Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War De- partment, BAGS, BURLAP, AND TRAFFIC SECTION, Waste Materials Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See WASTE MATERIALS BRANCH, BAKERY BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Originally a Branch of the Administrative Divi- sion. By Office Order No. 129, January 2, 1918, it became a Branch of the Subsistence Division, This Branch was later abolished, its School Section being transferred to The Adjutant General's Office and its Equipment Section to the Hardware and Metal Division, Functions: To direct the supervision and operation of schools for bakers and cooks, and to furnish equipment for those schools. Records; Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. BAKERY EQUIPMENT SECTION, FIELD, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MESS, CAMP, AND PER- SONAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH. BAKING DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created in June 1917 as the Conmercial Bread and Baking Division and known successively as the Fresh Milk and Bread Division, the Baking Section of the Distribu- tion Division, and the Baking (or Commercial Baking) Division, Dissolved in December 1918, Functions; To reduce the cost of mak- ing and distributing bakery bread by determining standards for the size and ingredients of the loaf. The Division made a cost study of representative baking firms in collaboration with the Federal Trade Commission; received reports from baking firms; and conduct- ed an inspection system. Records; 1917-18 (134 feet) in NA. In- clude correspondence, interoffice memoranda, questionnaires, bak- ers' reports, inspection and enforcement reports, price charts, and statistical data. References; Food Administration, Policies and Plan of Operation; ’Wheat. Flour, and Bread ([Washington] 1917), and The Standard Loaf (Bulletin No. 11, Washington, 1917); F’ederal 43 Trade Commission, Report ... on Bakery Business in the United States [and] Report of the Bakery Section of the Food Administration. November 1917 (Washington. 1917). BAKING SECTION, Distribution Division, Food Administration,—See BAK- ING DIVISION. BALING SECTION, Packing Service Branch, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PACKING SERVICE BRANCH. BALLISTIC TRAINING GROUP, Explosives and Loading Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH. BALLOONS DEPARTMENT, Production Division, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. BASE DEPOT SECTION, AMERICAN ORDNANCE, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE BEPOT SECTION. BATTERY VEHICLES BRANCH, CARRIAGE AND, Cannon Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CARRIAGE AND BATTERY VEHICLES BRANCH. BAYONETS AND SABERS BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARMS BRANCH, BEAN DIVISION, Grain Corporation,—Established in March 1918; termi- nated in December 1919. Functions: To handle transactions in beans (including the 1917 pinto bean crop), peas, rice, and rolled oats. Records; 1918-19 (164. feet) in NA, Include general corre- spondence and other papers pertaining to the purchase, sale, ware- housing, shipping,and inspection of the above-named commodities and papers relating to the adjustment of claims. There is also some material of later date pertaining to liquidation. Related papers are among the records of the Bean Section, Canned Foods Di- vision, Food Administration, BEAN DIVISION FOR GROWING DISTRICTS, PINTO, Food Administration.— See PINTO BEAN DIVISION FOR GROWING DISTRICTS (COLORADO). BEAN SECTION, Canned Foods Division, Food Administration,—Organized early in the summer of 1917 and continued to function until the early part of 1919, An office called the "Pinto Bean Division for Growing Districts" was established in Denver to handle the prelim- inary work of signing contracts with pinto bean growers and ship- pers. Functions: To obtain an adequate supply of beans, especial- ly for the Army, the Navy, and the Allies; to regulate commercial canning; to prevent excessive speculation; and to act as liaison agent between the Food Administration and the Grain Corporation, It introduced the pinto bean to eastern markets in order to release white beans for the military forces and for export. Records: 1917- 19 (15 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, applications and per- mits to can beans, contracts, monthly reports of licensees, state- ments of past and present supplies and packs of canned beans, re- plies to questionnaires, and reports of profits and losses of bean dealers for the fiscal year ending June 20, 1918, Related papers a are among the records of the Bean D5.vision. Grain Corporation, References: William C. Mullendone. History of the United States Food Administration 1917-1919. 300-302 (Stanford University, 19A1). BEANS SECTION, SUGAR, FLOUR, CEREALS, DRIED FRUIT, AND, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Administration,—See SUGAR, FLOUR, CERE- ALS, DRIED FRUIT, AND BEANS SECTION. BEDS, STOVES, AND HEATING SECTION, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director’s Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MESS, CAMP, AND PER- SONAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH. BELGIAN DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation,—Established in August 1918, Also known as the Commission for Relief in Belgium Division, Ter- minated on June 30, 1919, when its functions were transferred to the newly created European Department. Functions: To handle trans- actions in noncereal commodities—chiefly meat, milk, cocoa, coffee, soap, oils, and clothing—that were purchased and shipped for the Commission for Relief in Belgium in accordance with an agreement of June 28, 1918, Records: 1918-19 (35 feet, not including records combined with those of the European Department) in NA, Correspond- ence, invoices, receipts, and other purchase records; registers showing shipments on contracts and other transportation records; and correspondence, vouchers, and other accounting records. BELGIUM, COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN.—See COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM. BELTING SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War In- dustries Board,—Formed about October 30. 1918; discontinued about December 31. 1918, Functions: To control the distribution of belt- ing leather. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. BIBS BRANCH, CONTROLLED, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See PURCHASING BRANCH. BIDS BRANCH, UNCONTROLLED, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department,—See PURCHASING BRANCH, BIOCHEMIC DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department,— Created as the Biochemic Laboratory on January 1, 1890; establish- ed as a Division on July 1, 1896; and incorporated in the Patholog- ical Division as a Laboratory on July 1, 194-0. Functions; During the war, to conduct biochemical and bacteriological research con- cerning animal diseases, meat products, and disinfectants; to pro- duce tuberculin, mallein, hog-cholera serum, and hog-cholera virus for official uses; and to analyze dips and disinfectants. Recordsi 1917-18 (2 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA. These relate to supplying the Army with mallein and to studies on the salvage of pickling materials and on substitutes for sugar in meat curing. BIOCHEMISTRY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, Na- tional Research Council.—Created in 1917, with Frank P, Underhill as Chairman, At first among the committees grouped in the Chemis- try and Chemical Technology Division, but soon transferred to the Medicine and Related Sciences Division. Functions: Researches conducted included studies of varieties of the velvet bean and its A5 utilization for food, substitutes for cane sugar, the minimum vita- min content of foods, and substitutes for acetone in extracting and drying processes. Records: In the National Research Council. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY BUREAU, Agriculture Department,—Originated in 1886 as the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy; became the Biological Survey Division in 1896; and in 1905 was given bureau status. It was transferred to the Interior Department in 1939, and was there merged with the Bureau of Fisheries to form the Pish and Wildlife Service on June 30, 1940. Functions: The war activities of the Bureau centered mainly in the Division of Economic Investigations, and included a program for the eradication of injurious rodents and the destruction of predatory animals. General plans for noxious- animal control were modified in response to war conditions in order to effect the increased production and conservation of food. The Bureau cooperated with State extension services and county agents, stockmen's associations, farmers. State councils of defense, and State livestock commissions. It was active in aiding the Army and Navy to eliminate rats from warehouses. Records: 1907-41 (500 feet) in NA, Include central correspondence files. Other records remain in the Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior Department, BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE DIVISION, National Research Council.—See AGRICULTURE, BOTANY, FORESTRY, ZOOLOGY, AND FISHERIES DIVISION. BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Adminis- tration.—Organized on March 1, 1918, as a result of a consolidation of the Bituminous Coal Bureau (created in February 1917) and the Coke Bureau (created in November 1917). Operated through the fol- lowing Sections: Coke, Gas and By Products Coal, Government Build- ings, Inspection, Lake and Canadian, Railroad Fuel Distribution, Steel and Munitions Plants, and Tidewater, Ended in June 1919. A, W, Calloway, Director,. Functions: To distribute coal and coke among the States and to honor requests from State Fuel Administra- tors, in accordance with a national budget that allotted the output of each coal-producing district throughout a State or group of States; to supervise the inspection of coal and coke; and to super- vise the distribution of coal and coke to railroads, steel and mu- nitions plants, and Government buildings. The Bureau was assisted by district representatives, who obtained reports of production and shipments from their respective districts and controlled the des- tination of shipments of coal from the producing districts, subject to the orders of the Director, Records; 1917-19 (452 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, orders, releases, requisitions, notices, circulars, tabulations, and other records. BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION.—Appointed by the President on December 19, 1919. Its dissolution was ordered by Executive Order No, 3249, March 24, 1920, effective upon the signing of certain agreements between coal miners and operators. Active work terminated on June 30, 1920, Functions; To investigate and adjust labor difficulties resulting from the general bituminous coal strike of November 1919. Among other activities the Commission studied the effect of former regulations of the Fuel Administration, the Railroad Administration, and the Interstate Commerce Commission. Records: 1919-20 (6 feet) in NA, Include the correspondence of the Commission; personnel records; files of the disbursing officer; general administrative records; testimony and petitions presented; minutes of meetings; digests of the preliminary presentations of the cases of the opera- tors and of the miners; a digest of the miners' exhibit; stenograph- ic transcripts of proceedings of the Commission (14 vols.); and 46 copies of the "Awards and Recommendations" and of the "Majority and Minority Reports" of the Commission. References: Interior Depart- ment, Annual Report. 1921, p, 18$; Bituminous Coal Commission, Award and Recommendations (Washington, 1920). BLOCKADE CONTROL SECTION, Supreme Economic Council.—See ALLIED BLOCK- ADE COMMITTEE. BODIES BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department,—Established about January 1$, 1918. Abolished after September $, 1918, when Supply Circular No, 87 trans ferred its functions to the Quartermaster Corps, Functions: To handle purchases of bodies for motor vehicles for the Ordnance De- partment, Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. BODY ARMOR COMMITTEE, HELMETS AND, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.—See HEIMETS AND BODY ARMOR COMMITTEE. BOLLING AERONAUTICAL MISSION.—See AERONAUTICAL COMMISSION. BOMB SIGHTS SECTION, Science and Research Division, Chief Signal Of- ficer’s Office, War Department.—See SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DIVISION. BOND DIVISION, Judge Advocate General’s Office, War Department.— Probably in existence before the war. Functions: To pass upon the legality of bonds sent to the War Department for approval and ac- ceptance and to determine the sufficiency of the surety or sureties. These included contract bonds, official bonds, bonds of rifle clubs, and bonds of educational institutions for ordnance and ordnance stores furnished for the use of units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Records; In the Judge Advocate General's Office, BOOK SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department,—See NEWS SECTION, BOOT AND SHOE SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board,—Established on May 28, 1918, and formally organ- ized on June 12, Discontinued on December 31* 1918, Functionsi To take over from the Commercial Economy Board the administration of methods of conservation in the boot and shoe industry. Worked in close cooperation with the Conservation Division, Records: Among those of the Board in NA. BOTANICAL RAW PRODUCTS COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoo- logy, and Fisheries Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917, with Edward M, East as Chairman, Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions; Collected data to aid manufacturers to find new sources of raw materials of a botanical nature, such as gums, oils, resins, fibers, and wood. Records: In the National Research Council. BOTANY COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fish- eries Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917, with John M, Coulter as Chairman. Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions: Promoted research on prob- lems related to the conduct of the war, such as the dehydration of fruits and vegetables, sources of rubber, the improvement of sugar beets, disease- and drought-resistant cereals, the cultivation of native drug plants, substitutes for cotton in the manufacture of explosives, and the food reserves in certain plants. Records: In the National Research Council. 47 BOXING AND CRATING SECTION, Packing Service Branch, Operations Con- trol Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment. —See PACKING SERVICE BRANCH. BOYS' WORKING RESERVE, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Organ- ized in April 1917. Prom January 1918 to June 19l9, when it was terminated, it functioned as part of the Employment Service, It had branches in every State. Succeeded by the Junior Division. Functions: To mobilize and train high-school boys between the ages of 16 and 21 for war work during the summer vacation, chiefly in agriculture but also in the manufacture of essential war materials. Records; Y/hereabouts unknown. References: Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 195-197 (fUrbana. 19201). BRAIN SURGERY SECTION, Surgery of the Head Division, Surgeon Gener- al's Office. War Department.—See SURGERY OF THE HEAD DIVISION. BRANCHES AND CUSTOMS BUREAU, War Trade Board.—Organized as the Branches and Customs Division of the Exports Bureau on October 13, 1917, and became a separate Bureau on February 6, 1918. By December it had 26 general branch offices. Beginning with March 1, 1919, the closing of the branch offices rapidly reduced the number of employ- ees, and on July 1, 1919, several persons were transferred to the War Trade Board Section of the State Department for the purpose of liquidating the affairs of the Bureau. Functions: To supervise the administration of the branch and cooperative offices and the representatives of the Board in the United States, and to transmit to the collectors of customs, through the Customs Divisior of the Treasury Department, the rulings of the Board, Records; 1917-19 (216 feet) in the State Department. Include general correspondence and correspondence with branch offices. BRASS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Formed at the request of the Chairman of the superior Committee on April 7, 1917, and terminated in August of that year. Functions; To pro- vide answers to technical questions in its field. Records; May be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. BRASS SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.— Established on April 6, 1918, as the Non-Ferrous Tube Section of the Board; about August 1 it became the Brass Section of the Fin- ished Products Division, Terminated on December 14, 1918, Func- tions ; To allocate manufactured products of copper, brass, and other copper base alloys, to maintain a sufficient supply of these commodities, and to stimulate new capacity. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. BREAD AND BAKING DIVISION, COMMERCIAL, Food Administration.—See BAK- ING DIVISION. BREATHING AND RESUSCITATING APPARATUS FOR SOLDIERS SECTION, Mining Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See MINING DIVISION, BROKERS' SECTION, Wholesale and Retail Division, Food Administra- tion,—Organized in October 1917 in the Distribution Division, transferred to the Wholesale and Retail Division in April 1918, 48 and returned to the Distribution Division in October. Terminated in January 1919. Functions: To supervise matters pertaining to commission merchants, who were placed under license and required to report prices and purchases and sales made on a brokerage basis and to observe margins of profits established by the Administration. Records: 1918-19 (2 feet) in NA. Correspondence with food brokers and commission merchants. BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND TOILET EQUIPMENT SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. BRUSHES AND BROOMS SECTION, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MESS, CAMP, AND PERSONAL EQUIP- MENT BRANCH. BRUSHES SECTION, Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See HARDWARE, CORDAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH. BUILDING BRANCH, Construction Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established in 1917. Functions: To purchase or arrange for the condemnation.of all lands and exist- ing buildings required by the Division; to let contracts for and supervise the construction of new buildings of approved design; to make arrangements for wharves, railroad sidings, and other special transportation facilities necessary in connection with buildings and lands purchased or erected under its direction; and to arrange for the equipment of buildings with furniture and machinery in oases where such action was necessary to prevent delay in operation. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, BUILDING MATERIALS DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. BUILDING MATERIALS DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Established on March 16, 1918, as the Building Materials Section of the Raw Ma- terials Division, and became a Division in the fall of 1918. Dis- continued on January 1, 1919. Functions; To exercise supervisory control over building materials, and to issue permits and clear- ances for materials required in permissible construction. Also to regulate fuel supplies for the industry. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. Included are pledges of companies to restrict the use of building materials to essential purposes, lists of Gov- ernment building-construction projects, and lists of non-war con- struction permits. Some correspondence of the Chief is filed with correspondence of the Chief of the Non-War Construction Section of the Priorities Division, together with applications for and copies of non-war construction permits, 1917-18, BUILDING MATERIALS SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on January 26, 1919. Subsequently became the Railway and Contractors' Equipment and Building Materials Section, In existence on June 30, U9 1920, Functions: To formulate policies relative to the sale of surplus building materials held by Department supply bureaus, to supervise sales by Department salvage boards, and to supervise the sale of surplus railway and contractors' equipment. Records: Whereabouts unknown. BUILDING REPAIR SECTION, Maintenance and Repair Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Probably created before the declaration of war as a Section of the Construction and Repair Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, Transferred to the Maintenance and Re- pair Branch, Cantonment Division, on October 10, 1917. Probably transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division, War De- partment, upon the formation of that Division on March 13, 1918. Functions; To handle maintenance and repair work on buildings in • Amy construction jobs. Records: In the War Department. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE, SALE OF, Claims Board, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CLAIMS BOARD, BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE, PUBLIC, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—Apparently existed throughout the war. Functions: To have charge of the lay-out, development, planning, and construc- tion of buildings and grounds; ammunition and storage depots; manu- facturing, assembling, loading, and industrial plants; housing; railway connections; and wharves, ships, and piers under the control of the Bureau. Records: In the Navy Department. BUILDINGS SECTION, GOVERNMENT, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Dis- tribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. BUTTER AND CHEESE SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Administration.—Organized in June 1918; terminated in the spring of 1919. Functions; To coordinate the purchase of butter and cheese by the Army, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the representatives of Allied and neutral governments, and other buyers. Records: 1918-19 (10 feet) in NA. Correspondence; statistics of butter pro- duced, printed, and sold and of surplus stock; inspection lists of butter reserved for the Government; and questionnaires addressed to cold-storage warehouses. BUTTER AND CHEESE SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Adminis- tration.—Organized in July 1917 under the Dairy Products, Cold Storage, and Packing House Products Division and transferred to the Perishable Foods Division in December, In October 1918 it was consolidated with the Canned Milk Section and the Milk Section to form the Dairy Products Division, which terminated in January 1919. Functions: To act in an advisory capacity to the Capital Issues Committee, the War Industries Board, and the War Trade Board in questions of priority of allotments, business expansion, and ex- ports and imports; to establish maximum margins for dealers in butter; and to control sales of cheese under a cost basis rule that allowed a "fair normal11 profit. Records: 1917-19 (12 feet) in NA, Correspondence, questionnaires, reports on the storage and distri- bution of butter and cheese, mailing lists, and other papers. 50 c CABINET.—The advisory council of the President, which is composed of the heads of the 10 executive departments. During the war these were as follows: Secretary of State, Robert Lansing (pre- ceded by William Jennings Bryan, 1913-13; succeeded by Bainbridge Oolby, Mar. 22, 1920); Secretary of the Treasury, William 0, McAdoo (succeeded by Carter Glass, Dec, 16, 1918, and by David F, Houston, Feb. 2, 1920); Secretary of War, Newton D, Baker; Attorney General, Thomas W, Gregory (succeeded by A, Mitchell Palmer, Mar. 5, 1919);. Postmaster General, Albert S, Burleson; Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Etemiels; Secretary of the Interior, Franklin K. Lane; Sec- retary of Agriculture, David F, Houston (succeeded by Edwin T, Meredith, Feb. 2, 1920); Secretary of Commerce, William C, Redfield (succeeded by Joshua W. Alexander, Dec, 16, 1919); and Secretary of Labor, William B. Wilson. For a time in 1918 the President also met regularly with a "War Cabinet" consisting of the heads of the six principal war emergency agencies. CABINET, WAR.—See WAR CABINET. CABLE AND REQUISITIONS SERVICE BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on May 19, 1919. Composed of five Sections, as follows: Cable, Edit- ing, Follow-up, Order, and Requisition and Routing. Disappeared in the divisional reorganization of November 6, 1919. At this time part of its functions were assumed by a Port and Cable Branch and part by a Requisition Register Branch. Functions; To receive req- uisition cables from troops abroad and to follow up and expedite the flow of supplies. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General’s Office in NA. CABLE AND TELEGRAPH SECTION, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Apparently existed for a very short time, and then became the Communication Bureau in the Code and Cipher Section, Records: In the General Staff, War De- partment. CABLE BRANCH, Executive Section, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Depart- ment.—Established as a part of the Planning and Control Section of the Control Bureau on January 1A, 1918, and remained in that Sec- tion when it became the Planning Section of the Estimates and Re- quirements Division on May 25, 1918. Later the Section became,the Planning Branch of the Executive Section, and the Cable Office be- came a separate Branch of the latter Section. Functions: To ana- lyze cables not of a routine nature received from military forces and other sources, and to plan the work entailed by these communi- cations and to arrange for and follow up its performance. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. CABLE BRANCH, Planning and Control Section, Control Bureau, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CABLE BRANCH, Executive Sec- tion, 51 CABLE BRANCH, EXPEDITIONARY, Methods Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Yfar Department.—See TELEGRAPH AND CABLE BRANCH, Administration Division, CABLE BRANCH, TELEGRAPH AND, Administration Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See TELEGRAPH AND CABLE BRANCH. CABLE CENSOR, CHIEF, Navy Department.—See COMMUNICATION DIVISION, Naval Operations Office. CABLE ENGINEERING SECTION, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—Established on September 7, 1918; discontinued on January 15, 1919. Functions: To handle mat- ters in connection with cable engineering. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, CABLE SECTION, ELECTRIC WIRE AND, Finished Products Division, War In- dustries Board.—See ELECTRIC WIRE AND CABLE SECTION. GABLE SERVICE, FOREIGN PRESS-WIRELESS AND, Foreign Section, Committee on Public Information.—See FOREIGN PRESS-WIRELESS AND CABLE SERVICE. CABLE SERVICE AND OVERSEAS BRANCH, Warehousing Division, Quartermas- ter General's Office, War Department.—Originated as the Overseas Cable Service and the Overseas Shipment Branch, both of the Supplies Division, On October 16, 1917, these two units were combined to form the Cable Service and Overseas Branch of the Warehousing Divi- sion. The Branch was abolished on February 13, 1918, Functions: To receive cables and requisitions from the American Expeditionary Forces, and to take action as authorized, including the following up of shipments until the supplies were received by the Embarkation Division, Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. CABLES DIRECTOR, MARINE, Wire Control Board, Telegraph and Telephone Administration, Post Office Department.—See WIRE CONTROL BOARD, CAMOUFLAGE, GAS. AND FLAME SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. CAMOUFLAGE SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions: To study camouflage techniques and to train personnel to do camouflage work. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. CAMOUFLAGE SECTION, Steel Ship Construction Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Estab- lished on February 4, 1918, and discontinued after the armistice. Functions: To apply camouflage designs developed by the Construc- tion and Repair Bureau, Navy Department, for both merchant and naval vessels. Records; 1918-19 (12 feet) in NA. Include corre- spondence, memoranda, notes, and copies of camouflage designs. CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, TRAINING, Navy Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, TRAINING, War Department.--See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. 52 CAMP AND EQUIPMENT SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. CAMP EQUIPMENT SECTION, Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See KITCHEN AND CAMP EQUIPMENT BRANCH. CAMP MUSIC DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Depart- ment.—Organized in May 1917. Functions; To conduct mass singing in the training camps, to train company song leaders to carry on the work overseas, to provide music and musical instruments, and to assist in the organization and training of military bands. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, CAMP-PLANNING SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Divi- sion, Quartermaster General's Office, Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division upon its organization on March 13, 1918. Functions: To plan the construction of camps and cantonments. Records: In the War Department, CAMPS AND RANGES DEPARTMENT, Operations Branch, Field Artillery Chief's Office, War Department,—See FIELD ARTILLERY CHIEF'S OFFICE. CAMPS SECTION, TRAINING, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.— See TRAINING CAMPS SECTION. CANADIAN CONTRACT ASSESSORS, War Department,—A post-armistice board of two officers, created by order of the Secretary of War on March 19, 1919, Functions; To represent the United States in its relations with the Imperial Munitions Board in the adjustment and settlement of war contracts and agreements entered into through the agency of the Board for performance in Canada, It was the func- tion of the Assessors to liquidate the financial affairs of the United States in Canada in essentially the same way that the Liqui- dation Commission of the War Department disposed of such affairs in other foreign countries. Final settlement was to be made by the Munitions Board, the agreement to be signed by a member of the Board and by one of the Contract Assessors sitting as a member. Records: In the War Department, CANADIAN RELATIONS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created in Septem- ber 1917 and transferred to the War Trade Board in January 1919, Functions; To promote friendly relations with Canada in regard to matters affecting food supply and regulations, and to cooperate with the Canadian Food Board in matters pertaining to food imports and exports so that policies established by the one country might not be nullified by the other. Records: 1917-19 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence and interoffice memoranda. CANADIAN SECTION, LAKE AND, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distri- bution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. CANAL SECTION, NEW YORK, Railroad Administration.—See NEW YORK CANAL SECTION. 53 CANCELLATION SECTION, Supply and Sales Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Created on June 11, 1919, as the successor to the Cancellation Branch of the Supply Division, established about January 1, 1919. On February 13, 1920, this Section was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Con- struction Claims Board, and it appears to have terminated with the abolition of that Board on August 24, 1921. Part of the functions of the Board were later transferred to the Claims Commission of the Shipping Board, which was succeeded by the Claims Department of the i’leet Corporation, Functions: To give preliminary approval of sup- ply cancelation cases of more than $50,000 and final approval of those of $50,000 or less; to investigate, negotiate, and recommend for settlement all supply cancelation casesj and to make settlements that could be made without cost to the Corporation. The Section took over the functions of the Fir Production Board when that agen- cy was abolished in July 1919. Records: With those of the Claims Department (175 feet) in NA. CANCELLATIONS, ADJUSTMENT, AND SALVAGE DIVISION, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUC- TION CLAIMS BOARD. CANCELLATIONS, CLAIMS, AND CONTRACTS BOARD, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUCTION CLAIMS BOARD. CANCELLATIONS DIVISION, Engineering and Purchasing Department, Gener- al Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Depart- ment.—In existence by June 21, 1918. In accordance with Supply Circular No, 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, October 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineer- ing Materials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase. Func- tions: To handle matters involving cancelations of contracts. Records: Probably among those of the Office of the Chief of Engi- neers in NA, CANISTER-FILLING SECTION, Gas-Mask Research Division, War Gas Inves- tigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See GAS-MASK RESEARCH DIVISION. CANISTER-TESTING SECTION, Gas-Mask Research Division, War Gas Inves- tigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See GAS-MASK RESEARCH DIVISION. CANNED AND DRIED FRUITS SECTION, Canned Foods Division, Food Adminis- tration.—See CANNED POODS DIVISION, CANNED FOODS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Established in June 1917. At various times it was known also as the Canned Goods Division and the Canned and Dried Fruits Division, It included a Section under the latter name, as well as Fish and Canned Milk Sections. In October 1918 some of the functions of the Perishable Foods Division were transferred to it. Abolished in February 1919. Functions; To assure an adequate supply of canned and dried milk, fruits, and vegetables at reasonable prices through voluntary agreements with canners, to prevent waste by cooperation with the canning industry, and to promote the production and conservation of pig tin and tin plate. The latter work was carried on with the aid of the Tin Plate Conservation Committee and the War Industries Board, Upon the termination of the Division its unfinished business regarding rebates to be made by canners based upon the actual cost of produc- tion at the end of their season's work was taken over by the newly 5U created Canners' Section of the Enforcement Division, Records: 1917-19 CAO feet) in NA, Correspondence, interoffice memoranda, reports, requisitions, and records of allotments. References: William C, Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administra- tion. 1917-1919. 270-281 (Stanford University, 1941). CANNED GOODS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVI- SION. CANNED GOODS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Advisory Com- mission, Council of National Defense.—Organized early in June 1917 by the Chairman of the Committee on Supplies. It ceased function- ing in the fall of 1917, and its duties were taken over by the new- ly created Food Administration. Functions: To advise the War and Navy Departments as to the sources of supply for canned goods and the best methods for obtaining canned goods. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. CANNED GOODS DIVISION, Food Administration.—See CANNED FOODS DIVI- SION.. CANNED GOODS SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Admin- istration.—Created in November 1917 to continue work previously performed by the Council of National Defense. Terminated early in 1919. Functions: To obtain at reasonable prices an adequate sup- ply of canned goods for the Army, the Navy, and relief agencies. Records: 1917-19 (61 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports of es- timated annual packs, tenders of goods available, allotment records, and requisitions. CANNED GOODS SECTION, Subsistence Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See SUBSISTENCE BRANCH. CANNED MILK SECTION, Canned Foods Division, Food Administration.— Organized on August 15, 1917. Merged with the Butter and Cheese and the Milk Sections of the Perishable Foods Division in October 1918 to form the Dairy Products Division, Functions; To increase the production of raw and processed milk, to set up standards for canned and dried milk, and to control prices and exports of canned milk. Records: 1917-19 (7 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, manufacturers' and exporters' reports, and Government and relief agency requisitions and records of allotments. CANNED MILK SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Adminis- tration.—Created in January 1918; terminated in February 1919. Functions; To handle allotments of canned milk for the Army, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Allies, and other large purchasers. Records; 1917-19 (11 feet) in NA. Correspondence; records of man- ufacturers' stocks, production, and shipments; tenders of canned milk available for purchase; records of allotments; and requisi- tions. CANKERS' SECTION, Enforcement Division, Food Administration.—Created in February 1919, succeeding the Canned Foods Division, and termi- nated in the following summer, , Functions; To stimulate economi- cal home and commercial canning in order to assure an adequate supply of canned goods at fair prices; to direct the payment of 55 rebates, based upon costs of production, by canners to wholesalers and to insure their being passed on to consumers; and to direct the movement for the conservation of tin. Records: 1917-19 (22 feet) in NA, Correspondence with regard to rulings and rebates; statisti- cal data; and reports of canners on costs, packs, and sales. CANNON AND SMALL ARMS BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—The work of cannon inspec- tion was originally carried on by various sections of the Gun Divi- sion. On March 1, 1918, the Cannon Section of the Inspection Divi- sion was created to perform this function. On April 15 the Section was consolidated with the Small Arms and the Small Arms Ammunition Sections of the Division to form the Cannon and Small Arms Branch, which was attached to the Executive Section, Inspection Division, after June 27, 1918. The Branch functioned through the Cannon Group and the Small Arms Group. Functions : To supervise the inspection of cannon, small arms, machine guns and accessories, swords, and bolos. On June 1, 1918, the supervision of forging contracts was transferred to the Metallurgical Branch, Inspection Division, Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. CANNON BRANCH, Artillery Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created as a separate Branch of the Section in Uarcji 1918, Continued iri operation until the armistice. Func- tions : To handle the procurement of cannon, cannon forgings, and spare parts and replacements. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. CANNON BRANCH, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Probably established on September 7, 1917. Its functions were transferred to other sections of the Gun Division on November 1, 1917. Functions: To supervise the manufacture, machin- ing, and assembling of cannon. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, CANNON SECTION, Artillery Division> Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See ARTILLERY DIVISION. CANNON SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established on January 19, 1918, Functions; To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with cannon of all sizes, including breech and firing mechanisms and gun forgings; to furnish technical information in regard to the maintenance of arma- ment; to examine firing and service records; and to study interior ballistics. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, CANNON SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established on September 7, 1917, by Gun Division Order No, 4. Operated through the following Branches: Design, Inspection, Procurement, Production, and Purchase, Its functions were trans- ferred to other sections of the Division on October 27, 1917, by Gun Division Order No, 20. Functions: To handle the design, pro- curement, inspection, and development of facilities for the manufac- ture of field and seacoast cannon and their accessories. These functions included work connected with design and revision, manufac- turing and production at arsenals, alteration and maintenance, and development, and all matters associated with the adoption of types; questions of a technical nature; and questions relating to erosion and interior ballistics. Records; Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA. 56 CANNCN SECTION, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War De- partment. —See CANNON AND SMALL ARMS BRANCH, Executive Section. CANNON SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment. —Created on January 14,1918. It later absorbed the Car- riage Section, which was established on the same date. Operated through a Cannon Branch and a Carriage and Battery Vehicles Branch, Abolished on October 23, 1918, Functions: To supervise and regu- late the production of cannon, gun carriages, and battery vehicles. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CANTONMENT ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION, War Department,—Established follow- ing an agreement between the Secretary of War and Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federation of Labor, on June 19, 1917, Consisted of three persons appointed by the Secretary of War, one representing the Array, one the public, and one labor, the last being nominated by Gompers. Its name was changed to Emergency Construc- tion Wage Commission in September 1918 by order of the Secretary of War. It was not liquidated until some months after the armistice. Functions: To adjust the wages, hours, and conditions of labor of those engaged in the construction of cantonments. Decisions reach- ed by the Commission were binding on all parties, and the work of construction was not to be interrupted pending a decision. On August 8, 1917, under a supplementary agreement of July 27, the Sec- retary of War included the construction of aviation fields within the jurisdiction of the Commission, and on September 4, 1917, the construction of warehouses and storage facilities was added. On December 28, 1917, the scope of the Commission was widened to encom- pass all construction work for the War Department, For a time its. functions included the standardization of wages in the building in- dustry throughout the country, but this function was later trans- ferred to the War Labor Policies Board. Records; In the War De- partment, References: Alexander M, Bing, War-Time Strikes and Their Adjustment. 14-19 (New York [1921]Gordon S, Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 133-135 ([Urbana. 1920]J. CANTONMENT DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.— See CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, War Department. CANVAS GOODS HARDWARE SECTION, Small Tools and Chests Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS BRANCH, CANVAS REPAIR BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on Octo- ber 28, 1918. By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 79 it was merged into the Repair Shops Branch. Functions: To direct the repair of cots and leggings and the repair and maintenance of tent materials, and to supervise by recommendation the purchase and distribution of equipment and supplies required for these purposes. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. CANVAS REPAIR SECTION, Repair Shops Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REPAIR SHOPS BRANCH. 57 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created on March 12, 1918. Discontinued on February 15, 1920, when its func- tions were transferred to the Liquidation Claims Division. Func- tions: To authorize expenditures made by railroads for improve- ments chargeable to capital account and to exercise supervision over such expenditures. Records; 1918-20, Those used for liquidation purposes are interfiled with the final settlement records of the Director General's Office in NA, The remaining records were author- ized for disposition in 1934- CAPITAL ISSUES COMMITTEE,—Two organizations bore the title of Capital Issues Committee, The first of these, which operated on a voluntary basis, was created under the Federal Reserve Board in January 1918 at the request of the Secretary of the Treasury, It was aided by an advisory committee and a subcommittee in each Federal Reserve Dis- trict, Despite the success of this Capital Issues Committee in re- ducing without compulsion unnecessary public and private expendi- tures, the need of a statutory basis for the organization was felt. Accordingly, a provision was made in the War Finance Corporation Act of April 5, 1918, for the creation of a Capital Issues Committee of seven members—the original Committee had three members—to be ap- pointed by the President, The members of the new Committee were appointed on May 17, 1918. The system thus changed from a voluntary one to a compulsory one, A Bureau of Examiners aided the Committee in digesting applications and gathering data on capital issues from local committees and from the Fuel, Food, and Railroad Administra- tions, the War Industries Board, and other governmental agencies. By Presidential Proclamation No, 1535, August 30, 1919, the Commit- tee was directed to close its affairs and to turn over its records to the Federal Trade Commission. Functions: To "investigate, pass upon and determine whether it [a security issue] is compatible with the national interest," This statement in the law meant in actual practice that the Committee tried to divert as many capital issues as possible from peacetime enterprises to others helpful in the prosecution of the war. One instance of its objectives was the order of the Secretary of the Treasury halting at a saving of mil- lions of dollars the construction of all new Federal buildings ex- cept those urgently needed in war work. Records: 1918-20 (230 feet) in NA. Correspondence, minutes, applications for permits, copies of permits issued, circulars, pamphlets, press notices, newspaper clip- pings, and a few maps and charts. Included also are the files of the several committees in the Federal Reserve Districts, except those for Boston and Minneapolis, which have apparently been lost. References; Woodbury Willoughby, The Capital Issues Committee and War finance Corporation (Baltimore, 1934); Capital Issues Committee, Report (65 Conn.. 3 sess,, H. Doc. 1485, serial 7582. [Washington, 1918]), and Report ... as of December 31. 1918 (65 Cong,, 3 sess., H. Doc. I836, serial 7582, [Washington, 1919]). CAPITAL ISSUES COMMITTEE SECTION, COOPERATION WITH, War Minerals In- vestigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. CAPITAL SENTENCES SECTION, DISMISSALS AND, Military Justice Division, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department.—See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION. CAR HIRE BUREAU, Operation Division, Railroad Administration,—Organ- ized on May 1, 1919, in Buffalo, Discontinued on June 16, 1920, when its functions were transferred to the Comptroller's Office, Functions: To facilitate freight and passenger car-hire settlements 58 with Canadian roads, and to maintain a record of all railroad-owned freight cars interchanged between the United States and Canada. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934,. CAR POOL, EASTERN RAILROADS COAL, Operation Division, Railroad Admin- istration.—See EASTERN RAILROADS COAL CAR POOL. CAR RECORD OFFICE, Car Service Section, Operation Division, Railroad Administration,—Created on May 15, 1918, and discontinued in Feb- ruary 1919. Known also as the Car Record and Tracing Office, Functions: To record movements of cars, especially those carrying Government freight, and to handle requests to trace Government ship- ments, It cooperated with such other units as the Tracer Section of the Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department, Pie cords: Probably in the custody of the American Rail- way Association. CAR REPAIR SECTION, Transportation Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on April 1 and probably abolished on July 1, 1918, when its functions were taken over by the Mechanical Department of the Opera- tion Division. Functions: To supervise the maintenance and repair of freight and passenger cars in railway shops and at outside points. Re cords: Probably destroyed as useless papers in 1934. CAE SERVICE BUREAU, Interstate Commerce Commission.—Established as the Car Service Division on July 9, 1917, under authority conferred by the Esch Car Service Act of May 29 of that year, and became the Car Service Bureau on October 17, 1917. Reorganized as the Service Bureau in April 1920, Functions: To regulate the movement, dis- tribution, exchange, and return of cars used in the transportation of property. Prior to the placing of the railroads under Federal control at the end of 1917, these functions were carried out mainly in cooperation with the Car Service Commission of the Railroads1 War Board. From February 6, 1918, until the return of the roads to private operation in 1920, the activities of the Bureau were coor- dinated with those of the Car Service Section of the Transportation Division (later the Operation Division) of the Railroad Administra- tion, Records: 1917-42 (900 feet) in the Interstate Commerce Com- mission. CAR SERVICE SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—Established upon the creation of the Divi- sion in March 1918, Functions: To have charge of car placements for Navy and Marine Corps representatives, contractors, and sub- contractors; to handle inquiries concerning embargoes; and to veri- fy the validity of requests from outside sources for transportation assistance and for the issuance of permits (through the Railroad Administration) for the movement of traffic. Records; Probably among those of the Bureau in NA, CAR SERVICE SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on February 6, 1918. Supplanted the Car Service Commission of the Railroads' War Board and took over its organization and per- sonnel, as well as some personnel of the Car Service Bureau of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Probably abolished with the Divi- sion on March 1, 1920. Its functions were taken over by the Car Service Commission of the American Rail-way Association. Functions: To coordinate freight-car supply; to supervise priorities in car movement and supply; to supervise the preparation of reports on car service, embargoes, and transportation conditions; and to issue in- structions relating to car service. The Section operated through 59 the Car Record Office, the Eastern Railroads Coal Car Pool, the Refrigerator Department, and the Tank Car Department, Records* Presumably in the custody of the Car Service Division, formerly the Car Service Commission, of the American Railway Association. CARBOHYDRATE LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department,— A Chemical Laboratory, concerned chiefly vdth carbohydrates, was es- tablished in the Department in 1862, Its work was continued in the Chemical Division, established in 187A, and in the Sugar Laboratory, established in 1902, which later was renamed the Carbohydrate Labo- ratory, Functions: During the war it conducted investigations bearing on explosives, including the development of a process for producing acetone from propylene, obtained by cracking petroleum oils; the development of a new analytical method for determining, in organic substances, nitrogen applicable to explosive, nitro-bodies; the making of crystallographic studies on potassium chlorate and tetranitroaniline; the production of corncob cellulose, a possible absorbent for nitroglycerine; and the preparation of pure nitrodul- cite and nitromannite and the investigation of the explosive proper- ties of these substances. It also aided in the production of cane syrup; conducted experiments having to do with the decolorizing of sugars and syrups; and studied methods of obtaining certain carbo- hydrates needed in bacteriological investigations, the supply of which had been cut off. Records: Those for the war period are among the general files of the Chemistry Bureau in NA. CARDIOVASCULAR SECTION, Internal Medicine Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Organized in June 1917. Continued to func- tion until September 9, 1919. Functions: To conduct cardiovascu- lar examinations of men in the military service, and to organize and train internists for the base hospitals. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CARGO SECTION, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established prior to De- cember 1917. Transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase as the Port Operations Division by Purchase and Storage Notice No, 9 of October 25, 1918, Functions: To control the movement of sup- plies from points of manufacture or storage to the seaboard for immediate loading or temporary storage; and to control the assign- ment of those supplies to ships for transportation abroad in order to meet schedules fixed by the commanding general of the American Expeditionary Forces, Records: In the Quartermaster General's Of- fice, Services of Supply, War Department, CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH, Water Transport Section, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH, Water Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department. CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH, Water Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated prior to the war as a Section in the Water Transportation Branch, Transporta- tion Division, Quartermaster General's Office. On May 25, 1918, it was transferred as a Branch with the Division to the Embarkation Service of the Purchase. Storage, and Traffic Division of the Gen- eral Staff, and on March ii, 1919, it was transferred to the Trans- portation Service Chief's Office, It gradually expanded until it operated through the following four Sections: Overseas Mail and Ex- press; Shore Establishments; Stevedores; and Overseas Cargo Shipments. 60 Functionst To be responsible for the duties Indicated by the names of the Sections through which it operated. Records} In the Quarter- master General's Office,.Services of Supply, War Department, CARGO TRANSPORTS SECTION, Vessel Operation Branch, Water Transporta- tion Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department,— See VESSEL OPERATION BRANCH. CARRIAGE AND BATTERY VEHICLES BRANCH, Cannon Section, Production Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Originated as the Carriage Section, which was organized on January 1A, 1918, to carry on the work formerly performed by the Production Section of the Carriage Division, later became a Branch of the Cannon Section, Abolished on October 23, 1918, Functions} To supervise and regu- late the production of gun carriages and battery vehicles. Records> Probably with those of the Office in NA. CARRIAGE BRANCH, Artillery Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created as a separate branch of the Section in March 1918, and existed until the armistice. Functions: To handle the procurement of carriages, caissons, limbers, and other vehicles, optical Instruments, and spare and replaceable parts for vehicles. Records} Probably with those of the Office in NA, CARRIAGE DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—In exist- ence prior to the outbreak of the war and continued by Office Order No, -8 of May 23, 1917, as one of the wartime divisions of the Ord- nance Chief's Office, Included the following Sections} General Control, Field Artillery, Machine Gun, Seacoast and Railways Mounts, Anti-aircraft, Motor Equipment, Inspection, Drafting Supply, and Production, On January 1A, 1918, as provided by Office Order No, 10A, the Division was absorbed by new bureaus and divisions, most of its functions being transferred to the new Procurement Division, The functions of the Inspection Section, however, were transferred to the Inspection Division, and those of the Drafting Supply Section and the engineering functions of the Machine Gun Section were trans- ferred to the Engineering Division, the latter activities being assigned to the Machine Gun and Small Arras Sections of that Division, Functions} To be responsible for the design, procurement, altera- tion, and repair of field artillery vehicles, seacoast gun carriages, railway mounts, antiaircraft mounts, machine guns, motor vehicles, and fire-control instruments; and to supervise means for the instruc- tion of commissioned, enlisted, and civilian personnel required in this work. Records} Probably with those of the Office in NA, CARRIAGE SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.--See CARRIAGE AND BATTERY VEHICLES BRANCH, Cannon Sec- tion, CARRIERS' ACCOUNTS BUREAU, Interstate Commerce Commission.—Established as an independent Carriers' Accounts Division in 1911; redesignated in 191? as the Carriers* Accounts Bureau. During the war it coopera- ted especially with the Public Service and Accounting Division (after February 1919 with the Accounting Division) of the Railroad Adminis- tration. Functions: To prepare uniform systems of accounts for car- riers engaged £n interstate commerce, and to examine the accounts of all such carriers and exercise the necessary supervision to assure the observance of accounting regulations adopted by the Interstate Commerce Commission, When the Government assumed control of the railroads in December 1917, the Bureau was obliged to revise the prevailing systems of accounts to conform to two organizations—that 61 set up by the Government for operational and that retained by each carrier for financial or corporate purposes. The Bureau also assisted in determining the average annual operating incomes of the railroads upon which the Government based its compensation to the roads for the use of their property. Records: 1908-1*2 (1,500 feet) in the Interstate Commerce Commission. Include reports and records of violations of accounting procedure; accounting reports; and testimony taken at hearings. CARS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Transportation and Communication Commit- tee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Created on May 1, 1917. Composed of six members. Dissolved on September 20, 1917, when its functions were taken over by the Production Commit- tee of the War Industries Board, Functions: To iscertain and keep constantly before the Council the situation with regard to railroad- car production; to regulate the building of cars and any necessary division of them between the United States and the Allies; to fa- cilitate the purchase of cars by the Allies; to consider the stand- ardization of cars for use by the United States Government in France; and to assist in designing cars for heavy artillery. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, Included are the minutes of the Committee. CARS STANDARDS COMMITTEE, LOCOMOTIVES AND, Operation Division, Rail- road Administration.--See STANDARDS FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS COMMIT- TEE. CARTOONS BUREAU, Committee on Public Information.—Organized in May 1918; discontinued on December 1, 1918. George J. Hecht and Alfred M, Saperston, Directors successively. Functions; To "mobilize and direct the scattered cartoon power of the country for constructive war work," especially through the issuance of a weekly Bulletin for Cartoonists. Records; Copies of the Bulletin for Cartoonists. June 7-November 30, 1918, Nos. 1-25, in NA, CARTRIDGE BAGS BRANCH, Explosives Section, Inspection Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive Section. CARTRIDGE CASE BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created September 20, 1917; trans- ferred to the Procurement Division by Gun Division Order No, 57 of January 13, 1918. Functions; To handle business negotiations in connection with the purchase of cartridge cases. Records; Prob- ably with those of the Office in NA. CARTRIDGE CASE BRANCH, FUZE AND, Projectile Section, Procurement Di- vision, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—-See FUZE AND CARTRIDGE CASE BRANCH. CASUALTY DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department.—See STATISTICAL DIVISION. CATERPILLAR ARTILLERY BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.- Appointed by the Chief of Ordnance on August 3* 1918. Functions; To investigate and make recommendations concerning the development of artillery mounted upon track-laying vehicles, and to recommend a program for the procurement of caterpillar artillery. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, 62 CATTLE FOOD AND GRAIN INVESTIGATION LABORATORY, Miscellaneous Divi- sion, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Created prior to the war, Functions: Under a project entitled "Utilization of Waste By-Products as Cattle Foods," to study chemical waste materials, to test them on cattle, and to devise methods of preparing them in a form suitable for commercial feeds. Records: Those for the war period are among the general files of the Chemistry Bureau in NA. CEMENT COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organiz- ed in May and probably dissolved in the fall of 1917, after which its functions were carried on by a war service committee composed of the same members. Functions: To distribute orders to cement manufacturers, and to maintain production and shipments of cement so that Government construction would not be delayed. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. CEMETERIAL BRANCH, Administrative Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Existed before the outbreak of the war. Functions: To supervise the care of national cemeteries, the in- terment of indigent soldiers, the supplying of headstones, and the registration of graves. Records: With those of the Office in NA. CENSOR, CHIEF CABLE, Navy Department.—See COMMUNICATION DIVISION, Naval Operations Office. CENSOR, CHIEF MILITARY, General Staff, War Department.—See MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIVISION. CENSORSHIP AND CORRESPONDENCE DIVISION, War Trade Intelligence Bureau, War Trade Board,—Terminated in April or May 1919. Functions; To censor material referred to the Division by the military, cable, and postal censors; to act as a clearinghouse between the various censorship offices and other Government agencies; and to coordinate the work of the Bureau by passing upon all correspondence. Records; Among those of the Bureau in the State Department. CENSORSHIP BOARD.—Established by Executive Order No. 2729-A of Octo- ber 12, 1917. Membership included representatives of the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Postmaster General, the War Trade Board, and the Chairman of the Committee on Public Informa- tion, The administration of the censorship was exercised by the Post Office Department, and the representative of the Postmaster General, Robert L. Maddox, acted as the Chairman of the Board, Dis- continued June 21, 1919. Functions; To censor communications by mail, cable, radio, telegraph, and telephone passing between the United States and foreign countr.- es with a view to preventing the transmission of enemy propaganda and to discovering information of military value. Records: In the Post Office Department, A copy of the minutes of the meetings jf the Board is in the Navy Depart- ment, References: James R, Mock, Censorship. 1917. 55-72 (Prince- ton [19A1-W. CENSORSHIP SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. CENSUS BUREAU, Commerce Department.—Established in 1903 and still in existence. During the war it included the following Divisions: Agriculture, Cotton and Tobacco, Geographer's, Manufactures, Popu- lation, Revision and Results, Statistics of Cities, and Vital 63 Statistics. Functions: To collect statistics on population, agri- culture, and manufactures and other subjects relating to social and economic matters. During the war it compiled special data on vari- ous materials and commodities and aided in carrying out the Selec- tive Service Act and in advertising the Liberty Loans, Cooperated with the Food Administration, the Fuel Administration, the Provost Marshal General's Office of the War Department, the Railroad Wage Commission, the Shipping Board, the Treasury Department, and the War Industries Board, Records: Those for the war period are in the Census Bureau, References: W, Stull Holt, The Bureau of the Census. 70 (Washington, 1929). CENSUS OF RESEARCH COMMITTEE, Administrative Division, National Re- search Council.—Appointed in September 1916 to prepare a national census of research. Composed of the chairmen of the central conmit- tees of the Council, under the chairmanship of S. W, Stratton, Di- rector of the National Bureau of Standards. Functions; Prepared a census of research men, of research facilities, and of lines of in- vestigation being pursued in Federal, State, and city governmental agencies, educational institutions, research foundations, and com- mercial and industrial establishments. Records; In the National Research Council, CENSUS SECTION, Hospital Division, Surgeon General's Office, War De- partment.—Probably established in the latter part of 1917 and named at one time the Census and Distribution of Patients Section. Soon after the signing of the armistice it became a Subsection of the newly created Hospital Administration Section. Functions;' To tabu- late a daily telegraphic census of the number of sick in all hospi- tals operated by the Office; to handle the distribution of sick and wounded from the ports of embarkation; and to transfer patients from hospital to hospital. Records; Pix>bably with those of the Of- fice in NA. CENTRAL ADVISORY PURCHASING COMMITTEE, Finance and Purchases Division, Railroad Administration,—The organization of the Committee was announced in March 1918. It was abolished on March 15, 1919, when its sections and functions were taken over by the Purchases Divi- sion. Functions: To assist the Director of the Division in coor- dinating and supervising purchases by railroads of equipment, mate- rials, and supplies. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Purchases Division in 1934* CENTRAL BUREAU OF PLANNING AND STATISTICS.—Organized early in June 1918 in response to the President's request in a letter to Bernard Baruch for an organization that could provide "a conspectus of all the present war activities of the Government and upon that base a periodical checking up of the actual operations and results." The Bureau operated as an independent agency directly under the Presi- dent but reported through Baruch. It was headed by Edwin F. Gay, who also headed and coordinated the Planning and Statistics Divi- sions of the Shipping Board and of the War Industries Board and the Research and Tabulation of Statistics Bureau of the War Trade Board. It had direct connection with most of the other agencies of the Government dealing with information of an economic nature. It in- cluded the Central Statistical Clearing House, headed by Z. L. Potter, On the statistical staffs reporting directly to Gay were over 1,000 employees, among them "many of the most eminent students of economic affairs and experts on research and statistical work," On December 2, 1918, it was designated by the President as the of- ficial source through which should be obtained the economic data u required by the American delegates at the Peace Conference, In June 1919 its "permanent records" were turned over to the State De- partment by the liquidating officer, and it went out of existence on July 1, Part of its work was taken over by the Bureau of Effi- ciency (abolished in 1933)* Functions : To prepare a periodic sur- vey or "conspectus" of the war activities of the various agencies of the Government and to organize and maintain a clearinghouse of statistical information. Only one "Consolidated Survey," dated October 1, 1918, was prepared before the armistice, but there were prepared a considerable number of special studies and reports cover- ing many subjects. The Statistical Clearing House built up a "prac- tically complete record" of commodity, shipping, labor, and railroad statistics and compiled and distributed four statistical bulletins dealing with food, fuel, minerals, and forest products. It also issued a periodical entitled Weekly Statistical News, cooperated with other agencies in the shaping of questionnaires, and functioned as the head of the Joint Board on Industrial Surveys. Records: 1918-19 UO feet) in NA, Include correspondence of Edwin F. Gay; general subject files; copies of weekly and special reports to the President and of the "conspectus" of war activities; data accumulat- ed for and copies of materials sent to the Peace Conference; reports, memoranda, charts, and the like received from members of the statis- tical staffs of other agencies; copies of bulletins; and personnel and office records. Others are possibly among records of the Bureau of Efficiency transferred to the Bureau of the Budget in 1933 and still in its custody. A few (4, inches) are known to be included among the records of the Statistical Standards Division of that Bu- reau, For related records, see the agencies that functioned under the direction of Gay, References: Zenas L. Potter, "The Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics," in American Statistical Associa- tion, Quarterly Publications. 16: 275-285 (Mar, 1919). CENTRAL DISBURSING DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War De- partment,—During the course of a number of years the depot quarter- master in Washington, D. C., came to exercise certain financial functions that related generally to the Quartermaster General's Of- fice rather than to the depot office. On June 12, 1918, there was established, by Office Order No, 451, the Central Disbursing Divi- sion, Quartermaster General's Office, and those functions were trans- .ferred to this new Division. This Division and the Finance and Ac- counts Division then together performed the financial functions of the Office. On October 21, these functions were transferred to the Finance Service, War Department, Functions: To handle the payment of officers on duty at Washington, D. C., and of those officers separated from the service, the payment of retired officers and en- listed men, and mileage accounts; to handle payment of officers' allotments and of Class E allotments by enlisted men; to handle all matters pertaining to the settlement of transportation, telegraph, and cable accounts; to handle the accounts of the Commission on Training Camp Activities, the Commission on Education and Special Training, and the Committee on Classification of Personnel in the Army; and to handle the payment of the traveling expenses of civil- ian employees and the settlement of all other accounts not pertain- ing to depots. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Finance, War Deoartment, CENTRAL RECORDS AND INFORMATION BUREAU, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on February 1, 1920, to consolidate the records and functions of the Actuarial and Ship- ping Information Departments (created in May 1919) and of the In- telligence Section (created in September 1919). In Septemoer 1921 65 it became the Records and Information Section of the Statistical Department, Functions: To collect and maintain records and data pertaining to the acquisition and operation of vessels owned or under control of the Shipping Board, Records: 1919-24. (29 feet) in NA. Reports, mimeographed material, charts, and correspondence pertaining to the allocation and chartering of vessels, vessel move- ments, cost of operation, laid-up fleet, vessel personnel, and voy- age accounts. CENTRAL RECRUITING COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Ad- ministration, Labor Department.—Authorized by the War Labor Poli- cies Board on May 29, 1918, Its first meeting was held on June 3, 1918, and it was probably discontinued the same month. Functions: To consider and report upon a plan for the central recruiting of industrial labor. Records: Interfiled with those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of meetings of the Committee and its report to the Board. CENTRAL STATISTICAL CLEARING HOUSE.--See CENTRAL BUREAU OF PLANNING AND STATISTICS. CENTRALIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS COMMITTEE, War labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Authorized by the War Labor Policies Board on May 29, 1918, Its first meeting was held on June 3> 1918, and it was probably discontinued the same month Functions: To draft and report a plan for collating information al- ready in the possession of Government agencies and for centralizing the collection and utilization of industrial statistics. Records; Interfiled with those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of meet- ings of the Committee and of the meeting of the Board at which the Committee's report was considered. CERAMICS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council,—See CHEMISTRY OF CERAMICS COM- MITTEE. CERAMICS DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department,—Probably organized in 1918, taking over some of the functions of the Struc- tural, Engineering, and Miscellaneous Materials Division, Succeed- ed by the Clay and Silicate Division in 1928, Functions; To study, develop, and standardize the uses for clays. Records; In the Na- tional Bureau of Standards, » CEREAL DIVISION, Food Administration.—Established in July 1918, with Julius H. Barnes, President of the Grain Corporation, as Chief. It worked closely with and its expenses were paid by the Corporation, It consisted of the Coarse Grains, Milling, and Rice Sections, which succeeded the former Divisions of the same names. Terminated in the summer of 1919. Functions; To exercise jurisdiction over matters pertaining to grains and their products, including milling and ware- housing; to recommend fair prices; to control activities of grain exchanges; and to serve as liaison between the Administration and the Corporation, Pie cords; 1917-19 (164 feet) in NA, Correspond- ence, agreements, reports, and minutes of conferences. References; William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Adminis- tration. 1917-1919. 288-298 (Stanford University, 1941); Food Ad- ministration, Cereal Division, Plans and Policies . . . Wheat and Flour Control for the 1918 Wheat Crop. Series A [and~B] (New York, July-Aug. 1918), 66 CEREAL ENFORCEMENT SECTION, Enforcement Division, Food Administra- tion.—Organized in the spring of 1918. During the summer, zone committees were created throughout the country to facilitate its work. Dissolved on June 30, 1920, when its unfinished business was taken over by the Grain Corporation, Functions: To deal with all enforcement questions relating to milling and feed. After July 1, 1913, it audited millers' accounts in order to ascertain and make proper disposition of their excess profits, and this work continued after other activities of the Administration had ceased. Records: 1917-20 (143 feet) in NA, Correspondence, millers' reports, account' ing records, and minutes of investigations of milling companies. Also included are some auditing records, 1924-28, which were added by John G, Dudley, who had been chief auditor of the Section and was later employed by the Grain Corporation, References: Wilfred Eldred, "The Wheat and Flour Trade Under Food Administration Control 1917-18," in Quarterly Journal of Economics. 33s 1-70 (Nov, 1918). CEREAL PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation,—Established in May 1918, Terminated in December 1918, when its functions were trans- ferred to the Coarse Grain Department, Functions: To handle sub- stitute flours such as com meal and com, rye, and barley flours, the purchases of which were negotiated first by the Milling and Ce- real Divisions of the Food Administration and after June 1918 by the Flour Department of the Grain Corporation, Records: 1918 (19 feet) in NA, Include purchase contracts, shipping records, and inspection papers. Journals and ledgers of the Department are among the rec- ords of the Coarse Grain Department, and other records are among those of the Transportation Department of the Corporation, CEREALS BRANCH, FLOUR AND, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSIST- ENCE DIVISION. CEREALS SECTION, Subsistence Branch, Surplus Property Division, Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department. See SUBSISTENCE BRANCH. CHAIN [AND] BLACKSMITH'S EQUIPMENT SECTION, Heavy Hardware Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See HEAVY HARDWARE BRANCH, CHAIN SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board,— Organized on April 11 and discontinued on December 4, 1918, Func- tions: To obtain data as to sources of supply for chains; to en- courage the creation of new facilities for their production; and to stimulate production. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, CHAPLAINS DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department.—See NAVIGA- TION BUREAU. CHARTERING COMMITTEE, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Consisted of three members appointed on Septem- ber 29, 1917, by a resolution of the Executive Committee of the Trustees of the Corporation. The Committee resigned on March 1, 1919, its work having been taken over by the Tank Steamer and Char- tering Executive on February 22, 1919. Functions: To control all American vessels under 2,$00 tons and all neutral shipping in Amer- ican foreign trade, through the granting of charters and the fixing 67 of charter rates, in order to secure, tonnage for the trades and com- modities considered most necessary under "war conditions. Records: 1917-19 (120 feet) in NA, Correspondence and reports concerning the chartering of vessels not included under requisition orders. CHARTS DIVISION, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Commerce Department.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To perform various duties in connection with field charts. Daring the war it prepared maps and charts for the Viar and Navy Departments, especially in connec- tion with submarine activities. Recordst Some are among those of the Survey in NA, CHASSIS BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established about January 15, 1918j abolished on September 5» 1918, when Supply Circular No. 87 transferred its functions to the Quartermaster Corps, Functions: To handle the purchase of chassis for the Ordnance Department, Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CHEMICAL ALLIANCE, INC.—See CHEMICALS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Ma- terials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Coun- cil of National Defense. CHEMICAL AND OILS SUBSECTION, Raw Materials and Scrap Section, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAIN MATERIALS AND SCRAP SECTION. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, Geologic Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Department,—Existed under this title during the war. In 1926 it became the Section of Chemistry and Physics, Functions: To aid certain other Government agencies by making lab- oratory tests necessary in the identification and determination of minerals, ores, and rocks; by making quantitative and qualitative analyses of specimens; by carrying on research projects, principally of a physical-chemical nature; and by publishing reports and infor- mation particularly significant to the war effort. Records; In the Geological Survey, Include correspondence; reports on and record books of chemical and physical analyses of minerals, rocks, and ores especially strategic minerals; mathematical and other calculations; and manuscripts pertaining to research problems, particularly as re- lated to increased production and to activities of the Division. CHEMICAL APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1916 as a subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, under the chairman- ship of Arthur H, Thomas. Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions: Among other activities, it lo- cated special types of apparatus and measuring instruments required by Government agencies and brought about the manufacture of certain types of apparatus not otherwise available. It also undertook to obtain duty free importations of apparatus for educational institu- tions; the manufacture of certain apparatus for student use; the standardization of certain types of apparatus; and the preparation of satisfactory descriptions of certain measuring instruments, to- gether with instructions for their use. Records; In the National Research Council. CHEMICAL BRANCH, Raw Materials Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated as the Chemical Control Unit of the Raw Materials Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Division, On January 15, 1918, it became the Chemical Branch of 68 the Raw Materials Section, Functions: To handle the purchase of chemical raw materials. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CHEMICAL COMMITTEE, INTERALLIED.--See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Di- vision, National Research Council.—Appointed in January 1918 as a subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, with Charles F, McKenna as Chairman. Became a part of the Division when it was organized later in 1918. Functions: Promoted research on war problems in chemical engineering and assisted in bringing the services of chemical engi- neers more directly and fully to the aid of the Government. Records; In the National Research Council, CHEMICAL GLASS AND STONEWARE SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Indus- tries Board.—Established on April 6 and discontinued on December 31, 1918, Functions; To take steps to increase or decrease production (as data obtained showed shortages or surpluses) and to allocate the available supplies of glass and stoneware. Records: Probably among those of the Board in NA, CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS DIVISION, Soils Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—See SOILS BUREAU. CHEMICAL LOADING AND EXPLOSIVES BRANCH, Plant Facilities Section, In- spector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. CHEMICAL PROCESS GROUP, Explosives and Loading Branch, Executive Sec- tion, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,— See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, CHEMICAL RESEARCH BRANCH, Trench Warfare Section, Engineering Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Probably established in 1917 as part of the Trench Warfare Section, Gun Division; trans- ferred with the Section to the Engineering Division on January 18, 1918. Functions; To handle research work in connection with the activities of the Section. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. CHEMICAL RESEARCH DIVISION (DEFENSE), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized in January 1918, when a sepa ration of offense and defense research was effected. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 2$, 1918. Functions: To undertake research relating to gas masks, special filters and absorbents, the detection and neutraliza- tion of gases, the production of smoke screens, the development of impregnated charcoal, and the development of protective ointments against mustard gas. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 33**34 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). CHEMICAL RESEARCH DIVISION (0F5ENSE), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Organized in June 1917. Concerned only with research relating to offense after January 1918, when a separation of offense and defense research was effected. Operated through the following Sections: Analytical Research; Incendiary; and Toxic Materials Development, Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Func- tions: To prepare new toxic substances; to develop the manufacture 69 of toxic materials; to develop smoke and incendiary mixtures; and to engage in research on inorganic compounds. Records: In the War De- partment and the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations. 31-33 (Bulletin 173A. Washington, 1919), CHEMICAL SECTION, Science and Research Division, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Department,—Formed in Inlay 1918 from facilities and per- sonnel provided by the Color Laboratory, Chemistry Bureau, Agricul- ture Department. Abolished in November 1918. Functions: To conduct investigations and experiments in the production of sensitizing dyes, incendiary bullets, smoke screens, acetic acid, acetones, caseins, and similar materials. Records; May-Nov. 1918 (3 feet) in NA, Cor- respondence, reports, memoranda, minutes of meetings, and papers re- lating to research projects. CHEMICAL SECTION, Science and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, ’War Department.—See SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DIVISION. CHEMICAL STATISTICS, JOINT OFFICE ON, Chemicals Division, War Indus- tries Board.—See JOINT OFFICE ON CHEMICAL STATISTICS. CHEMICAL SUPERVISORY GROUP, Explosives and Loading Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment. —See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH. CHEMICAL WARFARE BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division,'Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION. CHEMICAL WARFARE SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department. See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE, War Department.—Established by General Or- ders, No. 62, June 28, 1918, which consolidated the Chemical Service Section of the National Army, the gas defense production and gas training activities of the Gas Defense Division of the Surgeon Gen- eral's Office, the gas offense production activities of the Ordnance Chief's Office, and the research work that had been developed by the War Gas Investigations of the Bureau of Mines, Interior Department. It functioned during the war through the following Divisions: De- velopment (with headquarters at Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio), Euro- pean, Gas Defense Production, Gas Offense Production, Medical, Prov- ing (which directed the Lakehurst Proving Grounds in N. J,), Re- search (which took over work begun by the Mines Bureau), and Train- ing. Still in existence. Functions; To develop, produce, and test articles of gas offense and defense, and to organize and train of- ficers and troops in gas defense. Records: In the War Department. CHEMICAL WARFARE SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—By Purchase and Storage Notice No, 9 of October 25, 1918, there was established a Chemical Warfare Branch, which became the Chemical Warfare Subdivision on November 22, 1918, This unit was probably discontinued prior to the abolition of the Port Operations Division on February 1, 1919. Functions: To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of chemical warfare supplies through ports of embarkation for overseas forces, and to regulate the movement of such supplies in accordance witn estab- lished priorities. Records; Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. 70 CHEMICALS AND EXPLOSIVES mVISION, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Council of National Defense.—See CHEMICALS DIVISION, War Industries Board, CHEMICALS AND EXPLOSIVES DIVISION, War Industries Board.—See CHEMI CALS DIVISION. CHEMICALS AND EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Ac- counts Bureau, Navy Department,—Apparently created during the war. Functions: To work with the Ordnance Bureau in obtaining the neces- sary chemicals out of which to make explosives. The Section also gave much consideration to the matter of production, especially as to methods of facilitating increased production. Records: Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, CHEMICALS BRANCH, Raw Materials and Paints Division, Purchase Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS DIVISION. CHEMICALS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— Organized in the spring of 1917 at the request of the Chairman of the superior Committee, Operated through the following Subcommit- tees: Acids, Alkali, Coal-Tar By-Products, Electrochemicals. Fer- tilizers, Miscellaneous Chemicals, Pyrites, and Sulphur. The War Industries Board, created in July 1917, took over many of the func- tions of the Committee, and on December 4, 1917, the Chemical Alli- ance, Inc., formally took over the various subcommittees. The Chemical Alliance had been incorporated in Connecticut on July 30, 1917, at the request of the Commerce Department to meet certain con- ditions that were arising in the handling of foreign pyrites. Func- tions: To reduce and stabilize prices by voluntary agreement of producers, to develop new resources, and to handle matters pertain- ing to priorities and the allocation of materials. Records; Some are among those of the War Industries Board in NA; others were taken over by the Chemical Alliance, Inc., and are probably now in private hands. CHEMICALS DIVISION, Food Administration.—See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. CHEMICALS DIVISION, War Industries Board,—Formed April 17, 1917, as the Chemicals and Explosives Division under the Raw Materials, Min- erals, and Metals Committee of the Advisory Commission of the Coun- cil of National Defense, About November 1, 1917, it was reorganiz- ed as the Chemicals and Explosives Division of the War Industries Board, and included commodity sections in charge of various products It became the Chemicals Division on June 1, 1918, when jurisdiction over explosives was transferred to the newly created Explosives Di- vision. It retained the commodity sections dealing with chemicals. Discontinued December 31, 1918. Functions; To collect data regard- ing productive capacity for chemicals, to increase production, to allocate supplies, and to act as the general point of contact be- tween Government agencies using chemicals and the organizations pro- ducing them. Records; Among those of the Board in NA, chiefly in the "consolidated files." There are, however, some segregated card records of the Wood Chemicals Section, the Nitrates Section, and the Joint Office on Chemical Statistics. 71 CHEMICALS SECTION, LUBRICANTS, FUELS, AND, Civil and Mechanical Divi- sion, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. CHEMICALS SECTION, MISCELLANEOUS, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—See MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS SECTION. CHEMICAIS, SISAL, AND JUTE DIVISION, Food Administration.-—See COLLAT- ERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. CHEMICALS SUBCOMMITTEE, MISCELLANEOUS, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS SUBCOMMIT- TEE. CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, National Research Council.- Organized early in 1918 as a part of the war organization of the Council, Its first Chairman, M, T, Bogert, was succeeded in March 1918 by John Johnston, In addition to the Nitrate and Explosives Investigations Committees, there were active at the tine of the ar- mistice Special Committees on Chemical Apparatus and Supplies, Chemi- cal Engineering, and Synthetic Drugs, as well as Committees on the Chemistry of Ceramics, Colloids, Fuels, Glass, Rubber and Allied Sub- stances, Soils and Fertilizers, and Textiles and Fabrics. The Divi- sion was reorganized for peacetime activity on March 21, 1919, under the chairmanship of Wilder D, Bancroft, Functions : To handle mat- ters with reference to the subjects Indicated by the names of its Committees, The Division promoted laboratory research on war prob- lems; maintained a staff of special consultants; served as a clear- inghouse for advice and information; prepared, at the request of the War Department's Committee on Education and Special Training, rec- ommendations and courses of study for the training of chemists in the Student's Army Training Corps; held frequent conferences on war problems; and maintained close cooperation with the War and Navy De- partments, the War Industries Board, and other Government agencies. Records: In the National Research Council. CHEMISTRY.AND PHYSICS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Depart- ment,—Created on November A, 1915* Consisted of seven members, with W, R. Whitney as Chairman. Succeeded early in 1916 by the Chemistry Committee and the Physics Committee,—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF GLASS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Set up in 1916 as a subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee under the chairmanship of Arthur L, Day, Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918, Functions: To promote research in problems in the chem- istry of glass. Records: In the National Research Council. CHEMISTRY BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—A Division of Chemistry was established in 1863 and given bureau status in 1901. It operat- ed during the war through more than a dozen Laboratories, including: Carbohydrates; Color; Food Control; EYuit and Vegetable Utilization; Leather and Paper; and Oil, Fat, and Wax. In 1927 it was combined with the Bureau of Soils to form the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, In 1938 most of its units were transferred to the Bureau of Agri- cultural Engineering to form the present Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, Functions: During the war it assisted 72 other agencies, especially the military and naval services, through the performance of its regular functions and of special functions authorized by the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917. For the Food Administration, the Bureau acted in a consulting capacity, fur- nishing technical information concerning trade practices and methods of manufacture and making a number of special investigations. It assisted the Baking Division of the Administration and organized the supervision of commercial bakeries throughout the country; cooperat- ed with the Administration in the control of perishable products, the fat and oil supply, and canned goods, and in the conservation of essential materials such as tin plate, fish, wheat, poultry, eggs, and sugar; and helped in conducting a prevention campaign agair\st dust explosions and fires. For the War Department, the Bureau or- ganized much of the chemical research work. It conducted technical investigations of war problems, including those relating to dyes, processes for making secondary alcohol, acetones and ketones, photo- graphic chemicals, smoke screens, incendiary bullets, and charcoal; supplied rare carbohydrates for research work; developed explosives; produced caustic soda; studied problems of waterproofing and mildew- proofing leather and fabrics; made fiber containers and baling for use in overseas shipment; cooperated with the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in the inspection and purchase of the vast quantities of food supplies and drugs needed by the Army and with the Sanitary Corps in making nutritional surveys at Army cantonments; manufac- tured and supplied the rare sugars required for the use of the bac- teriologists of the Amy Medical Corps; assisted the War Department in connection with gas warfare; conducted research investigations on the antiseptic qualities of some important compounds for the Army and Navy Medical Corps; and supervised much of the research and de- velopment work of the Aircraft Production Bureau, It also assisted in controlling and licensing the ammonia-producing and the fertilizer industries and furnished chemica] information to the War Trade Board and the "War Industries Board, Pie cords: 1863-1942 (1,600 feet) in NA, Those for the war period include general files and special subject-matter files containing such material as memoranda of staff members submitting suggestions to the National Research Council on war-related agricultural research work to be performed by the Bu- reau; plans for the organization of the Bureau for war work, espe- cially for a survey of food and drug supplies; and correspondence and questionnaires relating to a survey of the use of cereals and cereal by-products for other than food purposes. Records of the various divisions and laboratories carrying on war activities are dispersed among the general and special files of the Bureau. References: Gustavus A, Weber, The Bureau of Chemistry and Soils (Baltimore, 1928), CHEMISTRY COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, Na- tional Research Council,—Appointed in 1916 under the chairmanship of M. T, Bogert. Became a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Tech- nology Division when it was organized in 1918, Functions: To pro- mote research in chemistry and to correlate and integrate the work of subcommittees assigned to the solution of problems related to the conduct of the war. Worked in close touch with units of the and Navy Departments, the War Industries Board, and the Council of National Defense. Records: In the National Research Council, CHEMISTRY DIVISION, Hygienic Laboratory, Scientific Research Division, Public Health Service, Treasury Department,--See SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION, 73 CHEMISTRY DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department.—In exist- ence prior to the war. Functions: To perform the chemical work of the Bureau. During the war it cooperated in gas defense work; in- vestigated textile dyes for Array uniforms; developed paints, var- nishes, and protective coatings; and helped prepare roofings for temporary war buildings. Records: In the National Bureau of Stand- ards. CHEMISTRY OF CERAMICS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Organized in 1916 as a subcom- mittee of the Chemistry Committee, under the chairmanship of E. W, Washburn, Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions; The Committee outlined projects for a cooperative survey of ceramic raw materials, which resulted in a conference of representatives of the Government, the American Ceramic Society, and the Association of American State Geologists and in a systematic survey of ceramic resources in a number of States, At the request of the Fuel Administration it prepared a synopsis of a course in chemistry combustion and fuel engineering and, at the request of the War Department, a special war course in ceramic engineering for the Students' Army Training Corps, Records; In the National Re- search Council. CHEMISTRY OF COLLOIDS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 as the Chem- istry of Glue and Other Colloids Subcommittee of the Chemistry Com- mittee, with Jerome Alexander as Chairman. Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions; To cooperate with other Government agencies in the preparation of standard spec- ifications for glues and gelatin. Records: In the National Research Council. CHEMISTRY OF FUELS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Divi- sion, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 as a subcommit- tee of the Chemistry Committee, under the chairmanship of Raymond F. Bacon and later of E. R. Weidlein, Made a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division when it was organized in 1918, Functions; In cooperation with the Bureau of Mines, the Bureau of Standards, the British War Mission, and other agencies, the Coamit- tee concentrated its activities on obtaining a better fuel for air- plane motors. It also, in cooperation with the Engineering Experi- ment Station of Purdue University, conducted a series of tests on carburetors in an effort to determine losses of efficiency and the causes and remedies of such losses. Records; In the National Re- search Council. CHEMISTRY OF GLUE AND OTHER COLLOIDS SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemistry Commit- tee, National Research Council,—See CHEMISTRY OF COLLOIDS COMMIT- TEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division. CHEMISTRY OF RUBBER AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 as a subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, with David Spence as Chairman, and made a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions; * Its activities included investigation of the rubber content of certain California shrubs, cooperation with the Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department, in the preparation of specifications and tests for automobile tires and tubes, investigations on the recovery of cotton from scrap tire fabric and tire waste, and cooperation in 74 rubber work required in4the preparation of submarine detectors. Records: In the National Research Council, CHEMISTRY OF SOILS AND FERTILIZERS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Created in 1917 as a subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, under the chairmanship of H, J, Wheeler, and made a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Tech- nology Division when it was organized in 1918, It was discharged later in 1918 in favor of the Special Joint Committee on Fertilizer Investigations formed in the Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, Functions: Its activities included the preparation of a census of potash needs for agricultural purposes, the urging of the importance of systematic surveys for potash de- posits, cooperation with certain agricultural experiment stations in studies of the availability of phosphoric acid and potash, tests of the effect of seed treatment before planting, and studies of methods of soil treatment in potato culture. Records: In the Na- tional Research Council, CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES AND FABRICS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Created in 1916 as the Dyestuffs Subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, under the chairmanship of J. Merritt Mathews. In October 1917 it became the Dyestuffs and Textiles Subcommittee, and in the war organization of the Council, established in 1918, it became a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, where its name was changed to Chemistry of Textiles and Fabrics Committee. Functions; The Commit- tee cooperated with the War Industries Board and the Bureau of Stand- ards in the preparation of standard specifications for waterproofing fabrics. It also obtained the cooperation of Government agencies in a study of problems connected with dyestuffs and dyed fabrics. Records: In the National Research Council, CHEMISTRY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Sup- plies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisor” Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZA- TION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER, OFFICE OF THE, War Department.—See SIGNAL OF- FICER S OFFICE, CHIEF. CHILD CONSERVATION SECTION, Field Division, Council of National De- fense.—Organized on October 1, 1918, succeeding the Child Welfare Department of the Woman's Committee, Terminated about June 30» 1919, Functions; Indicated by name of agency. Records: Among those of the Council in NA, Included are copies of circulars issued by the Section. CHILD LABOR DIVISION, Children's Bureau, Labor Department.—Organized on May 1, 1917, and probably discontinued shortly after the close of the war, Grace Abbott, Director; Ellen N, Matthews, Acting Di- rector after August 1, 1918. Functions: To enforce the first Child Labor Act; after that act was declared unconstitutional on June 3, 1918, to make investigations and reports; and after July 12, 1918, by resolution of the War Labor Policies Board, to administer, in cooperation with affected agencies, the standard child labor clause required to be part of all war contracts. Records: 1917-18 (2A feet) in the Children's Bureau, CHILD WELFARE COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanita- tion Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— 75 Formed December 8, 1917; ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions: To cooperate with the Children's Bureau of the Labor Department in the plans for its "Children's Year" program, and to study and make recommendations concerning children's problems. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA, CHILD WELFARE DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National De- fense.—Organized about Kay 1917 and terminated on October 1, 1918, when its work was taken over by the newly created Child Conservation Section of the Field Division, Functions: To contribute to national security by promoting work for the protection of children, especial- ly with reference to the enforcement of child labor laws and protec- tion from exploitation, the attendance at school of all children of school age, and recreation. Cooperated with the Children's Bureau and the General Medifcal Board, Records: Among those of the Coun- cil in NA, Included are correspondence of the Executive Chairman, Jessica Peixotto, and circular materials. CHILDREN'S BUREAU, Labor Department.-—Created by act of Congress in 1912 as part of the Department of Commerce and Labor and transferred the following year to the newly created Department of Labor. Julia C, Lathrop, Chief during the period of the war. Functions; To in- vestigate and report on all matters pertaining to child welfare. During the war years, by request of the War labor Policies Board, the Bureau cooperated with other Government agencies in administer- ing a special standard-contract provision governing the employment of children in war industries and investigated conditions of child labor in such industries (see CHILD LABOR DIVISION), In cooperation with the Child Conservation Section of the Field Division and the Child Welfare Committee of the General Medical Board, Council of National Defense, it carried on a campaign for the protection of children, which was designated "The Children's Year," In this cam- paign there was some emphasis on wartime conditions. Records: Those in NA, 1914-24 (84 feet), include general correspondence. Other records (4,500 feet), which include research materials and informational files, have been retained by the Bureau. References: James A. Tobey, The Children's Bureau (Baltimore, 1925); Children's Bureau, Children's Year Leaflet. Nos. 1-13 (Washington, 1918-19). CHILDREN'S RELIEF BUREAU, American Relief Administration.—See AMERI- CAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION EUROPEAN CHILDREN'S FUND. CHLORINE SECTION, ALKALI AND, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—See ALKALI AND CHLORINE SECTION. CITIES STATISTICS DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department,—See STATISTICS OF CITIES DIVISION, CITY MARKET REPORTING SERVICE, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment,—Established on May 1, 1917, on an experimental basis, and enlarged in scope as the City Market Service with funds provided by the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, and a supplementary appropriation of November 21, 1918, Functioned as part of or in close relation with the City Marketing and Distribution Project, Discontinued on June 30, 1919, Functions; To improve distribution, further conservation, and stabilize prices of food by providing farmers in the vicinity of large cities and consumers in such cit- ies with market information particularly suited to their needs, by assisting the Food Administration in the compilation of fair price lists, and by publishing such lists. To attain similar objectives and to conserve labor by fostering improved methods of merchandiz- ing farm products and other goods. Records: 1917-19 (4 feet) in 76 NA, Include correspondence, memoranda, and reports on the work of the project in individual cities, in the files of the City Marketing and Distribution Project, and correspondence of staff members with Bureau authorities, the project head, and outsiders, in the Bureau central correspondence files. CIVIC AND EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION DIVISION, Conmittee on Public Infor- mation,—Organized in May 1917} terminated on December 31, 1918. Cooperated with the National Board for Historical Service, Guy Stanton Ford, Director. Functions 1 Prepared pamphlets on the war (including the Red. White, and Blue Series) for world-wide circula- tion, and issued the semimonthly publication. The National School Service. Records: 1917-19 (15 feet) in NA. Include correspondence; copy for publications of the Committee; pamphlets, chiefly of the Red. White, and Blue Series; and a set of the galley proofs of the • projected revised edition of the War Cyclopedia, a publication in this series. Some correspondence was disposed of as useless papers in 1930. CIVIL ADMINISTRATION DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department,—Probably in existence before the war. Functions: To consider legal questions submitted by the Bureau of Insular Affairs and questions arising under the civil administration of the War De- partment (including those pertaining to river and harbor administra- tion), except those assigned to the Constitutional and International Law Division; and to prepare and argue certain insular cases involv- ing the interests of the Government or of the insular possessions. Records: In the Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department. CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DEVISION, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War De- partment,—Existed by June 21, 1918, Operated through two Groups, A and B. Group A consisted of five Sections: Construction, Plant, and Equipment; Water Supply and Hydraulics; Mining and Quarry; Ca- mouflage, Gas, and Flame; and Design and Test, Group B consisted of six Sections: Prime Movers and Accessories; Machine Tools and Accessories; Logging, Sawmill, and Woodworking; Automotive and Trans- port Machinery; Horse Drawn Transport; and Lubricants, Fuels, and Chemicals. In accordance with Supply Circular No, 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, of October 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Divi- sion, Office of the Director of Purchase, Functions: To handle purchases of the materials indicated by its section titles. Records: Probably among those of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in NA, CIVIL DIVISION, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— See CIVIL WORKS BRANCH. CIVIL ENGINEER AND TRACK-WORK SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construc- tion Division, War Department.—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Trans- ferred with the Branch to the Construction Division on March 13, 1918. Functions; To prepare plans for civil-engineering work and track work at Army camps and cantonments. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department, CIVIL RELIEF SECTION, Insurance Division, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department,—Established under the provisions of article A of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of March 8, 1918, and continued in the Insurance Division, Veterans' Bureau, after 77 the abolition of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance on August 9, 1921. The Section had ceased to exist by July 1, 1924. Functions; To protect private life-insurance policies of persons in the armed serv- ice against lapse because of nonpayment of premiums. This protec- tion was based on the application of the insured and was not to ex- ceed a total of $5,000 face value of one or more policies. The Treasury guaranteed the premiums by the issuance of bonds to the in- surers and was reimbursed by the payment,of the premiums so guaran- teed within 1 year after the insured's discharge from the service or 1 year after March 3, 1921, Records: 1918-24 (122 feet) in NA. Include applications, correspondence, informational insurance data, accounts, registers, administrative files, and indexes. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION,—Established on March 9, 1883, as a permanent commission of three members, pursuant to the Pendleton Civil Service Act of January 16, 1883. Functions: To recruit persons by open com- petitive examinations for positions in the Government civil service, to keep the required service records, and to carry out the provisions of the Civil Service Act, During the war, in order to meet the in- creased demand for civil service employees, the Commission examined approximately one million persons, canvassed the country for avail- able applicants, and cooperated with a number of colleges and tech- nical schools in a training program designed to produce the neces- sary qualified personnel. Records: 1883-1921 (80 feet) in NA, These include press copies of letters sent and minutes of the meet- ings of the Commissioners, The bulk of the records for the war pe- riod have been retained by the Commission, References; Darrell H. Smith, The United States Civil Service Commission (Baltimore. 1928)j Carroll H, Wooddy, The Growth of the Federal Government. 1915-1932. 46-49 (New York, 1934); Civil Service Commission. Annual Reports. 1917-19. CIVIL WORKS BRANCH, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Established prior to the outbreak of the war, and organized into the following Divisions: Accounts and Contracts, Mail and Record, Mis- cellaneous Civil, and River and Harbor, Abolished some time in 1918, and replaced by the Civil Division. Functions; To coordinate the civil activities of the Office, Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. CIVILIAN COOPERATION IN COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES, COMMITTEE FOR, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Originated as the Venereal Disease Subcommittee of the Committee on Ifygiene and Sanitation on April 29, 1917, but soon renamed. Raised to the status of a Commit- tee of the General Medical Board about March I9I8. Ceased function- ing after the armistice. Functions; To study and recommend plans for combating venereal diseases, and to develop public opinion fa- vorable to the social hygiene program. Records; Some are with those of the Council in NA, including correspondence, reports, and other records of the Executive Secretary. CIVILIAN INSIGNIA SERVICE, Labor Department.—See INDUSTRIAL IN SI (311A SERVICE. CIVILIAN MARKSMANSHIP DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, Militia Bureau, War Depart- ment.—Established on December 13, 1916, under provisions of acts approved June 3 and August 29, 1916. Functions; To supervise the activities of civilian marksmanship dubs and to act as a liaison agent between them and the War Department, Records; In the War Department. 78 CIVILIAN RELIEF DEPARTMENT, American National Red Cross War Council. See AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL. CLAIMS, LONDON NAVAL BOARD ON, Navy Department.—See LONDON NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS. CLAIMS, PARIS NAVAL BOARD ON, Navy Department.—See PARIS NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS. CLAIMS AND PAYMENT BRANCH, Cost Review Section, Ship Construction Divi- sion, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency fleet Cor- poration.—See COST REVIEW SECTION. CLAIMS AND PROPERTY PROTECTION SECTION, Law Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Created on September 1, 1918, taking over functions former- ly handled by the Protection of Railroad Property and the Freight Claim Sections of the Law Division, Property protection functions were transferred to the Secret Service and Police Section of the Op- eration Division on January 1, 1919. Probably discontinued March 1, 1920, Functions: To have jurisdiction over property protection and freight and personal injury claims. Records: Among those of the Law Division in NA, CLAIMS BOARD, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Created by Of- fice Order No. 381 of November 2, 1918. Under Office Order No, 400 of November 15, it took over the functions of the "Board To Review Projects for New Facilities Now Authorized or Proposed." On Decem- ber 24, it took over the functions of the Compensation Board. On February 2$, 1919, Subcommittees on the Sale of Buildings and Equip- ment and on the Sale of Materials were created. On July 1, 1920, it became the Ordnance Section of the War Department Claims Board, and existed until the termination of that agency in 1922. Functions: To handle the suspension and cancelation of all contracts for ord- nance facilities or materiel; to handle the settlement of all claims arising thereunder; and to have full jurisdiction over proposed fa- cilities and projects. Records: Those of the Ordnance Section, War Department Claims Board, 1918-21 (16 feet) are in NA, Other records of the Claims Board may be in NA among those of the Office. CLAIMS BOARD, Purchase Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Supply Notice No, 74 on February 19, 1919. It consisted of three members and an advisory salvage officer member, under the chairmanship of the Director of Purchase. The Board came under the review of the War Department Claims Board. On October 23, 1919, in accordance with a memorandum of that date by the Assistant Secretary of War, Benedict Crowell, the Board was transferred to the War Department Claims Board as its Purchase Section, This Section was in December 1920 transferred to the Office of the Quartermaster General. Functions: To review all termination agreements effected by procurement divisions in the Of- fice of the Director of Purchase, by the Office of the Director of Storage, and by zone supply offices. Re cords: Those of the Purchase Section, War Department Claims Board, 1918-20 (18 feet) are in NA. Other records of the Claims Board probably are in NA among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office, CLAIMS BOARD, AIR SERVICE, Air Service Chief's Office, War Department.- See AIR SERVICE CLAIMS BOARD. 79 CLAIMS BOARD, CONSTRUCTION, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See CONSTRUCTION CLAIMS BOARD. CLAIMS BOARD, WAR DEPARTMENT. —See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD, War Department, CLAIMS BRANCH, Settlements Division, Finance Service, War Department.— Created on February 28, 1919. Functions; To examine and prepare claims for property lost, damaged, or destroyed in the military service. Records: In the Finance Chief’s Office, War Department. CLAIMS CCMMISSION, Shipping Board.—Created on August 24, 1921, taking over part of the functions of the Construction Claims Board of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, It was a reviewing board only, the negotiation on claims settlements being handled by the Claims Sec- tion of the Law Division of the Corporation. Discontinued on Decem- ber 31, 1922, and its remaining functions were taken over by the Claims Department (later the Claims Division) of the Corporation. Functions: To adjust, settle, and determine any claim (except claims by foreign governments) pending against the United States or the Shipping Board or Fleet Corporation resulting from the construction of any ship, drydock, wharf, terminal, or housing or transportation facility; and to determine, subject to review by the Shipping Board, the amount of Just compensation to be paid for the cancelation, mod- ification, or suspension of any contract of the Corporation. Records: 1919-22 (67 feet) in NA. Include correspondence relating to the progress of claims adjustment; minutes of meetings; docket files containing examiners' reports, correspondence, briefs, statements of values, accounts, and resolutions of the Claims Commission relative to each construction claim presented for hearing; and exhibits pre- sented to the Claims Commission in the hearings of claims cases. CLAIMS COMMITTEE, ALIEN MILITARY, War Department.—See CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW DIVISION, Judge Advocate General’s Office. CLAIMS COMMITTEE, REQUISITION, Shipping Board.—See REQUISITION CLAIMS COMMITTEE, CLAIMS DIVISION, Justice Department.—See DEFENSE OF SUITS DIVISION, CLAIMS DIVISION, COMPENSATION AND INSURANCE, War Risk Insurance Bu- reau, Treasury Department.—See COMPENSATION AND INSURANCE CLAIMS DIVISION. CLAIMS DIVISION, LIQUIDATION, Railroad Administration,—See LIQUIDA- TION CLAIMS DIVISION. CLAIMS SECTION, Transportation Department, Grain Corporation,—See TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT. CLAIMS SECTION, FOREIGN, War Department Claims Board, War Department,— See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. CLAIMS UNIT, LABOR, Claims Department, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See WAGE REIMBURSEMENT COMMITTEE. CLASSIFICATION BOARD, Settlements Division, Finance Service, War De- partment,—Created on May 6, 1919. Functions: To classify, route, investigate, and settle claims forwarded by the Auditor for the War Department to the War Department Claims Board. Records: In the Finance Chief’s Office, War Department, 80 CLASSIFICATION COMMITTEE, CONSOLIDATED, Traffic Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—See CONSOLIDATED CLASSIFICATION COMMITTEE. CLASSIFICATION DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department,— Shortly after the armistice, the Miscellaneous Section of the Com- missioned Personnel Branch, Operations Division, General Staff, which had carried on the work of the former Committee on Classification of Personnel in the Army, was transferred to The Adjutant General’s Of- fice as the Classification Division, On April 2A, 1919, this Divi- sion was transferred to the Officers Division. Functions: Assisted in the demobilization of the Army and cooperated with representatives of the Employment Service, Labor Department, who were stationed at the demobilization camps. Use was made of information assembled on the soldiers' qualification cards in obtaining employment for them upon their discharge. Records: In The Adjutant General’s Office. CLASSIFICATION DIVISIGN, Post Office Department.—In existence before the war. Functions: During the war it handled the vast increase of matter mailed by the various war agencies under the franking privi- lege; extended the domestic rates of postage and classifications to mail for the American Expeditionary Forces; and distributed magazines to soldiers and sailors at a nominal rate of postage. Records: Some may be among those of the Department in NA. Others remain in the Post Office Department. CLASSIFICATION DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Depart- ment,—Established late in 1918; discontinued by July 15, 1919* Functions; To have jurisdiction over all questions arising under the Selective Service Act that related to classification, reclassi- fication, transfers, the apprehension and disposition of delinquents and deserters, furloughs, the placing of registrants on the "Emer- gency Fleet Classification List," and, in general, questions relating to the status of registrants both before and after induction. Records With those -of the Office in NA, CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONNEL IN THE ARMY, COMMITTEE ON, Adjutant Gener- al's Office, War Department,—A body of civilian experts establish- ed by the Secretary of War on August 5, 1917, and headed by Walter Dill Scott, On September 18, 1918, by General Orders, No. 86, it was transferred to the Miscellaneous Section of the Commissioned Personnel Branch, Operations Division, General Staff, Shortly after the armistice this Section became the Classification Division of The Adjutant General's Office, Functions; To furnish to assigning and appointing agencies of the Array exact information concerning the occupations and abilities of officers and enlisted men. Its activi- ties included the installation in all officers' training camps of a method for making recommendations for commissions; the preparation and installation of new forms for use in selecting applicants for positions in the Signal Corps; cooperation with the Medical Corps in perfecting a system of class!lying recruits according to general intelligence and dexterity; and the submission of plans to The Adju- tant General for classifying the personnel of the Army according to previous experience and training with a view to its most efficient use. It established a trade-testing division at Orange (later at Newark), N. J. Records: 1917-19 (17 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, blank forms, organization charts, trade tests, graphs and statistics, instructions, and printed material. References; Adju- tant General's Office, Classification Division, Personnel System of the United States Army; vol. 1, History of the Personnel System Developed by the Committee on the Classification of Personnel in the 81 Army. and vol, 2, Personnel Manual Developed by the Comnri ttee on the Classification of Personnel In the Army (Washington. 1919). CLASSIFICATION OF SURGEONS SUBCOMMITTEE, Surgery Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commis- sion, Council of National Defense,—Created about the end of October 1917. By the beginning of May 1918, it had completed its work and turned the results over to the Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment, Functions: To classify and codify the professional and per- sonal qualifications of all Medical Reserve Corps officers, and to classify those available for military service. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. CLASSIFICATIONS AND TRANSFER BRANCH, DRAFT, Industrial Relations Divi- sion, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Cor- poration, —See DRAFT CLASSIFICATIONS AND TRAN SEER BRANCH. CLEANING AND PRESERVING MATERIALS SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created in 1917, Became the Clean- ing and Cleaning Fluids Branch, Equipment Section, Procurement Divi- sion, on January 1A, 1918. Functions: To procure material used in cleaning and preserving equipment, such as soaps, oils, and chemicals Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, CLEANING AND PRESSING MATERIAL BRANCH, Inspection Section, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See INSPECTION SECTION. CLEARANCE BRANCH, PRIORITIES AND, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PRIORITIES AND CLEARANCE BRANCH. CLEARANCE COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National De- fense.—See CLEARANCE OFFICE, Requirements Division, War Industries Board, CLEARANCE COMMITTEE, War Industries Board.—See CLEARANCE OFFICE, Re- quirements Division. CLEARANCE DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Organized in March 1918 as part of the Division of Information, Administra- tion, and Clearance, In August it became a separate Division, Af- ter the termination of the war, it was reorganized to meet peacetime conditions, and its name was changed to Division of Operations, Functions; To aid in bringing about the most efficient distribution throughout the country of the available labor supply by reporting on the supply and the demand for labor; by referring requests for labor to the Federal Directors of the Employment Service in the several States; and by arranging the details of transporting workers from one locality to another. Records: Whereabouts unknown. CLEARANCE OFFICE, Requirements Division, War Industries Board.—Orig- inally formed as the Clearance Committee of the General Munitions Board of the Council of National Defense on August 1, 1917. On May 3, 1918, the Committee was reorganized and transferred to the War Industries Board, On July 2A, 1918, it was succeeded by the Clearance Office of the Requirements Division of the Board, Discon- tinued after the armistice. Functions: To record, forward to the proper commodity sections, and follow up requests for clearances on purchases received from purchasing agencies of the Government and 82 the Allies; to handle communications relative to such requests; to keep commodity sections informed of clearances by other sections; and to keep every purchasing agenpy informed of contemplated purchases by other agencies. Records: 1917-18 {U5 feet) in NA. These consist chiefly of correspondence and requests for clearances passed upon by the commodity sections. Other records are probably in the consoli- dated or "commodity" files of the Board, CLEARANCE SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No. 86 of September 5, 1918, and discontinued in November 1918, Functions: To decide in matters of clearances among agencies of the Department; to obtain clearances for the Department from the War Industries Board; and to represent the Department on the Clearance Committee of the Board, Records: Whereabouts unknown. CLEMENCY AND RESTORATION SECTION, Military Justice Division, JuSge Ad- vocate General's Office, War Department,—See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVI- SION. CLEMENCY BOARD, SPECIAL, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See SPECIAL CLEMENCY BOARD. CLERGY BUREAUS, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration.—Establish- ed on January 1, 1919, in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta, Discon- tinued on March 1, 1920, Functions: To issue to ordained and li- censed ministers clergy certificates entitling them to one-half rail- road fare on lines under Federal control. Records; Whereabouts unknown. CLIMATOLOGICAL DEVISION, Weather Bureau, Agriculture Department.—On July 1, 1932, this Division, one of the oldest in the Weather Bureau, was combined with the Agricultural Meteorology Division to form the Climate and Crop Weather Division, Functions; During the war the Division furnished the War Department with climatic data concerning proposed locations for Army camps and supplied the Surgeon General's Office with information relative to studies being made on dietetics, camp sanitation, hygiene, and the like. Records: Among the general files of the Bureau in NA, CLINICAL SECTION, Physical Reconstruction Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION, CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on October 28, 1918* In Novem- ber it was functioning through the following Sections: Clothing, Equipage, Material, Salvage, and Shoes and Leather Goods, Still in existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Func- tions: To supervise the distribution, maintenance, and storage of stocks of clothing and equipage for the Array. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,——Established on November 1, 1918, and in ex- istence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Func- tions : To be responsible for the following classes of supplies in movement to ports of embarkation and for obtaining necessary prior- ities and releases relating thereto: Manufactured goods, knit goods. 83 leather and rubber goods, tents and tent materials, and miscellaneous equipage. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA, CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Supplies Division, Quartermaster Gener- al's Office, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Pur- chase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SECTION, Commodity Branch, CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— Created about December 1, 1918, On June 30, 1919, it was function- ing through the following Sections; Harness and Leather, Woolen and Knit Goods, Shoes and Shoe Supplies, Cotton Goods, apd Medical and Hospital Supplies. The latter had operated as a Branch until May 31, 1919. Functions: To have charge of the disposal of surplus cloth- ing and equipage and, after May 31, 1919, of the disposal of surplus medical and hospital supplies. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Transferred from the Quarter- master General's Office about October 21, 1918. In November 1918 the Division functioned through an Administrative Branch, a Planning Branch, and five procurement Branches as follows: Cotton Goods, Wool Tops and Yam, Woolen "and Knit Goods, Leather and Rubber, and Manu- factured Goods, Still in existence on June 30, 1920, Functions: To have charge of the procurement of woolen and cotton clothing, woolen and cotton textiles, rubber articles, leather findings and trimmings, metallic ornaments, and insignia for the Amy. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Existed prior to the war as the Clothing and Equipage Branch, Supplies Division. On January 18, 1918, by Office Order No, 177, this Branch became the Clothing and Equipage Division, On January 26, by Office Order No, 202, a Supplies and Equipment Divi- sion was formed by uniting the Clothing and Equipage Division with a part of the Supplies Committee of the Council of National Defense, the Quartermaster Purchasing and Manufacturing Offices (formerly the Purchasing Branch of the Philadelphia Depot), and the remainder of the former Supplies Division, On May 18, 1918, by Office Order No, 412, the Supplies and Equipment Division was divided into the fol- lowing three Divisions: Clothing and Equipage, Hardware and Metals, and Vehicles and Harness, In October 1918 the first of these be- came the Clothing and Equipage Division of the Purchase and Storage Director's Office. This Division operated through a number of Branches, including: Cotton Goods; Knit Goods; Leather Materials; Planning; Production and Inspection; Purchasing; Shoes, Leather, and Rubber; and Wool Tops and Yarn, Functions; To procure clothing 84 and equipment for the use of the armed forces. Records: Probably ■with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on May 19, 1919. Functioned through the following Subsections: Domes- tic Distribution; Export Distribution; Replacement; Stock Record; and Surplus Property. Became a Branch on November 6, 1919, and was ele- vated to the status of a Division on May 19, 1920, Functions; To have charge of the distribution and storage of clothing and equipage for the Army and the handling of requisitions for the supply of troops abroad. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SUBSECTION, Quartermaster Stores Section, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See QUARTERMASTER STORES SECTION. CLOTHING RENOVATION BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918, By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 79 of February 24, 1919, it was merged into the Repair Shops Branch, Functions* To direct the renovation and repair of all woolen clothing and hats; the repair of underclothing and cotton clothing for the Amy; and the operation and maintenance of all Government-owned plants engaged in these services. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermas- ter General's Office in NA, CLOTHING REPAIR BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department,—Established on January 26, 1918, as the Clothing Repair Section of the Repair Branch, Reclama- tion Division. On April 16, it became a Branch of the Reclamation Division, and later, on April 22, of the Conservation and Reclama- tion Division, Discontinued on October 28, when its functions were taken over by the Clothing Renovation Branch, Salvage Division, of the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functions: To handle the repair of clothing for the Amy, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, CLOTHING REPAIR SECTION, Repair Shops Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See REPAIR SHOPS BRANCH, CLOTHING SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions; To supply the Navy with such necessary commodities as shoes, suits, blankets, cotton goods, and canvas. Records; Prob- ably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, 85 COAL AND COKE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED COAL AND COKE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE. COAL BRANCH, COASTWISE, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Con- trol Committee, Shipping Board.—See TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DIVI- SION. COAL BUREAU, ANTHRACITE', Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.— See ANTHRACITE COAL BUREAU. COAL BUREAU, BITUMINOUS, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration,— See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. COAL CAR POOL, EASTERN RAILROADS, Operation Division, Railroad Adminis tration,—See EASTERN RAILROADS COAL CAR POOL. COAL COMMISSION, BITUMINOUS.—See BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION COAL COMMISSION, NAVY ALASKAN, Navy Department.—See NAVY ALASKAN COAL COMMISSION, COAL COMMITTEE, DISTRIBUTION OF MILK, ICE, AND, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—See DISTRIBUTION OF MILK, ICE, AND COAL COMMITTEE. COAL EXPORT DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See EXPORT COAL DEPARTMENT. COAL FOR NAVAL PURPOSES SECTION, Mining Division, Mines Bureau, In- terior Department.—See MINING DIVISION, COAL MISSION, American Relief Administration.—Established under the Director General of Relief by the Supreme Economic Council on April 28, 1919. Under the direction of Col, A. C. Goodyear, it maintained headquarters at Paris and at Mahrish-Ostrau in Silesia, Terminated in September 1919. This agency has been referred to by several names, e. g.. Allied Coal Mission, European Coal Commission, and In- terallied Coal Commission, Functions: To endeavor to increase coal production in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire and in Poland, and to distribute coal under the auspices of the Allied Railway Mission for use in the transportation of food supplies there. Records: Those in NA include financial records, 1919 (3 inches). The bulk of the records are in the Hoover library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University, References: American Relief Adminis- tration, Bulletin. No. 8, p. 8 (May 6, 1919), COAL PRODUCTION COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.—Created on April 21, 1917, and consisted of representatives of the coal and coke industries, consumers, transportation agencies, the Geological Survey, the Mines Bureau, and the Labor Department. Cooperated with the Transportation Committee of the Advisory Commission of the Coun- cil in accelerating the movement of coal to points of greatest need. Its activities were curtailed after the appointment of the Fuel Ad- ministrator on August 23, 1917, and it went out of existence on February 25, 1918, Francis S. Peabody, Chairman. Functions: It charted coal resources; assisted in the organization of the Lake and Tidewater Coal Pools; and established tentative maximum prices. Records: Among those of the Council in NA, Included is correspond- ence of the Chairman, 1917-18 (6 inches). References: Fuel Admin- istration, Report of Engineers Committee. 1918-1919. p. 11 (Washing- ton, 1919). 86 COAL TAR BY-PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Comnittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Formed about October 1917 and trans- ferred in November to the Chemical Alliance Inc,, as its Section on By-Products of Coal and Gas, Functions? To handle matters pertain- ing to coal tar byproducts for the Committee. Records: Most of them were transferred to the Chemical Alliance, but some are among the records of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, COAL ZONE PERMIT BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Adi~j.ni strati on.— Organized on April 1, 1918, when the zone distribution plan, under which coal could not be shipped out of the zone in which the produc- ing district was located, was put into effect. Terminated when the zone restrictions were removed. Functions: To supervise and issue permits for necessary out-of-zone movements of coal, chiefly where coals of particular quality were required for certain purposes. Records: Among those of the Statistics Bureau of the Division in NA. COARSE GRAIN DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in October 1918, In December 1918 it took over the work of the Cereal Products Department. Terminated in September 1919. Functions; To handle transactions in rye, com, oats, and barley and, after December 1918, in substitute flours or "cereal products" derived from coarse grains. Records; 1918-19 (44 feet) in NA. Include purchase, shipping, and sales records, correspondence, contracts, vouchers, invoices, jour- nals, and ledgers. Related records pertaining to purchasing policies are in the files of the Secretary and of the Comptroller of the Cor- poration. COARSE GRAINS SECTION, Cereal Division, Food Administration.—Estab- lished in June 1917 as the Grain Department with Julius H, Barnes as Chief. It was successively known as the Grain and Flour Department, the Grain Division, and the Grain and Flour Division. In December 1917 it became the Coarse Grains Division, with J. J. Stream as Chief, and took over functions from the Distribution Division relat- ing to coarse grains and their products. In July 1918 it became a section of the Cereal Division, Functions: Supervised the coarse grain milling industries, including com products manufacturers, syrups and molasses blenders and mixers, maltsters, near beer manu- facturers, feed manufacturers and dealers, and all handlers of coarse grains; standardized the manufacture of coarse grain products and the size of sacks; controlled grain exchanges; and recommended fair prices Records; 1917-19 (221 feet) in NA. Correspondence, minutes of con- ferences, reports, questionnaires, and statistical data. The records of the Cereal Division include a "Historical Sketch of the Work of the Coarse Grains Division," COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, Commerce Department.—In existence before the war. During the period of the war it included the Charts, Ge- odesy, hydrography and Topography, and Terrestrial Magnetism Divi- sions and the Instrument Section, Functions; To make hydrographic and geodetic surveys in the United States, its possessions, and other areas, and to publish charts based on these surveys for the purposes of commerce and defense. Under an act of May 22, 1916, 30 percent of the personnel were transferred to the War and Navy Departments and the energies of the remaining personnel were directed toward assist- ing the military branches of the Government, Records; 1817-1940 (4,000 feet) in NA. Those for the period of the war include records of observations and surveys, incoming correspondence. Journals of survey parties, monthly administrative reports, and printed Survey charts of the coasts, with manuscript revisions. Other records are 87 in the Coast and Geodetic Survey, References: Gustavus A, Weber, The Coast and Geodetic Survey (Baltimore, 1923), COAST ARTILLERY CHIEF'S OFFICE, War Department,—Created by an act of February 2, 1901. Functions: To be responsible for personnel and material of the Coast Artillery Corps and to advise the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of War on coast artillery problems. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Coast Artillery, Ground Forces, War Department. COAST DEFENSE EQUIPMENT SECTION, Electrical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See ELECTRICAL EHVISIGN. COAST GUARD, Treasury Department.—Created from two earlier agencies by an act of January 28, 1915. This act provided that the Coast Guard should opeiate under the Treasury Department in time of peace but as a part of the Navy in wartime or when the President should so direct. Accordingly, by Executive Order No, 2587, April 7, 1917, it was transferred with its entire personnel and office force to the Navy Department. It was returned to the Treasury Department by Exe- cutive Order No. 3160* August 28, 1919. Functions; To assist the Navy in patrol duty, submarine chasing, communication work, convoy- ing, and aviation activities and, when necessary, to take part in actual combat with the enemy. Records: 1830-19A2 (8,A70 feet) in NA, including correspondence and ship and station logs. More than 8,000 feet of records have been retained by the Coast Guard in Wash- ington and an undetermined quantity remains in the field. Refer- ences: Darrell H. Smith and Fred W, Powell, The Coast Guard (Wash- ington, 1929). COASTWISE COAL BRANCH, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Con- trol Committee, Shipping Board.—See TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DIVISION. COASTWISE STEAMSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.—Appointed on April 13 and abolished on September 1, 1918. Its functions Were taken over by the Federal Manager of the Coastwise Steamship Lines [Section], Functions: To administer coastwise steamship lines under Federal control. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193A. COASTWISE STEAMSHIP LINES [SECTION], Operation Division, Railroad Ad- ministration,—Formed September 1, 1918, taking over functions for- merly performed by the Coastwise Steamship Advisory Committee, Head- quarters in New York, Probably terminated with the Division on March 1, 1920, Functions: . To exercise jurisdiction over the opera- tion of certain coastwise steamship lines under Federal control. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934* CODE AND CIPHER SECTION, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Probably established in Feb- ruary 1918 and abolished during the fiscal year ending on June 30» 1920. Functions: To code and decode messages; to prepare new code material, new code books, and cipher systems; and to perform other tasks, as indicated by the titles of its subordinate Bureaus: Short- hand, Secret Ink, Code Instruction, Code Compilation, and Communica- tion. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, COFFEE COMMITTEE ON FREIGHTS AND LICENSES. —Appointed by the War Trade Board on May 29, 1918, Consisted of representatives of the Shipping Board, the War Trade Board, the Food Administration, and the coffee 88 trade, the last without vote. Probably terminated early in 1919. Functions : To hear cases of exception to a rule of the War Trade Board of May 23, 1918, providing that "no coffee shall be imported into the United States which is carried at a rate of freight greater than the rate established by the United States Shipping Board," and to submit its findings, with recommendations, to the Board. (See also SUGAR EQUALIZATION BOARD.) Re cords: Copies of minutes, re- ports of the Committee to the Board, correspondence, and telegrams are among the records of the Food Administration in NA. More com- plete records of the Committee probably are with the records of the War Trade Board in the State Department, References: Labor Statis- tics Bureau, Historical Price Research Section, Control of Coffee in World War I (Sept, 1941. Processed), COFFEE SECTION, Distribution Division, Food Administration.—See COFFEE SECTION, Staple Groceries Division, COFFEE SECTION, Staple Groceries Division, Food Administration.—Organ- ized in February 1918 in the Distribution Division. Transferred in April to the Staple Groceries Division, and returned to the Distribu- tion Division in October, Abolished in January 1919. Functions: To supervise coffee licensees, to fix maximum prices for the sale of fix- tures on the New fork Coffee Exchange, to enforce the "cost-basis" rule, and to prohibit reselling of steamer space at an exorbitant profit. Records: 1917-19 (17 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, questionnaires, license applications, and related papers. COKE BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMI- NOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. COKE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE, INTERALLIED COAL AND.—See INTERALLIED COAL AND COKE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE. COKE SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU, COLD ROLLED AND COLD DRAWN STEEL SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National'Defense,—Organized in June 1917. It was dissolved in November 1917 and its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board, Functions: To supervise produc- tion of the commodities indicated by its name. Records; Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, COLD STORAGE BRANCH, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Pur- chase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, as the Cold Storage Subdivision of the Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office. On May 13, 1919, with the abolition of that Division, it became a Branch of the Operations Control Division (later the Storage Administrative Division) of the Storage Service, About January 26, 1920, it became a Section of the Subsistence Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service. It operated through a Chicago Section and a New York Section. Functions: To have charge of re- frigeration in connection with Array supply activities. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, COLD STORAGE SECTION, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Origi- nated in 1914 as part of the Market Surveys, Methods, and Costs Pro- ject, and functioned in close relation with the Transportation Sec- tion, Its scope was greatly expanded under the Food Production Act 89 of August 10, 1917, from which was derived power (delegated by the Secretary of Agriculture to the Chief of the Bureau on August 17, 1917) to compel cold-storage plant operators to submit reports on holdings and other matters. It was made a separate Section, al- though without formal project status, during the fiscal year 1919, at which time it functioned in close relation with the Food Surveys of the United States Project. It was placed in the Section of Mar- keting Statistics in September 1920, and is now in the Agricultural Statistics Division of the Agricultural Economics Bureau. Func- tions : To enable the Government and the public 10 make plans for increasing food production and conserving food and transportation facilities by collecting and publishing data concerning the reserve supply of some of the more perishable foods. Also to provide the Food Administration and the War Department with special information concerning cold-storage firms, including their space and holdings. Records: 1914-22 (5 inches) in NA. Include a "Report of Storage Space Available on September 1, 1918" and correspondence between staff members and Bureau authorities and the public in the Markets Bureau central correspondence files. Information about the Cold Storage Section is also contained in a Market Surveys, Methods, and Costs Project unpublished report (1918) and a Transportation and Storage Division unpublished report (1919) in the "manuscript files" of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics. COLD STORAGE SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Administration.— Established in July 1917 as a part of the Dairy Products, Cold Stor- age, and Packing House Products Division, and became a Section of the Perishable Foods Division late in 1917. Abolished in February 1919* Functions: To act in an advisory capacity with reference to the problems of cold-storage warehousemen under the license control system, and to formulate rules and regulations for food storage. Records: 1917-19 (27 feet) in NA. Correspondence, monthly reports, and rate sheets of warehousemen. COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in the fall of 1917 as the Chemicals Division to deal primarily with ammonia and arsenic. In January 1918 functions relating to sisal and binder twine were added, and it was merged with the Miscellane- ous Commodities Division to form the Chemicals, Sisal, and Jute Di- vision, In April its functions were extended to include glycerine and ice, and its name was changed to Collateral Commodities Divi- sion. On October 14, 1918, the Cottonseed and Garbage Utilization Divisions were transferred to it. No formal Sections were set up until June 1918, Thereafter it came to include the following Sec- tions: Ammonia and Ice, Arsenic, Cottonseed Industry, Fats and Oils, Garbage Utilization, and Sisal and Textile Food Containers, Abolished in June 1919. Functions: To direct the conservation and distribution of commodities that were neither foods nor feeds but that were used in their preservation or protection. Records; 1917- 19 (108 feet) in NA, Correspondence, replies to questionnaires, and copies of minutes of the Interdepartmental Committee on Ammonia Control. COLLEGES DIVISION, SCHOOLS AND, Food Adnini strati on.—See SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES DIVISION. COLLEGIATE SECTION, Home Conservation Division, Food Administration,— See SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES DIVISION. 90 COLLOIDS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See CHEMISTRY OF COLLOIDS COM- MITTEE. COLOR LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department,—Establish- ed in 1916, although color work had been carried on in various lab- oratories of the Bureau since 1900, Functions: By the appropriation act of August 11, 1916, as the import of foreign dyes had been cut off. Congress authorized "investigation and experiment in the utili- zation for coloring purposes of raw materials grown or produced in the United States," In addition to these activities, the Laboratory investigated the absorption of various gases by charcoal in connec- tion with gas warfare; studied problems connected with chemical phases of airplane production in cooperation with the Science and Research Division of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, War De- partment; and prepared certain dyes important to the study of cer- tain physiological problems connected with the determination of blood volume. Records: 1917-18 in NA. Correspondence, publications, patent specdfications, and miscellaneous and special files (10 feet). Other records include reports*and correspondence on indigenous ma- terials for dyestuffs and on the use of charcoal for gas warfare in the special files of the Bureau and correspondence interfiled with other records in the general files of the Bureau, COMBAT INTELLIGENCE INSTRUCTION SECTION, Positive Branch, Military In- telligence Division, General Staff, War Department,—Probably estab- lished in June 1918, and abolished upon the demobilization of the combat divisions in the United States, Functions: In cooperation with the Training Branch of the War Plans Division of the General Staff, to coordinate the instruction of field intelligence officers on duty with combat divisions in the United States with similar in- struction given in France, Records: In the General Staff, War De- partment, COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Labora tories Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department,—See VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL SECTION. COMPORT AND WELFARE COMMITTEE, War Industries Board,—Formed on Octo- ber 8 and discontinued on November 30* 1918. Functions: To look after the comfort and welfare of the workers of the War Industries Board, especially those affected by the epidemic of Spanish influen- za. Records; Probably among those of the Board in NA. COMMANDEERING, NAVY BOARD FOR, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy De- partment.—See NAVY BOARD FOR COMMANDEERING, COMMANDEERING SECTION, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply- Circular No. 86 of September 5, 1918. Ceased to function on March 1, 1919, Functions: To supervise and direct commandeering and the execution of compulsory orders, and to keep records of commandeering. Records: Whereabouts unknown. COMMERCE BUREAU, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC, Commerce Department.—See FOR- EIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE BUREAU. COMMERCE COMMISSION, INTERSTATE.—See INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. 91 COMMERCE DEPARTMENT,—Established as the Department of Commerce and Labor in 1903, and became the Department of Commerce in 1913* William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce 1913-19, Functions: To foster, promote, and develop the foreign and domestic commerce, the mining, manufacturing, shipping, and fishing industries, and the transportation facilities of the United States, Many important -war- related functions were carried on by its subordinate agencies in co- operation -with nearly every governmental war organization. Records: 1789-19A1 (22,300 feet) in NA. Of these, only a relatively small quantity is for the World War period. They include records of the Coast and Goedetic Survey, of the Bureaus of Fisheries, Lighthouses, and Navigation, of the Steamboat Inspection Service, and of three temporary units that functioned during the first half of 1919, the Industrial Board, the Industrial Cooperation Service, and the Waste Reclamation Service, Other records, including those of the Census, Foreign and Domestic Commerce, and Standards Bureaus, are in the custody of the various bureaus or their successors. References; Commerce Department, Reports. 1917-21, COMMERCIAL AGENTS DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Commerce Department.—Organized in 1916, Succeeded in 1919 by the Foreign Investigations Division, which became part of the Foreign Service Division in 1920, Functions; To undertake special economic Investigations at home and in foreign countries and to prepare eco- nomic reports. During the war it cooperated with war agencies at home and abroad. For example, it reported the status of foreign con- cerns and made investigations concerning sources of supplies of min- erals and other materials essential to war industries in connection with the enforcement of the Trading With the Enemy Act. Records: In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. COMMERCIAL ATTACHES DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Commerce Department.—Organized in 1916j succeeded by the Foreign Service Division in 1920, Functions; To investigate and report upon foreign manufacturing and trade conditions of interest to the Uhited States and to supervise the work of the trade commissioners. During the war it cooperated with governmental war organizations abroad. Records: In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, COMMERCIAL BAKING DIVISION, Food Administration.—See BAKING DIVISION. COMMERCIAL CONSERVATION AND SPECIALTY MANUFACTURERS' SECTION, Staple Groceries Division, Food Administration.—Organized in November 1917 in the Distribution Division; transferred to the Staple Groceries Division in April 1918 and returned to the Distribution Division in October. Abolished in November 1918. Functions: To cooperate with the American Specialty Manufacturers1 Association in standardizing packages and in bringing about the use of substitutes for tin con- tainers; also to improve packaging of shipments. Records; 1917-19 (8 feet) in NA. Correspondence and related papers. COMMERCIAL ECONOMY BOARD, Council of National Defense,—Established by the Council on March 2U, 1917, and terminated on May 9, 1918, when its functions were transferred to the Conservation Division, War Industries Board, The Chairman, Arch W. Shaw, became the Chair- man of the new Division. Functions; To bring about through the voluntary cooperation of businessmen the conservation of food and materials and the elimination of waste, particularly in the field of distribution. Concerned especially with delivery service, returns 92 of unsold bread, wool, clothing, leather, paint and varnish, auto- mobile tires, and tin. Records: 1917-18 in NA, Most of them are dispersed in the "consolidated files" of the Council and the War Industries Board. COMMERCIAL MOTION PICTURE SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. COMMERCIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, Food Administration.--See MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES DIVISION. COMMERCIAL SERVl’CE SECTION, Special Service Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—A permanent organization of the Office. During the war, it was placed successively under various divisions of the Office, including a period when it was part of the Electrical Engineering Section, Engineering and Research Division. On September 7, 1918, it was placed under the Special Service Divi- sion, Functions: To construct, maintain, and operate the Washington and Alaskh Telegraph and Cable System; to supervise leased telephone and telegraph lines for Government service; and to supervise tele- phone and telegraph service in cantonments. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, COMMERCIAL TREATIES ADVISER, OFFICE OF, State Department.--See FOREIGN TRADE ADVISER'S OFFICE. COMMISSAR! BRANCH, Operating Division, Housing Corporation.—See OPERATING DIVISION. CCMMISSARY SUPPLIES BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM.—A private organization created on October 22, 1914, in London under the chairmanship of Herbert Hoover. Supported during the early years by charitable contributions and loans to Belgium from Great Britain and France. After the United States entered the war, the United States Treasury helped finance the work of the Commission through loans to the Belgian Government, With the entrance of the United States into the war, it became necessary to delegate the distribution of food in Belgium and north- ern France to a neutral Spanish-Dutch committee. After the armistice the need of relief in this area was eclipsed by the need in eastern and southern Europe, and the American Relief Administration, staffed partly with personnel from the Commission for Relief in Belgium, was established to meet it. The Commission was liquidated in 1919. Functions: To import sufficient food into Belgium and northern France to provide a living ration for the civilian population of nearly 10,000,000 during the German occupation. Records: In the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace (876 feet). Related records are among the records of the Grain Corporation in NA, par- ticularly among those of the Belgian Department. References; Com- mission for Relief in Belgium, Annual Reports. 1916-19, Statistical Review of Relief Operations ([Stanford University, 1925]), and Public Relations of the Commission for Relief in Belgium; Documents (Stanford University, 1929); Nina Almond and Harold H, Fisher, Spe- cial Collections in the Hoover Library on War. Revolution, and Peace. 16-19 (Stanford University, 1940), 93 COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM DIVISION, Grain Corporation.—See BELGIAN DEPARTMENT. COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE.—See AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE. COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL BRANCH, Operations Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on September 18, 1918. Functioned through the Promotions and Assignment Section and the Procurement Section, Functions: To control the appointment, premotion, transfer, and assignment of the commissioned personnel of all branches of the Army. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL SECTION, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—In April 1917 there existed a Personnel Di- vision directly under the Ordnance Chief's Office, which handled matters pertaining to commissioned personnel, enlisted personnel, and civilian personnel for the Ordnance Department. On November 7, 1917, the Commissioned Personnel Division was created by Office Order No. 74 and took over this work. *0n January 14, 1918, this Division was transferred to the General Administration Bureau as the Commissioned Personnel Branch of its Personnel Section, and it later became a Sec- tion of the Administration Division. It included the following Branches: Application and Examination, Appointment and Assignment, Foreign Assignment, Military History and Statistics, Miscellaneous, Correspondence, and Order and Change of Station. On November 1, 1918, its functions were taken over by the Personnel Branch of the Operations Division of the General Staff. Functions; To handle matters relating to recruiting, examining, and assigning the com- missioned personnel of the Ordnance Department; to supervise and con- trol the work of the commissioned personnel branches in the various divisions of the Ordnance Chief's Office; and to handle all matters relating to transportation, leave, and expenses of commissioned per- sonnel. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL SECTION, Personnel Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established be- fore the end of 1917. Upon the formation of the Troop Division early in 1919, this Section became a part of its Commissioned Per- sonnel Section, Functions; To handle all matters relating to com- missioned personnel. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL SECTION, Personnel Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—A permanent unit of the Division. Func- tions ; To handle all matters relating to commissioned personnel of the Medical Department, including administrative control of their appointment, promotion, and assignment to stations. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. CCMMITTEE OF FIVE, National Marine Conference, Shipping Board.—A standing Committee appointed by the Conference on April 30, 1918. Consisted of representatives of shipowners, employees, the Shipping Board, and the Labor Department. Held periodic meetings for about 3 months. Functions; To study problems connected with the supply and living conditions of seamen, and to submit reports and recommenda- tions to the President and to the Shipping Board and other interested agencies. Records; May-July 1918 (1 inch, with the files of the Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division) in NA. Include copies of reports made by the Committee. 94 COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC IN FORMATION.—Created by Executive Order No. 2594 of April 13, 1917, with George Creel as Chairman and the Secretaries of State, War, and the Navy as ex officio members. It at first con- fined its efforts to the United States but later embarked upon a program to publicize America abroad. Until July 1, 1918, it was financed from the special defense appropriation placed at the dis- posal of the President, but after that date Congress provided it with an appropriation of only #1,250,000, which necessitated some curtailment of its activities. The Committee ceased to function on June 30, 1919, and by Executive Order No. 3154 of August 21, 1919, the Council of National Defense was made its liquidating agent. Often referred to as "Com. Pub," Functions: To release news of the Govern- ment; to issue educational information that would sustain morale in the United States and in Allied and neutral countries; and to adminis- ter the voluntary censorship. Records: 1917-19 (230 feet) in NA. Include files of offices abroad as well as of divisions in Washington and New York. Among these records are correspondence, reports, news releases and bulletins, publications and copy therefor, card records of speakers and of advertising space contributions, newspaper clip- pings, and accounting records. Transfers of records to other agen- cies and disposals of useless papers have resulted in a reduction of the records to less than one-fourth of the volume that the Council of National Defense reported to be in its custody in 1920 (Council of National Defense, "A Report [to the Senate] Concerning Papers, Files, Records, Public Property, Assets and Liabilities, etc. of the Committee on Public Information," June 9, 1920, manuscript in the files of the Committee). References; Committee on Public Informa- tion, Complete Report of the Chairman 1917: 1918: 1919 (Washington, 1920); George Creel. How We Advertised America (New York [1920]); James R. Mock and Cedric Larson, Words That Won the War (Princeton, 1939); William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After. 33-39 (New York, 1919); National Archives, Classification Scheme [of the] Records of the Committee on Public Information. 1917- 1919 (l938. Processed). COMMODITIES DEPARTMENT, MISCELLANEOUS, Grain Corporation.--See MISCEL- LANEOUS COMMODITIES DEPARTMENT. COMMODITIES DIVISION, COLLATERAL, Food Administration.--See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. COMMODITIES DIVISION, MISCELLANEOUS, Food Administration.—See MISCEL- LANEOUS COMMODITIES DIVISION. COMMODITIES REQUIREMENTS BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Divi- sion, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIREMENTS AMD REQUISITIONS DIVISION. COMMODITIES STATISTICS SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board.—Formed on July 1 and discontinued about December 31, 1918. Functions: To assist the commodity sections of the War Industries Board in obtaining statistics regarding commodities (ex- cept those relating to prices), and to act as a clearinghouse for statistics obtained from the various sections and from other sources. After the armistice it worked on three projects: (1) A study of wartime prices (in cooperation with the Price Section), which was transferred to the War Trade Board on December yi, 1918; (2) a spe- cial report for the Peace Conference, which was completed December 95 20, 1918; and (3) a study of the labor situation. In connection with the study of labor conditions, the Section, in cooperation with the Department of Labor, began to issue weekly reports on labor condi- tions, and in November it helped to establish the Industrial Condi- tions Section to carry on this work. Records: Among those of the Board in NA* COMMODITY BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about May 19, 1919, and probably abolished in the divisional reorganization of November 6, 1919. Functions: To have charge of the distribution and storage of the commodities under its jurisdiction, which are indicated by the names of its Sections, as follows: Clothing and Equipage; Engineer Sup- plies; General Supplies and Raw Materials; Medical, Dental, and Vet- erinary Supplies; Motors and Vehicles; Ordnance Supplies; Priority Equipment; Signal Supplies; and Subsistence, Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office dn NA, COMMODITY SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No. 86, of September 5, 1918, and disbanded in No- vember 1918. Functions: To supervise, coordinate, and direct the activities of Array commodity committees and of Army representatives in commodity sections of the War Industries Board. Records; Wherea- bouts unknown. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—See INFECTIOUS DISEASES SECTION, Infectious , Diseases and Laboratories Division. COMMUNICATION COMMITTEE, TRANSPORTATION AND, Advisory Commission, Coun- cil of National Defense.—See TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION COM- MITTEE. COMMUNICATION DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.— Originated in 1912 as the Naval Radio Service of the Bureau of Navi- gation, and was attached on May 11, 1915, to the newly created Of- fice of the Chief of Naval Operations. By General Order No. 226 of July 28, 1916, it was renamed the Naval Communication Service, and after 1919 it was known as the Communication Division. Superintend- ents of Atlantic Coast Communications and Pacific Coast Communica- tions and District Communication Superintendents were assigned to the various naval districts in 1916. Early in 1917 the office of the Director was transferred from Arlington, Va., to Washington. Func- tions ; The Naval Radio Service was established to provide a central administration of the naval radio stations that had been erected throughout the country. After the issuance of the President's neu- trality proclamation of August 5, 1914, it was also concerned with the censorship of radio stations. The Naval Conmunication Service took over, in addition, the work of handling all telegraph, tele- phone, and cable communications and all other matters pertaining to naval communications. The Director of Naval Communi cations was ap- pointed Chief Cable Censor on April 30, 1917, and as such he cen- sored all cablegrams transmitted over cables touching territory of the United States (except the Philippine Islands) and the Republic of Panama; trans-Atlantic cables; and the War Department cable to Alaska. Records; 1912-28 (4I3 feet) in NA. Correspondence and other records, including files of the Atlantic Coast Communications Superintendent, 1919-22, and general orders and circulars of the 96 Chief Cable Censor, 1918-19. References: Naval Radio Service, Annual Report. 1912-13, p. 3; Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1916, p. 89, 143-156; 1918, p. 23; W. H. G. Bullard, "The Naval Radio Serv- ice, Its Development, Public Service and Commercial Work," in Insti- tute of Radio Engineers, Proceedings. vol. 3 (Mar, 1915); James R. Mock, Censorship. 1917. p. 79, 80, 92 (Princeton [1941]). COMMUNICATIONS BRANCH, Administrative Division, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department.—Created on June 12 and abolished on October 28, 1918. Functions: To receive and transmit all telegraphic and cable dispatches to and from the Office. Records: Among those of the Office in NA. COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE, WIRELESS AND, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. COMMUNICATIONS INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE.—See INTERDEPARTMENTAL COM- MITTEE ON COMMUNICATIONS. COMMUNICATIONS SECTION, Supreme Economic Council.—See SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL. COMMUNITIES, CQNJERENCE OF JEDERAL AGENCIES SERVING.—See CONFERENCE OF FEDERAL AGENCIES SERVING COMMUNITIES. COMMUNITY FACILITIES BRANCH, Operating Division, Housing Corporation,— See OPERATING DIVISION. COMMUNITY iTORK BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.——Created as the Community Organization Branch in December 1917; transferred with the Section to the Control Bureau on January 14, 1918, and to the Production Division on May 25, 1918, Renamed the Community Work Branch about August 1, 1918. Functions; To direct social welfare work in com- munities where large ordnance industrial housing projects were under- taken, and to make provision for adequate school, church, and recrea- tion facilities. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, COMPENSATION, OCEAN ADVISOR? COMMITTEE ON JUST, Shipping Board.—See OCEAN ADVISOR? COMMITTEE ON JUST COMPENSATION. COMPENSATION AND CONTRACTS COMMITTEE, Law Division, Railroad Adminis- tration,—Appointed July 15, 1918, Composed of two representatives from the Law Division and one each from the Operation Division and the Public Service and Accounting Division. Probably abolished early in 1920. Functions; To make recommendations on petitions for special compensation from roads under Federal control and from short lines desiring to be under Federal control. Records; Whereabouts unknown. COMPENSATION AND INSURANCE CLAIMS DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—Designated "Compensation and Claims Division" in the "Organisation Chart and Organization Memoranda" dated August 20, 1918; although insurance claims were under its jurisdiction, the word "Insurance" was not included in its name until 1920, It was under the direction of a Deputy Commissioner of Military and Naval insurance responsible to the Director of the Bureau. Terminated on August 9, 1921. Functions; To receive both death and disability claims for compensation and insurance, to obtain the necessary proofs* and to make awards thereon. Records; In Veterans' Administration, 97 CCMPBIISATION BOARD, Interstate Commerce Commission.—Organized on April 6, 1918, with five members. Its work was completed on September 5, 1918. Functions: To assist a committee of four Interstate Commerce Commissiohers in their work as members of a general conference com- mittee (with officials of the Railroad Administration) in drafting a standard contract for the compensation of railroads taken over by the Government. Records: Whereabouts unknown. COMPENSATION BOARD, Navy Department.—Created on March 22, 1917, by order of the Secretary of the Navy. Composed of several members, with Admiral Washington L. Capps as Senior Member and with the Chiefs of the Bureaus of Construction and Repair and of Steam Engineering as ex officio members. The Board consisted of a Washington office, which was made up of an Audit Section, a Clerical Section, a Material Order Section, and a Special Rentals and Plant Extension Section, each under the general supervision of a member of the Board, and of a field force of Cost Inspection Boards, which acted as representa- tives of the Compensation Board at private shipyards operating under cost-plus-profit contracts. Functions: To ascertain the actual costs of vessels being constructed or to be constructed under contract with the Navy Department on a cost-plus-profit basis, and to arrange for the financing by the Government of additional plant facilities. Rec- ords; (415 feet) in NA. Consist of records of the Washington office (360 feet), including general correspondence, circular instructions to Cost Inspection Boards, correspondence and copies of purchase orders relating to material for vessels and improvements to plants, and kccounting records showing costs of material, labor, and over- head; and records of the Cost Inspection Board of the Todd Dry Dock and Construction Corporation, Tacoma, Washington (55 feet), includ- ing correspondence, copies of material orders, vouchers, bills of lading, audit working papers, balance of stores ledgers, piece-work time slips, minutes of the Cost Inspection Board, labor cost sum- maries inventories of material and equipment, and various accounting records. The records of the other Cost Inspection Boards have been destroyed. References; Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1917, p. 28-34; 1918, p. 672-690. COMPENSATION BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created on July 24, 1917, by Office Order No. 25. Its functions and organi- zation were amended by Office Order No. 53 of September 21 and by Office Order No. 144 of February 20, 1918, On December 24, 1918, its functions were taken over by the Claims Board, Functions; To consider and decide questions that might arise under the rifle and ammunition contracts entered into by the Small Arms Division with manufacturers. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. COMPENSATION COMMISSION, EMPLOYEES' .—See EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION COM- MISSION. COMPLAINT AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS SECTION, Estimates and Requirements Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Originated on January 14, 1918, as the Complaints and External Relations Sections of the Control Bureau, established by Office Order No. 104. When the Bureau was discontinued on May 25, 1918, these two Sections were consolidated to form the Complaint and External Relations Section of the Estimates and Requirements Division. Functions; To handle complaints and disputes arising between manfacturers and the Ordnance Department, except disputes involving labor conditions; to obtain fiee entry into the United States of goods purchased’ by the Ordnance Department and to handle questions of export licenses for ordnance 98 materials and of export regulations of foreign comtries; and to maintain liaison -with the Capital Issues Committee and the War Finance Corporation in questions concerning ordnance production. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CdiPLAINT SECTION, Enforcement Division, Food Administration.—Created in the .Distribution Division in 1917 and transferred to the Enforce- ment Division in April 1918. Discontinued in June 1920. Functions: To handle complaints concerning practices of wholesale and retail food merchants and to refer them, if the situation demanded it, to the Field Supervision Section of the Division for investigation. Records: 1917-20 (29 feet) in NA, Correspondence and reports of Secret Service operatives on violations of food regulations. CCMPONENT MATERIALS BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department,--See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, Treasury Department.—Created by an act of February 25, I863. Functions; To supervise the organization and operation of national banks; to supervise the preparation* issue, and redemption of bank notes; to maintain a system of adequate bank examinations; and to enforce the national bank laws. During the war the large expansion in currency and the closer relations of banks to the Government increased the importance of the supervisory activities of the Comptroller, Records: Those in NA include correspondence, reports, journals, ledgers, and registers, 1863-194-0 (8,800 feet). A large quantity of records for the same period remain in the Trea- sury Department. References; John G. Heinberg, The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (Baltimore, 1926), COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY, Treasury Department.—An organization that bore this title from 1894 until it was abolished in 1921 simultane- ously with the creation of the General Accounting Office. Functions; To prescribe the form of keeping and rendering all public accounts except those relating to postal revenues and the expenditures there- from; to revise accounts upon appeal from settlements made by the Auditors; and to countersign all warrants authorized by law to be signed by the Secretary of the Treasury. During the war the response bilities and activities of this office were increased by the volume and character of wartime expenditures. Records; In the General Accounting Office. References; Lloyd M. Short, The Development of National Administrative Organization in the United States. 279 (Baltimore, 1923), COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY ( OVERSEAS), ASSISTANT, Treasury Depart- ment.—Authorized by an act of September 24, 1917, to terminate 6 months after the close of the war or earlier. Maintained offices in Paris, as did the Assistant Auditor for the War Department, who performed related functions. Functions; To perform abroad the same duties as were performed by the Comptroller of the Treasury in Washington with reference to the supervision and revision of the accounts of the military establishment. Records; In the General Accounting Office. CONCILIATION BOARD, MEDIATION AND.—See MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION BOARD. 99 CONCILIATION DIVISION, Labor Department.—Created by the act that es- tablished the Department, March A, 1913, as a service under the Sec- retary of Labor, and known as the Division of Conciliation by 1917. It functioned as the Labor Adjustment Service from July 1918 until after the war, when it again became the Conciliation Division. Func- tions: To mediate (but not to arbitrate) ,in labor disputes when in the judgment of the Secretary of Labor the interests of industrial peace demanded such mediation. The Division usually took action only upon the solicitation of employers, employees, or representa- tives of the public directly affected. Records; In the Labor De- partment among those of the present Conciliation Service (1917-20, about 100 feet). Some may also be among the classified general files of the administrative offices of the Department. Certain rec- ords of the Speakers Bureau were authorized for disposition by Con- gress on May 7, 1928. References: Joshua Bernhardt, The Division of Conciliation (Baltimore, 1923), CONCILIATION JOINT BOARD, Shipping Board.—See JOINT BOARD OF CONCILIA- TION. CONCILIATION SUBCOMMITTEE, MEDIATION AND, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See MEDIATION AND CONCILIA- TION SUBCOMMITTEE. CONCRETE SHIP CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT, Wood Ship Construction Division Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See CONCRETE SHIP SECTION, Ship Construction Division, CONCRETE SHIP SECTION, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated in the Concrete Ship Construction Department, which was established in December 1917 to take over the experimental work on concrete ship- building that had been performed for the Corporation by the Standards Bureau. The Department was first a part of the Wood Ship Construc- tion Division and later, after June 18, 1918, a part of the Steel Ship Construction Division. Established as a Section within the Ship Construction Division when the latter was created on January 16, 1919. Abolished in April 1920. Functions: To conduct experi- ments with concrete as a possible shipbuilding material and, after May 1918, to supervise the technical aspects of the construction of concrete vessels. The Section cooperated with the Concrete Yard Construction Section, Shipyard Plants Division, Records: 1917-20 (116 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence, memoranda, re- ports, and notes relating to the construction of concrete ships and barges. There are also reports on experiments with concrete as a shipbuilding material, on experimental aggregates, and on tests conducted in connection with the launching of concrete ships. CONCRETE YARD CONSTRUCTION SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Eleet Corporation,— Formally established on October 14, 1918, although work relating to the construction of concrete shipyards had been performed in the Di- vision by a separate staff since about July 10, 1918. The Section , was abolished on January 29, 1919, and its functions were then transferred to the Shipyard Plants Construction Section. Functions: To inspect and approve sites and to approve the design and super- vise the construction of shipyards for the construction of concrete vessels. Most of this work was done in cooperation with the Con- crete Ship Section, Ship Construction Division, which maintained 100 dose supervision over all concrete yard matters. Records: Inter- filed with those of the Division in NA, CONDITIONS OF LIVING COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Authorized by the War Labor Poli- cies Board on June 1A, 1918, and probably discontinued in September of that year. Functions: To supervise matters dealing with com- munity service and housing in industrial centers. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. Indude minutes of meetings and reports of the Committee. CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF FIVE, Shipping Board.—See COMMITTEE OF FIVE National Marine Conference. CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL LABOR ADJUSTMENT AGENCIES.—Created by resolution , 1918, in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department. Abolished March 1$, 1919. Functions: To keep records of all questionnaires sent to contractors before they were invited to bid on housing projects; prepare contract forms; and approve subcontracts. Records; 1918-19 (12 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, building specifications, and questionnaires. CONTRACT BRANCH, Reclamation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See CONTRACT AND PURCHASING BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, CONTRACT BRANCH, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster Gener- al's Office, War Department.—See CONTRACT SECTION, Administrative Branch, Clothing and Equipage Division. CONTRACT BUREAU, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CON- TRACT DEPARTMENT, Operations Division. CONTRACT DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Organized in February 1918 and abolished in Janu- ary 1920, when the Contract Bureau was established. Functions: To maintain a record of all contractual obligations of the Division re- lating to the operation of ships, and to obtain documents and data needed by the General Comptroller in order to initiate settlement of vessels' accounts. When the Tank Steamer Department was abolished in April 1919, its activities were transferred to the Contract De- partment, The functions of the Department were further increased in October 1919, when it was given responsibility for the sale and delivery of vessels to purchasers, and in November 1919, when it was charged with the supervision of surety bonds submitted by manag- ing agents. Records: 1918-25 (combined with those of the Contract Bureau, total 200 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, memoranda, and forms. CONTRACT DIVISION, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department.— In existence prior to the war. It was abolished about 1930, and its duties were taken over by the newly created Design and Construction Division. Functions; In charge of matters pertaining to the prepa- ration of contracts for the building of vessels and for such other work and materials as fell within the cognizance of the Bureau; of financial matters concerning contracts; and of the relations of the 110 Bureau with the Compensation Board. Records: Correspondence and other records for the World War period are among the general files of the Bureau in NA. References: John F. Crowell, Government War Contracts, chs. 11-15 (New York, 1920), CONTRACT DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—First operated as a Committee, and after August 20, 1917, as a Division. It was abolished on May 1, 1919, and its functions were taken over by an "Assistant in Charge of Contracts," whose position was abolished on October Jl, 1919. His functions were transferred to the Legal Division. Functions; To negotiate and award contracts for the construction of ships, shipyards, dry- docks, and marine railways. Records: In the Maritime Commission. Copies of contracts negotiated by the Division are in the general files of the Construction Organization in NA, CONTRACT EXAMINING AND RECORDS BRANCH, Settlements Division, Finance Service, War Department.—Created on February 28, 1919. Functions: To examine contracts and bonds to determine their correctness in conformity with laws, regulations, and War Department rulings. Rec- ords; In the Finance Chief's Office, War Department. CONTRACT REVIEW, SUPERIOR BOARD OF, Purchase and Supply Branch, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— See SUPERIOR BOARD OF CONTRACT REVIEW.. CONTRACT SECTION, Administrative Branch, Clothing and Equipage Divi- sion, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Formed on January 26, 191G, as part of the Supplies and Equipment Division. Placed under the Clothing and Equipage Division on May 18, 1918, and became the Contract Section of the Administrative Branch on June 14, Functioned through the following Subsections; Labor Standards, Credits and Finance, Contracting, and Office Service. Transferred with its superior agency to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage in October 1918. Functions; To prepare all contracts cover- ing purchases and to pass on credits of contractors. Records; Proba- bly among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, CONTRACT SECTION, Administrative Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established about January 1, 1919, and discontinued about June 9, 1919. Functioned through two Subsections; Legal and Con- tract, Functions; To prepare all sales orders and contracts and to handle all legal matters for the Division, Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, CONTRACT SECTION, Contracts Branch, Construction Division, War Depart- ment.—Probably established on May 24, 1917, as a part of the Can- tonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred to the Construction Division probably upon its establishment on March 13, 1918. Functions; To exercise general supervision over all con- tracts and leases pertaining to the work of the Division, Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. CONTRACT SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created in 1917. Transferred to the Equipment Section of the Procurement Division probably on January 14-, 1918. Functions: To prepare contract forms, to pass upon all contracts entered into by the Division, and to enforce all such contracts. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. Ill CONTRACT SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established during the latter part of 1917 as the Legal Section. About the middle of 1918 it became the Contract Section. Functions: To draw up and advise upon contracts to be entered into by the Division, Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CONTRACT SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established as the Legal Section, Procurement Division, on January 15, 1918, by a virtual consolidation of the legal sections or branches of the various purchasing or procuring divisions of the Office. The name was changed to Contract Section In March 1918. Consisted of the following Branches: Administration, Advisory Coun- cil, Amendment and Cancellation, Examining, Form Contract, Formal Contract, Patents, Procurement Order, and Requisition. Functions: To handle all legal matters in connection with the work of the Divi- sion, including the preparation of all procurement orders and formal contracts in accordance with the terms and conditions arranged by the negotiating agencies of the Division, and in conformity with all laws and orders applicable thereto; to be completely responsible for the legal aspects of the Division's work; to keep the Division advised as to all impending or actual changes in any laws or orders affect- ing the negotiation of orders; and to be responsible for the legal aspect of all alterations, cancelations, or extensions of procure- ment orders or formal contracts. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CONTRACT SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established in April 1917 to meet the increased business resulting from the war. Functions: In charge of the prepa- ration and distribution of contracts and the maintenance of records. The Section cooperated with the various procurement bureaus and sec- tions in matters relating to contracts. Records; Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. CONTRACT SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established about ({Ianuary 25, 1919, as the Legal Section. Its name was changed to Contract Sec- tion on March 6, 1919. In existence on June 1920. Functions: To compile information pertaining to the drafting of contracts cover- ing sales by the Director of Sales; to review sales contracts negoti- ated by the Director of Sales and by various Department bureaus; to supervise the execution of sales contracts; and to render legal ad- vice in connection with sales. Records; Whereabouts unknown. CONTRACT SECTION, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in the summer of 1917. Transferred on January 22, 1918, to the Procurement Division, It again became a part of the Small Arms Division upon the reestablishment of that • Division by Office Order No. 495, effective February 1, 1919. Func- tions ; To handle the drafting of contracts for small arms and small- arms ammunition; to advise the Division in all legal matters and matters pertaining to the interpretation of Army regulations, gener- al orders, and orders of the Chief of Ordnance; to advise with ref- erence to the legality of proposed transactions and forms of con- tracts; to serve as the channel of communication between the Divi- sion and the Judge Advocate General in all matters requiring his opinion or approval; and to prepare specifications, lists of draw- ings, and instructions to bidders required for negotiating contracts Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. 112 CONTRACTS, SURVEYOR OF, War Department.--See SURVEYOR OF CONTRACTS. CONTRACTS BOARD, GENERAL CANCELLATIONS, CLAIMS, AND, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUCTION CLAIMS BOARD. CONTRACTS BRANCH, Administrative Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department,—Established prior to the outbreak of the war. Abolished on January 26, 1918. Functions: To handle matters per- taining to contracts for the Division. Records: Among those of the Office in NA. CONTRACTS BRANCH, Construction Division, War Department.—Established on May 2A, 1917, as the Contracts Branch, Cantonment Division, Quar- termaster General's Office. Transferred to the Construction Divi- sion when the latter was established on March 13, 1918. Functions: To exercise general supervision over all documents in the nature of contracts and leases in connection with the work of the Division] to determine what matters should be submitted to the Judge Advocate General for opinion; and to handle all matters relating to surety bonds, fire insurance, workmen's compensation, and employer's lia- bility insurance. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department, CONTRACTS COMMITTEE, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emer- gency fleet Corporation,—See CONTRACT DIVISION. CONTRACTS SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board.—See WAR CONTRACTS SECTION. CONTROL AND PLANNING BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—See PLANNING AND ADJUSTMENTS BRANCH. CONTROL BUREAU, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 14, 1918, by Office Order No. 104. Functioned at first through the following Sections: General Administration, Require- ments, Plant, Plant Inspection, Transportation, Construction, Com- plaints, External Relations, Industrial Service, Planning and Con- trol, Methods and Organization, Progress, and Project. Abolished by Office Order No. 222, May 25, 1918, at which time the following Sections were transferred to the Estimates and Requirements Divi- sion, which was established by the same order: Requirements, Prog- ress, Project, Complaints, External Relations, and Planning and Con- trol, The Construction and Industrial Service Sections were trans- ferred to the Production Division, and the auxiliary functions of the Bureau to the Administration Division. The Methods and Organi- zation Section was abolished. Functions: To prepare estimates and schedules of requirements to serve as a basis for the purchase, pro- duction, and supply of ordnance and ordnance stores and supplies; to furnish the Procurement Division with lists of plants and arsenals that should be given orders for manufacturing such stores and sup- plies, taking into account such factors as plant capacity, organi- zation, labor conditions, facilities for procuring raw materials, and transportation facilities; to coordinate and control the work of the divisions charged with production, procurement, inspection, and supply; to handle work connected with the transportation of ordnance material; to submit reports on conditions in plants manu- facturing ordnance material, and to initiate and follow up action thereon; to investigate and adjust any complaints or disputes that might arise; to deal on behalf of the Ordnance Department with ques- tions of wages, labor, and employment affecting the production of 113 ordnance material in arsenals or privately owned plants; and to conduct or to authorize and supervise the conduct of the dealings of any units of the Office with other agencies of the Government and with external agencies. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CONTROL OF LABOR STANDARDS FOR ARMY CLOTHING BOARD, War Department.~ See LABOR STANDARDS FOR ARMY CLOTHING CONTROL BOARD. CONTROL OF PRODUCTION OF WAR MATERIAL IN GERMANY FOR DISARMAMENT OF GERMANY, COMMITTEE ON, Peace Conference.—Established at a session of the Supreme Council on January 2A, 1919. The members were Persh- ing (of the United States), Churchill (of Great Britain), Foch and Loucheur (of France), and A. Diaz (of Italy). Functions: To study the question of the control of production of materials of war in Germany and the disarmament of its army. Records; Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. CONVERSION SECTION, RESOURCES AND, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See RESOURCES AND CONVERSION SECTION. COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS SECTION, States Administration Division, Food Administration.—Established on June 25, 1917, in the Horae Conservation Division and transferred in September to the States Ad- ministration Division, in accordance with a polj cy of decentraliza- tion. Thereafter each State enlisted its cooperating organizations under a general policy announced from Washington. Functions: To enlist the cooperation of religious denominations, patriotic socie- ties, fraternal orders, and the commercial travelers of the country in the program for food conservation. Records; 1917-19 (8 feet) in NA. Correspondence with the cooperating organizations and with com- mercial travelers. COOPERATION WITH STATES SECTION, Council of National Defense.—See STATE COUNCILS SECTION. COORDINATION OF PURCHASE DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created on October 15, 1917, and absorbed certain functions and personnel trans- ferred from the Council of National Defense and War Industries Board. Cooperated with the Allied Provisions Export Commission, the Exports Bureau of the War Trade Board, the Food Purchase Board, the Grain Corporation, and the International Sugar Committee. Terminated in the summer of 1919. In the later months of its existence, Herbert L. Gutterson directed its activities. Functions; To coordinate food purchases, other than grains, for the Army, the Navy, the Allies, and neutral nations, the Belgium Relief Commission, the American National Red Cross, and other purchasers in order that ade- quate food supplies might be obtained without unduly disturbing food conditions and price levels in the United States. Included the following Sections to handle the commodities indicated: Butter and Cheese; Canned Goods; Canned Milk; and Sugar, flour. Cereals, Dried Fruit, and Beans. Records; 1917-19 (16W feet) in NA. Correspond- ence, applications for allotments, questionnaires, "tenders" of com- modities available for purchase, records of allotments, and contracts Include some correspondence for the Committee on Supplies of the Covur cil of National Defense. Many of the Gutterson papers are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace. 1 u COPPER COOPERATIVE CCMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee on May 17, 1917, and ceased functioning in November. Functions: To arrange a satisfactory price for the purchase of copper by the Ordnance Chief's Office of the War Department, and to arrange for meeting the copper needs of the Allies Records: May be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. CORDAGE AND HANDLES SECTION, Hardware and Hand Tools Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--See HARDWARE AND HAND TOOLS BRANCH. CORDAGE SECTION, JUTE, HEMP, AND, War Industries Board.—See JUTE HEMP, AND CORDAGE SECTION. CORPORATION AND INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY DIVISION, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.—Created shortly after the organization of the Trusts Bureau in 1917. Abolished after the close of the war. Func- tions ; To supervise matters relating to reports of enemy property, exclusive of that located in the insular possessions, and matters relating to insurance, patents, trade marks, court and private trusts and enemies resident in neutral countries. Records; Among those of the Trusts Bureau in NA. CORPORATION MANAGEMENT DIVISION, Alien Property Custodian.—Created as a Department in the Trusts Bureau and transferred to the Sales Bureau in 1918. Subsequently made a separate Division and existed as such as late as 1925. Functions; To administer seized corporations and prepare them for sale or liquidation. Records; 1917-3A (170 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, case files, auditors' reports, exami- nation files, and various records relating to administrative matters. COST BOARD OFFICER, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Organized for the duration of the war. Functions; To act as the representative of the Bureau in matters pertaining to cost accounting and matters involving expenditures of funds from Bureau appropriations by commercial fims that operated on a cost-plus or fixed-profit basis in the production of ordnance material. Records; In the Navy Department. COST CONFERENCE, INTERDEPARTMENTAL.—See INTERDEPARTMENTAL COST CON- FERENCE. COST ENGINEERING BRANCH, Construction Division, Housing Corporation,— Organized in April 1918 in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department. Abolished in June 1919. Functions; To keep complete and current records of the cost and progress of work performed and to utilize this information to enable the Corporation to speed up production and reduce costs on housing projects. Rec- ords; 1918-19 (25 feet) in NA. Include biweekly cost and progress reports, general files, special reports, official cost estimates, blueprints, and plat plans. COST INSPECTION BOARDS, Compensation Board, Navy Department.—Author- ized by the Secretary of the Navy on May 12, 1917, and appointed by the Compensation Board as its representatives at the private ship- yards under contract with the Navy Department for the Construction 115 of vessels on a cost-plus-profit basis. Each Cost Inspection Board consisted of the Superintending Constructor, the Inspector of Ma- chinery, and the Cost Inspector, who was the resident officer of the Pay Corps. Functions: To ascertain tne actual costs of the vessels being constructed by keeping detailed records of charges for labor, material, and overhead expense and by examining and transmit- ting to the Compensation Board contractors' monthly balance sheets, bills of costs, and orders for materials; and to pass, within certain limitations, upon the prices for materials and for special plant facilities. Records: The records of all but one of the Cost Inspec- tion Boards were destroyed as useless papers in 1943. Material con- tained in those papers, however, is reflected in the records of the Washington office of the Compensation Board. The records of the Cost Inspection Board of the Todd Dry Dock and Construction Corpora- tion, Takoraa, Wash., 1917-24 (55 feet), in NA, were retained as a sample of the records of these boards. They include correspondence, copies of material orders, vouchers, audit working papers, bills of lading, balance of stores ledgers, piece-work time slips, minutes of the Board; labor cost summaries, inventories of material and equipment, and various accounting records. References; Navy Depart- ment, Annual Report. 1918, p. 672-690. COST OF LIVING AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917. Functions soon taken over by the Food Administration. Func- tions : To investigate the cost of living and encourage domestic economy. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. COST OF LIVING DIVISION, HIGH, Justice Department.--See HIGH COST OF LIVING DIVISION. COST OF LIVING SECTION, Analysis Division, Examination Department, National War Labor Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment.—Probably organized in 1918 and terminated with the Board in 1919. Also known as a Division of the Examination Department. Func- tions : To collate and analyze living costs data pertinent to con- troversies before the Board. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. COST REDUCTION BRANCH, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established about May 13, 1919, and placed on an organization chart of June 30, 1919. No information however, has been found to indicate that the Branch was actually organized. COST REVIEW SECTION, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated in functions performed by a Cost Record Section, established in the Steel Ship Construction Division on November 23, 1918. The Cost Re- view Section was established January 29, 1919. In March 1919 the Section was divided into a Claims and Payment Branch and a Changes and Extras Branch. On March 26, 1920, it was abolished, but its two branches continued to function until February 6, 1923. . Functions: To review and record estimates of the cost of changes and extras on requisitioned and contract vessels; to check the credits due the Corporation from contractors; to determine construction costs in excess of the cost of the work as stipulated in the contract and specifications; to handle all claims for extension of delivery or for bonus and penalty payments; and to exercise jurisdiction over 116 all other matters of cost review arising out of the activities of the Construction Organization, Records: 1917-26 (53 feet) in NA, including those of the Changes and Extras Branch (46 feet) and the Claims and Payment Branch (4 feet). Following the abolition of the Section, virtually all its records were absorbed by its surviving branches. Include general correspondence, notes, memoranda, reports, and forms relating to the cost of shipbuilding, to changes and extras and to claims] and copies of shipbuilding contracts. COSTKEEPING BRANCH, Money Accounts Division, Finance Service, War De- partment.—Became part of the Finance Service in the fall of 1918. Functions: To keep records of expenditures from Quartermaster Corps appropriations and records of the value of Army supplies transferred from general supply depots to ports, camps, cantonments, and the like and to compile data with reference to such matters as the kinds of rations issued and the average cost. Records: In the War Depart- ment, COTTON AND COTTON LINTERS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,—Organized April 4, 1918, reporting both to the Textile and Rubber Division and to the Procurement Division of the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, Discontinued December 19, 1918. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to the production and procurement of cotton linters for the manufacture of cellulose material used in the manufacture of powder and for the manufacture of bedding; and to act as a point of contact between the Government and industry. Records; 1918-19 (17 feet) in NA. Include corre- spondence; bulletins to cottonseed oil millers and users of mattress linters; and questionnaires on sales, consumption, stocks, and ex- ports of cotton-mill waste. COTTON AND LINEN THREAD AND TAPES SECTION, Textile and Rubber .Division, War Industries Board.—See KLAI PRODUCTS SECTION. COTTON AND TOBACCO DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.— Organized in 1916. Succeeded by the Cotton and Oils Division in 1929. Functions: To collect, compile, and prepare for publicatior various statistics relating to cotton and tobacco. During the war it assisted the Bureau in gathering special statistics on various materials and commodities. Records; In the Census Bureau. COTTON COMMITTEE, War Industries Board.—Appointed September 23, 1918, by the War Industries Board with the approval of the President; ceased to function November 12, 1918. Functions; To devise methods for broadening the channels of distribution and use of the great stock of low grades of cotton currently unmarketable, for elimiaa-- ing speculation and hoarding, and for apportioning foreign orders. Records; Probably among those of the Board in JJA. COTTON COMPRESSION AND TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, War Industries Board. Formed in the summer of 1918 as a joint committee composed of repre- sentatives of the War, Agriculture, and Commerce Departments, the War Trade Board, the Shipping Board, and the War Industries Board, Continued the work of the Cotton Compression Section of the Storage Committee of the War Industries Board, which had been formed about December 1917. Discontinued after the armistice. Functions; To investigate methods of minimizing the wasteful methods in common use in the cottQp industry, Heards; Probably among those of th - Board in NA, 117 COTTON COMPRESSION SECTION, Storage Committee, War Industries Board.— See COTTON COMPRESSION AND TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, COTTON DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE, War Industries Board.—Created on Sep- tember 23, 1918, by the Board with the approval of the President; discontinued on December 10, 1918. Functions: To buy cotton for the United States and the Allies, at prices to be approved by the President, and to allot cotton to domestic and foreign consumers. Cooperated with the Cotton Committee, appointed the same date to study matters pertaining to cotton. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. COTTON GOODS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See COTTON GOODS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office. COTTON GOODS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Formed January 19, 1919. Func- tioned through four Sections: Cotton Goods Procurement, Converting, Cotton Yarn, and Production and Inspection. In October 1918 it was transferred with its superior agency to the Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions; To recommend specifications for and the procurement of cotton goods. Records; Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. COTTON GOODS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Advisory Con- mission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed in April 1917 to be an advisory and auxiliary body to the Committee on Supplies. Part of its work was transferred to the Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, on January 12, 1918. Also known as the Cotton Goods Section. Functions; To coordinate Government requirements, central- ize purchases, and eliminate competition between Government agencies in the purchase of cotton goods. Records; Some are among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board and others are probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. COTTON GOODS SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director'; Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH. COTTON GOODS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,—Established about May 28, 1918; discontinued December 21, 1918. Functions; To assist other agencies in the procurement of supplies of cotton goods by indicating sources, making allocations, and calling on the industry to cooperate by turning over its pro- duction to the Government at reasonable prices. Records; 1917-18 (1A feet) in NA. Include correspondence of the Section and of predecessor organizations, reports on cotton-cloth production, lists of Government clothing contracts, and samples of cotton cloth. COTTON LINTERS POOL.—Formed in May 1918 under the auspices of the Cotton and Cotton Linters Section, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board, and of the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment. By agreement between these two agencies, the DuPont American Industries Co. was awarded a contract to act as purchasing agent and manager of the Pool. Ceased operations in January 1919. Functions; 118 To secure the entire supply of cotton linters ("a mixture of long, usually soft or flaccid, fibers and fuzz escaping removal in ginning, used in making cotton batting”) available from August 1, 1918, to July 31, 1919, in order to meet the requirements of the United States and the Allied Governments. Records: Some are among those of the War Industries Board in NA. COTTON PROGRAMME COMMITTEE,—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES, COTTON SECTION, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. COTTON TESTING PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—The Project was transferred to the Markets Bureau from the Plant Industry Bureau during the fiscal year 1915. It functioned in close relation with other cotton projects, together with which it constituted the so-called Cotton Section, Normal work was suspended during part of the fiscal years 1918 and 1919 in favor of emergency activities. On July 7, 1919, the Project was transferred to the Cotton Marketing Division of the Bureau. Functions: To ascertain waste, tensile strength, and bleaching qualities of grades, classes, and varieties of cotton in order to determine their commercial and spinning value, and to demonstrate the results of these tests. During the war, to determine, on behalf of the Signal Corps, the adaptability of varie- ties of cotton to the manufacture of airplane and balloon fabrics and, on behalf of the War Industries Board, the practicability of utilizing low-grade cotton in the manufacture of fabrics for other military purposes. Records: Some for the war period (1 1/2 feet) are in NA. Include correspondence of staff members with Bureau authorities, the project head, and the public, in the Markets Bureau central correspondence files; correspondence of the project leader, Fred Taylor, containing samples of fabrics used in tests, in the Markets Bureau numerical correspondence files; and a report for 1918 in the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics "manuscript files." COTTONSEED DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created in October 1917. It became the Cottonseed Industry Section of the Collateral Commodi- ties Division in October 1918. Functions; To supervise the produc- tion and distribution of cottonseed oil; to handle matters pertain- ing to the ginning, crushing, and refining of cottonseed, lard sub- stitutes, soya beans, palm kernels, and copra; to stabilize prices and prevent speculation; and to cooperate with the Cotton and Cotton Linters Section of the War Industries' Board in order to obtain the largest possible production of cotton linters. Records: 1917-19 (55 feet) in NA. Include correspondence; replies to questionnaires; instructions and regulations; reports of cottonseed dealers, brokers, refiners, manufacturers, and millers; minutes of conferences; and statistical data. Monthly reports of the Division, May-September 1918, are with the Legal Division records. COTTONSEED INDUSTRY SECTION, Collateral Commodities Division, Food Administration.—See COTTONSEED DIVISION. COUNCIL OF AMBASSADORS.—Composed of the Ambassadors to France from Great Britain, Italy, and Japan and a representative from France; the American Ambassador to France sat as an observer for the United States, Held its first meeting on January 26, 1920. Functions: Dealt with questions arising from the peace treaties, as had the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Records; Whereabouts 119 unknown. References: Nina Almond and Ralph H, Lutz, eds., The Treaty of St. Germain. 12-13 (Stanford University, 1935)* COUNCIL Of FIVE, Peace Conference,—Composed of the Foreign Ministers in the Council of Ten and a Japanese representative. Subordinate to the Council of Four. Terminated with the signing of the Versailles Treaty, June 28, 1919, Functions: Dealt with questions concerning boundaries, opium traffic, traffic in arms, revision of the treaties of 1839, and prize-court decisions; handled preliminary work on the Austrian treaty; drew up articles establishing various commissions; and heard reports and settled problems of a minor character. Records; Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. References: H. W, V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p. 267 (London, 1920). COUNCIL OF FOUR, Peace Conference,—Composed of the President of the United States and the Prime Ministers of Great Britain, France, and Italy. During the absence of Orlando (Apr. 24-May 3) the Council functioned as the Council of Three. First meeting held March 14, 1919, although the title of Council was not assumed until March 24. Ter- minated with the signing of the Versailles Treaty, June 28, 1919. Functions: Appointed special commissions, committees, and missions; received reports; issued instructions; passed on questions; and super- vised the making of the treaty with Germany. Records; Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. References; H. W. V, Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p. 263-266 (London, 1920), COUNCIL OF HEADS OF DELEGATIONS, Peace Conference,—Constituted in July 1919, of representatives of the five principal Powers, this body superseded the Council of Four, the Council of Five, and the Council of Ten, Robert Lansing was the first United States repre- sentative, Succeeded by the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs on January 10, 1920. Functions: Directed the negotiations leading to and the final signing of the treaties with Austria and Bulgaria; arranged, by special treaties, for protection of minorities in the new states; appointed and set up commissions and committees; and dealt with matters involved in carrying out the treaties. Records; Probably some are in the State Department among those of the Ameri- can Commission to Negotiate Peace. References; State Department, Foreign Relations. 1919, vol. 1, p. 1-2. COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Peace Conference.—Succeeded the Council of Heads of Delegations. Composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs (the Ambassadors to France of the United States and Japan served as representatives for their countries) of the five Great Powers. Held three meetings between January 10 and 21, 1920. Functions; Performed work on the treaty with Hungary, and dealt with Allied relations with Soviet Russia, the proposed trial of William II, the admission of Switzerland into the League of Nations, the frontiers of Italy and Yugoslavia, and the Turkish question. Records; Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE.—Created by an act of August 29, 1916, but not fully organized until March 3, 1917. It was composed of the Secretaries of War, the Navy, the Interior, Agriculture, Com- merce, and Labor and functioned with the advice and counsel of an Advisory Commissioh (q. v.), composed of not more than seven persons. 120 each of whom was named for his "special knowledge of some industry, public utility, or the development of some natural resource" or who had other special qualifications. It functioned through a Director, who had authority to employ such expert and other help as might be required. The Council was an administrative laboratory where defense needs were studied and the necessary machinery set up to supply those needs. It established various boards, such as the General Munitions Board and the War Industries Board, and numerous committees and sub- committees, many of which served as nuclei of more permanent organi- zations. As new agencies were set up, the committees and subcommit- tees of the Council were dissolved and were immediately reappointed under the new agency or were made cooperative war service committees for the various industries with which they were concerned. The most important span of life for the Council ended with the emergence of the War Industries Board as a serai-independent body on March A, 1918, but it continued to function throughout the war period, particularly in matters pertaining to civilian activities and morale and post-war reconstruction, and legally it still exists, Walter S. Gifford, Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Herbert N, Shenton, and E, K. Ellsworth, Di- rectors successively. Functions: To coordinate industries and re- sources for the national security and welfare and to create relations that would render possible in time of need the immediate concentra- tion and utilization of the resources of the Nation, In a broad sense, it was the Council's duty to make available to the United States the best thought and effort of American industrial and pro- fessional life first for defense and then for the successful prose- cution of the war. Records: 1916-37 (1,140 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, memoranda, card records, statistics, charts, and other records of the Director's Office, the Advisory Commission, and subdivisions of the Council, especially of those units that remained under it until the close of the war. Some of them have been dis- persed in consolidated files (15 feet). Many of the records of the Council were transferred to the "War Industries Board, and are now incorporated in the records of the Board, and some were probably transferred to other agencies. Others were withdrawn after the war for use at the Amy Industrial College, and whether or not they were all returned it has not been possible to determine, A few of the records, those of obviously routine nature and of transitory import- ance, have been destroyed, and many of the Council's records are now in the possession of individuals who worked on it. References: Grosvenor B, Clarkson, Industrial America in the World War (Boston. 1923)j Council of National Defense, Annual Reports. lst-4th, 1917- 20, and Minutes (74 Cong., 2 sess., S. Com. Print 7. Washington, 1936)j National Archives, Preliminary Inventory of the Council of National Defense Records. 1916-1921 (Washington, Dec, 1942). COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE, FUEL ADMINISTRATION, ETC. BRANCH, RELA- TIONS WITH, Purchase Section, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established during the latter half of 1917. Functions; To approve contractors' orders, and to handle the rela- tions of the Nitrate Division with the Council of National Defense and the Fuel Administration, Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. COUNCIL OF TEN, Peace Conference.—Composed of two representatives from each of the Great Powers, i. e., the heads of government and the foreign ministers of the United States, Great Britain, Prance, and Italy, and two representatives from Japan. Formed the main organ of the Conference. Dissolved in March 1919 and succeeded by the Council of Four and the Council of Five (Council of Foreign 121 Ministers), Georges Clemenceau, President. Functions: To establish the procedure and arrange the program of the Peace Conference; fix representation; appoint commissions and committees; decide what ques- tions should be referred to the Conference; and set up territorial commissions and provide for renewals of the armistice. Records: Probably some are in the State Department among those of the Ameri- can Commission to Negotiate Peace, References; H, W. V, Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol, 1, p. 247-250 (London, 1920); James T. Shotwell, At the Paris Peace Conference. 240 (New York, 1937). COUNCIL OF THREE, Peace Conference.—See COUNCIL OF POUR. COUNSEL'S OFFICE, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Originated on March 10, 1918; terminated on June 1, 1919. Also known as the Law Bureau. Functions; To advise and assist the General Director in matters of law and general policy. The Office also supervised mat- ters relating to marine transportation, including the work of the Marine Transportation Bureau, which aided the oil industry in obtain- ing tankers and other means of transportation for overseas shipment of petroleum and its products. Records; In NA. Correspondence, reports, memoranda, tabulations, and applications for furloughs from Army service (4 feet) filed separately from the central files of the Division. COURIER SECTION, Administrative Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Established as a Branch on July 7, 1918, in the Administration Section, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Later became a Section when transferred to the Administrative Division of the Transportation Service Chief's Of- fice. Abolished after the withdrawal of American forces from Europe. Functions: To administer the War Department Overseas Courier Service. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. COURT AND PRIVATE TRUSTS DIVISION, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Cus- todian,—Organized in 1917 and abolished shortly after the war. Functions; To have charge of trusts in which enemy property was involved in executorships, administrations, trusts, receiverships, bankruptcies, guardianships, and committees dealing with incompe- tents. Records; Among the various trust files of the Trusts Bureau in NA. CRANE SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.— Organized November 12, 1917; discontinued December 14, 1918. Func- tions ; To collect data concerning the available output of cranes of various types, to allocate supplies of cranes, and to arrange shipping schedules. Records; 1917-18 (20 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence, records of crane prices and specifications, reports on priority ratings, and records of shipments. Other rec- ords may be in the "consolidated files" of the Board. CREDIT BRANCH, Credits Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in the early part of 1918. Functions; To investigate the financial condition of contractors and to obtain from them information concerning their financial standing. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. CREDITS BOARD, WAR, War Department.—See WAR CREDITS BOARD 122 CREDITS SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on September 17, 1917, as the finance Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Division, and transferred to the Procurement Division as a Section in February 1918. Included the following Branches: Advance Payment, Allotment Request, Bookkeeping, Contract Abstracting, Cost Estimating, Credit, Payment Papers, and Project Estimating. Functioned until the armistice. Functions: To handle all matters of a financial nature in any way concerned with Procure- ment Division projects and orders. It approved requisitions for con- tracts from the standpoint of the financial condition of the con- tractor; acted as liaison between the Procurement Division and the War Credits Board for the negotiation of advance payments to con- tractors; maintained a "register of projects" and reported projects as completed; and made cost estimates of ordnance material. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. CREEL COMMITTEE.—See COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION. CREOSOTE SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Established in February 1918 to take over the work on creosote formerly performed by the Coal-Gas Products Section. After the middle of November all new business was turned over to the Forest Products Section of the Railroad Administration, and on December 31, 1918, the Section was discontinued. Functions; To study the supply of and the demand for creosote, to issue clearances, and to allocate available stocks. Records; Probably among those of the Board in NA. CRIMINAL ACTS SUBCCMMISSION, Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of Penalties Commission,- Peace Conference.—Appointed by and reported to the Commission. W. F. Massey, Chairman. Func- tions.; To discover and collect evidence necessary to establish the facts relating to culpable conduct that brought about the World War or that took place in the course of hostilities. Records; Some are probably in the State Department among those of the American Commis- sion to Negotiate Peace, CRIMINAL DIVISION, Justice Department.—A permanent unit of the Depart- ment. Functions; To investigate and prosecute violations of the criminal laws of the United States. During the war, this work in- cluded violations of laws relating to neutrality, passports, recruit- ing, navigation, espionage, sabotage, conscription, sedition, and immigration and naturalization. Also, to prepare and conduct civil and criminal actions for frauds arising out of wartime contracts. A War Transactions Section took over this work in 1922, and after February 1923 it was carried on in cooperation with a Joint Board of Survey, composed of representatives of the Justice and War Depart- ments. Records; Interspersed among the central files of the Justice Department in NA. Include correspondence and memoranda; newspaper clippings; pamphlets; case files on investigations, prosecutions, and civil suits; and monographs on the law of neutrality and other subjects. References; Homer S, Cummings and Carl McFbrland, Federal Justice. A13-A31 (New York, 1937). CRIPPLES, INTERALLIED COMMITTEE FOR THE REEDUCATION OF WAR.—See INTER- ALLIED COMMITTEE FOR THE REEDUCATION OF WAR CRIPPLES. CROP ESTIMATES BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—At the time of the war this Bureau was one of the oldest agencies in the Department, It maintained a staff of paid field agents and a large corps of voluntary 123 reporters. During the war its work was increased with the aid of funds provided by the Food Production Act of 1917. It was consoli- dated with the Bureau of Markets on July 1, 1921, and most of its functions are now carried on by the Division of Agricultural Statis- tics of the Agricultural Marketing Service, Functions: During the war, to promote the production and conservation of food both by the performance of its normal functions and by providing agencies con- cerned with the formulation of food programs with information on such special subjects as supply of and demand for farm labor, seeds, and fertilizer, stocks of food on farms, and farm credit; by providing a truck crop news service; by assisting in the making of Government seed grain loans in drought areas; and by distributing literature designed to promote production and conservation. To provide the War Trade Board and the staff of the American delegation to the Peace Conference with information concerning foreign agriculture. To dis- tribute literature designed to promote certain nonagricultural phases of the war effort and to provide the Justice Department and Alien Property Custodian with information relating to such phases. Records: 1909-37 (286 feet) in NA. The bulk of the general correspondence of the Bureau has been destroyed, but a remnant (3 feet) covering the period 1913-21 remains. Other records of the war period include re- ports and comments of field agents on estimated crop production and other matters, 1914-21 (7 feet); tabulations of reports on the same subjects, including wartime farm labor and food supplies, 1909-37 (275 feet); and copies of schedule forms, circular letters, and other materials distributed, 1916-20 (1 foot). CROP EXPERTS OFFICE, drain Corporation.—Established in September 1917. Worked in cooperation with the Agriculture Department, and the offi- cials in charge, John D. Shanahan and James W, T. Duvel, were loaned by the Agriculture Department. The Office included the following Departments: Grain Inspection, Grain Supervision, Crop Technologists, Dust Explosion and Eire Prevention, terminated in August 1920. Func- tions : To formulate policies as to grain standards and the storage of seed wheat, to handle grain inspection disputes, to combat grain diseases, and to promote measures for fighting dust explosions in elevators and mills. Records: 1918-19 (7 feet)' in NA. Include correspondence and copies of printed material. Related records per- taining to the Agriculture Department's cooperation in dust explosion work are among the files of the former Chemistry Bureau in NA. Ref- erences: Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War. 391-393 (New York, 1928). CROP RECORDS DIVISION, Crop Estimates oureau. Agriculture Department.— A previously existing unit reorganized as the Crop Records Division in 1914. In 1922 its functions were transferred to the Statistical and Historical Research Division of the Bureau of Agricultural,Eco- nomics, Those relating to foreign agriculture are now handled by the Foreign Agricultural* Relations Office. Functions; To prepare esti- mates of crop production, of imports and exports of food, of avail- able food supply, and of surpluses and requirements of food in, for- eign countries. These -were used by agencies engaged in formulating food programs, in carrying on economic warfare, and in drafting peace treaties. Records: 1904-38 (110 feet) in NA. Records for the war period include consular reports collected by the Division and now filed among records of the Foreign Agriculture Relations Office. CHOP REPORTS DIVISION, Crop Estimates Bureau, Agricultural Department.— A unit that attained divisional status in the fiscal year 1904, Its work since 1921 has been carried on in the Agricultural Statistics 124 Division, which now is in the Agricultural Marketing Service. Func- tions : To prepare and distribute schedules containing emergency in- quiries to field agents and crop to tabulate data returned on such schedules) and to distribute literature designed to further the war effort. Records: 1916-20 (1 foot) in NA. Include copies of schedules, circular letters, and materials distributed. CROP TECHNOLOGISTS' DEPARTMENT, Crop Experts Office, Grain Corporation.— See CROP EXPERTS OFFICE. CROPS DIVISION, TRUCK, Crop Estimates Bureau, Agriculture Department.— See TRUCK CROPS DIVISION. CUBAN ALLOTMENT COMMITTEE.—A body of five members, with headquarters in New York City, who were appointed by the Sugar Equalization Board in accordance with an agreement of October 24, 1918, made by the Board with the various sellers of Cuban sugar. F*unctions: To supervise and direct the details of carrying out the allocation of sugar and its shipment from Cuba. Records: 1919 (5 inches) in NA, Include correspondence and statements on assigned tonnage as reported to the Shipping Board. References: Joshua Bernhardt, Government Control of the Sugar Industry in the United States. 174, 176 (New York, 1920), CURRENT STATISTICS SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Of- fice, War Department.—Organized on September 1, 1917, as the Current Vital Statistics Section. This title was ultimately shortened to Current Statistics Section, Functions: To receive and consolidate, daily and weekly, telegrams, cablegrams, and special delivery letters regarding sickness and injury) and to prepare weekly and special health reports regarding troops at home' and abroad. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, CUSTOMS BUREAU, BRANCHES AND, War Trade Board.—See BRANCHES AND CUSTOMS BUREAU. CUSTOMS DIVISION, Treasury Department,—Created in the Secretary's Of- fice about 1870. Received statutory recognition by an act of March 3, 1875. By terms of an act of March 3, 1927, the Customs Division and the Special Agents Division in the Secretary's Office were con- solidated into a Customs Bureau headed by a Commissioner, Functions: To administer the collection of import duties and the enforcement of customs laws. Additional duties imposed on the Division during the period of the war included certain responsibilities under the Espio- nage Act of June 15, 1917, the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, and the Motor Boat Act of June 7, 1918, as follows; The guarding of vessels arriving from and departing to foreign ports) the searching of vessels for prohibited articles and communications) the prevention of illegal exportations of gold and currency) the examina- tion of outgoing passengers and baggage) the visaing of passports) the issuance of certificates of citizenship and identification cards to seamen; the censoring of communications brought into or carried out of the United States otherwise than in the regular course of the mails) the checking of licenses for imports and exports for the War Trade Board) the control and supervision of all watercraft in the territorial waters of the United States; and the insuring of safety in the handling of munitions. The Division also assisted in the en- forcement of the Federal prohibition law along the seaboard and the Mexican and Canadian borders. Recoros; 1914-20 (1,000 feet) in NA, Interfiled with other records of the Customs Bureau, Include papers 125 and books relating to the documentation, entrance, and clearance of vessels; the entry, appraisement, warehousing, exportation, and re- exportation of merchandise; correspondence; and accounting records. Other records are in the field offices of the Customs Bureau. CUTLER! SECTION, Small Tools and Chests Branch, General Supplies Divi- sion, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War De- partment. —See SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS BRANCH. 126 D DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS, Market News Service, Markets Bureau, Agri- culture Department,—Established on September 1, 1917, under author- ity of the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, Operated in close relation to, or as part of, the Marketing Dairy Products Project, In 1920 the functions of the Service were transferred to the Dairy and Poultry Products Division of the Bureau. Functions; To improve distribution, accelerate transportation, further con- servation, and stabilise prices of food; and to assist the Food Administration, the War Trade Board, the Shipping Board, and simi- lar agencies by obtaining and publishing reports on production, market receipts, available market supplies, trade and market con- ditions, and market prices of dairy and poultry products. Records; Correspondence of staff members with Bureau authorities, the project head, and the public are in NA in -the central correspondence files of the Bureau, while related correspondence of the "leader* of the Marketing Dairy Products Project, R, C, Pottf, is in the numerical correspondence files. DAIRY DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department,—Es- tablished on July 1, 1895; its dairy research laboratories were Inaugurated 7 years later. The Division became the Bureau of Dairy Industry in 1924. Functionst During the war, to stimulate dairy production; to encourage the use of dairy by-products, es- pecially skim milk and buttermilk in the making of cottage cheese and condensed skim milk, and in general to encourage the conser- vation of dairy products; and to improve the sanitary conditions of milk and dairy products in extra-cantonment zones and to make available a larger supply of these products for use by the troops. Among its other activities, the Division developed a process for manufacturing from milk casein a special waterproof glue used in airplane construction. Records; 1917-18 (8 feet) among those of the Bureau of Dairy Industry in NA, Include correspondence, re- ports, and other papers. References; Jenks Cameron, The Bureau of Dairy Industry (Baltimore, 1959), DAIRY PRODUCTS, COLD STORAGE, AND PACKING HOUSE PRODUCTS DIVISION, Food Administration.—See PERISHABLE FOODS DIVISION. DAIRY PRODUCTS DIVISION, Food Administration,-Formed in October 1918 from the Butter and Cheese Section and the Milk Section of the Perishable Foods Division and the Canned Milk Section of the Canned Foods Division, Terminated in January 1919, For descriptions of the functions and records, see these Sections, DAIRY PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Agricultural Advisory Committee,—See AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE. DAMAGE SUBCOMMITTEE, VALUATION OF, Reparation of Damages Coomission, Peace Conference,—See VALUATION OF DAMAGE SUBCOMMITTEE. DAMAGES COMMISSION, REPARATION OF, Peace Conference.—See REPARATION OF DAMAGES COMMISSION, 127 DANUBE RIVER COMMISSION, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED DANUBE RIVER CGUMISSION. DEAD LETTERS DIVISION, Post Office Department,—In existence prior to the war. After the war its name was changed to Dead Letters and Dead Parcel Post Division, Functionsi During the war it returned letters sent to enemy eountrl'es or io Russia and returned as un- mailable registered articles addressed to neutral countries but evidently intended to be forwarded to ensny countries. Records: In the Post Office Department. DECK DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated in December 1918j attained the status of a department of the Division in May 1919. On February 1, 1920, it became a part of the Supercargo Section of the Operating Depart- ment, Operations Division. Functional To supervise matters re- lating to deck officers on vessels operated for the Shipping Board. Records| 1918-20 (50 feet) in NA, Correspondence and reports. DEFENSE BOARD, INTERDEPARTMENTAL, Council of National Defense.—See . INTERDEPARTMENTAL DEFENSE BOARD. DEFENSE COUNCIL, NATIONAL,—See COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE. DEFENSE OF SUITS DIVISION, Justice Department.—In existence since 1866, when an Assistant Attorney General was put in charge of cases before the Court of Claims. With his assistants, the Assist- ant Attorney General formed a unit that has been known by various names at different times. In 1920 it was known as the Division for the Defense of Suits, and in 1934 it was formally designated the Claims Division. Functions! To defend claims against the United States in suits in the Court of Claims and in the district courts under Court of Claims Jurisdiction and under war emergency legis- lation. These included claims relating to patents and royalties, inventions, copyrights and trade-marks, contracts, cotton linters, ships, and real and personal property commandeered, requisitioned, or otherwise taken over for the furtherance of the national se- curity and defense. In 1926 the Division took over the work of the War Transactions Section relating to the recovery of overpayments resulting from frauds in war contracts (see CRIMINAL DIVISION). Records: 1917-25, interspersed among those of the Claims Division in the central files of the Department in NA. Included are ease files containing correspondence, memoranda, pleadings, briefs, transcripts of testimony, exhibits, and opinions. DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSIST- ENCE DIVISION. DEHYDRATION BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created on March 21, 1918, as a section of the Controlled Bids Branch, and in June became the Dehydration Branch. Transferred with the Division on October 19, 1918, to the Office of the Director of Purchase where it became’ the Dehydrated Products Branch. Functions: To aid in developing the dehydrated vegetable industry in the United States. As a result of its efforts, millions of pounds of dehydrated potatoes, carrots, onions and turnips were sent overseas. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, 128 DEHYDRATION DIVISION, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department,—Or- ganized on October 1, 1918, Functionst In cooperation with the Food Administration, to investigate the best methods of dehydration, the food value of dehydrated products, and the proper methods of packing; and, in cooperation with the Quartermaster General's Office, to develop basic information on the moisture content of dried vege- tables and to prepare dried soups, dried stews, and like products. Recordst Among those of the Chemistry Bureau in NA, DEHYDRATION SECTION, POTATO AND, Perishable Foods Division, Food Ad- ministration.—See POTATO AND DEHYDRATION SECTION. DELIVERY SECTION, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War De- partment.—Created on May 24, 1917, in the Materials and Transpor- tation Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred to the Construction Division when the latter was estab- lished on March 13, 1918, Operated through the following Depart- ments! Transportation, Inspection, and Expediting, Functions! To follow up the production, manufacture, inspection, and transporta- tion of all materials purchased and procured through the Procure- ment Section, Records! In the War Department, DEMOBILIZATION BOARD, Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Operating Forces Division, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department,—Estab- lished by circular letter of the Secretary of the Navy on March 19, 1919, and first met in New York City on April 10, 1919, Dissolved on May 25, 1920, Functions! To supervise the demobilization of vessels of the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, including their inspection and the inventorying of the equipment and supplies on board. By July 1, 1919, 350 vessels had been returned to their owners or transferred to the Shipping Board. Records! 1919-20, Those in NA (1 foot) consist of correspondence. Material relating to the Board is in the general correspondence files of the Secre- tary's Office in NA and in the Office of Naval Records and Library in the Nayy Department, DEMOBILIZATION BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Ap- pointed on November 20, 1918, and consisted of six members. The Chief of the Personnel Group, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, was responsible for carrying into effect the decisions of the Demobili- zation Board after their approval by the Chief of Ordnance. The Board was dissolved on January 11, 1919, and its records were turned over to the recorder of the board appointed at that time to "con- sider all questions of policy relating to the personnel of the Ordnance Department." Functional To decide all questions relating to the demobilization of the commissioned, enlisted, and civilian personnel of the Ordnance Department, Records! Probably among those of the Office in NA. DEMOBILIZED RECORDS DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Depart- ment .—Established on January 17, 1919, as the Examination of Serv- ice Records Division. On January 23 its name was changed to Demo- bilized Records Division, Merged into the newly created World War Division about January 1, 1920, Functions! To receive, arrange, and file individual records pertaining to the personnel of the demobilized Amy, Records: In The Adjutant General's Office. DENTAL INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES, AND SUPPLIES BRANCH, Medical and Hospital Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase 129 and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Di- vision, General Staff, War Department.—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES DIVISION, DENTAL SECTION, Personnel Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Organized on August 9, 1917. On November 24, 1919, it became a Division, Functions: To exercise general supervision over the organization of the dental service, including the assign- ment of dental officers to duty, and to make recommendations for the construction of the necessary dental infirmaries in the canton- ments, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, DENTISTRY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Sup- plies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDI- ZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. DEPOSITORY AND INVENTORY DEPARTMENT, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian,—Organized in 1917 and abolished shortly after the war. Functions: To designate depositories of alien property; issue instructions to them; obtain inventories of property held; and exer- cise general supervision over reports and statements received from the various depositories. Records: 1917-32 (256 feet) in NA, In- clude quarterly reports from depositories, correspondence, deposi- tor bonds, and recommendations concerning depositories. DEPOT BRANCH, Operating Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Organized on February 13, 1918, as a Branch of the Warehousing Division, which in April became the Depot Division and in August the Operating Division, Abolished on November 1, 1918, when its duties were taken over by the Domestic Operations Division Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functions: To supervise the operation of the various depots and warehouses of the Quartermaster Corps, and to supervise the inspection of depots, warehouses, camps, and cantonments. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. DEPOT BRANCH, Remount Service, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See REMOUNT SERVICE, DEPOT BRANCH, Warehousing Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See DEPOT BRANCH, Operating Division, DEPOT DEPARTMENT, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Existed by June 21, 1918, Operated through an Accounting Division, an Engineering Division for Con- struction of Depots, and depots in the field. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, October 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase, Functions: To handle matters pertaining to engineering materials used in engineer construction work overseas, and to issue engineering materials to troops and seacoast defenses in this country. Records: Probably among those of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in NA. DEPOT DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See OPERATING DIVISION, 130 DEPOT SECTION, AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION. DERMATOLOGY AND UROLOGY SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established in June 1917, On November 30, 1918, it was transferred to the Sur- gery Division, where it continued to function for a short time. With the discharge of many of the temporary officers, the details of the work were taken over by the Chief of the Division, Func- tions: To attack the problem of venereal diseases as a whole, and to recommend the appointment of urological surgeons to take charge of work related to this problem in the military service. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA, DERMATOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See STANDARDI- ZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. DESIGN AND TEST SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION, DESIGN AND TRENCH WARFARE SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See TRENCH WARFARE SECTION, Engineering Division, DESIGN BRANCH, Cannon Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established in 1917, Functions transferred on October 27, 1917, to the Cannon Branch, Design Section, Functions: To be responsible for the design of field and seacoast cannon and their accessories. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. DESIGN BRANCH, Construction Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Organized in 1917, Functions: To design storehouses, magazines, and other buildings and structures as re- quired by the Division; to plan special railroad and wharfage facili- ties necessary in connection with buildings, structures, and lands purchased, erected, or leased by the Division; to prepare plans for mechanical or electrical equipment for storehouses and depots; and to provide for the safety and fire protection of supply depots. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, DESIGN BRANCH, Production Bureau, Housing Section, Passenger Trans- portation and Housing Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on May 1, 1918; abolished on July 31, 1919* Functions; To supervise the general plan of each housing project, and to design the buildings and houses for it. Records: 1918-19 (13 feet) in NA, Include corre- spondence, notes, memoranda, reports, specifications, and blueprints. DESIGN COMMITTEE, Housing Corporation,—Consisted of an architect, engi neer, and town planner, each of whom, as representative of his respec' tive division, had charge of the work in his field. Functions: To pass upon the designs, specifications, and estimates prepared by designers for housing projects and to coordinate all designs. Records: 1918-19, among those of the Corporation in NA, 131 DESIGN DIVISION, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department,— In existence prior to the war. Abolished about 1930, when Its duties were taken over by the newly created Division of Design and Construction, Functionsi To prepare designs for the construction of new vessels and for large alterations in completed vessels; also to prepare estimates of costs for new construction and to cooperate with the Contract Division In the preparation of the technical fea- tures of circulars and contracts. Recordsi Correspondence and other records for the war period are among the general flies of the Bureau in NA. Also in NA are ship plans to 1909, Including plans of vessels in operation during the war. Other records are in the Navy Department, DESIGN DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department,—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. In 1930 its functions were taken over by the newly created Division of Design and Construc- tion of the Engineering Bureau, Functions! To recommend types of machinery to be adopted for new ships; to draft general designs of machinery; to prepare contract plans and specifications; to make recommendations concerning bids and alternative plans submitted by contractors; to prepare directions for trials of machinery; to make recommendations for payments on contracts; to pass upon all altera- tions of existing machinery of naval vessels; and to supervise the drafting of designs for aircraft engines. Records! 1857-1930 (com- bined with the general files of the Bureau of Engineering, total 4,134 feet) in NA, Those for the war period Include correspondence and plans for engines. Other records are in the Navy Department, DESIGN DIVISION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department,—On Novem- ber 1, 1916, the Mechanical, Electrical, and Routine Design Di- vision and the Special Design and Projects Division were created to have charge of the design work of the Bureau. In March 1917 these were combined to form the Design Division, which is still in exist- ence. Functions! To be responsible for the design and detailed correctness of plans and specifications in accordance with the general features determined by the various "project managers," Records! Among the general files of the Bureau in NA, DESIGN DIVISION, RESEARCH AND, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War De- partment.—See RESEARCH AND DESIGN DIVISION. DESIGN SECTION, Aircraft Division, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department.—See AIRCRAFT DIVISION, DESIGN SECTION, Architectural and Structural Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUC- TURAL DIVISION, DESIGN SECTION, Engineering Division for Construction of Depots, Depot Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See ENGINEERING DIVISION FOR CONSTRUC- TION OF DEPOTS. DESIGN SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Depart- ment,—Established on September 7, 1917, by Gun Division Order No. 4, Operated through the following Branches: Artillery Ammunition, Cannon, Explosives, General Control, and Trench Warfare. Trans- ferred to the Engineering Bureau on January 17, 1918, by Gun 132 Division Order No. 58, Functional To centralize the design work for the entire Division, Ihe Section was responsible for all natters of a technical nature affecting designs, specifications, and drawings and for the development of and everything connected with the adoption of types or substitutes. It was also responsible for questions connected with target practice, both mobile and sea- coast, including estimates, the design of the material, and the handling of the resulting reports and tests. Recordsi Probably with those of the Office in NA. DESIGN SECTION, Science and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer1 Office, War Department.—See SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DIVISION. DESIGN SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Organized at the outbreak of the war and still in existence. Functional To have charge of the design and preparation of plans, clrawings, and prints for all sections of the Technical Division. Records! In the Navy Department. DESPATCH DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.-See SPECIAL DESPATCH AGENT, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board, DEVELOPMENT BATTALIONS SUBSECTION, Miscellaneous Section, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department,—See MIS- CELLANEOUS SECTION. DEVELOPMENT OF FUELING FACILITIES SECTION, Logistics and Fuel Divi- sion, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—Existed from 1917 to 1920. Functions! To have charge of the establishment of fuel depots, the building up of fueling organizations, the prepa- ration of the Navy "Standard List” of mines producing acceptable coal, and the compilation of data regarding the fuel requirements of ships. Records! Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, DIES AND GAUGES COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense,—Formed some time prior to April 10, 1917; dis- solved after the establishment of the War Industries Board on July 28, 1917. Functions! To study the needs of the War and Navy Departments for dies and gauges and to recommend methods of in- creasing production. Records! Whereabouts unknown. DILUTION DIVISION, Training and Dilution Service, War Labor Adminis- tration, Labor Department,—Organized Just before the armistice and discontinued soon thereafter, when the Service became the Training Service, Functions! To study the need for and the available sup- ply of skilled labor, in cooperation with the Employment Service, and the hygienic fitness of factories for the dilution of skilled with unskilled labor, in cooperation with the Public Health Serv- ice. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928. DINING-CAR COMMITTEE, INTERREGIONAL, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration.—See INTERREGIONAL DINING-CAR COMMITTEE. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS SECTION, Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department,—Organized in 1918, Headed by MaJ. Fred M. Fling. Functions! To collect data, both in Washing- ton and at the Peace Conference, concerning diplomatic relations preceding and during the period of American participation in the 133 war and concerning the peace negotiations. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MILITARY RAILWAYS, OFFICE OF, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See MILITARY RAILWAYS DIREC- TOR GENERAL’S OFFICE. DIRECTOR GENERAL OF RAILROADS.—See RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION. DISARMAMENT OF GERMANY, COMMITTEE ON CONTROL OF PRODUCTION OF WAR MATERIAL IN GERMANY FOR, Peace Conference.—See CONTROL OF PRO- DUCTION OF WAR MATERIAL IN GERMANY FOR DISARMAMENT OF GERMANY, COMMITTEE ON. DISBURSING DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,— In existence prior to the war. Because of the great expansion of work during the war several sections were taken from the Division on March 1, 1918, to form the Allotment Division (q, v,). These sections and their work were returned to the Division on January 1, 1919, Functions: The routine duties of the Division consisted largely of the payment for material delivered to the Navy under Bureau contracts, the payment of all freight and passenger trans- portation services rendered by railroads and express companies, the payment of expenses of officers and civilians traveling on inspec- tion duty, and the payment of allotments made by officers and en- listed men. With the coming of the war many changes in work were necessary. These resulted from the changed methods of purchasing and procuring war material to comply with the procedures adopted by the Council of National Defense, the War Industries Board, and other war agencies; the system of commandeering material instead of purchasing the same after competition; and the payment for mate- rial by advance payments, partial payments, and on a cost-plus- profits basis. Records: Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, DISBURSING DIVISION, CENTRAL, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department.—See CENTRAL DISBURSING DIVISION. DISCIPLINARY BARRACKS SENTENCES SECTION, Military Justice Division, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department,—See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION. DISEASES AND LABORATORIES DIVISION, INFECTIOUS, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.—See INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND LABORATORIES DIVISION. DISEASES SUBCOMMITTEE, CONTAGIOUS, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense*—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. DISMISSALS AND CAPITAL SENTENCES SECTION, Military Justice Division, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department,—See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION. DISPERSOID DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Organized on April 1, 1917; transferred with its superior agency to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions: To study the small-scale production of smokes or mists, the 134 development of smoke candles, and the dissipation of smokes; to make routine tests of airplane ammunition; and to develop primers. Recordst In the War Department and-the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 36 (Bulletin 178A, Washing- ton, 1919). DISTRIBUTION AND Y/AREHOUSE SECTION, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Estab- lished on September 18, 1918, as the successor to the Distribution and Storehouses Departments, both of which had been created on July 11, 1918, The Section was abolished on January 30, 1919, and its distribution activities were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Purchasing and Production Section, Jurisdiction over ware- houses and storage yards was placed in the hands of the Material Control Branch, Material Section, Supply Division, Functions: To supervise the distribution and dispatching of shipbuilding mate- rial and supplies, and to establish and operate storage yards and storehouses for such materials and supplies in transit to shipyards and plants holding contracts with the Corporation. Records: 1918- 22 (combined with those of successor units, total 11 feet) in NA, Include reports of lumber received at various storage yards, rec- ords of warehouses, and reports of warehouse operations. Addi- tional material relating to storage yards and warehouses and to the dispatching function of the Section is in the "old" general file of the Supply and Sales Division, DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, Depot Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, Operating Di- vision, DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, Supply Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created on January 26, 1918, as a Branch of the Quartermaster Supply Control Bureau, Became a Branch of the Supply Control Division on the establishment of the latter on April 16, Functioned through the following Sections: Domestic, Overseas Overseas Service, and Reserve, Abolished on June 14, 1918, Func- tions: To supervise the distribution of supplies. Records: Among those of the Office in NA, DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Committee on Public Information,—See PRODUC- TION AND DISTRIBUTION DIVISION. DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in June 1917 as the Grocers* Wholesale Distribution Division, Later known as the WTiolegale and Retail Grocers Division and, finally, as the Distribution Division, It had charge of nonperishable commodities and at various times included Sections handling the problems of wholesalers, retailers, brokers, and coffee, flour, commercial baking, and other dealers insofar as they were covered by license regulations. In April 1913 the Staple Grocers Division and the Wholesale and Retail Division were created to take over some of its functions. Abolished early in 1919, Functions: To insure speedy deliveries of food and reasonable profits to dealers, and to pre- vent hoarding and speculation. Records: 1917-13 (28 feet) in NA, Correspondence, References: Albert N. Merritt, War Time Control of Distribution of Foods: a Short History of the Distribution Division ("New York, 1920) , DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Fuel Administration,—Began operations in September 1917 as the Apportionment and Distribution Division, Reorganized January 28, 1913, with greatly increased functions, to 135 form one of the three principal divisions of the Administration, Included the following Bureaust Anthracite Coal, Bituminous Coal and Coke, Qas Plants, State Distribution, and Statistics, In each producing region there was a district representative, who worked through the various Bureaus, On April 1, 1918, a zone system of distribution was inaugurated to eliminate long and cross hauls of coal, and a Coal Zone Permit Bureau was organized. The Division worked in close cooperation with the War Industries Board and the Railroad Administration, Terminated in July 1919, J, D. A, Morrow, General Director, Functionsi To control the distribution of coal and coke to States and to certain defined consuming areas; to dis- tribute supplies of coal and coke directly to the Army, railroads, and certain war industries; and to arrange proper routing of ship- ments, Recordsi 1917-19 (753 feet) in NA, Correspondence, memo- randa, reports, tabulations, certificates, circulars, and other papers. Referencesi Fuel Administration, Report of the Distri- bution Division, 1918-1919 (Washington, 1919), DISTRIBUTION OF MILK, ICE, AND COAL COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Probably ap- pointed in September 1918 and ceased to exist the same month. Functions! To consider a program for conserving manpower through a more efficient system of distribution of milk, ice, and coal. Records! The Committee's resolution regarding the distribution of milk, ice, and coal is filed with records of the Board in NA, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMITTEE, REQUISITIONED HOUSES IN THE, Housing Corporation.—See REQUISITIONED HOUSES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMITTEE. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RENT COMMISSION.—See RENT COMMISSION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, DISTRICT OFFICES DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Commerce Department.—Organized in 1916 and still in existence. Functions! To place the resources of the Bureau more directly at the disposal of American manufacturers and exporters, and to serve as headquarters for foreign buyers in the United States, During the war it helped the Export Licenses Division and its successors, the Exports Administrative Board and the War Trade Board, in li- censing commodities placed upon the controlled list by Presidential proclamation and gave advice regarding the interpretation and scope of the Trading With the Enemy Act, Records! In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, DOCK INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, MARINE AND, Shipping Board.—See MARINE AND DOCK INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION. DOCKS BUREAU, YARDS AND, Navy Department.—See YARDS AND DOCKS BUREAU, Navy Department, DOCKS COMMITTEE, PUBLIC WORKS, YARDS, AND, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. DOCKS SECTION, YARDS AND, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See SHIPYARD PLANTS DIVISION, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.— Established on March 5 and discontinued on December 27, 1918, Functions! To assure adequate supplies of oil to manufacturers of 136 war materials. Assisted the Highways Council in obtaining road oil. Recordsi Correspondence, record cards, and indexes in NA, DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, Operating Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—Established on June 14, 1918, as the Distribution Branch, Depot Division, On August 15 this Branch was abolished and its duties were transferred to the Domestic Dis- tribution and the Overseas Distribution Branches of the newly created Operating Division, The Domestic Distribution Branch was abolished on November 1, 1918, and its duties were transferred to the Domestic Distribution Division, Office of the Director of Pur- chase and Storage. Functionsi To control the stocks and movements of all quartermaster supplies' in this country except such supplies as were released to the Overseas Distribution Branch, Operating Division, Recordsi Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, DOMESTIC DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No, 19, October 28, 1918, Operated through both Subdivisions and Branches, Among the former were the Engineer, Medical, Ordnance, Quartermaster, and Signal Subdivisions. Among the latter were the Motors and Vehicles, Priority and Demobilisa- tion, and Vehicle and Harness Branches, Consolidated with the Overseas Supply Division to form the Supplies Division by Office Order No, 68, Office of the Director of Storage, of May 19, 1919# Functions: To have charge of the receipt of goods from centers of production and of the distribution of supplies to troops in this country. It released supplies needed to fill overseas requi- sitions, Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, DOMESTIC (INTERSTATE) QUARANTINE DIVISION, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To enforce laws and regulations for preventing the interstate spread of communicable diseases. Its chief war effort was the sanitating of extracantonment zones, shipyards, and munitions plants, in cooperation with the Division of Scientific Research, It also controlled public health activities in Government agencies. Records: Some for the war period are among those of the Service In NA, including reports of quarantine stations and records re- lating to sanitation. DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—On* October 19, 1918, the Operating Division of the Quartermaster General’s Office was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, where, by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1 of the same date, it was established as the Domestic Operations Division. The follow- ing Branches were established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 19 of October 28: Administrative; Engineers; Motor Transport; Signal; Quartermaster; Ordnance; Medical; Aircraft; Tank; and Chemical Warfare. It does not appear that any of these Branches was actually organized, but other subordinate units were active, such as the Inventory Branch and the krmy Reserve Depot, Cold Storage, and Service Subdivisions. In accordance with Purchase and Storage Notice No. 15 of May 13, 1919, this Division was con- solidated with the Storage Administrative Division to form the 137 Operations Control Division of the Storage Service. Functions; To have charge of the operations of general supply depots. Army reserve depots, and cold storage plants; to supervise fire and accident pre- vention; to be responsible for adherence to packing, boxing, baling, and marking standards; to be responsible for the installation of operating methods in depots under its supervision; and to provide storage space at interior points for Amy supply purposes. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. DOMESTIC RELATIONS SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Es- tablished about February 1, 1919, and still in existence when the Branch was transferred to the Administrative Branch of the Division about March 13, 1919. Functions: To maintain relations and conduct negotiations with Government and private organizations relative to the supply of the Army, Records: Whereabouts unknown. DOMESTIC WOOL SECTION, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Es- tablished at the beginning of 1919 under authority of Executive Order 3019A of December 31, 1918, which transferred powers of the Domestic Wool Section, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board, to the Bureau of Markets. Functioned in that Bureau imtil 1922, and thereafter in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Termi- nated in 1933. Operated in close administrative relation to the Fruit and Vegetable Division and after 1925 as part of that Division Functions: To complete the work of the Domestic Wool Section of the War Industries Board, particularly to audit reports and records of dealers in the 1918 wool clip, to collect excess profits made by such dealers, and to distribute such profits to the growers on whose wool they were made. Records: 1918-37 (209 feet, including those of its predecessor in the War Industries Board and those created under the Bureau of Agricultural Economics) in NA. Corre- spondence, schedules, dockets, and other papers relating to the work of the Section, and a "Final Report" on the Section (1933), by W, L, Evans, DOMESTIC WOOL SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,——Established about May 1, 1918, following a decision of the Government to purchase the entire 1918 domestic wool clip. Offi- cially designated the Wool Division, but also known as the Wool Section. Placed under the Textile and Rubber Division after the establishment ol that unit on June 3* 1918, and renamed the Domes- tic Wool Section, By Executive order of December 31, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Bureau of Markets, Department of Agriculture, Lewis Penwell, Chief, Functions: To issue regu- lations covering the handling of the wool clip of 1918, from the time it left the growers' hands until its delivery to approved manufacturers or to Government purchasing units, and to enforce such regulations by the licensing of dealers and other methods. Also to recover excess profits from dealers and return them to growers. Most of the latter work was performed after the transfer factions to the Department of Agriculture, Records: 1918 (50 feet, combined with those created in the Department of Agri- culture, total 209 feet) in NA, Correspondence, schedules, permit papers, and other records. References; Tter Industries Board American Industry in the War, 231-236. 383-387 (Washington, 1921); National Archives, Preliminary Inventory of the War Industries Board Records. 72-84 (1941. Processed), “ 138 DOUGLAS FIR EMERGENCY BUREAU.—See FIR PRODUCTION BOARD. DRAFT CLASSIFICATIONS AND TRANSFER BRANCH, Industrial Relations Di- vision, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated in the Industrial Service Section of the Division. Transferred to the Labor Supply Section upon the estab- lishment of the latter in October 1918. Functions: To administer the Emergency Fleet Corporation classification lists, and to arrange for deferred service classification for shipyard workers and the transfer of men skilled in shipbuilding trades from active military duty. Records: 1917-19 (4 feet) in NA. Include correspondence relating to draft exemptions and deferred classifications and lists of shipyard workers deferred from active military duty. Some rec- ords of the Branch have been destroyed. DRAFTING BRANCH, Engineering Section, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department*—Established some time after the organization of the Division in July 1917. Functions: To handle drafting work in connection with the construction of plants and machinery, to prepare progress and other charts, to make estimates on proposed work, and to have charge of industrial housing matters. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. DRAFTING DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Established about August 1917, Became the Draft- ing Section of the Civil Division upon the establishment of that Division late in 1918, Functions; To do drafting work for the Office, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. DRAFTING EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES SECTION, Miscellaneous and Office Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MISCELLA- NEOUS AND OFFICE SUPPLIES BRANCH. DRAFTING SECTION, Military Construction Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Established some time prior to February 24, 1919. Functions: To do drafting work for the Divi- sion, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, DREDGING SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Originated with the appointment of an Engineer of Dredging on February 3, 1918, al- though prior to this date the Corporation had cooperated with the Emergency Dredging Committee (of dredging contractors), and various engineers in the Shipyard Plants Division had handled dredging matters. The Dredging Section went out of existence on February 9, 1920, and its functions were turned over to the jurisdiction of the various district plant engineers. Functions: To coordinate the dredging work required under the shipping program, and to insure the allocation of sufficient dredging equipment to Corporation work without detriment to other war interests requiring similar equipment. Records: 1917-20 (6 feet) in NA, Include correspond- ence, reports, notes, and memoranda relating to the dredging operations of Corporation contractors, to dredging equipment, and to dredging contracts. DREDGING SECTION, War Industries Board,—Organized in September 1918j discontinued about December 4, 1918, Functions: To make a survey of dredging equipment and the dredging work carried on in the United 139 States* Records* Among those of the Board in NA, Included is general correspondence of the Section (1 foot)* DRIED FRUITS SECTION, CANNED AND, Canned Foods Division, Food Adminis- tration.—See CANNED FOODS DIVISION. DROP BOMBS BRANCH, Aircraft Armament Section, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department,—See TRENCH WARFARE SEC- TION, Engineering Division, DRUG ADDICTIONS SUBCOMMITTEE, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Formed on April 29, 1917} ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions: To make recom- mendations about the control of the drug trade. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA, DRUG, POISON, AND OIL PLANT INVESTIGATIONS OFFICE, Plant Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See PLANT INDUSTRY BUREAU. DRUGS AND MEDICINES BRANCH, Medical and Hospital Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War De- partment.—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES DIVISION, DRUGS AND MEDICINES SECTION, Medical and Hospital Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES BRANCH, DRUGS COMMITTEE, SYNTHETIC, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Divi- sion, National Research Council.—See SYNTHETIC DRUGS COMMITTEE. DRY CLEANING BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department,—Established on April 16, 1918, as the Dry Cleaning Branch, Reclamation Division, On April 22, it became part of the Conservation and Reclamation Division, Abolished on October 28, 1918, and its duties taken over by the Clothing Renovation Branch, Salvage Division, of the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functions: To supervise all Government-owned dry-cleaning plants at camps, posts, depots, and cantonments. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, DRY CLEANING SECTION, Repair Shops Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See REPAIR SHOPS BRANCH. DRYDOCK AND MARINE RAILWAY SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, —Originated with the appointment of an Engineer of Drydocks and Marine Railways in the Shipyard Plants Division in January 1918, The Section was established on September 21, 1918, and appears to have terminated on February 15, 1920, Functions: To inspect and approve sites for drydocks, marine railways, and repair plants} to investigate and make recommendations in connection with the nego- tiation of contracts for drydocks, marine railways, and repair plants, and to make such contracts} and to supervise the construc- tion, extension, and improvement of drydocks, marine railways, and 140 vessel repair plants. Recordsi 1917-23 (80 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, charts, blueprints, drawings, statistical tables, notes, and memoranda relating to the construction of graving docks, floating drydocks, and marine railways. There are also some photographs of drydock construction. DRY DOCKS SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department .—Estab- lished in October 1917, taking over functions from the Marine Corps, Fuel Oil, and Radio Section. Functions! Responsible for the con- struction and maintenance of drydock facilities, including the supervision of contracts and allotments and the administration of all details connected with the installation of docks and accessories. Records! Among the general files of the Bureau in NA, DUST EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION DEPARTMENT, Crop Experts Office, Grain Corporation.—See CROP EXPERTS OFFICE. DYES AND INTERMEDIATES SECTION, ARTIFICIAL, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board,—See ARTIFICIAL DYES AND INTERMEDIATES SECTION. DYES SECTION, TANNING MATERIALS AND NATURAL, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—See TANNING MATERIALS AND NATURAL DYES SECTION, DYESTUFFS AND TEXTILES SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemistry Committee, National Research Council.—See CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES AND FABRICS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division. 141 E EASTERN RAILROADS COAL CAR POOL, Operation Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Originally created in December 1917 as part of the Com- mission on Car Service of the Railroads' War Board, and probably transferred to the Railroad Administration on February 6, 1918, when the Car Service Section was established. Probably terminated with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To control the distribution of open-top cars (except coke cars) belonging to rail- roads in the Eastern, Allegheny, and Pocahontas Regions. Records: Whereabouts unknown. ECONOMIC COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—On January 27, 1919, the Council of Ten established an Economic Drafting Committee of five members, comprised of one representative from each of the Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan). This Committee functioned until March 1, 1919, when the Council re- placed it with the Economic Commission, a much larger body. Two representatives from each of the Great Powers and one each from Belgium, Brazil, China, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, and Serbia served on the Commission. The work was divided among seven to nine sub- commissions. American members, Bernard M. Baruch (formerly a mem- ber of the Economic Drafting Committee) and Thomas W. Lamont. Georges Cleraentel, President. Functions: To prepare economic clauses for incorporation in the peace treaties. The Commission considered such matters as commercial relations, shipping, indus- trial and private property, and debts. Records; Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negoti- ate Peace. References: Bernard M. Baruch, The Making of the Repa- ration and Economic Sections of the Treaty, 81-90 (New York [1920])j H. W. V, Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p. 502, vol. 5, ,p. 52-53, 55 (London, 1920-21); Andr6 Tardieu, The Truth About the Treaty, 92 (Indianapolis [1921]). ECONOMIC COUNCIL, SUPREME.—See SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL. ECONOMIC DIVISION, Federa). Trade Conmission.—In existence prior to the war. Functions; To make surveys of industrial conditions and investigations of concerns and industries, including, during the war period, inquiries into production costs of commodities. Rec- ords; 1915-32 (1,538 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, memo- randa, schedules, tabulations, reports, and other papers pertain- ing to investigations of corporations, industries, and conmodities. ECONOMIC DRAFTING COMMITTEE, Peace Conference .—See ECONOMIC COMMIS- SION. ECONOMIC INVESTIGATIONS DIVISION, Biological Survey Bureau, Agricul- ture Department.—See BIOLOGICAL SURVEY BUREAU. ECONOMIC LIAISON COMMITTEE.—Originated in a communication addressed early in 1919 by the Secretary of State to the heads of other Fed- eral agencies that dealt directly or indirectly with questions of foreign trade, inviting each to designate a liaison officer to 142 meet one or more days each week in the Office of the Foreign Trade Adviser of the Department of State. The suggestion was adopted and on ? plan and construct depots. Records; Probably among those of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in NA. ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH, MACHINERY AND, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH. 162 ENGINEERING MATERIALS DIVISION, MACHINERY AND, Purchase Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS DIVISION. ENGINEERING RESEARCH DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department.— Probably organized in 1914-. Succeeded by the Engineering Physics Division in 1920. Functions: To conduct research on various scien- tific problems connected with the creation and use of standards. Dur- ing the war it investigated and tested instruments for the air serv- ices of the War and Navy Departments and cooperated with the National Advisory Coraaittee for Aeronautics, the Aircraft Production Bureau, and airplane manufacturers. Records: In the National Bureau of Standards. ENGINEERING SCHOOLS, NAVIGATION AND, Recruiting Service, Shipping Board.— See NAVIGATION AND ENGINEERING SCHOOLS. ENGINEERING SCHOOLS RELATION TO THE GOVERNMENT SUBCOMMITTEE, University Section, Engineering and Education Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION cdlfQTTEE. ENGINEERING SECTION, Aeronautics Division, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—Established on June 1, 1917j functions transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics in 1921. Functions; To design or approve the design of the power-plant installations and power-plant accesso- ries on aircraft, for balloon gas equipment, and for experimental and developmental work. Records; With those of the Aeronautics Bureau in NA. ENGINEERING SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established during the latter part of 1917. Included Drafting and Safety Branches, Functions; To handle all matters relating to the engineering problems of the Division and matters relating to safety and accident prevention work within the plants of the Division. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. ENGINEERING SECTION, Steel Ship Construction Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See TECH- NICAL SECTION, Ship Construction Division. ENGINEERING SECTION, ELECTRICAL, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See ELECTRICAL ENGI- NEERING SECTION. ENGINEERING SECTION, ELECTRICAL, Engineering Division, National Research Council.—See ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SECTION, ENGINEERING SECTION, PLANNING AND, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See PLANNING AND ENGINEERING SECTION. ENGINEERING SECTION, SANITARY, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See SANITARY ENGINEERING SECTION. ENGINEERS, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF, War Department.—Established in 1818 to supervise the activities of the Corps of Engineers of the Army. During the war its subordinate organizations included the following: Civil Division, Civil Works Branch, Finance Division, Fortification Division, General Engineer Depot, Military Branch, Military Construc- tion Division, Military Railways Director General's Office, Public 163 Buildings and Grounds Office, and Troop Division. Its civil engineer- ing functions include jurisdiction over river and harbor improvements; until 1925 they also included jurisdiction over public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia, Functions 1 To be responsible for the engineering work of the War Department, exclusive of those duties entrusted to separate organizations (such as the Construction Division); to procure and supervise the operations of engineering personnel and to procure engineering materials; arid to advise the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of War on engineering matters. Rec- ords? 1866-1931 (4,332 feet) in NA. Those for the central office (1894-1923) include general correspondence and related record cards, procurement and production files, and a “military" decimal file. References; Office of the Chief of Engineers, Annual Reports. 1917- 21; W. Stull Holt, The Office of the Chief of Engineers of the Army (Baltimore, 1923). ENGINEERS BOARD, War Department.—A 'permanent board of officers desig- nated by the Chief of Engineers with the sanction of the Secretary of War. Functions; To act in an advisory capacity to the Chief of Engineers upon important questions of engineering, particularly in connection with the preparation of designs for the various structures and devices required in the military engineering service. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, Services of Supply, War De- partment. ENGINEERS BOARD, SURVEY AND CONSULTING, Shipping Board.—See SURVEY AND CONSULTING ENGINEERS BOARD. ENGINEERS BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, 7Var Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERA- TIONS DIVISION. ENGINEERS COMMITTEE, Fuel Administration.—Organized early in January 1918. Submitted its final report to the United States Fuel Adminis- trator on July 1, 1919.. Cyrus Gamsey, Jr., Chairman. Functions; To study and report upon methods of price fixing and to prepare and submit cost data to the Fuel Administrator so as to assist him in fixing cost prices for the entire country. Among other activities the Committee studied and reported upon applications for revisions of prices and made many special investigations and reports. Records; With those of the Fuel Administration in NA. References; Fuel Ad- ministration, Report of Engineers Committee. 1918-1919 (Washington, 1919); George P. Adams, Jr., Wartime Price Control. 47-49 (Washing- ton, 1942). ENGINEERS CORPS.—See ENGINEERS, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF, War Depart- ment. ENGINEERS DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Organized in the Division in December 1918, be- coming a Department in May 1919. On February 1, 1920, it was merged with other departments to form the Supervisors and Supercargo Section of the Operating Department, Operations Division. Functions; To supervise all engineer officers and to check the work of the engineer sections on Shipping Board vessels. Records; 1918-20 (2$ feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports concerning engineer officers and sup- plies on vessels. 164 ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS BOARD, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established under authority of an act of June 13, 1902. Functions} To report upon examinations and surveys provided for by Congress and upon projects and changes in projects relating to rivers and harbors. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engi- neers, Services of Supply, War Department. Correspondence relating to its cooperation with the Shipping Board in matters pertaining to port and harbor facilities after December 1, 1919, is among the rec- ords of the Shipping Board in NA. ENGINEERS’ SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9, October 25, 1918, there was established an Engi- neer Branch in this Division. In a reorganization of November 22, 1918, this Branch became the Engineers' Subdivision. In existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions: To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of Corps of Engineers supplies through ports of embarka- tion for the American Expeditionary Forces, and to regulate the move- ment of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. ENGINES DEPARTMENT, Production Division, Aircraft Production Bureau. War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. ENGRAVING AND PRINTING BUREAU, Treasury Department.—Created in 1862. Functions: To supply all the major, and most of the minor, evidences of a financial character now issued by the United States or under its authority. During the war the production of such evidences was greatly increased. Records: In the Treasury Department. References: Laurence F. Schmeckebier, The Bureau of Engraving and Printing. 3-15 (Baltimore, 1929). ENLISTED DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department.—Estab- lished in 1898 as the Enlisted Men's Division of the Record and Pen- sion Office, In 1917, its name was changed to Enlisted Division. Functions: To administer the records, correspondence, and other business pertaining to the enlisted personnel of the Army, including the conduct of correspondence and other work incident to recruiting, and the preparation of orders and the conduct of correspondence re- lating to the assignment, transfer, and discharge of enlisted men. Records: In The Adjutant General's Office. ENLISTED MEN SECTION, ORGANIZATION AND, Personnel Division, Military Branch, Engineer Chief's Office, War Department.—See ORGANIZATION AND ENLISTED MEN SECTION. ENLISTED PERSONNEL DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Originated as the Enlisted Personnel Sec- tion, Equipment and Operations Division, about July 8, 1916. By an office order of September 6, the Section became a Division of the Military Branch. It became a Section of the Troop Division upon the establishment of the latter some time prior to February 2Z, 1919. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to enlisted personnel. Rec- ords ; Probably with those of the Office in NA, ENLISTED PERSONNEL DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department.- See NAVIGATION BUREAU. 165 ENLISTED PERSONNEL SECTION, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created previous to 1918 as the Personnel Division, which operated directly tinder the Chief of Ordnance. Trans- ferred on January 14, 1918, to the General Administration Bureau as its Enlisted Personnel Section, On May 25, 1918, it was attached to the Administration Division, Included the following Branches: As- signments, Transfers, Travel Orders, and Promotions; Examining; Gener- al Administration; Recruiting; and Regular Army. Functions: To con- trol the recruiting, examining, assigning, and training of all en- listed personnel under the jurisdiction of the Chief of Ordnance, and to keep records of enlisted personnel, including qualification records and a vocational census. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ENLISTED PERSONNEL SECTION, Personnel Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—A permanent unit of the Division. Functions: To handle all matters relating to enlisted personnel of the Medical De- partment, including administrative control of their appointment, pro- motion, and assignment to stations. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ENLISTED PERSONNEL SECTION, Troop Division, War Department.—See EN- LISTED PERSONNEL DIVISION, Military Branch. ENTERTAINMENT COUNCIL, MILITARY, Training Camp Activities Conmission War Department.--See MILITARY ENTERTAINMENT COUNCIL. ENTOMOLOGY BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—An agency dating from the appointment of an entomologist in 1863. In 1878 a Division of Ento- mology was established, which received bureau status on July 1, 1904. On July 1, 1934, the Bureau was merged with the Bureau of Plant Quar- antine to form the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Func- tions : During the war, the Bureau's regular functions of studying and investigating the history, habits, and economic effects and methods of prevention and destruction of injurious insects and the more effi- cient use of beneficial ones were continued but directed toward the war effort. It sought to stimulate food production by an insect- reporting service, insect-eradication projects, and a Nation-wide campaign to increase honey production and by aiding in the conserva- tion and distribution of the limited supplies of arsenic available for insecticides. It cooperated with the military forces in inspect- ing food supplies and furnished information relative to insect damage to lumber and stored wooden implements. It cooperated with the Surgeon General's Office of the War Department in testing insect remedies, in investigating problems connected with the body louse, and in perfecting laundry processes to control vermin. In coopera- tion with the Chemical Warfare Section, it experimented with proposed methods for the utilization of gases used in warfare as fumigants. Records; 1378-1924 (371 feet) in NA. Those for the war period in- clude central correspondence files. Letters relating to war activi- ties are not filed separately, but those filed under the headings "War" and "Navy" are particularly pertinent. Significant findings of the insect-reporting service were reproduced in a monthly bulletin entitled "Emergency Entomological Service," and a record of Bureau activities was included in a "Monthly Letter," copies of which are in NA. • References; Gustavus A. Weber, The Bureau of Entomology. 50-52 (Washington, 1930), ENTOMOLOGY DEPARTMENT, Army Medical Museum, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. 166 EPIDEMIOLOGY SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See INFECTIOUS DISEASES SECTION. EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Established about April 6, 1917 and operated through the following Sections: Fortifications and Cablegrams, General Equipment, and Military Mapping. By an office circular of July 8, 1918, it was divided into two new Divisions: Equipment and Operations and Fortification and Mapping, while some duties were assigned to the Military Construction Divisibn. Func- tions; To supervise the procurement of enlisted men and the train- ing of engineer troops, engineer military operations in connection with seacoast fortifications and military mapping, the preparation of tables of organization, and the procurement of military engineer equipment and supplies. Records; Probably among those of the Of- fice in NA, EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Created by an office circular of July 8, 1918, to assume most of the dutifes formerly assigned to the Equipment and Construction Division except those relating to mapping and fortifications. Included the following Sections: En- listed Personnel, Mechanical Reproduction, and Military Publications Its functions were taken over by the Equipment Section in the Troop Division some time prior to February 24, 1919. Functions: To supervise the procurement of enlisted men and the training of engi- neer troops, and to supervise engineer military operations in con- nection with projects other than fortifications and mapping. Rec- ords; Probably among those of the Office in NA. EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about January 15, 1918; abolished about September 5, 1918, when Supply Circular No, 87 transferred its functions to the Quartermaster Corps. Functions; To handle the purchase of automotive equipment for the Ordnance De- partment. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Operations Division, General Staff, War Department.'— Established in February 1918. Functions; To approve designs and types of equipment and to perform related research; to supervise the distribution of all equipment and to determine priorities in such distribution; and to deal with questions of camp sites and construc- tion. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. EQUIPMENT DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.— See PROCUREMENT DIVISION. EQUIPMENT DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on April 15, 1917, to take over some of the functions formerly per- formed by the Small Arms and Equipment Division, Operated through the following Sections; Aluminum and Mess Equipment, Central Of- fice, Cleaning and Preserving Materials, Contract, Control, Hard- ware, Inspection, Leather, Leather Equipment, Record, Textile, Textile Equipment, and Traffic. On January 14, 1918, most of the duties of the Division were transferred to the Equipment Section of the Procurement Division. Functions; To be responsible for the procurement of all personal and horse equipment. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. 167 EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SECTION, Laundries Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See LAUNDRIES BRANCH. EQUIPMENT SECTION, Engineer Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See ENGINEER SUBDIVISION. EQUIPMENT SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 19, 1918. Functions} To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with personal and horse equipment, including helmets, mess equipment, harnesses, pack outfits, blacksmiths' and saddlers' tools, and cleaning and preserving mate- rials. Records ; Probably among those of the Office in NA. EQUIPMENT SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized in January 1918, when it assumed most of the duties of the Equipment Division. Functioned through the following Branches} General Administration, Textile, Leather, Mess Equipment and Metal Equipment, Preserving and Cleaning fluids. Leather Equip- ment, Textile Equipment, Packing Box, Record, and Office Organ!zation. Functions} To handle all negotiations involved in the purchase of personal equipment for infantry and personal and horse equipment for cavalry and field artillery, including all finished equipment in which leather or textiles were the principal materials used. Records} Probably among those of the Office in NA. EQUIPMENT SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized early in 1918. Operated through the follow- ing Branches} Administration, Manufacturing, Material, and Statisti- cal. Abolished on October 23, 1918. Functions: To supervise and regulate the production of personal and horse equipment. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. EQUIPMENT SECTION, Troop Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers. ESTIMATES AND APPORTIONMENTS DIVISION, Finance Service, War Depart- ment.—Established on November 13, 1918. Functioned through the Executive, Estimates, and Apportionments Branches. Functions; To keep records pertaining to all financial estimates and apportionments of appropriations; to correct and revise the estimates furnished to the Director of Finance by the other bureaus of the War Department; and to apportion appropriations, allot them to the various distribut- ing and disbursing officers, and furnish information concerning the allotments to the Funding Division, Records: In the War Department, ESTIMATES AND REQUIREMENTS DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment .—Established on May 25, 1918, by Office Order No. 202, taking over various functions from the Control Bureau, which was abolished by the same order. It operated through several Sections, including the following; Appropriation, Complaint and External Re- lations, Executive, General Administration, Planning, Progress, Proj- ect, and Requirements. Abolished on December 10, 1918, by Office Order No. 453« Some of its personnel were transferred to the reor- ganized operating divisions of the Office and some to other Govern- ment agencies, and those not so transferred formed the nucleus of the 168 Statistical Section of the Administration Division, Functions} Among other duties, to prepare estimates and schedules of require- ments of ordnance materials; to deal with the General Staff or other authorities in matters connected with requirements; to receive re- ports covering the progress of the Ordnance Department in procuring, producing, inspecting, and supplying ordnance material; to compile statistics based on these reports; and to follow up and report prog- ress on projects. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. ESTIMATES SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War De- partment.—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Became with its superior agency a part of the Construction Division on March 13, 1918, Functions: To prepare estimates of costs and bills of materials for the construc- tion work of the Division. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. ETHYL ALCOHOL SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board,— Formed on May 1, 1918, taking over functions pertaining to ethyl alcohol from the Sulphur, Alcohol, and Pyrites Section. Discontinued on December yi, 1918. Functions: To regulate the production, distri- bution, and use of ethyl alcohol, and to promote the use of alcohol manufactured from molasses. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. EUROPE, AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION TO, Agriculture Department.—See AGRI- CULTURAL COMMISSION TO EUROPE. EUROPEAN CHILDREN1S FUND.—See AMERICAN RELIEF AEMBIISTRATION EUROPEAN CHILDREN'S FUND. EUROPEAN COAL COMMISSION.—See COAL MISSION, American Relief Adminis- tration. EUROPEAN DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation,—Established July 1, 1919, when it took over the functions of the Miscellaneous Commodities De- partment and the Belgian Department. Terminated in June 1920, Func- tions ; To coordinate and handle transactions in noncereal commodi- ties purchased and shipped for various American relief organizations operating in Europe. Records; 1918-20 (AO feet, including those transferred by the two predecessor agencies) in NA. Include purchase, sale, and shipping records. References: Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War. 398-A19 (New York, 1928), EUROPEAN DIVISION, Chemical Warfare Service, War Department.—Began with the creation of a Gas Service as a part of the American Expedi- tionary Forces on September 3> 1917. With the formation of the Chemical Warfare Service on June 28, 1918, the Gas Service was re- organized on an enlarged scale into the European (or Overseas) Divi- sion, which was also known as the Chemical Warfare Service, A. E, F, In this reorganization the work of this Division was divided among Offensive, Defensive, Technical, Intelligence, and Production and Supply Divisions and, in addition, various auxiliary administrative offices. Functions; To carry out all phases of gas warfare activi- ties in connection with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. Records; In the War Department. EUROPEAN WAR REQUIREMENTS SECTION, Mining Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See MINING DIVISION. 169 EXAMINEDG BOARD, PERMANENT, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— See PERMANENT EXAMINING BOARD. EXCESS PROFITS TAX ADVISERS BOARD, Internal Revenue Bureau, Treasury Department.—Created by the Secretary of the Treasury in November 1917, Composed of men of wide professional and business experience, who were recruited from outside the Government to represent public opinion in the administration of the excess-profits tax law. Func- tions : To assist the Bureau of Internal Revenue in the interpreta- tion and administration of the excess-profits tax law, and to issue regulations and establish procedures for such administration after hearings and conferences. Records: In the Chief Counsel's Office, Internal Revenue Bureau, and in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in charge of internal revenue matters. EXCESS PROFITS TAX REVIEWERS, Internal Revenue Bureau, Treasury Depart- ment.—Created in December 1917 by the Secretary of the Treasury. Reviewers comprised former excess-profits tax advisers, expert ac- countants, and experienced employees of the Bureau. Functions: To review returns of excess-profits taxpayers whose legal status made accurate assessment difficult. Records: In the Income. Tax Unit, Internal Revenue Bureau, EXCESS PROFITS TAXES SECTION, ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING AND, War Min- erals Investigations, Hines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. EXECUTIVE SECTION, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on June 27, 1918, by Division Order No. 77, and included the following Branches; Artillery Ammunition and Trench Warfare; Cannon and Small Arms; District Office; Explosives and Load- ing; Gauge; Instruments, Machinery, and Container; Metallurgical; Methods and Information; Motor and Carriage; Overseas Liaison; Person- nel; Proving Grounds; and Small Arms Ammunition. Functions: To deter- mine policies and to exercise general supervision over the work of the Division; to obtain and assign personnel for the Division; to supervise technical matters and to handle such matters not susceptible of delegation to other sections; to develop methods of procedure; and to maintain liaison between the Inspection Division and other agencies. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. EXEMPT!® OF SKILLED LABORERS COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Authorized by the War Labor Policies Board on May 29, 1918. Its first meeting was held on June 18, and it probably terminated in July. Functions: To pass upon the withdrawal of skilled laborers from the Army or from the operation of the Selective Service Act for assignment to work in war industries, and to determine the allotment of such skilled laborers among the various fields of production. Records: Interfiled among those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of-meetings of the Committee. EXPEDITIONARY CABLE BRANCH, Methods Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See TELEGRAPH AND CABLE BRANCH Administration Division. EXPEDITIONARY FLOUR DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in July 1918; terminated in March 1919. Before and after this period similar functions were performed by the Flour Department. Functions; To handle transactions of the "expeditionary flour program," that is, 170 the purchase of wheat flour for consignment to the American Expedi- tionary Forces and to various American service men's organizations operating abroad, such as the Salvation Army and the Y. M. C. A. Records: 1918-19 (14- feet) in NA. Purchase, sales, and shipping records, consisting chiefly of correspondence, vouchers, and invoices. Related papers are among the records of the Flour Department. EXPERIMENT STATIONS OFFICE, States Relations Service, Agriculture De- partment,—Created pursuant to an act of March 3, 1887. Transferred on July 1, 1915, to the States Relations Service. Given independent status on July 1, 1923. Functions: During the war, to facilitate cooperation among experiment stations for studying special wartime problems; to promote agricultural production by supplying information to farmers and extension workers concerning the best use and cultiva- tion of the soil, the conservation of water and goil resources, the best utilization of fertilizers, and ways of combating injurious in- fluences such as disease and insect pests; and to promote the conserva tion of agricultural products by supplying information on practices to prevent loss in transit and storage and on the development of sub- stitutes in food and feed. Records; Those in NA (1887-1932, 180 feet) include administrative and technical correspondence and records of some experiment stations (see INSULAR STATIONS DIVISION). Other records are in the Agriculture Department. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Organized at the outbreak of the war and still in existence. Functions; In charge of the preliminary design, specification, manu- facture, and procurement of such experimental ordnance materials and devices as might from time to time be assigned. Also in charge of the design, specification, manufacture, and procurement of gas masks and similar protective devices and of noxious gases and poisons. Records; In the Navy Department. EXPLOSIVE BRANCH, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created in the latter part of 1917; transferred with the Section to the Engineering Bureau by Gun Division Order No. 58 on January 17, 1918. Functions; To specify the various explosives to be used in ammunition. Records; Probably among those of the Of- fice in NA, EXPLOSIVE UNIT, Technical Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See TECHNICAL BRANCH. EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIVES' MATERIAL COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNI- TIONS COUNCIL. EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated about June 15, 1917, as the Powder and Explosives Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division. Transferred to the Inspection Division on January 14, 1918, at about which time some of its functions were transferred to the newly created Explosives Section of the Procurement Division. It was functioning on March 1, 1918, as the Explosives Section of the Inspection Division and included the following Branches; Car- tridge Bags; Loading; Powder and Explosives; Raw Materials; and Technological. At the time of the armistice it was in existence as the Explosives and Loading Branch, Executive Section, and functioned through the following Groups; Bag Loading; Ballistic Training; Chernl cal Process; Chemical Supervisory; Loading; Morgan Salvage Depot; and Powder and Explosives. Functions; To supervise the inspection of 171 chemicals, explosives, powders, and pyrotechnic mixtures and the loading of ammunition with these materials. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—Originated in the Explosives Section of the Production Divi- sion, created on April 27, 1918. This Section included a Loading Branch, which became the Loading Section on July 10. On November 6, 1918, the Explosives Section was consolidated with the Loading Sec- tion to form the Explosives and Loading Division* Functions: To control and supervise the production and loading of explosives. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. EXPLOSIVES BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on September 20, 1917; transferred to the Procurement Division by Gun Division Order No. 57 of January 13, 1918. Functions: To handle business negotiations connected with the purchase of explosive articles and accessories, except raw mate- rials and packing containers. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. EXPLOSIVES BRANCH, CHEMICAL LOADING AND, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. EXPLOSIVES COMMITTEE, ORDNANCE AND, Naval Consulting Board, Navy De- partment.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. EXPLOSIVES DIVISION, War Industries Board,—Formed on June 1, 1918, in part succeeding the Chemicals and Explosives Division of the Board. Discontinued on December 12, 1918. Functions: To clear ex- plosives contracts and provide for supplies of raw material for the manufacture of explosives. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. EXPLOSIVES DIVISION, CHEMICALS AND, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Council of National Defense,—See CHEMICALS DIVISION, War Industries Board. EXPLOSIVES INVESTIGATIONS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Appointed at the request of the Secretaries of War and the Navy on July 1, 1918, and terminated in June 1928. Composed of representatives of the War and Navy Depart- ments and the War Industries Board, with Charles E. Munroe as Chair- man. Worked closely with the Committees on Explosibility of Ammonium Compounds, Neuman Bands, and Publication of War Data and Information. Functions; Among its activities it surveyed investigations and re- search projects relating to explosives and kept in touch with their progress; transmitted such information to the War and Navy Depart- ments; and brought to the attention of those Departments the proposals for supplementary investigations made by civilians, industrial compa- nies, Government agencies, and universities. It also gave attention to the Utilization of surplus war explosives, served as a source of information for other Government agencies, and acted as a medium for the interchange of information and publications between such agencies and officials and specialists in,certain foreign countries. Records; 1918-28 (3 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, memoranda, abstracts, translations, and special data files. EXPLOSIVES INVESTIGATIONS FOR ARMY AND NAVY SECTION, Mining Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Established in 1913 and continued 172 throughout the war. Functions: To test the physical properties of explosives at the request of the War and Navy Departments. Records: Probably in the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bureau, Explosives and Miscellaneous Investigations. 89-90 (Bulletin 178D. Washington, 1919). EXPLOSIVES REGULATION DIVISION, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.— Organized on November 1, 1917, under authority of an act of October 6, for the regulation of explosives and their ingredients, . The act was administered by a field force of over 15,000 men, all appointive officers of whom less than one percent received salaries. Operated through the following Sections: Administrative and Policy-Forming; Examination and Licensing of Field Employees; Licensing of Manufac- turers, Exporters, and Importers; Investigation and Prosecution of Violations; and Construction and Location of Magazines, The Divi- sion was given regulatory powers over certain minerals essential to explosives under an act of July 1, 1.918. Restrictions on minerals and some commodities were removed by the Director on November 14, 1918, and all powers except certain licensing authority under the acts mentioned were rescinded by an act of July 19, 1919. The Ex- plosives Regulation Act of October 6, 1917, was rendered inoperative by joint resolution of Congress of March 3, 1921 (approved March 9), but the power to regulate explosives during war periods granted by that act remains in the Mines Bureau. Functions; To regulate the manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or possession of ex- plosives and their ingredients, and to limit the sale, possession, and use of platinum, palladium, and iridium and compounds thereof. After the war, the Division supervised the distribution of surplus stocks of trinitrotoluene (TNT) for use by Government agencies and investigated complaints of bomb outrages and improper storage of explosives. It cooperated with the Explosives Investigations Com- mittee of the National Research Council and with the Department of Justice, to‘which disloyalty cases were referred. Re cords; 1917- 21 (108 feet) in NA. Include reports and hearings concerning the passage of the Explosives Regulation Act; reports of violations of the act; general correspondence; inspectors’ reports on explosions, fires, and accidents; reports on explosives tests; lists of explo- sives manufacturers; reports of investigations of bombing incidents; records of magazine inspections; and material relating to post-war activities. Other records are believed to be in the Mines Bureau and in the files of the Pittsburgh Experiment Station. References; Mines Bureau, Explosives and Miscellaneous Investigations. 92-96 (Bulletin 178D. Washington, 1919). EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Established on January 19, 1918. Functions: To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with powders, cartridge bags, cartridge storage cases, and the packing and ship- ment of propelling charges for separate loading ammunition; to handle the engineering problems relating to explosives and their components and the adaptation of various explosives to shells, grenades, and other carriers, except small arms ammunition; and to have charge of the explosives laboratory for experimental research work and of problems of interior ballistics. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive Section. EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated about June 15, 1917, in work performed by 173 the Powder and Explosives Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Established in the Procurement Division on January 15, 1918, and took over some of the functions of this Branch. Functions: To handle business negotiations connected with the purchase of explo- sive articles, except the raw materials used in the manufacture of explosives, boxes, or other packing containers. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING DIVISION. EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Supplies Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engi- neers, War Department.—See SUPPLIES DIVISION. EXPLOSIVES SECTION, CHEMICALS AND, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See CHEMICALS AND EXPLOSIVES SECTION. EXPLOSIVES SECTION, INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS DUE TO, Lftning Divi- sion, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See MINING DIVISION. EXPORT COAL DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Organized in accordance with a resolu- tion adopted by the Shipping Board on May 5, 1919, and discontinued on February 1, 1920, when its functions were assumed by the Traffic Department. Also known as the Coal Export Department and the Ex- ports and Imports Department. Functions: To receive connutments from coal shippers and to allocate vessels for the shipment of coal Records; 1919-20 (7 feet) in NA. Correspondence, memoranda, and reports pertaining to coal affreightment contracts, the allocation of cargo space to foreign trade, and the organization and adminis- tration of the Department. EXPORT DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—See WHEAT DEPARTMENT EXPORT DEPARTMENT, Milling Division, Food Administration,—Organized in October 1917. Terminated with the closing of the New York of- fice in July 1918. Functions; To cooperate with the Grain Corpo- ration and the Wheat Export Co. (the representative of the Royal Commission on Wheat Supplies) in handling all wheat flour exports for "agreement mills," and with the War Trade Board regulating shipments from jobbers and exporters to neutral countries; and to allot to the nine milling divisions all Army, Navy, and Marine Corps requisitions for flour supplies. Records; 1917-18 (19 feet) in NA. Correspondence, invoices and shipping records. Grain Cor- poration contracts, and reports on export quotas. EXPORT DISTRIBUTION SUBSECTION, Clothing and Equipage Section, Com- modity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SECTION. EXPORT LICENSE SECTION, Lubricants and Foreign Requirements Bureau Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See LUBRICANTS AND FOREIGN REQUIREMENTS BUREAU. EXPORT LICENSES DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Com- merce Department.—Established to carry out provisions of the 174 Espionage Act of June 15 and of Executive Order No. of June 22, 1917, Functions transferred on August 21 by Executive Order No. 2687-A to the Exports Administrative Board, which was in turn succeeded by the War Trade Board on October 12, 1917. Functions: To issue licenses for exports to foreign countries, to collect data as to the character of shippers and consignees, and to analyze international trade in commodities having war significance. Aided by the District Offices Division in gathering applications for li- censes from exporters. Records: 1917 (combined with those of the Exports Administrative Board and the War Trade Board, total 7,831 feet) in the State Department. EXPORT SALES SECTICW, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about October 1919. Still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions: To negoti- ate sales to foreign governments and foreign private purchasers. Records: Whereabouts unknown. EXPORT TRADE DEVISION, Federal Trade Conmission.—Created to make effective an act of April 10, 1918. On July 1, 1927, the Division became the Export Trade Section of the Legal Division, This Sec- tion is now in the Chief Counsel's Division. Functions; To invest! gate trade conditions in and with foreign countries that might af- fect the foreign trade of the United States, and to prevent the restraint of trade by act or agreement of associations formed under authority of an act to promote the export trade of the United States Records; In the Federal Trade Commission. EXPORTS ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD.—Created by an Executive order of August 21, 1917, to replace the Export Licenses Division of the Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau in the Comnerce Department. Composed of representatives of the’ Secretaries of State, Agricul- ture, and Conmerce, the Food Administrator, and the Shipping Board. Succeeded by* the War Trade Board on October 12, 1917. Vance McCormick, Chairman. Functions; To administer and execute the laws relating to the licensing of exports. No commodities on the prohibited lists could be exported without a license issued by the Board, Records; With those of the War Trade Board in the State Department. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See EXPORT COAL DEPARTMENT. EXPORTS BUREAU, War Trade Board.—Took over the duties of the Export Licenses Bureau of the Exports Administrative Board upon the estab- lishment of the War Trade Board on October 12, 1917. Worked in close cooperation with other units of the Board, such as the Re- search and Statistics and War Trade Intelligence Bureaus, and de- pended largely upon them for results. Maintained a corps of trade advisers and trade distributors, who considered licenses for export, and had branch offices at the chief ports of export. Transferred to the State Department on June 30, 1919. Functions: To consider and dispose of applications for licenses to export commodities from the United States. After February 1A, 1918, all exports of whatever commodity or destination required licenses and were with- in the jurisdiction of the Bureau, It cooperated with other Government agencies to bring about the conservation of commodities of which the supply was less than the demand and to prevent ex- ports of commodities that would benefit the enemy. It also ad- ministered the export features of provisions relative to the 175 rationing of supplies for the Allied and neutral countries and the measures intended to facilitate the movement of supplies for the Allies, the American Expeditionary Forces, and certain relief or- ganizations. Records: 1917-19 (5,384 feet) with those of the Board in the State Department, Include applications for export licenses, copies of export licenses issued, and correspondence. EXPORTS COMMITTEE, GOLD, Federal Reserve Board.—See GOLD EXPORTS COMMITTEE. EXPORTS COMMITTEE, MINERAL IMPORTS AND.—See MINERAL IMPORTS AND EX- PORTS COMMITTEE. EXPORTS CONTROL COMMITTEE,—Created jointly by the secretaries of War and the Navy and the Director General of Railroads on June 11, 1918, Composed of representatives of the War and Navy Departments, the Railroad Administration, the Shipping Control Committee of the Ship- ping Board, and traffic executives controlling Allied traffic. Maintained an office in New York with the Shipping Control Conraittee and worked in part through the Freight Traffic, North Atlantic Ports, Southern Export, California Export, and North Pacific Export Conmit- tees. Disbanded on March 1, 1919. Functions: To control the flow of export traffic for overseas use by the routing of freight through various ports. Records; Whereabouts unknown. EXPORTS COUNCIL.—Created by Executive orders of June 22 and August 21, 1917, under authority of the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917. Composed of the Secretaries of State, Agriculture, and Commerce and the Food Administrator. The last meeting of the Council was held on August 24, 1917. Functions; To formulate, for the con- sideration and approval of the President, policies to be carried out by the Export Licenses Division of the Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, and to made the recommendations necessary to carry out the purposes of export control. Records: Minutes of the Council are among the records of the War Trade Board in the State Department, EXPORTS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, War Trade Board.—Created on October 18, 1918, as a successor to the Contraband Committee. Functions: To act in an advisory capacity to the Director of the Bureau of Exports, and to audit all applications for import and export li- censes. Records: 1918-19 (combined with those of the Contraband Committee, total 12 feet) in the State Department. EXPOSITIONS BUREAU, WAR, Film Division, Public Information Committee.— See WAR EXPOSITIONS BUREAU. EXPRESS AND MAIL SECTION, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on July 10, 1918; probably discontinued with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To handle matters relating to the contract between the Administration and the American Railway Ex- press Co. and to mail and express transportation problems. Rec- ords; Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934. EXPRESS SHIPMENTS SECTION, Freight Traffic Branch, Rail Transporta- tion Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See FREIGHT TRAFFIC BRANCH. EXTENSION WORK OFFICE IN THE NORTH AND EAST, States Relations Serv- ice, Agriculture Department.—Transferred from the Bureau of Plant 176 Industry under an appropriation act of March 4, 1915, that estab- lished the States Relations Service. Given charge of extension work in 33 northern and western States. Functions: Cooperated with the Food Administration in conducting campaigns to increase wheat and com acreage; provided farmers with seed wheat and seed com and taught more economical methods of cultivation; and pro- moted home canning of food products and the conservation of fats, fuel, sugar, and clothing by practical demonstrations in homes and by training classes. Records: 1917-18 (40 feet) in NA. Include correspondence and annual narrative and statistical reports. EXTENSION WORK OFFICE IN THE SOUTH, States Relations Service, Agri- culture Department,—Transferred from the Plant Industry Bureau under an appropriation act of March 4, 1915, that established the States Relations Service. Given charge of the extension work in 15 southern States. Functions: Cooperated with the Food Adminis- tration in solving problems of food conservation and distribution arising from increased demands for food by the armed forces. Through home demonstration agents, instructed women in home can- ning of meats, fish, sea foods, and game, and in methods of can- ning, drying, and preserving fruits and vegetables. Through county and State extension agents, supervised the preserving of vegetables in community canneries and community drying plants. Records: 1917-18 (30 feet) in NA. Include correspondence and annual narra- tive and statistical reports. EXTERNAL RELATIONS AND DOMESTIC EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Domestic Distribu- tion Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office,- Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on February 14, 1919, by a con- solidation of the Emergency Issues and Domestic Equipment Branch with the sections of the Domestic Distribution Division that handled sales of equipment and supplies. In existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions: To have charge of sales of supplies and equipment to foreign governments. State militia, and Government departments; and to keep records of sales and ascertain when payment was received. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. EXTERNAL RELATIONS BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No, 86, September 5, 1918. Apparently inherited some of the functions of the Supply Program Section, Purchase and Supply Branch. Oper- ated through the following Sections: Allied Relations, Clearance, Conmodity, Domestic Relations, Price-Fixing, Priorities, and Re- quirements. Transferred to the Administrative Branch of the Divi- sion about March 13, 1919. Functions; To represent the Depart- ment in its relations with other organizations concerning the sup- ply of the Army. Records: Whereabouts unknown. EXTERNAL RELATIONS BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Pur- chase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on May 19, 1919, and discoritinued on January 26, 1920. Composed of three Sections: Foreign Sales, Domestic Sales, and Record. Functions; To handle sales of supplies to foreign governments. State militia, and Government departments. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. 177 EXTERNAL RELATIONS SECTION, Control Bureau, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See COMPLAINT AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS SECTION, Esti- mates and Requirements Division. EXTERNAL RELATIONS SECTION, Statistics and Requirements Branch, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,— See STATISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS BRANCH. 178 F FABRICS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES AND, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES AND FABRICS COMMITTEE. FACILITIES DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Formed on August 26, 1918; discontinued on November 23, 1918. Functions: To coordinate ac- tivities of all Government war construction work except shipbuild- ing (nonwar facilities were handled in the Priorities Division); after the signing of the armistice, to act as a clearinghouse for all information relating to contract adjustment, maintaining con- tact with the Department of Labor, Records: 1918 (21 feet segre- gated from the consolidated files of the Board) in NA. Correspond- ence, building-construction permits, papers relating to the cancela- tion of projects at the end of the war, and card records of projects cleared or rejected. FACILITIES NOW AUTHORIZED OR PROPOSED, BOARD TO REVIEW PROJECTS FOR NEW, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—A body of four mem- bers (three officers and one civilian) appointed on October 26, 1918, On November 15, 1918, its duties were taken over by the Claims Board. Functions; To review projects for new ordnance facilities, authorized or proposed, with the object of reporting such modifications of these projects as should appear after investi- gation to be advisable. Records; Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA, FAIR PRICE COMMITTEE FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF WHEAT.—Section 11 of the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917, provided for Government purchase and sale of wheat. Several days later the President appointed a Committee of 11 members, with H, A, Garfield as Chairman, "to determine a fair price to be paid in Government purchases" of this commodity. The work of the Committee was con- cluded when, on August 30» 1917, it submitted a report to the President, recommending that "the price on No. 1 Northern Spring wheat, or its equivalent, at Chicago, be $2,20 per bushel." The President accepted the recommendation. The Committee was also known as Wheat Fair Price Committee. Functions; As indicated above. Records: August 1917 (3 feet) in NA. Include minutes, correspondence, petitions, graphs, and charts. References: Fair Price Committee, Report, in Official U. S. Bulletin. August yi, 1917, p. 2, and also in William C, Uullendore, History of the United States Food Administration. 1917-1919. p. 127-129 (Stanford University, 1941); Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War. 64-75 (New York, 1928). FAR EASTERN DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Conmerce Bureau, Connerce Department.—Began functioning in 1916 without any definite status; formally organized in 1919 under an appropriation act of July 3* 1918. Succeeded by the Regional Information Division of the Bureau in 1926. Functions: To accumulate and distribute trade informa- tion about the Fhr East, prepare comprehensive surveys about mar- kets in that area, and promote trade relations. During the war 179 special studies requested by war agencies were prepared on shipping and particular phases of trade in the Pacific. Records: In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, FARM ENTERPRISES, HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF, Fkrm Management Office, Agriculture Department.—See HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FARM ENTER- PRISES. FARM EQUIPMENT CONTROL OFFICE, Agriculture Department.—Established in April 1918 with Junius T, Cook, Assistant to the Secretary, in charge. Cooperated with the Conservation Division of the War In- dustries Board, the Office of Public Roads, and the Office of Fbrm Management. Terminated at the close of the war. Functions: To insure to farmers, if possible, an adequate and continuous supply of farm machinery and equipment at reasonable costs; to assist the farm equipment industry in obtaining the requisite quantity of raw materials; to facilitate the shipment of such materials and the distribution of the finished product; to correct abuses over which the Food and Fuel Control Act gave power; and to carry out the pro- visions of a Presidential proclamation of May 14, 1918, which re- quired all individuals or firms engaged in importing, manufacturing, storing, or distributing farm equipment (except those excluded by the Food and Fuel Control Act) to obtain licenses from the Secretary of Agriculture. Records: In the files of the Bureau of Agricul- tural Chemistry and Engineering in the Agriculture Department and in those of the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering (4 feet) in NA. Related records in the correspondence files of the Secretary of Agriculture, also in NA, consist of letters filed under "National Defense" and "Machinery"; press copies of letters prepared by Junius T. Cook for the signature of the Secretary; and a report by Cook entitled “Summary of Work Done" (Oct, 23, 1918). References: Labor Statistics Bureau, Historical Studies of Wartime Problems Division, Fbrm Machinery: Demand and Supply. Price, and Govern- mental Regulation. 1917-1918 (Historical Study No, 28. Jan. 1942. Processed), FARM JOURNAL SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.— Organized in July 1917; terminated in the spring of 1919. Func- tions : To furnish a weekly syndicate service to farm journals in order to encourage improved methods of production and conservation of food. Records: 1917-19 (16 feet) in NA, Correspondence, press releases, clippings of articles supplied by the Section, and a file entitled "The Fbrm Press Periscope; a Reflection of Rural Senti- ment Towards the Food Administration, Based on Comments of Leading Farm Journals." FARM LABOR [PROJECT], ASSISTANCE IN SUPPLYING, Agriculture Depart- ment.—On April 24, 1917, the Agriculture and Labor Departments entered into an agreement for the cooperative mobilization of farm labor. The work of the Agriculture Department in this sphere originally was carried on with funds of the Fbrm Management Office, and subsequently with appropriations allotted to the Office of the Secretary. From May 1917 until the close of the project in July 1919, general supervision of the work was exercised by R. A. Pear- son, Clarence Ousley, and G. I, Christie, Assistant Secretaries. Immediate supervision was exercised by E. V. Wilcox of the Fbrm Management Office, under whose direction were four supervising farm help specialists, in charge of activities in different regions, and farm help specialists in the various States, with headquarters 180 at State agricultural colleges. Functions: To ascertain the farm labor needs of the country; in cooperation with the United States Employment Service, State agricultural colleges and experiment stations, councils of defense, commissioners of agriculture and labor, county agents, and community farm bureaus and committees, to aid in the distribution to farmers of experienced farm laborers and others recruited for farm work; and to direct discharged soldiers and sailors back to the farms. Records: 1918-23 (9 feet) in NA. Include press copy books of outgoing letters of Assistant Secre- taries Pearson, Ousley, and Christie; correspondence, memoranda, reports, and other papers filed under "Advisory Committee," "Farms, "Labor," "National Defense (5)," and "Reconstruction,” in the gen- eral subject correspondence files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture for 1917-20 and 1923; notes, manuscripts, reports, schedule forms, and circular letters in the Farm Management Office "manuscript files"; and correspondence and papers of farm help specialists in the Ekrm Management Office "farm help work files," 1917. FARM LABOR SECTION, EMERGENCY, Public Service Reserve, Employment Service, Labor Department,--See EMERGENCY FARM LABOR SECTION. FARM LOAN BOARD, FEDERAL, Treasury Department. —See FEDERAL FARM LOAN BOARD. FARM MANAGEMENT OFFICE, Agriculture Department.—Established formally in 1905. Placed in the Office of the Secretary in 1913. In 1919 reorganized as the Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics, which was made an independent unit within the Department in 1920. Merged on July 1, 1922, with the Bureau of Markets and Crop Esti- mates to form the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Functions: To increase the output of foodstuffs by providing information con- cerning costs of agricultural production to agencies engaged in stimulating such production, by fostering more effective utiliza- tion of farm machinery, and by providing immediate direction for the Assistance in Providing Farm Labor project in the Office of the Secretary. To prepare for The Inquiry and, subsequently, for the American delegation to the Peace Conference information con- cerning the agriculture of the territories involved in the peace negotiations. Records: The correspondence of the Office for the period prior to 1919 has disappeared. However, scattered items (1 1/2 feet) relating to the war work of the agency are in NA among the manuscript files of the Office (1903-20), as well as in the general subject files of the Office of the Secretary of Agri- culture, FARM PRODUCTS PROJECT, MOTOR TRANSPORTATION OF, Markets Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—See MOTOR TRANSPORTATION OF FARM PRODUCTS PROJECT. FARM RESERVE DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—See FARM SERVICE DIVISION. FARM SERVICE DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Created on January 3, 1918, by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor. Co- operated with the Emergency Fhrm Labor Section of the Public Serv- ice Reserve. After the Division was abolished in April 1919, mat- ters formerly under its jurisdiction were referred chiefly to the Division of Operations, Also known as the Farm Reserve Division, 181 Functions: To register calls for farm help and to direct help to areas where it was most vitally neededj to cooperate with other divi- sions of the Employment Service in matters concerning farm labor problems; and to act as a coordinating link in the work of official and unofficial State organizations. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References: Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administra- tion in the United States During the World War. 197-198 ([Urbana, 1920]). FARMS BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918; discontinued about May 1, 1920. Functions: In charge of the development and direction of agricultural activities on lands owned, purchased, or leased by the Department. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. FATIGUE OF METALS COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division National Research Council.—Created in 1918 with H, F. Moore as Chairman. Functions; Conducted studies that made advances in the "knowledge of fatigue of metals, and the permanence of the eleva- tion of the elastic limit caused by distortion in the cold," Rec- ords: In the National Research Council. FATS AND OILS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Established in November 1917; transferred in June 1918 to the Collateral Commodities Divi- sion as the Oils and Fkts Section. Functions; To assure an ade- quate amount of fats and oils for domestic consumption and to pro- vide a large surplus for shipment to Allied countries; to study the production and consumption of oleomargarine, soap, glycerine, paints, varnishes, and lubricating oils; and to regulate the manufacture of soap and of substitutes for lard and butter in order to prevent the production of these commodities from being reduced. Records; 1917- 19 (85 feet) in NA. Reports of manufacturers on production, con- sumption, and holdings of fats and oils, tabulations and card rec- ords of reports, correspondence, lists of firms, and statistical bulletins. FATS EXECUTIVE, INTERALLIED MEATS AND.—See INTERALLIED MEATS AND FATS EXECUTIVE, FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION,—A Board of seven members created by an act of February 23, 1917. Comprised of four ex of- ficio members, the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, and Labor, and the Comnissioner of Education, and three members appointed by the President. During the war the Board operated through the Divi- sions of Vocational Education, Vocational Rehabilitation, Indus- trial Rehabilitation, and Research, The functions pertaining to the rehabilitation of disabled veterans were transferred to the Veterans' Bureau when it was created on August 9, 1921, In 1933 the remainder of the functions of the Board were transferred to the Office of Education, and the Board has since served in an advisory capacity without compensation. Functions; To promote vocational education. The Board represented the Government in its cooperation with the locally appointed State Boards for Vocational Education, which were aided by Federal grants. It made or caused to have made vocational studies, investigations, and reports for use in aiding the States where vocational schools and classes, of less than college grade, were established to train persons for 182 useful employment in agriculture, commerce, home economics, and trade and industry. During the war the Board especially promoted the training of mechanics and technicians for war purposes. The scope of the work was expanded in 1918 to include vocational re- habilitation of disabled persona discharged from, the armed forces and in 1920 of persons disabled in industry or otherwise. After January 1, 1919, the Board sponsored the training of employment managers. It was necessary for the Federal Board and its staff to cooperate continuously with thousands of public and private agen- cies, national. State, and local in their scope, including most of the executive departments and such agencies as the War Industries Board, the Shipping Board, the American National Red Cross, the Council of National Defense, and the National Catholic War Council, Records: Those in NA (134 feet) include general correspondence of the Board, 1917-21, and general correspondence, memoranda, and other records of its field agents, 1917-33. The files accumulated by the Commissioner of Education as a member of the Board, which include * correspondence, circulars, reports, personnel data, and memoranda, 1917-31 (8 feet), are also in NA. In 1925 the Board was given per- mission to destroy as useless papers certain records for the war period (26 feet). These ineluded records pertaining to employment management and the training of persons for war occupations, corre- spondence with the five regional offices, and correspondence with the vocational rehabilitation district offices relating to pur- chases and other matters. The case files of disabled persons who were discharged from the armed forces and who applied for vocational rehabilitation are in the Veterans' Administration, The remainder of the files (some 1,700 feet) are in the Office of Education, Fed- eral Security Agency. References: Federal Board for Vocational Education, Annual Reports, 1917-32, and Statement of Policies (Bul- letin No. IT Washington, 1917); W, Stull Holt, The Federal Board for Vocational Education (New York, 1922), FEDERAL ELECTRIC RAILWAYS COMMISSION.—Before the war period, the street railways of the country were operating on a uniform 5-cent fare. This revenue proved inadequate to meet the rising costs of operation during the war, and the situation was made worse by grow- ing automobile and jitney competition in the transportation of pas- sengers. By the spring of 1919, no fewer than 50 of the most im- portant urban railway systems (for example, those of New York, New Orleans, St. Louis, Denver, and Spokane) had fallen into the hands of receivers. Disturbed by this state of affairs> the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor on May 15, 1919, addressed a joint letter to the President requesting him to appoint a commission to investigate the electric railway problem. On May 31, the President responded by appointing the Federal Electric Railways Commission, a body of eight members,to which he allotted a sum of $10,000 from his Na- tional Security and Defense Fund. Three members represented, re- spectively, the Commerce, Labor, and Treasury Departments. Charles E. Elmquist, president and general solicitor of the National As- sociation of Railway and Utilities Commissioners, served as Chair- man, and Charlton Ogburn as Executive Secretary. The Commission performed its work by means of public hearings, questionnaires, and a special investigation conducted under contract by the Execu- tive Secretary. On July 28, 1920, it made its report to the Presi- dent. Functions; As conceived by the Comnission, "to ascertain, first, the actual financial and service conditions of the electric railways of the United States at the present time; second, the causes which have contributed to such conditions; third, what re- adjustments of the relations between the electric railways and the 183 communities which they serve must be brought about in order to re- store the confidence of the public and to put the companies upon such a financial basis for the future as will enable them to render continuous and efficient service to their respective communities." Records: Whereabouts unknown. References; Federal Electric Rail- ways Commission, Proceedings . . . With Final Report (Washington, 1920. 3 vols.). FEDERAL FARM LOAN BOARD, Treasury Department.—Created by an act of July 17, 1916. Operated through the Federal fkrm Loan Bureau of the Treasury Department. The Board was consolidated with other agencies in 1933 to form the Jbnn Credit Administration, which was transferred to the Agriculture Department in 1939. Functions: To supervise Federal land banks and national farm loan associations through which long-term loans secured by first mortgages on farm lands were made. During the war, the land banks aided in increas- ing the volume and in reducing the cost of agricultural production and, in cooperation with the Agriculture Department, made special loans in sections suffering from successive crop failures. Follow- ing the war, agricultural distress was reduced by the establishment of an intermediate credit system, which Congress authorized in 1923 to furnish short-term credit. Records; ThoSe in NA for the war period consist of papers of liquidated national farm loan associa- tions in the files of the Earn Credit Administration. References: W. Stull Holt, The Federal Farm Loan Bureau (Baltimore, 192A). FEDERAL HORTICULTURAL BOARD, Agriculture Department.—Established in 1912 in accordance with the Plant Quarantine Act of that year. The Board was superseded in 1928 by the Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. Functions: To administer the Insect Pest Act of 1905, the Plant Quarantine Act of 1912, and various other acts de- signed to prevent the importation or spread of diseased or insect- infested nursery stock, and to conduct investigations into the need for additional regulatory measures. During the war period foreign commerce restrictions brought the Board into a cooperative rela- tionship with the War Trade Board, particularly in regard to the importation of foreign cotton. This cooperation had to do with "the determination of the amount of foreign cottons which should be permitted to enter the United States to meet essential war and other needs" and with the enforcement of regulations insofar as they covered products permitted entry by the War Trade Board, Rec- ords : Minutes of Board meetings and hearings, and plant quarantine regulations, 1912-28 (5 feet), and records relating to importation of nursery stock and seeds, 1919-28 (80 feet), in NAj correspondence in the files of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine in the Department of Agriculture. Correspondence and records relat- ing to the Board are in NA among the records of the Office of the Secretary, the Bureau of Entomology, and the Bureau of Plant In- dustry. References: Gustavus A. Weber, The Plant Quarantine and Control Administration (Washington, 1930), FEDERAL MILK COMMISSIONS, Food Administration.—Regional milk com- missions, covering the New York, Chicago, Boston, Ohio, and San Francisco areas and composed of producers, distributors, consumers, and milk experts, were appointed in 1917 and 1918 by the Food Ad- ministration. The work of the Commissions was performed under the supervision of the Milk Section of the Perishable Foods Divi- sion. They terminated at various dates, the latest in November 1918. Functions: To hold public hearings and to decide upon fluid 184 milk prices for their respective areas. Records: In NA are hear- ings of the Commission for the Chicago area, in the Illinois State Food Administration files, and correspondence of the Conmission for the San Francisco area, in the California State Food Administration files. Also in NA among the records of the Milk Section are corre- spondence with the Commissions and a copy of the hearings of the Commission for the New York area. References: Labor Statistics Bureau, Special Price Research Section, Milk Products; A Survey of Conditions and Regulation of the Industry. 191A-1918 Quly 1941. Processed); Carson S. Duncan, "The Chicago Milk Inquiry," in Journal of Political Economy. 26: 321-346 (Apr. 1918). FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD,—Created by an act of December 23, 1913, which was modified by the Banking Act of 1935. Consists of seven members, five appointed by the President and two ex-officio members, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller of the Currency. Functions: To administer the banking system of the United States, that is, the Federal Reserve System, and to act as guardian of the Nation's reserves, credit, and currency. As special war functions, the Board took over control of security issues, foreign exchange, gold and silver, and the export of bullion, coin, and paper money, and (temporarily) security issues. Records: In the custody of of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION,—Created by an act of September 26, 191A. During the war it included Economic, Enemy Trade, Export, and Legal Divisions, Functions: To prevent persons, partnerships, or corpo- rations, except banks and common carriers subject to the acts to regulate commerce, from using unfair methods of competition in interstate or foreign commerce; and to investigate the organization, business, conduct, practices, and management of certain persons, partnerships, or corporations engaged in interstate or foreign commerce. The functions of the Commission expanded with the war. Pursuant to the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, it received authority to issue licenses tinder patents, trademarks, or copyrights owned or controlled by alien enemies and to supervise activities of the licensees. It also operated to prevent restraint of trade by act or agreement of associations formed under authority of an act approved April 10, 1918, which aimed to promote the ex- port trade of the United States. In addition to its other duties, it was "a principal agency of the Government in matters relating to commodity quantities, production costs, and profits,” Records: Those in NA (1915-32, 2,738 feet) include case files of the Legal Division, which contain material on trade practices that were be- lieved to be affecting the war effort, and records of the Economic Division, which pertain to investigations of corporations, indus- tries, and commodities. Other records are in the Federal Trade Commission, References: Federal Trade Conmission, Annual Reports. 1917-20; W, Stull Holt, The Federal Trade Commission (New York, 1922). FEEDS MARKET NEWS SERVICE, GRAIN, HAY, AND, Markets Bureau, Agricul- ture Department.—See GRAIN, HAY, AND FEEDS MARKET NEWS SERVICE. FELT SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.— Formed about May 1, 1917, as the Felt Department of the Supplies Committee of the Council of National Defense. Became the Felt Department of the Supplies Section of the War Industries Board on May 28, 1918, and the Felt Section of the Textile and Rubber Divi- sion on June 3, Terminated on December 21, 1918. Functions: To 185 control the production of felt mills, to allocate wools and raw materials to the mills, and to assist Government agencies in mat- ters of supply. Worked through the Textile Pelt Department, the Papemakers1 Felt Department, and the Hatters' Felt Department. Records: Among thope of the Board in NA. Included are records of orders, lists of manufacturers and subcontractors, and samples of felt (10 feet). FERRO-ALLOYS COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.—Organised in 1918 under the chairman- ship of J. E. Johnson,. Jr. Also referred to as the Manganese Sav- ing Committee. Functions t In cooperation with the Bureau of Mines, it studied the production of ferromanganese and its use in steel making. Findings revealed possible improvements in the steel manu- facturing process that would effect a saving of manganese and there- by release shipping engaged in the importation of manganese ores. Records: In the National Research Council. FERRO-ALLOYS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.— Formed in March and discontinued on December 31, 1918, Functions: To stimulate the production and assure a sufficiency of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, ferrosilicon, zirconium, cobalt, titanium, monezite sand, chromite, and manganese and their alloy derivatives. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. FERROUS BRANCH, Raw Materials and Paints Division, Purchase Director't Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATE- RIALS AND PAINTS DIVISION. FERROUS BRANCH, Raw Materials Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated as the Ferrous Control Unit of the Raw Materials Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Division, On January 15, 1918, it became the Ferrous Branch of the Raw Mate- rials Section, Functions: To handle the purchase of ferrous raw materials. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, FERROUS GROUP, Metallurgical Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See METALLURGI- CAL BRANCH. FERROUS METALS SUBSECTION, Raw Materials and Scrap Section, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS AND SCRAP SECTION. FERROUS SECTION, Raw Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See RAW MATERIALS BRANCH. FERTILIZER AND GARBAGE SECTION, Salvage Branch, Conservation Divi- sion, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. FERTILIZER CONTROL OFFICE, Agriculture Department.—Created under authority of the Food and Fuel Control Adt by a memorandum of the Secretary of Agriculture of March 13, 1918, which appointed William Wallace Mein as Assistant to the Secretary in charge of the ferti- lizer regulations established by a Presidential proclamation of 186 February 25, 1918. Operated through several Divisions. After the resignation of its head in December 1918, the Office was placed under the Bureau of Soils. With the conclusion of peace in 1921, the powers exercised under the Presidential proclamation ceased and the functions of the Office were terminated. Functions: To license fertilizer manufacturers, importers, and wholesale dealers, to en- force priorities, and to prevent hoarding, profiteering, speculation, and manipulation; and to assure an adequate supply and equitable distribution and to facilitate the movement of fertilizers and fer- tilizer ingredients. Che of the most significant of the achieve- ments of the Office was the "thirty ton agreement" by which small lots of fertilizer could be purchased at the same price rate as large lots. The Divisions of the Office performed functions as follows: The Administration and Regulation Division licensed the industry through the medium of the Food Administration and issued regulations under which the industry operated; the Fertilizer Pro- duction Division, cooperating with the Bureau of Crop Estimates and the Bureau of Soils, determined fertilizer requirements, available supplies, and potential sources and studied the relative costs and profits of fertilizer manufacturers; the Fertilizer Distribution Division helped to establish priority needs and advised the War Trade Board on questions of exports and imports; and the Transpor- tation Division cooperated with the Railroad Administration on problems relating to the transportation of fertilizers. Upon the conclusion of hostilities the Office sought to obtain permanent fertilizer control legislation and made investigations as to the ultimate use to be made of the Government's nitrate plants at Muscle Shoals and Sheffield, Ala, General supervision over prices and practices of the fertilizer industry was continued. Records: 1918- 21 (60 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence files; schedules of inquiry; data cards concerning licensed manufacturers and ferti- lizers; bibliographies; and reports on fertilizer manufacturers, on the distribution, use, and prices of fertilizers, and on fraudu- lent manufacturers, manipulators, speculators, and hoarders. A "Report of the Assistant to the Secretary In Charge of Fertilizer Control" (1918) is in the correspondence files of the Office. Much related material is in the correspondence files of the Soils Bureau and of the Secretary's Office in NA. FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Fertilizer Control Office, Agri- culture Department,—See FERTILIZER CONTROL OFFICE, FERTILIZER INVESTIGATIONS, SPECIAL JOINT COMMITTEE ON, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, National Re- search Council,—Appointed in 1918 in accordance with a joint re- conmendation of the above-named Division and the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division of the Council by which fertilizer work was consolidated in the former Division, Membership, which included representatives of both Divisions, consisted of soil and fertilizer specialists under the chairmanship of A. H, Woods. Functions; Among its activities it arranged for representatives of certain agricultural colleges, cooperating with to study fertilizer problems in the Middle West with reference to the most economical use of deposits of phosphate rock in Montana in connection with the quantities of sulphuric acid to be availa- ble after the war. It made plans to study the possible utiliza- tion of ammonia compounds available as byproducts of war industries and organized a subcommittee for research in connection with potash substitutes. The cooperation of the Agriculture Department was obtained for certain special studies. Records: In the National Research Council, 187 FERTILIZER PRODUCTION DIVISION, Fertilizer Control Office, Agriculture Department.—See FERTILIZER CONTROL OFFICE. FERTILIZER RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS DIVISION, Soils Bureau, Agricul- ture Department.—See SOILS BUREAU, FERTILIZER SECTION, GARBAGE AND, Waste Materials Branch, Salvage Divi- sion, Storage Director's Office, Purchasfe and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.-—See WASTE MATERIALS BRANCH. FERTILIZERS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF SOILS AND, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—£ee CHEMISTRY OF SOILS AND FERTILIZERS COMMITTEE. FERTILIZERS SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Hair Mate- rials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed in May 1917. In January 1918 it be- came the Fertilizers Conmittee of the Chemical Alliance, Inc. Func- tions: To handle matters pertaining to fertilizers for the Chemi- cals Cooperative Committee. It made monthly surveys of the indus- try and acted as an allocation body for brimstone for the various fertilizer manufacturers. Records: Most of them were transferred to the Chemical Alliance, but a few are among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, including an incomplete file of bulletins issued by the Subcommittee and the Alliance, FIBER BOARD AND CONTAINER SECTION, Pulp and Paper Division, War In- dustries Board.—Formed on October 31, 1918; discontinued on De- cember 31, 1918. Functions: To standardize the industry, to sub- stitute fiber board for tin wherever possible, and to promote con- servation—for example, through the elimination of coloring matter in red rosin building paper and the elimination of many weights and half rolls of carpet and packing paper. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, Included is a card list of manufacturers. FIBER SUBSECTION, RAG AND, Woolen Section, Textile and Rubber Divi- sion, War Industries Board.—See RAG AND FIBER SUBSECTION, FIBERS COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fish- eries Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 with Edward M, East as Chairman. Functions: To promote research in war problems relating to vegetable fibers. Among its activities, it made a study of fibers available for binder twine. Records: In the National Research Council, FIELD ARTILLERY BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,— Created early in 1915. Functions: To investigate and make recom- mendations in reference to trucks and tractors for Held artillery purposes, and to investigate the problem of armor plating of trac- tors for protection against rifle fire, shrapnel bursts, and the like. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FIELD ARTILLERY CARRIAGE GROUP, Motor and Carriage Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH. FIELD ARTILLERY CHIEF'S OFFICE, War Department.—Established pur- suant to General Orders, No, 15» February 10, 1918, Included an Administrative Branch, with Mobilization, Personnel, and Routine 188 Departments, and an Operations Branch, with Camps and Ranges, Mate- riel, and Organization and Training Departments. Functions: To advise and assist the Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff in matters pertaining to field artillery. Records: In the offices of the Field Artillery, Army Ground Forces, War Department, FIELD ARTILLERY SECTION, Carriage Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See MOBILE CARRIAGE SECTION, Engineering Division. FIELD BAKERY EQUIPMENT SECTION, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MESS, CAMP, AND PER- SONAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH. FIELD DIVISION, Council of National Defense.—Established about Oc- tober 1, 1918, pursuant to a resolution of the Council of August 29, and took over the functions of the State Councils Section and most of the functions of the Woman's Committee. Operated through the following Sections: Federal Agencies, Organization and In- formation, News, Child Conservation, Americanization, Speakers', and Field. The work of the Division gradually terminated, ending about June 30, 1919. Functions; To direct and coordinate the work of State defense organizations, without the duplication and overlapping that had previously existed. Records; 1917-19 (9U feet, including files begun by predecessor units) in NA. Corre- spondence, minutes, circulars, questionnaires, publicity material, reports, memoranda, publications, and lists. FIELD INSPECTION DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Depart ment.—Created on July 1, 1912, by the separation of field inspec- tion work from the Inspection Division, which then became the Meat Inspection Division. On May 1, 1922, the Quarantine Division be- came a part of the Field Inspection Division. Functions; During the war, to encourage the production of animal products, to reduce losses from disease, parasites, and similar causes, and to ensure the proper maintenance of and to improve the sanitary conditions for Army horses and mules. Records; 1917-18 (6 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA. Include records pertaining to animal diseases and to the exportation and importation of animals, hides, and the like. FIELD INTELLIGENCE SECTION, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See POSITIVE BRANCH. FIELD OFFICE EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES SECTION, Miscellaneous and Of- fice Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MISCEL- LANEOUS AND OFFICE SUPPLIES BRANCH. FIELD OPERATIONS DIVISION, Finance Service, War Department.—Estab- lished in March 1919. At that time it took over from the Adminis- trative Division the Demobilization Branch (established December 5, 1918, to supervise all matters relating to the payment of troops upon demobilization) and the Special Service Branch (which handled questions of foreign exchange, war loans, and other special mat- ters) , The Division also included Executive, Investigations, and Methods Control Branches, the functions of which are indicated by their names. Functions: To control methods of administration and 189 personnel of finance offices in the field; to investigate the ac- tivities of such offices; and to make recommendations concerning the revision of blank forms used in connection with disbursements under the control of the Director of Finance. Records; In the Finance Chief’s Office, War Department. FIELD ORGANIZATION DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.— Organized on August 5, 1918. Its name.was subsequently changed to Organization Division. It was reduced in size after March 1919 be- cause of a lack of appropriations, but several of its units contin- ued to function to June 30 through the financial assistance of pri- vate welfare organizations. The work of the Division was largely taken over by the States. Functions; To create a system of employ- ment offices in each State; to organize State advisory boards and community labor boards; and to supervise the work of the Public Serv- ice Reserve and the Boys' Working Reserve. Records: Whereabouts unknown. FIELD SECTION, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Created on June 27, 1918, by Division Order No. 77. The work of this Section was conducted through inspection managers and inspection forces stationed in the following ordnance district of- fices (as of November 11, 1918): Baltimore, Boston, Bridgeport, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Rochester, St. Louis, and Toronto. Functions: To per- form inspection duties in the field. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FIELD SUPERVISION SECTION, Enforcement Division, Food Administra- tion.—Created in August 1918 to substitute field supervision for the former system of food control through reports submitted by li- censees. A full force of inspectors worked in close cooperation with the State Food Administrators, and a staff of inspectors was maintained in the Washington office for special assignments. Abol- ished in January 1919. Functions: To investigate charges of vio- lations of food regulations by questioning the licensees involved and if necessary by examining and auditing their business records. Records; 1918-19 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports of inspectors. References; William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Pood Administration,1917-1919, 338-3UO (Stanford Uni- versity, l9hl). FIELD SUPPLY SECTION, Gas Defense Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established on August 31, 1917. Functions; To supervise the purchase, manufacture, and inspection of gas masks and similar appliances for the military service. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FIELD TESTS OF GASES SECTION, Physiological Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized in August 1917 at the suggestion of the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department. Transferred with the War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions: To develop apparatus for testing the toxicity of gases under large-scale field condi- tions. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. Refer- ences: Mines bureau, War Gas Investigations, 23 (Bulletin 178A1 ~ Washington, 1919). FIELD TRAFFIC SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established with the Division in March 190 1913. Functions: Supervised matters originating in the Navy field traffic offices located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Chicago, and Detroit. The field traffic offi- cers kept in close touch with various contractors and subcontractors in their districts and rendered regular and special reports on exist ing and prospective transportation and other conditions. To assist them, the Director General of Railroads assigned three experienced railroad executives with headquarters in Boston, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. Records: Probably dispersed among those of the Bureau in NA. FIELD WORK BRANCH, Production Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on October 1,. 1917; transferred to the Production Division by General Division Order No. 58, January 17, 1918. Functions: In charge of all field work done under the Section. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. FILMS DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.-—Organized by au- thority of Executive Order No. 2708 of September 25, 1917. Later it included the Bureau of War Expositions and the Bureau of War Photographs (formerly the Picture Division). Offices in Washington and New York. Discontinued in June 1919. Louis ff. Mack and Charles S. Hart, Directors successively. Functions: To make and distribute photographs and motion pictures (includingsuch full-length films as "Pershing's Crusaders" and "America's Answer") concerned with America's war activities. Records: 1918-19 (8 inches) in NA. Correspondence and shipping records Most of the correspondence, reports, and film leases were disposed of as useless papers in 1928 and 1930. FILMS DIVISION, Foreign Section, Committee on Public Information.— Created in July j9l8. Central office in New York, with branch of- fices abroad. Directed the activities of the Foreign Picture Serv- ice Division and worked in cooperation with the Films Division of the Committee,which handled domestic motion-picture matters. Dis- continued on July 1, 1919. Carl Byoir, Director, and Marcus A. Beeman, Special Assistant. Functions; To bring about the intro- duction of American films abroad, especially such propaganda films as "Pershing's Crusaders" and "America's Answer." Records: Appar- ently disposed of as useless papers in 1928 and 1930, FINANCE, INTERALLIED COUNCIL ON WAR PURCHASES AND.—See INTERALLIED COUNCIL ON WAR PURCHASES AND FINANCE. FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Existed prior to the outbreak of war as the Finance and Accounting Division. In January 1918 it became first the Fin- ance and Accounts Branch of the Administration Division and then of the General Administration Bureau. On April 16, 1918, it was es- tablished as a Division. Operated through the following Branches; Apportionment Accounts, Claims, Contract Files, Financial Control, Money Accounts, Property Accounts, and Subsistence Returns. Its functions were transferred to the Finance Service, War Department, on October 21, 1918. Functions; To handle all matters pertaining to the central accounting and administrative auditing of all divi- sions of the Office, except those handled by the Central Disbursing Division. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Finance, War De- partment. 191 FINANCE AND PROPERTY SECTION, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created in June 1917. Upon the reorgani- zation of the Office on January lU, 1918, effected by Office Order No. 10U, it was transferred to the Finance and Property Section, General Administration Bureau, and it was later transferred to the Administration Division as its Finance Section. On February 1, 1919, pursuant to Office Order No. U95, it was transferred to the new Small Arms Division. Functions: To maintain records pertaining to appropriations, estimates, allotments, and production costs; to be accountable for Government property at manufacturing plants; and to exercise the functions of disbursing officers. Records; Proba- bly among those of the Office in NA. FINANCE AND PURCHASES DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created on February 9, 1918, with John Skelton Williams as Director. It was discontinued on March 15, 1919, and in its place there were created the Finance Division and the Purchases Division. Functions; To coordinate and supervise purchases of materials and supplies by railroads, and to assist the roads in formulating plans for meeting their financial obligations. Records; Those dealing with finances are in the Treasury Department; those dealing with purchases were authorized for destruction in 193k. FINANCE AND SPECIAL CONTRACT SECTION, Civil Division, Ordnance Bu- reau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions; In charge of matters pertaining to questions of contract law, the allotment of funds, the preparation of contracts for ordnance materials, and the preparation of financial reports and data. Records; In the Navy Department. FINANCE AND SUPPLY DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Depart ment.—See PROCUREMENT DIVISION. FINANCE AND SUPPLY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established on September 20, 1917, with the consolidation of the Property Return and the Audit Sections of the Record, Corre- spondence, and Examining Division and the Supply and Finance Sec- tions of the Supply Division. On November l£, 1918, the supply functions of the Division were transferred to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff, and the payment of all accounts and property accounting were transferred to the Director of Finance. From that time on the Division functioned only in an advisory capacity insofar as the supplies of the Medical Department were concerned. Functions; To have change of matters pertaining to medical supplies and disbursements and to manage all matters pertaining to the finances of the Medical Department. Records; 1917-20 (U6U feet) in NA. Include contracts for medical and hos- pital supplies and related correspondence; shipping papers pertain- ing to the distribution of medical, surgical, and veterinary sup- plies; and correspondence and other paperd pertaining to the finan- cial relations of the Medical Department and the American National Red Cross. FINANCE CHIEF'S OFFICE, War Department.—See FINANCE SERVICE FINANCE CORPORATION, WAR.—See WAR FINANCE CORPORATION. FINANCE DIRECTOR'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Finance and Purchases Divi- sion, Railroad Administration.—The organization of an Advisory Committee to the Finance Director was announced in March 1918. 192 The Committee probably terminated with the Division on March 15, 1919. Functions: Indicated by title. Records: Probably destroyed as useless papers in 193U. FINANCE DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on May 10, 1918. Abolished on Feb- ruary 10, 1920, and replaced by the Construction Division in the General Comptroller's Department of the Corporation. Functions: To supervise and control fund allotments, especially those for con- struction activities; to maintain accounts showing the financial status of the Corporation; to audit all financial transactions, in- cluding claims and adjustments; and to manage and control all finan- cial affairs of the Corporation. Records: In the Maritime Commis- sion. FINANCE DIVISION, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Established prior to February 2h, 1919, to take over the duties of the former Accounts and Contracts Division, Civil Works Branch, as well as other functions. Functions; To handle all matters pertain- ing to contracts and money accounts, property accountability, claims, and various other matters. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FINANCE DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on May 31, 1917, to take over the functions formerly performed by the Property and Finance Division. Operated through the following Sections: General Control, Bookkeeping and Allotment, Auditing, Legal, Cost Accounting, Disbursing, Freight, Personnel, Pay Roll, Mail and Record, and Stores and Scrap. On January lU, 1918, the work of the Division was transferred to the Finance Branch, Finance and Property Section, General Administration Bureau. Functions; To handle questions of funds, maintain records of appropriations and allotments made to arsenals and disbursing officers, handle legal questions in regard to contracts, check expenditures made by contractors under cost-plus contracts, audit freight vouchers, and prepare pay rolls. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. FINANCE DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created on March 1919* Formerly a part of the Finance and Purchases Division. Abolished on January 31, 1925. Thereafter, its work was handled successively by the Office of the Director General of Railroads and the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury. Functions: To exercise general supervision over financial matters of the Administration; to ap- prove, in certain instances, the declaration of dividends by car- riers tinder Federal control; to approve the issuance of bonds, notes, equipment trust agreements, and stocks by carriers; to purchase rail- road securities for the Government; and, after Federal control ended, to assist the Administration in liquidating its financial obligations to the railroads. Records: 1918-25 (lUO feet) in the Treasury De- partment. Include open account files, cash books, security ledgers, and paid checks. All other records were authorized for destruction as useless papers on March 20, 193U. FINANCE SECTION, Supreme Economic Council.—See SUPREME ECONOMIC COUN- CIL. FINANCE SERVICE, War Department.—A Director of Finance, who at the same time was an assistant to the Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic, was authorized by Supply Circular No, 98, October 11, 1918. 193 The Finance Service thus created was made an independent operating bureau of the Yilar Department on April 11, 1919, and it continued without any further major change in status until an act of June li, 1920, effective on July 1, created the Finance Department, headed by the Chief of Finance. Operated through several Divisions, in- cluding: Field Operations; Funding; Money Accounts; Property Ac- counts; and Settlements. Functions; To direct the activities, per- sonnel, and equipment of the several finance and accounting divi- sions of the General Staff and of the supply corps of the Army; and to be responsible for the finances of the several corps, depart- ments, and other separate activities of the Army, including account- ing for funds and property. Records: Fragmentary records for the war period are in NA, including miscellaneous ledgers and accounts, as well as various budget papers. Others are in the Finance Chief's Office, War Department, FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF THE ENEMY STATES—THEIR MEANS OF PAYMENT AND REPARATION, SUBCOMMITTEE ON, Reparation of Damages Commission, Peace Conference.—Appointed February ii, 1919. Consisted of one repre- sentative from each of the five Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan) and three others chosen later as representatives of Rumania, Serbia, and Poland. Held 32 meetings (Feb. 15-Apr. 18, 1919). American representative, Thomas W. Lament. Lord Cunliffe, Chairman. Functions: To study the finan- cial capacity of the enemy States to make payments and reparations. Records; Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. FINANCIAL COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—On January 23, 1919, the Coun- cil of Ten created a Financial Drafting Committee of five members, composed of one representative from each of the Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan). This Com- mittee functioned until March 1, 1919, when the Council replaced it with the Financial Commission, a much larger body. Two representa- tives from each of the Great Powers and six lesser powers served on the Commission, which -worked through the following five Subcommis- sions: Immediate Requirements; Monetary Questions; Enemy Debts; Interallied Problems and Plans of the Financial Section of the League of Nations; and Payment of Austro-Hungarian Obligations. The Com- mission later reduced itself to a membership of four. American mem- bers, Albert Straus and Thomas W. Lamont. E. S. Montague, President. Functions; To prepare financial clauses for incorporation into the peace treaties. Records; Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. References; H. W. V. Temperley, ed,, A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p. 502; vol. 2, p. 6I4. (London, 1920); Andrd Tardieu, The Truth About the Treaty, 92 (Indianapolis [1921]). FINANCIAL DRAFTING COMMITTEE, Peace Conference.—See FINANCIAL COM- MISSION. FINANCIAL REQUISITION OFFICERS, Treasury Department.—The position of Financial Requisition Officer was created under the authority of an act of September 2h, 1917, in pursuance of a plan for pooling funds to the credit of disbursing officers in the American Expeditionary Forces. Financial Requisition Officers were named for France, Great Britain, and Italy. The Requisition Officers were given cred- its with the Treasurer of the United States, and working balances were maintained in Paris, London, and Rome. Against these balances the disbursing officers drew checks. Functions; To receive moneys 19h from the Treasurer of the United States and distribute them to dis- bursing officers, thus obviating the transmittal of requisitions to Washington and funds to Europe by many officers. Records: Account- ing records in the Accounts Bureau, Treasury Department;detailed pay records in the Finance Chief's Office, War Department. FINE ARTS COMMISSION.—Established by an act of May 17, 1910. Func- tions ; To give advice concerning plans and designs of buildings and parks, and the location and designs of statues, fountains, and monuments in the District of Columbia. On October 16, 1918, the Secretary of the Navy directed that the Commission be consulted whenever a medal or decoration is authorized by the Navy Department. A similar order was issued by the Secretary of War on October 18, 1918. The Commission supervised the preparation of and approved plans for American cemeteries in Europe and war memorials in Europe and the United States. Records; 1910-U0 (109 feet) in NA, except for those relating to incomplete projects. About one-fifth of the total relates to projects directly concerned with or arising out of the war. References: Fine Arts Commission, Reports, 1916-25. FINE CHEMICALS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.- See MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS SECTION. FINISHED PRODUCTS DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Originated in the appointment by the Council of National Defense on July 28, 1917, of Robert S. Brookings as Commissioner of Finished Products in the War Industries Board. Reorganized on April 1, 1918, with George N. Peek as Commissioner. Discontinued on December 17, 1918. Functions; To aid the Government in meeting its war needs for finished products of all kinds and to assist in stabilizing industry. Worked through commodity sections. Records; 1917-18 in NA. Most of them are dis- persed in the consolidated or "commodity" files of the Board, but there are some segregated correspondence files, card records, and miscellaneous materials (15U feet) for the Commissioner’s Office and the following Sections; Automotive Products; Crane; Electric ’Wire and Cable; Electrical and Power Equipment; Hardware and Hand Tool; Machine Tool; Military Optical Glass and Instrument; Miscel- laneous; and Vehicle, Implement, and Wood Products. In addition, there is a large quantity of records of the Resources and Conversion Section, 1916-18 (282 feet), many of them taken over from the Indus- trial Inventory Section of the Council of National Defense. FINISHED STEEL SECTION, Steel Division, War Industries Board.—See STEEL PRODUCTS SECTION. FIR PRODUCTION BOARD.—On June U, 1917, the 7/est Coast Lumbermen's Association created the voluntary Douglas Fir Emergency Bureau to control lumber production in the Pacific Northwest. Because of en- forcement difficulties, this Bureau was replaced on February 19, 1918, by the Fir Production Board, which was created by an inter- departmental conference of representatives of the Aircraft Board, the Signal Corps, the Shipping Board, the War Industries Board, and the War and wavy Departments. Offices in Portland, Oreg. Abolished on July 16, 1919, when its functions were turned over to the Cancel- lation Section of the Supply and Sales Division, Emergency Fleet Corporation. Functions: To allocate orders received from the agen- cies mentioned above to lumber mills in Washington and Oregon on the basis of their ability to furnish promptly the grade of lumber re- quired; to inspect lumber; to expedite shipment by routing and as- sembling cars in trains containing only Government lumber; to 195 administer the embargo on the sale or exportation of fir lumber to private individuals; and to furnish information concerning orders, the embargo, and priorities to Government agencies. Records: 1917- 19 (152 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, notes, memoranda, re- ports, and other data relating to lumber orders and prices, the lum- ber embargo, embargo releases, the lumber supply of shipyards, mill capacity, and freight-car and train movements. Also included are lumber orders, order placements, mill reports of lumber cut, and or- der records for various Government departments. A small group of records of the Board is with the files of the Supply and Sales Divi- sion, Emergency Fleet Corporation; another small group is with the records of the Lumber Section, Raw Materials Division, War Industries Board. FIRE AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION BRANCH, Operations Control Division, Stor- age Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—On May 13, 1919, with the abolition of the Domestic Operations Division, its Fire and Accident Prevention Branch became a part of this Division. Operated through three Sections: Statistical, Fire Prevention, and Accident Prevention, It remained in the Division when the latter was renamed Storage Administration Division in 1919. About January 26, 1920, it was transferred to the Supplies Division of the Storage Service as a Section of the Warehousing Branch, Functions; To have charge of fire and accident prevention as related to Army supply activities. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. FIRE AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION BRANCH, Service Subdivision, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized on November 1, 1918, as the Fire and Accident Branch. On January 30, 1919, its name was changed to Fire and Accident Prevention Branch. On May 13, 1919, the Branch was transferred to the Operations Control Division, Storage Service. Functions; To install and supervise methods of fire and accident prevention in depots, stations, and camps and in private plants working on Army contracts. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. FIRE-CONTROL AND OPTICAL SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions: To have charge of the design and manufacture of all material'-’pertaining to or forming part of the fire-control system of a battleship and, with a few exceptions, of the design, manu- facture, and procurement of all optical Instruments. It supervised naval optical shops and such other plants as were engaged in the production of fire-control or optical instruments for the Bureau. Records; In the Navy Department. FIRE CONTROL EQUIPMENT SECTION, Engineer Subdivision, Domestic Distri- bution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department .—See ENGINEER SUBDIVISION. FIRE CONTROL SECTION, Artillery Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY DIVISION. FIRE LOSS AND PROTECTION SECTION, Finance Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Originally created as the Insurance and Fire Protection 196 Section of the Finance and Purchases Division on July 16, 1918. Re- named the Fire Loss and Protection Section on October 22, 1918. Be- came a unit of the Finance Division after March 15, 1919, and was probably discontinued with that Division on January 31, 1925. Func- tions t To handle the adjustment of fire losses of railroad property and to prevent such losses through inspection and insistence on the observance of fire rules and regulations. Presumably, after March 15, 1919, it took over duties formerly handled by the Marine Insur- ance Section of the Finance and Purchases Division. Recordst Proba- bly destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. FIRE PREVENTION DEPARTMENT, DUST EXPLOSION AND, Crop Experts Office, Grain Corporation.—See CROP EXPERTS OFFICE. FIRE PREVENTION SECTION, War Industries Board.—Organized on April 5> 1918, and shortly thereafter took over work that had been carried on for many months by the National Board of Fire Underwriters in cooperation with the Council of National Defense. Discontinued on December 31> 1918. Functions: To inspect plants manufacturing munitions for the Government and to issue recommendations for se- curing adequate fire protection. Records: 1918 (U9 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence; correspondence on fire-prevention activities in plants; correspondence with underwriters and insurance companies concerning fire-fighting equipment and supplies; certifi- cates of information regarding insurance inspectors; and card rec- ords of the National Board of Fire Underwriters concerning plant protection. FIRE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. FIRE PROTECTION SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred with its su- perior agency to the Construction Division on March 13, 1918. Functions: To prepare plans for fire protection in the construction work of the Army. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. FIRE PROTECTION SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Initiated on September 28, 1917, with the appointment in the Shipyard Plants Divi- sion of an Advisory Engineer on Fire Protection whose staff became known as the Fire Protection Section, The Section terminated on March 12, 1919, and its functions were turned over to the Shipyard Plants Construction Section, Functions; To inspect shipyards for fire protection equipment; to make reports on their physical condi- tions with respect to fire hazards; and to make recommendations for increasing fire protection. Records: 1917-20 (12 feet) in NA. In- clude correspondence, notes, reports, and memoranda relating to fire-fighting equipment, fire prevention, and fire fighting in ship- yards, There are also some fire marshals' reports. FISCAL AFFAIRS DIVISION, ACCOUNTS, CLAIMS, AND, Judge Advocate Gener- al's Office, War Department.—See ACCOUNTS, CLAIMS, AND FISCAL AF- FAIRS DIVISION. FISCAL DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau in February 1918, and one of the last divisions of the Corporation to cease operations. Included 197 Auditing and Accounting Sections. Headed by a Comptroller. Func- tions: Controlled the financial transactions of the Corporation and kept records of all payments made by the Comptroller. Records: 1918-30 (600 feet) in NA. Include vouchers, field orders, general and special correspondence, and a general subject file. FISH SECTION, Canned Foods Division, Food Administration.—Created in August 1917j terminated in December 1918. Functions; To license and regulate the fish canning industry, maintain an inspection serv- ice, and determine fair maximum prices for packs. Records: 1917-18 (U feet) in NA. Include correspondence, copies of agreements with sardine packers, minutes of conferences, and notices of allotments made by the Coordination of Purchase Division. FISH SECTION, RETAIL, Wholesale and Retail Division, Food Administra- tion.—See RETAIL FISH SECTION. FISHERIES BUREAU, Commerce Department.—Created in 1903, succeeding the Fish and Fisheries Commission. A few years later the Alaskan Fisheries Division and the Alaska Fur Seal Service were jnerged with it. Transferred to the Interior Department in 1939, and merged with the Biological Survey Bureau in 19U0 to form the Fish and Wild- life Service of that Department. Functions; To conserve the fish- eries and increase their productiveness, to improve the methods of utilizing marine and fresh-water food products, and to bring about the increased use of such products. These activities were immedi- ately useful in connection with the war food program, and throughout the war the Bureau concentrated its efforts on such of them as would serve to increase the available food supply. For example, its fish- cultural work was concentrated on the propagation of commercial food fishes. It actively cooperated with the Food Administration, the Fuel Administration, the Shipping Board, the War Trade Board, and the War and Navy Departments. Records: Those in NA (1868-19UO, I4.6I feet) include for the war period miscellaneous correspondence, files concerning "station histories" of fish hatcheries and laboratories, field notes, reports, photographs, and miscellaneous records of the Alaska Division. Other records, including practically all records of the other divisions, are in the Fish and Wildlife Service, References: Fisheries Bureau, Annual Reports, 1917-21. FISHERIES COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fish- eries Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917. H. F. Moore of the Bureau of Fisheries, Commerce' Department, was a member. Functions: To promote investigations of war problems re- lating to fisheries. One such investigation, supervised by the Fisheries Bureau, was a study of the availability of alginic acids for use as sizing materials without decreasing the food supply. Records: In the National Research Council. FISHERIES SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Administration.— Organized in August 1917. Transferred nominally to the Canned Foods Division in October 1918 but appears to have continued to function as a separate unit. Functions; To stimulate the produc- tion of fish, to supervise the licensing of salt-water fishermen, to investigate cases of apparent excessive prices, to maintain "fair maximum" prices on frozen fish, and to survey and analyze, in con- junction with the Retail Fish Section of the Wholesale and Retail Division, retail fish margins. Records; 1917-19 (35 feet) in NA, Correspondence, minutes of conferences, rules and regulations, data 198 on daily and weekly prices, and mailing lists of dealers. Refer- ences: William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration,1917-1919, 2h2-2h9 (Stanford University, l9Ul). FIXED NITROGEN ADMINISTRATION, War Department.—Established on March 29, 1919, with the appointment by the Secretary of War of Arthur G. Glasgow as Fixed Nitrogen Administrator, On April 2, George J. Roberts, Deputy Fixed Nitrogen Administrator (appointed March 31), was made Special Assistant to the Chief of Ordnance in charge of fixed nitrogen interests in the Ordnance Department. About November he became Administrator. The Administration appointed the Fixed Nitrogen Commission to study fixed nitrogen practices abroad, and also sent J. G. Lipman abroad on a mission similar to that of the Commission. It cooperated with the Department of Agriculture. It ceased to function about the middle of 1920. Functions: To repre- sent the Secretary of War in matters pertaining to fixed nitrogen. Particularly, to draft plans for the peacetime utilization of the nitrate plants of the War Department, to negotiate with various interests regarding the disposition of these plants, to make the plants ready for peacetime production, to reorganize the Nitrate Division of the Ordnance Department in order to further this objec- tive, and to promote research into the utilization of nitrogen prod- ucts. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Correspondence with the Ad- ministrator and the Deputy Administrator, however, is in NA in the files of the Chief of Ordnance, the Nitrate Division, and the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory. Correspondence with the Administrator, including copies of reports and memoranda submitted by him to the Secretary of War, 1919-20 (1 inch), may be found in a folder on "Muscle Shoals" in the Secretary of Agriculture's general subject correspondence file, 1921, also in NA. FIXED NITROGEN COMMISSION, Fixed Nitrogen Administration, War Depart- ment.—Appointed by the Fixed Nitrogen Administrator, A. G. Glasgow, with the approval of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Ordnance, on or about May 28, 1919. Consisted of three members of the Nitrate Division of the Ordnance Chief's Office and one member detailed from the Chemical Warfare Service. Col. J. W. Joyes, Chairman. The Com- mission spent about 2 months abroad during the summer of 1919. Functions: To make a study in Europe, and especially in the occupied German territory, of foreign practices in nitrogen fixation, particu- larly in the synthesis of ammonia, with the object of salvaging the large investments in nitrate plants that had been made by the 7/ar De- partment during the war. Records; Correspondence of the Nitrate Division with members of the Commission (1919) and an informal state- ment of the Chairman, March 18, 1920 (1 inch), are in NA. FIXED NITROGEN RESEARCH LABORATORY, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Under authority of the National Defense Act of June 3, 1916, the Secretary of War on March 29, 1919, established the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory as a unit of the Nitrate Divi- sion of the Ordnance Chief's Office. On July 1, 1921, the unit, which had apparently absorbed the functions of the Research Technical Sec- tion of the Nitrate Division, was transferred by Executive order from the War Department to the Department of Agriculture. In 1926 it be- came the Fertilizer Research Division of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils of that Department. Functions; To continue the various re- searches on nitrogen fixation begun during the war, to obtain further information necessary for the peacetime utilization of the two ni- trate plants constructed by the Government at Sheffield and Muscle Shoals, Ala., and to conduct such other investigations as would 199 further the solution of the problem of producing nitrogen compounds economically. Records: 1916-22 (3 1/2 feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports on the fixation of nitrogen by the cyanamide, the Haber, and the arc processes, as well as on other methods of making the va- rious forms of nitrogen available for military and agricultural uses. Also in NA is correspondence of the Nitrate Division with or pertain- ing to the Laboratory, 1919-21. References: Agriculture Department, Annual Report, 1922, p. 633-63?. FIXING OF RETAIL PRICES COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See PRICE CONTROL COMMITTEE. FLAME BRANCH, GAS AND, Trench Warfare Section, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See GAS AND FLAME BRANCH. FLAMING-LIQUID SECTION, Pyrotechnic Research Division, War Gas In- vestigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Probably organized late in 1917. Transferred with the War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 2?, 1918. Functions: To devise and perfect portable flaming-liquid guns and to test fuel mixtures for such guns for the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References; Wines' Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 31 (Bulletin 1?8A. Washington, 1919). FLAX, HEMP, AND JUTE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMSG TTEES. FLAX PRODUCTS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—Created in June 1917 as the Cotton and Linen Thread and Tapes Section. Worked in cooperation with the Advisory Committee on Linen Thread of the Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department, and with the Committee on Supplies, Council of National Defense, Became the Flax Products Section about February 15, 1918. Discontinued on December 21, 1918. Functions: To supervise activities of the producers and consumers o? flax products and, after February 25, 1918, to license and control sales and shipments of linen thread. Records: Among < those of the Board in NA. Included are general correspondence and records pertaining to licenses, 1917-18 (5 feet). FLEET CORPORATION, SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY.—See SHIPPING BOARD EMER- GENCY FLEET CORPORATION. FLEET DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. During the war its Em- ployment Section constituted a separate division of the Bureau, Functions: Primarily to deal with personnel matters. It handled pay accounts of enlisted men and accounts of armed guards, prison- ers, and interned persons; recruited and trained members of the Supply Corps; and attended to matters concerning courts martial, boards of investigation, and courts of inquiry and such miscella- neous matters as unpaid bills, surveys, claims for personal proper- ty lost in marine disasters, and questions as to rates of pay. In addition, the pressure of war work made it necessary for the Divi- sion to acquire facilities for loading supply ships, arrange for storage space for provisions on transports and at docks and naval training stations, maintain subsistence on board transports, and supervise production of contract clothing. Records; Dispersed in the general files of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts in NA. 200 FLOUR AND CEREALS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSIST- ENCE DIVISION. FLOUR AND SUGAR SECTION, Staple Groceries Division, Food Administra- tion. —See SUGAR AND FLOUR SECTION. FLOUR DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation,—Established in October 1917, After the latter part of July 1918 it negotiated purchases of wheat and other flours from the millers, work previously handled by the Milling and Cereal Divisions of the Food Administration, Functions: To handle all purchases and sales transactions in wheat flour except certain accounts kept by the Expeditionary Flour Department between July 1918 and March 1919. Records: 1917-20 (UU6 feet, combined with files inherited with the functions indicated above from the Food Ad- ministration) in NA. Include purchase, sales, shipping, and claims records, correspondence, contracts, vouchers, invoices, journals, and ledgers. Related papers are among the records of the Auditing and Expeditionary Flour Departments. FLOUR DEPARTMENT, EXPEDITIONARY, Grain Corporation.—See EXPEDITIONARY FLOUR DEPARTMENT. FLOUR DIVISION, GRAIN AND, Food Administration.—See COARSE GRAINS SECTION, Cereal Division. FLOUR SECTION, SUGAR AND, Staple Groceries Division, Food Administra- tion.—See SUGAR AND FLOUR SECTION. FLY AND MOSQUITO CONTROL SUBSECTION, Sanitary Engineering Section, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.— See SANITARY ENGINEERING SECTION. FOOD ADMINISTRATION.—Created by Executive Order No, 2679-A of August 10, 1917, under authority of the Food and Fuel Control (Lever) Act of the same date (not to be confused with the Food Production Act, also of the same date), with Herbert Hoover as Food Administrator. Branch administrations were set up in every State and in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia> and two corpo- rations, the United States Sugar Equalization Board, Inc., and the Food Administration Grain Corporation, were created to act as agents of the Administration. It worked in close cooperation with the De- partment of Agriculture and after the armistice with agencies en- gaged in the relief of Europe. The Washington office functioned through numerous divisions and sections, which were continually be- ing reorganized or combined with other units as new problems arose or as the changing situation demanded changes in emphasis. Follow- ing the armistice the activities of the Administration were gradually terminated, and after November 21, 1919, most of the remaining work was carried on by the Wheat Director, Julius H, Barnes. On August 21, 1920, all branches of the Administration still in existence were abolished by Executive Order No. 3320. Functions; To provide for the supply, distribution, and conservation of fbod, to prevent mo- nopolies and hoarding, and to maintain governmental control of foods by means of voluntary agreements and a licensing system. The follow- ing names of some of the more important Divisions give an indication of the scope and breakdown of its activities: Alimentation, Baking, Canadian Relations, Canned Foo4s, Cereal, Collateral Commodities, Coordination of Purchase, Dairy Products, Distribution, Educational, 201 Enforcement, Garbage Utilization, Home Conservation, Hotels and Restaurants, Legal, License, Marine Transportation, Meat, Mexican Relations, Milling, Miscellaneous Commodities, Perishable Foods, Schools and Colleges, Staple Groceries, States Administration, Sta- tistical, Sugar, Transportation, and Wholesale and Retail. Records: 1917-20 (13,000 feet) in NA. Include the files of the Washington office, which are relatively complete; the records of the State Food Administrations, with the exception of those of Delaware and Florida and certain files for California that are now in the Bancroft Library at Berkeley, Calif,; and the records of county and city administra- tions, which vary considerably in completeness. Papers of a number of officials of the Food Administration are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University, Calif. Refer- ences : Food Administration, Annual Reports, 1917-18; William d, ilullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917- 1919 (Stanford University, 191*1), prepared in 1921 as the final re- port of the Administration; Frank M. Surface and Raymond L. Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period (Stanford University, 1931)? Nina Almond and Harold H. Fisher, Special Collec- tions in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, 80-83 (Stanford University, 1£U6); William F. Willoughby, Government Or- Sanization in War Time and After, ch. 11 (New York, 19l£); Charles . Hardy, Wartime (Control of Prices, ch, 9 (Washington, 19^0); George P. Adams, Jr., Wartime Price Control, ch. 3 (Washington, Almon R. Wright, •'World War Food Controls and Archival Sources for Their Study,” in Agricultural History, 15: 72-83 (Apr. 19Ul)• Detailed studies of the work of two of the branch adminis- trations may be found in George N. McCain, War Rations for Pennsyl- vanians (Philadelphia, 1920), and Ivan L. Pollock, 'The Food Adminis- tration in Iowa (Iowa City, 1923). A number of articles were pub- lished in various periodicals between 1937 and 19U2 on the records in NA for the California, Idaho, Louisiana, Indiana, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Puerto Rico, Virginia, and Washington Food Administrations. POOD ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—Organized about May 1917 and probably terminated on October 1, 1918. Mrs. Joseph R. Lamar, Chairman, Functions: Served as a medium through which the cooperation of the women of the Nation with the Food Administration was obtained. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA. POOD ADMINISTRATION GRAIN CORPORATION.—See GRAIN CORPORATION. FOOD ALLOTMENT BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Established early in 1918. On October 19, 1918, it was transferred with the Division to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To allot food to the various branches of the Army. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. POOD AND NUTRITION DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established by authorization of the Secretary of War on Oc- tober 16, 1917. Continued as a Division until December 1, 1918, when it became a Section of the Sanitation Division. Shortly after the signing of the armistice the gradual discharge of the personnel of this Section was begun, and on February 15, 1920, it ceased to exist. Functions; To safeguard the nutritional interests of the Army by giving technical advice on food products, rations, diets, and food conservation; by making food surveys; and by directing 202 special laboratory investigations regarding food conservation and preservation. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FOOD AND RELIEF SECTION, Supreme Economic Council.—See SUPREME COUN- CIL FOR SUPPLY AND RELIEF and INTERALLIED POOD COUNCIL. FOOD AND SANITATION COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Depart- ment.—Created on November U, 19l£. Consisted of five members; Leo H. Baekeland, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. FOOD COMMISSION, INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. FOOD COMMITTEE, CONSULTATIVE.—See INTERALLIED WHEAT EXECUTIVE FOOD CONSERVATION DIVISION, Food Administration.—See HOME CONSERVA- TION DIVISION. FOOD CONTAINERS SECTION, SISAL AND TEXTILE, Collateral Commodities Division, Food Administration.—See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. FOOD CONTROL LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.— In existence before the war. Functions; In cooperation with the Food Administration, to searchfor flour substitutes, assist in the promulgation of restrictions on the production of beer and malt liq- uors, and furnish information on the uses and consumption of ammonia in the brewing and refrigerating industries; in cooperation with the Council of National Defense, to obtain data on and review processes for making alcohol, fusel oil, and acetone for war needs; and to analyze food samples for the War Department, the Marine Corps, the Food Administration, the Panama Railroad, the District of Columbia Commissioners, and the General Supply Committee. Records: Corre- spondence and reports for the war period are among the general and special files of the Chemistry Bureau in NA, FOOD COUNCIL, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED POOD COUNCIL, POOD COUNCIL COMMITTEE OF REPRESENTATIVES, INTERALLIED, Interallied Food Council.—See INTERALLIED POOD COUNCIL COMMITTEE OF REPRESENTA- TIVES. FOOD INVESTIGATION SECTION, Inspection Branch, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General1s Office, War Department.—Organized February 23, 1918. On October 19, 1918, it was transferred with the Branch to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To investigate the relative values of foods; to study substitution in case of shortages; to maintain a file of unreliable products and unreliable dealers; and to investigate the reliability of foods and of their producers. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. POOD PRODUCTION AND HOME ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—Organized about May 1917 and termi- nated on October 1, 1918. Mrs, Stanley McCormick, Chairman, Func- tions: To cooperate with the Agriculture Department in transmit- ting information on the production and saving of foodstuffs. Rec- ords; Some are among those of the Council in NA. FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE, Agriculture Department.—Estab- lished in the latter part of June 1917 and reconstituted before each 203 agricultural season. Loosely organized with members drawn from bu- reau chiefs and their most important subordinates, who functioned under the chairmanship of an Assistant to the Secretary (later an Assistant Secretary) or his representative. Under the Committee were Subcommittees on Animal Products, Farm Implements, the Labor Situation, Perishable Food Products, Potatoes, Production and Re- quirements, and the Possibilities of Increasing the Production of Staple Crops. Also known as the Production Program Committee and the Program Committee. Continued to exist for several years after the armistice as the General Committee on Agricultural Policies, Functions: To formulate seasonal planting programs that the Depart- ment might recommend to farmers, with suggestions for executing such programs. Records: 1917-19 (1/2 foot) in NA. Include minutes of meetings, drafts of reports, and reports of subcommittees, together with correspondence of the Secretary's Office relating to the Com- mittee, in the general files of the Secretary's Office under "Grain" and "Grain-Wheat" for 1917, under "Grain-Wheat," "Production," "Pro- duction Program," and "Program of Work" for 1918, and under "Pro- duction Committee" for 1919. FOOD PRODUCTS INSPECTION SERVICE, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—Originated as a unit operating experimentally during the 1916 shipping season. Established on November 1, 1917, as the Food Prod- ucts Inspection Service (also known as the Market Inspection of Per- ishable Foods Project) under authority of the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917. Functioned as part of, or in close relation with, the Market Grades and Standards Project, After 1919 its duties were carried on in the Fruits and Vegetables Division of the Bureau. Functions: To decrease the number of disputes causing delays in the unloading of perishable foods; to improve the distribution, acceler- ate the transportation, and further the conservation of foodstuffs by investigating and certifying to shippers and other interested parties the quality and condition of fruits, vegetables, and other perishable farm products when received at important central markets; and to inspect perishable foods for the armed forces and aid those forces in organizing such inspection. Records; 1917-21 (31/2 feet) in NA. Carbon copies of inspection certificates issued at Cleveland, New York, and Washington and correspondence of staff mem- bers with Bureau authorities and the public. POOD PURCHASE BOARD.—Created in December 1917 but not formally recog- nized until the President issued an Executive order on May 8, 1918, clothing the Board with legal authority. Composed of representatives of the Array, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Coordination of Purchase Division of the Food Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission Its last meeting was held in December 1918 and its records were closed in February 1919. Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan, Chairman. Functions: To coordinate the purchasing of food for the armed forces and civilian and Allied buying; to maintain a list of conserved food commodities upon which special limitations and embargoes were placed; and to recommend to buying offices prices and sources of food sup- plies. Recordst 1917-19 (U feet) in NA, Include minutes of meet- ings, correspondence of the secretary of the Board, who generally was a member of the staff of the Food Administration, exhibits, and re- ports. FOOD SECTION, Supreme Economic Council.—Established on February 2U, 1919, succeeding the Permanent Committee of the Supreme Council of Supply and Relief. Also assumed the functions of the Interallied Food Council, Held its first meeting on February 27, 1919, and 20k continued to meet weekly or biweekly until early August, when the Council was dissolved. Robert A. Taft and Col. James A. Logan, Jr., American representatives. Herbert Hoover, Chairman. Functions; To deal with problems relating to food supply. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References: Frank M. Surface and Raymond L. Bland, Ameri- can Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period, 28-29 (Stanford University, 1931)• FOOD SUPPLY COMMITTEE, Agriculture Department.—Probably established in November 1916 and continued to function through the early part of 1917. Membership composed originally of two representatives of the Bureau of Animal Industry, two of the States Relations Service, and the Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, who acted as Chairman. Representatives of the Office of Markets and Rural Organization (later the Bureau of Markets) and of the Bureau of Crop Estimates soon were added as members or consultants. Members of the staff of the Bureau of Fisheries also served as consultants. Functions: TO ascertain the quantity of foodstuffs available and to estimate fu- ture supplies; to determine the extent to which food prices were justified; and to consider the extent to which it might be advisable for the Department to stimulate production of food products and the use of substitutes. Records: A few reports of meetings with memo- randa prepared by Committee members (filed under "Food”), together with papers drawn up in the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture concerning the work of the Committee, are in the general files of the Office of the Secretary for 1916 in NA, FOOD SURVEYS OF THE UNITED STATES, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—Functioned.as early as July 1917. Formally established as a project in August 1917 with funds and authority provided by the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917* which empowered the Secretary of Agriculture, with the President's approval, to require of persons certain types of information possessed by them regarding the food supply. Functioned with the assistance of the States Relations Serv- ice and the Bureaus of Crop Estimates and of Chemistry. Terminated on June 30, 1919. Also known as the War Emergency Food Survey. Functions: To aid the Government and the public in planning pro- duction, efficient distribution, and conservation of food by pro- viding information, in the form of periodic or special reports, con- cerning food supply of the country, particularly as to the quantity of important food commodities in the hands of fanners, manufacturers,' dealers, storage agencies, and householders and the rate of consump- tion of these commodities. Records; 1917-19 (19 feet) in NA, In- clude memoranda, circular letters, schedule forms, and editing and tabulating instructions, 1917-18, and schedules and tabulation sheets relating to a survey of household stocks of December 20, 1917; corre- spondence between the project head and Bureau authorities among the Markets Bureau correspondence files; and an unpublished report for 1918 in the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics "manu- script files." Large quantities of schedules were destroyed in 1918 and 1920, and most of the correspondence of the project was destroyed in 1926. FOODS, ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TOXICITY OF PRESERVED, Medicine and Re- lated Sciences Division, National Research Council.—See TOXICITY OF PRESERVED FOODS ADVISORY COMMITTEE. FORAGE BRANCH, Fuel and Forage Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department.—Organized on December lU, 1917, as the Fuel and Forage Branch, Supplies Division. Became the Forage Branch of 205 the newly organized Fuel and Forage Division on January 26, 1918. Transferred to the Subsistence Division in October 1918, when that Division was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To handle the procurement of forage for animals overseas and in the United States and insular possessions. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FORAGE BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director’s Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. FORAGE BRANCH, FUEL AND, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Distri- bution Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See FUEL AND FORAGE BRANCH. FORECAST DIVISION, Weather Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Organized in 1893 to coordinate the forecasting duties exercised since 1870 by the Forecast Room, the River and Flood Room, and the Telegraph Divi- sion. Functions: During the war it furnished special forecasts to Army camps and naval bases and to railroads and truckers and helped to train forecast officials for work with the armed forces. Records: Among the general files of the Bureau in NA, FOREIGN AGENTS AND REPORTS BUREAU, War Trade Board.—Established on November 2, 1917. Maintained agents (designated as "special assist- ants of the Department of State") in 26 countries, whose reports were abstracted in the Washington office and referred to the proper bureau heads or Board members until April 18, 1918, when most of this work was turned over to the Research Bureau. By June 1, 1918, only seven of the foreign offices were being maintained. In the fall of 1918 the name was changed to Foreign Agents Bureau, Transferred to the State Department in accordance with an Executive order of March 3, 1919. Functions: To instruct and direct the agents in foreign coun- tries who were engaged in carrying out the policies of or collecting information for the Board, and to make available the reports and in- formation received from these agents and other official sources abroad Records: Among those of the Consular Bureau in the State Department. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE BUREAU, Commerce Department.—Established in 1912 and still in existence. During the war it functioned through the following Divisions: Commercial Agents, Commercial Attaches, Dis- trict Offices, Foreign Investigations, Export Licenses, Far Eastern, Foreign Tariff, Latin American, Research, Statistics, and Trade Infor- mation. Functions: To promote the foreign and domestic commerce of the United States. During the war it gathered information concerning industrial and trade conditions at home and abroad; assisted in the procurement of raw materials and other essential war suppliesj ad- justed difficulties between business houses and Government agencies; and undertook to solve problems involving trade restrictions. It maintained close relationships with nearly all war agencies. Recordst In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. References: Laurence F. Schmeckebler and Gustavus A, Weber, The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 33-36 (Baltimore, 192U). FOREIGN AND INSULAR (MARITIME) QUARANTINE AND IMMIGRATION DIVISION, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—Probably in existence before the war. Functions: To enforce laws and regulations for preventing the introduction into the United States of quarantinable diseases, including, following the armistice, the investigation of 206 the sanitary conditions of all ports from which troops or emigrants would embark for the United States. Records: Some for the period of the war are among those of the Service in NA, including reports of quarantine stations and records of inspections of such stations. FOREIGN BORN DIVISION, WORK WITH THE, Committee on Public Informa- tion.—See WORK WITH THE FOREIGN BORN DIVISION. FOREIGN CLAIMS SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department.— See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. FOREIGN EDUCATIONAL WORK DIVISION.—See FOREIGN SECTION, Committee on Public Information. FOREIGN EXCHANGE DIVISION, Federal Reserve Board.—Organized on Janu- ary 30, 1918, to administer powers given to the Secretary of the Treasury by the President under the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917, and the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917. Functions: To keep apprised of foreign exchange operations and to prevent aTl transactions directly or indirectly of benefit to the enemy. Rec- ords: In the custody of the Board of Governors of the Federal Re- serve System. FOREIGN EXPERIENCE SECTION, Conservation Division, War Industries Board.—See CONSERVATION DIVISION. FOREIGN HIDES AND SKINS SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—Degan work on May 21, 1918. Its members also served in the Hide and Leather Control Branch, Supply and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment, until that unit was abolished on October 1, 1918. Discontinued on December 31, 1918, with a recommendation that its activities be continued by the Bureau of Markets, Agriculture Department. Func- tions ; To prevent the development of a runaway market, threatened because of an embargo on imports of hides and skins and increased ♦ Government demands fbr leather and leather goods, by controlling prices, allocating available supplies, and encouraging conservation. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, FOREIGN INFLUENCE, ENEMY PROPAGANDA SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—One of the four Sections out of which grew the Branch. Operated through seven Subsections, as follows; Executive, Departmental, Propaganda, For- eign, Legal and Liaison, Research, and Labor and Sabotage. Functions To study espionage and propaganda directed against the United States or its Allies; also to study any subversive actions that had a bear- ing upon the military situation. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, State Department.—Originated as the Information Division, established in 1909. Became the Foreign In- telligence Division by Departmental Order No. 82, May 7, 1917. Superseded by the Foreign Information Division in 1921, although some of its functions were assumed by the Publications Division. Functions: To prepare news items for the press; to exercise censor- ship over and to control departmental publicity; to furnish confi- dential information to diplomatic and consular officers; to supply the Department with press bulletins; and to distribute through news agencies explanations of American policies and activities. Records; In the Communications and Records Division, State Department. 207 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SECTION, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See POSITIVE BRANCH. FOREIGN INVESTIGATIONS DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Commerce Department.—See COMMERCIAL AGENTS DIVISION. FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.- Organized in April 1917 and discontinued in March 1918. William Churchill, Director, Also known as the Division of Foreign Language Publications. Functions: To keep a close watch on foreign language newspapers and to perform translating services. Records? 1917-18 (6 inches) in NA. Consist of propaganda articles and translations from Swiss newspapers in the German language. "Foreign newspapers" disposed of in 1928 as useless papers may have been records of this Division. FOREIGN IANGUAGE PRESS SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Mili- tary Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. FOREIGN LANGUAGE PUBLICATIONS DIVISION, Committee on Public Informa- tion,—See FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER DIVISION. FOREIGN LOAN BUREAU, Treasury Department.—A temporary unit over which, in April 1918, an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury was placed. Functions: To supervise the loans by the Government of the United States to foreign governments made under acts of April 2U and Sep- tember 2U, 1917, and April k and July 9, 1918, which vested authority in the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, to establish credits in favor of foreign governments engaged in war with the enemies of the United States? and to the extent of the credits so established, to purchase from such governments their sev- eral obligations. Records: In the Treasury Department. References: Lloyd M. Short, The development of National Administrative Organiza- tion in the United States, 287-288 (Baltimore, 1923). FOREIGN MAILS DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In existence before tiie war. Renamed the International Postal Service Division in 1928. Functions: In addition to its regular duties, to provide mail facill ties for the American Expeditionary Forces? after July 1, 1918, to cooperate with the Military Postal Express Service of the War De- partment, which assumed responsibility for this work? and to assist the War Trade Board in the licensing of merchandise through the for- eign mails. Records: Some may be among those of the Department in NA. Others are in the Post Office Department. FOREIGN MARKETING INVESTIGATIONS, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—Established in 1916 in order to prepare for the return of nor- mal conditions. Functioned during the fiscal year 1919 with the aid of emergency funds. Activities made normal functions of the Bureau by an appropriation act for the fiscal year 1922. Placed in the Sta- tistical and Historical Research Division, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, in 1922, Duties now performed by the Foreign Agricultural Relations Office, Functions: To handle questions relating to ex- ports and imports of agricultural products brought to the attention of the Bureau. To promote post-war reconstruction of American agri- culture by providing statistical and news services relating to Ameri- can foreign trade in agricultural products, by investigating facili- ties for handling exports and markets for exports of American farm and nonmanufactured food products, by advertising such products, and 208 by negotiating for their export. Records: 1916-22 (5 feet) in NA. Include consular reports accumulated by the project, scattered among the "Reports on Foreign Agricultural Conditions," 190U-38, of the Foreign Agricultural Relations Office; correspondence of staff mem- bers with Bureau authorities, the project head, and the public in the Markets Bureau central correspondence files; and unpublished re- ports, 1917-19, in the "manuscript files" of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics. FOREIGN NEWS BUREAU, News Department, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See NEWS DEPARTMENT. FOREIGN PERMIT OFFICE, Passport Control Division, State Department.— Established by Departmental Order No. 115, August 13, 1918, pursuant to a Presidential proclamation and Executive order of August 8, 1918. Discontinued on June 30, 1920, by Departmental Order No. 170, June 15, 1920, Functions; To perform work relating to the issuance of passports to aliens preparing to leave the United States, Records: In the Communications and Records Division, State Department FOREIGN PICTURE SERVICE DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.— Authorized by Executive Order No, 277U-A, December 17, 1917, al- though it had been actually organized in October. Office in New York Direction of the Division was taken over by the newly created Films Division of the Foreign Section in July 1918, Jules E. Brulatour and Lt. John Tuerk, Directors successively. Functions; To furnish motion pictures to American soldiers at home and abroad and, through such organizations as the T. M. C. A., to the Allies. The Division promoted the dissemination abroad of "educational" films by cooper- ating with thei War Trade Board in licensing' their exports. Records; 1917-19 (8 feet) in NA. Records of films reviewed for export, film receipts and shipments, and accounting records. FOREIGN PRESS BUREAU-MAIL SERVICE, Foreign Section, Committee on Public Information.—Established in November 1917 to supplement the work abroad of the Foreign Press-Wireless and Cable Service. Office in New York. Cooperated with the Division of Syndicate Features, the Division of Pictures, and representatives of the Committee abroad. Terminated in May 1919. Ernest Poole, Director. Functions: To compile and to mail weekly for dissemination abroad press material, consisting largely of news and feature articles but including also some posters and pamphlets and pictures to illustrate the articles. Records; 1918-19 (7 feet) in NA. .Include some press material, requisitions, purchase orders, and accounting records. The records of the Service were in large part disposed of as useless papers in 1930.' FOREIGN PRESS-WIRELESS AND CABLE SERVICE, Foreign Section, Committee on Public Information.—Began functioning in September 1917. Main office in New York, Maintained agents in Europe, Asia, and South America. The longest-lived of the Committee's divisions, it was terminated in June 1919, after facilitating transmission to the United States of news concerning the Peace Conference. Walter S. Rogers, Director, Functions; To disseminate to the world by means of wireless and cables daily news dispatches from the United States, Records; 1917-19 (1 foot) in NA. Telegrams, cables, press releases, and financial records. A considerable quantity of records was dis- posed of in 1930 as useless papers. 209 FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENTAL AND, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See GOVERNMENTAL AND FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT. FOREIGN RELATIONS SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See ALLIED RELATIONS SECTION. FOREIGN RELATIONS SECTION, General Relations Division, National Re- search Council.—Organized in 1917 under the chairmanship of George E, Hale and was a part of the Administrative Division of the Council until the war organization was established, when it became a part of the General Relations Division. In the reorganization that followed the end of the war, it became the Division of Foreign Relations. Functions: Its chief work was to participate in plans for the inter- national organization of research. These plans took form when the International Research Council was provisionally constituted at Paris in November 1918. Records: In the National Research Council. FOREIGN RELIEF DEPARTMENT, American National Red Cross War Council.- See AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL. FOREIGN RELIEF DEPARTMENT, HOME AND, Woman’s Committee, Council of National Defense.—See HOME AND FOREIGN RELIEF DEPARTMENT. FOREIGN REQUIREMENTS BUREAU, LUBRICANTS AND, Oil Division, Fuel Ad- ministration.—See LUBRICANTS AND FOREIGN REQUIREMENTS BUREAU. FOREIGN SALES SECTION, External Relations Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See EXTERNAL RELA- TIONS BRANCH. FOREIGN SECTION, Committee on Public Information.—Began work abroad about September 1917, at first under the direct supervision of George Creel, Chairman of the Committee. Operate I mainly through the For- eign Press-Wireless and Cable Service, Foreign Press Bureau-Mail * Service, the Division of Foreign Picture Service, and local repre- sentatives abroad. Terminated in June 1919. Arthur Woods, Will Irwin, and Edgar Sisson, Directors successively. Also known as the Division of Foreign Educational Work. Functions : To disseminate abroad news and educational information regarding the United States. Records: 1917-19 (32 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, reports from representatives abroad, records of the postal censorship, news summaries, newspaper clippings, press releases, and news bulletins. Some records of the offices of the Committee’s representatives abroad are also in NA. "Cables and daily reports of foreign bu- reaus" were among records disposed of as useless papers in 1928. FOREIGN SERVICE COMMITTEE, National Research Council.—Created in April 1917, with Joseph S. Ames as Chairman, Functions; Soon after American entry into the war, its members went to Europe, where they obtained military and industrial information from the French and British Governments and from scientists engaged in research on war problems. Records: In the National Research Council. FOREIGN SERVICE DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Com- merce Department.—See COMMERCIAL AGENTS DIVISION. 210 FOREIGN TARIFF DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Com- merce Department.—An agency antedating the creation of the Bureau and still in existence. Functions: To furnish information regard- ing foreign tariffs and other trade regulations. During the war it supplied war agencies, especially the Shipping Board and War Trade Board, with information regarding trade restrictions in foreign countries. Later it studied the post-war tariff policies of for- eign countries. Records: In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. FOREIGN TRADE ADVISER'S OFFICE, State Department.—Originated in 1912. Functions; Under Departmental Order No. 86 of October 8, 1917, the Office was given the function of conducting all correspondence of a routine nature with foreign diplomatic representatives in Washington and with American representatives abroad with reference to the issu- ance of export licenses and of answering all requests from the Ex- ports Administrative Board for information as to whether it was de- sirable to grant export licenses for shipments to certain consignees in foreign countries. After the Exports Administrative Board was replaced by the War Trade Board, Departmental Order No. 90 of Novem- ber 26, 1917, required the Office to answer such requests from that Board. The Office of the Adviser on Commercial Treaties, estab- lished in 1916, was made a part of the Foreign Trade Adviser's Of- fice in 1920. Records; In the Communications and Records Division, State Department FOREIGN IDOL SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—Created on June 13 and discontinued on December 21, 1918. For a period following July 17, 1918, while the Chief of the Section was its work was performed by the Woolens Section. Functions: To handle Government purchases of foreign wool. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, Included is correspondence of the Chief, A. M. Patterson. FOREST PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Probably in operation from February to October 1918. Functions; To supervise vessels handling mahogany for the Army, timber an3 lumber for the Corporation, and forest products for the general timber and lumber trade. Records: Where- abouts unknown. FOREST PRODUCTS JOINT OFFICE, LUMBER AND.—See LUMBER AND FOREST PROD- UCTS JOINT OFFICE. FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY, Forest Service, Agriculture Department.— Established in June 1910 at Madison, Wis,, through title cooperation of the University of Wisconsin and the Forest Service. The Univer- sity furnished the plant and utilities, and the Forest Service sup- plied tiie raw materials and a staff. During the war the staff was increased from i;5 to U58. Functions: During the war, its regular functions of rendering practical assistance to manufacturers and users of wood through studies of timber mechanics, preservative treatment of woods, kiln-drying, timber physics, paper-pulp making, and wood derivatives and of promoting forest conservation and the practice of forestry were continued. Special emphasis was placed on research on the uses of forest products in aviation, on the making of explosives, on kiln-drying, wood specifications, water- proof coatings, glue, plywood and veneer, charcoal, wood pulp, and shipping containers. In its work on shipping containers, the Laboratory made box and crate tests, developed specifications for 211 containers, and conducted schools for Army officers. Records; 1917-18 (68 feet) in NA, Include production reports with infortaa- tion on the supply and availability of forest products for such wartime uses as airplane and ship construction; correspondence be- tween the Washington office of the Service and the Forest Products Laboratory; and technical reports pertaining to its investigations. FOREST PRODUCTS SECTION, Purchases Division, Railroad Administration.— Established as part of the Central Advisory Purchasing Committee of the Finance and Purchases Division in September 1918. Maintained branches in New Orleans and Seattle and cooperated with the War In- dustries Board, Transferred to the Purchases Division on March 15, 1919, and probably discontinued with the Division on April 1, 1920, Functions: To cooperate in the procurement, treatment, and distri- bution o? all raw materials of wood. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. FOREST SERVICE, Agriculture Department.—The Bureau of Forestry became the Forest Service in 1905. In the same year the administration of the national forests was transferred from the Interior Department to the Agriculture Department. Functions: Its regular functions of protecting, managing, and improving the national forests and promoting the conservation and best use of private and State owned forest lands were continued during the war and special experiments were conducted to learn the best use of the country's wood supplies for aircraft, wooden ships, boxes, crates, structural timber, and wood for offensive and defensive gas warfare. It also guarded means of communication, engaged in activities connected with wood fuel campaigns, and did translation work for the Army War College. Regiments of woodsmen were enlisted for forest service in the United States and the Allied countries. Records: Those in NA for the war period (90 feet) in- clude correspondence in regard to the 10th and 20th Engineers and memoranda, reports, and other papers dealing with the cooperation between the Forest Service and other Government agencies during the war. Other records for the war period remain in the Agriculture Department. References: Jenks Cameron, The Development of Govern- mental Forestliontrol in the United States (Baltimore, 1928); Darrell H. Smith, The Forest Service (Washington, 1930). FORESTRY COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fish- eries Division, National Research Council,—Appointed in 1917, with Raphael Zon and I. W. Bailey as members, to serve as a correlating agency for research in forestry and wto represent the interests of forestry and its relation to work in botany and agriculture." Records; In the National Research Council, FORESTRY SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions; To study forestry problems and to train and provide personnel for this work for the American Expeditionary Forces. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. FORGING SPECIFICATIONS, JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON GUN.—See JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON GUN FORGING SPECIFICATIONS. FORGINGS, ORDNANCE, SMALL ARMS, AND SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—Created on June 1 and discontinued on December 20, 1918. Also known as the Ordnance Section and the Ordnance, Forgings, Machining, and Small Arms Section. Functions; To carry on the programs of design, specifications, and 212 procurement of the commodities previously handled by the Small Arms and Ammunition Committee, Munitions Standards Board, Council of National Defense, Records: Among those of the Board in NA. FORTIFICATION AND MAPPING DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Created by an Office circular of July 8, 1918, to assume all duties in connection with fortifi- cations and military mapping formerly assigned to the Equipment and Construction Division. Merged into the Fortification, Design, and Construction Section of the Military Construction Division upon the formation of that Division some time prior to February 2h, 1919} the mapping duties were assumed by the Military Mapping Section of the Division. Functions: To supervise the procurement of enlisted men and the training of engineer troops and engineer military opera- tions in connection with seacoast fortifications and military map- ping. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FORTIFICATION BOARD, ORDNANCE AND, War Department.—See ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION BOARD. FORTIFICATION, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION SECTION, Military Construction Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War DepartmentSee FORTIFICATION AND MAPPING DIVISION, Military Branch. FORTIFICATION DIVISION, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, War Depart- ment.—See MILITARY BRANCH. FORTIFICATIONS AND CABLEGRAMS SECTION, Equipment and Construction Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established prior to the end of 1917. By an office circular of July 8, 1918, its functions were transferred to the new- ly created Fortification and Mapping and Equipment and Operations Divisions. Functions: To supervise the procurement of enlisted men and the trainingof engineer troops for seacoast fortifications and cable stations. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FOUR MINUTE MEN DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Organized privately in Chicago by Donald M. Ryerson, and taken over by the Committee on Public Information on June 16, 1917. At its height it controlled 75,000 speakers throughout the country. In September 1918 it was consolidated with the Speaking Division to form the Speakers1 Bureau. Terminated December 31, 1918. Donald M. Ryerson, William McCormick Blair, and William H. Ingersoll, Directors suc- cessively. Functions; To provide subjects for four-minute speeches, and to supervise their delivery by a volunteer corps of speakers, whose principal audiences were irt theaters throughout the country. Records: 1917-19 (16 feet) in NA. Include bulletins issued for the use of speakers (1*6 nos.) and card records of speakers. Some records of the Division were disposed of as useless papers in 1928. FRAUD AND GRAFT SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Originated in the Quartermaster General's Office early in 1918 as a unit headed by a Military Intelli- gence officer on detail. Transferred to the Military Intelligence Division on July 13, 1918, and constituted a Subsection of the Army Section, On September 2U, 1918, it was made a separate Section (sometimes called the Graft and Fraud Section), because of the growth of the work. It functioned until June 30, 1920, when its duties were transferred to the Inspector General's Department by the provisions 213 of War Department Circular No. 268, July 16, 1920. Functions: To detect and prevent fraud and graft in the purchase and handling of military stores. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. FREIGHT CLAIM SECTION, Law Division, Railroad Administration.—Created in August 1918; it was abolished and its functions were taken over by the Claims and Property Protection Section of the Law Division on September 1, 1918. Functions; To handle claims relating to losses and damages of freight and to take measures to prevent such losses. Records: Among those of the Division in NA. FREIGHT RELEASE BRANCH, OVERSEAS, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See OVERSEAS FREIGHT RELEASE BRANCH. FREIGHT TRAFFIC BRANCH, Rail Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about March 11, 1919, as essentially a continuation of the Property Movements Branch of the Inland Transportation Service. Probably also known as the Cargo Branch. Operated through seven Sections, as follows: Bills of Lading and Transportation Requests; Adjustments and Decisions; Expedition and Demurrage; Rail Equipment; Reconsignments and Diver- sions; Transportation Orders; and Express Shipments, In addition, it included a Priorities Committee, which consisted of the heads of Subsections, as follows; Quartermaster, Ordnance, Signal Corps, Aviation, Medical Corps, Engineer Corps, Chemical Warfare, Refrig- eration, Animal, and Statistical, Functions: To follow shipments- through from point of origin to port in France, and to maintain a similar system covering shipments from France. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. FREIGHT TRAFFIC COMMITTEES, Traffic Division, Railroad Administra- tion,—Created July 22, 1918. There was an eastern committee with headquarters in New York City; a southern in Atlanta; and a western in Chicago. These were coordinated by the Traffic Section of the Division of Public Service and Accounting. Probably discontinued with the Traffic Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To handle matters relating to changes in freight rates, rules, and regulations in official eastern, southern, and western classification territories Records; Whereabouts unknown. FREIGHT TRAFFIC CONTROL COMMITTEE, Operation Division, Railroad Adminis tration.—Created on April 23 and abolished on December 1, 1918. Functions: To facilitate the movement of freight traffic through Poiomac Yard, Va., Hagerstown, Md., and Hampton Roads, Va., and to decide on embargoes affecting traffic passing through these points. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. FREIGHTS AND LICENSES, COFFEE COMMITTEE ON.—See COFFEE COMMITTEE ON FREIGHTS AND LICENSES. FRESH MILK AND BREAD DIVISION, Food Administration.—See BAKING DIVI- SION. FRUIT AND VEGETABLE UTILIZATION LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To study methods for drying fruits and vegetables with a view to improv- ing the dehydration industry. Records; Those for the war period are interfiled with records of the Bureau in NA. 2 lii FRUITS AND VEGETABLES MARKET NEWS SERVICE, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Established July 1, 1916, as a separate project entitled "Collecting and Distributing Market Information" to carry on work begun in 1915. Greatly expanded under the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, and supplementary appropriations of 1918. Func- tioned in close relation with the Market Surveys, Methods, and Costs Project. On November 2h, 1919, it was placed under the Fruits and Vegetables Division of the Bureau. Functions: To improve distribu- tion, accelerate transportation, further conservation, and stabilize prices of perishables by collecting and distributing information con- cerning supply, commercial movement, and market prices of fruits and vegetables. Records: 1915-UO (150 feet) in NA, Include processed copies of news bulletins issued at various stations; correspondence of staff members with Bureau authorities, the project head, and the public in the Market Surveys correspondence files, 1917-18, and in the Markets Bureau central correspondence files; and detailed annual reports, combined with those of related projects, in the "manuscript files" of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Adminis- tration.—Organized in August 1917; transferred to the Canned Foods Division in October 1918, Functions: To prevent waste in transpor- tation and to regulate storage charges and the marketing of fresh fruits and vegetables. Records: 1917-18 (12 feet) in NA, Corre- spondence, interoffice memoranda, and related papers. FRUITS SECTION, CANNED AND DRIED, Canned Foods Division, Food Adminis- tration.—See CANNED FOODS DIVISION. FUEL ADMINISTRATION.—Authorized by the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917. Harry A, Garfield was appointed Fuel Administrator by the President on August 23, 1917. The principal operative units were the Administrative, Distribution, and Oil Divisions, which in turn had many subunits. Some of the Fuel Administration’s early work was based upon data gathered by the Federal Trade Commission. AJ'ter the armistice was signed, the activities of the Administration came gradually to a close, and it officially terminated on July 1, 1919. On October 29, 1919, however, the Fuel Administrator was recalled to assist in temporarily restoring fuel regulations, and served, together with a few advisers, until December 13, 1919, working through the Railroad Administration, Functions: To exercise supervision over the production, distribution, and conservation of fuel. The Adminis- tration was at first concerned with coal and coke because of the great shortage during the winter of 1918-19. The importance of oil to industrial life and to modem warfare was soon recognized, however, and the Oil Division was created. General standardization of specifi- cations, improved production methods, more efficient transportation, and the advancement of conservation practices were among the contribu- tions of the Administration. Records: 1917-19 (2,116 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, memoranda, tabulations, statistical data, and specialized records dealing with almost all phases of the production, distribution, and consumption of coal, coke, and oil. Matters relating to the supplying of the armed forces, of industry, and o f the Allies are dealt with, and there is much material concern- ing conservation and increased efficiency in consumption. The gener- al regulatory and educational policies o f the Administration and the effects and successes of such policies are shown in detail. Refer- ences: William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After, ch. 12 (New York, 1919); Charles 0. Hardy, Wartime Control of Prices, ch. 10 (Washington, 19U0); George P. Adams, Jr., Wartime 215 Price Control, ch. U (Washington, 19U2). The Fuel Administration Issued no annual reports. After the close of its activities there appeared the Report of the Distribution Division, 1918-1919, by Carl E. Lesher and Vfayne P. fillis (I9I9. 3 vols.), the Report of Engineers Committee, 1918-1919 (1919), the Final Report of the 6usine35~~Manager, eoited by~£awrence Mitchell (1920), and part 1 of ihe Report of tHe Administrative Division, 1917-1919 (1920), which consists of reports of the"Bureau of State Organizations and of the Federal Fuel Administrators for the various States and districts, edited by George E, Howes. Appearing in one volume, published in 1921, were three reports: the Final Report of the United States Fuel Administrator, 1917-1919, by Harry A. Garfield; part 2 of the Report of the Administrative Division, 1917-1919, which consists entirely of reports of the bureaus with headquarters at Washington, edited by George E. Howes; and the Report of the Oil Division, 1917-1919, by Mark L. Requa. FUEL AND FORA® BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Distribu- tion Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and discontinued in January 1919. Functions: To be responsible for the delivery of the following classes of supplies to ports of embarkation and for securing priorities and releases therefor: Forage, oil and greases, and gasoline in bulk and drum. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. FUEL AND FORA® DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established December lU, 1917, as a Branch in the Supplies Division. On January 19, 1913, by General Orders, No. 8, it became a Division, Its functions were expanded by General Orders, No. 23, of March U, and General Orders, No. 53, of May 27. By October 28, the Division had split up, its Fuel and Oil Branches going to form the basis for the Raw Materials Division of the Office of the Direc- tor of Purchase and Storage, and its Forage Branch going to the Sub- sistence Division. Functions; To handle the procurement, purchase, and distribution of fuel, oil, and forage for the Army. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. FUEL AND FUEL HANDLING COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Depart- ment .—Organized early in 1916. Consisted of 10 members; Spencer Miller, Chairman. Acted in conjunction with the Naval Fuel Oil Board. Functions: To gather and make available for the Navy Depart- ment engineering, scientific, and industrial information concerning the supply, transportation, storage, and use of fuel oil. Records; In the Navy Department. References: Lloyd N. Scott, The Naval Consulting Board of the United States, 56-63 (Washington, 1920). FUEL AND PERSONNEL DIVISION. Steam Engineerring Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Established in 19lit to take over certain functions of the former Bureau of Equipment. Discontinued about 1921. Functions; To have charge of the inspection of fuel for the Navy; the prepa- ration of specifications for fuel; the supervision of the Naval Petroleum Reserve; the detail of engineering personnel in coopera- tion with the Bureau of Navigation; and the confidential files of the Bureau. Records: 191U-21 (combined with the general files of the Bureau of Engineering, total U,13U feet) in NA. Chiefly corre- spondence, Other records are in the Navy Department. 216 FUEL AND POWER SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See MISCELLANEOUS SECTION. FUEL BRANCH, Fuel and Forage Division, Quartemaster General's Office, War Department.—Originally part of the Fuel and Forage Branch, Sup- plies Division. On January 19, 1918, it became a Branch of the new- ly created Fuel and Forage Division. Transferred on October 28, 1918, as the Fuels Branch to the Raw Materials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To handle the procure- ment of the coal, coke, and wood required by the Army; and to assist manufacturers of supplies for the Army to obtain necessary fuel. Rec- ords: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FUEL CONSERVATION SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Administra- tion,—Created on May 1, 1918} probably abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions t To develop efficient and economical methods of fuel consumption in locomotives and railroad power plants; to improve the quality of fuel consumed; and to instruct enginemen in the economical use of fuel. Records i Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. FUEL DISTRIBUTION SECTION, RAILROAD, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. FUEL DIVISION, LOGISTICS AND, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—See LOGISTICS AND FUEL DIVISION. FUEL OIL SECTION, Oil Conservation Bureau, Oil Division, Fuel Adminis- tration. —See OIL CONSERVATION BUREAU. FUEL OIL SECTION, Petroleum Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Depart- ment.—See PETROLEUM DIVISION, FUEL REQUIREMENTS, NAVY CONTRACTORS SECTION, Logistics and Fuel Divi- sion, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Existed from 1917 to 1920. Functions; In charge of the procurement of naval fuel supplies for contractors having Navy contracts. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. FUEL SECTION, Purchases Division, Railroad Administration,—Originally established on June 11, 1918, as part of the Central Advisory Pur- chasing Committee of the Finance and Purchases Division. Trans- ferred to the Purchases Division on March 15, 1919. Probably abol- ished on April 1, 1920; thereafter its unfinished work was handled, first, by the Director General's Office, and, after May 19, 1920, by the Liquidation Claims Division of the Administration. Functions: To act as liaison between the Railroad and Fuel Administrations, and to devise a plan that would Insure the Railroad Administration an adequate fuel supply. Records; Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. FUEL SECTION, Raw Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— See RAW MATERIALS BRANCH. FUEL SECTION, ALLOTMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF NAVY, Logistics and Fuel Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See ALLOT- MENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF NAVY FUEL SECTION. 217 FUEL STOCKS AND VESSEL ASSIGNMENTS, Logistics and Fuel Division, Sup- plies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Existed from 1917 to 1920. Functions: To have charge of assignments for loading of and ports of discharge for fuel cargoes, the assignments being based on requirements of vessels bunkering at the various portsj the upkeep of stocks of fuel at fuel depots; and th'e placing of orders with Navy contractors for the supplying of fuel. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. FUEL ZONE COMMITTEE, JOINT, Railroad Administration.—See JOINT FUEL ZONE COMMITTEE. FUELING FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT SECTION, Logistics and Fuel Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—See DEVELOPMENT OF FUELING FACILITIES SECTION. FUELS BRANCH, Raw Materials and Paints Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—By Purchase and Storage Notice No, 13 of October 28, 1918, the Fuel and Forage Division of the Quartermaster General's Office, exclusive of the Forage Branch, was transferred to the Raw Materials Division, where it became the Fuels Branch. In existence when the Division became a Branch of the Regular Supplies Division of the Purchase Service on August 18, 1919. Functions: To maintain contact with the Fuel Administration in the coordination of Army coal and coke procurement requirements and in the allocation of fuel sapplies to Army contrac- tors, After the close of the war this Branch procured coal for the Army by direct purchase. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. FUELS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF, National Research Council.—See CHEMIS- TRY OF FUELS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division. FUNDING DIVISION, Finance Service, War Department.—Established on October 11, 1918. Functioned through Executive, Apportionment and Allotments Accounts, and Funds Distribution Branches. Functions: To supervise the distribution of funds and allotments to disbursing officers. Records; In the Finance Chief's Office, War Department, FUNGICIDE BOARD, INSECTICIDE AND, Agriculture Department.—See INSECTI- CIDE AND FUNGICIDE BOARD. FUNGICIDE LABORATORY, INSECTICIDE AND, Miscellaneous Division, Chemis- try Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See INSECTICIDE AND FUNGICIDE LABORATORY. FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT SECTION, Operating Division, Housing Corpora- tion.—See OPERATING DIVISION. FUZE AND CARTRIDGE CASE BRANCH, Projectile Section, Procurement Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on April 12, 1918. Functions: To handle the purchase of complete fuzes, primers, and cartridge cases of all kinds. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. FUZE BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on September 20, 1917; transferred to the Procurement Division by Gun Division Order No. 57, January 13, 1918. Functions; To handle all business negotiations in connection with 218 the purchase of complete fuzes of all kinds and of primers, not including the handling of the raw materials for fuzes or any pack- ing containers. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. FUZE GROUP, Artillery Ammunition and Trench Warfare Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Depart- ment.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH. FUZE SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See PROJECTILE SECTION. 219 G GARBAGE AND FERTILIZER SECTION, Waste Materials Branch, Salvage Divi- sion, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--See WASTE MATERIALS BRANCH. GARBAGE SECTION, FERTILIZER AND, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GAR- DENING BRANCH. GARBAGE UTILIZATION DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in Novem- ber 1917. In October 1918 it became a Section in the Collateral Com- modities Division. On March 7, 1919, its functions were transferred to the Soils Bureau, Agriculture Department. Functions: To encour- age the building of garbage reduction plants from which to procure fats, glycerine, and fertilizer, and to promote the use of garbage as hog feed where reduction plants were not established. Records: 1917-21 (9 feet) in NA. Correspondence, a tabulation of garbage dis- posal systems and uses to which garbage could be put, and related records. References: William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919, 101-103 (Stanford University, 19U1)? Food Administration, Garbage Utilization, With Particular Ref- erence to Utilization by Feeding (Washington, 191B). GARDEN ARMY, SCHOOL, Education Bureau, Interior Department.—See SCHOOL GARDEN ARMY. GARDENING BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division. GAS AND BY PRODUCTS COAL SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Dis- tribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. GAS AND FLAME BRANCH, Trench Warfare Section, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's*Office, War Department.—Probably established in 1917 as part of the Trench Warfare Section, Gun Division; transferred with the Section to the Gun Division on January 18, 1918. In July 1918, duties relating to the production and handling of gases were turned over to the Chemical Warfare Service, but certain functions pertaining thereto were retained by the Trench Warfare Section. Functions: To handle the manufacture of the mechanical apparatus for employing toxic materials in the field, including such apparatus as gas cylinders, emplacement sets, twin projectors and drums, spe- cial nozzles, and flame projectors. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. GAS BUREAU, NATURAL, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See NATURAL GAS BUREAU. GAS DEFENSE DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Or- ganized on August 31, 1917. The work was divided among the follow- ing three Sections: Field Supply, Overseas Repair, and Training. 220 With the establishment of the Chemical Warfare Service on June 28, 1918, gas defense ceased to be a function of the Medical Department and the Division ceased to exist. All personnel, property, and funds were transferred to the new Service. Functions: To provide for the supply of gas-defense appliances, to repair them, and to give instruction in their use. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. GAS DEFENSE PRODUCTION DIVISION, Chemical Warfare Service, War Depart- ment.—Established on June 28, 1918, to carry on work formerly per- formed by the Gas Defense Division of the Surgeon General’s Office. Functions: To produce gas masks and other defensive appliances. RecordsIn the War Department, GAS ELECTRICAL SETS SECTION, Electrical Division, Engineering and Pur- chasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See ELECTRICAL DIVISION. GAS FACTORIES SECTION, SANITATION CONDITIONS AT POISON, Physiological Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See SANITATION CONDITIONS AT POISON GAS FACTORIES SEC- TION. GAS INVESTIGATIONS, WAR, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR GAS INVESTIGATIONS. GAS-MASK RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, In- terior Department.—Organized in March 1917. At the request of the Array, it supervised the design and actual construction of gas masks prior to July 1917, when the construction work was transferred to the Surgeon General’s Office. Continued as a research organization until it was transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To conduct inves- tigations relating to gas masks. Operated through thn following Sections, most of which were organized in the summer of 1917* Ab- sorbent Testing; Canister Testing; Gas-Penetrabilit7/ of Fabrics; and Canister-Filling, Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bu- reau, References; Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 18-21 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). GAS OFFENSE PRODUCTION DIVISION, Chemical Warfare Service, War Depart- ment.—Originated in 1917 under the Ordnance Chief's Office, where on May U, 1918, it was made a separate organization known as the Edgewood Arsenal (formerly the Gunpowder Reservation). On July 13, 1918, it was transferred to the Chemical Warfare Service. Functions: To produce and test articles of gas offense. Records; In the War Department. GAS-PENETRABILITY OF FABRICS SECTION, Gas-Mask Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See GAS- MASK RESEARCH DIVISION. GAS PLANTS BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—Created in June 1918 and discontinued in November. Included an Anthracite Section. Administered in cooperation with the Natural Gas Bureau of the Oil Division, Functions; To supervise the artificial gas indus- try insofar as it affected the consumption of fuel, and to collect data on the heat unit and candle-power standards of artificial gas and the possible effects of changes. Records: 1918 (U feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports. 221- GAS-SHELL SECTION, fyrotechnic Research Division, War Gas Investiga- tions, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Probably organized late in 1917. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To determine the sta- bility of various gases and toxic solids when used in shells, and to study lachrymatory, smoke, and so-called noise bombs. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References? Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 29 (Bulletin 1?8A. Washington, 1919)• GASES AND GAS PRODUCTS SECTION, INDUSTRIAL, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—See INDUSTRIAL GASES AND GAS PRODUCTS SECTION. GASES SECTION, FIJCLD TESTS OF, Physiological Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See FIELD TESTS OF GASES SECTION. GASES USED IN WARFARE COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 as the Nox- ious Gases Committee. V. H. Manning and George A, Burrell, Chairmen successively. In September 1917 its name was changed to Gases Used in Warfare Committee. Early in 1918, under the war organization of the Council, it became a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Tech- nology Division, and on August 13, 1918, it was dissolved because its work had been absorbed by the War Department, Functions: The Committee "inaugurated extensive research work on the problems of gas warfare," which was continued under the direction of the Bureau of Mines. Records? In the National Research Council. GASOLINE AND KEROSENE SECTION, Oil Conservation Bureau, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See OIL CONSERVATION BUREAU. GASTROENTEROLOGY SECTION, Internal Medicine Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Created in October 1917j discontinued on July 1, 1918. Functions? To furnish trained gastroenterologists for service at base hospitals and to standardize the work in gastro- intestinal diseases. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. GAUGE BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January li;, 1918. Included the following Groups? Artillery Ammunition and Trench Warfare, Gun and Carriage, Tank and Tractor, Small Arms Weapons, and Small Arms Ammunition. Functions: To supervise matters relating to master gauges and inspection gauges. Records? Probably among those of the Office in NA. GAUGE BRANCH, Miscellaneous Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on Jan'jary 15, 1918. Functions: To handle the purchase of gauges for the Section. Rec- ords? Probably among those of the Office in NA. GAUGE SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established on January 19, 1918. Functions? To see that the gauges and test tools necessary for the production of material furnished by the Division were properly designed, and to act as con- sultant to the Design Section. Records? Probably among those of the Office in NA. GAUGE SECTION, Weights and Measures Division, Standards Bureau, Com- merce Department.—Established in July 1917 and still in existence. 222 Functions: To improve the design and use of munition and other gauges and to originate and develop methods of testing, manufactur- ing, and salvaging gauges. Cooperated with the War and Navy Depart- ments, the Council of National Defense, and the National Screw Thread Commission. There were branch laboratories in New York, Cleveland, and Bridgeport during the war. Records; In the National Bureau of Standards. GAUGE UNIT, Technical Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Ord- nance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See TECHNICAL BRANCH. GAUGES COMMITTEE, DIES AND, General Munitions Board, Council of Nation- al Defense.—See DIES AND GAUGES COMMITTEE. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BRANCH, Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CONTROL SECTION, Equip- ment Division. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BUREAU, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Depart- ment.—See ADMINISTRATION DIVISION. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION SECTION, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Created on May 23, 1917, and included the following Branches: Development, Installation, and Maintenance of Methods; Field Depot; Financial Control; Inquiry and Adjustment; In- quiry and Complaint; Military Personnel; Office Management; Policy Determining; Requirements Determination; and Statistical. Functions: To act for the Chief of the Division in planning, supervising, and directing the work of the Division as a whole; to act as the connect- ing link on all special matters between the Division and outside military and civil branches of the Government; to perform certain routine functions not readily susceptible of delegation to other sections; and to cooperate with ordnance depots not under the direct control of the Division as to personnel, methods, and procedure. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAU, Quartermaster General’s Office, War De- partment.—See ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department.—Probably existed before the war. Functions: To write opinions on questions not falling within the scope of the work as- signed to other divisions. These included questions of military status, appointment, rank, promotion, and assignment and questions pertaining to command, the wearing of uniforms, badges, and ribbons, and many other subjects of a general character. Records: In the Judge Advocate General's Office. GENERAL BOARD, Navy Department.—Established by General Order No. of March 13, 1900, and still in existence. Functions; To advise the Secretary of the Navy on matters of naval policy, naval strategy, logistics, and administration. Records: Such as are extant are still in the custody of the Board. Among the general correspondence files of the Secretary's Office in NA, however, are numerous files pertaining to the Board, including many of its reports. References; Richard Wainwright, "The General Board, a Sketch,” in Naval Insti- tute, Proceedings, U8: 189-201 (Feb. 1922). Reports of the General Board on a variety of subjects have been published in the Annual Re- ports of the Department. For lists of the subjects referred to the 223 Board and of recommendations, see Navy Department, Anmial Reports, 1917, p. 9-11; 1918, p. 117-120; 1919, p. 11*9-153. GENERAL CANCELLATIONS, CLAIMS, AND CONTRACTS BOARD, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUCTION CLAIMS BOARD. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions: To study general construction problems and to train and provide personnel for general construction work for the American Expeditionary Forces. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. GENERAL CONTROL BRANCH, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created during the latter part of 1917. Functioned through the following units: General Administration, En- gineering Staff, Publications, Military Information, Interview, and Instruction. Transferred with the Section to the Engineering Bureau by Gun Division Order No. 58, January 17, 1918. Functions; To co- ordinate the work of the various branches of the Section and that of the Section with other sections, and to conserve and make more effi- cient the available technical knowledge by installing and maintain- ing routine work orders, standardizing specifications and bills of materials, directing the drafting room, preparing programs and esti- mates, and designing the master gauges. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. GENERAL CONTROL SECTION, Engineering'Bureau, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See GENERAL CONTROL SECTION, Gun Division. GENERAL CONTROL SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment,—Established on September 7, 1918, by Gun Division Order No. U. Operated through the following Branches: Administrative, Coordination, and Finance, Transferred on January 17, 1918, by au- thority of Gun Division Order No. 56, to the Engineering Bureau, with the exception of its Military Information Unit, which was transferred to the General Administration Bureau, and its Coordination Branch, which was transferred to the Control Bureau. Functions: To coor- dinate, direct, and supervise generally the work of the other sec- tions of the Division; to be responsible for the determination of questions of general policy and the dissemination among the heads of the sections of general plans and methods of procedure and gen- eral instructions; and to approve all projects, estimates, work or- ders, purchase orders and accompanying allotments, and contracts. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. GENERAL CONTROL SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, 7/ar Department.—Originated as a Branch of the Purchase Section, Gun Division. By Gun Division Order No. 57 of January lit, 1918, it was transferred to the Procurement Division as a Section. Included the following Branches: Administration, American Ordnance Base Depot, Interbureau, Mail and Record, Ordnance Supplies, Personnel, Property and Service, and Statistical, Functions: To coordinate and exer- cise general supervision over the work of the other sections of the Division; to determine questions of general policy, plans, and meth- ods of procedure; to transmit information and instructions to the heads of the sections; and to maintain cooperation with the other divisions of the Office. Records; Probably among those of the Of- fice in NA. 22h GENERAL CONTROL SUBCOMMITTEE, International Regime of Ports, Water- ways, and Railways Commission, Peace Conference,—Composed of nine members. Andr£ Weiss (of France), President. Functions; To draft regulations regarding rivers, ports, and railways. Records: Proba- bly some are in the Communications and Records Division, State De- partment, GENERAL EFFICIENCY BOARD, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.— Created on December 21, 1917, by Office Order No. 88. Composed of the chairmen of the separate divisional efficiency boards of the Of- fice, together with the head of the Civilian Personnel Division. Functions; To assist and cooperate with the divisional efficiency boards in the preparation of efficiency ratings, to develop a uni- form rating system in each division of the Office, and to act on such other efficiency matters as affected the interests of more than one division. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. GENERAL ENGINEER DEPOT, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Depart- ment.—Established in April 1917, and operated through the following Departments; Business Administration, Depot, and Engineering and Purchasing. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, October 22, 1918, most of its pur- chasing and storage functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, which was established the same day in the Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions: To purchase and store engineer material, equipment, and supplies required for troops in the field. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. GENERAL EQUIPMENT SECTION, Equipment and Construction Division, Mili- tary Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Established prior to the end of 1917. By an office circular of July 8, 1918, it was merged into the newly created Equipment and Operations Division. Functions; To handle the procurement of mis- cellaneous equipment for engineer troops. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA, GENERAL INSPECTION BRANCH, Supply Control Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral’s Office, War Department.—Established on July 22, 1918, as the Inspection and Production Branch. On August 30 the name was changed to General Inspection Branch. It was abolished on October 28, 1918, and its duties were transferred to the Office of the Director of Pur- chase and Storage. Functions; To coordinate and supervise the in- spection, production, and follow-up system of the several divisions of the Office. Records; Among those of the Office in NA. GENERAL INSPECTION SERVICE, Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- ment.—Originated in 1919 in an inspection section of the Division of Marine Hospitals and Relief. This was superseded on February 16, 1920, by an Inspection Section separate from the Division, which on August 29, 1920, became the General Inspection Service. The Service included two Sections; Records and Correspondence and Reviews and Reports. Following the creation of the Veterans' Bureau on August 9, 1921, the activities of the Service were gradually curtailed, and it ceased to function in the fiscal year 1925. Functions; To make routine inspections and special investigations of all activi- ties of the Public Jlealth Service, especially of relief stations and of marine and contract hospitals. Records; 1919-25 (156 feet) in NA. Include reports and other administrative records concerning 225 routine inspections and special investigations of Service activi- ties. Also included is correspondence with the American Legion re- lating to its efforts to improve facilities for the treatment of veterans. GENERAL LAND OFFICE, Interior Department.—Established in the Treas- ury Department in 1812 and transferred to the Interior Department in 18U9. Functions: To facilitate the orderly settlement and most effective utilization of the public lands. During the war it co- operated with the legislative branch of the Government in order to obtain appropriate legislation for the increase of agricultural and mineral products of the country, including natural sources of potash supply, and for the protection, benefit, and relief of homesteaders and other applicants for public lands and entrymen serving in the military and naval services. It administered the withdrawal of lands for aviation purposes and the sale of timber flrom the public domain for ship and airplane construction. Records t Those in NA for the war period (225 feet) consist of copies of outgoing letters of the Commissioner and of the divisions of the Office. Incoming correspondence, individual entry files, and other records remain in the General Land Office. References: General Land Office, Reports, 1917-18j Milton Conover, The General Land Office (Baltimore, 1923)J Benjamin H. Hibbard, A History of the Public Land Policies (New York 1939). GENERAL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SECTION, Maintenance and Repair Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—Probably created before the war as a Section of the Construction and Repair Division, Quarter- master General’s Office. Transferred to the Maintenance and Repair Branch, Cantonment Division, on October 10, 1917. Probably became part of the Maintenance and Repair Branch, Construction Division, War Department, upon the formation of that Division on March 13, 1918. Functions; To deal with general maintenance and repair work on Army construction jobs. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. GENERAL MEDICAL BOARD, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed under authori- zation of the Secretary of War on April 2, 1917, by Dr. Franklin Martin, Chairman of the Committee on Medicine and Sanitation. Its work, however, had actually begun on April 26, 1916, when the Execu- tive Committee of American Physicians for Medical Preparedness ten- dered their services to the President. It operated through a number of committees and subcommittees, some of which were later absorbed by the Surgeon General's Office, War Department. Officially dis- solved on April 1, 1919. Functions; To consider problems of the coordination of the medical, military, and civil resources of the country. It helped to recruit medical officers, made recommenda- tions to the Surgeon General'-s Office, and completed various re- search studies. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, particularly records relating to membership in the Medical Re- serve Corps, the Volunteer Medical Service Corps, and the Student Nurse Reserve. GENERAL MILITARY HISTORY SECTION, Historical Branch, War Plans Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Created in 1918 and discon- tinued in December of that year. Functions: To collect data upon the war and the participation of the United States therein. Rec- ords: In the General Staff, War Department. 226 GENERAL MUNITIONS BOARD, Council of National Defense.—Created by a resolution of the Council of March 31, 1917. Composed of repre- sentatives of the War and Navy Departments and of several civilians. Frank A. Scott served as Chairman. The Board early absorbed the Munitions Standards Board, and it was itself superseded by the new War Industries Board in July 1917. Functions: "To assume the prompt equipping and arming, with the least possible disadjustment of normal industrial conditions, of whatsoever forces may be called into the service of the country." This was to be done by coordi- nating Army and Navy purchases, by assisting the Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee of the Advisory Commission in the acquisition of raw materials, and by establishing precedence of or- ders- between the War and Navy Departments and between military and civilian needs. Its activities are indicated by the names of the Committees that functioned under it: Armored Cars and Motor Trucks; Army Vehicles; Army and Navy Artillery; Army and Navy Projectiles; Clearance; Dies and Gauges; Emergency Construction and Contracts; Fuses and Detonators; Machine Guns; Optical Class; Priorities; Small Arms and Ammunition; Storage Facilities; and Sulphuric Acid. Records: Among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. Included are general correspondence of the Secretary of the Board, minutes of meetings, miscellaneous papers of the Board and its committees, and data on contracts and supplies. References; General Munitions Board, Minutes ... April U-August 9, 191? (7U Cong., 2 sess., S. Com. Print 6. Washington, 1936). GENERAL PATHOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgi- cal Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COM- MITTEE. GENERAL PUBLICITY BOARD, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.— In February 1918, a Publicity Committee was organized in the Office, and in April of that year the General Publicity Board was created. It functioned as such until February 1919, when it was made the Gen- eral Publicity Section. Functions: To review and pass upon infor- mation given out by the Office for official publication; to review and advise on contemplated publications relating to the work of the Office by members of the Medical, Dental, Veterinary, Sanitary, and Nurse Corps; to visa requests for information from the Committee on Public Information, newspaper correspondents, and others; and to es- tablish and supervise newspapers at Army hospitals. Records; Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. GENERAL RELATIONS DIVISION, National Research Council.—Created in 1917 as the Administrative Division. In the war organization of 1913 it became the General Relations Division, with activities con- ducted by three Sections: Foreign Relations, Industrial Research, and Relations With Educational Institutions and State Committees; and three Committees: Patent Office, Reconstruction Problems, and Education and Special Training. Arthur A. Noyes served as Chairman throughout the war period. Functions; To develop and maintain re- lations with agencies abroad, in the Government, and in the States; to gather research information; and to correlate research activi- ties in industry and in educational institutions. Records; In the National Research Council. GENERAL SERVICE DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION. 227 GENERAL STAFF, War Department,—Created by an act of February ll;, 1903, which abolished the separate office of the Commanding General of the Army and provided for a Chief of Staff and a General Staff Corps, The organization of the General Staff at the outbreak of the war was unsuited to the duties and responsibilities confronting it, so successive revisions were made, culminating in that set forth in General Orders, No. 80, August 26, 1918. This order divided the work of the General Staff into four primary Divisions: Operations; Purchase, Storage, and Traffic; Military Intelligence; and War Plans. In addition, there was an administrative office directly responsible to the Executive Assistant to the Chief of Staff. The General Staff was subsequently reorganized in accordance with the provisions of the National Defense Act of 1920, and it has undergone numerous or- ganizational changes since then. Functions; To assist the Chief of Staff in performing his duty as the immediate adviser of the Sec- retary of War and in his coordinating and supervising capacity. These functions were performed mainly by preparing plans and poli- cies and gathering information with reference to the Army's part in the national defense program and by issuing the necessary orders to make the plans effective. Records: 1903-25 (8Ul feet) in NA, In- clude central files of the General Staff, 1903-21, and records of some of the various subdivisions of the General Staff and related agencies, References: General Staff, Reports, 1917-21. GENERAL SUPPLIES AND RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Es- tablished on May 19, 1919, and functioned through the following Sub- sections: Domestic Distribution, Export Distribution, Replenishment, Stock Record, and Surplus Property. In the divisional reorganization of November 6, 1919, it became the General Supplies Branch. On May 19, 1920, it was transferred to the Regular Supplies Division. Func- tions ; To supervise the storage and distribution of kitchen utensils, tools, band instruments, refrigerators, typewriters, and other arti- cles classed as general supplies and to determine the existence of surplus stocks. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. GENERAL SUPPUES BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Distri- bution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918. Functioned through the following Sections; Heavy Hardware and Metals; Kitchen and Camp Equipment; Office Supplies and Sundries; Small Tools and Chests; and Statistical. In existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To supervise the distribution to the Army and the conservation of articles classified as general supplies. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA. GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Distri- bution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918. In exist- ence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Func- tions ; To be responsible for the delivery of the following classes of supplies to ports of embarkation and for obtaining the necessary priorities and releases: Heavy hardware and metals; kitchen and camp equipment; office supplies and sundries; and small tools and 228 chests. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in NA, GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--Organized on November 30, 1918. In February 1919 it was functioning through the following Sections: Shelf and Heavy Hardware; Tools, Handles, and Tool Chests; Mess, Camp, and Kitchen Equipment; Containers and Hemp and Jute Products; Brooms, Brushes, and Toilet Equipment; Ath- letic Goods and Musical Instruments; and Paper and Miscellaneous. About June 1, 1919, the Miscellaneous and Office Supplies Branch, including the former Remount Branch, was merged with it. Functions: Originally to have charge, primarily, of the disposal of surplus hardware. With the merger of other branches it became responsible for the disposal of surplus office supplies and animals. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1, October 19, 1918. On October 28, by Purchase and Storage Notice No, 13, the Hardware and Metals Division of the Quar- termaster General's Office was transferred to this Division. Oper- ated through several Branches, including: Contract and Purchase; Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous; Hardware and Hand Tools; Heavy Hardware; Kitchen and Camp Equipment; Mess, Camp, and Personal Equip- ment; and Small Tools and Chests. About August 18, 1919, the Divi- sion became the General Supplies Branch of the Regular Supplies Divi- sion of the Purchase Service. Functions: To have charge of the procurement of such items as hardware, hand tools, metals, office equipment, rolling kitchens, caskets, and camp equipage. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. GENERAL SUPPLIES SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Divi- sion, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. GENERAL SUPPLIES SUBSECTION, Quartermaster Stores Section, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment. —See QUARTERMASTER STORES SECTION. GENERAL SUPPLY COMMITTEE, Treasury Department.—Created by an act of June 17, 1910, and composed of representatives of the executive de- partments. The Superintendent of Supplies was appointed by the Sec- retary of the Treasury. The Committee was abolished in 1933- Func- tions; To negotiate the making of contracts for supplies and equip- ment in use by two or more executive departments or other Government establishments. During the war the work of the Committee was greatly increased. After the armistice it was responsible for receiving and disposing of the huge quantities of office supplies, material, and equipment that were no longer needed. It maintained a card record of such surplus Government items in various places throughout the United States. Records: In the Procurement Division, Treasury De- partment. 229 GENERAL SURGERY COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanita- tion Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— See SURGERY COMMITTEE, GENERAL SURGERY DIVISION, Surgeon General’s Office, 'War Department.— Established in June 1917. On November 30, 1918, it became a Section of the Surgery Division, in compliance with Office Order No. 97. Functions: To classify the surgeons of the Medical Reserve Corps according to their professional qualifications; to provide schools for the training of men lacking in proficiency; to standardize sur- gery and equipment; to inspect the surgical staff of hospitals; to maintain and increase surgical efficiency; and to investigate sur- gical problems. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. GENITO-URINARY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDI- ZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. GEODESY DIVISION, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Commerce Department.—In existence prior to the war. Formerly known as the Office of Inspec- tor of Geodetic Works. Functions: To prepare geodetic surveys throughout the United States and Alaska; to determine geographic positions by triangulation or traverse; to determine field astro- nomic positions; and to establish stations at which the intensity of gravity is determined. During the war the Division worked almost exclusively for the War and Navy Departments. Records; Triangu- lation, astronomical, leveling, gravity, and other records of ob- servations and surveys for the period of the war are in NA. Other records are in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. GEODETIC SURVEY, COAST AND, Commerce Department.—See COAST AND GEO- DETIC SURVEY. GEOGRAPHIC ’BRANCH, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Probably established in February 1918 as a Section of the Positive Branch; on April 2k, 1919, it was elevated to the sta- tus of a Branch and operated through two Sections: top and Mono- graph, Functions; To deal with the policies governing matters re- lating to maps and mapping and to terrain information prepared in written form. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. GEOGRAPHY COMMITTEE, National Research Council.—Appointed about De- cember 1916, W. M. Davis as Chairman. Became a part of the Geology and Geography Division when it was organized in January 1918. Functions; The Committee "devoted its chief attention to special maps for military purposes (in cooperation with Geo- logical Survey), instructions for the use of topographic maps, hand- books on military areas, and physiographic features of the United States." Records: In the National Research Council. GEOLOGIC BRANCH, Geological Survey, Interior Department.—A unit of the Survey since 1889. During the war, it operated through four Divisions, as follows; Alaskan Mineral Resources; Chemical and Physical Research; Geology; and Mineral Resources. Functions: To investigate and provide information on mineral resources in this country and abroad with a view to aiding the manufacture of muni- tions. Records: 1917-19 (U feet) in NA. Correspondence and data relating to mineral resources. 230 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Interior Department.—Established in 1879. During the war, when its activities were mainly diverted to emergency work, the Survey operated through six Branches, as follows: Administra- tive; Geologic; Land Classification; Publication; Topographic; and Water Resources, Cooperated with the Bureau of Mines, the National Research Council, the Fuel Administration, the War and Navy Depart- ments, and other agencies. George Otis Smith, Director. Functions: Among other duties, to locate new deposits of materials required in the manufacture of munitions; to advise other Government agencies in regard to Allied and enemy mineral resources; to conduct exten- sive investigations of surface and ground waters in order to help promote agriculture in arid regions; and to furnish data concerning military camp water supplies. Records; 1917-19 (U feet) in NA. Consist of correspondence and data relating to mineral resources. Most of the records are in the Geological Survey. References; Geo- logical Survey, Annual Reports, 1917-21; Institute ?or Government Research, The U.~5. Geological Survey (New York, 1918); P. S, Smith, "The Geologist in War Times; the United States Geological Survey's War Work," in Economic Geologist, 13: 392-399 (July 1918). GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY DIVISION, National Research Council.—Organized in January 1918 by a consolidation of the Geology and Paleontology Committee (originally the Geology Committee} and the Geography Com- mittee, which had been appointed about December 1916 among the origi- nal 17 committees of the Council. Headed by J. C. Merriam. Reor- ganized for peacetime activity in February 1919. Functions: To stimulate, organize, coordinate, and carry out research in geology and geography in the interests of national defense and the prosecu- tion of the war. Among its activities it promoted the utilization of geologists by the Corps of Engineers, both in Europe and the United States, in connection with operations involving a knowledge of the subsoil, such as in trench warfare; studied the application of seisraological methods to the measurement of earth vibrations as a means of locating distant artillery; carried out a survey of the location of rock materials suitable for quick highway, railway, and fortification construction along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States (the results of which were embodied in a 7-vol. manu- script report accompanied by 3 atlases of large-scale maps); inves- tigated dear-quartz resources with reference to the use of this ma- terial in certain instruments; studied the question of water supply in military camps; gathered information on the geology and geography of the environs of Army cantonments and camps in the United States (some of which was published by the Geological Survey and some of the State geological surveys); gathered information on the geography of the western front in Europe (some of which was published in Douglas W. Johnson, Topography and Strategy in the War, New York, 1917, and William g. Davis, Handbook of Northern France, Cambridge, Mass., 1918); fostered instruction in geology and geography, map reading, and meteorology in military training camps and colleges, especially with reference to the Students' Army Training Corps (part- ly by preparing and publishing the following textbooks: Military Geology and Topography, edited by H. E. Gregory, New Haven, 1918; Introductory Meteorology, New Haven, 1918; and Geography of Europe, New Haven, 1918); sponsored the publication of the booklet WhatTa Geologist Can Do in War, by R. A. F. Penrose (Philadelphia, 1917); and compiled a card index of personnel in geology and geography available for special kinds of service. Records: Some correspond- ence and other papers are in the Geology and Geography Division, National Research Council. Other records have probably been dis- persed in various ways. In 1918, one copy of the road materials 231 report referred to above was transmitted to the Chief of Engineers, and another copy was deposited with the Geological Survey. Refer- ences : Alfred H. Brooks, The Use of Geology on the Western Front (Geological Survey, Professional 1260. Washington, 1920), includes a list of publications relating to the war work of Ameri- can geologists* Whitman Cross, "Geology in the World War and After," in Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 30: 165-188 (1919); Douglas W. Johnson, "The Role of the EartK Sciences in the War," in Robert M. Yerkes, ed.. The New World of Science, ch. 12 (New York, 1920); National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, 1916-19. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY COMMITTEE, National Research Council.—Or- ganized about December 1916 under the chairmanship of J. K. Clarke as the Geology Committee, but soon became known as the Geology and Paleontology Committee. Became a part of the Geology and Geography Division when it was organized in January 1918. Functions: Its subcommittees dealt with matters pertaining to camp sites and water supply, trenches, war minerals, roads and road materials, the meas- urement of earth vibrations, the geology of the Pacific Coast, the geology of cantonments, and topographical instruction in training camps. Records: In the National Research Council, GEOLOGY DIVISION, Geologic Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Depart- ment.—In existence before the war. During the war it cooperated with the Mines Bureau, the Fuel Administration, and the War and Navy Departments. Functions: To conduct field investigations for the purpose of locating new deposits of minerals, both metallic and nonmetallic, required in the manufacture of munitions, as well as deposits of essential ores for which the United States had been de- pendent upon overseas transportation; to examine the structure of premising oil regions; and to conduct searches for natural gas of high helium content. Records; In the Geological Survey. Include correspondence files; records pertaining to the location and dis- tribution of minerals, ores, and rocks; field notebooks; reports and descriptions of Army camps and camp sites in the United States; and reports concerning the discovery, extent, and development of domestic deposits of minerals in the United States. GLASS AND INSTRUMENT SECTION, MILITARY OPTICAL, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See MILITARY OPTICAL GLASS AND IN- STRUMENT SECTION. GLASS AND STONEWARE SECTION, CHEMICAL, Chemicals Division, War Indus- tries Board.—See CHEMICAL GLASS AND STONEWARE SECTION. GLASS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF GLASS COMMITTEE. GLASS COMMITTEE, OPTICAL, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—See OPTICAL GLASS COMMITTEE. GLASS COMMITTEE, OPTICAL, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.— See OPTICAL GLASS COMMITTEE. GLASS COMMITTEE, OPTICAL, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geo- physics Division, National Research Council.—See OPTICAL GLASS COM- MITTEE. 232 GLOVE LEATHER SECTION, SHEEPSKIN AND, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—See SHEEPSKIN AND GLOVE LEATHER SECTION. GLOVES AND LEATHER CLOTHING SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—Created on October 28 and discon- tinued on November 20, 1918. Functions: To administer the con- servation program of the glove industry as announced by the Con- servation Division. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. GLOVES SECTION, SHEEPSKINS AND, Hide and Leather Control Branch, Sup- plies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.--See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH. GLUE AND OTHER COLLOIDS SUBCOMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF, Chemistry Commit- tee, National Research Council.—See CHEMISTRY OF COLLOIDS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division. GOLD AND SILVER SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.— Created on September 9, 1918; discontinued after the armistice. Functions: To formulate and execute a program for the conservation of gold and silver. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. GOLD EXPORTS COMMITTEE, Federal Reserve Board.—Organized in September 1917, following Presidential Proclamation No. 1392 and Executive Or- der No. 2697, both of September 7, 1917, which "transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury, acting through the Federal Reserve Board, the control of exports of bullion, coin, and currency conferred by the Espionage Act of June 1917." The administrative powers of the Committee were extended and strengthened under the much stronger powers granted by the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, and Executive orders of October 12, 1917, and January 26, 1918. Functions: To exercise control over the export of bullion, coin, and currency. Records: In the custody of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. GOLD-MINING SITUATION COMMITTEE, Interior Department.—Created in July 1918 by the Secretary of the Interior. Probably terminated in Octo- ber after submitting its report. Functions: To investigate the factors causing the decrease in the gold output of the United States, particularly the rise in cost of gold-mining operations, and to make recommendations for the relief of the industry and the stimulation of gold production. Records: Whereadouts unknown. References; Interior Department, Annual Report, 1919, vol. I, p. ing Situation Committee, Report of a Joint Committee Appointed From the Bureau of Mines and the U. S. Geological Survey by the Secretary of.the Interior To Study the Gold Situation (Mines Bureau, Bulletin lUi'. Washington, 19l°'*. GOVERNING SALES BOARD, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 87, November 30, 1918, its mem- bers to be appointed by the Director of Purchase and Storage, ex- cept for one member to be appointed by the Director of Finance. The Board was to consist of one representative each of the Director of Purchase, the Director of Purchase and Storage, and the Chief of the Surplus Property Division, and representatives of such other divisions as might be found desirable. Still in existence in Janu- ary 1920. Functions: To act as a board of review, approval, and 233 direction relative to sales; to pass on the acceptance of bids; and to determine fixed prices on commodities for market sale or sale to designated purchasers. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General’s Office in NA. GOVERNING SALES BOARD ON UNSERVICEABLE PROPERTY, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, 'Jar Department.—Constituted by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1h9» December 20, 1913, and still in existence on January 1, 1920. Its members were appointed by the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To act as a board of review, approval, and direction relative to sales of unserviceable property. Records: Whereabouts unknown. GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distri- bution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. GOVERNMENT CONTRACT CLAUSES AFFECTING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, COMMITTEE CN, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor De- partment.—Authorized by the War Labor Policies Board on May 29, 1918, and held its first meeting on June 18. Probably terminated in August. Functions; To prepare clauses affecting industrial re- lations for insertion in Government contracts. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of meetings of the Com- mittee and its report. GOVERNMENT EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL SECTION, Constructing Branch, Con- struction Division, War Department.—Established in the Construct- ing Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General’s Office, on May 2li, 1917* Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Divi- sion upon its establishment on March 13, 1918. Functions: To super- vise the handling of Government equipment and materials on Army con- struction work. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. GOVERNMENT HOTELS, Housing Corporation.—On July 13, 1918, an Execu- tive order was issued by the President authorizing the use of squares e.29 and 230 in Washington, D. C., for housing purposes to alleviate the inadequate living conditions and general housing shortage in the Capital. The project covered an area of 13 acres and consisted of 12 houses, 2 administration buildings, an infirmary, a heating plant, a and shop building, and a laundry. The Operating Divi- sion of the Housing Corporation supervised the "hotels" from Septem- ber 23, 1918, to February 1919. After March 1, 1919, the manager of the hotels reported directly to the Vice President of the Corpora- tion. Functions; To provide suitable residences for women Govern- ment workers during the war and after the armistice. Records; 1916-30 (160 feet) in NA. General files and correspondence of the auditor, correspondence of the manager, forms, blueprints, laundry records, tenant records, vouchers, and receipts. GOVERNMENT RECREATION LEAGUE.—See HOUSING AND HEALTH DIVISION, War Department. GOVERNMENTAL AND FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on April 16 and dissolved on June 30, 1919. Functions; To review corre- spondence with the various Government departments and with repre- sentatives in foreign countries. Records; 1919 (Ii inches) in NA. Copies of correspondence with other Government agencies. 23h GRAFT AND FRAUD SECTION,.Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—See FRAUD AND GRAFT SECTION. GRAIN AND FLOUR DIVISION, Food Administration.—See COARSE GRAINS SEC- TION, Cereal Division. GRAIN CORPORATION.—The Food Administration Grain Corporation was es- tablished by the Food Administrator in August 1917, under Executive Order No. 2681. On July 1, 1919, by Executive Order No. 3087, it was reorganized and expanded as the United States Grain Corporation under the direction of a Wheat Director. After that date it included the following subdivisions, most of which had been in existence for some time previously: Coarse Grain, European,' Flour, Marine Trans- portation, Statistical, Transportation, and Wheat Departments; Bean and License Divisions; and a Crop Experts Office. Other units that had existed over various periods included the following Departments: Belgian, Cereal Products, Expeditionary Flour, Grain Reports, Mill Schedule, and Miscellaneous Commodities. Liquidation was ordered on August 21, 1920, by Executive Order No. 3320, and was completed by December 31, 1927. Functions: To regulate the grain trade by buying, selling, and storing grain and cereal products and, in co- operation with the War Trade Board, to control grain exports and im- ports, In 1918-19 it also handled noncereal commodities for the Commission for Relief in Belgium, the American Relief Administration, and other European relief organizations, and in 1921-22 it served as fiscal agent for the Purchasing Commission for Russian Relief. Rec- ords; 1917-27 (5»500 feet) in NA. Consist of central files of correspondence, official diaries, regulatory agreements and minutes of conferences involving the grain trade, and claims papers; files kept separately by the various officers, by the 9 commodity account- ing departments, and by other units in the home office in New York City; records of the llj zone agencies or regional offices; and rec- ords of some of the European offices. Papers of some of the offi- cers are in the Hoover library on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University, Calif. References; Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War (New York, 1928); Frank V. Surface and Raymond L. Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period, 5, 17, 39-hl, hS (Stanford University, 1931); Chester L. Guthrie, "The United States Grain Corporation Records in The Nation- al Archives," in Agricultural History, 12: 3U7-35k (Oct. 1938); Harold A. Van Dom, Government Owned Corporations, ch. 1* (New York, 1926). GRAIN DEPARTMENT, COARSE, Grain Corporation.—See COARSE GRAIN DEPART- MENT. GRAIN DUST EXPLOSION DEPARTMENT, Crop Experts Office, Grain Corpora- tion.—See CROP EXPERTS OFFICE. GRAIN DUST EXPLOSIONS INVESTIGATIONS, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—A unit originating in studies begun in 19lij in coopera- tion with the Mines Bureau and the Public Roads and Rural Engineer- ing Office. In July 1919 the functions and personnel were trans- ferred to the Grain Corporation. In 1920 dust explosion work was assigned to the Development Work Office of the Chemistry Bureau. In 1927, when the Bureaus of Chemistry and Soils became one, the investigations were continued by the Division o f Chemical Engineer- ing Research. Functions: During the war, to conduct, in cooperation 235 with the Food Administration, a campaign for the prevention of grain dust explosions. Records; Those for the war period are in NA. In- clude general correspondence in the central files and letters relat- ing to the prevention campaign conducted in cooperation with the Food Administration in the special files of the Chemistry bureau. GRAIN, KAY, AND FEEDS MARKET NEWS SERVICE, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Established on August 11, 1917, under the Food Produc- tion Act of August 10, 1917. Also known as the Grain and Hay Market Reporting Service and, after January 1, 1919, as the Hay and Feed Market Reporting Service. Functioned in close relation with other grain projects of the Bureau. In 1920 its duties were assigned to the Hay, Feed, and Seed Division of the Bureau. Functions: To in- crease production, improve distribution, stabilize prices of food- stuffs, and conserve transportation facilities by collecting and disseminating to private persons and Government agencies information as to the demand for and the supply and prices of grain, hay, and feed; to make special surveys relating to such matters in behalf of the Railroad and Food Administrations and other agencies; and to ar- range transactions necessary for the provision of feed for drought areas. Records: 1917-22 (20 feet) in NA. Include correspondence of staff members with Bureau authorities, project heads, and the public scattered in the Federal Grain Supervision correspondence files, 1917-22, and in the Markets Bureau central correspondence files, 1913-22; and reports for 1918 and 1919 in the "manuscript files" of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics. GRAIN INSPECTION DEPARTMENT, Crop Experts Office, Grain Corporation.— See CROP EXPERTS OFFICE. GRAIN INVESTIGATION LABORATORY, CATTLE FOOD AND, Miscellaneous Divi- sion, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See CATTLE FOOD AND GRAIN INVESTIGATION LABORATORY. GRAIN REPORTS DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in August 1918. Terminated on June 30, 1919, when its functions were trans- ferred to the newly created Information Bureau, Functions; To compile summaries of reports received from flour mills and termi- nal and country elevators. Records: 1917-19 (U feet) in NA, Con- sist of copies of material prepared by the Department. GRAIN STANDARDS, INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION OF, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See MARKETS BUREAU, GRAIN SUPERVISION DEPARTMENT, Crop Experts Office, Grain Corporation. See CROP EXPERTS OFFICE. GRAIN THRESHING DIVISION, Grain Corporation.—Established in April 1918; terminated in February 1919. Also known as the Threshing Divi- sion. Functions: To promote conservation of grain among thresher- men, chiefly by disseminating information as to threshing practices and the adjustment and repair of threshing machinery. Records: 1918-19 (13 feet) in KA. Include correspondence and questionnaires returned by threshermen. Related papers are in the records of the Cashier's Department of the Grain Corporation in NA. GRAINS SECTION, COARSE, Cereal Division, Food Administration.—See COARSE GRAINS SECTION. 236 GRAHIIG SECTION, Geographic Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MAP SECTION, GREAT LAKES DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Probably existed from May through November 1918. Functions: To supervise the operation of vessels constructed on the Great Lakes and the transfer of these vessels to the seaboard. In the latter work it cooperated with the Engineer Committee and the Special Agent’s Office at Cleveland, Ohio, both of the Shipping Board. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Related records, however, may be found among those of the Special Agent’s Office in NA. GRENADE BRANCH, Trench Warfare Section, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Probably established in 1917 as part of the Trench Warfare Section, Gun Division; transferred with the Section to the Engineering Division on January 18, 1918. Func- tions: To handle the design, development, procurement, production, and inspection of hand grenades and rifle grenades. Records: Proba- bly among those of the Office in NA. GROCERIES DIVISION, STAPLE, Food Administration.—See STAPLE GROCERIES DIVISION. GROCERS’ WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Food Administration.—See DISTRIBUTION DIVISION. GROUND WATERS DIVISION, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey. Interior Department.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To collect data concerning ground waters. In the war period. It reported to the War and Navy Departments the results of investi- gations of. ground-water supplies for military establishments. Rec- ords: -In the Water Resources Branch. GUARANTEES SUBCOMMITTEE, MEASURES OF CONTROL AND, Reparation of Damages Commission, Peace Conference.—See MEASURES OF CONTROL AND GUARANTEES SUBCOMMITTEE. GUN AND CARRIAGE GROUP, Gauge Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See GAUGE BRANCH. GUN DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established before the war and designated on May 23, 1917, as one of the 10 divisions of the Office, After September 7, it included the follow- ing Sections; Cannon, Design, General Control, Inspection, Produc- tion, and Purchase. Dissolved on January 17, 1918, with the trans- fer of its sections to other divisions of the Office, Functions; To handle the design, procurement, and superintendence of produc- tion and the inspection of cannon, artillery and seacoast ammunition, explosives, and accessories; to design, procure, and inspect trench warfare material, including pyrotechnics, grenades, trench mortars, ammunition, drop bombs, offensive material for gas warfare, and incendiary material; to develop additional manufacturing facilities for any of the material when necessary; to handle the procurement of ammunition and material for artillery target practice and for the design and procurement of artillery targets; and to provide and supervise means for the instruction of commissioned, enlisted, and civilian personnel required for the maintenance of ordnance material designed, modified, and procured by the Division. Rec- ords; Probably with those of the Office in NA. 237 GUM FORGING SPECIFICATIONS, JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON.—See JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON GUN FORGING SPECIFICATIONS. GUN MOUNT SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—In existence prior to the war. Functions; To have charge of the design, specifications, manufacture, and procurement of gun mounts, gun firing batteries, and accessories, except such as were within the cognizance of other sections, and also of the procure- ment of rifles and small arms, signal devices such as Very's pis- tols, dotters, and other gunnery training devices. Records: In the Navy Department. GUN SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.— In existence prior to the war. Functions: To have charge of the design, manufacture, and procurement of naval guns, except rifles and small arms. Records: In the Navy Department. GUNNERY EXERCISES AND ENGINEERING PERFORMANCES OFFICE, Naval Opera- tions Office, Navy Department.—Originated as the Offices of the Inspector of Target Practice and Inspector of Engineering Competi- tions, which were combined in 1911 in the Division of Fleet Opera- tions under the designation "Office of the Director of Target Prac- tice and Engineering Competitions." Transferred on May 11, 1915>> to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, where on April 22, 1916, the name was changed to Office of Gunnery Exercises and Engineering Performances. Functions transferred by General Order No. 108 of June 6, 1923, to the Fleet Training Division of the Naval Operations Office. Functions; To direct all gunnery prac- tice on naval vessels and running tests of engines, including the preparation of rules and reports relating thereto. Records: In the Fleet Training Division. GYNECOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDI- ZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. 238 H HAND-GRENADE SECTION, Pyrotechnic Research Division, War Gas Investi- gations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized on October 1, 1917. Transferred with the War Gas Investigations to the War De- partment, June 25, 1918, where it became part of the Explosives Section of the Chemical Warfare Service, Functions: To test explo- sives used in pyrotechny and gas warfare and, later, to test high explosives. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 30 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919)* HAND TOOLS SECTION, Hardware and Hand Tools Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director1* Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See HARIWARE AND HAND TOOLS BRANCH. HAND TOOLS SECTION, FINISHED, Small Tools and Chests Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS BRANCH. HANDICAP SECTION, Employment Service, Labor Department,—Created after the armistice and probably terminated in 1919, Functions: To ob- tain employment for persons handicapped by age or physical disability. Records: Whereabouts unknown. HARBOR AND INLAND SECTION, Construction, Maintenance, and Repair Branch, Water Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief’s Office, War Department.—See CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR BRANCH. HARBOR AND SHIPPING CONTROL BOARD (NEWPORT NEWS).—See WAR CONSTRUC- TION ACTIVITIES, BOARD OF CONTROL [FOR], HARBOR DIVISION, RIVER AND, Civil Works Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See RIVER AND HARBOR DIVISION, HARBOR FACILITIES COMMISSION, PORT AND, Shipping Board.—See PORT AND HARBOR FACILITIES COMMISSION. HARBOR FLOATING EQUIPMENT SECTION, Vessel Operation Branch, Water Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—See VESSEL OPERATION BRANCH, HARBORS BOARD, ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS BOARD. HARDWARE AND HAND TOOL SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board,—Created about October 1, 1917, as the Snail Tools Section, The name was changed to Hardware and Snail Tools about April 1918 and later to Hardware and Hand Tool Section, Discontinued on December 14-, 1918. Functions: To conduct investi- gations of commodities in which shortages were pending or acute. 239 with reference to sources of supply, production, means of conser- vation and standardization, and possible extension of facilities in order to meet the needs of purchasing agencies of the Government and the Allies, Records! With those of the Board in KA, Most of them are probably dispersed in the "consolidated files," but there are some segregated lists of manufacturers, records of purchase applica- tions, clearance requests, and the like (15 feet). HARDWARE AND HAND TOOLS BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Estab- lished on December 31, 1918, taking over part of the functions of the former Small Tools and Chests Branch and part of the functions of the Heavy Hardware Branch; on January 1, 1919, it assumed part of the functions of the Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch, Func- tioned through five Sections: Heavy Hardware, Hand Tools, Cordage and Handles, Miscellaneous Hardware, and Records, In existence in August 1919, when the Division was transferred as a Branch to the Regular Supplies Division of the Purchase Service, Functions: In charge of the procurement of heavy hardware, hand tools, and cordage. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. HARDWARE AND METALS DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War De- partment,—Established on April 16, 1918, as a Branch of the Supply and Equipment Division, On June 18, by Office Order No, 376, it was made a Division. Some time later the Equipment Section of the Bakery Branch, Subsistence Division, was transferred to it. Operated through several Branches, as follows; Contract and Purchase; Kitchen and Camp Equipment; Metals and Heavy Hardware; Office Equipment and Sun- dries; Production and Inspection; Small Tools and Chests; and Tool and Hardware Sundries, On October 28, 1918, the Division was abol- ished and its duties were transferred to the General Supplies Divi- sion of the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Func- tions: To have charge of the procurement of hardware, office equip- ment, personal accessories, and kindred items. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, HARDWARE BRANCH, Inspection Section, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See INSPECTION SECTION. HARDWARE BRANCH, HEAVY, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See HEAVY HARDWARE BRANCH. HARDWARE, CORDAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment,—Originated in the Metals and Heavy Hardware Branch, Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Became the Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch on October 28, 1918. Functioned through the following Sections: Shelf Hardware and Cord- age; Automobile and Bicycle Accessories; Athletic Supplies; Brushes; Personal Accessories; and Records, Dissolved on January 1, 1919, Its functions were taken over by the Hardware and Hand Tools Branch and the Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch. Functions: To have charge of the procurement of certain types of heavy hardware, axes, cordage, brushes, trench mirrors, and similar products. Rec- ords: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. 2hO HARDWARE DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construc- tion Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. HARUTARE SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Created in 1917. Transferred to the Equipment Section of the Procurement Division of the Office on January 14., 1918, Func- tions: To procure hardware—both complete units, such as picks, axes, shovels, and pliers; and parts, such as hooks, rings, eyelets, snap fasteners, and buckles. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, HAREWOOD SECTION, Lumber Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See LUMBER BRANCH. HARNESS AND LEATHER SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH. HARNESS AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board,—Organized on June 12, 1918, and discontinued on December 31, 1918, Functions: To obtain and furnish manufacturers with information regarding the industry and to plan means of conservation. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, HARNESS AND SADDLERY ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION, NATIONAL.—See NATIONAL HARNESS AND SADDLERY ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION, HARNESS BRANCH, Vehicles and Harness Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Originally part of the Vehicles and Harness Branch, Supplies and Equipment Division, established on April 16, 1918. Became the Harness Branch, Vehicles and Harness Division, upon the establishment of the latter on May 18, Abolished in October, when its functions were transferred to the Leather and Rubber Branch, Clothing and Equipage Division, Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functions: To procure harness for the use of the Army, Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. HARNESS BRANCH, VEHICLE AND, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See VEHICLE AND HARNESS BRANCH. HARNESS BRANCH, VEHICLES AND, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.-See VEHICLES AND HARNESS BRANCH. HARNESS DIVISION, VEHICLES AND, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.-See VEHICLES AND HARNESS DIVISION. HARNESS LEATHER SECTION, UPPER AND, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board,—See UPPER AND HARNESS LEATHER SECTION. HARNESS REPAIR BRANCH, SHOE AND, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, 21*1 and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See SHOE AND HARNESS REPAIR BRANCH. HARNESS SECTION, Shoes, Leather, and Rubber Branch, Clothing and Equip- age Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Deoartment.—See SHOES, LEATHER, AND RUBBER BRANCH. HAT REPAIR BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Established on January 26, 1918, as the Hat Repair Section of the Repair Branch, Reclamation Division, On April 16, 1918, it became a Branch of the Reclamation Division, and later, on April 22, of the Conservation and Reclamation Division, It was discontinued on October 28, 1918, and its functions were taken over by the Clothing Renovation Branch, Salvage Division, Of- fice of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functional To handle the repair of hats at camps and other Army posts. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, HAT REPAIR SECTION, Repair Shops Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See REPAIR SHOPS BRANCH. HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS COMMITTEE, Woman in Industry Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Probably created in the summer of 1918, Consisted of representatives of the Woman in Industry Service, the Working Conditions Service, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Labor Department; the Surgeon General's Office, the Ordnance Chief's Office, and the Chemical Warfare Service of the War Depart- ment; the Navy Department; and the Bureau of Standards, the Public Health Service, the National Research Council, and the War Indus- tries Board, Probably went out of existence with the Service on July 1, 1919. Functions? To determine the occupations in which women might be employed safely and the measures needed to remove all hazards not inherent in industry. Records: Whereabouts unknown. HEAD SURGERY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—See SURGERY OF THE HEAD DIVISION. HEAD SURGERY SECTION, Surgery Committee, General Medical Board, Medi- cine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed on July 7, 1917, as a superior coordinat- ing office to control the activities of the Subcommittee on Oto- laryngology and the Subcommittee on Ophthalmology. Functions; The Section apparently existed only for administrative purposes and to make recommendations to the Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment, Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA, HEALTH AND MEDICAL RELIEF COMMITTEE, Operation Division, Railroad Administration,—Created on September 25, 1918; probably terminated with the Division on March 1, 1920, Executive Order No. 3389 of January 24, 1921, ordered the transfer of the records of the Com- mittee to the Public Health Service, Functions: To conduct surveys of sanitary conditions on railroads and to make recommendations for the proper protection of the health of employees and patrons of roads under Federal control. Records: Probably among those of the Public Health Service in NA. HEALTH AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense,—Organized about May 1917 and terminated on Octo- ber 1, 1918, At first known as the Department for the Safeguarding 21*2 of Moral and Spiritual Forces, Mrs. Philip N. Moore, Chairman, Functions: Encouraged the providing of recreation in camps and camp vicinities for men in military and naval service, cooperating with the various organizations engaged in such work. It also cooperated with the Young Women's .Christian Association in providing recreation and patriotic work for young women. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, including reports on the entertainment of soldiers. HEALTH AND SANITATION DEPARTMENT, Shipyard Plants Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See HEALTH AND SANITATION SECTION. HEALTH AND SANITATION SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—In- itiated on November 16, 1917, with the appointment of a Fleet Corpo- ration Medical Officer, On January 15, 1918, a Health and Sanita- tion Department was established in the Shipyard Plants Division and was later transferred to the General Service Division. On May 17, 1918, it became a Section of the Industrial Relations Division, Abolished February 15, 1919* Functions: To supervise the condi- tions of health and sanitation that might affect the physical wel- fare of the men working in shipyards; to provide care for injuries; and to exercise general supervision over sanitation in housing proj- ects and the homes of workers. Records; 1918 (1 foot) in NA, In- clude reports on sanitary conditions and medical care in shipbuild- ing plants, photographs and blueprints of plant layouts and sanitary equipment, record cards on plant welfare activities, and a small amount of administrative correspondence. Additional material re- lating to the activities of the Section is in the general files of the Industrial Relations and Shipyard Plants Divisions in NA. HEALTH DIVISION, HOUSING AND, War Department.—See HOUSING AND HEALTH DIVISION. HEALTH EDUCATION SECTION, PUBLIC, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION SECTION. HEALTH SERVICE, PUBLIC, Treasury Department,-See PUBLIC HEALTH SER- VICE. HEALTH UNIT, Women in Industry Branch, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See WOMEN IN INDUSTRY BRANCH. HEAT AND THERMOMETRY DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department, —Succeeded by the Heat and Power Division about 1922, Functions: To study and establish heat and thermometry standards. During the war it assisted the War and Navy Departments in the field of aero- nautics and investigated roofing materials for temporary war struc- tures. Records: In the National Bureau of Standards, HEATING AND PLUMBING SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Divi- sion, War Department,—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Canton- ment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Transferred with its superior agency to the Construction Division when the latter was organized on March 13, 1918. Functions: To prepare plans for providing Army camps and cantonments with heating and plumbing facilities. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. 2U3 HEATING SECTION, BEDS, STOVES, AND, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MESS, CAMP, AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH. HEAVY HARDWARE AND METALS SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Quarter- master Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. HEAVY HARDWARE BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director1; Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Organized shortly before the armistice, when it took over part of the func- tions of the Metals and Hardware Branch, Hardware and Metals Divi- sion, Quartermaster General's Office. Functioned through the following Sections: Chain [and] Blacksmith's Equipment; Track and Road Tools; Logging and Entrenching Tools; and Records, In the reorganization of December 31, 1918, the Branch was abolished, part of its functions being taken over by the Hardware and Hand Tools Branch, Functions: To have charge of the procurement of heavy entrenchment tools, blacksmith's equipment, and chains. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in.NA, HELIUM PRODUCTION RESEARCH, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—In- vestigations concerning helium production were begun as early as 1916 and were continued after July 31, 1917, under authority of appropriations made for the Army and Navy but allocated to the Mines Bureau, Two of the plants built and operated for the pro- duction of helium were closed on January 23, 1919, but the third continued in operation, financed by Array and Navy funds. Control of helium research and production has remained in the Mines Bureau, Functions: To design and operate plants for helium production. Actual construction was undertaken by the Quartermaster Corps of the Army, but research work was performed under the personal super- vision of the Director of the Mines Bureau, The unit cooperated with the Geological Survey in the recovery of helium from natural gas, and also with the Bureau of Standards, Records: 1918-23 (11 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, reports, blueprints, photographs, and technical data relative to the construction and operation of the Experiment Station, Helium Plant No. 3, at Petrolia Tex, Other records are probably in the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, Petroleum Investigations and Production of Helium, 75-87 (Bulletin 178C. Washington t 1919). HELMETS AND BODY ARMOR COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council,—Organized in 1917 under the chairmanship of Bashford Dean, Also referred to as the Protective Body Armor Committee, Functions; Studied old types of body armor’ and their adaptation to modern war and the types of steel best adapted for helmets. Records: In the National Research Council, HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Established on February 7, 1918, as a Board. Shortly thereafter, it was reorgan- ized as a Branch and operated through the following Sections: Administrative; Hides and Skins; Sheepskins and Gloves; Sole and 2UU Belting Leather; Tanning Materials; and Upper Leather, Harness, Bag, and Strap Leather* In March the Chief of the Branch was ap- pointed by the Chairman of the War Industries Board as Chief of the Hide, Leather, and Tanning Materials Section of that Board* On May 15, the work and personnel connected with tanning materials were transferred to the Chemicals Division, War Industries Board* On October 1, 1918, the remainder of the personnel and activities of the Branch was transferred to the same Board, Functionsi To have jurisdiction over the production of leather of all kinds and also of tanning materials. Records: Probably in NA among those of the Office and of the War Industries Board, HIDE AND SKIN SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board,—Began work on May 2, 1918, its members also serving on the Hide and Leather Control Branch of the Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department, until the Branch was abolished on October 1, Discontinued on December 31, 1918, with a recommendation that its activities be continued by the Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department, Functions: To recommend maximum prices of hides and skins to the Price Fixing Committee and publish the price schedules adopted; to allocate raw stocks to meet restrictions on the sales and importations of foreign hides made by the War Trade Board; and to make regulations for the conservation of domestic hides and skins. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, HIDE, LEATHER, AND LEATHER GOODS DIVISION, War Industries Board.— Originated in March 1918 as the Hide, Leather, and Tanning Mate- rials Section of the Finished Products Division. About May 15 the work relating to tanning materials was transferred to the Chemicals Division, On October 1 the Hide and Leather Control Branch of the Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department, was consolidated with the Section, which then became the Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division. Discontinued December 31, 1918, Func- tions: To provide for Government, civilian, and Allied leather requirements; to protect the industry from the collective buying of other nations; to stabilize prices and eliminate nonessentials; and to allocate materials where there were shortages. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, Include a considerable quantity of card records (8 feet), among them lists of dealers and manufacturers. HIDE, LEATHER, AND TANNING MATERIALS SECTION, Finished Products Divi- sion, War Industries Board,—See HIDE, LEATHER, AND LEATHER GOODS DIVISION. HIDES AND SKINS SECTION, Hide and Leather Control Branch, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH, HIDES AND SKINS SECTION, FOREIGN, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—See FOREIGN HIDES AND SKINS SECTION, HIGH COST OF LIVING DIVISION, Justice Department.—Organized following the passage on October 22, 1919, of an amendment to the Food and Fuel Control (Lever) Act of August 10, 1917, extending its scope and establishing governmental control of the necessities of life, particularly food and clothing. Terminated late in 1920 because of the decline in food prices and an adverse Supreme Court decision in October that declared the amended act unconstitutional. Included a Women’s Activities Division, which operated through a voluntary 2hS field organization. Functions: To check profiteering, hoarding, and other factors contributing to the high cost of living following the war. Records: 1919-20 (36 feet) in NA, Correspondence, chiefly with State Food Administrators, State Fair Price Commissioners, and United States attorneys; case and commodity files; price reports; and records of the Fair Price Committee of the District of Columbia. References: Justice Department, Annual Reports, 1919, p. 14-15; 1920, p. 180-185; 1921, p. 14. HIGHWAYS AND ROADS SECTION, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. HIGHWAYS COUNCIL, Agriculture Department,—Formed at the suggestion of the Secretary of Agriculture through the designation by the Secretary of War, the Director General of Railroads, the Chairman of the War Industries Board, the Fuel Administrator, and the Secre- tary of Agriculture of representatives to act in council. First meeting held on June 8, 1918. Terminated in 1919* L, W, Page, Chairman. Functions: To coordinate the activities of Government agencies insofar as they related to highways, with the objects of avoiding delay, confusion, and conflict and of conserving money, labor, materials, and transportation facilities for essential war purposes, through appropriate regulation of highways work. Arrange- ments were made with State highways departments whereby applications for approval of highways and street work were submitted to the Council, which restricted such work to the most essential needs. Records: 1918-19 (1 inch) among the correspondence files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture in NA, Records regarding engineering and clerical personnel, quarters, supplies, and equip- ment, which were supplied to the Council by the Public Roads Bureau, are in the files of the Public Roads Administration, Federal Works Agency, HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.—Established by the Council in November 1917 said functioned during the war through a system of State and local committees. It was dissolved on Septem- ber 15, 1919, and its peacetime duties were transferred to a newly created Transportation Section. By the Federal Highways Act of 1921 these duties were transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture. Func- tions: To strengthen the Nation's transportation system by increas- ing the use of the highways, particularly as a means of relieving overcrowding on the railroads. The organization set up by the Com- mittee assisted the War Department in the routing of its motor- truck convoy service, encouraged the removal of snow from main high- ways, sought to relieve railroad terminal congestion, and developed motor express routes from agricultural areas to consuming centers or shipping points. Records: A small amount is in NA among the records of the Council of National Defense and of the Secretary of Agriculture, The whereabouts of the bulk of the records is not known, although they may be among those of the Public Roads Bureau in the Federal Works Agency. References: Council of National Defense, Annual Reports, 1918, p, 74-79; 1919, p. 88-92; 1920, p. 12, 18-24. HISTORIAN OF THE WAR, OFFICE OF, State Department.—The Secretary of State appointed Gaillard Hunt Historian of the War on October 1, 1918, The Office of the Historian was incorporated in the Publi- cations Division by Departmental Order No, 203, May 13, 1921, Functions: To prepare ttthe history of the World War as shown by the records of the Department of State," (The narrative part of 2h6 this projected work has never been published,) Recordst In Communi- cations and Records Division, State Department, Referencest State Department, Register, 1918, p, 124; American Historical Association, Annual Report, 1919, vol, 1, p, 160-161 (Washington, 1923); Elizabeth B, Drewry, Historical Units of Agencies of the First World War, 19- 21 (National Archives, Bulletin No. Tl [Washington! 1942), HISTORIAN'S OFFICE, Shipping Board,—Originated in the Division of Planning and Statistics established in February 1918. In April Raymond G. Gettell was assigned to the Division to prepare the annual report of the Board, He was later designated Historian, and his Office became practically independent of the Division, He was succeeded in August 1918 by James G, Randall, who served until August 31, 1919* The work was thereafter carried on in the Office of the Secretary, Functions: To obtain data on the origin, or- ganization, and activities of the Board and of the Emergency Fleet Corporation; and to prepare material for the annual reports, for weekly and special reports and articles, and for a final history of the Board, Records: 1918-20 (8 feet) in NA, consisting chiefly of materials on the activities and functions of the Board, These include histories of its units; organization charts; copies or digests of minutes, orders, memoranda, newspaper accounts, and related material; and correspondence and reports. HISTORICAL BOARD, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—See HISTORICAL DIVISION, HISTORICAL BRANCH, General Administrative Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established by Purchase and Storage Office Memorandum No, 1, January 8, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1920, Functions: To assemble the records of the Quartermaster Corps and of the Purchase and Storage Service and to compile the history of these agencies. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, HISTORICAL BRANCH, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department, —Organized on March 5, 1918, under the direction of Lt, Col, Charles W, Weeks, Operated through the following Sections: Admin- istrative; Diplomatic Relations; Economic Mobilization; General Military History; Military Mobilization; Operations (later the Historical Section, Office of the Chief of Staff, American Expe- ditionary Forces); and Pictorial, It was greatly reduced in size in the summer of 1919, and plans for the preparation of a general history of the war were abandoned by direction of the Secretary on August 4, 1919, In the same month it was placed under the direction of Brig. Gen, Oliver L, Spaulding, In 1921 it became the Historical Section of the Army War College, Functions: To compile historical data relating to American participation in the war. The organization records accumulated by the Historical Sec- tion of the American Expeditionary Forces in France remained for a time in the custody of the Branch, but in 1922 they were trans- ferred to The Adjutant General's Office, Records: Those in NA consist of part of the records of the Economic Mobilization Sec- tion, 1918-19 (55 feet). Other records are in the General Staff, War Department, References: Elizabeth B, Drewry, Historical Units of Agencies of the First World War, 7-13 (National Archives, Bulletin No, 4, [Washington] 1942), 2U7 HISTORICAL DATA SECTION, Administrative Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Established on February 23, 1918, Continued in the Office Division, which suc- ceeded the Administrative Division early in 1919. It was finally abolished about 1923, but its functions essentially were taken over at that time by the newly created Intelligence Division, Functions: To collect and arrange material fbr the eventual compi- lation of a history of the activities of the Engineer Corps and the Office of the Chief of Engineers during the war. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, HISTORICAL DIVISION, Marine Corps,—Established on September 8, 1919, under Maj. Edwin N. McClellan, who had been historical officer for the Corps in France, Functions: To collect material of a histori- cal nature relating to the Marine Corps, to prepare a history of the Corps for the period of the World War, and to revise and com- plete a history of the Corps from 1775. Plans for the longer history did not materialize and the Division became principally an agency for collecting, arranging, and indexing records. A brief history entitled The United States Marine Corps in the World War was published in 1920, Records: In the Navy Department, HISTORICAL DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Es- tablished on August 23, 1917, as the Historical Board, On November 30, 1918, it became the Historical Section of the Museum and Library Division and, finally, on December 4, 1919, the Historical Division, Functions; To collect and prepare material for a medi- cal and surgical history of American participation in the war. This history was issued from 1923 to 1929 in 15 volumes under the title Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War, Probably with those of the Office in NA, HISTORICAL SECTION, Naval Intelligence Office, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—Established about June 20, 1918, under the direction of Rear Admiral W, W, Kimball, with personnel largely detailed from the Office of Naval Intelligence, Shortly after the armistice another Historical Section was set up by Admiral Sims in London under Capt, Dudley W, Knox, which was later merged with the Historical Section in Washington, On July 1, 1919, the Section became a part of the Office of Naval Records and Library, which had been established in 1915, succeeding the Navy Department Li- brary and the Naval War Records Office. Functions; To collect and arrange naval records relating to American participation in the war. Files of both the Navy Department and of naval forces operating abroad were collected, a number of administrative his- tories prepared in other branches of the Department were assembled, and there were prepared a number of monographs on naval activities in the war, some of which were published. Records: Most of those collected by the Historical Section and the Office of Naval Records and Library, as well as the records created by them, are still in the custody of the Office although located in the National Archives Building. References; Elizabeth B. Drewry, Historical Units of Agencies of the First World War, 13-18 (National Archives, Bulletin No. 4. [Washington] 1942), Tpartial list of the monographs pre- pared can be found in Waldo G, Leland and Newton D. Mereness, Introduction to the American Official Sources for the Economic and Social History of the World War, 110-H2 (New Haven, 1926). 2hQ HISTORICAL SUBSECTION, Information Section, Positive Branch, Military- Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department,—See INFOR- MATION SECTION. HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FARM ENTERPRISES, Farm Management Office, Agriculture Department.—A project established in 1912 to determine historical and geographical factors controlling the distribution of crops and types of livestock in the United States and foreign countries. An order of the Secretary issued June 28, 1918, largely suspended the routine work of the project. As a result, activity during the following fiscal year consisted mainly of aid to The Inquiry and its successor in the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, which partly financed this work. In 1919, the project be- came the Agricultural History and Geography Division, which con- tinued much of the emergency activity on a normal basis. Such work has been carried on since 1922 by the Statistical and Histori- cal Research Division of the Agricultural Economics Bureau, but foreign studies are now handled by the Foreign Agricultural Rela- tions Office, Functions} To supply data and prepare maps for use by the Labor Department, State labor commissioners, and farm help specialists in mobilizing farm labor; and to prepare for The In- quiry and its successor reports and maps relating to agricultural conditions in foreign countries and to the interdependence of such countries with regard to agricultural products. Records} Where- abouts unknown. Related material in NA includes a few "project statements" of the Farm Management Office and several items re- lating to emergency activities of the project among the incoming letters of the Secretary of Agriculture for 1918. HISTORY AND STATISTICS BRANCH, MILITARY, Commissioned Personnel Sec- tion, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment. —See MILITARY HISTORY AND STATISTICS BRANCH. HISTORY SECTION, GENERAL MILITARY, Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department,—See GENERAL MILITARY HISTORY SECTION. HOG CHOLERA CONTROL OFFICE, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture De- partment,—Hog cholera investigations were begun in the Bureau in 1883, After July 1, 1913, they were conducted on a wide scale under the direction of the Biochemic Division. The hog cholera field work was separated from this Division on January 1, 191b, when the Office of Hog Cholera Control was established. The Office be- came a Division on April 16, 1919* On July 1, 1934, the field work against hog cholera and other infectious diseases of swine was assigned to the Division of Tick Eradication and Special Diseases, Functions} To investigate, suppress, and control outbreaks of hog cholera and other infectious diseases of swine. Records} 1917-18 (4 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA, HOME AND FOREIGN RELIEF DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense,—Organized about May 1917 and terminated on October 1, 1918, Functions} To cooperate with the American National Red Cross and other relief agencies. Records} Some may be among those of the Council in NA, HOME CONSERVATION DIVISION, Food Administration,—Organized in July 1917 and known as the Food Conservation Division or the Conservation Division, About December 1917 its Hotels and Restaurants Section was given division status, and the Division was renamed the Home 2h9 Conservation Division. It cooperated, with the Educational and States Administration Divisions, which later took over some of its activities. In October 1918 the Schools and Colleges Division was formed by a consolidation of two of its sections. Dissolved early in 1919. Functions: To create public sentiment in favor of the food bill and of other legislation controlling profiteering, hoard- ing, and waste of food and to encourage the conservation of food in the homes. Records: 1917-19 (96 feet) in NA, Correspondence, recipes, menus, and administrative and pledge campaign records. HOME ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT, FOOD PRODUCTION AND, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See FOOD PRODUCTION AND HOME ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT, HOME ECONOMICS OFFICE, States Relations Service, Agriculture Depart- ment,—Nutrition investigations were conducted by the Experiment Stations Office from 1894 to 1915, On July 1, 1915, this Office became a part of the States Relations Service, where a separate Home Economics Office, coordinate with the other Offices in the Service, was organized. On July 1, 1923, the Horae Economics Office was given bureau status. Functions: To survey and study war foods and diets, especially the use of dried fruits and vegetables, cottage cheese, and other milk products as substitutes for wheat and fats; to promote food conservation and improve dietetic prac- tices through the preparation of pamphlets and leaflets distributed by the Agriculture Department, the Food Administration, the Educa- tion Bureau, and the Interior Department; and to prepare outlines for courses of instruction in food conservation. Records; Data relating to the work of the Horae Economics Office is contained in reports of county agents, home demonstration agents, and other field workers, 1917-18 (100 feet), which are among the annual narrative and statistical reports of the Extension Service in NA, Schedules of a national dietary survey made in 1917-18 (50 feet) are in the Agriculture Department. .The destruction of correspon- dence and other papers regarding the dietary survey and a food survey made in cooperation with the Markets Bureau was authorized in 1926, References: Paul V. Betters, The Bureau of Home Economics (Washington, 1930), HOME SECTION, 0WN-Y0UR-0WN, Public Works and Construction Development Division, Information and Education Service, War Labor Adminis- tration, Labor Department,—See CWN-YOUR-CWN HOME SECTION. HOMES REGISTRATION AND INFORMATION DIVISION, Housing Corporation.— Created in June 1918, taking over the functions of the Reference Library and Publication Division, On September 17 it took over the work of the Room Registration Office of the District of Columbia Council of Defense, the activities of which were coordinated with those of the Washington Committee on Equipment of Houses and the Committee on Requisitioned Houses, In addition to the work carried on in the Washington office, this Division had supervision over rent profiteering committees established in 26 cities throughout the United States, Terminated on June 30, 1919, Functions; To keep the records of the surveys made by the Survey and Statistics Division, assemble data and inform the public concerning housing projects, conduct vacancy canvasses in industrial communities and establish registers of rooms, flats, and houses for the use of em- ployees in war industries, and maintain a reference library. Records; 1918-19 (6 feet) in NA, Correspondence, descriptions of 250 the various housing projects, reports of housing committees in various cities, interoffice memoranda, personnel records, work sheets used in writing the Housing Corporation report, and an index to com- plaints relative to rent profiteering. HOMESEEKERS' BUREAU, Agricultural Section, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration.—Organization announced on January 1, 1919; dis- continued on March 1, 1920, Functions: To furnish free informa- tion to individuals about opportunities in farming, dairying, stock raising, and related pursuits. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934. HORSE AND HAND-DRAWN VEHICLES BRANCH, Motors and Vehicles Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES DIVISION. HORSE DRAWN TRANSPORT SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engi- neering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANI- CAL DIVISION. HORSE EQUIPMENT BRANCH, PERSONAL AND, Ordnance Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See PERSONAL AND HORSE EQUIPMENT BRANCH, HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. HOSPITAL DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Created early in July 1917. Operated at first through the following Sec- tions: Administrative, Army Nurse Corps, Amy School of Nursing, Census, Construction and Repair, Overseas Hospital, Procurement, and Selection, In November 1918, two Sections, the Amy Nurse Corps and the Amy School of Nursing, were transferred to the Per- sonnel Division, while the Overseas Hospital Section became a Division on July 10, 1918, In the course of postbellum contraction, the Administrative Section became a Subsection of the new Hospital Administration Section; and the following units, which carried full divisional status throughout the war, were constituted Sections of the Division soon after the signing of the armistice: Internal Medicine, Surgery, Psychology, and Physical Reconstruction. Func- tions: To handle the program of hospitalization for the Amy in the United States, and to organize and administer overseas units, such as base hospitals, evacuation hospitals, ambulance companies, and hospital ships. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. HOSPITAL DIVISION, OVERSEAS, Surgeon General's Office, War Department —See OVERSEAS HOSPITAL DIVISION. HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES BRANCH, Medical and Hospital Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director' Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES DIVISION. 251 HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES SECTION, Medical and Hospital Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. HOSPITAL SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department,—Estab- lished in the fall of 1917, taking over work from the Marine Corps, Fuel Oil, and Radio Section of the Bureau, Functions* To be re- sponsible for the design of hospital and dispensary lay-outs and buildings, the preparation of drawings and specifications, and the allotment of funds and expenditures in connection with hospital work. Records: Dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, HOSPITAL SUPPLIES BRANCH, MEDICAL AND, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. HOSPITAL SUPPLIES DIVISION, MEDICAL AND, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES DIVISION. HOSPITALS AND PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION, SPECIAL, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—See PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION. HOSPITALS AND RELIEF DIVISION, MARINE, Public Health Service, Treas- ury Department,—See MARINE HOSPITALS AND RELIEF DIVISION. HOSPITALS COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— Appointed on April 9, 1917; transferred to the Surgeon General's Office, War Department, about June 1918, Functions: To recom- mend to general hospitals plans for the reorganization of their staffs so as to release personnel for war service; to classify hospitals as to size and facilities and to classify offers of pri- vate houses and buildings for use as military hospitals; to make studies looking toward uniformity in medical nomenclature; and to make plans for the hospitalization of returned soldiers. Records: Probably in NA among those of the Surgeon General's Office and of the Council, HOTELS, GOVERNMENT, Housing Corporation.—See GOVERNMENT HOTELS. HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created in July 1917 as a Section of the Food Conservation Division. During the latter part of the year it became a separate Division. The country was divided into seven districts, each with a prominent hotel man as chairman, and in each State chairmen were appointed to organize food conservation work among hotels and restaurants and to cooperate with the State Food Administrators, In August 1917 the dining-car services of the country were organized for this work through a committee of the Association of Dining Car Superintendents, and in October a chairman was appointed to head a steamship section. Terminated in January 1919. Functions: To organize food conservation programs in dining cars, hotels, restaurants, and clubs. Records: 1917-18 (31 feet) in NA, 2^2 Questionnaires on the amount of food consumed in hotels, clubs, and steamships; menus; and recipes. References: William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919, 95-97 (Stanford University, 1941)• HOUSE FURNISHINGS SECTION, KITCHEN UTENSILS AND, Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.-—See KITCHEN AND GAMP EQUIPMENT BRANCH. HOUSES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMITTEE, REQUISITIONED, Housing Corporation.—-See REQUISITIONED HOUSES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMITTEE, HOUSING AND HEALTH DIVISION, War Department,—Created after the United States entered the war. Terminated in March 1919, Functions: To consider the matter of the housing and health of Government employ- ees and of Army and Navy officers stationed in Washington, D, C,; and to give legal advice and to care for the health and recreation of employees. In carrying out the latter function, it operated through two subsidiary organizations, the War Department Red Cross Auxiliary and the Government Recreation League, Records: In the War Department, HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, INDUSTRIAL, Labor Department.—See INDUSTRIAL HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU. HOUSING BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Organized December 1917 in the Section, at that time directly under the Chief of Ordnance, Functions: To supervise the scope and design of housing projects for industrial workers at private Government-owned plants where ordnance materials were manufactured; and to outline the general scheme of development, prepare sketch plans for building and street lay-outs, estimate costs, and approve the developed projects. After the organization of the Housing Corporation in July 1918, it was a function of the Branch to analyze and present the needs for housing in connection with ordnance establishments and to make requests that these needs be supplied by the Corporation, Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA, HOUSING COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense,—Appointed on Octo- ber 9, 1917, After conducting a 2-weeks hearing, the Committee recommended that a Government agency be created to provide housing for war workers. It was advised on January 10, 1918, that the ad- ministration of housing had been placed under the Secretary of Labor but that it would continue to act in an advisory capacity. On February 12, Otto M, Eidlitz, Chairman of the Committee, became the Director of the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau of the Labor Department, and the work of the Committee was continued by the Preliminary Investigation Division of the Bureau, Functions: To investigate and report upon the extent of the housing problem in connection with workers employed on Government contracts and the relation of that problem to the supply of raw materials. Records: Among those of the Director of the Industrial Housing and Trans- portation Bureau in NA. 253 HOUSING CORPORATION,—Incorporated on July 9, 1918, under the laws of the State of New York under authority granted the President by an act of June 4, and delegated by an Executive order of June IB to the ■ Secretary of Labor, to carry on work begun by the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau of the Labor Department. Functioned through the following Divisions, some of which originated under the Bureaus Architectural, Construction, Engineering, Fiscal, Homes Registration and Information, Industrial Relations, Legal, Operating, Preliminary Investigation, Real Estate, Requirements, Survey and Statistics, Town Planning, Transportation, and Treasury; also included Com- mittees on Adjustment (of claims). Design, Requisitioned Houses in the District of Columbia, and Sites, In 1937 the Corporation was transferred from the Labor Department to the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department, where the work of liquidating its for- mer undertakings was carried on. Since 1939 this work has been per- formed by the Public Buildings Administration of the Federal Works Agency, Functions: To make available housing and other facilities for laborers in war industries. It made available existing hous- ing in crowded communities, attempted to reduce housing congestion by distributing labor through improved transportation, and con- structed and operated houses, apartments, and dormitories. Records: 1918-32 (2,463 feet) in NA. Correspondence, contracts, vouchers, blueprints, building specifications, cost estimates, and memoranda. Other records are in the Procurement Division, Treasury Department, References: Housing Corporation, Report, December 3, 1918 (Wash- ington, 1919), and its final Report (Washington, 1919-20); Harold A, Van Dorn, Government Owned Corporations, ch, 6 (New York, 1926); John F, Crowell, Government War Contracts, 268-269, 280-286 (New York, 1920). HOUSING DEPARTMENT, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See HOUSING SECTION, Passenger Transportation and Housing Division. HOUSING SECTION, Passenger Transportation and Housing Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, —Established on May 7, 1918, as successor to the Housing Section of the General Service Division, created on February 23, 1918, and to the Housing Department of the Shipyard Plants Division, created on August 30, 1917. Abolished on July 1, 1920, Functions: To survey housing requirements in communities in which shipyards were located and to build, operate, and maintain houses for shipyard labor. Records: 1917-19 (3 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, memoranda, and reports relating to housing requirements and house construction. Related records are in the general files of the Division in NA, HOUSING SECTION, Welfare Work Subcommittee, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Appointed on June 28, 1917, After October 1917 its functions were carried on by the Housing Committee of the Council. Functions; To investigate housing conditions in munitions-making and shipbuilding centers throughout the country. Records; Some may be in NA among those of the Council or of the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau• HOUSING UNIT, Women in Industry Branch, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,-—See WOMEN IN INDUSTRY BRANCH. 2Sh HULL BRANCH, Technical Section, Ship Construction Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See TECHNICAL SECTION. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department,—Originated in 1830 in the Depot of Charts and Instruments, which was later known as the Naval Observatory and Hydrographical Office, Sepa- rated from the Observatory in 1866, Functions: To make marine sur- veys in foreign waters and on the high seas and to collect and dis- seminate hydrographic and navigational data. Records: 1862-193-4 (4-18 feet) in NA, Those for the war period include general corre- spondence and ocean current reports. HYDROGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY DIVISION, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Com- merce Department,-—In existence prior to the war. Succeeded by the Coastal Survey Division in 1941, Functions: To determine where surveys or resurveys are required and how they shall be con- ducted; to prepare instructions for s rveying parties, examine records, and inspect field work; to supervise the construction, maintenance, and repair of vessels and field equipment (except instruments); to prepare the publication Coast Pilot and sailing directions; and to compile tide and current data. During the war almost the entire work of the Division was for the War and Navy Departments, Records: Some for the period of the war are among those of the Survey in NA. Others are in the Commerce Department, HYGIENE AND MEDICINE DIVISION, INDUSTRIAL, Working Conditions Service, Labor Department.—See INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND MEDICINE DIVISION. HYGIENE AND SANITATION COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Appointed on April 9, 1917. Cooperated with the War Department, the Navy Department, the Public Health Service, the American National Red Cross, and civilian health agencies. Dis- continued after the armistice. Functions: To assemble informa- tion and make recommendations on sanitary measures to be under- taken by the War and Navy Departments for the protection of troops. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA, HYGIENE BOARD, INTERDEPARTMENTAL SOCIAL.—See INTERDEPARTMENTAL SOCIAL HYGIENE BOARD. HYGIENE COMMITTEE, MEDICINE AND, Medicine and Related Sciences Divi- sion, National Research Council,—See MEDICINE AND HYGIENE COMMITTEE, HYGIENE DIVISION, SOCIAL, Training Camp Activities Commission, Navy Department.—See SOCIAL HYGIENE DIVISION, HYGIENE DIVISION, SOCIAL, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—See SXIAL HYGIENE DIVISION. HYGIENIC LABORATORY, Scientific Research Division, Public Health Service, Treasury Department,—See SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION, 255 I ICE SECTION, AMMONIA.AND, Collateral Conmodities Division, Food Ad- ministration,—See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION, ILLUMINATION SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Di- vision, Quartermaster General's Office, Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division upon its organization on March 13, 1918 Functions: To provide plans for illumination at Army camps and can- tonments, Records: -In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department, ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLATES SECTION, Educational Division, Food Adminis- tration,—Organized in July 1917 as the Photographic Section and renamed the Illustrations Section in December, Became the Illus- trations and Plates Section in October 1918, when it absorbed the motion-picture work of the Advertising Section, Dissolved early in 1919* Functions: To furnish photographs, matrices, and cuts to newspapers, periodicals, and Government agencies and to provide lantern slides and motion pictures for publicity work. Records: 1917-19 (32 feet) in NA, Correspondence, photographs of Food Ad- ministration personnel used by the Speakers' Bureau, lantern slides, and some records relating to motion pictures. IMMIGRANT EDUCATION DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Department, —A section on immigrant education was organized as early as April 1914. In May 1918 it became a Division (also known as the Division for the Investigation of the Education of Immigrants), and in Sep- tember 1918 it was absorbed by the newly cr'eated Americanization Division, Functions: To promote the education and assimilation of foreign-born residents in this country through classes in schools and industrial plants and in connection with social organizations; to establish standards in immigrant education; and to encourage the cooperation of all agencies dealing with Americanization, Records; Probably destroyed as useless papers. IMMIGRATION BUREAU, Labor Department,—In existence since March 3, 1891; became a part of the Labor Department upon its creation in 1913; and as the Immigration and Naturalization Service was trans- ferred in June 1940 to the Justice Department, Anthony Carminetti, Commissioner General during the war period. Functions: To enforce the Chinese exclusion and other immigration laws. During the war it assumed custody of alien enemies taken from German merchant ships in American harbors at the declaration of war and administered an internment camp at Hot Springs, N, C., for those so detained; it had control over the temporary admission of otherwise inadmissible aliens for contract war work; and it cooperated with the State Department in the promulgation and enforcement of passport regu- lations, with the War, Navy, and Justice Departments in investi- gating aliens of all classes and in assisting in the enforcement of the espionage, trading with the enemy, and sabotage laws, and with the Commerce Department in manning merchant vessels with alien 256 seamen. Records: 1917-20 (500 feet) in NA. Include warrant, appeals, deportation, and alien radicalism case files; records of aliens admitted under bond; contracts for services and construction; and personnel and other administrative files. For records of the Bureau's internment camp, see INTERNMENT DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. The Justice Department has retained some general files covering the war period. References: Darrell H, Smith and H, Guy Herring, The Bu-. reau of Immigration (Baltimore, 1924), IMMIGRATION DIVISION, FOREIGN AND INSULAR (MARITIME) QUARANTINE AND, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See FOREIGN AND INSULAR (MARITIME) QUARANTINE AND IMMIGRATION DIVISION. IMPORT SECTION, Port Operations Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Ser- vice, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See PORT OPERATIONS BRANCH. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS COMMITTEE, MINERAL.—See MINERAL IMPORTS AND EX- PORTS COMMITTEE. IMPORTS BUREAU, War Trade Board,—Established on October 15, 1917, to succeed the Imports Division of the Export Licenses Bureau of the Exports Administrative Board, Worked in cooperation with trade asso- ciations in the allocation of imports. Transferred to the War Trade Board Section, State Department, on June 30, 1919, Functions: To have charge of the disposition of all applications for import li- censes and of the administration of the Board's control measures with relation to imports. Such measures were designed to conserve tonnage for essential transportation purposes and to give priority to the procurement of such raw materials and commodities as were needed for Government or essential civilian use. Records: 1917-19 (501 feet) in the State Department, with the exception of records relating to imports of dyes, synthetic chemicals, and drugs, which are now in the custody of the Customs Bureau, Treasury Department. * The records include applications for import licenses and copies of licenses issued, allocation certificates, "in transit" licenses, and correspondence. IMPROVEMENT OF METALS BY TREATMENT AT BLUE HEAT COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council,—Organized in 1918 under the chairmanship of Zay Jeffries, Functions: To study the effects on metals of treatment in the blue heat range. Records: In the National Research Council, INCENDIARY SECTION, Chemical Research Division (Offense), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Organized in October 1917. Reorganized as the Section of Inorganic Chemical Research in April 1918, when remaining incendiary problems were turned over to the Pyrotechnic Research Division. Transferred with the War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions; To conduct research on the intensive and scatter type of bombs; to prepare specifications for smoke mixtures; to develop red and yellow smokes and colored rockets; to develop improved mixtures for use in smoke boxes; and to develop a resistant enamel for lining shells. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 30-33 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). 257 INCENDIARY SECTION, Pyrotechnic Research Division, War Gas Investi- gations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized under the Chemical Research Division (Offense) in October 1917* Transferred to the Pyrotechnic Research Division in April 1918, and with the War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, where it became a part of the Inorganic Section of the Chemical Warfare Service, Functions: To perfect bomb types for the Army and to * develop incendiary darts and projectiles. Records: In the War De- partment and the Mines Bureau, References; Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 30 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). \ INDIAN AFFAIRS OFFICE, Interior Department,—Established in 1824 and charged with the education, property, and general welfare of the Indian tribes of the United States. Functions: During the war, its activities included the registration under the Selective Ser- vice Act of Indians and white persons resident on Indian reserva- tions; the direction of reservation programs for the increased production and conservation of foodstuffs and other essential products; the supplying of Indian labor for productive employment; the sale of Liberty Loan bonds; and the organization of Red Cross assistance work and other work helpful to the war effort. Records: Those for the war period are interfiled with the general corre- spondence of the Office in NA. Include circulars initiating and regulating programs for emergency war work, narrative reports, special reports and letters from the Indian field service concern- ing war work, and correspondence with other Government agencies, agricultural colleges, welfare organizations, clubs, institutions, and individuals. In the library of the Office of Indian Affairs there are field reports made in 1920 on Indian war work (10 binders). References: Indian Affairs Office, Annual Reports, 1918-19. INDOOR ADVERTISING SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration, —See ADVERTISING SECTION. INDUSTRIAL BOARD, Commerce Department.—Began to function as a section in the Secretary's Office in February and terminated in May 1919, Functions; To promote general confidence and hasten the revival of trade by obtaining the voluntary assent of industries to reduction in prices. Records: 1919 (5 feet) in NA, General and adminis- trative correspondence, reports, charts, memoranda, and other mate- rials. INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board.—Formed on November 30, 1918, and soon transferred to the War Trade Board, Functions: To issue, in cooperation with the Department of Labor, a "Weekly Report on Labor Conditions" (see COMMODITIES STATISTICS SECTION), Records: Probably among those of the War Trade Board in the State Department, INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE, JOINT SHIPPING, Shipping Board.—See JOINT SHIPPING INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE. INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION SERVICE, Commerce Department,—Began to func- tion as a section in the Secretary's Office on January 1, 1919, under an authorization (probably issued on December 3, 1918) of the President by which $100,000 was allotted to the Secretary of Com- merce from the "National Security and Defense Fund," Took over some of the functions of the Conservation Division of the War In- dustries Board, Terminated on June 30, 1919, Functions; To serve 258 as a focal point for the study and discussion of business and in- dustrial problems, particularly those concerned with standardization, and to search for outlets for waste products, commercial develop- ments of new products, and plans for minimizing business abuses. Records: 1919 (4 feet) in NA, Include general and commodity files and miscellaneous reports and memoranda. INDUSTRIAL DIVISION, Boys’ Working Reserve, Employment Service, Labor Department,—Date of creation uncertain. Probably terminated with the Boys’ Working Reserve in June 1919. Functions: To enroll boys from 16 to 21 years of age for employment in industry, or to per- suade them to return to school if that seemed the wiser course. Records: Whereabouts unknown. INDUSTRIAL DIVISION, Ordnance Bureau* Navy Department.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Headed by the General Inspector of Ordnance, Functions; To have charge of the inspection of mate- rials manufactured for or otherwise procured by the Bureau; the standardization of policies and methods of procedure relating to inventions, royalties, infringements of patents, and the like; the administration of matters relating to the selective-service regu- lations; and the administration of matters relating to labor, in- cluding conditions of industrial employment and the investigation, arbitration, and settlement of labor disputes, in cooperation with other agencies of the Government, Records: Records of inspectors of ordnance, 1917-24 (1,800 feet), are in NA, Other records are in the Navy Department, INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION SECTION, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established on February 23, 1918, as the Advertising Branch of the Information Section, General Administra- tion Bureau, By Office Order No. 149, issued on September 7, 1918, this Branch became the Industrial Education Section of the Adminis- tration Division. It functioned through three Branches: Motion Pictures, Speakers, and Methods of Publicity, Functions: To con- trol and approve advertising issued by the Ordnance Department; to handle the preparation and supervision of posters and proclamations designed to influence productive effort in factories and arsenals engaged in the manufacture of ordnance material; and to assist in the preparation and distribution of notion pictures and the announce- ments of speakers authorized by the Ordnance Department, Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, INDUSTRIAL FURLOUGH SECTION, Adjutant General’s Office, War Depart- ment.—Created by General Order, No, 94, October 19, 1918, Dis- continued on December 31, 1918, Its records were transferred to the Enlisted Division, Functions: To have charge of matters re- lating to industrial furloughs. It received, investigated, analyzed, and approved or disapproved applications for indefinite furloughs to enable enlisted men of the Array to return to industry; had charge of the revocation of furloughs or the transfer of furloughed men from one plant to another; and allocated to various Government agencies skilled workmen reported as eligible for furlough by the Committee on Classification of Personnel in the Army, Records; In The Adjutant General's Office. INDUSTRIAL FURLOUGHS COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Organized, reported, and prob- ably terminated in August 1918, Functions: To consider, in con- nection with granting industrial furloughs to enlisted men, such 259 problems as pay, war risk insurance, allotments and allowances to dependents, and transportation expenses from camps to places of employment. Recordsi Interfiled with those of the Board in NA, Include minutes of the Committee and its report. INDUSTRIAL GASES AMD GAS PRODUCTS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board,—Created in January 1918 as the Coal-Gas Products Section; in the spring of 1918 its name was changed to Industrial Gases and Gas Products Section. Discontinued on December 31> 1918, Functions: To stimulate and increase the production of all the commodities in its charge; in practice, it particularly dealt with toluol, acetylene, and saccharine. Records: Among those of the War Department Claims Board in NA. INDUSTRIAL HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, Labor Department.—Or- ganized in February 1918. Pending the passage of a bill, intro- duced on February 2, 1918, appropriating $60,000,000 to carry on its work, the expenses were borne by the President’s emergency fund. An amendment of July 8 to the original act increased the appropri- ation to $100,000,000, of which $10,000,000 was to be expended for housing war workers in Washington. By an act of June A, 1918, the President was authorized to create the Housing Corporation, which on July 8 was organized under the laws of the State of New York. The Bureau was responsible for the organization of the Corporation, and its offices became the offices of the new agency and thereafter served in a dual capacity. The work begun by the Bureau was taken over by the Corporation, with the exception of certain minor matters that it was deemed advisable to continue in the name of the Bureau, Otto M. Eidlitz, Director, Functions: To provide housing, local transportation, and general community utilities for industrial workers in arsenals and navy yards and in war industries. Records: Intermingled with those of the Housing Corporation in NA, Refer- ences; Housing Corporation, Report . . . December 3» 1918 (Wash- ington, 1919), and its final Report (Washington, 1919-20); Harold A. Van Dorn, Government Owned Corporations, ch. 6 (New York, 1926), INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND MEDICINE DIVISION, Working Conditions Service, Labor Department,—Probably organized with the Service in August 1918, Included a Section of Industrial Medicine, Operated through the six district offices of the Service and terminated with it on June 30, 1919, Cooperated with the Public Health Service, from which some personnel was detailed. The Chief was A. J, Lanza, Senior Surgeon, Public Health Service. Functions: To maintain war production by reducing labor turnover due to occupational diseases and health hazards, and to organize medical preventive methods and formulate sanitary and health codes in industry. Records; Where- abouts unknown. INDUSTRIAL INSIGNIA SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment,—Organized in July 1918; probably terminated after the armi- stice. Also known as the Civilian Insignia Service, The War Indus- tries Badge Committee cooperated with the Service in an advisory ca- pacity. Functions: To administer a plan recommended by the War La- bor Policies Board (and probably formulated by the War Industries Badge Committee) concerning the issuance of badges as insignia of distinction to industrial workers who had been employed for at least consecutive months in plants of special importance to the war ef- fort. Records: Whereabouts unknown, but the minutes and report of the Committee and some data in regard to the Service are in the files of the War Labor Policies Board in NA. 260 INDUSTRIAL INVENTORY SECTION, Statistics Division, Council of National Defense*—Information collected* by the Committee on Industrial Pre- paredness of the Naval Consulting Board was transferred to the Coun- cil of National Defense on December 12, 1916, and the Industrial Inventory Section was formed to carry on the work. This Section was absorbed by the Resources and Conversion Section, Finished Prod- ucts Division, War Industries Board, about May 27, 1918* Functions: To provide the War and Navy Departments with information concern- ing plants available for the production of war materials. Records? Among those of the War Industries Board in NA, Include industrial inventories and surveys, 1916-18 (139 feet), and card lists of plants and manufacturers, indexes, and other card records (118 feet). INDUSTRIAL MAN-POTER, COMMITTEE ON THE RELATION OF MILITARY TO, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,— See RELATION OF MILITARY TO INDUSTRIAL MAN-POWER COMMITTEE. INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Created on January 28, 1918, The already exist- ing Railway Surgeons Committee was made a subcommittee of it. Ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions: To consider medical care and sanitation of industrial workers. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. • INDUSTRIAL PLANTS DIVISION, Information and Education Service, Labor Department.—Created in August 1918, Organized Government commit- tees in over 2,000 plants. Probably became the Industrial Plants Section of the Public Works and Construction Division in January 1919, Functions: To familiarize workers in industry with the war policies of the Government and to promote the sale of Liberty Loan bonds. Records: Disposition of the Service's records was author- ized by Congress on May 7, 1928, INDUSTRIAL PLANTS SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Division, Information and Education Service, War Labor Administra- tion, Labor Department,—Probably succeeded the Industrial Plants Division in January and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919, Functions: Probably to promote the building construction program among employers and labor unions. Records: Disposition of the Service's records was authorized by Congress on May 7, 1928, INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Divi- sion, National Research Council,—Established in 1917 under the chairmanship of H. G. Wells, Functions: Its researches included studies of the toxic effects of substances involved in the manu- facture and handling of explosives and airplane varnishes, early symptoms of intoxications among munitions workers, and the develop- ment of protective varnishes or other skin coverings. As a result of the facts disclosed by its studies important steps were taken to protect the health of munitions and other industrial workers. Records: In the National Research Council, INDUSTRIAL PREPAREDNESS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy De- partment,—Originated in November 1915 as the Committee on Pro- duction, Organization, Manufacturing, and Standardization but soon became known as the Committee on Industrial Preparedness. Howard E. Coffin was Chairman, Walter S. Gifford was in charge of the campaign for national preparedness, and Grosvenor B. Clarkson was 261 in charge of publicity* Subcommittees of five members were estab- lished in each State. In December*19l6 the leading men of the Com- mittee were absorbed into the Council of National Defense, where the work was continued in the Industrial Inventory Section of the Statistics Division. In May 1918 the Section was transferred to the War Industries Board, where it became a part of the Resources and Conversion Section, Finished Products Division, Functions: To gather information concerning the resources of the country for the production of war materials, plan for the conversion of indus- try to the production of war materials, and accumulate information concerning labor that would facilitate the retention of skilled workers in war-related industries. Records: In the Navy Depart- ment, except for questionnaires of the 1916 industrial survey in NA, which are among the records of the General Munitions Board of the Council of National Defense, and a considerable number of questionnaires concerning various types of industries throughout the country, which are among the records of the Resources and Conversion Section of the ?/ar Industries Board, References: Navy Department, Annual Report, 1916, p. 67-70; Lloyd N, Scott, Naval Consulting Board of the United States. 14, 27-55 (Washington, 1920). INDUSTRIAL REHABILITATION DIVISION, Federal Board for Vocational Edu- cation.—Established in 1920 under an act of June 2, 1920, wherein provision was made that the Government cooperate with the States in rehabilitating and restoring to remunerative employment any persons disabled in industry or otherwise. In 1922 it was known as the Vocational Rehabilitation Division, from 1923 through 1928 as the Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Division, and thereafter as the Vocational Rehabilitation Division. Functions: To supervise the work of the States, aided by Federal grants, in rehabilitating disabled persons by providing each with one or more of the follow- ing: Physical reconstruction, artificial appliances, favorable working conditions, establishment in his or her own business, place- ment, or vocational training for specific occupations; and to make or have made studies, investigations, and reports needed by the State boards in administering the provisions of the act. Records: In the Office of Education. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT CONTRACT CLAUSES AFFECT- ING, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor De- partment.—See GOVERNMENT CONTRACT CLAUSES AFFECTING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, COMMITTEE ON, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, COMMITTEE ON MUNITIONS, MANUFACTURING, AND, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See MUNITIONS, MANUFACTURING, AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR IN CHARGE OF, War Department,—A position created in April 1917, Functions: To deal with problems of industrial relations affect- ing the Department, At first controversies affecting war produc- tion in plants with Department contracts were referred to the De- partment of Labor for adjustment. Later, administrative units were set up in the Ordnance Chief's Office, the Quartermaster General's Office, the Construction Division, and the Aircraft Pro- duction Bureau to handle industrial relations. All these units were coordinated by the Special Assistant, Records: In the War Department, 262 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BRANCH, General Administrative Division, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,-—Transferred from the Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, on October 28, 1918. Included an Administration of Labor Standards for Array Clothing Department, Discontinued prior to June 1919* Functions: To prevent labor controversies that might interfere with war production by adjustment of relations between employers and employees in firms engaged in Array supply contracts. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BRANCH, Personal Planning Staff, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Established on January 26 and abolished on April 16, 1918, Functions: To conduct investigations and devise plans concerning matters relating to labor and personnel. Records: Some are among those of the Office in NA, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, Equipment Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department,—See INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DEPART- MENT, Production Division, Aircraft Production Bureau, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, Production Division, Aircraft Pro- duction Bureau, War Department,—Established in the Equipment Divi- sion of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer and transferred to the Aircraft Production Bureau in May 1918. Functions: To handle the adjustment of industrial disputes, production campaign pub- licity, the obtaining and distribution of an adequate labor supply, the standardization of industrial conditions, the provision of housing and transportation for workers, and the consideration of requests for deferred -draft classifications by workers in the aviation industry. Records; In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, Committee on Public Information,— Consisted of but a single member, Roger W. Babson, who began work in February 1918, Terminated a short time later when he was trans- ferred to the Information and Education Service, Labor Department, Functions: To appeal to the patriotism of labor and capital with a view to increasing production. Records: 1918 (2 inches) in NA. Copies of labor bulletins entitled Special Service for Employers and a poster. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Established on May 7, 1918, as the successor to the General Service Division, which had been created in February. Abolished on May 1, 1919, Functions: To supervise working conditions among shipyard workers, including safety and sanitation; to recruit and train labor for the ship- yards; to supervise the work of employment management in the ship- yards; and to act as conciliator in labor disputes and administer the settlements made by the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, Records: 1917-19 (combined with those of the General Service Divi- sion, total 94 feet) in NA, Include administrative records, ship- yard employment forms, "control books" of shipyard labor information, newspaper clippings, and correspondence, notes, and memoranda re- lating to labor relations, working conditions, and labor adminis- tration. Some records of the Division have been destroyed. 263 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, Housing Corporation,—Organized in August 1918} abolished on July 1, 1919. Functions: To adjust labor problems dealing with wages, hours of work, health, recreation, and living conditions of the employees of the Corporation and of em- ployees of war industries who lived in quarters provided by the Corporation, Records: 1918-19 (3 feet) in NA, Daily personnel re- ports, general correspondence, reports and graphs of labor turnover on the various projects, and work superintendents' reports. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, MARINE AND DOCK, Shipping Board.—See MARINE AND DOCK INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION. INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE, General Relations Division, National Research Council,—Appointed in 1918 in connection with the program of the Council to awaken industry to the importance of research. Composed of men "able to foresee the general benefits" to be derived "from the further progress of science and from a more general and more thorough application of science to industry," Theodore N, Vail, Chairman. Records: Presumably in the National Research Council, INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BRANCH, Personal Planning Staff, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Established on January 26 and abolished upon the reorganization of the Office on April 16, 1918. Functions: To institute inquiries and make recommendations with respect to subjects and methods of research in the several divisions of the Office, Records: Among those of the Office in NA, INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BUREAU, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about November 1, 1918, Transferred to the Engineering and Standardization Branch on January 24, 1919, Appears to have been known also as Research Branch, Functions: To exercise staff supervision over the packing service units of the Divisionj to study improved methods of marking, baling, packing, crating, and boxing Army supplies and munitionsj and to issue circulars of specifications on these matters with a view toward the conservation of cargo space and the reduction of the stowage of Army supplies. Records: Whereabouts unknown. INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH SECTION, General Relations Division, National Research Council,—Established in 1916 as the Committee on Promo- tion of Industrial Research, with J, J. Carty as Chairman. In 1918, under the chairmanship of John Johnston, it became the Section on Industrial Research in the Administrative Division (later the Gen- eral Relations Division). In the peacetime reorganization of the Council it became the Industrial Relations Division, but the name was soon changed to Research Extension Division as being more indic- ative of its actual functions. Functions: It worked in coopera- tion with the Engineering Foundation of New York to bring about a wider appreciation of the importance of scientific research within industries or groups of industries. Records: In the National Research Council, INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SECTION, V/elfare Work Subcommittee, Labor Committee; Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917, In the summer of 1918 its functions were taken over by the Working Conditions Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department, Functions; To advise in regard to the maintenance of proper safety standards in establishments handling Government work. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. 26h INDUSTRIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION, Administrative Branch, Construction Divi- sion, War Department.—Originated early in January 1918, in the Can- tonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Became the Indus- trial Service Section, Administrative Branch, Construction Division, shortly after the establishment of that Branch in March 1918, Func- tions: To establish and approve schedules of labor rates and their preparation for the approval of the War Department representative of the War Labor Policies Boardj to supervise matters pertaining ta wages, hours, and conditions of work on construction projects; to deal with labor delegations; to adjust wages in cooperation with the War Labor Policies Board and the Emergency Construction Wage Commission (formerly the Cantonment Adjustment Commission); and to attend to the recording and compilation of labor rates and agree- ments, Records: In the War Department, INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION, Council of National Defense.—Created by the Council as a result of its decision on November 2, 1917, to authorize the Director to determine the present and future demand for labor in war industries, the relative priorities of the labor demand, and the necessity for the dilution of labor; and to arrange for supplying the demand through the Department of Labor or some other agency. Discontinued about January 4, 1918, when its recom- mendations were approved by the President and provision was made for their execution by the Department of Labor, Functions: As indi- cated above. Records: Among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— Originated as the Industrial Service Department established on September 14, 1917, Transferred to the General Service Division on February 23, 1918, and became a Section in the Industrial Relations Division when the latter replaced the General Service Division in May, Abolished on October 25, 1918, when its functions were taken over by the newly created Labor Supply Section, Functions: To collect and disseminate information on the supply of and demand for shipyard labor, and to handle questions relating to deferred ser- vice classifications for shipyard workers. Records: 1917-19 (com- bined with those of the Labor Supply Section, total 10 feet) in NA, Include statistics on shipyard workers and general correspondence and memoranda relating to methods of obtaining, keeping, and fitting men for work in shipyards. INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established directly under the Office on December 5, 1917. Placed under the Control Bureau on January 14, 1918, and transferred to the Production Division on May 25, when the Bureau was abolished by Office Order No, 222. After October 23, when the Division was abolished, the Section again functioned di- rectly under the Office, On April 3» 1919, by Office Order No, 620, it was set up as a Branch in the Executive Section, Functions: To exercise general supervision over matters affecting labor engaged in the production of ordnance supplies, equipment, and material. The subdivision of functions within the Section is indicated by the names of the following Branches: Community Organization; Community 265 Work; Emergency Labor Productionj Employment, Management, and Work- ing Conditions; Employment and Training Methods; Housing; Informa- tion Service; Mediation; Procurement of Labor; Safety and Sanitation: Wages and Hours of Labor; Women in Industry; and Women's. Recordst Probably with those of the Office in NA. INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS CENTRALIZATION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—See CENTRAL! ZATION OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS COMMITTEE. INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS, JOINT BOARD ON.—Organized at a conference held at the Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics on October 5, 1918. Headed by the Central Statistical Clearing House of the Bureau and represented the joint action of the War, Navy, and Labor Depart- ments, the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, the Housing Corporation, the Railroad Administration, and the War Industries Board, Discontinued after the armistice. Probably also known as the Joint Committee on Industrial Surveys, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board, Functions: To survey all indus- trial communities of the country, particularly with regard to con- ditions holding up production in industrial centers where important war contracts had been placed, and to eliminate duplication in sur- vey activities. The work was under way in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and other cities when the armistice was signed. Records: Some are in NA among those of the War Industries Board, particularly among those of the Resources and Conversion Section. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING DEPARTMENT, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See EDUCATION AND TRAINING SEC- TION, Industrial Relations Division, INDUSTRIAL TRAINING SECTION, Welfare Yfork Subcommittee, Labor Commit- tee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917. Composed of about 150 members, appointed by Samuel Gompers, Chairman of the Labor Committee, and representing labor, employers, and educators. Nine similarly constituted State com- mittees were organized in important manufacturing areas. In July 1918 the activities of the Section were taken over by the Training and Dilution Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department, Functions: To encourage the training of workers in war industries in public and privately endowed vocational schools; to assist and advise in the organization of vestibule and training schools in numerous industrial establishments; and to disseminate information concerning activities in industrial training in England and in this country. The Section was particularly concerned with training un- skilled workers to supplement skilled workmen. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, including correspondence, reports, photographs, and industrial training survey records. INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INSURANCE COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—See INSURANCE OF IN- DUSTRIAL WORKERS COMMITTEE. INDUSTRIES ABROAD SECTION, WAR, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board.—See WAR INDUSTRIES ABROAD SECTION. INDUSTRIES BADGE COMMITTEE, WAR,—See WAR INDUSTRIES BADGE COMMITTEE. INDUSTRIES BOARD, WAR.—See WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD. 266 INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT, WOMEN IN, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.--See WOMEN IN INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT. INDUSTRY SERVICE, WOMAN IN, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment.—See WOMAN IN INDUSTRY SERVICE. INDUSTRY SUBCOMMITTEE, WOMEN IN, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See WOMEN IN INDUSTRY SUBCOMMITTEE. INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND LABORATORIES DIVISION, Surgeon General's Of- fice, War Department.—Organized in June 1917. At first divided into three Sections, as follows: Laboratories and Infectious Dis- eases, Dermatology and Urology, and Combating Venereal Diseases. Following a reorganization of November 30, 1918, the Communicable Diseases Section of the Sanitation Division was transferred to this Division and was absorbed by the Infectious Diseases Section; the museum activities of the Army Medical Museum Section of the Museum and Library Division were transferred to the Division; and the Dermatology and Urology Section of the Division was transferred to the Surgery Division. Functions: To inaugurate and supervise methods for the control of infectious diseases and to maintain laboratories for the scientific investigation of diseases. The functions overlapped those of the Sanitation Division and, as a re- sult, there was close cooperation with that Division, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, INFECTIOUS DISEASES SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—A Laboratories and Infectious Diseases Section was established shortly after the Division was created in June 1917 and was divided into the Labora- tory and the Infectious Diseases Sections. The latter Section apparently absorbed the Epidemiology Section of the Division (estab- lished on November 1, 1918) and the functions of the Communicable Diseases Section of the Sanitation Division, Functions: To insti- tute measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, INFORMATION, COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC.—See COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMA- TION. INFORMATION AND EDUCATION SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Recommended by the Advisory Council. Authorized by an act of July 1, 1918, and organized the same day. Terminated on June 30, 1919. Roger W. Babson, Chief, Functions: To disseminate information among employers and wage earners concerning the national war labor program; to stimulate the morale of workers and employers; and to "combat unsound industrial philosophies." Records; Author- ized for disposition on May 7, 1928, but there are some data about the Service among those of the War Labor Policies Board in NA, References; Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Adminis- tration in the United States During the World War, 211-215 ((Urbana, 1920j). INFORMATION BUREAU, Shipping Board,—Organized on March 22, 1918; abolished on November 1, 1919. Functions: To coordinate and unify the press relations and publicity programs of the Shipping Board; to maintain contact with the leading newspapers and periodicals in the country; to cooperate with the Committee on Public Information; and to advise the Chairman and other high officials of the Board 267 in the preparation of speeches and the handling of press confer- ences and interviews. Records: 1915-19 (5 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence; drafts and copies of releases and articles; press releases; and photographs. INFORMATION DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department,—Created on January 3, 1918, by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor, On March 1 it was expanded into the Division of Information, Adminis- tration, and Clearance, In August it again became a separate divi- sion, Probably terminated in 1920, Functions: To conduct a Nation- wide publicity campaign for the recruiting of workers for war indus- tries; to publish the Employment Service Bulletin; and, after the armistice, to conduct various publicity campaigns designed to secure jobs for soldiers and to increase public buying as a stimulus to business recovery* Records: Whereabouts unknown. INFORMATION DIVISION, Information and Education Service, Labor Depart- ment,—Created on July 11, 1918. Probably terminated with the Ser- vice on June 30, 1919. Functions: Through the use of motion pic- tures and of a staff of speakers, to stimulate factory production, reduce labor turn-over, and improve good will between employers and employees. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928, INFORMATION SECTION, Planning Division, Training and Dilution Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Probably organized in July 1918 and terminated on June 30, 1919, Functions: To prepare bulletins, news letters, news articles, special information, and textbook matter in the field of industrial training. Records; Dis- position authorized by Congress in 1928, INFORMATION SECTION, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department,—Probably originated in February 1918 as part of the Positive Intelligence Section, becoming a sepa- rate Section under the Positive Branch when the latter was formally organized. Renamed Evaluation and Collation Section upon the sign- ing of the armistice. Included an Historical Subsection. Functions; To digest, collate, and disseminate information coming into the possession of the Division; particularly, during wartime, to prepare a daily estimate of the strategic situation. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, INFORMATION SERVICE, RESEARCH, National Research Council,—See RE- SEARCH INFORMATION SERVICE. INLAND TRAFFIC DIVISION, Food Administration.—See TRANSPORTATION DIVISION. INLAND TRAFFIC DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Depart- ment,—Originated in February 1918 with the appointment by the Director General of Railroads of an Inland Traffic Manager for the Navy Department, This representative of the Railroad Administra- tion headed the Inland Traffic Division, which was set up in the Supplies and Accounts Bureau by an intrabureau order of March 30, 1918, absorbing the Rush Delivery Section of the Purchase Division, The Inland Traffic Division was divided into nine Sections: Car Service, Tracer, Routing, Field Traffic, Statistical, Terminal Facility, Passenger Transportation and Labor, Marine, and Record, Discontinued in March 1919. Functions: To handle Navy and Marine Corps transportation matters. Records: Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA, 268 INLAND TRAFFIC DIVISION, Wheat Director's Office,—Probably organized in July 1919 and terminated sometime in 1920. Under the direction of a Manager of Inland Traffic. Functions; In close cooperation with the Transportation Department of the Grain Corporation, to facilitate the movement by rail and water of wheat and wheat flour. Records; 1918-20 (2 feet, including some records inherited from the Transportation Department) in NA, Chiefly fragments of corre- spondence pertaining to shipping permits and allocations to steamers. More important records relating to the work of the Division are among the files of the Transportation Department, also in NA, INLAND TRAFFIC LIAISON SECTION, Special Service Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Existed by June 21, 1918, Functions; To maintain close contact between the Inland Traffic Service and the Office of the Chief of Engineers. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. INLAND TRAFFIC MANAGER, Food Administration.—See TRANSPORTATION DIVI- SION, Food Administration, INLAND TRAFFIC MANAGER, Fuel Administration.—See TRAFFIC AND TRANS- PORTATION BUREAU, Administrative Division, INLAND TRAFFIC MANAGER, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See TRAF- FIC AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, Oil Division. INLAND TRAFFIC MANAGERS, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration,— Appointed early in 1918, as representatives of the Director General on traffic matters in the War and Navy Departments, the Fuel and Food Administrations, the Shipping Board, and the War Industries Board. Discontinued in February 1919. Functions; To cooperate with and direct traffic of the designated Government agencies. Records; See the inland traffic units of the agencies concerned. INLAND TRAFFIC SECTION, Priorities Division, War Industries Board,— Formed in May and discontinued about December 31, 1918. Thomas C, Powell, Inland Traffic Manager, Functions; To act as a point of contact between the shipping public and the Railroad Adminis- tration. Records; Among those of the Board in NA, Include general correspondence, correspondence of the Manager, and indexes (24- feet), INLAND TRAFFIC SECTION, Transportation Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established with the appointment of a Director of Inland Traffic for the Corpo- ration by the Director General of Railroads on January 19, 1918. Apparently terminated soon after the armistice. Functions; To represent the Corporation in all matters requiring action by or imder the jurisdiction of the Director General of Railroadsj to take full charge of traffic matters in the Corporation; and to ex- pedite the shipment of shipbuilding materials and supplies. Records; 1918-19 (2 feet) in NA. Include correspondence and notes. Further material regarding traffic matters of the Corporation is found in ,the records of the Transportation Division and its successors. INLAND TRAFFIC SERVICE, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on January 10, 1918, as the Inland Transportation Division in the Storage and Traffic Divi- sion, which operated through a Property Movements Branch and a 269 Troop Movement Branch and supervised the activities of 26 branch and district offices and of representatives at the various ware- houses, ports, camps, and cantonments* It was reorganized as the Inland Traffic Service by an order of April 22, 1918, and its duties were enlarged by an order of June 8, 1918, issued by The Adjutant General, which transferred to it the duties hitherto per- formed by the Land Transport Branch, Transportation Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, On March 11, 1919, the Inland Traffic Service was consolidated with the Embarkation Service to form the new Transportation Service, Functions; To keep records of the movements of Government property and personnel by rail, and to regu- late the arrival of property and personnel at points of embarkation so as to prevent congestion by operating a system of releases in conjunction with the Embarkation Service, Records: In the Quarter- master General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. INLAND TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Storage and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See INLAND TRAFFIC SERVICE, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, INLAND WATER TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.— Created on June 15, 1917, Discontinued on February 16, 1918, when its functions were taken over by the Inland Waterways Committee of the Railroad Administration, Functions: To study the use to which navigable waters of the United States could be put for the relief of freight congestion on the railroads; to ascertain, for example, what water carriers were available for immediate service, what factors prevented the full use of existing tonnage, and what steps were necessary to create a fleet of inland water carriers. Records: Transferred to the Inland Waterways Committee, Railroad Administra- tion, and probably transferred with the records of that Committee to the War Department, References: Council of National Defense, Annual Report, 1918, p, 220-221; Harold A, Van Dom, Government Owned Corporations, 206-207 (New York, 1926)• INLAND WATERWAYS BRANCH, Port Terminals and Inland Waterways Divi- sion, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department,—See PORT TERMINALS AND INLAND WATERWAYS DIVISION, INLAND WATERWAYS COMMITTEE, Railroad Administration.—Created on February 16, 1918, succeeding the Inland Water Transportation Com- mittee of the Council of National Defense, Abolished on September 5, 1918, when its unfinished business was taken over by the Inland Waterways Division of the Railroad Administration. Functions: To make investigations concerning internal waterways and to prepare a plan for their additional use in the movement of traffic. Records: Probably in NA with those of the Inland Waterways Division among the records of the Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, INLAND WATERWAYS DIVISION, Railroad Administration,—Created on Sep- tember 5, 1918, and took over the unfinished work of the Inland Waterways Committee, Abolished on March 1, 1920, when the Port Terminals and Inland Waterways Division, Transport fit ion Service Chief's Office, War Department, took over its duties. Functions: To have jurisdiction over the acquisition, operation, and construc- tion of vessels and other equipment for the Administration on the New York and New Jersey Canals, the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and the Mississippi and Warrior Waterways, Records: Probably in NA among those of the Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, 270 References: Harold A. Van Dora, Government Owned Corporations, 214-217 (New York, 1926). INLAND WATERWAYS DIVISION, PORT TERMINALS AND, Transportation Ser- vice Chief's Office, War Department.—See PORT TERMINALS AND INLAND WATERWAYS DIVISION. INORGANIC CHEMICAL RESEARCH SECTION, Chemical Research Division (Offense), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Depart- ment .—See INCENDIARY SECTION. INQUIRY, THE,—Originated about April 1917 when Col, Edward M. House at the request of the President brought together a group of research investigators to study peace problems. Enlarged by September 1917. When The Inquiry was fully developed it had 18 divisions, each headed by a specialist, 11 of which divisions dealt with individual problem countries or regions, Sidney E, Mezes became the first Director, Reorganization was effected during the summer of 1918 by Isaiah Bowman, who then became Executive Officer, The organi- zation as such may be said to have ended with the departure for Paris in December 1918 of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Most of the investigators of The Inquiry became members of the Com- mission’s Division of Territorial, Economic, and Political Intelli- gence. Functions! To conduct studies of the various geographical, ethnographic, historical, economic, and political questions likely to come before the peace conference that would terminate the war. Records: These may be divided into three groups! (1) Typewritten reports and memoranda frequently accompanied by specially prepared manuscript maps (one set at the State Department, 4-0 feetj a par- tial set at the American Geographical Society of New York; and a third set at the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stan- ford University, Calif,), These records have never been published as a series. Certain individual memoranda are printed in Hunter Miller, My Diary, and a few reports have been published, e. g,, in G. L, Beer (edited by L, C. Gray), African Questions at the Paris Peace Conference (1923). (2) Letters and other records dealing with the establishment and organization of The Inquiry (a) among the Mezes papers from the College of the City of New York, now pre- served at Columbia University (about 1,200 pages; microfilm of a selection representing about one quarter of the total in the Ameri- can Documentation Institute, Washington, D. C,); and probably among (b) the Hunter Miller papers in the custody of the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, (c) the Woodrow Wilson papers in the Division of Manuscripts at the Library of Congress, and (d) the Edward M, House papers at Yale University, (3) A series of some 40 specially drafted base maps, or outline maps, as well as block diagrams, i. e,, perspective drawings, of problem areas,which were printed and on which were superimposed in hand coloring and letter- ing the various data dealt with in the Inquiry reports or the data needed daily by the various Commissions at the Peace Conference, (Complete set in the American Geographical Society of New York, Several individual maps in NA.) References! State Department, Foreign Relations, 1919, The Paris Peace Conference, vol, 1, p. 9-118, 122-123, 183-184, 416-447 (Washington, 1942); Edward M. House and Charles Seymour, eds,, What Really Happened at Paris; the Story of the Peace Conference, 1918-1919, by American Delegates, j-14 (New York, 1921); James T. Shotwell, At the Paris Peace Con- ference, 1-19, 28-33 (New York, 1937). 271 INQUIRT BUREAU, Interstate Commerce Commission,—Originally estab- lished in 1907 as the Prosecutions Division; redesignated in 1911 as the Inquiry Division, and on October 17, 1917, as the Inquiry Bureau. Functions* To investigate alleged criminal violations of the Act To Regulate Commerce; to provide the Commission -with infor- mation for deciding whether or not matters should be referred to the Justice Department; and to prepare cases for prosecution by the appropriate United States attorneys. Normally a large majority of cases investigated are disposed of without prosecution by the agreement of the offenders to correct or discontinue their unlawful practices. During the war the Bureau was instrumental in the prose- cution of several lumber dealers who sought to avoid embargoes upon lumber shipments to the Atlantic ports by falsely consigning such shipments to various Government agencies and officials. Records: 1907-42 (800 feet, in the Interstate Commerce Commission), Include investigative files, docket books, briefs, and records of violations. INSECTICIDE AND FUNGICIDE BOARD, Agriculture Department,—Established by General Order 143 of the Secretary of Agriculture on December 22, 1910, Abolished and functions transferred to the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration on June 30, 1927. Administration of the Insecticide Act was transferred to the Agricultural Marketing Ser- vice on June 30, 1940, Functions? To administer the Insecticide Act of 1910 and to conduct investigations relating to insecticides and fungicides. During the war the Board cooperated with the Bu- reaus of Chemistry and Entomology in enforcing the provisions of the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917, relative to in- secticides. In cooperation with the Wood Chemicals Section of the War Industries Board and the Entomology Bureau, the Board obtained the release of large quantities of acetic acid for use in the air- plane program by arranging for the substitution of vinegar for acetic acid in the manufacture of Paris green. The Board also assisted the Entomology Bureau in the examination and development of preparations effective in destroying body lice and other vermin. Records? Some materials pertaining to the Board (10 feet) are among the Plant Industry Bureau files in NA, Reference? Insecticide and Fungicide Board, Report, 1919# INSECTICIDE AND FUNGICIDE LABORATORY, Miscellaneous Division, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department,—An Insecticide and Fungicide Board was created in the Department in 1910, In 1911 a laboratory was es- tablished in the Chemistry Bureau to carry on the Board's analytical work on samples collected. Functions? To determine whether Picker- ing Bordeaux formulas could replace standard American Bordeaux for- mulas and, if so, on what plants and under what conditions; to find substitutes for insecticidal plant materials, the importation of which was forbidden; to investigate commercial methods of preparing calcium arsenate; to find substitutes for Paris green; and, in collaboration with the Entomology Bureau, to investigate for the War Department the chemical composition and effectiveness of various lice killers. Records? Those for the war period are among the general files of the Chemistry Bureau in NA, INSIGNIA SERVICE, INDUSTRIAL, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment.—See INDUSTRIAL INSIGNIA SERVICE. INSPECTION AND CONTROL DIVISION, Food Administration.—See ENFORCE- MENT DIVISION. 272 INSPECTION AND INVESTIGATION DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Of- fice, War Department.—Organized late in 1918} discontinued by July 15, 1919• Functions? To have Jurisdiction over all informa- tion concerning the activities of the local and district draft boards received from sources other than official, investigate com- plaints against boards or draft executives, and supervise the system of national inspectors. Records? Among those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION AND PRODUCTION BRANCH, Supply Control Division, Quarter- master General’s Office, War Department,—See GENERAL INSPECTION BRANCH. INSPECTION AND SURVEY BOARD, Navy Department.—See INSPECTION DIVI- SION, Naval Operations Office, INSPECTION AND TEST SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Administra- tion,—Created on March 29, 1918; presumably abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920, Functions? To supervise tests and in- spections of materials and workmanship in the construction of stand- ard locomotives and cars. Records? Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934* INSPECTION BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department.—Established on May 6 and abolished on October 28, 1918, when its duties were taken over by the Salvage Division, Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage Functions? To inspect conservation and reclamation work at camps, cantonments, and posts, and to submit reports thereon, with a view to suggesting improvements with regard to methods of work. Records? Probably among those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established by Supply Circular No, 86 of September 5, 1918, Operated through Administration and Methods Sections. Discontinued about January 25, 1919. Functions? To supervise inspection matters in relation to Amy supply activities. Records? Whereabouts unknown. INSPECTION BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department,—Created early in 1918, By March of that year, the Inspection Branch had been formally coordinated with the Planning Branch, though each actually operated as a separate unit. On October 19, 1918, the Inspection Branch was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functions? To have charge of inspection with reference to subsistence. Records? Probably among those of the Office in NA. INSPECTION BRANCH, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, INSPECTION BRANCH, GENERAL, Supply Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See GENERAL INSPECTION BRANCH. INSPECTION BRANCH, PRODUCTION AND, General Supplies Division, Pur- chase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War De- partment.—See PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION BRANCH. 273 INSPECTION BRANCH, PRODUCTION AND, Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION BRANCH, Hardware and Metals Division. INSPECTION DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department,—Organ- ized under an act of August 5, 1882, as the Board of Inspection and Survey, On May 11, 1915, it was transferred to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, where it constituted the Inspection Divi- sion of the Office, Functions! Charged with conducting acceptance examinations and trials of naval vessels and aircraft, except ex- perimental aircraft, and with the inspection of newly comnissioned vessels, naval vessels on their return from foreign stations, and naval vessels in the United States, Records: 1890-1940 (358 feet) in NA, Include reports on trials and inspections of naval vessels, with related correspondence, copies of outgoing correspondence, and a manuscript "History of the Board of Inspection and Survey," prob- ably prepared about 1919. INSPECTION DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Orig- inated in May 1917, In September it became the Inspection Section, Gun Division. On January 14, 1918, by Office Order No, 104, the Section was consolidated with the Inspection Sections of the Small Arms and Equipment Divisions to form a new Inspection Division, Inspection Division Order No, 77, June 27, 1918, divided the new Division into four main Sections: Executive, Auxiliary, Planning, and Field. Functions: To perform duties connected with the in- spection, acceptance, and rejection of ordnance and ordnance stores and supplies procured by purchase or manufacture, excepting those manufactured at arsenals and those manufactured at plants especially excepted from inspection by order of the Chief of Ordnance; to fol- low up the results of operations and processes so as to keep informed as to the quality of material during all stages of manufacture; to receive and digest reports of proving-ground tests and to control certain proving grounds; to be responsible for shipping from private plants all component articles in accordance with shipping orders issued by the Production Division and to ship articles of issue in accordance with shipping orders issued by the Supply Division; and to furnish progress reports on each contract and order to the Pro- duction or Supply Division and such other reports and information as might be prescribed by the Estimates and Requirements Division, Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department,—In existence prior to the war. Consolidated with the Supply Division of the Bureau of Engineering in September 1923, Functioned through a field force of inspectors located in various inspection districts near manufacturing centers. Functions; To inspect engineering material for new construction, spare parts, and repairs; to prepare specifications for material; and to make various tests of material and keep records of those tests. Records: 1911-23 (combined with the general files of the Bureau of Engineering, total 4,134 feet) in NA, Correspondence, References: Navy Department, Annual Report, 1918, p, 531-535. INSPECTION SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. INSPECTION SECTION, Carriage Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH, Executive Section, In- spection Division. 27U INSPECTION SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created in 1917, Operated through the following Branches: Cleaning and Pressing Material; Hardware; Leather and Leather Equipment; Steel Helmets and Aluminum Mess; and Textile and Textile Equipment, Transferred to the Inspection Division on January 14, 1918, Functions: To inspect before acceptance material pur- chased by the Division to see that it met Government specifications. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment,—Originated as a Division in May 1917, On September 7, 1917, by Gun Division Order No, 4, it became a Section in the Gun Divi- sion, Included the following Branches: Administration, Metallur- gical, Office Efficiency, Powder and Explosives, and Technical. On January 1918 it was consolidated with the new Inspection Division, Functions: To have complete responsibility for questions affecting the inspection, test, and acceptance of materiel under manufacture at private plants for the Gun Division, except cannon and their accessories. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION SECTION, Industrial Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment,—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To have charge of the establishment and maintenance of the inspection service of the Bureau, The country was divided into 10 inspection districts, and a number of inspection stations were maintained. Records: Records of inspectors of ordnance, 1917-24 (1,800 feetY, are in NA, Other records are in the Navy Department, INSPECTION SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established during the latter half of 1917, Functions: To follow up the construction of nitrate plants and machinery; to inspect the completed machinery; and to adjust mechanical diffi- culties in the construction of machinery. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION SECTION, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Of- fice, War Department.—Established on September 7, 1918. Functioned through seven field offices, covering the following geographical departments: Northeastern, Eastern, Maryland and Washington, D. C,, Southeastern, Central, Southern, and Western, Functions: To super- vise the inspection of material at manufacturing plants, depots, and warehouses, and to assist in expediting production and shipments. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, INSPECTION SECTION, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about April 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1919, Functions: To supervise inspection methods employed in Department supply activi- ties, Records: Whereabouts unknown. INSPECTION SECTION, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See INSPECTION DIVISION. INSPECTION SERVICE, GENERAL, Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- ment.— See GENERAL INSPECTION SERVICE. INSPECTION SERVICE, STEAMBOAT, Commerce Department,—See STEAMBOAT INSPECTION SERVICE. 275 INSPECTION SECTION, SANITARY, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department,—See SANITARY INSPECTION SECTION, INSPECTOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, War Department,—In existence before the war. Apparently did not operate through subdivisions. Functions: To inspect, as prescribed by law and by Army regulations and exist- ing orders, various phases of military activity, such as the organ- ized combat divisions, coast artillery, aviation fields, mobiliza- tion and other camps, general and base hospitals, remount depots, transport service, ports of embarkation, service schools, military arsenals and depots, disciplinary barracks (including food and its preparation), instruction and training, discipline, equipment, clothing, supply and administration, public and semipublic funds, and the efficiency and fitness of officers of all grades* Records: In the War Department, References: Inspector General’s Depart- ment, Reports, 1917-21. INSPECTOR OF ORDNANCE ESTABLISHMENTS, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established about January 1919* Supervised the work of the Plant Facilities Section, Functions: To supervise and coordinate the activities of inspectors stationed at various plants doing work for the Office of the Chief of Ordnance and for the Ordnance Department, and particularly to supervise and expedite the salvage of machinery and equipment in accordance with policies laid down by the Arsenal Board, the War Department Claims Board, and similar bodies. Records: Among those of the Office in NA, INSTRUCTION SECTION, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established on February 11, 1918, by Office Order No. 135, to take over the instruction work of the various personnel sections of the General Administration Bureau (later the Adminis- tration Division). By July the Section had been abolished. Func- tions : To supervise and operate schools of instruction in the Grd- nance Department, and to perform other duties connected with the instruction of commissioned, enlisted, and civilian personnel. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, INSTRUMENT DIVISION, Weather Bureau, Agriculture Department.—In . existence prior to the war. Functions: During the war, to extend its aid to the Army and Navy by constructing meteorological instru- ments to meet special needs and by furnishing equipment for meteoro- logical stations at camps and naval bases. Records; Among the gen- eral files of the Bureau in NA. INSTRUMENT, MACHINERY, AND CONTAINER BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspec- tion Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on May 1, 1918, Operated through the following Groups: Administra- tive, Optical Instrument, Technical Investigation, Machinery and Stamped Metal, and Packing Container. Functions: To supervise the inspection of optical and fire control instruments; packing contain- ers of fiber, wood, or metal; machinery of all types; stamped metal ware; steel helmets and body armor; metal cartridge clips; and shell lifting plugs. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. INSTRUMENT SECTION, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Commerce Department.— In existence prior to the war. Sometimes called the Instruments Division. Functions: To design and supervise the construction of new instruments and maintain the old ones. During the war it re- paired sextants and other instruments qeeded by the Navy and de- signed new instruments for the War and Navy Departments, Records: In the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 276 INSTRUMENT SECTION, MILITARY OPTICAL GLASS AND, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See MILITARY OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENT SECTION. INSTRUMENTS COMMITTEE, NAVIGATION AND NAUTICAL, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division, National Research Council.—See NAVIGATION AND NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS COMMITTEE. INSULAR AFFAIRS BUREAU, War Department.—Created as the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of War on December 13, 1898, as a result of the acquisition by the United States of a colonial empire following the war with Spain. On Decem- ber 10, 1900, by order of the Secretary of War, its name was changed to Bureau of Insular Affairs. Its functions were transferred to the newly created Territories and Island Possessions Division, Interior Department, effective July 1, 1939, by Reorganization Plan No. 2. Functions: Supervision of and liaison with civil governments in Cuba, 1898-1902 and 1906-9, Puerto Rico, 1898-1900 and 1909-3U, and the Philippine Islands, 1898-1939; and supervision of the Dominican Customs Receivership, 1905-39, and the Haitian Customs Receivership, 1920-2U. During the period of neutrality, 191ii-17, the Bureau was concerned with diplomatic problems arising put of belligerent ship- ping through the ports of Manila, San Juan, and other Philippine and Puerto Rican ports; it also received and transmitted to the Board of Relief or otherwise acted upon numerous applications for the relief of destitute Americans and Filipinos stranded in Europe. Following the entrance of the United States into the war, the Bureau had ex- tensive relations with the War Trade Board, the War Industries Board, the Alien Property Custodian, and the War Finance Corporation on matters affecting the Philippine Islands and Puerto Rico and super- vised the registration of aliens in these islands. Records: 1898- 1939 (1,600 feet). In NA, except those for the years l£35-39, which are in the Territories and Island Possessions Division. Include administrative correspondence and reports relating to islands over which the Bureau had jurisdiction. About 8 feet are known to re- late to the war activities described above. References; Insular Affairs Bureau, Reports, 191h-19. INSULAR POSSESSIONS DIVISION, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodi- an.—Organized in 1917 and abolished in 1920. The function of administering the relevant trusts was continued by the Trusts Bu- reau. Functions; Jurisdiction over all enemy property located in the insular possessions and Territories of the United States, in connection with which it performed functions of Investigation and sale and handled related legal matters. Records: 1917-20 (15 feet, including related records to 1928) in NA. Include correspondence and other records pertaining to the investigation, supervision, sale, or liquidation of enemy property located in the insular pos- sessions. INSULAR STATIONS DIVISION, Experiment Stations Office, States Rela- tions Service, Agriculture Department.—Organized in 1902, but insular experiment stations had already been established in Alaska in 1898, in Hawaii in 189U, and in Puerto Rico in 1901. Similar stations were established in Guam in 1908 and in the Virgin Islands in 1918. Functions: During the war, to stimulate and increase the production of food in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam to meet the situation created by the reduction of tonnage for food shipments resulting from the use of coastwise vessels for transport service to Europe. Records: Those in NA include records of experiment stations 277 in Alaska, 1897-1923, and in Guam, 1908-32 (30 feet), in the files of the Office of Experiment Stations. Correspondence of the Divi- sion, annual financial reports, and other papers remain in the Agri- culture Department. References: Milton Conover, The Office of Experiment Stations, 62-65 (Baltimore, 192U). INSURANCE BUREAU, WAR RISK, Treasury Department.--See WAR RISK INSUR- ANCE BUREAU. INSURANCE CIAIMS DIVISION, COMPENSATION AND, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—See COMPENSATION AND INSURANCE CLAIMS DIVISION. INSURANCE DEPARTMENT, Finance Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on Decem- ber 27, 1917, as a part of the Auditing Division. It was transferred on May 10, 1918, to the newly created Finance Division and appears to have been abolished when the latter was replaced by the General Comp- troller's Department on February 10, 192®. This Insurance Department was entirely separate from the Insurance Wivisia& of the Operations Division. Functions; To handle insurance matters in connection with ship construction and to administer the Corporation's system of in- surance. Records: In the Maritime Commission. INSURANCE DIVISION, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Origi- nally established as the Advisory Insurance Committee of the Opera- tions Division on September 28, 1917, by a resolution of the Shipping Board. On September 28, 1918, the Committee became a Division with expanded functions. At present it is- in the Maritime Commission. Functions; The Advisory Insurance Committee advised the Shipping Bo3rd on all questions relating to marine, war risk and protection, and indemnity insurance and handled an insurance fund for the Opera- tions Division. It also fixed premium rates in agreement with the commercial market and the War Risk Insurance Bureau. The Insurance Division, on its part, fixed premium rates, insured vessels under the control of the Board against maritime and war risks, managed insurance funds, and investigated insurance claims. Records: 1917- 23 (72 feet) in NA. Correspondence, forms, and reports. INSURANCE DIVISION, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.—Created in 1917. Continued until some time after 192U. Functions: To exercise supervision over matters relating to the property, the operation, and the liquidation of enemy insurance companies. Rec- ords: 1917-37 (U5 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, inven- tories, requests made by the Alien Property Custodian, statements of securities held by insurance companies, accounts of income and disbursements, reports of insurance company managers, and other papers. INSURANCE DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.— Authorized by the "Organization Chart and Organization Memoranda" of August 20, 1918, The Division was under the direction of a Depu- ty Commissioner of Military and Naval Insurance responsible to the Director of the Bureau. Terminated on August 9, 1921. Functions; To control records pertaining to military and naval insurance, to conduct the work of converting term insurance policies into perma- nent forms of Government life insurance, and to administer the insurance features of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act (see CIVIL RELIEF SECTION). Records: In the Veterans' Adminis- tration. 278 INSURANCE DIVISION, MILITARY AND NAVAL, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.--See MILITARY AND NAVAL INSURANCE DIVISION. INSURANCE DIVISION, WAR RISK, Adjutant General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See WAR RISK INSURANCE DIVISION. INSURANCE OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Authorized by the War Labor Policies Board on October 18, 1918, and probably terminated in December, Functions: To investigate and report on the question of general insurance for war workers. Records; Among those of the Board in NA, Include minutes of meetings of the Committee. INSURANCE SECTION, Contracts Branch, Construction Division, War Depart- ment.—Probably established on May 2U, 1917, as a part of the Canton- ment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Probably transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division, when the latter was established on March 13, 1918. Functions: To handle matters relat- ing to surety bonds, fire insurance, workmen's compensation, and employer's liability insurance. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. INSURANCE SECTION, Operating Division, Housing Corporation.—See OPER- ATING DIVISION. INSURANCE SECTION, MARINE, Finance and Purchases Division, Railroad Administration.—See MARINE INSURANCE SECTION. INSURANCE SECTION, WAR RISK, Disbursing Division, Supplies and Ac- counts Bureau, Navy Department.—See WAR RISK INSURANCE SECTION. INTELLIGENCE BUREAU, WAR TRADE, War Trade Board.—See WAR TRADE INTEL- LIGENCE BUREAU. INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT, MARITIME, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See MARITIME INTELLIGENCE DE- PARTMENT. INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department See NAVAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICE. INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, FOREIGN, State Department.—See FOREIGN INTEL- LIGENCE DIVISION. INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, MILITARY, General Staff, War Department.—See MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIVISION. INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, TERRITORIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL, American Commission to Negotiate Peace.—See AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTI- ATE PEACE. INTELLIGENCE INSTRUCTION SECTION, COMBAT, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See COMBAT INTELLIGENCE INSTRUCTION SECTION. INTELLIGENCE OFFICE, NAVAL, Naval Operations Office, Navy Depart- ment.—See NAVAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICE. INTELLIGENCE SECTION, FIELD, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See POSITIVE BRANCH, 279 INTELLIGENCE SECTION, FOREIGN, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See POSITIVE BRANCH. INTERALLIED AERONAUTICAL COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—A successor of the Interallied Aviation Committee. Its members were formed into three subcommissions to consider, respectively: Technical matters; military matters; and legal, commercial, and financial matters. Held its final meeting on May 22, 1919. Functions: To study aero- nautical questions referred to it by the Supreme Council and, con- versely, aeronautical questions that the Commission considered should be submitted to the Council; also to draft a convention in regard to international air navigation in time of peace. The Commission passed various resolutions, including several dealing with terms imposed on Germany and the limitation of German civil aviation. Records; 1919 (3 inches) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, and memoranda. References: H. W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Confer- ence of "Paris, vol. 2, p. 002 (London, 1920), INTERALLIED AVIATION COMMITTEE.—Created pursuant to Joint Note No, 7 adopted by the Supreme War Council at its third session, February 1, 1918, Comprised two representatives of each of the four Allied Pow- ers. Succeeded by the Interallied Aeronautical Commission of the Peace Conference, Functions: To conduct investigations of the pro- grams of production of aviation material} to arrange for the distri- bution of raw materials among the Allied air services} and to examine measures to be taken in order to bring about an eventual standardiza- tion of types of airplanes, motors, and aeronautic material in gener- al. Records: 1918-19 (3 inches) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, and memoranda. References; State Department, Foreign Relations . . . the Lansing Papers, 191i}-20, vol. 2, p. 2H5-2H5 (Washington, l9L0)» INTERALLIED CHEMICAL COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. INTERALLIED COAL AND COKE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—One of about two dozen interallied programme committees, the establishment of which was recommended at the Interallied Conference at Paris in November 1917 to cooperate with the Allied Maritime Transport Council. Although it apparently existed in some form as early as July, it was not finally set up as an operating unit until September 1918. On it were representatives from Great Britain, Italy, Prance, and the United States. Sir Guy Calthorpe, Chairman. The Committee continued to hold meetings after the war. Functions: To determine the needs of the American Expeditionary Forces and the Allied countries in general for coal, coke, and manufactured fuels other than petroleum products} and to recommend available British coal supplies for use where they were most needed. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References: State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p. 590} Fuel Administration, Pinal Report of the United States Fuel Administrator, 112 (Washington, 1921). INTERALLIED COAL COMMISSION.—See COAL MISSION, American Relief Admin- istration. INTERALLIED COMISSION ON SCIENTIFIC ALIMENTATION.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS, Interallied Petroleum Conference.—Created on June 25>, 1918. Met in Washington, D. C., in August and September. Ended in December 1918. 280 Functions: To determine sources of petroleum supply, and to recom- mend specifications as to quality, apparatus, and tests. Records: Whereabouts unknown. The activities of the Commission are reflected in the records of the Oil Division, Fuel Administration, in NA, INTERALLIED COMMITTEE FOR THE REEDUCATION OF WAR CRIPPLES.—Composed of representatives of various Allied countries and of private welfare and philanthropic organizations. The original invitation for the United States to send delegates came from the Belgian Legation in Washington. The first meeting was held in Paris in 1917, and subsequent annual meetings were held in London, Rome, and Brussels. The number of dele- gates from the United States varied, but there were usually persons present-representing the Departments of the Interior, State, and War, The permanent headquarters, established in Paris, was financed through philanthropic gifts and by annual grants from the Allied countries. In making appropriations for the diplomatic and consular services for the fiscal years 1919*22, Congress appropriated $6,000 annually for the support of the Committee. Apparently its work was later taken over by the Health and Labor Section of the League of Nations. Func- tions: To deal with all questions affecting disabled soldiers, such as pensions, artificial limbs, and vocational training; to serve as a central bureau for information and the study and coordination of efforts made in the different Allied countries for war cripples; to collect a library of publications and documents and issue a monthly periodical; and to stimulate the creation and development of research laboratories for the special study of protective apparatus, artifi- cial limbs, and work tools. Records; Whereabouts unknown. INTERALLIED CONFERENCE.—Convened at Parts from November 29 to December 3, 1917, with representatives in attendance from nearly every country that was at the time at war against the Central Powers. The chief members of the delegation from the United States under Col. Edward M. House were: Admiral W. S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations; Gen, Tasker Bliss, Chief of Staff; Oscar T. Crosby, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Vance C. McCormick, Chairman of the War Trade Board; Bainbrtdge Colby, representing the Shipping Board; Alonzo E. Taylor, representing the Food Administration; and Thomas Nelson Perkins, representing the Priorities Board. Committees covering a great variety of subjects were organized. As a result of their recommenda- tions, the Allied Maritime Transport Council, the various interallied programne committees, and other interallied bodies were established. Functions; To coordinate the needs and activities of the various Allied nations, and to develop special machinery for handling mili- tary and economic problems. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Refer- ences; James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control. 151-155 (Oxford, 192l); State Department, Foreign Relations. 1917, supp. 2, vol. 1, passim, especially, 295-296, 33A-AA5* INTERALLIED CONEERENCE OF PRIME MINISTERS.—Composed of the heads of government of the principal Allied and Associated Powers, this Con- ference held meetings from 1920 to 1923. Hugh Wallace, American representative. Functions; Dealt with such matters as the Hungarian treaty. Allied relations with Soviet Russia, the Adriatic question, the occupation of plebiscite zones, the Bessarabian question, the admission of Switzerland into the League of Nations, the Caucasus situation, war criminals, and the extradition of William II, Records: Whereabouts unknown. INTERALLIED COUNCIL GN WAR PURCHASES AND FINANCE.—Created in December 1917 as one of the results of the Interallied Conference which met 281 in Paris. The Council was composed of representatives of Great Brit- ain, Ptance, Italy, and the United States, and held its meetings in London and Paris. Oscar T. Crosby, Assistant Secretary of the Treas- ury, served as American representative and President, Functions: To deal with Allied war purchases in America and credits advanced by the United States Government. In time the Council came more and more to confine its work to questions of international exchange and the ad- justment of international credits. Records: Some are in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; part of the correspond- ence of the President of the Council is in the papers of the Allied Purchasing Commission in NA. The whereabouts of the remainder of the records is unknown. References: Dwight W. Morrow, The Society of Free States, 103-104 (New York [1919]); Ernest L. Bogart, "Economic Organization for War," in American Political Science Review. 14: 605 (Nov. 1920); State Department, Foreign Relations. 1917, supp. 2, vol. 2, p. 546 ff. INTERALLIED DANUBE RIVER COMMISSION,—Established by the Supreme Eco- nomic Council on May 20, 1919. Financed by the American Relief Ad- ministration. Replaced by the reinstated European Conmission of the Danube (originally established in 1856) under the terms of article 347, Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. Functions; To facilitate the transportation of relief supplies and the movement of commerce on the Danube in connection with its control of international trade on that river. Re cords; In the Hoover Libraiy on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University. References; American Relief Administra- tion, Bulletin No, 11, p, 10-15 (May 30, 1919). INTERALLIED FOOD COUNCIL.—A body of four members organized in London on July 29, 1918, and composed of the Food Controllers of Great Brit- ain, France, and Italy and the Food Administrator of the United States It was to meet once every 3 months or as often as necessary. Under it served a permanent body of technicians known as the Interallied Food Council Committee of Representatives. Through this Committee the Food Council exercised authority over the following Programme Committees: Wheat Executive, Meats and Fats Executive, Oil Seed, and Sugar. In February 1919 the work of the Food Council was taken over by the Food and Relief Section of the Supreme Economic Council. Functions; To coordinate the purchase and importation of food sup- plies; to eliminate competition in purchasing food supplies and to see that food was given proper consideration in the shipment of com- modities; and to act as liaison between the four food progranme comr- mittees and the Allied Maritime Transport Council and Interallied Council on War Purchases and Finance. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References: State Department, Foreign Relations. 1918, supp, 1, vol. 1* P. 535-558; Prank M, Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War. 205-207 (New York, 1928); James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control. 304-310 (Oxford, 1921). INTERALLIED POOD COUNCIL COMMITTEE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Interallied Food Council.—Established by the Council in London on July 29, 1918. Each member of the Council was permitted to appoint "an equal number of representatives" to serve on the Committee, An independent chair- man without voting power was to be elected by the members of the Com- mittee "from outside their own members." Delegates from the Inter- allied Maritime Council, the Interallied Council on War Purchases and Finance, and the Interallied Scientific Commission assisted the Com- mittee. After the armistice the duties of the Committee were taken over by the Supreme Council of Supply and Relief, Functions; To 282 coordinate and direct the following agencies: Wheat Executive, Meats and Fats Executive, Sugar Programme Committee, and Oil Seed Programme Committee; to act as the sole means of communications between these bodies and the Interallied Maritime Council and the Interallied Coun- cil on War Purchases and finance; and to assure that the shipping of food supplies to the Allies would be given proper attention in pro- portion to other necessary commodities. Records: Whereabouts un- known. References: Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War. 205-207 (New York, 1928); State Department, Foreign Rela- tions. 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p. 557-558. INTERALLIED MEATS AND FATS EXECUTIVE.—Organized in London on August 29, 1917, when representatives of Great Britain and France signed, and a representative of Italy consented to, the Meats and Eats Execu- tive Agreement, L. P. Sheldon, Food Administration representative at London, kept the United States Government informed of the delibera- tions of the Executive. In the spring of 1918 it became one of the various Interallied Programme Committees. On July 29, 191#, the Interallied Food Council of Representatives became its inmediate superior. The Meats and Fats Executive continued to meet at London during 1919, submitting occasional reports to the Food Section of the Supreme Economic Council. The Allied Provisions Export Commission, an agency staffed with British personnel, acted for it in America. Functions; To coordinate the purchase and distribution of meats, edible animal fats, dairy products, canned fruits, and vegetables. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References; State Department, Foreign Relations. 1917, supp. 2, vol. 1, p. 656; 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p. 558, 590; H. W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol, 1, p, 298 (London, 1920), INTERALLIED MILITARY TRANSPORTATION BOARD.—Created by the Interallied Railway Committee on March 5, 1919, as a subcommittee of the Inter- allied Technical Board. Consisted of one representative from the United States and one from each of the Allies having military forces in Siberia. The Japanese representative was Chairman of the Board, which held its first meeting in Vladivostok on March 18, 1919. The Board ceased to function on October 25, 1922. Functions; To coordi- nate the services of Allied controlled railways in Siberia and China under the direction of Allied military authorities. Records; 1919- 22 (1 foot) in NA. Include copies of the minutes of some of the Board meetings and several reports from the representative of the United States. References; State Department, Foreign Relations. 1919, Russia, p. 239, 256, 257, 561, 568, 569, 575. INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL.—Planned by the Interallied Conference at Paris as an organ under the Supreme War Council. Began operations on June A, 1918, and met at Paris about once a month thereafter. Con- sisted of two members from each of the four principal Allied powers, including the Ministers of Munitions of Great Britain, Prance, and Italy. By July 16, 1918, Edward R. Stettinius, Second Assistant Secretary of War, was given limited authority to represent the United States on the Council, Subsequently, L. L. Summers of the War Indus- tries Board also served as representative. The Council was served by a permanent secretariat, an Interallied Bureau of Statistics, and the following Committees; Munitions Technical, Interallied Aviation, Interallied Chemical, Explosives and Explosives' Material (under which was to be the Nitrate of Soda Executive), Non-ferrous, Mechani- cal Transport, and Steel. There was also planned, but probably never organized, a committee on railway and transport supplies to cooperate 283 with the Interallied Transport Committee at Versailles. An Allied Rubber Committee was operating under the Munitions Council at the time the armistice was signed. Functions: To examine and make recom- mendations relative to the manufacture, availability, and need for war munitions; and to act as liaison between the programme committees dealing with munitions and the Interallied Maritime Transport Council. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References; State Department, Foreign Relations. 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p. 581-617, especially 584-589; James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control. 182-185, 327 (Oxford, 1921); Great Britain, War Cabinet, Report. 1918, p. 23, 108-109 (Parliament, Papers by Command. Cmd. 325. London, 1919). INTERALLIED NITRATE CO.aiJTTEE.~See NITRATE OF SODA EXECUTIVE. INTERALLIED PETROLEUM CONPERS^CE.—Established on recommendation of the Interallied Conference at Paris on November 30, 1917. Consisted of representatives from the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy, Preliminary meetings were held at London as early as February 1918, but the first formal meeting was delayed until May 6, 1918, when representatives from the United States could attend. The five sessions held during the war were at Paris, London, or Rome. Several subcommittees dealt with the following subjects: Petroleum storage in France; standardization of petroleum products; an importation pro- gram in accordance with the schedule of the Allied Maritime Transport Council; and petroleum requirements of the Allies in Europe and the Mediterranean, United States delegates, L. I, Thomas, Commander Foley, U. S. N., and Chester Naramore. Sir John Cadman, Chairman. Functions: To agree upon the petroleum requirements of each Ally, the best sources of supply, and specifications, tonnage, and routes for conveyance of supplies. Records; Whereabouts unknown. Minutes of meetings and some correspondence and reports are among the records of the Petroleum Division, Mines Bureau, and of the Fuel Administration in NA. Refer- ences: State Department, Foreign Relations. 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p. 572, 590, 591; James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control. 328 (Oxford, 1921); Fuel Administration, Final Report of the United States Fuel Administrator. 269 (Washington, 1921). INTERALLIED PIG TIN POOL See INTERALLIED TIN EXECUTIVE. INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES.—At the Interallied Conference at Paris, November 29 to December 3» 1917, the organization of about two dozen programme committees to cooperate with the proposed Allied Mari- time Transport Council was recommended. Each comrdttee was to be modeled upon the Interallied Wheat Executive and was to deal with a specific article of import. Forgotten for a time, the plan was re- vived upon the strong recommendation of the Allied Maritime Transport Council in May 1918, Organization began in June and still was in progress at the cessation of hostilities in November. In June, com- mittees dealing with munitions of war were placed under an Interallied Munitions Council. In July, four committees dealing with foods were placed under an Interallied Food Council. A plan for Interallied Haw Materials Council was conceived but not carried out. Programme Com- mittees known to be functioning in November 1918 and not under one of the two Councils mentioned above were: Coal and Coke; Cotton; Flax, Hemp, and Jute; Leather and Hides; Paper; Petroleum; Timber; Tobacco; and Wool. Beginning in June 1918 the Interallied Wheat Execu- tive served as one of the committees. Although references have been noted to an Imports Programme Committee, a Horse and Mules Programme Committee, and a Gum Resin and Varnish Programme Committee, evidence that these units actually functioned as programme committees has not 28U been found. Functions: To agree upon and make recommendations for Joint Allied programs for the purchase and importation of the raw materials and finished products with which each Ally was concerned, and to make statistical reports on the commodity in question for report to the Interallied Maritime Transport Council and the Inter- allied Council on War Purchases and Finance. The functions of each committee varied widely, depending upon the personalities of the members and the need for action, but none had executive power. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Blueprint organization charts of the Programme Committees as of June 1918 are among the records of the Allied Purchasing Commission in NA. References; State Depart- ment, Foreign Relations, 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p.572-599; James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control, 181-185, 300-30U, 327-328 (Oxford, 1921); Great Britain, War Cabinet, Reports, 1917, p. 18-20, and 1918, p. 22-2U (Parliament, Papers by Command, Cd. 9005, Cmd. 325. London, 1918-19). INTERALLIED PURCHASING COMMISSION.—This body (not to be confused with the Allied Purchasing Commission) was created by resolution of the Interallied Railway Committee on April 11, 1919. Controlled by the Interallied Technical Board. Members consisted of a representa- tive of the Minister of Ways and Communications of the Russian Pro- visional Government and of a representative each from Great Britain, Japan, and the United States. Terminated on November lU, 1922. Capt. C. E. Spengler of the United States, Chairman. Functions: To direct the selection, purchase, inspection, and foreign trans- port of materials, supplies, and equipment purchased by the Allies for the Siberian and Chinese Eastern Railways. Records: 1919-22 (6 feet) in NA. Include minutes of the Commission, financial rec- ords, and other papers. INTERALLIED RAILWAY COMMITTEE.—Created under the terms of the Inter- allied Railway Agreement of January and February 1919 between the United States and Japan and subscribed to by the Allied and Associ- ated Powers and the Provisional Government of Russia (at Omsk), The Committee included one representative each from Japan, the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia, China, and the Provisional Russian Government. The Russian representative, L. A. Oustrugoff, served as Chairman, and the American representative, C. Smith, as Secretary. The first meeting was held at Vladivostok on March 5, 1919. In accordance with the terms of the Interallied Railway Agreement, the Committee terminated upon the withdrawal of the last foreign military forces from Siberia on October 25, 1922. Functions; To rehabilitate and to reestablish efficient trans- portation on the Chinese Eastern and Siberian Railways by the super- vision of railroad operations in the zone of Allied intervention in Siberia and China. Records; 1919-22 (5 feet) in NA. Include original minutes and correspondence. References; State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, Russia, vol, 3, p. 1919, Russia, P. 236-593;' vol. 3, P- U37-727. INTERALLIED SANITARY COMMISSION.—Organized in Paris in 1917. Ameri- can delegate, Hugh S. Gumming of the Public Health Service. Func- tions; To investigate sanitary conditions in European seaports and inland communities where camps were to be located. Records; Where- abouts unknown. References; Public Health Service, Annual Report, 1918. INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC ALIMENTATION COMMISSION.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. 285 INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC COMMISSION.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION.—Created by the Interallied Conference at Paris in November 1917, to be composed of two repre- sentatives each from the United States, Italy, Great Britain, and France. The American representatives, Russell Chittenden, profes- sor of physiological chemistry at Yale University, and Graham Lusk, professor of physiology at Cornell Medical School, were appointed in January 1918 and attended conferences in Paris, Rome, and London until June 1918. A permanent central secretariat was set up at Paris, with local secretaries in each Allied country. On July 29, 1918, the Commission was instructed to send a delegate to the Com- mittee of Representatives of the Interallied Food Council. The Commission was also called the Interallied Scientific Commission and is usually referred to in American records under its original title, the Interallied Commission on Scientific Alimentation. Functions: To plan equal distributions of food in countries that suffered a deficiency, and to study, scientifically, interallied food problems and to suggest remedies. Records: Whereabouts un- known. The accounting records of the American representatives and also a copy of the Commission's "First Report on the Food Resources, Consumption and Requirements of the Allied Countries, Paris, July 1918" are among the records of the Food Administration in NA. Referencest State Department, Foreign Relations, 1917, supp. 2, vol, 1, p. 665-666; 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p. 552-553, 558. INTERALLIED TECHNICAL BOARD.—Created under the terms of the Inter- allied Railway Agreement of January and February 1919 and controlled by the Interallied Railway Committee. One railway expert from each of the Allies with military forces in Siberia sat on the Board. First meeting held on March 5, 1919. Terminated on November 1, 1922. John F. Stevens, American member of the Board, was President. Functions: The technical and economic management of all railways in the zone of operations of the Allied military forces in Siberia. Records: 1918-22 (combined with those of the Russian Railway Serv- ice Corps, 1917-20, total 91 feet) in NA. Include minutes, corre- spondence, and reports. References: State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, Russia, vol. 3, p. 27U-30U; 1919, Russia, 256-590; 1920, vol. 3, p. U38, 500, 513, 561, 568-569. INTERALLIED TIN EXECUTIVE.—By an agreement of August 28, 1918, the Governments of the United States and Great Britain created a Tin Executive, which was to meet at London. George N. Armsby and John Hughes represented the United States on this body, and Sir Leonard Llewelyn became Chairman. France and Italy joined in this agree- ment in September, and Japan in October, The United States was allowed two-thirds of the world's tin production, which was dis- tributed by the War Industries Board through the United States Steel Products Co. The agreement, known as the Interallied Pig Tin Pool, came to an end on January 1, 1919. Functions; To ar- range for the purchase, allocation, and distribution of tin; to control the price of tin among the signatory powers; and to form a monopoly of the world's supply of tin. Records; Whereabouts un- known. References: State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, supp. 1, vol. 1, p, 601-60U, 6lU; James A. Salter, Allied Shipping Control, 327 (Oxford, 1921). INTERALLIED WHEAT EXECUTIVE.—As a result of the Conference of Repre- sentatives of the Allies at Paris on November 15 and 16, 1916, the 286 Wheat Executive Agreement creating the Interallied Wheat Executive was signed by representatives of Great Britain, France, and Italy on November 29. The headquarters of the Executive was set up in London, with a single delegate from each of the three Allies. In 1917 L, P. Sheldon made reports to the United States Government regarding its deliberations. The Wheat Executive established buying agencies in the wheat-growing areas of the world. For the United States this agency was the Wheat Export Co, On August 31, 1919, the restricted duties of the Wheat Executive Were taken over by the Consultative Food Committee, which ceased to function on August 30, 1920. Functions: To arrange for the purchase, transport, and allo- cation of cereals, namely, maize, barley, rice, rye, peas, beans, and oats, and of cereal products; and to make studies and surveys of the availability and need of supplies. The Executive served as one of the Interallied Programme Committees beginning in June 1918, making reports to the Allied Maritime Transport Council and the Interallied Council on War Purchases and Finance and, after July 1918, to its newly created superior, the Interallied Food Council. In June 1918 it took over the work of the Belgian Relief Commission. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References: Great Britain, Royal Commission on Wheat Supplies, First Report, p, lU-16, 68-78, 85 (London, 1921); Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War, 30-35 (New York, 1928). INTERDEPARTMENTAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.— Established on March 29, 1917. Composed of representatives from the 10 executive departments and the National Research Council, the Chief of the Section on Cooperation With the States of the Council of National Defense, and the Director of the Council, who served as Chairman. On November 2, 1917, the Committee adjourned, subject to the call of the Chairman, and was never recalled. Functions; To keep the several branches of the Government engaged in national de- fense work in close touch with each other, to suggest means of co- operation in carrying out the same ends, and to prevent duplication of effort. Records; Some may be among those of the Council in NA. INTERDEPARTMENTAL AMMONIA CONTROL COMMITTEE.—Created in November 1917, and consisted of representatives of the Agriculture, Interior, War, and Navy Departments, the Food Administration, and the Council of National Defense. Terminated early in 1919. Functions; To con- sider the conservation and distribution of ammonia, with a view to securing as far as possible an adequate supply for explosives, cold storage, and agricultural purposes and to curtailing its use for nonessential purposes. Also to license, through the License Divi- sion of the Food Administration, individuals or firms engaged in the importation, manufacture, storage, or distribution of any prime product of ammonia as produced in byproduct coke-oven plants, coal- gas plants, and nitrogen-fixation plants. Records: Whereabouts un- known. Records relating to the work of the Committee (2 feet) are in NA in the files of the Secretary of Agriculture,of the Chemistry Bureau, and of the Collateral Commodities Division, Food Administra- tion. Included are minutes of meetings, regulations, correspondence, and memoranda. INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATIONS.—A body of four members, representing the State, War, and Navy Departments and the Committee on Public Information, appointed in response to invitations issued on July 2h, 1918, by the acting Secretary of State to the Secre- taries of War and the Navy. A subcommittee of noted scientists and engineers collected technical data. The Committee apparently closed 287 its operations after submitting a preliminary report in January 1919. Breckenridge Long, Third Assistant Secretary of State, Chairman. Functions: Originally appointed for the purpose of im- proving cable* and wireless service with China and Japan, the Com- mittee extended its activities to include submarine cable service in general. Records; Whereabouts unknown. Some correspondence re- lating to theCoremittee is in the State Department and in the files of the Secretary of the Navy in NA. References: Interdepartmental Committee on Communications, "Preliminary Report" [January 25, 1919], in Committee on Public Information, Official U. S. Bulletin, February U, 1919, p. 8-9. INTERDEPARTMENTAL COST CONFERENCE.—Established by the Secretary of Commerce in the spring of 1917. The Conference held various meet- ings which were attended by representatives of the War and Navy Departments, the Council of National Defense, the Federal Trade Commission, and leading private concerns. Terminated in the summer of 1917 when its functions were transferred to the Federal Trade Commission, Also known as the Interdepartmental Conference. Func- tions; To discuss the war,contract problem and to prepare a manual on cost methods and contract forms. In July 1917 it issued a pam- phlet entitled "Uniform Contracts and Cost Accounting Definitions and Methods." Records: Probably in the Federal Trade Commission. References; Benedict Crowell and Robert F. Wilson, Demobilization; Cur Industrial and Military Demobilization After the 117-121 (How America Went to War. New Haven, 1921). INTERDEPARTMENTAL DEFENSE BOARD, Council of National Defense.—Created on November 2, 1919, to bring about liaison between the executive departments concerned with national defense matters. Frequently referred to as the Interdepartmental Board. Included one representa- tive from each of the six executive departments represented on the Council, under the chairmanship of the Director of the Council, Its first meeting was held on November 10, 1919, and its last on October 29, 1920. Grosvenor B. Clarkson and Herbert N. Shenton, Chairmen successively. Functions; The Board reviewed the administration of the Government’s war program in order to make recommendations for future emergencies; studied the duties of the Council and prepared a plan of organization; initiated studies on leather supply, hydro- electric power reserve, and railroad facilities; and recommended the establishment in the Council of a division of statistics to centralize data required for adequate planning for national defense. In order to avoid duplication of effort, it arranged with the Eco- nomic Liaison Committee of the State Department for an exchange of information regarding their respective activities. The Board pro- posed to make use of the records of the War Industries Board which were then in the possession of the Council. Records; 1919-20 (among the files of the Council of National Defense) in NA. Include minutes and related correspondence and a file of Herbert N. Shenton, the second Chairman, which contains some reports. References; Council of National Defense, Annual Report, 1920. INTERDEPARTMENTAL SOCIAL HYGIENE BOARD.—Created by an act of July 9, 1918, which also created a Division of Venereal Diseases in the Public Health Service. Composed of the Secretaries of War, the Navy, and the Treasury, as ex officio members, and of representa- tives of the Surgeons General of the Army, the Navy, and the Public Health Service. Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy, Chairman. Functions; To correlate the efforts of the War and Navy Departments and of the Public Health Service in waging a Nation-wide campaign 288 against venereal diseases or their underlying conditions; and to direct the expenditure of moneys allotted to the States and to in- stitutions and organizations for carrying out medical and protective social measures for the prevention, treatment, and control of vene- real diseases. Records: 1918-23 (7 feet) in NA. Correspondence, memoranda, minutes of meetings, allotment ledgers, account books, and copies of processed and printed materials issued by the Board. Referencest. Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board, Manual (Wash- ington, 1920), and Reports, 1920-22; Navy Department, Annual Report, 1918, p. 92. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.—Established by an act of March 3, 18U9* War work was performed chiefly through the Mines Bureau, the Geological Survey, the Patent Office, the Education Bureau, the Reclamation Service, the Office of Indian Affairs, and the General Land Office. Franklin Knight Lane, Secretary of the Interior during the war. Functions: To coordinate and give general direction to the activi- ties of the various bureaus of the Department. Particularly con- cerned during the war with the development of natural resources of importance to the war effort, the conduct of important war-related scientific experiments, the control of explosives, map making, the direction of courses of study in schools to meet war needs, the supervision of the proper use of valuable patents,- and the regis- tration of Indians under the Selective Service Act. Records: The Secretary's files for the war years are in the Department of the Interior, except for those relating to the Secretary's supervision over the Patent Office (6 inches) and the Pension Bureau (1 foot) and files relating to the special Americanization program super- vised by the Secretary of the Interior (U feet), which are in NA. For records other than those of the Office of the Secretary, see the bureaus listed above. References: Interior Department, Annual Reports, 1917-19. INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—Created on November U, 1915. Consisted of four mem- bers; A. L. Riker, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. INTERNAL MEDICINE DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.— Probably established in June 1917. Operated at first through two Sections: Tuberculosis and Cardiovascular. The following Sections were added later: Gastroenterology, Psychiatric, and Orthopedic, the latter two Sections being active only temporarily. In November 1918, when the Office was reorganized, the Division became a Section of the Medicine Division, and on September 9, 1919, it was trans- ferred to the Hospital Division, where it was concerned particularly with the care and disposition of the tubercular and neuropsychiatric cases held over from the war. Functions: To direct and supervise the professional medical work in the base and general hospitals, and to be responsible for the selection, training, and assignment of personnel for this work. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. INTERNAL MEDICINE SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgi- cal Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. INTERNAL REVENUE BUREAU, Treasury Department.—Created in 1861. Dur- ing the war its activities were greatly expanded. "The personnel in 289 Washington was increased from less than 600 to more than 3,000, while the field forces expanded from U,500 to more than 10,000, making the total personnel in 1919 approximately lit,000.” Func- tions; To have charge primarily of the assessment and collection of internal revenue taxes. During the war, to collect the increased income, estate, excess profits, and other taxes imposed by the Gov- ernment in order to meet its demands for additional revenue. On September 2, 1917, the Bureau was given control over the production of distilled spirits for beverage purposes as part of the food con- trol program and was later charged with the enforcement of restric- tions on the sale of intoxicating liquors which went into effect in the summer of 1919. Records: Most of those for the war period are in the Internal Revenue Bureau. Some estate tax returns and records relating to industrial alcohol and wartime prohibition are in NA. References: Laurence F, Schmeckebier and Francis X. A. Eble, The Bureau o f Internal Revenue, 1-60 (Baltimore, 1923). INTERNATIONAL HI CM COMMISSION,—Established as a result of the meeting of the Pan-American Financial Congress held in Washington in May 1915. Consisted of financial representatives of the American re- publics. The Secretary of the Treasury was designated as Chairman of the United States Section. The Secretary of Commerce became Chairman in 1921, the Secretary of the Treasury continuing as honor- ary chairman, and in that year the name of the Commission was changed to "Inter-American High Commission.” In 1933, the United States Sec- tion was dissolved and its work and records were transferred to the State Department. Functions: To foster improved commercial rela- tions among the American nations, particularly between the United States and South America. Records; 1915-3U (U9 feet), in NA. (The records of financial transactions of the United States with the Com- mission are in the Accounts Bureau, Treasury Department.) Refer- ences : Treasury Department, Annual Reports, 1915-22. INTERNATIONAL LAW DIVISION, CONSTITUTIONAL AND, Judge Advocate Gener- al's Office, War Department.—See CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW DIVISION. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION ON LABOR COMMISSION, Peace Conference.— Created at the plenary session of the Peace Conference on January 25, 1919. Functioned between February 1 and March 2h, 1919. Com- posed of two representatives from each of the five Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan) and five representatives chosen by Belgium, Cuba, Poland, and Czecho- slovakia. American members, Samuel Gompers and Edward N. Hurley (who was later replaced by Henry M. Robinson). Samuel Gompers, President. Functions; To inquire into the conditions of employ- ment from the international aspect; to consider the international means necessary to obtain common action on matters affecting condi- tions of employment; and to recommend the form of a permanent agency to continue such inquiry in cooperation with, and under the direction of, the League of Nations. Records; Some are in the State Depart- ment among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. References: James T. Shotwell, At the Paris Peace Conference,*155- 156, 225 (New York, 1937). INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF PORTS, WATERWAYS, AND RAILWAYS COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—Created at the second plenary session of the Peace Conference on January 25, 1919. Composed of fifteen members, two for each of the five Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan) and five chosen by all the 290 powers with special interests (Belgium, China, Greece, Serbia, and Uruguay). One delegate each from Poland, Portugal, Rumania, and Czechoslovakia was added later. First meeting held on February 3, 1919. Two Subcommittees were established: Transportation and Gen- eral Control. American members, Henry White and David Hunter Miller, the latter being succeeded by James Brown Scott. S. Crespi (of Italy), President. Functions: To inquire into and report on the international control of certain ports, waterways, and railways. Records; Some are in the State Department among those of the Ameri- can Commission to Negotiate Peace. References; David Hunter Miller, My Diary at the Conference of Paris, vol. 11, p. 9-12 (New York, l92lj); H. W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p. $01j vol. 2, p. (London, 1920). INTERNATIONAL SUGAR COMMITTEE.—Formed in September 1917 and composed of five members, two representing Great Britain, France, and Italy, two the American refiners, and one the Food Administration. Existed through the greater part of 1918 but was largely superseded by the Sugar Equalization Board,, created in July 1918. Functions; To har- monize the sugar requirements of the Allies and the United States, to assure a supply of sugar at reasonable prices by negotiating agreements with Cuban producers and by arranging for financial sup- port from American bankers, and to intercede in behalf of sugar dealers with other governmental agencies in order that they might obtain the necessities of their trade. Records; 1917-18 (combined with those of the Sugar Equalization Board, 15 feet) in NA. Records of the Chairman of the Committee include the minutes of the Committee and correspondence relative to its affairs. References; Almon R. Wright, "Archival Sources for the Study of War-Time Relations of Latin America With the United States, 1917-1920, Illustrations of Their Use," Inter-American Bibliographical Review, 1; 23-35 (spring 19U1). INTERNMENT DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, Immigration Bureau, Labor Department.— The care of interned aliens by the Bureau was provided for by an act of June 15, 1917. The Assistant Commissioner General of Immi- gration, Alfred Hampton, was detailed as Internment Director, with headquarters at the Bureau's internment camp at Hot Springs, N. C. An Acting Director, with headquarters in Washington, was liaison officer between the Bureau and cooperating departments. On July 1, 1918, supervision of all interned aliens was turned over to the Justice Department and custody of them to the War Department. Functions; To provide for interned aliens in the War Department's custody, chiefly officers and seamen taken by immigration officers from German vessels in American harbors at the outbreak of war. Records; 1917-18 (28 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, invoices, and other records concerning the operation of the Hot Springs camp. INTERNMENT SECTION, War Bnergency Division, Justice Department.—Ex- isted from October 1, 1917, to May 15, 1919. Functions; To control the arrest, detention, internment, parole, bonding, and repatriation of alien enemies. Records; 1917-20. Interspersed among the central files of the Justice Department in NA. Include correspondence, memo- randa, regulations, instructions, forms, and case files. INTERREGIONAL DINING-CAR COMMITTEE, Traffic Division, Railroad Admin- istration.—Appointment announced on September 21, 1918. Discon- tinued on March 1, 1920, Functions; To inaugurate a plan to standardize meals served in dining cars. Records; Whereabouts un- known. 291 INTERREGIONAL TRAFFIC COMMITTEE, Traffic Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Appointed on February 9, 1918; discontinued in June 1918. Functions; To make a stucfy of traffic movements with a view to re- ducing congestions at terminals and ports. Records: Part of its files are with the records of the Port and Harbor Facilities Com- mission, Shipping Board, in NA. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.—Created in 1887. In 1917 it included the following Bureaus: Car Service, Carriers' Accounts, Inquiry, Locomotive Inspection, Safety, and Statistics. A Compensation Board functioned under the Commission from April 6 to September 5, 1918. Functions: During the war period the Commission's normal duties of regulating freight rates, passenger fares, and rules and practices of the railroads were partly altered, partly curtailed, and partly expanded. An investigation of the car supply situation, undertaken by it in November 1916, resulted in the enactment of the Esch Car Service Act of May 20, 1917, which added to its powers wide regula- tive authority over the "movement, exchange,- interchange and return of cars used in the transportation of property." After the assump- tion of control over the railroads by the Government on December 26, 1917, and the creation of the Railroad Administration, the Commis- sion cooperated with this agency in various ways. It made numerous special investigations covering such matters as the prospective capital requirements and security issues of the roads, the advisa- bility of Federal control over express companies, the information or sources of information available to the Railroad Administration in the various agencies of the Government, and the intercorporate relations of railroads. It was required under the Federal Control Act of March 21, 1918, to determine and certify to the President the average annual operating incomes of the several carriers for the test period of 3 years ending June 30, 1917, upon which compen- sation for the use of railroad properties was to be based. And it was directed in the act to appoint boards of referees to consider claims for such compensation not adjusted by contractual agreement. It was also authorized to receive and file all rates, fares, charges, classifications, regulations, and practices approved by the Presi- dent and to determine, upon complaint, the reasonableness of those so established. Records: The bulk of the records (which total about 80,000 feet, 18B7-19U2) are in the Interstate Commerce Com- mission. Those in NA (3,261 feet) consist of "formal dockets 1-10,000," "investigation and suspension dockets 1-2,500," and "finance dockets 1-1,000"; certain related maps and exhibits; and certain files of the Safety Bureau. References: Interstate Com- merce Commission, Annual Reports, 191?-2l; I. L. Sharfman, The Interstate Commerce Commission (New York, 1931)J Joshua Bernhardt, The Interstate Commerce Commission, U7-5U (Baltimore, 1923). INVENTIONS BOARD, Council of National Defense.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD, Navy Department. INVENTIONS, RESEARCH, AND TRIALS DIVISION, Ordnance Bureau, Navy De- partment,—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Func- tions: To be responsible for matters pertaining to inventions and suggestions for the improvement of naval ordnance material; for the initiation of research relating to ordnance and gunnery; and for the formulation and execution of plans for experimental and trial works and for the making of official tests and trials. The head of the Division served as President of the Special Board of Naval Ord- nance, which formally considered inventions and proposed improvements, and over which the Division exercised control. Records; In the Navy Department. 292 INVENTIONS SECTION, War Plans Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department,—Formed on April 16, 1918, as a Section under the War Plans Division. It was assisted in its work by an advisory board upon which numerous scientific societies and branches of the Government were represented. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, it became part of the War Plans Branch, War Plans Division, and by General Orders, No. 96, July 30, 1919, it was transferred to the Operations Division of the General Staff, Functions: To inves- tigate inventions, suggestions, and devices submitted to the Depart- ment, and to make recommendations on their disposition. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL SECTION, Supply and Sales Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— Established on June 11, 1919, as the successor to the Property In- ventory and Custody Section of the Shipyard Plants Division, which had been created on August 10, 1918. In the reorganization of the Supply and Sales Department on August 1, 1920, the functions of the Inventory and Appraisal Section were taken over by the Inventory Section of the Warehouse and Sales Department and by the Staff As- sistant in Charge of Appraisals. These services were abolished on April 1, 1921, however, and the Inventory and Appraisal Section was reestablished. Functions; To take inventory of and appraise all property in which the Corporation had ownership or investment inter- est; to determine the appraisal value of surpluses and salvage; and to supervise inventories. Records; 1917-22 (combined with those of the Property Inventory and Custody Section, total 112 feet) in NA. Include inventories of surplus property; lists of buildings, tools, and surplus material; certifications of surplus and salvage material; and correspondence, notes, memoranda, reports, and work sheets relating to the appraisal of materials, mortgages, the prices of materials, the reappraisal of surplus material, claims for surplus and salvage steel disposal, and the administrative work of the Sec- tion. INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE BRANCH, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—On May 13, 1919, the Inventory Branch of the former Domestic Operations Division became the Inventory and Catalogue Branch of the Operations Control Divi- sion. Functioned through five Sections as follows; Receiving and File, Editing, Commodity List, Posting, and Statistical. Upon the abolition of the Division (then known as the Storage Administrative Division) on May 19, 1920, the Branch was transferred to the newly created Administrative Division as its Inventory Branch. Functions; To supervise the taking of an inventory of Array supplies in the United States and its possessions and abroad, and to compile a no- menclature list of material stored, distributed, and issued. Rec- ords; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. INVENTORY BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized about November 7, 1918. Transferred to the Operations Control Division, Storage Service, on May 13, 1919, where it became the Inventory and Catalogue Branch. Functions; To train and send out men to establish a cooperative and standardized system of account- ing for Army supplies; to receive inventory reports and question- naires and consolidate them according to items, zones, and corps; 293 and to compile a nomenclature list of material stored, distributed, and issued. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. INVESTIGATION AND INSPECTION SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Provided for by an act of July 1, 1918, and established shortly thereafter. Investigations of labor and industrial condi- tions and practices were made for other agencies, including the War Industries Board and the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department. Since this work infringed somewhat upon that of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it was agreed that the Service should handle the acute situations. Discontinued on June 30, 1919. Ethelbert Stewart,. Director. Functions: To provide a field force of inspectors, ex- aminers, and investigators for units of the Department and other Government agencies requesting such services. Records: It has been reported that those of the Service were transferred to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but their present whereabouts is unknown. INVESTIGATION BUREAU, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.— Created on July 10, 1918, to perform functions pertaining to the coal industry that were transferred from the Federal Trade Commission to the Fuel Administration by Executive order on July 3> 1918. The Bureau contained the following Sections: Report, Field, Research, File, and Examiners, Discontinued in May 1919* Functions: Re- ceived and analyzed monthly reports from coal and coke jobbers and from anthracite operators as a check on their observance of the or- ders of the Administration. Prosecuted violations of laws and regu- lations relating to fuel. Worked in close cooperation with the Legal Department. Records: 1918-19 (71 feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports concerning the investigation of violation cases. INVESTIGATION BUREAU, Alien Property Custodian.—Created shortly after the appointment of the first Custodian. Abolished in 1921. Func- tions; To investigate all reports of alien property and determine whether a report disclosed the proper subject matter of a trust, and to conduct various general investigations. Records: 1917-21 (100 feet) in NA. Include reports of investigations and case files. INVESTIGATION BUREAU, Housing Section, Passenger Transportation and Housing Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Established in March 1918 and abolished about the end of December. Functions: To investigate housing con- ditions in communities in which shipyards were located, and to determine the necessity of building houses in communities for which houses had been requested. Records: 1917-19 (8 feet) in NA. In- clude reports and correspondence. INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— Established bn January 13, 1920, as the successor to the Plant Pro- tection Section, the functions of which it took over. Terminated about October 1926. Functions; To perform secret service work for the Corporation. Records; (367 feet) in NA. Include re- ports, correspondence, notes, and memoranda relating to investiga- tions and correspondence relating to the issuance of shipyard passes. INVESTIGATION DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Created on January 3, 1918, by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor, and abolished by a second memorandum, effective March 1, 1918. It is doubtful whether the Division had anything but a paper existence. Functions; No information available. Records: Whereabouts unknown. 29h INVESTIGATION DIVISION, Examination Department, National War Labor Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Probably or- ganized in 1918 and terminated with the Board in 1919. Functions: To handle matters dealing with the conduct o-f examiners1 hearings and to serve complaints, summon witnesses, and conduct investiga- tions ordered by the Board or its secretary. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. INVESTIGATION DIVISION, Justice Department.—In existence before the war. On March 16, 1909, it was designated the Investigation Bureau, but later became a Division. Since 1935 it has been known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Functions: By 1917 the Division's principal work had to do with matters related to the war. These in- cluded alleged violations of the neutrality laws, enemy activities, disloyalty cases, the naturalization of alien enemies, the enforce- ment of the conscription, espionage, and sedition acts, frauds in war contracts, war-risk insurance, and, in the immediate post-war period, the high cost of living and alleged radicals and their or- ganizations. Records; In the Federal Bureau of Investigation. INVESTIGATION DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Depart- ment.—Authorized by the "Organization Chart and Organization Memo- randa" of August 20, 1918, to be under the Division of Military and Naval Insurance in the charge of a Deputy Commissioner responsible to the Commissioner of Military and Naval Insurance. Probably ter- minated in 1919. Functions: To make "all the investigations which are required to see that the money being disbursed by the United States Treasury is properly receivable by the recipients." Records; Probably for the most part in the case files of the veterans con- cerned in the Veterans' Administration. References; Treasury De- partment, Annual Report, 1918, p. 8U. INVESTIGATION DIVISION, RESEARCH AND, War Trade Intelligence Bureau, War Trade Board.—See RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION DIVISION. INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS DUE TO EXPLOSIVES SECTION, Mining Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See MINING DIVISION. INVESTIGATION OF THE EDUCATION OF IMMIGRANTS DIVISION, Education Bu- reau, Interior Department.—See IMMIGRANT EDUCATION DIVISION. IRON AND STEEL SCRAP SECTION, Steel Division, War Industries Board.— Formed in October 1918 to cooperate with the Scrap Iron and Steel Subcommittee of the American Iron and Steel Institute, which had been carrying on this work for more than a year. Discontinued on December 21, 1918. Functions: To allocate iron and steel scrap and to prevent price violations by both buyers and sellers. With the aid of the Navy Department and other agencies, it imported scrap from Panama, Mexico, and Central America. At the time the armistice was signed, it was putting into operation a comprehensive plan to reclaim scrap throughout the country. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. IRON SUBCOMMITTEE, SCRAP, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Commit- tee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commis- sion, Council of National Defense.—See SCRAP IRON SUBCOMMITTEE. 295 J JAMS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, SYRUP, AND MOLASSES BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Offi'ce, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON GUN FORGING SPECIFICATIONS.—Existed prior to the war. Composed of four members each from the War and Navy Departments. According to a memorandum from the Secretary of War to the Secretary of the Navy on April 15, 1920, this Board, as well as a Joint Army and Navy Board on .Smokeless Powder (estab- lished in 1906), was "allowed to lapse during the period of the war." The views of the Navy Department "in regard to the reestab- lishment of these Boards" were requested in this memorandum. On April 22, 1920, the Secretary of the Navy nominated two members to each of these Boards for the approval of the Secretary of War. Functions: To prepare specifications covering the manufacture of gun forgings and similar parts. Records: Whereabouts unknown. JOINT ARMY AND NAVY BOARD.—See JOINT BOARD. JOINT ARMY AND NAVY BOARD OF SURVEY OF MERCHANT VESSELS.—See JOINT MERCHANT VESSEL BOARD. JOINT ARMY AND NAVY TECHNICAL AIRCRAFT BOARD.—Members appointed on April 27 and May 5* 1917, by the Secretaries of the Navy and of War. Functions: To act in an advisory capacity to the War and Navy Departments. No aircraft or any accessory in connection therewith that had not first been approved as to type by this Board was to be supplied to either service for use in the war. Records; 1917- 19 (2 inches) in NA, Other records are in the Air Corps Chief's Office and in The Adjutant General's Office, War Department, JOINT BOARD.—Established by a Joint order of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy on July 17, 1903, and reorganized by a Joint order of the Secretaries on July 2U, 1919 • Its members have been high ranking officers of the Army and Navy, Also known as the Joint Army and Navy Board. Functions: To consider poli- cies, projects, and plans that involved joint action by the Array and the Navy, a function that it performed during the war. Rec- ords; The secretaryship of the Joint Board and with it the cus- todianship of the records alternate between the War and Navy De- partments. The general correspondence files of the Secretary's Office, Navy Department, in NA contain some material relating to the Board. JOINT BOARD OF CONCILIATION, Shipping Board.—Tentatively authorized on January lU, 1919, by the Shipping Board and the International Seamen's Union, and organized in March 1919 with six members, repre- senting the San Francisco office of the Shipping Board and marine workers' unions and principal ship operators of the Pacific Coast, Functions; To decide, by majority vote, controversies between Shipping Board agents, managers, or operators on the Pacific Coast 296 and the members of the various seamen's unions in their employ. Records: Whereabouts unknown. A few papers pertaining to its or- ganization are in NA in the files of the Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division, Shipping Board. JOINT BOARD OF REVIEW.——Created in June 1919 at a conference of repre- sentatives of the War Department, the Navy Department, and the Ship- ping Board. Consisted of representatives of these agencies, with the War Department member as Chairman. The Navy member of the Board was also Senior Member of the Demobilization Board of the Naval Overseas Transportation Service. The offices of the Board were in New York City. Dissolved on May 2£, 1920. Also referred to as the Joint Board of Review for the Disposal of Troop Transports. Functions: To manage the redelivery to the Shipping Board or to the owners of all ships allocated to the War Department. Supervised the Joint Boards of Survey operating at different ports and reviewed and took necessary action in regard to the reports and recommendations sub- mitted by these Boards. Records; 1919-20 (1 inch) in NA. Corre- spondence. JOINT COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS, Planning and Statistics Divi- sion, War Industries Board.—See INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS JOINT BOARD, JOINT COMMITTEE ON WEST INDIES TRANSPORTATION.—Appointed by the Ship- ping Board and the Food Administration late in 1917. Described as being "in practical dissolution" by October 2£, 1918. Functions: To take general charge of the movement of West Indian raw sugars, determine official shipping rates, and obtain the necessary trans- portation with a minimum number of ships. Records: 1917-19 (2 inches) in NA. Correspondence. JOINT FUEL ZONE COMMITTEE, Railroad Administration.—Appears on Rail- road Administration organization charts, but no other information about its activities or organization has been found. Probably worked in cooperation with the Distribution Division of the Fuel Administration and its Coal Zone Permit Bureau. JOINT GOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE ON EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT COURSE, War In- dustries Board.—See EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT COURSE SECTION. JOINT INFORMATION BOARD ON MINERALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES.—See MINER- ALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES JOINT INFORMATION BOARD. JOINT MERCHANT VESSEL BOARD.—Originated as a result of a report of the Joint Army and Navy Board recommending the joint inspection of merchant vessels, which was approved by the President on May 1, 1916, The first meeting of the Joint Army and Navy Board of Survey of Merchant Vessels, as it was then known, took place on October 9, 1916, On May 9, 1917, the name was changed to the Joint Merchant Vessel Board, It cooperated closely with the Board of Inspection and Survey (or Inspection Division) of the Naval Operations Office, and after the war it continued as a part of the Inspection Division. Functions; To direct the inspection of merchant vessels by district sections of the Board in the naval districts; to determine the suita- bility of these vessels for use in war; and to make recommendations as to the allocations of vessels for naval or military use. Records: General files, 1916-19 (2 feet) are in NA, and inspection reports are in the Navy Department. Copies of these reports and survey reports made by the Board are in the files of the Naval Districts Division in NA. 297 JOINT OFFICE ON CHEMICAL STATISTICS, Chemicals Division, War Indus- tries Board.—Organized in January 1918 as an outgrowth of the Divi- sion of Statistics of the Council of National Defense, with repre- sentatives of the War Department, Navy Department, and War Indus- tries Board. Discontinued on January 31, 1919. Functions: To com- pute and compile statistics in regard to the production of chemicals and explosives and the amount of raw materials consumed. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. Included are reports on explosives and propellants, reports on the production and shipment of ammo- niacal liquors and ammonium sulphate, lists of manufacturers, and the like (6 feet). JOINT OFFICE ON LEATHER STATISTICS, War Industries Board.—Originated on March 9, 1918, as the Leather Statistics Section of the War Indus- tries Board. On September 9 a War Department representative was attached to this unit, and it became the Joint Office on Leather Statistics. Its administrative relationship to either the War De- partment or the War Industries Board, however, is difficult to de- termine. Discontinued about December 1, 1918. Functions: To pre- pare monthly reports on and answer questions about the leather situ- ation. Recordst Among those of the Board in NA. JOINT SHIPPING INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE, Shipping Board.—Called by the Shipping Board in accordance with resolutions of May 20, 1919, and made up of representatives of ship owners and operators, stevedores, seamen, longshoremen, and interested Government agencies. Met in Washington on June U and 5, 1919, and resolved itself into marine, harbor, and longshore sections. Functions: To discuss matters per- taining to the adjustment of labor issues and the promotion of effi- ciency in the operation and loading and unloading of ships and to establish suitable agencies to accomplish these ends. Only the longshore section succeeded in the latter purpose, by reconstitut- ing the National Adjustment Commission in September 1919. Records: May-Aug. 1919 (1 foot, with the files of the Marine and Dock Indus- trial Relations Division) in NA. Include demands and proposals sub- mitted by unions and operators, transcripts of meetings, copies of resolutions adopted or proposed, and reports and correspondence per- taining to the Conference and to the agreements that followed it. References: National Adjustment Commission, Report of the Executive Secretary . ♦ . January 1, 1919 to June 30, 1920, 6-23 ([1920]. Processed). JOINT WEEKLY CONFERENCE.—At the meeting of the Council of National Defense on November 27, 1917, it was voted that the members of the Council should meet weekly with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Chairman of the Shipping Board, the Food Administrator, the Fuel Administrator, and the Chairman of the War Industries Board. The Director of the Council was also to be present. The first Joint Weekly Conference was held on December 3, 1917, and presumably the last on April 15, 1918. These Conferences were superseded in a measure by the President's "War Cabinet," which also met weekly. Functions: To coordinate the war activities of the Government. Records; December 1917-April 1918 (U inches) in NA. Include min- utes of the meetings. JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S OFFICE, Navy Department.—Created by an act of June 8, 1880. Functions; To handle matters connected with courts martial, courts of inquiry, boards of investigation, and boards for the examination of officers for retirement and promotion; to examine and report upon questions relating to rank, precedence, 298 promotions, and retirements; to handle various other matters con- nected with the military personnel of the Navy, including legisla- tive matters and court proceedings; to exercise supervision and control over naval prisons and prisoners, including prisoners of war; and to report upon questions of international law. Records: 1861-191*1 (1,U00 feet) in NA, Include records of proceedings of courts and boards; fitness reports of regular officers and Naval Reserve officers; bonds; real estate records; deck court records; records of German war prisoners; and leases. The correspondence of the Office is filed with that of the Secretary's Office. Refer- ences: Judge Advocate General's Office (Navy), Annual Reports^ 1917-21; Henry P. Beers, "Historical Sketch of the Office of the Judge Advocate General, Navy Department," in Naval Institute, Pro- ceedings, 67: 670-67U (May 19l*l). JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S OFFICE, War Department.—In continuous ex- istence since 1814-9. Known between 1861* and I88I4 as the Bureau of Military Justice. During the war, in addition to a General Adminis- trative Division, which wrote opinions on questions not falling with in the scope of the work of other divisions, and a Special Clemency- Board, the Office functioned through the following Divisions: Ac- counts, Claims, and Fiscal Affairs; Admiralty and Maritime; Bond; Civil Administration; Constitutional and International Law; Mili- tary Justice; Reservation and Titles; Statutory Construction and Legislative Draft; and War Laws and Library. Functions: To act as the official legal adviser of the Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff, the various bureaus of the War Department, and the entire Military Establishment; to advise concerning the legal correctness of military administration, disciplinary action, and matters affect- ing the rights and mutual relationships of the personnel of the Army; and to advise the Secretary of War and the Coramander-in-Chief upon legal questions arising in the course of military administra- tion and as to whether military trials and other proceedings were lawfully conducted. Records; 1812-1937 (7,11*6 feet) in NA. In- clude proceedings of courts martial and military commissions, 1812- 1917j various records relating to patents, 1918-21; applications for commissions in the Judge Advocate General's Department and the Army Service Corps, 1917-20; and a general personnel file, 1917-19. References: Judge Advocate General's Office (Army), Reports, 1917- 21. JUNIOR DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Created as the Junior Section of the Field Organization Division on December 9, 1918. Later incorporated into the Junior Division, which succeeded the Boys* Working Reserve. Apparently ceased to exist in 1930. Anna Y. Reed, Director to June 1921. Functions; To supervise the vocational guidance of boys and girls under 21 years of age. Rec- ords: Whereabouts unknown. JUST COMPENSATION ADVISORY BOARD, Shipping Board.—See OCEAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON JUST COMPENSATION. JUSTICE DEPARTMENT.—An executive department headed by the Attorney General of the United States. Most of its war-related work was cen- tered in a War Emergency Division, which was directed by John Lord O'Brian from October 1, 1917, to May l£, 1919. Other such work was handled by the regular units of the Department, including the Divi- sion for the Defense of Suits (Claims Division since 1931*)> the Criminal Division, the Bureau of Investigation, and the Pardon At- torney's Office. In the immediate post-war period war-related work 299 was performed by the High Cost of Living Division and its Division of Women's Activities. Thomas Watt Gregory was Attorney General during the war. Functions: To give advice and opinions on ques- tions of law to the President and heads of departments; to represent the United States in legal matters generally, including the conduct or supervision of suits to which the United States is a party and the investigation and prosecution of offenses against Federal crimi- nal statutes; and to advise the President on requests for pardons. During the war the Department prepared and enforced laws and regu- lations on neutrality, treason, the registration, interment, and naturalization of alien enemies, the protection of factories and communication facilities, conscription, espionage, sabotage, sedi- tion, passports, trading with the enemy, the confiscation and con- demnation of property, claims, frauds in war contracts, the high cost of living, and radicalism. Records: 191U-25 (1,500 feet) in NA. These include most of the records of the Department for the war period, other than those of the Division of Investigation, which are in the Justice Department. The records of most of the subdivisions of the Department are included in the central files, but the Divi- sion for the Defense of Suits and the Pardon Attorney's Office main- tained separate files. The records consist of general correspondence, subject and case files, memoranda, opinions, briefs, pleadings, tran- scripts of records, legal monographs, pardon case files, regulations, instructions, reports, forms, war literature, and the like. Refer- ences: Justice Department, Annual Reports, 1915-20; Homer S. Cum- mings and Carl McFarland, Federal Justice, U13-U31 (New York, 1937); John Lord O'Brian, Civil Liberty in War Time (65 Cong., 3 sess., S. Doc. 1*3U, serial 7 Washington, 1919). JUSTICE DIVISION, MILITARY, Judge Advocate General's Office, War De- partment.—See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION. JUTE DIVISION, CHEMICALS, SISAL, AND, Food Administration.—See COL- LATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. JUTE, HEMP, AND CORDAGE SECTION, War Industries Board.—Created on May 16 and discontinued on December 19, 1913. Functions: To con- duct surveys of conditions in the jute, hemp, and cordage indus- tries; to compile statistics regarding raw materials; and to advise the industries as necessary. The Section handled matters pertaining to both raw materials and finished products. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. 300 K KEENAN BOARD.--See ARMS, MUNITIONS, AND EQUIPMENT BOARD. KITCHEN AND CAMP EQUIPMENT BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Pur- chase Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and. Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment. —Organized on July 17, 1918, as a branch of the Hardware and Metals Division of the Quartermaster General's Office; transferred to the General Supplies Division of the Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office on October 19, 1918. Functioned through the following Sections: Stoves; Containers; Camp Equipment; Rolling Kitchens; Kitchen Utensils and House Furnishings; Mess Equipment; and Records In the reorganisation of December 1918 the work of this Branch was taken over by a Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch. Func- tions : To have charge of the procurement of kitchen and camp equipment for the Army. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. KITCHEN AND CAMP EQUIPMENT SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Quarter- master Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Direc- tor’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. KITCHEN UTENSILS SECTION, Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MESS, GAMP, AND PERSONAL EQUIP- MENT BRANCH. KNIT GOODS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral’s Office, War Department.—Organized in January 1918 to take over work formerly performed by the Knit Goods Cooperative Commit- tee of the Council of National Defense. On October 28, 1918, when the Division was transferred to the Office of the Director of Pur- chase and Storage, this Branch was joined with the Woolens Branch to form the Woolen and Knit Goods Branch, Functions: To supervise the procurement of knit goods. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. KNIT GOODS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Advisory Com- mission, Council of National Defense.—Created on May 1 and dis- solved on December 1, 1917, when three members were transferred to the Committee on Supplies and most of its work was assumed by the Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, Also known as the Knit Goods Section. Functions: To assist the War and Navy Depart- ments in purchasing knit goods. Records; In NA. Some are among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board; others are probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office. KNIT GOODS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—Organized on June 10 and discontinued on December 16, 1918, Functions: To allocate Government purchases in order to prevent 301 undue competitionj to advise industry on the obtaining of clear- ances: and to survey the knitted underwear and hosiery industries. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. Included are card lists of manufacturers. 302 L LABOR ADJUSTMENT AGENCIES, CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL*—See CON- FERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL LABOR ADJUSTMENT AGENCIES. LABOR ADJUSTMENT BOARD, SHIPBUILDING,—See SHIPBUILDING LABOR ADJUST- MENT BOARD. LABOR ADJUSTMENT BRANCH, Industrial Relations Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Estab- lished on October 25, 1918, to take over the adjustment activities of the former Labor Section, Terminated on March 4, 1919, Func- tions? To adjust labor disputes within the jurisdiction of the ' Division, especially to settle controversies in plants producing shipbuilding materials over which the jurisdiction of the Ship- building Labor Adjustment Board did not extend,, Records: 1918-19 (1 foot) in NA, Include a reading filej various informational rec- ords, including those of the action taken on labor controversies; and reports from manufacturers on types of work and wages paid. LABOR ADJUSTMENT SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Department, —Recommended to the Secretary of Labor by the Advisory Council of the Department, and created in July 1918 with H, L, Kerwin as Di- rector, Kerwin was also Director of the Division of Conciliation, which the Service apparently absorbed until after the war, when the title of Division of Conciliation was restored. Requests for inter- vention in labor disputes increased greatly during the war, and the Service was generally successful in bringing about adjustments. Functions: To conciliate and mediate in labor disputes, in a "dip- lomatic11 rather than a "judicial" fashion, and to find some mutually acceptable basis of agreement. Records: In the Labor Department among the files of the present Conciliation Service (about 100 feet). LABOR ADMINISTRATION, WAR, Labor Department.—See WAR LABOR ADMINIS- TRATION. LABOR ADMINISTRATION DIVISION, Working Conditions Service, Labor Department.—Apparently organized in August 1918 and terminated in June 1919 with the superior agency. Functions: To maintain war production by reducing labor turnover in war industries resulting from faulty labor administration and personnel policies; to collect information, standardize methods, and offer consultation on methods of administering labor forces; and to prevent regimentation and develop individual initiative. Records: Whereabouts unknown. LABOR AND CONSUMERS1 INTERESTS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Or- ganized in August 1917. Its head represented the Food Administra- tion on the War Labor Policies Board. Abolished on December 31, 1918. James W, Sullivan and Matthew B. Hammond, Chiefs successively. Functions: To study the production and distribution of food products in order to acquaint the consumer with reasonable prices for such products; and to consider questions pertaining to labor supply and labor problems, such as the exemption of farmers from military ser- vice, Records: 1917-18 (4 feet) in NA, Correspondence, inter- office memoranda, and related papers. 303 LABOR AND SABOTAGE SUBSECTION, Foreign Influence, Enemy Propaganda Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department,—See FOREIGN INFLUENCE, ENEMY PROPAGANDA SECTION, LABOR BATTALION PERSONNEL BRANCH, Personnel Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See PERSONNEL DIVISION. LABOR BOARD, NATIONAL WAR, War Labor Administration, Labor Department, —See NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD. LABOR BRANCH, PROCUREMENT OF, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See PROCURE- MENT OF LABOR BRANCH. LABOR BUREAU, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.—Estab- lished on July 23, 1918, to cany on functions performed since the previous September by the Labor Adviser to the Fuel Administrator, Terminated on July 1, 1919, Functionst To consider matters re- lated to labor in coal mines and to settle labor disputes. Records: 1918-19 (5 feet) in NA. General correspondence, labor agreements, and related papers. LABOR CLAIMS UNIT, Claims Department, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See WAGE REIMBURSEMENT COMMITTEE. LABOR COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION ON, Peace Conference.— See INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION ON LABOR COMMISSION. LABOR COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,— Organized on April 2, 1917, at a meeting of representatives of labor, employers, the general public, and welfare experts. The meeting was called by Samuel Gompers, president of the American Fed- eration of Labor, who had been appointed by the President of the United States on October 11, 1916, as the member of the Advisory Commission in charge of labor matters. Carried on its activities through the following Subcommittees: Cost of Living and Domestic Economy, Information and Statistics, Mediation and Conciliation, Press, Publicity, Wages and Hours, Welfare Work, and Women in Indus- try, By the summer of 1918 many of its activities had been taken over by the War Labor Administration of the Labor Department, and after the signing of the armistice most of its work ceased, although the organization was not dissolved until after June 30, 1919, Functions: To advise in regard to the welfare of workers in the Nation's industries and in regard to the means of adjustment of em- ployment problems without interruption of industry. Records: 1917- 19 (35 feet) in NA, Include correspondence and other papers of the Chairman and his assistants, James W. Sullivan and Matthew Woll; minutes of meetings; reports of subcommittees; and files relating to welfare work, industrial training for the war emergency, and women in industry. LABOR CONFERENCE BOARD, WAR, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment,—See WAR LABOR CONFERENCE BOARD, LABOR COORDINATION SECTION, Building Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION, Administrative Branch, Construction Division, War Department, 30U LABOR DEPARTMENT.—Created as a separate executive department by an act of March 4, 1913» which transferred to it four bureaus from the former Department of Commerce and Labor, At the outbreak of the war, it was composed of the Division of Conciliation, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Children’s Bureau, the Bureau of Immigration, and the Bureau of Naturalization, In January 1918 the Employment Service, formerly a part of the Bureau of Immigration, was made a separate unit of the Department, In the following month there was organized the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau (most of the work of which was taken over by the Housing Corporation in July). On January 4, 1918, the President appointed the Secretary of Labor as War Labor Administrator, and a number of special boards and services were set up under the Department to perform functions pertaining to war labor (see WAR LABOR ADMINISTRATION), The Secre- tary of Labor during the war was William B. Wilson. Functions! To foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States; to improve their working conditions; to advance their opportunities for profitable employment; and to mediate and concil- iate in cases of labor disputes through the Secretary of Labor or commissioners appointed by him. Records; Those in NA for the period of the war consist chiefly of records of the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau (combined with those of the Hous- ing Corporation, total 2,4.63 feet), the Immigration Bureau (500 feet), the National War Labor Board (219 feet), the Children's Bureau (84 feet), the Naturalization Bureau (54 feet), the Woman in Industry Service (32 feet), and the War Labor Policies Board (13 feet). Records of the Conciliation Division and of the Labor Statistics Bureau are in the Labor Department, and some war-related records of the Bureaus of Immigration and Naturalization are in the Justice Department. Many records relating to war labor adminis- tration have been disposed of as useless papers, and still others are reported to be in private hands, among them papers of the Secre- tary, References; Labor Department, Reports, 1918-20; Gordon S, Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War, ch. 6 (fUrbana, 1920]). LABOR DEPARTMENT REORGANIZATION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—A unit which held its first and probably only meeting on November 12, 1918, Functions; To examine the work of the various War Labor Administration agen- cies for the purpose of determining their usefulness as reconstruc- tion bodies and as possible permanent parts of the Department of Labor, Records; Interfiled with those of the Board in NA. In- clude papers and minutes of the meeting of the Committee, LABOR DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See LABOR SECTION, Industrial Relations Divi- sion, LABOR DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created on February 9, 1918. On February 21, 1920, the Director General issued a circu- lar abolishing the Division, to take effect on March 1, Functions; "To promote better feeling and adjust controversies between rail- road officials and employees.” Records: 1918-20 (163 feet) in NA. Include case records, decisions, correspondence, transcripts, exhibits relating to rates of pay and back pay complaints, and other labor relations material. 305 LABOR DIVISION, War Industries Board,—Created in July 1917, Under authorization of December 12, 1917, a War Prison Labor Conmittee, later known as the War Prison Labor and National Waste-Reclamation Section, was established in the Division, Discontinued about January 1, 1919. Hugh L, Frayne, Chairman. Functions: To consider matters affecting labor coming before the War Industries Board; to call conferences for the prevention or adjustment of strikes; to obtain skilled labor for war industries; and to cooperate with other Government agencies dealing with labor, including the Con- ciliation Division, the Employment Service, and the War Labor Poli- cies Board, Recordst 1917-19 in NA, These include general corre- spondence of the Chairman (6 feet) and records of the War Prison Labor and National Waste-Reclamation Section (with records of the Waste Reclamation Service, Commerce Department, total 7 feet). LABOR LAWS COMMITTEE, ENFORCEMENT OF STATE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—See ENFORCEMENT OF STATE LABOR LAWS COMMITTEE, LABOR POLICIES BOARD, WAR, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment. —See WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD. LABOR PRIORITIES SECTION, Priorities Division, War Industries Board, •—Formed in June 1918; discontinued about December 31, 1918, Functions: To determine priorities in labor, as a corollary to the priorities of production and delivery already in effect. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, LABOR PROCUREMENT SECTION, Administrative Branch, Construction Divi- sion, War Department,—Established on August 19, 1918, Cooperated with the Employment Service, in conjunction with which it was in- strumental in bringing to this country "nearly 13,000 Porto Rican and 2,600 Bahaman laborers," Functions: To procure labor for the construction projects of the Department; and to arouse public senti- ment in regions suffering from labor shortage to bring about the employment of so-called "slackers." Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department, LABOR PRODUCTION BRANCH, EMERGENCY, Industrial Service Section, Pro- duction Division, Ordnance Chief s Office, War Department,—See EMERGENCY LABOR PRODUCTION BRANCH. LABOR PUBLICATIONS DIVISION, Conmittee on Public Information,—Or- ganized in August 1917, Operated in cooperation with the Alliance for Labor and Democracy, with which it had joint offices in New York City, Discontinued on December 31, 1918, Robert Maisel, Director, Functions: To issue literature appealing to the patri- otism of labor in support of the war effort. Records: July- November 1918 (2 inches) in NA, Press releases. In 1920 the Coun- cil of National Defense reported that "no files and records of this division have thus far been located," LABOR REQUIREMENTS SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,— See LABOR SUPPLY SECTION. LABOR SECTION, Industrial Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment,—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions: To have charge of matters relating to the application and operation of policies, rulings, and decisions of the Department in questions 306 directly pertaining to compensation and conditions of industrial employment. Records: In the Navy Department, LABOR SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construction Organi- zation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on December 17, 1917, as the Labor Division, which on May 17, 1918, became the Labor Section in the Industrial Relations Division. Abolished on October 25, 1918, when its functions were turned over to the Labor Supply and Labor Adjustment Sections, Functions! To have charge of the supply and distribution of labor} to investigate working conditions in shipyards; and to investigate and adjust labor disputes that did not come within the jurisdiction of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, principally in plants manu- facturing shipbuilding materials. Records: 1917-18 (4 feet) in NA, Include correspondence and memoranda. LABOR SECTION, SKILLED, Clearance Division, Employment Service, Labor Department.—See SKILLED LABOR SECTION. LABOR SECTION, UNSKILLED, Employment Service, Labor Department,—See UNSKILLED LABOR SECTION. LABOR SITUATION SUBCOMMITTEE, Agriculture Department.—See FOOD PRO- DUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE. LABOR STANDARDS FOR ARMY CLOTHING CONTROL BOARD, War Department.— The Board of Control of Labor Standards for Army Clothing was created on August 24, 1917, by an order of the Secretary of War, following the recommendations of a committee of investigation appointed by the Secretary about August 1 to report on conditions in the garment industry affecting the making of uniforms. It was dissolved on January 23, 1918, by order of the Secretary, and its work was continued by the Administration of Labor Standards for Amy Clothing Department, Industrial Relations Branch, Purchase and Storage Director's Office. Functions: To set up standards with regard to wages, hours, fire hazards, and sanitary and other conditions in establishments producing clothing for the Army, Records: In the War Department, LABOR STANDARDS FOR ARMY CLOTHING DEPARTMENT, ADMINISTRATION OF, In- dustrial Relations Branch, General Administrative Division, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on January 23, 1918, to continue the work fr-rmerly performed by the Board of Control of Labor Standards for Amy Clothing. Discontinued on January 15, 1919. Functions: To set up standards with regard to wages and hours in establishments producing clothing for the Amy, Records; In the War Department. LABOR STANDARDS SUBSECTION, Contract Section, Administrative Branch, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See CONTRACT SECTION, LABOR STATISTICS BUREAU, Labor Department.—Originally created as the Bureau of Labor in the Interior Department in 1884; under the title of Bureau of Labor Statistics, it became in 1913 a part of the Labor Department, Functions: During the war, to gather statistical data relating to such war-labor problems as prices, wages, cost of living, women in industry, types of collective bargaining, and 307 industrial hazards; to supply other Government agencies with statis- tical information and to undertake special studies at their request, particularly for the War Labor Policies Board; and to publish the Monthly Review (after July 1918 called the Monthly Labor Review). Records! In the Bureau of Labor Statistics (1917-20, 25 feet). References: Gustavus A, Weber, The Bureau of Labor Statistics (Labor Statistics Bureau, Bulletin 319» Washington, 1922), LABOR SUBCOMMITTEE, Agricultural Advisory Committee.—See AGRICUL- TURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE. LABOR SUPPLY SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Estab- lished on October 25, 1918, taking over sane of the functions of the former Labor and Industrial Service Sections, Terminated in February 1919. Also known as the Labor Requirements Section, Functions! To handle all matters of labor supply; to meet labor shortages in shipyards; to arrange draft deferments and furloughs for shipyard workers; and to handle matters relating to shipyard volunteers. The Section used the machinery of the United States Employment Service for the recruiting of labor. Records: With those of the Industrial Service Section of the Division, LABORATORY SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.—Originated in the Labo- ratories and Infectious Diseases Section, which was established when the Division was created in June 1917. This Section was lat-r divided into the Laboratory and the Infectious Diseases Sections, Functions: To furnish trained laboratory personnel, to supervise and direct the laboratory service of the Medical Department, and to institute measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.' Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, LAKE AND CANADIAN SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distri- bution Division, Fuel Administration,—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU, LAKE SHIPS VALUATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—See VALU- ATION OF LAKE SHIPS ADVISORY COMMITTEE. LAKE TRANSPORTATION SUBCOMMITTEE, PIG IRON, IRON ORE, AND, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense, —See PIG IRON, IRON ORE, AND LAKE TRANSPORTATION SUBCOMMITTEE. LAND AND LEASE SECTION, Maintenance and Repair Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Probably created before the war as a section of the Construction and Repair Division, Quartermaster General’s Office, Transferred to the Maintenance and Repair Branch Cantonment Division, on October 10, 1917. Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division probably upon its formation on March 13, 1918, Functions; To handle questions of land and leases in connection with maintenance and repair work of the Division, Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department, LAND ARMY DIVISION, WOMEN'S, Employment Service, Labor Department,— See WOMEN'S LAND ARMY DIVISION. 308 LAND CLASSIFICATION BRANCH, Geological Survey, Interior Department,— Established in 1912. Functioned through two Divisions: Mineral and hydrographic. By Survey Order 115 of July 1, 1925, consolidated with the Oil Leasing Organization and Mineral Leasing Division of the Bureau of Mines to form the Conservation Branch. Functions: To classify and report on mineral deposits and agricultural lands still remaining in public ownership, thus assisting in making the lands available for entry under the appropriate laws. During the war it classified lands as naval petroleum reserves and as naval oil-shale reserves. Records: In the Geological Survey. LAND DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—Creat- ed with the reorganization of the Office on October 1, 1917, An Electrical Engineering Section was established in this Division in February 1913 and was transferred to the Engineering and Research Division on July 17. Abolished with the reorganization of Septem- ber 7, 1918, Functions: To supervise matters pertaining to com- missioned and enlisted personnel of the Signal Corps, exclusive of the Aviation Section, including procurement, assignment, organi- zation, smd training matters; the training of radio personnel of the Signal Corps and the maintenance of radio stations; and Signal Corps telegraph and telephone service, Amy commercial telephone service, and Coast Artillery fire control. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, IAND OFFICE, GENERAL, Interior Department,—See GENERAL LAND OFFICE. LAND TRANSPORT BRANCH, Transportation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Established prior to the outbreak of the war as the Land Transportation Branch. On April 16, 1918, renamed the Land Transport Branch, On June 8, by order of The Adjutant General, its functions were transferred to the Inland Traffic Ser- vice, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Functions: To supervise land movements of troops and quartermaster supplies. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department, LARYNGOLOGY AND RHINOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sani- tation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense. —See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIP- MENT COMMITTEE, LATIN AMERICAN AFFAIRS DIVISION, State Department,—-Established in 1909. Functions; Special duties connected with the war were assigned to Julius G. Lay, a member of the Division, by Depart- mental Order No, 92 of December 26, 1917, Lay was designated Acting Foreign Trade Adviser on February 18, 1918, His duties were to handle correspondence dealing with questions concerning the War Trade Board, the Fuel Administration, the Food Adminis- tration, and the Shipping Board and to discuss with representatives of the American republics such matters as they might wish to pre- sent for the consideration of these agencies. Records: In the Communications and Records Division, State Department, LATIN AMERICAN DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Com- merce Department,—Established in 1915 as the Latin American Sec- tion, and organized as a Divisi.on in 1917. Succeeded by the Re- gional Information Division in 1926. Functions; To encourage 309 and develop trade between the United States and Latin America and to collect and distribute trade information about Latin America, During the war it prepared economic data for war uses and assisted investigators from other Government agencies, cooperating especially with the Shipping Board and the War Trade Board, Recorder In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, LAUNDRIES BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Established on April 16, 1918, in the Reclamation Division. Later, on April 22, it became a part of the Conservation and Reclamation Division. On October 28, 1918, its functions were taken over by the Laundries Branch, Salvage Di- vision, Storage Director's Office. Functions: To supervise Govem- ment-owned laundry plants at camps, posts, depots, and cantonments. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, LAUNDRIES BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on October 28, 1918, as a continuation of a similar unit in the Quartermaster General's Office, In May 1919 it was operating through three Sec- tions, as follows: Administrative, Operation Standardization, and Equipment Mechanical Engineering. Still in existence on June 30, 1920, Functions: To direct the establishment, maintenance, and operation of Government-owned laundries at camps, cantonments, posts, and depots; to have charge of the development and purchase of machinery and equipment for mobile laundries for overseas ser- vice; to prepare proposals and contract forms and to contract for general and reclamation laundry service at military stations where no Government-owned laundry existed; and to standardize laundry methods and formulas for the automatic sterilization and delousing of clothing sent to Government laundries. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, LAW BUREAU, Alien Property Custodian.—Created shortly after the ap- pointment of the first Custodian in 1917 and continued to function until 1926 or later. Functions: To act as legal adviser to the Custodian and to conduct litigation. Records: 1917-26 (45 feet, including related records of later date) in NA, Correspondence, litigation files, law notes, and memoranda. LAW BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See COUNSEL'S OFFICE, LAW DEPARTMENT, Shipping Board,—Organized in June 1917 as a part of the Shipping Board, and given authority in November 1917 to furnish legal advice to the Operations Division of the Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation, In June 1919 the legal functions of the Shipping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corporation were unified under a single General Counsel who reported directly to the Shipping Board, but in February 1920 the Board of Trustees of the Emergency Fleet Corporation created a separate Legal Department to handle the legal work of their organization. In August 1920 the Law Depart- ment of the Shipping Board and the Legal Department of the Etoer- gency Fleet Corporation were consolidated into a Law Division re- sponsible both to the Shipping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corpo- ration. Functions; To carry on the legal work of the Shipping Board and of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, particularly in con- nection with the settlement of contract, suspension, and cancel- ation claims. In August 1921 the Claims Section of the Law Division 310 took over part of the functions of the former Construction Claims Board of the Emergency Fleet Corporation. Records: In the Mari- time Commission. LAW DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Department,— Organized late in 1918, Discontinued by July 15, 1919. Functions: To handle general questions of law arising in connection with the Selective Service System, except those relating to citizenship, alienage, and international law. Included were matters involving amendments, charges, or interpretations of the Selective Service Regulations and matters relating to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of boards and draft officers generally, including questions of procedure. Records: With those of the Office in NA. LAW DIVISION, Railroad Administration,—Created on February 9, 1918, Probably abolished on February 16, 1933, and its unfinished business was handled by the Assistant Director General, Functions: To have general supervision over legal activities of the railroads under Federal control, over the preparation of contracts with the rail- roads, and over work relating to claims and property protection. Records: 1918-37 (764 feet) in NA, Include correspondence and legal papers relating to property damage and personal injury claims and to claims made by the Railroad Administration against indi- viduals and organizations for freight and demurrage charges. Also include materials on contracts between the Director General and the railroads, on taxes, on final settlements, and on the control and relinquishment of short lines. LAW DIVISION, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See LAW DEPARTMENT, Shipping Board, LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, Navy Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, Navy Depart- ment. LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission,.War Department,—Created immediately upon the organization of the Com- mission in 1917. Functioned through the following Sections: Vice and Liquor Control; Work With Women and Girls; Reformatories and Houses of Detention; and Legislation, Functions: To render prostitutes and liquor inaccessible to the armed forces of the United States, to do preventive work with women and girl delin- quents, to establish reformatories and houses of detention for the rehabilitation of offenders, and to carry out a program in the various States looking toward the adoption of the legislation neces- sary to carry out the Department policy for the protection of the armed forces. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, LAWS AND LIBRARY DIVISION, WAR, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department.—See WAR LAWS AND LIBRARY DIVISION. LEAD COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Appoint- ed by the Chairman of the superior Committee on April 6, 1917. Its administrative headquarters were in New York, and it had a branch in Washington, Terminated on October 31, 1917, Functions: To aid in fixing prices and in allotting Government orders for lead. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, 311 LEAGUE OF NATIONS COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—Appointed at the second plenary session of the Peace Conference, January 25, 1919. Composed of 15 members, 10 representing the Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan), and 5 representing powers with special interests (Belgium, Brazil, China, Portugal, and Serbia), Representatives of Greece, Poland, Rumania, and Czechoslovakia were added later. The Commission held 15 sessions in all between February 3 and April 11, 1919. (A small Drafting Committee examined the Covenant of the League in detail and a Com- mittee on Revision redrafted the whole.) American members, Woodrow Wilson and Edward M. House. Wilson, Chairman, Functions! To work out the details of the constitution and functions of the League of Nations, Records: Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, There is other mate- rial among the Edward M, House papers at Yale University and the Woodrow Wilson papers in the Library of Congress. References: H. W, V, Temperley, ed,, A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 2, p. 25-27j vol. 3, p. 54-55; vol. 6, p. 434-436 (London, 1920-24); Foreign Relations Committee, Senate, Treaty of Peace With Germany, Hearings, 263-276 (66 Cong., 1 sess., S. Doc, 106, serial 7605. Washington, 1919). LEATHER AND HIDES PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES. LEATHER AND LEATHER EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Inspection Section, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See INSPECTION SECTION. LEATHER AND PAPER LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment,—A Dendro-Chemical Laboratory was established in July 1902, In July 1904 it was reorganized as the Leather and Paper Labora- tory, Functions: To recover and utilize wool-scouring waste; to test the serviceability of leather and leather substitutes for shoes; and to study the waterproofing of leather and leather goods. For the Cotton Goods Branch of the Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, to test fabrics, especially tentage, paulins, and wagon covers, for water and mildew resistance; and to investigate and develop effective formulas for water and mildewproofing such fabrics and for waterproofing uni- forms and clothing. For the Shoes, Leather, and Rubber Branch of the Supplies and Equipment Division, to test sole-leather water- proofing preparations and to prepare formulas for such preparations; to determine the relative value of different kinds of shoe leather; and to supply information on tanning materials. For the Division of Industrial Research, General Staff, to study the baling of quartermasters’ stores for overseas shipment. Records: 1917-18 (4 feet) among the general files of the Chemistry Bureau in NA, LEATHER AND RUBBER BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION. LEATHER AIR) RUBBER BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department.—See SHOES, LEATHER, AND RUBBER BRANCH. 312 LEATHER BELTING SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—Organized on August 1 and discontinued on November 23, 1918* Functions? To prepare specifications of leather belting for Government procurement; to insure the maintenance of sufficient stocks to fill Government requirements; and to keep records of stocks on hand and materials in process of fabrication. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH, HIDE AND, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH. LEATHER EQUIPMENT COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Advi- sory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Organized about April 1, 1917, by the Chairman of the Committee on Supplies, Prob- ably dissolved the following August. Functions: To keep the superior Committee informed as to the situation in the leather in- dustry, Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, . LEATHER EQUIPMENT SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department,—Created in 1917; became the Leather Equip- ment Branch, Equipment Section, Procurement Division, on January 14, 1918, Functions: To procure finished equipment in which leather formed the only or chief part, such as saddles, bridles, holsters, and saddlebags. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, LEATHER GOODS DIVISION, HIDE, LEATHER, AND, War Industries Board,— See HIDE, LEATHER, AND LEATHER GOODS DIVISION. LEATHER INDUSTRIES COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, SHOE AND, Supplies Committee Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See SHOE AND LEATHER INDUSTRIES COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE. LEATHER MATERIALS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department,—Formed on June 14 and abolished on September 21, 1918, Functions: To procure leather materials in connection with the work of the Division, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. LEATHER SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created in 1917; became the Leather Branch, Equipment Section, Procurement Division, on January 14, 1918. Functions: To procure leather for the manufacture of leather equipment. Rec- ords: Probably among those of the Office in NA, LEATHER SECTION, RUBBER AND, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. LEATHER SECTION, SHEEPSKIN AND GLOVE, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board,—See SHEEPSKIN AND GLOVE LEATHER SECTION. LEATHER SECTION, SOLE AND BELTING, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—See SOLE AND BELTING LEATHER SECTION. LEATHER STATISTICS SECTION, War Industries Board.—See JOINT OFFICE ON LEATHER STATISTICS. 313 LEGAL AND ADVISORY BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— Appointed on January 26 and dissolved on March 6, 1918. Functions: To coordinate and direct the legal work of the various units of the Office, and to act as the agency through which matters were taken up with the Office of the Judge Advocate General, Records: Prob- ably with those of the Office in NA. LEGAL COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense. —See LEGAL SECTION, War Industries Board, LEGAL DEPARTMENT, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.— Originated in September 1917, and was placed under the Administra- tive Division in May 1918, Included the following Sections: En- forcements, Briefs and Authorities, Contracts, Licenses, and Requi- sitions and Diversions, Discontinued on July 1, 1919, Functions; To frame, interpret, and enforce orders and regulations, working closely with the Investigation Bureau after July 1918, Records: 1917-19 (68 feet) in NA, Correspondence, memoranda, briefs, orders, and special data files. Most of the material relates to enforce- ment cases. LEGAL DEPARTMENT, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See LAW DEPARTMENT, Shipping Board, LEGAL DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Established on August 20, 1917j combined with the Legal Department of the Corporation on February 1, 1920, Func- tions: To handle legal questions arising from the emergency ship- building program and to draw up contracts for the construction of vessels. The Division functioned only for the Construction Organi- zation and not for the Corporation as a whole. Records: In the Maritime Commission, LEGAL DIVISION, Federal Trade Commission,—Established during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1916, as the Legal Department, Became the Legal Division in‘ 1918, Functions: To enforce legislation against unfair methods of competition or restraint of trade in interstate or foreign commerce. Records: 1916-22 (1,200 feet) in NA, Include case files consisting of correspondence, memoranda, reports, and other papers relating to complaints of unfair methods of competition, chiefly of trade practices believed to be affecting the war effort. LEGAL DIVISION, Food Administration,—Organized on July 12, 1917, as part of the organization preliminary to the Food Administration and became a division of that agency upon its establishment. Known also as the Law Department and the Legislative Division. C. H, Lindley and William A. Glasgow, Jr,, successive Chiefs, Functions; To interpret the provisions of the Food and Fuel Control Act and to give legal, advice to the heads of the divisions of the Adminis- tration, Records; 1917-19 (39 feet) in NA, Drafts of food-control legislation; correspondence, reports, and data used by W. C. Mullendore in preparing the final report of the Food Administration, published under the title History of the United States Food Adminis- tration, 1917-1919 (Stanford University, 194l); memoranda on invest!- gations of meat packers' profits; summaries of outgoing mail from all divisions; and files of the Chief of the Division, 31U LEGAL DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized in April 1918 in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, and continued to function after the war in connection with the settle- ment of the property claims of the Corporation, Functions: Gave legal advice in the organizing of the Housing Corporation, in the acquisition of real estate, in the drafting of construction con- tracts, and in business negotiations with private firms, munici- palities, and transportation and public utility companies. Records: 1918-19 (20 feet) in NA, Correspondence relative to land, contracts, and adjustments; opinions on legal questions; reports; and claims papers. LEGAL DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department,—On August 20, 1918, provision was made for a Law Division of the Bureau under the supervision of the General Counsel, appointed by the Secre- tary of the Treasury, Such a Division was created and later desig- nated the Legal Division, Continued in existence until the Bureau was abolished on August 9, 1921. Functions: To take care of the legal work of the Bureau, After the close of the war a section of the Division administered the provisions of the Trading With the Enemy Act relative to the licensing of enemy or enemy ally insur- ance companies. Records: In the Veterans* Administration. LEGAL SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—Established in April 1917. Functions: To have charge of legal problems and matters of precedent and practice involved in the purchase and commandeering of naval supplies. In addition, all modifications of contracts were approved by the Section, although the modifications originated in the Award or Material Sections, Records: Probably dispersed among the general files of the Bureau in NA. LEGAL SECTION, War Industries Board.—Organized as the Legal Committee of the General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense, under authorization of April 19, 1917. Became the Legal Section of the War Industries Board after the establishment of the latter on July 28, 1917. Discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions; To render opinions on the Government’s rights and liabilities under existing law; on just compensation under war conditions; on the legality of suggested procedure; and on the legalization needed for the more effective prosecution of the war. Records: 1917-18 (10 feet) in NA. General correspondence of the Section and card records pertaining to State and Federal legislation. LEGISLATION COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Ap- pointed on April 9, 1917, The Chairman, Victor C. Vaughan, was also Chairman of the Research Committee, appointed the same date, the functions of which were later transferred to the Surgeon General's Office of the War Department. Functions: Aided in safeguarding the troops from vice in the zones around Amy posts, partly through drafting provisions that were included as section 13 of the Amy Act of May 18, 1917. * Also recommended and brought about American manufacture of severed German-owned medicinal preparations. The Committee was closely allied with the Research Committee, which in cooperation with the National Research Council investigated medic- inal preparations and applications submitted by private individuals and firms for adoption by the Army and Navy, Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, including correspondence and other papers of the Chairman relating to the work of both Committees, 1917-18 (3 feet). 315 LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS, AND RULES BRANCH, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department,—Organized in 1918, Functions: To draft bills for the consideration of Congress designed to carry out recommendations of the Department, and to prepare regulations and rules for the Military Establishment, Records: In the General Staff, War Department, LEGISLATION SECTION, Law Enforcement Division, Training Camp Activi- ties Commission, War Department,—Organized in 1917, Functions: To carry out a program in the various States looking toward the adoption of the legislation necessary to carry out the Department policy for the protection of the armed forces. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, LIAISON AND INTERBUREAU UNIT, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department .—An interbureau procurement unit was transferred as part of the Hard- ware and Metals Division from the Quartermaster General's Office to the General Supplies Division on October 28, 1918, In the divisional reorganization of December 31, 1918, it became the Liaison and Inter- bureau Unit, which was discontinued prior to June 30, 1919* Func- tions; To pass on procurement requisitions from supply bureaus, follow up the completion and shipping of requisitioned material, and maintain contact with other supply bureaus. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. LIAISON BRANCH, Supply Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Created on August 30 and abolished on October 28, 1918, Functions: To act as liaison between the Divi- sion and the Purchase and Supply Branch of the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Records: Among those of the Office in NA. LIAISON DIVISION, Motor Transport Corps Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established on August 30, 1918, as the Overseas Liaison Division, and later became the Liaison Division. Operated through two subdivisions handling overseas and domestic liaison. Functions: To handle questions of liaison relating to that portion of the Motor Transport Corps that was with the American Expeditionary Forces; and to supervise relations between the Office of the Chief of the Motor Transport Corps and the various other War Department bureaus in Washington. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Transportation, Services of Supply, LIAISON SERVICE BETWEEN THE SURGEON GENERAL OF THE ARMY AND THE SUR- GEON GENERAL OF THE NAVY, Overseas Hospital Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Probably organized during the latter part of 1918 upon the establishment of the Division, Func- tions: To handle the liaison service between the Office and the Surgeon General of the Navy with respect to returning the sick and wounded from abroad. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. LIAISON WITH THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE LEAGUE SUBSECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment,—The American Protective League was a volunteer civilian or- ganization operating under the supervision of the Justice Depart- ment, This agency was placed at the disposal of the Military Intelligence Division, and a Liaison Subsection was created under 316 the direction of an officer of Military Intelligence, who was also an officer of the American Protective League. Its exact relation- ship to the Negative Branch is not known. Functions: To facilitate communication directly with the various local branches of the Amer- ican Protective League. Records; In the General Staff, War De- partment, LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE, NATIONAL WOMAN'S, Treasury Department.—See NATIONAL WOMAN'S LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE. LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEES.—A Liberty Loan Committee was organized in each Federal Reserve district. These Committees were under the general supervision of the War Loan Organization of the Treasury Department and reported to it. They operated through State, city, and county committees, which functioned under the auspices of the Federal Reserve banks. Functions: To aid the Liberty Loan cam- paigns by publicity, subscriptions, receiving payments, making deliveries, effecting exchanges, and helping to convert bonds from one issue to another. Records: In the Treasury Department. LIBERTY LOAN DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See NATIONAL WOMAN'S LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE. LIBERTY LOAN SECTION, Disbursing Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—Created in the early part of the war as a unit in the Disbursing Division, On March, 1, 1913, it was trans- ferred to the newly created Allotment Division, where it remained until January 1, 1919, when it was reestablished in the Disbursing Division, Functions: To afford officers and enlisted men of the Navy serving at outlying stations and at sea an opportunity to sub- scribe for Liberty Loan bonds on the same terms of partial payments as were offered by banks to subscribers throu.ghout the country. The bonds were sold to officers and men through their supply offi- cers, and payments were made through the allotment system of the Bureau, Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. LIBERTY THEATER DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department,—Organized in August 1917, Functions: To provide theatrical and motion-picture entertainment for soldiers in train- ing, Records; In the General Staff, War Department, LIBRARY AND EXHIBITS SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administra- tion,—Created in December 1917 as the Library Section, Terminated in January 1919. Edith Guerrier, Chief. Functions: To distribute Food Administration literature to library directors on the staffs of the State Food Administrations and to encourage food conserva- tion by means of library exhibits. Within a single year the Sec- tion sent out, in addition to other printed matter, over 1,500,000 pamphlets and leaflets and about 600,000 posters. Records; 1917- 19 (2 feet) in NA. Correspondence, Other records are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, References; Edith Guerrier, Pledged Allegiance; a Librarian's Intimate Story of the United States Food Administration (Stanford University fl94l3). LIBRARY COOPERATION DIVISION, Boys' Working Reserve, Employment Ser- vice, Labor Department,—Probably organized in 1918 and terminated with the Boys' Working Reserve in June 1919. Functions; To en- list the cooperation of public libraries as publicity and enrolling agencies for the Boys* Working Reserve. Records: Whereabouts un- known. 317 LICENSE DEPARTMENT, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian,—Organ- ized in 1917. Abolished shortly after the war. Functions; To have jurisdiction over matters involving enemy-trade licenses grant- ed by the Enemy Trade Bureau of the War Trade Board, Records; Intermingled with the trust and report files of the Trusts Bureau in NA. LICENSE DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created early in 1918 from the License Section of the Legal Division, The Report Division was merged with it the following June, and in February 1919 it became a section of the Enforcement Division, Terminated in November 1920. Functions: To license wheat and rye elevators and mills, wholesalers and retailers of food commodities, bakers, and salt-water fishermen; to prepare and mail the forms that licensees were required to submit at regular intervals; to cooperate with the Fuel Administration in licensing coal dealers and with the Agriculture Department in li- censing fertilizer manufacturers and stockyard companies; to report to the Grain Corporation on all licenses granted to graiin dealers, elevators, and mills; to keep an accurate record of changes in the name, address, and nature of the business of each licensee; and to establish a "stop order" system to prevent the issuing of new li- censes in cases where the original one had been revoked. Records: 1917-20 (1,492 feet) in NA, Applications and approvals relating to the licensing of salt-water fishermen and manufacturers of auid dealers in food commodities, ammonia products, and insecticides containing arsenic; reports from licensed dealers; milling permits; contracts; questionnaires; correspondence; and related records. References: Charles 0. Hardy, Wartime Control of Prices, ch, 9 (Washington, 1940); Charles R. Van Hise, Conservation and Regula- tion in the United States During the World~War, ch. 5 (Washington and Madison, 1917-18), LICENSE DIVISION, Grain Corporation,—Established in August 1918, Worked in cooperation with the Food Administration and, after June 30, 1919, with the Wheat Director. Terminated in July 1920, Functions; To license and regulate the grain and flour trade. Records; 1918-20 (7 feet) in NA. Chiefly correspondence concern- ing licenses issued and canceled. LICENSES BUREAU, PRICES AND, Oil Division, Fuel Administration,—See PRICES AND LICENSES BUREAU. LICENSES DIVISION, Wheat Director’s Office.—Authorized by Presiden- tial Proclamation No, 1527 of June 23, 1919; functions expanded by Proclamation No. 1528 of June 24, 1919; and terminated by Procla- mation No. 1565 of May 25, 1920, effective June 1. Functions; In cooperation with the Grain Corporation, to license the storage and distribution of wheat; the manufacture, storage, and distribution of wheat flour; the import and export of wheat and wheat flour, which had previously been controlled by the War Trade Board; and the manufacture of bakery products. Records; 1919-20 (167 feet) in NA, Consist chiefly of applications for licenses, related corre- spondence, and card records and lists showing action taken on li- censes. LICENSING OF MANUFACTURERS, EXPORTERS, AND IMPORTERS SECTION, Explo- sives Regulation Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—See EXPLOSIVES REGULATION DIVISION. 318 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Depart- ment,—Created in the Naval Consulting Board on November 4, 1915, Consisted of three members; Spencer Miller, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD, LIGHTHOUSES BUREAU, Commerce Department.—Created by an act of June 17, 1910, as successor to the Lighthouse Board, Abolished on July 1, 1939, and functions transferred to the Coast Guard, Treasury Department, Functional To operate aids to navigation along the coast lines and river channels of the United States and its depend- encies; to establish and maintain all equipment and work incident thereto; and to publish separately or with other Government agen- cies information regarding aids to navigation. During the war the Bureau made various investigations at the request of the Department of Justice and the military and naval information services, assist- ed the Shipping Board with respect to the design and sea trials of various types of vessels, and aided the War Industries Board in the standardization and allocation of iron and steel chains for Govern- ment use. Officers of the Lighthouse Service cooperated with the naval and military authorities in matters of navigation and coast defense. Vessels of the Bureau laid submarine nets, which they re- moved after the armistice was signed, laid mines, placed buoys and marks for military uses, and acted as lookouts and reporting sta- tions, Records! 1789-1939 (2,120 feet) in NA, Those for the war period include correspondence, reports, and administrative papers. Other records are in the Treasury Department, References? George Weiss, The Lighthouse Service, 20-27 (Baltimore, 1926), LIQUIDATION CLAIMS DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created by Circular No. 95 of the Director General on February 15, 1920, Ter- minated about June 15, 1924, Functions? To investigate and dis- pose of claims presented by the railroads on account of undermain- tenance of ways, structures, and equipment or on account of improve- ments for war purposes wrongly charged against the roads; also to handle claims presented to the Interstate Commerce Commission for reparations on account of excessive rates. Records? Those created in connection with particular claims are in NA among the final settlement records of the Director General's Office, Other records were authorized for disposition on March 20, 1934. LIQUIDATION COMMISSION, War Department,—Created by the Secretary of War on February 11, 1919. The Commission established headquarters in France, where it liquidated claims and negotiated for the sale of railway equipment, docks, warehouses, and various forms of movable property. In the case of War Department agreements with the Allied nations based upon arrangements made in the United States preliminary adjustment was made by a special representative of the Secretary of War, On May 31, 1920, the functions of the Commission were transferred to the External Relations Section, Current Supply Branch, General Staff. When the Foreign Claims Section of the War Department Claims Board was created on December 18, 1920, it as- sumed the duties connected with the settlement of foreign claims. Functions? To liquidate the financial affairs of the American Ex- peditionary Forces and to adjust War Department financial arrange- ments with the Allied Governments. Under authority of existing statutes and additional authority granted by an act of March 2, 1919, the Secretary of War delegated to the Commission the power to adjust and settle the contracts and claims of the United States against foreign governments and individuals, whether formal or 319 informal, and to adjust and settle the claims of foreign govern- ments or individuals against the United States, insofar as such contracts and claims arose in connection with the war. Records: In the War Department with those of the Foreign Claims Section, War Department Claims Board. LITTLE SILVER LABORATORY BRANCH, Radio Development Section, Engineer- ing and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War De- partment.—See RADIO DEVELOPMENT SECTION. LIVESTOCK AND MEATS MARKET NEWS SERVICE, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department,—Inaugurated in December 1916 and greatly expanded with funds provided by the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, and supplementary appropriations of 1918. Functioned in close relation with the Marketing Live Stock, Meats, and Animal By-Products Project, Its duties were assigned in 1920 to the Livestock, Meats, and Wool Division of the Bureau. Functions: To increase production, improve distribution, further conservation, and stabilize prices of food by gathering and distributing to the general public and Government agencies information concerning supplies, prices, and distribution of livestock, meats, and other animal products. Records; Those in NA for the war period (2 feet) include correspondence of staff mem- bers with Bureau authorities, the project head, and the public in the central correspondence files of the Bureau of Markets; corre- spondence of the project leader, L. D, Hall, in the numerical corre- spondence files of the Bureau; and reports for 1917 and 1918 in the "manuscript files" of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics, LIVESTOCK AND PACKING PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Agricultural Advisory Committee.—See AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE, LIVESTOCK MARKET COMMITTEE.—Appointed in October 1918 by the Food Administration, Functions: To undertake the supervision of a plan concerning the marketing of hogs adopted at a conference of the Subcommittee on Livestock and Packing Products of the Agricul- tural Advisory Committee. Records: 1918 (2 inches) in NA, Include correspondence, memoranda, and other papers in the correspondence files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture, filed under "Animals-Hogs." LIVESTOCK, MEATS, AND ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS PROJECT, MARKETING, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department,—See MARKETS BUREAU. LIVING CONDITIONS COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Ad- ministration, Labor Department,—See CONDITIONS OF LIVING COM- MITTEE. LIVING CONDITIONS OF WAR WORKERS COMMISSION, Labor Department,—Ap- pointed by the Secretary of Labor in October 1918 upon the recom- mendation of the War Labor Policies Board. Its funds were provided by the Housing Corporation. Abolished in June 1919, Functions: In conference with various Government agencies and officials, it investigated the extent to which local living conditions were a factor in retarding war production and devised ways and means for the improvement of such conditions. After the armistice, attention was directed to the formulation of national policies relating to housing and living conditions. Records: 1918-19 (5 feet) in NA. 320 Correspondence, general files, fiscal records, and minutes of the Commission are among the records of the Corporation. A few related papers are among the records of the War Labor Policies Board. LOADING AND EXPLOSIVES BRANCH, CHEMICAL, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. LOADING BRANCH, Explosives Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive Section, LOADING SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established on November 9, 1917, by Purchase Section Order No, 16, as the Loading Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Transferred to the Procurement Division in January 1918 as a Sec- tion, and under it was placed a Trench Warfare Branch, Functions} To supervise negotiations connected with planning orders and con- tracts for loading projectiles, fuzes, and trench warfare artd to plan orders and contracts for the assembly of fixed ammuni- tion where this process was under a separate contract and not in- cluded in the purchase of the complete ammunition. Records: Prob- ably among those of the Office in NA, LOADING SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated as a Branch of the Explosives Section and became a Section of the Production Division on July 10, 1918, ferred to the Explosives and Loading Division on November 6, 1918, Functions; To supervise and regulate the loading of shells. Rec- ords; Probably among those of the Office in NA, LOADING SPECIFICATIONS SECTION, Packing Service Branch, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.— See PACKING SERVICE BRANCH, LOAN BOARD, FEDERAL FARM, Treasury Department,—See FEDERAL FARM LOAN BOARD. LOAN BUREAU, FOREIGN, Treasury Department.—See FOREIGN LOAN BUREAU. LOAN COMMITTEES, LIBERTY.—See LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEES. LOAN ORGANIZATION, WAR, Treasury Department,—See WAR LOAN ORGANIZA- TION. LOAN SECTION, LIBERTY, Disbursing Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—See LIBERTY LOAN SECTION. LOANS AND CURRENCY DIVISION, Treasury Department,—Created in 1876 and now in the Public Debt Bureau, Functions; To take care of the issue, exchange, transfer, and redemption of the public debt securities of the United States, and to supervise the destruction of mutilated currency and canceled bonds and coupons. The account- ing work for the Liberty and Victory Loans was performed by this Division. Records; Most of those for the war period are in the Treasury Department, but a few are in NA. 321 LXQMOTIVE INSPECTION BUREAU, Interstate Commerce Commission,—Or- ganized as the Locomotive Boiler Inspection Division in 1911; redes- ignated in 1917 as the Locomotive Inspection Bureau, Functions: To inspect locomotives and tenders and to supervise inspections made by the carriers; to order defective equipment out of service; to investigate accidents caused by the failure of locomotives and tenders; to check specifications for the design, construction, and major repairs,with reference to statutory or administrative require- ments; and to report violations of the law for possible prosecution. From November 1917 to March 1918 almost all the inspectors of the Bureau were engaged in checking congestion at terminals; and from time to time throughout the period of Government control they were called upon to make special investigations and reports. Records:* 1911-42 (5,811 feet) in the Interstate Commerce Commission. In- clude monthly reports on the condition of every locomotive, reports on accidents by the railroads and by inspectors, specifications for every locomotive, and itineraries and daily reports of inspectors. LOCOMOTIVE SECTION, Transportation Division, Railroad Administration. —Created on February 9, 1918; probably abolished on July 1, 1918, when its functions were taken over by the Mechanical Department of the Operation Division. Functions: To supervise the maintenance and repair of locomotives at railway shops and roundhouses. Records Probably destroyed as useless papers in 1934. LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS STANDARDS COMMITTEE, Operation Division, Rail- road Administration.—See STANDARDS FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS COM- MITTEE. LOCOMOTIVES COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Transportation and Communication Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,— Created on May 1, 1917, with four members; dissolved on September 20, 1917, when its functions were absorbed by the Committee on Production of the War Industries Board, Functions: To keep the Government constantly advised of the state of locomotive production; to increase output by coordinating the efforts of manufacturers; to assist in designing and building locomotives for the use of the United States Government in France; and to regulate the division of American-built locomotives between the United States and the Allies, Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA, LOGGING AND ENTRENCHING TOOLS SECTION, Heavy Hardware Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See HEAVY HARDWARE BRANCH. LOGGING, SAWMILL, AND WOODWORKING SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Di- vision, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. LOGISTICS AND FUEL DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy De- partment,—Established on January 18, 1918, taking over functibns from the Fuel and Transportation Section of the Purchase Division. Divided into the following Sections: Confidential Matters and Lo- gistic Records; Fuel Stocks and Vessel Assignments; Allotment and Distribution of Navy Fuel; Development of Fueling Facilities; Ship Charterings and Reports; and Fuel Requirements and Navy Contractors, 322 Terminated on March 4, 1920, when its functions were transferred to the newly created Divisions of Planning and of Fuel and Transporta- tion, Functions: To have charge of the procurement of fuel sup- plies; the upkeep of stocks; the chartering, loading, and discharg- ing of fuel cargo vessels; the development and maintenance of fuel- ing stations; the review and study of the fuel situation at home and in foreign ports; the keeping of logistic records with respect to fuel needs and war plan reports (including data relative to the wartime disposition of merchant vessels); and the preparation of lists of mines producing acceptable coal. Records: Probably, among the general files of the Bureau in NA, LONDON NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS, Navy Department,—Organized pursuant to instructions addressed by the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D, Roosevelt, to Capt, E. 0. Tobey on February 12, 1919. The first meeting of the Board took place in London on February 26, 1919* Upon its dissolution on June 30, 1921, the staff representa- tive of the Navy Department in London took over the remaining busi- ness of the Board, Functions: To consider, adjust, and dispose of matters involved in the financial liability of the United States arising from activities during the war and the demobilization of naval forces in European waters and on land. Records: 1918-22 (13 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, miscellaneous claims papers, records of proceedings of meetings, instructions, memoranda, and bulletins. Other material relating to the work of the Board, including its proceedings, is in the general correspondence files of the Secretary's Office, Navy Department, in NA, LOST BAGGAGE SECTION, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See BAGGAGE, REMAINS, AND EFFECTS BRANCH, Administrative Division, Transporta- tion Service Chief's Office, LUBRICANTS AND FOREIGN REQUIREMENTS BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Admin- istration.—Created on February 11, 1918. Included an Export Li- cense Section. Terminated on November 23, 1918, when its functions were transferred to the Domestic Consumption Bureau, Functions: To coordinate shipments of oil overseas and develop and standardize lubricating oils. Worked in close cooperation with the Army, the Navy, and the War Trade Board, Records: In NA, Those filed sepa- rately from the central files of the Division include correspondence, reports, memoranda, cables, minutes, and a reference file (2 feet). LUBRICANTS, FUELS, AND CHEMICALS SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Di- vision, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. LUBRICANTS SECTION, Petroleum Division, Mines Bureau, Interior De- partment.—See PETROLEUM DIVISION, LUMBER AND FOREST PRODUCTS JOINT OFFICE.—In existence by November 20, 1918, Composed of representatives of the War Industries Board and the War Trade Board, Functions: To prepare statistical reports on lumber and forest products, to serve as a clearinghouse for in- formation on these commodities, and to make recommendations on policies for their control. Worked in close cooperation with the Forest Service, Records; Whereabouts unknown. 323 LUMBER BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Organized on January 18 and abolished about May 31, 1919, when its functions were taken over by the Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch. Func- tioned through the Hardwood Section and the Yellow Pine and Others Section. Functions: To be responsible for the disposal of surplus lumber owned by the Department. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA, LUMBER COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,-—Ap- pointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee on April 27 and ceased functioning about August 10, 1917, Its Chairman became the Lumber Director for the War Industries Board and later head of the Lumber Section of the Board, Functions: To serve as the point of contact between the lumber industry and the Government, It organ- ized emergency bureaus through which orders were placed for lumber for Government requirements, negotiated price agreements, and pre- pared specifications. Records: Some are among those of the War Industries Board in NA. LUMBER SECTION, Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH. LUMBER SECTION, Production Division, Engineering and Purchasing De- partment, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. LUMBER SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—Created during the war. Functions: To see that an adequate supply of lumber was purchased and, by means of cooperation with the Traffic Section, to provide quick deliveries of lumber for the repair, fitting, or building of ships, A problem of especial importance was that of the supply of airplane spruce (see also SPRUCE PRODUCTION CORPORATION). Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. LUMBER SECTION, Raw Materials Division, War Industries Board,—Organ- ized in November 1917 to continue the work of the Lumber Corpora- tion Committee of the Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense (organized on April 27, 1917). Discontinued on January 15, 1919. Functions: To make recommendations as to the allocation of orders for lumber from the executive departments, the Shipping Board, the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and the Railroad Administration; to administer the rulings of the War Industries Board affecting the lumber industry; and to furnish technical advice concerning lumber. Records: 1917- 19 (3A feet) in NA. Correspondence and purchase records. Other records are in the "consolidated files" of the Board, LUMBER SECTION, Supplies Division, Engineering and Purchasing Depart- ment, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See SUPPLIES DIVISION . 32U LIMBER SECTION, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Initiated with the appointment of a Lumber Administrator in the Purchasing Division on March 25, 1918. On August 28, 1918, a Lumber Section was created within the Supply Division, but it appears to have been abolished with the creation of the Supply and Sales Division on May 1, 1919 (although a few of its records are dated as late as 1920), Functions: To supervise the purchasing and to expedite the shipment of lumber for the construction of ships built on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, Similar work for wooden ships being built on the Pacific Coast and particularly in the Pacific Northwest was handled by the Fir Pro- duction Board, Records: 1918-20 (95.feet) in NA. Include invoices and vouchers for lumber shipped to shipyards; lumber inventories; tally sheets describing the contents of loaded railroad cars; lumber requisitions; and correspondence, notes, and memoranda relating to shipments of lumber, lumber received in shipyards, and the trans- portation of lumber and lumber products to shipyards. A consider- able amount of correspondence relating to the supply of lumber is in the "old1* general files of the Supply and Sales Division, 325 M MACHINE GUN AND SMALL ARMS SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 19, 1918, by the consolidation of the Machine Gun Section of the Carriage Division and the Engineering Branch of the Small Arms Division. Functionst To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with small arms, including rifles, pistols, and ammunition, and in connection with machine guns and 37 mm, automatic guns, including aviation machine-gun equipment, voiturettes, and handcarts, but ex- cluding harness and pack outfits. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MACHINE GUN BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1918. Functions: To purchase machine guns of all kinds. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. MACHINE GUN SECTION, Carriage Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.--See MACHINE GUN AND SMALL ARMS SECTION, Engineering Division. MACHINE GUNS COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—Established on April 18, 1917; dissolved after the estab- lishment of the War Industries Board on July 28, 1917. Functions: To investigate and report on the prices and delivery of machine guns. Records: Whereabouts mknown. MACHINE TOOL SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—Organized on October 1, 1917; discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions: To control the manufacture and distribution of metal-working machinery. The Section surveyed production and available equipment and tabulated military requirements. Records: 1917-18 (Ul feet) in NA. Consist chiefly of general and "company" correspondence files and records of machine-tool purchases. Other records are in the "consolidated files" of the Board. MACHINE TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Of- fice of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. MACHINE TOOLS SECTION, Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATE- RIALS BRANCH. MACHINE TOOLS SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about January 1, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions; To supervise the sale of surplus machine tools held by War Department bureaus. Records: Whereabouts unknown. 326 MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH, Requirements and Requisi- tions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Organized about January 6, 1919. On May 31 it assumed the functions of the former Lumber Branch. On June 30, 1919, it includ- ed the following Sections: Miscellaneous Plant Equipment} Machine Toolsj Steam and Sanitary Engineering Equipment} Electrical Engi- neering Equipment; Mechanical, Rubber, and Leather Goods} Technical Instruments} Steel} and Lumber. Functions: To be responsible for the disposal of surplus machinery, engineering equipment, and tech- nical Instruments. After May 31, 1919, it was also responsible for the disposal of surplus lumber. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in KA. MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS DIVISION, Purchase Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 22, 1918. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99 of that date, it took over the entire Depot Department, the Administrative Department, and the Engineering and Purchasing Department of the General Engineer Depot. The procurement of Signal Corps supplies was taken over by the Division about October 28, 1918. Functioned through an Administrative Branch and through the following procure- ment Branches: Machinery, Electrical Apparatus and Supplies, Engi- neering and Construction Materials, Precision Instruments, and Sig- nal, About August 18, 1919, the Division became the Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch of the Regular Supplies Division, Functions: To have charge of the purchase of materials assigned to it and of the production and acceptance of materials contracted for. The Division had just begun to function when the armistice was signed, and thereafter although procurement activities continued, it was principally engaged in the adjustment and settlement of the claims of contractors. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General's Office in foA, MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. MACHINERY AND MACHINE SHOP EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Purchase Section, Pro- curement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.— See PURCHASE SECTION. MACHINERY AND MATERIALS BRANCH, Production Section, Gun Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created on October 1, 1917} transferred to the Production Division by Gun Division Order No, 58 on January 17, 1918. Functions; To have charge of matters at ord- nance plants between the time of the letting of contracts and the actual commencement of operations} especially, to see that each con- tractor was fitted with the machinery, supplies, and materials necessary to commence operations on scheduled time and to carry out his contract. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. 327 MACHINERY AND STAMPED METAL GROUP, Instrument, Machinery, and Con- tainer Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.--See INSTRUMENT, MACHINERY, AND CON- TAINER BRANCH. MACHINERY BRANCH, Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, Pur- chase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS DIVISION. MACHINERY BRANCH, Miscellaneous Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1918. Functions: To handle purchases of machinery of all kinds. Records': Probably with those of the Office in NA. MACHINERY BRANCH, Projectile Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on April 12, 1918. Functions; To purchase artillery ammunition projectiles. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MACHINERY BRANCH, Technical Section, Ship Construction Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See TECHNICAL SECTION. MACY BOARD.—See SHIPBUILDING LABOR ADJUSTMENT BOARD. MAGAZINE AND FEATURE SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administra- tion.—Organized in August 1917 as the Women's Journals and Women's Pages Section and renamed in December 1917. Abolished in December 1918. Gertrude B. Lane and Harriet Anderson, Chiefs successively. Functions; To prepare a weekly mimeographed clipsheet on food con- servation, recipes, menus, special articles, and other material for publication in magazines. Records; 1917-19 (10 feet) in NA. Cor- respondence, questionnaires to newspapers on the acceptability of Food Administration material for publication, press releases, and scrapbooks of clippings of articles prepared by the Section. MAGAZINE CONSTRUCTION AND LOCATION SECTION, Explosives Regulation Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See EXPLOSIVES REGU- LATION DIVISION. MAGAZINES AND GENERAL ORDNANCE FACILITIES SECTION, Yards and Docks Bu- reau, Navy Department.—Established in March 1917. Its functions today are performed by the Ordnance Shore Establishments Section. Functions: To have charge of the design and construction of facili- ties at magazines, depots, and ordnance plants. Records; Among the general files of the Bureau in NA. MAGNESIA SECTION, ASBESTOS AND, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—See ASBESTOS AND MAGNESIA SECTION. MAGNETISM DIVISION, TERRESTRIAL, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Commerce Department.—See TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM DIVISION. MAIL AND EXPRESS SECTION, OVERSEAS, Cargo Traffic Branch, Water Trans- portation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH. MAIL SECTION, EXPRESS AND, Traffic Division, Railroad Administra- tion. —See EXPRESS AND MAIL SECTION. 328 MAIL SERVICE DIVISION, RAILWAY, Post Office Department.--See RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE DIVISION. MAILS DIVISION, FOREIGN, Post Office Department.--See FOREIGN MAILS DIVISION. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR BRANCH, Construction Division, War Department,— Created before the declaration of war as the Construction and Repair Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Absorbed into the Canton- ment Division as its Maintenance and Repair Branch on October 10, 1917. Transferred to the Construction Division, War Department, upon the establishment of that Division on March 13, 1918. Operated through the following seven Sections: Building Repair; General Main- tenance and Repair; Land and Lease; Procurement; Statistical; Tech- nical Service; and Utilities, Operation, and Maintenance. Functions: To direct maintenance and repair work at permanent and temporary Army posts and camps and at other places where Government construction work had been done, carrying out plans prepared by the Engineering Branch and Jay itself; to correspond with local officers in charge of maintenance work in regard to plans and related matters and to the work of the Branch; and to allot funds in connection with its activi- ties. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Depart- ment. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR DEPARTMENT. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING AND, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.—See ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT. MAINTENANCE DIVISION, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department,— In existence prior to the war. Functions: To be responsible for the supply and maintenance of equipment for naval vessels and for the general readiness of the fleet. In charge of camouflage and other protective devices and, in general, of matters under the cognizance of the Bureau relating to completed ships. Records: Correspondence and other records for the war period are among the general files of the Bureau in NA. MAINTENANCE DIVISION, Motor Transport Corps Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established on August 30, 1918. Included an Advisory and Planning Staff and the following Branches: Base and Field Shops; Crating and Boxing; Executive; Follow-Up; Machinery and Tools; Motor Transport Depots; Salvage Engineering; Spare Parts and Accessories; and Trades, Procurement, and Classification. Functions; To be re- sponsible for the maintenance, repair, and salvage of Motor Transport Corps vehicles and for the distribution of spare parts, material, and equipment pertaining to the Corps. Also to control the distribution and operation of motor transport repair shops and repair facilities and to supervise Corps depots, shops, garages, repair shops, recep- tion parks, reserve parks, and salvage agencies. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Transportation, Services of Supply. MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—Organized about May 1917 and terminated on October 1, 1918. Functions: To encourage the continuation of financial support and the training of workers for existing social service agencies and the creation of such new agen- cies as war conditions might require. Records; Among those of the Council in NA. 329 MAINTENANCE OF WAY DEPARTMENT, Railway Engineering Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Existed by June 21, 1918. Functions: Through the several departments of the General Engineer Depot,to procure track materials for the use of the American Expeditionary Forces. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. MANGANESE SAVING COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.—See FERRO-ALLOYS COMMITTEE. MANNING AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE SPECIAL COMMITTEE, Planning and Sta- tistics Division, Shipping Board.—Organized on July 2h and ceased to function about November 15, 1918. Functions: To make a study of conditions in the merchant marine affectingthe standing of American merchant officers and crews as a body; to report on ways and means of putting American merchant crews on the highest level ' of character, discipline, and efficiency; to study working and liv- ing conditions on American ships and general operations of the sea- men's law as to wages and hours of labor; and to study the recruit- ing service and the special war angles of manning the merchant ma- rine. Records: In NA (3 inches of segregated material; other rec- ords are in the general files of the Division). MANUFACTURED GOODS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION, MANUFACTURERS' INQUIRY SECTION, Employment Service, Labor Department.— Organized early in 1918 and terminated in July when most of its functions were taken over by the Information and Education Service, set v?) directly under the Secretary of Labor. Functions: To ex- plain the war role of the Employment Service to manufacturers in order to encourage them to utilize its facilities. Records; Whereabouts unknown. MANUFACTURES DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.—In exist- ence before the war. Functions: To collect, compile, and prepare for publication statistics pertaining to manufactures. During the war it assisted in the compilation of a census of various materials and commodities for the Commercial Economy Board, the Council of National Defense, the Food Administration, the Shipping Board, the War Industries Board, and the War Trade Board, Records; In the Census Bureau. MANUFACTURING BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Formed on January 18, 1918, Be- came the Manufactured Goods Branch upon the transfer of the Divi- sion to the Office of the Director of Purchase in October 1918, Functions; To execute requisitions, supervise production, and dis- tribute textile materials for the Division. Records; Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MANUFACTURING BRANCH, Equipment Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized early in 1918 and abol- ished on October 23, 1918, Functions: To handle matters relating to the production of leather, leather equipment, textiles, textile equipment, steel helmets, periscopes, mess equipment, fencing equip- ment, hardware, cleaning and preserving materials, and machinery equipment. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, 330 MANUFACTURING BRANCH, Small Anns Section, Production Division. Ord- nance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Created on January In and abolished on October 23, 1918. Functions: To handle matters re- lating to the production of rifles, pistols, revolvers, and small arms accessories. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT DIVISION (DEFENSE), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organised in January 1918 when a separation of offense and defense research was effected. Trans- ferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To conduct research relating to de- fense against poison gas by developing methods of gas detection, protective fabrics, filter materials, quantitative methods for the hydrolysis of sulphonlc acids, and a mask for Army horses. In May 1918 it undertook the production of gas masks for industrial use. Cooperated with the Gas Defense Division of the Surgeon General's Office, War Department, Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 35-36 (Bulletin 1?6a« Washington, 1919). MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT DIVISION (OFFENSE), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized in August- 1917. After January 1918, when a separation of offense and defense research was effected, this Division was concerned only with that part relating to offense. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To conduct research relating to the manufacture of poison gas, with especial concern for determining the most suitable method of production on a large scale; to produce gases for testing purposes; to produce and to purchase chemicals not readily available; and to store and to ship toxic chemicals produced in the laboratories of the Mines Bureau. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bu- reau, War Gas Investigations, 3U-35 (Bulletin 1?8A. Washington, 1919). MANUFACTURING SECTION, Pulp and Paper Division, War Industries Board.— Organized on October 1 and discontinued on December 31> 1918. Func- tions : To effect efficiency in production by standardization of grades, colors, and weights of paper. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. MANUFACTURING SURVEY BRANCH, Production Section, Gun Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on October 1, 1917; transferred to the Production Division by Gun Division Order No. 58 on January 17, 1918. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to the manufacture and manufacturers of gun material preliminary to the placing of contracts. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MAP SECTION, Geographic Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on April 2hf 1919. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, its name was changed to Graphic Section. Functions: To formulate policies with reference to mili- tary topographicalsurveys and maps, and to construct and reproduce special maps for intelligence purposes. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. MAPPING DIVISION, FORTIFICATION AND, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See FORTIFICATION AND MAPPING DIVISION. 331 MAPPING SECTION, MILITARY, Equipment and Construction Division, Mili- tary Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See MILITARY MAPPING SECTION, Equipment and Construction Division. MAPPING SECTION, MILITARY, Military Construction Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See MILITARY MAPPING SEC- TION, Military Construction Division. [MARINE] ADVISORY BOARD TO THE BUREAU OF WAR RISK INSURANCE, Treasury Department.—Established under authority of an act of September 2, 191iu Composed of three members expert in matters pertaining par- ticularly to marine insurance, who served on a per diem basis. Functioned until January U, 1919, when the rates for marine insur- ance were withdrawn. Functions; To advise the Bureau on marine insurance rates, risks’, and'practices. Records; 191ii-19 (6 feet) in NA, interfiled with those of the Marine and Seamen's Division. Consist of rate schedules, memoranda, correspondence, reports, recom- mendations, and decisions pertaining to marine insurance. MARINE AND DOCK INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, Shipping Board.--Origi- nated in the appointment of a labor expert on November 12, 1917; formally established by a resolution of the Board on September 19, 1918. Its name was changed to Industrial Relations Division on November 20, 1919, when it took over the work of the former Indus- trial Relations Division of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Cor- poration, The Division continued, under varying Jurisdictions, until the abolition of the Shipping Board in 1933- Functions: To coordi- nate Shipping Board action in labor matters; to exercise general supervision over labor questions pertaining to the operation of ves- sels and marine equipment, including loading and unloading; to ad- just disputes and set up adjustment machinery; to take any necessary steps to improve industrial relations, strengthen morale, and bring about effective cooperation between employers and employees; and to supervise applications for deferred classifications and furloughs of certain classes of essential workers. Records; 1917-22 (38 feet) in NA. Include a classified file containing correspondence, docketed cases, material on the organization and administration of the Divi- sion, the National Adjustment Commission, and local adjustment com- missions and a "data file" of information on labor matters; records pertaining to the National Marine Conference of 1918 and to the Joint Shipping Industrial Conference of 1919; transcripts of hearings; copies of awards and agreements; material on piece-work rates in Pacific Coast shipyards; draft deferment correspondence; and working materials used in the preparation of various reports. Later records are in the Maritime Commission. References: Shipping Board, Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division, Marine and Dock Labor: Work, Wages, and Industrial Relations During the Beriod of the War; Report of the Director ♦ . . December"3l, 19IB (Washington, l9l9), and Re- port of Acting"T)irector"V . . August 1, 1919 ([1919]. Processed)"? MARINE AND SEAMEN'S DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury De- partment.—Established under a Commissioner of Marine and Seamen's Insurance in pursuance of an act of October 6, 1917. The Marine Division and the Seamen's Division of the Bureau, which had existed previously, were brought together in the new Division, but they con- tinued to function as separate administrative divisions each under a Deputy Commissioner. This system prevailed until January U, 1919, when the withdrawal of the rates on marine and seamen's insurance brought about the reduction of the two administrative divisions to the status of sections of the Marine and Seamen's Division. The 332 work of the Division was continued in the Veterans' Administration after 1921. See MARINE DIVISION AND SEAMEN’S DIVISION. MARINE CABLES DIRECTOR, Wire Control Board, Telegraph and Telephone Administration, Post Office Department.—See WIRE CONTROL BOARD. MARINE CONFERENCE, NATIONAL, Shipping Board.—See NATIONAL MARINE CON- FERENCE. MARINE CORPS, FUEL OIL, AND RADIO SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.—Established in March 1917. Functions: To be re- sponsible for the preparation of designs and specifications for con- struction work pertaining to the Marine Corps, radio stations, and fUel-oil storage stations. Records: Among the general files of the Bureau in NA, MARINE CORPS HEADQUARTERS, Navy Department.—Established by an act of July 11, 1798. Administered through the Major General Commandant's Office, the Adjutant and Inspector's Department, the Quartermasten's Department, and the Paymaster's Department. Functions: The Marine Corps functions as a part of the armed forces of the United States, under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy. The Major General Commandant is responsible for the recruiting, education, training, discipline, and distribution of the officers and men of the Corps. Records; Most of them are in the Navy Department. Those in NA for the period after 191h include statements of service of officers and enlisted men; a few records of the Adjutant and Inspector's Depart- ment, such as death registers, records of discharges, records of promotions and reductions of noncommissioned officers, personnel records of deceased officers, records of general courts martial and prisoners restored to duty, and records of deserters released; some miscellaneous Headquarters records; and records of expeditionary forces in Haiti. References; Edwin N. McClellan, United States Marine Corps in the World War (Washington, 1920); Clyde H. Metcalf, A History of the United States Marine Corps (New York, 1939). MARINE DEPARTMENT, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.— bly created on July 1, 1918, and probably abolished with the Divi- sion on March 1, 1920. Functions: To have general supervision over water transportation under Federal control, to direct the super- vision of the marine facilities of the Division, and to handle spe- cial matters such as protection of the coal supply for the New Eng- land States and the movement of potatoes from Maine. Records; Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. MARINE DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—Es- tablished in June 1917 when the activities of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance were expanded to include insurance of American merchant seamen. The Marine Division and the Seamen's Division were combined under the Marine and Seamen's Division by an act of October 6, 1917, but both continued to exist as administrative divisions. The rates on marine insurance were withdrawn on January U, 1919, and subse- quently the Maxine Division was reduced to the status of a section in the Marine and Seamen's Division. After the abolition of the Bu- reau in 1921, administrative work incident to the texnnination of ma- rine insurance activities continued under the Veterans' Bureau and was completed by September 3, 192li. Functions; To issue marine insurance, that is, insurance on hulls, cargoes, passage moneys, and personal effects of seamen of Amexl.can merchant vessels subject to 333 war risks. Records: 191U-21: (150 feet) in NA. Include adminis- trative, claims, and insurance policy files; application folders; correspondence; registers; and indexes. MARINE DRAFTING SECTION, Civi}. Division, Office of the Chief of Engi- neers, War Department.—Established prior to February 2ii, 1919. Functions: To do marine drafting work for the Office. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, MARINE HOSPITALS AND RELIEF DIVISION, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—Probably existed before the war. Functions: To extend hospital and out-patient relief to merchant seamenj-"EcToperate the National Leprosarium; and, during the post-armistice period, to pro- vide medical examinations and hospitalization for beneficiaries under acts administered by the Federal Board for Vocational Educa- tion and the Bureau of War Risk Insurance. In order to carry out the latter function the Division was subdivided into the following Sec- tions: Dental; X-Ray; Laboratory; Neuro-Psychiatry; Tuberculosis; Nursing; Dietetic; Construction; Reconstruction; and Dispensary. Almost all of these Sections disappeared when this function was transferred to the Veterans1 Bureau in 1921. Records; Reports of marine hospitals and relief stations and recorcis of inspections and investigations of such hospitals and stations for the period of the war are in NA. Other records, primarily case files relating to medical examinations and treatment of war veterans, were transferred to the Veterans* Bureau and are now in the Veterans* Administration. MARINE INSURANCE SECTION, Finance and Purchases Division, Railroad Administration.—Created on October 8, 1918. Probably discontinued with the Division on March 16, 1919, when its duties presumably were taken over by the Fire Loss and Protection Section of the Finance Division. Functions; To provide insurance against marine and war risks on vessels and floating equipment under Federal control and also on their cargoes. Records; Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. MARINE INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See MARITIME INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. MARINE INTELLIGENCE SECTION, Vessel Operation Branch, Water Trans- portation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See VESSEL OPERATION BRANCH. MARINE RAILWAY SECTION, DRYDOCK AND, Shipyard Plants Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— See DRYDOCK AND MARINE RAILWAY SECTION. MARINS SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established upon the creation of the Division in March 1918. Functions: To investigate the possibilities of the use of inland waterways and coastwise steamship services in order to re- lieve rail congestion. The Section handled all matters concerning port and railroad control and lighterage and car-floating facilities that involved contact with the Railroad Administration. Records; Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. MARINE SECTION”, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.—Created on February 15, 1918. Probably under the jurisdiction of the Marine Department from July 1 to September 1, 1918, when it was abolished. Functions: To supervise the operation of shipping under Federal 33U control and to coordinate water and railroad transportation. As- sisted by the Coastwise Steamship Advisory Committee. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. MARINE SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Probably existed from June 1918 through August 1919. Functions: To supervise repairs, attend sur- veys smd trial trips, and handle the arming and protection of ves- sels. Records; 1918-19 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports concerning protective apparatus on vessels. MARINE TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See COUNSEL'S OFFICE. MARINE TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in March 1919, prior to which time its functions were performed by the Export Department. Terminated in August 1920. Functions: To handle negotiations and accounts for the loading of steamers with commodi- ties sold for export by the Grain Corporation. Records: 1918-20 (U7 feet) in NA. Correspondence, storage records, and shipping pa- pers. (Records of marine transportation work prior to 1919 are inter filed with those of the Wheat Department.) MARINE TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Food Administration.—Established on March 3, 1918, and terminated in the spring of 1919. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to overseas transportation of food and supplies necessary for the production of food, to prevent congestion at various ports, and to map out a unified and coordinated program of imports. The Division acted as intermediary between the Shipping Board and the heads of the commodity divisions of the Food Adminis- tration, who were acquainted with the import requirements of the country. Records: 1918-19 (10 feet) in NA. Correspondence and re- ports of the Shipping Board relating to imports and of the Trans- portation Bureau of the War Trade Board relating to the consumption of food on ships. MARINE WORKERS DIVISION, STEVEDORES AND, Employment Service, Labor De partment.—See STEVEDORES AND MARINE WORKERS DIVISION. MARITIME DIVISION, ADMIRALTY AND, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department.—See ADMIRALTY AND MARITIME DIVISION. MARITIME INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Created by resolution of the Shipping Board on May 22, 1917; continued until May 1919, when it became the Shipping Information Department. Also referred to as the Marine In- telligence Department and the Ship Intelligence Department. Func- tions: To obtain, classify, and analyze information pertaining to coastwise trade, foreign trade other than that with the Allies, and vessel movements. Records; 1917-19 (interfiled with other records in the files of the Central Records and Information Bureau) in NA. MARITIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL, ALLIED.—See ALLIED MARITIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL. MARITIME TRANSPORT EXECUTIVE, ALLIED, Allied Maritime Transport Coun- cil.--See ALLIED MARITIME TRANSPORT EXECUTIVE. MARKET GRADES AND STANDARDS PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agriculture De- partment . —See POOD PRODUCTS INSPECTION SERVICE. 335 MARKET INSPECTION OF PERISHABLE FOODS PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—See FOOD PROTECTS INSPECTION SERVICE. MARKET SURVEYS, METHODS, AID COSTS PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agricul- ture Department.—See MARKETS BUREAU. MARKETING LIVESTOCK, MEATS, AND ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See MARKETS BUREAU. MARKETS BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—Established in 1913* Emer- gency functions, financed largely by the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, and supplementary appropriations of November 21, 1918, consisted to a considerable degree of the extension of ordi- nary work to new commodities and areas. Until the adoption of a divisional organization in the latter part of 1919, the dominant type of subunit was the "project.” Representative of the projects in existence on July 1, 1918, are the following; City Market Serv- ice; Cotton Testing; Emergency Traffic and Storage Assistance; Food Surveys of the United States; Foreign Market Investigations; Inves- tigation and Determination of Grain Standards; Market Inspection of Perishable Foods; Market News Services on (1) Butter, Cheese, Eggs, and'Poultry, (2) Fruits and Vegetables, (3) Grain, Hay, and Feeds, and (U) Livestock and Meats; Market Surveys, Methods, and Costs; Marketing Livestock, Meats, and Animal By-Products; Motor Trans- portation of Farm Products; Seed Reporting Service; and Transporta- tion and Storage, Emergency activities during the fiscal year 1919 generally were organized as projects that functioned in close con- nection with, or as parts of, units performing related normal duties. The Bureau was combined with the Bureau of Crop Estimates in 1921 to form the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, which in turn was com- bined with the Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics in 1922 to form the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Functions formerly performed by the Bureau of Markets are now performed mainly by the Agricultural Marketing Administration. Functions: To increase the production of agricultural commodities and to further the conserva- tion of such commodities, and also of transportation facilities, by providing information, demonstration, inspection, and regulatory services necessary to the organizing of efficient distribution of agricultural products and articles needed in agricultural production. To increase such production by distributing nitrate of soda to farm- ers; to inspect food supplies in behalf of the armed forces; to de- velop substitutes for fabrics used in aircraft manufacture and for other military purposes; and to promote post-war reconstruction of American agriculture by research and other work connected with for- eign markets. Records: 1913-22 (31ii feet) in NA. Include central correspondence files, which contain some material on war activities. Special war emergency correspondence files, 1917-19, which contained a large amount of correspondence with the Food and Railroad Adminis- trations, as well as with other agencies and private persons, were destroyed in 1926. References; Markets Bureau, What the Bureau of Markets Is Doing To Help in the War Emergency ([1918?). Processed). MATERIAL DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—In 1915 functions formerly performed in the Secretary's Office by the Aid for Material were transferred to the Naval Operations Office, where a Material Division was set up. This Division later became the Fleet Maintenance Division. Functions: To coordinate the work of navy yards and other naval industrial establishments; to study projects involving the expansion of navy yards; and to study the future mate- rial needs of the Navy. Records; In the Navy Department. 336 MATERIAL ORDER SECTION, Compensation Board, Navy Department.—Estab- lished soon after the creation of the Board on March 22, 1917. Functions; To analyze, compare, and record prices of material enter- ing into' the construction of vessels building on a cost-plus-profit basis for the Navy; to recommend action to be taken by the Board in approving those prices; and to recommend the authorization of "prog- ress payments" to be made by the shipbuilders to the various sub- contractors. Records: 1917-25 (139 feet) in NA. Include accession lists of orders received for approval, correspondence concerning prices, and copies of purchase orders for materials for vessels. MATERIAL SALES DIVISION, Surplus Property Department, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See SUPPLY AND SALES DIVISION, Con- struction Organization. MATERIAL SECTION, Supply and Sales Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on June 11, 1919, as a successor to the Purchasing and Production Section of the Supply Division. In the reorganization of the Supply and Sales Divi- sion on August 1, 1920, the functions of the Material Section were taken over by the Purchasing Department. On October 20, 1921, this Department was succeeded by the Material Section of the Material Sales Division, which was abolished with the Division on January 30, 1923. Functions: To exercise control over the operation of storage yards and warehouses over which the Supply and Sales Division had jurisdiction; to purchase shipbuilding supplies or materials if shortages existed; to insure adherence to manufacturing schedules by supply contractors; and to issue shipping instructions for the adequate distribution or storage of current shipbuilding supplies or materials. Records: In NA. Consolidated with the general files of the Supply and Sales Division. The "old" general file of the Division, 1917-2U (366 feet), includes correspondence, memoranda, and reports on the ordering, purchasing, transporting, allocating, inspecting, salvaging, canceling, appraising, listing, and selling of raw and finished shipbuilding*materials, equipment, machinery, instruments, and many types of supplies. MATERIALS BRANCH, Construction Division, War Department.—Created on May 2h, 1917, as the Materials and Transportation Branch in the Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred to the Construction Division on March 13, 1918. Operated through two Sections; Delivery and Procurement. Functions; To supervise the procurement, inspection, expediting, and delivery of materials mobilized through the Construction Division for use in construction work at hand; to cooperate with t)ie various committees and organi- zations formed to stabilize prices and keep in touch with the entire market throughout the country for the procurement of materials and articles required in construction work; and to confer with officials of the Railroad Administration and other transportation officials and organizations with a view to obtaining rolling equipment for the rapid movement of material and expediting the movement of cars. Records; Ip the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT SECTION, Chemical Research Division (Offense), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See TOXIC MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT SECTION. MATERIALS INFORMATION BRANCH, Requirements Division, Housing Corpora- tion.—Organized in May 1918 and abolished in 1919. Functions; To work with the Building Materials Section of the War Industries Board 337 on problems relative to standardization, conservation, and cen- tralized control pf materials; to inspect building materials; and to be responsible for the compliance of the housing projects with the recommendations of the War Industries Board. Records: 1918-19 (1 foot) in NA. Include correspondence, blueprints, and telegrams, interfiled with other records of the Requirements Division. MATERIALS PROCUREMENT BRANCH, Construction Division, Housing Corpora- tion.—Organized on April 15, 1918, in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department. Its work was divided among the Requisition, Materials, Traffic, and Priorities Sections. Abol- ished on April 15, 1919. Functions: To supervise the procurement of materials needed by the Corporation for construction purposes and to aid municipalities and private corporations in obtaining mate- rials needed for the extension of public utilities and transporta- tion facilities made necessary by the Corporation's projects. Rec- ords: 1918-19 (25 feet) in NA. Include requisitions for materials; records of the status of material shipments, modifications or can- celations of orders, waivers of damages for changes in orders, and allocation of field orders; and other papers concerning the procure- ment of materials. MATHEMATICS COMMITTEE, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 with E. H. Moore as Chairman. Became a part of the Division when it was or- ganized in 1918. Functions: To promote research and to advise on military problems involving higher mathematics. Records; In the National Research Council. MATTRESSES AND PILLOWS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Ad- visory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized on August 10, 1917, at the request of the Chairman of the Committee on Sup- plies. Functions taken over by the War Industries Board in the fall of 1917. Functions: To aid in the procurement of mattresses and pillows for the Army and Navy. Records; Some may be among those of the Council and of the Board in NA. MEASURES OF CONTROL AND GUARANTEES SUBCOMMITTEE, Reparation of Damages Commission, Peace Conference.—Appointed on February U, 1919. Con- sisted of one representative from each of the five Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan), and three members chosen to represent Belgium, Greece, and Poland. Held four meetings (Feb. 2ii-May 2, 1919). American representative, Bernard M. Baruch. Chairman, W, M, Hughes (of Great Britain). Functions; To recommend methods of obtaining reparations payments. Records? Probably some are in the State Department among those of the’ Ameri- can Commission to Negotiate Peace. MEAT AND MEAT POOD PRODUCTS SECTION, Inspection Branch, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created in March 1918. On October 19, 1918, it became part of the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage upon the transfer of the Inspection Branch to that Office. Functions; To have charge of the inspection, storage, and handling of meat and meat food prod- ucts at Army stations and ports of embarkation in the United States. Records: Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office In NA. MEAT DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in October 1917, at which time it absorbed the activities of the Animal Industry 338 Committee, established a short time before. The work of the Divi- sion was carried on through a Chicago, office known as the Meat Pur- chase Bureau. Terminated on December 31, 1918. Functions; To formulate policies and to regulate the margin of profit in the meat- packing industry by means of the licensing system; and to allot pur- chases of meat for the Amy, the Navy, and the Allies among the packing trade. Records: 1917-19 (60 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports from packers, records of allotments, "tenders" of available commodities to Allied purchasing agencies, questionnaires on the re- tail meat trade in Pennsylvania, and other records. MEAT INDUSTRY COMMISSION.—Appointed by the President on March 31, 1918, at the request of the Food Administrator. Composed of repre- sentatives of the Agriculture and Labor Departments, the Federal Trade Commission, the Tariff Commission, and the Food Administra- tion. Dissolved on May 27, 1918. Functions: To consider the meat industry in all its phases and to make recommendations as to the Government's wartime meat policy. Records: 1918 (2 inches in files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture) in NA. Include corre- spondence relating to meetings of the Commission, drafts of reports, memoranda from officials of the Agriculture Department, and papers of a subcommittee of the Commission. MEAT INSPECTION DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—The work of this Division had its origin in the Federal meat- inspection service which was established on August 30, 1890, and placed under the Inspection Division organized on April 1, 1891. On July 1, 1912, the Meat Inspection Division was created. Functions: During the war the Bureau, in addition to its regular inspection du- ties, reinspected the meat-food products furnished the Army and Navy; promoted a food-conservation movement in meat-packing establishments; and cooperated with the Food Administration, the War Trade Board, and the War Industides Board in carrying out their orders relative to the meat industry. Records; 1917-18 (16 feet) in NA among the general files of the Bureau. MEAT PURCHASE BUREAU, Food Administration.—See MEAT DIVISION MEATS AND FATS EXECUTIVE, INTERALLIED See INTERALLIED MEATS AND FATS EXECUTIVE. MEATS MARKET NEWS SERVICE, LIVESTOCK AND, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See LIVESTOCK AND MEATS MARKET NEWS SERVICE. MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT, Milling Division, Food Administration.—Organ- ized in January 1918; discontinued with the closing of the New York office of the Milling Division in July 1918. Functions: To assist - the mills in obtaining better extraction of flour* and thus to in- crease the food supply and prevent avoidable waste. Records: 1918 (6 feet) in NA. Correspondence. MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.— Probably created on July 1, 1918, taking over functions formerly per- formed by the Locomotive and Car Repair Sections. Probably abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To exercise juris- diction over car and locomotive repairs and tests for new devices; to consolidate mechanical terminal facilities; to enforce Federal laws relating to the safety of railway employees; to handle disputes not referred to the labor Division; and to standardize cars and loco- motives, in cooperation with the Committee on Standards for Locomo- tives and Cars. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Divi- sion in 193U. 339 MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT, Railway Engineering Division, Military Branch, Office o.f the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Existed by June 21, 1918. Functions: Through the several Departments of the Gen- eral Engineer Depot, to procure motive power and rolling stock for the use of the American Expeditionary Forces. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MECHANICAL DIVISION, CIVIL AND, Engineering and Purchasing Depart- ment, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Divi- sion, War Department.—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Canton- ment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred to the Construction Division upon its organization on March 13, 1918. Func- tions ; To prepare plans for mechanical engineering work at Army camps and cantonments. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engi- neers, War Department. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SECTION, Engineering Division, National Researci Council,—Created in 1918 under the chairmanship of W. J. Lester, Functions; To develop certain inventions for use in warfare. Among projects worked upon were the redesign of the original telescope signaling device, a dual control for airplanes, long-range small balloons, an armored motorcycle, a centrifugal gun, an improved car- buretor, a rotary internal-combustion engine, a parachute, and a walking-beam tractor for use on soft sand. Records; In the Nation- al Research Council. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch Construction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. MECHANICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Probably organized in the summer of 1917, al- though mechanical research had begun in April. In May 1918 a sepa- ration of Army and Navy research was effected within the Division. Transferred with the War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 23, 1918. Functions; To improve and standardize the mechani- cal parts of the Army and Navy gas masks; to develop special cloth- ing for the use of workmen in poison-gas factories; and to design trench fans and canisters. Records; In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 21-22 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). MECHANICAL, RUBBER, AND LEATHER GOODS SECTION, Machinery and Engineer- ing Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH. MECHANICAL SECTION, ELECTRICAL AND, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SECTION. MECHANICAL TRANSPORT COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. MECHANICAL UNIT, Technical Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See TECHNICAL BRANCH. 3U0 MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION BOARD.—Created by the New lands Law of July 1%, 1913. Consisted of a Commissioner, an Assistant Commis- sioner, and a third member appointed by the President. Abolished by an act of December 21, 1921. Functions: To intervene in rail- road wage disputes at or without the request of the interested par- ties. During the war, the Board's jurisdiction extended only to railroads not under Federal control (see RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION). Records: 1913-21 (combined with records of the Board of Arbitra- tion, 1898-1913, 3U feet) in NA. Include case records, reports, correspondence, press clippings, and railroad labor legislation data. References; Mediation and Conciliation Board, Report . ♦ . on Operations . . . 1913-1919 (Washington, 1920). MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917, but never active, as other governmental agencies were already available for the same work or were soon formed. Probably dis- solved about August 10, 1917. Functions; To obtain adjustment of disputes by mediation and conciliation and, when these failed, to bring about arbitration. Records; Some may be among those of the Council in NA. MEDIATION BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR BRANCH. MEDIATION COMMISSION, PRESIDENT'S.—See PRESIDENT'S MEDIATION COMMIS- SION. MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARDS COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed about November 8, 1917j ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions: To choose medical advisers for the Governors of the States, who in turn would help select and instruct the personnel of medical advisory and local draft boards and gener- ally supervise medical activities under the Selective Service Act. Records; Some may be among those of the Council in NA. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND VETERINARY SUPPLIES SEC- TION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPIIES BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIRE- MENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLEES BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Organized on January 18, 1919. Functioned through three Sections: Drugs and Medicinesj Medical, Hospital, and Surgical Suppliesj and Hospital Equipment and Supplies. Transferred to the. 3U1 Clothing and Equipage Branch as a Section about May 31, 1919. Functions; To negotiate and be responsible for t&e transfer or sale of surplus medical and hospital supplies. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1 of October 19, 1918. On November 15, in accordance with Supply Circular No. 102 of October 2k, 1918, the Supply and the Supply Depots Branches of the Finance and Supply Divi- sion, Surgeon General's Office, were transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, where their work was carried on by the Medical and Hospital Supplies Division. The Division functioned through an Administrative Branch and four procurement Branches; Drugs and Medicines; Hospital Equipment and Supplies; Medical, Hos- pital, and Surgical Apparatus; and Dental Instruments, Appliances, and Supplies. Still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions: To have charge of the procurement of medical and hospital supplies, the preparation and revision of specifications, and the revision of medi- cal supply tables. Records; Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT, COMMITTEE ON STANDARDI- ZATION OF, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.--See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. MEDICAL BOARD, GENERAL, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See GENERAL MEDICAL BOARD. MEDICAL BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION. MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND VETERINARY SUPPLIES SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established on May 19, 1919, and organized into the follow- ing Subsections; Domestic Distribution, Export Distribution, Re- plenishment, Stock Record, and Surplus Property. In the divisional reorganization of November 6, 1919, it was made a Branch. On May 19, 1920, it became the Medical and Hospital Division. Functions: To have charge of the storage and distribution of medical and hos- pital supplies and equipment and to determine surplus stocks. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Of- fice in NA. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, War Department.—See SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT TRAINING DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established on May 11, 1917. With the signing of the armistice, the need for special war training disappeared and the 3U2 Division was discontinued. Functions; To institute a comprehensive plan for the training of Medical Department personnel in basic mili- tary duties. Records? Probably with those of the Office in NA. MEDICAL DIVISION, Chemical Warfare Service, War Department.—Estab- lished to perform functions transferred from the Surgeon General's Office on June 28, 1918. Functions: To inspect gas factories and supervise protective measures against gas. Laboratories were main- tained at Yale University, the American University, the University of Wisconsin, and Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland. Records: In the War Department*. MEDICAL DIVISION, Provost Marshal General’s Office, War Department.— Organized in 1918. Discontinued by July 15, 1919. Functions; To handle matters relating to rules and regulations covering physical requirements and the examination of registrants and, in cooperation with the Administration Division, matters regarding the medical aides assigned to State headquarters and the local medical advisory boards. Records; With those of the Office in NA, MEDICAL DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—On August 20, 1918, provision was made for a Medical Division under the supervision of the Medical Advisor of the Bureau, "who shall be an officer detailed from the United States Public Health Service, and shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury.” Through this Division the Public Health Service provided treatment for disabled men. In existence until the Bureau was abolished on August 9, 1921. Functions; To serve as liaison agent for the medical work of the Bureau, and to act in an advisory capacity to the other divisions of the Bureau. Records; In the Veterans' Administration. MEDICAL DIVISION, AIR SERVICE, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See AIR SERVICE MEDICAL'DIVISION. MEDICAL EDUCATION SECTION, Personnel Division, Surgeon General's Of- fice, War Department.—Originated as a result of the Selective Serv- ice Regulations of 1917, which provided for the administration of the Selective Service Act. Functions; To administer a plan to pro- vide competent medical officers for the Army by allowing medical students the privilege of enlisting in the Medical Reserve Corps, thereby allowing them to continue their studies without being sub- ject to the draft. This privilege was also extended to dentists, dental students, hospital internes, veterinarians, and veterinary students. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MEDICAL INDUSTRY SECTION, War Industries Board,—Organized on June 2, 1918, taking over some of the functions of the Medical Section of the Council of National Defense. Discontinued on December 31, 1918, F. F, Simpson, Chief. Functions: To find sources of medicines, drugs, and medical and surgical supplies; to aid in the conservation of these supplies; and to furnish the industry with information re- lative to administrative rulings. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Included are copies of War Department contracts for medical supplies, questionnaires pertaining to surgical instruments, and card records of supplies (21 feet). MEDICAL MUSEUM, ARMY, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. 3U3 MEDICAL RECORDS SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established prior to the -war. It was first known as the Medical Records Division and was attached to the Sanitation Division for administrative purposes. It apparently soon became a Section of the Division. An Anthropology Subsection was created on July 23, 1918, for the purpose of obtaining the highest possible accuracy in anthropological statistics of recruits. The personnel of the Section was gradually reduced in 1920. Functions: To record and file reports of sick and wounded; to code cards and prepare per- manent statistical tables of sickness and injury; and to collect and tabulate data regarding physical examinations and discharges for disability. The* statistics on sick and wounded represented the final and accurate figures, as opposed to the statistics compiled by the Current Statistics Section. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MEDICAL RELIEF COMMITTEE, HEALTH AND, Operation Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—See HEALTH AND MEDICAL RELIEF COMMITTEE. MEDICAL SECTION, Coimcil of National Defense.—Organized early in 1917. Served as the administrative office for the Medicine and Sanitation Committee of the Advisory Commission. About June 2, 1918, many of the functions of the Section were transferred to the newly created Medical Industry Section of the War Industries Board, but it con- tinued to exist in an advisory capacity until the end of the war. Both sections were headed by F. F. Simpson. Functions: To study the material medical resources of the country with a view to the standardization and stabilization of medical products, the speeding up of industry, and the curtailment of demands resulting from civil- ian medical activities. Records; Correspondence, reports from manufacturers, mailing lists, and other records are in NA. Include a manuscript entitled "Information Regarding the Correlated Activi- ties of the Council of National Defense and Advisory Commission, the Medical Departments of Government, and the Committee of American Phy- sicians for Medical Preparedness." MEDICAL SECTION, Military Aeronautics Division, War Department.—See MILITARY AERONAUTICS DIVISION. MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS CENTRAL GOVERNING BOA®, VOLUNTEER, General Medi- cal Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See VOLUNTEER MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS CENTRAL GOVERNING BOA®. MEDICAL SUBDIVISION, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918. Functioned through the following five Sections in November 1918: Equipment Assembly; Requisition; Stock Control; Requirements, Procurement, and Purchase; and Zone Depots and Camp Depots. In existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abol- ished. Functions: To control the issue, distribution, and storage of medical, dental, veterinary, X-ray, and laboratory supplies and equipment; and to determine and report surplus stocks. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MEDICAL SUBDIVISION, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— 3hh Established on November 1, 1918, but did not function until January 13, 1919. In existence when the Division was merged in the Overseas Supply Division on February 1, 1919. Functions; To be responsible for the filling of requisitions for medical supplies for overseas shipment and for the movement of these supplies to ports of embar- kation. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in NA. MEDICAL SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, Jar Department.—By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9 of October 2?, 1918, there was established in the Division a Medical Branch, which became the Medical Subdivision about November 22, 1913. This unit was in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of medical supplies through ports of embarkation for overseas forces and to regulate the movement of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General's Office in NA. MEDICAL ZOOLOGY COMMITTEES, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council.—These Committees, organized in 1917, consisted of an Entomology Committee, headed by L. 0. Howard; a Helminthology Committee, headed by H. B. Ward; and a Protozoology Committee, headed by C. A. Kofoid. Functions; Conducted hookworm investigations, studied the treatment for giardiasis, and made in- vestigations of the control of lice and their eggs and of measures to prevent infestation which resulted in the development of effec- tive insecticides and methods of delousing. Records; In the Nation al Research Council. MEDICINE AND HYGIENE COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Divi- sion, National Research Council.—Organized in 1917 with Victor C. Vaughan as Chairman. Placed under the Medicine and Related Sci- ences Division in 1918. In the same year its Psychiatry Subcom- mittee, appointed in 1917, became the Neurology and Psychiatry Com- mittee of the Division. At the time of the armistice the two fol- lowing Si’bcoramittees were active; Standardization of Transfusion Methods and Treatment of Chronic Anemia. Functions; Activities that the Committee supervised or organized included the preparation of antitoxins and serums for diphtheria, tetanus, pneumonia, dysen- tery, and meningitis; researches on smallpox vaccination, typhoid fever vaccines, the sterilization of drinking water, and the preser- vation of food; louse investigations; and studies of native medici- nal plants, new antiseptics, shock, fatigue, and occupational dis- eases of munitions workers. Records; In the National Research Council. MEDICINE AND RELATED SCIENCES DIVISION, National Research Council.— Created in February 1918 around the nucleus of committees already engaged in medical activities that were appointed under the original Council organization, Richard M. Pearce, Chairman. At the time of the armistice the following Committees were active; Anatomy, Anthro- pology, Biochemistry, Industrial Poisonings, Medical Zoology, Medi- cine and Hygiene, Neurology and Psychiatry, Physiology, and Psy- chology. In addition, there was an Advisory Committee on the Tox- icity of Preserved Foods. In the peacetime organization of the Coun- cil, established in 1919, the Division was succeeded by the Medical 3U5 Sciences Division -under the chairmanship of Henry A. Christian. Functions: To mobilize civilian medicine and research facilities for.aid in the solution of problems related to national defense and the conduct of the war. This was accomplished by close cooperation with the Surgeons General of the Army and the Navy and the support of scientific investigators throughout the country. Problems to be investigated were determined with the advice of the War, Navy, and Labor Departments. Usually the committee plan was followed in con- ducting investigations but in some cases independent workers gave their time and facilities. The following were among the many prob- lems dealt with: Traumatic shock, control of lice and their eggs, prevention of postoperative neuromata in amputation stumps, native medicinal plants, production of acetone, industrial poisonings, and influenza. Records: In the National Research Council. MEDICINE AND SANITATION COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—One of the seven committees of the Advisory Com- mission, originating in the appointment on October 11, 1916, of Dr. Franklin Martin as Chairman. It operated through the Medical Sec- tion of the Council, headed by F. F. Simpson, and through two main committees, the General Medical Board and the Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, with their various subcommittees. Ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions; To serve as a liaison agent between the medical pro- fession and the manufacturers of medical supplies and equipment of the country and the Government. Records; Some have been destroyed under Congressional authorization; others are among those of the Council in NA, including records concerning medical and surgical supplies and equipment and a large quantity of card records of phy- sicians and nurses. MEDICINE AND SURGERY BUREAU, Navy Department.—Created in 18U2. Headed by the Surgeon General of the Navy. Functions; To be responsible for the maintenance of the health of the Navy, the inspection of sanitary conditions, and the care of the sick and injured; the pro- fessional education and training of officers, nurses, and enlisted men of the Medical Department; and the upkeep and operation of naval hospitals, medical supply depots, medical laboratories, the Naval Medical Center, and technical schools. Records; In the custody of the Navy Department. Some for the war period are located in the National Archives Building, however, including Journals and ab- stracts of patients on ships and at shore stations and hospitals, dental treatment and operations records, surgical operations rec- ords, and hospital rosters. References; W. C. Braisted, "Activi- ties of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery During the European War" ([1919?]. Manuscript in the Office of Naval Records and Library). MEDICINE AND SURGERY COMMITTEE, INDUSTRIAL, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Committee, Council of National Defense.—See INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY COMMITTEE. MEDICINE DIVISION, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.—In the reorganization of the Office in November 1918, the three Divisions of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Psychiatry, and Psychology were consolidated into the Division of Medicine, which had the following four Sections: Internal Medicine, Tuberculosis, Neuropsychiatry, and Psychology. This reorganization was for the purpose of conven- ience in office administration and changed in no essential the scope or character of the work or personnel of the divisions. On Septem- ber 9, 1919, the Internal Medicine and Psychology Sections were made 3U6 Sections of the Hospital Division. Functions; To direct and supervise the professional medical work in the base and general hospitals; to institute methods to insure care and accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary conditions; to conduct neuropsycniatrlc examinations; to proyide a general intelligence classification in the Army; and to be responsible for the selection, training, and assignment of personnel. Records: Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA, MEDICINE DIVISION, INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND, Working Conditions Service, Labor Department.—See INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND MEDICINE DIVISION. MEDICINE DIVISION, INTERNAL, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See INTERNAL MEDICINE DIVISION. MEDICINE SUBCOMMITTEE, INTERNAL, Standardization of Medical and Sur- gical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGE GAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COM- MITTEE. MEN'S WORK SECTION, Social Hygiene Division, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—Created in the latter part of 1917. Functions: To stimulate the enforcement of existing laws against prostitution and to have new ones passed where needed to curb vice and liquor selling; and to promote education in industrial estab- lishments about venereal diseases. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. MERCHANDISE DEPARTMENT, Sales Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.—Or- ganized in August 1918. Prior to this date the functions assigned to this Department were performed by the General Business Depart- ment of the Trusts Bureau, Abolished with the Sales Bureau in 1920. Functions: To have charge of the custocfy- and sale of seized enemy merchandise and of the collection of accounts and bills receivable. Records: In NA, intermingled with those of the Corporation Manage- ment Division of the Custodian, MERCHANT AND PRIVATE VESSELS APPRAISAL BOARD, Navy Department.—Ap- pointed under authority of the Naval Appropriation Act of March U, 1917, which gave the Navy Department power to commandeer vessels needed for naval use. Consisted of three naval officers and three civilian experts. Headquarters in New York City. The Board was assisted by local boards of appraisal appointed by the Department. An act of June 15, 1917, authorized the Navy Department to take possession of vessels subject to the payment of Just compensation to the owners, the compensation to be determined by the President, and on July 2, 1917, the President issued an order designating this Board to carry out the provisions of the act. The Board was there- after sometimes referred to as the "Board to Determine the Price or Just Compensation for Vessels Purchased or Taken Over," but it con- tinued to be generally known by the former name of Board of Appraisal for Merchant and Private Vessels. Succeeded after the war by the Board of Review, Functions; To appraise and fix a fair value, based upon reports submitted by the local boards, for vessels considered by the Navy Department for purchase or charter; later, under the provisions of the act of June 15, 1917, mentioned above, to deter- mine a reasonable price or Just compensation for ships purchased or requisitioned by the Navy Department. Recordst Among those of the Board of Review in NA. References: Navy Department, Annual Report, 1918, p. 121. 3U7 MERCHANT MARINE SPECIAL COMMITTEE, MANNING AMERICAN, Planning and Statistics Division, Shipping Board.—See MANNING AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE SPECIAL COMMITTEE. MERCHANT VESSEL JOINT BOARD.--See JOINT MERCHANT VESSEL BOARD. MESS, CAMP, AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established on December 31, 1913, as a successor to the Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch. On January 1, 1919, it took over part of the functions of the Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch. Functioned through six Sections,as follows: Kitchen Uten- sils; Beds, Stoves, and Heating; Athletic Equipment; Field Bakery Equipment; Brushes and Brooms; and Records. In existence when the Division became a Branch of the Regular Supplies Division about August 18, 1919. Functions; To have charge of the procurement of field kitchens, brushes and brooms, athletic equipment, and beds and stoves. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MESS EQUIPMENT AND METAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Equipment Section, Procure- ment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ALUMI- NUM AND MESS EQUIPMENT SECTION, Equipment Division. MESS EQUIPMENT SECTION, Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See KITCHEN AND CAMP EQUIPMENT BRANCH. METAL SECTION, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Jar Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. METALLURGICAL BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated on September 6, 1917, as the Metallurgical Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division. Operated only in an advisory capacity until January lit, 1918, when it became the Metallurgical Branch of the Executive Section, Inspection Divi- sion, with enlarged functions. On June 1, 1918, it was given con- trol of all forging matters, and thereafter it operated through the following Groups; Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, and Executive. Functions; To supervise metallurgical inspection; to supervise the work of testing engineers and chemists; to prepare instructions to field inspectors, testing engineers, and chemists; and to check and main- tain records of the metallurgical work done on materials, such rec- ords to include data on chemical analysis, physical tests, heat treating, and process of manufacture. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. METALLURGICAL DIVISION, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Probably in existence before the war. Functions: To conduct investigations for the prevention of waste in the utilization of minerals. War work was performed chiefly by the Metallurgy and Concentration of War Material Section and by the Oxygen Furnace Section. Cooperated with the Bureau of Standards, the War and Navy Departments, and the War Industries Board. Records: Probably in the Lines Bureau. METALLURGICAL MATTERS COMMITTEE, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—Appointed on August lii, 1918. Consisted of three officers and three civilians. Its decisions were reported to the Engineering 3U8 Bureau after approval by the Chief of Ordnance. On September 16, 1918, it took over the functions- formerly performed by the "Board to Consider Specifications and Production of Small Arms." Dis- solved on December 20, 1918. Functions: To consider methods of selection, manufacture, and testing of metallurgical material used in the production of ordnance goods and supplies. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. METALLURGICAL UNIT, Technical Branch, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See TECHNICAL BRANCH. METALLURGY AND CONCENTRATION OF WAR MATERIAL SECTION, Metallurgical Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See METALLURGICAL DIVI- SION. METALLURGY COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—Proba- bly created early in 1916. Consisted of four members; J. W. Richards and Lawrence Addicks, Chairmen successively.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. METALLURGY DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department.—Estab- lished in 1913., Functions; To conduct researches on the thermal analysis and structure of metals and on heat treatment and its ef- fect upon the properties of metals and alloys. During the war it cooperated with the War and Navy Departments and with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in solving various problems deal- ing with metals. Records: In the National Bureau of Standards. METALLURGY SECTION, Engineering Division, National Research Council.— Established in 1918 under the chairmanship of Bradley Stoughton. Functions: V/brked chiefly through committees created to attack specific problems, such as the development of a pyrometer for use in the manufacture of steel, practices in making steel ingots, fa- tigue of metals, and protective body armor. Records: In the Nation- al Research Council. METALS, COMMITTEE OH IMPROVEMENT OF BY TREATMENT AT BLUE HEAT, Metal- lurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.— See IMPROVEMENT OF METALS BY TREATMENT AT BLUE HEAT COMMITTEE. METALS AND HEAVY HARDWARE BRANCH, Hardware and Metals Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, War Department.—Created on July 17, 1918. On October 19, 1918, transferred to the General Supplies Divi- sion, Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, where it became known as the Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch. Functions; To procure metals and heavy hardware. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. METALS COMMITTEE, RAW MATERIALS, MINERALS, AND, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.--See RAW MATERIALS, MINERALS, AND MET- ALS COMMITTEE. METALS DIVISION, HARDWARE AND, Quartermaster General's Office, War De- partment.—See HARDWARE AND METALS DIVISION. METALS SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See PURCHASE DIVISION. 3U9 METALS SECTION, Waste Materials Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See WASTE MATERIALS BRANCH. METALS SECTION, NON-FERROUS, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See NON-FERROUS METALS SECTION. METALS SECTION, NON-FERROUS, Raw Materials Division, War Industries Board.--See NON-FERROUS METALS SECTION. METEOROLOGICAL DIVISION, AGRICULTURAL, Weather Bureau, Agriculture De- partment.—See AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGICAL DIVISION. METEOROLOGICAL SECTION, Special Service Division, Chief Signal Offi- cer's Office, War Department.—In August 1917 the Chief of the Sci- ence and Research Division was instructed to submit plans for an Army meteorological and aerological service, and as a result this Section was organized in September 1917. Functions; To furnish and administer meteorological service for the Army overseas and in the United States. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MEXICAN RELATIONS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in Decem- ber 1917; terminated in December 1918. George J. McCarthy, Chief. Functions: To advise the State Department and the War Trade Board concerning the amount of foodstuffs that could be exported to Mexico and to cooperate with the War Trade Board in issuing licenses for such exports. Records; 1917-18 (17 inches) in NA. Correspondence. MIGA COOPERATIVE COOtITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee about May 1, 1917, and dissolved in the late summer or fall of that year. Functions; To keep the Committee on Haw Materials, Minerals, and Metals informed as to the mica situation. Records; Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. MICA SECTION, Chemicals Division War Industries Board.—Organized in June and discontinued on Decera»*u 1918. Functions; To procure adequate supplies of mica for Government needs; to handle allotments among Government contractors; and to regulate prices. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.— Established in 190$. Functions; To study the relation of home can- ning to food poisoning, with special reference to botulism; methods of conserving perishable products other than by canning, such as by brining, salting, and fermentation; the utilization of waste pro- ducts in the manufacture of home-made vinegar; and the production of much needed chemicals through the action of bacteria. Records: Those in NA for the war period are chiefly in the general files of the Bureau, but correspondence and reports on projects to investi- gate conditions of evaporated and condensed milk in 1918 are in its special files. MICROCHEMICAL LABORATORY, Ghenrstry Bureau, Agriculture Department.— Established by order of the Secretary of Agriculture in 190U. Functions; To examine samples of cloths for thread count and ply of thread, in collaboration with the Leather and Paper Laboratory; to examine paper for stock determination; to analyze food products 350 for their ingredients and for the presence of glass; and to assist the Sanitary Corps of the Army in the detection of adulteration in foods. Records; Those for the war period are interfiled with rec- ords of the Bureau in NA. MILITARY AERONAUTICS DIVISION, War Department.—This unit had a com- plicated history. By order of the Secretary of War on April 2k, 1918, a Division of Military Aeronautics and a Bureau of Aircraft Production were established in the Office of the Chief Signal Offi- cer. Following the passage of the Overman Act, the President by Executive Order No. 2862, May 20, 1918, relieved the Signal Corps of its aviation work, except for the design and manufacture of radio apparatus for aeronautical purposes, and divided, the control of aviation matters between the Division and the Bureau as separate units of the Department under the direction of the Secretary of War. By Executive Order No. 3066, March 19, 1919, these units were con- solidated under the Director of the Air Service. Functions: To control the operations and maintenance of military aircraft and the training of aviation personnel. Functioned through a Control Board and the following Sections: Executive, Medical, Operations, Person- nel, Supply, Technical, and Training. Records; In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department. [MILITARY AND NAVAL INSURANCE] ADVISORY BOARD TO THE BUREAU OF WAR RISK INSURANCE, Treasury Department.—Established on December lit, 1917, under authority granted by an act of October 6, 1917* Con- sisted of three members expert in the "practice of insurance against death or disability," who served on a per diem basis. Functioned to a limited degree until the Bureau was abolished on August 9, 1921. Functions: To assist the Division of Military and Naval Insurance in fixing premium rates and adjusting insurance and compensation claims. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References to the Board and evidence of its work are to be found in the files of the Director in the Veterans' Administration. MILITARY AND NAVAL INSURANCE DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—Established by an act of October 6, 1917. The rapid growth of the Bureau during 1917-18 and the magnitude of the program for which the Military and Naval Insurance Division was responsible made necessary the establishment of separate adminis- trative divisions to handle the Division's several functions. It appears to have been found impractical to group all of these ad- ministrative units under the Division of Military and Naval Insur- ance, and by August 1918 the name of the Division had disappeared from th'e organizational scheme of the Bureau. Functions: To ad- minister the following three distinct parts of the military and naval insurance program for the benefit of persons in the armed forces: (1) Allotment of pay and supplementary allowances by the Government for the support of dependents, (2) life insurance, and (3) compensation for disability incurred in line of duty. Records: Certain of those relating to administration are to be found in the files of the Director of the Bureau in the Veterans' Administration. For the most part records relating to particular functions are inter filed with those of the divisions of the Veterans' Bureau and Veter- ans' Administration charged with the same or similar functions. Other records relating to individual veterans form the basis for the various case file series in the Veterans' Administration. MILITARY ATTACHES SECTION, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See POSITIVE BRANCH. 351 MILITARY BRANCH, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Established on April 6, 1917, and organized into the following units: Administrative Division, Camouflage Section, Drafting Division, Electrical and Mechanical Section, Engineer Motor Transportation Service, Enlisted Personnel Division, Equipment and Construction Division, Equipment and Operations Division, Forestry Section, Forti- fication and Mapping Division, General Construction Section, Mining and Quarrying Section, Personnel Division, Railroad Division, Rail- way Engineering Division, Record Division, Sound and Flash Ranging Section, Surveying and Printing Section, and Water Supply Section. The Brainch was abolished some time in 1918, and many of its duties were transferred to the Troop Division. Also known as the Fortifi- cation Division. Functions t To coordinate the military activities of the Office. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MILITARY COMMITTEE, National Research Council.--See MILITARY DIVISION. MILITARY CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established prior to February 2li, 1919, to assume some of the duties formerly assigned to the Equipment and Construction Division, Military Branch. Operated through the following Sections: Drafting; Fortification, Design, and Construction; and Military Map- ping. Functions: To handle the design and construction of fortifi- cations and military mapping. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MILITARY DIVISION, National Research Council.—Organized as the Mili- tary Section in 1916 and became the Military Committee in January 1917. Consisted of representatives of the Array and Navy and the technical branches of the Government, under the chairmanship of Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In the war organization of the Council it became the Military Division. Functions; Served as an important agent in bringing about coopera- tion between the Array, the Navy, and other agencies of the Govern- ment; formulated a large number of military research problems for investigation by other branches of the Council; and was instrumental in the organization of the Research Information Committee (later the Research Information Service) and in bringing about the weekly con- ferences on war problems held by the Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division and the Engineering Division. Records; In the National Research Council. MILITARY ENTERTAINMENT COUNCIL, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—Probably organized in 1917. Functions; To arrange for the sale of "smileage" books through volunteer agents throughout the country, more than a half million dollars worth of which were used by soldiers to obtain admission to entertainments within camp limits. Records; In the General Staff,.War Department. MILITARY HISTORY AND STATISTICS BRANCH, Commissioned Personnel Section, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— Originated about January lU, 1913, as the Military History Unit of the Commissioned Personnel Branch of the Personnel Section, General Administration Bureau. Later became the Military History and Statis- tics Branch of the Commissioned Personnel Section, Administration Division. Its functions were taken over on November 1, 1918, by the Personnel Branch of the Operations Division, General Staff. Functions; To maintain the military history and statistics of the commissioned personnel of the Ordnance Department. Records; Proba- bly with thtqse of the Office in NA. 352 MILITARY HISTORY SECTION, GENERAL, Historical Branch, War Flans Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL MILITARY HISTORY SECTION. MILITARY INFORMATION UNIT, General Control Branch, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See GENERAL CON- TROL BRANCH. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, General Staff, War Department.—From 133$ until 1903 there existed a Military Information Division re- sponsible to The Adjutant General. Upon the establishment of the General Staff in 1903 this Division was transferred to it, and its organizational status underwent various changes, until a Military Intelligence Section was created by an order dated May 3, 1917. Upon the General Staff reorganization of February 9, 1913, by Gen- eral Orders No. lU, the Military Intelligence Section was placed under the new Executive Division, and upon a second reorganization, effected by General Orders No. 80, August 26, 1918, it became a Division. Operated through Branches: Geographic, Positive, and Negative, each of which was further subdivided into sections. The officer in charge, who was designated as the Director of Mili- tary Intelligence, was also Chief Military Censor. Functions: The so-called "positive" functions had to do with the maintenance of daily revised estimates concerning the military and economic situation throughout the world and the collection, collation, and distribution of military intelligence; the "negative" functions had to do with measures to prevent information from reaching the enemy and to prevent sabotage. Records: 1917-30 (639 feet) in HA. Include records of personal investigations and of the adminis- tration of censorship and plant protection during the war, and also reports of military attaches accredited to foreign governments, 1913-30. MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Probably in existence before the war. Functioned through the following Sections: Special Opinions, Dismissals and Capital Sen- tences, Penitentiary Sentences and Officers' Cases not Involving Dismissal, Disciplinary Barracks Sentences, Retained-in-Service Sen- tences, Clemency and Restoration, Statistical, Board of Review, and Conscientious Objectors. Functions: To pass upon, in an advisory capacity, questions arising in the administration of justice by general courts martial, courts of inquiry, and military commissions. Records; In the Judge Advocate General's Office. MILITARY MAPPING SECTION, Equipment and Construction Division, Mili- tary Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Created as a result of the transfer on September 29, 1917, of the map files from the Administrative Division to the Equipment and Construction Division. By an office circular of July 8. 1918, it was merged into the newly created Fortification and Mapping Divi- sion. Functions: To preserve and reproduce maps for the Engineer Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MILITARY MAPPING SECTION, Military Construction Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established prior to Feb- ruary 2U, 1919, to assume the mapping duties formerly assigned to the Fortification and Mapping Division of the Military Branch. Functions: To supervise military operations connected with mapping and the procurement of the necessary personnel. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. 353 MILITARY MOBILIZATION SECTION, Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized in 1918. Functions: To collect historical data upon mobilization, replacement, supply, and demobilization. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. MILITARY OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENT SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—Organized on March l£, 1918, to deal with commodities formerly handled by the Small Tools Section. Discontinued on December 6, 1918. Functions; To survey the indus- try for nonessential work that might be eliminated, and to super- vise it so that military requirements might be met. Records; 1918 (16 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence, correspondence concerning requests for permission to fill optical glass contracts and concerning shipments, lists of Government and Allied require- ments, records of clearance requests, and blueprints of instruments Other records may be in the "consolidated files" of the Board. MILITARY ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established on August 17, 1917. Became the Orthopedic Surgery Section of the Surgery Division on November 30, 1918, in compliance with Office Order No. 97. Functions; To study and recommend a comprehensive plan for the organization and equipment of orthopedic hospitals for reconstruction purposes, and to handle all phases of orthopedic work in the military service. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MILITARY PUBLICATIONS SECTION, Equipment and Operations Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— See EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS DIVISION. MILITARY RAILWAYS DIRECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Originated in the appointment on July 17, 1917, of a Director General of Railways by the Secretary of War, responsible to the Chief of Engineers. The title of this of- ficial was changed on January 1, 1918, to Director General of Mili- tary Railways in order to avoid confusion with the newly appointed Director General of Railroads of the United States Railroad Adminis tration. Functioned through a Personnel Division and a Material Division. Abolished upon the reorganization of the War Department under the National Defense Act of 1920. Functions; To procure personnel, materials, and supplies for Army railroad operations in France. Records: With those of the Office of the Chief of Engi- neers in NA. MILITARY RELIEF DEPARTMENT, American National Red Cross War Coun- cil.—See AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS VfAR COUNCIL. MILITARY TRANSPORTATION BOARD, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED MILI- TARY TRANSPORTATION BOARD. MILITIA AFFAIRS DIVISION, NAVAL, Navigation Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—See NAVAL MILITIA AFFAIRS DIVISION. MILITIA BUREAU, War Department.—Established by General Orders No. 2I4, July 6, 1916, pursuant to the provisions of an act of June 3, 1916. Essentially, the Bureau represented a reorganization of the former Division of Militia Affairs (or Militia Division). Functions: To perform administrative duties involving the organi- zation, armament, instruction, equipment, discipline, training, 3& inspection, and payment of the National Guard; its preparation for participation in field exercises and maneuvers of the Regular Army; its mobilization in time of peace; and matters pertaining to the National Guard not in Federal service. When the National Guard was "Federalized” on August 5, 1917, the States took steps to organize Home Guard organizations to protect public utilities and other prop- erty, and these Home Guards were placed in the charge of the Militia Bureau. These Guards were authorized by Presidential proclamation of November 16, 1917. Records: Account books and related papers for the period of the war are in NA. Other records are in the War Department. MILK, BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, AND FRESH VEGETABLES BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. MILK COMMISSIONS, FEDERAL, Food Administration.—See FEDERAL MILK COM- MISSIONS. MILK, ICE, AND COAL DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See DISTRIBUTION OF MILK, ICE, AND COAL COMMITTEE. MILK SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Administration.—Organ- ized in October 1917. Merged in October 1918 with the Canned Milk Section of the Canned Foods Division and with the Butter and Cheese Section of the Perishable Foods Division to form the Dairy Products Division. Functions: To regulate the production, distribution, and standards of milk. The Section did not have the power to fix prices to the producers, but in November 1917 regional commissions, known as Federal Milk Commissions, were established under its super- vision to hold hearings on the cost of production and distilbution of milk and to recommend prices, which were usually accepted. Rec- ords : 1917-18 (5 feet) in NA. Include correspondence and steno- graphic reports of hearings. MILK SECTION, CANNED, Canned Foods Division, Food Administration See CANNED MILK SECTION, Canned Foods Division. MILK SECTION, GANIED, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Admin- istration.—See CANNED MILK SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Divi- sion. MULL SCHEDULE DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in August 1918. Cooperated with the Cereal Division of the Food Administra- tion and with the State Food Administrators. Terminated in January 1919. Functions: To compute, on the basis of varying freight rates, "fair price schedules" or maximum prices for flour and feed sold by mills throughout the United States. Records; 1918 (20 feet) in NA. Copies of fair price schedules and related corre- spondence and record cards. MILLING DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in June 1917 as the Milling Committee, The United States was divided into nine divi- sions, with a committee, headed by a chairman, in each division. The nine chairmen comprised the central committee. The entire or- ganization became the Milling Division on August 15, 1917. It in- cluded Auditing, Export, Mechanical, and Statistical Departments. Headquarters were established in New York. Most of the functions 533477 0 - 43 - 24 355 were transferred to the Milling Section of the Cereal Division on July 25, 1918. Functions: To administer regulations, to obtain agreements, and to act as intermediary between mills and the Food Administration; and to assist the Ajrmy, the Navy, and the Allies in meeting their grain requirements. Work was carried on through the voluntary cooperation of the millers. After June 1918 the Flour Department of the Grain Corporation negotiated the purchase of wheat and other flours from the millers. Records; 1917-18 (71 feet) in NA, Correspondence, drafts of milling regulations, bulle- tins, clippings, and weekly reports. KILLING SECTION, Cereal Division, Food Administration.—Established on July 1, 1918, to continue the work of the Milling Division. It operated through .the Grain Corporation zone representatives and a Milling Advisory Committee, which included the former divisional chairmen of the Milling Division. Abolished in January 1919. Func- tions: To obtain the cooperation of the milling industry in carry- ing out milling plans for the 1918 crop. Records: 1918-19 (11 feet) in NA. Correspondence and monthly reports of wheat-flour millers. Related records are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolu- tion, and Peace. MINE TRACK COMMITTEE, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.— Organized on August 2ii, 1918, to carry on functions previously per- formed by the Technical Adviser to the Fuel Administrator. Discon- tinued in November 1918. Also known as the Mine Track Bureau. Functions; To consider applications for mine sidings and to pass on the advisability of opening new coal workings. The Committee ad- vised the Railroad Administration, the Capital Issues Committee, and other agencies concerning its findings. Records: 1918-19 (1 foot) in NA. Chiefly correspondence. MINERAL IMPORTS AND EXPORTS COMMITTEE. —Organized by the Division of Planning and Statistics of the Shipping Board on February 28, 1918. Represented the Shipping, War Trade, and War Industries Boards. It went out of existence as an official committee of the Shipping Board on June 7, 1918, and through a cooperative arrangement con- tinued to function under the supervision of the War Industries Board. The new organization terminated on January 1, 1919, but a small group of the Shipping Board's technical assistants worked in cooperation with the Division of Mineral Resources of the Geologi- cal Survey until March 1919 in order to complete certain studies on mineral imports and exports. This Division took over part of the Committee's records. Edwin F. Gay, Director. Functions; To assist in formulating programs relative to the importation and exportation of minerals, especially in regard to a more effective use of shipping facilities. Records: 1918-19 (7 1/2 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, memoranda, and mimeographed and printed material, including bulletins, journals, and other publications of the War Trade, War Industries, and Shipping Boards; copies of War Trade Board rulings (1917-19); embargo recommendations of the Committee; data on mineral reserves, production, resources, and other like information, and information on mineral imports during January, April, and May 1918; and an index to Executive orders and all other regulations and rulings on imports and exports (1917-19). Part of the Committee's records are combined with certain records of the Joint Information Board on Minerals and Derivatives and of the Mineral Resources Division of the Geological Survey, in a mineral subject file of 8 1/2 feet, in NA. 356 MINERAL RELIEF COMMISSION, WAR, Interior Department.—See WAR MINER- AL RELIEF COMMISSION. MINERAL RESOURCES DIVISION, Geologic Branch, Geological Survey, In- terior Department.—Established before the war. In 192$ it was incorporated into the Bureau of Mines. Functions: During the war, to serve as the primary source of information concerning the miner- al production of the United States, especially as to statistics, conditions, and prospects of production; to prepare and release this information in the form of reports, special press bulletins, and reviews of conditions; to advise Government agencies as to Al- lied and enemy mineral resources, their extent, location, and utili- zation; and to give special assistance to the mining industry and miners. Records: 1917-19 (U l/2 feet) in NA. Consist of the corre spondence and data files of Edson S. Qastin, Geologist in Charge of the Section on Cooperation, February 1918-January 1919, and of F. J. Katz, Assistant Chief of the Division, January-September 1919. Also in NA are some records of the Division that were combined with certain records of the Committee on Mineral Imports and Exports and of the Joint Information Board on Minerals and Derivatives in one mineral subject file of 8 l/2 feet. This file contains reports, data, statistics, memoranda, printed material, and general infor- mation on the development of domestic supplies of minerals; the use of minerals and derivatives for war purposes; supply and consump- tion; foreign and domestic resources; and imports and exports. Other records are in the Bureau of Mines. References: Geological Survey, Annual Reports, 1917-19; Edson S. Bastin and Hiram D. McCaskey, "The Work on Mineral Resources Done by the United States Geological Survey,” in Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918, pt. 1, p. 1A-5A (Washington, 1921); Hiram D. McCaskey and E. F. Burchard, Our Mineral Supplies (Geological Sur-. vey, Bulletin 666. Washington, 1919); Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918 (Washington, 1921). MINERAL RESOURCES DIVISION, ALASKAN, Geologic Branch, Geological Sur- vey, Interior Department.—See ALASKAN MINERAL RESOURCES DIVISION. MINERAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Cre- ated before the war. Functions: To study the production and utili- zation of metals, minerals, and mineral products. During the war, it investigated the production of nitrates for explosives and ferti- lizers and the preparation of steel alloys. Work was performed through the following Sections: Electric Furnace and Non-Ferrous Alloys; Nitrogen Fixation; Rare Metals and Alloys*; and Sodium Cya- nide Plant (Chemical Plant No. U). Cooperated with the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, the War Industries Board, the Bu- reau of Standards, the American Chemical Society, and various com- mercial companies. Records: In the Mines Bureau. References; Mines Bureau, War Minerals, Nitrogen Fixation, and Sodium Cyanide, 5U-61 (Bulletin Washington, 1919 MINERALS AND DERIVATIVES, JOINT INFORMATION BOARD ON.—First organized in February 1918 as an informal Joint Committee on Minerals. The Joint Information Board on Minerals and Derivatives, as later formed was composed of representatives of the War, Navy, Agriculture, Com- merce, Interior, Treasury, and State Departments; the War Industries War Trade, and Shipping Boards; the Food, Fuel, and Railroad Admin- istrations; the National Museum; the Tariff Commission; the Federal Trade Commission; and the National Research Council. Ended January 1, 1919, and its records were transferred to the Mineral Resources 357 Division, Geologic Branch, Geological Survey, Pope Yeatman of the War Industries Board, Chairman. Functions: To coordinate and dis- tribute information concerning minerals of importance in the prose- cution of the war; to provide opportunity for the discussion of administrative problems relative to minerals; and to aid Government administrators in obtaining all available information on minerals. Records; 1918-19 (1 foot) in NA. Include a correspondence file (3 inches) of Edson S. Bastin, Secretary of the Board; minutes of meetings of the Board; reports; and data on the activities of Gov- ernment agencies in regard to minerals. Most of the Board's records are combined with certain records of the Committee on Mineral Im- ports and Exports and of the Division of Mineral Resources in one mineral subject file of 8 1/2 feet, in NA. MINERALS COMMITTEE, WAR.—See WAR MINERALS COMMITTEE. MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS, WAR, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. MINERALS SECTION, POLin CAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See ’WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. MINES AND NET SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy De- partment.—Organized at the outbreak of the war and still in exist- ence. Functions: To have charge of the design, manufacture, and procurement of naval mines, complete with their attachments and loaded and ready for use, and also of the procurement of depth charges, nets, and naval defense bombs and entanglements, exclu- sive of torpedo nets on board ship. Records: In the Navy Depart- ment. MINES AND TORPEDOES COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Depart- ment,—Created on November U, 1915* Consisted of four members; Elmer A. Sperry, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. MINES BUREAU, Interior Department.—Established on July 1, 1910. Functions; To conduct scientific, technologic, and economic in- vestigations relative to increasing health, safety, and efficiency in mining and mineral industries. The Bureau initiated important war-related research prior to April 1917, and conducted numerous special investigations during the war in cooperation with, and partly financed by, the War and Navy Departments. It cooperated also with the Capital Issues Committee, the Council of National Defense, the Fuel Administration, the War Industries Board, and other agencies. War work was performed through research projects carried on under the supervision of the Director, as well as by special research units and permanent units of the Bureau, as fol- lows: Helium Production Research; War Gas Investigations; War Minerals Investigations; and Explosives Regulation, Metallurgical, Mineral Technology, Mining, and Petroleum Divisions. Records; 1917-23 (126 feet) in NA. Include those of the Explosives Regula- tion Division, a few records of other divisions, records of the ’War Minerals Investigations, and some Helium Production Research records in the files of the Director of the Bureau. Consist of correspondence, statistical data, reports of investigations, re- ports to other branches of the Government, and circular question- naires and replies. Other records are in the Mines Bureau and in the Bureau's experiment stations. References: Mines Bureau, 358 Bulletins, 178A-178D (Washington, 1919), which were prepared as chapters of a projected volume to be entitled "War Work of the Bureau of Mines"; Fred W. Powell, The Bureau of Mines (New York, !922). MINING AND QUARRY SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the* Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVI- SION. MINING AND QUARRYING SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions; To study mining and quarrying problems, and to train and provide personnel for mining and quarry- ing work for the American Expeditionary Forces. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MINING COSTS AND ORE MARKETS SECTION, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS MINING DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Probably cre- ated in 1918 and terminated at the close of the war. Functions: To recruit and distribute mine labor. Records ? Whereabouts -un- known. MINING DIVISION, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—In existence be- fore the war. Functions: Indicated by the names of the following Sections, which performed war-related work; Breathing and Resus- citating Apparatus for Soldiers; Coal for Naval Purposes; European War Requirements; Explosives Investigations for Army and Navy; In- vestigation of Accidents Due to Explosives; and Underground Sound Detecting and Range Finding. Cooperated with the War Minerals Investigations, the Army, the Navy, the War Industries Board, and the Fuel Administration, Records: Believed to be in the Mines Bu- reau. References: Mines Bureau, Explosives and Miscellaneous In- vestigations, d9-90, 99-102 (Bulletin 17bD« Washington, 1919). MINING METHODS SECTION, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. MINT BUREAU, Treasury Department.—Created as a bureau in 1873, al- though the first mint was established in Philadelphia as early as 1792. Functions: To execute the coinage of the United States, make assays of coin and of bullion, purchase and refine precious metals, and melt and recoin uncurrent coins. During the war the Mint Bureau was responsible for meeting the extraordinary demand for coinage, especially for subsidiary and minor coin, that came with increased business and higher prices. Further war work was entailed by the increased use of platinum in Government work, by the melting of silver dollars under an act of April 23, 1918, and by the export of silver to the Allied countries. Records: Those in NA (1792-193h, U81 feet) include (1) correspondence; reports; and statistical files relating to raining, the purchase of silver, deposits, coinage and recoinage, foreign coins, and medals and assays, and (2) accounting and administrative records of various mints and assay offices. Most of the records are in the Treasury Department, References: Jesse P. Watson, The Bureau of the Mint, 3-12, 19 (Baltimore, 1926). 359 MISCELLANEOUS AND OFFICE SUPPLIES BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Organized about December 1, 1918. Functioned in February 1919 through five commodity Sections, as follows: Miscellaneous Unassigned Articles, Office Equipment, Office Supplies, Drafting Equipment and Supplies, and Field Office Equipment and Supplies. About May 1, 1919, it took over the functions of the Remount Branch, Abolished about June 1, 1919, when its functions were assumed by the General Supplies Branch. Functions: To be responsible for the dis- posal of surplus office supplies and office equipment, drafting equipment and supplies, and miscellaneous articles. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH, Artillery Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created as a separate branch in March 1913. Continued in operation until the armistice. Func- tions: To handle the procurement of mounts, precision instruments and chests, tools and accessories for all artillery, fore sights, taps, dies, drills, and electrical equipment. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1913, as the Accessories Branch. Later in 1918 it became the Mis- cellaneous Branch. Functions; To handle the purchase of accesso- ries and miscellaneous items for small arms, machine guns, and side arms. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Established on April 23 and discontinued on December 31, 1918. Also known as the Fine Chemicals Section. Functions: To gather data relating to the importation and domestic production of chemical materials, to ascertain the various needs for chemicals, and to act as a clearinghouse between producer and consumer with reference to chemicals not handled by any other section of the Chemicals Division. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed about May 1917. Became the Miscellaneous Chemicals Committee of the Chemical Alliance, Inc., in November. Functions; To handle matters pertaining to miscel- laneous chemicals for the Committee. Records: Most of them were transferred to the Chemical Alliance, but a few are among the rec- ords of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL DIVISION, Civil '.Yorks Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established prior to the outbreak of the war. Became the Miscellaneous Civil Section of the Civil Divi- sion upon the establishment of that Division prior to the end of 1918. Functions; To handle administrative work in connection with the establishment of and changes in harbor lines, the removal of obstructions to navigation, the bridging of navigable waters, and the supervision of the harbor of New York, and to perform various miscellaneous duties. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in December 1918. Terminated on June 30, 1919, when its functions 360 were transferred to a new European Department. Functions: To han- dle transactions in miscellaneous noncereal commodities— chiefly dairy products, sugar, motor oil, and automobiles—purchased and shipped for the American Relief Administration and other relief organizations operating in Europe and the Near East after the armi- stice. Records; 1918-19 (3U feet, not including records combined with those of its successor, the European Department) in NA. In- clude purchase, sales, and shipping records, chiefly vouchers, in- voices, and journal entries. References; Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War, I(.0Q-hl3 (New York, 1928). MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in June 1917 as the Storage and Market Division and later called successively the Organization and Policy Division, the Commercial Relations Division, and the Miscellaneous Commodities Division. Merged on January 10, 1918, with the Chemicals, Sisal, and Jute Division, which later became the Collateral Commodities Division, Functions: To act in a consultative capacity with reference to commodities that, because of their importance in the preservation or protection of food, were included in the program of the Food Administration; to coordinate the work of associations and confer- ences with that of the Administration; and to find men qualified to take charge of the various commercial activities of the Admin- istration. Records: 1917-18 (7 feet) in NA. Correspondence. MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—Organized in the summer of 1918; discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions; To prevent shortages, provide producing capacity, and act as a clearinghouse for materials not specifically assigned to any other section of the Board. Assumed some of the duties formerly performed by the Miscellaneous Section of the Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department.— Organized about 1899. Functions; To handle general questions con- cerning the administration, equipment, and supply of the Army and thfe movement of troops and to conduct correspondence relating there' to; to code and decode cipher messages; and to handle questions re- lating to the administration of war prisoner barracks, disciplinary barracks, and alien enemies in the Army. Records; In The Adjutant General's Office. MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on September 20, 1917; transferred to the Procurement Division by Gun Division Order No. 57, January 13, 1918. Functions; To handle business negoti- ations in connection with the purchase of miscellaneous material of all kinds not within the province of any other branch of the Pur- chase Section. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1918, and included the following Branches: Gage, Machinery, and Miscellaneous. Functions To handle purchases of gages, fuse setters, machinery and machine tools, equipment for field and experimental plants, various kinds of electrical equipment, cranes, locomotives, cars, conveyors, hard- ware and hand tools of all kinds, motor accessories, cartridge stor- age cases for propellant charges, forging equipment, gas electric 361 generating sets, portable hand and cap lamps and lanterns, dry cell flashlights, time interval recorders or stop watches, and other articles not coming within the province of any other section. Rec- ords: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department,—Established in 1918. Absorbed the functions of the Transportation Section, established on January 30, 1918, and of the Fuel and Power Section, established on June £, 1918. Func- tions : To handle matters of transportation, fuel and power distri- bution, industrial housing, and industrial safety and sanitation insofar as they related to the functions and activities of the Division. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established in July 1918 to consolidate for admin- istrative purposes special activities having no logical relation to those of any other section of the Division or to each other. As first organized, it comprised five Subsections, as follows: Person- nel, Physical Standards and Examinations, Vermin Infestation and Dis- infestation, Correspondence (relating to the physical conditions of individual officers and enlisted men), and Development Battalions. The functions handled by the Personnel Subsection were transferred to the Personnel Division about the middle of 1919, the Physical Standards and Examinations Subsection was ultimately established as a separate Section of the Sanitation Division, and the Vermin Infes- tation and Disinfestation Subsection ceased to exist as of July 31, 1919. Functions: To handle a variety of problems, including mat- ters pertaining to administrative sanitary personnel for camps, can- tonments, and recruit depots, physical standards and examinations, investigation of vermin problems, and supervision of development battalions. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLIES BRANCH, Supplies and Equipment-Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, War Department.—Formed on January 18, 1918, as a Branch of the Clothing and Equipage Division and became part of the Supplies and Equipment Division on January 26. Abol- ished on April 16, 1918. Functions: To procure those supplies for the Army not handled by other branches of the Division. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MOBILE ARTILLERY COMMITTEE, Munitions Standards Board, Council of National Defense.—See *ARMY AND NAVI ARTILLERY SUBCOMMITTEE, Gen- eral Munitions Board. MOBILE CARRIAGE SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Established on January 19, 1918, as the Mobile Gian Carriage Section by the consolidation of the Field Ar- tillery and the Anti-Aircraft Sections of the Carriage Division. Functions; To handle questions of a technical nature in connec- tion with field artillery and antiaircraft material, with the ex- ception of sights, fire control instruments, guns, and motor equip- ment. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MOBILE GUN CARRIAGE SECTION, Artillery Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY DIVISION. MOBILIZATION DEPARTMENT, Administrative Branch, Field Artillery Chief's Office, War Department.—See FIELD ARTILLERY CHIEF'S OF- FICE. 362 MOBILIZATION DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established in 1918. Discontinued by July 15, 1919. Func- tions; To handle matters relating to allocation and to the accom- plishment of individual inductions under the Selective Service Act, and to confer with the other divisions of the Office on questions of interpretations, modifications, changes, or suspensions of the Selective Service Act and Regulations, Records: With those of the Office in NA. MOBILIZATION SECTION, MILITARY, Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MILITARY MOBILIZATION SECTION. MOLASSES BRANCH, JAMS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, SYRUP, AND, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See JAMS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, SYRUP, AND MOLASSES BRANCH. MONEY ACCOUNTS DIVISION, Finance Service, War Department.—Established prior to the outbreak of the war as the Money Accounts Branch of the Finance and Accounting Division of the Quartermaster General's Of- fice. On August 27, 1918, it became, through reorganization, the Money Accounts Division. Included Costkeeping, Discharged Enlisted Men's Pay, Enlisted Men's Pay, Money Accounts Examination, and Offi- cers' Pay Branches. Became’ part of the Finance Service when the latter was created in October 1918. Functions: To receive and ex- amine money accounts and to transmit them to the Auditor for the War Department, and to handle correspondence relative to disburse- ments, including that relative to cases involving officers' and enlisted men's pay and the pay of discharged soldiers'. Records; In the Finance Chief's Office, War Department. MONEY ORDER DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In existence before the war. Functions; During the war it handled a large volume of business for the troops in the camps and cantonments in the United States, Europe, and Siberia, Records; Some may be among those of the Department in NA* Others remain in the Post Office Department. MORAL AND SPIRITUAL FORCES, DEPARTMENT FOR THE SAFEGUARDING OF, Wom- an's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See HEALTH AND RECRE- ATION DEPARTMENT. MORALE BRANCH, General Staff, War Department.—Originated as a Sub- section of the Army Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division. On August 18, 1918, it became a Section of the Negative Branch. Became a separate Branch of the General Staff on October 19, 1918. Transferred to the War Plans Division, General Staff, by General Orders No. 88, July lii, 1919. All morale organizations were discontinued in 1921 by Bulletin No. 15. Functions; To stimulate morale throughout the Army and maintain a close connec- tion and liaison with similar activities in civil life. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. MORALE DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department.—See NAVIGATION BUREAU. MORALE SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MORALE BRANCH, General Staf/. 363 MORGAN SALVAGE DEPOT GROUP, Explosives and Loading Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH. MOSQUITO CONTROL SUBSECTION, FLY AND, Sanitary Engineering Section, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.— See SANITARY ENGINEERING SECTION. MOTION PICTURE SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration See ADVERTISING SECTION. MOTION PICTURE SECTION, Information Division, Information and Educa- tion Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Probably • created in July 1918 and terminated in June 1919. Functions: To interest and instruct the public in labor and industrial policies of vital importance for increasing war production. Records: Dis- position of the Service's records was authorized by Congress on May 7, 1928. MOTION PICTURE SECTION, Social Hygiene Division, Training Camp Activi- ties Commission, War Department.—Organized in 1917. Functions: To conduct, by means of motion pictures, educational campaigns in camps and among the civilian population, aimed at the prevention of venereal disease. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. MOTION PICTURE SUBSECTION, COMMERCIAL, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. MOTION PICTURES BRANCH, Industrial Education Section, Administration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION SECTION. MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized in May 1917 as the Inspection Section, Carriage Division. On February 1, 1918, this Section became the Motor and Carriage Branch of the Executive Section, Inspection Division. Operated through the following Groups: Field Artillery Carriage; Railway and Seacoast Mountj Mis- cellaneous Artillery Vehicles; Tanks; Tractor; and Motor Equipment. Functions; To supervise the inspection of field artillery car- riages; antiaircraft, seacoast, and railway mounts; tractors and tanks; and miscellaneous vehicles. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MOTOR CARS BRANCH, Motors Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Division Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established on November 1, 1918, and in existence on Febru- ary 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To be responsible for filling requisitions for motor cars required for overseas forces. Records; Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. MOTOR DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—In August 1918 a Special Assistant to the Chief of Ordnance was in charge of tanks. His supervision later was extended over tractors and trail- ers, On November 9, 1918, Office Memorandum No. 133 created a Divi- sion to handle this work. Functions; To stimulate the production }6h of tanks, tank materials, tractors, and trailers, bly -with those of the Office in NA. Records: Proba- KOTOR EQUIPMENT GROUP, Motor and Carriage Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH. KOTOR EQUIPMENT SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Established on January 19, 1918. Functions: To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with motor equipment issued by the Ordnance Department, including motorcycles, trucks, caterpillar tractors, and armored vehicles of all kinds. Records; Probably with those of the Office in KA. MOTOR EQUIPMENT SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1918. Originally included six Branches, as follows: Chassis, Bodies, Equipment, Tractors, Tanks, and Trailers. Supply Circular No. 87, dated Sep- tember 5, 1918, placed the Quartermaster Corps in charge of the procurement of all motor vehicles, with the exception of tanks and caterpillar tractors, and transferred a large part of the personnel of the Section to it. After November 1, 1918, the Section included only two Branches; Special Tractor and Artillery Tractor. Func- tions ; To purchase motor-driven vehicles, vehicles used in con- junction therewith, equipment and accessories for such and components and spare parts, but not the raw materials used in their manufacture or any packing containers used in connection with them. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. MOTOR STORAGE SECTION, Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RESERVE DEPOT AND SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH. MOTOR TRACTION BOARD, SECOND, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See SECOND MOTOR TRACTION BOARD. MOTOR TRANSPORT BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See DOMESTIC OPF,RATIONS DIVISION. MOTOR TRANSPORT CORPS CHIEF'S OFFICE, War Department.—Originated on January 26, 1918, as the Motors Division in the Quartermaster Corps; on April 16 the name was changed to Motor Transport Division; and on April 18, by General Orders No. 38, it was changed to Motor Transport Service. Reorganized into a separate Corps under General Orders No. 75, August 15, 1918. In addition to an Executive Division, which handled general administrative work and procurement, training, and assignment matters, it included the following Divisions: Engineer- ing, Liaison (at first Overseas Liaison), Maintenance, Operating, Property, and Service. Transferred to the Quartermaster Corps by General Orders No. h2, July lit, 1920 (effective July 15). Func- tions: To control and direct the procurement, design, maintenance, and operation of motor transport used in the Amy. Records; Frag- ments (70 feet) are in NA. These include periodic and special re- ports, inventories, orders, dispatchers' records, log books and other records of vehicles, records of spare parts, manifests, and personnel records. Other records are in the Office of the Chief of Transportation, Services of Supply. 365 iff)TOR TRANSPORT SERVICE, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Depart- ment.—See MOTOR TRANSPORT CORPS CHIEF'S OFFICE. MOTOR TRANSPORT SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—A Motor Transport Branch was established by Purchase and Storage No- tice No. 9, October 25, 1918. On November 22, 1918, this Branch became the Motor Transport Subdivision. In existence on February 1, 1919, when the Port Operations Division was abolished. Func- tions: To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of Motor Transport Corps supplies through ports of embarkation for overseas forces, and to regulate the move- ment of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Of- fice in NA. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Operations Division, General Staff, War Department.—Created in August 1918. Functions: To supervise the work of the Motor Transport Corps in the design, procurement, stor- age, operation, upkeep, and repair of motor vehicles and accessories and in the control of the personnel to operate these vehicles; and to coordinate the relations of the Motor Transport Corps with the troops. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION OF FARM PRODUCTS PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—Established on March 15, 1918, with funds pro- vided by the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917. Discontinued on June 30, 1919. Functions: To increase production and improve transportation of foodstuffs and other commodities by studying the need for and the methods and costs of operating motor routes in rural districts; by developing and fostering the use of improved business and accounting methods for operators of these routes; by establishing, in cooperation with such operators, demonstration routes; and by arranging for the provision of motor-transportation facilities for important shipping sections during the period of the heaviest crop movements in such sections. Records: Some are in NA among the records of the Markets Bureau. Included are correspondence of the Philadelphia office, 1918-19 (6 inches), and a report of the Project for 1918. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, ENGINEER, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See ENGINEER MOTOR TRANS- PORTATION SERVICE. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SUBDIVISION, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See MOTORS SUBDIVISION. MOTOR TRUCK SERVICE SECTION, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.— Part of the Motor Transportation of Farm Products Project. Discon- tinued on June 30, 1919. Functions; To arrange for the provision of motor-transportation facilities for important shipping sections during the period of the heaviest crop movements in such sections. Records: Some are in NA among those of the Markets Bureau. MOTOR TRUCKS COMMITTEE, ARMORED CARS AND, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—See ARMORED CARS AND MOTOR TRUCKS COMMITTEE. 366 MOTOR VEHICLE BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.-—Created on April 18, 1918, by Special Order No. 91. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to motor vehicles, regardless of the corps or branch of the service by which such vehicles were used. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. MOTOR VEHICLES AND AIRCRAFT SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on January 17, 1919, as the Motors and Vehicles Sales Section. Its name was changed on February 1*. Still in existence on December 1, 1919. Functions; To supervise the sale of surplus motor vehicles and aircraft and equipment held by War Department bureaus. Records: Whereabouts unknown. MOTORS AND VEHICLES BRANCH, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Es- tablished about March 1, 1919, by a consolidation of the Motors Branch and the Vehicles and Harness Branch. In existence on toy 19, 1919, when the Division was abolisned. Functions; To supervise the stor- age, distribution, and maintenance of stocks of motor and animal- drawn vehicles. Records; Some sure among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MOTORS AND VEHICLES BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--Or- ganized about January 1, 1919. Operated through two Sections in June 1919: Motor Vehicles and Parts and Animal and Hand Drawn Ve- hicles. Still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions; To have charge of the sale of surplus vehicles. Records'; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MOTORS AND VEHICLES DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Created about September 21, 1918, and took over in October the functions of the procurement of vehicles formerly performed by the Vehicles and Harness Division of the Quartermaster General's Office. On November 1, 1918, it functioned through four Branches: Administrative, Planning, Motor Vehicles, and Horse and Hand-Drawn Vehicles. On June 30, 1919, it functioned through an Administrative Branch and three procurement Branches: Motor Vehicles, Spare Parts and Tires, and Horse and Handr-Drawn Vehicles. In existence on June 30, 1920. Functions; To have charge of the procurement of motor vehicles, exclusive of tanks, tractors, and other special types, and of the procurement of animal and hand-drawn vehicles. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MOTORS AND VEHICLES DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division. MOTORS AND VEHICLES SALES SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTOR VEHICLES AND AIRCRAFT SECTION. 367 MOTORS AND VEHICLES SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on May 19, 1919, and consisted of the following Subsections: Do- mestic Distribution, Export Distribution, Replenishment, Stock Record, and Surplus Property. On November 6 it became a Branch of the Supplies Division, and on May 19, 1920, it became the Motors and Vehicles Division. Functions: To have charge of the storage and distribution of automotive and animal-drawn vehicles and parts, and to determine surplus stocks. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MOTORS AND VEHICLES SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. MOTORS BRANCH, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918. Consolidated with the Vehicles and Harness Branch about March 1, 1919, to form the Motors and Vehicles Branch. Functions; To supervise the storage, distribution, and maintenance of stocks of motor vehicles and parts. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. MOTORS COMMITTEE, INTERNAL COMBUSTION, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—Seg NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. MOTORS DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See MOTOR TRANSPORT CORPS CHIEF'S OFFICE. MOTORS SUBDIVISION, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1916, as the Motor Transportation Subdivision, and later designated the Motors Subdivision. Operated through the following Branches: Motor Cars; Priority; Release and Servicing; Spare Parts; Transportation; and Trucks. In existence on February 1, 1919. Functions; To be responsible for the supply of motor vehicles and parts for overseas shipment. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. MOTORS, VEHICLES, AND HARNESS BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIRE- MENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. MOVING PICTURE DEPARTMENT, Army Medical Museum, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDI- CAL MUSEUM, MUNITIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, PLANTS AND, War Industries Board.—See PLANTS AND MUNITIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE. MUNITIONS BOARD, GENERAL, Council of National Defense,—See GENERAL MUNITIONS BOARD. MUNITIONS COUNCIL, INTERALLIED.--See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL 368 MUNITIONS, MANUFACTURING, AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Organized on October 11, 1916, under the chairmanship of Howard E. Coffin. Merged into the General Munitions Board with the appointment of Coffin to that body upon its creation on March 31, 1917. Functions: To study questions relating to national defense as indicated by the name of the Commit- tee. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. MUNITIONS PATENTS BOARD, War and Navy Departments.—Established on September 25, 1918, by a joint order of the Acting Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy. Consisted of one representative each from the War and Navy Departments and a civilian Chairman. Remained active until February 1921, notwithstanding the fact that it received no appropriation for the fiscal year 1920-21. Lt. Col. Frank Griffin of the Signal Corps, a patent authority, succeeded to the position of War Department representative in July 1920, and he continued the operations of the Board for the next 8 months. By a memorandum of November 17, 1920, the Patent Section of the War De- partment Claims Board was authorized to hear certain patent claims against the War Department (but not jointly against the Army and Navy) still pending before the Munitions Patents Board. On Decem- ber 3, Lieutenant Colonel Griffin was placed in charge of the Patent Section, and for the next 3 months he served as both Chairman of the Patent Section and War Department .representative on the Munitions Patents Board. Functions; To coordinate patent policies of the two Departments; to consider clauses in contracts of the respective De- partments dealing with patents and with questions as to the validity or infringement of patents and the patentability of inventions; and to estimate the amount of compensation to be paid for patents or for their use. Records; Among those of the Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department, in NA. Include a correspondence file, 1918- 21, with index; minutes of meetings, 1913-20; and photostats of pat- ents. MUNITIONS PLANTS SECTION, STEEL AND, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. MUNITIONS STANDARDS BOARD, Council of National Defense.—Created on March 20, 1917; absorbed by the General Munitions Board about April 9, 1917. Frank A. Scott, Chairman. Functions; To insure speedy and efficient quantity production of munitions, standardize munition specifications, assist in the survey of cantonment and terminal stor- age facilities, and improve transportation methods. Records; With those of the General Munitions Board in NA; some may also be in the "consolidated files" of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. MUNITIONS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL MUSEUM AND LIBRARY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Organized before the war. Functions: To supervise the ad- ministration of the Army Medical Museum and the Library of the Sur- geon General's Office. Records; With those of the Office in NA. MUSIC AND SONG DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, Navy Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. 369 MUSIC DIVISION, CAMP, Training Camp Activities Commission, War De- partment.—See CAMP MUSIC DIVISION. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS SECTION, ATHLETIC GOODS AND, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. 370 N NATIONAL ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION,—Established in August 1918 by agree- ment of the Shipping Board, the War and Labor Departments, the Ameri- can Federation of Labor, the International Longshoremen's Union, and the principal ship operators. Financed largely from Shipping Board appropriations. Composed of four members, one each representing the Shipping Board, the War Department, the International Longshoremen's Union, and the operators. Closely connected with the Shipping Board's Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division because, during part of the period, the Shipping Board's representative, who served as Chair- man, was head of that Division, Under the above-mentioned agreement, local adjustment commissions of somewhat similar composition were also set up in leading ports. The Commission appears to have been inactive during part of 1919 but was reconstituted by the Joint Shipping In- dustrial Conference in September of that year. Terminated on October 1, 1920. Functions: To adjust and control by arbitration, or some- times by mediation, wages and conditions of labor in the loading and unloading of vessels. Under a Shipping Board resolution of October 21, 1919, the Commission was directed to make a study of longshore labor conditions at the port of New York, where it maintained close relations with the New York Harbor Wage Adjustment Board. Records: 1918-20 (20 feet) in NA. Include organizational and administrative correspondence and reports, dockets of adjusted and current cases, copies of local agreements with related correspondence, transcripts of hearings, and copies of awards of local commissions and the National Adjustment Commission, References; National Adjustment Commission, Chairman's Report for the Period Ending December 31. 1918 (Washington, 1919), and Report of the Executive Secretary . . . Janu- ary 1. 1919. to June 30. 1920 ([1920]. Processed). NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS.—Established by a naval appropriation act of March 3, 1915, which authorized the President "to appoint not to exceed twelve members, to consist of two members from the War Department, from the office in charge of military aero- nautics; two members from the Navy Department, from the office in charge of naval aeronautics; a representative each of the Smithsonian Institution, of the United States Weather Bureau, and of the United States Bureau of Standards; together with not more than five addi- tional persons who shall be acquainted with the needs of aeronauti- cal science, either civil or military, or skilled in aeronautical engineering or its allied sciences." Served as the Aeronautics Com- mittee and later as the Aeronautics Section of the National Research Council. Functioned through a number of subcommittees. Functions: During the war the Committee investigated the condition of the air- craft industry; made recommendations to the War and Navy Departments for increasing the quantity production of aircraft; recommended the creation of the Aircraft Production Board; made available to that Board information acquired by the Committee from a census of the production facilities of manufacturers of aircraft and aeronautic engines; and took the initiative in organizing ground schools for aviators. Among the subjects for which subcommittees were formed wer,g the following: Aerial mail service, aero torpedoes, aircraft communications, airplane mapping, bibliography of aeronautics, build- ings, laboratories and equipment, civil aerial transport, design. 533477 0 - 43 - 25 371 construction, and navigation of aircraft, free flight tests, heli- copter or direct-lift aircraft, aeronautics nomenclature, patents, policy, power plants, radiator design, relation of the atmosphere to aeronautics, engineering problems, standardization and investi- gation of materials, and steel construction for aircraft. Records; In the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. References; National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Annual Reports, 1915- 20; Laurence F. Schmeckebier, The Aeronautics Branch. Department of Commerce, 3, 86-88 (Washington, 1930). NATIONAL DEFENSE COUNCIL.—See COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE. NATIONAL DEFENSE PROJECTS SECTION, War Plans Branch, War Plans Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Organized in 1918, Functions; To prepare general war plans and, as successor to the Board of Re- view, to supervise seacoast defense projects and plans. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. NATIONAL HARNESS AND SADDLERY ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION.—Established on September 26, 1917, by agreement among the Government, the princi- pal harness manufacturers, and the United Leather Workers Interna- tional Union. Composed originally of five members, three appointed by the Secretary of War and one each by the manufacturers and the Union; the War Department representation was later reduced to one member. Dissolved by the Secretary of War on January 15, 1919. Functions; To adjust differences between manufacturers and employ- ees engaged in the production of harness and saddlery for the Gov- ernment, and to fix wage standards for skilled workers and hours of labor in the industry. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References; Alexander M. Bing, War-Time Strikes and Their Adjustment.63-64 (New York [1921]). NATIONAL MARINE CONFERENCE,'Shipping Board.—Called by the Shipping Board to meet in Washington, April 29 to Kay 4, 1918, and attended by delegates of shipowners* and seamen’s organizations. Resulted in the agreement of Atlantic and Gulf shipowners and employees to accept wage standards determined by the Shipping Board and in the appointment of a standing committee, the Committee of Five. Func- tions; To discuss any questions affecting supply, remuneration, living conditions, and efficiency of marine labor. Records; Feb- ruary-July 1918 (2 feet with the records of the Karine and Dock In- dustrial Relations Division, Shipping Board) in NA. Include tran- scripts of speeches and briefs of testimony, tentative wage scales and related materials submitted as exhibits, press reports, corre- spondence and reports pertaining to the resulting agreements, and complete stenographic transcripts of the proceedings. References; Shipping Board, Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division, Ka- rine and Dock Labor; Work. Wages, and Industrial Relations During the Period of the War; Report of the Director . . . December 31, 1913 (Washington, 1919). NATIONAL MUSEUM, Smithsonian Institution.—Created in 1846. Functions During the war, to meet the requirements of certain Government agen- cies t»y conducting the research necessary to the solution of prob- lems of a highly specialized scientific character, especially in mineralogy, anthropology, geology, and biology, and to assist gen- erally in the preparation of exhibits and publications relating to conservation. Records: In the National Museum. The records of the Museum relating to its war activities are in the files of the spe- cialized divisions in which the investigations were undertaken. 372 They include investigations pertaining to strategic minerals and derivatives; the procuring of special varieties of optical quartz for use in submarine instruments; the use. of the ordinary garden slug as a supersensitive indicator of poisonous gases; conservation of natural resources such as petroleum; and problems associated with gas warfare, peat resources, fuels and power, and concrete ship con- struction, Related records in NA are among those of the Shipping Board, the Fuel Administration, the Food Administration, the Joint Information Board on Minerals and Derivatives, and other agencies. References: National Museum, Reports, 1918, p, 13-15; 1919, p. 13-14 NATIONAL PRODUCTION COMMITTEE, Production Bureau, Administrative Divi- sion, Fuel Administration.—See PRODUCTION BUREAU. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL.-—Originated in 1916 at the request of Presi- dent Wilson in response to the offer by the National Academy of Sci- ences of its services in the interests of national security. Mem- bership comprised the chiefs of the technical bureaus of the War and Navy Departments, the heads of other Government bureaus engaged in scientific research, and representatives of educational institutions, research foundations, and engineering and industrial research. At first activities were carried on by independent committees (origi- nally 17 in number) assigned to the various branches of science and to special projects, but early in 1918 all committees investigating closely related projects were grouped in divisions. As of October 31, 1918, the war organization included the Research Information Service and eight Divisions, as follows: General Relations; Mili- tary; Engineering; Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics; Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Geology and Geography; Medicine and Related Sciences; and Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries, As early as May 11, 1918, the President had issued Executive Order No. 2859 requesting the perpetuation of the Council and stating its duties; accordingly, in 1919 the Council adopted a permanent organization to carry on its peacetime activities. Func- tions; Engaged almost exclusively in scientific and research work with and for the War and Navy Departments, the War Industries Board, and other Government agencies. Served as the Science and Research Department of the Council of National Defense and cooperated closely with the Science and Research Division of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Conducted a national census of research and research facilities. Organized the Research Information Service, which facil- itated the exchange of research information between the United States and the Allies, Promoted research in many fields bearing upon na- tional welfare and defense. Initiated the sound-ranging service of the Army; developed the psychological tests for Array recruits; or- ganized research on submarine problems; organized cooperative inves- tigations in agriculture; promoted medical researches; and helped to devise instruments for use by the Army and the Navy. Records; In the National Research Council. Those for the war period consist of correspondence, reports, and administrative papers, and include the records of most of its investigative conmittees. Material on WTter Problems” is not separated by committees but is maintained in one file. References; National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings. 1916- 19; National Research Council, Annual Reports. 1916-21; William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After. 22-30 (New York, 1919). NATIONAL SCREW THREAD COMMISSION.—Established as the Commission for the Standardization of Screw Threads by an act of July 18, 1918. According to this act it was to be composed of '‘nine commissioners. 373 one of whom shall be the Director of the Bureau of Standards, who shall be chairman of the commission; two commissioned officers of the Army, to be appointed by the Secretary of War; two commissioned officers of the Navy, to be appointed by the Secretary of the Navy; and four to be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce, two of whom shall be chosen from nominations made by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and two from nominations made by the Society of Automotive Engineers.” The members of the National Screw Thread Commission, as this body came to be called, were appointed on Sep- tember 21, 1918, By Executive Order No. 5960, December 9, 1932, the "administrative duties, powers, and authority” of the Commission were transferred to the Bureau of Standards, and the Commission was di- rected to serve in an advisory capacity to the Secretary of Commerce, The Commission was abolished by Executive Order No. 6166, June 10, 1933, which transferred "its records, property, facilities, and sup- plies" to the Commerce Department, S. W. Stratton was Chairman dur- ing the war. Functions: To ascertain and establish standards for screw threads. These standards were to be submitted to the Secre- taries of War, the Navy, and Commerce for their acceptance and ap- proval, After approval, the standards were to be used in the sev- eral manufacturing plants under the control of the War and Navy Departments. Records; In the National Bureau of Standards (176 feet). NATIONAL SERVICE SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Inaugu- rated with the appointment of Charles A. Eaton to the staff of the Vice President and General Manager of the Corporation on January 1, 1918. He established a National Service Section, which later became part of the General Service Division and in May 1913 became a part of the Industrial Relations Division. On August 23, 1913, the Sec- tion was made directly tributary to the office of Vice President Piez. It was abolished on January 15, 1919. Functions; To pro- mote Interest and enthusiasm in the shipbuilding program through public meetings and gatherings of shipyard managers and workers and of workers in plants manufacturing articles needed in shipbuilding. Records; 1918 (6 feet) in NA. General correspondence, notes, mem- oranda, and reports. NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,— Created upon the recommendation (Mar. 29, 1913) of the War Labor Con- ference Board, the members of which were appointed by the Secretary of Labor acting in his capacity as War Labor Administrator to consti- tute the National War Labor Board. This action was confirmed by Presidential proclamation of April 8, 1913, Cases were heard by the Board, by sections of it, or by its Chairmen, as well as by exam- iners sent to places where controversies arose. No cases were ac- cepted after June 25, 1919, and those pending were completed by the Joint Chairmen, William Howard Taft, representing capital, and Basil M, Manly (successor to Frank P. Walsh), representing labor. The fi- nal meeting was held on August 12, 1919, and the Board was dissolved. Functions t To effect settlements by mediation or conciliation of controversies arising between employers and workers in the fields of production necessary for the effective conduct of the war, or in other industries in which delays or obstructions might detrimentally affect war production. Records: 1918-19 (219 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, transcripts of proceedings, briefs, findings and awards, minutes of executive sessions, examiners' reports, and audi- tors' files. Other records of the Board were retained by staff mem- bers, and their present location is not known. References; Labor 37U Department, Reports. 1918-20; Labor Statistics Bureau, National War Labor Board (Bulletin 287. Washington, 1922); Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Industrial America in the World War, ch, 15 (Boston, 1923); Alexan- der M. Bing, War-Time Strikes and Their Adjustment, ch. 10 (New York [1921]); Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 163-175 ([Drbana, 1920]), NATIONAL WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE, Treasury Department.—Appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury in November 1917 in accordance with an act of September 24, 1917. Consisted of a Chairman, 6 Federal directors each having general supervision over one or more Federal Reserve dis- tricts, and 52 State directors, each of whom had complete charge of War Savings activities in his area. The Committee was dissolved in September 1918 upon the recommendation of its Chairman, Frank A. Ven- der lip, and was succeeded by the Savings Division of the War Loan Or- ganization. Functions: To organize and promote the sales of thrift stamps and War Savings certificates and to educate the citizens of the United States in the necessity of saving for the war. Records: Those for the Kansas City Federal Reserve District, 1918-21 (40 feet), are in NA. Other records are in the Public Debt Bureau, Treasury De- partment. References; Treasury Department, Annual Report. 1919, p. 32-36. NATIONAL WOMAN'S LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE, Treasury Department.—Composed of 12 women appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury in May 1917, one for each Federal Reserve district, who supervised the work of State and local organizations. Constituted the Liberty Loan Depart- ment of the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense. Mrs. William G. McAdoo, Chairman. Functions: To cooperate in the work of the War Loan Organization. The Committee served in a publicity and a selling capacity for all five of the Liberty Loams, Records: In the Treasury Department, References: National Woman's Liberty Loan Committee, Reports ... for lst-4th Liberty Loan Campaigns (Washington, 1918), and Report . . . for Victory Loan Campaign. April 21-May 10. 1919 (Washington, 1920). NATURAL GAS BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Created in May 1918; terminated in June 1919. Functions; To promote the use of natural gas in order to conserve other fuels. The Bureau "stopped wasteful practices in certain producing fields, and among domestic consumers, by means of educational campaigns, and was instrumental in having restrictions placed on the use of natural gas in locali- ties where the demand was heavy and the supply limited.'* Records; Correspondence and related papers are Included in the central files of the Division in NA. NATURAL GAS DIVISION, PETROLEUM AND, Mines Bureau, Interior Depart- ment.—See PETROLEUM DIVISION. NATURAL GAS SECTION, Oil Conservation Bureau, Oil Division, Fuel Ad- ministration.—See OIL CONSERVATION BUREAU. NATURALIZATION BUREAU, Labor Department.—In existence since June 29, 1906; became a part of the newly created Labor Department in 1913j and as the Immigration and Naturalization Service was transferred in June 1940 to the Justice Department, Its Americanization work was greatly expanded during the war. At that time Richard K« Campbell served as Commissioner, Functions: To supervise the naturalization of aliens and to assist them in becoming good American citizens; to cooperate with military and naval authorities in facilitating the 375 naturalization of aliens in the service of the United States, made possible by an act of Congress of May 9, 1918; and to assist the Array exemption boards in determining the status of foreign-born resi- dents. Records; 1917-20 (54 feet) in NA. Include some court lists of aliens naturalized under the act of May 9, 1918, and Americaniza- tion records. The general files of the Bureau, retained in the Jus- tice Department, contain most of the records of the war period. Ref- erences; Darrell H. Smith, The Bureau of Naturalization (Baltimore, 192£YT NATURALIZATION SECTION, REGISTRATION AND, War Emergency Division, Jus- tice Department.—See REGISTRATION AND NATURALIZATION SECTION. NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS COMMITTEE, NAVIGATION AND, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division, National Research Council.—See NAVIGATION AND NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS COMMITTEE. NAVAL ACADEMY SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.—Estab- lished in March 1917. Its functions today are performed by the Train- ing Facilities Section. Functions; To have charge of the design and construction of buildings, roads, and the like at the Naval Academy at Annapolis. Records; Dispersed among the general files of the Bu- reau in NA. NAVAL AERONAUTICS OFFICE, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department,—Es- tablished by an order of the Secretary of October 15, 1915. Trans- ferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics in 1921, Functions: To submit recommendations as to types, numbers, and general characteristics of aircraft for the naval service. After conferring with the technical bureaus concerned as to the practicability of such recommendations, the Chief of Naval Operations submitted to the Secretary of the Navy a program for naval aircraft. Records: 1914-21 (251 feet) in NA, Include general correspondence, blueprints, confidential reports, or- ders, dispatches, requisitions for equipment, contract awards, and flight log sheets. References« W. H. Sits, A History of U. S. Naval Aviation. 9-13 (Aeronautics Bureau, Technical Note, No, 18. Yfeshing- ton, 1930)j A, W. Johnson, A Brief History of the Organization of the Navy Department, 93-94 (1933. Processed). NAVAL AIRCRAFT FACTORY (PHILADELPHIA), Navy Department.—On July 27, 1917, after a preliminary study to determine the feasibility of con- structing and putting into operation an aircraft factory owned by the Navy Department, work was begun on a plant at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. The Department's chief purposes in the project were to assure a part, at least, of its aircraft supply, to obtain cost data for guidance in dealing with private manufacturers, and to have under its own control a factory capable of producing experimental work. The factory was formerly operated by a naval officer who acted as manager or superintendent under the direction of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Today it is operated under the direction of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Functions; As indicated above. In addition to facilities for manufacturing airplanes and airplane engines, the factory includes laboratories, shops, and equipment for experimental work and testing, as well as a supply department that has distributed technical aircraft material to the whole naval aviation organization. Records; 1917-33 (359 feet) in NA. Include reports and miscellane- ous papers regarding material and structural tests, blueprints and experimental drawings, general correspondence, and personnel records. References; W, H. Sitz, A History of U. S> Naval Aviation (Aeronau tics Bureau, Technical Note. No. 18. (Washington, 1930)j S. M. Kraus, ‘•The Naval Aircraft Factory," in Aero Digest, 36; 46-47 (Feb. 1940). 376 NAVAL BOARD FOR APPRAISAL AND CONDEMNATION, Navy Department.—See NAVY BOARD FOR COMMANDEERING, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS, LONDON, Navy Department.—See LONDON NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS. NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS, PARIS, Navy Department.—See PARIS NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS. NAVAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department,— See COMMUNICATION DIVISION. NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD, Navy Department.—Created in July 1915 as the Naval Advisory Board, with Thomas A. Edison, the famous inventor, as President, In addition to the President and a member nominated by him, it consisted of two delegates from each of the leading scientific societies of the country. It met for organization on October 6, 1915, when it adopted the name Naval Consulting Board. In November it es- tablished the following Comnittees; Aeronautics; Chemistry and Phys- ics; Electricity; Food and Sanitation; Industrial Preparedness; In- ternal Combustion Motors; Life-Saving Appliances; Mines and Torpedoes; Navigation Aids; Ordnance and Explosives; Public Works, Yards, and Docks; Ship Construction; Steam Engineering and Ship Propulsion; Sub- marines; Transportation; and Wireless and Communications. The follow- ing Committees were organized laterj Chemistry; Fuel and Fuel Hand- ling; Metallurgy; Optical Glass; Physics; and Special Problems (with regard to developing devices for detecting and destroying enemy sub- marines). The Naval Consulting Board was given official status by the Naval Appropriation Act of August 29, 1916, and on September 19, 1916, it was given official appointment by the Secretary of the Navy. In February 1917 the Board began to serve as the Board of Inventions for the Council of National Defense. It continued after the war as an agency of the Navy Department. Functions: To give technical aid and advice on naval problems, improve the instruments of warfare, espe- cially those of submarine warfare, survey national industrial re- sources, and mobilize the inventive talents of the nation. Records; Those in NA consist chiefly of general correspondence files, 1915-34 (325 feet). Also in NA are questionnaires of a survey of industrial resources made by the Board in 1916 among the records of the Council of National Defense and the War Industries Board, References: Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1915, p. 44-47; 1916, p. 67-69; Lloyd N. Scott, The Naval Consulting Board of the United States (Washington 1920); William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After. 29-32 (New York, 1919). NAVAL COUNCIL, ALLIED.—See ALLIED NAVAL COUNCIL. NAVAL DISTRICTS DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—The naval districts, which were set up in 1902 and 1903 for the naval de- fense of the coast and the regional administration of the shore estab- lishments of the Navy Department, were placed under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Navigation. The Office of Naval Militia Affairs and Naval Districts, established in the Bureau in 1912, was transferred in 1916 to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, It became the Naval Districts Division in 1918. Functions: To handle the central administrative work in connection with naval districts and to advise the Chief of Naval Operations in regard to matters of policy affecting them. In time of war or national emergency the Division has cogni- zance of commandeering vessels for the Navy and of returning these vessels upon demobilization. Records: 1915-37 (76 feet) in NA. 377 Include correspondence and reports relating to the use of private vessels by the Navy during the World War and their disposition there- after, General correspondence from 1917 is still in the custody of the Division. References; Navy Department, Annual Reports, 1916, p. 87; 1917, p. 6j 1918, p. 20-21; Naval Operations Office, Naval District Manual, 1921 (Washington 1921), Histories of activities in the various naval districts during the war have been prepared by the Office of Naval Records and Library and are available in that Office. NAVAL INSURANCE DIVISION, MILITARY AND, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—See MILITARY AND NAVAL INSURANCE DIVISION. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICE, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.— Established in 1882 in the Bureau of Navigation. After experienc- ing several transfers it was in 1915 attached to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Known also as the Intelligence Division. Functions: To collect and disseminate technical information about naval affairs; to cooperate with other agencies of the Government in apprehending persons engaged in activities against the United States; and to supervise the activities of naval attaches stationed in foreign countries and field agents in the United States. Records: 1886-1922 (87 feet) in NA. Consist of naval attaches1 reports, papers relating to merchant vessels and their suitability for naval use in time of war, and papers relating to the movements of merchant vessels during the war. Other naval attaches' reports for the war period are in the Office of Naval Records and Library, The general correspondence since 1912 is in the Office of Naval Intelligence. References; Albert P, Niblack, The History and Aims of the Office of Naval Intelligence (printed but not published, Washington, 1920); Edward McCauley, "The Office of Naval intelligence Before and During the World War" (1920. Manuscript in the Office of Naval Records and Library). NAVAL MILITIA AFFAIRS DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department.— Administrative matters connected with Federal contributions'to the naval militia of the States, which had been made since 1891, were placed under the Bureau of Navigation in 1912. In 1914 the naval militia was placed under Federal control and the Naval Militia Af- fairs Division was established under the Bureau. On May 5, 1915, the Division was transferred to the Office of the Chief of Naval Op- erations, but on September 22, 1916, it was returned to the Bureau of Navigation. Upon the outbreak of the war the naval militia be- came part of the National Naval Volunteers, and the activities of the Division were thereafter greatly restricted. It was discontin- ued in 1918. The function of providing a reserve force for the use of the Navy in time of war was continued by the Naval Reserve Force Division, which was created in the Bureau in September 1919. Func- tions: As indicated above. Records; 1891-1918 (60 feet) in NA. Correspondence and other records. References; Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1916, p. 2, 24, 778; 1917, p. 24-25; 1918, p. 67, 71. NAVAL OBSERVATORY, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department.—Originated in 1830, in the Depot of Charts and Instruments, which was later known as the Naval Observatory and Hydrographical Office. The Hydrographic Office became a separate agency in 1866. Functions; To supply and care for the navigational instruments used by the Navy; to provide the data required for navigational astronomy; and to establish the standard time. Records; Those for the war period are in the Navy Department. 378 NAVAL OPERATIONS OFFICE, Navy Department.—An act of March 3, 1915, provided for the office of Chief of Naval Operations, and the posi- tion was first filled on May 11, 1915, by the appointment of Rear Admiral William S. Benson, who held it until September 25, 1919. The units operating under the Office of Naval Operations during the war included the Communication, Inspection, Intelligence, Material, Naval Districts, Operating Forces, Planning, and Submarine Divisions (seme of which also had other designations); the Offices of Gunnery Exercises and Engineering Performances and of Naval Aeronautics; and the Armed Guard Section. Functions: To direct the operations of the fleet and develop plans for its use in war. Records: Those in NA for the war period consist of records of the Chief of Naval Op- erations, included in the files of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, and records of some of the subdivisions listed above. Other records are in the Navy Department, where many of them re- lating to the war have been assembled in the Office of Naval Rec- ords and Library. References: A. W. Johnson, A Brief History of the Organization of the Navy Department. 75-83 {l933« Processed}. NAVAL ORDNANCE SPECIAL BOARD, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department,—See INVENTIONS, RESEARCH, AND TRIALS DIVISION. NAVAL OVERSEAS TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, Operating Forces Division, Na- val Operations Office, Navy Department.—Established by order of the Chief of Naval Operations of January 9, 1918. A large fleet was built up of vessels taken over from the merchant marine, of Dutch vessels, and of new vessels furnished by the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. A General Inspector was assigned to New York on March 20, 1918, and removed to Washington on January 1, 1919. District supervisors were stationed at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, and Charleston. Abolished on July 7, 1920, Functions; To direct the operation of a fleet of vessels engaged in carrying supplies to naval forces in Europe and to assist the Army in transporting and supplying the American Ex- peditionary Forces in France. Upon the conclusion of hostilities, while part of the fleet was being demobilized, another part was used to supply the forces maintained in Europe and to transport troops home. Records; Those in NA feet) include correspond- ence of the General Inspector and of the district supervisors at New York and Baltimore, Most of the records, however, including other records of the district supervisors, are in the Office of Naval Records and Library. References: Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1918, p, 19, 20, 27; 1919, p. 2236-2237; Lewis P. Clephane, "History of the Naval Overseas Transportation Service in the World War" (1920, Manuscript in the Office of Naval Records and Library); Josephus Daniels, Our Navy at War. 241-249 (Washington, 1922). NAVAL RECORDS AND LIBRARY OFFICE, Naval Intelligence Office, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—See HISTORICAL SECTION. NAVIGATION AIDS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.— Created on November 4, 1915. Consisted of five members; Elmer A. Sperry, Chairman,—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD, NAVIGATION AND ENGINEERING SCHOOLS, Recruiting Service, Shipping Board.—The Navigation Schools were established on June 4, 1917, and were discontinued on September 15, 1921; the Engineering Schools were opened in July 1917 and were discontinued on Decem- ber 31, 1921. By September 1918 there were 43 Navigation and 12 Engineering Schools in existence. After September 23, 1919, they 379 were under the direct supervision of the Shipping Board. Henry G, Vaughan, Superintendent. Functions: To provide quick and inten- sive training for deck and engineer officers of the merchant marine. Records: 1917-21 (25 feet) in NA. Include administrative corre- spondence and reports of the various Schools. NAVIGATION AND NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS COMMITTEE, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division, National Research Council.— Appointed in 1917 at the request of the General Munitions Board with L. A. Bauer as Chairman. Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions: To investigate problems concerning navigation and the use, manufacture, and supply of nautical instru- ments in time of war. The Committee cooperated with the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation in the preparation of specifica- tions for ship watches, sextants, compasses, aneroid barometers, thermometers, hydrometers, marine glasses, and other nautical equip- ment required for the emergency fleet. Records; In the National Research Council. NAVIGATION BUREAU, Commerce Department,—Established in 1884. United with the Steamboat Inspection Service in 1932 to form the Navigation and Steamboat Inspection Bureau, which became the Marine Inspection and Navigation Bureau in 1936. This Bureau was abolished in March 1942, when its functions were transferred to the Coast Guard and the Customs Bureau, Functions: To administer the navigation laws of the United States. During the war, it cooperated with the Shipping Board in connection with the operating of merchant vessels under Government ownership and control and with the Council of National Defense, the War and Navy Departments, and the war missions of the Allies. Records; 1789-1941 (combined with the records of the Steam- boat Inspection Service, total 4,090 feet) in NA. Those for the period of the war Include general correspondence and certificates of registry, enrollment, and license. References; Lloyd M. Short, The Bureau of Navigation (Baltimore, 1923). NAVIGATION BUREAU, Navy Department.—Created in 1862, During the war it operated through various units including the Aviation, Chaplains, Enlisted Personnel, Mail and File, and Sixth (later Morale) Divisions, and the Naval Auxiliary and Navy Mobilization Services. The Hydro- graphic Office and the Naval Observatory were also under its juris- diction. Functions: To serve primarily as the personnel bureau of the Department. Responsible for the procurement, education, training, discipline, and distribution of the officers and enlisted personnel of the Navy; the issuance, recording, and enforcement of the orders of the Secretary of the Navy to individual officers; the maintenance of records of service of officers and men; matters pertaining to ap- pointments and commissions; and the upkeep and operation of the Naval Academy and other schools and of the Naval Home at Philadelphia, Records: 1801-1941 (31,600 feet) in NA. Records for the period of the war include general correspondence; service records of enlisted personnel; inactive officers records; recruiting and enlistment rec- ords; certificates of identification; muster rolls; ship logbooks; ship files of radio messages; and photographs of officers and vessels. Other records are in the Navy Department. NAVY ALASKAN COAL COMMISSION, Navy Department.—Originated in a sense in the Navy Alaska Coal Commission, which was appointed on May 31, 1919, and was charged with the duty of investigating the coal situa- tion in Alaska. On May 3, 1920, the Navy Alaskan Coal Commission was appointed to undertake the mining of coal in Alaska for the use 380 of the Navy. Terminated on May 1, 1922, when the Interior Depart- ment took over the functions of the Conmission. Commander Otto C. Dowling, Senior Member. Functions; As indicated above. Records; 1920-22 (3 feet) in NA. Correspondence and miscellaneous papers. The whereabouts of the Navy Alaska Coal Commission records is unknown. NAVY ARTILLERY SUBCOMMITTEE, ARMY AND, General Munitions Board, Coun- cil of National Defense.—See ARMY AND NAVY ARTILLERY SUBCOMMITTEE. NAVY BOARD FOR CONWANDEERING, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy De- partment.—Orginated on September 15, 1917, when its members were appointed "to inventory, appraise and take the necessary steps to take over for Government use, all machinery and equipment in Hamburg- American stores, Hoboken, New Jersey." On February 13, 1918, upon the recommendation of the Director of Naval Intelligence, the duties of the Navy Board for Commandeering were expanded. Its work was distributed among seven Sections; Chief Clerk, Machinery, Materials, Appraisals, Shipping, Distribution of Lists, and Files. It functioned directly under the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts and continued in existence until December 1919. Also known as the Naval Board for Ap- praisal and Condemnation. Functions; To commandeer machine tools, machinery, foodstuffs, raw materials, metals, and other articles of interest to the Navy held in and around the New York area. Records; 1917-19 in NA. General correspondence (2 feet), claims files, and the final report of the Board (in the Secretary’s files). References; Supplies and Accounts Bureau, "Historical Record of the Activities of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts . , , 1917-18," 46-49 ([1919?]. Manuscript in Office of Naval Records and Library). NAVY DEPARTMENT.—An executive department established in 1798. During the period of the war it functioned through the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; the Judge Advocate General's Office; the Bureaus of Construction and Repair, Medicine and Surgery, Navigation, Ordnance, Steam Engineering, Supplies and Accounts, and Yards and Docks; the Ma- rine Corps Headquarters; and various boards, such as the General Board, the Naval Consulting Board, and the Compensation Board. The Coast Guard functioned as a part of the Navy during the war, Josephus Dan- iels, Secretary; Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary. Func- tions ; Among the war functions of the Department were coast patrol duties, the protection of merchant ships and the solution of the sub- marine problem, and cooperation with the War Department in transport- ing troops and supplies. During the war the Assistant Secretary was in general concerned with the conduct of the business affairs of the Navy, and immediately after the war with demobilization activities. Records; The greater part of the records of the various bureaus and offices of the Navy Department for the war period are in NA. Included are general correspondence and other records of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary, References; Navy Department, Annual Reports. 1917-21; Judge Advocate General (Navy), Laws Relating to the Navy (Wash ington, 1922); Josephus Daniels, Our Navy at War (Washington, 1922); Siting E. Morison, Admiral Sims and the Modern American Navy, ch. 13- 24 (Boston, 1942); Waldo G. Leland and Newton D. Mereness, Introduc- tion to the American Official Sources for the Economic and Social His- tory of the World War. 104-112 (New Haven, 1926), which includes a list of published and manuscript histories of the activities of the Department during the war. NAVY DEPARTMENT, AUDITOR FOR THE, Treasury Department.—See AUDITOR FOR THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. 381 NAVY PATENT BOARD, ARMY AND.—See ARMY AND NAVY PATENT BOARD. NEGATIVE BRANCH, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Created on August 18, 1918, by uniting the following Sections; Foreign Influence; Enemy Propaganda; Army; News; and Military Morale. In September 1918 the Travel and Fraud Sections were added. At one time it included a Subsection which maintained relations with the American Protective League, On October 19, 1918, the Military Morale Section became a separate Branch. The major portion of the intelligence work of the Branch, distinctly negative in character, was discontinued with the cessation of hostilities, and by 1920 only three Sections remained; Foreign Influence, News, and Graft and Fraud. Functions< To collect, collate, and dissemi- nate information upon which preventive measures against enemy and disloyal activity tending to impair military efficiency might be based. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. NEGRO DEPARTMENT, States Administration Division, Food Administration,— See NEGRO PRESS SECTION, Educational Division, NEGRO DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department,—Created by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor dated February 22, 1918, and organized on May 1, 1918. Worked in conjunction with the Negro Economics Division of the Department, Termination date uncertain. Functions; To prepare plans for the mobilization, employment, and housing of Negro labor. Records; Whereabouts unknown. NEGRO ECONOMICS DIVISION, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,— Upon recommendation of the Advisory Council, the War Labor Adminis- trator on May 1, 1918, appointed a Director of Negro Economics to act as adviser to him on questions involving the Negro and to have charge of a Division of Negro Economics. The administration of the Division's policies was in the hands of a field force of State super- visors of Negro economics who worked in close cooperation with the Federal directors of the Employment Service in the States. Through- out the country cooperative committees of white and colored citizens were formed to consider matters relating to Negro labor. The Divi- sion completed a study on "Negro Migration in 1916-17," begun outside the Department, and made a report on "The Negro at Work During the World War and During Reconstruction," both of which were published as bulletins. When Congress failed to appropriate funds for the Di- vision, it was continued by the Secretary of Labor until March A, 1921, as a "necessary but temporary post-war service." Functions; To enlist the interest of Negroes in the war effort, to foster inter- racial cooperation, and to investigate and report upon Negro economic problems. Records; Authorized for disposition by Congress on May 7, 1928. References; Labor Department, Reports. 1918, p, 111-115; 1919, p. 132-135; 1920, p. AO-4-1, 70-73; Gordon S. Watkins, Labor problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War, 219-221 ([Urbana, 1920]). NEGRO EDUCATION DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Department,—See RACIAL GROUPS DIVISION. NEGRO PRESS SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.—Estab- lished on November 16, 1917; abolished in October 1918, at which time its functions were probably taken over by the Negro Department of the States Administration Division. Functions; To keep the Negroes in- formed of Food Administration conservation programs through their press, schools, motion-picture theaters, and social organizations. 382 Records: 1917-18 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence of this Section and of the Negro Department and lists of colored ministers, schools, and social organizations. NET SECTION, MINES AND, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy De- partment,—See MINES AND NET SECTION. NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Divi- sion, National Research Council.—Created in 1917 as the Psychiatry Subcommittee of the Medicine and hygiene Conmittee; became in 1918 the Neurology and Psychology Conmittee in the Medicine and Related Sciences Division. Stewart Paton, Chairman, Functions: Its under- takings included an analysis of the records of 13,000 soldiers dis- charged from service because of nervous and mental disturbances. Records; In the National Research Council, NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War De- partment.—Organized on July 19, 1917, by Office Order No, 166, Transferred in November 1918 to the Medicine Division as its Neuro- psychiatry Section, Functions: To conduct neuropsychiatric exami- nations for all drafted recruits and applicants for enlistment, and to furnish personnel trained in neuropsychiatry for field duty (at base hospitals or, after January 1918, in tactical divisions). The duties of such personnel were to keep in touch with the mental state of the command, to further the prompt evacuation of the unfit, and to see that proper treatment was provided for cases of nervous dis- orders. After the war, the functions of the Section had to do pri- marily with the care and disposition of the neuropsychiatric patients held over from the war. Records; With those of the Office in NA. NEUROLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Sup- plies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZA- TION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. NEUROPSYCHIATRY SECTION, Medicine Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY DIVISION. NEUTRAL COUNTRIES DIVISION, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian,— Organized in 1917. Abolished shortly after the war. Functions; To be responsible for the supervision of the property of those alien enemies who were residents of neutral countries, of the countries as- sociated with the United States in the war, and of other countries that had either declared war upon the Central Powers or broken off relations with them. Records; Among those of the Trusts Bureau in NA. NEW YORK CANAL SECTION, Railroad Administration.—Apparently originated with the appointment of a manager on April 22, 1918. Probably dis- continued on September 5, 1918, Functions; To supervise the con- struction, acquisition, and operation of equipment on the New York State Barge Canal. Records; Whereabouts unknown. NEW YORK HARBOR WAGE ADJUSTMENT BOARD.—Created on October 20, 1917, under the sponsorship of the Shipping Board, by agreement of certain harbor-craft owners and the Marine Workers' Affiliation of the Port of New York. At first made up of three members, one each from the Shipping Board and the Departments of Labor and Commerce, The Board was increased in May and June 1913 to seven, the new members repre- senting harbor-craft employees, harbor-craft owners, the Railroad 383 Administration, and employees of railroad-owned harbor craft. The Board maintained close relations with the Shipping Board, which in practice acted as the enforcement agency for its decisions, and with the National Adjustment Commission. Terminated early in 1919. Known officially as the "Board of Arbitration, New York Harbor Wage Adjust- ment, United States Shipping Board," Functions: To arbitrate dis- putes concerning wages and working conditions on tugs, barges, lighters ferries, and other harbor craft in the port of New York. Records: 1917 19 (5 feet) in NA. Include administrative files, general correspond- ence, complaints, minutes of meetings, transcripts of hearings, and official decisions. References; Shipping Board, Marine and Dock In- dustrial Relations Division, Marine and Dock Labor; Work. Wages, and Industrial Relations During the Period of the War; Report of the Di- rector . . . December 31, 1918, p. 29-34 (Washington, 1919). NEWS DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—Estab- lished in July 1917. After October 1, 1918, this work was performed by the News Section of the newly created Field Division. Mrs, Joseph R. Lamar, Chairman. Functions; To furnish material to the press re- lating to the work of the woman's Committee and war activities of women It published a semimonthly news letter concerning women's activities, and its Foreign News Bureau collected news of women's activities and problems in other lands. Records; Among those of the Council in NA. Include correspondence and publicity material. NEWS DIVISION, Conmittee on Public Information.—Created in April 1917 and discontinued in December 1918. L. Ames Brown, J. W. McConaughy, and Leigh Reilly, Directors successively. Functions; To prepare and release news concerning the war effort of the Government, especially news of the Array and Navy, and to acbinister the voluntary censorship. Records: 1917-18 (6 feet) in NA. Consist of news releases, most of which are dated in 1917, Some correspondence and numerous mimeographed press releases were disposed of as useless papers in 1928. NEWS SECTION, Field Division, Council of National Defense.—Organized on October 1, 1918, and probably terminated early in 1919. Functions; To publish a magazine. National Defense (of which only one number was issued), and to distribute other news material to the State councils of defense and cooperating organizations. Records; Among those of the Council in NA. NEWS SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department,—Created on August 16, 1917, as the Censorship Section, At its maximum it operated through the following 14 Subsec- tions; Executive, Legal, Postal, Prisoners of War, Radio, Telegraph and Telephone, Commercial Motion Picture, Official Photograph, Photo- graphic Permit, Press, Foreign Language Press, Book, Propaganda, and Digest; it also included a Clipping Bureau. At the conclusion of the war censorship became unnecessary, but the informational functions were continued. Functions; To handle the increased volume of work resulting from the assumption of the duty of Chief Military Censor by the Director of Military Intelligence, a function which entailed the examination of publications ana communications for purposes of cen- sorship. Also to collect and digest current news. Records; Some of those relating to censorship are in NA. NEWSPAPER DIVISION, FOREIGN LANGUAGE, Committee on Public Information.- See FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER DIVISION. 384 NEWSPAPER SECTION, Pulp and Paper Division, War Industries Board.—Or- ganized on October 1 and discontinued on December 31, 1918. Func- tions ; To administer the rules and regulations of the Board apply- ing to weekly and daily newspapers. Records? 1918 (13 feet) in NA. Chiefly reports of publishers on amounts of papers used and on hand. NICKEL COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee in June 1917j dissolved in November, when its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board. Functions: To provide information concerning nickel. Rec- ords: Most of them are in the possession of private individuals, but a few fragments are scattered through the records of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. NITRATE COMMISSION, War Department,—Appointed by the Assistant Secre- tary of War on March 26, 1918, following the decision of the Govern- ment to construct additional nitrate-producing plants in view of the increasingly critical situation with regard to this commodity. Com- posed of the Chiefs of Ordnance of the War and Navy Departments, the Chief Chemist of the Bureau of Mines, a representative of the War Industries Board, and three representatives of the National Research Council, Oano Dunn, W. R, Whitney, and A. A. Npyes. The latter served as Chairman. Functioned as late as October 10, 1918. Functions; To recommend processes to be used in the new nitrate plants. Records; 1918 (6 inches) in NA. Reports of the Commission, together with pa- pers submitted to it, are in the files of the Nitrate Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department. NITRATE COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED STATES.—Established on February 20, 1918, with offices in New York City, in order to facilitate execution of the decisions of the Nitrate of Soda Executive and the War Indus- tries Board with regard to the importation and distribution of sodium nitrate, as well as to maintain the interests of the nitrate import- ing firms in the proportions prevailing prior to the entrance of the United States into the war. Consisted of two representatives of each of the four approved importers and a representative of the War Indus- tries Board who, besides acting as liaison officer between the Board and the Committee, directed the routine work of the latter body. From the termination of the Board on December 31, 1918, until the dissolu- tion of the Committee, probably in the spring of 1919, the Government representative acted on behalf of the War Trade Board, Functions; Subject to the authority of the War Industries Board, to draft or visa contracts for importation and distribution of nitrate of soda, to ap- portion purchases among the importers, to negotiate with the shipping authorities for vessels to be used in importing nitrate, to allocate such vessels among the importers, and to fix pool prices. Records; Whereabouts unknown. Records relating to the Committee and its ac- tivities (3 feet) are in NA in the War Industries Board consolidated or "commodity" files (under the heading "Nitrate of Soda"). Include correspondence of the Chemicals and Explosives Section of the War In- dustries Board concerning the origin and activities of the Committee; correspondence of the Board representative (H. Ray Paige) and other Committee officers with the Section; and copies of correspondence be- tween the Committee and the importers. NITRATE DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on July 21, 1917, in accordance with a letter of July 13 from the Secretary of War instructing the Ordnance Department to undertake ni- trogen fixation projects that had been recommended by committees of 385 investigation and approved by the President and to construct and oper- ate the necessary plants. Included the following Sections: Auxiliary; Commissioned Personnel; Contract; Engineering; Finance and Accounts; Inspection; Mail and [Nitrate] Plant No. 1; [Nitrate] Plants Nos, 2, 3> and 4; Personnel; Purchase; and Research Technical. Also included the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, established on March 29, 1919. Assisted in its work by the Council of National Defense, the National Research Council, the War Industries Board, and other agencies. Functions; To handle the investigations and manufacturing operations authorized by section 124 of the National Defense Act of June 3, 1916, wherein $20,000,000 was appropriated for nitrate supply; to carry on investigations leading to improvements in processes of ni- trogen fixation; to construct plants for the manufacture of ammonium nitrate; to have jurisdiction over experimental stations; and to co- operate with universities, technical schools, Government bureaus, and the National Research Council in connection with nitrogen fixation work. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. NITRATE INVESTIGATIONS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Di- vision, National Research Council.—Appointed in May 1918 under au- thority granted by the Second Assistant Secretary of War on April 23, 1918, replacing the Subcommittee on Nitrates and Ammonia. Consisted of A. A. Noyes, Chairman, and John Johnston, members of the Council who were serving as consulting chemists to the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, War Department, and Lt. Col. Alfred H. White, who was in charge of the Research Technical Section of the Nitrate Division in that Office. The actions of the Committee were subject to the ap- proval of the Chief of the Nitrate Division. Known also as the Ni- trate Research Committee. Functions; To survey researches in prog- ress; to plan further investigations to be made by the Research Technical Section and the Committee in cooperation with other Federal agencies, universities, scientific institutions, and industrial labo- ratories; to perform the liaison work necessary for the active prose- cution of such investigations; to scrutinize the researches of the Section and its collaborators; and to make recommendations designed to promote their effectiveness. Records; In the National Research Council. Material about the Committee, Committee reports, and re- ports of individual members is among records of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory (investigation 53) in NA. NITRATE OF SODA EXECUTIVE.—Established on December 19, 1917, by inter- national agreement between the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia,'and joined by Japan in January 1918. Also referred to as the Interallied Nitrate Committee. Each nation appointed either one or two representatives, who acted subject to the approval of their governments. The Director of the Commission Internationale de Ravi- taillement served as Chairman; the American representative, Robert P. Skinner, Consul General in London, was Vice Chairman; and a Director of Purchases carried out the decisions of the Executive. Functioned in close connection with the British Ministry of Munitions. Termi- nated in April or May 1919. Functions; To control the price and dis- tribution of. nitrate of soda by negotiating for the purchase of such nitrate from the Chilean authorities, allocating the quantities pur- chased among the participants in the pool and neutrals, obtaining ship- ping facilities from interallied shipping authorities, apportioning those facilities among the various nations obtaining nitrate, and fix- ing monthly pool prices. Records; Records concerning the Executive (if feet) are in the War Industries Board consolidated or "commodity" files in NA. Include printed and mimeographed statements of purchases 386 and stocks available, agenda and minutes of -meetings, reports of the Secretary and the Director of Purchases, and correspondence between the War Industries Board, the State Department, and the American rep- resentative. [NITRATE] PLANT NO. 1 SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.--Created during the latter part of 1917. Functions: To handle the construction and operation of U. S. Nitrate Plant No. 1, at Sheffield, Ala., for the production of synthetic ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and nitric acid. These functions included the investigation of manufacturing facilities, prices, and materials, the maintenance of progress and cost records, and the handling of authorizations for purchases of materials. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. NITRATE PLANTS INTERDEPARTMENTAL BOARD, LOCATION OF.—Established by Executive Order No. 2515, January 15, 1917, under authority of the National Defense Act of June 3, 1916, Consisted of the Secretaries of Agriculture, the Interior, and War, the last-named being Chairman. In accordance with a memorandum of the Secretary of War, dated Feb- ruary 10, 1917, the technical work of the Board was assigned to the Office of the Chief of Engineers of the War Department, The Board was largely inactive after the first month or two of its existence owing to the development of plans for producing nitrogen without us- ing large amounts of water power. It appears, however, to have con- tributed to the selection in September 1917 of Muscle Shoals, Ala., as a site for a nitrate plant. Functions: To ascertain and recom- mend to the President the most suitable water-power sites for the location of plants designed to produce nitric acid and other prod- ucts required in the manufacture of explosives and fertilizers. Rec- ords: Memoranda of the Board and other papers relating to its activi- ties (1917-18) are in NA among records of the Nitrate Division of the Ordnance Chief's Office (particularly in a volume labeled "Original Papers Covering Appropriation for Nitrate Plants and Nitrate Division"); in correspondence files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture for 1921 under the heading "Muscle Shoals"; and among records of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory. [NITRATE] PLANTS NOS. 2, 3, AND 4 SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created in 1918. Nitrate Plant No. 2, at Muscle Shoals, Ala., began operations for the production of ammonium nitrate on October 22, 1918, Nitrate Plant No, 3, at Toledo, Ohio, and Nitrate Plant No. 4, at Ancor, Ohio, founded for the pro- duction of ammonium nitrate, were only about one-third completed at the time of the armistice, and shortly thereafter they were turned over to the Salvage Board for disposition. Functions; To supervise the construction, the operation,• and the solving of the technical problems of Nitrate Plants Nos. 2, 3, and U. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. NITRATE RESEARCH COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See NITRATE INVESTIGATIONS COMMITTEE. NITRATE SECTION, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Originated in work begun under authority of the Food and Fuel Control Act in the fall of 1917 by M. R. Mlkinson, Assistant to the Secretary of Agri- culture, with the assistance of the Bureau of Markets and the States Relations Service. Established, following delegation of authority by the Secretary to the Chief of the Bureau on January 22, 1913, under the project name "Procuring and Disposing of Nitrate of Soda." Also 533477 0 - 43 - 26 387 known as the "Purchase and Distribution of Nitrate of Soda Project." The higher personnel were associated with the cotton projects and a part of the field force with the States Relations Service. Major activities terminated early in 1920 and the project ceased to exist about October. Its business was handled thereafter by the Cotton Marketing Division of the Bureau. Functions: To acquire nitrate of soda and distribute it to farmers at cost, thereby stabilizing the price of fertilizer and fostering agricultural production. Records: Those in NA (12 feet) consist of correspondence and other papers, in- cluding correspondence of Wilkinson, 1917-21, and related correspond- ence covering the origins and general development of nitrate distri- bution by the Department in the Secretary’s incoming correspondence files, 1917 and 1918, particularly in files on fertilizer. A manu- script entitled "A Report of the Project 'Procuring and Disposing of Nitrate of Soda' as of August 15, 1920," is in the Secretary's incom- ing correspondence files, 1920. NITRATE SUPPLY COMMITTEE, National Research Council.—Appointed in May 1916 at the instance of the Secretary of War by the president of the National Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with the American Chemi- cal Society, and known originally as the Nitric Add Supply Coomittee. Consisted of nine scientists and engineers under the chairmanship of A. A. Noyes, On March 26, 1917, a new Nitrate Supply Committee with similar functions was appointed. This Committee, on its own recom- mendation, was superseded in April by a Nitrate Supply Committee in the War Department, which was virtually identical in personnel. Dis- continued on August 15, 1917. Functions; To supply such information as might aid the War Department in ascertaining the best method of manufacturing nitric acid by a process not involving dependence upon a foreign source of supply. Records: In the National Research Coun- cil, A copy of the summary and conclusions of the final report of the first committee, dated January 6, 1917, is in NA in the general correspondence files for 1921 of the Office of the Secretary of Agri- culture. Correspondence of the War Department relating to this com- mittee, 1916-17, is among records of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory and of the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, in NA. NITRATE SUPPLY COMMITTEE, War Department.—Appointed on April 9, 1917, by the Secretary of War to replace and continue the work of the Ni- trate Supply Comittee of the National Research Council, which had been appointed at his request. Comprised, in addition to the Chiefs of Ordnance of the War and Navy Departments, representatives of the De- partment of Agriculture, the Bureau of Mines, and the Bureau of Stand- ards, and a number of engineers and scientists not connected with the Government. The Chief of Ordnance, War Department, was Chairman. The Committee submitted a report on May 11, 1917, which was approved by the Secretary of War on July 13, 1917, and formed the basis for the domestic nitrate program of the Government. Functions: s-inriLar to those of the Nitrate Supply Committee, National Research Council. Particularly to consider the subject of nitrate supply in the light of that Committee's report and the reports of certain other official investigators. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Records in NA re- lating to its activities include correspondence scattered in files of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, the Ordnance Chief's Office, and the Nitrate Division of that Office. References: Ordnance De- partment, A Statement of the Action Taken and Contemplated Looking to the Fixation of Nitrogen (Washington. 19171). NITRATES AND ACIDS SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department,—Apparently organized for the duration of the war. 388 Functions: To have charge of matters of design, development, manu- facture, and procurement with reference to nitrogen fixation, includ- ing plant design, construction, and operation and the manufacture of nitrates and acids used in the manufacture of powder and high explo- sives. Cooperated with the Powder, Explosives, and Fuse Section. Records: In the Navy Department. NITRATES AND AMMONIA SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Established on August 15, 1917, as the Nitrogen Fixation Subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, re- placing the Nitrate Supply Committee. Assumed the name given above on September 13, 1917. Also known as the Nitrate Supply Committee. Became a part of the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division in 1918. Original membership included Arthur A. Noyes, Chairman, and Alfred H. White of the Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, Subsequently Frederick G. Keyes of the Massachusetts In- stitute of Technology was added to the membership. Replaced in May 1918 by the Nitrate Investigations Coranittee of the Council, Func- tions: To perform the functions of the parent committee insofar as they pertained to investigations into the production of nitrogen com- pounds and ammonia. Records: In the National Research Council. A copy of the Comnittee's report to the head of the Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, on desirable experimental investigations, dated September 20, 1917, is in the records of the Fixed Nitrogen Re- search Laboratory (investigation 9) in NA. Scattered correspondence (Oct,-Nov. 1917) relating to the Subcommittee is among the records of the Nitrate Division in NA. NITRATES SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Organized in October 1917; discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions; Su- pervised the importation of Chilean nitrates and their distribution to the Allies and to consumers in the United States, Records; Prob- ably among those of the Board in NA. NITRIC ACID SUPPLY COMMITTEE, National Research Council.—See NITRATE SUPPLY COMMITTEE. NITROGEN ADMINISTRATION, FIXED, War Department.—See FIXED NITROGEN ADMINISTRATION. NITROGEN COMMISSION, FIXED, Fixed Nitrogen Administration, War Depart- ment.—See FIXED NITROGEN COMMISSION. NITROGEN FIXATION (AMMONIA OXIDATION) SECTION, Mineral Technology Divi- sion, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Established to conduct in- vestigations authorized by the National Defense Act of June 3, 1916, but actually begun several months earlier. Financed by an allotment of $10,000 to the Bureau from appropriations made for the War Depart- ment. The Section's final report on investigations was submitted to the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, on April 30, 1917, and was confirmed by a report of the Committee on Nitrate Supply of the War Department on May 11, 1917. Construction and operation of plants for the fixation of nitrogen were undertaken by the Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, although the Mines Bureau continued research in the field. Functions: To insure an adequate supply of nitric acid and nitrates essential in the manufacture of explosives and fer- tilizers. This required a study of methods for the fixation of at- mospheric nitrogen by the oxidation of ammonia. Cooperated with the National Academy of Sciences, the Bureau of Standards, the Ordnance 389 Chief’s Office, and commercial companies. Records; In the Mines Bureau. References; Mines Bureau, War Minerals. Nitrogen Fixation. and Sodium Cyanide. 54-58 (Bulletin 178B. Washington, 1919). NITROGEN RESEARCH LABORATORY, FIXED, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See FIXED NITROGEN RESEARCH LABORATORY. NOILS AND WASTE ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE, Wool Division, War Industries Board.—The Administrator was appointed on May 9, 1918, and his Office was discontinued after the armistice. Offices in New York City. Functions; To control activities of dealers in noils and wool wastes. Records; 1918 (15 feet) in NA. Correspondence of the Administrator, weekly reports of purchases, sales, and stocks on hand, and copies of permits to transfer noils. NON-FERROUS ALLOYS SECTION, ELECTRIC FURNACE AND, Mineral Technology Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See MINERAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION. NON-FERROUS BRANCH, Raw Materials and Paints Division, Purchase Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS DIVISION. NON-FERROUS BRANCH, Raw Materials Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated as the Non-Ferrous Control Unit of the Raw Materials Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Divi- sion. On January 15, 1918, it became a Branch of the Raw Materials Section, Procurement Division, Functions; To handle the purchase of nonferrous raw materials. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. NON-FERROUS COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. NON-FERROUS GROUP, Metallurgical Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See METALLURGICAL BRANCH. NON-FERROUS METAL SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bu- reau, Navy Department.—Probably created during the war. Functions; To purchase shells, cartridge cases, brass and copper tubes, powder tanks, rotating bands, submarine nets, steel wire rope, tin, copper, zinc, lead, and cement and to make these commodities available for use by the Navy. Records; Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. NON-FERROUS METALS SECTION, Raw Materials Division, War Industries Board.—Organized in October 1917; discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions; To keep records of stocks and requirements; to pass on and approve requests submitted through the Allied Purchasing Commis- sion; and to approve priority requests and requests for clearances on the metals under its control. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Included are copies of licenses issued by the Bureau of Mines for the purchase and sale of platinum, iridium, palladium, or com- pounds thereof, with applications and related materials, and some records relating to tin and lead (7 feet). Other records are dis- persed in the consolidated or "commodity*' files of the Board, NON-FERROUS METALS SUBSECTION, Raw Materials and Scrap Section, Sale's Branch, purchase. Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS AND SCRAP SECTION. 390 NON-FERROUS SECTION, Raw Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See RAW MATERIALS BRANCH. NON-FERROUS TUBE SECTION, War Industries Board.—See BRASS SECTION, Finished Products Division. NON-METALLIC MINERALS SECTION, INFORMATIONAL MATTERS AND, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. NON-WAR CONSTRUCTION SECTION, Priorities Division, War Industries Board. Organized in the early part of September and discontinued about Decem- ber 2, 1918. Functions; To conserve labor, materials, and capital for direct war work; and to have charge of the program to defer all building construction not required for war purposes. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. Included is an assembled file, 1917-18 (18 feet), consisting of correspondence of the Chief of the Section and correspondence of the Chief of the Building Materials Section of the Raw Materials Division, together with applications for and copies of nonwar construction permits, arranged alphabetically by State and thereunder by type of building. NOXIOUS GASES COMMITTEE, National Research Council.—See OASES USED IN WARFARE COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division. NURSE CORPS SECTION, ARMY, Personnel Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY NURSE CORPS SECTION. NURSING, ARMY SCHOOL OF, Hospital Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY SCHOOL OF NURSING, NURSING COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Com- mittee, Advisory Conmiasion, Council of National Defense,—Formed about June 24, 1917; ceased functioning after the armistice. Mary Adelaide Nutting, Chairman. Functions; To act as a liaison agent between the nursing profession and the Government. A survey of the nursing situation was made; a publicity campaign was inaugurated to interest young women in nursing as a profession and to encourage the enrollment of graduate nurses in the Army, Navy, and Red Cross nurs- ing services; and plans were made for the enlistment of student nurses in the Student Nurse Reserve, Records; Seme are among those of the Council in NA, including card records of members of the Stu- dent Nurse Reserve. NURSING DEPARTMENT, American National Red Cross War Council.—See AMERI- CAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL, NURSING SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDI- CAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. NURSING SUBCOMMITTEE, PUBLIC HEALTH, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medical Board, Advisory Commission, Council of National De- fense.—See PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUBCOMMITTEE. NUTRITION DIVISION, FOOD AND, Surgeon General's Office, War Department. See FOOD AND NUTRITION DIVISION. 391 0 OBSERVATION COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—Appointed on September 2$ and apparently became inactive by December 1, 1917. The Committee never prepared a formal report, but the work which it did had great in- fluence on the policies later developed by Charles Piez, its Chair- man, who became Vice President and General Manager of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. Also known as the Production Committee. Functions: To investigate conditions in shipyards with which contracts had been signed and to make suggestions as to their equipment or management in order to expedite their work. Records: The known records of the Committee, consisting of several memoranda suggesting methods for improving the output of shipyards, are in NA in the "old" general file of the Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. OBSTETRICS SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Sup- plies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZA- TION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. OCEAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON JUST COMPENSATION, Shipping Board.—Estab- lished on April 1, 1918, and dissolved on May 1, 1919, by the resig- nation of its members. Also known as the Advisory Board of Just Compensation. On October 8, 1919, the Requisition Claims Committee was created with broader powers to complete the work of the Ocean Advisory Committee, Functions; To determine the compensation to be paid to owners of requisitioned vessels lost while in Government service. Records: Whereabouts unknown. OCEAN SECTION, Construction, Maintenance, and Repair Branch, Water Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief’s Office, War Department.—See CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR BRANCH. OFUCE EQUIPMENT AID SUNDRIES BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Pur- chase Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established on July 17, 1918, in the Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster General's Office, and transferred on Octo- ber 19, 1918, to the Purchase .Director's Office. Still in existence when the superior Division was transferred as a Branch to the Regu- lar Supplies Division, Purchase Service, about August 18, 1919. Functions: To have charge of the procurement of office equipment, paper products, and musical instruments. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. OFFICE EQUIPMENT SECTION, Miscellaneous and Office Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MISCELLANEOUS AND OFFICE SUP- PLIES BRANCH. OFFICE EQUIPMENT SECTION, Supplies Division, Engineering and Purchas- ing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See SUPPLIES DIVISION, 392 OFFICE SERVICE BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. OFFICERS DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department,—Estab- lished by an order of The Adjutant General of February 17, 1913, through the consolidation of the Appointment, Commission, and Per- sonnel Division, the Returns Division, and the Efficiency Section of the Miscellaneous Division. Functions: To administer the rec- ords, correspondence, and other business relating to the commis- sioned personnel of the Army, including the appointment, assignment, and commissioning of officers, the detail of officers to duty at educational institutions, the conduct of officers' training camps, the preparation of the Array Register and Directory, and the custody of efficiency records and prior military service records of officers and of returns of the Army. Records: In The Adjutant General's Of- fice. OFFICIAL BULLETIN DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Created in April 1917. Discontinued on March 31, 1919. E. S. Rochester, Director, Functions; To make available a complete and authorita- tive record of Government orders and news through publication of the daily Official Bulletin, later issued as the Official U. S. Bulletin, and to answer inquiries concerning official acts. Records; 1917-21 (13 feet) in NA, Include copies of the Bulletin and its privately published successor, the United States Bulletin. Subscription rec- ords are among the files of the Division oi* business Management in NA, Other records may have been disposed of as useless papers. OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPH SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Mili- tary Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. OIL BRANCH, Fuel and Forage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created on April 16, 1918, On October 28, 1913, it became the Oils and Paints Branch of the Raw Materials Division, Purchase Director's Office. Functions; To handle the procurement, purchase, and distribution of gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil, greases, paints, and varnishes for the Array. Records; Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. OIL CONSERVATION BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Created on June 5, 1918. Worked through the Natural Gas, Gasoline and Kerosene, Petroleum Field and Refinery Wastage, and Fuel Oil Sec- tions and through an extensive field organization. Terminated in February 1919. Functions: To bring about the most efficient use of the country's supply of petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas by means of educational campaigns and inspections. Records s In NA, Those filed separately from the central files of the Division include correspondence, reports, memoranda, question- naires, record cards, and indexes (3U feet). OIL COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See PETROLEUM COMMITTEE. OIL DIVISION, Fuel Administration.—Created on January 10, 1918. Included a Counsel's Office and the following Bureaus: Domestic 393 Consumption, Engineering, Lubricants and Foreign Requirements, Marine Transportation, Natural Gas, Oil Conservation, Oil Well Supplies, Pipe Lines, Prices and Licenses, Production, Refining, Special Assignments, Statistics, Technology, and Traffic and Trans- portation. There was a Federal Oil Director for the Pacific Coast. Although many of the bureaus were brought to a close in the months immediately following the signing of the armistice, the Division did not officially end until June 6, 1919. Mark L. Requa, General Director. Functions: To stimulate the production of crude petro- leum and its products, the production and conservation of natural gas, and the increase and improvement of transportation facilities; to bring about the equitable distribution of refined products; to ensure the provision of an ample supply of petroleum products for the use of the Army, the Navy, the Shipping Board, and the Allies; to prevent unfair and improper trade practices; and to assist the industry in organizing to help win the war. A policy of coopera- tion between the oil industry and the Fuel Administration was followed, whereby the oil industry, acting through the National Petroleum War Service Committee, was self-governing, with only the necessary Government supervision and counsel. Records: 1918-19 (155 feet) in HA. Include files of the Washington office and of the field offices. Among them are correspondence, tabulations, general statistical compilations, memoranda, circular letters, in- ventories, and indexes. Records of the various bureaus are dis- persed in a "general consolidated file of correspondence and related documents," January-May 1919 (85 feet), and there are also separate files for most of the bureaus. Tabulations of important data may be found in the records of the Statistics Bureau, the Technology Bu- reau, and the Engineering Bureau. References: Fuel Administration, Report of the Oil Division, 1917-1919) in volume with the Final Re- port of the United States Fuel Administrator, 1917-1919 (Washington, 19217: OIL, FAT, AND WAX LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—Established in 1909. Functions: To analyze and prepare specifications for fat, oil, and lard substitutes for the War De- partment and specifications for soap for the Ordnance Department; to compile statistics on the production of glycerine; and, in co- operation with a special commission of the American soap manufac- turers and the Food Administration, to study means of obtaining an adequate supply of .glycerine. Records; Those in NA for the war period include records in the Chemistry Bureau's general files and correspondence and reports relating to glycerine in its special files. OIL PLANT INVESTIGATIONS OFFICE, DRUG, POISON, AND, Plant Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See PLANT INDUSTRY BUREAU. OIL SEED PROGRAMME COMMITTEE, Interallied Food Council.—See INTER- ALLIED FOOD COUNCIL. OIL WELL SUPPLIES BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Created on March 27, 1918. Removed to New York on April 15. Discontinued on December 10, 1918. Functions: To bring about an equitable dis- tribution of oil well supplies,and to obtain information as to sources of manufactured and raw materials. Records: In NA, Those filed separately from the central files of the division include correspondence, reports, and vouchers (1 foot). 39U OILS BRANCH, Raw Materials and Paints Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—An Oils and Paints Branch was established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 19 of October 28, 1918, taking over the work of the Oil Branch of the Fuel and Forage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, and the paints procurement activities formerly handled by the General Engi- neer Depot. In November 1918 this Branch was split into an Oils Branch and a Paints Branch. The Oils Branch was in existence on August 18, 1919, when the Division was transferred to the Regular Supplies Division of the Purchase Service. Functions: To maintain contact with the National Petroleum Committee for the purpose of preventing depletion of stocks in the procurement of gasoline, kero- sene, and fuel oils for overseas shipment. After March 1, 1919, it procured oils for the Army by direct purchase. Standard specifica- tions were drawn up for various types of oils and distillates. Rec- ords: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in MA. OILS DIVISION, FATS AND, Food Administration.—See FATS AND OILS DIVI- SION. OILS SUBSECTION, CHEMICAL AND, Raw Materials and Scrap Section, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS AND SCRAP SECTION. OPEN PURCHASE SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bu- reau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions: To have charge of supervising yard and station purchases. It issued uniform instructions relative to the placing of bids, awards, various purchasing principles, controversies be- tween purchasing officers and contractors, errors in bids, cancela- tions of awards, amendments to specifications, and partial payments. Bids forwarded by the various yards were examined with a view to as- certaining the reasonableness of the prices, whether sufficient com- petition had been obtained, and whether all purchasing principles had been recognized in the transaction. When yard purchasing offi- cers reported their inability to obtain bids on commodities, the Section arranged to place a commandeering order with the firm best able to undertake the contract. Records; Probably among the gener- al files of the Bureau in NA. OPERATING DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on February 1, 1920, by the con- solidation of most of the departments formerly reporting to the Assistant Director of the Operations Division in Charge of Vessel Management. Functions: To have general jurisdiction over the pur- chase of supplies and equipment for the account of the Division, the establishment of foreign agencies, radio and submarine signal service, and other matters in connection with the management and operation of vessels. Records: 1919-28 (110 feet) in NA. Corre- spondence and reports concerning the management and operation of vessels. OPERATING DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized in June 1918 in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department. Abolished on June 15, 1920. Worked through a Furniture and Equip- ment Section, an Insurance Section, a Commissary Branch, and a Community Facilities Branch. Functions: Examined and criticized 395 housing plans from the point of view of operation; purchased fur- niture and equipment for hotels, dormitories, and cafeterias; and acted as real-estate agent through a town manager appointed on each project to collect rents, supervise repairs, and initiate a rental policy and a plan of operation to protect the Government's invest- ment. The Division managed the Government Hotels (q, v.) for wom- en in the District of Columbia from September 25, 1913, to February 1919; and on June 30, 1919, it took over the work of the Committee on Requisitioned Houses in the District of Columbia. Records: 1918-20 (120 feet) in NA. Correspondence, collectors'"records, contract ledgers, vouchers, general ledgers, leases, rent receipts, and general files. OPERATING DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.— Existed under various titles. Originated as the Storage Branch, Supplies Division, established by Office Order No. 76, August 1$, 1917. On October 16, this Branch was combined with the Overseas Cable Service and the Overseas Shipment Branch to form the Ware- housing Division (Office Order No, 107). During the period January 11 to February 13, 1918, this Division was known as the Storage Divi- sion; and from the latter date until April 16 it was again known as the Warehousing Division. On April 16 it became the Depot Division (Office Order No. 376). The functions and branches of this Division were outlined on June U, 1918, in Office Order No. h59, by which the head of the Depot Division became also Director of Quartermaster Operations. On August 15 the Depot Division became the Operating Division (Office Order No. 522), which functioned through several Branches, including the following: Depot, Domestic Distribution, Overseas Distribution, and Stock Records. On October 19, 1918, by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1, this Division became the Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division. Functions: To supervise and coordinate matters relating to the provision of adequate storage facilities for the maintenance and distribution of quartermaster supplies; to place the depot organization that was effective in Washington in the general supply depots subordinate to this Division; to handle matters pertaining to warehousing, the provision of storage space, cold storage, and fire and accident prevention on all storage proj- ects; to perform such other functions as pertained to the actual handling of supplies and the operations of various depots under the jurisdiction of the Office; and to coordinate the work in the field with that in Washington. Records: Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. OPERATING FORCES DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.— Established on May 11, 1915, with the assignment of an officer to the Office of Naval Operations as Assistant for Operations. At first referred to variously as the Operating Forces Division, the Operating Division, and the Operations and Naval Operating Forces Division; designated the Ship Movements Division in 1920. Func- tions: To supervise, under the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations, the movements of ships of the Navy and to keep records relating thereto. Records; In the Naval Operations Office. OPERATING SECTION, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established in 1917- Functions: To exercise direct authority over storehouses immediately controlled by the Division; to maintain close relations with ordnance depots at ports of em- barkation on matters not affecting the policy of the port; to follow 396 up, if necessary in the field, shipments made under the direction of the Division; and to conduct negotiations in connection with the acquisition of land and buildings for storage facilities. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. OPERATING STATISTICS SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Created in May or June 1918. Presumably abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To standardize statis- tical reports relating to railroad operations; to analyze and sum- marize such reports and make the results available to Administration officials; and to make such detailed analyses of operating results of specific roads or groups of roads as were required. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193h» OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SECTION, Aeronautics Division, Steam Engi- neering Bureau, Navy Department.—Established on June 1, 1917; functions transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics in 1921. Func- tions; To have charge of the care, operation, and maintenance of aviation material. Records: With those of the Aeronautics Bureau in NA. OPERATION DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created on February 9, 1918, as the Transportation Division, with Carl R. Gray as Director. Became the Operation Division on June 11, 1918. W. T. Tyler suc- ceeded Gray as Director on January Ip, 1919. Discontinued in March 1920. Functions; To control and coordinate the operating activi- ties of railroads, water carriers, and telephone and telegraph com- panies under Federal control. These activities included the supply and distribution of cars, the maintenance of equipment, fuel conser- vation, tests and inspections of materials, the promotion of safety, secret service activities, and troop movements. The Division con- ducted its work through numerous departments, sections, and commit- tees. Records: 1913-20 (61 feet) in NA. Include files of the Director of the Division dealing with its functions, organization, and administration; files of the Assistant Director and others con- cerning railroad labor, operation, and maintenance; and files of the Automatic Train Control Committee. A few records are presumably in the custody of the Association of American Railroads (formerly the American Railway Association). All other records of the Divi- sion were authorized for disposition by Congress on March 20, 193U« It should be noted, however, that correspondence, memoranda, and reports prepared by the Division's subunits for the attention of the Director General are in the Director General's files in NA. OPERATION SERVICE BRANCH, Service Subdivision, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918. Discontinued with the abolition of the Division on May 13, 1919. Functions: To main- tain an efficient organization of service officers in order to form a connecting link between depots and the Office of the Chief of Domestic Operations; and to maintain liaison with Government bu- reaus. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in NA. OPERATIONS BRANCH, Operations Division, General Staff, Yfar Depart- ment.—Organized in 1918. Functions: To direct the mobilization of the Amy; to control the supply of men for the Army; and to take charge of the distribution and assignment of all men entering the 397 service whether drafted men or volunteers. Records; In the Gen- eral Staff, War Department. OPERATIONS COMMITTEE, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— Organized on August 3, 1917, as the Transportation Committee. On September 8, 1917, its name was changed to Committee of Operation, and in September 1918 to Operations Committee. It functioned through June 1920. Functions: To carry out the duties of the Cor- poration relating to the repair, equipment, manning, management, operation, or chartering of vessels under the control of the Ship- ping Board. Records; Minutes of the Committee, 1918-20 (U inches), are in NA. The whereabouts of other records is unknown. OPERATIONS CONTROL DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, < War Department.—Originated as the Operating Division, Quartermaster General's Office, which on October 19, 1918, became the Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office. By Purchase and Storage Notice No. U50 of May 13, 1919, this Division was consoli- dated with the Storage Administrative Division to form the Opera- tions Control Division, Storage Service. The name of the latter was changed to Storage Administrative Division on November 22, 1919. Abolished in the reorganization of May 19, 1920. Functions: To be responsible for all personnel, military and civilian, and all indus- trial relations and welfare matters under the supervision of the Director of Storage; to have charge of the coordination of the oper- ating activities of the Storage Service; and to maintain supervision over office service, cold-storage plants, general supply depots, Army reserve depots, and fire and accident prevention. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. OPERATIONS DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Succeeded the Clearance Division after the armistice. Probably terminated in 1920. Functions: To find employment for workers released by can- celation of war contracts. Records: Whereabouts unknown. OPERATIONS DIVISION, General Staff, War Department.—Created on Febru- ary 9, 1918, from the former Operations and Equipment Committees of the General Staff, and reorganized on August 26, 1918, Functioned through the following Branches: Operations, Equipment, Commissioned Personnel, and Motor Transportation. The officer in charge was des- ignated as the Director of Operations. Functions; To be responsible for the recruitment and mobilization of the Array, including the as- signment and distribution of men obtained through the draft; the per- sonnel of troops; the movement and disposition of troops, including demobilization of organizations; the determination of overseas pri- orities; the procurement, assignment, promotion, transfer, anu dis- charge of the commissioned personnel of the several branches of the Army; the determination and distribution of all types and quantities of equipment and supplies for the several branches of the Army and regulations concerning the same; and the design, production, pro- curement, reception, storage, maintenance, and replacement of motor vehicles and the assignment and training of personnel necessary for their maintenance and operation. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. OPERATIONS DIVISION, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— Established on September 29, 1917, by the trustees of the Corpora- tion. Functions; In general to carry on the work relating to 398 ship operation, which had grown beyond the capacity of the Oper- ation Committee. In particular to equip, man, repair, and operate vessels under the control of the Shipping Board; to admit and con- trol neutral vessels entering American ports; to establish freight rates; to allocate vessels to cargoes and trade routes; and to make financial and business arrangements with managing operators. (From Feb. 1918 to Jan. 1919 the Shipping Control Committee allocated ves- sels to cargoes and trade routes.) Records; 1917-36 (10,683 feet) in NA. Correspondence, memoranda, logbooki, printed and processed materials, forms, and reports. References: Shipping Board, Annual Reports, 1917-21; Edward N. Hurley, The Bridge to France, passim (Philadelphia, 1927). OPERATIONS SECTION, Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized in 1918. In June it was estab- lished in France, where it remained until the summer of 1919. Its work was later merged with that of a Historical Section of the Serv- ices of Supply organized at Tours by Col. John W. Wright. Headed by Maj. Robert L'. Johnston, : To collect, in Washington and at 'General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces (as the Historical Section, Office of the Chief of Staff), data concerning the military operations of the American forces in the war. In France the Section selected about 100,000 documents that it considered of permanent historical value. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. OPHTHALMOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDI- ZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. OPHTHALMOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Surgery Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized on May 12,_ 1917. On July 9, 1917, this Subcommittee and the 0to-Laryngology Subcommittee of the Surgical Methods Committee met together as the newly created Head Surgery Section. Thereafter it existed both separately and as a part of that Section. Absorbed by the Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment, during the summer of 1918. Functions; To cooperate with the War and Navy Departments in mobilizing medical specialists for the war effort. Records; Some may be among those of the Council in NA. OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENT SECTION, MILITARY, Finished Products Divi sion, War Industries Board.—See MILITARY OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRU- MENT SECTION. OPTICAL GLASS COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—Organized some time prior to May 26, 1917, as the Optical Instruments Committee. Became the Optical Glass Committee after its consolidation with a committee of the same name of the National Research Council on June 21. Dissolved after the establishment of the War Industries Board on July 28, 1917. R. A. Millikan, Chair- man. Functions: To study and report on available facilities for making optical glass and the possibilities of increasing such facili ties. Records; Some of them may be in the National Research Coun- cil. OPTICAL GLASS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.- Established early in 1916. Consisted of three members; Leo H. Baekeland, Chairman, The Committee worked in cooperation with 399 the Carnegie Institution and the National Research Council. Func- tions: To aid and encourage the development of formulas and meth- ods for the manufacture of optical glass in this country. Records: In the Navy Department. References: Lloyd N. Scott, The Naval Consulting Board of the United States, 215-218 (Washington, 1920). OPTICAL GLASS COMMITTEE, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geo- physics Division, National Research Council.—Organized in 1917 under the chairmanship of R. L. Millikan, who was succeeded in 1918 by A. L. Day. Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions: Working with the General Munitions Board, it attacked the problem of securing the necessary supply of optical glass for military and other purposes. Through the cooperation of the Bureau of Standards, the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, and several corporations, the needed supply was ob-r tained. Records: In the National Research Council. OPTICAL INSTRUMENT GROUP, Instrument, Machinery, and Container Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See INSTRUMENT, MACHINERY, AND CONTAINER BRANCH. OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—See OPTICAL GLASS COMMITTEE. OPTICAL SECTION, FIRE-CONTROL AND, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau Navy Department.—See FIRE-CONTROL AND OPTICAL SECTION. OPTICS DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department.—Probably in existence before the war. Functions: To study and develop optical standards. During the war it supplied information to manufacturers engaged in military optical work, investigated the use of ultra- violet light for signaling purposes for the Signal Corps of the Army and the Steam Engineering Bureau of the Navy Department, and inves- tigated the use of unusually rapid plates for airplane cameras. Records: In the National Bureau of Standards. ORDNANCE AND EXPLOSIVES COMMITTER, Naval Consulting Board, Navy De- partment.—Created on November U, 1915. Consisted of nine members; Hudson Maxim, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. ORDNANCE AND’FORTIFICATION BOARD, War Department.—Established in 1838 Discontinued by General Orders, No. U9, August lU, 1920, when its du- ties were taken over by the Inventions Section, Operations Division, General Staff. Functions; To consider and recommend projects for fortifications and to examine and report upon ordnance and other in- ventions submitted to the War Department. Records; 1888-1919, in NA, with those of the General Staff. Correspondence and reports on projects and administrative papers. ORDNANCE AND ORDNANCE STORES SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established in January and still in existence on December 1, 1919. Functions: To supervise the sale of surplus ordnance materials held by the Department. Records; Whereabouts unknown. ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION, AMERICAN, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION. hOO ORDNANCE BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION. ORDNANCE BUREAU, Navy Department.—Established as the Ordnance and Hydrography Bureau in 181*2. It became the Bureau of Ordnance in 1862. Functioned during the war through the following Divisions: Civil; Executive and Administrative; Industrial; Inventions, Re- search, and Trials; Technical; and Yards, Plants, and Stations.- Functions: To be responsible for the design, manufacture, pro- curement, maintenance, issue, and efficiency of offensive and de- fensive arras and armament (including armor, torpedoes, mines, depth charges, pyrotechnics, bombs, ammunition, war explosives, war chemi- cals, and defensive nets, buoys, and net appliances) and, except as specifically assigned to other cognizances, optical and other de- vices and material for the control of guns, torpedoes, and bombs. Also to provide for the upkeep, repair, and operation of naval gun factories, ordnance plants, torpedo -stations, proving grounds, pow- der factories, ammunition depots, magazines on shore, and mine de- pots. Records: 1913-26 (3,U69 feet) in NA. Consist of general files, 1913-26 (1,619 feet), records of the inspectors of ordnance, 1917-2U (1,800 feet), and records of the Naval Gun Factory at the Washington Navy Yard, 1916-19 (50 feet). Include correspondence, interoffice memoranda, reports, requisitions, contracts, orders, photographs, drawings, job-cost summaries, and progress report cards on work. Correspondence of the various subdivisions of the Bureau is dispersed in the general files (received in NA in Mar. 19U3)• References: Ordnance Bureau, Navy Ordnance Activities, World War, 1917-18 (Washington, 1920). ORDNANCE CHIEF'S OFFICE, War Department.—The Chief of Ordnance super- vises the activities of the Ordnance Department, which is one of the oldest branches of the War Department. The Office functions through a number of Divisions, which during the war included the following: Artillery; Engineering; Equipment; Estimates and Re- quirements; Gun; Inspection; Nitrate; Procurement; Production; Property; Small Arms; and Supply. Functions; To design, procure, produce, inspect, distribute to designated military organizations, and thereafter maintain such material for Army uses as was pre- scribed by the General Staff; and to plan and maintain an organi- zation of appropriate personnel and methods so that material might be delivered in such quantities and at such times as might be pre- scribed by the General Staff. Records; 1797-1935 (16,U30 feet) in NA. For the period of the war there are several parallel classi- fied correspondence files, contract files, and personnel records of officers and enlisted men, together with indexes. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, War Department.—See ORDNANCE CHIEF'S OFFICE. ORDNANCE FACILITIES SECTION, MAGAZINES AND GENERAL, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.—See MAGAZINES AND GENERAL ORDNANCE FA- CILITIES SECTION. ORDNANCE LIAISON SECTION, Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RESERVE DEPOT AND SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH. Uoi ORDNANCE PRIORITY COMMITTEE, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See ORDNANCE SPECIAL SERVICE COMMITTEE. ORDNANCE SALVAGE BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— Created on November 19, 1918. Functions: To have charge of the disposition, by sale or storage, of manufacturing materials, equip- ment, and buildings that were the property of the United States or that became its property as the result of the termination of con- tracts made by the Office of the Chief of Ordnance. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. ORDNANCE SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.— See FORGINGS, ORDNANCE, SMALL ARMS, AND SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION SEC- TION. ORDNANCE SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department.—See 7/AR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. ORDNANCE SECTION, AVIATION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—See AVIATION ORDNANCE SECTION. ORDNANCE SPECIAL SERVICE COMMITTEE, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Organized in 1918 as the Ordnance Priority Committee. On October 8, 1918, its name was changed to the Ordnance Special Service Section, and, on October 26, this became the Ordnance Spe- cial Service Committee. Dissolved on December 26, 1918. Functions To handle priority matters relating to the Office in conjunction with the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. ORDNANCE SUBDIVISION, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Es- tablished on October 28, 1918. About March 1, 1919, it took over the functions of the Vehicle and Harness Branch relative to harness Functioned through the Small Arms and Ammunition Branch and the Per- sonal and Horse Equipment Branch. Still in existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To control the supply of small arms, machine guns, ammunition, personal equipment, horse equipment, standard ordnance tools, and target material for the Army. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. ORDNANCE SUBDIVISION, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Or- ganized on January 20, 1919. In existence when the Division was merged in the Overseas Supply- Division on February 1, 1919. Func- tions : To be responsible for the filling of requisitions for ord- nance materials for overseas shipment and for the movement of these materials to ports of embarkation. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. ORDNANCE SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9, October 25, 1918, there was established an Ordnance Branch, which became the Ordnance Subdivision about November 22. This unit was in existence on February 1, 1919, when U02 the Division was abolished. Functions; To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of ordnance supplies through ports of embarkation for overseas forces, and to regulate the movement of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General’s Office in NA. ORDNANCE SUPPLIES SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Stor- age Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on May 19, 1919, and made a Branch on November 6. Discontinued about May 19, 1920, when its functions were assigned to the Motors and Vehicles, Regular Supplies, and Clothing and Equipage Divisions of the Storage Service. Functions; To have charge of the storage and distribution of ordnance supplies and equipment. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. ORE MARKETS SECTION, MINING COSTS AND, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. ORGANIZATION AND ENLISTED MEN SECTION, Personnel Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Estab- lished before the end of 1917. Upon the formation of the Troop Division early in 1919, this Section became a part of its Enlisted Personnel Section. Functions; To handle matters relating to en- listed personnel and engineer organizations. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. ORTHOPEDIC AIDES SECTION, Physical Reconstruction Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION. ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY SECTION, Surgery Division, Surgeon General's Of- fice, War Department.--See MILITARY ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY DIVISION. ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Sur- gical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COM- MITTEE. OTOLARYNGOLOGY SECTION, Surgery of the Head Division, Surgeon Gener- al's Office, War Department.—See SURGERY OF THE HEAD DIVISION. OTO-LARYNGOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Surgical Methods Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commis- sion, Council of National Defense.—See OTOLOGY, RHINOLOGY, AND LARYNGOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Surgery Committee. OTOLOGY, RHINOLOGY, AND LARYNGOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Surgery Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed June 28, 1917, as the Oto-Laryngology Subcommittee of the Surgical Methods Committee, On July 7, 1917, this Subcommittee and the Ophthalmology Subcom- mittee met together as the newly created Head Surgery Section. Thereafter it existed both separately and as a part of that Section. On August 15, 1917, it was reorganized to form the Otology, Rhino1- ogy, and Laryngology Subcommittee. Absorbed by the Surgeon General's Office, War Department, during the summer of 1918. Functions; To 533477 0 - 43 - 27 1403 cooperate with the War and Navy Departments in mobilizing medical specialists for the war effort. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. OTTER GEAR BRANCH, Technical Section, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See TECHNICAL SECTION. OUTDOOR ADVERTISING SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administra- tion.—See ADVERTISING SECTION. OVERSEAS CABLE SERVICE, Supplies Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See OPERATING DIVISION and CABLE SERVICE AND OVERSEAS BRANCH, Warehousing Division. OVERSEAS CARGO SHIPMENTS SECTION, Cargo Traffic Branch, Water Trans- portation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH. OVERSEAS DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, Operating Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—Originated in the Distribution Branch, Depot Division, established on June lU, 1913. On August 1$ this Branch was abolished and its duties were transferred to the Domestic Distribution and the Overseas Distribution Branches of the newly created Operating Division. The Overseas Distribution Branch was abolished on November 1, 1918, and its duties were transferred to the Overseas Distribution Division, Office of the Director of Storage. Functions: To handle matters connected with the shipment of supplies to the American Expeditionary Forces and to control the supplies at Army reserve depots and ports of embarkation. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. OVERSEAS DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 19, October 28, 1918, and operated through the following Subdivisions: Administrative, Engineer, Medical, Motors, Ordnance, Quartermaster, and Signal. On February 1, 1919, it be- came part of the Overseas Supply Division. Functions: To have charge of the detailed movement of supplies to ports, in accordance with tonnage allotments set up by the Port Operations Division; and to be responsible for the filling of requisitions for overseas forces. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in NA. OVERSEAS DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.— Replaced the Shipping Section of the Supply Division for the dura- tion of the war. Functions; To be responsible for supplying the vessels sent overseas and the bases established for their use, for the shipment of supplies for Navy and Marine forces in the West Indies, and for the issuance of detailed instructions for forward- ing all consignments covered by shipment orders issued by the vari- ous bureaus. A liaison officer was maintained to keep in constant touch with the Naval Overseas Transportation Division and the Ships' Movements Division of the Naval Operations Office. Records; Proba- bly among the general files of the Bureau in NA. OVERSEAS FOLLOW-UP BRANCH, Equipment Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PURCHASE SECTION, Procurement Division. hok OVERSEAS FREIGHT RELEASE BRANCH, Port Operations Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—By- Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9, October 25, 1918, there was es- tablished an Overseas Storage Service Branch. In the reorganization of November 22, 1918, this Branch was discontinued, and an Overseas Freight Release Branch was established in its stead. The latter was in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To control the amount of freight placed in transit, to direct its movement by designating ports of embarkation, and to equalize its distribution. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. OVERSEAS HOSPITAL DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, Vfar Department.— Organized early in Juhe 1917 as the Overseas Hospital Section of the Hospital Division. Owing to its increased activities, it was ele- vated to the status of a Division on July 10, 1918, by authority of Office Order No. 6U. Included a "Liaison Service between the Surgeon General of the Army and the Surgeon General of the Navy." Discon- tinued on December 1, 1918. Functions: To organize overseas units such as base hospitals, evacuation hospitals, ambulance companies, hospital trains, convalescent camps and depots, and hospital ships; and to handle the liaison service between the Office and the Medi- cine and Surgery Bureau of the Navy Department. Records: With those of the Office in NA. OVERSEAS LIAISON BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in September 1918. Functions: To gather and distribute information, primarily technical, relating to the problems of inspection; to deal with the British and French Governments at home and abroad and with the Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces in collecting such information; and to se- lect personnel for overseas work. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. OVERSEAS LIAISON DIVISION, Motor Transport Corps Chief's Office, War Department.—See LIAISON DIVISION. OVERSEAS MAIL AND EXPRESS SECTION, Cargo Traffic Branch, Water Trans- portation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH. OVERSEAS REPAIR SECTION, Gas Defense Division, Surgeon General's Of- fice, War Department.—There was an Overseas Repair Section No. 1, which left for France on October 25, 1917. Functions: To receive, test, and store gas defense appliances and issue them to troops as required; to conduct inspections and tests of used equipment; and to disinfect and repair used or damaged gas masks. Records; Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. OVERSEAS SECTION, Distribution Branch, Supply Control Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, War Department.—See DISTRIBUTION BRANCH. OVERSEAS SERVICE BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See OVERSEAS SUBSISTENCE BRANCH. OVERSEAS SERVICE SECTION, Distil.bution Branch, Supply Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See DISTRIBUTION BRANCH. hoS OVERSEAS SHIPMENT BRANCH, Supplies Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See OPERATING DIVISION and CABLE SERVICE AND OVERSEAS BRANCH, Warehousing Division. OVERSEAS STORAGE SERVICE BRANCH, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See OVERSEAS FREIGHT RELEASE BRANCH. OVERSEAS SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—Organized on January 26, 1918, as the Overseas Service Branch. In June it became known as the Over- seas Subsistence Branch. On August 15, 1918, it was transferred to the Overseas Distribution Division. Functions: To handle subsist- ence requirements and distribution for the men overseas. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. OVERSEAS SUPPLY DIVISION, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on February 1, 1919, by the consolidation of the Port Operations Division and the Overseas Distribution Division. On May 19, 1919, the Overseas Supply Divi- sion became part of the Supplies Division, Storage Service. Func- tions : To have charge of the movement of supplies to and through ports of embarkation for the supply of overseas forces. Records; Whereabouts unknown. OVERSEAS TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, NAVAL, Operating Forces Division, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—See NAVAL OVERSEAS TRANS- PORTATION SERVICE. OWN-YOUR-OWN HOME SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Division, Information and Education Service, War Labor Administra- tion, Labor Department.—Probably established in January and termi- nated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions; To interest the people of the Nation in home-owning. Records~ Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928. OXYGEN FURNACE SECTION, Metallurgical Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See METALLURGICAL DIVISION. Uo6 p PACIFIC COAST BRANCH SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Administration.—Established in May 1918 with offices in San Fran- cisco. Terminated in January 1919. Functions; To handle allotments of canned foods and dried fruits produced in California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. Matters pertaining to purchases were han- dled by the Washington office of the Division. Records: 1917-19 (2 feet) in NA. Correspondence. PACK TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Animal-Drawn Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief’s Office, War Department.—Established about May 6, 1919. Functions; To operate and manage pack trans- portation in the Armyl Records; In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. PACKING CONTAINER GROUP, Instrument, Machinery, and Container Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See INSTRUMENT, MACHINERY, AND CONTAINER BRANCH. PACKING CONTAINER SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Created on September 20, 1917, as a Branch of the Purchase Section, Gun Division; transferred to the Procure- ment Division on January 13, 1918, by Gun Division Order No. 57. Functions; To handle business negotiations in connection with the purchase of packing containers of all kinds. These included boxes for explosives and small arms, corrugated paper packing for trench warfare material, fiber containers for cartridge cases, and tin boxes for fuzes and primers. The Section did not handle negotia- tions for the purchase of raw materials, however, or of packing containers if separately purchased in bulk. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. PACKING HOUSE PRODUCTS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created on July 3, 1918. On October 19, 1918, it was transferred with the Division to the Of- fice of the Director of Purchase. Functions; To handle meat re- — ——— ... quirements for the Army in this country and overseas. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PACKING HOUSE PRODUCTS DIVISION, DAIRY PRODUCTS, COLD STORAGE, AND, Food Administration.—See PERISHABLE POODS DIVISION. PACKING HOUSE PRODUCTS SECTION, Subsistence Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE BRANCH. PACKING SERVICE BRANCH, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 11, 1918, in the Service Subdivision, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office. Transferred on May 13, 1919, to the Operations Control Division (later renamed the Storage Administra- tion Division), Storage Service. Functioned through four Sections; U07 Baling; Boxing and Crating; Inspection; and Loading Specifications, Transferred about January 26, 1920, to the Supplies Division of the Storage Service as the Packing Service Section of the Warehousing Branch. Functions: To have charge of the boxing, baling, crating, and marking of goods for overseas and domestic shipment. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in "NAT PACKING SERVICE SECTION, Inspection Branch, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Organized on August 2U, 1918. On October 19, 1918, it was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase, together with the other sections of the Branch. Functions: To insure that boxes in which subsistence was packed complied with specifications and were correctly marked. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PAINT AND PIGMENT SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.— Organized on May 6 and discontinued on December 21, 1918. Func- tions: To adjust the paint industry to war conditions, to issue specifications that would further conservation, and to exercise con- trol, in some cases jointly with the Food Administration, of paints, varnishes, and the raw materials entering into their manufacture. Records: They appear to have been transferred to the Agriculture Department and may be among those of the Chemistry Bureau of the Department in NA. PAINTS AND REFRIGERATION DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREIIENT SECTION. PAINTS BRANCH, Raw Materials and Paints Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Originated in an Oils and Paints Branch, established by Purchase and Storage No- tice No. 19 of October 28, 1913. In November 1918 this Branch was split into an Oils Branch and a Paints Branch. The latter was in existence on August 18, 1919, as the Paints and Chemicals Branch, when the Division was transferred to the Regular Supplies Division of the Purchase Service. Functions; To publish specifications for the procurement of paints and proposals of purchase bids. In addi- tion to the procurement of paints and related materials, the Branch handled the purchase of all chemicals and miscellaneous items as- signed to the Division. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General's Office in NA. PAINTS BRANCH, RAW MATERIALS AND, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS AMD PAINTS BRANCH. PAINTS DIVISION, RAW MATERIALS AND, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS DIVISION. PAINTS, OILS, AND CHEMICALS SECTION, Raw Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Gener- al Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS BRANCH. U08 PALEONTOLOGY COMMITTEE, GEOLOGY AND, National Research Council.—See GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY COMMITTEE. PAPER AND MISCELLANEOUS SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. PAPER DIVISION, PULP AND, War Industries Board.—See PULP AND PAPER DIVISION. PAPER ECONOMY SECTION, Pulp and Paper Division, War Industries Board. Formed on October 1, 1918, when the Pulp and Paper Section was ex- panded into a Division. Terminated on December 19, 1918. Func- tions : To curtail the use of paper by the book trade, mail-order houses, wallpaper manufacturers, lithographers, printers, and'com- mercial stationers; to eliminate wasteful practices in Government departments; and to campaign for the conservation of paper by the public. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. PAPER LABORATORY, LEATHER AND, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—See LEATHER AND PAPER LABORATORY. PAPER PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES PARDON ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, Justice Department,—Created in 1891. More formally known as the Office of the Attorney in Charge of Pardons. Functions: To investigate, consider, and prepare recommendations upon all applications for Executive clemency, except in Army and Navy cases, and to prepare warrants of pardon, including warrants in Army and Navy cases. Records: 1917-25 (100 feet) in NA. Cor- respondence, petitions, lists, data sheets, reports, case files, copies of pardons and commutations, and other records relating to "political prisoners" convicted and imprisoned for violation of various wartime statutes, and similar materials relating to such special groups of prisoners as, for example, "Chicago Industrial Workers of the World," PARIS NAVAL BOARD ON CLAIMS, Navy Department,—Organized pursuant to an order of the Secretary of the Navy to Capt. T. T. Craven, dated February 12, 1919, Its first meeting took place in Paris on Feb- ruary 20, 1919, On June 1$, 1920, the affairs of the Board were turned over to Rear Admiral T. P. Magruder, Naval Attache at Paris, who continued to handle them until July 1, 1921, when the Board was abolished. Functions: To liquidate the financial liability of the United States arising from activities during the war and the demobi- lization of naval forces in European waters and on land. Records: 1918-21 (7 feet) in NA. Correspondence and other records relating to claims cases. The records of the Secretary's Office, Navy De- partment, in NA contain other material relating to the Board, in- cluding its proceedings. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE.—See PEACE CONFERENCE. PASS BUREAU, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.—Probably established early in 1918. Functions: To issue annual transpor- tation passes on railroads under Federal control and on the Pullman car lines. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U, h09 PASSENGER SECTION, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established prior to Decem- ber 1917. Abolished as a separate Section when the Embarkation Serv- ice was merged with the Inland Traffic Service on March 11, 1919, to form the Transportation Service. Functions: To maintain records of troop movements overseas and returning, including a log of each or- ganization from the date it was reported ready for overseas service by the Operations Division, General Staff, until it was reported landed at a European port. Records: In the Quartermaster General’s Office, Services of Supply, War Department. PASSENGER TRAFFIC BRANCH, Rail Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department,—Established about March 11, 1919, as essentially a continuation of the Troop Movement Branch of the Inland Transportation Service. Operated through three Sections: Organizations, Detachments, and Individuals. Functions: To control the movement of military passengers by rail and by water within the country and on regular Army transport routes. Records; In the Quar- termaster General’s Office, Services of Supply, War Department. PASSENGER TRAFFIC COMMITTEES, Traffic Division, Railroad Administra- tion.—Appointed in April and May 1918. There was an eastern com- mittee with headquarters in New York; a southern in Atlanta; and a western in Chicago. Discontinued on March 1, 1920. Functions; To handle passenger traffic matters in their respective areas. Rec- ords ; Whereabouts unknown. PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING DIVISION, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on May 7, 1918, as the successor to the Housing and Passenger Trans- portation Service Sections of the General Service Division. Became an independent unit of the Corporation on July 1, 1920, under the new title Transportation and Housing Operations Division. Functions To determine the-passenger transportation requirements of shipyards holding contracts with the Corporation; to increase transportation facilities, investigate housing needs, and construct houses where necessary; and to maintain, operate, and, after July 1, 1920, dis- pose of houses and transportation facilities owned or controlled by the Corporation. Records: 1917-21 (203 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, memoranda, statistics, reports,and related materials concerning housing requirements of municipalities in which shipyards were located, the shipment of materials for housing projects, and the planning, carrying out, and management of housing and transpor- tation projects. PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION AND LABOR SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established with the creation of the Division in March 1918. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to passenger, express, and baggage traffic that involved contact with the Railroad Administration. Assisted in ar- ranging direct and permanent routes and schedules between particu- lar points in the United States for the movement of enlisted per- sonnel. For some time after the signing of the armistice, the Section arranged for train and steamboat reservations for commis- sioned and enlisted personnel needing assistance. Records: Proba- bly among the general files of the Bureau in NA. PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SECTION, Passenger Transportation and Housing Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Succeeded the Passenger Transportation Uio Service Section on May 7, 1918. Abolished on July 1, 1920. Func- tions: To survey passenger transportation requirements for ship- yards holding contracts with the Corporation; and to build, operate, and maintain railroad, street car, interurban, and bus lines to shipyards. Records: 1918-19 (5 feet) in NA. Include correspond- ence, memoranda, and reports relating to transportation facilities and to the construction of additional facilities. Additional infor- mation relating to passenger transportation facilities is to be found in the general correspondence file of the Division. The Sec- tion operated almost exclusively through a group of district repre- sentatives, the whereabouts of whose records is not known. PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SERVICE SECTION, General Service Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SECTION, Passenger Transporta- tion and Housing Division. PASSPORT SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Created as a result of passport regulations which became effective on September 15, 1918. Appar- ently also known as the Travel Section. Its duties were distributed among seven Subsections; Executive, Passport, Vise, Alien Permit, Welfare Workers, Y. M. C. A., and Liaison. Functions: To inves- tigate, for the purpose of determining personal fitness from a mili- tary standpoint, individuals entering or leaving the country. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. PATENT BOARD, ARMY AND NAVY.—See ARMY AND NAVY PATENT BOARD. PATENT DIVISION, ENEMY, Federal Trade Commission.—See ENEMY TRADE DIVISION. PATENT OFFICE, Interior Department.—Created in the State Department in 1836, and transferred to the Interior Department in 18U9. In the Commerce Department since 1925. Functions: To administer the patent laws of the United States. During the war, with the advice of the Primary Examiner's Advisory Committee, the Office supplied information regarding patents to the War and Navy Departments and cooperated with the Federal Trade Commission, the Alien Property Custodian, and the Ordnance Chief's Office of the War Department. Records: In the Patent Office. There are in NA, however, a few records for the war period (6 inches) relating to the supervision of the Office by the Secretary of the Interior, References; Pat- ent Office, Patent Laws (Washington, 193U); Gustavus A. Weber, The Patent Office (Baltimore, 192U). PATENT OFFICE COMMITTEE, General Relations Division, National Re- search Council.—Created in 1917 in response to a request by the Commissioner of Patents that the National Research Council "appoint a committee to investigate the Patent Office and patent system, with a view to increasing their effectiveness." On the departure of its Chairman, 7/, F. Durand, to Europe, L, H. Baekeland became Acting Chairman. After extended investigation, the Committee presented a program for the consideration of Congress. It recommended that the Patent Office be made independent of other Government agencies and that its staff and salaries be increased; the enactment of certain amendments to section U921 of the Revised Statutes bene- fiting the patentee; and the establishment of a single court of patent appeals. Functions: As indicated above. Records: In the National Research Council. un PATENT SECTION, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Signal Offi- cer’s Office, War Department.—Formed in October 1918, Functions: Responsible for the control of patent matters, including the deter- mination of questions of patent law, infringements of patent rights, and the validity of patents. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PATENT SECTION, Industrial Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. The head of the Section, a civilian technical assistant, served on the Amy and Navy Patent Board and as liaison officer between that Board, the Munitions Patents Board, and the Solicitor for the Navy Department. Functions: To handle patent questions for the Navy Department, as well as patent work falling under the cognizance of the Ordnance Bu- reau. Records: In the Navy Department. PATENT SECTION, Radio Division, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Established on January 15, 1919. In March 1923 its functions were transferred to the Office of the Judge Advocate General. Func- tions; To establish a system for obviating delays in compensation for patents, without interfering with the prompt use by the Govern- ment of all latest developments, and to make recommendations for prompt compensation of parties having just claims against the Navy Department. Records: Among the general files of the Bureau of Engineering in NA. Consist chiefly of correspondence concerning radio patent claims. PATENT SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department.—See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. PATENTS BOARD, MUNITIONS, War and Navy Departments .—See MUNITIONS PATENTS BOARD. PATENTS BRANCH, Contract Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established early in 1918. Func- tions: To handle the preparation of special clauses and contracts relating to letters patent, and to handle all matters of patent law for the Ordnance Department; Records: In NA, partly with other patent records of the Ordnance Chief's Office and partly with the patent records of the Judge Advocate General's Office. PATENTS DIVISION, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.—Organized in 1917 or 1918 and abolished after the war. Functions; To exer- cise supervision over the seizure, sale, transfer, assignment, and release of patents, trade-marks, and copyrights owned by alien ene- mies. Records; 1918-29 (18 feet) in NA. Include assignments of patents, trade-marks, and copyrights; lists of patents seized; legal opinions concerning patents; records relating to the sale of patents to the Chemical Foundation Co., Inc.; and other records relating to the administration and disposition of patents, trade-marks and copy- rights . PATENTS SECTION, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on December 20, 1918, and discontinued on June 30, 1920. Functions; To have charge of the collection of information about patents in relation to contracts; to maintain records of rights to inventions possessed by the United States; to supervise the gathering of information about inventions by officers and employees of the Department; U12 to supervise negotiations for the purchase of patents and inventions by Department bureaus; and to assemble information to guide the pro- cedure of the Department in these matters. Records; Among the pat- ent records of the Judge Advocate General's Office in NA. PATENTS SECTION, Settlements Division, Finance Service, War Depart- ment.—Created on May 6, 1919. Functions; To arrange for the set- tlement of fees and royalties and other Government obligations of like character contracted during the war. Records: In the Finance Chief's Office, War Department, PATHOLOGICAL DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—Established on April 1, 1891, as the Division of Animal Pa- thology, a name subsequently changed to the Division of Pathology, and, later, to the Pathological Division, Functions: During the war, to prepare vaccine for immunizing young cattle from the black- leg disease; to test commercial biological products such as serums, vaccines, and bacteria used in the control of animal diseases; to test equine blood serum; to study tuberculosis of cattle; to test and produce anthrax serum; to examine diseased animal tissues; to investigate plants poisonous to animals; and to prepare bulletins regarding hemorrhagic septicemia, important poultry diseases, and stock-poisoning plants of Western Europe, the latter for the use of the American Expeditionary Forces, Records; 1917-18 (3 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA, PATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized as a Section of the Physiological Research Division in the summer of 1917 and became a separate Divi- sion in May 1913, with quarters at the American University Experi- ment Station, Washington, D. C, Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the Chemical Warfare Service of the War De- partment on June 25, 1918. Functions: To study the organs and tissues of animals killed by gas, with particular reference to the effects of mustard gas. Records; In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References; Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 25-26 (Bulletin 173A. Washington, 1919). PATHOLOGY AND ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT, Army Medical Museum, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY DIVISION, Hygienic Laboratory, Scientific Research Division, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION. PATHOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, GENERAL, Standardization of Medical and Sur- gical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COM- MITTEE. PATRIOTIC PROMOTION SECTION, Administrative Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—Organized in July 1918. Functions; Through posters, circulars, and speeches, to inspire a proper pa- triotic spirit among workmen on construction jobs in order that labor discontent might be allayed and an incentive provided for the most efficient work. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. U13 PAYMASTER'S DEPARTMENT, Marine Corps Headquarters, Navy Department.- See MARINE CORPS HEADQUARTERS. PEACE, AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE.—See AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE. FEACE CONFERENCE,—Summoned after the armistice by the United States and the Allied Powers to meet at Paris. Following an informal meeting of the representatives of the Great Powers, the first Ple- nary Session of the Conference was held in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles on January 18, 1919, the anniversary of the pro claiming of the German Empire in the same place in 1871. Cleraenceau was elected President. A considerable number of coun- cils, committees, and commissions, meeting for the most part in Paris, performed the work of the Conference. These included the Council of Ten, the Economic Commission, the Commission on Repara- tion of Damages, the League of Nations Commission, and the Central Committee on Territorial Questions. The Conference may be said to have terminated with the signing of the Treaty of Sevres with Tur- key on August 10, 1920. Functions: To conclude peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and the Central Powers. The first treaty to be concluded was the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed by the representatives of the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany on June 28, 1919, the anniversary of the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand. Records; Those of the American participants in the Peace Conference are described under the Ameri- can Commission to Negotiate Peace. References: Paris Peace Con- ference, Conference des preliminaires de paix; composition et fonctionnement, I6** avril 1919, and Fonctionnement de la conference, ler octobre 1919 ([Paris, l9l9]); State Department, Foreign Rela- tions, 1919, The Paris Peace Conference (Washington, 19L2- J] H. W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris (London, 1920-2U); James T. Shotwell, At the raris Peace Conference (New York, 1937); Paul Birdsall, Versailles Twenty Years After (New York, 19Ul). PENITENTIARY SENTENCES AND OFFICERS' GASES NOT INVOLVING DISMISSAL SECTION, Military Justice Division, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department.—See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION. PERIODICAL SECTION, Pulp and Paper Division, War Industries Board.— Formed on October 1, 1918, when the Pulp and Paper Section was ex- panded into a Division. Terminated on December 19, 1918. Func- tions: To administer regulations issued by the Pulp and Paper Division with reference to periodicals. These related to the qual- ity and weight of paper, the prohibition of new publications, re- ductions in tonnage, and the discontinuance of wasteful practices. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. PERISHABLE FOOD PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE.—See FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE, Agriculture Department. PERISHABLE FOODS DIVISION, Food Administration.—Originated early in July 1917 in work performed by a Division of Fruits and Perishables (later known as the Fruits, Vegetables, and Fish Division) and a Division of Markets and Marketing, both under the direction of G. Harold Powell, It was established as the Perishable Foods Divi- sion in December 1917, and to it were transferred the Potatoes and Staple Vegetables Division and the Dairy Products, Cold Storage, hlh and Packing House Products Division. It functioned through the following Sections: Agricultural Relations, Butter and Cheese, Cold Storage, Fisheries, Fruits and Vegetables, Perishable Foods, Potato and Dehydration, Poultry and Eggs, and Milk. It was ordered dissolved in October 1918, and some of its sections were transferred to other divisions, but apparently it continued to function until February 1919. 0. Harold Powell, Chief. Functions: To stimulate the production and the preservation of perishable foods, to maintain maximum price margins for dealers in cold storage products, and to eliminate unfair practices tending to interfere with competition. Records: 1917-19 (165 feet) in NA, Correspondence, minutes of con- ferences, and reports. References; William F. Gephart, "Perishable Produce Under Food Regulation," in Quarterly Journal of Economics, 32: 621-63U (Aug. 1918). PERISHABLE FOODS PROJECT, MARKET INSPECTION OF, Markets Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—See POOD PRODUCTS INSPECTION SERVICE. PERISHABLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Agricultural Advisory Committee See AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE. PERMANENT EXAMINING BOARD, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.— Organized on March 23 and dissolved on November 21, 1918. Functions; To examine candidates for commissions in the Office and to recommend and pass upon the suitability of assignments of officers; to recom- mend promotion or demotion; to consider reports of unfitness; and to receive resignations and to make recommendations concerning them. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PERMIT SECTION, Steel Division, War Industries Board.—Created on June 1 and discontinued after December 31, 1918. Functions; To issue permits for the manufacturing and shipping of steel. Records; 1918 (12 feet) in NA. Include applications for permits, with related correspondence, and priority certificates. PERMIT SECTION, War Emergency Division, Justice Department,—Existed from October 1, 1917, to May 15, 1919. Functions; To deal with the protection of war plants, docks, wharves, waterfront shipping and terminal facilities, and other prohibited areas. The Section prepared regulations and instructions with regard to such areas and supervised a pass and permit system. Records; 1917-19. Among the central files of the Department in NA. Include correspondence, memoranda, regulations, instructions, forms, badges, and case files. PERSONAL ACCESSORIES SECTION, Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See HARDWARE, CORDAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH. PERSONAL AND HORSE EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Ordnance Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See ORDNANCE SUBDIVISION. PERSONAL DEPOSITS AND ALLOTMENTS BRANCH, Central Disbursing Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Existed prior to the war as the Deposits and Allotments Branch, Finance and Account- ing Division. From January 26 to April 16, 1918, it was the Deposits U15 and Allotments Section, Finance and Accounts Branch, General Admin- istration Bureau, From April 16 to June 12, it operated as the Personal Deposits and Allotments Branch, Finance and Accounts Divi- sion, and on the latter date it was transferred to the newly estab- lished Central Disbursing Division of the Office. On October 21, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Finance Service, War Department. Functions: To handle the payment of officers' allot- ments and the payment of "Class E" allotments by enlisted men. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Finance, War Department. PERSONNEL DIVISION, Military Branch, Engineer Chief's Office, War Department,—Established about April 6, 1917. Abolished upon the establishment of the Troop Division early in 1919. Functions: To handle applications for commissions in the Engineer Corps and in the Engineer Officers Reserve Corps, and to handle matters pertain- ing to enlisted personnel. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PERSONNEL DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL SECTION and ENLISTED PERSONNEL SECTION, Ad- ministration Division. PERSONNEL DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.— In existence before the outbreak of war as the Personnel Branch, Administrative Division. Became a Division on October 9, 1917. Performed its functions through the following Branches: Administra- tive, Civilian Personnel, Commissioned Personnel, Departmental Per- sonnel, Enlisted Personnel, Labor Battalion Personnel, Liaison, and Training. Abolished on January 12, 1918. Its duties were taken over by the Administrative Division, Reestablished on April 16, 1918, as the Personnel Division. On December 6, 1918, it became the Personnel Section of the Administrative Branch, Office of the Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic. Functions: To handle the personnel matters of the Office. Records': Probably among those of the Office in NA. PERSONNEL IN THE ARMY, COMMITTEE ON CLASSIFICATION OF, Adjutant Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—See CIASSIFICATION OF PERSONNEL IN THE ARMY COMMITTEE. PETROLEUM COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.—Created in March 1917 and terminated in the late fall of 1917. The work of the Com- mittee was continued by the Petroleum War Service Committee and the Oil Division of the Fuel Administration. Also known as the Oil Co- operative Committee and more commonly as the Oil Committee. Func- tions : To mobilize the oil industry and to aid in the procurement of oil and oil products for the use of the Army and Navy. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, Including fragmentary correspondence, reports, and telegrams (1 inch). PETROLEUM CONFERENCE, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED PETROLEUM CONFER- ENCE. PETROLEUM DIVISION, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Created on July 1, 1916, and still in existence. Also known as the Petroleum and Natural Gas Division. War work was performed by the following Sections: Aviation Fuelsj Fuel Oil; Lubricants; and Technical Re- search. Functions; To undertake investigations relative to the increase and conservation of petroleum supplies through greater 106 efficiency in production and utilizationv Monthly statistics of the refining industry were compiled and a census of the available oil-well casing was prepared. Investigations were made in cooper- ation with and at the suggestion of the War and Navy Departments, the Shipping Board, the Emergency Fleet Corporation, the Bureau of Standards, the Fuel Administration, and the War Trade Board. Rec- ords; 1917-22 (5 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, statistical data, clippings, and printed articles, pamphlets, and reports re- lating to the foreign oil situation; and correspondence and reports of the representatives of the Mines Bureau at the Interallied Petro- leum Conference, July 1918-March 1919, together with minutes of the meetings of the Conference. Other records are probably in the Mines Bureau. References; Mines Bureau, Petroleum Investigations and Production of Helium, 63-7U (Bulletin 178C. Washington, 1919). PETROLEUM FIELD AND REFINERY WASTAGE SECTION, Oil Conservation Bureau, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—See OIL CONSERVATION BUREAU. PETROLEUM PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS, INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF, Interallied Petroleum Conference.—See INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS. PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE.—See STANDARDIZA- TION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS COMMITTEE, PHARMACOGNOSY LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.— In existence before the war. Functions: Activities important to the war effort were experiments to eliminate the objectionable ex- cess of hydrocyanic-yielding glucosides in certain inedible varie- ties of Phaseolus lienatus (Rangoon beans); the compilation for the Tariff Commission of information on crude drugs, which was utilized by the Shipping Board as a basis for restricting their importation; cooperation with the Bureau of Standards in examining certain oakum fibers for the Shipping Board; and instruction of the Sanitary Corps of the Array in detecting edible and inedible types of beans. Rec- ords: Those in NA for the war period include reports and correspond- ence relating to Rangoon beans in the Chemistry Bureau's special files and other correspondence in its general files. PHARMACOLOGICAL LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.— In existence before the war. Functions: Activities important to the war effort included tests upon food, parasiticides, and other sub- stances for the War and Navy Departments and the determination of the pharmacological action of citrates used in the preservation of blood for transfusion purposes. Records: Those in NA for the war period include records in the general and special files of the Chem- istry Bureau, among them reports and correspondence relating to an investigation, made incidental to war activities, of the effect on health of heavy metals when contained in food. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bu- reau, Interior Department.—Organized on November 27, 1917, although pharmacological research had been carried on since April, first by the Physiological Research Division and later by the Therapeutic Research Division. Reorganized in May 1913 for defense investiga- tions only (as distinguished from those relating to offense); at that time toxicological defense research was assigned to it. On kn June 23>, 1918, it was transferred with the entire War Gas Investi- gations to the War Department, where it became the Pharmacological Research Section of the Chemical Warfare Service. Functions; To devise toxicity tests for gases; to determine the skin-irritant ef- fects of gases; to test fabrics for permeability to mustard gas; and to determine variations in skin sensitivity to gases. Records; In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References; Hines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 26 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). PHARMACOLOGY DIVISION, Hygienic Laboratory, Scientific Research Divi- sion, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION. PHARMACY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Sup- plies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZA- TION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. PHOTOGRAPH SUBSECTION, OFFICIAL, News Section, Negative Branch, Mili- tary Intelligence Division, General Staff, 7/ar Department.—See NEWS SECTION. PHOTOGRAPHIC DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.— See PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION, Special Service Division. PHOTOGRAPHIC PERMIT SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Mili- tary Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.—See ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLATES SECTION. PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION, Special Service Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, V/ar Department.—Originated as the Photographic Section of the Office, established in July 1917, which on October 1, 1917, be- came the Photographic Division of the Office. On September 7, 1918, the Division became the Photographic Section of the Special Service Division. Functions: To supervise the photographic work of the Signal Corps, including the collection of still and motion pictures to constitute a comprehensive pictorial history of the war; and to provide pictures for technical use, particularly for instruction purposes. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. PHOTOGRAPHS BUREAU, WAR, Films Division, Committee on Public Infor- mation.—See WAR PHOTOGRAPHS BUREAU. PHOTOGRAPHY AND FIELD GLASSES BRANCH, Production Section, Procure- ment Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PRODUCTION SECTION. PHOTOGRAPHY BRANCH, Purchase Section, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PURCHASE SECTION. PHOTOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, STILL, Army Medical Museum, Museum and Libra- ry Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War De- partment.—Organized as the Special Hospitals and Physical Recon- struction Division on August 22, 1917, and renamed some time in ia 8 May 1918. Operated through the following Sections: Clinical, Edu- cation, Physiotherapy, Publicity, and Orthopedic Aides. (The last- named Section was transferred from the Military Orthopedic Surgery Division in May 1918.) The work of the Division was coordinated with that of the Hospital Division, and it became a Section of that Division on June 20, 1919. Functions: To apply complete medical and surgical treatment to disabled soldiers before their discharge from the Army in order to restore them to a maximum functional con- dition, both mentally and physically. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PHYSICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, CHEMICAL AND, Geologic Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Department.—See CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL RESEARCH DIVISION. PHYSICAL STANDARDS AND EXAMINATION SECTION, Sanitation Division, Sur- geon General's Office, War Department,—See MISCELLANEOUS SECTION. PHYSICIANS COMMITTEE, WOMEN, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sani- tation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— See WOMEN PHYSICIANS COMMITTEE. PHYSICS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. PHYSICS COMMITTEE, Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division, National Research Council.—Organized in 1917 under the chairmanship of R. A. Millikan, Became a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions; Devoted its attention to military problems, working closely with the War and Navy Depart- ments. In cooperation with a French scientific mission, it arranged conferences of physicists on special problems and initiated inves- tigations for their solution. Subjects in which it was interested are indicated by the names of its Subcommittees: Airplane Instru- ments, Arc-Light Problems, Balloon Problems, Bomb Sights and Stabi- lizers, Camouflage, Crystal Detectors, Illumination, Location of Invisible Aircraft, Location of Mining and Tunneling Operations, Monoculars and Binoculars, Muzzle Velocity of Projectiles, Naval Range Finders, Navigation of Airplanes, Optical Signaling, Para- chute Problems, Photo Receiving, Pressures in Sound Waves, Range Finders for Antiaircraft Service, Sound Ranging, Static Charges on Airships, Submarine Investigations, Submarine Mines, Upper-Air Prob- lems, Use of High Pressure in Manufacturing Guns, Visibility, and Wireless. Records: In the National Research Council. PHYSICS, MATHEMATICS, ASTRONOMY, AND GEOPHYSICS DIVISION, National Research Council.—A part of the war organization of the Council, it was formed in 1918 by bringing together the Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, Optical Glass, and Navigation and Nautical Instruments Committees. The Chairman, R. A. Millikan, and the Vice Chairman, C. E. Mendenhall, also served as Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Science and Research Division of the Office of the Chief Signal Of- ficer, War Department. In the peacetime organization of the Coun- cil, organized in May 1919, it was succeeded by the Physical Sciences Division under C. E. Mendenhall, Chairman. Functions; Worked in close touch with the War and Navy Departments on war problems. Ini- tiated or cooperated with more than 70 investigations having to do with these problems. Included were projects dealing with airplane instruments, balloons, bomb sights and stabilizers, bomb trajecto- ries, photography, devices for detecting submarines and aircraft. hl9 special optical questions relating to secret signaling, increased visibility at sea, and detection of camouflage. With the authori- zation of the Military Division, it initiated a joint weekly con- ference with the Engineering Division at which military officers and civilian scientists received research reports from abroad and discussed scientific and technical problems connected with the con- duct of the war. Records: In the National Research Council. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized on April U, 1917. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To conduct medical science research concerning gas warfare. Included pharmacological, pathological, and thera- peutic research until those functions were assigned to separate divisions. The war work of the Pnysiological Research Division was accomplished by the following Sections: Aviation Investigations; Field Tests of Gases; Sanitation Conditions at Poison Gas Factories; and Shock, Asphyxia, Hemorrhage, and Carbon Monoxide Investigations. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References; Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 22-2h (Bulletin 1?Ba. Wash- ington, 1919). PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT REQUIREMENTS OF CERTAIN CULTIVATED PLANTS COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917 with Burton E. Living- ston as Chairman. Functions: To promote a cooperative study by research institutions of the subject indicated by its name. The Committee prepared a prospectus for the study in order that all in- vestigators might follow the same methods and use the same materials. This study was continued after the war under the direction of the Biology and Agriculture Division of the Council. Records: In the National Research Council. PHYSIOLOGY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council.—Organized in 1917 with Walter B. Cannon as Chair- man and W. H. Howell as Vice and Acting Chairman. Became a part of the Division wrhen it was established in 1918. At the time of the armistice the following three Subcommittees were active; Fatigue in Industrial Pursuits, Frederick S. Lee, Chairman; Investigations on the Physiology of Shock, W. B. Cannon, Chairman; and Control of Hemorrhage, W. H. Howell, Chairman. Functions: Cooperated with the Medicine and Hygiene Committee. Organized numerous investiga- tions on physiological problems arising from the war, including studies of hemorrhage, fatigue, industrial efficiency, hygienic conditions in industrial establishments, and traumatic shock. Rec- ords : In the National Research Council. PHYSIOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Sup- plies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZA- TION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. PHYSIOTHERAPY SECTION, Physical Reconstruction Division, Surgeon Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—See PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION. PHYTOCHEMICAL LABORATORY, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department.- In existence before the war. Functions; During the war at the suggestion of the National Research Council, it investigated the sources of caffeine ether than those usually available. Records: Those in NA for the war period are among the general filei~oT"tHe Chemistry Bureau, U20 PICTORIAL PUBLICITY DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Estab- lished in April 1917 and discontinued in December 1918. Office in New York City. Charles Dana Gibson, Director. Functions: To uti- lize the artists of the country in the war effort, especially in the drawing of posters. Records: Routine correspondence on hand at the close of the Division’s activities was retained by Gibson. PICTORIAL SECTION, Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized in 1918. Functions: To collect official and other photographs relating to the war, and to edit a pictorial history of the war. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. PICTURE SERVICE DIVISION, FOREIGN, Committee on Public Information.- See FOREIGN PICTURE SERVICE DIVISION. PICTURES DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Authorized by Executive Order No. 2708, September 25, 1917. Merged into the Films Division as the Bureau of War Photographs in March 1918, Kendall Banning and L. E, Rubel, Directors successively. Functions: To promote the making and distribution of official war photographs, to issue permits for photographing Government activities, and to fur- nish pictures for the Foreign Press Bureau-Mail Service. Records: 1917-18 (3 feet) in NA. Largely invoices for photographs. PIG IRON, IRON ORE, AND LAKE TRANSPORTATION SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— Organized in June 1917. Dissolved in November, when its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board. Functions; To keep the superior Committee informed of developments in the industry. Records: Some may be in NA among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board. PIG IRON SECTION, Steel Division, War Industries Board.—Created shortly after the organization of the Steel Division in November 1917. Discontinued after December 31, 1918. Functions: In con- junction with the Pig Irdn, Iron Ore, and Lake transportation Com- mittee of the American Iron and Steel Institute, it arranged for the procurement and supply of all pig iron required by various Government departments or by private firms for governmental pur- poses. Records: 1917-18 in NA. Include correspondence and allo- cation requests, with supporting papers (25 feet). Other records are probably in the "consolidated files" of the Board. PIG TIN POOL, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED TIN EXECUTIVE. PIG TIN SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in June 1917. Dissolved the following November, when its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board. Functions: To keep the superior Committee informed of developments in the industry. Records; Among those of the Council and of the Industries Board in NA. PIGEON SECTION, Special Service Division, Chief Signal Officer's Of- fice, War Department.—Originated as the Pigeon Service of the Sig- nal Corps, which was authorized in November 1917. On September 7, 1918, the Service became the Pigeon Section, Special Service U21 Division. Functions: To procure, breed, and train pigeons, and to train personnel for the pigeon service. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PINTO BEAN DIVISION FOR GROWING DISTRICTS (COLORADO), Food Adminis- tration.—Created in response to appeals for aid from pinto bean planters who were unable to dispose of their 1917 crop. (The pinto bean, a medium-sized, heavily mottled, highly nutritious seed, had been practically unknown in the East. ) On February 13, 1918, the Federal Food Administrator for Color&uo, at the request of the Bean Section of the Food Administration, appointed 0. H. Liebers as Pinto Bean Commissioner. Through his "Pinto Bean Division for Growing Dis- tricts," located in Denver, Liebers exercised jurisdiction over the pinto bean growing districts of five States—Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, Kansas, and Nebraska. He worked in close collaboration with the Bean Section of the Food Administration and the Bean Division of the Grain Corporation. The county agricultural agents of the Agri- culture Department handled the signing of contracts with planters. The Grain Corporation purchased and sold the bulk of the crop of pintos. The producers of the "Colorado Speckled Beauties" wanted to receive similar favored treatment for their 1918 crop, but in view of the complaints of growers of other varieties of beans and the ending of hostilities in Europe, the E?od Administration did not enter upon a fresh agreement with them. The Pinto Bean Division terminated in February 1919. Functions: To handle problems con- nected with the purchasing and marketing of the enormous pinto bean crop of 1917. Records: 1918-19 (lit feet) in NA. Correspondence, contracts between pinto bean growers and the Grain Corporation, shipping orders, reports of stock on hand and of shipments, and lists of county agents, growers, and shippers. Related records are among those of the Bean Section, Canned Foods Division, Food Admin- istration, and of the Bean Division, Grain Corporation. References; Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War, 361-36U (New York, 1928). PIPE LINES BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Established on March 13, 1918, and removed to New York on April l£. Terminated in December 1918. Functions; To gather information concerning pipe lines and to bring about an increased flow of oil to the Eastern seaboard. Records: In NA. Correspondence, tracings, and blue- prints (U feet) are filed separately from the central files of the Division. PISTOL BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARMS BRANCH. PLANES DEPARTMENT, Production Division, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. PLANNING AND ADJUSTMENTS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Organized on January 26, 1918, as the Control and Planning Branch. A Planning and Inspection Branch was established on June lU by uniting the Planning Section of the Control and Planning Branch with the Inspection Branch (that is, inspection and planning activities were coordinated to form one branch, although, in reality, the Planning and Inspection Branches continued to function separately). On August 5» the Planning Branch absorbed the adjustments and accounting work and was then called the Planning and Adjustments Branch. On October 19, 1918, this Branch was transferred with the Subsistence Division to U22 the Office of the Director of Purchase, Functions: To have charge of the inspection and grading of canned goods, of matters pertaining to receptacles for packing, and of specifications pertaining to sub- sistence in general. Records: Probably with those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. PLANNING AND CONTROL SECTION, Control Bureau, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See PLANNING BRANCH, Executive Section, PLANNING AND CONTROL SECTION, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in 1917, Included the following Branches; Audit, Balance of Stores, Executive, Follow Up and Dis- tribution, Order of Work, Procurement Order and Delivery Record, and Supply and Shipping Order, Functions; To handle routine operations of the Division pertaining to the procurement and distribution of ordnance supplies, and to maintain related records. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA, PLANNING AND ENGINEERING SECTION, Small Arms Division,, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized in June 1917, Transferred on January lU, 1918, together with the engineering functions of the Machine Gun Section, Carriage Division, to the Engineering Bureau as its Machine Gun and Small Arms Section. It again became a part of the Small Arms Division upon the reestablishment of that Division by Office Order No. h95, effective on February 1, 1919, Functions: To have charge of engineering work for the Division, including the revision of drawings, the inspection of new designs, and the making of recommendations relating to manufacture; and to cooperate with the Contract Section, Small Arms Division, in drawing up specifica- tions for the raw materials required. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, PLANNING AND INSPECTION BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See PLANNING AND ADJUSTMENTS BRANCH. PLANKING AND STATISTICS CENTRAL BUREAU.—See CENTRAL BUREAU OF PUN- NING AND STATISTICS. PLANNING AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Shipping Board.—Created by a reso- lution of the Shipping Board on February 11, 1918. Ceased to func- tion on August 31, 1919, Edwin F. Gay and W. S, Tower, Directors successively. Functions; To keep a daily record in graphic form of the movement of ships; to plan voyage schedules so that the Board might use all ships to the limit of their capacity; to obtain know- ledge of commodities exported and imported; and to collect data and prepare plans on special subjects. Cooperated with other similar statistical units in the various governmental war organizations, especially with those of the War Trade Board and the War Industries Board. Also served the Allied Maritime Transport Council, Some of its functions were continued under the Intelligence Section, Opera- tions Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. Rec- ords: 1917-19 (15 feet, exclusive of records on mineral exports and imports now combined with those of the Geological Survey) in NA. Include a general file; statistical reports; Intelligence Sec- tion reports; administrative papers; files of the Secretary of the Manning of American Merchant Marine Committee; and a report on "Terminal Charges at United States Ports." Records relating to the work of the Division are probably among those of the War Trade Board in the State Department, h23 PLANNING AND STATISTICS DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Created in June 1918, succeeding the part of the Statistics Division of the Council of National Defense remaining after the transfer in April of the greater part of its personnel to the Statistics Branch of the General Staff. Organized by and operated under the general supervision of Edwin F. Gay, who was also in charge of the Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, the Planning and Statistics Division of the Shipping Board, and the Research and Tabulation of Statistics Bureau of the War Trade Board. On July 1, 1913, the Division of Planning and Statistics was placed under the immediate supervision of a Director, H. R. Hatfield. It was discontinued after December 31, 1913, and several of its sections were trans- ferred to the War Trade Board. Functions: To coordinate and tabu- late the statistical work of the commodity sections; to make stud- ies of wartime price movements; to collect information on war con- tracts and deliveries; to collect information of interest to the Board about conditions in foreign countries; and to conduct special investigations upon request. Various series of bulletins on con- tracts, the production of different commodities, and prices were prepared and sent to Government officials and other interested per- sons, Records; Some are among those of the War Trade Board in the State Department; some are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University, Calif.; and the remainder form a part of the records of the War Industries Board in NA. These include a file of monthly reports on war contracts and operating capacities of plants, with related correspondence, 1917-18 (U3 feet); sample sets of questionnaires sent out by all sections of the Board and by- other agencies; copies of bulletins and circulars; and card records of firms holding war contracts. References: Leo Wolman, "The Sta- tistical Work of the War Industries Board," in American Statistical Association, Quarterly Publications, 16: 2U8-260 (Mar. 1919). PLANNING AND STATISTICS SECTION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See RECORDS SECTION, Ship Con- struction Division. PLANNING BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster Gener- al’s Office, War Department.—Established on June lit, 1918. Oper- ated through the following Sections: Planning, Research and Specifications, and Statistical. Transferred with the Division in October 1918 to the Office of the Director of Purchase. Func- tions ; To plan a program of procurement and inspection for the Division. Records; Probably with those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral 's Office in NA. FLAMING BRANCH, Depot Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Organized on February 13, 1918, as a Branch of the 'Warehousing Division. Became part of the Depot Division on the establishment of that Division on April 16. Abolished on June lit, 1918. Functions: To determine warehouse space requirements for the Quartermaster Corps, and to conduct research to develop the most efficient methods to be followed in the various depots of the Division. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PLANNING BRANCH, Executive Section, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established as the Planning and Control Section of the Control Bureau on January Ui, 1918, by Office Order No. lOli. Trans- ferred by Office Order No. 222 of May 25, 1913, to the Estimates and Requirements Division as its Planning Section. When Office U2U Order No. 297 of August 10, 1918, established the Executive Section, the Planning Section was transferred to it as a Branch. Functions: To analyze reports and communications received from the military forces and from other sources that involved work not of a routine nature or that involved two or more bureaus or divisions; to plan, arrange for, and follow up the work such communications entailed; and to serve as a liaison office and clearinghouse for information both for ordnance officers who desired to be informed regarding matters handled by the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division or the War Industries Board, and for the Division and the Board when they desired to be informed concerning ordnance matters. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PLANNING DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—Origi- nated in the assignment in May 1916 of Commander Frank H. Schofield to the Office of Naval Operations. Functions; To deliberate upon questions of policy in using the fleet in war and to cooperate with plans committees of the Department, Records; In the Division. PLANNING DIVISION, Training and Dilution Service, War Labor Adminis- tration, Labor Department.—Probably instituted with the Service on July 16, 1913. Operated through Training Methods, Research, and Information Sections. After the armistice, it used the Training Division’s field service to gather information. Probably terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions: To study ways and means of training and diluting skilled labor. Records; Disposi- tion authorized by Congress in 1928. PLANNING SECTION, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, Functions: To examine the tactical, logis- tical, and strategical information received by the Division and to transmit this information to the proper places. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. PLANNING SECTION, Statistics Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Ad- ministration.—See STATISTICS BUREAU. PLANS DIVISION, WAR, General Staff, War Department.—See WAR PLANS DIVISION. PLANT DISPOSAL SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Or- ganization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on April 21, 1919. On February k, 1920, the Section was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Supply and Sales Division, where its identity seems to have disappeared. It seems likely, however, that its functions were taken over by the Inventory and Appraisal Section of the Supply and Sales Division. Functions; To determine when a shipyard would be available for disposal asa unit or for dismantle- ment, and to supervise negotiations for the disposition of the inter- est of the Emergency Fleet Corporation in a. shipyard and to determine its price. Records: Apparently consolidated with those of the suc- cessor unit, which are in NA. PLANT EQUIPMENT SECTION, MISCELLANEOUS, Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH. U25 PUNT EXTENSION SECTION, SPECIAL RENTALS AND, Compensation Board, Navy Department.—See SPECIAL RENTALS AND PUNT EXTENSION SECTION. PUNT FACILITIES SECTION, Inspector of Ordnance Establishments, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—A memorandum of December 30, 1918, of the Office of the Chief of Ordnance outlined the functions of this projected Section, and Office Memorandum No. 166 of January 29, 1919, announced the establishment and functions of the Plant Facilities Section, under the Inspector of Ordnance Establishments. Early in January 1919, the records and files of the Gauge Section (presumably a part of the Engineering Division) and of the Plant Section (formerly a part of the Production Division) were taken over by this Section. Functioned through the following Branches: Admin- istrative or Executive, Inventory, Artillery, Small Arms, Artillery Ammunition, Chemical Loading and Explosives, Electrical, Maintenance, Stores, Materials, and Arsenal Requirements, Functions: To salvage machinery and equipment of every description needed at the Govern- ment arsenals and ordnance establishments in order to carry out a policy recommended by the Arsenal Facilities Board; and to replace any worn out and obsolete machinery and equipment that might be on hand. Records; Among those of the Office in NA. PUNT FACILITIES SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Cir- cular No. 39 of June 5, 1919* Still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions: To supervise and direct the disposal of plants and plant facilities owned, leased, or otherwise controlled by the United States for the use of the Department upon their being recommended for disposal by agencies of the Department. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PUNT INDUSTRY BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—Established by an act of March 2, 1901, through consolidation of eight divisions concerned with plant and crop problems. Functions: During the war, with a view to increasing production, avoiding waste, and providing sub- stitute products, to conduct investigations dealing with fruit dis- eases, cereal diseases, and diseases responsible for the spoilage of vegetables and for defects of airplane and gun-carriage timber; methods of corn production and possibilities of improvement; the production of currency paper from domestic flax to replace paper made from rags formerly obtained from Germany; the location of raw materials for the manufacture of gas masks; the development of larger production of extra-staple cotton used in the manufacture of automobile tires, airplane wings, and balloon and other fabrics requiring the greatest possible strength and durability in fiber; the technology of castor-oil manufacture; and agricultural condi- tions in Algeria, made at the request of the French High Commission. Also to conduct campaigns to ensure as nearly as possible the main- tenance of the normal supply of sugar and to stimulate the develop- ment of home gardens. Records; 1886-19U2 (38,5lU feet) in NA and the Department of Agriculture. Records for the war years in NA in- clude press-book copies of outgoing letters of the Office of the Chief, and correspondence of the following Offices: Agricultural Technology, in regard to its work on the production of extra-staple cotton and other fibers of great strength and durability; Cereal Investigations, in regard to its investigations of cereal diseases; Drug, Poison, and Oil Plant Investigations, in regard to its in- vestigations of castor-oil manufacture; Fruit Diseases and Horticul- tural and Pomological Investigations, in regard to its investigations U26 of the storage of fruits, vegetables, and truck crops; Soil Fertili- ty Investigations, in regard to its studies of American sources of potash and new nitrogen sources; and Sugar Plant Investigations, in regard to its work on the maintenance of a normal supply of sugar. There is also a file of war emergency food letters pertaining to the increase in the production of the food supply. PLANT PROTECTION BUREAU, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Depart- ment. —See PLANT PROTECTION SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff. PLANT PROTECTION SECTION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on April 6, 1918, under the general supervision of the Vice President and General Manager of the Corporation. On October 1, 1919, its few remaining pro- tection activities were transferred to the Jurisdiction of the district managers. On January 13, 1920, the Section was abolished as a part of the Construction Organization and was recreated as the Investigation Department of the Corporation. Functions: To supervise the guarding of shipyard plant properties; to supervise fire protection measures and investigate fires; to conduct confi- dential investigations and perform secret service work; and to main- tain liaison and cooperate with other governmental intelligence and secret service organizations. Records: 1917-20 (37 feet) in NA. General correspondence, notes, reports, and memoranda, including reports of the district guard and fire marshals. Related records in NA include a few papers dealing with plant protection among records of the Shipyard Plants Division, and material dealing with fire protection among the records of the Fire Protection Section of that Division; records concerning the investigative activities of the Plant Protection Section are in the files of the Investiga- tion Department. PLANT PROTECTION SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Originated in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer on July 23, 1917. Became a Subsection of the Foreign Influence, Enemy Propaganda Section, about December 20, 1917, and on July 1, 1918, became a Subsection of the Army Sec- tion. Became a Section of the Negative Branch probably when that Branch was formed on August 18, 1918. Functions: To protect Gov- ernment plants and construction projects and private plants engaged in war work. Records: Some are among those of the Division in NA. PLANT PROTECTION SECTION, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— See INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT. PLANT SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Created on April 27, 1918. On July 30, 1918, it absorbed the functions of the Construction Section of the Control Bureau. Operated through the following Branches; Construction, Equipment, Plant Survey, and Requirements. Functions; To determine what new plants and additions to plants and equipment should be provided at the expense of the United States; to check estimates of costs and approve purchase orders; to certify receipt of material for the construction and equipment of new plant facilities; to compile and furnish information as to sources of supply of machines, tools, and equipment; and to make plant surveys and keep records of availa- ble manufacturing facilities. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. U27 PLANT SURVEY BRANCH, Plant Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on April 27, 1918. Func- tions; To list available plant facilities and initiate new proj- ects in connection with the utilization of available facilities. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PLANTS AND MUNITIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, War Industries Board.— Created on May 28, 1913, taking over the functions and much of the personnel of the Committee on Production of the Board. Discontin- ued after the armistice. Functions; To represent the Board in the distribution and placing of orders and to assist the War and Navy Departments in production problems, particularly with reference to the production of guns, forgings, and railroad gun mounts and the standardization of freight cars and locomotives. Records: 1917-18 (2 feet) in NA. Include correspondence of the Chairman and reports on locomotives, both of which antedate the formation of the Commit- tee. Related records may be in the "consolidated files" of the Board. PUNTS COMMITTEE, PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT REQUIREMENTS OF CERTAIN CULTI- VATED, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Divi- sion, National Research Council.—See PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT REQUIRE- MENTS OF CERTAIN CULTIVATED PUNTS COMMITTEE. PUNTS CONSTRUCTION SECTION, SHIPYARD, Shipyard Plants Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— See SHIPYARD PUNTS CONSTRUCTION SECTION. PUNTS DIVISION, SHIPYARD, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See SHIPYARD PLANTS DIVISION. PLASTIC AND ORAL SURGERY SECTION, Surgery of the Head Division, Sur- geon General's Office, War Department,—See SURGERY OF THE HEAD DIVISION. PUTTNUM SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Formed in March and discontinued on December 31, 1918, Functions: To control and conserve the supply of platinum by ascertaining Govern- ment and essential civilian requirements and administering and dis- tributing the supply to meet these demands, while gradually building up a reserve. Records: Among those of the War Department Claims Board in NA.- PLEDGE CARD CAMPAIGN OFFICE, Home Conservation Division, Food Admin- istration.—Organized in August 1917. Its work was later taken over by the Educational and States Administration Divisions. Functions; To supervise and encourage the conservation of food by carrying on personal-pledge campaigns among housewives. The Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense cooperated in this work. Rec- ords ; 1917-19 (15 feet) in NA. General correspondence, reports, lists of officials, club rosters, record cards, memoranda, and signed pledge cards. References: William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919» 86-87 (Stan- ford University, 19U1)• PLUMBING SUPPLIES DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION, 1*28 POISONINGS COMMITTEE, INDUSTRIAL, Medicine and Related Sciences Divi- sion, National Research Council.—See INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS COMMIT- TEE. POLICE SECTION, SECRET SERVICE AND, Operation Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—See SECRET SERVICE AND POLICE SECTION. POLICIES AND PLANNING BOARD, Employment Service, Labor Department.— Created on March 1, 1918, by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor. Probably terminated after the armistice. Functions: To consider the policies and progress of the various divisions of the Employ- ment Service. Records: Whereabouts unknown. POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF MINERALS SECTION, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. POPULATION DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.—In exist- ence before the war. Functions: To collect, compile, and prepare for publication statistics relating to population, religious bod- ies, and marriage and divorce. During the war it participated in various war-related duties of the Bureau. Records; In the Census Bureau. PORT AND HARBOR FACILITIES COMMISSION, Shipping Board.—Began to function early in May 1916, and formally organized on May 23, 1918, as the Commission on Port, Terminal, and Harbor Improvement. The title was later changed. On December 1, 1919, nearly all its staff was transferred to the Rivers and Harbors Board of the War Depart- ment, but the truncated Commission continued to operate for some time thereafter. Some of the functions are still performed jointly by the War* Department and the Maritime Commission under the Trans- portation and the Merchant Marine Acts of 1920, Functions; To make a survey of port facilities; to recommend plans for the more effec- tive utilization of port facilities and for the construction of new facilities; and to take charge of such new construction as might be authorized. Records; 1918-26 (92 feet) in NA. Include the gener- al files; port data and correspondence; reports of the Commission; information files and pamphlets on foreign ports; press releases and clippings; part of the files of the Interregional Traffic Com- mittee of the Traffic Division of the Railroad Administration; a file on the cost of cargo handling; port information questionnaires; charts, tables, maps, and blueprints; and catalogs of industrial machinery and supplies. PORT OF NEW YORK WAR BOARD.—See WAR BOARD FDR THE PORT OF NEW YORK. PORT OPERATIONS BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department.—Established about May 19, 1919. Oper- ated through the following three Sections; Import; Tonnage Allot- ment and Release; and Traffic. Abolished on November 6, 1919, part of its functions being taken over by a Port and Cable Branch in the Division. Functions: To serve as a clearinghouse through which all material at ports had to pass on its way to and from the American Expeditionary Forces; to allocate tonnage to ports; and to follow up the shipment of materials. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. 1*2 9 PORT OPERATIONS DIVISION, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Originated as the Cargo Section of the Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Became the Port Operations Division on October 25, 1918, by author- ity of Purchase and Storage Notice No*' 9. On February 1, 1919, by authority of Purchase and Storage Notice No. 28 of January 18, this Division became a part of the Overseas Supply Division. Functions: To have charge of supply operations at primary and secondary ports of embarkation; to regulate the movement of supplies to these ports; and to see that the supplies moved through the ports in accordance with established priorities. Statements showing the tonnage re- quired at each port of embarkation for floating and port reserve stocks were prepared and transmitted to the Overseas Distribution Division. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA. PORT, TERMINAL, AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT COMMISSION, Shipping Board.- See PORT AND HARBOR FACILITIES COMMISSION. PORT TERMINALS AND INLAND WATERWAYS DIVISION, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Formed ac the Port Terminals Sec- tion after July 1, 1919, when the supervision of War Department port terminals was assigned to the Office of the Chief of the Transporta- tion Service. Absorbed the Inland Waterways Division of the Rail- road Administration upon the dissolution of that organization, and on March 1, 1920, was renamed Port Terminals and Inland Waterways Division. Operated through two Branches; Inland Waterways and Port Terminals. Functions; To supervise the operation of War Department port terminals and to operate inland waterways. Records; In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department, PORTS, WATERWAYS, AND RAILWAYS COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF, Peace Conference.—See INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF PORTS, WATERWAYS, AND RAILWAYS COMMISSION. POSITIVE BRANCH, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—Probably established in February 1918 as the Positive Intelligence Section (also known as Foreign Intelligence Section). It was soon raised to the status of a Branch, with various subor- dinate sections which underwent several organizational revisions, particularly after the signing of the armistice. These Sections existed at various times under the following names: Cable and Tele- graph; Code and Cipher; Collection (also called Military Attaches); Combat Intelligence Instruction (also called Field Intelligence); Editorial; Evaluation and Collation; Geographic; Information (in- cluding an Historical Subsection); Planning; and Translation. Functions: To collate, evaluate, and disseminate information to other units of the Department said the Army. Records; In the Gen- eral Staff, War Department. POST EXCHANGE COMMITTEE, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—Organized in July 1917. Functions: To formulate plans for a system of post exchanges in the various tactical divi- sions; to select and train post-exchange officers; to contract for the original stock for post exchanges; to arrange for the erection of the necessary buildings; and to supervise the operations of the exchanges until they became solvent. Records; -In the General Staff, War Department. U30 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.—Created in 1789 but did not attain the sta- tus of an executive department until 1872. During the period of the war it functioned through the Classification, Dead Letters, Equip- ment and Supplies, Finance, Foreign Mails, Money Order, Post Office Inspectors, Post Office Service, Railway Mail Service, Registered Mails, Solicitor, and Stamps Divisions, the Purchasing Agent's Of- fice, the Censorship Board, the Telegraph and Telephone Administra- tion, and the Wire Control Board. Albert S. Burleson, Postmaster General. Functions; To provide for the delivery of the mail; to sell money orders, stamps, and related items; to conduct the postal savings banks; and to act for other Government agencies in various activities. The war duties of the Department were to establish and maintain mail service for the military forces in the United States and abroad; to operate the telephone and telegraph systems; to help carry out the provisions of the Trading 7/ith the Enemy Act and the Espionage Act relating to illegal use of the mails; to register enemy axiens and list enemy-owned property; to report disloyal utterances; to furnish information to the intelligence services of the War and Navy Departments; to distribute questionnaires to registrants under t>v* Selective Service Act; to assist in recruiting; to sell the va- rious war issues of bonds and stamps; and to transmit official war information to the public. Records: 13U9-1939 (2,190 feet) in NA. Include fragmentary records of many divisions. Most of the records remain in the Post Office Department. References: Post Office De- partment, Annual Reports, 1916-19. POST OFFICE INSPECTORS DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In exist- ence before the war. Functions: During the war it aided in com- bating hostile propaganda under the Trading With the Enemy Act and the Espionage Act by investigating foreign-language publications and treasonable and disloyal literature. It maintained close con- tact with the intelligence agencies of the War and Navy Departments. Records: Some may be among those of the Department in NA. Others remain in the Post Office Department. POST OFFICE SERVICE DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In existence before the war. Functions; Daring the war it provided and super- vised branch post offices at military camps; assisted in the regis- tration of enemy aliens; cooperated with the Alien Property Custo- dian; reported any disloyal utterances coming to its attention; assisted in the recruiting work of the War and Navy Departments; posted casualty lists and distributed them to newspapers; aided in publicity work for many governmental war organizations; and adver- tised and sold war savings stamps and thrift stamps. Records; Some may be among those of the Department in NA. Others remain in the Post Office Department. POSTER SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Division, Information and Education Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Probably created in February and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions: To prepare and distribute building construction posters. Records; Disposition authorized by Congress on May 7, 1928. POSTERS DIVISION, Information and Education Service, War Labor Ad- ministration, Labor Department.—Organized on May 1, 1918. Proba- bly terminated in February 1919. Functions; To prepare and dis- tribute posters with the object of bringing about cooperation between labor and capital, reducing labor turn-over, and increasing production. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress on May 7, 1928. U31 POTATO AND DEHYDRATION SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Ad- ministration.—As early as July 1917 a Potatoes and Staple Vegeta- bles Division wag in existence. This became the Potato and Dehy- dration Section of the Perishable Foods Division in December 1917. In October 1918 the dehydration problem was transferred to the Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Department, and the Canned Foods Division took over the work with regard to potatoes. Functions; To deal with matters relating to the dehydration of fruits and vegetables; and to encourage the formation of potato growers' and shippers' associations, standardize grading, provide storage, ar- range for loans on warehouse receipts, regulate transportation, and campaign for increased consumption of potatoes as a substitute for wheat. Records: 1917-19 (20 feet) in NA. Correspondence and re- ports of potato shippers. POTATOES SUBCOMMITTEE, Food Production Program Committee, Agriculture Department.—See FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE. POULTRY AND EGGS SECTION, Perishable Foods Division, Food Administra- tion.—From July to December 1917 matters pertaining to poultry and eggs were handled by the Dairy Products, Cold Storage, and Packing House Products Division. The work was then transferred to the Per- ishable Foods Division and performed by the Poultry and Eggs Section In October 1918 it was transferred to the Distribution Division. W. F. Priebe, Chief. Functions: To prevent the killing of egg- laying poultry, discourage speculation, prescribe margins, prohibit resales and fix prices of cold-storage eggs, determine license pro- visions, and regulate the transportation and packing of poultry and eggs. Records: 1917-19 (20 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports concerning the storage of poultry and eggs, and mailing lists of commodity dealers. POULTRY PRODUCTS MARKET NEWS SERVICE, DAIRY AND, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS MARKET NEWS SERVICE. POWDER AND EXPLOSIVES BRANCH, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division. POWDER, EXPLOSIVES, AND FUSE SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the war. Func- tions: To have charge of the design, manufacture, and procurement of powder and explosives, small-arm and machine-gun ammunition, cartridge cases, powder tanks, fuses, smoke boxes, funnels, and chemicals. Also responsible for shell and ammunition loading car- ried on at naval ammunition depots. Records: In the Navy Depart- ment. POWDER PLANTS PROJECT BRANCH, Construction Division, Housing Corpo- ration.—Organized on May 28, 1918, in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department. Terminated in February 1919. Functions; In cooperation with the Architectural Division, the staff prepared designs of temporary buildings on powder-plant projects and supervised their construction. In the main, it com- pleted housing projects started by the War Department and provided housing for workers in powder and ammunition loading plants. Rec- ords: 1918-19 in NA. Interfiled with other records of the Con- struction Division. 1*32 POWER AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT, American Ordnance Base Depot in France Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION, Supply Division. POWER EQUIPMENT SECTION, ELECTRICAL AND, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See ELECTRICAL AND POWER EQUIPMENT SECTION. POWER PLANTS SECTION, Yards and .Docks Bureau, Navy Department.— Established in the fall of 1917, taking over work formerly performed by the Marine Corps, Fuel Oil, and Radio Section. Functions: To supervise the preparation of plans and specifications for new power plants; distributing systems for light, heat, and power; and the electrical and mechanical equipment of shops, dry docks, training camps, barracks, and hospitals. Records: Among the general files of the Bureau in NA. POWER RESOURCES DIVISION, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Department.—Organized in 1918 as a result of an agreement with the Fuel Administration. Still in existence. Functions: To collect and compile information concerning developed and potential water power of the United States. Records: In the Water Resources Branch. POWER SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established in Septem- ber 1910, after having originated with the appointment of a Power Engineer to the staff of the Assistant to the Vice President and General Manager in Charge of Organization and Methods of the Corpo- ration. The Section appears to have terminated in August or Sep- tember 1919. Functions: To survey power conditions in localities in which shipbuilders were located: to prepare reports on power re- quirements; to prepare plans for providing adequate power facilities; and to insure a proper power supply to shipyard projects. Records; 1918-19 (7 feet) in NA. Include reports, memoranda, notes, corre- spondence on power conditions and requirements in shipyards and other industrial plants, and some rate schedules of power companies. POWER SECTION, War Industries Board.—Formed about May 1918 to continue the work of an informal committee organized in December 1917. Its activities practically ceased soon after the armistice. Functions; To survey and report on the power situation throughout the country; to make plans for supplying power required for war industries; and to advise the Capital Issues Committee and the War Finance Corpora- tion in regard to requests for assistance involving electrical power projects. Records; Some are among those of the Board in NA, chiefly in its "consolidated files." Others are in the War Department. POWER SECTION, FUEL AND, Production Division, Ordnance Chiefs Office, War Department.—See MISCELLANEOUS SECTION. PRECISION INSTRUMENTS BRANCH, Machinery and Engineering Materials Envision, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS DIVISION. PREFERRED SALES SECTION, Sales Supervision Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about January l£, 1919. Transferred to the U33 Administrative Branch as its Preferential Markets Section about June 9, 1919. Functions: To develop a preferential market for surplus among governmental, public, and institutional agencies, and to assist the commodity branches of the Division and of other bureaus of the Department in sales and transfers to preferential users. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in‘NA. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Originated in the Housing Committee of the Council of National Defense, which was created in October 1917 under Otto M. Eidlitz. Organized on April 1, 1918, as the Preliminary Investigation Division of the In- dustrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, and later became a Division of the Corporation. Merged into the Surveys and Statistics Division of the Corporation on August 15, 1918. Functions; Conducted preliminary investigations to determine the need for housing accommodations after the Director of the Corpora- tion and the Labor, War, and Navy Departments had signified the need for such accommodations. Its work was supplemented by that of the Statistical Division. Records: April 1-August 15, 1918 (U feet), in NA. Interfiled with those of the Survey and Statistics Division and of the Reference Library and Publication Division. PRESERVED FOODS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, TOXICITY OF, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Reserach Council.—See TOXIGITI OF PRE- SERVED FOODS ADVISORY COMMITTEE. PRESERVING AND GLEANING FLUIDS BRANCH, Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CLEANING AND PRESERVING MATERIALS SECTION, Equipment Division. PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.--In accordance with the Constitution, the President acts as Chief Executive of the Government and Commander in Chief of the armed forces. During the v/ar period, by virtue of his constitutional powers, he created several new agencies, such as the Committee on Public Information and the Federal Electric Railways Commission. In general, however, Congress passed acts which specifi- cally authorized him to establish administrative agencies to carry out the provisions of these acts. Among the agencies that were cre- ated under statutory authority daring the period were the Food, Fuel, Railroad, and American Relief Administrations, the Exports Council, the Grain Corporation, and the Shipping, Censorship, and War Trade Boards. The establishment of so many new agencies and the tremen- dous expansion of others already in existence naturally caused a need for nroper coordination of effort. Early in 1916 the United States Senate proposed to meet this need and curb the power of the President by creating a strong war cabinet of three members with wide authority to supervise the Government agencies. The President opposed the plan strongly, saying that it "would involve long addi- tional delays and turn our experience into mere lost motion." He then proposed a bill giving his office greatly increased powers, and soon began to call together for weekly conferences at the White House a so-called "War Cabinet," composed of the heads of the six greatest war agencies. The bill, in the words of Senator Overman, who introduced the measure, "was advocated by the President and sent to me by the President ..." It became law on May 20, 1918, by the passing of the Overman Act, which authorized "the President to co- ordinate or consolidate executive bureaus, agencies, and offices, ... in the interest of economy and the more efficient concentration U3U of the Government." It was to remain in force no longer than 6 months after the termination of the war. The President used this "blanket authority" in various ways, such as to reorganize the agencies charged with the air service; to establish the War Indus- tries Board as an agency independent of the Council of National Defense, and later to dissolve it; to place all the law officers of the Government, with certain exceptions, under the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice; to transfer certain functions and officials from the Federal Trade Commission to the Fuel Administra- tion; and to transfer -1120,000 from the appropriation of $1,620,000 for the censorship of foreign mails under the Post Office Department, and allot that amount to the Secretary of War for the censorship of the mails in the Panama Canal Zone (Oct. 3, 1918). After the armi- stice the President headed the American Commission to Negotiate Peace and participated in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Woodrow Wilson, President (1913-21). Functions: As indicated above. Rec- ords: August 19lU-March 1921 (6 feet) in NA. Consist of Executive orders, Nos. 2007-3U16 (k feet), and proclamations, Nos. 1271-1588 (2 feet), (These orders and proclamations are listed numerically under "President of United States" in Superintendent of Documents, Document Catalogue, vols. 12-15.) Wilson's private papers are in the Library of Congress. References: Clarence A. Berdahl, War Powers of the Executive in the United States, passim ([Urbana, 1921]); James M. Leaked "The Conflict Over Coordination," in Ameri- can Political Science Review, 12: 365-380 (Aug. 1918); Henry Ford, "The Growth of Dictatorship," in At]antic Monthly, 121: 632- 6U0 (May 1918); Ray Stannard Baker, Woodrow Wilson; Life and Letters, vols. 5-8 (New York, 1935-39); Ray Stannard Baker, Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement (London, 1922-23). PRESIDENT'S MEDIATION COMMISSION.—Apoointed by the President in a memorandum of September 19, 1917, to the Secretary of Labor. Com- posed of representatives of labor and capital, with the Secretary of Labor serving as Chairman. Felix Frankfurter, Secretary. Proba- bly ceased to function after its last report of January 16, 1918. Functions: To investigate the causes of labor disputes throughout the West and Northwest, especially in the copper mines of Arizona, the oil fields of Southern California, and the lumber regions of the Pacific Northwest; and to make the adjustments required in the settlement of such disturbances. Records; Some of the Commission's papers (2 inches) are among the records of the War Labor Policies Board in NA. Include correspondence and other records relating to the Industrial Workers of the World, to grievances of wartime work- ers, and to labor troubles in the copper, lumber, and ship-loading industries. The whereabouts of its other records is unknown. References: Alexander M. Bing, War-Time Strikes and Their Adjustment, 5U (New York [1921]); Committee on Public Information, Official U. S. Bulletin, September 21, 1917, p. 1; President's Mediation Commission, Report . . . January 9, 1918, in Committee on Public Information, Official U. S. Bulletin, February 11, 1918, p. 9-lU;‘Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Industrial America in the World War, ch. 15 (Boston, 1923). PRESS BUREAU-MAIL SERVICE, FOREIGN, Foreign Section, Public Informa tion Committee.—See FOREIGN PRESS BUREAU-MAIL SERVICE. PRESS DEPARTMENT, Food Administration.—See EDUCATIONAL DIVISION. PRESS SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed in April but never active, as its U3S functions were performed through the Committee on Public Informa- tion. Probably dissolved about August 10, 1917. Functions: To handle newspaper publicity for the Committee. Records; Probably none. PRESS SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelli- gence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. PRESS-WIRELESS AND GABLE SERVICE, FOREIGN, Foreign Section, Committee on Public Information.—See FOREIGN PRESS-WIRELESS AND CABLE SERVICE. PRICE COMMITTEE FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF WHEAT, FAIR.—See FAIR PRICE COMMITTEE FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF WHEAT. PRICE CONTROL COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Adminis- tration, Labor Department.—Authorized by the War Labor Policies Board on July 19, 1916, and probably terminated in September. Also known as the Fixing of Retail Prices Committee. Functions; To con- sider the problem of fixing prices to the consumer on certain funda- mental commodities and possible methods which the War Industries Board might use in fixing such prices. Records: Interfiled with those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of the meeting of the Committee and its report. PRICE FIXING COMMITTEE, War Industries Board.—When the War Industries Board was reorganized by the President on March U, 1918, the deter- mination of prices was delegated to a special committee, to be ap- pointed by the President and to report directly to him, which would function with and yet independently of the Board. The Committee, composed of a Chairman (Robert S. Brookings), the Chairmen of the War Industries Board, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Tariff Commission, the Fuel Administrator, and representatives of the Army, the Navy, labor, and agriculture, held its first meeting on March Hi, 1918. The resignation of the Committee became effective on March 1, 1919. Functions: To advise upon prices of basic materials, with the exception of food; to advise as to general price policies; to advise, when requested, any executive department concerning a specific contract; and to fix the prices to be paid for materials commandeered by the Government. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Included are correspondence of the Chairman, minutes, cir- culars, and other papers. References: Paul W, Garrett and others. History of Prices During the 'War; Government Control Over Prices (Washington, 1920), prepared in the War Trade Board with the coopera- tion of the War Industries Board and issued also as W. I. B. Price Bulletin 3j Hermann Hagedorn, Brookings; a Biography, chs. 12-lU (New York, 1936); Lewis H. "Price Fixing in the United States Iluring the ’War," in Political Science Quarterly, 3ht 10U-126, 262-289, h3h-h33 (Mar.-Sept. 1919); Simon Litman, Prices and Price Control in Great Britain and the United States During~~the World War, 18$-137, 20li-20o, 278-31? (New York, 1920); War Industries Board, Price Fixing Committee, Minutes . . . March Ili-December 30, 1918 {7h Cong., 2 sess. S. Com. Print £. Washington, 1936); Charles 0. Hardy, Wartime Control of Prices, 119-11|0 (Washington, 19U0); George P. Adams, Jr., Wartime Price Control, ch. 6, 7 (Washington, 19U2). PRICE-FIXING SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established by Supply Circular No. 86 of September' 5, 1918, and discontinued in November 1918. Functions; To conduct inquiries on fair prices and U36 departures therefrom; to advise agencies of the Department on these matters; and to represent the Department on the Price fixing Commit' tee of the War Industries Board. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PRICE SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries • Board.—Organized on April 2U, 1913, as the Price Statistics Sec- tion, with Wesley C. Mitchell as Chief, under authorization from Edwin F. Gay, then Director of the Division of Planning and Statis- tics of the Shipping Board. On June 17, 1913, soon after it had begun to function, it was transferred to the Division of Planning and Statistics of the .Van Industries Board as the Price Section. On January 1, 1919, it was transferred to the War Trade Board. Functions: To make studies of wartime price movements. The Sec- tion worked in close cooperation with the Price Fixing Committee and prepared many reports for it. After the armistice a compre- hensive history of prices during the entire period of the World War was undertaken in order to assist in planning policies for post-war reconstruction; before its completion this work was transferred to the War Trade Board. Records: Among those of the War Trade Board in the State Department^ PRICE SECTION, RETAIL, State Organizations Bureau, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.—See STATE ORGANIZATIONS BUREAU. PRICE STATISTICS SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War In- dustries Board.—See PRICE SECTION. PRICE SUPERVISION SECTION, Enforcement Division, Food Administration.' Established in August 1913 to handle work formerly performed by the Statistical, the Distribution, and the Wholesale and Retail Divi- sions . In November 1918 this work was transferred to the Distribu- tion Division. Functions; To control the unlicensed retailers through a system'of ascertaining and giving publicity to fair sell- ing prices. The Section ascertained the cost price to wholesalers of licensed commodities at principal distributing centers; fixed their margins of profits, thus determining at the same time retail- ers' costs; and cooperated with the State Food Administrations and Fair Price Committees in endeavoring to enforce fair prices. Rec- ords ; 1918 (3 feet) in NA, Correspondence, schedules of freight rates for food, and replies to questionnaires concerning market conditions and food prices. References; William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919, 222- 225 (Stanford University, 19U1). PRICES AND LICENSES BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Es- tablished on May 2, 1918, taking over part of its functions from the Engineering Bureau. Ended on March 1, 1919. Functions: To stabilize prices; to develop fair and uniform business practices; and to issue licenses to manufacturers and distributors. Unlike the case in regard to coal, the Administration had no authority to fix maximum prices for oil, and it was necessary to work through the voluntary cooperation of oil producers, refiners, and distribu- tors. Records; In NA. Those filed separately from the central files include correspondence, reports, contracts, applications, record cards, and indexes (6 feet). PRICES BUREAU, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.—Estab- lished in June 1918, to perform functions carried on since the previous November under the direction of H. D. Nims, assistant to 1*37 the Fuel Administrator in charge of production, operators' prices, and legal matters. Discontinued on March 1, 1919. Functions: To recommend the prices to be charged for coal and coke by operators, jobbers, and retailers. These recommendations were based on pro- duction costs determined by the Engineer Committee. Records: 1917-19 (2h feet) in NA. Correspondence, memoranda, and reports. PRIMARY EXAMINER'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Patent Office, Interior Depart- ment.—Organized in April 1917 by the Commissioner of Patents. Probably ceased to function at the end of the war. Functions; To determine which patents were significant for the work ot the various governmental war agencies and, in accordance with an act of October 6, 1917, to censor the publication of information about patents used in war activities. Cooperated with the Federal Trade Commission, the Alien Property Custodian, and the War, Navy, and Treasury De- partments. Records; Destroyed, PRIME MINISTERS INTERALLIED CONFERENCE.—See INTERALLIED CONFERENCE OF PRIME MINISTERS. PRIME MOVERS AND ACCESSORIES SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. PRIME MOVERS SECTION, Engineering Division, National Research Coun- cil.—Organized in 1918 under the chairmanship of Lionel S. Marks. Functions: To study problems connected with engines for aircraft. Among these were the development of lighter motors per horsepower, carburetors to maintain engine efficiency at all altitudes, and increased power at high altitudes. Records: In the National Re- search Council. PRIORITIES AND CLEARANCE BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Or- ganized shortly before the armistice from the former Priorities and Clearances Section of the Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster General's Office, which was transferred on October 26, 1916, to the General Supplies Division. In the divisional reorganization of December 31, 1918, this Branch was abolished. Functions: To obtain priorities from the War Industries Board for the supply of raw mate- rials required for the manufacture of products placed on order by the Division; and to obtain clearances from the Board for purchases by the Division. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. PRIORITIES BOARD, Priorities Division, War Industries Board.—Formed on March 17, 1918, to determine priorities of delivery, which had formerly been determined by the Priorities Committee. The Board ceased to function on December 31, 1918. Functions: As indicated above. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. PRIORITIES COMMITTEE, Freight Traffic Branch, Rail Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department See FREIGHT TRAFFIC BRANCH. PRIORITIES COMMITTEE, Priorities Division, War Industries Board.— Formed about March 17, 1918, to determine priorities of production. 1*38 These, together with priorities of delivery, had formerly been han- dled by a committee of the same name that preceded the Priorities Division. The new Priorities Committee ceased to function about December 31, 1918. Functions; As indicated above, Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Included is the report of the Com- mittee, November 1918, with supporting papers, and materials relat- ing to the organization, functions, regulations, and publications of the Committee. PRIORITIES DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Established as the Priori- ties Subcommittee of the General Munitions Board, Council of Nation- al Defense, under resolutions of the Council of May 3 and May lU, 1917. With the creation of the War Industries Board in July 1917, it became the Priorities Committee of the Board. Robert S. Lovett was appointed Chairman, and its activities were expanded and its authority increased. In March 1918 it was reorganized to form the Priorities Division, with two main subdivisions, a Priorities Board in charge of priorities of delivery and a new Priorities Committee in charge of priorities of production. It included a Mon-War Con- struction Section and a Labor Priorities Section. The Division was discontinued after the armistice. Functions: To assure the "selec- tive mobilization of the products of the soil, the mines, and the factories for direct and indirect war needs." A "preference list," which classified industries and plants, was established. At first the activities of the original Committee were concerned with the distribution of iron and steel, but they were soon extended to other commodities. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Included are copies of priority certificates, with related papers (306 feet); correspondence and permit papers relating to nonwar construction (18 feet); reports of plant operations; copies of circulars and bulletins; and materials relating to the history and organization of the Division and the Committee. Other records are in the "con- solidated files" of the Board. PRIORITIES SECTION, External Relations Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No. 86 of September £, 1918, and terminated in No- vember 1918. Functions; To decide matters of priorities among agencies of the Department; to obtain priorities for the Department from the War Industries Board; and to represent the Department on the Priorities Committee of the Board. Records: Whereabouts -unknown PRIORITIES SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Apparently organized for the duration of the war. Functions; To represent the Bureau in its relations with the War Industries Board in the matters of procurement and priorities. Records; In the Navy Department. PRIORITIES SUBCOMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of Nation- al Defense.—See PRIORITIES DIVISION, War Industries Board. PRIORITY BRANCH, Motors Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Established on November 1, 1918, and still in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To be responsible for priorities required for the prompt and complete dispatch of trucks and motor cars for overseas forces. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. U39 PRIORITY CLEARANCE BRANCH, Administrative Subdivision, Overseas Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918. In exist- ence when the Division was abolished on February 1, 1919. Func- tions; To be responsible for obtaining from commodity units priority lists showing the quantities of items to be sent overseas, for recording these, and for transmitting them to the Chief of Port Operations. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. PRIORITY COMMITTEE, ORDNANCE, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See ORDNANCE SPECIAL SERVICE COMMITTEE. PRIORITY EQUIPMENT SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on May 13 and terminated on November 6, 1919, when the Division was reorganized. Functions: To supervise and maintain stocks at ports, and to supply troops leaving or returning through ports of embarkation. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster •General's Office in NA. PRIORITY SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Created during the war. Functions: To brief all contracts calling for material wherein the supply was limited. The brief or abstract was then forwarded to the War Industries Board for the issuance of a priority certificate that would enable the contractor to obtain certain necessary materials or machinery. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. PRIORITY SECTION, Supply Division, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy De- partment .—See SUPPLY DIVISION. PRIORITY SECTION, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL WASTE RECLAMATION SECTION, WAR, Labor Divi- sion, War Industries Board,—See WAR PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL WASTE RECLAMATION SECTION. PRISONERS OF WAR SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, TRANSFER AND, Shipping Board.—See TRANSFER AND PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION DIVISION. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE BRANCH, Requirements Division, Housing Corpora- tion.—Organized in September 1918 and abolished in 1919. Func- tions: To investigate private applications for Federal licenses to construct houses for war workers and to make final recommen- dations to the Non-War Construction Section of the Priorities .Division of the War Industries Board as to the granting of such licenses. Records: 1918-19 (2 feet) in NA. Include applications for approval of private building enterprises and correspondence. Interfiled with other records of the Requirements Division. Wo PROCUREMENT BRANCH, MATERIALS, Construction Division, Housing Corpo- ration.—See MATERIALS PROCUREMENT BRANCH. PROCUREMENT DIVISION, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Department.— Created on May 20, 1918, assuming duties formerly performed by the Purchase and Supply Depots Branch, Equipment Division, Office of the Chief Signal Officer. Functioned through the Contract, Execu- tive, Purchasing, and Storage and Traffic Departments. Functions: To supervise the purchase of materiel and accessories for aircraft and the storage and transportation of materiel. Records: In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department. PROCUREMENT DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.— Originally the Engineering Division, one of three divisions of the Office. Became the Finance and Supply Division on June 2, 1917, which was reorganized on October 1 as the Equipment Division. Elec- trical engineering work was transferred to the Land Division in February 1918 and in July was assigned to a new Engineering and Research Division. On September 7, 1918, the remaining functions of the Equipment Division were taken over by the newly organized Procurement Division. Functioned through the following Sections: Inspection, Production, Purchase, Board of Review, and Salvage and Termination. Functions; To purchase and contract for material upon requisition from the Supply Division; to stimulate and aid production; to inspect and accept material; and to approve invoices for payment. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. PROCUREMENT DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Estab- lished by Office Order No. lOU on January lit, 1918, by the consoli- dation of the purchasing functions of the following Divisions: Gun, Carriage, Equipment, and Small Arms. Included the following Sections Artillery, Contract, Credits, Equipment, Explosives, Fuze, General Control, Legal, Loading, Miscellaneous, Motor Equipment, Packing Container, Projectile, Raw Materials, Small Arms, and Trench War- fare. Abolished on January 31, 1919, in accordance with Office Order No. U95. Functions; To handle matters relating to the placing of orders for ordnance stores and supplies and for their repair and alteration with private manufacturers and arsenals, in accordance with specifications and drawings prepared by the Engineering Bureau and schedules and lists of manufacturing plants prepared by the Con- trol Bureau; to execute contracts; to examine prospective orders and contracts to determine whether existing facilities for manufacture were sufficient or whether new facilities would have to be created; to maintain close contact with the War Industries Board, which was gathering information along these same lines; and to make estimates of costs and the necessary reservations of funds and allotments. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PROCUREMENT OF LABOR BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Probably created in August 1918 to take over certain functions from the Employment, Management, and Working Conditions Branch, which was reorganized as the Employment and Training Methods Branch. Functions; To see that the labor needs of the industries represented by each of the sections of the Ordnance Chief's Office concerned with production were met; to furnish necessary information concerning labor supply and to dis- tribute available labor among ordnance industries; and to handle matters concerning "stealing" of labor through advertising and over- bidding. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. ua PROCUREMENT ORDER BRANCH, Contract Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established early in 1918. Functions: To draft procurement orders. Records: Proba- bly with those of the Office in NA. PROCUREMENT SECTION, Maintenance and Repair Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—Probably created before the declaration of war as a Section of the Construction and Repair Division, Quar- termaster General's Office. This Division became the Maintenance and Repair Branch of the Cantonment Division on October 10, 1917, and on March 13, 1918, was transferred to the Construction Division of the Department. Functions: To handle the procurement of sup- plies for maintenance and repair work of the Division. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. PROCUREMENT SECTION, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War De- partment.—Created on May 2h, 1917, in the Materials and Transporta- tion Branch, Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred to the Materials Branch, Construction Division, on the establishment of that Division on March 13, 1918. Functioned through the following Departments: Building Materials, Steel, Steam Heating, Electrical Equipment, Plumbing Supplies, Water Supply, Mechanical Equipment, Stove and Special Equipment, Fire Protection, Hardware, and Paints and Refrigeration. Functions; To control the procure- ment and mobilization of building materials of all kinds, including sand, gravel, cement, and steelj plumbing, lighting, power, heating, and cooking fixtures and equipment; and other articles or materials necessary for use- in construction work or incident thereto. Rec- ords: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. PROCUREMENT SECTION, Purchases Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on June 13, 1918, as a unit of the Central Advisory Pur- chasing Committee of the Finance and Purchases Division. On March 1$, 1919, the Section became a part of the Purchases Division. Probably discontinued with the Division on April 1, 1920. Func- tions ; To facilitate delivery of equipment ordered by the Rail- road Administration and to pass on applications from railroads and related industries for priority ratings. Records: Probably destroyed with these of the Division in 193U. PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Committee on Public Informa- tion.—An outgrowth of the Distribution Division, which was organ- ized in June 1917 and was for a time a Branch of the Division of Business Management. Offices in Washington and New York. Dis- continued on December 15, 1918. Henry Atwater, Director. Also known as the Publications and Distribution Division. Functions ; To print and distribute publications issued by the Committee on Public Information and certain other Government agencies. Cooper- ated in particular with the Division of Civic and Educational Cooperation. Records: 1917-.19 (1 foot) in NA. Include corre- spondence and records of the distribution of publications. Among records disposed of as useless papers in 1928 were "requisitions for distribution of pamphlets, etc." PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.-—Created on January 26, 1918, as the Inspection Branch of the Supplies and Equipment Di-vision. On April 16, 1918, its title was changed to Production and Inspection Branch. On May 18, 1918, it came under the juris- diction of the newly formed Clothing and Equipage Division. Uii2 Abolished on June lii, 1918. Functions: To standardize inspection methods in the operating branches of the Division. Records: Proba- bly among those of the Office in NA. PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Or- ganized on July 17, 1918, in the Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster General's Office, and transferred on October 28, 1918, to the General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office. Dis- continued prior to June 30, 1919. Functions; Responsible for the inspection of general supplies, the supervision of production prog- ress and the following up of the transportation of products to points of destination. Records; Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General's Office in NA. PRODUCTION BRANCH, Cannon Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Established in 1917; transferred on October 27, 1917, to the Production Engineering Branch, Production Section, Gun Division. Functions: To superintend and aid the production of field and seacoast cannon and their accessories. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PRODUCTION BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No. 86 of September 5, 1918, and ceased to function on December 11, 1918. Operated through three Sections: Administration, Methods, and Progress. Functions; To supervise production matters in Army supply activities, and to devise measures for expediting produc- tion. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PRODUCTION BUREAU, Administrative Division, Fuel Administration.— Created on June 7, 1918, to perform functions carried on since the previous November under the direction of H. D. Nims, assistant to the Fuel Administrator in charge of production, operators' prices, and legal matters. Assisted by the National Production Committee, a committee of eight men appointed by the Director to aid in the formulation and carrying out of policies designed to increase pro- duction. The country was divided into 28 production districts, aside from an anthracite region, each headed by a production manager, and some 5>000 mine committees were responsible to the production managers. Ended in June 1919. James B. Neale, Director. Functions; To maintain adequate and regular freight car supply, working in close cooperation with the Railroad Administration; to maintain labor sup- ply; and to increase the efficiency of workers, management, and mining operations. As an example of the activities of the Bureau, "it was undertaken, wherever possible, to arrange for the cancella- tion of fairs, picnics, carnivals, and other celebrations scheduled for mining districts" that would draw miners from their work, "cou- pled with a general recommendation of innocent relaxation on Sundays." Extensive propaganda and education campaigns were carried on among the miners, "much of it in as many as nine languages." Records: 1917-19 (E>6 feet) in NA. Correspondence, memoranda, reports, com- mittee lists, notebooks, forms, and pledge cards, including records of the National Production Committee and the production managers. PRODUCTION BUREAU, Housing Section, Passenger Transportation and Housing Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Established about May 7, 1918. Operated 1*1*3 through three Branches: Design, Construction, and Engineering. Appears to have been abolished on July 1, 1920. Functions; To supervise the designing and construction of houses and”the improve- ment of project sites. Records: 1918-20 (29 feet) in NA. Include statements submitted by contractors wishing to bid on projects, building contracts, blueprints, and construction progress records. PRODUCTION BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Created concur- rently with the Oil Division on January 10, 1916. Headquarters in New fork City. Terminated with the resignation of its head, effec- tive on January 1, 1919. Functions: To increase the production of oil through cooperation with the industry as a whole. Records: 1918 (6 inches) in NA. Include general correspondence and" tabula- tions concerning the production and consumption of petroleum. PRODUCTION COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—See OBSERVATION COMMITTEE. PRODUCTION COMMITTEE, War Industries Board.—Created on September 20, 1917, and took over the functions of the Army and Navy Artillery- Sub comirdt tee, the Cooperative Committee on Cars, and the Coopera- tive Committee on Locomotives. When the War Industries Board was separated from the Council of National Defense on May 26, 1918, the personnel and most of the duties of the Production Committee were absorbed by the newly created Advisory Committee on Plants and Munitions. Functions; To represent the War Industries Board in the distribution and placing of orders and to assist the War and Navy Departments in promoting the production of guns and forgings by preventing conflicts in requirements and by aiding in the cre- ation of new facilities and the utilization of maximum plant ca- pacity. The Committee also assisted in providing plans for the standardization of locomotives and freight cars for the use of the Government in the United States and France. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. PRODUCTION DIVISION, Aircraft Production Bureau, War Department.— Created on May 20, 1918, to take over functions of the Production Department, Equipment Division, Office of the Chief Signal Officer. In "November 1918 the Division was divided into eleven Departments, as follows; Accessories, Armament, Balloons, Control, Engines, Executive, Expediting, Industrial Relations, Inspection, Planes, and Raw Materials. Functions; To supervise the production and inspection of aircraft, including materiel and parts, and the se- lection of sources of supply. Records: In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department. PRODUCTION DIVISION, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—Established in March 1918 and consolidated with the Contract Division in December 1919. Functions; To assemble data concerning the needs of the Bureau for materials and to uncover new sources for the supply of such materials when normal sources were inadequate; to obtain priorities and arrange allocations of materials for manu- facturers of naval equipment; to collect information concerning ship- building facilities; and to prepare production charts and reports. Records: In NA among the general files of the Bureau. PRODUCTION DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Established about January 1, 1918, as the successor to the Production Department of the Purchasing Division. Abolished on June 10, 1918, and its duties were then performed by hkh the Purchasing and Production Section of the Supply Division. Functions: To exercise general supervision over the production of all shipbuilding materials purchased by the Corporation either for itself or for its contractors. Records: In NA, interfiled with those of the Division's successors, namely, the Supply Divi- sion and the Supply and Sales Division. PRODUCTION DIVISION, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,— Existed by June 21, 1918. Operated through nine Sections, as fol- lows: Electrical, Railway, Steel Products, Unit Equipment, Lumber, Miscellaneous Equipment and Supplies, Inspection, Transportation, and Increased Production. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, October 22, 1913, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Mate- rials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions: To be responsible for expediting production and. delivery; for as- sisting in obtaining material needed in production; for making preliminary and final inspections; and for accepting the material on behalf of the United States and shipping it on Government bill of lading or by other means. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PRODUCTION DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Estab- lished on January lU, 1918, by the consolidation of the Production Sections of the Gun and Small Arms Divisions. Functioned through the following Sections: Administration, Ammunition, Cannon, Car- riage, Equipment, Explosives, Fuel and Power, Industrial Service, Loading, Miscellaneous, Plant, Small Arms, Technical, Transporta- tion, Trench Warfare, and Truck. Abolished on October 23, 1918. Functions: To follow up, supervise, and regulate production, that is, to recommend sources of materials prior to purchase; to deter- mine the tool hours necessary to do a given piece of work; to esti- mate the capacity of plants; to increase the capacity of plants when necessary; to arrange to have as many men as possible working on drawings, patterns, lists of materials, and orders for materials; to see that plants were operated on as efficient a basis as possi- ble; and to see that the production of the component parts of ar- tillery vrere coordinated so that they might be assembled at the right time. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PRODUCTION ENGINEERING BRANCH, Production Section, Gun Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on October 1, 1917, and on October 27 absorbed the Production Branch, Cannon Section. Transferred to the Production Division by General Division Order No. 56, dated January 17, 1918. Functions: To have charge of matters relating to production after the contracts were let, ex- cepting such matters as were under the jurisdiction of the Inspec- tion Section. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, PRODUCTION ENGINEERING SECTION, Engineering and Education Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION COMMITTEE. PRODUCTION, ORGANIZATION, MANUFACTURE, AND STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—Sec INDUSTRIAL PREPARED- NESS COMMITTEE. PRODUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE, Agriculture Department.—See FOOD PRO- DUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE. PRODUCTION SECTION, Aeronautics Division, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—Established on June 1, 1917; functions transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics in 1921. Functions; To have charge of the production, inspection, and shipment of material. Records: With the records of the Aeronautics Bureau in NA. PRODUCTION SECTION, Carriage "Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CARRIAGE AND BATTERY VEHICLES BRANCH, Cannon Sec- tion, Production Division. PRODUCTION SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established on September 7, 1917, by Gun Division Order No. U. Operated through the following Branches: Advisory, Cleri- cal, Control, Field Work, Machinery and Materials, Manufacturing Survey, Production Engineering, Records and Statistics, and Sched- ules, Dissolved by Office Order No. 10U on January lU, 1918, when its functions were consolidated with those of the Production Section, Small Arms Division, to form the Production Division. Functions; To be responsible for matters concerning the ability of plants to manufacture materiel and the actual manufacture of the materiel. This involved collecting data in regard to the suitability of such plants and furnishing the Purchase Section with lists of manufac- turers capable of producing the materiel required; following up the movements of manufacturers with regard to the character of their equipment, supplies, and labor, as they affected the perform- ance of contracts; and keeping the supply of materiel and compo- nents properly balanced as between the various assembling plants and prime contractors. The facilities of the Inspection Section were used as far as possible in the collection of manufacturing engineering data and reports on manufacturers. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PRODUCTION SECTION, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Of- fice, War Department.—Established on September 7, 1918. Functioned through the following Branches: Miscellaneous Equipment, Telephone and Telegraph, Radio Equipment, Tire Construction Materials, Photog- raphy and Field Glasses, and Wire and Cable. Functions; To maintain production data, prepare bills of material, render plant service, and follow up production on all orders and contracts for Signal Corps material and supplies. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PRODUCTION SECTION, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about April 20 and discontinued on September 5, 1918. Functions; To pro- vide for the fulfillment of promised deliveries of products in ac- cordance with approved schedules. Records; Whereabouts unknown. PRODUCTION SECTION, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about April 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1919. Functions; To keep data on the production potentialities of the United States, to act as a consulting production agency for the Department, and to exer- cise supervision over production methods employed in Army supply activities. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PRODUCTION SECTION, Small Arras Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized in June 1917. On January XU, 1918, its functions were consolidated with those of the Production Section, hh6 Gun Division, to fora the Production Division. It again became a part of the Small Arms Division upon the reestablishment of that Division by Office Order No. U95, effective February 1, 1919. Functions: To design, develop, and maintain progress charts show- ing production at each plant and to take action necessary to stimu- late production; to develop new sources of manufacturinrr; and to investigate the machine equipment and capacities, organization, personnel, labor, supply, financial conditions, and output of pri- vate plants and arsenals. Records: Probably with those of the Office in HA. PRODUCTION SECTION, Statistics Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See STATISTICS BUREAU. PRODUCTION SECTION, Supply Division, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—See SUPPLY DIVISION. PRODUCTION STIMULATION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See STIMULATION OF PRODUCTION COMMITTEE. PROFESSIONAL AND SPECIAL SECTION, Employment Service, Labor Depart- ment.—Created after the armistice and terminated late in 1919. Functions: To place such persons as teachers, lawyers, engineers, and executives. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PROFESSIONAL DIVISION, TEACHERS' AND, Employment Service, Labor Depart- ment.—See ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION DIVISION. PROGRAM COMMITTEE, Agriculture Department.—See FOOD PRODUCTION PRO- GRAM COMMITTEE. PROGRESS REPORT SECTION, Statistics and Requirements Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See STATISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS BRANCH. PROGRESS SECTION, Estimates and Requirements Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on December 10, 1917. Became a Section of the Control Bureau on January lU and was trans- ferred to the Estimates and Requirements Division on May 2£, 1913. Included the following Branches: Audit, Cablegram, Office Manage- ment, Order of Work, Progress, Records, and Special Reports. On December 10, 1918, it was taken over by the Administration Division. Functions: To analyze statistics prepared by the Statistical Sec- tion and to obtain information from the other divisions of the Of- fice as to progress in the procurement, production, inspection, and supplying of ordnance material; to prepare statistical and written reports on progress; and to initiate action to correct un- satisfactory conditions. Records: Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA. PROJECT ESTIMATING BRANCH, Credits Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in the latter part of 1918. Functions: To estimate the amount of money neces- sary to complete each project and to advise the Finance Section, Administration Division, to set aside the necessary sums. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. hhl PROJECT SECTION, Estimates and Requirements Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created as a Section of the Control Bureau on January lli, transferred to the Estimates and Requirements Divi- sion on May 25, and discontinued on December 10, 1918, Functionst To plan, direct, and execute operations in connection with approved procurement projects; to assemble and transmit to operating divi- sions material on completed and approved projects; and to maintain records of purchases. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PROJECTILE AND TRENCH WARFARE SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WAR- FARE BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, PROJECTILE BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on September 20, 1917. Trans- ferred to the Procurement Division as its Projectile Section by Gun Division Order No. 57 of January 13, 1918. Functions; To han- dle business negotiations connected with the purchase of projectiles, complete with all components and explosive charges, from the forging to the finished, assembled, loaded, and packed article. This func- tion did not include the purchase of raw materials for any of the articles, explosives used in the loading of the shells, or packing boxes. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PROJECTILE GROUP, Artillery Ammuni tion and Trench Warfare Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH. PROJECTILE PLANT SECTION, ARMOR AND, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.—See ARMOR AND PROJECTILE PLANT SECTION. PROJECTILE SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established as the Projectile Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Division, and transferred to the Procurement Division as a Section on January 13, 1918. Absorbed the Fuze Section of the Division on February 13, 1918. Operated through the following Branches: Components, Fuze and Cartridge Case, Machinery, Office Management, and Steel and Forging. Functions; To handle business negotiations connected with the purchase of artillery ammunition projectiles, except explosives; to negotiate for the purchase of proof shot and of proof materials for artillery ammunition; to han- dle the purchase of complete fuzes, primers, and cartridge cases of all kinds, but not of the raw materials used in their manufacture, packing containers, or explosives. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. PROJECTILE SECTION, ARMOR AND, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—See ARMOR AND PROJECTILE SECTION. PROJECTILE STEEL SECTION, Steel Division, War Industries Board.— Created on June 1, 1918. May also have been known as the Projectile Steel, Rails, Alloy Steel, and Cold Drawn Steel Section. Discon- tinued after the armistice. Functions; To control the allocation of shell steel, rail, and cold-drawn steel. Records: In NA. In- clude general correspondence, correspondence concerning allocations, and miscellaneous papers, 1917-18 (10 feet). Other records are probably in the 11 consolidated files" of the Board. UU6 PROOF GROUP, Artillery Ammunition and Trench Warfare Branch, Executive Section, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH. PROPAGANDA SUBSECTION, Foreign Influence [and] Enemy Propaganda Sec- tion, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See FOREIGN INFLUENCE, ENEMY PROPAGANDA SECTION. PROPAGANDA SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelli- gence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. PROPERTY AND FINANCE DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See FINANCE DIVISION. PROPERTY BUREAU, Housing Section, Passenger Transportation and Hous- ing Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established about May 7, 1913. Abolished on July 1, 1920, when it was succeeded by the Manager's Department of the Transportation and Housing Operations Division. Functions: Tb acquire the material and property necessary for the construction of houses; to manage the completed houses; and to sell the houses. Records; 1918-22 (136 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, notes, memoranda, and reports relating to the acquisition of property rights for housing projects, requisitioned houses, wage rates and labor costs on housing projects, rents and the collection of rentals, the sale of houses, and the management of cafeterias, dormitories, and housing projects; records of rent payments; leases; title papers; mortgages; and sale contracts. PROPERTY INVENTORY AND CUSTODY SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL SECTION, Supply and Sales Divi- sion. PROPERTY MOVEMENTS BRANCH, Inland Traffic Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Probably cre- ated in January 1918, When the Inland Traffic Service was merged with the Embarkation Service on March 11, 1919, to form the Trans- portation Service, this Branch was essentially continued by the Freight Traffic Branch of the Rail Transportation Division, Trans- portation Service Chief's Office. Functions: To keep records of the flow of Government freight by railroad, and to regulate the arrival of freight at points of embarkation. Records: In the Quar- termaster General's Office, Services of Supply j War Department, PROPERTY PROTECTION SECTION, CLAIMS AND, Law Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—See CLAIMS AND PROPERTY PROTECTION SECTION. PROTECTION AND INVESTIGATION SECTION, Constructing Branch, Construc- tion Division, War Department.—Probably established with the cre- ation of the Constructing Branch in the Cantonment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, on May 2U, 1917. Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division upon its establishment on March 13, 1918. Functions: To supervise investigation and pro- tection work in connection with Army construction projects. Rec- ords: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. PROTECTION OF RAILROAD PROPERTY SECTION, Law Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—Created on March 26, 1918. Functions taken over by the Claims and Property Protection Section of the Law Division on September 1, 1913. Functions: To enforce Federal laws against theft i*rom cars, stations, sidings, and wharves and to take neces- sary measures, in cooperation with the carriers, to prevent such losses. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PROTECTIVE BODY ARMOR COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.--See HELMETS AND BODY ARMOR COMMITTEE. PROTECTIVE WORK FOR GIRLS DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commis- sion, Navy Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, PROTEIN METABOLISM IN ANIMAL FEEDING COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, National Research Coun- cil.—Appointed in 1917 with H. P. Armsby as Chairman. Functions; To conduct a study with reference to protein metabolism. The procedure for this study consisted in feeding "beef or dairy calves . , , upon two different planes 'of protein intake but with equal net energy supply." Emphasis was laid "upon the quality of the protein consumed, the influence of accessory substances and the variation in the ash of the rations." Records; Presumably in the National Research Council. PROVING GROUNDS BRANCH, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established early in March 1913. Functioned through the following Groups: Construction, Operating Equipment, Administrative Equipment, Personnel, Property, and Office Management. Functions; To handle the construction, equipment, and operation of Inspection Division proving grounds. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PROVISIONS SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Created for the duration of the war. Functions: To purchase the necessary food supplies for use by the Navy, to cooperate with the Food Administration, and to gather information on available supplies in foreign markets and report on the possi- bility of obtaining them for Navy use. Records; Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL'S OFFICE, War Department.--On May 22, 1917, Brig. Gen. Enoch H. Crowder, the Judge Advocate General, was formally designated Provost Marshal General by General Orders, No. 65, to ad- minister the Selective Service Act of May 18, 1917. The Selective Service System was operated through U,6U8 local and 155 district boards, which were supervised, as directed by the Provost Marshal General, by State or Territorial headquarters in which the State Adjutant General usually represented the Governor. Cooperating with the local and district boards were industrial advisers. Government appeal agents (one or more for each local board), legal and medical advisory boards, and boards of instruction. The first registration under the act was held on June 5, 1917, for men between the ages of 21 and 30, inclusive; a second registration and a supplemental registration were held on June 5 and August 2h, 1918, respectively, for men who had since reached the age of 21; and a third registra- tion was held on September 12, 1918, for men within the new age limits of 18 to U5 provided for by an amendment of August 31, 1918, U50 to the act. On July 15, 1919, the Office was discontinued. Func- tions; To direct the process of selecting men for induction into the military service, from the initial registration to the actual delivering of the men in camp. The functions included the exami- nation of registrants; their classification in groups; the render- ing of decisions in cases involving claims for exemption; the handling of appeals from the rulings of local boards; and the en- training of men for camp. The names of the following Divisions, as they existed at the end of October 1918, indicate the subdivi- sion of functions within the Office; Administration, Aliens, Ap- peals, Auxiliary Agencies and Statistics, Classification, Finance, Information, Inspection and Investigation, Law, Medical, Mobiliza- tion, Publication, and Registration. Actual registration (except the initial registration of June 5, 1917), classification, and selection of the men was by the local boards. The district boards reviewed the decisions of the local boards upon appeal and as courts of first instance heard and determined all questions of ac- cepting or excluding persons engaged in necessary occupations. Each district board was aided by three industrial advisers, one nominated by the Labor Department, one by the Agriculture Depart- ment, and one by the board itself. The Government appeal agents handled the automatic appeals from the decisions of the local boards in all cases of discharge on account of dependency, as well as a va- riety of other matters connected with claims for exemption. The medical advisory boards examined physically those registrants whose cases had been appealed to them by a registrant, an appeal agent, or a local board and judged cases'involving obscure physical defects. Registrants were advised and assisted by the legal advisory boards and were given information and instruction by the boards of instruc- tion preparatory to their arrival in camp. Records; 1917-19 (3,695 feet) in NA, Include records relating to aliens, appeals, deserters, quotas, accounts, board personnel and administration, and other matters under the supervision of the Office; correspondence and other papers of State headquarters, district boards, and medi- cal advisory boards; and docket books and classification lists of local boards. These consist of all extant records of the Selective Service System except "cover sheets" of inducted men, which are in the War Department. Records of noninducted registrants (some 90,000 cubic feet) and miscellaneous records of the local boards have been destroyed as useless papers. References; Provost Marshal General’s Office, Report ... on the First firaft . . . 1917 (Washington, 1918), Second Report . . . to December 20, 1918 (Washington, 1919), and Final Report ... to July 15, 1919 (Washington, 1920). PSYCHIATRY COMMITTEE, NEUROLOGY AND, Medicine and Related Sciences Di- vision, National Research Council.—See NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY COMMITTEE. PSYCHIATRY DIVISION, NEUROLOGY AND, Surgeon General’s Office, War De- partment.—See NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY DIVISION. PSYCHOLOGY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in April 1917 and functioned independ- ently under the chairmanship of Robert M, Yerkes until in March 1918 it was made a part of the Medicine and Related Sciences Division, At the time of the armistice the following Subcommittees were active; Problems of Aviation, Edward L. Thorndike, Chairman; Problems of Re- education, Shepherd I. Franz, Chairman; Visual Problems, Raymond Dodge, Chairman; Psychological and Pedagogical Aspects of Military U51 Training and Discipline, W. C. Bagley, Chairman; Emotional Fitness for Warfare, R. S. Woodworth, Chairman; Acoustic Problems of Mili- tary Importance, C. E, Seashore, Chairman; and Adaptation of Psycho- logical Instruction to Military Educational Needs, Raymond Dodge, Chairman. On October 20, 1919, psychological activities of the Council were placed on a peacetime basis with the organization of the new Psychology and Anthropology Division, Functions; Working chiefly through subcommittees and military appointees in the Array and Navy, the Committee performed psychological services, which touched upon or modified many aspects of military personnel work. It devised tests for mental alertness that facilitated the elimina- tion of mental defectives and other unsuitable types from the Army and the selection of recruits especially suited to aviation or use as observers and scouts. This work resulted in the organization of the Psychology Division in the Surgeon General's Office under Major Yerkes for the purpose of applying psychological tests to all new recruits for the Army. Although the Navy did not utilize the sys- tem of mental tests employed by the Army, it received the Committee's assistance in connection with rating, classifying, and assigning men according to their mental capacity and in selecting suitable lookouts for merchantmen, men for assignment to gunfire squads, or men for training as "listeners." Records: In the National Research Council. PSYCHOLOGY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Or- ganized in September 1917 as a Section of the Neurology and Psy- chiatry Division. Became a Division on January 19, 1918, and in November a Section of the Medicine Division. On September 9, 1919, it was transferred to the Hospital Division. Functions: To provide an immediate and reasonably dependable classification of recruits according to general intelligence, and to train and supply the mili- tary service with psychological examiners. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Existed in this Office from 1867 to 1920. On the latter date its functions were transferred to a newly created inde- pendent establishment, the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, Functions: To construct, care for, maintain, improve, and police public buildings, grounds, parks, monuments, and memorials in the District of Columbia. These func- tions were broadened during the period 1917-20, owing to the expan- sion of Government agencies, and responsibility was assumed for the erection of temporary office buildings for the War and Navy Depart- ments. The agency also cooperated with the Housing Corporation in providing emergency housing facilities for Government employees. Records: 1918-20 (8 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, drawings,maps, blueprints and other plans, and photographs relating to functions described above. A large quantity of records covering the period 1907-21 has been destroyed by Congressional authority. References: Public Buildings and Grounds Office, Reports, 1917-20, PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION SECTION, Public Health Service, Treasury De- partment,—Organized on April 7, 1919. Incorporated during the fiscal year 1922 in the Sanitary Reports and Statistics Division. Functions; Stemming from the appeals for authoritative information during the influenza epidemic, the Section was designed as a nation- al center or clearinghouse on the subject of public health education. Records: Records concerning public health education are among those of theService in NA. h$2 PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUBCOMMITTEE, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medical Board, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.--Organized before June 30, 1917. Functions: In coopera- tion with the National Organization for Public Health Nursing, it submitted a plan to manufacturers’ associations and trade organi- zations that increased the number of public health and industrial nurses to meet war industry needs and to conform with the aims of "The Children’s Year" program of the Children’s Bureau, Labor Department. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Treasury Department.—Originated as the Marine- Hospital Service, which in 1902 became the Public Health and Marine- Hospital Service. The name was changed to Public Health Service in 1912, Executive Order No, 2571 of April 3, 1917, directed that "hereafter in times of threatened or actual war, the Public Health Service shall constitute a part of the military forces of the United States." During the war it included the following Divisions: Domes- tic (Interstate) Quarantine; Foreign and Insular (Maritime) Quarantine and Immigration; Marine Hospitals and Relief; Sanitary Reports and Statistics; Scientific Research; and Venereal Diseases. There was also a Public Health Education Section, Rupert Blue was Surgeon General during the war. Functions; To administer Federal civil public health activities, including the enforcement of quarantine laws and regulations, the promotion of public health education, the study and prevention of communicable and epidemic diseases, and the provision of medical examination and treatment for specified groups, among them beneficiaries under acts administered by the Federal Board for Vocational Education and the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, This last function, insofar as it affected veterans of the war, was delegated to the Veterans' Bureau after its creation by an act of August 9, 1921. Records: 1917-23 (220 feet) in NA, Include records of investigations of the causes, treatment, and control of diseases, including influenza, malaria, and venereal diseases; consular sani- tary reports; records relating to measures to protect the health of passengers in interstate traffic; reports of morbidity statistics; records pertaining to sewage disposal, stream pollution, and rural sanitation; records concerning public health education; records of inspections and reports of quarantine stations; records of in- spections and investigations and reports of marine hospitals and relief stations; and letter press copies of all outgoing correspond- ence. Case files and other records relating primarily to the medi- cal examination and treatment of war veterans were transferred to the Veterans’ Bureau and are now in the Veterans' Administration, From time to time many routine records of the war period have been disposed of as useless papers. References: Public Health Service, Annual Reports, 1917-20; Benjamin S. Warren and Charles D. Bolduan, "War Activities of the Public Health Service," in Public Health Serv- ice, Public Health Reports, 3h: 12U3-1267 (June 6, 1919), and also issuecf as Public Health Service Reprint 531; Laurence F, Schmecke- bier. The Public Health Service (Baltimore, 1923); James A. Tobey,* The National Government and Public Health, 75-181 (Baltimore, 1926). PUBLIC INFORMATION, COMMITTEE ON.—See COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMA- TION. PUBLIC INFORMATION DIVISION, Food Administration.—See EDUCATIONAL DIVISION. US3 PUBLIC ROADS BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—Originated in the Office of Roads Inquiry, established in 1893. Title changed to Office of Public Roads in 1903, to Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineer- ing in 1915, and to Bureau of Public Roads in 1918. The Bureau later became the Public Roads Administration, Public Works Agency. Functions: During the "war the- Bureau assisted the Construction Divisionof the Army in planning and constructing roads in various camps and cantonments; in connection with the administration of the Federal Aid Road Act, constructed public roads of economic and mili- tary importance in cooperation with State highway commissions; in cooperation with the Geological Survey and the Engineer Corps, pre- pared highway maps for use in connection with military activities, particularly for the use of the Motor Transport Corps; cooperated with the Concrete Ship Division of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation in the design of concrete ships and in testing the use of concrete in ship construction; and constructed apparatus for use in determining the power of high explosives for the Ordnance Chief’s Office of the War Department. Through the Highways Council, it assisted the War Industries Board in arranging priority orders in connection with the use of structural and reinforcing steel, crushed stone, sand, and gravel for highways; assisted the Fuel Administra- tion in passing upon applications for permits to obtain from manu- facturers and refiners oils, asphalts, and tars to be used for road and street purposes; and assisted the Railroad Administration in arranging for the transportation of material for constructing high- ways and city streets. Records; 12,000 feet in the Federal Works Agency. Include general correspondence of the Bureau covering the war years and other materials pertaining to war activities, in- cluding those relating to the preparation of highway maps, to the construction of military roads, and to the Bureau's cooperation with various war agencies through the Highways Council, References: W, Stull Holt, The Bureau of Public Roads (Baltimore, 192571 PUBLIC SERVICE AND ACCOUNTING DIVISION, Railroad Administration.— Created on February 9, 1918, Discontinued on February 1, 1919, when the Divisions of Public Service and of Accounting were created. Functions: To handle complaints from the public; to exercise joint jurisdiction with the Traffic Division over rate changes; and to handle the accounting work of the Administration. Records: Those relating to accounting are in NA; those relating to public service were authorized for destruction in 193U. PUBLIC SERVICE DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—First existed as a part of the Public Service and Accounting Division; created as a separate Division on February 1, 1919. It was discontinued on March 1, 1920, and its unfinished work was completed by the Liquidation Claims Division. Functions; To -handle complaints from the public relating to rates, fares, classifications, regulations, and prac- tices affecting freight, passenger, and express traffic; to exercise joint jurisdiction with the Traffic Division over the establishment and modification of rates, fares, and other charges and over the various freight traffic committees of the Railroad Administration; and to act as liaison between the Administration and the State railroad commissions and other local public authorities. Records: Authorized for destruction as useless papers on March 20, 1£5U. PUBLIC SERVICE RESERVE, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Created on June 1U, 1917, by the Secretary of Labor. In January 1918 it be- came part of the Employment Service. It had its own Director, hSh William E. Hall, and in each State a field staff of voluntary- workers under a Federal Director, who usually was also the Employ- ment Service State Director. It was discontinued after the close of the war. Functions; To serve as a registration agency for citizens who desired to do war work for the Government or for en- terprises engaged in Government work, and to act as the recruiting arm of the Employment Service, seeking out workers in less essen- tial occupations and distributing them where they were most vitally needed in the vrar effort. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Certain schedules and summaries fbr a study of women in war industries, made in April 1918, were authorized for disposition by Congress on May 7, 192U. References: Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War, 19U-195 (]Urbana, 1920J). PUBLIC UTILITIES DIVISION, National War Labor Board, War Labor Admin- istration, Labor Department.—Probably organized in 1918 and termi- nated with the Board in 1919. Charlton Ogbum, Chief, Functions: To act upon wage and other labor disputes involving public utilities when the cases were submitted to the Board by both parties con- cerned, The majority of the cases that came before the Division involved street railways, and were handled by the Street Railway Department._ Records: May be among the records of the Board in NA. PUBLIC WORKS AND CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, Information and Education Service, Labor Department.—Created in January 1919 and took over and enlarged the work of the Economics Division. Proba- bly terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions; To assist in restoring industry to a peacetime basis through a cam- paign to encourage public works and private building construction. Records; Disposition of the Service's records was authorized by Congress on May 7, 1928. PUBLIC WORKS, YARDS, AND DOCKS COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—Created on November U, 19l£. Consisted of six members; Alfred Craven, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. PUBLICATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION DIVISION, Committee on Public Informa- tion.—See PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION DIVISION. PUBLICATIONS DIVISION, Agriculture Department.—Established before the war. Absorbed by the Office of Information in 192$. Functions; During the war, to supervise the editing, printing, and distribution of leaflets, circulars, bulletins, posters, placards, and the like, issued by the Department as part of its program to stimulate the output of agricultural products and to promote the conservation of foodstuffs; and to conduct campaigns through the use of motion pic- tures and lantern slides dealing with the preservation of perishable fruits and vegetables, forest-fire prevention, raising backyard poultry, and enlisting city people in farm work. Records; In the Agriculture Department (2,178 feet, 1887-19U2). PUBLICATIONS DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Executive Order No. 2708, September 2£, 1917, provided for the creation of a Division of Publications, but it apparently was never organized. The Civic and Educational Cooperation Division performed the func- tion of a publications unit. U5S PUBLICITY BRANCH, METHODS OF, Industrial Education Section, Adminis- tration Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION SECTION. PUBLICITY COMMITTEE, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department,—See GENERAL PUBLICITY BOARD. PUBLICITY DIVISION, Food Administration.--See EDUCATIONAL DIVISION. PUBLICITY DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, Navy Depart- ment.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. PUBLICITY SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Division, Information and Education Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Probably created in January and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions: Indicated by name. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928. PUBLICITY SECTION, Wholesale and Retail Division, Food Administra- tion,—Organized in October 1917 as a part of the Distribution Divi- sion j transferred to the Wholesale and Retail Division in April 1918. Terminated in January 1919. Functions-: To mobilize sentiment behind the pledge-card campaigns. Records? 1917-19 (151 feet) in NA. Correspondence and pledge cards. PUBLICITY SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917 and composed of the chairmen of the eight subcommittees making up the Labor Committee; never functioned except through its individual members acting as chairmen of their own subcommittees. Probably dissolved about August 10, 1917. Functions: To handle general publicity for the Committee. Records': Probably none. PULLMAN CAR LINES [SECTION], Operation Division, Railroad Administra- tion.—Originally the Operating Department of the Pullman Co, Name changed to Pullman Car Lines on August 17, 1918. Headed by a Fed- eral Manager, who reported to the Director of the Division. Pre- sumably terminated with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To operate Pullman car lines. Records; Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. PULP AND PAPER DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Organized on June 6, 1918, as the Pulp and Paper Section and reorganized on October 1 as a Division. Terminated on December 19, 1918. Functions: To curtail civilian uses of paper in order to provide an adequate supply for •war and Government requirements. Also, by conserving paper to con- serve the coal, transportation, and labor required in i-ts manufacture and distribution. Records: In NA. Include reports received from publishers by the Newspaper Section (13 feet) and some card records of the Fiber Board and Container Section (1 foot). Other records are probably in the "consolidated files" of the Board. PURCHASE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department,—Established on October 19, 1918, by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1, Operated through several Branches, including: Award and Contract, External Relations, In- spection, Production, Purchase, and Research, In existence on June 30, 1920, as the Administrative Division. Functions: To coordinate 1*56 the activities of purchase commodity divisionsj to supervise pur- chase policies and methods; to have charge of personnel; to maintain contacts with agencies concerned with the control and manufacture of raw materials; to handle contracts and legal matters; and to have charge of office service. Records? Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. PURCHASE AND STANDARDIZATION BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE BRANCH. PURCHASE AND STORAGE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—On September 12, 1918, by Supply Circular No. 91, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, R. E. Wood, the Acting Quartermaster General, was designated Direc- tor of Purchase and Storage. This Director reported to the Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic. Supply Circular No. 110 of November 6, 1918, directed that the procurement, storage, and dis- tribution divisions of the Quartermaster General's Office and the corresponding functions of the Quartermaster Corps be transferred to the Purchase and Storage Director's Office. The Office included the Purchase Director's Office, the Storage Director's Office, the Remount Service, and General Administrative, Requirements and Requi- sitions, and Statistical Divisions. On April 11, 1919, a General Staff memorandum designated the organization encompassed by the Office as the Purchase and Storage Service. The title of Director of Purchase and Storage was abolished by Special Orders No. U2, ?/ar Department, July lU, 1920, and the Purchase and Storage Service was replaced by the Supply Service, established the following day by Memorandum No, 6 of the Quartermaster General's Office. Functions: To have responsibility for and authority over the purchase, storage, distribution, and issue within the United States of supplies for the Aray, Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. PURCHASE AND STORAGE SERVICE, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See PURCjIASE AND STORAGE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. PURCHASE AND SUPPLY BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about April 16, 1918, under the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division as a continuation of the former Purchase and Supply Division of the General Staff. Operated through the following Sections: Emergency, Finance, Pro- duction, and Purchase, Abolished in the reorganization of Septem- ber St 1913. Functions: To supervise and coordinate the procure- ment and supply activities of the Department. Records; Whereabouts unknown. PURCHASE AND SUPPLY DEPOTS BRANCH, Equipment Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department,—-See PURCHASE SECTION, Procurement Division, PURCHASE AND SUPPLY DEPOTS BRANCH, Finance and Supply Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PURCHASE SECTION, Procurement Division. PURCHASE AND SUPPLY DIVISION, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. U57 PURCHASE .AND SUPPLY LIAISON SECTION, Special Service Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Existed by June 21, 1918. Functions: To maintain close contact with purchase and supply organizations in other branches of the Department. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PURCHASE BRANCH, Cannon Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—Established in 1917$ transferred on October 27, 1917, to the Purchase Section, Gun Division. Functions: To handle the procurement of field and seacoast cannon arid their ac- cessories. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PURCHASE BRANCH, Purchase, Storage,-and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No. 86 of September 5, 1918. Operated through the following Sections: Ad- ministrative, Commandeering, Inspection, Methods, Patents, Produc- tion, Progress, Purchase Information, and Standardization. Absorbed the Standardization Branch on October 15, 1919, and became the Pur- chase and Standardization Branch. Functions: To supervise supply purchasing by the Department; to formulate and supervise the execu- tion of purchasing policies; and to study methods of purchase, Rec- ords; Whereabouts unknown. PURCHASE COORDINATION DIVISION, Food Administration.--See COORDINATION OF PURCHASE DIVISION. PURCHASE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—Supply CirciT',r No. 91 of the Division dated September 12, 1918, designated a Director of Purchase, who was to report to the Director of Purchase and Storage. His Office operated through a number of Divisions, including the following: Clothing and Equipage; General Supplies; Machinery and Engineering Materials; Medical and Hospital Supplies; Motors and Vehicles; Raw Materials and Paints; and Subsistence, In April 1919 the operating units of the Office were designated as the Purchase Service. Memorandum No. 6, Quarter- master General's Office, July 15, 1920, established the Supply Serv- ice as a combination of the former Purchase and Storage Services, each of which became a Division of the new organization. Functions: To have charge of the procurement of supplies for the Army, in- eluding their purchase, production, and inspection. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. PURCHASE DIVISION, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,— In existence prior to the outbreak of the war. Functions; To have charge of all Navy purchasing. During the war it retained its old system of competitive buying, but enlarged the list of bidders to whom schedules were sent. Contracts were let on a cost-plus-profits basis, the settlements and the payments on the cost-plus contracts being determined by the Accounting Division. Some material had to be commandeered. Because of the great increase in work, a number of "material sections" were set up to deal with particular commodi- ties and to maintain contact with the corresponding sections in such agencies as the tfar Industries Board, the Pbod Administration, and the Fuel Administration, Although there were various organiza- tional changes, the Division functioned during the war, in the main, through the following Sections: Award, Chemicals and Explosives, Clothing, Contract, Correspondence, Emergency Purchase, Fuel and Transportation, Legal, Lumber, Mailing List, Navy Order, Non-Ferrous USB Metal, Open Purchase, Printing and Machinery, Priorities, Provisions, Rush Delivery, Salvage, Schedule, Steel, Stock Upkeep, Supply, and Textiles, Early in 1918 the Fuel and Transportation Section was succeeded by the Logistics and Fuel Division and the Rush Delivery Section by the Inland Traffic Division. Records; Among the general files of the Bureau in NA. PURCHASE INFORMATION SECTION, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about September 9, 1918, and still in existence on June 30, 1919. Func- tions: To collect and distribute to the public information about the purchase and sale of commodities for the Armyj to direct for the Army the adaptation of surplus supplies to military uses and the conversion of peacetime industries to war work; and to super- vise the methods of publishing Department requirements, contracts, and awards. Records: Whereabouts unknown. PURCHASE OF PUBLIC ANIMALS AND REMOUNT SERVICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Statistics Division, Council of National Defense.—Established in April 1917, Functions transferred to the Remount Division, Quarter- master General’s Office, War Department, in March 1918, Functions; To cooperate with the Remount.Division in the purchase of'horses and mules for the Army. The Committee prepared charts of the re- mount zones in the United States, gathered information concerning the business standing of dealers, and studied shipping conditions and contract requirements. Records; 1917-18 (10 feet) in NA among those of the Council. Include correspondence; reports on dealers, awards of contracts, purchases', and shipments; and card records of dealers and contracts. PURCHASE SECTION, Engineering Division, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War Department.—See PURCHASE SECTION, Procurement Division. PURCHASE SECTION, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established on September 7, 1917, by Gun Division Order No. U. On October 27, it absorbed the Purchase Branch of the Cannon Section, Operated through the following Branches; Cartridge Case, Explosives, Finance, Fuze, General Control, Loading, Miscellaneous Material, Packing Containers, Projectile, Raw Material, Statistical, and Trench Warfare, Transferred on January 13, 1918, by authority of Gun Division Order No. 57, to the Procurement Division. Func- tions ; To be responsible for questions of a business nature affect- ing the negotiation, placing, modification, extension, and cancela- tion of purchase orders and contracts for materials handled by the Division (except cannon and their accessories). Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PURCHASE SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Established during the latter half of 1917, and included the following Branches: Purchasing; Relations With Council of Na- tional Defense, FMel Administration, Etc.; and Transportation, Functions: To purchase building materials and machinery for nitrate plants under construction; to handle the transportation of plant materials; to approve certain important orders of contractors and to obtain clearances and priorities through the War Industries Board; and to handle fuel requests of plants. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, h$9 PURCHASE SECTION, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—Originally the Purchase Section of the Engineering Division, Became the Purchase and Supply Depots Branch of the Finance and Supply Division on June 2, 1917. From August 2 to 29, this Branch functioned as the Purchase and Supply Depots Branch of both the Equipment and the Finance and Supply Divisions. On Octo- ber 1, 1917, its functions were divided between the Purchase and Supply Depots and the Overseas Follow-up Branches of the Equipment Division. Finally the Purchase Section was reestablished in the newly organized Procurement Division on September 7, 1918. As such, it functioned through the following Branches: Photography, Machin- ery and Machine Shop Equipment, Radio Equipment, Telephone and Electrical Equipment, and Miscellaneous Equipment. Functions; To place orders and contracts and to obtain the necessary clearances and priorities. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PURCHASE SECTION, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about April 20, 1918, and discontinued on September 5, Functioned through six Subsections, as follows: Purchase Records, Contract, Coordina- tion, Administration, Operations, and Auxiliary. Functions; To coordinate and correlate the purchase activities of the supply bu- reaus of the War Department; to cooperate with the IVar Industries Board in matters of clearances on behalf of the Department; and to lease and purchase real estate and supervise the commandeering and appraisal of property taken for the use of the Department, The Section standardized contract forms; established standard purchase policies and legal procedures; and conducted investigations to re- duce the types of articles purchased. Records; Whereabouts unknown. PURCHASE SECTION, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Organized in 1917. Transferred on January U*, 1918, to the Procurement Division as a part of its Small Anns Section, It again became a part of the Small Arms Division upon the rees- tablishment of that Division by Office Order No. h9£, effective February 1, 1919* Functions; To handle the procurement of small arms ordnance material. Records: Probably with those of the Of- fice in NA. PURCHASE SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department,—See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. PURCHASE SERVICE, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—A composite of several predecessor units. A Storage and Traffic Service was established in the Office of the Chief of Staff by General Orders, No, 167, of December 28, 1917, to take charge of and exercise supervision over the transportation of troops and supplies for the Army and the storage facilities connected there- with, General Orders, No, 5, of January 11, 1918, established a Purchasing Service in the Office of the Chief of Staff, to take charge of and exercise supervision over the acquisition of supplies and*munitions for the Army and to provide for the coordination of the Army's procurement activities. These two services were made Divisions of the General Staff, to be known as the Purchase and Supply Division and the Storage and Traffic Division, by General U60 Orders, No. lU, of February 9. Finally, General Orders, No. 36, of April 16, consolidated the two Divisions to form the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, The latter took over many of the functions of the Quartermaster General’s Office in the fall of 1918 and thereafter operated through a very large number of subordinate units. Most of these were under the Office of the Director of Pur- chase and Storage, In the reorganization of the General Staff which occurred ir August 1920, the Division was discontinued. Maj. Gen. George W. Goethals, Director (formerly Acting Quartermaster General). Functions: The detailed functions of this Division were described in General Orders, No. 30, of August 26, 1918. The Direc- tor of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic was to supervise and direct calculations of requirements, procurement and production activities of the agencies of the War Department, and the coordination of these activities; to represent the Army in all arrangements for the co- ordination of these activities with those of other agencies of the Government and with the Allies; to maintain an estimate of the mili- tary resources of the United States relative to materials; to de- termine priorities among agencies of the Department and in relation to other Government agencies; to supervise and coordinate financial matters relating to the purchase of supplies; to control the storing and warehousing of property for the Army; to control matters relating to the routing of troops and Department property; and to control the embarkation and transport overseas of troops and supplies. It should be noted, however, that Supply Bulletin No. 29, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, of November 7, 1918, stressed the point that the function of the Director was to be executive and not supervisory. Records: Some are among the files of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA, The whereabouts of others is unknown, and still others remain in The Adjutant General’s Office, Services of Supply, War De- partment. PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918. Functioned through the following Sections: Clothing and Equipage; Subsistence and Fbrage; Motors and Vehicles; General Supplies; Raw Materials; Remount; Signal Corps; Machinery and Engineering Materials; and Medical and Hospital. Became a Section of the General Statistics Branch, Requirements Division, aoout March 27, 1919. Functions; To prepare statistical reports on purchases by the commodity divi- sions of the Office. Records: Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. PURCHASES AND FINANCE, INTERALLIED COUNCIL ON WAR.—See INTERALLIED COUNCIL ON WAR PURCHASES AND FINANCE. PURCHASES DIVISION, Railroad Actainistration.— Created on March 1$, 1919, Formerly a part of the Division of Finance and Purchases. It was discontinued on April 1, 1920, after which its unfinished work was handled by the Liquidation Claims Division, Functions: To coordinate and supervise purchases of materials and supplies by railroads; and, after the war, to curtail purchases of supplies. Records: Authorized for destruction on March 20, 193U. PURCHASING AGENT'S OFFICE, Post Office Department.—In existence be- fore the war. Functions: During the war, it cooperated with the War Industries Board in mobilizing the entire envelope industry to meet the needs of the Government for franked envelopes. Records; U61 May be among those of the Department in NA. Others remain in the Post Office Department. PURCHASING AND CONTROL BRANCH, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, War Department.--See PURCHASING BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, PURCHASING AND PRODUCTION SECTION, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Estab- lished on July 11, 1918, as the immediate successor to the Purchas- ing and Production Divisions. The Section was abolished on January 30, 1919, and on June 11, 1919, its functions were assumed by the Material Section of the Supply and Sales Division, Functions: To supervise the purchasing of shipbuilding materials; to expedite the production of shipbuilding materials and equipment; and to supervise the inspection of shipbuilding materials and supplies. Records: 1918-19 (16 feet) in NA. Include inspection reports, purchase or- ders, and lists of materials necessary to the construction of ves- sels, The main records of the Section, however, are in the general files of the Division, PURCHASING BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department,—Established on January 26, 1918, as the Purchasing and Control Branch of the Supplies and Equipment Di- vision. Became the Purchasing Branch of that Division on April 16 and of the Clothing and Equipage Division on May 18, Abolished on June lli, 1918. Functions: To handle purchases and contracts for materials recommended by 'the procurement branches. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. PURCHASING BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department,—Established on June lit, 1918, by the union of the Controlled Bids and the Uncontrolled Bids Branches, both of which had been in existence since March 21, 1918. The Purchasing Branch also took over the functions of the dissolved Procurement Subdivision. On October 19, 1913, the Branch was transferred, together with the other branches of the Division, to the Office of the Director of Purchase, Functions: To handle the procurement of subsistence items for troops at home and abroad. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. PURCHASING COMMISSION, ALLIED.—See ALLIED PURCHASING COMMISSION. PURCHASING COMMISSION, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED PURCHASING COM- MISSION. PURCHASING COMMITTEE, CENTRAL ADVISORY, Finance and Purchases Divi- sion, Railroad Administration.—See CENTRAL ADVISORY PURCHASING COMMITTEE. PURCHASING DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING AND, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See ENGINEERING AND PUR- CHASING DEPARTMENT. PURCHASING DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Initiated with the appointment of a General Purchasing Officer for the Corporation on May 31, 1917. The organi- zation that he headed was known as the Purchasing Division as early as August 20, 1917. About January 1, 1919, the Production Department h 62 of the Division became the Production Division. The Purchasing Division was abolished on June 10, 1918, and its duties were then performed by the Purchasing and Production Section of the Supply Division. Functions: To procure, have custody of, and distribute shipbuilding supplies, materials, and equipment. Recordst 1918-19 (16 feet) in NA, Include inspection reports, purchase orders, and lists of materials necessary to the construction of vessels. Most of the records of the Purchasing Division, however, are included in the "old'1 general files of the Supply and Sales Division, also in NA. PURSERS' DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established in December 1918. Until May 1919 the supercargo personnel work was handled with that of the super- visor's office; after that date the supercargo and steward's per- sonnel offices were continued under the Pursers' Department, which became part of the Supervisors and Supercargo Section of the Oper- ating Department, Operations Division, on February 1, 1920. Func- tions: To supervise supercargoes and stewards on Shipping Board vessels. Records: 1918-20 (65 feet) in NA. Correspondence and forms concerning the work of the supercargoes and stewards. PYRITES SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed about May 1917. Became the Section on Foreign Pyrites of the Chemical Alliance, Inc„., in November 1917. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to pyrites for the Commit- tee! fecords: Most of them were transferred to the Chemical Al- liance, but a few fragments are scattered through the records of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. PYROMETER COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.—Organized in 1918 under the chairmanship of George K. Burgess. Functions; To develop an improved pyrometer for better control ot the steel-making process. Records; In the National Research Council. PYROTECHNIC BRANCH, Trench Warfare Section, Engineering Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on September 27, 1913. Functions: To design pyrotechnics for the use of the Army, including signal and parachute rockets, signal pistols and their ammunition, position and signal lights, and flares and smoke torches. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. PYROTECHNIC RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized in June 1917j transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions; Indicated by its name and the names of its Sec- tions, as follows: Flaming-Liquid] Gas-Shell} Hand-Grenade; In- cendiary; Signal-Light; and Smoke-Screen. Records; In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 29-31 (Bulletin 1?8A. Washington, 1919). U63 0 QUALITY OF WATER DIVISION, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Department,—Formerly a part of the Division of Ground Waters, it became a Division on January 2, 1918. Functions: To analyze surface and ground waters and to interpret these analyses to determine the value of the waters for domestic and industrial uses. During the war reports were made to the War and Navy Depart- ments on the quality of the water supplies at camps and cantonments. Records: In the Water Resources Branch. QUARANTINE AND IMMIGRATION DIVISION, FOREIGN AND INSULAR (MARITIME), Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See FOREIGN AND INSULAR (MARITIME) QUARANTINE AND IMMIGRATION DIVISION. QUARANTINE DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department,— Established on April 1, 1891. Name changed to Miscellaneous Divi- sion on July 1, 1896, and back to Quarantine Division on July 1, 1903* On May 1, 1922, it became a part of the Field Inspection Divi- sion, Functions; During the war, in addition to its regular work of excluding contagion from abroad, to supervise the importation of tick-infested cattle from Mexico, South America, Central America,and the islands of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea under the restrictions Imposed by section 9 of the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917. Records: 1917-18 (A feet) in NA, Include general files. QUARANTINE DIVISION, DOMESTIC, Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- ment. —See DOMESTIC (INTERSTATE) QUARANTINE DIVISION. QUARRY SECTION, MINING AND, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVI- SION. QUARRYING SECTION, MINING AND, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See MINING AND QUARRYING SECTION, QUARTERMASTER BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION. QUARTERMASTER GENERAL'S OFFICE, War Department,—An act of March 28, 1812, established a Quartermaster's Department for the Army, During the World War most of the functions and duties of the Office of the Quartermaster General were transferred to other arms of the service, or to other units of the Department, especially to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff, to the Finance Service, and to the Motor Transport Corps, The Office operated through a number of Divisions, including the following: Cantonment; Clothing and Equipage; Conservation and Reclamation; Hardware and Metals; Operating; Remount; Subsistence; Transportation; and Vehicles and Harness. Functions; To procure, by purchase, construction, or other means, supplies of standard manufacture and supplies common to h6h two or more branches of the War Department or Army; to store supplies; to supervise certain construction work; to acquire certain real estate; and to furnish necessary transportation. Records: The main decimal files of the Office and various other records for the war period are in NA (combined with older records of the Office, records of other offices merged into it, and records of various field offices of the Department, they total 32,890 feet). Included in the files are some of the records of the Director of the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff and of offices subordinate to him, rec- ords of many subdivisions of the Quartermaster General's Office, and various field records for the war period. References: Quartermaster General's Office, Reports. 1917-20. QUARTERMASTER STORES SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about February 15, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1920, Func- tioned through four Subsections, as follows: Clothing and Equipage, General Supplies, Subsistence, and Miscellaneous, Functions; To supervise the sale of surplus quartermaster stores, including such items as food, furniture, clothing, leather and rubber goods, and fuel and draft animals. Records; Whereabouts unknown. QUARTERMASTER SUBDIVISION, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Estab- lished on October 28, 1918, and operated through the following Branches: Clothing and Equipage; General Supplies; Raw Materials; and Subsistence, In existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To supervise the storage, maintenance of stocks, and distribution of quartermaster supplies to the Array. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Of- fice in NA. QUARTERMASTER SUBDIVISION, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and oper- ated through the following Branches; Clothing and Equipage; Gen- eral Supplies; Fuel and Forage; Salvage; Subsistence; and Vehicles and harness. In existence when the Division was merged in the Over- seas Supply Division on February 1, 1919. Functions; To be respon- sible for the prompt and complete dispatch of the quartermaster sup- plies handled by its branches. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. QUARTERMASTER SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9, of October 25, 1918, there was established a Quartermaster Branch. In the reorganization of the Division on November 22, 1918, this Branch became the Quartermaster Subdivision, In existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of quartermaster supplies through all ports of embarkation for the American Expeditionary Forces, and to reg- ulate the movement of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, U6$ QUARTERMASTER SUPPLY CONTROL BUREAU, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department.—See SUPPLY CONTROL DIVISION. QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT, Marine Corps Headquarters, Navy Department, See MARINE CORPS HEADQUARTERS. QUESTIONNAIRE SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board.—Established on September 15, 1918; discontinued after the armistice. Functions: To supervise questionnaires issued to indus- trial establishments by the War Industries Board. ' Records: Among those of the Board in NA. 1*66 R RACE IN RELATION TO DISEASE COMMITTEES, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council.—See ANTHROPOLOGY COMMITTEE, RACIAL GROUPS DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Department.—Es- tablished as the Negro Education Division in 1913 with the help of the Phelps-Stokes Fund. In 1916 the name was changed to Racial Groups Division, On July 1, 1919, such financial arrangements as had existed with the Phelps-Stokes Fund became illegal, and since no funds were voted for continuing the work of the Division, it went out of existence. Functions: To study the work of Negro schools and to gather and disseminate information about Negro edu- cation. During the war the Division aided the War Department in selecting trainihg schools for Negro drafted soldiers, assisted the War and Labor Departments in placing persons in responsible posi- tions, and investigated the conditions among Negro troops in canton- ments. The information as to the needs of Negro soldiers gathered in this investigation was made use of by nearly every agency working in the Interest of soldiers. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Refer- ences: Darrell H. Smith, The Bureau of Education, 36-37 (Baltimore, 19231. RADIO DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Probably established in May 1919. On February 1, 1920, it became the Radio Section of the Operating Department, Fractions: To supervise matters relating to radio and submarine signal service in which the Division was interested. Records: 1919-20 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence concerning radio operators, licenses for ship radio stations, and other information about radio apparatus on vessels operated by the Shipping Board. RADIO DEVELOPMENT SECTION, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War Department.—Prior to the war the radio activities of the Office were carried on in the Engineering Division. They were turned over to the Radio Division upon its formation in July 1917. In July 1918 this Division became the Radio Development Section of the Engineering and Research Division. The Section func- tioned through the following Branches: Experimental and Development, Trans-Atlantic Radio, Outside Development, Radio Drafting, Bureau of Standards Laboratory, and Little Silver Laboratory. Functions: To handle and direct the development, design, and preparation of com- plete manufacturing data concerning radio apparatus for land and air service. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, RADIO DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War Department,—See RADIO DEVELOPMENT SECTION, Engineering and Research Division. RADIO DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—In exist- ence prior to the war. At first known as the Division of Radio Telegraphy, and after September 1930 as the Division of Radio and Sound. Functions; To have charge of the design and supply of radio apparatus for ship and shore installations and for aircraft and also U67 of the development of antisubmarine and antiaircraft sound devices. Records: In HA. In addition to material in the general files of the Bureau, there are separate groups of correspondence concerning aircraft-radio activities in France, 1918-20, reports from radio stations and from radio plants aboard ship, 1912-22, and inventories memoranda, schedules, and blueprints, 1912-22. References: Navy Department, Annual Report, 1918, p. £28-531* RADIO EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Production Section, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.--See PRODUCTION SEC- TION. RADIO EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Purchase Section, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PURCHASE SECTION. RADIO SECTION, Operating Department, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See RADIO DEPARTMENT, Operations Division. RADIO SECTION, MARINE CORPS, FUEL OIL, AND, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.--See MARINE CORPS, FUEL OIL, AND RADIO SECTION. RADIO SERVICE, NAVAL, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department.—See COM- MUNICATION DIVISION, Naval Operations Office. RADIO STATIONS BRANCH, PERMANENT, Electrical Engineering Section, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.--See ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SECTION. RADIO SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See NEWS SECTION. RADIO TELEGRAPHY DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Depart- ment. —See RADIO DIVISION. RAG AND FIBER SUBSECTION, Woolens Section, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—Created on June 2U and discontinued on De- cember 21, 1918. Functions; To see that prices and regulations established by the Rrice Fixing Committee were observed. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. RAGS, RUBBER, PAPER, STOCK, EQUIPMENT, ETC. SECTION, Waste Materials Branch, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See WASTE MATERIALS BRANCH. RAIL EQUIPMENT SECTION, Freight Traffic Branch, Rail Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.— See FREIGHT TRAFFIC BRANCH. RAIL TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department,—Created about March 11, 1919, as essentially a con- tinuation of the Inland Traffic Service, which, on that day, was merged with the Embarkation Service to form the Transportation Service. Operated through the following three Branches; Construc- tion, Maintenance, and Operation; Freight Traffic; and Passenger Traffic. Functions: In cooperation with the Railroad Administra- tion, to direct and control the movement of Government property and troops on railroads. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Of- fice, Services of Supply, War Department. U68 RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION.—Under authority of an act of August 2?, 1916, the President by Proclamation No, liH9, December 26, 1917, took control of the railroads of the country and named William 0. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, as Director General of Rail- roads. On December 28 these transportation systems actually came "■within the possession and control" of the Director, but his or- ganization, known as the United States Railroad Administration, was not announced until February 9, 1918. The Administration operated through a number of Divisions, including the following: Inland Waterways, Labor, Law, Operation, Purchases, and Traffic. After March 1, 1920, most of the Divisions were discontinued. On July 1, 1939, the Office of the Director General was abolished, and its functions were transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury. Func- tions ; To operate railroads and their appurtenances, coastwise steamship lines, inland waterways, and telephone and telegraph com- panies that were taken over by the Government. Records: 1917-37 (2,320 feet) in NA. Include files of the Director General; the Comptroller's Office; the Board of Railroad Wages and Working Con- ditions; the Railroad Wage Commission; and the Divisions of Law, Operation,and Labor, including Railway Boards of Adjustment Nos, 1, 2, and 3 and the Women's Service Section. Most of the records of other subdivisions and of the regional offices were authorized for disposition by Congress in 193U. Other records are in the custody of the Treasury Department, the General Accounting Office, and the Interstate Commerce Commission. Still other records remained with the various railroads, and some have been mentioned in the inven- tories compiled by the Survey of Federal Archives. References: Walker D. Hines, War History of American Railroads (New Haven, 1928); William J. Cunningham, "The Railroads Under Government Operation," in Quarterly Journal of Economics, 3$: 36: 30-71 (Feb., Nov,, 1921); TiallroaTXJminiE tration, Report ... July 31, 1918 (Washington, 1918), and Report . . . MarchT, lj?20 (Washington, 1920); William G. McAdoo, Crowded Years')' chs. <#-3l (Boston, 1931)} Frank H. Dixon and Julius'KI Parmelee, War Admin- istration of the Railways in the United States and Great Britain (2d rev. ed. New York, 1919)? and William F. Willoughby, Govern- ment Organization in War Time and After, 17U-191 (New York, 1919). RAILROAD DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Probably organized in 1918 and terminated in 1919. Functions; To recruit labor for work on the Nation's railroads. Records: Whereabouts unknown. RAILROAD DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See RAILWAY ENGINEERING DIVISION. RAILROAD FUEL DISTRIBUTION SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. RAILROAD PROPERTY SECTION, PROTECTION OF, Law Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—See PROTECTION OF RAILROAD PROPERTY SECTION. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Transportation and Communication Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Established on February 16, 1917, as a cooperating com- mittee of the Committee on Transportation and Communication by the executive committee of the American Railway Association; officially designated as the "Special Committee on National Defense of the h69 American Railway Association," Originally composed of 18 members, including the body formerly known as the "Special Committee on Co- operation With the Military Authorities"; enlarged on April 11 to 33 members. Organized into numerous subcommittees, the most im- portant of which were an Executive Committee, commonly known as the "Railroads* War Board," and a Car Service Committee (which had existed previously as the Commission on Car Service). It ceased to function on December 28, 1917, upon the Government taking over control of the railroads, and it was dissolved by order of the Director General of Railroads on December 31* Functions: To coordinate activities of the roads with those of the Committee on Transportation and Communi- cation; under authority of an agreement entered into by the princi- pal railroads on April 11, 1917, to formulate detailed policies for all subscribing roads; to order, through its Executive and Car Serv- ice Committees, the movement of cars and engines to places where they were most needed without regard to ownership; and to cooperate with the Array in preparing schedules for troop movements. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. References: Walker D. Hines, War History of American Railroads, 10-21 (New Haven, 1923); Frank H. Dixon and Julius H. Parmelee, War Administration of the Railways in the United States and Great Britain, 17-63 (2d rev, ed. New 'York, 1^19), RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, ELECTRIC, Transporta- tion and Communication Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ELECTRIC RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE. RAILROAD WAGE COMMISSION, Railroad Administration.—A body of four members, including Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior, appointed by the Director General on January 18, 1918; apparently terminated after making its report in April 1918. Functions; To make a report to the Director General on railroad wages, including the relationship between such wages and wages in other industries and wage demands, overtime, hours of service, labor adjustment boards, discrimination, and the employment of women. Records: 1918 (2 feet) in NA. Include transcripts of hearings oFThe-Com- mission and statistical data used to determine wage scales. Refer- ences: Railroad Wage Commission, Report ... to the Director Gen- eral of Railroads, April 30, 1918 (Washington, 1918). RAILROAD WAGES AND WORKING CONDITIONS BOARD, Railroad Administra- tion.—-Created by a general order issued on May 25, 1918, by the Director General of Railroads. First meeting held on June 1, 1918. Although the Board was terminated by the Presidential proclamation of January 27, 1920, which directed the return of the railroads to private ownership on March 1, 1920, it was allowed time to complete certain statistical studies. Finally abolished on April 1, 1920, by order of the Director General. Functions: To investigate matters presented by railroad employees or their representatives affecting wages and working conditions and to recommend action thereon to the Director General. Records: 1918-20 (33 feet) in NA. Dockets, hearings, reports, and recommendations of the Board, together with related correspondence, statistical material, and exhibits. RAILROADS COAL CAR POOL, EASTERN, Operation Division, Railroad Admin- istration.—See EASTERN RAILROADS COAL CAR POOL. U70 RAILROADS’ WAR BOARD.—See RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION COOPERATIVE COM- MITTEE, Transportation and Communication Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense. RAILWAY AND CONTRACTORS’ EQUIPMENT AND BUILDING MATERIALS SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff War Department.—See BUILDING MATERIALS SECTION. RAILWAY AND SEAOOAST CARRIAGE SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established on January 19, 1918, Functions: To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with seacoast and railway artillery material and with improvising mounts for seacoast guns; to examine inspection reports of seacoast armament; and to prepare tables of allowances for the equipment of seacoast and railway repair shops and for maneuvering material used in seacoast ports. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. RAILWAY AND SEACOAST MOUNT GROUP, Motor and Carriage Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH. RAILWAY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT NO. 1, Labor Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Created on March 22, 1918, by order of the Director Gener- al of Railroads, and held its first meeting on April 8, 1918. Terminated on March 15, 1921. Functions: To adjust controversies growing out of interpretations or applications of existing wage schedules or agreements between railroad officials and employees in the four Brotherhoods of Locomotive Engineers, Railway Conduc- tors, Railroad Trainmen, and Locomotive Firemen and Engineraen. Records: 1918-21 (62 feet) in NA. Include dockets of cases heard by the Board and related correspondence. RAILWAY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT NO. 2, Labor Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Created on May 31, 1918, by order of the Director Gener- al of Railroads and held its first meeting on June 21, 1918. Abol- ished on January 10, 1921, by a circular issued by the Director General. Functions: To adjust controversies growing out of inter- pretations-©?- cations of existing wage schedules or agreements between railroad officials and employees in the International Asso- ciation of Machinists; the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers Iron Shipbuilders, and Helpers of America; the International Brother hood of Blacksmiths snd Helpers; the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America; the Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers' International Al- liance; and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. Records: 1918-21 (59 feet) in NA. Include dockets of cases heard by the Board and related correspondence. RATT.WAY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT NO. 3, Labor Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Created on November 13, 1918, by order of the Director General of Railroads. The Board's first decision was rendered on January 8, 1919. It was abolished on January 10, 1921, by a cir- cular issued by the Director General, Functions; To adjust con- troversies growing out of interpretations or applications of exist- ing wage schedules or agreements between railroad officials and employees in the Order of Railroad Telegraphers; the Switchmen's Union of North America; the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks; and the United Brotherhood of Maintenance-of-Way Employees, Records; 1918- 21 (12 feet) in NA. Include dockets of cases heard by the Board and related correspondence. U71 RAILWAY COMMITTEE, INTERALLIED.--See INTERALLIED RAILWAY COMMITTEE. RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION AND HANDLING PLANT, Railway Engineering Division, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Existed by June 21, 1,918. Functions t Through the several depart- ments of the General Engineer Depot, to procure railway shop machine tools for the use of the American Expeditionary Forces. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. RAILWAY DEPARTMENT, STREET, Public Utilities Division, National War Labor Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See STREET RAILWAY DEPARTMENT. RAILWAY ENGINEERING DIVISION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established on July 15, 1917, as the Railroad Division. By June 1918 it was known as the Railway Engi- neering Division. Operated through a Mechanical Department and a Maintenance of Way Department, each of which worked through the several Departments of the General Engineer Depot. , Also included a Railway Construction and Handling Plant. Functions; Under the direction of the Director General of Military Railroads, to super- vise the procurement of railway materials for use by the American Expeditionary Forces. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. RAILWAY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES SECTION, War Industries Board.—Created about July 30, 1918, taking over some of the work of the Advisory Committee on Plants and Munitions. Discontinued about December 13, 1918, Functions: To coordinate the demands of the Government and the Allies for railroad equipment and supplies; to see that orders were so distributed as to insure the greatest and most efficient production; and to assist the manufacturers of railroad equipment and supplies in obtaining material and in bringing their productive capacity up to the highest efficiency. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. RAILWAY EXPERTS TO RUSSIA ADVISORY COMMISSION.—The Commission, com- posed of five prominent American railway experts headed by John F. Stevens, arrived in Petrograd on June 17, 1917* Its recommenda- tions were accepted by the Russian Government in August 1917. The Commission terminated its existence with the formation of the Inter- allied Railway Committee on March $, 1919. Functions; To advise the Russian Government on the Russian railways with a view to im- proving their efficiency, and thus to facilitate the forwarding of American supplies to Russia. Records; 1917-19 (1 foot) in NA, Include correspondence and technical reports. References; State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, Russia, vol. 3, p. 133-306; 1919, 236. RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In existence before the war. Functions: During the war, it handled the in- creased mail service incidental to all governmental war activities; served the increased demand for parcel post resulting from embargoes on express shipments; supervised special terminals in New York and Chicago to handle mail of the American Expeditionary Forces; and aided in selling war-savings stamps and thrift stamps. Records: Some may be among those of the Department in NA. Others remain in the Post Office Department. U72 RAILWAY MISSION, ALLIED.—See ALLIED RAILWAY MISSION. RAILWAY SECTION, Production Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engi- neers, War Department,—See PRODUCTION DIVISION, RAILWAY SERVICE CORPS, RUSSIAN.—See RUSSIAN RAILWAY SERVICE CORPS. RAILWAY SURGEONS SUBCOMMITTEE, Industrial Medicine and Surgery Commit- tee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Ad- visory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Formed on July 28, 1917, by the Association of Railway Chief Surgeons, and later made a subcommittee of the Industrial Medicine and Surgery Committee, Ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions: To act as liaison agent between railway surgeons and the Government. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. RAILWAYS COMMISSION, FEDERAL ELECTRIC.—See FEDERAL ELECTRIC RAILWAYS COMMISSION. RAILWAYS COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF PORTS, WATERWAYS, AND, Peace Conference.—See INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF PORTS, WATERWAYS, AND RAILWAYS COMMISSION. RAILWAYS DIRECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE, MILITARY, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See MILITARY RAILWAYS DIRECTOR GENER- AL'S OFFICE. RARE METALS AND ALLOYS SECTION, Mineral Technology Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See MINERAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION. RATE AND CLAIM DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Divided into two parts, the Rate Section, organized in April, and the Claim Section, organized in June 1918. Succeeded by the Trades, Rates, and Claims Section of the Traffic Department in February 1920, Functions; To establish and publish freight rates and tariffs, and to handle claims in connection with loss and damage, cargo demurrage, and overcharge claims. Records: 1918-31 (105 feet) in NA, Correspondence, reports, and memoranda. RAW MATERIAL BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on September 20, 1917. Transferred to the Procurement Division as its Raw Materials Section, by Gun Division Order No. 57, January 13, 1918. Functions; To handle business negotiations in connection with the purchase of raw mate- rials of all kinds, including certain semifinished materials. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established in December 1919, taking over functions relative to the items indicated below from the General Supplies Branch. On May 19, 1920, it was transferred to the Regular Supplies Division. Functions; To supervise the storage and distribution of fuel, cement, dyes and chemicals, paints, oils, and similar products. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Of/ice in NA. U73 RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1, October 19, 1918. The name was changed on October 28 to Raw Materials Division. Purchase and Storage No- tice No. 19 of that date established Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, and Chemicals Branches in this Division, but they were not actually organized. Those through which the Division operated were the Fuels, Oils, and Paints Branches. By June 30, 1919, the name of the Division had again been changed to Raw Materials and Paints Di- vision, and on August 18, 1919, the Division became a Branch of the Regular Supplies Division of the Purchase Service. Functions; To have charge of the procurement of paints, fuels, and other raw mate- rials. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in' NA. RAW MATERIALS AND SCRAP SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established in January 1919, apd discontinued on June 30, 1920. Functioned through three Subsections: Chemical and Oils, Ferrous Metals, and Non- Ferrous Metals. Functions; To supervise the sale of surplus scrap and raw materials held by Department bureaus. Among the materials included were lead, brass, pig iron, and chemicals. Records: Whereabouts unknown. RAW MATERIALS BRANCH, Explosives Section, Inspection Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive*Section, RAW MATERIALS BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Procurement Di- vision. RAW MATERIALS BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918, and in existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions: To super- vise the storage, distribution, and maintenance of stocks of raw materials for the Army. Records: Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General's Office in NA, PAW MATEPHIALS BPiANCH, flequirements and Ptequisitions Division, Phirchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIREMENTS AND PiEQUISI- TIONS DIVISION. RAW MATEPHALS BPIANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized on January 10, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1919, when it functioned through four Sections, as follows: Ferrous; Non-Ferrous; Fuel; and Paints, Oils, and Chemicals. Functions: To be responsible for the disposal of surplus raw materials, such as coal, wood, paints, and tin. Pie cords; Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gener- al's Office in NA, PiAW MATEPilALS DEPARTMENT, Production Division, Aircraft Production Bu- reau, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. U7h RAW MATERIALS DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTS DIVI- SION. RAW MATERIALS DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Originated in the ap- pointment on October 11, 1916, of Bernard M. Baruch as Commissioner of Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals in the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense. On July 28, 1917, the Council established the War Industries Board, and Baruch was made Commis- sioner of Raw Materials in it. As he developed the Division, he created numerous commodity sections, which in time became the first commodity sections of the War Industries Board. On March h, 1918, the President appointed him Chairman of the War Industries Board, and the entire Raw Materials Division lapsed with his departure from its innnediate direction. It remained a name only. Functions; To stimulate the production of raw materials for military needs. Rec- Among those of the Board in NA, most of them dispersed in consolidated "commodity" files. RAW MATERIALS, MINERALS, AND METALS COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Originated on October 11, 1916, with the appointment of Bernard M. Baruch, who became its Chairman, as one of the seven members of the Advisory Commission. Functioned through'Cooperative Committees made up of representatives of indus- try, including the following: Alcohol; Aluminum; Asbestos, Magnesia, and Roofing; Brass; Cement; Chemicals; Copper; Lead; Lumber; Mica; Nickel; Oil; Rubber; Steel and Steel Products; Wool; and Zinc. It became the Raw Materials Division of the War Industries Board, es- tablished on July 28, 1917. Functions: To facilitate and control the supply, production, and substitution of raw materials necessary for the conduct of the war. Records: Many of them are probably dispersed in the "commodity files" of the War Industries Board in NA, but the records of many of the cooperative committees are proba- bly in private hands. RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Originated as ihe Raw Materials Branch, Purchase Section, Gun Division, and became a Section of the Procurement Di- vision when it was formed on January 15, 1918. Operated through the following Branches; Chemical, Ferrous, and Non-Ferrous, Func- tions : To handle purchases of raw materials, including ferrous and nonferrous materials, chemicals, lumber, cement, leather, glass, rubber, textiles, oils, and paints. In addition to basic raw mate- rials, the Section handled purchases of certain semifinished mate- rials that had not passed beyond a certain stage in the manufacture into the final product. It also handled the purchase of structural steel, steel cars, and railway tracks. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Statistics and Requirements Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See STATISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS BRANCH. U75 RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established early in July 1918. Terminated about June 11, 1919, when its functions were turned over to the Material Section of the Supply and Sales Division. Functions: To supervise the purchasing, production, and shipment of send finished and raw materials such as rolled steel products, pig iron, copper, and brass. Records: In the "old” general files of the Supply and Sales Division, 1917-2U (366 feet), in NA. RAW MATERIALS SECTION, Supreme Economic Council.—See SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL. RAW MATERIALS SECTION, GENERAL SUPPLIES AND, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES AND RAW MATERIALS SECTION. RAW PRODUCTS CCMMITTEE, BOTANICAL, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zo- ology, and Fisheries Division, National Research Council.—See BO- TANICAL RAW PRODUCTS COMMITTEE. REAL ESTATE AND COMMANDEERING DIVISION, Industrial Housing and Trans- portation Bureau, Labor Department.—See REAL ESTATE DIVISION, Hous- ing Corporation, HEAL ESTATE AND MORTGAGE DEPARTMENT, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.--Organized in 1917. Later became the Division of Dece- dents* Estates and Real Estate and continued as such until 193U, when its functions were taken over by the Alien Property Bureau of the Justice Department, Functions: To appraise real estate and mortgages, to prepare records relating to real estate, and to exer- cise general supervision of the work of the depositories pertaining to this class of property. Records: 1917-39 (25 feet) in NA. In- clude real-estate records, mortgage records, correspondence, and other material relating to the administration of real estate. REAL ESTATE BRANCH, Operating Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Established in 1917. Functions: To conduct negotiations and prepare the necessary papers in con- nection with the acquisition of land and buildings for storage facilities by purchase, rental, or requisition. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, REAL ESTATE DIVISION, Housing Corporation,—Originated as the Real Estate and Commandeering Division of the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, on March 1, 1913, and transferred later to the Housing Corporation. Continued to exist in the Corporation in modified form during the period of liquidation. Functions: To investigate industrial communities, to obtain suita- ble land for housing projects, and to purchase or requisition needed houses and land. Records: 1918-29 (80 feet) in NA. General'cor- respondence, records of real-estate sales, agreements, blueprints, reports and other records relating to commandeered and requisitioned property, and vouchers. Other records are in the Procurement Divi- sion, Treasury Department. REAL ESTATE SERVICE, ?ar Department.--Originated in the Real Estate Unit, Purchase Section, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, U76 and Traffic Division, General Staff, created by Supply Circular No. 32 of June 22, 1918. On August 27 this Unit became a Section of the Facilities Department, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion. The Section in turn was succeeded by the Real Estate Service of the Department, which was created by General Orders, No. U3, April 1, 1919, and placed under the general direction and super- vision of the Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic. It was made a part of the Quartermaster General's Office by General Or- ders, No, i*2, July lli, 1920. Functions: To procure by purchase, lease, rental, condemnation, requisition, or donation all real es- tate or interests therein (such as buildings, docks, and piers) required for the use of the War Department, and to handle all other real-estate business for the Department. Records; In the War De- partment. References: Real Estate Service'" (War Dept.), Reports of the Director, 191^-20. REAL ESTATE UNIT, Purchase Section, Purchase and Supply Branch, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See REAL ESTATE SERVICE, War Department. RECLAMATION DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See CONSERVATION AND RECLAMATION DIVISION. RECLA1/IATI0N SECTION, WAR PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL WASTE, Labor Divi- sion, War Industries Board.-See WAR PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL WASTE RECLAMATION SECTION. RECLAMATION SERVICE, Interior Department.—Established in the Depart- ment in 1902 and given bureau status in 1907. Functions; Its war- time activities included the stimulation of greater crop production in reclamation project areas by supplying seed and storage facili- ties for farmers. It also conducted a Nation-wide survey of possi- ble reclamation site areas to provide farms for returned soldiers. Records: Scattered through the correspondence files of the Bureau, which, through 1919, are in NA. RECLAMATION SERVICE, WASTE, Commerce Department.—See WASTE RECLAMA- TION SERVICE. RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION, PHYSICAL, Surgeon General's Office, War De- partment.—See PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION DIVISION. RECONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS COMMITTEE, General Relations Division, Nation- al Research Council.—Appointed in 1918 with Vernon L. Kellogg as Chairman. Functions: In August 1918 it initiated a survey of the agencies and activities that had to do with after-war problems. When this survey revealed that many other groups were already study- ing these problems, the Committee decided to limit its efforts to projects not undertaken by other organizations. For its initial undertaking it proposed to conduct research and prepare a report on the subject of water resources, the availability of water, and its use in agriculture and industry. Records: In the National Research Council, RECONSTRUCTION RESEARCH DIVISION, Council of National Defense.—In June 1918 President Wilson authorized the Council to coordinate the studies of reconstruction that were in progress throughout the country, and it undertook to do this. As a result of the growth of the work, the Director on February 3, 1919, created the Recon- struction Research Division to handle it. The Division was U77 abolished on April 1, 1920, and its members were designated as the research staff of the Council, Herbert N. Shenton, Chief, Func- tions: To analyze the problems of post-war readjustment and to~ collect, digest, and disseminate information concerning readjust- ment activities in the United States and abroad. It made a careful record of the readjustments in the Federal Government and of the re- construction activities of Federal, State, and local governments. Records: 1918-21 (50 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, reports, memoranda, publications, newspaper clippings, and record and index cards. A list of the varied subjects represented by the records of the Division as they existed at the close of the war is contained in Waldo G. Leland and Newton D. Mereness, Introduction to the American Official Sources for the Economic and Social Mstory~of the World VVar, 32£-3ll (New Haven, 1^26), RECORDS AND INFORMATION BUREAU, CENTRAL, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.--See CENTRAL RECORDS AND INFORMA- TION BUREAU. RECORDS AND PROGRESS SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Initi- ated with the appointment on October 12, 1917» of an Office Engineer in the Shipyard Plants Division. About July 10, 1918, an Office and Progress Section was established to continue the work begun by the Office Engineer. Its name was later changed to Records and Progress Section. This Section appears to have terminated about February l£, 1920. Functions: To establish and systematize methods of record- ing and reporting data relating to shipyards and other plants in which the Corporation had an interest; to chart plant locations and layouts; to analyze and make abstracts of contracts containing pro- visions for the construction of shioyards, drydocks, marine rail- ways, and other plants; to record and analyze progress reports of the construction and development of yards and plants; and to main- tain contact generally with the progress of plant construction and repair work and its cost. Records; 1917-22 (26 feet) in NA, In- clude reports, memoranda, and printed materials on contracts, land leases, plant construction progress and expenditures, plant equip- ment, surplus materials, dredging, and fire protection; other prog- ress reports and charts; capacity statements of shipyards; shipyard location charts; blueprints of plant layouts; and material relating to the financial status of shipyards. RECORDS SECTION, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Originated as the Statistical Department established in the general office of the Construction Organization in July 1917, This was replaced in April 1918 by a Statistical Section (also known as the Planning and Sta- tistics Section) in the office of the Vice President in Charge of Administration, whose functions were transferred to the newly cre- ated Records Section of the Ship Construction Division on March 3j 1919. The Section was abolished on April 15, 1920, This Records Section of the Corporation was independent of the Planning and Sta- tistics Division of the Shipping Board and is not to be confused with it. Functions: To collect, classify, compile, present, and distribute statistical information on ship construction; on the com- pletion of ships; and on the classification, documenting, assign- ment, and operation of steel, wood, composite, and concrete vessels. Also to exercise general supervision over all agencies and groups in the Corporation engaged in statistical work. Records: 1917-20 U78 (32 feet) in NA, Include general correspondence, reports, memo- randa, and statistical reports relating to shipyard plants, steel, wood, composite, and concrete ships, machinery and equipment, con- struction materials, docks, labor, and transportation; copies of statistical tables and charts; bulletins containing statistical information on shipbuilding progress; progress charts; and some drawings of ship designs. RECREATION BRANCH, EDUCATION AND, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, War De- partment. RECREATION DEPARTMENT, HEALTH AND, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See HEALTH AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT. RECREATION LEAGUE, GOVERNMENT.—See HOUSING AND HEALTH DIVISION, War Department- RECREATION SECTION, Welfare Work Subcommittee, Labor Committee, Ad- visory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917. Its functions were probably assumed by the War Labor Admin- istration set up in July 1918 in the Department of Labor. Functions To make surveys of recreation facilities in industrial plants and communities in shipbuilding, aeroplane manufacturing, and munitions manufacturing centers; and to make recommendations in regard to ade- quate recreation programs. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. RECRUITING CENTRAL COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Ad- ministration, Labor Department.—See CENTRAL RECRUITING COMMITTEE. RECRUITING SERVICE, Shipping Board.—Authorized by the Shipping Board on June 1, 1917. Ceased to exist on September 23, 1919,-some of its functions having been consolidated with those of the Operations Division of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. Its subordinate units, the Sea Training Bureau, the Sea Service Bureau, and the Navigation and Engineering Schools, were placed under the direct control of the Shipping Board, Functions; To recruit offi- cers and crews for the merchant marine,'and to establish and main- tain schools, training stations, and ships for the training of these men. Records; 1917—3U (6U0 feet, including records of subordinate and successor agencies) in NA. Applications for appointment, "slop chest cards," administrative correspondence, and "recruit enrollment cards." RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL.—See AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL. REEDUCATION OF WAR CRIPPLES INTERALLIED COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED COMMITTEE FOR THE REEDUCATION OF WAR CRIPPLES. REFERENCE DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Created on No- vember 12, 1917. Absorbed by the Service Bureau upon its creation in March 1913. William Churchill, Director. Functions: To provide a reference service in regard to governmental matters. Records: 1918 (3 inches) in NA. Pertain to publications gathered to send to Arthur Bullard in Russia. REFINERS' COMMITTEE, AMERICAN.—See AMERICAN REFINERS' COMMITTEE. h79 REFINER! WASTAGE SECTION, PETROLEUM FIELD AND, Oil Conservation Bu- reau, Oil Division, Fuel Administration,—See OIL CONSERVATION BU- REAU. REFINING BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Created on Oc- tober 21, 1918; discontinued in June 1919. Functions: To study technical matters concerning the refining of crude oil and to ad- vise the refining industry concerning standard specifications and improved methods. Records: In NA, Those filed separately from the central files of the division consist of correspondence and record cards (6 inches). REFORMATORIES AND HOUSES OF DETENTION SECTION, Law Enforcement Divi- sion, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—Organ- ized in 1917. Functions; To establish reformatories and houses of detention for the rehabilitation of women offenders. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. REFRACTORIES AND NATIVE PRODUCTS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War In- dustries Board,—Formed early in July and discontinued on December 7, 1918. Functions; To handle matters in connection with clays, fluor spars, fire and chrome brick, and similar materials. Rec- . ords: Among those of the Board in NA. REFRIGERATION DEPARTMENT, PAINTS AND, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. REFRIGERATION SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Divi- sion, Quartermaster General’s Office. Transferred to the Construc- tion Division upon its organization on March 13, 1918. Functions: To prepare plans for refrigeration facilities at camps and canton- ments. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War De- partment. REFRIGERATOR DEPARTMENT, Car Service Section, Operation Division, Rail- road Administration.—Established in Chicago on July 1, 1918; proba- bly abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To collect data on and handle the movement and distribution of empty refrigerator cars. Records; Presumably in the custody of the Ameri- can Railway Association. REGISTER OF THE TREASURY, Treasury Department.—A unit in existence since the beginning of the Government and now in the Public Debt Bureau, Treasury Department. Functions; During the war, the Reg- ister was charged with the sealing, countersigning, and redemption of the Liberty and Victory Loan bonds. He also countersigned na- tional bank notes. Records: 1775-1917 (2,586 feet, including rec- ords of the Division of Loans and Currency) in NA, Chiefly records of loans prior to the World War and related papers. Records of the war loans are in the Treasury Department. REGISTERED MAILS DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In existence before the war. Functions: During the war it handled through the registry system large quantities of money. Liberty Loan bonds, and war-savings stamps. It also handled many confidential communications for various governmental war organizations. Records; In the Post Office Depart- ment. ii8o REGISTRATION AND NATURALIZATION SECTION, War Emergency Division, Justice Department.—Existed from October 1, 1917, to May l£, 1919, Functions: To administer the alien enemy registration program and to pass upon the naturalization of alien enemies. Records: Among the central files of the Justice Department in NA. TricIuHe corre- spondence, regulations, instructions, memoranda, case files, regis- tration affidavits, and various registration and naturalization forms. REGISTRATION DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National De- fense. —Organized in the late spring or early summer of 1917 and terminated on October 1, 1918, Also known as the Registration for Service Department, Hannah J, Patterson, Chairman. Functions; To aid in mobilizing the woman power of the country. The ttepart- ment directed the registration of women for voluntary service, studied the problem of training women for new lines of work, and cooperated with the Employment Service in the placement of women. Records; Among those of the Council in NA. Include summaries of State reports of the registration of women by occupation. REGISTRATION DIVISION, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Depart- ment,—Established in 1918. Discontinued by July l£, 1919. Func- tions; To have jurisdiction over all matters relating to registra- tion under the Selective Service Act, including the giving of serial and order numbers; the making out and filing of questionnaires; listings on the "classification list"; the "Work or Fight" regula- tions; registration and classification under treaty provisions; matters pertaining to the personnel of the industrial advisers; and, in general, matters affecting registrants up to and including the filing of questionnaires. Records: With those of the Office in NA. REGULAR SUPPLIES DIVISION, Purchase Service, Purchase and Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION, Purchase Di- rector's Office. REGULAR SUPPLIES DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SIGNAL SUPPLIES SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, REGULATION DIVISION, Shipping Board,—Organized in 1917. Functions; During the war, the Division was authorized to regulate the rates and practices of carriers by water in the foreign and domestic com- merce of the United States by filing tariffs of interstate water carriers; by making investigations and holding hearings in cases of complaints of unreasonable and discriminative rates and practices; by advising the Shipping Board in its policy of modifying rates and practices; and by keeping a record of the statements of all carriers by water regarding agreements as to pooling and other special privi- leges, Records: In the Maritime Commission. REHABILITATION DIVISION, INDUSTRIAL, Federal Board for Vocational Education.—See INDUSTRIAL REHABILITATION DIVISION. REHABILITATION DIVISION, VOCATIONAL, Federal Board for Vocational Education.—See VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION DIVISION. U81 REIATION OF MILITARY TO INDUSTRIAL MAN-POWER COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—The Committee on the Relation of Military to Industrial Man-Power was authorized by the War .Labor Policies Board on July 26, 1918. Its first meeting was held on August lit, and it probably terminated in September 1918. Functions; To consider the questions of classifi- cation, deferment, and furloughing of skilled labor included in the military draft. Records: Interfiled with those of the Board in NA Include minutes of meetings, a report on civilian vocational train- ing, and papers of the Committee. RELATIONS WITH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND STATE COMMITTEES SECTION, General Relations Division, National Research Council.—Formed in 1918 by combining the Section on State Council Relations with the Section on Research in Educational Institutions. John C. Merriam became Chairman of the new organization. With the reorganization of the National Research Council in the spring of 1919 the work of the Section was again divided. Relations of the Council with State committees were assigned to the Division of States Relations, and relations with educational institutions were delegated to the Divi- sion of Educational Relations. Functions: Through this Section the National Research Council cooperated with State research com- mittees and encouraged scientific institutions and men to under- take investigations that might aid the war effort or invited them to cooperate in solving particular problems. At the request of the Committee on Education and Special Training of the War Department the Section reviewed the qualifications of research men of draft age for selection for governmental research work. It also kept in touch with the American Emergency Council on Education; assembled a large amount of research information, which was distributed through the Research Information Service; and undertook to compile information concerning funds and fellowships available for research in the United States. Records: In the National Research Council. RELFASE AND SERVICING BRANCH, Motors Subdivision, Overseas Distribu- tion Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To be responsible for obtaining the releases necessary to fill requisitions for motor trucks, cars, and spare parts re- quired for overseas forces. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. RELIEF, SUPREME COUNCIL FOR SUPPLY AND.—See SUPREME COUNCIL FOR SUP- PLY AND RELIEF. RELIEF ADMINISTRATION, AMERICAN.—See AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION. RELIEF ADMINISTRATION WAREHOUSES, AMERICAN.—See AMERICAN RELIEF AD- MINISTRATION WAREHOUSES. RELIEF BOARD.—Created by Executive Order No. 2013, August 6, 191h, and consisted of the Secretaries of the Treasury, State, War, and Navy Departments. The first mentioned official was designated Chairman. The work of the Board was virtually completed by the middle of 191$, although until recently the Treasury Department was receiving sums in repayment for amounts advanced Americans abroad. Functions: To provide for the protection, advancement of money to, U82 and transportation home of American citizens stranded abroad as a* result of the outbreak of war in 1911*. Records: 1911*-l5 (15 inches) in NA. Consist of correspondence and record cards. Related records are in the State and Treasury Departments. References: Treasury Department, Annual Reports, 1911*, p. 2l*-25j 1915, p. 1*0. RELIEF BUREAU, CHILDREN'S, American Relief Administration.-—See AMERI- CAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION EUROPEAN CHILDREN’S FUND. RELIEF DEPARTMENT, CIVILIAN, American National Red Cross War Council.— See AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL. RELIEF DEPARTMENT, FOREIGN, American National Red Cross War Council.— See AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL. RELIEF DEPARTMENT, HOME AND FOREIGN, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See HOME AND FOREIGN RELIEF DEPARTMENT. RELIEF DIVISION, MARINE HOSPITALS AND, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See MARINE HOSPITALS AND RELIEF DIVISION. RELIEF IN BELGIUM COMMISSION.—See COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM. RELIEF SECTION, CIVIL, Insurance Division, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.—See CIVIL RELIEF SECTION, RELIGIOUS JOURNALS SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.- Created in September 1917j terminated in March 1918. Also known as the Religious Press Section, the Religious Publications Section, and the Religious and Fraternal Orders Section, Functions; To trensmit material for publication to religious and fraternal journals. Rec- ords; 1917-18 (5 inches) in NA, Correspondence and mailing lists. RELOADING DEPARTMENT, American Ordnance Base Depot Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See AMERICAN ORDNANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION. REMOUNT AND FORAGE BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. REMOUNT BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized about Decem- ber 1, 1918, Abolished about May 1, 1919, when its functions were taken over by the Miscellaneous and Office Supplies Branch. Func- tions: To be responsible for the disposal of surplus animals held fey the Department, Records: Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. REMOUNT BRANCH, Transportation Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department.—See REMOUNT DIVISION. REMOUNT DEPOT BRANCH, Remount Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Formed early in 1918. On October 28, 1918, it was transferred with the Division to the Office of the Director of Pur- chase, Functions; To supervise the construction, organization, and administration of permanent remount, auxiliary remount, and animal U83 embarkation depots in the United States; and to control the training of animals prior to their issue to organizations. Records: Proba- bly among those of the Office in NA. REMOUNT DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--.See REMOUNT PURCHASE DIVISION. REMOUNT DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.— Existed before the war as a Branch of the Transportation Division, On October 3, 1917, by Office Order No. 100, it was made a Divi- sion. Operated through several Branches, including the following: Animal Purchase, Issue, and Sales; Remount Depot; and Vehicles and Leather Equipment. On October 28, 1916, in accordance with Pur- chase and Storage Notice No, 19, the Division was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase, and its name was changed Remount Purchase Division. Functions: To procure horses and mules and to ship them to depots to be trained and put in condition for issue to organizations or for shipment overseas; to supervise the construction, organization, administration, and personnel at permanent remount, auxiliary remount, and animal embarkation depots in the United States; and to cooperate with the Department of Agri- culture in the breeding of suitable horses for the military service. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. REMOUNT PURCHASE DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—On October 28, 1918, by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 19, the Remount Division of the Quartermaster General's Office was transferred to the Purchase Director's Office and was designated the Remount Purchase Division. Functioned through several Branches, including the following; Remount Depot; Remount Inspection; and Remount Purchase, Issue, and Sales. Later known as the Remount Division. On April 1);, 1919, its functions were taken over by the Remount Service in the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To procure mounts for the Army and maintain a remount service. Records: Whereabouts unknown. REMOUNT SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. REMOUNT SERVICE, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—On April lii, 1919, the functions of the Remount Division, Office of the Director of Purchase, were taken over by the newly created Re- mount Service, The latter functioned through the following Branches in May 1919: Administrative; Issue and Sales; Service; and Depot. Still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions; To maintain a re- mount service for the Army. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. REMOUNT SERVICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE, PURCHASE OF PUBLIC ANIMALS AND, Statistics Division, Council of National Defense,—See PURCHASE OF PUBLIC ANIMALS AND REMOUNT SERVICE ADVISORY COMMITTEE. U8U RENT COMMISSION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.—Created as an independ- ent emergency agency by an act of October 22, 1919, and continued by subsequent statutes until May 22, 1925. Upon the termination of the Commission its uncompleted work was transferred to the Justice Department. Functions: To fix fhir and reasonable rentals for dwellings, apartments, hotels, and business properties in the Dis- trict of Columbia; to prescribe standard forms of leases; and to recover through actions in the municipal court for rents collected in excess of the amounts fixed by the Commission. Records: 1920- 28 (175 feet) in NA. Include minutes, correspondence, memoranda, newspaper clippings and other printed materials, case files, docket books and cards, and personnel and other administrative records. References: Rent Commission of the District of Columbia, Report to ihe President (Washington, 1925). RENTAL BRANCH, Construction Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Established in 1917. Functions: To nego- tiate or approve all leases of real estate entered into by the Divi- sion. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. REPAIR BRANCH, Construction Division, Housing Corporation.—Organized in August and abolished in November 1913. Functions: To repair the houses commandeered for war workers in Washington, The work was under -the control of a works superintendent, who employed the neces- sary workmen and acted as a contracting agent for the Division, Rec- ords; 1918 (6 inches) in NA. Field orders, bills of material, requisitions, a daily force report, and miscellaneous correspond- ence. REPAIR BRANCH, MAINTENANCE AND, Construction Division, War Depart- ment.—See MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR BRANCH. REPAIR BUREAU, CONSTRUCTION AND, Navy Department.—See CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR BUREAU. REPAIR DEPARTMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR DE- PARTMENT. REPAIR DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—In exist- ence before the war. Its functions were taken over by the Division of Operation and Maintenance of the Engineering Bureau in 1930. Functions; To have charge of repairs to machinery of the fleet and of converted merchant vessels, of the manufacture of gasoline and steam engines for power boats, of the preparation of machinery allow- ance lists, and of surveys of material. Records; 1911-30 (combined with the general files of the Bureau of Engineering) in NA. Chiefly correspondence. REPAIR DIVISION, CONSTRUCTION AND, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR BRANCH, Construction Divi- sion, War Department. REPAIR SHOPS BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director’s Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized about February 2h, 1919, through a consolidation of the Clothing Renovation, the Shoe and Harness Repair, and the Canvas Repair Branches of the Divi- sion. In May 1919 it operated through six Sections, as follows: U85 Dry Cleaning, Hat Repair, Clothing Repair,, Shoe and Harness, Canvas Repair, and Miscellaneous Repair. In existence on June 30, 1920. Functions: To have charge of reclamation activities, including the procurement of repairs and the renovation of mobile Army property, by contract and by the maintenance and operation of the necessary plants and facilities. Records: Some are among those of the Quar- termaster General's Office in NA. REPARATION OF DAMAGES COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—Created at the plenary session of the Peace Conference on January 25, 1919. Com- posed of three representatives from each of the five Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan) and two representatives each from Belgium, Greece, Poland, Rumania, and Serbia, Two representatives each from Czechoslovakia and Portugal were added on February 3 and 22, respectively. Subcommittees were appointed on evaluation, capacity, and guarantees. American mem- bers of the Commission, Bernard M. Baruch, Norman H. Davis (alter- nate, Thomas W. Lament), and Vance McCormick. Louis-Lucien Klotz (of France), Chairman. Functions; To examine and report on the amount the enemy countries ought to pay; on what they were capable of paying; and by what method, in what form, and within what time payment should be made. The functions of the Commission were en- larged on January 27 when questions relating to guarantees for pay- ment were added. Records: Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. The papers of John Foster Dulles, Bernard M. Baruch, and Norman H, Davis doubt- less contain further material. References: Bernard M. Baruch, The Making of the Reparation and Economic' Sections of the Treaty, 15, IB (New York [1926)) } Philip Mason' Surhett, Reparation at the Paris Peace Conference From the Standpoint of the~American Delega- tion, passim (New York, 19lt6). REPORT DIVISION, Food Administration.—See LICENSE DIVISION. REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION, Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—On September 18, 1918, the Requirements Branch of the Supply Control Division, Quartermaster General's Office, was made the Requirements Division, serving both the Quartermaster Gen- eral and the Director of Purchase and Storage, On November 1, by Purchase and Storage Notice No, 19 of October 28, the Requirements Division became the Requirements and Requisitions Division of the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. As organized on November 1, this Division operated through four Branches, as follows: Commodities Requirements, Raw Materials Requirements, Emergency Re- quirements, and Office Service, By November 6, however, the Divi- sion had been reorganized into Administrative and Interbureau Branches and nine commodity requirements Branches, as follows: Component Mate- rials; Clothing and Equipage; Subsistence; Motors, Vehicles, and Har- ness; Machinery and Engineering Materials; Raw Materials; Remount and Forage; Medical and Hospital Supplies; and General Supplies. On Jan- uary Lb, 1919, the Interbureau Branch was transferred to the Purchase Administrative Division, but it was returned to the Requirements and Requisitions Division in March. The Division was again reorganized in April, this time into five Branches: Procurement Authorizations; General Statistics (transferred from the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage); Administrative; Requirements; and Apportion- ments. By June 23, the Procurement Authorizations and the Apportion- ments Branches had. disappeared, and the Raw Products and Priorities U86 and the Finance and Interbureau Branches had been organized. The name of the Division had meanwhile been changed from Requirements and Requisitions Division to Requirements Division. By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 22h of August 18, 1919, the Division was "merged with and made a part of the Office of the Director of Pur- chase." Functions: To compute requirements for standard Army sup- plies, to issue procurement authorizations to procurement divisions in the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, and to issue overseas shipping authorizations. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. REQUIREMENTS AND STATISTICS SECTION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—See REQUIREMENTS SECTION, Estimates and Requirements Division. REQUIREMENTS BRANCH, Warehousing Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SUPPLY CONTROL DIVISION. REQUIREMENTS DETERMINATION BRANCH, General Administration Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See RE- QUIREMENTS SECTION, Estimates and Requirements Division. REQUIREMENTS DIVISION, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,— Existed by June 21, 1918. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, October 22, 1918, its func- tions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions: To pre- pare statistics, reports, and other data; to answer questions con- cerning engineer requirements; and to prepare any general or com- plicated requisitions. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA, REQUIREMENTS DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized in April 1918 in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Depart- ment, succeeding the Estimating Division of that Bureau. later be- came a part of the Housing Corporation. Operated through Private Enterprise, Materials Information, and Estimating Branches. Abol- ished in 1919. Functions; To coordinate the functions of the proj- ect designers and of the Construction Division of the Corporation by collecting and disseminating information concerning the use and cost of building materials; by preparing in advance lists of mate- rials for purchase and shipment; and by making advance analyses of costs and by subsequent checking of costs. Also to investigate and pass on applications for Federal licenses to construct houses for workers in war industries, when the houses were to be financed by private capital. Records; 1918-19 (10 feet) in NA. Include in- vestigators' reports, private and public enterprise files, blue- prints, a general file, and correspondence. REQUIREMENTS DIVISION, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISITIONS DIVISION. REQUIREMENTS DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Created on March 27, 1918, to be the central directing agency for the 1918, and disbanded in November 1918, Functions; To represent the Department in its relations with the Requirements Division of the War Industries Board. Records: Whereabouts unknown. REQUIREMENTS SECTION, Statistics and Requirements Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See STATISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS BRANCH. REQUIREMENTS SUBSECTION, Supply Program Section, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUPPLY PROGRAM SECTION. U88 REQUISITION CLAII/B COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—Established on October 8, 1919, as a successor, in part, to the Ocean Advisory Committee on Just Compensation. Abolished on July 6, 1920, its functions being turned over to the Construction Claims Board. Functions: To award Just compensation to owners of vessels in process of con- struction and to owners of steamships and vessels that were taken by requisition. Records: 1919-20 (6 feet) in NA. Include minutes of the meetings ot the Committee and transcripts of hearings before it; reports on the construction progress of requisitioned ships; and correspondence, reports, affidavits, and hearings relating to individual requisition claims. REQUISITIONED HOUSES IN THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA COMMITTEE, Housing Corporation.—Organized in August 1918. Disbanded on June 30, 1919, at which time the management of requisitioned houses was transferred to the Operating Division of the Corporation, Functions: To requi- sition vacant dwellings, which property was then (1) returned to the owners on condition that it be used by war workers, (2) leased to people who utilized it in accordance with the Committee's instruc- tions, or (3) managed by the Homes Registration Division of the Cor- poration, Records: 1918-19 (10 feet) in NA, Include requisition orders of real estate, correspondence, releases, certificates of requisition, and certification of witnesses. Interfiled with the records of the Real Estate Division, the Operating Division, and the Homes Registration and Information Division. REQUISITIONS AND OPEN PURCHASE CONTRACT SECTION, Civil Division, Ord- nance Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To have charge of matters pertaining to open-purchase contracts, the preparation of requisitions, the assignment of serial numbers, and the examination of bids and proposals. Records: In the Navy Department. REQUISITIONS SERVICE BRANCH, GABLE AND, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CABLE AND REQUISI- TIONS SERVICE BRANCH. RESEARCH AND DESIGN DIVISION, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War De- partment,—Existed by June 21, 1918. Operated through a Research Section and a Design and Drafting Section. In accordance with Sup- ply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Oc- tober 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, Office of the Director of Pur- chase, Functions: To handle for the Office research and design problems Having to do with purchases. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION DIVISION, War Trade Intelligence Bureau, War Trade Board.—Formed in January 1918. In September 1918 the Violations Committee of the Board took over the functions of the Division relating to violatio>iS, Functions; To investigate for the superior Bureau and the Bureau of Ex-sorts violations and evasions of War Trade Board regulations and to conduct special Investigations of business houses suspected of dealing with or of being controlled by the enemy. Records; Among those of the Bureau in the State Department. U09 RESEARCH AND STATISTICS BUREAU, War Trade Board.—Created on November 12, 1918, by combining the Research Bureau and the Tabulation and Statistics Bureau, whi ch became Divisions of the new agency. Trans- ferred to the War Trade Board Section, State Department, on June 30, 1919» Under the general supervision of Edwin F. Gay, Arthur E. Swanson, Director, Functions: To investigate the trade and eco- nomic conditions of the United States and foreign countries. Rec- ords: 1917-19 (123 feet, including records of its predecessors) in the State Department. Include trade and commodity studies and sta- tistical materials. References: Arthur E. Swanson, "The Statistical Work of the War Trade Board," in American Statistical Association, Quarterly Publications, 16: 261-27U (Mar, 1919). RESEARCH BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BUREAU. RESEARCH BUREAU, War Trade Board.—See RESEARCH DIVISION, Research and Statistics Bureau. RESEARCH COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See LEGISLATION COMMITTEE. RESEARCH COMMITTEE, CENSUS OF, Administrative Division, National Re- search Council.—See CENSUS OF RESEARCH COMMITTEE. RESEARCH COUNCIL, NATIONAL.—See NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. RESEARCH DIVISION, Federal Board for Vocational Education.—Established on February 23, 1917, pursuant to the same act that created the Board Terminated early in 1920. The editing functions of the Division were continued by an Editor and Statistician, later known as Editor and Educational Consultant, and the research functions were carried on by specialists within the agency. Functions; To make investiga- tions and prepare reports, prepare memoranda on proposed legisla- tion, answer inquiries made by the State Boards for Vocational Edu- cation, and edit and publish announcements and circulars. Before October 1921 the Division edited and published 68 bulletins present- ing the results of surveys or studies made in industrial plants or of research in the fields of agriculture, commerce, home economics, industry and trade, emergency war training, reeducation of the dis- abled, and employment management, which had been carried on inde- pendently or in cooperation with other agencies (among them the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, the Engineer Chief's Office, the Quartermaster General's Office, the Shipping Board, the Agriculture Department, and the Children's Bureau), Records: Interfiled with those of the Board in the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency. RESEARCH DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Commerce De- partment.—Organized as the Research Section in 1915 and became a Division in 1918. Name changed to Statistical Research Division in 1925. Functions; To compile trade statistics of foreign countries, prepare statistical publications, translate trade material from for- eign-language papers and periodicals, and undertake general research work. During the war it assisted in the general war work of the Bureau and furnished war agencies with statistical compilations and lists of references on economic topics. Records; In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. U90 RESEARCH DIVISION, Research and Statistics Bureau, War Trade Board.— Organized on October 15, 1917, as the Research Bureau of the Board, taking over functions previously performed by the Research Division of the Export Licenses Bureau of the former Exports Administrative Board, Became a division of the Research and Statistics Bureau on November 12, 1918. Transferred on June 30, 1919, to the War Trade Board Section, State Department. Functions: To compile informa- tion concerning the export trade of the United States and economic conditions in foreign countries. Records: 1917-19 (llii feet) in the State Department, Include studies of the trade and commodities of foreign countries. RESEARCH DIVISION, SCIENTIFIC, Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- raent.--See SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION. RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS SECTION, Administrative Division, National Research Council.—Established as a committee in 1916 with George E. Hale as Chairman, followed by R. H. Chittenden, In 1917 it became a Section under the chairmanship of John C. Merriam, and in 1918 it was combined with the State Council Relations Section to form the Relations with Educational Institutions and State Commit- tees Section in the General Relations Division. Functions; Through its action numerous universities and colleges established research committees, which cooperated with the Council by encouraging scien- tific research in educational institutions and cooperating with local industries in the development and application of research methods. Records: In the National Research Council. RESEARCH INFORMATION SERVICE, National Research Council.—Originally established on December 12, 1917, as the Research Information Com- mittee, with the joint approval of the Secretaries of War and the Navy and with the approval of the Council of National Defense. S. W, Stratton, representing the National Research Council, was ap- pointed Chairman of the Committee, which also included the Chief of Military Intelligence and the Director of Naval Intelligence. Branch committees were organized at once in Paris and London and later in Rome, the membership of each consj sting of a military attache, a naval attache, and a scientific Following an order of the Secretary of 7/ar on July 2, 1918, directing that an officer from each military bureau be appointed to represent his bureau on the Committee, the Committee was reorganized and renamed the Research Information Service. In addition to the representatives of military bureaus, representatives of naval bureaus and certain civil bureaus were also appointed. On May 29, 1919, the Service was organized for peacetime activities under the Council, with Robert M, Yerkes as Chairman. Functions: * To obtain, classify, and disseminate scien- tific, technical, and industrial research information relating es- pecially to war problems, and to bring about the interchange of such information between the Allies and the United States. Records; In the National Research Council. Include correspondence, research in- formation from foreign and other sources, and material on problems, procedures, and results of research. RESEARCH TECHNICAL SECTION, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—'Created during the latter half of 1917 as the Re- search Technical Staff. Cooperated with several universities, tech- nical schools, the National Research Council, and certain Government bureaus. Four experiment stations under its jurisdiction conducted experiments concerning processes for the fixation of atmospheric kn nitrogen. In time its functions were apparently taken over by the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory of the same Division. Functions: To have charge of special research work in connection with the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and to have jurisdiction over the experiment stations. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. RESERVATIONS AND TITLES DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, tfar Department.—In existence before the war. Functions; To consider questions of title and jurisdiction arising in connection with the lands held by the Government for military purposes, and to prepare leases and licenses and other instruments affecting these lands. During the war period, its functions also included the examination of abstracts and the approval of the title to lands acquired under suspensions of the statutory provisions requiring approval by the Attorney General of all titles to lands acquired by the United States. Records; In the Judge Advocate General's Office, War De- partment. RESERVE DEPOT AND SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH. Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—On May 13, 1919, the Army Reserve Depot Subdivision and the Space Allotment and Warehouse Handling Methods Branches of the former Domestic Operations Division were consolidated to form this Branch. It re- mained in the Division when the latter was renamed Storage Adminis- tration Division in 1919. Functioned through five Sections, as follows: Army Reserve Operating, Space Allotment, Motor Storage, Contract, and Ordnance Liaison, Abolished about January 26, 1920. Functions; To have charge of the operation of the Amy reserve de- pots; tosupervise warehouse handling methods in use at camps and depots under the jurisdiction of the Quartermaster General and the Director of Purchase and Storage; and to keep space records of all leased and Government-ormed property in the continental United States under the jurisdiction of the Quartermaster General. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. RESERVE DEPOT SUBDIVISION, ARMY, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See ARMY RESERVE DEPOT SUBDIVISION. RESERVE DIVISION, ARMY, Adjutant General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY RESERVE DIVISION. RESOURCES AND CONVERSION SECTION, Finished Products Division, War In- dustries Board.—Created on May 27, 1918, and absorbed the Indus- trial Inventory Section of the Council of National Defense. Appears to have been designated also as the Resources and Conversion Divi- sion. Discontinued on December 21, 1916, Functions; To act as a clearinghouse for gathering and disseminating information; to help convert plants to war uses without unnecessary loss to manufactur- ers; and, by assisting manufacturers, to become a mobilizing point for industrial capacity. Records: 1916-18 (282 feet) in NA, In- clude correspondence pertaining to a plant survey made by the Gen- eral Engineer Depot late in 1917; industrial inventories and surveys, 1916-18, with related card records and indexes; and fragmentary rec- ords (2h feet) of regional offices at Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Seattle, 1518. h9 2 RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR SUB- COMMISSION, Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of Penalties Commission, Peace Conference.—Appointed by and re- ported to the Commission. Robert Lansing, Chairman, Functions: To consider whether, on the facts established by the Criminal Acts Subcommission with respect to conduct taking place in the course of hostilities, prosecutions could be instituted, and if they could be instituted, to report as to the guilty parties and the court before which prosecutions should take place. Records: Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAR SUBCOMMISSION, Responsibility of the Author of the War and Enforcement of Penalties Commission, Peace Confer- ence.—Appointed by and reported to the Commission. Sir Gordon Hewart and Sir Ernest Pollock, alternate Chairmen, Functions: To consider whether, on the facts established by the Criminal Sets Sub- commission in respect to the conduct which brought about the World War, prosecutions could be instituted and, if they could be insti- tuted, to report as to the guilty parties and the court before which prosecutions should take place. Records: Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS OF THE WAR AND ENFORCEMENT OF PENALTIES COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—Created at the second plenary session of the Peace Conference on January 25, 1915. Composed of 15 members 2 from each of the 5 Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan), and 5 elected from among the Powers with special interests (Belgium, Greece, Poland, Rumania, and Serbia). Had three subcommissions. American members, Robert Lansing and James Brown Scott. Lansing, Chairman. Functions: To inquire into and report upon the responsibility of the authors of the war, the facts as to breaches of the laws and customs of war, the degree of responsibility for these offenses, the constitution and procedure of a tribunal appropriate for the trial of these offenses, and any other matters cognate or ancillary which might arise in the course of the inquiry. Records: Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. Probably other pertinent records are among the Lansing papers in the Library of Congress. References: Foreign Relations Committee, Senate, Treaty of Peace With Germany, Hearings, 309, 310, 313-315 (66 Cong., 1 sess. , S. Doc. 106, serial 7"6o5. Washington, 1919). RESTAURANTS DIVISION, HOTELS AND, Food Administration.--See HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS DIVISION. RETAIL ADVISERS, WHOLESALE AND, Administrative Divisio", Fuel Admin- istration.—See WHOLESALE AND RETAIL ADVISERS. RETAIL DIVISION, WHOLESALE AND, Food Administration.—See WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DIVISION. RETAIL FISH SECTION, Wholesale and Retail Division, Food Administra- tion.—Established in June 1918 to continue work relating to the retail distribution of fish formerly handled by the Fisheries Sec- tion of the Perishable Food' Division. Also known as Retail Fish- eries Section. Terminated in November 1918. Functions; To survey the retail fish tradej to encourage the use of those varieties of U93 fish that were plentiful and low-priced as a substitute for meat; to supervise the licensing of the distribution of fresh and frozen fish; to eliminate waste in marketing; and to improve marketing conditions, for example, by enforcing the sale of fish by weight and under true names. Records: 1918 (2 feet) in NA. Correspond- ence, requests for information, and reports on the costs and sell- ing prices of fish. RETAIL PRICE SECTION, State Organizations Bureau, Administrative Divi- sion, Fuel Administration.—See STATE ORGANIZATIONS BUREAU. RETAIL PRICES, COMMITTEE ON FIXING OF, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See PRICE CONTROL COMMIT- TEE. RETAIL STORES SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.— Created in August 1917; terminated in January 1919. Functions: To enlist the cooperation of retail merchants in utilizing their advertising facilities for food-conservation publicity; and to sup- ply them with suggestions for window displays, newspaper advertising, store demonstrations, and publications for distribution. Records: 1917-19 (12 feet) in NA. Correspondence, clippings, notes on con- ferences, bulletins and leaflets, and copies of "Retail Store Fly- ers ." RETURNING SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS, BUREAUS FOR.—A plan for establishing these units was adopted in early December 1918 at a conference in Washington, sponsored by the Employment Service, of representatives of welfare and Government organizations concerned with demobilization. Subsequently 2,?9ii Bureaus for Returning Soldiers and Sailors and War Workers were established throughout the country to cooperate with the Employment Service. Each was controlled by a Management Board, composed of representatives of the local branches or organizations participating in the coopera- tive scheme, the elected chairman of which was appointed as a "dollar-a-year" special agent of the Labor Department. Between October 1, 1919, and June 30, 1920, the burden of the work was gradually assumed by employment bureaus of the States. Functions: To serve as local clearinghouses for employment opportunities for returning soldiers, sailors, marines, and civilian war workers. The Bureaus served as agencies for the coordination of the work of the Employment Service (beginning with advance registration in the embarkation and demobilization camps) and of the employment activi- ties of local organizations such as churches, lodges, draft boards, chambers of commerce, trade unions, the Federal Board for Vocation- al Education, and the Council of National Defense, or of the local branches of the various welfare organizations such as the American National Red Gross, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women’s Christian Association, the National Catholic War Coun- cil, the Jewish Welfare Board, the Salvation Array, and the War Camp Community Service. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Few of the bu- reaus and organizations made regular reports. For the type of rec- ords kept in the States see the Inventory of Records of World War Emergency Activities (19Ul) of the Minnesota Historical Records Survey, References: Labor Department, Reports, 1919, p. 911-913; 1920, p. 283, 925>-926; Committee on Public Information, Official U. S. Bulletin, March 15, 26, June 5, 1919. h9h REVENUE BUREAU, INTERNAL, Treasury Department.-—See INTERNAL REVENUE BUREAU. REVIEW BOARD, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Existed by June 21, 1918. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, October 22, 1918, its func- tions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions; At daily meetings, to pass on all contract awards of orders aggregating $5,000 and over and of all orders of less than $5,000 to other than the lowest bidder, and on certain other categories of contract awards. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, REVIEW BOARD, Military Justice Division, Judge Advocate General’s Of- fice, War Department.--See MILITARY JUSTICE DIVISION. REVIEW BOARD, Navy Department.—Created by order of the Secretary of the Navy of December 16, 1918. The Senior Member was Capt. Robert L. Russell, who was also the Senior Member of the Board of Appraisal for Merchant and Private Vessels. Known at first as the "Board To Determine Method of Disposal of Certain Vessels of the Navy and Negotiate Proceedings for Such Disposal," and after January 17, 1919, as the Board of Review. On the latter date the members of this Board were also designated members of a "Board To Determine Sum To Be Paid Owners Upon Return of Leased Vessels." Headquarters in New York City. The district sections of the Joint Merchant Ves- sel Board inspected vessels to be disposed of by sale, and local boards of appraisal inspected leased vessels. Terminated on March 15, 1922, Functions: To determine the value of vessels taken over by the Navy Department and to make recommendations and carry on negotiations as to their disposal. Records: 1917-22 (21 feet) in NA, General files. Included are records of the Board of Appraisal for Merchant and Private Vessels and of the Board To Determine Sum To Be Paid Owners Upon Return of Leased Vessels. REVIEW BOARD, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—Established on September 7, 1918. Functions; To review contracts and, in general, to protect the interests of the Government In the awarding of contracts and orders. Records; Among those of the Office in NA. REVIEW JOINT BOARD FOR THE DISPOSAL OF TROOP TRANSPORTS.—See JOINT BOARD OF REVIEW. RICE COM}.1!TTEES, Food Administration.—These were two bodies, the Southern Rice Committee and the California Rice Committee, appointed on July 26, 1918, by the Food Administration, with headquarters in Beaumont, Tex., and Sacramento, Calif., respectively. The Grain Corporation acted as fiscal agent for these Committees, and their expenses were paid by the rice millers. They cooperated with the Rice Division, later the Rice Section of the Cereal Division, of the Administration. Terminated in December 1918. Functions: To carry out agreements between the Food Administration and rice mill- ers, and to supervise the grading, classification, and sale of rough rice. Records: 1918 (1 foot) in NA. Interfiled with rec- ords of the Bean Division, Grain Corporation. Included are copies of the minutes of the Committees. h9S PUCE SECTION, Cereal Division, Food Administration,—Created in the fall of 1917 as a Section of the Distribution Division and in the following spring became the Rice Division. In September 1918 it became the Rice Section of the Cereal Division. Supervision of the grading, allocation, and sale of rice was handled through the South- ern Rice Committee and the California Rice Committee (see RICE COM- MITTEES). Rice regulations were enforced until June 21, 1919. Func- tions : To control the importation and distribution of rice and the manufacture of rice flour. Records: 1917-19 (5 feet) in NA. Cor- respondence, monthly reports of millers and dealers, millers* weekly stock reports, and a record of rice allotments to the Army, the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Grain Corporation. RIFLE BRANCH, Small Arms Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See ARMS BRANCH. RIVER AND HARBOR DIVISION, Civil Works Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—Established prior to the war. Became the River and Harbor Section of the Civil Division upon the estab- lishment of that Di-vision prior to the end of 1918. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to river and harbor improvements. 'Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. RIVERS AND HARBORS, BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department .—See ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS BOARD. ROADS AND SANITATION SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Divi- sion, War Department.—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Canton- ment Division, Quartermaster General's Office. Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division upon its organization on March 13, 1918. Functions; To prepare plans for roads and sanitation fa- cilities in connection with the construction work of the Army. Rec- ords; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. ROADS BUREAU, PUBLIC, Agriculture Department.—See PUBLIC ROADS BUREAU. ROENTGENOLOGY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.— Established on July 10, 1918. On December 1, 1918, it became a Sec- tion of the Surgery Division. Functions; To exercise supervision in matters relating to the use of the X-ray in the military service, including the procuring of equipment, the procuring and training of commissioned personnel, and the organizing of the X-ray service throughout the military establishment. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. ROLLING KITCHENS SECTION, Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See KITCHEN AND GAMP EQUIPMENT BRANCH. ROOM REGISTRATION OFFICE, Council of National Defense.—See HOMES REGISTRATION AND INFORMATION DIVISION, Housing Corporation. ROOT MISSION.—See SPECIAL DIPLOMATIC MISSION TO RUSSIA. ROUTING SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bu- reau, Navy Department .—Established with the creation of the Divi- sion in March 1918. Functions; To designate routings not only U96 between navy yards but from contractors' plants to yards and from subcontractors to contractors, in such a manner as would avoid con- gested and embargoed districts so far as possible. Records: Proba- bly among the general files of the Bureau, in NA. RUBBER AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See CHEM- ISTRY OF RUBBER AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES COMMITTEE. RUBBER AND LEATHER SECTION, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. RUBBER AND RUBBER GOODS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—See RUBBER SECTION, RUBBER BRANCH, LEATHER AND, Clothing and Equipage Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION. RUBBER BRANCH, SHOES, LEATHER, AND, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SHOES, LEATHER, AND RUBBER BRANCH. RUBBER COMMITTEE, ALLIED.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. RUBBER COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Ap- pointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee on April 13, 1917. The members resigned in the fall of 1918, and the work was continued by the Rubber War Service Committee. Functions: To aid in securing as quickly as possible an adequate supply of rubber for the Government. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. RUBBER SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.— Organized on August 5 and discontinued on December 21, 1918. Also known as the Rubber and Rubber Goods Section. Functions: To regu- late the rubber industry and to see that all the available capacity of the industry was devoted primarily to military Government re- quirements, Records; Among those of the Board in NA, RUSH DELIVERY SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bu- reau, Navy Department.—Created in the Purchase Division on April 10, 1917, and transferred to the Inland Traffic Section of the Bu- reau on March 30, 1918. Functions: To expedite the shipment and delivery of material contracted for by the Navy Department. Rec- ords : Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. RUSSIA, SPECIAL DIPLOMATIC MISSION TO THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF,— See SPECIAL DIPLOMATIC MISSION TO RUSSIA. RUSSIA ADVISORY COMMISSION, RAILWAYS EXPERTS TO.—See RAILWAY EXPERTS TO RUSSIA ADVISORY COMMISSION. RUSSIAN AFFAIRS DIVISION, State Department.—Originated in the Near Eastern Affairs Division on October 16, 1917. Established as a separate Division by Departmental Order No. IJ4.6 of August 13, 1919. U97 In 1922 the name was changed to Eastern European Affairs Division. Functions: To exercise general supervision over matters pertaining to Russia (including Siberia), a function which naturally Increased with the revolutionary upheavals in that country. Records: In the Communications and Records Division, State Department. RUSSIAN BUREAU, INC.—Incorporated as the "War Trade Soar'd of the United States Russian Bureau, Incorporated," in the State of Con- necticut on November 5, 1913, with capital stock of $5,000,000 owned by the United States Government. The members of the War Trade Board became the directors of the Corporation, and the Chair- man of the Board became its President. By Executive Order No. 309ii-A, June 5, 1919, and Executive Order No. 3099-A, June 2h, 1919, the Russian Bureau was dissolved and provision was made that its funds be used by the Secretary of State to finance the Interallied Railway Committee and to maintain the Trans-Siberian and Chinese Eastern Railways. Functions: To provide and facilitate economic assistance to It arranged for the shipping of supplies for the American National Red Cross, railway material for the Trans- Siberian Railway, and military equipment for the Czechoslovakian forces in Siberia. Records; 1918-19 (32 feet) in State Depart- ment. Include correspondence with the Bureau’s representatives in Russia, general correspondence, cables, applications for positions, and memoranda. References: Harold A. Van Dom, Government Owned Corporations, 255-257 (New York, 1926); State Department, foreign delations, 1918, Russia, vol. 3, p. 165, 170-171; 1919, Russia, 2U3-2Ui, 251, 265-266, 383-381:. RUSSIAN RAILWAY SERVICE CORPS.—A semimilitary organization of Ameri- can railway engineers and technicians formed by the State Depart- ment in September 1917 at the request of the Provisional Government of Russia. Tne first contingent of 350 men under the command of Col, George Emerson arrived in Vladivostok on December 1U, 1917. Shortly after, they left for Nagasaki, Japan, because of unsettled conditions. In March 1918 the Corps returned to Russia and began its work under the direction of John F. Stevens, Chairman of the Advisory Commission of Railway Experts to Russia and later President of the Interallied Technical Board. Evacuation of the entire Corps from Siberia was completed by July 1920. Functions; To operate the Trans-Siberian, Chinese Eastern, and Ussuri Railways. Records: 1917-20 (combined with those of the Interallied Technical Board, 1919-22, total 91 feet) in NA, Include files of the commanding officer, the quartermaster, the district and division inspectors, and the Washington office. References; State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, Russia, vol, 3, p. 183-307; 1919, Russia, passim; 1920, vol. 3, p. 1:36-569. 1*98 s SABOTAGE SUBSECTION, LABOR AND, Foreign Influence, Enemy Propaganda Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War DepartmentSee FOREIGN INFLUENCE, ENEMY PROPAGANDA SECTION. SADDLERY ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION, NATIONAL HARNESS AND.—See NATIONAL HARNESS AND SADDLERY ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION. SAFEGUARDING OF MORAL AND SPIRITUAL FORCES, DEPARTMENT FOR THE, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See HEALTH AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT. SAFETY AND SANITATION BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on March A, 1918, Functions: To promote in ordnance plants the work of Government, State, and private organizations concerned with safety and sanitation measures; to make studies of safety, sanita- tion, and health in such plants; and to make recommendations as to standards. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. SAFETY BRANCH, Engineering Section, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established some time after the organiza- tion of the Division in July 1917. Functions: To handle the work of accident prevention for the Division and to inspect its plants in order to see that safety standards were enforced; to study work- ing conditions, make recommendations for the elimination of accident hazards, and prepare statistical data concerning accidents; to carry on campaigns of safety education; and to organize guard systems, fire departments, salvage corps, and inspection squads to conduct the work of accident prevention within the plants. Records: Prob- ably with those of the Office in NA. SAFETY BUREAU, Interstate Commerce Commission.—Organized in 1911 as the Safety Appliances Division; redesignated in 1914 as the Safety Division and in 1917 as the Safety Bureau, Functions: To receive and check reports of carriers, particularly in the matter of em- ployees' hours of service; to inspect appliances with which carrier facilities are equipped; to investigate accidents; to study, test, and report upon safety devices; and to report violations of safety appliance and hours of service laws to the appropriate United States attorneys for possible prosecution. During the period of the war, all infractions of the law on railroads under control of the Rail- road Administration were reported to the Director General of Rail- roads for action. Violations on other railroads continued to be handled as before. From January 1 to March 14, 1918, a number of inspectors of the Safety Bureau were specially assigned to investi- gate railroad traffic congestion at the principal railroad terminals in the northeastern States and the movement of oil and empty tank cars in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. Records: 1911-42 (2,000 feet, of wldch 315 feet are in NA and the remainder in the custody of the Interstate Commerce Commission). Include confidential re- ports of accidents, reports on hours of labor, files relating to 499 suits for violations of safety appliance and hours of service laws, hearings on air-brake investigations, annual reports of carriers on the condition of block signals, inspectors' reports on automatic train controls, and plans and specifications for automatic train controls. SAFETY ENGINEERING DIVISION, Working Conditions Service, Labor De- partment,—Organized on January 1, 1919, and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Cooperated with the Bureau of Standards. Functions: To maintain war production by reducing labor turnover resulting from industrial accidents, and to formulate standards for mechanical safety in industry. Records: Whereabouts unknown. SAFETY ENGINEERING SECTION, Industrial Relations Division, Construc- tion Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— Originated with the appointment of a Chief Safety Digineer in the Insurance Department of the Auditing Division on January 7, 1918. On May 7, 1918, the Safety Engineering Group was attached to the Industrial Service Department, becoming a separate Section of the Industrial Relations Division on June 4, 1918, Abolished on April 5, 1919. Functions: To consult with and, if necessary, to create safety organizations in shipbuilding plants; to prepare studies leading to administrative action for the removal of causes of dan- ger to employees; and to inspect plant conditions, equipment, and practices from the point of view of safety features. Records: 1918-19 (15 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, notes, and mem- oranda relating to safety devices and appliances, industrial acci- dents, and safety work in general; survey and accident reports from the District Safety Engineers; and the files of three of the District Safety Engineers. SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR LOADING AND EXPLOSIVE PLANTS, BOARD TO SUPER- VISE AND ENFORCE, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Created by Office Order No. 321 of the Chief of Ordnance on August 28, 1918, The last meeting of the Board was held on October 30, 1918, at which time certain codes were adopted. Functions: To formulate, pro- mulgate, and enforce safety regulations for loading and explosive plants. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. SAFETY SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Administration,—Created on February 19, 1918; terminated on May 1, 1920, Functions: To promote the safety of railroad employees and passengers; to educate railroad employees in safety requirements; and to discover unsafe practices. The Section worked with safety committees that had been organized on all railroads. Enforcement of safety laws was handled by the Mechanical Department of the Division, Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934. SAILING VESSEL BRANCH, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Con- trol Committee, Shipping Board.—Organized in February 1918, After December 1918 its work wao carried on by the Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. Functions: Together with the Sailing Vessel Department, Operations Division, it had jurisdiction over sailing vessels under the control of the Shipping Board. Records: 1918-20 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence and reports pertaining to the operation of Norwegian sailing vessels. 500 SAILING VESSEL DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Organized in January 1913. Termi- nated in October 1919, when its functions were taken over by other departments in the Division. Functions: In conjunction with the Sailing Vessel Branch, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board, it maintained general super- vision over sailing vessels under the control of the Board. Rec- ords: 1918-20 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, and memo- randa. SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS BUREAUS, RETURNING SOLDIERS AND.—See RETURN- ING SOLDIERS AfTD SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS BUREAUS. SAILORS EMERGENCY COMMITTEE, EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS AND, Arsenals Director’s Office, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— See EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS EMERGENCY COMMITTEE. SAILORS EMERGENCY COMMITTEE, EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS AND, Council of National Defense.—See EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS EMER- GENCY COMMITTEE. SALE OF BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE, Claims Board, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See CLAIMS BOARD. SALE OF MATERIALS SUBCOMMITTEE, Claims Board, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—See CLAIMS BOARD. SALES BOARD, GOVERNING, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GOVERNING SALES BOARD. SALES BOARD ON UNSERVICEABLE PROPERTY, GOVERNING, Purchase and Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GOVERNING SALES BOARD ON UN- SERVICEABLE PROPERTY. SALES BRANCH, Construction Division, Housing Corporation.—Organized on December 1, 1918, Included the Office of Custodian of Salvaged Property, created on June 15, 1919. On June 30, 1919, it became the Sales Division. Functions: To dispose of materials for sev- eral housing projects abandoned after the signing of the armistice. It formulated policies, made recommendations, and kept a record of sales. Records: 1918-20 (25 feet) in NA. Include general corre- spondence, journal vouchers, invoices, and bills for material. SALES BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on December 17, 1918, and approved by Supply Circular No. 16 of February 27, 1919. Operated through the following Sections: Administrative, Building Materials, Contract, Export Sales, Machine Tools, Motor Vehicles and Aircraft, Ordnance and Ordnance Stores, Plant Facilities, Quartermaster Stores, Raw Materials and Scrap, Sales Promotion, and Transfer and Inventory. Also exercised supervision over the Sales Review Board and the Superior Board of Sales Control. In existence on June 30, 1920. Functions; To direct the sale of surplus supplies, equipment, plants, and lands; to determine sales policies; to study market conditions; to centralize the sales publicity issued by the Depart- ment; to handle negotiations for the sale of surplus property 501 to foreign governments; and to direct the compilation of records covering sales of surpluses. Records: Whereabouts unknown. SALES BUREAU, Alien Property Custodian.—Created on August 23, 1913, as a result of the broadening of the power of sale granted to the Alien Property Custodian. In that year the Corporation Management Department was transferred to it from the Trusts Bureau, only to become later a separate Division. The Bureau included Appraisal and Merchandise Departments, a Selling Division, and a Supervision and Liquidation Division, Apparently abolished in 1920. Functions: To handle all sales of enemy property authorized by the Trading With the Enemy Act and amendments. Records; 1918-20 (9 feet) in NA. Include orders of sale, minutes of meetings, correspondence, and financial accounts. The records of some of the subdivisions are among those of the Corporation Management Division in NA. SALES CONTROL, SUPERIOR BOARD OF, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See SUPERIOR BOARD OF SALES CONTROL. SALES DIVISION, SUPPLY AND, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See SUPPLY AND SALES DIVISION. SALES PROMOTION SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on April 15, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1920. Functions: To find markets for the disposal of surplus materials held by the Department, to plan publicity campaigns to this end, and to follow market conditions and suggest methods of sale. Records: Where- abouts unknown. SALES REVIEW BOARD, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about March 1, 1919, and still in existence on June 30, 1920. Composed of members of the Sales Branch. Functions: To clear sales and to reconmend ’ sales methods and general policies to the Director of Sales. Rec- ords: Whereabouts unknown. SALES SECTION, Supply and Sales Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on June 11, 1919, as the successor to the Assistant in Charge of Salvage, appointed March 6, 1919. In the reorganization of the Supply and Sales Division on August 1, 1920, the functions of this Section were turned over to the Sales Section of the Warehouse and Sales Department, and on April 1, 1921, this was succeeded by the Sales Section of the Liquidating Department. Functions: To receive records of and review sales transactions, and to negotiate sales of surplus or salvage property, materials, and supplies. Records: 1919-22 (15 feet) in NA. Include correspondence relating to prices, auditing, and receipts; reports of sales; lists of sales; sales receipts; and correspondence relating to sales to other governmental agencies. Further and more complete material relating to the ac- tivities of the Sales Section will be found in the general files of the Division. SALES SECTION, DOMESTIC, External Relations Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See EXTERNAL RELATIONS BRANCH. 502 SALES SUPERVISION BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Direc- tor’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— Established about January 1, 1919. Operated through the following Sections* Catalogue, Preferred Sales, Sample, Zone Sales, and Zone Service. Abolished about June 9, 1919. Functions* To super- vise, coordinate, and unify sales policies, programs, and operations of the commodity branches of the Division; to have charge of sales in the various zones; and to furnish sales ideas and leads to negotiators. Recordst Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SAIldON COMMITTEE, Food Administration,—Appointed on July 15, 1918. Composed of the Federal Food Administrators for Washington, Oregon, California, and Alaska and a representative of the Canned Foods Division, Terminated in February 1919. Functions* First to deter- mine "reasonable prices" to be paid to the fishermen for raw salmon taken from the various streams in the above States and Alaska, then to investigate and recommend the amount that should be allowed to cover the cost of converting the raw fish into canned salmon, and thus to establish the maximum prices at which canned salmon could be sold. Records: The work of the Committee can be followed in field records of the Administration, particularly in those for Oregon and Alaska, in NA. Referencest William C. Mullendore, His- tory of the United States Food Administration. 1917-1919. 273-277 (Stanford University, 1941). SALT REQUIREMENTS OF CERTAIN CULTIVATED PLANTS COMMITTEE, PHYSIOLOGI- CAL, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division, National Research Council.—See PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT REQUIREMENTS OF CERTAIN CULTIVATED PLANTS COMMITTEE. SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Established on June 14, 1918, with the union of the former Salvage and Gardening Branches. (The Salvage Branch had been established on January 26, 1918, as part of the Reclamation Division, and on April 22 had become a branch of the Conservation and Reclamation Division, operat- ing through the following Sections* Cotton; Fertilizer and Garbage; Metal; Rubber and Leather; Traffic; Waste Paper; and Woolen. The Gardening Branch had been part of the Subsistence Division prior to April 22, 1918, when it was transferred to the Conservation and Reclamation Division.) Abolished on October 25, 1918, when its duties were taken over by the Salvage Division of the Office of the Director of Storage. Functions; To collect and dispose of waste products, and to supervise agricultural activities on lands owned or leased by the Government, Records* Probably among those of the Office in NA. SALVAGE BOARD, ORDNANCE, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.— See ORDNANCE SALVAGE BOARD. SALVAGE BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. SALVAGE BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Di- vision, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's 503 Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, In existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions} To be responsible for the delivery of the following classes of supplies to ports of embarkation, and for obtaining the necessary priorities and releases relating theretot Shoe repairing material and machines; clothing renovation and equipage material and machines; laundry equipage material and machines; and miscellaneous equipage, material, machines, and parts. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General*s Office in NA. SALVAGE BRANCH, Reclamation Division, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division. SALVAGE DIVISION, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No, 1 of October 19, 1918, and included the following Branches} Administrative; Canvas Repair; Clothing Renovation; Farms; Laundries; Repair Shops; Shoes and Harness Repair; and Waste Materials. The Conservation and Reclamation Division of the Quartermaster General's Office, by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 7 of October 25, 1918, was transferred to this Division. In existence on June 30, 1920. Func- tions: To have charge of the repair of clothing and equipage; laun- dering and dry cleaning; contracts for the renovation of clothing and equipage; the development of agricultural, mineral, and forest lands for the benefit of the Army; and the organization and training of men of Army units for salvage work. To establish repair shops, laundries, base salvage plants, printing plants, wagon-repair shops, and carpentry shops. To supervise and control the conservation of food and the disposition of garbage and other refuse, including junk, bags, paper, rope, and similar items. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SALVAGE DIVISION, CANCELLATIONS, ADJUSTMENT, AND, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CONSTRUCTION CLAIMS BOARD. SALVAGE SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Di- vision, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH. SALVAGE SECTION, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—Established in the latter part of 1918. Functions: To dispose of materials taken over upon the termination of activi- ties. Records t Probably among those of the Office in NA. SALVAGE SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the war. Operated in cooperation with the Supply Section. Functions: To have charge of the salvage and sale of refuse and scrap material gathered in the various navy yards for the purpose of preventing the sale of any of this material that the Navy could use. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. 504 SALVAGE SECTION, Storage Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See STORAGE SUMMARIES BRANCH. SALVAGED PROPERTY CUSTODIAN'S OFFICE, Sales Branch, Construction Di- vision, Housing Corporation.—See SALES BRANCH. SALVARSAN SUBCOMMITTEE, Legislation Comnittee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Comnittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed prior to April 29, 1917, as a one-man com- mittee. By May 1918, as the salvarsan patents had been placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission and production was proceeding, the Subcommittee ceased functioning. Functions: To investigate and report on the situation relating to salvarsan, patents for the manufacture of which were held at the beginning of the war by alien firms. Recordst Some may be among those of the Council in NA. SANITARY COMMISSION, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED SANITARY COMMISSION, SANITARY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, "War Department.—See SANITATION DIVISION. SANITARY ENGINEERING SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Established on January 1, 1918. Included a Fly and Mosquito Control Subsection. After the war its functions decreased, and by 1920 only a small staff remained. Functions: To investigate and to make recommendations regarding sanitary en- gineering problems, such as water supply, sewage treatment and dis- posal, garbage collection and disposal, and mosquito and fly control Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. SANITARY INSPECTION SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Established on January 1, 1918, in order to coordinate the inspection work of the Division with the profes- sional and technical inspections made by other divisions' of the Of- fice. The inspections differed from those made by the Inspector General's Office in that they were largely technical rather than of a purely military nature. The functions of the Section were greatly restricted as a result of the decentralizing policy estab- lished by General Orders, No. 132, of December 19, 1919, which placed upon commanders of territorial departments the responsi- bility for the sanitary conditions at many stations formerly under the direct control of the War Department. This Section was also called the Inspection Section. Functions: To conduct sanitary inspections of camps, cantonments, posts, hospitals, and Student Army Training Corps unitsj and to make technical inspections as to food, diets, food conservation, vermin control, sanitary engineer- ing, and mosquito control* Records> Probably among those of the Office in NA. SANITARY REPORTS AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—In existence before the war. Functions; To collect, compile, and publish data concerning conditions af- fecting the public health, particularly concerning the prevalence and distribution of disease. Records: Some for the war period are among those of the Service in NA. Included are reports of morbidity statistics. 505 SANITATION BRANCH, SAFETY AND, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Sea SAFETY AND SANITATION BRANCH. SANITATION COMMITTEE, HYGIENE AND, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See HYGIENE AND SANITATION COMMITTEE. SANITATION COMMITTEE, MEDICINE AND, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See MEDICINE AND SANITATION COMMITTEE. SANITATION CONDITIONS AT POISON GAS FACTORIES SECTION, Physiological Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Organized in August 1917; transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To inspect chlorine and other plants; to select and train inspectors; and to develop methods for the treatment of chronic gas poisoning. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, p. 23 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). SANITATION DIVISION, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department,—In existence before the war. During the war it expanded its duties greatly and operated through the following Sections: Communicable Diseases, Current Statistics, Food and Nutrition, Medical Records, Miscellaneous, Physical Standards and Examinations, Sanitary In- spection, and Student Army Training Corps. Also known as the Sani- tary Division. Functions: To handle matters relating to the health and well-being of troops and the sanitation of camps, cantonments, permanent posts, hospitals, ports of embarkation, transports, and military trains. Included, among other duties, were the physical examination and selection of recruits and registrants, the physical examination of soldiers prior to demobilization, and the direction of medico-military activities in camps, cantonments, and other stations insofar as they related to the functions of the Office. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. SANITATION SECTION, Welfare Work Subcommittee, Labor Committee, Ad- visory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917* Its work was curtailed after the organization of the Working Conditions Service of the War Labor Administration, Labor Department, in July 1918. Functions: To investigate sanitary conditions and to issue pamphlets dealing with industrial fatigue, lighting, ventilation, and other matters affecting the health and efficiency of workers. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. SANITATION SECTION, HEALTH AND, Industrial Relations Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion,—See HEALTH AND SANITATION SECTION. SANITATION SECTION, ROADS AND, Engineering Branch, Construction Di- vision, War Department.—See ROADS AND SANITATION SECTION. SAVINGS COMMITTEE, NATIONAL WAR, Treasury Department,—See NATIONAL WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE. 506 SAVINGS DIVISION, War Loan Organization, Treasury Department.—Created in October 1918 to take over the work previously carried on by the National War Savings Committee. This Division was placed under the Public Debt Service of the Treasury Department in 1921. Terminated on November 15» 1924. Functions: To make clear to the people of the United States their duty in regard to the financial problems resulting from the war, particularly as those problems had to do with Government finance; to promote the sale of savings securities; and to improve the market for all Government securities. Records: 1917- (69 feet) in the Public Debt Bureau, Treasury Department. Include correspondence and publicity material. Records of the War Savings Committee for the Kansas City Federal Reserve District, 1918- (40 feet), are in NA. SCHEDULES BRANCH, Production Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on October 1, 1917; transferred to the Production Division by Gun Division Order No, 53 of January 17, 1918, Functions: To be responsible for seeing that each plant had on hand the required components or parts for processing or assembling Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. SCHEDULES SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Di- vision, Quartermaster General's Office, Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division upon its organization on Uarch 13> 1918. Functions: To prepare schedules for construction work at Army camps and cantonments. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. SCHOOL AND HOME GARDENING DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Depart- ment.—See SCHOOL GARDEN ARMY. SCHOOL BOARD SERVICE DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Department,— Organized in October 1918, James R. Hanna appointed as Director on November 4. Terminated in July 1919. Functions: To furnish school officers with names and data concerning available teachers for va- cancies in public schools, colleges, and universities, A survey made in October 1918 revealed that some 50,000 schools in the United States had not opened in September as usual because of a lack of teachers resulting from the draft of men for the Army and the at- traction of higher pay for both men and women in other fields. Ac- cordingly, the Division launched a Nation-wide publicity campaign in newspapers and magazines to mobilize latent teaching forces, and subsequently it was able to furnish nominations in response to 15,000 calls for teachers. Records: 1918-19 (1 foot) in NA. Ad- ministrative correspondence, questionnaires, and report , among which is a manuscript entitled "The School Board Servict Division," prepared by J. F. Abel for the Collegiate Alumnae Association in 1920. Most of the records have been destroyed, but some remain in the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, and in the War Plans Division, War Department, References: Education Bureau,’ Teacher Placement, by Public Agencies (Bulletin, 1921, No. 42, Vrash- ington, 1921), and The National Crisis in Education: an Appeal to the People (Bulletin. 1920, No. 29. Washington, 1920), SCHOOL GARDEN ARMY, Education Bureau, Interior Department.—The ac- tivities of the Division of School and Home Gardening were reorgan- ized and expanded to form the United States School Garden Army in 507 March 1918. This organization terminated on June 30, 1919, when its allotments from the President's National Security and Defense Fund ceased. Some of its work was continued until 1921 under a School-Directed Home Gardening Program, Functions: To promote home and vacant-lot gardening by school children, utilizing mili- tary organizational methods by enlisting the children in "com- panies,” with "officers” drawn from their own ranks, and with all participants designated by distinctive insignia. Records: 1914-19 (4 feet) in NA. Include correspondence with the five regional directors, drafts of garden leaflets, and related reports. Other records remain in the Office of Education, Federal Security A- gency. References: John H. Francis, The United States School Garden Army (Education Bureau, Bulletin, 1919, No. 26, Washington, 1919); Education Bureau, The United States School Garden Army; Home Gardening for City Chiloren of the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Grades (Washington, 1919); School Life, vol. 1, no. 5 (Oct. 1, 1918), the "U, S. School Garden Amy Number," SCHOOL OF NURSING, ARM!, Hospital Division, Surgeon General*s Office, War Department.—See ARMY SCHOOL OF NURSING. SCHOOLS, NAVIGATION AND ENGINEERING, Recruiting Service, Shipping Board.—See NAVIGATION AND ENGINEERING SCHOOLS. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in October 1917 as the Universities and Agricultural Colleges Section of the Home Conservation Division and became the Collegiate Sec- tion in February 1918. In October 1918 it was consolidated with the Elementary and Secondary Education Section of the same Division to form the Schools and Colleges Division. Apparently terminated in December 1918. Functions: To promote food-conservation ac- tivities in educational institutions and to cooperate with the Ed- ucation Bureau, Interior Department, in preparing and distributing pamphlets and courses of stucty on food conservation, such as Food and the War and Food Saving and Sharing. Records: 1917-19 (13 feet) in NA. Correspondence and lists of schools and colleges of- fering food-conservation courses. SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, Council of National Defense.—See NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer1s Office, War Department.—Organized on October 22, 1917. Cooperated with the Bureau of Standards, Commerce Department, and with the National Research Council, Functioned through the following Sections: Aeronautic Instruments, Executive, Signaling, Bomb Sights, Tra- jectories and Stabilizers, Design, and Chemical. Transferred to the Bureau of Aircraft Production on May 20, 1918, as its Air- plane Engineering Division. Functions: To work upon technical problems of the Signal Corps, especially in connection with aero- nautics. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. SCIENTIFIC ALIMENTATION, INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. SCIENTIFIC BRANCH, Technical Section, Ship Construction Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— See TECHNICAL SECTION. 508 SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COMMISSION. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION, Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- ment.—Created in 1901. Included the Hygienic Laboratory, which during the war was composed of the following Divisions* Chemistry, Pathology and Bacteriology, Pharmacology, and Zoology. In 1930 the Laboratory became the National Institute of Health, and on February 1, 1937, the Division was merged with it. Functions* To investigate the diseases of man, including influenza. During the war, jointly with the Division of Domestic Quarantine, to sanitate extra-cantonment zones. Records * Among those of the Service in NA. SCIENTIFIC SECTION, Aircraft Division, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department,—See AIRCRAFT DIVISION. SCRAP IRON SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Com- mittee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in June 1917. Dissolved the following November when its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board. Functions: To keep the superior Com- mittee informed of developments in the industry. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. SCRAP SECTION, IRON AND STEEL, Steel Division, War Industries Board See IRON AND STEEL SCRAP SECTION. SCRAP SECTION, RAW MATERIALS AND, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See RAW MATE- RIALS AND SCRAP SECTION. SCREW THREAD COMMISSION, NATIONAL.—See NATIONAL SCREW THREAD COM- MISSION. SEA SERVICE BUREAU, Recruiting Service, Shipping Board,—Established on July 1, 1917. From September 23, 1919, until July 1, 1934, when the functions were taken over by the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, Commerce Department, it existed sometimes as a Bureau and sometimes as a Section, but its functions did not change materially. Functions: To act as an employment unit to obtain officers and crews for the merchant marine. Records: Among those of the Service in NA. SEA TRAINING BUREAU, Recruiting Service, Shipping Board.—Authorized by the Shipping Board on December 12, 1917. After September 23, 1919, the head of the Bureau reported directly to the Shipping Board* Discontinued in December 1920, Functions: To establish and maintain training stations and ships for training crews for the merchant marine. Records * 1917-20 (590 feet) in NA. Include ap- plications for training, "slop chest cards," and "recruit enrollment cards." [SEAMEN'S] ADVISOR! BOARD TO THE BUREAU OF WAR RISK INSURANCE, Treasury Department.—Established on a per diem basis pursuant to authority granted by the act of June 12, 1917* Consisted of two persons skilled in the practice of accident insurance. It is presumed to 509 have functioned until January U, 1919, when the rates on seamen's insurance were withdrawn. Functions: To advise the Bureau on the adjustment of claims for death, personal injury, or detention under the seamen's insurance program. Recordst Whereabouts unknown. Evidence of the Board's activity may be found among the records of the Seamen's Division in NA.. SEAMEN'S DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury Department.— Established in June 1917 under an act of June 12. The Seamen's Division, although combined with the Marine Division as the Marine and Seamen's Division by an act of October 6, 1917, continued to exist as an administrative division until the rates on seamen's insurance were withdrawn on January 4, 1919. At that time the Division was reduced to the status of a section of the Marine and Seamen's Division. After the abolition of the Bureau in 1921, the administrative work incident to the termination of the seamen's insurance activities continued under the Veterans' Bureau and was completed by September 3, 1924. Functions: To issue seamen's insurance, that is, insurance of masters, other officers, and crews of American merchant vessels against detention, injury, and loss of life resulting from war risks. Records: 1917-24 (94 feet) in NA. Include applications, registers, claims, correspondence, adminis- trative files, indexes, and other papers. SEARCHLIGHTS SECTION, Electrical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of En- gineers, War Department.—See ELECTRICAL DIVISION. SECOND ASSISTANT SECRETARY'S OFFICE, War Department,—Created on April 11, 1918. Incumbent also designated as Director of the Air Service on August 28, 1918. Functions: To have charge of ques- tions of purchase and supply for the bureaus of the Department, Records: In the War Department, SECOND MOTOR TRACTION BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.' Created in the latter part of 1917 by Special Order No. 242, para- graph 69, War Department, when it succeeded the Trial Board, Held' its first meeting on October 24, 1917, and later meetings on Decem- ber 5, 1917, and January 25, 1918. Functions: To consider the motorization of field artillery. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. SECONDARY AND NORMAL SCHOOLS SUBCOMMITTEE, Engineering and Education Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION C(MUTTEE, SECRET INK BUREAU, Code and Cipher Section, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CODE AND CIPHER SECTION. SECRET SERVICE AND POLICE SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Admin- istration.—Secret service matters were handled from September 18, 1913, to January 1, 1919, by the Chief of the Secret Service of the Railroad Administration under the Claims and Property Protection Section, Law Division, The Secret Service and Police Section was created on January 1, 1919, taking over the duties of the Claims and Property Section, It probably terminated with the Division on 510 March 1, 1920. Functionst Indicated by title. Records? Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934- SECRET SERVICE DIVISION, Treasury Department,—Established in 1865 and reorganized by an act of Congress in 1882, Functions? To suppress counterfeiting; to protect the President of the United States, his family, and the President-elect; and to investigate violations of certain laws and such other matters as directed by the Secretary of the Treasury. During the war the Division co- operated with the Food Administration and War Trade Board in un- covering thousands of violations of the Food and Fuel Control Act and in investigating individuals and corporations engaged in export business. Valuable service was also rendered the Grain Corporation, the Wheat Director's Office, and the Farm Loan Board, The Division also uncovered fraudulent activities in connection with war risk insurance. Records? 1863-1937 (1,602 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, daily and weekly reports of agents in the field, records of arrests and descriptions of criminals, accounts, reports of agents detailed to the White House, and War Trade Board reports. SEED DISTRIBUTION OFFICE, Agriculture Department.—See SEED STOCKS COMMITTEE. SEED LOAN OFFICE, Agriculture Department.—See SEED STOCKS COMMITTEE. SEED REPORTING SERVICE, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department,—Es- tablished in the latter part of 1917 under authority of the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917. Functioned in close relation with the Marketing Seed Project of the Bureau and, for administra- tive purposes, with the grain projects. In 1919 its functions were assigned to the Hay, Feed, and Seed Division of the Bureau. Functions? To improve the distribution and stabilize the price of seeds, conserve transportation facilities, and increase pro- duction of foodstuffs by ascertaining the available supply of, demand for, and prices paid for farm and garden seeds and by making such information available to the general public, the Seed Stocks Committee, and other agencies. Also to directly assist the Seed Stocks Comnittee in the acquisition and distribution of seeds and to provide the War Trade Board with information needed to carry on its activities. Records: In NA there is a small amount of corre- spondence of staff members with the project head and with the public in the grain supervision correspondence files and the central correspondence files of the Bureau. An unpublished report of the Service for 1918 is in the ■‘manuscript files'* of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics. SEED STOCKS COMMITTEE, Agriculture Department,—Appointed on April 20, 1917, by the Secretary of Agriculture, Composed of repre- sentatives of the Bureau of Plant Industry and the Bureau of Crop Estimates. The Seed Distribution Office of the Department (also known as the Seed Loan Office) functioned through this Committee. R. A. Oakley, Chairman. Functions ? To have charge of matters of policy and administration regarding seed stocks, including the collection and dissemination of information on stocks and the pur- chase, storage, and distribution of stocks under special appropria- tions; to inspect samples of seed distributed by the Grain Corpora- tion; and to cooperate with the War Trade Board, the Seedsmens 511 War Service Committee, and other organizations. Records: 1917-18 in NA. Correspondence of the Committee is in the files of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and its minutes are in the files of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Correspondence, memoranda, and other papers (9 inches) relating to its activities are in the files of the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture. References: Markets Bureau, Seed Reporting Service, Seed Reporter, vols. 1-3, November 1917-October 11, 1919 (Chicago). SEEDS, GRAINS, AND NON-PERISHABLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Agricultural Advisory Committee.—See AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE. SELECTIVE SERVICE RECORDS DIVISION, Adjutant General’s Office, War Department.—Organized on July 1, 1919. Functions: To arrange, administer, and furnish information from the records of the Pro- vost Marshal General's Office, including the selective service records of the State and Territorial headquarters, district boards, medical and legal advisory boards, and local boards; also to ex- amine the records in order to compile final lists of deserters. Records; In The Adjutant General's Office. SELECTIVE SERVICE SECTION, Industrial Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—Apparently organized for the duration of the war. Functions: To have charge of matters relating to the appli- cation and operation of selective service regulations, insofar as they affected the personnel of the Bureau, its field and inspection service, and private industrial plants engaged in the execution of ordnance contracts. Records: In the Navy Department. SELLING DIVISION, Sales Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.—Created in 1918j abolished in 1920, Functions: To promulgate the general rules of procedure in relation to sales, advise the Custodian on special conditions relating to sales, and exercise general super- vision over matters relating to the sale of enemy property. Records: Among those of the Sales Bureau in NA. SERVICE AND INFORMATION BRANCH, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on September 20, 1919. Functions: To deal with matters affecting the discharged soldier's welfare , that arose as a direct result of his service. The Branch worked through an administrative section in Washington and a field service spread over the country. Records: In the General Staff, War Depart- ment. SERVICE BUREAU, Committee on Public Information.—Created by Executive Order No. 2822-A of March 19, 1913, following a consolidation on March 7 of the Reference Division of the Committee and part of the Information Bureau of the Council of National Defense, Discontinued on April 1, 1919. F. W. McReynolds, Martin A, Morrison, and Mary E. Schick, Directors successively. Functions: To serve as an informa- tion bureau in regard to the organization and personnel of Govern- ment agencies. Records: Some correspondence that was in the cus- tody of the Council of National Defense in 1920 may have been dis- posed of as useless papers in 1928 or 1930. A directory of wartime governmental organizations prepared by the Bureau, which was taken over after the war by the Bureau of Efficiency and was for a time in the custody of the Bureau of the Budget, was later destroyed. 512 SERVICE RECORDS EXAMINATION DIVISION, Adjutant General’s Office, War Department.—See DEMOBILIZED RECORDS DIVISION. SERVICE RESERVES DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.— Created in 1918 and probably terminated in 1919. Functions: To supervise the activities of the Public Service Reserve and the Boys’ Working Reserve, Records: Whereabouts unknown. SERVICE SUBDIVISION, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Organized on November 1, 1918. Disappeared with the abolition of the Division on May 13, 1919. Functions: To coordinate the activities of the following Branches under its jurisdiction: Fire and Accident Pre- vention, Operation Service, Packing Service, Space Allotment, and Warehouse Handling Methods. (The Warehouse Handling Methods Branch and the Space Allotment Branch were consolidated on May 13, 1919, with the Army Reserve Depot Subdivision to form the Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch of the Operations Control Division, Storage Service.) Records: Some are among those of the Quarter- master General’s Office in NA. SETTLEMENT DIVISION, Finance Service, War Department .—Created on November 22, 1918. Included Claims, Contract Adjustment, Contract Examining and Records, and Executive Branches, a Classification Board, and a Patents Section. Functions: To have charge of the expedition of payments of contracts and awards, of examining con- tracts to determine if they had been executed in conformity with law, of preparing claims for property lost, damaged, or destroyed in the military service, and of maintaining correct lists of firms bidding on War Department contracts. Records; In the Finance Chief's Office, War Department. SHEEPSKIN AND GLOVE LEATHER SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—Organized in March 1918. The work was taken over by the Quartermaster General’s Office of the War Department on October 1, 1918. Functions: To establish immediate control of sheepskins and horsehides in order to assure necessary supplies to the Quartermaster Corps, the Ordnance Department, and the Signal Corps. Records; Some may be among those of the Board or of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SHEEPSKINS AND GLOVES SECTION, Hide and Leather Control Branch, Sup- plies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH. SHEET STEEL SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Com- mittee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in June 1917. Dissolved the following November, when its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board. Functions: To keep the superior Committee informed of developments in the industry. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the Board in NA. SHELF AND HEAVY HARDWARE SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH, 513 SHELF HARDWARE AND CORDAGE SECTION, Hardware, Cordage, and Miscel- laneous Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See HARDWARE, CORDAGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH. SHIP CHAPTERINGS AND REPORTS SECTION, Logistics and Fuel Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Existed from 1917 to 1920. Functions: To have charge of the chartering of tankers, colliers, and barges for the transportation of fuel. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. SHIP CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Depart- ment .—Created on November U, 1915. Consisted of four members; F, J. Sprague, Chairman,—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. SHIP CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, Construction Organisation, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Originated in a Construction Division established within the Construction Organization on August 20, 1917. This unit was replaced on December 5, 1917, by the Steel Ship Con- struction and Wood Ship Construction Divisions, the immediate prede- cessors of the Ship Construction Division, which was organized on January 16, 1919. The name of the latter was changed in June 1920 to the Ship Construction Section. Functions; To supervise the technical aspects of the emergency shipbuilding program; to approve ship designs and details of construction; to administer ship- building contracts; to inspect, hold trials of, and accept vessels; and to prepare statistical information on the construction program. Records: Consolidated with the general files of the Construction Organization in NA. Included are correspondence, memoranda, reports, and notes on all aspects of the emergency shipbuilding program and on the administration and organization of the Ship Construction Division; registry documents and correspondence; specifications; contracts; and progress photographs. Also included are the per- sonal files of Director General Charles U* Schwab, General Manager Charles Piez, and Vice President J. L. Ackerson. Only a few of the records in the general files of the Construction Organization postdate the delivery of the last emergency vessel in May 1922. SHIP INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See SHIPPING INFORMATION DEPARTMENT. SHIP INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See MARITIME INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. SHIP PROPULSION COMMITTEE, STEAM ENGINEERING AND, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. SHIP PROTECTION COMMITTEE, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—Organized in May 1917. Functioned as a subcommittee (al- though it did the major work) of the Ship Protection General Com- mittee after September 1917. Ceased to function in May 1919. Functions: To receive and consider suggestions submitted by citi- zens desiring to help protect American vessels from submarine destruction. Cooperated with the Naval Consulting Board, the War Risk Insurance Bureau, and other agencies. Records: May 1917- April 1921 (33 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence and index. 5 U SHIP PROTECTION GENERAL COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—See SHIP PRO- TECTION COMMITTEE, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. SHIP PROTECTION SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—Apparently organized for the duration of the war. Functions: To represent the Bureau in matters pertaining to ship protection. Records: In the Navy Department, SHIP SECTION, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Di- vision, General Staff, War Department.—Established prior to Decem- ber 1917* Abolished as a separate Section when the Embarkation Service was merged with the Inland Traffic Service on March 11, 1919, to form the Transportation Service. Functions: To maintain liaison with the Shipping Board and the Shipping Control Committee, to keep the Chief of Embarkation advised at all times of ships available for troop and cargo service, and to make recommendations as to the equipment, repair, and maintenance of ships in service and as to those that might be equipped. Records: In the Quarter- master General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department, SHIPBUILDING AND YARD DEVELOPMENT SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.—Established in March 1917 and reorganized some- what by Bureau orders of August and October 1917. Functions: To have charge of the design and construction of naval shore facilities to be used for shipbuilding and repair, including shipbuilding ways, marine railways, shops, foundries, piers, and storehouses. Records; Among the general files of the Bureau in NA. SHIPBUILDING BOARD OF REVIEW AND APPEAL.—Organized on December 4, 1918, in accordance with an agreement signed on December 8, 1917, by representatives of the Navy Department, the Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation, and various ship construction workers' unions of the American Federation of Labor, The Board, composed of six members, three appointed by the Government agencies concerned and three appointed by the American Federation of Labor, apparently held only one session, December 4 to 11, 1918. Functions: To decide, upon appeal ty either employers or employees from the deci- sions of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, questions involv- ing wages, hours, and conditions of labor in the shipbuilding in- dustries, Records: December 1918 (3 inches) in NA. Transcripts of the hearings before the Board, filed with records of the Ship- building Labor Adjustment Board, SHIPBUILDING LABOR ADJUSTMENT BOARD.—Created on August 20, 1917, by a written agreement of the American Federation of Labor, the Ship- ping Board, the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and the Navy Department, which provided for a board of three, representing respectively the public, labor, and the three Government agencies. Terminated on April 1, 1919, but some of its functions were carried on until October 1 of that year by the Industrial Relations Division of the Emergency Fleet Corporation. Known also as the "Macy Board," after its Chairman, V. Everit Macy. Functions: To adjust disputes con- cerning wages, hours, and conditions of labor in the repair and construction of ships or of plants under the jurisdiction or control of the Shipping Board; and, as its work developed, to prepare and promulgate detailed wage scales for the ship construction trades. Records: August 1917-October 1919 (19 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence, especially with unions, shipbuilding companies. 515 field officers of the Board and of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and other Government agencies; transcripts of hearings before the Board; copies of decisions, awards, and agreements and a codifica- tion of decisions, awards, and interpretations of the Board; data on cost of living studies for various cities and on Pacific Coast wage rates; and reports and related correspondence on wage scales for individual shipyards. References: Willard E. Hotchkiss and Heniy R. Seager, History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board. 1917 to 1919 (Labor Statistics Bureau, Bulletin No. 283. Washington, 1921). SHIPPING BOARD.—A body of five men appointed by the President and organized on January 30, 1917, under authority of the Shipping Act of September 7, 1916. Became an important war agency with far- reaching additional authority granted to it by further legislation and executive action. Its powers to acquire and operate merchant vessels were delegated to the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion. The Board was not abolished until 1933, when its functions were transferred to the newly formed Shipping Board Bureau in the Commerce Department, The Bureau in turn was abolished in 1936 and most of its work and personnel were taken over by the new Maritime Gonmission. Edward N. Hurley was Chairman of the Board during most of the war period. Functions: Through a large number of subordi- nate committees, divisions, and offices, the Board exercised broad regulatory powers over such matters as shipping rates and practices, the allocation of ships, the recruitment of seamen, and claims for insurance. Records: 1916-36 (2,887 feet) in NA. General files, docket files, and minutes of the Board, together with the records of a number of subordinate units. Papers of the Chairman are at Notre Dame University, References: Shipping Board, Annual Reports, 1917-21; Edward N. Hurley, The New Merchant Marine (New York, 1920), and The Bridge to France (Philadelphia, 1927); Darrell H. Smith and Paul V. Betters, The United States Shipping Board (Wash- ington, 1931)* SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION.—A Government corporation established under the laws of the District of Columbia on April 16, 1917, in accordance with the provisions of the Shipping Act of September 7, 1916. By Executive order and Shipping Board action, the Corporation took over many of the functions of the Shipping Board, to which it was responsible and the members of which served as trustees of the Corporation during the war period. The war ac- tivities, records, and personnel of the Corporation may, with a few exceptions, be grouped under two main units, the "Construction Organization" and the "Operations Division." The Corporation, whose name was changed to Merchant Fleet Corporation in 1927, was abolished on October 29, 1936. Functions: To attend to "the purchase, con- struction, equipment, lease, charter, maintenamce, and operation of merchant vessels in the commerce of the United States." Direct responsibility for these functions was delegated to the Construc- tion Organization and the Operations Division referred to above, but the trustees met frequently and exercised general supervision over all activities of the Corporation. Records: 1917-36 (19,200 feet) in NA* Include minutes of meetings of trustees and records of the Ship Protection Committee, the Investigation Department, the Claims Department, the Construction Organization, and the Opera- tions Division. Other records are in the Maritime Commission. 516 Referencest Shipping Board, Annual Reports, 1917-21; Edward N. Hurley, fEe New Merchant Marine (New York, 1920) and The Bridge to France (Philadelphia, 1927); Darrell H. Smith and Paul V. Betters, The United States Shipping Board (Washington, 1931); Harold A. Van Dorn, Government Owned Corporations, ch, 3 (New York, 1926). SHIPPING COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.—Appointed on April 23, 1917. Resignations of the members were offered on December 5, 1917, and accepted on January 23, 1918. The Chairman of the Committee, William Denham and later Edward N. Hurley, was also the Chairman of the Shipping Board, and the Committee was also known as the Advisory Shipping Committee of the Shipping Board, Functionst To study and advise on methods of increasing the ton- nage available for shipments to the Allies. As the Shipping Board Increased its activities, the Committee gradually became simply a liaison agent between the Council and the Board. Records: Whereabouts unknown. SHIPPING CONTROL COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—A body of three members appointed ly the Chairman of the Shipping Board sometime in February 1913, which succeeded a Special Committee on Shipping formed on February 1. The Shipping Control Committee resigned on December 31, 1918, and most of its duties were transferred to the Trades and Allocations Department, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, established in January 1919. P. A. S. Franklin, Chairman. Functions: To supervise the shipment of supplies, allocate vessels to cargoes and routes, and control the loading and discharging of American tonnage. Records: 1918-19 (120 feet) in NA. Correspondence of the members of the Committee and of the heads of the various divisions and sections. References: Edward N. Hurley, The Bridge to France, 101-108 (Philadelphia, 1927). SHIPPING INDUSTRIAL JOINT CONFERENCE, Shipping Board.—See JOINT SHIP- PING INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE. SHIPPING INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CENTRAL RECORDS AND INFORMATION BUREAU. SHIPPING MISSION, AMERICAN.—See AMERICAN SECTION, Allied Maritime Transport Council. SHIPPING PROBLEMS SECTION, War Minerals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS, SHIPPING SECTION, Supreme Economic Council,—See SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL. SHIPPING TRADES DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Qner- gency Fleet Corporation.—Officially established on June A, 1919, upon the dissolution of the Department of Trades and Allocations, and continued until February 1, 1920, when the Traffic Department assumed its functions. Functions: To place Shipping Board vessels on trade routes along the Atlantic coast and to obtain cargoes (except for coal, which was handled by the Export Coal Department) for such vessels. Records: 1919-20 (combined with those of the Trades and Allocations Department, total 2A feet) in NA. Corre- spondence, memoranda, reports, and telegrams pertaining to offers 517 and commitments for cargoes and to general trade conditions at Atlantic ports. References: Shipping Board, Annual Reports, 1919, p. 105-107. SHIPS* ALLOWANCE SECTION, Supply Division, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—See SUPPLY DIVISION, SHIPYARD PLANTS CONSTRUCTION SECTION, Shipyard Plants Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion,—Established on October 14, 1918, and terminated on February 15, 1920, Functions: To inspect and approve shipyard sites; to approve the design and supervise the construction and improvement of shipyards, installation and storage yards, and industrial plants in which the Emergency Fleet Corporation had an interest; and to cooperate in the disposal of shipyard plants and shipyard plant materials. The Section took over the functions of the Concrete Yard Construction Section in January 1919, Recordst Consolidated with those of the Division in NA. SHIPYARD PLANTS DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on August 20, 1917. Suc- ceeded on February 15, 1920, by the Shipyard Plants Section of the Ship Construction Division, This Section was abolished on April 1, 1920, but its work was carried on by a small staff under the juris- diction of the Assistant Manager of Construction, On October 12, 192.0, such shipyard plant matters as remained were placed under the authority of an Assistant in Charge of Yards and Docks, A Yards and Docks Section appears to have existed until December 1921, Functions: To investigate the shipbuilding capacity, actual and potential, of the shipyards of the country; to supervise the con- struction and improvement of shipyards, drydocks, marine railways, and ship repair plants in which the* Corporation was interested; to develop and approve plans for shipyard.construction and betterment; and, throughout 1919, to supervise the disposal of shipyard plants. Records: 1917-22 (118 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, reports, notes, memoranda, maps, and blueprints relating to shipyards gener- ally and to the construction of shipyard plants, drydocks, marine railways, ship repair plants, and storage yards; also title records to the land upon which shipyard plants were located and records re- lating to the construction of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co, plants at Sparrow Point, Md,, and Alameda, Calif, SHIPYARD VOLUNTEERS DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on January 16 and abol- ished on April 3, 1918, Apparently its work was continued by the Industrial Service Department (later the Industrial Relations Di- vision). Functions: To conduct, in cooperation with the Public Service Reserve of the Labor Department, a publicity campaign to attract and enroll volunteers to enter shipbuilding trades. Rec- ords: Those in NA include correspondence relating to employment in shipyards and to enrollment in the Volunteer Service (3 feet). There are also some records relating to applications for en- rollment in the Shipyard Volunteers in the files of the Vice Presi- dent in Charge of Administration, 1917-18 (1 foot). An unknown quantity of enrollment records has been destroyed. 518 SHOCK, ASPHYXIA, HEMORRHAGE, AND CARBON MONOXIDE INVESTIGATIONS SEC- TION, Physiological Research Division, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Probably organized in the sum- mer of 1917. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions: To determine changes in the blood during different forms of asphyxia and to sug- gest the proper methods of treatment. Records: In the War Depart- ment and the Mines Bureau. References; Mines Bureau, War Gas In- vestigations, 24 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919), SHOE AND HARNESS REPAIR BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918, By Purchase and Storage Notice No. 79 of Feb- ruary 24, 1919, this Branch became a Section of the Repair Shops Branch. Functions: To direct the repair and reclamation of shoes and harness at camps, cantonments, posts, and depots; and to make recommendations concerning the purchase and distribution of equip- ment and supplies necessary for such work. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SHOE AND LEATHER INDUSTRIES COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed about April 1917 by the National Boot and Shoe Manufacturers Association at the request of Julius Rosenwald, Chairman of the Committee on Supplies, Its members resigned in the fall of 1917, and their work was continued by the Supplies Committee, most of the members of which were transferred to the Quartermaster General's Office of the War Department in January 1918, and by the Boot and Shoe War Service Committee. Also known as the Shoes and Leather Section, Functions; To advise the Committee on Supplies and to aid in insuring an ade- quate and reasonably priced supply of shoes for the Army and for the Allies. Records: Scattered fragments are among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. Others are probably among the records of the Quartermaster General's Office, also in NA. SHOE REPAIR BRANCH, Conservation and Reclamation Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department.-—Established on January 26, 1918, as the Shoe Repair Section of the Repair Branch, Reclama- tion Division, On April 16, 1918, it became a Branch of that Divi- sion, which on April 22 was designated the Conservation and Reclar- mation Division, Discontinued on October 28, 1918, when its func- tions were taken over by the Shoe and Harness Repair Branch, Salvage Division, Office of the Director of Storage. Functions: To handle the repair of shoes at camps and other places where the Conservation and Reclamation Division operated. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, SHOE SECTION, Shoes, Leather, and Rubber Branch, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—See SHOES, LEATHER, AND RUBBER BRANCH, SHOE SECTION, BOOT AND, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—See BOOT AND SHOE SECTION, 519 SHOES AND LEATHER GOODS SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH. SHOES AND LEATHER SECTION, Supplies Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See SHOE AND LEATHER INDUSTRIES CO- OPERATIVE COMMITTEE. SHOES AND SHOE SUPPLIES SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Sur- ' plus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director'i Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, w it Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH. SHOES, liEATHER, AND RUBBER BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, ’Tar Department.—Established on January 18, 1918, as the Leather and Rubber Branch, Became the Shoes, Leather, and Rubber Branch shortly thereafter. Operated through the following Sections: Harness, Leather Clothing, Leather Goods, and Shoe, all of which were established on October 8, 1918, On October 28, 1918, it was transferred with the Division to the Office of the Director of Purchase as the Leather and Rubber Branch. Functions: To have charge of the procurement, production, and in- spection of the shoes, harness, leather clothing equipment, and rubber goods used by the Army, Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SHORE ESTABLISHMENTS DIVISION, Construction and Repair Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the war. In June 1921 it was abolished aid its functions were taken over by a Shore Establish- ments Division set up under the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Functions: To have charge of the design, development, and organi- zation of plants at shore stations, including navy yards, naval stations, and repair bases for submarines and aircraft; of the supply of machine tools and equipment and the maintenance of mate- rial stocks; and of investigations of costs at shore establishments. Records: In NA among the general files of the Bureau, SHORE ESTABLISHMENTS SECTION, Cargo Traffic Branch, Water Transporta- tion Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH. SHORT LINS SECTION, Public Service Division, Railroad Administration,— Created on July 29, 1918, in the Public Service and Accounting Divi- sion, Transferred to the Public Service Division on February 1, 1919, Discontinued on March 1, 1920, Functions: To see that short lines had fair treatment in the routing of traffic, a reasonable share of the available car supply, and a fair division of rates* Records: Authorized for destruction on March 20, 1934, SIGNAL BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director* s Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION. 520 SIGNAL BRANCH, Machinery and Engineering Materials Division, Pur- chase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment,—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS DIVISION. SIGNAL CORPS.—See SIGNAL OFFICER'S OFFICE, CHIEF, War Department, SIGNAL CORPS SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE SUM- MARIES BRANCH. SIGNAL CORPS SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. SIGNAL-LIGHT SECTION, Pyrotechnic Research Division, War Gas Investi- gations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Probably organized late in 1917. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions* To investigate flares, land and air signals, and signaling devices for airplanes and submarines. Recordst In the War Department and the Mines Bu- reau, Referencest Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 31 (Bul- letin 178A. Washington, 1919), SIGNAL OFFICER'S OFFICE, CHIEF, War Department,—The position of Signal Officer of the Army was provided for by an act of June 20, 1860; the Signal Corps, which he supervised as Chief Signal Officer, was or- ganized under an act of March 3, 1863. His Office was sometimes known as the "Signal Office," and the Corps during the early part of its history was more usually known as the "Signal Service," During the war the Office of the Chief Signal Officer operated through a large number of Divisions, including the following* Air, Aviation, Construction, Engineering and Research, Equipment, Execu- tive, Finance and Supply, Land, Military Aeronautics, Photographic, Procurement, Purchase, Radio, Science and Research, Special Service, Spruce Production, Supply, and Supply and Accounts. Functions* To supply equipment for the means of communication of the Army; to train personnel and to supply material used by field signal bat- talions, telegraph battalions, and fire-control stations; to supply photographic material; and to organize units for field service at home and abroad. Records * 1886-1942 (3,492 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence, decimal files, purchase order and contract • files, and related records. SIGNAL SUBDIVISION, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Authorized on October 28 and organized on November 25, 1918. Functioned through four Branches* Traffic, Requisition, Stock Record, and Surplus Property, In existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions * To control the storage, distribution to the Army, and maintenance of Signal Corps material, radio equipment, and fire control supplies, and to have charge of the allotment of surplus Signal Corps property. Records* Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA* SIGNAL SUBDIVISION, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, 521 Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— Established about December 2, 1918. In existence when the Over- seas Distribution Division was merged in the Overseas Supply Di- vision on February 1, 1919. Functions: To be responsible for the movement of Signal Corps supplies to ports of embarkation for overseas shipment. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SIGNAL SUBDIVISION, Port Operations Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Purchase and Storage Notice No. 9 of October 25, 1918, established a Signal Branch in the Port Operations Division, On November 22 this Branch became the Signal Subdivision, which was still in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions: To have charge of the compilation of records and reports relative to the movement of Signal Corps supplies through ports of embarkation for overseas forces, and to regulate the movement of such supplies in accordance with established priorities. Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, SIGNAL SUPPLIES SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on May 19, 1919, and included the following Subsections: Domestic Distribution, Export Distribution, Replenishment, Stock Record, and Surplus Property, Became a Branch on November 6, 1919, and was merged in the Regular Supplies Division on May 19, 1920. Func- tions: To have charge of the storage and distribution of Signal Corps supplies and unit equipment. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SIGNALING SECTION, Science and Research Division, Chief Signal Of- ficer's Office, War Department.—See SCIENCE AND RESEARCH DIVISION. SIUC SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.— Formed on August 2 and discontinued on December 31, 1918, Functions To act as intermediary between other Government agencies and the silk and allied industries; and to serve as a clearinghouse for matters regarding imports, exports, customs complaints, and li- censes affecting the silk trade. Records; Probably in the "con- solidated files" of the Board in NA. SILVER SECTION, GOLD AND, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board See GOLD AND SILVER SECTION. SISAL AND TEXTILE FOOD CONTAINERS SECTION, Collateral Commodities Di- vision, Food Administration.-See COLLATERAL COMMODITIES DIVISION. SITES COMMITTEE, Housing Corporation.—Organized in 1918. Composed of four members, appointed from the Architectural, Town Planning, Engineering, and Real Estate Divisions. Abolished after the armi- stice. Functions: Surveyed and selected sites for housing projects. Records: Interfiled with those of various divisions of the Hous- ing Corporation in NA. SIXTH DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department,—See MORALE DI- VISION. 522 SKILLED LABOR'SECTION, Clearance Division, Employment Service, Labor Department.-—Established in May 1918. Later added to the Clearance Division and at the termination of the war became part of the Opera- tions Division, Functions: To alleviate the shortage of skilled labor in various trades engaged in the production of war material, and to compile statistics on the number of available men in these trades. Records: Whereabouts unknown. SKILLED LABORERS EXEMPTION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See EXEMPTION OF SKILLED LABORERS COMMITTEE. SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION GROUP, Gauge Branch, Executive Section, Inspec- tion Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See GAUGE BRANCH. SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION INSPECTION SECTION, Small.Arms Division, Ord- nance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Originated in October 1917 as the Small Arms Ammunition Section of the Small Arras Division, and transferred on January 14, 1918, to the newly created Inspection Di- vision. On April 15, 1918, it was combined with the Cannon and Small Arms Sections to form the Cannon and Small Arms Branch of that Divi- sion. It again became a part of the Small Arms Division, as its Small Arras Ammunition Inspection Section, upon the reestablishment of the Division by Office Order No. 495, effective on February 1, 1919. Functions: To inspect small arms ammunition. Recordst Probably with those of the Office in NA« SMALT, ARMS AMMUNITION SECTION, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See CANNON AND SMALL ARMS BRANCH, Executive Section, SMALL ARMS AND AMMUNITION BRANCH, Ordnance Subdivision, Domestic Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See ORDNANCE SUBDIVISION. SMALL ARMS AND AftMUNITION COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—Formed on March 10, 1917, of representatives of concerns manufacturing small arms and functioned under both the Munitions Standards Board and the General Munitions Board. Upon the organization of the Forgings, Ordnance, Small Arms, and Small Arms Ammunition Section of the Finished Products Division, War Industries Board, on June 1, 1918, the Committee was discontinued. Functions: To discuss facilities for the manufacture of small arms and to recommend to the Council programs of preparedness and pre- paratory demands with regard to designs and specifications. Records: Probably among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. SMALT. ARMS AND EQUIPMENT DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See SMALL ARMS DIVISION. SMALL ARMS BRANCH, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Es- tablishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See PLANT FACILITIES SECTION. 523 SMALL ARMS BRANCH, CANNON AND, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See CANNON AND SMALL ARMS BRANCH. SMALL ARMS DIVISION, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Origi- nated in the Small Arms and Equipment Division, which existed before the war. On May 31, 1917, pursuant to Office Order No. 8, the Small Arms Division was established as one of the 10 Divisions of the Of- fice. It operated through the following Sections* Administration, Aircraft, Contract, Emergency Labor Production, Engineering, Finance and Property, Inspection, Planning and Engineering, Production, Pur- chase, Small Arms Ammunition, and Small Arms Inspection. On January 14, 1918, by Office Order No, 104, the Office was reorganized along functional lines and the Division was abolished. Some of its ac- tivities were transferred to the new Divisions of Procurement, ProduC' tion, and Inspection, and the engineering activities were assigned to the Machine Gun and Small Arms Section of the new Engineering Bureau. By Office Order No. 495 of January 7, 1919 (effective Feb- ruary 1), the Office was again reorganized, and the Snail Arms Divi- sion was reestablished with increased functions. Functions* To be responsible, up to the time the field service assumed control, for the design, production, and procurement of automatic rifles, machine guns of all types, shoulder rifles, bayonets, pistols, revolvers, shotguns, small arms ammunition of all types, sabers, bolos, target material, helmets, and trench knives. Records * Probably with those of the Office in NA. SMALL ARMS INSPECTION SECTION, Small Arms Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created about June 1, 1917, in the Small Arms Division. On January 14, 1918, it was transferred to the newly created Inspection Division as its Small Arms Section. On April 15, 1918, this Section was placed with the Cannon Section and the Small Arms Ammunition Section to form the Cannon and Small Arms Branch of the Inspection Division, It again became a part of the Small Arms Division upon the reestablishment of that Division by Office Order No. 495, effective on February 1, 1919. Functions: To handle the inspection of small arms, including raw materials and components, and the final inspection of rifles, shotguns, pistols, revolvers, bolos, bayonets, accessories, and gauges. Records * Probably with those of the Office in NA. SMALL ARMS SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department .—The functions of this Section were originally per- formed by the Small Arms Division. On January 14, 1918, when the Office was reorganized, the Small Arms Section of the Procurement Division was established. It operated at first through the follow- ing Branches* Rifle, Pistol, Bayonets and Sabers, Accessories, Am- munition, Machine Gun, and Miscellaneous. At the time of the armi- stice it was reduced to the following Branches* Ammunition, Arms, Machine Gun, aid Miscellaneous. On February 1, 1919, Office Order No, 495, the functions of the Section were returned to the Small Arms Division, Functions* To handle negotiations connected with the purchase of small arms and machine guns of all kinds, with their accessories and ammunition; side arms of all kinds and their accessories; target material; and insignia. Records* Probably with those of the Office in NA. 524 SMALT. ARMS SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on January 14, 1918, Operated through the following Branchest Administration, Manufacturing, Material, and Statistical. Abolished on October 23, 1918, Functions: To super- vise and regulate the production of rifles, pistols, revolvers, other side arms, and accessories. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, SMALL ARMS WEAPONS GROUP, Gauge Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office War Department,—See GAUGE BRANCH. SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS BRANCH, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, "War Department,— Originated in the Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, as the Tool and Hardware Sundries Branch, and was designated the Small Tools and Chests Branch on July 17, 1918. Transferred with the Division to the General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, on October 28, 1918. Functioned through the following Sections: Finished Hand Tools, Canvas Goods Hard- ware, Tools and Chest Equipment, Miscellaneous Tools, Cutlery, Semi- finished Tools, and Records. In the divisional reorganization of December 31, 1918, this Branch was abolished, part of its functions being taken over by the Hardware and Hand Tools Branch, Functions: To have charge of the procurement of chests, small tools, and com- position textile hardware. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. .SMAT.T, TOOLS SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See HARDWARE AND HAND TOOL SECTION. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.—Created by an act of 1846, under the terms of the will of James Smithson, who in 1826 bequeathed his fortune to the United States to found an establishment for the "increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." Functions: Most of the research of the Institution is carried on by the several agencies under its direction. Of these, the United States National Museum and the Astrophysical Observatory performed war-related functions. Records: In the Smithsonian Institution. References: Smith- sonian Institution, Annual Reports, 1917-21. SMOKE-SCREEN SECTION, Pyrotechnic Research Division, War Gas Investi- gations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Probably organized late in 1917. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions? To devise smoke and smoke screen apparatus for the Army and Navy, Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau,. References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 29-30 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). 525 SMOKELESS POWDER, JOINT ARMY AND NAVY BOARD ON.—See JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON GUN FORGING SPECIFICATIONS. SOCIAL HYGIENE BOARD, INTERDEPARTMENTAL.—See INTERDEPARTMENTAL SOCIAL HYGIENE BOARD. SOCIAL HYGIENE DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commission, Navy Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. SOCIAL HYGIENE DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Comnission, War Department.—Created on October 30, 1917, as the Social Hygiene Instruction Division. Functioned through the following Sections: Army, Navy, Men's Work, Women's Work, and Motion Picture. Probably terminated with the Commission in 1919. Functions; To combat venereal disease in the Anay and the Navy through various means of educational propaganda. Records: In the General Staff, War Depart- ment. SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES DEPARTMENT, MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense.—See MAINTENANCE OF EXIST- ING SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES DEPARTMENT. SODIUM CYANIDE PLANT (CHEMICAL PLANT N0.4), Mineral Technology Divi- sion, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Such a plant was suggested by the Mines Bureau in September 1917, and construction began on December 27, 1917. The plant was operated by the Bureau under ap- propriations made for the Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, but alloted to the Mines Bureau. Ry November 11, 1918, the plant was operating successfully but not on a full scale. It was trans- ferred, together with its personnel, to the Nitrate Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department, on December 21, 1918. Func- tions: To construct and operate a plant for making sodium cyanide by the Bucher process. Records; In the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bureau, War Minerals. Nitrogen Fixation, and Sodium Cyanide, 58-61 (Bulletin 178B. Washington, 1919). SOIL FERTILITY INVESTIGATIONS OFFICE, Plant Industry Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—See PLANT INDUSTRY BUREAU. SOIL PHYSICS DIVISION, Soils Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See sons BUREAU. SOIL SURVEY DIVISION, Soils Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See SOILS BUREAU. SOILS BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—Established on February 15, 1894, as the Division of Agricultural Soils in the Weather Bureau; attained bureau status in 1895. Consolidated on July 1, 1927, with the Chemistry Bureau to form the Chemistry and Soils Bureau. On October 16, 1938, this Bureau was merged with the Agricultural Engi- neering Bureau to form the Agricultural Chemistry and Higineering Bureau, At the same time soil and fertilizer work was transferred to the Plant Industry Bureau. Functions: During the war the Bureau's regular functions of making soil surveys and maps, seeking out and developing fertilizer resources, and conducting chemical and physical investigations of soils, including studies of soil erosion, were intensified and broadened. The Soil Survey Division cooperated with the War Department in the construction of progressive 526 military maps of the United States; furnished soil maps and special cartographic information; and at the request of the War Department surveyed areas where there was the greatest need of fundamental in- formation. The Chemical Investigations Division prepared various special soils for the Chemical Warfare Service of the War Depart- ment, The Fertilizer Resources Investigations Division investigated and developed domestic sources of potash, nitrogen, and phosphate and furnished technicians and advice to the Office of Fertilizer Control, the duties of which were assigned to this Division after the war. The Division of Soil Physics aided in work on the syn- thesis of ammonia and the oxidation of ammonia in cooperation with the Fertilizer Resources Investigations Division and with the Ni- trate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department, The Bureau also worked along various lines to carry out the provisions of the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, particularly investigating soils best suited for the most needed crops. Recordsi 1894-1940 (1,500 feet) in NA. Those for the war period include the central files of the Bureau and field operation reports and field maps of the Soil Survey Division; records pertaining to the fertilizer work among those of the Office of Fertilizer Control and of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory; and records of the potash investiga- tions among those of the Soil and Fertilizer Investigations Divi- sion of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Other files are in the cus- tody of the Bureaus of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering and of Plant Industry in the Agriculture Department, Referencest Gustavus A, Weber, The Bureau of Chemistry and Soils (Baltimore, 1928), SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS BUREAUS, RETURNING.—See RETURN- ING SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS BUREAUS. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS EMERGENCY COMMITTEE, EMPLOYMENT FOR, Arsenals Director's Office, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS EMERGENCY COMMITTEE. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS EMERGENCY COMMITTEE, EMPLOYMENT FOR, Council of National Defense.—See EMPLOYMENT FOR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS EMER- GENCY COMMITTEE. SOLE AND BELTING LEATHER SECTION, Hide and Leather Control Branch, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH. SOLE AND BELTING LEATHER SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Di- vision, War Industries Board.—Formed on March 2, 1918, In October jurisdiction over belting leather was transferred to the Belting Section. Discontinued on December 31, 1918, Functions: To see that suitable sole leather was provided for the military branches of the Government and for the Allies, This was done primarily through a field force, which visited the tanners and administered restrictions on qualities of leathers used for various purposes and on prices. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, SOLICITOR DIVISION, Post Office Department.—In existence before the war. Functions: During the war it enforced those provisions of the Espionage Act and the Trading With the Enemy Act that related to the use of the mails; advised other administrative officers of 527 the Department in connection with other war activities; and coop- erated with the intelligence services of the War, Navy, and Justice Departments and with the Committee on Public Information. Records: Some may be among those of the Department in NA. Others remain in the Post Office Department. SOLICITOR'S OFFICE, Navy Department.—Established in 1900 in the Of- fice of the Judge Advocate General and transferred in 1907 to the Secretary's Office. Consolidated with the Judge Advocate General's Office in 1921, Functions? During the war the Solicitor was con- cerned with the nonmilitary business of the Department, including matters relating to advertisements, contracts, proposals, bonds, and guarantees; insurance; patents; real estate; claims; proceedings in civil courts; Congressional bills and resolutions and inquiries not relating to personnel; and the rendering of legal opinions. Records: In NA for the war period. The correspondence is filed with that of the Secretary's Oflice and other records are included with those of the Judge Advocate General's Office. References: Henry P. Beers, "Historical Sketch of the Office of the Judge Advocate General, Navy Department," in U. S. Naval Institute, Proceedings, 67* 672-673 (May 19a). SOUND AND FLASH RANGING SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions: To study sound and flash range prob- lems. Records* Probably among those of the Office in NA. SOUND DETECTING AND RANGE FINDING SECTION, UNDERGROUND, Mining Division Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See UNDERGROUND SOUND DETECTING AND RANGE FINDING SECTION. SOUND AMERICAN AND WEST INDIES TRADE BRANCH, Trades and Allocations Di- vision, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board,—See TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DIVISION. SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH, Service Subdivision, Domestic Operations Divi- sion, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War' Department,—Organized on November 1, 1918. On May 13, 1919, it was consolidated with the Warehouse Handling Methods Branch and the Army Reserve Depot Subdivision into the Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch of the Operations Control Division, Storage Service. Func- tions: To collect and maintain records of the utilization and availa- bility of space, and to maintain liaison between the Domestic Opera- tions Division and the Facilities Division of the General Staff, Records * Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH, RESERVE DEPOT AND, Operations Control Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See RESERVE DEPOT AND SPACE ALLOTMENT BRANCH. SPARE PARTS AND TIRES BRANCH, Motors and Vehicles Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES DIVISION. 528 SPARE PARTS BRANCH, Motors Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Divi- sion, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and still in ex- istence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Func- tions: To be responsible for filling requisitions for spare parts required for overseas forces. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA, SPEAKERS BRANCH, Industrial Education Section, Administration Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department,—See INDUSTRIAL EDU- CATION SECTION. SPEAKERS' BUREAU, Four Minute Men Division, Committee on Public In- formation.— See SPEAKING DIVISION. SPEAKERS’ BUREAU, Home Conservation Division, Food Administration.— Organized in September 1917 as a section of the Miscellaneous Ac- tivities Division, transferred to the Conservation Division (later the Home Conservation Division) in November 1917, and retransferred to the States Administration Division in April 1918 as the Speakers' Section of that Division, Thereafter no attempt was made by the Washington office to maintain a corps of speakers, but speakers' bureaus were formed in almost every State, Functions: To receive applications of and requests for speakers, and to select and direct speakers in their appeals for food conservation. Records: 1917-18 (25 feet) in NA, Correspondence and records regarding speakers and lists of prospective speakers, including officers of various organi- zations, References: Jay Cooke, "The Work of the Federal Food Ad- ministration," in American Academy of Political and Social Science, Annals. 78: 175-184 (July 1918)j William C, Ifullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919. 91 (Stanford Uni- ver sity, 1941), SPEAKERS' SECTION, Field Division, Council of National Defense.—Organ- ized on October 1, 1918, and probably terminated early in 1919. Headed by Frederick L. Allen. Functions: To have charge of obtain- ing, organizing, and routing speakers on patriotic subjects. Rec- ords: Probably among those of the Council in NA, SPEAKERS' SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Division, Information and Education Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Probably succeeded the Speakers' Section of the Divi- sion of Information early in 1919 and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919, Functions: To wage a campaign for the stimula- tion of private and public building through the use of a staff and volunteer speakers. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928. SPEAKERS' SECTION, States Administration Division, Food Administra- tion.—See SPEAKERS' BUREAU, Home Conservation Division, SPEAKING DIVISION, Committee on Public Information,—Organization ap- proved by a letter of the President dated September 25, 1917. Trans- ferred on September 1, 1918, to the Four Minute Men Division, where it was known as the Speakers' Bureau, It terminated in December 1918, and the American National Red Cross took over the direction 529 of tours of speakers previously scheduled. Arthur E. Bestor and J. J. Pettijohn, Directors successively. Functionst To coordinate and make more effective the efforts of the numerous governmental and private speakers' bureaus that were conducting speaking cam- paigns in support of the national interest. The Division assembled a card catalog of over 10,000 speakers and had available a select group of 300 effective speakers for whom engagements were made. Records! 1917-19 (17 feet) in NA« Include correspondence, per- taining especially to organization of the work, war conferences, speakers and speeches, and special speaking toursj publications; and card records of speakers. SPECIAL AGENT'S OFFICE AT CLEVELAND, OHIO, Shipping Board.—Opened in September 1917 under the direction of F. A. Eustis, Special Agent, After Eustis' resignation in January 1919 his work was continued by a Disbursing Officer, The Office was closed about July 1, 1920. Functions: Supervised the reconstruction of 21 Great Lakes vessels in order to make them usable at sea; the cutting of 12 of the ships to enable them to pass through the Welland Canal, and their subsequent reassembling; and the program of requisition- ing Great Lakes steamers. Recordst 1917-20 (89 feet) in NA. In- clude correspondence, notes, reports, and memoranda relating to the requisitioning of vessels and the reconstruction work; blueprints of the "cut-in-two" vessels; progress photographs; purchase orders; and vouchers for money paid out of the special appropriation for requisitioned ships. SPECIAL CLEMENCY BOARD, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Depart- ment,—Created early in February 1919. Functions! To review the more serious cases involving confinement in disciplinary barracks or penitentiaries, with a view to recommending clemency where deserved or advisable. Records: In the Judge Advocate General's Office, SPECIAL COMMITTEE, Reparation of Damages Commission, Peace Conference. Appointed by Clemenceau, Lloyd George, and House on March 10, 1919. Consisted of three members: Edwin S. Montagu (of Great Britain), Loucheur (of France), and Norman H. Davis (of the United States), "The appointment of this committee was to be known to no one at all ..." Reported on March 15, 1919. Functions: To discuss the question of reparation and to consider what sum might be reached. Records? Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. SPECIAL DESPATCH AGENT'S OFFICE, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board.—Organized on November 24, 1917, in the Operations Division of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. On March 16, 1918, it became a part of the Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board, Maintained branch offices in 15 Atlantic ports. The duties and files of the Special Despatch Agent's Office remained separate, and after the resignation of the Shipping Control Committee on December 31, 1918, this Office was returned to the Operations Divi- sion. By Nay 1919 it became the Despatch Department, and in August 1919 it was consolidated with the Supervisors Department. Functions: To investigate the loading and unloading of vessels and to increase efficiency and avoid delay in dispatching ships. Records: 1917-19 (40 feet) in NA, Correspondence and reports. 530 SPECIAL DIPLOMATIC MISSION TO RUSSIA.—-Commissioned on May U, 1917, as the Special Diplomatic Mission to the Provisional Government of Russia. Elihu Root headed the Mission, which Included Charles R. Crane, John R. Mott, Cyrus McCormick, Samuel R. Bertron, James Duncan, Charles Edward Russell, Maj, Gen. Hugh L. Scott,and Rear Admiral James H. Glennon. The Mission arrived in Petrograd on June 13, 1917, and began its work immediately. On July 21, 1917, it left Vladivostok for the United States. As a result of its work credits of over $325,000,000 were opened to the Provisional Govern- ment, of which $187,729,750 were expended before the downfall of the Provisional Government and the advent of the Bolshevists to power in November 1917. Known also as the Root Mission, Functions: To prevent a separate peace between Germany and Russia by offering American economic and moral support to the Provisional Government. Recordst In the State Department. Referencest State Department, Foreign Relations, 1918, Russia, vol. 1, p. 107-152; vol. 3, p. 1-56; Samuel F, Bemis, A Diplomatic History of the United States. 633n (New York [1937]). SPECIAL RENTALS AND PLANT EXTENSION SECTION, Compensation Board, Navy Department.—Established in the Compensation Board soon after the creation of that Board on March 22, 1917. Functions: To recommend action to be taken by the Compensation Board in authorizing ad- ditional facilities to plants; to make detailed audits of charges for additional facilities) to record expenditures by contractors and reimbursements by the Navy Department relating to plant improve- ments; to maintain lists of special rental and plant extension items; and to have charge of the appraisal and sale of those prop- erties, Records: 1917-37 (32 feet) in NA. Include lists of special rentals, correspondence and purchase orders concerning ad- ditional facilities at plants, and correspondence concerning the appraisal and sale of plant facilities belonging to the Government. SPECIAL SERVICE BRANCH, Storage Administrative Division, Storage Di- rector’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—-Es- tablished on November 1, 1913, On May 13, 1919, it was transferred to the Operations Control Division as a Section of its Administra- tive Branch. Functions: To install sales stores in compliance with the provisions of the law requiring the Department to maintain stocks of and to sell at a reasonable price to officers such cloth- ing and equipment as they needed. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. SPECIAL SERVICE DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, ’far Depart- ment,—Established on September 7, 1918. Included the following Sections; Commercial Service, Meteorological, Photographic, and Pigeon. Functions: To control and direct the work of Signal Corps units handling telephone and telegraph systems, meteorological data and studies, photographic activities, and pigeon service. Rec- ords: Probably among those of the Office in NA. SPECIAL SERVICE DIVISION, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War De- partment.—Existed as a Division by June 21, 1913, Operated through three Sections; Embarkation Liaison, Inland Traffic Liaison, and Purchase and Supply Liaison. Functions: As indicated by the titles of its Sections, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. 531 SPECIAL TRACTOR BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Divi- sion, Ordnance Chiefs Office, War Department.—Established after September 5, 1918, at which time it assumed some of the functions of the Tanks and Tractors Branches of this Section. Functions! To procure special tractors for the Ordnance Department. Records! Probably with those of the Office in NA. SPECIALTY MANUFACTURERS' SECTION, COMMERCIAL CONSERVATION AND, Staple Groceries Division, Food Administration.—See COMMERCIAL CONSERVA- TION AND SPECIALTY MANUFACTURERS' SECTION. SPECIFICATION OF WAR MATERIAL WHICH CAN BE DEMANDED FROM GERMANY TO PREVENT HER FROM RENEWING THE STRUGGLE, COMMITTEE ON, Peace Con- ference.—Established at a session of the Supreme Council on Feb- ruary 7, 1919. The members were Robert Lansing (of the United States), Viscount Milner (of Great Britain), Andr«£ Tardieu (of France), and U. Cavellero (of Italy). Had no president. Func- tions* To specify the materials of war-that might be demanded from Germany. Records: Some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. References: H. W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 2, p. 504 (London, 1920). SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCTION OF SMALL ARMS, BOARD TO CONSIDER, Ord- nance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See METALLURGICAL MATTERS COMMITTEE. SPECIFICATIONS BRANCH, Technical Section, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion. —See TECHNICAL SECTION. SPECIFICATIONS SECTION, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Sig- nal Officer's Office, War Department,—Prior to October 15, 1918, the Radio Division had prepared most of the specifications and drawings for the Signal Corps, On that date these functions were taken over by the Specifications Section of the Engineering and Research Division. This Section functioned through the Drawing and Data Branches. Functions: To supervise, file, and distribute the specifications pertaining to both the Electrical Engineering Section and the Radio Development Section of the Engineering and Research Division. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. SPRUCE PRODUCTION CORPORATION.—Chartered by the State of Washington on August 20, 1918, pursuant to the Army Appropriat'jn Act of July 9, 1918, Capital stock was fixed at $10,000,000, of which the United States retained a majority interest. In addition, debentures to the amount of $25,000,000 were issued. The Corporation commenced operations on November 1, 1918, assuming the functions and property of the Spruce Production Division of the Aircraft Production Bureau of the War Department, After the war it disposed of its major prop- erty by conditional sale. At present the Corporation maintains an office in Portland, Oreg. Functions: To facilitate the business functions of lumber production and the sale of the product to air- plane factories in the United States and to the Allied Governments. Records: The bulk of the records are at Vancouver, Wash. (1917-31, 1,054 feet), and are described in the Survey of Federal Archives, Inventory of Federal Archives in the States, series 4, War Department. 532 No. 46, Washington, 538-546 (Portland, 1941). Later records are in the custody of the Spruce Production Corporation at Portland. References; Harold A. Van Dorn, Government Owned Corporations, 242-255 (New York, 1926); History of the Spruce''Production Divi- sion. United States Army ([PortlandJ 1920). SPRUCE PRODUCTION DIVISION, Aircraft Production Bureau, Tar Depart- ment.—Originally a part of the Office of the Chief Signal Of- ficer; transferred to the Bureau of Aircraft Production about May 20, 1918. Worked in close cooperation with the Spruce Production Corporation, a Government-owned organization. Functions; To in- crease the output of timber used in the manufacture of aircraft. Records: In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department. SPRUCE PRODUCTION DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War De- partment.—See SPRUCE PRODUCTION DIVISION, Aircraft Production Bureau. STAMPS DIVISION, Post Office Department,—In existence before the war. Its war work was performed through the following Sections; Account, Revenue, and War Savings, Functions: To sell to the public thrift stamps, war savings stamps, and internal revenue stamps. Records: In the Post Office Department, STANDARDIZATION BRANCH, ENGINEERING" AND, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See ENGINEERING AND STANDARDIZATION BRANCH. STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COM- MITTEE, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Authorized on February 2, 1917, Ac- tivities dealing with articles used in explosives were taken over in May 1918 by the War Industries Board. Ceased functioning after the armistice. The following Subcommittees were in existence at various times: Chemistry, Contagious Diseases, Dentistry, Derma- tology, General Pathology, Genito-urinary, Gynecology, Hospital Administration, Internal Medicine, laryngology and Rhlnology, Neurology, Nursing, Obstetrics, Opthalmology, Orthopedic Surgery, Pharmacy, Physiology, Surgery, Surgery Pathology, and X-Ray. Func- tions: To standardize essential medical and surgical supplies and equipment and to increase speed and reduce cost of production. Records: Some have been destroyed under Congressional authoriza- tion; others are among those of the Council in NA. STANDARDIZATION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS, INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON, Interallied Petroleum Conference,—See INTERALLIED COMMISSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS. STANDARDIZATION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS COMMITTEE.—Created by Executive Order No. 2929, July 31, 1918. Composed of seven mem- bers appointed by the Fuel Administrator. Probably terminated in 1919. Functions: To establish standards for petroleum products Records: Whereabouts unknown. The activities of the Committee are reflected in the records of the Oil Division of the Fuel Ad- mini stration. STANDARDIZATION OF SCREW THREADS COMMISSION.—See NATIONAL SCREW THREAD COMMISSION. 533 STANDARDIZATION OF WAGES AND CONDITIONS OF WORK COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Author- ized by the War Labor Policies Board on May 29 and terminated on June 28, 1918. Functions: To draft and report a plan for the standardization of wages and working conditions. Records: Inter- filed with those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of meetings of the Committee, STANDARDIZATION SECTION, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established by Supply Circular No, 86 of September 5, 1918. By Office Order No, 12 of January 25, 1919, the Section was transferred to the Engineer- ing and Standardization Branch established at that time. Functions: To bring about the standardization of types and specifications for Army supplies. Records: Whereabouts unknown. STANDARDS BUREAU, Commerce Department,—Established in 1901. Now designated the National Bureau of Standards, During the war it included the following Divisions: Ceramics; Chemistry; Electricity; Engineering Research; Heat and Thermometry; Metallurgy; Optics; Structural, Engineering, and Miscellaneous Materials; and Weights and Measures, Functions: To be responsible for the development, construct!on, custody, and maintenance of reference and working standards and their intercomparison, improvement, and application in science, engineering, industry, and commerce. During the war, it aided in developing devices for military purposes and in con- ducting special researches in various fields for the War and Navy Departments, the Aircraft Board, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the National Research Council, the Railroad Ad- ministration, the Shipping Board, the 7<’ar Industries Board, the War Risk Insurance Bureau, and the American National Red Cross, Records: 1903-33 (240 feet) in NA. Consist of "test folders” (240 feet), which contain reports, correspondence, and certificates of tests. Other records are in the National Bureau of Standards, References: Gustavus A. Weber, The Bureau of Standards, 60-69 (Baltimore, 1925)• .STANDARDS COMMITTEE, Mechanical Department, Operation Division, Rail- road Administration.—Created on July 1, 1918, taking over work formerly performed by the Committee on Standards for Locomotives and Cars. Probably abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920, Functions: To design cars and locomotives, to act in an advisory capacity to the Mechanical Department, and to prepare specifica- tions for new equipment. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934, STANDARDS FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS COMMITTEE, Operations Division, Railroad Administration,—Probably existed from February until July 1, 1918, when its functions were taken over by the Standards Committee of the Mechanical Department, Functions: To prepare designs for locomotives and cars in cooperation with the Mechanical Department. Records* Probably destroyed with those of the Divi- sion in 1934, STANDARDS LABORATORY BUREAU BRANCH, Radio Development Section, Engineer- ing and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War De- partment.—See RADIO DEVELOPMENT SECTION. 534 STAPLE CROPS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF, Food Production Program Committee, Agriculture Department.—See FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM COMMITTEE. STAPLE GROCERIES DIVISION, Food Administration.—Created in April 1918 and took over the supervision of dealers in coffee, sugar, flour, and specialties from the Distribution Division. Terminated in October 1918, when the work was returned to the Distribution Division. Functions! To supervise licensed dealers in the above- mentioned commodities, to fix maximum prices, and to encourage the use of substitutes for tin containers. Recordst In NA. There are no general records of the Division, and the records of its various Sections—Sugar and Flour, Coffee, and Commercial Conservation and Special Manufacturers—are filed separately. STATE COUNCIL RELATIONS SECTION, Administrative Division, National Research Council.—Established in 1917 as a committee under the chairmanship of Charles E. Mendenhall, who was followed by John C. Merriam, to provide liaison between the research committees es- tablished by the State councils of defense and the National Research Council. Later in 1917 it became a section in the Administrative Division and in 1918 was combined with the Research in Educational Institutions Section to form the Relations with Educational Insti- tutions and State Committees Section in the General Relations Divi- sion. Functions: To transmit the needs of the Council for re- search of a local character to the State committees and receive the results of investigations from them. Records: In the National Research Council. STATE COUNCILS SECTION, Council of National Defense.—The work of this unit was begun in April 1917, but it was not until later that the Section on Cooperation With States was so designated. In the fall of 1917 this Section was renamed the State Councils Section. On October 1, 1918, it was succeeded by the newly created Field Divi- sion, Functions: To coordinate the work of the State and local defense councils, and to serve as a communicating agency between the Federal Government and the councils. Records: 1917-18 (51 feet of segregated records, and other records dispersed in the files of the Field Division and the consolidated files of the Council) in NA. Include correspondence, minutes, reports, memoranda, circulars, lists, posters, and abstracts. STATE DEPARTMENT.—The first of the executive departments to be es- tablished, The Secretary of State is the ranking member of the Cabinet. From 1915 to 1920 Robert Lansing was Secretary of State. Functions: Apart from its regular functions, several new duties connected with the war devolved upon the Department. These in- cluded problems attendant upon the release of foreign nationals from the armed forces of the United States, the control of aliens coming to the United States, and the issuance of passports to aliens leaving the United States. The Office of the Historian of the War (q. v.) was established to prepare a history of the war based on the Department's records. The Department maintained re- lations with the several emergency agencies and took over the functions and records of the War Trade Board when that organization terminated. Recordst In the Communications and Records Division, State Department. The records of certain foreign posts, chiefly of posts that have been discontinued, are now in NA. References: State Department, The Department of State, Personnel and Organiza- tion. December 31, 1921 (Washington* 1922). 535 STATE DISTRIBUTION BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Administra- tion.—Organized on April 19, 1918. Included the following eight Sections* New England; States West of the Mississippi; North Caro- lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Texas, Arkansas, and Ohio; Middle West; Fuel and Forage, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware; Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Miss- issippi, and Alabama; New York and New Jersey, Public Utilities; and Smithing Coal, Ended on February 15, 1919. Functionst To act as the point of contact between the State Fuel Administrators and the Distribution Division and to resolve emergency problems arising through failure by the States to receive sufficient stocks of coal. Supplemented the work of the Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, which took care of the ordinary allotments and requirements of States, Recordst 1918-19 (67 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, and lists reflecting the emergency needs of the States. STATE FAIR EXHIBITS BUREAU, Committee on Public Information.—Created on March 11, 1918, and placed under the Executive Division in June. Discontinued in December 1918, Capt, Joseph J. Hittinger (assigned by the War Department), Manager, Functions: To establish a war exhibit to be used by State fairs. Records: 1918, A few letters of the Bureau are with records of the Executive Division of the -Com- mittee in NA. STATE LABOR LAWS COMMITTEE, ENFORCEMENT OF, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—See ENFORCEMENT OF STATE LABOR LAWS COMMITTEE. [STATE] ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION SECTION, Field Division, Council of National Defense.—Organized on October 1, 1918, and terminated about June 30, 1919« Functions: To direct the State councils of defense in matters of organization, to furnish them with necessary information, and to provide a record of State defense activities. Records: Among those of the Council in NA. STATE ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT, Woman’s Committee, Council of National Defense.—Probably organized late in 1917; terminated on October 1, 1918, when the Field Division was created. Mrs, Joseph R, Lamar, Chairman, Functions: To direct the work of organizing State woman* committees. These committees served as divisions of the national Woman's Committee and functioned through departments corresponding to those of that Committee. Records: Among those of the Council in NA. Include reports from the State divisions and related corre- spondence, with enclosed material, June 1917-May 1919 (3 feet). STATE ORGANIZATIONS BUREAU, Administrative Division, Fuel Administra- tion.—Organized in October 1917 and placed under the Administrative Division the following May. Included the Retail Price Section, the functions of which are indicated by its name. Discontinued on April 30, 1919. Functions: To supervise and coordinate the work of the State Fuel Administrators (except in relation to fuel distribution matters, which were handled by the State Distribution Bureau, Dis- tribution Division); and to advise and assist them in carrying out their programs and enforcing their regulations. The State Fuel Ad- ministrators had very extensive powers, as it was increasingly the policy of the Fuel Administration to decentralize its organization. They made sure that the coal allotted to them by the national budget was distributed equitably "and according to the necessities of the 536 situation.” Records: 1917-19 (49 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, memoranda, circulars, orders, minutes, charts, and note- books relating to appointments, prices, margins, committees, ac- counts, regulations, recommendations of State councils, and related matters. References: Fuel Administration, Report of the Adminis- trative Division, 1917-1919. Pt. 1 (Washington, 1920), consists of the reports of the Bureau of State Organizations and of the Federal Fuel Administrators for the various States and districts. STATES ADMINISTRATION DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in June 1917, with the appointment of Federal Food Administrators to head the State administrations and of district and county food ad- ministrators to carry on the local work. After the armistice the Division supervised the liquidation of the State organizations, John W, Hallowell, Chief. Functions: To interpret Food Adminis- tration rules and regulations to the State administrations, to serve as a clearinghouse for communications between them, to direct the organizations in the States, to encourage uniformity of practice in their activities, and to handle their problems of finance. Rec- ords: 1917-19 (181 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, adminis- trative papers, personnel lists, and commercial travelers' pledge cards. The records of most of the State Food Administrations are also in NA, with the exception of those of Delaware and Florida and certain files of the California administration now in the Bancroft Library, References: William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919, 70-76 (Stanford University, STATES RELATIONS SERVICE, Agriculture Department.—Established on July 1, 1915, under an appropriation act of March 4> 1915, Headed by a Director, Included the Offices of Experiment Stations, Extension Work, and Home Economics, Cooperative demonstration work was carried on by two offices, the Office of Extension Work in the South and the Office of Extension Work in the North and West. Abolished on June 30, 1923, and replaced by the Extension Service, Functions: To pro- vide farmers with available information on agricultural methods; to demonstrate farm and home practices through the organization of clubs for boys and girls; and to assist in the program of increased production, distribution, and conservation of foodstuffs during the war. Through its field organizations it assisted in the promotion of the Liberty Loan, War Savings, and Red Cross campaigns and in the conduct of surveys concerning the distribution of farm labor and the procurement of supplies for the Army. Records: Those in NA for the war period (100 feet) include reports of field investigators. State reports, correspondence, and annual narrative and statistical reports of the Director and of other national and local officials. References: Cooperative Extension Work Office, Extension Service Handbook, 45-46 (Washington, 1927); Alfred C. True, A History of Agricultural Ex- tension Work in the United States. 1785-1923. 134-148 (Agriculture Department, Miscellaneous Publication 15, Washington, 1928), STATES SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration,—Created in November 1917 as the States Publicity Section, Designated the States Public Information Section in December and the States Section the following March. Terminated in September 1918, although until the end of the year press releases were issued in the name of the Section. Functions: To furnish educational directors in the States with press releases, information, and material pertaining to the Food Adminis- tration, leaving to their discretion the use of such material for 537 local publicity purposes. Recordst 1917-18 (10 feet) in NA. Correspondence, press releases, and printed material. STATISTICAL BUREAU, Emergency Construction Wage Commission.—The date of its organization has not been determined. Functions* To study earnings and efficiency o£ workers, their regularity of attendance, and the relation of absenteeism to overtime work. Records* Where- abouts unknown. References: Alexander M. Bing, War-Time Strikes and Their Adjustment. 16 (New York, fl921]). STATISTICAL CLEARING HOUSE, CENTRAL.—See CENTRAL BUREAU OF PLANKING AND STATISTICS. STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See RECORDS SECTION, Ship Construc- tion Division. STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in December 1917 as the Statistician’s Office, and became the Statistical De- partment in August 1918, Terminated in August 1920, Functions: To prepare statistical material on prices, crop conditions, supply and distribution, and imports and exports of id ours and grains; to assemble press comments on the Corporation's activities; and to maintain records of the "Domestic Resale Flour Program" of 1919-20, Records: 1917-20 (24 feet) in NA. Include press clippings and copies of material prepared by the Department, STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT, Milling Division, Food Administration.—Or- ganized in October 1917; terminated in July 1918, Functions; To prepare tabulations and recapitulations based on the daily, weekly, and monthly reports submitted by "agreement" and "non- agreement" mills; and to provide other units of the Administration with statistical data in regard to wheat and flour consumption. Records; 1917-18 (15 feet) in NA. Correspondence; statistical summaries and graphs; and mill reports of wheat consumption and of flour produced, shipped, and offered for export. STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT, Sugar Equalization Board.—Established early in 1919 under the direction ox Joshua Bernhardt, who had previously been sugar statistician in the Food Administration, Reported to be "nearly liquidated" on September 15, 1920, and appears to have ceased operations shortly thereafter. Also called a Division, Functions; To collect, tabulate, and publish statistical and other data relating to sugar. Records: 1919-20 (62 feet) in NA. In- clude correspondence and memoranda; weekly, monthly, and quarterly reports relating to sugar; drafts and printers proofs of two books on the sugar industry by Joshua Bernhardt; tabulations, card records, and miscellaneous statistical data. STATISTICAL DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Department.—Or- ganized about October 20, 1917. Renamed the Casualty Division on September 15, 1918. Discontinued in 1920, Functions* To receive, record, and distribute information relative to the arrival, injury, or death abroad of individuals accredited to the American Expedi- tionary Forces, Records? In The Adjutant General's Office. STATISTICAL DIVISION, American Section, Allied Maritime Transport Council,—Established in London early in 1918 under the general 538 charge of James A. Field. He had nine assistants who specialized respectively on imports and military transports statistics, ship- ping statistics, graphic analysis and presentation, photostating and mimeographing, editing and document servicing, and information service. The Division probably functioned until June 1919, when the London office of the Shipping Board took over the work of the American Section. Functions: To maintain an extensive documentary file and to compile statistical information for the purposes of the Statistics Committee of the Allied Maritime Transport Council and for the use of the Shipping Board in Washington. Records: Where- abouts unknown. STATISTICAL DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Created on January 3> 1918, by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor. Became a Section of the Division of Information, Administration, and Clearance on March 1, 1918, Further changes placed the Section under the Control Division in August 1918, and under the Division of Operations in 1919, where its functions were curtailed sharply and limited to the collating of employment statistics. Functions: To prepare weekly surveys and a monthly summary of reports from em- ployment offices; to tabulate monthly labor status reports dealing with labor shortages and other special conditions in the skilled trades; and to tabulate orders for unskilled labor. Records: Whereabouts unknown. STATISTICAL DIVISION, Food Administration,—Organized in July 1917; abolished in February 1919. Raymond Pearl, Chief, Functions: To collect and collate data on the production, consumption, move- ment, and prices of food material in the United States and in Allied countries. Records: 1917-19 (178 feet) in NA. Reports on the production, canning, distribution, and prices of foods and on garbage utilization; copies of publications compiled by the Divi- sion, such as the 1,641 statistical bulletins issued in 64 series and the Reference Handbook of Food Statistics in Relation to the War; and correspondence and administrative records. The files of the Legal Division, Food Administration,contain a manuscript his- tory, "The Statistical Division," by Raymond Pearl, STATISTICAL DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized on April 15, 1918, by the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, and later placed under the Corporation, Transferred to the Survey and Statistics Division on August 15, 1918, Func- tions: Collected information concerning manufacturing plants and general community conditions by means of questionnaires and com- piled and digested statistics for general distribution. The Di- vision was organized to provide information regarding housing needs, in addition to that obtained by the Preliminary Investigation Di- vision. Records; 1918 (6 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, questionnaires, and statistical reports. Interfiled with records of the Survey and Statistics Division. STATISTICAL DIVISION, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—On October 28, 1918, the Statistics Branch of the Adminis- tration Division, Quartermaster General's Office, was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage as its Statistical Division. Operated through several Branches, includ- ing Purchase Summaries and Storage Summaries. By Purchase and 539 Storage Office Memorandum No. 13 of March 27, 1919, the Division was transferred to the Requirements Division, Office of the Di- rector of Purchase and Storage> as its General Statistics Branch* Functions? To compile statistical data and prepare statistical reports, and to act as a clearinghouse for statistical informa- tion, Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA. STATISTICAL FORMS AND RECORDS, BOARD TO REVIEW, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department,—Established by Office Order No. 247 of July 1, 191B. Functions: To review statistical forms and records in use in the Office and make recommendations thereon. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. STATISTICAL SECTION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Em- ergency Fleet Corporation.—See RECORDS SECTION, Ship Construc- tion Division, STATISTICAL SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established with the creation of the Division in March 1918, Functions; Compiled data concerning contracts and tonnage movements that enabled officials to arrange heavier loading of freight cars, advise concerning proper routing so as to avoid congested districts, instruct Navy shipping offices and contractors concerning proper methods of consignment, and render other transportation assistance. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. STATISTICAL SECTION, Public Works and Construction Development Divi- sion, Information and Education Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Departments— Probably created in January and terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions: To collect information regarding typical improved properties fran 1914 to 1918, the amount of building suspended during the war', and the reasons why the work was not resumed after the armistice. Records; Disposition author- ized by Congress in 1928, STATISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established on November 7, 1918. Functioned at first through the following Sections: Ar- ticles of Issue, Raw Materials, Executive, Requirements, Progress Report, External Relations, and Special Reports. Took over the work of the Supplies Accounting Section and the requirement func- tions of the Supply Program Section, both of the Purchase and Sup- ply Branch of the Division. In existence on June 30, 1920, Func- tions; To compile and maintain statistical records and studies of supply and to supervise their maintenance in supply bureaus; to make analyses and compilations of Array supply requirements on the basis of information furnished by the Chief of Staff; and to deter- mine whether the estimates for appropriations were in accordance with the requirements of the military program. Records; Whereabouts unknown. STATISTICS BRANCH, Administration Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department,—Organized on April 16, 1918, as the Sta- tistics Branch, Methods Control Division, On September 14, it was transferred to the Administration Division. On October 28, it 540 became the Statistical Division of the Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office. Functions: To obtain statistical data from the operating divisions of the Office; to compile such data for pres- entation to the Quartermaster General and the General Staff; and to act as a clearinghouse for statistical information. Records: Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. STATISTICS BRANCH, General Staff, War Department.—Organized on March 11, 1918, as a Section of the Executive Division, About October 1918 it became the Statistics Branch. Its only subdivision was a statistical unit with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. Functions: To collect, compile, and maintain statistical informa- tion relating to the war program for transmission to the Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff, the War Council, and the General Staff, Records: In the War Department. STATISTICS BRANCH, Warehousing Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department.—Organized on October 16, 1917. Functions: To receive and compile statistical data pertaining to the amounts of supplies needed, contracted for, in process of delivery, on hand, and issued. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. STATISTICS BUREAU, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration,—Origi- nated in work begun on October 15, 1917, through a cooperative agree- ment with the Geological Survey. A separate unit to carx*y on the work was established in the Fuel Administration in November. This became the Statistics Bureau of the Distribution Division and in- cluded the following Sections: Consumption, Planning, Production, Records, and Reports. Terminated on June 30, 1919. C. E, Lesher, Director. Functions: To collect and tabulate statistics on the production, distribution, and consumption of coal and coke. The information collected included data of a general nature, required as bases for outlining policy, and daily and weekly operating reports of a kind to show in detail how the programs were being met. Rec- ords: 1917-19 (21 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, charts, tabulations, applications, and permits. STATISTICS BUREAU, Interstate Commerce Commission.—Established in 1888, Functions: Primarily to collect and compile statistics relating to the financial organization, physical facilities, and operating ac- tivities of the carriers. During the war the Bureau was required to prepare many special statements for the Railroad Administration, and it also made the computations of average annual operating in- come upon which the Government founded its agreements to compensate the carriers for the use of their property. Records: 1888-1942 (6,000 feet) in the Interstate Commerce Commission, Include records of railroad accident reports; annual reports of carriers; and sta- tistics on railroad operations. STATISTICS BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.—Established on March 1, 1918. Terminated upon the resignation of its head on December 19, 1918, Functions: Prepared tabulations and reports on almost all, phases of the work of the Oil Division. Also supplied information to the War Industries Board, the War Trade Board, the War and Navy Departments, the National Petroleum War Service Com- mittee, and many other organizations. Records: 1918 (15 feet) in NA, Include correspondence and reports concerning refining companies. 541 pipe-line companies, wildcatting, pipe lines, stocks, and produc- tion. A special file, known as the "'S' Series of Statistics," contains data on production, imports, exports, pipe lines, storage, requirements of the Amy and Navy, requirements of the Allies, con- sumption, distribution, well drilling, wildcatting, and refining. STATISTICS BUREAU, LABOR, Labor Department.—See LABOR STATISTICS BUREAU. STATISTICS BUREAU, RESEARCH AND, War Trade Board.—See RESEARCH AND STATISTICS BUREAU. STATISTICS BUREAU, TABULATION AND, War Trade Board.—See TABULATION AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Research and Statistics Bureau, STATISTICS CENTRAL BUREAU, PLANNING AND.—See CENTRAL BUREAU OF PLAN- NING AND STATISTICS. STATISTICS COMMITTEE, CENTRALIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See CENTRALIZA- TION OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS COMMITTEE. STATISTICS DIVISION, Council of National Defense.—Created on April 9, 1917. In April 1918 a considerable portion of the staff of the Division was transferred to the Statistics Branch of the General Staff, War Department, and about July 1, 1918, soon after the separa- tion of the War Industries Board from the Council of National De- fense, the rest of the Division was transferred to the Planning and Statistics Division of the War Industries Board, Functions: To collect and tabulate information in regard to Army and Navy require- ments, contracts, and deliveries; to provide the War Industries Board with statistics on raw materials; to compile tonnage statis- tics; and to collect information concerning industrial experience abroad. Records: Some of them are among those of the Council and of the Board in NA. Others are in the War Department. STATISTICS DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Commerce Department.—Organized in 1912 and succeeded by the Foreign Trade Statistics Division in 1934. Functions: To record and analyze data on the imports and exports of the United States and to make such data available for the guidance of all interested persons. During the war it furnished the war agencies with detailed trade statistics. Records: In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com- merce, STATISTICS DIVISION, AUXILIARY AGENCIES Aim, Provost Marshal General's Office, War Department.—See AUXILIARY AGENCIES AND STATISTICS DI- VISION. STATISTICS DIVISION, PLANNING AND, Shipping Board.—See PLANNING AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Shipping Board. STATISTICS DIVISION, PLANNING AND, War Industries Board.—See PLANNING AND STATISTICS DIVISION, War Industries Board. STATISTICS DIVISION, SANITARY REPORTS AND, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See SANITARY REPORTS A I® STATISTICS DIVISION. STATISTICS DIVISION, SURVEY AND, Housing Corporation.—See SURVEY AND STATISTICS DIVISION. STATISTICS DIVISION, VITAL, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.—See VITAL STATISTICS DIVISION. STATISTICS OF CITIES DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.— Probably organized in 1912. Succeeded by the Statistics of States and Cities Division in 1918, which in turn was succeeded by the State and Local Government Division in 1941. Functions: To col- lect, compile, and prepare for publication annual financial and general statistics of cities and States. During the war it assisted the Bureau in carrying out various war-related duties. Records: In the Census Bureau, STATISTICS SECTION, COMMODITIES, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board.—See COMMODITIES STATISTICS SECTION. STATISTICS SECTION, CURRENT VITAL, Sanitation Division, Surgeon Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—See CURRENT STATISTICS SECTION. STATISTICS SECTION, OPERATING, Operation Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—See OPERATING STATISTICS SECTION. STATISTICS SECTION, PLANNING AND, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency fleet Corporation.—See RECORDS SECTION, Ship Con- struction Division. STATISTICS SUBCOMMITTEE, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commis- sion, Council of National Defense,—Formed on May 13, 1917; ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions: To compile statistics relating to health. Records: Some may be among those of the Coun- cil in NA. STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION AND LEGISLATIVE DRAFT DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, War Department,—Probably existed before the war. Functions: To study legislation directly or indirectly affecting the War Department or the Army; to draft bills relating to the Mili- tary Establishment for introduction in Congress; and to keep the several bureaus of the Department informed as to legislation af- fecting them. Records: In the Judge Advocate General's Office, STEAM AND SANITARY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT SECTION, Machinery and En- gineering Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Di- rector's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH. STEAM ENGINEERING AND SHIP PROPULSION COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department,—Created on November 4, 1915. Consisted of five members; A. M. Hunt, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. STEAM ENGINEERING BUREAU, Navy Department.—Established by an act of July 5, 1862, and became the Bureau of Engineering in 1920. It was abolished in 1940 and its functions were transferred to the newly created Bureau of Ships. Functions: To have charge of the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of aircraft machinery and of all steam, electric, and other types of engines, machinery, and ap- paratus used for the propulsion of naval vessels; to have charge of steam pumps, heaters, and connections on ships and of machinery sup- plying power,for turning turrets; to have charge of the design and supply of electrical apparatus, including radio apparatus for air- craft and for snip and shore installations; to prepare specifica- tions for and to inspect fuel and to have general supervision over naval petroleum reserves; and to prepare blank forms for engineering reports and to review those reports. Recordsi 1845-1920 (combined with those of the Bureau of Engineering, 1920-40, total 4,360 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence; engineering logs; drawings and tracings of sliip machinery and electrical apparatus; contracts; reports from radio stations on shore and on ships; and correspondence and reports concerning radio and sound devices for submarines and airplanes. References; Wavy Department, Annual Reports, 1918, p. 517-583; 1920, p, 699-726; Robert S. Griffin, History of the Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department, During the World War (Naval Records and Library Office, Publication 5. Washington, 1922). STEAK HEATING DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Con- struction Division, War Department,—See PROCUREMENT SECTION, STEAMBOAT INSPECTION SERVICE, Commerce Department,—Established in 1852, United with the Navigation Bureau in 1932 to form the Navi- gation and Steamboat Inspection Bureau, which was renamed the Marine Inspection and Navigation Bureau in 1936. This Bureau was abolished in March 1942, and its functions were transferred to the Coast Guard and to the Customs Bureau, Functions: To administer the laws en- acted for the purpose of safeguarding the lives of passengers and crews on steamboats and other vessels engaged in marine transporta- tion. Cooperated vdth the Shipping Board in inspecting ships and licensing men for the merchant fleet. Records; 1852-1941 (com- bined with those of the Navigation Bureau, total 4,090 feet) in NA, Those for the war period consist chiefly of general correspondence. Other records are in the Coast Guard,- References: Lloyd M, Short, Steamboat-Inspection Service, 52 (New York, 1922), STEAMSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE, COASTWISE, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.—See COASTWISE STEAMSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE. STEAMSHIP LINES [SECTION], COASTWISE, Operation Division, Railroad Ad- ministration.—See COASTWISE STEAMSHIP LINES [SECTION]. STEEL AND FORGING BRANCH, Projectile Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief' s Office, War Department.—Established on April 12, 1918. Functions: To handle matters pertaining to the procurement of forgings. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. STEEL AND MUNITIONS PLANTS SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Division, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU. STEEL AND STEEL PRODUCTS COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Min- erals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee in 544 May 1917. In the latter part of September its members resigned and were reorganized as special committees of the American Iron and Steel Institute. Functions: To distribute orders and accelerate produc- tion and deliveries of steel and steel products. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. STEEL COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. STEEL CORPORATION PLANT BOARD, CONSTRUCTION OF, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—See CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL CORPORATION PLANT BOARD. STEEL DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. STEEL DISTRIBUTION SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in June 1917. Upon its dissolution the following November its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board, Functions: To keep the superior Committee informed of developments in the distribution of steel. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the Board in NA. STEEL DIVISION, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Council of National Defense.—See STEEL DIVISION, War Industries Board, STEEL DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Formed on October 27, 1917, as a part of the Raw Materials Division, Reorganized as a Division directly under the Chairman of the War Industries Board after the appointment of the Commissioner of Raw Materials, Bernard M. Baruch, to that post on March 4, 1918. Discontinued on December 21, 1918, Functions: To regulate the production and distribution of iron and steel products; to encourage the creation of new facilities; to restrict the use of steel in certain industries; and to cooperate in the fixing of prices of steel and steel products. Records: 1917-13 (157 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, weekly reports on orders and shipments of steel and steel products, and other records of the Director’s Office; records of the tfarehouse Distri- bution Bureau; and records of the Permit, Pig Iron, Projectile Steel, and Steel Products Sections, Other records pertaining to steel are in the "consolidated files" of the Board. STEEL HELMETS AND ALUMINUM MESS BRANCH, Inspection Section, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department,—See INSPECTION SECTION. STEEL HELMETS AND INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created in 1917; trans- ferred to the Equipment Section of the Procurement Division on Jan- uary 14, 1918. Functions: To procure steel helmets, body armor, and various types of periscopes. Recordst Probably with those of the Office in NA. STEEL INGOT COMMITTEE, Metallurgy Section, Engineering Division, Na- tional Research Council.—Organized in 1918 under the chairmanship 545 of W. P. Barba. Functions; To conduct studies to determine the best practice in making steel ingots. Records; In the National Research Council, STEEL PRODUCTS SECTION, Production Division, Engineering and Purchas- ing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of En- gineers, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. STEEL PRODUCTS SECTION, Steel Division, War Industries Board.—-Estab- lished in April and discontinued on December 31, 1918. Also called the Finished Steel Section. Functions t To handle matters pertain- ing to clearances, allocations, requirements, and schedules cover- ing plates, shapes, merchant bars, sheets, seamless tubes, tubular products, wire rope, aid wire products. Records; 1917-18 (24 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, schedules, pledges of jobbers to conserve stock, and miscellaneous records. Other records are prob- ably in the "consolidated files" of the Board. STEEL PRODUCTS SECTION, Supplies Division, Engineering and Purchas- ing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of En- gineers, War Department.—See SUPPLIES DIVISION. STEEL SCRAP SECTION, IRON AND, Steel Division, War Industries Board.— See IRON AND STEEL SCRAP SECTION. STEEL SECTION, Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING MATERIALS BRANCH. STEEL SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Created during the war. Functions; To have charge of the purchasing of iron and steel products, chains, machine tools, hardware, cranes, railroad equipment, locomotives, and cars. Spe- cially delegated representatives of the Section were appointed to represent the Navy on related commodity sections of the War Indus- tries Board. Records; Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. STEEL SHIP SECTION, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Upon the inaugura- tion of the emergency shipbuilding program in April 1917, direct super- vision over the building of both steel and wooden vessels was exer- cised by the General Manager of the Corporation; after August 20, 1917, it was exercised by the Construction Division. Control over steel shipbuilding was placed in the hands of the Steel Ship Construc- tion Division upon its establishment on December £, 1917; this Divi- sion was succeeded by the Steel Ship Section on February 16, 1919. The Section was abolished on March 16, 1920, and its duties were placed under the jurisdiction of the Manager of the Ship Construction Division, the active supervision to be exercised by an Assistant .in Charge of Steel Ship Construction. Functions: To supervise techni- cal matters concerned with steel ship construction, original design- ing work, and questions arising under construction contracts after their execution; to accelerate the production of steel ships; and to manage and operate three "agency” shipyards for the assembly of fabri- cated ships. Recordst 1917-20 (UU feet) in NA. Include correspond- ence, notes, reports, memoranda, drawings, and blueprints relating 5Ab to the construction of steel vessels and the construction of re- quisitioned ships; some progress reports; and the files of various managers of steel ship construction. Records relating to the con- struction of steel ships before December 1917 and after December 1919 are filed mainly in the general files of the Construction Or- ganization • STEEL SUBCOMMITTEE, COLD ROLLED AND COLD DRAWN, Steel and Steel Prod- ucts Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See COLD ROLLED AND COLD DRAWN STEEL SUBCOMMITTEE. STEEL SUBCOMMITTEE, SHEET, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Com- mittee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Com- mission, Council of National Defense.—See SHEET STEEL SUBCOMMITTEE, STEVEDORES AND MARINE WORKERS DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor De- partment .—Created as a result of a conference in May 1918 of rep- resentatives of the Employment Service and of longshoremen. Termi- nated at the close of the war. Functions: To supervise a mobile labor pool of longshoremen and marine workers to supply ports on the East Coast. Recordst Whereabouts unknown. STEVEDORES SECTION, Cargo Traffic Branch, Water Transportation Divi- sion, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—See CARGO TRAFFIC BRANCH. STEVEDORING COMMITTEE, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Appointed by the Chairman of the Shipping Board on November 11, 1920, Consisted of representatives of the Director of Industrial Relations, the Director of Operations, and the General Comptroller, Functions: To establish stevedoring rate schedules for various ports, to negotiate contracts for stevedoring work, and to supervise stevedoring activities. Recordst 1920-31 (23 feet) in NA, Correspondence, reports, and mimeographed copies of bids, pro- posals, and contracts pertaining to stevedoring. STILL PHOTOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, Amy Medical Museum, Museum and Library Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—See ARMY MEDI- CAL MUSEUM. STIMULATION OF PRODUCTION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War La- bor Administration, Labor Department.—Authorized by the War Labor Pol icies Board on October 11, 1918, and probably ceased to function with the close of the war. Functions: To make investigations and recom- mendations concerning the stimulation of production. Records: A list of members of the Committee is filed with records of the Board in NA, STOCK AND BOND DEPARTMENT, Trusts Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.— Organized in 1917. Apparently continued as such throughout the war period. Functions; To appraise stocks, bonds, and promissory and collateral notes; to keep an income record of all stocks, bonds, and notes held by the depositories; and to exercise supervision over gen- eral administrative matters relating to stocks and bonds. Records: 1917-30 (15 feet) in NA, Include records of sales of stocks and bonds, correspondence, records of the deposit of proceeds of sales in banks, and remittances to the Alien Property Custodian upon the completion of sales. 547 STOCK RECORDS BRANCH, Operating Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department.—Organized on August 10, 1918, as a Branch of the Depot Division. Became the Stock Records Branch, Operating Division, on the establishment of that Division on August 15, 1918. Abolished on November 1, 1918, when its duties were transferred to the Domestic Operations Division, Office of the Director of Storage. Functions: To receive reports from depots, camps, posts, and other stations concerning stocks of quartermaster supplies on hand. Rec- ords: Probably among those of the Office in NA. STOCK UPKEEP SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Developed during the war and continued thereafter. Functions: To inaugurate plans for utilizing existing stocks to the maximum l?y transferring excess stocks from one yard to another. To do this, it was necessary that very comprehensive weekly and monthly reports on stock be obtained from all navy yards. As the reports came in, tabulations were made according to item and a short- age in one yard was supplied from sin excess stock in another wherever possible. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. STOCKYARDS REGULATION [PROJECT], Markets Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment,—Established in the summer of 1918 under authority of the Food and Fuel Control Act of August 10, 1917, and a Presidential procla- mation of June 18, 1918, which required the licensing of stockyard operators and livestock dealers. The project was originally en- titled "Licensing of Stock Yards." It functioned in close relation with livestock investigations and news service projects. In the fiscal year 1920 it was transferred to the Division of Live Stock, Meats, and Wool, Because of lack of funds, it ceased to exist as a project about August 1, 1920, although the Division continued to perform some of its functions until the abrogation, by joint resolu- tion of Congress of March 13, 1921, of powers derived from the Food and Fuel Control Act, Functions: To prevent improper charges and trade practices tending to interfere with the adequate supply, prop- er distribution, and rapid movement of livestock, by licensing, through the agency of the Food Administration, stockyard operators, livestock dealers, and packer-buyers; by supervising their activities; and by fostering improvements in the technical handling of livestock in transit. Records; 1918-21 (3 feet) in NA. Include correspond- ence of the project head,L. D. Hall, memoranda issued by the project, and correspondence between staff members and Bureau authorities, project officials, and the public, scattered through the central correspondence files of the Bureau. STONEWARE SECTION, CHEMICAL GLASS AND, Chemicals Division, War Indus- tries Board.—See CHEMICAL GLASS AND STONEWARE SECTION, STORAGE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See OPERATIONS CONTROL DIVISION. STORAGE AND ISSUE BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department,—Established by Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Office Order No. 17 of February 18, 1919. Still in existence on June 30, 1920, Functions: To supervise and coordinate the ac- tivities connected with the storage, distribution, and issue of sup- plies and equipment for the Army; to prepare the storage program to 548 meet Army needs; and to make sure that supply bureaus of the De- partment cooperated in their work and that storage and issue func- tions were coordinated with those of purchase, transportation, fi- nance, and the disposition of Government property. Records: "Where- abouts unknown. , STORAGE AND TRAFFIC BRANCH, Administrative Subdivision, Overseas Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and still in existence when the Division was abolished on February 1, 1919. Functions: To be responsible for obtaining such storage space as was necessary to accommodate supplies of an emergency nature and for obtaining transportation for supplies, working in cooperation with the Domestic Operations Division and through liaison with the Inland Traffic Service, Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, STORAGE AND TRAFFIC DIVISION, General Staff, War Department.—See PUR- CHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. STORAGE AND TRAFFIC SERVICE, General Staff, War Department,—See PUR- CHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. STORAGE AND TRAFFIC SUBSECTION, Supply Program Section, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUPPLY PROGRAM SECTION, STORAGE BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established about April 16, 1918, as a continuation of the Storage Division of the Storage and Traffic Service, General Staff, Discontinued in September 1918 when the Office of the Di- rector of Storage was created to assume the storage functions of the Division. Functions: To supervise and control storage facilities for Army supplies within the United States. Records: ’//hereabouts unknown. STORAGE BRANCH, Supplies Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See OPERATING DIVISION. STORAGE COMMITTEE, War Industries Board,—Originated as the Storage Facilities Subcommittee of the General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense, with Morris L. Cook as Chairman, Transferred to the War Industries Board in July 1917 and renamed the Storage Com- mittee. In February 1918 most of the agencies through which it op- erated were transferred to the War Department, and its functions were thereafter curtailed. Functions; To advise Government agencies in such matters as warehousing, distribution, and traffic control and related activities. More specifically, recommendations were made by the Storage Facilities Subcommittee in such matters as the acquisi- tion of storage areas, the extension of transportation methods, and the training of personnel for storage service. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Correspondence of the Committee is filed with that of the Inland Traffic Manager, STORAGE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— By Supply Circular No. 91 of the Division, dated September 12, 1918, 549 a Director of Storage was appointed, who was to report to the Director of Purchase and Storage. The Storage Director's Office took over the storage functions of the Division and many of those of the Quartermaster General's Office. It operated through several Divisions, including* Domestic Distribution; Domestic Operations; Overseas Distribution; Port Operations; Salvage; and Surplus Proper- ty. These operating units were designated as the Storage Service in April 1919. Both the Storage Service and the Purchase Service were discontinued in July 1920, and by Memorandum No. 6, Office of the Quartermaster General, were made Divisions of a newly created Supply Service. Functions: To have charge of the storage, dis- tribution, and issue within the United States of all supplies for the Army. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. STORAGE DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.— See OPERATING DIVISION. STORAGE DIVISION, Storage and Traffic Service, General Staff, War Department.—See STORAGE BRANCH, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division. STORAGE FACILITIES SUBCOMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—See STORAGE COMMITTEE, War Industries Board. STORAGE OPERATING BRANCH, Operating Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in the summer of 1917. Functions: To direct the operation of ordnance general supply depots and to exercise authority over storage facilities controlled by the Division; also to cooperate with ordnance officers at points of embarkation. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. STORAGE SECTION, Supply Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—Established in 1918. Later transferred with the Divi- sion to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff. Functions: To store Signal Corps supplies. Records: Among those of the Office in NA. STORAGE SERVICE, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See STORAGE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. STORAGE SUMMARIES BRANCH, Statistical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918, Functioned through several Sections, including Salvage and Interbureau Requisi- tions, Became the Storage Summaries Section of the General Statis- tics Branch, Requirements Division, about March 27, 1919. Functions; To prepare reports on interbureau requisitions, surplus supplies, domestic and overseas distribution, priorities and clearances, sal- vage, and training; and to prepare statistical questionnaires. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. STORED MATERIALS SECTION, War Industries Board.—Established in January 1918 as the Stored Materials Division; later became a Section. Discontinued on November 30, 1918. Functions: To pre- pare lists and inventories of privately owned commodities in ware- houses for the benefit of Government war purchasing and commandeering agencies, and to clear lists of inactive Government supplies on hand for the use of purchasing agencies. Records; Among those of the 550 Board in NA. Include correspondence of the Chief and records of commodities held in warehouses (9 feet). STOREHOUSES DEPARTMENT, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See DISTRIBUTION AND WAREHOUSE SECTION. STORES BRANCH, Plant Facilities Section, Inspector of Ordnance Estab- lishments, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,--See PLANT FACIL- ITIES SECTION. STORES DEPARTMENT, American Ordnance Base Depot Section, Supply Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See AMERICAN ORD- NANCE BASE DEPOT SECTION. STORES SECTION, Purchases Division, Railroad Administration,—Organized in the Central Advisory Purchasing Committee of the Finance and Pur- chases Division in October 1913. Transferred to the Purchases Di- vision on March 15, 1920, Probably discontinued with the Division on April 1, 1920, Functions: To supervise the distribution of and the accounts for material carried in stock by the railroads. Rec- ords: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 1934- STOVE AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—See PROCUREMENT SEC- TION. STOVES SECTION, Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See KITCHEN AND CAMP EQUIPMENT BRANCH. STREET RAILWAY DEPARTMENT, Public Utilities Division, National War Labor Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Probably organized with the Public Utilities Division in 1918 and terminated with the Board in 1919. The great majority of the public utilities cases that came before the Board are said to have involved street railways. The Department was also known as the Electric Railway De- partment, Functions: To handle cases arising from labor disputes involving street railways, fiecords: May be among those of the Board in NA, STRENGTH AND FUNDAMENTAL ALLOWANCE BRANCH, General Administrative Di- vision, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 25 of November 1, 1918, taking over certain of the functions of the Orders and Regulations Branch of the Division, Discontinued prior to June 1919. Functions; To issue tables of equipment and allowances for troops. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. STRUCTURAL, ENGINEERING, AND MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS DIVISION, Stand- ards Bureau, Commerce Department.—Probably organized in 1911. Suc- ceeded by the Fibrous and Organic Materials Division in 1926, Func- tions: To study and set up standards for structural, engineering, and miscellaneous materials. Records: In the National Bureau of Standards. 551 STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTION, Architectural’ and Structural Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See ARCHI- TECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DIVISION. STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPS SECTION, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.—Created on October 15, 1918. Terminated after the armistice. Functions: To handle assignments of officers, nurses, and enlisted men to units of the Students’ Army Training Corps, through liaison with the various divisions of the Office, and to supply such units with equipment and hospi- talization. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. SUBMARINE BASES SECTION, AVIATION AND, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.—See AVIATION AND SUBMARINE BASES SECTION. SUBMARINE DEVICES SPECIAL BOARD, Navy Department.—See ANTISUBMARINE DEVICES SPECIAL BOARD. SUBMARINE DIVISION, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—A Director of Submarines was appointed in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations by order of the Secretary of September 5, 1918. His office was at first at the submarine base at New London, Conn., but it was soon removed to Washington, D. C. For a time it was known as the Submarine Section of the Division of Operating Forces, and later it became the Submarine Division. Abolished on July 1, 1923, after which submarine affairs were administered in the same way as those of other units of the fleet. Functions: To consider plans for and to make recommendations to the Chief of Naval Opera- tions relating to the organization and distribution of the submarine force. Records; In the Navy Department. SUBMARINES COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.— Created on November 4, 1915. Consisted of five members; W. L. R. Emmet, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. SUBSISTENCE AND FORAGE SECTION, Purchase Summaries Branch, Statis- tical Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— See PURCHASE SUMMARIES BRANCH. SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918, and still in existence on May 19, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions: To supervise the storage, distribution, and maintenance of stocks of subsistence supplies, and to determine surplus stores. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and still in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions: To be responsible for the movement of the following classes of sup- plies to ports of embarkation and for obtaining the necessary priorities and releases; Refrigeration, packing-house products. 552 canned vegetables, sacked goods, concentrated food, and miscellaneous groceries. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA. SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, Requirements and Requisitions Division, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department,—See REQUIREMENTS AND REQUISI- TIONS DIVISION. SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE SECTION, Commodity Branch. SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized about November 30, 1918. On June 30, 1919, it was .functioning through four Sections, as follows: Packing House Products, Canned Goods, Cereals, and Miscellaneous. Functions: To have charge of the disposal of surplus foodstuffs. Records; Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA, SUBSISTENCE BRANCH, OVERSEAS, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—See OVERSEAS SUBSISTENCE BRANCH. SUBSISTENCE DIVISION, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Transferred about October 19, 1918, from the Office of the Quartermaster General, In November 1918 it functioned through an Administrative Branch, a Planning Branch, and 11 procure- ment Branches, as follows: Canned Goods; Commissary Supplies; Dehy- drated Products; Flour and Cereals; Forage; Jams, Jellies, Preserves, Syrup, and Molasses; Milk, Butter, Cheese, Eggs, and Fresh Vegetables; Packing House Products; Sugar, Spices, and Condiments; Tea, Coffee, Oils, Soap, Baking Powder, and Miscellaneous; and Tobacco. On July 15, 1920, it became the Subsistence Branch, Purchase Division, Supply Service, Functions: To supervise and coordinate the procurement, distribution, and inspection of food supplies for the Array. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SUBSISTENCE DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.— Originated in October 1917 as a branch of the Supplies Division, and on January 2, 1918, by Office Order No. 129, became the Subsistence Division, Operated through a number of Branches, including the fol- lowing: Bakery, Dehydration, Food Allotment, Inspection, Overseas Subsistence, Packing House Products, Purchasing, and United States. On October 19, 1918, the Division was transferred to the Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions; To coordinate and supervise matters connected with the procurement, distribution, and inspection of food supplies required by the Army. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. SUBSISTENCE DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See SUBSISTENCE SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division. 553 SUBSISTENCE SECTION, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Serv- ice, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department.—Established on May 19, 1919, and on November 6 became a Branch of the Supplies Division. About May 19, 1920, the Branch was established as the Subsistence Division. Functions8 To have charge of the storage and distribution to the Army of subsist- ence stores, and to dispose of surplus stocks. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. SUBSISTENCE SUBSECTION, Quartermaster Stores Section, Sales Branch, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— See QUARTERMASTER STORES SECTION. SUGAR AND FLOUR SECTION, Staple Groceries Division, Food Administration.—, Organized in January 1918 in the Distribution Division. Transferred to the Staple Groceries Division in April 1918 and returned to the Dis- tribution Division in October of the same year, where it remained until it was abolished in December 1918. The Section dealt particularly with flour, as most of the work relating to sugar was handled by the Sugar Division. Functions: To prevent speculation, hoarding, and excessive profits in the sugar and flour industries. Records: In NA. Some are filed separately, and some are interfiled with records relating to other subjects. SUGAR COMMITTEE, INTERNATIONAL.--See INTERNATIONAL SUGAR COMMITTEE SUGAR DISTRIBUTING COMMITTEE, Food Administration.—Appointed ty the Food Administrator on September 21, 1917, under the terms of an agree- ment with the beet sugar producers to distribute their crop. On September 30, 1918, the original Committee of seven members was reap- pointed and the agreement was renewed for another year. Headquarters in Chicago. Abolished on October 15, 1919. Functions: To direct the equitable and economical distribution of beet sugar. Records: 1917-19 (49 feet) in NA. Correspondence, requests for sugar ship- ments, copies of sugar sale contracts and related papers, quotations of freight rates and differentials, shipping orders, diversion orders, sales records, and minutes of Committee meetings. SUGAR DIVISION, Food Administration.—Established in August 1917} ter- minated in February 1919. Functions: To stimulate the production and reduce the consumption of sugar; to control its price so as to yield a "fair return” to the producer; to serve as a clearinghouse for sugar problems, working on questions involving policy through the International Sugar Committee, the Sugar Distribution Committee, and later the Sugar Equalization Board; and to administer sugar ra- tioning certificates. Records; 1917-19 (33 feet) in NA. Correspond- ence, reports on the amount of sugar used by manufacturers, lists of sugar dealers and of persons in the State offices concerned with sug- ar conservation, and reports on the sugar-beet industry. References; Roy G. Blakey, "Sugar Prices and Distribution Under Food Control," in Quarterly Journal of Economics. 32: (Aug. 1918); Labor Statistics Bureau, Historical Studies of Wartime Problems Division, Control of the Sugar Market During World War I (1942. Processed), SUGAR EQUALIZATION BOARD, INC.—Established by the Food Administrator as a Delaware corporation on July 11, 1918. The office of the Board was in Washington, D. C. Terminated by an Executive order of July 10, 1926, Herbert Hoover, Chairman. Functions; To equalize the disparity in price between foreign and domestic sugars and to regulate 554 their distribution by controlled purchases. After October 15, 1918, the Board cooperated with the War Trade Board in approving licenses for the importation of coffee into the United States (see also COFFEE COMMITTEE ON FREIGHTS AND LICENSES). Records; 1918-26 (150 feet) in NA. Include general correspondencej minutes of the Board; correspond- ence and minutes of affiliated committees; contracts and agreements; insurance certificates; papers relating to claims; refiners* reports on sugar receipts and stocks; copies of sugar regulations; ledgers; allotment sheets; and miscellaneous statistical data. References: Joshua Bernhardt, Government Control of the Sugar Industry in the United States (New York, 1920), and A Statistical Survey of the Sugar Industry and Trade of the United States ([New York] 1920): William C. Mullendore, History of the United States Food Administration. 1917- 1919. 175-194. (Stanford University, 1941); Harold A. Van Dorn, Govern- ment Owned Corporations, ch. 7 (New York, 1926), SUGAR, FLOUR, CEREALS, DRIED FRUIT, AND BEANS SECTION, Coordination of Purchase Division, Food Administration.—Established in the fall of 1917; terminated early in 1919. Functions: To handle allocations of syrup, rye flour, rice, commeal, rolled oats, buckwheat flour, sugar, flour, dried beans, and fruit for the Army, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. Records; 1917-19 (12 feet) in NA. Include correspond- ence, records of allotments, and requisitions. SUGAR PLANT INVESTIGATIONS OFFICE, Plant Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See PLANT INDUSTRY BUREAU. SUGAR PROGRAMME COMMITTEE, Interallied Food Council.—See INTERALLIED FOOD COUNCIL, SUGAR, SPICES, AND CONDIMENTS BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION, SUGGESTIONS AND COMPLAINTS BUREAU, Public Service Division, Railroad Administration.—Created on August 22, 1918. Under the direction of an official called the Actuary until its transfer to the Public Serv- ice Division on Febrary 1, 1919. Discontinued with the Division on March 1, 1920, Functions; To receive and answer letters of complaint, commendation, and suggestion. Records: The Division's records were authorized for disposition on March 20, 1934., SUITS, DIVISION FOR THE DEFENSE OF, Justice Department.—See DEFENSE OF SUITS DIVISION. SULPHUR AND PYRITES SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board,— Formed on April 15, 1918, as the Sulphur, Alcohol, and Pyrites Section. Became the Sulphur and Pyrites Section on May 1, when matters pertain- ing to alcohol were transferred to a separate section called the Ethyl Alcohol Section. Discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions: To stimulate and regulate the production, distribution, and use of sulphur and sulphur-bearing materials with a view to maintaining an adequate supply for all direct and indirect war requirements. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. SULPHUR SUBCOMMITTEE, Chemicals Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of Na- tional Defense.—Formed about May 1917. Dissolved in November 1917, when its functions were taken over by the Domestic Pyrites and Sulphur 555 Committee and the Production, Distribution, and Control of Sulphur Materials Committee of the Chemical Alliance, Inc,, under the direc- tion of the Sulphur and Pyrites Section of the War Industries Board. Functions: To handle for the Committee matters pertaining to sulphur. Records: Most of them were transferred to the Chemical Alliance, but a few fragments are scattered through the records of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. SULPHURIC ACID COMMITTEE, General Munitions Board, Council of National Defense.—Authorized on April 3» 1917, but never reported. Functions; To investigate and report to the General Munitions Board on manufac- turing capacity as measured against the needs of the Army and Navy. Records; Probably none. SUPERCARGO SECTION, Operating Department, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See DECK DEPARTMENT, Operations Division. SUPERIOR BLOCKADE COUNCIL,--See ALLIED BLOCKADE COMMITTEE. SUPERIOR BOARD CF CONTRACT REVIEW, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Estab- lished by Supply Bulletin No. 14 of the Branch on July 30, 1918, Con- sisted of the Director of Purchase and Supply, the Surveyor of Con- tracts, and a representative of each of the supply bureaus of the Department, Still in existence in January 1919. Functions; To consider the form of contracts and the contracting policies and methods of the supply bureaus; to pass upon contracts and such other matters pertaining to purchases as might be referred to it by higher authority; and to make recommendations on these subjects to the Director of Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic. Records; Whereabouts unkno'wn. SUPERIOR BOARD OF SALES CONTROL, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established by Supply Bulletin No. 4 of the Division on March 7, 1919. Consisted of the Director of Sales, or his assistant, as Chairman, and the chief sales officer of each sales unit of the several bureaus of the Department, In existence on June 30, 1920, Functions; To consider and make recommendations on questions referred to it by the Director of Sales, and to discuss sales policies for the purpose of general clarification. Records: Whereabouts unknown. SUPERVISION AND LIQUIDATION DIVISION, Sales Bureau, Alien Property Custodian.—Created in 1918; abolished with the Sales Bureau in 1920. Functions: To exercise supervision over sales of merchandise and other property. Records: Among those of the Corporation Management Division and the Sales Bureau in NA, SUPERVISORS AND SUPERCARGO SECTION, Operating Department, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See PURSERS' DEPARTMENT, Operations Division. SUPERVISORS DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—At first a part of the Supervisors and Supercargo Office established in January 1919; designated as a separate unit in May 1919. On February 1, 1920, it was combined with other departments of the Operations Division to form the Supervisors and Supercargo Section of the Operating Department. Functions; To procure prompt dispatch at ports, efficient loading and discharging, proper bunkering, and quick action on repairs. Records: 1919-20 (10 feet) in NA, Correspondence, forms, and reports. 556 SUPERVISORY FIELD INSPECTION SECTION, Inspection Branch, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Became part of the Branch early in 1918. Functioned through Fresh Vegetables and Tobacco Subsections. On October 19, 1918, it was transferred with the Branch to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. Functions: To have charge of the actual inspections made at Army stations by the camp subsistence officers and by traveling inspectors. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. SUPPLIES, OFFICE OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL OF, Purchase and Supply Division, General Staff, War Department.--See SURVEYOR GENERAL OF SUPPLIES, OF- FICE OF. SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTS BUREAU, Navy Department,—Organized in 1815 and known by its present name since 1892. Headed by the Paymaster General of the Navy. Functions: To maintain a centralized control over the procurement of materials for the Navy (except for the Marine Corps). Responsible for the reception, custody, storage, care, transfer, and final issue of all materials (except ammunition, medical supplies, and Marine Corps stores); the procurement, allocation, and disbursement of public moneys and credits withdrawn from the Treasury for the Navy; the keeping of the accounts and other records of materials; and the supervision of the activities of all officers of the Supply Corps. During the war the Bureau was divided into nine Divisions, as follows; Purchase, Logistics and Fuel, Overseas, Inland Traffic, Fleet, Em- ployment, Disbursing, Storage, and Accounting. Records: 1917-20 (800 feet) in NA. Consist of general files, which Include correspond- ence, contracts, schedules, Navy orders, and records of the disposi- tion of ships and other Navy property. The records of the various divisions and sections are dispersed throughout the files, which are arranged mainly by subject or type of record. References: Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Annual Reports. 1917-19; John F, Crowell, Govern- ment War Contracts, chs. 11-1A (New York, 1920); Supplies and Accounts Bureau, "Historical Record of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts . . , 1917-18" ([1919?]. Manuscript in the Office of Naval Records and Library). SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.--See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION. SUPPLIES COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,— Organized on February 12, 1917; Julius Rosenwald, Chairman, Functioned at first through the following Cooperative Committees: Cotton Goods, Woolen Manufactures, Knit Goods, Leather Equipment, Shoes and Leather Industries, Mattresses and Pillows, and Canned Goods. Reorganized in May to form four Sections: Woolen Goods, Cotton Goods, Knit Goods, and Shoes and Leather. The responsibilities of the Committee with respect to food purchases, and the Canned Goods Section were trans- ferred to the War Industries Board and subsequently to the Food Ad- ministration. The majority of the remaining staff members of the Com- mittee and most of its functions were transferred to the Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, in January 1918. At the same time the War Industries Board formed a Supplies Section to represent it temporarily with regard to textiles. This was succeeded on June 3» 1918, by the Textile and Rubber Division of the Board, which absorbed the remaining members of the Committee on Supplies. Functions: To cooperate in an advisory capacity with the purchasing officers of the War and Navy Departments in working out problems of procurement and contracting. Records; Scattered fragments are among the records of 557 the Council, the War Industries Board, and the Food Administration in NA, Others also may be in NA among those of the Quartermaster General's Office. SUPPLIES DIVISION, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engi- neer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Existed hy June 21, 1918, Operated through seven Sections, as follows: Unit Equipment, Steel Products, Tools and Hardware, Explosives, Lumber, Precise Instruments, and Office Equipment. In accordance with Supply Circular No. 99, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, of October 22, 1918, its functions were transferred to the Machinery and Engineer- ing Materials Division, Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions! To handle for the Engineering and Purchasing Department purchases of the materials indicated by the titles of its Sections, Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. SUPPLIES DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.- See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE DIVISION. SUPPLIES DIVISION, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.— Established by the consolidation of the Overseas Supply and the Do- mestic Distribution Divisions on May 19, 1919, by Office Order No. 68, Office of the Director of Storage, Operated through severed Branches, including the following: Administrative; Cable and Requisitions Serv- ice; Commodity; External Relations; Port Operations; Raw Materials and Paints; Engineer Supplies; General Supplies; Motors and Vehicles; Port and Cable; Requisition Register; Signal Supplies; and Subsist- ence, Abolished on May 19, 1920. Functions: To supervise the dis- tribution and issue of supplies to the Army, to determine surpluses, to equalize and maintain stocks, to regulate the movement of supplies, and to obtain and allocate tonnage to ports. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, SUPPLIES SECTION, War" Industries Board.—Formed in January 1918 at the same time that the majority of the members of the Supplies Committee of the Council of National Defense were transferred to the Quarter- master General's Office, War Department. Ceased functioning about May 28, 1918. Functions: To collate and analyze requirements sub- mitted by the Requirements Division, to check purchases against such requirements, to collect and analyze data on sources of supply, to control clearances and allocations, to establish uniform prices, and to increase production. The Section handled matters relating to textiles only. Records; Some are among those of the Board in NA; others are in the War Department, SUPPLY AND ACCOUNTS DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War De- partment.—See SUPPLY DIVISION. SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION UNIT, Women in Industry Branch, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.--See WOMEN IN INDUSTRY BRANCH. SUPPLY AND RELIEF SUPREME COUNCIL.—See SUPREME COUNCIL FOR SUPPLY AND RELIEF, SUPPLY AND SALES DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on May 1, 1919, as the successor to the Supply Division. On January 13, 1920, it was sep- arated from the Construction Organization and placed directly under 558 the Corporation. The Supply Department of the Operations Division iras attached to the Supply and Sales Division on April 16, 1920, but on September 1, 1921, the functions having to do with the furnishing of supplies incidental to the operation of vessels were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Vice President in Charge of Operations. On October 20, 1921, the Supply and Sales Division was replaced by the Material Sales Division of the Surplus Property Department. Functional To procure, have custody of, and distribute supplies, materials and equipment; to inventory and appraise all property in which the Corpora- tion had an ownership or investment interest; to have custody of all surplus or salvage material of the Corporation; to negotiate and set- tle canceled supply contracts with an original price of $50,000 or less; and to have jurisdiction over the sale of surplus and salvage materials. The selling function was of increasing importance until the Supply and Sales Division was replaced by the Material Sales Division. Records: 1917-24- (520 feet) in NA. Include correspond- ence, notes, memoranda, and reports relating to the purchasing, transporting, allocating, inspection, salvaging, canceling, adjust- ment, appraising, listing, and selling of raw and finished shipbuild- ing materials, equipment, machinery, instruments, and supplies; con- tracts, purchase orders, leases, agreements, and requisitions; bids and quotations; lists, inventories, and appraisals of material; and sales receipts. SUPPLY COMMITTEE, GENERAL, Treasury Department.--See GENERAL SUPPLY COMMITTEE. SUPPLY CONTROL DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established in the latter part of 1917 as the Requirements Branch, Warehousing Division. Became the Quartermaster Supply Control Bureau on January 26, 1918 (by Office Order No. 202). The Bureau was reorganized as the Supply Control Division on April 16 (by Office Order No. 376), at which time it took over the functions of the Methods Control Division of the Office. Abolished on October 28 when its functions were taken over by the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Functions: To prepare data on requirements and to con- trol the distribution of quartermaster supplies. Records: With those of the Office in NA. SUPPLY DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—Officially established on April 2, 1919. Became the Supply Section of the Operating Department, Operations Division, on February 1, 1920, Functions: To supervise purchases of materials, supplies, and equipment for the account of the Operations Division and to supervise storekeeping methods and the sale of surplus mate- rial and equipment. Records: 1918-20 (18 feet) in NA, in the files of the Supply and Sales Division of the Construction Organization, Correspondence. SUPPLY DIVISION, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.— Established when the Office was reorganized on April 1, 1918, and became the Supply and Accounts Division on July 17. Reconstituted as the Supply Division when the Office was again reorganized on September 7. Operated through the following Sections: Requisition, Storage, and Traffic. Later transferred to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff as a part of its Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service. Functions: To control material after release by a manufacturer or seller, to control and operate depots of the Signal Corps, to initiate requisi- tions for the maintenance of stock balances, to supply material upon 559 requisition, and to forward requisitions to the Procurement Division for stock not on hand. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, SUPPLY DIVISION, Construction and'Repair Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the entry of the United States into the war. Dis- continued about 1930. Functions: To obtain such supplies and mate- rials for ships and shore stations as fell within the cognizance of the Bureau. The Division handled questions relating to priority of purchase and delivery and had charge of the inspection of material. Records; In NA among the general files of the Bureau. SUPPLY DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Created on June 12, 1918, as the successor to the Production, Purchasing, and Transportation Divisions. Succeeded by the newly established Supply and Sales Division on May 1, 1919. Functions; T0 negotiate and award contracts for ship materials, apparatus, supplies, and equipment purchased by the Corporation; to exercise supervision over the purchasing, production, allocation, and delivery of shipbuilding materials; and to establish and operate storage yards and storehouses for material in transit to shipyards. Records; 1918-20 (37 feet) in NA. Consist of so-called "hull cards" indicating the type and quantity of materials needed for the building of all ships in each district. The majority of the records were in- corporated in the general files of the Supply and Sales Division. SUPPLY DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created on May 23, 1917, by Ordnance Office Order No. 7, and included the fol- lowing Sections; American Ordnance Base Depot, Auxiliary, Construction, General Administration, Operating, and planning and Control, On De- cember 2, 191S, the duties of those parts of the Division having to do with the storage, distribution, and issue of ordnance material, other than ammunition and its components, were transferred to the Of- fice of the Director of Purchase and Storage, The Division continued to furnish information concerning the supply of ordnance material to the Army, as well as estimates of requirements for tonnage for oversea shipments. Functions: To be informed as to the ordnance supplies to be required by the military forces and the time and place that those supplies would be needed; to be informed as to the orders given for the production of such supplies and the probable time of their de- livery, and to give notice to the Chief of Ordnance whenever there appeared a probable failure of availability of supplies when needed; to handle all sales of ordnance materials except those of components to manufacturers; to take charge of ordnance stores procured by purchase or manufacture for issue; and to arrange for the shipment of such stores to the proper points for storage and custody, for their preservation from deterioration, and for their issue to the troops or other properly authorized persons. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. SUPPLY DIVISION, Steam Engineering Bureau, Navy Department.—In exist- ence before the war. In 1917 the following Sections were established; Contract Follow-Up; Priority; Production; Requisition Follow-Up; Requisition; and Ships' Allowance. The Division worked in close cooperation with the Compensation Board, In September 1930 its functions were transferred to the newly created Division of Design and Construction of the Engineering Bureau. Functions; To handle matters relating to the obtaining of engineering supplies and other materials under cognizance of the Bureau, to the outfitting of naval 560 vessels, and to the construction of vessels under cost-plus profits and percentage contracts. Records: 1911-30 (in part combined with the general files of the Bureau of Engineering) in NA. Chiefly cor- respondence and contracts. References: Navy Department, Annual Re- port. 1918, p. 537-538; Robert S. Griffin, History of the Bureau of Engineering. Navy Department. During the World War. 5» 155-158 (Naval Records and Library Office, Publication 5. Washington, 1922). SUPPLY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See FINANCE AND SUPPLY DIVISION. SUPPLY PROGRAM SECTION, Purchase and Supply Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about April 20, 1918, Its requirements functions were transferred to the Statistics and Requirements Branch of the Division, and the Section became the External Relations Branch of the Division. Func- tioned through five Subsections, as follows; Array Program, Require- ments, Storage and Traffic, Commodity, and Replacement. Discontinued about September 5, 1918. Functions; To determine supply require- ments on the basis of the Array program; to represent the Department on the Requirements Committee of the War Industries Board; to super- vise the work of Department commodity committees; and to supervise the execution of replacement obligations and purchases and sales relations with the Allied Governments. Records; Whereabouts unknown. SUPPLY SECTION, Military Aeronautics Division, War Department.—Created on May 21, 1918. Functioned through three Branches; Engineering, Finance, and Traffic and Storage. Functions; To supervise the pur- chasing, furnishing, and transportation of materials and equipment to aviation fields, schools, and depots. The Section accepted, stored, and delivered the products of the Bureau of Aircraft Production, was responsible for disbursements, directed construction activities, and supervised the maintenance of mechanical equipment. Records: In the offices of the Air Forces, War Department. SUPPLY SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—Formed on September 1, 1918, from the Supply Division. Functions: To pass upon requisitions from ships and shore stations and designate methods of obtaining material; to supervise the upkeep and distribution of stocks at all navy yards and naval stations; and to prepare schedules for the purchase, salvage, and sale of material. Records: Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. SUPPLY SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.— In existence prior to the war. Functions: To have charge of the preparation, issue, and correction of ordnance allowance lists; the assembly, shipment, and issue of all ordnance material except that specifically under the jurisdiction of other sections; and the as- signment and issue of armament to tugs, patrol vessels, vessels of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, the merchant marine, and all auxiliary vessels of the naval service. It controlled the distribution of ammunition to all armed ships, together with the distribution of explosive devices, such as Y-guns and depth charges. Records; In the Navy Department, SUPPLYING AND MAINTAINING TROOPS AT LOADING PLANTS, BOARD OF OFFICERS FOR, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Appointed on October 16 and dissolved on November 2, 1918. Functions; On behalf of the Office to take entire charge of arrangements for supplying and 561 maintaining troops at ammunition-loading plants. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. SUPREME COUNCIL, Peace Conference,—Came into existence on January 12, 1919, as a result of an informal meeting of the heads of the four Great Powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy). Representatives of Japan were added to the Council on January 13, 1919. It was modeled on the Supreme War Council and when the foreign ministers of the four Great Powers were present it operated as the Council of Ten. This latter body was divided later into the Council of Four and the Council of Five (Council of Foreign Ministers), which councils after the signing of the Versailles Treaty were superseded by the Council of Heads of Delegations, Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, and the Council of Ambassadors. The Supreme Council formally came to an end on January 21, 1920, but was revived, on occasion, for brief periods. Functions: To direct and decide on the policies and procedure of the Paris Peace Conference, Records: Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Ne- gotiate Peace, References; H, W. V. Temperley, ed., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p. 247 et seq., 499 (London, 1920)} James T. Shotwell, At the Paris Peace Conference. 36, 117 (New York, 1937). SUPREME COUNCIL OF SUPPLY AND RELIEF.—Established on January 11, 1919, ty the Allied and Associated Powers, and the new organization on the same day set up a Permanent Committee. Herbert Hoover was named Director-General of Relief. On February ZU, 1919, the Supreme Eco- nomic Council absorbed the Permanent Committee and created a Food Section to take over its work. This marked the termination of the Supreme Council of Supply and Relief, Functions: To investigate "the relief requirements of Europe, to determine the general policies and measures which should be carried out, and to coordinate the re- lief efforts of the several governments." Records: In the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University. Ref- erences: Frank M. Surface and Raymond L. Bland, American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period. 28-29 (Stanford University, 1931); Nina Almond and Harold H. Fisher, Special Collections in the Hoover Library on War. Revolution, and Peace. 26-27 (Stanford Uni- versity. 1940): H« W. V. Temperley. ed.. A History of the Peace Con- ference of Paris, vol. 1, p. 295-296 (London, 1920). SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL.—Established upon the recommendation of President Wilson at a session of the Supreme War Council on February 10, 1919. First met at Paris on February 17, 1919, and at the be- ginning of each week thereafter. The Council originally consisted of five delegates from each of the four principal Allied Powers. Later, Belgium sent delegates, American delegates were: Norman H, Davis, Vance C. McCormick, Edward N. Hurley, Herbert Hoover, and Bernard M, Baruch. Americans headed four of the seven Sections, as follows: Norman H. Davis, Finance; Vance C. McCormick, Blockade Control; Herbert Hoover, Food; and Bernard M, Baruch, Urgent Business. The other Sections were: Shipping; Raw Materials; and Communica- tions. Numerous committees also served the Council, considering such problems as the League of Nations, territories, reparations, international labor legislation, waterways, and railways. An American Economic Committee deliberated upon and dealt with prob- lems affecting American policy. The Council continued until 1921, but the American representatives for one reason or another had withdrawn by September 1919. Lord Robert Cecil, Chairman, Functions: To decide upon essential questions relating to war and peace not 562 primarily of a military nature, and to absorb or gradually take the place of various interallied organizations, the duties of which were diminishing as a result of the ending of the war. Records: Yrtiere- abouts unknown. Minutes of the meetings of the Council are in the State Department. References: Edward M. House, The Intimate Papers of Colonel House, vol. 4, p. 2A0n, 276, 277 (Boston [1928]); State Department, Foreign Relations. 1919, vol. 1, p, 8-9; H, W. V. Temperley, ed,, A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, vol. 1, p, 296-333 (London, 1920). SUPREME WAR COUNCIL.—Created at the Conference of Rapallo on November 7, 1917, by the representatives of Great Britain, Italy, and France, the United States indicating its adherence 10 days later. Held meet- ings monthly which were attended by the Prime Minister and a member of the ministry of each of the three European powers. President Wilson first attended the Council when he went to Europe to partici- pate in the Peace Conference, A permanent military representative with his staff was attached to the Council, The members of the Supreme War Council formed the nucleus of the Peace Conference when it convened in January 1919. Functions; To coordinate the efforts of the Allies to bring the war to a successful termination. The Coun- cil had jurisdiction over the following organizations; Interallied Council on War Purchases and Finance, Allied Maritime Transport Coun- cil, Allied Transportation Council, Alii ed Blockade Committee, Allied Naval Council, Military Council, Interallied Programme Committees, Interallied Food Council, and Interallied Munitions Council, Records; Whereabouts unknown. SURFACE WATERS DIVISION, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey, Interior Department.—In existence before the war. Cooperated with the Weather Bureau and the War Department in furnishing data used when water-power or navigation projects were undertaken. Still in existence. Functions; To collect data on surface waters. Records; In the Water Resources Branch. SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE, War Department.—An act of April U, 1818, provided for a Surgeon General to supervise the activities of the Medical Department, During the period of the war, the Office of the Surgeon General operated through various Divisions, including the fol- lowing: Air Service Medical; Food and Nutrition; General Surgery; Hos- pital; Infectious Diseases and Laboratories; Internal Medicine; Medicine; Neurology and Psychiatry; Physical Reconstruction; Sanitation; Surgery; and Surgery of the Head. There was also an Historical Board (after 1919 the Historical Division), Functions; To advise the Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff upon masters relating to the health, sanitation, and physical fitness of the Army; to handle the adminis- tration of the medical service in all its branches, as well as the supervision of the expenditures of the Medical Department appropria- tions; and to administer the general hospitals, hospital ships, trains, and medical supply depots. The function of administering the supply depots was transferred to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion on November 15, 1918, Records; 1898-1927 (1,859 feet) in NA. Include the decimal correspondence files of the Office, 1917-27, among them the general files and various project files (968 feet); records of the Finance and Supply Division, 1898-1921 (A6A feet), consisting largely of contracts for medical and hospital supplies and correspondence relating thereto; shipping papers pertaining to the distribution of medical, surgical, end veterinary supplies; correspondence pertaining to the financial relations of the Medical 563 Department and the American National Red Cross; and records of the Personnel Division, 1917-22 (337 feet), consisting largely of re- turns of the enlisted force of the Medical Department. The remainder of the records are in the Surgeon General's Office. References: Surgeon General's Office, Annual Reports. 1917-21, and Medical De- partment of the United States Amy in the World War, especially vol. 1, p. 123-54-0 (Washington, 1923-29. 15 vols.); James A. Tobey, The Medical Department of the Army.(Baltimore, 1927). SURGEONS SUBCOMMITTEE, CLASSIFICATION OF, Surgery Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See GLASSIFICATION OF SURGEONS SUB- COMMITTEE. SURGEONS SUBCOMMITTEE, RAILWAY, Industrial Medicine and Surgery Com- mittee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See RAILWAY SURGEONS SUBCOMMITTEE. SURGERY BUREAU, MEDICINE AND, Navy Department.—See MEDICINE AND SURGERY BUREAU. SURGERY COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Formed as the Surgical Methods Committee about April 18, 1917; on September 1917, reorganized as the Surgical Specialties Committee; and a few weeks later renamed the General Surgery Committee or Surgery Com- mittee. Absorbed by the Surgeon General's Office, War Department, during the summer of 1918. Functions; To act as liaison agent between the surgeons of the country and the Government. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. SURGERY COMMITTEE, INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AND, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY COMMITTEE. SURGERY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Created on November 30, 1918, when Office Order No. 97 reduced to section status the former Divisions of General Surgery, Military and Ortho- pedic Surgery, Surgery of the Head, and Roentgenology and attached them to the new Division, together with the Dermatology and Urology Section of the Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division. On September 9, 1919, the Division became a Section of the Hospital Division. Functions: To provide trained surgical personnel for the military service, standardize surgery and surgical equipment, inspect the surgical staffs of hospitals, maintain and increase surgical efficiency in hospitals, and investigate special surgical problems. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. SURGERY DIVISION, GENERAL, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.— See GENERAL SURGERY DIVISION. SURGERY OF THE HEAD DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established on July 9, 1917. Functioned through the follow- ing Sections; Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Plastic and Oral Surgery, and Brain Surgery. Transferred to the Surgery Division as a Section on November 30, 1918, in compliance with Office Order No. 97. Functions; To standardize equipment and material; to re- vise Army entrance requirements as regards eye, ear, nose, and throat; and to provide for the military service personnel especially 56A qualified to care for diseases and injuries of the brain, eye, ear, nose, throat, face, and jaws. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, SURGERY SECTION, Hospital Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War De partment.—See SURGERY DIVISION. SURGERY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. SURGICAL METHODS COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanita- tion Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See SURGERY COMMITTEE. SURGICAL PATHOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE, Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equipment Committee, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. SURGICAL SPECIALTIES COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sani tation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— See SURGERY COMMITTEE. SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE, STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See STANDARDIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE. SURPLUS PROPERTY DIVISION, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—A Surplus Stocks Division was estab- lished in this Office on October 28, 1918, but it never functioned. Purchase and Storage Notice No. 87 of November 20, 1918, replaced it with the Surplus Property Division. The latter Division was trans- ferred to the Office of the Quartermaster General on April 7, 1920, by Purchase and Storage Notice No. 76, and on July 15, 1920, it be- came a Branch of that Office. Functions: To have charge of the disposal of materials held by the Department declared to be surplus. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. SURPLUS PROPERTY SUBSECTION, Clothing and Equipage Section, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SECTION, SURPLUS STOCKS DIVISION, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department.—See SURPLUS PROPERTY DIVISION. SURVEY AND CONSULTING ENGINEERS BOARD, Shipping Board.—Members ap- pointed on April 6, 1917. Resigned on August 1, 1919. The Chair- man, Frank S. Martin, remained in the New York office of the Ship- ping Board and kept the files open until February 1920. Functions; To survey and prepare for operation the German and Austrian ships seized in April 1917 and turned over to the Shipping Board by Executive order of June 31» 1917; and later to assist the Office of the Special Agent in Cleveland, Ohio, in bringing Great Lakes vessels 565 to the ocean and to make investigations of repairs, improvements, collisions, damages, and vessel maintenance problems. The Board To Appraise Enemy Vessels, appointed by the Secretary of the Navy, ascertained the actual value of the vessels seized so that the find- ings could be used as evidence in any claims for compensation. Records! 1917-20 (25 feet) in NA. Correspondence relating to surveys of re- pairs, drydocking, and adjustments of the value and cost of vessels taken over by the Shipping Board, SURVEY AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized by authority of the War Labor Policies Board as the Industrial Service Section of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Labor Department and later transferred to the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau under the new name. On August 15, 1918, it absorbed the functions of the Preliminaiy Investigation Division and the Statistical Division of the Housing Corporation. It included a Computation Section and Inter- departmental, Statistical, Surveys, and Utility Branches. Abolished after the armistice, Functions: To exercise control over preliminary investigations and industrial surveys conducted by the Corporation and over the personnel engaged thereinj to obtain assistance from civic and other bodies in making such surveys; and to assemble and compile data obtained by means of surveys. It cooperated with the Joint Board of Industrial Surveys after its creation in October 1918. Also to handle the final negotiation and settlement of questions con- nected with public or private utilities. Records: 1918-20 (15 feet) in NA. Correspondence, reports, blueprints, and questionnaires. SURVEYING AND PRINTING SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions: To render surveying and printing service for the Office and for the Corps of Engineers. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, SURVEYOR GENERAL OF SUPPLIES, OFFICE OF, Purchase and Supply Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established by General Orders No. 14, War Department, on February 9, 1918, Abolished by General Orders No. 36 on April 16, 1918, Functions: To supervise and coordinate the procurement of munitions and other supplies for the Army, Records: Whereabouts unknown. SURVEYOR OF CONTRACTS, War Department.—An official appointed by the Secretary of War on June 14, 1918. In the reorganization of September 5, 1918, he was placed in charge of the Purchase Branch of the Pur- chase, Storage, and Traffic Division. The Surveyor of Contracts be- came a member of the Superior Board of Contract Review, which was established in July 1918. Functions; To establish in each supply bureau of the Department a board of contract review; to pass on the final form of proposed purchase transactions; and to consider ques- tions of purchase and contract policy within the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Records; Whereabouts unknown. SYNDICATE FEATURES DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.—Estab- lished in August 1917. Discontinued on July 1, 1918. L. Ames Brown and William MacLeod Raine, Directors successively. Functions: To utilize the writers of the country in preparing end disseminating interpretative articles on the war. Records: In the custody of the Council of National Defense in 1920, but probably disposed of in 1928 as useless papers. Information concerning the work of the Division is contained in the files of the Executive Division in NA. 566 SYNTHETIC DRUGS COMMITTEE, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—Created in 1916 as a subcommittee of the Chemistry Committee, under the chairmanship of Julius Stieglitz. Be- came a part of the Division when it was organized in 1918. Functions: The Committee cooperated with the Federal Trade Commission, in the granting of licenses for the manufacture of synthetic drugs by patented processes belonging to the enemy. It also cooperated with the Com- mission and with the Public Health Service in ensuring the production of adequate quantities of licensed drugs and in standardizing the meth- ods of manufacture and testing of certain drugs. Records: In the Na- tional Research Council. SYNTHETIC DYE AND INTERMEDIATES SECTION, Chemicals Division, War In- dustries Board.—See ARTIFICIAL DYES AND INTERMEDIATES SECTION. 567 T TABULATION AND STATISTICS DIVISION, Research and Statistics Bureau, War Trade Board,—Created on October 15, 1917, as the Tabulation and Statistics Bureau of the Board, taking over the tabulating and statistical work of the Research Division of the Export Licenses Bureau of the former Exports Administrative Board. Became a Divi- sion of the Research and Statistics Bureau on November 12, 1918. Transferred in June 1919 to the War Trade Board Section, State De- partment. Functions: To supply the other bureaus of the Board and other Government agencies with facts and figures regarding im- ports, exports, and licenses issued by the Board. Records; 1917- 19 (9 feet) in the State Department. Include statistical tables on imports and exports and on import and export licenses. TANK AND TRACTOR GROUP, Gauge Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See GAUGE BRANCH TANK BRANCH, Domestic Operations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See DOMESTIC OPERA- TIONS DIVISION. TANK CAR RECORD OFFICE, Car Service Section, Operation Division, Rail- road Administration.—Created on July 1, 1918; probably abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions: To increase daily tank-car performance by keeping regional directors informed as to tank-car delays and movements. Records; Probably in the custody of the Association of American Railroads. TANK CORPS DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, War Department.—On February 18, 1918, the Tank Service of the National Army was created and placed under the control of the Chief of Engineers as a branch of the Corps of Engineers. On March 6, 1918, the Secretary of War directed that it be made a separate and independent Corps, under a Director. It was transferred from Washington to Camp Meade, Md., by General Orders, No. 100, of August 12, 1919, effective on August 15, and was ab- sorbed into the tank organization returning from France. Functions; To supervise the procurement and operation of tanks. Records; In the offices of the Ground Forces, War Department. TANK DIVISION, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Apparently formed in August or September 1918 to take over work incidental to the production of tanks hitherto handled by the Tanks Branch, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division. Functions; To handle pur- chases and matters pertaining to the manufacture of tanks for the Ordnance Department. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TANK STEAMER AND CHARTERING EXECUTIVE, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See CHARTERING COMMITTEE and TANK STEAMER EXECUTIVE, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board. TANK STEAMER DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—This unit experienced a number of vicissitudes. 568 Established as a Division under the Operations Division in September 1917, it became in February 1913 the Tank Steamer Executive's Office under the Shipping Control Committee of the Shipping Board, With the termination of this Committee, the tank steamer unit was returned to the Operations Division of the Corporation (Jan. 1919), where it was known as the Tank Steamer Department. In May 1919, it was abol- ished and its duties were transferred to the Contract Department. Functions: To approve tank-steamer charters and to exercise super- vision over tank steamers. Records; 1917-19 (8 feet) in NA. Corre- spondence, reports, and memoranda. TANK STEAMER EXECUTIVE'S OFFICE, Shipping Control Committee, Shippin. Board,—See TANK STEAMER DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, TANK BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about January 15, 1918, Its functions were taken over by the new Tank Division after Septem- ber 5, 1918, Functions; To handle purchases of tanks for the Ord- nance Department, Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TANKS GROUP, Motor and Carriage Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH. TANNING MATERIALS AND NATURAL DYES SECTION, Chemicals Division, War In- dustries Board.—Formed on May 1, 1913, as the Tanning Materials Sec- tion. Later vegetable dyes were transferred to its jurisdiction from that of the Artificial Dyes and Intermediates Section, and about Oc- tober 1, 1918, its name was changed to Tanning Materials and Natural Dyes Section, Discontinued after the armistice. Functions; To allo- cate the imported wattle bark, divi-divi, and mangrove bark and, in cooperation with the Department of Labor, to bring about an increase of production of chestnut wood extract and the main domestic tanning extracts; also to look after the importation and allocation of vege- table dyes and inedible oils, fats, and waxes. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. TANNING MATERIALS SECTION, Hide and Leather Control Branch, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.—See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH. TANNING MATERIALS SECTION, HIDE, LEATHER, AND, Finished Products Divi- sion, War Industries Board,—See HIDE, LEATHER, AND LEATHER GOODS DIVISION. TARIFF COMMISSION.—A body of six members created by the Revenue Act of September 8, 1916* and organized on March 31, 1917. Functions; To gather tariff information for the use of the President and Con- gress. Its war efforts consisted of studies of the war's effect on significant industries and commodities, including a special investi- gation of costs in the sugar industry made on behalf of the Food Ad- ministration and the collection of data on trade disturbances and on conditions likely to follow the close of hostilities. Each of the six Commissioners was called on for special service with one or more war agencies. Records: In the Tariff Commission, except for a few papers in NA (2 feet) pertaining to the establishment of free ports, 1917-18, and some data on the organization and functions of the Com- mission, References; Joshua Bernhardt, The Tariff Commission, 17- 19 (New York, 1922); Tariff Commission, Annual Reports, 1917-19, 569 TARIFF DIVISION, FOREIGN, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Com- merce Department.—See FOREIGN TARIFF DIVISION. TAX ADVISERS BOARD, EXCESS PROFITS, Internal Revenue Bureau, Treasury- Department. —See EXCESS PROFITS TAX ADVISERS BOARD. TAX BOARD, ADVISORY, Internal Revenue Bureau, Treasury Department.—See ADVISORY TAX BOARD. TAXES SECTION, ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING AND EXCESS-PROFITS, War Min- erals Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS. TAXPAYERS’ COOPERATION DIVISION, Internal Revenue Bureau, Treasury De- partment.—Created in 1917. Functions; To conduct a campaign of public education in connection with the war-revenue law of 1917. Records: Whereabouts unknown. TEA, COFFEE, OILS, SOAP, BAKING POWDER, AND MISCELLANEOUS BRANCH, Sub- sistence Division, Purchase Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. TEACHERS' AND PROFESSIONAL DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Depart- ment.—See ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION DIVISION. TECHNICAL AIRCRAFT BOARD, JOINT ARMY AND NAVY.—-See JOINT ARMY AND NAVY TECHNICAL AIRCRAFT BOARD. TECHNICAL AND CONSULTING SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.—Originally established as the Technical Section of the Chem- icals and Explosives Division. On December 3, 1917, the name was changed to Technical and Consulting Section. Discontinued soon after the armistice. Functions; To offer advice and to investigate new processes of production and substitution. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. TECHNICAL BOARD, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED TECHNICAL BOARD. TECHNICAL BRANCH, Inspection Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department,—Created during the latter part of 1917. Functioned through the following Units; Explosive, Metallurgical, Mechanical, and Gauge. Transferred to the Inspection Division by Ordnance Office Order No. 93 of January 2, 1918, Functions; To be responsible for the proper manufacture of all materiel under its jurisdiction, in accordance with the contracts, specifications, drawings, and instructions furnished to it by the Design and Pur- chase Sections; to handle correspondence with reference to inspec- tion; to keep records of inspections and tests; to prepare lists of master and inspection gauges needed for inspection purposes, the gauges to be designed and furnished by the Design and Purchase Sec- tions; and to have control of the issue of these gauges, their care, use, and safekeeping, and the inspection of gauges supplied by the contractors. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT, Construction Division, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See TECHNICAL SECTION, Ship Construction Division. TECHNICAL DIVISION, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Department.—In existence prior to the war. During the war it functioned through the following 570 Sections: Armor and Projectile; Aviation Ordnance; Buildings and Grounds; Design; Experimental; Fire-Control and Optical; Gun; Gun Mount; Mines and Net; Nitrates and Acids; Powder, Explosives, and Fuse; Priorities; Ship Protection; Supply; Torpedo; and Turret Mount. There was also a Cost Board Officer. Functions: To design, manu- facture, purchase, and distribute naval ordnance material, and to in- vestigate scientific questions relating to ordnance and gunnery. Records; Among the general files in the Navy Department. TECHNICAL INSTRUMENTS SECTION, Machinery and Engineering Materials Branch, Surplus property Division, Storage Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MACHINERY AND ENGINEER- ING MATERIALS BRANCH. TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION GROUP, Instrument, Machinery, and Container Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department.—See INSTRUMENT, MACHINERY, AND CONTAINER BRANCH TECHNICAL RESEARCH SECTION, Petroleum Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See PETROLEUM DIVISION. TECHNICAL SECTION, Military Aeronautics Division, War Department,—Cre- ated on May 21, 1918, Functions > To have charge of the design of airplane armament, instruments, engines, and radiators; also to pass on designs of aircraft and accessories submitted by the Bureau of Air- craft Production. Records; In the offices of the Air Forces, War De- partment. TECHNICAL SECTION, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—This unit went through a variety of changes. Originated on August 20, 1917, as the Technical Department of the Construction Division. In December 1917 it was placed under the formal jurisdiction of the Steel Ship Con- struction Division, although it functioned both for that Division and the Wood Ship Construction Division, On June 26, 1918, it became the Engineering Section of the Steel Ship Construction Division, and it achieved independent status within the Ship Construction Division up- on the establishment of the latter in January 1919. Its name was changed to Technical Section on September 15, 1919, and as such it operated through the following Branches; Scientific, Requisition, Specifications, Otter Gear, Machinery, and Hull, It appears to have been discontinued about April 15, 1920. In November 1920 a Techni- cal Department was reestablished as a part of the Construction and Repair Division. Functions; To examine, prepare, and approve de- signs, plans, and specifications for wood and steel ships; and to examine and report on all technical matters in connection with the emergency shipbuilding program which were referred to the Section. Records; 1917-21 (52 feet) in NA, including the records of the Specifications Branch, 1917-20 (19 feet); the Otter Gear Branch, 1917-21 (17 feet); the Machinery Branch, 1917-20 (7 feet); and the Hull Branch, 1917-20 (6 feet). General correspondence, memoranda, notes, and reports on the technical and engineering aspects of ship- building and on protective devices against submarine attack; speci- fications; and copies of contracts. Some of the records of the Requisition Branch are among the records of the Supply and Sales Division. Other files, including blueprints, are in the possession of the Maritime Commission. TECHNICAL SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department,—See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. 571 TECHNICAL SERVICE SECTION, Maintenance and Repair Branch, Construction Division, War Department.-—Probably created before the war as a Sec- tion of the Construction and Repair Division, Quartermaster General's Office. This Division became the Maintenance and Repair Branch of the Cantonment Division of the Office on October 10, 1917, and was transferred to the Construction Division upon the formation of that Division on March 13, 1918. Functions: To direct the technical serv- ice in maintenance and repair work on Army construction projects. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. TECHNOLOGICAL BRANCH, Explosives Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EXPLOSIVES AND LOADING BRANCH, Executive Section, TECHNOLOGY BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration,—Established on May 10 and terminated in November 1918. Functions: To achieve standardization of petroleum products and" natural gas; to establish fair prices and priority lists; and to publicize technological de- velopments. Matters relating to prices and priorities were even- tually transferred to the Oil Well Supplies Bureau and the Prices and Licenses Bureau, Records: In NA. Include correspondence, re- ports, memoranda, questionnaires, and tabulations (6 incnes) filed separately from the central files of the Division, TELEGRAPH AND CABLE BRANCH, Administration Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral’s Office, War Department.—Originated as the Expeditionary Cable Branch of the Methods Control Division, created on April 16, 1918. Shortly thereafter it became the Telegraph and Cable Branch of the Administration Division. Functions: To handle telegraphs and cables to and from the Office and overseas. Records: Among those of the Office in NA. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE ADMINISTRATION, Post Office Department.—Under authority of a joint resolution of Congress of July 16, 1918, the President on July 22 issued a proclamation taking over the telegraph and telephone systems and directing that their control and operation be vested in the Postmaster General. Under orders of the Postmaster General issued on July 23 and August 1, the Telegraph and Telephone Administration was organized to assume such control. It functioned through the Wire Control Board appointed on the former date. Marine cables were taken over by a Presidential proclamation of November 2, 1918, and were returned to their owners on May 2, 1919- The tele- graph and telephone systems were returned to their owners on July 31, 1919. The Administration ceased to function in 1921, Functions; To assume possession and control of the telegraphs, and marine cables; and to settle claims for compensation. Records; Whereabouts unknown. References: Post Office Department, Govem- ment Control and Operation of Telegraph, Telephone, and Marine Gable Systems'August 1, 19l8-july jl, 1919 (Washington, l92l). TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Transportation and Com- munication Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National De- fense.—Organized some time before March 19, 1917- Consisted of five members. Not very active after January 1918, Functions; To coordinate operations of the several wire systems in order to facili- tate Government communications; and to provide new lines between key cities in the United States, special communication systems for the various cantonments, and special services required by the railroads in moving troops. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. 572 TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE SUBSECTION, News Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.— See NEWS SECTION. TELEGRAPH SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Administration,- Created on July 1, 1918; abolished on December 31, 1919. Functions: To supervise, coordinate, and increase the efficiency of telephone' and telegraph facilities belonging to railroads under Federal con- trol; to stucfy the contractual relations between the commercial tele- graph companies and the railroads; and to give attention to proper maintenance of telephone and telegraph equipment. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193h. TELEGRAPH SECTION, CABLE AND, Positive Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CABLE AND TELEGRAPH SECTION. TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES OPERATING BOARD, Wire Control Board, Tele- graph and Telephone Administration, Post Office Department.—See WIRE CONTROL BOARD. TELEPHONE AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Purchase Section, Procure- ment Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PURCHASE SECTION. TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH BRANCH, Production Section, Procurement Divi- sion, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See PRODUCTION SECTION. TERMINAL FACILITIES SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established upon the creation of the Division in March 1918. Functions; Responsible for such mat- ters at various navy yards and terminals as track and storage facili- ties, public works, docks, and engineering features. Records: Proba bly among the general files of the Bureau in NA. TERMINATION SECTION, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Of- fice, War Department.—Established in the latter part of 1918. Func- tions: To investigate contracts and orders to be suspended, terS- naied, or canceled, and to prepare data thereon for presentation to the Board of Review. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM DIVISION, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Commerce Department,—In existence before the war. Succeeded by the Terres- trial Magnetism and Seismology Division in 1926. Functions: To prepare plans for field operations of magnetic surveys; to direct and inspect parties in the field and magnetic observatories; and to discuss the results of magnetic work. During the war it supplied data to the War and Navy Departments on various aspects of magnet- ism as related to submarines. Records: Magnetic observations and seismograph records covering the period of the war are in NA. Other records are in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. TERRITORIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLETIGAL INTELLIGENCE DIVISION, American Commission to Negotiate Peace,—See AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE. 573 TEXTILE AND RUBBER DIVISION, War Industries Board.—Established as the Textile Division on June 3» 1918, and absorbed such members of the Committee on Supplies of the Council of National Defense as had not earlier been assigned to other agencies; about July 2h, 1918, rubber was added to its jurisdiction and the name of the Division was changed to Textile and Rubber Division, Discontinued about December 18, 1918. Functions: To cooperate with other Government agencies in the pro- curement of supplies of textiles and rubber goods; to establish and maintain relations between the Board and the industry; and to deter- mine how to meet civilian requirements and safeguard civilian inter- ests, Records: 1917-19 (l£5> feet) in NA. Include correspondence, questionnaires, reports, card lists, and other records of the Cotton and Cotton Linters, Cotton Goods, Domestic Wool, Felt, Flax Products, Foreign Wool, Knit Goods, Rubber, Silk, and Woolens Sections and the Noils and Waste Administrator’s Office. The files of many of these units, however, are very fragmentary; other records are probably in the consolidated or "commodity” files of the Board. TEXTILE AND TEXTILE EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Inspection Section, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See INSPECTION SECTION. TEXTILE EQUIPMENT SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Of- fice, War Department,—Created in 1917. Became the Textile Equip- ment Branch, Equipment Section, Procurement Division, on January lU, 1918. Functions: To procure equipment manufactured from textiles, wool, or cotton, such as haversacks, pack carriers, cartridge belts, canteen covers, and intrenching tool covers. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, TEXTILE SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War De- partment.—Created in 1917. Became the Textile Branch, Equipment Section, Procurement Division, on January 1U, 1918. Functions: To procure cotton and woolen textiles, including duck, webbing, and horse blankets. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TEXTILE SUBDIVISION, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Established on June lh and abol- ished in October 1918 upon the transfer of the Division to the Of- fice of the Director of Purchase, Functions: To supervise the procurement of textile goods. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA. TEXTILES AND FABRICS COMMITTEE, CHEMISTRY OF, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Division, National Research Council.—See CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES AND FABRICS COMMITTEE. TEXTILES SECTION, Purchase Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See PURCHASE DIVISION. THEATER DIVISION, LIBERTY, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—See LIBERTY THEATER DIVISION. THEATRICAL ENTERTAINMENT DIVISION, Training Camp Activities Commis- sion, Navy Department.—See TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION. THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized in May 1917. Included pharmacolog- ical and toxicological research units prior to the setting up of S7h separate divisions to perform those functions. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To determine the changes that occur in the body as the result of exposure to lethal gases, and to devise methods for the treatment of gas poisoning. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 25 (Bulletin 178A. Washington, 1919). THIRD ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF WAR, War Department.—A position created by Congress, which was filled.by Presidential appointment on April 19, 1918, Frederick P. Keppel, Third Assistant Secretary, Func- tions : By designation of the Secretary of War, to direct civilian relations; under General Orders, No. 81, of August 28, 1918, to be responsible for matters affecting the nonmilitary life of the sol- dier and to act as the point of contact between the Department and the Commission on Training Camp Activities; and under General Or- ders, No. 9h, of October 19, 1918, to work closely with the Morale Branch of the General Staff. Also in charge of correspondence re- garding delays in mail, the treatment of sick and wounded, matters relating to passports, and the consideration of recommendations for clemency made by the Judge Advocate General. Records; In the War Department, THREAD AND TAPES SECTION, COTTON AND LINEN, Textile and Rubber Divi- sion, War Industries Board.—See FLAX PRODUCTS SECTION. THRESHING DIVISION, Grain Corporation.—See GRAIN THRESHING DIVISION. TICK ERADICATION DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—A unit originating in the investigations of Texas fever begun by the Bureau on July 1, 1881, and in the tick eradication work be- gun under the direction of the Inspection Division on July 1, 1906. Established as a separate Division on May 1, 1917, through the sepa- ration of the tick eradication work from the Field Inspection Divi- sion. On July 1, 193U, its name was changed to the Division of Tick Eradication and Special Diseases. Functions: During the war, under special appropriations, to conduct a campaign to eradicate the south- ern cattle tick and to improve agricultural conditions generally over the area affected. Records; 1917-18 (6 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA. TICKET STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE, Traffic Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—Appointed on June lii, 1918; discontinued on March 1, 1920. Functions; To prepare standard passenger ticket forms. Records: Whereabouts unknown. TIDEWATER SECTION, Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau, Distribution Divi- sion, Fuel Administration.—See BITUMINOUS COAL AND COKE BUREAU, TIMBER PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES. TIN EXECUTIVE, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED TIN EXECUTIVE. TIN PLATE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE.—Created in August 1917 by the joint action of the Food Administration, the Agriculture and Commerce De- partments, and the War Trade Board. Functioned as a unit of the Canned Foods Division of the Food Administration and after July 1918 of the Tin Section of the War Industries Board. Dissolved in January 1919. Functions; To make available a supply of pig tin, tin plate, 575 palm oil (necessary for use in the manufacture of tin plate), and other materials; to regulate the manufacture and price of tin plate; to promote economy in its use in home and commercial canning; and to coordinate the work of the various agencies concerned with it. Rec- ords: 1917-19 (5 feet) in NA. Correspondence, minutes, and monthly reports of tin plate manufacturers are among the records of the Canned Foods Division, and minutes of conferences with manufactur- ers and packers are among the records of the Staple Groceries Divi- sion, Food Administration. References: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Retail Price Division, Regulation of Supplies.of Tin Cans in World War I, 1916-1918 (July Processed). TIN PLATE SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Appointed at a meeting of manufacturers on March 2h, 1917, called at the suggestion of the Secretary of Com- merce, and became a part of the Cooperative Committee in June, Ceased functioning in August, and in December was reorganized as a subcommittee of the American Iron and Steel Institute. Functions; To study the conservation of tin plate. Records; Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. TIN SECTION, War Industries Board.—Created on March 6, 1913. Instru- mental in forming and closely related to the Interallied Tin Execu- tive in London. Discontinued early in 1919. Functions; To regulate the importation and distribution of pig tin in the United States, Records; Among those of the Board in NA. TIN SUBCOMMITTEE, PIG, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—See PIG TIN SUBCOMMITTEE. TIRE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BRANCH, Production Section, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department,—See PRO- DUCTION SECTION. TIRES BRANCH, SPARE PARTS AND, Motors and Vehicles Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES DIVISION. TOBACCO BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Purchase Director's Office, Pur- chase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SUBSISTENCE DIVISION. TOBACCO DIVISION, COTTON AND, Census Bureau, Commerce Department.— See COTTON AND TOBACCO DIVISION. TOBACCO PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES. TOBACCO SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.— Created on April 26 and discontinued on December 17, 1913. Func- tions ; To survey requirements for and to develop methods of pur- chasing and marketing tobacco. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. TOBACCO SUBSECTION, Supervisory Field Inspection Section, Inspection Branch, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SUPERVISORY FIELD INSPECTION SECTION. 576 TONNAGE ALLOTMENT AND RELEASE SECTION, Port Operations Branch, Sup- plies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See PORT OPERATIONS BRANCH. TOOL AND HARDWARE SUNDRIES BRANCH, Hardware and Metals Division, Quartermaster Generals Office, War Department.—See SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS BRANCH. TOOL SECTION, HARDWARE AND HAND, Finished Products Division, War In- dustries Board.—See HARDWARE AND HAND TOOL SECTION. TOOLS AND CHEST EQUIPMENT SECTION, Small Tools and Chests Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See SMALL TOOLS AND CHESTS BRANCH. TOOLS AND HARDWARE SECTION, Supplies Division, Engineering and Pur- chasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See SUPPLIES DIVISION, TOOLS, HANDLES, AND TOOL CHESTS SECTION, General Supplies Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See GENERAL SUPPLIES BRANCH. TOPOGRAPHY DIVISION, HYDROGRAPHY AND, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Com- merce Department.—See HYDROGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY DIVISION. TORPEDO SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To have charge of the design, manufacture, procurement, and distribution of tor- pedoes, torpedo tubes, launching devices, torpedo directors, and accessories. Records: In the Navy Department. TOWN PLANNING DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Originated in a volun- teer organization, which was incorporated into the Industrial Hous- ing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, on April 16, 1918. Abolished on June 30, 1919. Functions; A member of the Division served on the Sites Committee-! After sites for housing projects were selected, the Division, through town planners appointed by it, was responsible for the general planning. Records; 1918-19 (16 feet) in NA, General correspondence, specifications, blueprints, location plans, photographs, and other records containing detailed information on projects. TOXIC MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT SECTION, Chemical Research Division (Of- fense), War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.— Organized in September 1917$ later designated Organic Research Sec- tion No. 1. Transferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918, Functions: To investigate on a laboratory scale the manufacture of new toxic materials; and to undertake actual manufacture of mustard gas on a moderate scale, together with the production of important arsenic derivatives not available elsewhere. Records; In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References: Mines bureau, War Gas Investigations, 32 (Bulletin 1?BA. Washington, 1919). 577 TOXICITY OF PRESERVED FOODS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council.—Created in 1917, with J. J. Abel as Chairman. It was one of the committees grouped in the Medicine and Related Sciences Division when that Division was organized in 1918. Functions; Appointed to act in conjunction with Dr. Milton J. Rosenau, of the Harvard Medical School, who had "undertaken an exhaustive study of the toxicity of preserved foods for the American Canners Association," it studied canning and other methods of preserving food and investigated problems of botulism. Records: In the National Research Council. TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH DIVISION, War Gas Investigations, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—Organized in May 1917 when toxicological re- search was separated from the Therapeutic Division. Concerned only with offense research after May 1918, when the Pharmacological Re- search Division assumed responsibility for defense research. Trans- ferred with the entire War Gas Investigations to the War Department on June 25, 1918. Functions: To determine the lethal values of various substances and to develop methods of treating gassed animals. Records: In the War Department and the Mines Bureau. References: Mines Bureau, War Gas Investigations, 27-28 (Bulletin 1?8A. Wash- ington, 1919). TRACER SECTION, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established with the creation of the Division in March 1918. Functions; To expedite and assist in tracing carload and less than-carload consignments in cooperation with the Car Rec- ord and Tracing Office, Car Service Section, Operation Division, Railroad Administration, Records; Probably among the general files of the Bureau in NA. TRACK AND ROAD TOOLS SECTION, Heavy Hardware Branch, General Supplies Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director’s Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.--See HEAVY HARDWARE BRANCH. TRACTOR GROUP, Motor and Carriage Branch, Executive Section, Inspec- tion Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See MOTOR AND CARRIAGE BRANCH. TRACTORS BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about January 15, 1918. Its functions were taken over by the new Special Tractor and Artillery Tractor Branches of the Motor Equipment Section after September 5, 1918. Functions; To handle purchases of tractors for the Ordnance Department, Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRADE ADVISER'S OFFICE, FOREIGN, State Department.--See FOREIGN TRADE ADVISER'S OFFICE. TRADE AND TECHNICAL JOURNALS SECTION, Educational Division, Food Ad- ministration.—Established as the Trade Journals Section in May 1917 and renamed the Trade and Technical Journals Section in Decem- ber, Abolished in October 1918. Functions: To keep commercial and technical workers informed, through trade and technical journals, concerning Food Administration regulations in relation to economies in food, feed, power, and transportation. The Section issued the 578 Weekly Bulletin and a clipsheet entitled "Food Conservation Notes." Records: 1917-19 (12 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, manu- scripts of published articles, and copies of "Food Conservation Notes." TRADE BOARD, WAR.—See WAR TRADE BOARD. TRADE BUREAU, ENEMY, War Trade Board.—See ENEMY TRADE BUREAU. TRADE COMMISSION, FEDERAL.—See FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. TRADE COUNCIL, WAR.—See WAR TRADE COUNCIL. TRADE DIVISION, ENEMY, Federal Trade Commission.—See ENEMY TRADE DIVISION. TRADE EXPORT DIVISION, Federal Trade Commission.—See EXPORT TRADE DIVISION. TRADE INFORMATION DIVISION, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, Com- merce Department,—Organized in 1917. Succeeded by the Division of Correspondence and Distribution in 1920. Functions: To answer re- quests for miscellaneous information and for specific data on for- eign markets, except with regard to Latin America and the Far East. During the war it supplied general information to governmental war organizations and opened to them its special directories and lists of names of firms engaged in various war industries. Records: In the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. TRADE INTELLIGENCE BUREAU, WAR, War Trade Board.—See WAR TRADE IN- TELLIGENCE BUREAU. TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated as the Trades and Alloca- tions Division of the Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board, the functions of which were transferred on December 31, 1918, to the Operations Division of the Fleet Corporation. Terminated in June 1919 upon the creation of the Shipping Trades Department and the Allocation Department, Functions: To allocate to cargoes and trade routes vessels owned and under the control of the Shipping Board, Records; 1919 (combined with those of the Shipping Trades Department, 1919-20, total 2h feet) in NA. TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DIVISION, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board.—This Division was already functioning when the Shipping Control Committee was officially established in February 1918. On December 31, 1918, it became the Trades and Allocations Department of the Operations Division of the Emergency Fleet Corporation. Functions: To carry on the greater part of the work of the Com- mittee in assigning and allocating vessels to cargoes and routes. Its four Branches (Coastwise Coal, Sailing Vessel, Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific Trade, and South American and West Indies Trade), which performed the actual work, cooperated with the War Trade Board, the Allied Maritime Transport Council, and the Planning and Statistics Division of the Board, Records: 1918-19 (75 feet) in NA, Correspondence and reports. TRADES, RATES, AND CLAIMS SECTION, Traffic Department, Operations Di vision. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See RATE AND CLAIM DEPARTMENT. 579 TRADING WITH THE ENEMY DIVISION, War Risk Insurance Bureau, Treasury- Department.—Established by authority of the Trading With the Enemy Act, approved October 6, 1917, and by Executive Order No. 2729-A of October 12, 1917, which delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury the power to license foreign insurance companies. By Departmental Circular No. 99 of November 23, 1917, the Secretary delegated this power tp the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, and the Trading With the Enemy Division resulted. The Division does not appear as such in the "Organization Chart and Organization Memoranda" of August 20, 1918, but its function was still being performed by a section of the Legal Division in 1919. Functions; To regulate, by licens- ing, foreign insurance companies”doing business in the United States Records: Some material relating to this activity may be found in the files of the Marine Advisory Board to the Bureau of War Risk Insurance and the files of the Alien Property Custodian in NAj in the files of the Director of the Bureau and in legal files in the Veterans' Administration; and in records in the Treasury Depart- ment. TRAFFIC AND STORAGE ASSISTANCE, EMERGENCY, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.--See EMERGENCY TRAFFIC AND STORAGE ASSISTANCE. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, Administrative Division, Fuel Ad- ministration.—Organized on February 25, 1918, succeeding the Trans-r portation Department, which had been established on November 1, 1917. F. M. Whittaker was detailed from the Railroad Administration as Inland Traffic Manager in February 1918. In May the Bureau was placed under the Administrative Division. Terminated in June 1919* Functions: To arrange matters with the Railroad Administration re- lating to the transportation of coal; and to supervise the distri- bution of cars and the movement of loaded cars to their destination, the direction of shipments by the shortest route, and the diversion of coal to places of need. Records: 1917-19 (25 feet) in NA. Cor- respondence, reports, memoranda, requests for shipments, requests for cars, permits, orders, requisitions, notebooks, and personnel appointment records. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.. Organized on January 21, In April a branch office was estab- lished in Kansas City. Ceased operations in March 1919. J. A. Middleton, the head, was assigned by the Railroad Administration to act with the Oil Division as Manager of Inland Traffic, and the Bu- reau was sometimes known as the Inland Traffic Bureau, Functions t To keep railroad facilities open to the transportation o? oil, and to obtain rate adjustments. Records: In NA. Correspondence and related documents (1 foot) are filed separately from the central files. TRAFFIC BRANCH, Fuel and Forage Division, Quartermaster General's Of- fice, War Department.--Organized on January 26 and abolished on June Hi, 1918. Functions: To indicate points of origin and des- tination for fuel and forage shipments. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRAFFIC BRANCH, Material Section, Supply and Sales Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—See TRANSPORTATION DIVISION. 580 TRAFFIC BRANCH, FREIGHT, Rail Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—See FREIGHT TRAFFIC BRANCH, TRAFFIC BRANCH, STORAGE AND, Administrative Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department.--See STORAGE AND TRAFFIC BRANCH. TRAFFIC COMMITTEE, INTERREGIONAL, Traffic Division, Railroad Adminis- tration.—See INTERREGIONAL TRAFFIC COMMITTEE. TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Established on February 1, 1920, to assume the functions of the Export Coal, Shipping Trades, Rate and Claim, Al- location, and Assignment Departments, Continued until the abolition of the Corporation in October 1936, and still exists as part of the Operations and Traffic Division of the Maritime Commission, Func- tions : To allocate vessels to trade routes; to assign to managing operators vessels owned or under the control of the Corporation; to establish trade routes, freight rates, and liner service; and to adjust cargo claims. Records; 1918-36 (680 feet) in NA. In- clude material pertaining to particular commodities and trade routes, freight tariffs, minutes and circulars of freight confer- ences, shipping periodicals, performance summaries, digests of manifests, market reports, advertising data, and a file giving in- formation on the organization, capitalization, and nationality of all companies operating Shipping Board vessels for the period 1918- 26. TRAFFIC DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion.—Established by the Shipping Board in May 1917; discontinued in the fall of 1917 after the Operations Division of the Shipping Board was organized. Functions: To handle the transportation of supplies and materials tor the construction of wooden vessels, to have charge of the Maritime Intelligence Department, and generally to supervise traffic matters for the Shipping Board and the Fleet Corporation. Records: Whereabouts unknown. TRAFFIC DIVISION, Grain Corporation.—See TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT. TRAFFIC DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—Created on February 9, 1918. Operated through a number of committees and sections. Dis- continued on March 1, 1920, Edward Chambers, Director. Functions: To handle matters involving traffic relations between carriers and the shipping public, and also the classification of traffic, the fixing of rates, and coirmercial questions arising in connection with the transportation of freight, mail, and express goods. Rec- ords ; Authorized for destruction on March 20, 193U, except for some tariff authority papers, which were ordered transferred to the Interstate Commerce Commission by Executive Order No, 75U2 of Jan- uary 27, 1937. TRAFFIC DIVISION, PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND, General Staff, War Depart- ment.—See PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. TRAFFIC DIVISION, STORAGE AND, General Staff, War Department.—See PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. 581 TRAFFIC MANAGERS, INLAND, Traffic Division, Railroad Administration.— See INLAND TRAFFIC MANAGERS. TRAFFIC SECTION, Equipment Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War De- partment.—Created in 1917. Probably transferred to the Equipment Section of the Procurement Division on January 1U, 1918, Functions: To advise the Chief of the Division and the heads of the several pro- curement units in the planning of shipping routes and shipping sched- ules, so that raw materials, component parts, and completed equipment might be packed and shipped with the greatest possible effectiveness. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRAFFIC SECTION, Port Operations Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PORT OPERATIONS BRANCH. TRAFFIC SECTION, Public Service Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on July 1, 1918, in the Public Service and Accounting Divi- sion. Functions taken over by the Public Service Division on Febru- ary 1, 1919. Functions: To coordinate the work of the Freight Traffic Committees organized to handle changes in freight rates, rules, and regulations in official eastern, southern, and western classification territories. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. TRAFFIC SECTION, Salvage Branch,.Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. TRAFFIC SECTION, Supply Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department,—Established in 1918. Later transferred with the Divi- sion to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff, Functions; To control the movement and transportation of stores, RecordsT Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRAILERS BRANCH, Motor Equipment Section, Procurement Division, Ord- nance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about January 15, 1918, Abolished on September 5, 1918, when Supply Circular No. 87 transferred its functions to the Quartermaster Corps. Functions; To handle purchases of trailers for the Ordnance Department. Rec- ords : Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRAINING AND DILUTION SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor De- partment.—Authorized by an act of July 1, 1918, and organized on July 16. Included Planning, Training, Dilution, and Administration Divisions. After the armistice, renamed the Training Service. Ter- minated on June 30, 1919. Functions; To devise and publicize-meth- ods of training workers and oI diluting skilled labor as and when needed; to organize industrial training in public schools in co- operation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education; to as- certain the supply of skilled labor available in cooperation with the Employment Service; to study hygienic fitness of plants for dilution in cooperation with the Public Health Service; and to pre- pare and distribute publications in cooperation with the Information and Education Service, Dilution of skilled labor by the utilization of unskilled labor was never actively carried on by the Dilution Division because of the armistice. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress on May 7, 1928. References; Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War, 2l5-22? (ftfrbana, 1920J). 582 TRAINING AND INSTRUCTION BRANCH, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized in 1918. Functions; To supervise the training of the Arrayj the tactics and methods of warfare to be em- ployed, together with publications having relation thereto; mili- tary education and special training; the publication of foreign documents relating to military affairs; and inspections with a view to insuring efficiency and thoroughness in training and instruction throughout the Army, Records; In the General Staff, War Depart- ment. TRAINING BRANCH, Personnel Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See PERSONNEL DIVISION. TRAINING BUREAU, SEA, Recruiting Service, Shipping Board.—See SEA TRAINING BUREAU. TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, Navy Department .—Established in accordance with a letter of September 2k, 1917, from the Secretary of the Navy to Raymond B. Fosdick, which named the latter Chairman. Operated through the following Divisions; Athletics; Law Enforce- ment; Music and Song; Protective Work for Girls; Publicity; Social Hygiene and Instruction; Supplies and Accounts; and Theatrical En- tertainment, Succeeded on March 11, 1919, by the Sixth (Morale) Division, Navigation Bureau. Raymond B. Fosdick also served as Chairman of the Training Camp Activities Commission of the War De- partment. Functions: To coordinate the work of the several wel- fare organizations (the Young Men's Christian Association, the Knights of Columbus, the Jewish Welfare Board, the War Camp Com- munity Service, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Ameri- can library Association, and the Salvation Army) that had the func- tion of providing for the healthful recreation, moral outlook, and general comfort of young men in the Navy. Records: In the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department. References: Navy Department, Annual Reports, 1913-19. TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES COMMISSION, War Department.—Established in accordance with a letter of April 18, 1917, from the Secretary of War to Raymond B. Fosdick. Operated through the following Divi- sions; Athletic; Camp Music; Executive Office; Law Enforcement; Liberty Theater; Military Entertainment; and Social Hygiene. There was also a Post Exchange Committee. By General Orders, No. 109, War Department, September 5, 1919, the functions of the Commission and of the Education and Special Training Committee were trans- ferred to the War Plans Division of the General Staff, where an Education and Recreation Branch was created to take charge of them. Raymond B. Fosdick, Chairman. Functions; To act as a clearinghouse for suggestions relative to the question of providing recreational and other facilities for men in training camps. Its functions were to be largely advisory, but the Secretary of War stated that it was his intention to consult with it upon the whole question of police regulations outside the limits of military camps. It sought to co- ordinate the work of the several welfare organizations. Records; In the General Staff, War Department. TRAINING CAMPS SECTION, Yards and Docks Bureau, Navy Department.— Established in October 1917. Functions; To prepare plans and specifications for the construction of war emergency naval training camps. Records; Among the general files of the Bureau in NA. 583 TRAINING COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE ORDNANCE DE- PARTMENT, BOARD TO INVESTIGATE AND REPORT ON THE METHODS OF, Ord- nance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Created on August 19, 1918, by Office Order No. 279. Functions: To investigate methods of training commissioned officers and enlisted men of the Office, and to make reports and recommendations thereupon. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRAINING COMMITTEE, EDUCATION AND SPECIAL, War Department.—See EDU- CATION AND SPECIAL TRAINING COMMITTEE. TRAINING DEPARTMENT, INDUSTRIAL, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See EDUCATION AND TRAINING SEC- TION, Industrial Relations Division. TRAINING DEPARTMENT, ORGANIZATION AND, Operations Branch, Field Artillery Chief’s Office, War Department.—See FIELD ARTILLERY CHIEF’S OFFICE. TRAINING DIVISION, Chemical Warfare Service, War Department.—Origi- nated in 1917 under the Surgeon General's Office; transferred to the Office of the Chief of Engineers early in 1918; and became a part of the Chemical Warfare Service shortly after its organization on June 28, 1918. Functions: To organize and train officers and troops in gas warfare!! Records: In the War Department. TRAINING DIVISION, Navigation Bureau, Navy Department,—Established in April 1917 by order of the Chief of the Bureau. Late in 1919 the functions of the Division were apparently returned to the Enlisted Personnel Division of the Bureau, where they were normally performed Functions: To administer the training of enlisted personnel of the regular Navy and of the Naval Reserve Force at naval training sta- tions, training camps, section bases, district vessels, special schools. Navy units of the Students* Army Training Corps, and Navy rifle ranges. Records; 1917-19 (7 feet) in NA. General files. References: Navy Department, Annual Reports, 1917, p. 22-21;, 109- 161; 1918," p. Ii33-U38; Ernest L. Bennett and Lewis P. Clephane, "History of the Training Division, Bureau of Navigation" (1920. Manuscript in the Office of Naval Records and Library). TRAINING DIVISION, Training and Dilution Service, War Labor Adminis- tration, Labor Department.—Probably instituted with the Service on July 16, 1918. Under it was a field service, which included a chief and a superintendent in each of 12 districts which coincided with the Army ordnance districts. Assistant superintendents of training were stationed in some of the important industrial centers. Proba- bly terminated with the Service on June 30, 1919. Functions; To organize vestibule training departments at the request of plant managers and, in accordance with plans of the Federal Board for Vo- cational Education, to initiate movements for industrial training with the assistance of employers, labor, and public school authori- ties. Records; Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928. TRAINING DIVISION, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.—See MEDICAL DEPARTMENT TRAINING DIVISION. TRAINING METHODS BRANCH, EMPLOYMENT AND, Industrial Service Section, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING METHODS BRANCH. SBk TRAINING METHODS SECTION, Planning Division, Training and Dilution Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Probably or- ganized in July 1918 and terminated on June 30, 1919. Functions: To study methods of industrial training; to prepare plans for in- stituting, carrying on, and improving training schemes; to combine all training plans into a comprehensive scheme for all industries; and to coordinate the Service’s plans with those of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. Records: Disposition authorized by Congress in 1928, TRAINING SECTION, Gas Defense Division, Surgeon General’s Office, War Department.—Organized during the summer of 1917, in response to the opening of the Gas-Defense School in connection with the School of Musketry of the‘Infantry School of the Array at Fort Sill, On Feb- ruary 27, 1918, the commissioned personnel of this Section were trans ferred to the Office of the Chief of Engineers, and training in gas- defense methods was placed under that Office, Functions: To provide officers trained in gas defense for the military service. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRAINING SECTION, Military Aeronautics Division, War Department.—See MILITARY AERONAUTICS DIVISION. TRAINING SECTION, EDUCATION AND, Industrial Relations Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— See EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTION. TRAINING SECTION, INDUSTRIAL, Welfare Work Subcommittee, Labor Commit- tee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See INDUS- TRIAL TRAINING SECTION, TRAINING SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See TRAINING AND DILUTION SERVICE. TRAINING SPECIAL COMMITTEE, EDUCATION AND SPECIAL, General Relations Division, National Research Council.—See EDUCATION AND SPECIAL TRAINING SPECIAL COMMITTEE. TRAJECTORIES AND STABILIZERS SECTION, Science and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer's Office, War Department.—See SCIENCE AND RE- SEARCH DIVISION. TRANS-ATLANTIC AND TRANS-PACIFIC TRADE BRANCH, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board.—See TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DIVISION. TRANS-ATLANTIC RADIO BRANCH, Radio Development Section, Engineering and Research Division, Chief Signal Officer’s Office, War Department. See RADIO DEVELOPMENT SECTION. TRANSFER AND INVENTORY SECTION, Sales Branch, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Established about October 1919. In existence on June 30, 1920. Functions; To handle and clear requisitions for the transfer of property which involved the Department. Records; Whereabouts unknown. TRANSFER AND PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, Shipping Board.—Created by resolution of the Board on October 9 and discontinued by resolu- tion of the Board on December 3, 1918. Functions: To investigate and prepare recommendations for the Board with regard to applica- tions to sell ships, to transfer registry of ships, to place foreign mortgages on ships, and to construct vessels for private account. Records: In the Maritime Commission. TRANSPORT COMMITTEE, HIGHWAYS, Council of National Defense.—See HIGH- WAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE. TRANSPORT COMMITTEE, MECHANICAL.—See INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL. TRANSPORT COUNCIL, ALLIED MARITIME.—See ALLIED MARITIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL. TRANSPORT EXECUTIVE, ALLIED MARITIME, Allied Maritime Transport Coun- cil.—See ALLIED MARITIME TRANSPORT EXECUTIVE. TRANSPORT MACHINERY SECTION, AUTOMOTIVE AND, Civil and Mechanical Di- vision, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department,—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. TRANSPORT SECTION, War Department Claims Board, War Department.—See WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD. TRANSPORT SERVICE, MOTOR, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.— See MOTOR TRANSPORT CORPS CHIEF'S OFFICE. TRANSPORT SUBDIVISION, MOTOR, Part Operations Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See MOTOR TRANSPORT SUBDIVISION. TRANSPORTATION, JOINT COMMITTEE ON WEST INDIES.—See JOINT COMMITTEE ON WEST INDIES TRANSPORTATION. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Coun- cil of National Defense,—Established on February 13, 1917. In- cluded at various times the following Cooperative Committees: Tele- graph and Telephone, Railroad Transportation, Electric Railroad Transportation, Inland Water Transportation, Locomotives, and Cars. Most of these were either dissolved or merged with other agencies before March 1, 1918. Functions: To supervise and direct inves- tigations and make recommendations as to the location of railroads for the expeditious concentration of troops and supplies at stra- tegic points for defense; the coordination of military, industrial, and commercial purposes in the location of highways and railroad branch lines; the utilization of waterways; the development of sea- going transportation; and the extension and adaptation of telegraph and telephone facilities to meet the requirements of defense. Rec- ords; Among those of the Council in NA. TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING OPERATIONS DIVISION, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—See PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING DIVISION, Construction Organization. TRANSPORTATION AND LABOR SECTION, PASSENGER, Inland Traffic Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION AND IABOR SECTION. 586 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE PROJECT, Markets Bureau, Agriculture De- partment. —See TRANSPORTATION SECTION. TRANSPORTATION BOARD, INTERALLIED MILITARY.—See INTERALLIED MILITARY TRANSPORTATION BOARD. TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Distribution and Warehouse Section, Supply Di- vision, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Construction Organization TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Motors Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Di- vision, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918, and still in exist- ence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Func- tions ; To be responsible for handling matters related to necessary diversions of shipment in transit, expediting movements, and co- operating with the Inland Traffic Service. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Operating Section, Supply Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established in 1917. Functions: To have primary responsibility for the study of transportation con- ditions as they affected the Division; to prepare routings for Di- vision shipments; and to follow up shipments in transit made under the direction of the Division. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Purchase Section, Nitrate Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established during the latter part of 1917. Functions: To handle matters relating to the transporta- tion problems of trie Division, and to maintain progress records concerning orders. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, MOTOR, Operations Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTOR TRANSPORTATION BRANCH. TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, War Trade Board.—Created on October 15, 1917, replacing the Transportation Division of the Export Licenses Bureau of the Exports Administrative Board. Transferred to the War Trade Board Section, State Department, on June 30, 1919. Functions: To administer and enforce the rules and regulations of the Board by granting or withholding fueling and provisioning licenses to ves- sels entering or leaving the United States or its possessions. Records: 1917-19 (U7i feet) in the State Department. Correspond- ence; records of charters approved, disapproved, or returned for modification; copies of bunker licenses, forms, and rules and regu- lations; and other records. Included are "ships' files," wldch contain a record of the vojages made by practically all neutral and Allied ships, with date of departure, ports of call, and destination and data on the cargo, fuel, and provisions carried on each voyage. TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, INDUSTRIAL HOUSING AND, Labor Department.— See INDUSTRIAL HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU. TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, MARINE, Oil Division, Fuel Administration.— See COUNSEL’S OFFICE. 587 TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, Naval Consulting Board, Navy Department.— Created on November U, 1915. Consisted of seven members; B, B. Thayer, Chairman.—See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.— See OPERATIONS COMMITTEE. TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, COTTON COMPRESSION AND, War Industries Board.—See COTTON COMPRESSION AND TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE. TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, INLAND WATER, Council of National Defense.— See INLAND WATER TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE. TRANSPORTATION COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, ELECTRIC RAILROAD, Transporta- tion and Communication Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ELECTRIC RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT, Belgian Department, Grain Corporation.— See BELGIAN DEPARTMENT. TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT, Fuel Administration.—See TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION BUREAU, Administrative Division. TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in August 1917. Worked in cooperation irith the Railroad Administration and the Jbod Administration during the war period. Known also as the Traffic Division. Terminated about July 1923. Functions: To fa- cilitate the movement of grain and flour by rail and water, to co- ordinate domestic and export demands made on carriers, and to handle demurrage and other freight claims. Records: 1917-23 (31$ feet) in NA. Include correspondence and contracts concerning rail and steamer shipments of grain and flour and records of the Claims Section of the Department. TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See TRANSPORTATION DIVI- SION, Construction Organization. TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT, MARINE, Grain Corporation.—See MARINE TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated with the appointment of a Director of Traffic on May 8, 1917, and established as a Division on December 1. Abolished on June 10, 1918, *after which its func- tions were exercised by the Transportation Department of the Sup- ply Division until December 18, 1918, On that date this Department became the Transportation Branch of the Distribution and Warehouse Section, Supply Division, which was succeeded on August 1, 1919, by the Traffic Branch of the Material Section, Supply and Sales Divi- sion. The Traffic Branch became a part of the Purchasing Department on August 1, 1920, and was abolished about the end of 1921. Func- tions: To exercise general supervision over the transportation of shipbuilding materials and supplies purchased by or produced for the Corporation. Records: 1918-22 (122 feet) in NA. Include gen- eral correspondence, notes, memoranda, and reports relating to the transportation of shipbuilding materials and supplies from production plants to shipyards. Also included are correspondence; invoices and 588 summaries relating to claims arising from the transportation of shipbuilding materials; freight bills; and copies of bills of lad- ing. Other records of the Division and its successors were con- solidated with the general files of the Supply and Sales Division, 1917-21* (U*6 feet). TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Fertilizer Control Office, Agriculture De- partment.—See FERTILIZER CONTROL OFFICE. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in July 1917. In February 1918 it was reorganized as the Inland Traffic Division under C. E, Spens, who as Inland Traffic Manager represented the Railroad Administration. Terminated in February 1919. Functions: To obtain adequate transportation for the distribution of food, feed containers, and machinery for food manufacture and preservation; to minimize wastage due to transportation delays and facilitate the movement of commodities for export; to cooperate with the Car Serv- ice Commission of the American Railway Association and its successor in the Railroad Administration; and to supervise the arrangements for inland transportation of foodstuffs for the Allies. Records: 1917-19 (95 feet) in NA. Correspondence, copies of requests made to the Railroad Administration for cars, and reports of the Grain Corporation, the British Ministry of Shipping, and the Wheat Export Co. (representing the Royal Commission on Wheat Supplies) on the purchase of food supplies and amounts available for loading. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized on May 1, 1918, in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, and later transferred to the Housing Corporation. Apart from the Washington office, the work was divided among dis- trict offices with headquarters in New York City, Hampton Roads, and Chicago, the latter office having charge of the Eastern Penn- sylvania district. Projects in other localities were handled di- rectly by the Washington office. Abolished on April 1, 1920, Functions: To make available all housing in or about a congested district by rearranging schedules of and improving, installing, financing, or extending train, electric railway, bus, and ferry services. Property, when acquired, was obtained by mutual consent or by authority to commandeer. Records; 1918-20 (60 feet) in NA. General correspondence, plans and specifications, blueprints, esti- mates of costs, reports, project books, bids, progress charts, vouchers, and tax bills. Some of the Norfolk ferries records are in the custody of the Norfolk Ferries Co., Norfolk, Va. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department See TRANSPORTATION SECTION. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Depart- ment.—Established prior to the war. Gradually lost many of its functions to the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the General Staff, Operated through several Branches, including Land Transport and Water Transport. Abolished on June 15, 1913, when its remaining functions were assigned to other divisions of the Office (Office Order No. U6U). Functions; To handle transporta- tion activities of the Army. Records; In the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Railroad Administration.—See OPERATION DIVISION. 589 TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, ANIMAL-DRAWN, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—See ANIMAL-DRAWN TRANSPORTATION DIVISION. TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, MARINE, Fbod Administration.—See MARINE TRANSPORTATION DIVISION. TRANSPORTATION EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quar- termaster General's Office, War Department.—Formed on January 26 and abolished on April 16, 1918. Functions: To recommend specifi- cations for and the procurement of animal-drawn vehicles. Records: Probably among those of the Office in NA, TRANSPORTATION OF FARM PRODUCTS PROJECT, MOTOR, Markets Bureau, Agri- culture Department.-See MOTOR TRANSPORTATION 0* FARM PRODUCTS PROJ- ECT. TRANSPORTATION ORDERS SECTION, Freight Traffic Branch, Rail Transpor- tation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Depart- ment.—See FREIGHT TRAFFIC BRANCH. TRANSPORTATION SECTION, Council of National Defense.—See HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE. TRANSPORTATION SECTION, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Es- tablished in 1913. Also known as the Transportation Division and the Transportation and Storage Project. War activities were carried on in part under the Food Production Act of August 10, 1917, and the Secretary's Memorandum 231 of April 9, 1918. The functions of the Section were divided in 1922 between the Fruit and Vegetable Divi- sion, now a Branch of the Agricultural Marketing Administration, and the Division of Statistical and Historical Research. Those transferred to the latter Division are now performed by the Market- ing and Transportation Research Division of the Bureau of Agricultur- al Economics. Functions: To transmit information concerning the transportation needs of agriculture, including the details of indi- vidual cases involving obstructions to the production and movement of agricultural products brought to the attention of the Department? to send representatives into the field to aid in organizing the movement of agricultural products and supplies and to study and suggest improved cold-storage methods; to assist the Quartermaster General's Office in organizing the handling of meat products in- tended for shipment to France; to aid the Food Administration in formulating regulations concerning the distribution of cold-storage foodstuffs; and to ascertain for the Food Administration and for the military services the amount of cold-storage space available. Records: 1913-22 (9 feet) in NA. Include the Markets Bureau "carriers correspondence file" (191U-20); correspondence of staff members with Bureau authorities and project offices, scattered among central correspondence files of the Bureau; and unpublished reports, 1917-19, in the "manuscript files" of the Bureaus of Markets and of Agricultural Economics. The bulk of the wartime correspondence of the Section was destroyed in 1926. TRANSPORTATION SECTION, Production Division, Engineering and Purchas- ing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See PRODUCTION DIVISION. TRANSPORTATION SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See MISCELLANEOUS SECTION. 590 TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, ENGINEER MOTOR, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.--See ENGINEER MOTOR TRANS- PORTATION SERVICE. TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, NAVAL OVERSEAS, Operating Fbrces Division, Naval Operations Office, Navy Department.—See NAVAL OVERSEAS TRANS- PORTATION SERVICE. TRANSPORTATION SERVICE CHIEF'S OFFICE, War Department.—Established by Supply Circular No. 21, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, of March 11, 1919, which combined the former Embar- kation and Inland Traffic Services to form the new unit. Functioned through the following Divisions: Administrative, Animal-Drawn Transportation, Port Terminals and Inland Waterways, Rail Trans- portation, and Via ter Transportation. Transferred to the Quarter- master General's Office by General Orders, No. U?,of July Hi, 1920, Functions: To be responsible for and have authority over the trans- portation of the supplies and personnel of the Army by rail and water. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. References: Transportation Service, Report, 1920. TRANSPORTATION SUBCOMMITTEE, International Regime of Ports, Waterways, and Railways Commission, Peace Conference.—Composed of 10 members. Henry White (of the United States), President. Functions: To draw up a statement relating to freedom of transit, fecordsProbably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commis- sion to Negotiate Peace. TRANSPORTATION SUBCOMMITTEE, PIG IRON, IRON ORE, AND LAKE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.— See PIG IRON, IRON ORE, AND LAKE TRANSPORTATION SUBCOMMITTEE. TRAVEL SECTION, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department.—Created on September 23, 1918, by the consolidation under one head of several subsections from other sec- tions, It seems also to have been known as the Passport Section. Functions; To study normal travel and to apply data thus obtained to the control of travel into and out of the United States in time of war. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES, Treasury Department.—The office of Treasurer was established on September 2, 1789. Functions: During the war the work of the Treasurer's office was greatly increased. It included the custody of funds of the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, the Housing Corporation, the *ar Finance Corpo- ration, and the Grain Corporation, in part, and the safekeeping of securities deposited by various agencies of the Government. Rec- ords: 1813-1936 (11,000 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, ac- counting records, and personnel papers. Among those for the war period are registers of the receipt and redemption of war-savings stamps and certificates and accounts relating to the payment of Liberty Loan registered bonds. TREASURY DEPARTMENT.—An executive department established by an act of September 2, 1789. William G. McAdco was Secretary of the Treasury during the war. Functions; The war placed upon the Sec- retary the responsibility for finding new sources of revenue, de- vising improved methods of taxation, and determining procedures 591 of marketing Liberty Loan bonds, treasury certificates, and war savings stamps and of extending credit to the Allies. By direct control or membership in the governing bodies, he was the chief agency in wartime control of banking, credit, foreign exchange, precious metals, and Government insurance. He organized and di- rected several new treasury branches, chief of which were the War Risk Insurance Bureau, the War Loan Organization, and the Foreign Loan Bureau. The Secretary also served as chairman of the board of the War Finance Corporation and of the United States Section of the International High Commission. Records; Some of the records of the following units are in NA for the war period; Coast Guard, Comptroller of the Currency, Customs Division, Loans and Currency Division, Mint Bureau, National War Savings Committee, Public Health Service, Register of the Treasury, Secret Service Division, Treasurer of the United States, ’nar Loan Organization, and War Risk Insurance Bureau. Many of the war-related records of the Treasury Department, however, are in the Department or the General Account- ing Office. References: Treasury Department, Annual Reports, 1917- 21. TREASURY DIVISION, Housing Corporation.—Organized early in 1918 in the Industrial Housing and Transportation Bureau, Labor Department, and transferred to the Housing Corporation when that organization was incorporated on July 8, 1918. Abolished in May 1930. Func- tions; To make payments to contractors, architects, engineers, and town planners; to transportation and utility companies; and for purchases of real estate. Records; 1918-30 (100 feet) in NA. In- clude checks, vouchers, pay rolls, a general file, correspondence, accounting records, fiscal schedules, and payment lists. TRENCH MORTAR BRANCH, Trench Tfarfare Section, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Probably established in 1917 as part of the Trench Iferfare Section, Gun Division; trans- ferred with this Section to the Engineering Division on January 18, 1918, Functions; To handle the design, development, procurement, production, and inspection of trench mortars and trench-mortar ammunition. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA, TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH, Design Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created the latter part of 1917. On Jan- uary 17, 1918, by Gun Division Order No, £8, part of its functions were transferred to the Trench Warfare Section, Engineering Divi- sion, and part to the Trench Warfare Section, Procurement Division. Functions; To organize and train a force to instruct the Amy in the use of trench warfare material; and to handle the design of such material, including that of grenades, pyrotechnics, trench mortars and ammunition, drop bombs, offensive gas, and incendiary material. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH, Loading Section, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established early in 1918. Func- tions ; To attend to the loading of trench warfare material. Rec- ords; Probably with those of the Office in NA, TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH, Purchase Section, Gun Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Created on September 20, 1917. Transferred to the Procurement Division as its Trench Warfare Section by Gun Division Order No. 57 of January 13, 1918. Functions; To handle business negotiations connected with the purchase of articles of 592 trench warfare materials, except the raw materials and explosives in bulk used in the manufacture of those articles. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRENCH WARFARE GROUP, Artillery Ammunition and Trench Warfare Branch, Executive Section, Inspection Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See ARTILLERY AMMUNITION AND TRENCH WARFARE BRANCH. TRENCH WARFARE SECTION, Engineering Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—Established as the Design and Trench Warfare Sec- tion, Gun Division, in 1917, and soon renamed the Trench Warfare Section; transferred to the Engineering Division on January 18, 1918, Included the following Branches: Administration; Chemical Research; Drop Bomb; Gas and Flame; Grenade; Mail and Record; Pyro- technic; Statistical; and Trench Mortar, In July 1918, the offen- sive gas warfare functions of this Section were transferred to the Chemical Warfare Service. During the spring of 1918 the responsi- bility for the explosive contents of trench mortar shells and gre- nades was removed from this Section and transferred to the Explosives Section. On August 10, 1918, the Drop Bomb Branch of the Section was transferred to the Aircraft Armament Section, Small Arms Divi- sion. A portion of the personnel of the Section was transferred to France to form the nucleus of a Trench Warfare Section in the Engi- neering Division, American Expeditionary Forces. Some time later, the Section in Washington became a separate Division. Functions: To handle questions of a technical nature in connection with drop bombs, sights, releasing mechanisms, hand and rifle grenades, trench mortars and their ammunition, incendiary and toxic shell-filling chemicals, flame-throwers, gas-cloud throwers, and chemical pro- jectors. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, TRENCH WARFARE SECTION, Procurement Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Established on January 15, 1918, as a result of the transfer and consolidation of some of the functions of two units of the Gun Division: the Trench Warfare Branch, Purchase Section, and the Trench Warfare Branch, Design Section. Functions; To handle the purchase of articles of trench warfare material, ex- cept raw materials, explosives, packing containers purchased sepa- rately in quantities, and optical instruments requiring glass. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TRENCH WARFARE SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—See AMMUNITION SECTION. TRIAL BOARD, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Appointed in 1915 by Special Order No. 89, War Department, The Board held meet- ings in 1916 and 1917. Its functions were taken over late in 1917 by the Second Motor Traction Board. Functions: To consider ques- tions concerning types of field guns and the ammunition for such guns, and to recommend a program for antiaircraft artillery. Rec- ords; Probably with those of the Office in NA, TROOP DIVISION, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.— Established some time prior to February 2h, 1919, to assume many of the duties of the Personnel Division of the former Military Branch. Operated through the following Sections: Commissioned Personnel, Enlisted Personnel, and Equipment. Functions; To handle matters pertaining to commissioned and enlisted personnel and to equipment. Records; In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, Services of Supply, War Department. 593 TROOP MOVEMENT BRANCH, Inland Traffic Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—Probably created in January 1918, When the Inland Traffic Service was merged with the Embarkation Service on March 11, 1919, to form the Transporta- tion Service, this Brandi was essentially continued as the Passen- ger Traffic Branch of the Rail Transportation Division, Transporta- tion Service Chief’s Office. Functions: To keep records of the flow of troops by railroad, and to regulate the arrival of troops at points of embarkation. Records: In the Quartermaster General’s Office, Services of Supply, War Department. TROOP MOVEMENT SECTION, Operation Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on May 2ht 1918, taking over work previously handled by the Special Committee on National Defense, formerly the Special Commit- tee on Cooperation With the Military Authorities, of the American Railway Association. Probably terminated with the Division on March 1, 1920, Functions: To have charge of arrangements for the move- ment of troops and draftees; to supervise the transportation of laborers recruited by the United States Employment Service; and, after November 1918, to assign and relocate passenger equipment. Records: Probably destroyed with those of the Division in 193U. TROOP TRANSPORTS SECTION, Vessel Operation Branch, Water Transporta- tion Division, Transportation Service Chief’s Office, War Depart- ment. —See VESSEL OPERATION BRANCH. TRUCK CROPS DIVISION, Crop Estimates Bureau, Agriculture Department,— Established as a "project" in May 19lU, and greatly expanded during the war. Attained divisional status in the fiscal year 1917-18. The work of the Division was sharply curtailed after the armistice, and its functions have been performed since 1921 by the Agricultur- al Statistics Division, which is now in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Functions: To foster the production and conservation of food by preparing estimates of production, acreage, prices to producers, and the consumption of truck crops, and by publishing such estimates, particularly in a weekly news bulletin. Recordsi Among those of the Bureau of Crop Estimates in NA. References; Agricultural Economics Bureau, The Crop and Livestock Reporting Service of the United States (Agriculture Department, Miscellaneous Publication Washington, 1933). TRUCK SECTION, Production Division, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War De- partment.—Organized on May 18, 1918; transferred to the Tank Divi- sion on August 28, 1918, Functions: To supervise the production of ordnance vehicles of the automobile type, trailer vehicles, com- bat tanks, self-propelled caterpillar artillery, artillery tractors, and heavy artillery mobile repair shops. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, TRUCK SERVICE SECTION, MOTOR, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.— See MOTOR TRUCK SERVICE SECTION. TRUCKS BRANCH, Motors Subdivision, Overseas Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, Tar Depart- ment.—Established on November 1, 1918, and still in existence on February 1, 1919, when the Division was abolished. Functions; To be responsible for filling requisitions for motor trucks required for overseas forces. Records: Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. 59U TRUSTS BUREAU, Alien Property Custodian.—Created shortly after the appointment of the first Custodian in 1917. Included the following Divisions: Corporation and Individual Property; Court and Private Trusts; Insular Possessions; Insurance; Neutral Countries; and Pat- ents, In addition, there were the following Departments: Depository and Inventory; License; Real Estate and Mortgage; and Stock and Bond. Continued in existence until sometime- after 192$. Functions: To prepare demands for enemy property, to receive and account for such property, and to distribute property in accordance with provisiorfs of the Trading With the Enemy Act. Records; 1917-Ul (2,200 feet) in KA. Reports on enemy property and records relating to the ad- ministration of property held in trust. TUBE SECTION, NON-FERROUS, War Industries Board.—See BRASS SECTION, Finished Products Division, TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department.—Established May 1, 1917. through separation from the Quarantine Division, which had been conducting the tuberculosis eradication work in the District of Columbia and in many herds out- side the District since May 27, 1907. Functions: During the war, to assist the War Department in testing cattle supplying milk to the various Army camps. Records; 1917-18 (8 feet) among the gen- eral files of the Bureau in NA, TUBERCULOSIS SECTION, Internal Medicine Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—Organized on June 6, 1917. When the Office was reorganized in November 1918, this Section was transferred to the Medicine Division. Functions: To institute methods designed to insure more care and accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary con- ditions, and to conduct examinations for lung diseases in the Army. After the war, the functions of this Section had to do primarily with the care and disposition of tuberculosis cases held over from the war. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. TUBERCULOSIS SUBCOMMITTEE, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commis- sion, Council of National Defense.—Formed after April 29, 1917; ceased functioning after the armistice. Functions; To advise as to the control of tuberculosis. Records; Some may be among those of the Council in NA. TUBULAR PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Subcommittee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized on May 2U, 1917, and trans- ferred to the American Iron and Steel Institute the following August. Functions: To aid in the procurement of pipe for cantonments and hospitals and in the procurement of all tubular products for Govern- ment use. Records: Some may be among ,those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. TUG AND BARGE DEPARTMENT, Operations Division, Shipping Board Emer- gency Fleet Corporation.—Probably organized in June 1913; termi- nated on November 13, 1921. Functions: To locate and obtain tugs, supervise coastwise towing, and arrange for the movement of piling and lumber by barges. Records; 1918-19 (2 feet) in NA. General correspondence and reports. 595 TURRET MOUNT SECTION, Technical Division, Ordnance Bureau, Navy De- partment.—In existence prior to the war. Functions: To have charge of the design, manufacture, and procurement of ordnance turrets, except with regard to guns, armor, fire-control apparatus, optical instruments, and structural work performed by the Bureau of Construction and Repair. This function included work relating to turret mounts for major caliber guns, ammunition hoists, rammers, loading traps, and electrical machinery. In addition, the Section was in charge of the design and manufacture of naval railway and tractor mounts intended for major caliber naval guns and the pro- curement of the auxiliary material, such as locomotives, cars, tractors, and automobiles, necessary to operate batteries on land. It was also in charge of the procurement and distribution of tech- nical and statistical information pertaining to the naval service. Records; In the Navy Department. 596 u UNDERGROUND SOUND DETECTING AND RANGE FINDING SECTION, Mining Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department,—Investigations begun in November 1917. Probably terminated with the close of the war. Functions: To study the standardization of sound waves and the development of recording instruments for sound. Records: Probably in the ?iines Bureau, References; Mines Bureau, Explosives and Miscellaneous Investigations. 99-102 (Bulletin 178D. Washington, 1919). UNITED STATES BRANCH, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General’s Office, War Department.—Created on January 2, 1918. Terminated on October 19, 1918, upon the transfer of the Division to the Office of the Director of Purchase. Functions: To handle the problem of domestic requirements and the distribution of surplus stores. Rec- ords; Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. UNIVERSITIES AND AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES SECTION, Home Conservation Divi- sion, Food Administration.—See SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES DIVISION. UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES SUBCOMMITTEE, Engineering and Education Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION COMMITTEE. UNSKILLED LABOR SECTION, Employment Service, Labor Department.—Estab- lished in May 1918 and terminated at the close of the war. Functions To recruit unskilled labor for war industries. Records; Whereabouts unknown. UPPER AND HARNESS LEATHER SECTION, Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division, War Industries Board.—Organized in the Quartermaster General's Office about March 1, 1918, when the Upper Leather Section and the Harness Bag and Strap Section of the Office were combined. Transferred to the War Industries Board about October 1, 1918, Dis- continued on December 31» 1918. Functions: To stimulate production of upper, harness, bag, and strap leathers and to supervise the in- dustry, Records: Among those of the Board in NA. UPPER LEATHER, HARNESS, BAG, AND STRAP LEATHER SECTION, Hide and Leath- er Control Branch, Supplies and Equipment Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See HIDE AND LEATHER CONTROL BRANCH. UROLOGY SECTION, DERMATOLOGY AND, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See DERMATOLOGY AND UROLOGY SECTION. UTILITIES AND RESEARCH DIVISION, Food Administration.—See ALIMENTA- TION DIVISION. UTILITIES, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE SECTION, Maintenance and Re- pair Branch, Construction Division, War Department.—Apparently created before the war as a Section of the Construction and Repair 597 Division, Quartermaster General's Office* This Division became the Maintenance and Repair Branch of the Cantonment Division on October 10, 1917, and on March 13, 1918, was transferred to the Construction Division. Functions: To handle the maintenance and repair of util- ities in connection with Army construction projects. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. £98 V VALUATION OF DAMAGE SUBCOMMITTEE, Reparation of Damages Commission, Peace Conference.—Appointed on February 1919. Consisted of one representative from each of the following powers; the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Greece, Poland, Portu- gal, Rumania, Serbia, and Czechoslovakia. Held 27 meetings (Feb, 15- Apr. 1, 1919). On March 7, 1919, this Subcommittee appointed a Spe- cial Committee to obtain a statement of claims from the powers not represented on the Commission. American representative, Vance McCormick, Lord Sumner (of Great Britain), Chairman. Functions; To define damage categories and establish evaluation methods. Rec- ords; Probably some are in the State Department among those of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. VALUATION OF LAKE SHIPS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—Estab- lished on November 7, 1917, and dissolved after it submitted its final report on February 2A, 1918. To determine the compensation to be paid to owners of requisitioned Great Lakes ves- sels. Records: None are known to exist, A copy of the Committee's final report is in the general files of the Shipping Board in NA. VEGETABLE DYE SECTION, ARTIFICIAL AND, Chemicals Division, War In- dustries Board See ARTIFICIAL DYES AND INTERMEDIATES SECTION. VEGETABLE UTILIZATION LABORATORY, FRUIT AND, Chemistiy Bureau, Agri- culture Department.—See FRUIT AND VEGETABLE UTILIZATION LABORATORY. VEGETABLES DIVISION, POTATOES AND STAPLE, Food Administration.—See POTATO AND DEHYDRATION SECTION, Perishable Foods Division. VEGETABLES MARKET NEWS SERVICE, FRUITS AND, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See FRUITS AND VEGETABLES MARKET NEWS SERVICE. VEGETABLES SECTION, FRUITS AND, Perishable Foods Division, Food Ad- ministration.—See FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SECTION. VEGETABLES SUBSECTION, FRESH, Supervisory Field Inspection Section, Inspection Branch, Subsistence Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SUPERVISORY FIELD INSPECTION SECTION. VEHICLE AND HARNESS BRANCH, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Estab- lished on October 28, 1918. About March 1, 1919» the functions of this Branch relative to harness were transferred to the Ordnance Sub- division, and the Branch was consolidated with the Motors Branch to form the Motors and Vehicles Branch. Functions; To control the storage, distribution, and maintenance of stocks of animal-drawn vehicles and harness for the Array. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. VEHICLE, IMPLEMENT, AND WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION, Finished Products Divi- sion, War Industries Board,—Formed on October 17, 1917, as the Agricultural Implements, Vehicles, and Wood Products Section, but 599 commonly known by the above name. May also have been known as the Wagon and Vehicle Section, Discontinued after the armistice. Func- tions: To aid and stabilize the industry and to advise with Govern- ment purchasing agencies. Records: Among those of the Board in NA, VEHICLES AND HARNESS BRANCH, Quartermaster Subdivision, Overseas Dis- tribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on November 1, 1918. In exist- ence on February 1, 1919 > when the Division was abolished. Functions: To be responsible for the delivery of the following classes of sup- plies to ports of embarkation and for obtaining the necessary priori- ties and releases: Miscellaneous wagons, carts, escort wagons, and harness, together with parts for such supplies. Records: Some are araong those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. VEHICLES AND HARNESS DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War De- partment,—Some of the functions of this Division originated in the Vehicles and Leather Equipment Branch of the Remount Division. On February 13, 1918, this Branch was transferred to the Supplies and Equipment Division, where on April 16, the Vehicles and Harness Branch was established. On May 18, this Branch became a Division, which functioned through the following Branches: Harness, Vehicles, and Administrative. In October, it was abolished and its duties were transferred to the Leather and Rubber Branch, Clothing and Equipage Division, Office of the Director of Purchase, and to the Motors and Vehicles Division of the same Office, Functions: To procure vehi- cles and harness for the use of the Army. Records; Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, VEHICLES AND LEATHER EQUIPMENT BRANCH, Remount Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See VEHICLES AND HARNESS DIVISION. VEHICLES BRANCH, Vehicles and Harness Division, Quartermaster General's Office, Yfar Department,—Originally part of the Vehicles and Harness Branch, established on April 16, 1918, in the Supplies and Equipment Division, Became the Vehicles Branch, Vehicles and Harness Division, on the formation of this Division on May 18, 1918, Abolished in October, when its duties were transferred to the Motors and Vehicles Division, Office of the Director of Purchase, Functions; To procure vehicles. Records; Probably among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA. VEHICLES BRANCH, MOTORS AND, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES BRANCH, Domestic Distribution Division. VEHICLES BRANCH, MOTORS AND, Surplus Property Division, Storage Direc- tor's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Stor- age, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES BRANCH, Surplus Property Division, VEHICLES DIVISION, MOTORS AND, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Divi- sion, General Staff, War Department,—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES DIVI- SION. 600 VEHICLES SECTION, MOTORS AND, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See MOTORS AND VEHICLES SECTION. VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL SECTION, Infectious Diseases and Laboratories Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—Established in July 1917 as the Combating Venereal Diseases Section to press the campaign against these diseases, which had been carried on since 1909 by the Office. On August 29, 1919, there was established ty Office Order No. 655 the Venereal Disease Control Division, to which the personnel, equipment, and records of this Section were transferred Functions: To institute measures for the prevention and control of venereal diseases in the military service, and to correlate this work with other work of a similar nature being carried on in other parts of the Office. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. VENEREAL DISEASE SUBCOMMITTEE, Hygiene and Sanitation Committee, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See CIVILIAN COOPERATION IN COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES COMMITTEE. VENEREAL DISEASES DIVISION, Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- ment.—Created by an act of July 9, 1918, which also created the Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board to deal with the same problem. Functions: To control venereal diseases by investigating their causes and treatment; to prepare educational mediums; and to cooperate with State health agencies. Records: 1918-21 (80 feet) in NA. Include records relating to Federal cooperation with State and private agen- cies in combating venereal diseases, to research on and treatment of such diseases, to devices for stimulating public interest in campaigns against them, and to controlling venereal diseases in extra-canton- ment zones. VERMIN INFESTATION AND DISINFESTATION SUBSECTION, Miscellaneous Sec- tion, Sanitation Division, Surgeon General's Office, War Depart- ment See MISCELLANEOUS SECTION. VERNACULAR PRESS SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.— Established in 1917 and directed successively by J, V. Forster and William Churchill. In the spring of 1918 its functions were assumed by the newly created Copy Desk Section of which Everett W. Smith was Chief, Functions: To supply the foreign language press with mate- rial on food conservation. Records; 1917-18 (with those of the Copy Desk Section, total 8 feet) in NA, Include lists of foreign language newspapers published in this country. VESSEL ASSIGNMENTS, FUEL STOCKS AND, Logistics and Fuel Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department,—See FUEL STOCKS AND VESSEL ASSIGNMENTS. VESSEL BRANCH, SAILING, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board,—See SAILING VESSEL BRANCH. VESSEL OPERATION BRANCH, Water Transportation Division, Transporta- tion Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Originated prior to the war as a Section in the Water Transport Branch, Transportation Division, Quartermaster General's Office. On May 25, 1918, it be- came a Branch of the Water Transport Section, Embarkation Service, 601 Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, and from thence it was trans- ferred to the Transportation Service Chief's Office on March 11, 1919. Gradually expanded until it operated through five Sections: Troop Transports; Cargo Transports; Harbor Floating Equipment; Allocation, Release, and Transfer; and Marine Intelligence, Functions: To be responsible for the duties indicated by the names of the sections through which it operated. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department, VESSELS, BOARD TO APPRAISE ENEMY, Navy Department.—See EMMY VESSELS, BOARD TO APPRAISE. VESSELS, JOINT ARMY AND NAVI BOARD OF SURVEY OF MERCHANT.—See JOINT MERCHANT VESSEL BOARD. VESSELS APPRAISAL BOARD, MERCHANT AND PRIVATE, Navy Department.—See MERCHANT AND PRIVATE VESSELS APPRAISAL BOARD. VESSELS ASSIGNMENT COMMITTEE, Shipping Board.—See ASSIGNMENTS COM- MITTEE, VESSELS OF THE NAVI, BOARD TO DETERMINE METHOD OF DISPOSAL OF CERTAIN, Navy Department.—See REVIEW BOARD. VETERANS' BUREAU,—Created by an act of August 9, 1921. This act abolished the War Risk Insurance Bureau and conferred its oowers and duties on the Veterans' Bureau, It also transferred tc the new organization duties of the Federal Board for Vocational Education relating to vocational rehabilitation of veterans and duties of the Public Health Service relating to the examination, care, and treat- ment of ex-service men. All affected records, functions, property, and personnel of the agencies mentioned were included in the transfer. By this act, therefore, the administration of World War veterans' re- lief was for the first time centralized in one agency. On July 21, 1930, by Executive Order No. 5398, issued under authority of an act of July 3, 1930, the functions, property, personnel, and records of the Veterans' Bureau were transferred to the Veterans' Administration. Functions: To carry out the various acts granting benefits to veter- ans of the World War and to terminate those activities of the War Risk Insurance Bureau then in process of liquidation. Records: Cer- tain of the records are interfiled with those of the War Risk In- surance Bureau and of the Veterans' Administration in NA. Other records are in the Veterans' Administration. References: Gustavus A. Weber and Laurence F. Schmeckebier, The Administration. 218-226 (Washington, 1934)J Veterans' Bureau, Annual Report. 1922. VETERINARY DIVISION, Surgeon General's Office, War Department,—A com- missioned Veterinary Corps was created by the National Defense Act of June 3> 1916, as a part of the Medical Department, The adminis- trative work connected with the expansion and functions of this Corps was successively under the direction of a veterinary advisory board and of individual veterinary or medical officers verbally as- signed to that duty until June 21, 1918, when a medical officer was detailed as Director of the Veterinary Corps. Eventually a Veteri- nary Division was organized under this officer. Functions: To handle all matters pertaining to the administration of the Veteri- nary Corps. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA, 602 VETERINARY SUPPLIES SECTION, MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND, Commodity Branch, Supplies Division, Storage Service, Purchase and Storage Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, Wai Depart- ment.—See MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND VETERINARY SUPPLIES SECTION, VICE AND LIQUOR CONTROL SECTION, Law Enforcement Division, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department,—Organized in 1917. Functions: To close red-light districts and to attempt to break up the activities of prostitutes and bootleggers around Army camps. Records: In the General Staff, War Department, VIOLATIONS COMMITTEE, War Trade Board.—Formed in September 1918 as a subcommittee of the Contraband Committee and on October 21 became a separate committee. Dissolved on April 5, 1919, and functions trans- ferred to the Assistant Counselor of the War Trade Board. Functions To handle violations and evasions of export, import, and bunker regu- lations of the Board. Records: 1918-19 (2 feet) in the State De- partment, Include correspondence and memoranda. VIOLATIONS INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION SECTION, Explosives Regula- tion Division, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—See EXPLOSIVES REGULATION DIVISION. VIRUS-SERUM CONTROL OFFICE, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture De- partment,—Established on February 17, 1917, although such work had been begun on July 1, 1913, under the Biochemic Division. Became the Division of Virus-Serum Control on July 1, 1920. Functions: During the war, to exercise special, care in supervising biological products brought into the country from abroad so that the viruses of infectious diseases would not be introduced either Intentionally or by accident through the contamination of imported biological products. Records; 1917-18 (5 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA, VISA OFFICE, State Department.—Established in the Passport Control Division, by Departmental Order No. 115 of August 13, 1918. Made an independent Office in the Department by Departmental Order No. 150 of November 21, 1919. Functions: To exercise control over aliens coming to the United States by granting or refusing visas. The Of- fice also examined applications submitted by American consuls abroad Records: 191/.-32 (511 feet) in NA. Correspondence. VISfi SUBSECTION, Passport Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelli- gence Division, General Staff, War Department,—See PASSPORT SECTION VITAL STATISTICS DIVISION, Census Bureau, Commerce Department,—In existence before the war. Functions: To collect, compile, and pre- pare for publication various lists of vital statistics. During the war it assisted the Provost Marshal General's Office of the War De- partment in estimating the number of registrants, in classifying oc- cupations and determining the ages of registrants, and in allocating enlistments. Records: In the Census Bureau. VITAL STATISTICS SECTION, CURRENT, Sanitation Division, Surgeon Gen- eral's Office, War Department.—See CURRENT STATISTICS SECTION. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, FEDERAL BOARD FOR.—See FEDERAL BOARD FOR VO CATIONAL EDUCATION. 603 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DIVISION, Federal Board for Vocational Education.— During the early months of its existence the Board operated without the aid of subordinate units, but with the passing of the act of June 27, 1918, which expanded its functions to Include vocational rehabili- tation, it became necessary to establish a Vocational Education Divi- sion to carry on its original function. The Division was reorganized in 1921. Functions: During the war the Division promoted vocational education through four services: Agricultural, trade and technical, home economics, and commercial. For several months in 1919 it super- vised an Employment Management Section, Its efforts resulted in the training of large numbers of men for special services in the armed forces. Records: Some may be interfiled with those of the Board in NA. Others remain in the Board's files in the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION DIVISION, Federal Board for Vocational Ed- ucation.—Established to carry out the functions delegated to the Board by the act of June 27, 1918, as amended. Supervised 1A district offices, which were opened in the fall of 1918, and 100 or more local offices. The functions of this Division were transferred to the Veterans' Bureau when the Bureau was created on August 9, 1921. Functions: To register, advise, train, and place in civil employ- ment after discharge persons disabled while in the armed forces. After Jul> 11, 1919, the Board was responsible for determining the eligibility of disabled men for training and for maintaining them while in training, and an Eligibility Section was established in the Division for this work. Records; Interfiled with those of the Board in the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency. VOLUNTEER MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS CENTRAL GOVERNING BOARD, General Med- ical Board, Medicine and Sanitation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Formation approved by the General Medical Board on January 13, 1918j ceased to function after the armistice. Functions; To organize a body through which the serv- ices of physicians ineligible for the military and naval services might be utilized by the Government. Records; Some are among those of the Council in NA, including card records of members of and ap- plications for membership in the Volunteer Medical Service Corps, VOLUNTEERS DIVISION, SHIPYARD, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See SHIPYARD VOLUNTEERS DIVI- SION. 6oU w WAGE ADJUSTMENT BOARD, NEW YORK HARBOR.—See NEW YORK HARBOR WAGE AD- JUSTMENT BOARD. WAGE COMMISSION, EMERGENCY CONSTRUCTION, War Department.—See CANTON- MENT ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION. WAGE COMMISSION, RAILROAD, Railroad Administration See RAILROAD WAGE COMMISSION. WAGE REIMBURSEMENT COMMITTEE, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion,—Three organizations successively bore this title. The first, established on December 19, 1919, was abolished on October 23, 1920, when its functions were turned over to the Construction Claims Board. This arrangement proved unsatisfactory, however, and a second Wage Reimbursement Committee was established on March 3, 1921. This second Committee became inactive after the dissolution of the Construction Claims Board on July 29, 1921, although its work was continued in the Claims Section of the Law Division of the Corporation. After Feb- ruary 21, 1922, wage reimbursement work was handled by the Labor Claims Unit of the Claims Department. The Unit was abolished in October 1922, and the work was thereafter carried on by a third Wage Reimbursement Committee until September 1924. Functions; To pass upon claims for extra labor costs that resulted from wartime wage increases; to consider, interpret, and decide questions regarding excess labor cost and wage reimbursement; and to investigate claims for wage reimbursement and advise the Construction Claims Board and the Claims Commission, Records: 1919-24 (13 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, notes, memoranda, and reports. References: Ship- ping Board, Annual Reports. 1919-24; Shipping Board, Legal Division, "History of Claims for 'Coefficient Payments for Overtime' on Requi- sitioned and Contract Ships," prepared by 0. P, M, Brown (Feb. 1, 1923* Processed), WAGES AND CONDITIONS OF WORK STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—See STANDARDIZATION OF WAGES AND CONDITIONS OF WORK COMMITTEE. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Produc- tion Division, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department.—Created in August 1918 to take over the work of the Mediation Branch, which had been established in the Section in December 1917. Function?: To investigate and adjust disputes between employers and employees in plants working on ordnance orders, to handle the relations of the Ordnance Department with trade unions, and to endeavor to prevent disputes by eliminating the cause of trouble. Records: Probably with those of the Office in NA. WAGES AND HOURS SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Organized in April 1917. Became inactive in the summer of 1918 upon the formation of the War Labor Administration in the Labor Department, Functions; To assist in incorporating proper standards for wages and hours in Government contracts. Records: Some may be among those of the Council in NA. 605 WAGES AND 7/ORKING CONDITIONS BOARD, RAILROAD, Railroad Administration.— See RAILROAD WAGES AND WORKING CONDITIONS BOARD. WAGON AND VEHICLE SECTION, Vehicle, Implement, and Wood Products Sec. tion. Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See VEHI- CLE, IMPLEMENT, AND WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION. WAGON TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Animal-Drawn Transportation Division, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Established about May 6, 1919. Functions: To operate and manage wagon trans- portation for the Army. Records: In the Quartermaster General's Office,Services of Supply, War Department, WAR AUTHORS RESPONSIBILITY AND ENFORCEMENT OF PENALTIES COMMISSION, Peace Conference.—See RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS OF THE WAR AND ENFORCEMENT OF PENALTIES COMMISSION. WAR BADGES COMMITTEE.—See WAR INDUSTRIES BADGE COMMITTEE. WAR BOARD FOR THE PORT OF NEW YORK.—Created on November 3, 1917, by the Secretaries of War, the Treasury, the Navy, Commerce, and Labor, the Chairman of the Shipping Board, the Mayor of New York City, and representatives of railroads serving the port of New York. Dissolved in April 1918. Its functions were then taken over by the War Depart- ment and the New York and New Jersey Port and Harbor Commission. Wil- liam G, MqAdoo and Edward N. Hurley, Chairmen successively. Functions! To develop methods of utilizing the entire facilities of the port of New York in order to speed up the loading of ships carrying troops and supplies to Europe and, after December 29, 1917, to supervise the em- barkation of troops from the port of New York. Records: Whereabouts unknown. WAR CABINET,—The creation of numerous war agencies gave rise to the need of a body to coordinate the activities of all Government units. In December 1917 seven Cabinet members (six of whom formed the Coun- cil of National Defense) began to meet with the heads of several im- portant emergency agencies in what was called the Joint Weekly Con- ference. The Conference proved to be inadequate, and early in 1918 there was introduced in the United States Senate a bill providing for the creation of a war cabinet of three members with extraordi- nary powers to direct the war effort. The President countered with a bill giving his office increased powers (passed on May 20, 1918, as the Overman Act), and then began to meet in person at the White House with the heads of the six major emergency agencies—the Chair- men of the War Trade Board, the War Industries Board, and the Ship- ping Board, and the Fuel Administrator, the Food Administrator, and the Director General of Railroads. This "War Cabinet," as it was popularly designated, first met on March 20, 1918, and thereafter regularly on Wednesdays until the armistice. It did not take the place of the Cabinet, which met weekly as usual during this period. Functions: To aid the President in coordinating the work of the emergency agencies, and to enable each administrator who participated in the meetings to see how his problems touched those of his col- leagues, Records; Probably none created. WAR COLLEGE DIVISION, General Staff, War Department.—See WAR PLANS DIVISION. 606 WAR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES, BOARD OF CONTROL [FOR] (KEWPORT NEWS) Established by the Secretaries of War and the Navy on July 24, 1917, to sit at Newport News* Originally composed of Brig, Gen. Grote Hutcheson, in charge of the Port of Embarkation, Newport News, and Capt, Richard C. Hollyday, Public Works Officer, Norfolk Navy lard and Station. In March 1918 the Board was expanded to include members from the Labor Department and the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. Rear Admiral F.R. Harris, who had meanwhile replaced Captain Hollyday, became President of the enlarged Board, Later, members appear to have been added from the Fuel and Railroad Admin- istrations. Following the armistice, the Board gradually ceased its activities. No meetings were held after April 1919. In a letter of May 5, 1920, the Acting Secretary of the Navy approved Admiral Harris’ formal dissolution of the Board on March 6, 1920. Consideration was given to the organizing of similar boards in New York and Philadel- phia but the plan was not carried out. Functions: To promote war construction activities in the Fifth Naval District by helping to obtain and distribute labor, to bring about uniform adjustment of. wages, to establish priorities for materials, to solve transporta- tion problems, and to take into consideration such matters as water supply, electricity, housing, and sanitation. Cooperated with the Board of Control of Harbor and Shipping, which also operated in New- port News and included some of the same mdmbers. Records: Where- abouts unknown. In the files of the Yards and Docks Bureau in NA there is a copy of a brief "History of the Board of Control, War Construction Activities Hampton Roads District," which on December 30, 1919, was submitted to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy by Admiral Harris. WAR CONTRACTS SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Indus- tries Board.—Established on August 17, 1917, in the Statistics Division of the C iurcil of National Defense, In April 1918 the Chief of the Division was transferred to the Statistical Section (later the Statistics Branch) of the War Department General Staff, and much of the personnel and many of the records of the Statistics Division of the Council were transferred with him. The work of the War Contracts Section continued, however, but it was not formally and completely organized until about July 1, 1918, when it came under the jurisdiction of the Planning and Statistics Division of the War Industries Board. Its work was practically suspended after the res- ignation of the Chief on September 1$, 1918, It may also have been known as the Contracts Section. Functions: To collect information on war contracts and deliveries. Records: Some are in the War De- partment and others are among the records of the War Industries Board in NA, WAR CONTRACTS SECTION, Statistics Division, Council of National De- fense.—See WAR CONTRACTS SECTION, Planning and Statistics Divi- sion, War Industries Board. WAR COUNCIL, War Department.—Created by order of the Secretary of War on December 20, 1917. Dissolved on July 8, 1918, Functions: To oversee and coordinate matters of supply pertaining to the armies in the field and to the military relations between those armies and the War Department} to initiate for consideration plans for the more effective use of the military power of the Nation} and to consider and make recommendations concerning matters referred to it ty the Secretary of War or the Chief of Staff, Records: In the War Department. 607 WAR COUNCIL, SUPREME,—See SUPREME WAR COUNCIL. WAR CREDITS BOARD, War Department.—A body of three members created by the Secretary of War on November 20, 1917. After the armistice all its attention was devoted to liquidating its business. Functionst To make advances of funds to contractors supplying material for the War Department. It considered applications, arranged the terms of the advances, and authorized the procuring bureau to advance the amounts approved. Records: In the War Department, WAR DEPARTMENT.—An executive department under the Secretary of War in charge of the Military Establishment of the United States. The De- partment has also certain functions of a nonmilitary nature. At the time of the entrance of the United States into the war the central organization of the Department consisted of various operating bureaus and of a General Staff Corps under the Chief of Staff, who served as the immediate adviser of the Secretary of War on all matters relating to the Military Establishment and had supervisory and coordinating duties over the troops of the line and of the special staff and sup- ply bureaus. The Chief of Coast Artillery, also by law a member of tiie General Staff Corps, exercised supervisory functions over the Coast Artillery. The military bureaus were as follows; The Offices of The Adjutant General* Inspector General, and Judge Advocate Gen- eralj the Militia Bureauj the Bureau of Insular Affairsj and the Of- fices of the Quartermaster General, Chief of Ordnance, Surgeon Gen- eral, Chief of Engineers, and Chief Signal Officer, The last five agencies, sometimes spoken of as the supply bureaus, were charged with the procurement of supplies for the Army and were thus the most important agencies of the Department from the viewpoint of economic mobilization. The enormous expansion of the Military Establishment and the rapid developments in military science during the war neces- sitated considerable modification of the pre-war organization of the Department and the formation of several new services. On May 18, 1918, the Selective Service Act providing for the raising of an army by con- scription was passed. On May 22, 1918, Maj. Gen. Enoch H, Crowder was appointed Provost Marshal General and was charged with the exe- cution of this act. Early in the war it was recognized that a bet- ter coordination of the functions of the supply bureaus was desirable, first important step toward the accomplishment of this end was the creation on December 20, 1917, of the War Council with supervisory and coordinating functions. Further successive steps in the same direction were the creation in the General Staff of new services specifically charged with supervision over supplies. General Orders, No. 167, of December 28, 1917, created a Director of Storage and Traffic to enable the Chief of Staff to exercise effectually his supervisory and coordinating powers in respect to the movement and storage of supplies and the movement of troops. General Orders, No, 5, of January 11, 1918, created the Director of Purchase with simi- lar functions with respect to the procurement of materials. Gen- eral Orders, No, 14, of February 9, 1918, reorganized the General Staff into five Divisions, namely: Executive, War Plans, Army Operations, Storage and Traffic, and Purchase and Supply, the last two corresponding to the services created by General Orders, Nos. 167 (December 28, 1917) and 5 (January 11, 1918). General Orders, No. 36, of April 16, 1918, created the Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division of the General Staff through the consolidation of the Purchase and Supply and the Storage and Traffic Divisions. General Orders, No. 80, of August 26, 1918, showed the organization which finally developed in the General Staff during the war period. Four 608 Divisions were created. Military Intelligence, War Plans, Amy Oper- ations, and Purchase, Storage, and Traffic, the latter Division main- taining its previous supervisory and coordinating functions in re- gard to supplies. In the course of the war comprehensive changes took place in the internal organization of the supply bureaus, new agencies charged with the duty of supply were created, and various transfers of functions between bureaus were effected. Following is a list of the new supply agencies formed in the Department with the dates of their creation: Embarkation Service, August A, 1917; Con- struction Division, March 13, 1918; Bureau of Aircraft Production, May 20, 1918; Chemical Warfare Service, June 25, 1918; Inland Traf- fic Service, August 1, 1918; Motor Transport Corps, August 15, 1918; Purchase and Storage Service, September 12, 1918; Finance Service, October 11, 1918; and Real Estate Service, April 1, 1919, On August 28, 1918, General Orders, No. 81, combined the Bureau of Aircraft Production with the Division of Military Aeronautics to form the Air Service, On March 11, 1919, the Embarkation Service and the Inland Traffic Service were consolidated into the Transportation Service, During the war the number of Assistant Secretaries of War was in- creased from one to three. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War. Functions: As indicated above. Records: The correspondence files of the Office of the Secretary of War, 1913-22 (55 feet), with index, are in NA, These include only correspondence filed in the immediate office of the Secretary of War, none upon which action was taken else- where in the Department. In addition to these files, there are also in NA files of several subdivisions of this office, together with the records of a number of the subordinate agencies of the Department. Other records remain in the Department. References: War Department, Annual Reports. 1917-21, WAR DEPARTMENT, AUDITOR FOR THE, Treasury Department.—See AUDITOR FOR THE WAR DEPARTMENT. WAR DEPARTMENT CLAIMS BOARD, War Department.—Created by War Depart- ment Circular No. 26 on January 20, 1919, with Assistant Secretary of War Benedict Crowell as President. Enlarged by General Orders, No, AO, June 26, 1920, which merged into it the Board of Contract Adjustment and the Board of Appraisers. These Boards became, re- spectively, the Appeal Section and the Appraisal Section of the War Department Claims Board, Other Sections of the Board were Ordnance, Signal Corps, Chemical Warfare, Engineer, Transport, Classification, Patent, Construction, Air Service, Purchase, and Foreign Claims. A Technical Section served to render technical, advice for the Appeals and Appraisal Sections. Two of the executive offices, those of the Statistician and Personnel Officer, have been referred to on occa- sion as the Statistical and Personnel Sections. The Board was dis- solved by General Orders, No, 9, of February 28, 1922 (effective on the following day), which provided that the Foreign Claims Sec- tion be transferred to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of War, Functions; To coordinate and systematize the efforts of the various War Department bureau claims boards that had been appointed to nego- tiate cancelations of contracts following the armistice. Records; With those of the Judge Advocate General's Office in NA, except the records of the Foreign Claims Section, which remain in the War De- partment. Include administrative papers, case files, statistics, decisions, and indexes. References; Benedict Crowell and Robert F, Wilson, Demobilization: Our Industrial and Military Demobilization After the Armistice. 135-1A4 (How America Went to War. New Haven, 1921). 609 WAR EMERGENCY DIVISION, Justice Department,—Created on October 1, 1917, with the appointment of John Lord O'Brian as Special Assistant to the Attorney General for War Work, The Division functioned through the Executive, Internment, Permits, and Registration and Naturalization Sections, Terminated on May 15, 1919, at which time its unfinished work was transferred to various other branches of the Department. Functions: To prepare and enforce various war statutes. Executive orders, and regulations and to handle war-related legal and policy questions on such subjects as espionage, sabotage, passports, alien enemies, sedition, selective service, confiscation of ships, censor- ship, and restricted zones. Records: 1914.-25 (1,000 feet) in NA. Include general and miscellaneous correspondence, legal and other memoranda, legislative history materials, records of investigations, case files, instimetions, reports, war bibliographies, and pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other printed materials. References: Jus- tice Department, Annual Reports. 1917, p. 50-75; 1918, p. 14-57; 1919, p, 21-32; Homer S, Cummings and Carl McFarland, Federal Justice. 413- 431 (New York, 1937); John I>. O’Brian, Civil Liberty in War Time (65 Cong., 3 sess-., S. Doc. 434, serial 7469. Washington, 1919). WAR EXPOSITIONS BUREAU, Films 3M.vision, Committee on Public Information.- Organized in May 1918 and absorbed the Bureau of War Photographs on September 1, 1918. Discontinued on June 30, 1919. Office in New York City, Chester J. Campbell, William G. Rose, and Dean C. Mathews, Directors successively. Functions; To arouse the interest of the public in the war through exhibits showing armaments and captured war trophies. Records; 1918-19 (3 feet) in NA. Include pay-roll books and records of receipts and disbursements. WAR FINANCE CORPORATION.—Created by an act of April 5, 1918, which also created the Capital Issues Committee, The Corporation, under the direction of a board of five men, of whom the Secretary of the Treasury was ex officio Chairman, worked through a Washington of- fice and field agencies. It served as an intermediary between the "Bond Purchase Fund" of the Treasury and the open market for Govern- ment securities. The greatest activity of the Corporation occurred after the armistice. Under President Roosevelt's Reorganization Plan No. II, the Corporation was abolished effective July 1, 1939. Functions; The Capital Issues Committee performed the negative function of restricting unnecessary expenditures during the war. The War Finance Corporation, on the other hand, performed the posi- tive function of extending "aid to industries essential to the ef- fective prosecution of the war, but which, because of the condition of the investment market, found it impossible to obtain funds for required capital outlay." Subsequent to the armistice the organi- zation made advances to railroads under Government control, to Amer- ican exporters, and to American banking institutions that extended credits to finance American exports. Records: 1918-39 feet) in NA, Only a small portion of these records was created before the armistice, and that fraction has been interfiled with the later rec- ords. Consist of files of the Washington office and of the field agencies of the Corporation, Include correspondence, minutes of meetings, books of account, vouchers, financial statements, loan records, annual reports, personnel and pay-roll records, and can- celed checks. References; War Finance Corporation, Annual Reports. 1918-37; Treasury Department, Annual Reports. 1938-40; Woodbury Willoughby, The Capital Issues Committee and War Finance Corporation (Baltimore, 1934): Harold A. Van Dorn. Government Owned Corporations. ch, 5 (New York, 1926), 610 WAR GAS INVESTIGATIONS, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—A research organization begun by the Mines Bureau with its own funds prior to July 1917, and continued thereafter under authority of appropriations made for the Army and Navy but allocated to the Mines Bureau. Termi- nated by an Executive order of June 25, 1918, which transferred the research work on war gases, the Experiment Station established in September 1917 at the American University in Washington, D. C., and the personnel of the Station to the War Department, where they be- came a major part of the newly established Chemical Warfare Service. Functions: To study the use of noxious gases in warfare. The work was carried on through the following Divisions: Chemical Research (Defense); Chemical Research (Offense); Dispersoid; Gas-Mask Research; Manufacturing Development (Defense); Manufacturing Development (Of- fense); Mechanical Research; Pathological Research; Pharmacological Research; Physiological Research; Pyrotechnic Research; Therapeutic Research; and Toxicological Research, Records: In the War Depart- ment and the Mines Bureau, References: Mines Bureau, War Gas In- vestigations (Bulletin 178A, Washington, 1919). WAR INDUSTRIES ABROAD SECTION, Planning and Statistics Division, War Industries Board,—Created on July 1 and transferred to the War Trade Board on December 31, 1918. Functions: To search foreign publica- tions, official documents, and periodicals for information of inter- est to the War Industries Board. Records: Probably in the State Department among those of the War Trade Board, WAR INDUSTRIES BADGE COMMITTEE.—Organized as the War Badges Committee late in 1917 or early in 1918. Composed of representatives of the War, Navy, and Labor Departments, the War Labor Policies Board, and the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, with Hugh Frayne, Chairman of the Labor Division, War Industries Board, as Chairman. It was constituted a permanent advisory committee by a letter of July 9, 1918, from Felix Frankfurter, Chairman of the War Labor Poli- cies Board, and it was thereafter known as the War Industries Badge Committee, The Director of the Industrial Insignia Service of the Labor Department also directed the work of the Committee, Functions; To formulate a program for the distribution of official insignia as evidence of distinction to civilian industrial workers engaged in war industries. Records: Some are in NA interfiled with records of the War Labor Policies Board and the Weir Industries Board, In- clude minutes of meetings, a list of members, and a copy of a re- port of the Committee entitled "U, S, War Industries Badges; A Re- port Issued Under the Direction of the War Labor Policies Board." References: Marie C. Stark, "Industrial Service Badges," in Mili- tary Affairs. 5: 2U-216 (fall 19A1). WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD.—Created by the Council of National Defense on July 28, 1917, to act as a clearinghouse for Government industrial needs. It succeeded the General Munitions Board, which had earlier absorbed the Munitions Standards Board, created in February 1917, and the various advisory committees on industries and materials under the Council were reorganized and made subordinate to it. Other units of the Council were also attached to it at various times. It was made a separate agency on May 28, 1918, by Executive Order No. 2868. Its organization was complex and underwent a number of changes, but in general it functioned through the Requirements, Priorities, Conservation, Facilities, Labor, and Planning and Sta- tistics Divisions, the Price Fixing Committee, and numerous com- modity sections, the names of which reflected the industries and 611 commodities with which they were concerned. The President by Exec- utive Order No. 3019-A of December 31, 1918, directed that the Board should be dissolved on January 1, 1919. It was finally liquidated on July 22, 1919. Bernard M, Baruch, Chairman. Functions: To ob- tain adequate materials for the War Department, the Navy Department, the Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, and the Railroad Ad- ministration j to provide military supplies for the Alliesj to pro- vide commodities required by neutrals in exchange for materials es- sential to the United States; and, in alliance with the Food, Fuel, and War Labor Administrations, to provide for the country's civilian needs. Records: 1916-23 (3,710 feet) in NA. Include general cor- respondence of the Secretaries of the General Munitions Board and the War Industries Board and of the General Counsel and Liquidating Officer; correspondence and other records concerning particular com- modities and Industries, construction projects, the storage of mate- rials, prices, conservation, labor and transportation problems, fire prevention, plant facilities, legal matters, and many other subjects; J minutes of meetings of the Board and of conferences with industrial leaders; studies of the availability of raw materials; and reports on the operations and capacities of industrial plants. The records of many of the subdivisions of the Board are dispersed throughout consolidated or "commodity" files created under the direction of the Council of National Defense during the years 1919-23. Maps assembled at the request of "The Inquiry" for use at the Paris Peace Conference are deposited with the American Geographical Society in New York City, and some "typewritten, mimeographed, and printed materials" of the Planning and Statistics Division are in the Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Congress authorized the disposal of a small group of records of the Board in 1928, References; National Archives, Preliminary Inventory of the War Industries Board Records (May 1941. Processed), which includes a selective bibliography, and Selective List of Records in the Files of the War Industries Board Relating to the Supply. Production, and Control of Certain Commodities in Wartime (April 25, 1941* Processed), a lisi compiled in The Nation- al Archives and issued by the Office of Historical Adviser, Division of Priorities, Office of Production Management; Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Industrial America in the World War (Boston, 1923); War Industries Board, American Industry in the War (Washington, 1921), Final Report of the Chairman . . . February 1919 (74 Cong,, 1 sess., §. Cobu Milt 3. Washington, 1935), and Minutes . . . August 1. 1917-December 19. 1918 (74 Cong., 1 sess., S. Com. Print 4. Washington, 1935); Charles 0, Hardy, Wartime Control of Prices. 119-140 (Washington, 1940). WAR LABOR ADMINISTRATION, Labor Department.—A designation under which the Secretary of Labor as War Labor Administrator (appointed Jan. 4, 1918) undertook to direct a coordinated program of labor control dur- ing the war. To enable him to carry on the work of war labor adminis- tration, Congress on July 1, 1918, made appropriations for commissioners of conciliation, an Information and Education Service, an Investiga- tion and Inspection Service, a Personnel Service, a Training and Di- lution Service, a Woman in Industry Service, and a Working Conditions Service. (No "Personnel Service," however, appears to have been created.) In the Department’s Reports for the war years, the above- named unite (but not the commissioners of conciliation, who func- tioned through the Conciliation Division), were treated as parts of the War Labor Administration, as were the Advisory Council, the Division of Negro Economics, the National War Labor Board, and the War Labor Policies Board, which had been created in the first part of 1918. The Secretary of Labor, as War Labor Administrator, made use of the Employment Service, the Conciliation Division (also known 612 during the war as the Labor Adjustment Service), the Children's Bu- reau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but these units do not ap- pear to have been regarded as parts of the Administration. No ap- propriations were made for the continuance of the Administration after June 30, 1920, but the functions of some of its units were con- tinued by permanent units of the Department of Labor. Functionst To provide means of administering war labor activities concerned with mediation and conciliation in labor disputes, working conditions of wage earners in war industries, the acquisition and diffusion of in- formation on subjects connected with labor, the employment of women in industry, and the training and dilution of labor. Records: Those of the National War Labor Board, the War Labor Policies Board, and the Woman in Industry Service are in NA. Those of the Division of Negro Economics, the Information and Education Service, and the Training and Dilution Service were authorized by Congress for disposition on May 7, 1928. References: Labor Department, Reports. 1918-20; Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Industrial America in the World War, ch. 15 (Boston, 1923); Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Adminis- tration in the United States During the World WarT ch. 6 ([Urbana. 1920]); William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After, ch. 10 (New York, 1919). WAR LABOR BOARD, NATIONAL, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,— See NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD. WAR LABOR CONFERENCE BOARD, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,— Upon the recommendation of his Advisory Council, the Secretary of Labor as War Labor Administrator on January 28, 1918, requested the American Federation of Labor and the National Industrial Conference Board to select five persons each to represent labor and capital respectively on a War Labor Conference Board. William Howard Taft, as public rep- resentative for the employers, and Frank P, Walsh, as public repre- sentative for the employees, served as Joint Chairmen. The Board re- ported on March 29, 1918, setting forth certain war labor principles and recommending a National War Labor Board of the same size and rep- resentation as the Conference Board, The War Labor Administrator ac- cordingly appointed the members of the latter to constitute the Na- tional War Labor Board, This action was confirmed by Presidential proclamation of April 18, 1918, and the Conference Board passed out of existence. Functions: To determine the principles and policies that should govern the relations between workers and employers in war industries for the duration of the war. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References; Labor Department, Report. 1918, p. 99-104-j Labor Statistics Bureau, National War Labor Board. 10, 30-34- (Bulle- tin 287. Washington, 1922); Gordon S, Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. lo2- 163 ([Urbana, 1920]). WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,— Recommended by the Advisory Council and created by the Secretary of Labor on May 13, 1918* Composed of representatives of the Depart- ments of Labor, War, the Navy, and Agriculture; the Shipping Board; the Emergency Fleet Corporation; the Fuel, Food, and Railroad Admin- istrations; and the War Industries Board, Plans made by the Board were executed by the agencies represented on it. Discontinued in March 1919. Felix Frankfurter, Chairman. Functions: To harmonize the labor policies of Government agencies and to formulate policies for a unified labor administration. After the armistice, to plan for industrial adjustment and to prepare material on international labor standards for the Peace Conference, Records: 1918-19 (13 feet) in NA. Include minutes of the Board and its committees; cor- respondence of the Chairman, Executive Secretary, and business and 613 reconstruction advisers; correspondence with Governors and State labor officials; papers and reports of committees of the Board; and bulletins, newspaper clippings, and dally digests of articles and ed- itorials pertaining to war labor policies and the Board's activities. Some of the Board's files are missing, and a few of its records are known to be in private hands. References: Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Industrial America in the World 7lar. ch, 15 (Boston, 1923); Alexander M. Bing, War-time Strikes and Their Adjustment. 126-132 (New York [1921]); Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 175-178 ([Urbana. 192oV). WAR LAWS AND CUSTOMS SUBCOMMISSION, RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF, Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of Penalties Commission, Peace Conference.—See RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR SUBCOMMISSION. WAR LAWS AND LIBRARY DIVISION, Judge Advocate General's Office, War De- partment.—Probably existed before the war. Functions: To prepare the monthly Digests of Opinions of the Judge Advocate General and to furnish advance information of a similar character to judge advocates in the field in weekly mimeograph bulletins; to prepare for publica- tion collections of the military laws of the United States and col- lections of laws of the various States, Territories, and insular pos- sessions, affecting the Military Establishment; and to maintain these digests, opinions, and collections in library form. Records: In the Judge Advocate General's Office, WAR LOAN ORGANIZATION, Treasury Department.—Originated in April 1917 and placed under the general supervision of one of the Assistant Sec- retaries of the Treasury, R. C. Leffingwell, Terminated on August 31, 1919, with the resignation of John H. Mason, the last Director, Its Savings Division, however, continued in the Treasury Department. Functions: To conduct the advertisement, sale, and distribution of Liberty Loan bonds. Upon the dissolution of the National War Savings Committee in September 1918, the functions of that Committee were taken over by the Savings Division of the War Loan Organization. Records: 1917-23 (103 feet) in NA, Include correspondence; posters, motion pictures, and other publicity material; some regional records of the National War Savings Committee; and records of the Liberty Loan Association of Banks and Trust Companies of New York City, Other records are in the Treasury Department. References; Treasury De- partment, Annual Reports. 1919, p. 62-66; 1920, p. 68-72, WAR MATERIAL WHICH CAN BE DEMANDED FROM GERMANY TO PREVENT HER FROM RENEWING THE STRUGGLE COMMITTEE, SPECIFICATION OF, Peace Conference See SPECIFICATION OF WAR MATERIAL WHICH CAN BE DEMANDED FROM GERMANY TO PREVENT HER FROM RENEWING THE STRUGGLE COMMITTEE. WAR MINERALS COMMITTEE.—Organized on July 12, 1917, as a joint com- mittee representing the American Association of State Geologists, the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Mining and Metal- lurgical Society of America, the Bureau of Mines, the Geological Survey, and the National Research Council. Probably terminated in 1919. Functions: Among its activities it conducted a census of minerals required in war preparations; inaugurated investigations to obtain production data and to discover new ore bodies and stim- ulate their exploitation; frained the act, approved in modified form on October 5, 1918, that was designed to stimulate production in the United States of ores, metals, and minerals formerly imported; con- sidered means of providing adequate security for producers who were 6lii requested to increase the supply of domestic minerals for war pur- poses} made recommendations to the Secretary of ffarj and cooperated with the War Industries Board. Records; Whereabouts unknown. Ref- erences: Mines and Mining Committee, House, Minerals and Metals for War Purposes. Hearings. March 25-Ajril 2. 1918. p. 69, 115, U7, 157 (Washington, 1918); Interior Department, Administration of War Miner- als Relief Act. 112 (70 Cong., 2 sess., S. Doc. 224, serial 8992. Washington, 1929); National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings. 1917, p. 723. WAR MINERALS INVESTIGATIONS, Mines Bureau, Interior Department.—A re- search organization built up in the Mines Bureau under authority of an appropriation of $150,000 provided for in an act of March 28, 1918. Preliminary war minerals investigations had already been under- taken by the Mining, Mineral Technology, and Metallurgical Divisions of the Bureau. The War Minerals Investigations was terminated and its personnel dispersed on June 30, 1919. Functions: To investigate methods of increasing the available supplies of war minerals, that is, of metals and minerals of military Importance produced domestically in small quantities and normally largely imported. In close associa- tion with the mining experiment stations, reseai'ch was undertaken with regard to manganese, pyrite, sulphuric acid, chromite, graphite, sul- phur, mercury, antimony, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, magnesite, tin, potash, and mica. The general staff in Washington handled prob- lems of priorities, shipping, excess-profits taxes, raining methods, and the political and commercial control of minerals and cooperated with the Capital Issues Commit-tee in the control of capital invest- ment in mining enterprises. Records: 1918-19 (2 l/2 feet) in NA. Correspondence and report files of the Chief Executive of the War Minerals Investigations, with which some material of the War Minerals Relief Commission is combined. Correspondence and reports of the Chief Engineer (3 feet) are filed with records of the Commission, Other records remain in the Mines Bureau and in the experiment sta- tions in the field. References: Mines Bureau, War Minerals. Nitro- gen Fixation, and Sodium Cyanide. 41-53 (Bulletin 178B, Washington, 1919); Josiah E. Spurr, ed.. Political, and Commercial Geology and the World’s Mineral Resources (New York, 1920), includes 38 technical papers written by research workers in the War Minerals Investigations, WAR MINERALS RELIEF COMMISSION, Interior Department.—A body of three members appointed by the Secretary of the Interior in 1919, pursuant to an act of March 2, 1919. To advise and assist the Secretary of the Interior in connection with his function of receiving claims from and reimbursing such persons, firms, or corporations as had suffered net losses during the war ty reason of producing or pre- paring to produce manganese, chrome, pyrite, or tungsten, in com- pliance with the request or demand of the Government. Records: 1919- 41 (295 feet) in NA, Include (1) a "docket file," numbered from 1 to 1269, in which each docket represents a complete case file containing the papers connected with a single claim; (2) lists that serve as in- dexes to the claims adjusted under the act creating the Commission and to those adjusted under later amendments to the act; (3) an index to all claims filed with the Commission: (4) general correspondence, recommendations and awards, and informational files on legislation, interpretations, opinions, rulings, and Government "stimulation"; (5) correspondence and reports of the Chief Engineer, Chief Account- ant, and the examiners; (6) correspondence, reports, and working pa- pers of the field examining engineers and accountants; and (7) de- scriptions of the location, type of mineral, and the mining property 615 involved in each claim. References: Interior Department, Adminis- tration of War Minerals Relief Act (70 Cong., 2 sess,, S. Doc. 22A, serial 8992. Washington, 1929). WAR PHOTOGRAPHS BUREAU, Films Division, Committee on Public Informa- tion .—Formerly the Pictures Division, which became a part of the Films Division in March 1918 under the name Bureau of War Photographs. Organized into departments, one of which was the Department of Slides. Had offices in Washington and New York City. Its functions were taken over by the War Expositions Bureau on September 1, 1918. William A. Grant, Manager. Functions: To promote the making and distribution of official war photographs, especially those made by the Signal Corps; to issue permits for photographing Government activities; and to fur- nish pictures for the Foreign Press Bureau-Mail Service. Records: Turned over to the War and Navy Departments after the war. WAR PLANS BRANCH, War Plans Division, General Staff, War Department.— Created on February 9, 1918. Operated through three Sections, as follows! Organization; National Defense Projects; and, from 1919 on. Inventions. Took over the remaining functions of the Joint Board of Review when that Board was dissolved in May 1920. Functions: To exercise control over natters pertaining to organization policy and the preparation of tables of organization for all branches of the Military Establishment; the preparation of general war plans and, as successor to the Joint Board of Review, the supervision of sea- coast defense projects and plans; and the investigation of inven- tions, suggestions, and devices submitted to the Department. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. WAR PLANS DIVISION, General Staff, War Department.—Created on February 9, 1918, by General Orders, No. H. As organized on August 26, 1918, it operated through an Inventions Section and the following Branches: War Plans; Training and Instruction; Legislation, Regulations, and Rules; and Historical. The Director of the Division served also as Presi dent of the War College. Functions: These included the drawing up of plans for: The organization of all branches of the Army, including the preparation of tables of organization; research and invention in equipment and war material; projects for national defense; proposed legislation and the preparation of legislation and rules for the Military Establishment; the training and inspection of the Army for efficiency and thoroughness, including the supervision of military education and special training; the publication of foreign documents relating to military affairs; and the collection and compilation of complete military records for historical purposes. Records: 1918- 19 (55 feet) in NA, consisting of part of the records of the Economic Mobilization Section, Historical Branch. Other records are in the General Staff, War Department. WAR PORT BOARD.—See WAR BOARD FOR THE PORT OF NEW YORK. WAR PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL WASTE-RECLAMATION SECTION, Labor Divi- sion, War Industries Board.—Authorized on December 17, 1917, and established as the War Prison Labor Committee on February 28, 1918, Renamed on May 9. The Section actively cooperated with the Recla- mation Division of the Quartermaster General's Office. On January 1, 1919, its functions were transferred in part to the Waste Reclama- tion Service of the Department of Commerce, and the Section was dis- continued, Functions: To promote governmental cooperation in reclamation of manpower and waste material; the utilization of prison- ers* labor and the standardization of industries in penal institutions; 616 the reeducation by vocational training of injured and crippled sol- diers and sailors; and the development of camp gardens* Records: In NA. Correspondence and questionnaires end reports on the use of prison labor in industry and agriculture are among records of the Waste Reclamation Service (total 7 feet). Other records are included in the "consolidated files" of the War Industries Board, WAR PURCHASES AND FINANCE INTERALLIED COUNCIL.—See INTERALLIED COUNCIL ON WAR PURCHASES AND FINANCE. WAR RESPONSIBILITY SUBCOMMISSION, Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of Penalties Commission, Peace Conference,—See RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAR SUBCOMMISSION. WAR RISK INSURANCE BUREAU, Treasury Department,—Created by an act of September 2, 1914» to provide insurance for American merchant ves- sels and their cargoes against war risks. By an act of June 12, 1917, insurance was extended to cover personal effects, loss of life, injury, and detention of masters, other officers, and crews of Ameri- can merchant vessels. The activities of the Bureau were greatly ex- panded by an act of October 6, 1917, which,placed in it the adminis- tration of the compensation system, military and naval insurance, and the allotment and allowance program. Operated through a number of boards and divisions. The Bureau was abolished by am act of August 9, 1921, which conferred its functions on the Veterans' Bureau, created by the same legislation. Functions; The issuance of marine insurance and of life insurance to persons in the armed forces; the administra- tion of the compensation system for disability incurred in line of duty; the administration of the allotment and allowance program for the support of dependents of persons in the armed forces; the pro- tection of private life insurance policies of persons in the armed forces against lapse because of nonpayment of premiums (under section 4 of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of March 8, 1918); and the licensing of foreign insurance companies (under authority delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury by Executive Order No. 2729-A of October 12, 1917). Records: In the Veterans' Administra- tion, except for the records relating to marine and seamen's in- surance and to the protection of private life insurance policies (367 feet, including records of successors), which are in NA, These consist of administrative, claims, and Marine'Advisory Board files, correspondence, claims registers, and other materials. References: Treasury Department, Annual Reports. 1914-21, which include sum- maries of the Bureau's operations; War Risk Insurance Bureau, Annual Report. 1920, which includes an account of the Bureau's organization and functions (other reports issued by the Bureau are limited to de- tails of receipts and expenditures); Gustavus A. Weber and Laurence F, Schmeckebier, The Veterans' Administration. 212-218 (Washington, 1934); William F. Willoughby, Government Organization in War Time and After, ch. 15 (New York, 1919). WAR RISK INSURANCE DIVISION, Adjutant General's Office, War Depart- ment,—Organized on September 1, 1917. Probably discontinued in 1920. Functions: To handle all matters in the Army arising under the War Risk Insurance Act of September 2, 1914; to advise and in- struct officers and enlisted men concerning the benefits and re- quirements of the act; and to supervise the preparation of allotment and insurance forms. After the armistice, the Division served as the principal agent for the adjustment and settlement of allotment, in- surance, and compensation claims both for men still in the service and for those discharged. Records: In The Adjutant General's Office. 617 WAR RISK INSURANCE DIVISION, ALLOTMENT AND, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—See ALLOTMENT DIVISION. WAR RISK INSURANCE SECTION, Disbursing Division, Supplies and Accounts Bureau, Navy Department.—Established in the Disbursing Division in October 1917. Transferred to the Allotment Division (also known as the Allotment and War Risk Insurance Division) on March 1, 1918, and reestablished in the Disbursing Division on January 1, 1919. Officially abolished on February 15 of that year and terminated its activities on April 1. Functions: To act as a service unit for the benefit of per- sonnel of the Navy in matters pertaining to war risk insurance. Rec- ords: Transferred to the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Treasury De- partment, in April 1919 and now in the Veterans* Administration. WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE, NATIONAL, Treasury Department,—See NATIONAL WAR SAVINGS COMMITTEE. WAR SERVICE COMMITTEES.—The terra "War Service Committee" was applied to certain private organizations that represented an entire industry or business in its relations with the Government. A number of these Com- mittees, of which some AGO had been established by the time of the armistice, succeeded advisory committees of the Council of National Defense (see the Advisory Commission of the Council). Others, such a the Cotton Thread Manufacturers' War Service Committee, were or- ganized ty the War Industries Board. At the request of the Council oi National Defense, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States fostered the organization of these Committees and established at its national headquarters in Washington, D. C., a central coordinating body called the "War Service Executive Committee." The latter re- mained in continuous session for the purpose of serving the Govern- ment and the War Service Committees. Functions: To bring about effective cooperation and united effort on the part of business and industry in supporting the Government in the prosecution of the war. Records; Whereabouts unknown. WAR SERVICE EXCHANGE, Glassification of Personnel in the Army Committee, Adjutant General's Office, War Department.—Established by The Ad- jutant General on January 9, 1918, as a unit of the Committee on Classification of Personnel in the Army. Transferred with the Com- mittee to the Commissioned Personnel Branch, Operations Division, Gen- eral Staff, on September 18, 1918. Functions: To determine the qualifications and occupations of civilians desirous of entering the Army either as officers or enlisted men or in a civilian capacity, and to advise them how to proceed. Records; In The Adjutant General's Office. WAR TRADE BOARD.—Established hy Executive Order No. 2729-A of October 12, 1917, to perform the duties of the former Exports Administrative Board, Composed of representatives of the State, Treasury, Agricul- ture, and Commerce Departments and of the Food Administration, the Shipping Board, and the War Industries Board, Included the Bureaus of Administration, Branches and Customs, Enemy Trade, Exports, Foreign Agents and Reports, Imports, Research and Statistics, Transportation, and War Trade Intelligence} an Information Division} and a Contra- band Committee. In November 1918 it organized a corporation known as the "War Trade Board of the United States Russian Bureau, Incor- porated," generally known as the Russian Bureau, Inc, Ceased to exist as a separate entity on June 30, 1919, when it was succeeded by the War Trade Board Section of the State Department. Vance C, McCormick, Chairman. Functions: To wage economic warfare- against 618 the enemy and to conserve shipping and commodities through the li- censing of exports and imports and the rationing of supplies to neu- trals. Records: 1917-20 (combined with those of the Export Licenses Division, Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, and of the Exports Administrative Board, total 7,831 feet) in the State Department, In- clude correspondence of the Chairman, the Secretary, and most of the Board members; records relating to the issuance of import and export licenses; and records relating to the organization of the War Trade Board in the United States and abroad. Among the records are the 1918 report of the Board (which was not printed) and the minutes of the War Trade Board, the Exports Administrative Board, the Exports Council, the Allied Blockade Committee, the British Contraband Committee, the Superior Blockade Council, the Superior Economic Council, the London Conference, the Allied Rationing and Statistical Committee, and the various interallied trade committees. References: War Trade Board, Report (Washington, 1920), and Directoriesf 1917-18, WAR TRADE BOARD OF THE UNITED STATES RUSSIAN BUREAU, INC.—See RUSSIAN BUREAU, INC. WAR TRADE BOARD SECTION, State Department,—Established by departmental orders of July 1 and October 7, 1919, as the successor to the War Trade Board, following the transfer of the personnel, functions, records, and public property of the Board to the State Department under an Exec- utive order of March 3, 1919, and amendments of May 12 and June 23, Functions: To continue the work of the Board with regard to the is- suance of export and import licenses, (The administration of the for- eign agents and representatives of the Board was assigned to the Con- sular Bureau.) Records: In the Communications and Records Division, S*ate Department, WAR TRADE COUNCIL.—Created by an Executive order of October 12, 1917, under authority of the Espionage Act, Composed of the Secretaries of State, the Treasury, Agriculture, and Commerce, the Food Adminis- trator, and the Chairman of the Shipping Board, Superseded the Ex- ports Council. Functions: To act in an advisory capacity upon such matters of trade control as were referred to it by the President and the War Trade Board. Records: Whereabouts unknown. WAR TRADE INTELLIGENCE BUREAU, War Trade Board.—Created on October 15, 1917, replacing the War Trade Intelligence Section of the Exports Administrative Board. Included the following Divisions: Censorship and Correspondence, Editing and Carding, and Research and Investiga- tion. After the armistice its work declined, and the suspension of the "enemy trading lists" on April 29, 1919, still further reduced its activities. On May 12, 1919, it was merged with the Enemy Trade Bureau under ihe name of the latter. Functions: To determine the enemy or nonenemy status or affiliations of persons trading with any person or firm in the United States, Supplied the Enemy Trade Bureau with information concerning applicants for licenses to trade with the enemy. Acted as a clearinghouse of war trade intelligence for the Government and the Allies. Records: 1917-19 (736 feet) in the State Department. Include correspondence, intercepted material, reports, memoranda, and cards containing digests of intelligence information relating to persons or firms received from other Government agencies and the Allies. WAR TRANSACTIONS SECTION, Justice Department.—See CRIMINAL DIVISION. WAR WORK DIVISION, WOMEN'S, Public Information Committee,—See WOMEN'S WAR WORK DIVISION. 619 WAR WORK EXTENSION DIVISION, Education Bureau, Interior Department.— Organized on May 2, 1918, under a cooperative agreement between the Secretary of the Interior and the National Americanization Committee of New York. In September 1918, it was merged with the Immigrant Ed- ucation Division (also known as the Division for the Investigation of the Education of Immigrants) to form the Americanization Division, Functions; To unite the various racial groups in the United States "behind the American war policies and to induce them to become active participants in the war program, preparing them for a fundamental understanding of citizenship, familiarizing them with the Government's war activities, provisions, and needs through war-information centers, industrial plants, racial societies, and the foreign-language press ... and securing active cooperation of other Government agencies through which foreign-born residents would be reached." Records: Probably destroyed. WAR WORKERS BUREAUS, RETURNING SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND.—See RETURNING SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS BUREAUS, WAR WORKERS LIVING CONDITIONS COMMISSION, Labor Department.—See LIVING CONDITIONS OF WAR WORKERS COMMISSION. WAR ZONE PASS COMMISSION, Shipping Board.—Authorized by a Shipping Board resolution of January 22, 1918, and appointed in February 1918 by the Chairman of the National Adjustment Commission. Consisted of three members representing respectively the Government and public, the shipping interests, and the longshoremen. Functions; To supervise the issuance, suspension, and revocation of passes to longshoremen in the war zone on the New York waterfront. Records; Whereabouts un- known. WAREHOUSE DISTRIBUTION BUREAU, Steel Division, War Industries Board.— Formed on July 22 and discontinued by December 31, 1918. Functions: To list the warehouses of the country, to divide them into classes according to tonnage sold per month, and to supervise their activities Records! 1918 (17 feet) in NA. Include general correspondence and reports of dealers and warehouses. WAREHOUSE HANDLING METHODS BRANCH, Service Subdivision, Domestic Oper- ations Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Organized on November 1, 1918. On May 13, 1919, it was consolidated with the Space Allotment Branch and the Army Reserve Depot Subdivision into the Reserve Depot and Space Al- lotment Branch of the Operations Control Division, Storage Service. Functions; To determine and install proper methods for warehousing supplies. Records: Some are among those of the Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office in NA. WAREHOUSE SECTION, DISTRIBUTION AND, Supply Division, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—S,ee DISTRIBUTION AND WAREHOUSE SECTION. WAREHOUSING DIVISION, Quartermaster General's Office, War Deport- ment.—See OPERATING DIVISION. WASTE ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE, NOILS AND, Wool Division, War Industries Board.—See NOILS AND WASTE ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE. 620 WASTE MATERIALS BRANCH, Salvage Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traf- fic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established on October 28, 1918. In May 1919 it was functioning through four Sections, as follows: Rags, Rubber, Paper, Stock, Equipment, etc.j Bags, Burlap, and Trafficj Metals; and Garbage and Fertilizer. Still in existence on June 30, 1920, Functions: To direct the collection, classifica- tion, storing, packing, and disposal of unserviceable materials beyond repair, such as cotton clippings in the hands of Government contractors, cartridge shells, and unavoidable waste products and junk possessing only a salvage value. Records: Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. WASTE PAPER SECTION, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. WASTE-RECLAMATION SECTION, WAR PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL, Labor Divi- sion, War Industries Board.—See WAR PRISON LABOR AND NATIONAL WASTE- RECLAMATION SECTION. WASTE RECLAMATION SERVICE, Commerce Department,—Began to function as a section in the Secretary's Office on January 1, 1919, under an authorization of the President (probably Issued on December 3, 1918) by which $25,000 was allotted to the Secretary of Commerce from the "National Security and Defense Fund." Took over some of the func- tions of the War Prison Labor and National Waste-Reclamation Section, Labor Division, War Industries Board. Ceased to function on June 30, 1919. Functions; To Investigate and publicize means of re- claiming waste materials. Records; 1917-19 (7 feet) in NA, General and administrative correspondence and other records. Included are questionnaires and reports on the use of prison labor in industry and agriculture taken over from the War Prison Labor and National Waste-Reclamation Section. WATER RESOURCES BRANCH, Geological Survey, Interior Department,—In existence prior to the war. Functioned during the war through the following Divisions: Surface Waters, Ground Waters, Quality of Water, Water Utilization, Enlarged and Stock-Grazing Homesteads, and Power Resources. Functions: During the war, to conduct extensive investi- gations of surface and ground waters, both independently of and in cooperation, with State and Federal organizations, with a view to in- creasing the productivity of agricultural lands in need of irriga- tion; to classify the public lands with reference to future use of water; to furnish data concerning military camp water supplies; to make tests of water and estimates of quantity available at the pro- posed sites of war industries plants; and to make a survey of water conditions along the Mexican border west of Nogales, Ariz., and along the Atlantic coastal region. Records; In the Water Resources Branch. Include primary data, most of which are available in the series of water supply papers published by the Survey. WATER SUPPLY AND HYDRAULICS SECTION, Civil and Mechanical Division, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION, WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT, Procurement Section, Materials Branch, Con- struction Division, War Department.—See PROCUREMENT SECTION. 621 WATER SUPPLY SECTION, Engineering Branch, Construction Division, War Department,—Originally in the Engineering Branch, Cantonment Divi- sion, Quartermaster General’s Office, Transferred with the Branch to the Construction Division upon the creation of that Division on March 13, 1918. Functions: To prepare plans for water-supply sys- tems at cantonments and camps. Records: In the Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department. WATER SUPPLY SECTION, Military Branch, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—Established as a temporary unit prior to the end of 1917. Functions: To study water-supply problems for the Corps of Engineers, anci~to train and provide personnel for water-supply work for the American Expeditionary Forces. Records; Probably among those of the Office in NA. WATER TRANSPORT SECTION, Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See WATER TRANS- PORTATION DIVISION, Transportation Service Chief's Office. WATER TRANSPORTATION BRANCH, Transportation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See WATER TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Transportation Service Chief's Office. WATER TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, INLAND, Council of National Defense See INLAND WATER TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE, WATER TRANSPORTATION DIVISION, Transportation Service Chief's Office, War Department.—Established prior to the war as the Water Trans- portation Branch, Transportation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, On April 16, 1918, its name was changed to Water Transport Branch. This Branch became a Section in the Embarkation Service, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, on May 25, 1918, It later became the Water Transportation Division of the Trans- portation Service Chief's Office upon the creation of that Office on March 11, 1919. As such it operated through three Branches, as fol- lows: Cargo Traffic; Construction, Maintenance, and Repair; and Vessel Operation. Functions; To supervise and coordinate the ship- ment of troops and supplies overseas. Records; In the Quartermaster General's Office, Services of Supply, War Department. WATERWAYS DIVISION, INLAND, Railroad Administration.—See INLAND WATER- WAYS DIVISION. WAX LABORATORY, OIL, FAT, AND, Chemistry Bureau, Agriculture Depart- ment.—See OIL, FAT, AND WAX LABORATORY. WAX MODELING DEPARTMENT, Army Medical Museum, Museum and Library Divi- sion, Surgeon General's Office, War Department.—See ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. WEATHER BUREAU, Agriculture Department.—Established on July 1, 1891, in accordance with an act of October 1, 1890. Continued functions previously performed by the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, War Department, and other agencies. During the war period, it operated through several Divisions, including the following: Aerological, Agricultural Meteorological, Climatological, Forecast, and Instrument, The Chief, Charles F. Marvin, served as a member of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, The Bureau was transferred to the Department of Commerce on June 30, 1941. Functions: During the war, the Bureau performed a number of war-related 622 functions. For example, it aided the Chief Signal Officer in the formation of a meteorological unit to serve in Europe, which supplied the military services with meteorological information needed for ef- fective work with infantry, artillery, aviation, and poison gas; it made available its telegraph and cable lines for naval and military business and reported on vessels entering and leaving American ports; and it assisted in the organization of gas and flame regiments. Rec- ords: 1734-19A0 (9,000 feet) in NA. Include general files of the Bureau, indexed and filed numerically by divisions to 1912, and there- after filed according to a subject decimal system, as well as reports on meteorological observations accumulated by the Bureau and its pred- ecessors. References: Weather Bureau, Reports. 1918-19; Gustavus • A. Weber, The Weather Bureau (New York, 1922). WEIGHTS AND MEASURES DIVISION, Standards Bureau, Commerce Department.— In existence prior to the war. A Gauge Section created in this Divi- sion in 1917 performed war-related functions. Functions: To con- duct research and provide standards on weights and measures. Rec- ords; In the National Bureau of Standards. WELDING RESEARCH COMMITTEE, ELECTRIC, Electrical Engineering Section, Engineering Division, National Research Council.—See ELECTRIC WEIDING RESEARCH COMMITTEE. WELFARE COMMITTEE, COMFORT AND, War Industries Board.—See COMFORT AND WELFARE COMMITTEE. WELFARE WORK SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Organized in April 1917. Activities carried on through various Sections, as follows: Housing, Industrial Safety, Industrial Training for the War Emergency, Recreation, and Sanitation. Most of its functions were assumed by the various services of the War Labor Administration in the Labor Department upon their organization about the middle of 1918. Functions; To maintain and improve work- ing conditions among employees in war industries. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, including correspondence and minutes, and files of the Industrial Training for the War Emergency Section. WELFARE WORKERS SUBSECTION, Passport Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.—See PASSPORT SECTION. WEST INDIES TRADE BRANCH, SOUTH AMERICAN AND, Trades and Allocations Division, Shipping Control Committee, Shipping Board.—See TRADES AND ALLOCATIONS DIVISION. WEST INDIES TRANSPORTATION, JOINT COMMITTEE ON.—See JOINT COMMITTEE ON WEST INDIES TRANSPORTATION WHEAT DEPARTMENT, Grain Corporation.—Established in September 1917 and until June 1919 known as the Export Department. In March 1919 the work of handling negotiations and accounts for the loading of steamers with commodities sold for export was transferred to the Marine Transportation Department, Terminated in 1920, Functions: To handle transactions in wheat sold first for export and later for domestic use. Records; 1917-20 (129 feet) in NA. Include purchase, sales, shipping, and claims records, consisting chiefly of correspond- ence, contracts, vouchers, invoices, bills of lading, journals, and ledgers. 623 WHEAT DIRECTOR’S OFFICE.—The Office of United States Wheat Director was created by Executive Order No. 3087 of May 14, 1919. Included Enforcement, Inland Traffic, and Licenses Divisions. Terminated by Executive Order No. 3320 of August 21, 1920. Functions? To administer the price guarantees on the 1919 wheat crop authorized by an act of March A, 1919, and to supervise the Grain Corporation. Records: 1919-20 (270 feet) in NA. Consist chiefly of correspond- ence, applications, and other papers pertaining to licenses to ex- port and import wheat and flour. References: Frank M. Surface, The Grain Trade During the World War. 156, 163, 386 (New York, 1928). WHEAT EXECUTIVE, INTERALLIED.—See INTERALLIED WHEAT EXECUTIVE. WHEAT FAIR PRICE COMMITTEE.—See FAIR PRICE COMMITTEE FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF WHEAT. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL ADVISERS, Administrative Division, Fuel Administra- tion. —Appointed in April and May 1918; continued until February 1919. Functions: To advise the Fuel Administrator with regard to wholesale and retail matters. Records: 1918-19 (1 foot) in NA. Correspondence, memoranda, and orders. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DIVISION, Food Administration.—Organized in April 1918, taking over functions from the Distribution Division, Terminated in March 1919. Functions: To handle distribution ques- tions as they were related to grocers. Records: 1918-19 (124 feet) in NA. Correspondence, newspaper clippings, reports, pledge cards, and intradivisional memoranda. References: Food Administration, Enllstinr the Food Merchants} a Campaign To Win the Voluntary Sup- port of Retailers and Wholesalers (Washington, 1918), WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCERS DIVISION, Food Administration.—See DISTRIBUTION DIVISION. WIRE AND CABLE BRANCH, Production Section, Procurement Division, Chief Signal Officer's Of*fice, War Department.—See PRODUCTION SECTION. WIRE AND CABLE COMMITTEE, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—See ELECTRIC WIRE AND CABLE SECTION, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board, WIRE AND CABLE SECTION, ELECTRIC, Finished Products Division, War Industries Board.—See ELECTRIC WIRE AND CABLE SECTION, WIRE CONTROL BOARD, Telegraph and Telephone Administration, Post Of- fice Department.—Organized under Order No, 1744- of the Postmaster General of July 23, 1918. Consisted of the First Assistant Post- master General, the Solicitor for the Department, and a member of the Tariff Commission, Functioned through the Telegraphs and Tele- phones Operating Board and the Director of Marine Cables. Terminated in 1921, Functions: To assist the Postmaster General in the man- agement, operation, and control of the telegraph and telephone lines and (after Nov. 18, 1918) of the cable systems and to settle claims for compensation. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References; Post Office Department, Government Control and Operation of Tele- graph. Telephone, and Marine Cable Systems. August 1. 1918—July 31. 1919 (Washington, 1921). 62U WIRE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Com- mittee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Com- mission, Council of National Defense,—Organized in June 1917. Upon its dissolution the following November its functions were taken over by the War Industries Board, Functions; • To keep the superior Com- mittee informed of developments in the industry. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. WIRE ROPE SUBCOMMITTEE, Steel and Steel Products Cooperative Committee, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Organized on June 15, 1917. Upon its dissolution in the fall of 1917, its members became a subcommittee of the American Iron and Steel Institute, Functions: To handle wire rope production and the allocation of orders to manufacturers. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. WIRELESS AND CABLE SERVICE, FOREIGN PRESS-, Foreign Section, Committee on Public Information.--See FOREIGN PRESS-WIRELESS AND CABLE SERVICE. WIRELESS AND COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE, Naval C6nsulting Board, Navy Department.—Created on November 1915 • Consisted of three mem- bers; P. C. Hewitt, Chairman,--See NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD. WOMAN IN INDUSTRY SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment.—Authorized by an act of July 1, 1918, and organized shortly thereafter. Abolished as of July 1, 1920, ty an act that transferred its functions to the newly created Women’s Bureau. Mary Van Kleeck, Director. Functions; To develop standards and policies to insure the effective employment of women in industry, which would at the same time conserve their health and welfare. Records: 1918-20 (32 feet) in NA, Include correspondence and reports relating to the employment of women in various industries, A few records of the Service for 1919-20 (6 inches) have been retained ty the Women's Bureau. References: Mary Van Kleeck, "Federal Policies for Women in Industry," in American Academy of Political and Social Science, Annals. 81: 87-94- (Jan, 1919); Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 205-208 ([Urbana, 1920]).• WOMAN’S COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.—Appointed by the Council on April 21, 1917. On October 1, 1918, much of the work of the Committee was merged with that of the State Councils Section in the newly created Field Division, but the Committee continued in an advisory capacity. On February 17, 1919, the members submitted their resignations to the President, who accepted them on February 27. Sometimes referred to as the Women's Defense Work Committee, Anna Howard Shaw, Chairman, Functions: To coordinate and direct the patriotic work of women throughout the country. The Committee worked through State woman’s committees and through the following Departments: Child Welfare, Educational Propaganda, Food Adminis- tration, Food Production and Home Economics, Health and Recreation, Home and Foreign Relief, Liberty Loan, Maintenance of Existing Social Service Agencies, News, Registration, State Organizations, and Women in Industry. Records: 1917-19 (100 feet) in NA. In- clude correspondence, minutes, circulars, bulletins, reports, pub- lications, clippings, photographs, abstracts, and lists. Refer- ences: Council of National Defense, Woman's Committee, The Woman's Committee ... An Interpretative Report. April 21. 1917 to February 27. 1919. by Emily Newell Blair (Washington, 1920). 625 WOMAN'S LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE, NATIONAL, Treasury Department.—See NATIONAL WOMAN'S LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE. WOMEN, PERMANENT ADVISORY COUNCIL OF WORKING, Woman in Industry Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—See 7'ORKING WOMEN, PERMA- NENT ADVISORY COUNCIL OF, WOMEN AND GIRLS SECTION, WORK WITH, Law Enforcement Division, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department,-—See WORK WITH WOMEN AND GIRLS SECTION. WOMEN IN INDUSTRY, COUNCIL ON, Woman in Industry Service, War Labor Administration, Labor Department.—Created by the Secretary of Labor in the summer of 1918 as part of the Woman in Industry Service, and held weekly meetings. Consisted of women representing every division of the Labor Department and other Federal agencies dealing with prob- lems of women in industry. Probably abolished with the Service, Functions: To coordinate the efforts of the Federal agencies con- cerned with women's work and to discuss safeguards to be established in new occupations, the enforcement of State labor laws, the appli- cation of the principle of equal pay for equal work, and the recruit- ing and training of women workers. Worked in cooperation with the Committee on Hazardous Occupations. Records: Whereabouts unknown. Probably few were created. WOMEN IN INDUSTRY BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Production Divi- sion, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—Created in December 1917 as the Women's Branch and later renamed. Transferred with the Section to the Control Bureau, and later transferred to the Produc- tion Division. Operated through the following Unite: Employment Management, Supply and Distribution, Adjustment, Health, Housing, and Research. Functions: To advise ordnance establishments on questions regarding the employment of women, such as the substitu- tion of women for men, employment methods, hours of work, rest peri- ods, and shop uniforms; to supervise the conditions of work and em- ployment of women in ordnance establishments; and to make recom- mendations regarding exemptions from State laws affecting women workers. Records; Probably with those of the Office in NA. WOMEN IN INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT, Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense,—Organized in the late spring of 1917 and terminated on October 1, 1918, when the Field Division was created. Agnes Nestor, Chairman, Functions: To promote the maintenance of proper standards and conditions for employed women. Cooperated with the Woman in Industry Service of the Labor Department. Records: Among those of the Council in NA. WOMEN IN INDUSTRY SUBCOMMITTEE, Labor Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Organized in April 1917. Composed of representatives of labor, employers, and the general public. With the inauguration of the Woman in Industry Service of the War Labor Administration, Labor Department, in July 1918f its activities prac- tically ceased. Mrs, I. Borden Harriman, Chairman. Functions: To advise on the employment of women so as to secure the maximum ef- fectiveness of the woman power of the country. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, including general correspondence, minutes, and correspondence with and reports from State committees on women in industry. 626 WOMEN PHYSICIANS COMMITTEE, General Medical Board, Medicine and Sani- tation Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.- Formed on July 29, 1917j ceased to function after the armistice. Functions: To organize women physicians in order to minimize the shortage of men physicians resulting from the demands for them by the Army and Navy. Records: Some are among those of the Council in NA, including records of censuses of women physicians and records of offers of medical services by women. WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES DIVISION, High Cost of Living Division, Justice De- partment,—Organized in November 1919. Edith C. Strauss, National Director. Operated largely through a voluntary field organization. Terminated in November 1920, Functions: To obtain, by means of an educational campaign, a reduction in the cost of living through cur- tailment of purchases and elimination of waste. Records: 1919-20 (5 feet) in NA, Correspondence with field employees and with State fair price commissioners. WOMEN'S BRANCH, Industrial Service Section, Control Bureau, Ordnance Chief's Office, War Department,—See WOMEN IN INDUSTRY BRANCH. WOMEN'S DEFENSE WORK COMMITTEE, Council of National Defense.—See WOMAN'S COMMITTEE, WOMEN'S DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department,—Created on January 3, 1918, by a memorandum of the Secretary of Labor. Dimin- ishing appropriations after the war caused the Employment Service to terminate the Division's activities after October 10, 1919. The work of many of its units, however, was continued until June 30, 1920, through the financial assistance of several women's organi- zations. Functions; To recruit female labor, chiefly for industrial and domestic work but also for high grade clerical and secretarial positions, and to maintain insofar as possible normal conditions with respect to women's work. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References; Gordon S, Watkins, Labor Problems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 198-199 (fUrbana. 1920])« WOMEN'S JOURNALS AND WOMEN'S PAGES SECTION, Educational Division, Food Administration.—See MAGAZINE AND FEATURE SECTION. WOMEN'S LAND ARMY DIVISION, Employment Service, Labor Department.— Created as the Women's Land Army, a nongovernmental agency, in the spring of 1917, Incorporated under tha. laws of New York in May 1918. Affiliated with the Labor Department in December 1918, where it be- came the Women's Land Army Division of the Employment Service, with Dorothy H. Hubert as National Director, Probably terminated in 1919. Functions: To recruit women to relieve the shortage of farm labor. Records: Whereabouts unknown. WOMEN'S SERVICE SECTION, Labor Division, Railroad Administration.— Created on August 28, 1918j abolished with the Division on March 1, 1920. Functions; To consider the conditions of employment of women on railroads under Federal control. Records: 1918—20 (10 feet) in NA. Include a general subject file of questionnaires and correspondence relating to the employment of women on railroads. WOMEN'S WAR WORK DIVISION, Committee on Public Ihformation.—Organized in November 1917. Cooperated with the Women's Division of the Coun- cil of National Defense. Discontinued in July 1918, Clara Sears Taylor, Director. Functions: To encourage the participation of 627 women in war activities by issuing news material on war work done by women. Records: 1917-18 (2 feet) in NA. Consist of record cards, most of which list titles or subjects of the Division’s news releases. "Miscellaneous reports on employment of women in various positions," disposed of in 1930 as useless papers, possibly included other rec- ords of the Division that were reported to have been in the custody of the Council of National Defense in 1920. WOMEN’S WORK SECTION, Social Hygiene Division, Training Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—Organized in 1917. Functions: To en- list the special interest of women, by lectures, literature, and ex- hibits, in the fight against venereal disease. Records: In the Gen- eral Staff, War Department. WOOD CHEMICALS SECTION, Chemicals Division, War Industries Board.— Formed on December 24, 1917j discontinued on February 28, 1919. May also have been known as the Wood Distillation Products Section. Functions; To administer an order of December 24, 1917, commandeer- ing wood chemicals, including acetate of lime, acetone, and crude and refined wood alcohol. Records: In NA, chiefly among those of the War Department Claims Board, WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION, VEHICLE, IMPLEMENT, AND, Finished Products Divi- sion, War Industries Board,—See VEHICLE, IMPLEMENT, AND WOOD PROD- UCTS SECTION. WOOD SHIP CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—See WOOD SHIP SECTION, Ship Con- struction Division. WOOD SHIP SECTION, Ship Construction Division, Construction Organiza- tion, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation.—Originated in the Wood Ship Construction Division established on December 5, 1917, which was succeeded by the Wood Ship Section on February 16, 1919. The Sec- tion was abolished on March 16, 1920, and its duties were transferred to the Manager of the Ship Construction Division. Active supervision was thereafter to be exercised by an Assistant in Charge of Wood Ship Construction. Functions: To supervise the construction of wooden and composite vessels and the inspection and installation of machinery end equipmentj and, after 1920, to investigate and settle claims aris- ing under the wood shipbuilding program. Records: 1917-22 (54 feet) in NA. Include correspondence, notes, reports, memoranda, drawings, and some blueprints relating to the construction of wood and composite vessels and claims for changes and extras. Some correspondence re- lating to the activities of the Section after February 1919 will be found in the general files of the Construction Organization and in the records of the Cost Review Section. WOODWORKING SECTION, LOGGING, SAWMILL, AND, Civil and Mechanical Divi- sion, Engineering and Purchasing Department, General Engineer Depot, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department.—See CIVIL AND MECHANICAL DIVISION. WOOL ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Woolens Section, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,—Formed on September 27, 1918. Consisted of representatives of the War Trade Board, the Shipping Board, and the Textile and Rubber Division, and three members of the War Serv- ice Committee of the wool manufacturing industry. Discontinued on December 31, 1918. Functions: To study and review all angles of the 628 wool and woolens situation in order to provide the War Industries Board with the necessary knowledge to justify prompt action in meet- ing conditions as they arose in the industry. Records: Among those of the War Industries Board in NA, WOOL COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Appointed by the Chairman of the superior Committee in the spring of 1917; dis- solved by the following August. Functions: To provide information concerning the wool situation. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA, WOOL DIVISION, War Industries Board.--See DOMESTIC WOOL SECTION WOOL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE.—See INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES WOOL SECTION, DOMESTIC, Markets Bureau, Agriculture Department.—See DOMESTIC WOOL SECTION, Markets Bureau. WOOL SECTION, DOMESTIC, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,—See DOMESTIC WOOL SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, WOOL SECTION, FOREIGN, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—See FOREIGN WOOL SECTION. WOOL TOPS AND YARN BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, -and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—See WOOL TOPS AND YARN BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quarter- master General's Office. WOOL TOPS AND YARN BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quarter- master General's Office, War Department.—Created on June LA, 1918, Transferred with the Division to the Office of the Director of Pur- chase on October 28, 1918, Functions: To administer the commandeer- ing and evaluation of the United States wool clip of 1918, and to purchase imported wool. Among its activities it purchased 547,000 bales of Australasian wool. Records: Probably among those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA. WOOLEN AND KNIT GOODS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Purchase Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See WOOLENS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster Gen- eral's Office. WOOLEN AND KNIT GOODS SECTION, Clothing and Equipage Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—See CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE BRANCH, Surplus Property Division. WOOLEN GOODS SECTION, Supplies Committee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—One of the four sections through which the Committee functioned after its reorganization in May 1917. Trans- ferred to the Quartermaster General's Office, War Department, in January 1918. Functions: To aid in getting reclaimed and reworked wool, commonly called shoddy, made into a new wool fiber, the use of which made a great saving to the Government. Records: Scattered 629 fragments are among the records of the Council and the War Industries Board in NA* Others are in the War Department, WOOLEN GOODS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board.—See WOOLENS SECTION. WOOLEN MANUFACTURERS' COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Supplies Committee, Advi- sory Commission, Council of National Defense,—Created on February 7, 1917, in anticipation of the war, by the American Association of Woolen and Worsted Manufacturers and the National Association of Wool Manufacturers (sometimes spoken of as the Joint Committee of Wool Manufacturers). Organization completed on March 28, 1917, and there- upon named by the Chairman of the Committee on Supplies as one of its cooperative supply committees. Disbanded on November 28, 1917. Func- tions : To cooperate with the War and Navy Departments in procuring at reasonable prices wool for military needs. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. WOOLEN SECTION, Salvage Branch, Conservation Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—See SALVAGE AND GARDENING BRANCH. WOOLENS BRANCH, Clothing and Equipage Division, Quartermaster General's Office, War Department.—Created on January 26, 1918, as the Woolens Branch of the Supplies and Equipment Division, Transferred to the Clothing and Equipage Division on May 18, United with the Knit Goods Branch on October 28 and transferred with the Division to the Office of the Director of Purchase and Storage as the Woolen and Knit Goods Branch, Functions: To recommend specifications for and to handle the procurement of woolens for clothing and equipment. Records: Probably with those of the Quartermaster General's Office in NA, WOOLENS SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,— Created on June 3> 1918. In July 1918, the work of the Foreign Wool Section was transferred to the Woolens Section while its Chief was abroad; in October, during the absence of the Chief of the Domestic Wool Section, that Section also was placed under the Woolens Section. Discontinued on December 21, 1918. Also called Woolen Goods Section. H, E, Peabody, Chief. Functions; To regulate the woolens trade by locating available stocks and assuring Government priority on stocks; after the armistice, to advise on contract cancelations. Records; 1918 (A3 feet) in NA, Include correspondence, questionnaires, tabu- lations, schedules, and the like, as well as a large quantity of card records of the purchase and sale of wool clips. Other records are in the "consolidated files’’ of the Board, including materials arranged to form a "documentary history" of the Section. WORK WITH THE FOREIGN BORN DIVISION, Committee on Public Information.— Originated in work done through patriotic organizations of the for- eign born, such as the Friends of German Democracy (organized in October 1917) and the American-Hungarian Loyalty League. The Divi- sion was formally established in May 1918, and thereafter operated through bureaus (such as the German Bureau) that maintained "direct and continuous contact with fourteen racial groups." Many of the Bureau offices were in New fork City. Division discontinued in May 1919, Josephine Roche, Director. Functions: To maintain contact with the foreign-language-speaking residents of the country, to foster their participation in the war effort, and to encourage sep- aratist movements in Germany and Austria-Hungary, Records: Reported in 1920 to have been turned over successively to the War Camp 630 Community Service and to the American National Red Cross. Those in NA (18 inches) include some financial correspondence and pamphlet proofs. Correspondence relating to an "Americanization Survey" is among the records of the Executive Division of the Committee. WORK WITH WOMEN AND GIRLS SECTION, Law Enforcement Division, Training • Camp Activities Commission, War Department.—Organized in 1917. Functions; To do preventive work in curbing prostitution among women and girl delinquents. Records: In the General Staff, War Department. WORKING CONDITIONS BOARD, RAILROAD WAGES AND, Railroad Administration.- See RAILROAD WAGES AND WORKING CONDITIONS BOARD. WORKING CONDITIONS BRANCH, EMPLOYMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND, Industrial Service Section, Ordnance Chief’s Office, War Department.—See EM- PLOYMENT AND TRAINING METHODS BRANCH. WORKING CONDITIONS SERVICE, War Labor Administration, Labor Depart- ment.—Recommended by the Advisory Council, authorized by an act of July 1, 1918, and organized in August. Included Divisions of In- dustrial Hygiene and Medicine, Labor Administration, and Safety En- gineering and a Research Branch. There was a field establishment with offices in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Cleve- land, and St, Louis. Discontinued after June 30, 1919. Grant Hamilton, Director General. Functions; To maintain war production through safe- guarding working conditions and thus decreasing labor turnover; to ex- amine working conditions in war industries; to determine standards with relation to working conditions and to bring about their adoption and maintenance; and to obtain the cooperation of State authorities in such matters. Records: Whereabouts unknown. References; Labor Department, Annual Reports. 1918-20; Gordon S. Watkins, Labor Prob- lems and Labor Administration in the United States During the World War. 218-219 (TUrbana. 1920l). WORKING WOMEN, PERMANENT ADVISORY COUNCIL OF, Woman in Industry Serv- ice, War Labor Administration, Labor Department,—Created as the re- sult of a conference held on October U and 5, 1918, of the Woman in Industry Service and representatives of woman members of trade unions. Functions; To present the views of working women on problems con- fronting the Woman in Industry Service, Records; Whereabouts un- known. WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, War Labor Policies Board, Labor De- partment.—Authorized by the War Labor Policies Board in August 1918, and probably terminated the same month. Functions; To consider and report on a legislative program for workmen’s compensation. Records; Among those of the Board in NA. Include minutes of a meeting of the Committee, 631 Y. M. C. A. SUBSECTION, Passport Section, Negative Branch, Military Intelligence Division, General Staff, War Department.-—See PASSPORT SECTION. YARD CONSTRUCTION SECTION, CONCRETE, Shipyard Plants Division, Con- struction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,— See CONCRETE YARD CONSTRUCTION SECTION. YARDS AND DOCKS BUREAU, Navy Department,—Established in 1842. It was completely reorganized in 1916 and again the following year. In October 1917 the Bureau consisted of three Divisions—Design; Con- struction; and Maintenance, Operating, and Clerical—and the follow- ing Sections, which operated under project managers attached to the Office of the Chief: Armor and Projectile Plant; Aviation and Sub- marine Bases; Dry Docks; Hospital; Magazines and General Ordnance Facilities; Marine Corps, Fuel Oil, and Radio; Naval Academy; Power Plants; Shipbuilding and Yard Development; and Training Camps. This remained the basic organization of the Bureau after the war. In general, the work of the Bureau was carried out by commissioned of- ficers of the Corps of Civil Engineers of the Navy. Functions: To have charge of the design and construction of yards and docks and other naval facilities, together with their accessories, and, with certain exceptions, of the maintenance of these works, including the supervision of systems of transportation and communication per- taining thereto. Records: 1917-25 (1,382 feet) in NA. General and special correspondence files, contracts, blueprints, drawings, plans, and photographs. The records of the various subdivisions of the Bureau are dispersed in the general files. References: Yards and Docks Bureau, Activities of the Bureau of Yards and Docks. Navy Department. World War. 1917-18 (Washington, 1921); John F. Crowell, Government War Contracts, ch, 15 (New York, 1920)• YARDS AND DOCKS SECTION, Construction Organization, Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation,—See SHIPYARD PLANTS DIVISION. YARDS, PLANTS, AND STATIONS DIVISION, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Depart- ment,—Apparently in existence during the war, but little informa- tion concerning it is available, ; To exercise supervision over ordnance manufacturing plants, factories, proving grounds, navy yards, ammunition and mine depots, and the like. Records; Among the general files of the Bureau in NA, YARN SECTION, Textile and Rubber Division, War Industries Board,— Formed in August 1918; discontinued after the armistice. Functions: To supervise the yarn industry. Records: Among those of the Board in NA. YELLOW PINE AND OTHERS SECTION, Lumber Branch, Surplus Property Divi- sion, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department,—-See LUMBER BRANCH. 632 z ZING COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE, Raw Materials, Minerals, and Metals Com- mittee, Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense.—Appointed on April 21, 1917. After November 12, 1917, its work was continued by a war service committee. Functions: To secure for Government agencies sufficient zinc at a reasonable price by allotting contracts to manufacturers. Records: Some may be among those of the Council and of the War Industries Board in NA. ZONE DEPOTS AND CAMP DEPOTS SECTION, Medical Subdivision, Domestic Distribution Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase and Stor- age Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, Gen- eral Staff, War Department.—See MEDICAL SUBDIVISION, ZONE SALES SECTION, Sales Supervision Branch, Surplus Property Division, Storage Director's Office, Purchase”and Storage Director's Office, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Depart- ment,—Established in January 1919 and discontinued about June 9 of that year. Functions: To assist zone advisory boards, to act as a liaison agent between trades and the Division, and through its rep- resentatives to maintain contact with chambers of commerce, trade organizations, and similar bodies. Records; Some are among those of the Quartermaster General’s Office in NA. ZONE SERVICE SECTION, Sales Supervision Branch, Surplus Property Divi- sion, Storage Director’s Office, Purchase and Storage Director's Of- fice, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, General Staff, War Department.—Established in January 1919 and was discontinued about June 9 of that year. Functions: To serve as liaison agent between the Division and camps, cantonments, and surplus property officers; to advise on personnel; to inspect merchandise; and to see that orders were properly executed. Records: Some are among those of the Quarter- master General's Office in NA. ZOOLOGICAL DIVISION, Animal Industry Bureau, Agriculture Department.— On August 1, 1886, a Zoological Laboratory was established which be- came the Zoological Division in 1901. Functions; During the war, to supply information to the War Department concerning parasites; to examine and identify specimens; and to supply material to be used for instruction in the Array Medical College. Records; 1917-18 (2 feet) among the general files of the Bureau in NA. ZOOLOGY COMMITTEE, Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisher- ies Division, National Research Council.—Appointed in 1917, Edwin G. Conklin, the first Chairman, was succeeded by C. E. McClung in 1918, Became a part of the Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Division when that Division was organized in 1918. Functions: Functioned mainly as an advisory body by encouraging zoologists to engage in war-related activities and by calling at- tention to war services zoologists could render. Records: In the National Research Council, References: Zoology Committee, "Some Suggestions for National Service on the Part of Zoologists and Zoological Laboratories," in Science, n. s., 45: 627-630 (June 22, 1917). 633 ZOOLOGY COMMITTEES, MEDICAL, Medicine and Related Sciences Division, National Research Council.—See MEDICAL ZOOLOGY COMMITTEES. , ZOOLOGY DIVISION, Hygienic Laboratory, Scientific Research Division, Public Health Service, Treasury Department.—See SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DIVISION. 63U APPEND I X HIERARCHICAL LIST OF AGENCIES DESCRIBED IN THE HANDBOOK In the following list, administrative units for which there are articles in the Handbook are presented in a superior-subordinate ar- rangement which should facilitate the hierarchical approach in consul- tation of the articles or assist the user of the Handbook in under- standing the hierarchical relationships of a given unit. Each title in the list, with the exception of several in brackets [ ], is represented by a separate article in its alphabetical place in the volume. Titles of units represented in the volume only by cross references are omitted from the list. The user of the list should note that it does not show the subordinate units of an agency as they existed at any given moment, nor does it show all the units that may have operated under an agency during the war period. Units perform- ing functions not related to the war, purely housekeeping units, and field offices, for example, are not described in the Handbook and consequently are not reflected in the list. AERONAUTICAL COMMISSION AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT Agricultural Commission to Europe Animal Industry Bureau Animal Husbandry Division Biochemic Division Dairy Division Field Inspection Division Hog Cholera Control Office Meat Inspection Division Pathological Division Quarantine Division Tick Eradication Division Tuberculosis Eradication Division Virus-Serum Control Office Zoological Division Biological Survey Bureau Chemistry Bureau Animal Physiological Chemis- try Laboratory Carbohydrate Laboratory Cattle Food and Grain Inves- tigation Laboratory Color Laboratory Dehydration Division Food Control Laboratory Fruit and Vegetable Utili- zation Laboratory AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT-con. Chemistry Bureau-con. Grain Dust Explosions Investi- gations Insecticide and Fungicide Labo- ratory Leather and Paper Laboratory Microbiological Laboratory Microchemical Laboratory Oil, Fat, and Wax Laboratory Pharmacognosy Laboratory Pharmacological Laboratory Phytochemical Laboratory Crop Estimates Bureau Crop Records Division Crop Reports Division Truck Crops Division Entomology Bureau Farm Equipment Control Office Farm Labor [Project], Assistance in Supplying Farm Management Office History and Distribution of Farm Enterprises Federal Horticultural Board Fertilizer Control Office Food Production Program Committee Food Supply Committee Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory Highways Council Insecticide and Fungicide Board 637 AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT-con. Markets Bureau City Market Reporting Service Cold Storage Section Cotton Testing Project Dairy and Poultry Prod- ucts Market News Service Domestic Wool Section Emergency Traffic and Storage Assistance Food Products Inspec- tion Service Food Surveys of the United States Foreign Marketing Investi- gations Fruits and Vegetables Mar- ket News Service Grain, Hay, and Feeds Mar- ket News Service Livestock and Meats Market News Service Motor Transportation of Farm Products Project Motor Truck Service Section Nitrate Section Seed Reporting Service Stockyards Regulation [Project] Transportation Section Plant Industry Bureau Public Roads Bureau Publications Division Seed Stocks Committee Soils Bureau States Relations Service Experiment Stations Office Insular Stations Division Extension Work Office in the North and West Extension Work Office in the South Home Economics Office Weather Bureau Aerological Division Agricultural Meteorological Division Climatological Division Forecast Division Instrument Division AIRCRAFT BOARD ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN Corporation Management Dtvision Investigation Bureau Law Bureau Sales Bureau Appraisal Department Merchandise Department Selling Division Supervision and Liquidation Division Trusts Bureau Corporation and Individual Property Division Court and Private Trusts Divi- sion Depository and Inventory Depart- ment Insular Possessions Division Insurance Division License Department Neutral Countries Division Patents Division Real Estate and Mortgage Depart- ment Stock and Bond Department ALLIED BLOCKADE COMMITTEE ALUED MARITIME TRANSPORT COUNCIL Allied Maritime Transport Executive American Section Statistical Division ALLIED NAVAL COUNCIL ALLIED PURCHASING COMMISSION ALLIED RAILWAY MISSION AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL AMERICAN REFINERS' COMMITTEE AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION Coal Mission AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION EURO- PEAN CHILDREN'S FUND AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION WARE- HOUSES 638 ARMY AND NAVY PATENT BOARD ARSENAL AND NAVY YARD WAGE COM- MISSION BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION CABINET CAPITAL ISSUES COMMITTEE CENSORSHIP BOARD CENTRAL BUREAU OF PLANNING AND STATISTICS CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION COFFEE COMMITTEE ON FREIGHTS AND LICENSES COMMERCE DEPARTMENT Census Bureau Agriculture Division Cotton and Tobacco Division Manufactures Division Population Division Statistics of Cities Division Vital Statistics Division Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Division Geodesy Division Hydrography and Topography Division Instrument Section Terrestrial Magnetism Divi- sion Fisheries Bureau Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau Commercial Agents Division Commercial Attaches Division District Offices Division Export Licenses Division Far Eastern Division Foreign Tariff Division Latin American Division Research Division Statistics Division Trade Information Division Industrial Board Industrial Cooperation Service Lighthouses Bureau Navigation Bureau COMMERCE DEPARTMENT-con. Standards Bureau Ceramics Division Chemistry Division Electricity Division Engineering Research Division Heat and Thermometry Division Metallurgy Division Optics Division Structural, Engineering, and Miscellaneous Materials Division Weights and Measures Division Gauge Section Steamboat Inspection Service Waste Reclamation Service COMMISSION FOR RELIEF IN BELGIUM COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION Advertising Division Cartoons Bureau Civic and Educational Cooperation Division Films Division War Expositions Bureau War Photographs Bureau Foreign Language Newspaper Division Foreign Picture Service Division Foreign Section Films Division Foreign Press Bureau-Mail Service Foreign Press-Wireless and Cable Service Four Minute Men Division Industrial Relations Division Labor Publications Division News Division Official Bulletin Division Pictorial Publicity Division Pictures Division Production and Distribution Divi- sion Publications Division Reference Division Service Bureau Speaking Division State Fair Exhibits Bureau Syndicate Features Division Women's War Work Division Work With the Foreign Born Division CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL LABOR ADJUSTMENT AGENCIES CONFERENCE OF FEDERAL AGENCIES SERV- ING COMMUNITIES COTTON LINTERS POOL 639 COUNCIL OF AMBASSADORS COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Advisory Commission Engineering and Education Committee Labor Committee Cost of Living and Domes- tic Economy Subcommittee Mediation and Conciliation Subcommittee Press Subcommittee Publicity Subcommittee Wages and Hours Subcommittee Welfare Work Subcommittee Housing Section Industrial Safety Section Industrial Training Sec- tion Recreation Section Sanitation Section Wbmen in Industry Subcommit- tee Medicine and Sanitation Commit- tee General Medical Board Child Welfare Committee Civilian Cooperation in Combating Venereal Diseases, Committee for Editorial Committee Hospitals Committee Hygiene and Sanitation Committee Alcohol Subcommittee Drug Addictions Sub- committee Public Health Nursing Subcommittee Statistics Subcommittee Tuberculosis Subcommittee Industrial Medicine and Surgery Committee Railway Surgeons Sub- committee Legislation Committee Salvarsan Subcommittee Medical Advisory Boards Committee Nursing Committee Surgery Committee Classification of Sur- geons Subcommittee Head Surgery Section Ophthalmology Subcom- mittee Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology Subcom- mittee COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE-con. Advisory Comraission-con. Medicine and Sanitation Commit- tee-con, General Medical Board-con. Volunteer Medical Service Corps Central Govern- ing Board Women Physicians Committee Standardization of Medical and Surgical Supplies and Equip ment Committee Munitions, Manufacturing, and In- dus tidal Relations Committee Raw Materials, Minerals, and Met- als Committee Alcohol Cooperative Committee Aluminum Cooperative Committee Asbestos, Magnesia, and Roofing Cooperative Committee Brass Cooperative Committee Cement Cooperative Committee Chemicals Cooperative Committee Acids Subcommittee Alkali Subcommittee Coal Tar By-Products Subcom- mittee Electrochemicals Subcommittee Fertilizers Subcommittee Miscellaneous Chemicals Sub- committee Pyrites Subcommittee Sulphur Subcommittee Copper Cooperative Committee Lead Cooperative Committee Lumber Cooperative Committee Mica Cooperative Committee Nickel Cooperative Committee Rubber Cooperative Committee Steel and Steel Products Co- operative Committee Alloys Subcommittee Cold Rolled and Cold Drawn Steel Subcommittee Pig Iron, Iron Ore, and Lake Transportation Subcommit- tee Pig Tin Subcommittee Scrap Iron Subcommittee Sheet Steel Subcommittee Steel Distribution Subcommit- tee Tin Plate Subcommittee Tubular Products Subcommit- tee Wire Products Subcommittee Wire Rope Subcommittee Waol Cooperative Committee Zinc Cooperative Committee 6U0 COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE-con. Advisory Commission-con. Supplies Committee Canned Goods Cooperative Committee Cotton Goods Cooperative Committee Knit Goods Cooperative Committee Leather Equipment Co- operative Committee Mattresses and Pillows Co- operative Committee Shoe and Leather Industries Cooperative Committee Woolen Goods Section Woolen Manufacturers' Co- operative Committee Transportation and Communi- cation Committee Cars Cooperative Committee Electric Railroad Transpor- tation Cooperative Com- mittee Locomotives Cooperative Com- mittee Railroad Transportation Co- operative Committee Telegraph and Telephone Co- operative Committee Aircraft Production Board Coal Production Committee Commercial Economy Board Employment for Soldiers and Sailors, Emergency Commit- tee on Field Division Americanization Section Child Conservation Section News Section Speakers' Section [State] Organization and Information Section General Munitions Board Armored Cars and Motor Trucks Committee* Army and Navy Artillery Subcommittee Army and Navy Projectiles Subcommittee Army Vehicles Subcommittee Dies and Gauges Committee Machine Guns Committee Optical Glass Committee Small Arms and Ammunition Committee Sulphuric Acid Committee COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE-con. Highways Transport Committee Housing Committee Industrial Service Section Inland Water Transportation Com- mittee Interdepartmental Advisory Commit- tee Interdepartmental Defense Board Medical Section Munitions Standards Board Petroleum Committee Reconstruction Research Division Shipping Committee State Councils Section Statistics Division Industrial Inventory Section Purchase of Public Animals and Remount Service Advisory Committee Woman's Committee Child Welfare Department Educational Propaganda Depart- ‘ ment Food Administration Department Food Production and Home Eco- nomics Department Health and Recreation Department Home and Foreign Relief Depart- ment Maintenance of Existing Social Service Agencies Department News Department Registration Department State Organization Department Women in Industry Department CUBAN ALLOTMENT COMMITTEE ECONOMIC LIAISON COMMITTEE EFFICIENCY BUREAU EIGHT-HOUR COMMISSION EMERGENCY CONSTRUCTION WAGE COMMIS- SION Statistical Bureau EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION COMMISSION EXPORTS ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD EXPORTS CONTROL COMMITTEE EXPORTS COUNCIL 6Ul FAIR PRICE COMMITTEE FOR GOVERN- MENT PURCHASE OF WHEAT FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Industrial Rehabilitation Di- vision Research Division Vocational Education Division Employment Management Sec- tion Vocational Rehabilitation Di- vision Eligibility Section FEDERAL ELECTRIC RAILWAYS COM- MISSION FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD Foreign Exchange Division Gold Exports Committee FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Economic Division Enemy Trade Division Export Trade Division Legal Division FINE ARTS COMMISSION FIR PRODUCTION BOARD POOD ADMINISTRATION Alimentation Division Baking Division Canadian Relations Division Canned Foods Division Bean Section Canned Milk Section Fish Section Cereal Division Coarse Grains Section Milling Section Rice Section Collateral Commodities Di- vision Coordination of Purchase Di- vision Allied Governments and Mis- cellaneous Purchasers Section Army, Navy, and Marine Corps Section Butter and Cheese Section Canned Goods Section Canned Milk Section Pacific Coast Branch Section Sugar, Flour, Cereals, Dried Fruit, and Beans Section FOOD ADMINISTRATION-con. Cottonseed Division Dairy Products Division Distribution Division Educational Division Advertising Section Farm Journal Section Illustrations and Plates Sec- tion Library and Exhibits Section Magazine and Feature Section Negro Press Section Religious Journals Section Retail Stores Section States Section Trade and Technical Journals Section Vernacular Press Section Enforcement Division Canners' Section Cereal Enforcement Section Complaint Section Field Supervision Section Price Supervision Section Exports, Imports, and Embargoes Division Fats and Oils Division Federal Milk Commissions Garbage Utilization Division Home Conservation Division Pledge Card Campaign Office Speakers' Bureau Hotels and Restaurants Division Labor and Consumers' Interests Division Legal Division License Division Marine Transportation Division Meat Division Mexican Relations Division Milling Division Auditing Department Export Department Mechanical Department Statistical Department Miscellaneous Commodities Division Perishable Foods Division Agricultural Relations Section Butter and Cheese Section Cold Storage Section Fisheries Section Fruits and Vegetables Section Milk Section Potato and Dehydration Section Poultry and Eggs Section Pinto Bean Division for Growing Districts (Colorado) Rice Committees Salmon Committee 6U2 FOOD ADMINISTRATION-con. Schools and Colleges Division Staple Groceries Division Coffee Section Commercial Conservation and Specialty Manufacturers1 Section Sugar and Flour Section States Administration Divi- sion Cooperating Organizations Section Statistical Division Sugar Distributing Committee Sugar Division Transportation Division Wholesale and Retail Division Brokers’ Section Publicity Section Retail Fish Section FOOD PURCHASE BOARD FUEL ADMINISTRATION Administrative Division Conservation Bureau Education Bureau Investigation Bureau Labor Bureau Legal Department Mine Track Committee Prices Bureau Production Bureau State Organizations Bureau Traffic and Transporta- tion Bureau Wholesale and Retail Ad- visers Distribution Division Anthracite Coal Bureau Bituminous Coal and Coke Bureau Coal Zone Permit Bureau Gas Plants Bureau State Distribution Bureau Statistics Bureau Engineers Committee Oil Division Counsel’s Office Domestic Consumption Bureau Engineering Bureau Lubricants and Foreign Requirements Bureau Natural Gas Bureau Oil Conservation Bureau Oil Well Supplies Bureau Pipe Lines Bureau Prices and Licenses Bureau FUEL ADMINISTRATION-con. Oil Division-con. Production Bureau Refining Bureau Statistics Bureau Technology Bureau Traffic and Transportation Bureau GRAIN CORPORATION Bean Division Belgian Department Cereal Products Department Coarse Grain Department Crop Experts Office European Department Expeditionary Flour Department Flour Department Grain Reports Department Grain Threshing Division License Division Marine Transportation Department Mill Schedule Department Miscellaneous Commodities Depart' ment Statistical Department Transportation Department Wheat Department HOUSING CORPORATION Adjustment Committee Architectural Division Construction Division Contract Branch Cost Engineering Branch Materials Procurement Branch Powder Plants Project Branch Repair Branch Sales Branch Design Committee Engineering Division Fiscal Division Government Hotels Homes Registration and Informa- tion Division Industrial Relations Division Legal Division Operating Division Preliminary Investigation Divi- sion Real Estate Division Requirements Division Materials Information Branch Private Enterprise Branch Requisitioned Houses in the Dis- trict of Columbia Committee 6I|3 HOUSING CORPORATE©N-con. Sites Committee Statistical Division Survey and Statistics Division Town Planning Division Transportation Division Treasury Division INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS, JOINT BOARD ON INQUIRY, THE INTERALLIED AVIATION COMMITTEE INTERALLIED COAL AND COKE PRO- GRAMME COMMITTEE INTERALLIED COMMITTEE FOR THE REEDUCATION OF WAR CRIPPLES INTERALLIED CONFERENCE INTERALLIED CONFERENCE OF PRIME MINISTERS INTERALLIED COUNCIL OF WAR PUR- CHASES AND FINANCE INTERALLIED DANUBE RIVER COMMIS- SION INTERALLIED FOOD COUNCIL Interallied Pood Council Com- mittee of Representatives INTERALLIED MEATS AND FATS EXECUTIVE INTERALLIED MILITARY TRANSPOR- TATION BOARD INTERALLIED MUNITIONS COUNCIL INTERALLIED PETROLEUM CONFER- ENCE Interallied Commission on Standardization of Pe- tra leum Specifications INTERALLIED PROGRAMME COMMITTEES INTERALLIED PURCHASING COMMIS- SION INTERALLIED RAILWAY COMMITTEE INTERALLIED SANITARY COMMISSION INTERALLIED SCIENTIFIC FOOD COM- MISSION INTERALLIED TECHNICAL BOARD INTERALLIED TIN EXECUTIVE INTERALLIED WHEAT EXECUTIVE INTERDEPARTMENTAL AMMONIA CONTROL COMMITTEE INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATIONS INTERDEPARTMENTAL COST CONFERENCE INTERDEPARTMENTAL SOCIAL HYGIENE BOARD INTERIOR DEPARTMENT Education Bureau Americanization Division Educational Extension Division Immigrant Education Division Racial Groups Division School Board Service Division School Garden Army War Work Extension Division General Land Office Geologi cal Survey- Geologic Branch Alaskan Mineral Resources Division Chemical and Physical Re- search Division Geology Division Mineral Resources Division Land Classification Branch Water Resources Branch Ground Waters Division Power Resources Division Quality of Water Division . Surface Waters Division Gold-Mining Situation Committee Indian Affairs Office Mines Bureau Explosives Regulation Division Helium Production Research Metallurgical Division . Mineral Technology Division Nitrogen Fixation (Ammonia Oxidation) Section Sodium Cyanide Plant (Chemi- cal Plant No. U) Mining Division Explosives Investigations for Army and Navy Section 6UU INTERIOR DEPARTMENT-con. Mines Bureau-con. Mining Division-con. Underground Sound Detect- ing and Range Finding Section Petroleum Division War Gas Investigations Chemical Research Division (Defense) Chemical Research Division (Offense) Analytical Research Sec- tion Incendiary Section Toxic Materials Develop- ment Section Dispersoid Division Gas-Mask Research Division Manufacturing Development Division (Defense) Manufacturing Development Division (Offense) Mechanical Research Divi- sion Pathological Research Di- vision Pharmacological Research Division Physiological Research Di- vision Aviation Investigations Section Field Tests of Gases Sec- tion Sanitation Conditions at Poison Gas Factories Section Shock, Asphyxia, Hemor- rhage, and Carbon Mon- oxide Investigations Section pyrotechnic Research Divi- sion Flaming-Liquid Section Gas-Shell Section Hand-Grenade Section Incendiary Section Signal-Light Section Smoke-Screen Section Therapeutic Research Divi- sion Toxicological Research Di- vision War Minerals Investigations INTERIOR DEPARTMENT-con. Patent Office Primary Examiner's Advisory Committee Reclamation Service War Minerals Relief Commission INTERNATIONAL HIGH COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL SUGAR COMMITTEE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION Car Service Bureau Carriers' Accounts Bureau Compensation Board Inquiry Bureau Locomotive Inspection Bureau Safety Bureau Statistics Bureau JOINT ARMY AND NAVAL BOARD ON GUN FORGING SPECIFICATIONS JOINT ARMY AND NAVY TECHNICAL AIRCRAFT BOARD JOINT BOARD JOINT BOARD OF REVIEW JOINT COMMITTEE ON WEST INDIES TRANSPORTATION JOINT MERCHANT VESSEL BOARD JOINT WEEKLY CONFERENCE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT Aircraft Production Investigation Criminal Division Defense of Suits Division High Cost of Living Division Women's Activities Division Investigation Division Pardon Attorney's Office War Emergency Division Internment Section Permit Section Registration and Naturaliza- tion Section JOINT BOARD 6U£ LABOR DEPARTMENT Children's Bureau Child Labor Division Conciliation Division Employment Service Boys' Working Reserve Agricultural Division Industrial Division Library Cooperation Division Clearance Division Skilled Labor Section Engineering and Education Division Farm Service Division Field Organization Divi- sion Handicap Section Information Division Investigation Division Junior Division Manufacturers' Inquiry Section Mining Division Negro Division Operations Division Policies and Planning Board Professional and Special Section Public Service Reserve Emergency Farm Labor Sec- tion Railroad Division Service Reserves Division Statistical Division Stevedores and Marine Work- ers Division Unskilled Labor Section Women's Division Women's Land Array Division Immigration Bureau Internment Director's Office Industrial Housing and Trans- portation Bureau Labor Statistics Bureau Living Conditions of War Workers Commission Naturalization Bureau War Labor Administration Advisory Council Industrial Insignia Serv- ice Information and Education Service Economics Division Educational Division Industrial Plants Di- vision LABOR DEPARTMENT-con. War Labor Administration-con. Information and Education Service-con. Information Division Motion Picture Section Posters Division Public Works and Construc- tion Development Divi- sion Advertising Section Economics Section Industrial Plants Section Own-Your-Own Horae Section Poster Section Publicity Section Speakers' Section Statistical Section Investigation and Inspection Service Labor Adjustment Service National War Labor Board Awards Administration Di- vision [Examination Department] [Analysis Division] Cost of Living Section Investigation Division Public Utilities Division Street Railway Department Negro Economics Division Training and Dilution Serv- ice Dilution Division Planning Division Information Section Training Methods Section Training Division War Labor Conference Board War Labor Policies Board Central Recruiting Com- mittee Centralization of Indus- trial Statistics Com- mittee Conditions of Living Com- mittee Distribution of Milk, Ice, and Coal Committee Eight-Hour Statutes Com- mittee Employment Service, Com- mittee on Framing a Policy Relative to Strikes and Lockouts for the Enforcement of State Labor Laws Committee 6U6 LABOR DEPARTMENT-con. War Labor Administration-con. War Labor Policies Board-con, Exemption of Skilled Laborers Committee Government Contract Clauses Affecting Industrial Relations, Committee on Industrial Furloughs Com- mittee Insurance of Industrial Workers Committee Labor Department Reorgani- zation Committee Price Control Committee Relation of Military to Industrial Man-Power Committee Standardization of Wages and Conditions o f Work Committee Stimulation of Production Committee Workmen's Compensation Committee Woman in Industry Service Hazardous Occupations Com- mittee Women in Industry, Council on Working Women, Permanent Advisory Council of Working Conditions Service Industrial Hygiene and Medicine Division Labor Administration Divi- sion Safety Engineering Divi- sion LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEES LIVESTOCK MARKET COMMITTEE - LUMBER AND FOREST PROEUCTS JOINT OFFICE MEAT INDUSTRY COMMISSION MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION BOARD MINERAL IMPORTS AND EXPORTS COMMITTEE MINERALS AND DERIVATIVES, JOINT INFORMATION BOARD ON MUNITIONS PATENTS BOARD NATIONAL ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS NATIONAL HARNESS AND SADDLERY ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL [Administrative Division] Census of Research Committee Research in Educational In- stitutions Section State Council Relations Section Agriculture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries Di- vision Agriculture Committee Botanical Raw Products Com- mittee Botany Committee Fertilizer Investigations, Special Joint Committee on Fibers Committee Fisheries Committee Forestry Committee Physiological Salt Require- ments of Certain Culti- vated Plants Committee Protein Metabolism in Animal Feeding Committee Zoology Committee Chemistry and Chemical Tech- nology Division Chemical Apparatus and Sup- plies Committee Chemical Engineering Com- mittee Chemistry and Technology of Glass Committee Chemistry Committee Chemistry of Ceramics Commit- tee Chemistry of Colloids Commit- tee Chemistry of Fuels Committee Chemistry of Rubber and Al- lied Substances Committee Chemistry of Soils and Ferti- lizers Committee Chemistry of Textiles and Fabrics Committee Explosives Investigations Committee 6U7 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL-con. Chemistry and Chemical Tech- nology Division-con. Gases Used in Warfare Commit- tee Nitrate Investigations Com- mittee Nitrates and Ammonia Subcom- mittee Synthetic Drugs Committee Engineering Committee Engineering Division Electrical Engineering Sec- tion Electric Welding Research Committee Mechanical Engineering Section Metallurgy Section Fatigue of Metals Committee Ferro-Alloys Committee Helmets and Body Armor Com- mittee Improvement of Metals by Treatment at Blue Heat Committee Pyrometer Committee Steel Ingpt Committee Prime Movers Section Foreign Service Committee General Relations Division Education and Special Train- ing Special Committee Foreign Relations Section Industrial Research Advisory Committee Industrial Research Section Patent Office Committee Reconstruction Problems Com- mittee Relations With Educational Institutions and State Committees Section Geography Committee Geology and Geography Division Geology and Paleontology Com- mittee Medicine and Related Sciences Division Anatomy Committee Anthropology Committee Biochemistry Committee Industrial Poisonings Com- mittee Medical Zoology Committees Medicine and Hygiene Com- mittee Neurology and Psychiatry Committee Physiology Committee NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL-con. Medicine and Related Sciences Division-con. Psychology Committee Toxicity of Preserved Foods Advisory Committee Military Division Nitrate Supply Committee Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy, and Geophysics Division Astronomy Committee Mathematics Committee Navigation and Nautical In- struments Committee Optical Glass Committee Physics Committee Research Information Service NATIONAL SCREW THREAD COMMISSION NAVY DEPARTMENT Antisubmarine Devices Special Board Compensation Board Material Order Section Special Rentals and Plant Ex- tension Section Construction and Repair Bureau Aircraft Division Contract Divi'-i* Design Division Maintenance Division Production Division Shore Establishments Division Supply Division Enemy Vessels, Board To Appraise General Board Judge Advocate General's Office London Naval Board on Claims Marine Corps Headquarters Historical Division Medicine and Surgery Bureau Merchant and Private Vessels Appraisal Board Naval Aircraft Factory (Phila- delphia) Naval Consulting Board Aeronautics Committee Chemistry and Physics Committee Electricity Committee Food and Sanitation Committee Fuel and Fuel Handling Commit- tee Industrial Preparedness Com- mittee Internal Combustion Motors Committee Life-Saving Appliances Commit- tee 6U8 NAVY DEPARTMENT-con. Naval Consulting Board-con. Metallurgy Committee Mines and Torpedoes Committee Navigation Aids Committee Optical Glass Committee Ordnance and Explosives Com- mittee • Public Works, Yards, and Docks Committee Ship Construction Committee Steam Engineering and Ship Propulsion Committee Submarines Committee Transportation Committee Wireless and Communications Committee Naval Operations Office Armed Guard Section Communication Division Gunnery Exercises and Engi- neering Performances Of- fice Inspection Division Material Division Naval Aeronautics Office Naval Districts Division Naval Intelligence Office Historical Section Operating Forces Division Naval Overseas Transporta- tion Service Demobilization Board Planning Division Submarine Division Navigation Bureau Hydrographic Office Naval Militia Affairs Divi- sion Naval Observatory Training Division Navy Alaskan Coal Commission Ordnance Bureau [Civil Division] Finance and Special Con- tract Section Requisitions and Open Pur- chase Contract Section Industrial Division Inspection Section Labor Section Patent Section Selective Service Section Inventions,Research, and Tri- als Division Technical Division Armor and Projectile Section Aviation Ordnance Section Buildings and Grounds Section NAVY DEPARTMENT-con. Ordnance Bureau-con, Technical Division-con. Cost Board Officer Design Section Experimental Section Fire-Control and Optical Section Gun Mount Section Gun Section Mines and Net Section Nitrates and Acids Section Powder, Explosives, and Fuse Section Priorities Section Ship Protection Section Supply Section Torpedo Section Turret Mount Section lards, Plants, and Stations . Division Paris Naval Board on Claims Review Board Solicitor's Office Steam Engineering Bureau Aeronautics Division Engineering Section Operation and Maintenance Section Production Section Design Division Electrical Division Fuel and Personnel Division Inspection Division Radio Division Patent Section Repair Division Supply Division Supplies and Accounts Bureau Accounting Division Allotment Division Disbursing Division Allotment Section Liberty Loan Section War Risk Insurance Section Employment Division Fleet Division Inland Traffic Division Car Service Section Field Traffic Section Marine Section Passenger Transportation and Labor Section Routing Section Statistical Section Terminal Facilities Section Tracer Section 6h9 NAVY DEPARTMENT-con. Supplies and Accounts Bu- reau-con. Logistics and Fuel Division Allotment and Distribution of Navy Fuel Section Confidential Matters and Logistics Records Sec- tion Development of Fueling Fa- cilities Section Fuel Requirements, Navy Contractors Section Fuel Stocks and Vessel As- signments [Section] Ship Charterings and Re- ports Section Navy Board for Commandeering Overseas Division Purchase Division Award Section Chemicals and Explosives Section Clothing Section Contract Section Legal Section Lumber Section Non-ferrous Metal Section Open Purchase Section Priority Section Provisions Section Rush Delivery Section Salvage Section Steel Section Stock Upkeep Section Supply Section Training Camp Activities Com- mission Yards and Docks Bureau Armor and Projectile Plant Section Aviation and Submarine Bases Section Construction Division Design Division Dry Docks Section Hospital Section Magazines and General Ord- nance Facilities Section Marine Corps, Fuel Oil, and Radio Section Naval Academy Section Power Plants Section Shipbuilding and Yard Devel- opment Section Training Camps Section NEW YORK HARBOR WAGE ADJUSTMENT BOARD NITRATE COMMITTEE 0? THE UNITED STATES NITRATE OF SODA EXECUTIVE NITRATE PLANTS INTERDEPARTMENTAL BOARD, LOCATION OF PEACE CONFERENCE Control of Production of War Ma- terial in Germany for Dis- armament of Germany, Commit- tee on Council of Five Council of Four Council of Heads of Delegations Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs Council of Ten Economic Commission Financial Commission Interallied Aeronautical Commis- sion International Legislation on Labor Commission International Regime of Ports, Waterways, and Railways Com- mission General Control Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee League of Nations Commission Reparation of Damages Commission Financial Capacity of the Ene- my States—Their Means.of Payment and Reparation, Subcommittee on Measures of Control and Guan- antees Subcommittee Special Committee Valuation of Damage Subcommit- tee Responsibility of the Authors of the War and Enforcement of Penalties Commission Criminal Acts Subcommission Responsibility for the Viola- tion of the Laws and Cus- toms o f War Subconmission Responsibility for the War Subcommission 650 PEACE CONFERENCE-con. Specification of War Material Which Can Be Demanded From Germany To Prevent Her From Renewing the Struggle, Committee on Supreme Council POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT Classification Division Dead Letters Division Foreign Mails Division Money Order Division Post Office Inspectors Division Post Office Service Division Purchasing Agent’s Office Railway Mail Service Division Registered Mails Division Solicitor Division Stamps Division Telegraph and Telephone Admin- istration Wire Control Board PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES PRESIDENT’S MEDIATION COMMISSION RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Accounting Division Capital Expenditures Division Finance and Purchases Division Central Advisory Purchasing Committee Finance Director’s Advisory Committee Marine Insurance Section Finance Division Fire Loss and Protection Section Inland Waterways Committee Inland Waterways Division Joint Fuel Zone Committee Labor Division Railway Board of Adjustment No. 1 Railway Board of Adjustment No. 2 Railway Board of Adjustment No. 3 Women's Service Section Law Division Claims and Property Protec- tion Section Compensation and Contracts Committee Freight Claim Section Protection of Railroad Prop- erty Section RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION-con. Liquidation Claims Division New York Canal Section Operation Division Automatic Train Control Com- mittee Car Hire Bureau Car Service Section Car Record Office Refrigerator Department Tank Car Record Office Coastwise Steamship Advisory- Committee Coastwise Steamship Lines [Section] Eastern Railroads Coal Car Bool Engineering and Maintenance Department Freight Traffic Control Com- mittee Fuel Conservation Section Health and Medical Relief Com- mittee Inspection and Test Section Marine Department Marine Section Mechanical Department Standards Committee Operating Statistics Section Pass Bureau Pullman Car Lines [Section] Safety Section Secret Service and Police Sec- tion Standards for Locomotives and Cars Committee Telegraph Section Troop Movement Section Public Service and Accounting Division Accounting Committee Public Service Division Short Line Section Suggestions and Complaints Bureau Traffic Section Purchases Division Forest Products Section Fuel Section Procurement Section Stores Section Railroad Wage Commission Railroad Wages and Working Con- ditions Board Traffic Division -Advertising Committee Agricultural Section Homeseekers1 Bureau Clergy Bureaus 651 RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION-con. Traffic Division-con. Consolidated Classification Committee Express and Mail Section Freight Traffic Committees Inland Traffic Managers Interregional Dining-Car Com- mittee Interregional Traffic Commit- tee Passenger Traffic Committees Ticket Standardization Commit- tee [Transportation Division] Car Repair Section Locomotive Section RAILWAY EXPERTS TO RUSSIA ADVISORY COMMISSION RELIEF BOARD RENT COMMISSION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RETURNING SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND WAR WORKERS, BUREAUS FOR RUSSIAN BUREAU, INC. RUSSIAN RAILWAY SERVICE CORPS SHIPBUILDING BOARD OF REVIEW AND APPEAL SHIPBUILDING LABOR ADJUSTMENT BOARD SHIPPING BOARD Assignments Committee Claims Commission Engineer Committee Historian's Office Information Bureau Joint Board of Conciliation Joint Shipping Industrial Con- ference Law Department Marine and Dock Industrial Re- lations Division National Marine Conference Committee of Five Observation Committee Ocean Advisory Committee on. Just Compensation SHIPPING BOARD-con. Planning and Statistics Divi- sion Manning American Merchant Ma- rine Special Committee Port and Harbor Facilities Com- mission Recruiting Service Navigation and Engineering Schools Sea Service Bureau Sea Training Bureau Regulation Division Requisition Claims Committee Shipping Control Committee Special Despatch Agent's Of- fice Trades and Allocations Divi- sion Sailing Vessel Branch Special Agent's Office at Cleve- land, Ohio Survey and Consulting Engineers Board Transfer and Private Construc- tion Division Valuation of Lake Ships Advisory Committee War Zone Pass Commission SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET COR- PORATION Construction Claims Board Construction Organization Contract Division Finance Division Insurance Department Industrial Relations Division Draft Classifications and Transfer Branch Education and Training Sec- tion Employment Management Branch Health and Sanitation Section Industrial Service Section Labor Adjustment Branch Labor Section Labor Supply Section National Service Section Safety Engineering Section Legal Division Passenger Transportation and Housing Division Housing Section Investigation Bureau Production Bureau Construction Branch Design Branch Engineering Branch 6*2 SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION-con. Construction Organization-con. Passenger Transportation and Housing Division-con, Housing Section-con, Property Bureau Passenger Transportation Sec- tion Plant Protection Section Production Division Purchasing Division Requirements Section Ship Construction Division Concrete Ship Section Cost Review Section Records Section Steel Ship Section Technical Section Wood Ship Section Shipyard Plants Division Concrete Yard Construction Section Dredging Section Drydock and Marine Railway Section Fire Protection Section Plant Disposal Section Power Section Records and Progress Section Shipyard Plants Construction Section Shipyard Volunteers Division [Steel Ship Construction Divi- sion] Camouflage Section Supply and Sales Division Cancellation Section Inventory and Appraisal Sec- tion Material Section Sales Section Supply Division Distribution and Warehouse Section Lumber Section Purchasing and Production Section Raw Materials Section Transportation Division Inland Traffic Section Insurance Division Investigation Department Operations Committee Operations Division Allocation Department Assignment Department Central Records and In- formation Bureau SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATTON-con. Operations Division-con, Chartering Committee Construction and Repair De- partment Contract Department Deck Department Engineers Department Export Coal Department Forest Products Department Governmental and Foreign Re- lations Department Great Lakes Department Marine Superintendent’s Of- fice Maritime Intelligence Depart- ment Operating Department Pursers’ Department Radio Department Rate and Claim Department Sailing Vessel Department Shipping Trades Department Stevedoring Committee Supervisors Department Supply Department Tank Steamer Department Trades and Allocations Depart- ment Traffic Department Tug and Barge Department Ship Protection Committee Traffic Director's Office Wage Reimbursement Committee SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Astrophysical Observatory National Museum SPECIAL DIPLOMATIC MISSION TO RUSSIA SPRUCE PRODUCTION CORPORATION STANDARDIZATION OF PETROLEUM SPECIFICATIONS COMMITTEE STATE DEPARTMENT Consular Bureau Foreign Intelligence Division Foreign Trade Adviser's Office Historian of the War, Office of Latin American Affairs Division [Passport Control Division] Foreign Permit Office Russian Affairs Division [Solicitor's Office] Alien Military Section 653 STATE DEPARTMENT-con. Visa Office War Trade Board Section SUGAR EQUALIZATION BOARD, INC. Statistical Department SUPREME COUNCIL OF SUPPLY AND RE- LIEF SUPREME ECONOMIC COUNCIL Food Section SUPREME WAR COUNCIL American Section TARIFF COMMISSION TIN PUTS CONSERVATION COMMITTEE TREASURY DEPARTMENT Auditor for the Navy Department Auditor for the War Department Coast Guard Comptroller of the Currency Comptroller of the Treasury Comptroller of the Treasury (Overseas), Assistant Customs Division Engraving and Printing Bureau Federal Farm Loan Board Financial Requisition Officers Foreign Loan Bureau General Supply Committee Internal Revenue Bureau Advisory Tax Board Excess Profits Tax Advisers Board Excess Profits Tax Reviewers Taxpayers' Cooperation Divi- sion Loans and Currency Division Mint Bureau National War Savings Committee National Woman's Liberty Loan Committee Public Health Service Domestic (Interstate) Quaran- tine Division Foreign and Insular (Maritime) Quarantine and Immigration Division General Inspection Service Marine Hospitals and Relief Division Public Health Education Section TREASURY DEPARTMENT-con. Public Health Service-con. Sanitary Reports and Statis- tics Division Scientific Research Division Venereal Diseases Division Register of the Treasury Secret Service Division Treasurer of the United States War Loan Organization Savings Division War Risk Insurance Bureau Actuarial Division Allotment and Allowance Divi- sion Compensation and Insurance Claims Division Insurance Division Civil Relief Section Investigation Division Legal Division [Marine] Advisory Board Marine and Seamen's Division Marine Division Medical Division [Military and Naval Insurance] Advisory Board Military and Naval Insurance Division [Seamen's] Advisory Board Seamen's Division Trading With the Enemy Division VETERANS' BUREAU WAR BOARD FOR THE PORT OF NEW YORK WAR CABINET WAR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES, BOARD OF CONTROL [FOR] (NEWPORT NEWS) WAR DEPARTMENT Adjutant General's Office Array Reserve Division Classification Division Classification of Personnel in the Army, Committee on War Service Exchange Demobilized Records Division Enlisted Division Industrial Furlough Section Miscellaneous Division Officers Division 65>U WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Adjutant General’s Office-con, Selective Service Records Di- vision Statistical Division War Risk Insurance Division Air Service Chief's Office Air Service Claims Board Aircraft Production Bureau Airplane Engineering Divi- sion Procurement Division Production Division Industrial Relations De- partment (Science and Research Division] Chemical Section Spruce Production Division Arms, Munitions, and Equipment Board Assistant Secretary's Office Canadian Contract Assessors Cantonment Adjustment Commis- sion Chemical Warfare Service European Division Gas Defense Production Divi- sion Gas Offense Production Divi- sion Medical Division Training Division Coast Artillery Chief's Office Construction Division [Administrative Branch] Industrial Service Section Labor Procurement Section Patriotic Promotion Section Constructing Branch Government Equipment and Ma- terial Section Protection and Investigation Section Contracts Branch Contract Section Insurance Section Engineering Branch Architectural Work Section Camp-Planning Section Civil Engineer and Track- Work Section Electric-Equipment Section Estimates Section Fire Protection Section Heating and Plumbing Section Illumination Section Mechanical Engineering Sec- tion Refrigeration Section WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Construction Division-con. Engineering Branch-con. Roads and Sanitation Section Schedules Section Water Supply Section Maintenance and Repair Branch Building Repair Section General Maintenance and Re- pair Section Land and Lease Section Procurement Section Technical Service Section Utilities, Operation, and Maintenance Section Materials Branch Delivery Section Procurement Section Education and Special Training Committee Employment for Discharged Serv- ice Men, Assistant to the Secretary of War in Charge of Engineers, Office of the Chief of [Civil Division] Marine Drafting Section Civil Works Branch Miscellaneous Civil Division River and Harbor Division Engineers for Rivers and Har- bors Board Finance Division General Engineer Depot [Business Administration De- partment] Contract and Legal Division Depot Department Accounting Division Engineering Division for Construction of Depots Engineering and Purchasing Department Architectural and Struc- tural Division Cancellations Division Civil and Mechanical Divi- sion Electrical Division Production Division Requirements Divis ion Research and Design Divi- sion Review Board Supplies Division Military Branch [Administrative Division] Historical Data Section 655 WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Engineers, Office of the Chief of-con. Military Branch-con. Camouflage Section Drafting Division Electrical and Mechanical Section Engineer Motor Transporta- tion Service Enlisted Personnel Division Equipment and Construction Division Fortifications and Cable- grams Section General Equipment Section Military Mapping Section Equipment and Operations Di- vision Forestry Section Fortification and Mapping Di- vision General Construction Section Mining and Quarrying Section Personnel Division Commissioned Personnel Sec- tion Organization and Enlisted Men Section Railway Engineering Division Maintenance of Way Depart- ment Mechanical Department Railway Construction and Handling Plant Sound and Flash Ranging Sec- tion Surveying and Printing Section Water Supply Section Military Construction Division Drafting Section Military Mapping Section Military Railways Director Gen- eral's Office Public Buildings and Grounds Office Special Service Division Embarkation Liaison Section Inland Traffic Liaison Sec- tion Purchase and Supply Liaison Section Troop Division Engineers Board Field Artillery Chief's Office Finance Service Estimates and Apportionments Division Field Operations Division WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Finance Service-con. Funding Division Money Accounts Division Costkeeping Branch Settlements Division Claims Branch Classification Board Contract Adjustment Branch Contract Examining and Rec- ords Branch Patents Section Fixed Nitrogen Administration Fixed Nitrogen Commission General Staff Military Intelligence Division Geographic Branch Map Section Negative Branch Army Section Foreign Influence, Enemy Propaganda Section Fraud and Graft Section Liaison with the American Protective League Sub- section News Section Passport Section Plant Protection Section Travel Section Positive Branch Cable and Telegraph Sec- tion Code and Cipher Section Combat Intelligence In- struction Section Information Section i Planning Section Morale Branch Operations Division Commissioned Personnel Branch Equipment Branch Motor Transportation Branch Operations Branch (Purchase and Supply Division] Surveyor General of Supplies, Office of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division Embarkation Service Cargo Section Passenger Section Ship Section Engineering and Standard!- , zation Branch External Relations Branch Allied Relations Section Clearance Section Commodity Section 656 WAR DEPARTMENT-con. General Staff-con. Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division-con. External Relations Branch-con. Domestic Relations Section Price-Fixing Section Priorities Section Requirements Section Industrial Research Bureau Inland Traffic Service Property Movements Branteh Troop Movement Branch Inspection Branch Production Branch Purchase and Storage Direc- tor1 s Office [General Administrative Di- vision] Historical Branch Industrial Relations Branch Labor Standards for Army Clothing Depart- ment, Administration of Strength and Fundamental Allowance Branch Governing Sales Board on Un- serviceable Property Purchase Director's Office Claims Board Clothing and Equipage Di- vision General Supplies Division Contract and Purchase Branch Hardware and Hand Tools Branch Hardware, Cordage, and Miscellaneous Branch Heavy Hardware Branch Kitchen and Camp Equip- ment Branch Liaison and Interbureau Unit Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment Branch Office Equipment and Sun- dries Branch Priorities and Clearance Branch Production and Inspection Branch Small Tools and Chests Branch Machinery and Engineering Materials Division General Staff-con. Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division-con. Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office-con. Purchase Director's Of- fice-con. Medical and Hospital Sup- plies Division Motors and Vehicles Di- vision Purchase Administrative Division Raw Materials and Paints Division Fuels Branch Oils Branch Paints Branch Remount Purchase Division Subsistence Division Remount Service Requirements and Requisi- tions Division Statistical Division Purchase Summaries Branch Storage Summaries Branch Storage Director's Office Domestic Distribution Di- vision Emergency Issues and Domestic Equipment Branch Engineer Subdivision External Relations and Domestic Equipment Branch Medical Subdivision Motors and Vehicles Branch Motors Branch Ordnance Subdivision Quartermaster Subdivi- sion Clothing and Equipage Branch General Supplies Branch Raw Materials Branch Subsistence Branch Signal Subdivision Vehicles and Harness Branch Domestic Operations Di- vision Army Reserve Depot Sub- division Inventory Branch (67 General Staff-con. Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division-con. Purchase and Storage Direc- tor’s Office-con. Storage Director’s Of- fice-con. Domestic Operations DL- vision-oon. Service Subdivision Fire and Accident Pre- vention Branch Operation Service Branch Space Allotment Branch Warehouse Handling Methods Branch Overseas Distribution Di- vision [Administrative Subdivi- sion] Priority Clearance Branch Storage and Traffic Branch Engineer Subdivision Medical Subdivision Motors Subdivision Motor Cars Branch Priority Branch Release and Servicing Branch Spare Parts Branch Transportation Branch Trucks Branch Ordnance Subdivision Quartermaster Subdivision Clothing and Equipage Branch Fuel and Forage Branch General Supplies Branch Salvage Branch Subsistence Branch Vehicles and Harness Branch Signal Subdivision Overseas Supply Division Port Operations Division Aircraft Subdivision Chemical Warfare Subdi- vision Engineers’ Subdivision Medical Subdivision Motor Transport Subdi- vision Ordnance Subdivision Overseas Freight Re- lease Branch WAR DEPARTMENT-con. General Staff-con, Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division-con. Purchase and Storage Direc- tor's Office-con. Storage Director's Of- fice-con. Port Operations Divi- sion-con. Quartermaster Subdi- vision Signal Subdivision Salvage Division Canvas Repair Branch Clothing Renovation Branch Farms Branch Laundries Branch Repair Shops Branch Shoe and Harness Repair Branch Waste Materials Branch [Storage Administrative Division] Special Service Branch Surplus Property Division [Administrative Branch] Advertising Section Contract Section Clothing and Equipage Brandi General Supplies Branch Governing Sales Board Lumber Branch Machinery and Engineer- ing Materials Branch Medical and Hospital Supplies Branch Miscellaneous and Office Supplies Branch Motors and Vehicles Branch Raw Materials Branch Remount Branch Sales Supervision Branch Preferred Sales Sec- tion Zone Sales Section Zone Service Section Subsistence Branch [Purchase and Storage Service] [Storage Service] Operations Control Divi- sion Cold Storage Branch Cost Reduction Branch Fire and Accident Pre- vention Branch 6£8 WAR DEPARTMENT-con. General Staff-con. Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division-con. [Purchase and Storage Serv- ice]-con, [Storage Service]-con. Operations Control Di- vision- con. Inventory and Cata- logue Branch Packing Service Branch Reserve Depot and Space Allotment Branch Supplies Division Cable and Requisitions Service Branch Commodity Branch Clothing and Equipage Section Engineer Supplies Section General Supplies and Raw Materials Sec- tion Medical, Dental, and Veterinary Supplies Section Motors and Vehicles Section Ordnance Supplies Sec- tion Priority Equipment Sec- tion Signal Supplies Section Subsistence Section External Relations Branch Port Operations Branch Raw Materials and Paints Branch Purchase and Supply Branch Emergency Section Production Section Purchase Section Superior Board o f Con- tract Review Supply Program Section Purchase Branch Commandeering Section Inspection Section Patents Section Production Section Purchase Information Section Standardization Section WAR DEPARTMENT-con. General Staff-con. Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division-con. Sales Branch Building Materials Section Contract Section Export Sales Section Machine Tools Section Motor Vehicles and Aircraft Section Ordnance and Ordnance Stores Section Plant Facilities Section Quartermaster Stores Sec- tion Raw Materials and Scrap Section Sales Promotion Section Sales Review Board Superior Board of Sales Control Transfer and Inventory- Section Statistics and Requirements Branch Storage and Issue Branch Storage Branch Statistics Branch War Plans Division Historical Branch Diplomatic Relations Sec- tion Economic Mobilization Sec- tion General Military History Section Military Mobilization Sec- tion Operations Section Pictorial Section Legislation, Regulations, and Rules Branch Service and Information Branch Training and Instruction Branch War Plans Branch Inventions Section National Defense Projects Section Housing and Health Division Industrial Relations, Special Assistant to the Secretary of War in Charge of Inspector General’s Office Insular Affairs Bureau 533477 0 - 43 - 43 6# WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Judge Advocate General*s Office Accounts, Claims, and Fiscal Affairs Division Admiralty and Maritime Divi- sion Bond Division Civil Administration Division Constitutional and Internation- al Law Division General Administrative Division Military Justice Division Reservations and Titles Division Special Clemency Board Statutory Construction and Legislative Draft Division War Laws and Library Division Labor Standards for Army Clothing Control Board Liquidation Commission Military Aeronautics Division Supply Section Technical Section Militia Bureau Civilian Marksmanship Direc- tor's Office Motor Transport Corps Chief's Office Engineering Division Liaison Division Maintenance Division Nitrate Commission Nitrate Supply Committee Ordnance and Fortification Board Ordnance Chief's Office Administration Division Advisory Section Arsenal Administration Section Commissioned Personnel Section Military History and Statis- tics Branch Enlisted Personnel Section Industrial Education Section Instruction Section Ammunition Storage and Over- hauling Board Armor Plate, Committee To De- velop Arsenal Facilities Required for Work of Manufacture and Re- pair To Be Performed by Ord- nance Department, Board To Consider [Arsenals Director's Office] Employment for Soldiers and Sailors, Emergency Commit- tee on Artillery Ammunition Programs, Board of Officers To Review WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Ordnance Chief's Office-con. Artillery Division Artillery Programs, Board of Officers To Review Carriage Division Caterpillar Artillery Board Claims Board Compensation Board Construction of Steel Corpora- tion Plant Board Control Bureau Demobilization Board Engineering Division Aircraft Armament Section Artillery Ammunition Section Cannon Section Equipment Section Explosives Section Gauge Section Machine Gun and Small Arms Section Mobile Carriage Section Motor Equipment Section Railway and Seacoast Carriage Section Trench Warfare Section Chemical Research Branch Gas and Flame Branch Grenade Branch Pyrotechnic Branch Trench Mortar Branch Equipment Division Aluminum and Mess Equipment Section Cleaning and Preserving Ma- terials Section Contract Section Hardware Section Inspection Section Leather Equipment Section Leather Section Steel Helmets and Instruments of Precision Section Textile Equipment Section Textile Section Traffic Section Estimates and Requirements Di- vision Complaint and External Rela- tions Section Progress Section Project Section Requirements Section [Executive Section] Cable Branch Planning Branch Explosives and Loading Divi- 660 WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Ordnance Chief's Office-con. Facilities Now Proposed or Au- thorized, Board To Review Projects for New Field Artillery Board Finance Division General Efficiency Board Gun Division Cannon Section Design Branch Production Branch Purchase Branch Design Section Artillery Ammunition Branch Cannon Branch Explosive Branch General Control Branch Trench Warfare Branch General Control Section Inspection Section Technical Branch Production Section Advisory Branch Field Work Branch Machinery and Materials Branch Manufacturing Survey Branch Production Engineering Branch Schedules Branch Purchase Section Cartridge Case Branch Explosives Branch Fuze Branch Miscellaneous Material Branch Projectile Branch Raw Material Branch Trench Warfare Branch Inspection Division [Auxiliary Section] Educational Branch Executive Section Artillery Ammunition and Trench Warfare Branch Cannon and Small Arms Branch Explosives and Loading Branch Gauge Branch Instrument, Machinery, and Container Branch Metallurgical Branch Motor and Carriage Branch Overseas Liaison Branch Proving Grounds Branch Field Section Inspector of Ordnance Estab- lishments Plant Facilities Section Legal and Advisory Board WAR DEPARTMSNT-con. Ordnance Chief's Office-con. Metallurgical Matters Committee Motor Division Motor Vehicle Board Nitrate Division Contract Section Engineering Section Drafting Branch Safety Branch Fixed Nitrogen Research Lab- oratory Inspection Section [Nitrate] Plant No. 1 Section [Nitrate] Plants Nos. 2, 3, and U Section Purchase Section Council of National Defense Fuel Administration, Etc., Branch, Relations With Transportation Branch Research Technical Section Ordnance Salvage Board Ordnance Special Service Com- mittee Permanent Examining Board Procurement Division Artillery Section Gannon Branch Carriage Brajich Miscellaneous Branch Contract Section Patents Branch Procurement Order Branch Credits Section Advance Payment Branch Credit Branch Project Estimating Branch Equipment Section Explosives Section General Control Section loading Section Trench Warfare Branch Miscellaneous Section Gauge Branch Machinery Branch Kotor Equipment Section Artillery Tractor Branch Bodies Branch Chassis Branch Equipment Branch Special Tractor Branch Tanks Branch Tractors Branch Trailers Branch Packing Container Section Projectile Section Fuze and Cartridge Case Branch 661 Ordnance Chief's Office-con. Procurement Division-con, Projectile Section-con. Machinery Branch Steel and Forging Branch Raw Materials Section Chemical Branch Ferrous Branch Non-ferrous Branch Small Arms Section Ammunition Branch Arms Branch Machine Gun Branch Miscellaneous Branch Trench Warfare Section Production Division Ammunition Section Cannon Section Carriage and Battery Vehi- cles Branch Equipment Section Manufacturing Branch Industrial Service Section Community Work Branch Emergency Labor Production Branch Employment and Training Methods Branch Housing Branch Procurement of Labor Branch Safety and Sanitation Branch Wages and Hours of Labor Branch Women in Industry Branch Loading Section Miscellaneous Section Plant Section Construction Branch Plant Survey Branch Small Arms Section Manufacturing Branch Truck Section Safety Regulations for Loading and Explosives Plants, Board To Supervise and Enforce Second Motor Traction Board Small Arms Division Contract Section Finance and Property Section Planning and Engineering Sec- tion Production Section Purchase Section Small Arms Ammunition Inspec- tion Section Small Arms Inspection Section Statistical Forms and Records, Board To Review WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Ordnance Chief's Office-con. Supply Division American Ordnance Base De- pot Section Consinaction Section Building Branch Design Branch Rental Branch General Administration Sec- tion Operating Section Real Estate Branch Storage Operating Branch Transportation Branch Planning and Control Section Supplying and Maintaining Troops at Loading Plants, Board of Officers for Tank Division Training Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men of the Ordnance Department, Board To Investigate and Report on the Methods of Trial Board Provost Marshal General's Office Aliens Division Appeals Division Auxiliary Agencies and Statis- tics Division Classification Division Inspection and Investigation Division Law Division Medical Division Mobilization Division Registration Division Quartermaster General's Office Administrative Division Cemeterial Branch Communications Branch Contracts Branch Statistics Branch Telegraph and Cable Branch Central Disbursing Division Personal Deposits and Allot- ments Branch Clothing and Equipage Division [Administrative Branch] Contract Section Qotton Goods Branch Knit Goods Branch Leather Materials Branch Manufacturing Branch Planning Branch Production and Inspection Branch Purchasing Branch 662 WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Quartermaster General’s Of- fice-con. Clothing and Equipage Di- vision-con. Shoes, Leather, and Rubber Branch Textile Subdivision Wool Tops and Yam Branch Woolens Branch Conservation and Reclamation Division Clothing Repair Branch Contract and Purchasing Branch Dry Cleaning Branch Hat Repair Branch Inspection Branch Laundries Branch Salvage and Gardening Branch Shoe Repair Branch [Depot Division] Planning Branch Finance and Accounts Division Fuel and Forage Division Forage Branch Fuel Branch Oil Branch Traffic Branch Hardware and Metals Division Metals and Heavy Hardware Branch Operating Division Depot Branch Domestic Distribution Branch Overseas Distribution Branch Stock Records Branch [Personal Planning Staff] Industrial Relations Branch Industrial Research Branch Personnel Division Remount Division Animal Purchase, Issue, and Sales Branch Remount Depot Branch Subsistence Division Accounts and Adjustments Branch Bakery Branch Dehydration Branch Food Allotment Branch Inspection Branch Food Investigation Section Meat and Meat Food Prod- ucts Section Packing Service Section Supervisory Field Inspec- tion Section Overseas Subsistence Branch WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Quartermaster General's Of- fice-con. Subsistence Division-con. Packing House Products Branch Planning and Adjustment Branch Purchasing Branch United States Branch [Supplies and Equipment Divi- sion] Hide and Leather Control Branch Miscellaneous Supplies Branch Transportation Equipage Branch Supply Control Division Distribution Branch General Inspection Branch Liaison Branch Transportation Division Land Transport Branch Vehicles and Harness Division Harness Branch Vehicles Branch [Warehousing Division] Cable Service and Overseas Branch Statistics Branch Real Estate Service Second Assistant Secretary's Office Signal Officer's Office, Chief Air Division Engineering and Research Di- vision Cable Engineering Section Electrical Engineering Sec- tion Patent Section Radio Development Section Specifications Section Land Division Procurement Division Inspection Section Production Section Purchase Section Review Board Salvage Section Termination Section Science and Research Division Special Service Division Commercial Service Section Meteorological Section Photographic Section Pigeon Section Supply Division Storage Section Traffic Section 663 WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Surgeon General's Office Air Service Medical Division Finance and Supply Division Food and Nutrition Division Gas Defense Division Field Supply Section Overseas Repair Section Training Section General Publicity Board General Surgery Division Historical Division Hospital Division Administrative Section Army School of Nursing Census Section Infectious Diseases and Labo- ratories Division Dermatology and Urology Section Infectious Diseases Section Laboratory Section Venereal Disease Control Section Internal Medicine Division Cardiovascular Section Gastroenterology Section Tuberculosis Section Medical Department Training Division Medicine Division Military Orthopedic Surgery Division Museum and Library Division Army Medical Museum Neurology and Psychiatry Di- vision Overseas Hospital Division Liaison Service Between the Surgeon General of the Army and the Surgeon Gen- eral of the Navy [Personnel Division] Army Nurse Corps Section Commissioned Personnel Sec- tion Dental Section Enlisted Personnel Section Medical Education Section Physical Reconstruction Divi- sion Psychology Division Roentgenology Division Sanitation Division Current Statistics Section Medical Records Section Miscellaneous Section Sanitary Engineering Section Sanitary Inspection Section WAR DEPARTMENT-con. Surgeon General’s Office-con. Sanitation Division-con. Student Army Training Corps Section Surgery Division Surgery of the Head Division Veterinary Division Surveyor of Contracts Tank Corps Director's Office Third Assistant Secretary of War Training Camp Activities Commis- sion Athletic Division Camp Music Division Law Enforcement Division Legislation Section Reformatories and Houses of Detention Section Vice and Liquor Control Sec- tion Work With Women and Girls Section Liberty Theater Division Military Entertainment Council Post Exchange Committee Social Hygiene Division Men's Work Section Motion Picture Section Women's Work Section Transportation Service Chief's Office [Administrative Division] Baggage, Remains, and Effects Branch Courier Section Animal-Drawn Transportation Division Pack Transportation Branch Wagon Transportation Branch Port Terminals and Inland Water ways Division Rail Transportation Division Construction, Maintenance, and Operation Branch Freight Traffic Branch Passenger Traffic Branch Water Transportation Division Cargo Traffic Branch Construction, Maintenance, and Repair Branch Vessel Operation Branch War Council War Credits Board War Department Claims Board Appeal Section Appraisal Section WAR FINANCE CORPORATION 66U WAR INDUSTRIES BADGE COMMITTEE 1 WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD Building Materials Division Chemicals Division Acids and Heavy Chemicals Section Alkali and Ohio nine Section Artificial Dyes and Inter- mediates Section Asbestos and Magnesia Section Chemical Glass and Stoneware Section Creosote Section Electrodes and Abrasives Section Ethyl Alcohol Section Ferro-Alloys Section Gold and Silver Section Industrial Gases and Gas Products Section Joint Office on Chemical Sta- tistics Mica Section Miscellaneous Chemicals Section Nitrates Section Paint and Pigment Section Platinum Section Refractories and Native Prod- ucts Section Sulphur and Pyrites Section Tanning Materials and Natural Dyes Section Technical and Consulting Section Wood Chemicals Section Comfort and Welfare Committee Conservation Division Cotton Committee Cotton Compression and Transpor- tation Committee Cotton Distribution Committee Dredging Section Emergency Construction Section Employment Management Course Sec- tion Explosives Division Facilities Division Finished Products Division Automotive Products Section Brass Section Chain Section Crane Section Electric Wire and Cable Sec- tion Electrical and Power Equipment Section Forgings, Ordnance, Small Anns, and Small Arms Ammunition Section WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD-con. Finished Products Division-con. Hardware and Hand Tool Section Machine Tool Section Military Optical Glass and In- strument Section Miscellaneous Commodities Sec- tion Resources and Conversion Sec- tion Tobacco Section Vehicle, Implement, and Wood Products Section Fire Prevention Section Hide, Leather, and Leather Goods Division Belting Section Boot and Shoe Section Foreign Hides and Skins Section Gloves and Leather Clothing Section Harness and Personal Equipment Section Hide and Skin Section Leather Belting Section Sheepskin and Glove Leather Section Sole and Belting Leather Sec- tion Upper and Harness Leather Sec- tion Joint Office on Leather Statistics Jute, Hemp, and Cordage Section i Labor Division ‘ War Prison Labor and National Waste-Reclamation Section Legal Section Medical Industry Section Planning and Statistics Division Commodities Statistics Section Industrial Conditions Section Price Section Questionnaire Section War Contracts Section War Industries Abroad Section Plants and Munitions Advisory Committee Rawer Section Price Fixing Committee Priorities Division Inland Traffic Section Labor Priorities Section' Non-war Construction Section Priorities Board Priorities Committee Production Committee Pulp and Paper Division Fiber Board and Container Sec- tion 665 WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD-con. Pulp and Paper Division-con. Manufacturing Section Newspaper Section Paper Economy Section Periodical Section Railway Equipment and Supplies Section Raw Materials Division Lumber Section Non-ferrous Metals Section Requirements Division Clearance Office Steel Division Iron and Steel Scrap Section Permit Section Pig Iron Section Projectile Steel Section Steel Products Section , Warehouse Distribution Bureau Storage Committee Stored Materials Section Supplies Section Textile and Rubber Division Cotton and Cotton Linters Section Cotton Goods Section Domestic Wool Section Felt Section Flax Products Section Foreign Wool Section Knit Goods Section Rag and Fiber Subsection Rubber Section Silk Section Woolens Section Wool Advisory Committee Yam Section WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD-con. Tin Section [Wool Division] Noils and Waste Administra- tor’s Office WAR MINERALS COMMITTEE WAR SERVICE COMMITTEES WAR TRADE BOARD Branches and Customs Bureau Contraband Committee Enemy Trade Bureau Exports Bureau Expor Executive Committee Fore! Agents and Reports Bu- reau Imports Bureau Research and Statistics Bureau Research Division Tabulation and Statistics Di- vision Transport-cion Bureau Violations Committee War Trade Intelligence Bureau Censorship and Correspondence Division Research and Investigation Division WAR TRADE COUNCIL WHEAT DIRECTOR'S OFFICE Enforcement Division Inland Traffic Division Licenses Division 666 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: IMS O - 5J3477 HANDBOOK OF FEDERAL WORLD WAR AGENCIES AND THEIR RECORDS 1917-1921