< l~''""""""»""-H"..^
"I
'if*
W  PROCEEDINGS
MQ
IN BEHALF OP" THE
TESTIMONIAL,
M. L. BROOKS, M.'D.,  '  m
G.'C. E. WEBER, M. D.,
PROCTOR THAYER, M. I).,
WAT. J. SCOTT, M. D.,
CHARLES A. TERRY, M. D.,
E. & II. K. CUSHINjjG, M. D.,
Executive Committee on Morton Testimonial.
            i
      CLEVELAND, OHIO.
1866.
NimimTTIIIilllirllllllMIIIIIIIIimilMIIIIMIIIItlllilllllfltlllimilllllllllllllMllllllMlimillHiili ii.;. uiiin (Milium 
  On the 14th dav of July, a meeting of medical gentlemen was held at



hS ieTSrS^'Dr Te^y grossed tb. m.e.lng; -Pl^ng ■«
nHo„t  anA introduced  Dr.  Morton, who proceeded to give  a aeiaueu
a.'g.i^^ %z »£?&;%&%£
of preparation  and «flminiBfxflt;j?m-r>S-me B&me-  ^"»t  l _     ,' Miurlrj
ence he had had in t ringing it before the public, and the meaicar-wwti  _
  Upon the conclusion of his remarks, Dr. Terry urged that the meeting
should take some action  to bring the claims of Dr. Morton before the com-

m Or! motion by Dr.  Brooks,  it was agreed by the meeting that the annexe*
preamble and resolutions should be approved by the signature of the mem-

beOn°mr!Si^fCommSt2eMmpo8ed of Drs. Herrick,  Darby and Dutton
was appointed"to^irculate the PaPer for the signature of other members
Tmff^T?*'*"' Executive Committee was appointed for
  On motion of Dr.  Brooks,   .      t    t  bri    the  matter  before the
the purpose of  taking the necess.  J    F
CitiZifn8^°uf .Cleveland- n           '--W Thayer and Scott, members
  Ihe Chair appointed Drs.  Brooks, Weft? '-„«, a^ded, when the meeting
ot that Committee.  On  motion, Dr. Terry wu-NT
adjourned                                  '<^^XICK, Secretary
  Cleveland, July 14, 1866.         HENRY J.  HEhi.
               PREAMBLES AND RESOLUTIONS.

  Whkreas,  After innumerable trials, made during the last  nineteen
years,  it has  been established to the satisfaction  of the world that  the
inhalation of sulphuric ether may be  safely employed  for producing in.
sensibility to pain; and,
  Whkreas, The  attention of  the medical  profession, and, through it, of
(he public generally, was directed to this fact by Dr. W. T. G. Morton, of
Boston, who first practically demonstrated that  ether mav be safely used
by inhalation for annulling pain, in the Massachusetts General Hospital,
where, on  the 16th day of October, 1846, a severe surgical operation was
successfully performed  by the late Dr. John C.  Warren, without pain to
the patient, whilst under the influence of sulphuric ether, administered bv
Dr. Morton; and,
  Wukrkas, Our  National  Government, whilst admitting the claims of
Dr. Morton, has failed to reward him for this great service to his country
and to humanity;
  Resolved, That in the opinion of the undersigned, the  world is indebted
to Dr.  Morton, for  having practically proved the value and safety of ether,
as an anaesthetic agent, which directly led to the use of chloroform, and
th it he is,  therefore, entitled to the lasting gratitude of mankind.
  Resolved, That we cordially recommend to our fellow-citizons the Ra-
tional  Testimonial Fund,  lately  commenced  in Boston, New York and
other cities in behalf of Dr. Morton.
              CHARLES  A.  TERRY, M. D., Chairman,
              H.  J.  HERRICK, M.D., Secretary.
M.  L.  BROOKS,  M.D,            JOHN  E.  DARBY,  M. D
A. W. BURROWS,- M. D.,         W. D. STURTEVANT, M D
A. S.  PALMER,  M. D.,           D. C. WASHINGTON,  M.D "'
C. F.  DUTTON,  M. D,           GUSTAV  C.  E. WEBER M D
PROCTOR THAYER, M. D.,      J. H. SALISBURY, M  D '    '
JOHN DICKINSON,  M. D.,       E. & H. K. GUSHING, M D
A. C. MESSENGER,  M. D.,       WM. J. SCOTT  M D
N. H.  NELSON,  M. D.,           E. STERLING,'M.D.''
I. H.  MARSHALL,  M. D.,        ALLEYN MAYNARD  M  D
J. D.  KEEGAN,  M. D.,           J. LANG CASSELS, M. D   ''
S. B.  BURNHAM, M. D. 
jV}0r"tfn Te 'i iwr\ xkC f, '  ■>: -xti'di
PROCEEDINGS
IS BEHALP OV THB
MOETON TESTIMONIAL
BOSTON-
  1 8 0 G . 
X'y'PA
I 
PREFACE.
   The Morton  Testimonial Association, consisting of some of the most
distinguished and scientific  men  of the country, and representing a large
body of American physicians, was formed  for the purpose of procuring from
the Government  and the people  an adequate testimonial for Dr. Morton
as a remuneration for the expenditures* he has incurred in  conferring upon
them the inestimable boon of  Etherization.
   Before further drging this  testimonial upon the people, this Association
determined to make an application to the Government for the use of Anaes-
thetics in the army and navy, under auspices that should as far as possible
determine whether, under any circumstances, Congress would make an ap-
propriation to Dr. MortGn, or whether the whole amount must  be raised
from the people.
   The military committee of the Senate, 37th  Congress, 3d Session, made
a report confirming all previous reports, affirmed the claim of Dr. Morton,
and reported the facts to the Senate, but they refused to pass a bill.
   It will be seen by the representation made to Congress  by this Associa-
tion, that  they  secured the co-operation of the most  eminennt and patriotic
persons in the country.
   The following documents and selections from the papers that accompanied
the petition will  convey an idea how vigorously  and enthusiastically  this
claim was urged upon Congress from all sections of the I3nion :
   The testimony upon which this claim was supported, whether tried by
the rule of quantity or quality, was never  equaled nor surpassed in behalf
of any previous discoverer.
   On motion of Mr. Hooper,  of Mass., the subject was referred to the com-
mittee of  ways and means en the     day  of February, 1864, and on June
6th the committee reported the following item in bill 506, section eight:
   "Sec. 8.  And be it further enacted,  That the Secretary  of the Treasury
be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in
the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to  Doctor W. T.  G. Morton for the
discovery  and  introduction  of anaesthetic agents, and for  their use in the
army and  navy of the United States, the sum of two hundred thousand
dollars."
   The bill was read twice, committed  to the whole House on the state of
the Union, and ordered to be printed.   But when it came up for final action
it shared the same fate that had attended it on  all previous occasions.   To
use a political term, it was killed.
  ♦Estimated at  $200,000.   See Senate Report No. 89, 37th  Congress, 3d Scdsion. 
4
PREFACE.
   Thus tho matter was dismissed by Congress after Dr. Morton had waited
and  worked with fruitless efforts for eighteen  years, and had expended a
large sum of money  to secure remuneration from the  Government whose
army and navy had been so signally benefitted.
   If this measure failed, backed as it was by so many friends, and by all
that  truth and eloquence could urge, at a time when the value of his services
in lessening pain and saving life was so strikingly manilest, it is fair to presume
that Dr. Morton has no hope of gaining any remuneration from Government.
He now stands before the world with his time, business and fortune all
given to perfect this discovery, to gain that recognition which justice to hiin-
8clf  and his family demands.
   In view of the inconsideration or indifference that Congress has manifested
towards this measure, few who are familiar with the trials  and expenses of
urging a claim upon the Government, will still desire  to  see  Dr. Morton,
with a mind tossed by anxiety, continue these fruitless efforts ; but all  will
agree that the public, who have  been, and  must continue to be, benefitted
to an untold extent, shall return to him the money he has expended in con-
ferring so priceless a boon upon suffering humanity. 
REPRESENTATION
                     OF THE

MORTON  TESTIMONIAL  ASSOCIATION
  More than twenty years have elapsed since the first
application of Sulphuric Ether as an Anaesthetic agent.
During this period its use has been extended over the
whole civilized world; it has been  employed in private
dwellings, in hospitals, and upon the field of battle, and
has been hailed as the most beneficent gift conferred
upon mankind since the discovery of Vaccination.  It
has enabled every  human being to contemplate pain,
disease, and death, with comparative composure; and
its loss, were such a thing possible, would be universally
regarded as a calamity to our race.
  The Anaesthetic properties of Ether, if before known,
had never been before  practically applied, and except
for  the courage, energy, and perseverance of Dr. Mor-
ton, they would not probably have been applied to this
day.  The peculiar  claim of Dr. Morton is not merely
that he introduced the use of Ether, but that he first
demonstrated the fact that the human system can  be
safely reduced to a  condition in which it  becomes un-
conscious of the  sufferings of disease, the  pain  of sur-
gical operations, and the pangs of childbirth.  The same
purpose has since been effected by Chloroform and other
agents, but it is not assuming too much to say that ex-
cept for the demonstration of this great fact of the pos-
                        5 
6
sibility and  safety of Ansethesia, their employment
would never have been suggested.
   But while all mankind  have  been benefited, Dr.
Morton has been  a loser,* to a large amount, by his
exertions, in a worldly point of view; and  in conse-
quence of the time consumed, the expenses incurred,
and the suspension of his professional labors, he is less
advantageously situated than before.   This does not
seem just, and it is now proposed to procure and ]:>re-
sent to him  an adequate testimonial, not as a compen-
pensation, for  a full compensation is in its  nature
impossible, but as  a remuneration for his expenditure,
and an expression of the deep and grateful sense en-
tertained  by his fellow-creatures of the  inestimable
benefit he has conferred upon them.
  With the view of obtaining effectual co-operation in
other places, a meeting of a committee of fifty gentle-
men was held at the house of Dr. J. Mason Warren,
of Boston, and as  a result of this meeting the follow-
ing organization has been  adopted.   The aid of the
medical profession, and the public in general, is now
respectfully solicited  to  assist in  carrying into  effect
this  laudable purpose.   It is proposed that a public
subscription be instituted, the avails of which shall be
paid into the hands of Amos A.  Lawrence  and  John
Lowell, of Boston, Trustees, to be held, appropriated,
and invested for the benefit of Dr.  Morton and his
family
* Estimated $2,000. See Senate Report No. 89, Second Session XXXVIIth Congress. 
7
                         PRESIDENT:

               Dr.  JAMES  JACKSON,
Emeritus Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine in Harvard University.
                         VICE-PRESIDENTS :

Dr. JACOB BIGELOW,
            President American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
    GEO. HAYWARD,
            Consulting Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital.
    S. D. TOWNSEND,
            Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital.
    EDW. REYNOLDS,
            Consulting Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital.
Dr. JOHN  HOMANS,
            President Massachusetts Medical Society.
            Consulting Physician Massachusetts General Hospital.
    JOHN  JEFFEIES,
            Consulting Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital.
JARED  SPARKS, LL. D.,
            Late President of Harvard University.


ROBERT C. WTNTHROP, LL.D.,
            President of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
THOMAS  HILL, D. D., LL. D.,
            President Harvard University.

                       GENERAL COMMITTEE:

Dr. JOHN  C.  DALTON,
    DANIEL  TREADWELL,
            Formerly Rumford Professor in Harvard College
    CHARLES  G.  PUTNAM,
    A A. GOULD,
            Physician to Massachusetts General Hospital.
    DANIEL  D. SLADE,
    CHARLES  GORDON,
    HENRY I. BOWDITCH,
           Physician to Massachusetts General Hospital.
    HENRY G. CLARK,
            Surgeon to Massachusetts General Hospital.
    OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES,
            Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Harvard University.
    ROBERT W. HOOPER,
            Surgeon to Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
8
J. MASON WARREN,
       Surgeon to Massachusetts General Hospital.
WILLIAM J. DALE,
        Surgeon General, Massachusetts.
HENRY J. BIGELOW,
       Surgeon to Massachusetts General Hospital.
CHARLES E. BUCKINGHAM,
FRANCIS MINOT,
     '  Physician to Massachusetts General Hospital.
GEORGE H. LYMAN,
EDWARD H. CLARKE,
       Professor of Materia Medica in Harvard University.
LUTHER PARKS, Jr.,
J. BAXTER UPHAM.
                    EXECUTIVE committee:
Dr. JOHN WARE,
          Late Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine in Harvard University.
    DAVID W.  CHEEVER,
    J. N. BORLAND,
    C. D. HOMANS,
    ROBERT WARE,
    RICHARD  M. HODGES,
          Massachusetts General Hospital.
   JAMES C.  WHITE,
          Massachusetts General Hospital.
    CALVIN G. PAIGE.
                          TRUSTEES:
AMOS A. LAWRENCE,
          Treasurer of Harvard University.
JOHN LOWELL.
                         SECRETARY ;
FRANCIS MINOT. 
PROCEEDINGS
MORTON   TESTIMONIAL.
  At a meeting of the Medical Gentlemen, held at the
house of Dr. Jacob Bigelow, of Boston, for the purpose
of bringing before the  community the claims  of  Dr.
W. T. Gr. Morton to a substantial recompense  for the
benefit which he has conferred  on mankind  by  the
discovery of  the anaesthetic properties of Sulphuric
Ether, Dr. John Homans was elected Chairman, and
Dr. Francis Minot, Secretary; and the following Res-
olutions were adopted:—
  Resolved, 1st  That this  meeting view with great in-
terest and  satisfaction  the movement inaugurated in
Boston, New York, and  Philadelphia/- in behalf of the
Morton Testimonial, and  take this occasion to renew
their expression of approval and  sympathy.
  2d.  That the  meeting commend  the subscription
proposed for the Testimonial to the favor and support^
of the American people, and  most cordially join in the
commendation bestowed upon it  by institutions and
scientific  men throughout the country.
  M.  That in view of the present condition and objects
to be attained by the  Testimonial, it is expedient to
                         9 
10
make an immediate effort to take up a general subscrip-
tion in this community, which is the scene of Dr. Mor-
ton's labors and experiments, and  the  city where the
discovery was made, and the Testimonial had its origin.
  Uh.   That  a Committee be appointed by the Chair
from gentlemen out of the profession,  to call on  this
community, and solicit donations and  subscriptions in
behalf of the Testimonial, with power to make additions
to their number and substitutions, and to  take such
other action as they may  deem  expedient to promote
this  object.
  5th.  That a Committee of Medical men be  appointed
by the Chair to confer with the Committee on Subscrip-
tions as to the  most efficient means of  accomplishing
the end in view.
  Qtk.   That  it is expedient to appeal  especially to
those who have been  relieved  by etherization from
intense  pain,  that  they may have an opportunity to
contribute according to their means.

  On motion of Dr. Bowditch,  the Secretary was re-
quested to notify the members of both Committees of
their appointment, and to desire them to meet together
at such time and place as he may  see expedient, to carry
out the  objects of this meeting.

  The Chair appointed the following Committees:__

                       LAYMEN.
           Amos A. Lawrence, 17 Milk Street.
           Charles Amory, 54 City Exchange.
           J. Ingersoll Bowditch, 54 State Street.
           John Lowell, 42 Court Street.
           John T. Stetson, 8 Milk Street.
           William Appleton, Jr. 24 Tremont Street
           Moses Williams, Jr. 105 State Street.
           Daniel S. Cuetis, 4 State Street. 
11
John Joseph May, corner Broad and State streets.
Martin Brimmer, 48 Beacon Street.
A. W. Spencer, 13 Congress Street.
Samuel Frothingiiam, Jr.. 59 Franklin Street.
Thomas J. Lee, 60 State Street.
Warren Sawyer. 7 Blackstone Street.
J. D. W. Joy, 17 Milk Street.
Pbescott Bigelow, 1 Postoffice Avenue.
Joseph Burnett,  27 Central Street.
John H. Thorndike, 29 Edinboro' Street.
B. W. Taggard, 29 Cornhill.
Gardner Brewer, Federal, corner Franklin Street.
Theodore Metcalf, 39 Tremont Street.
P. W. Chandler, 4 Court Street.
Thornton K. Lothrop, 42 Court Street.
Charles  T. Randaix, Devonshire, between Franklin and Summed
    streets.
G. S. Hillard, Niles Block, School Street.
James T.  Fields, corner School and Washington streets.
William  G.  Weld.
Edward  T.  Eastman.
                      MEDICAL.

James Jackson,                    Henry I. Bowditch,
Jacob Bigelow,                    0. W. Holmes,
George Hayward,                 John H. Dix,
John Ware,                       Charles G. Putnam,
John Homans,                     J- Mason Warren,
S. D. Townsend,                   Henry J. Bigelow,
John Jeffries,                    Henry G. Cla.rk:.
A. A. Gould,
JOHN  HOMANS,  m.d.,  Chairman.
FRANCIS MINOT, m.d.,  Secretary. 
12
 STATEMENT OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE MORTON
                  TESTIMONIAL FUND.
           The undersigned  having been appointed  Trustees of
 the fund to be raised as a Testimonial to Dr. Moiion, for  his
 discovery of Etherization ; and having accepted this trust, deem
 it their duty to state for  the information  of those who may be
 asked to contribute, that it is not designed merely to  present him
 with  an honorable memento of the services which  he has ren-
 dered to mankind, but  to afford him  relief from  the  embar-
 rassments which his discovery has brought upon him.
   It is necessary  for us,therefore, to  say that Dr. Morton has
 sacrificed all his property, and all  the profits of his profession,
 in introducing his discovery, and in establishing his claim, and
 that he has seriously impaired his  health;  that  he has failed
 to obtain compensation from the Government for  the use  of
 Ether by the Army and Navy, though a bill has been twice
passed through one House of Congress for that purpose, and
 that he has no hope of any public compensation.
   Under these circumstances, is it asking too much to  bestow
 on  one ivho is the author of the most beneficent  discovery  of
 this age, the means of an  ample support for himself and his
 family?
   Believing that ail who have experienced the  inestimable bene-
 fits  of Ether  in  its various forms in alleviating pain, or who
 have seen its effects upon  others, ivill deem it a privilege to give
 some substantial proof to the discoverer, of their appreciation
 of its value, we forbear to give the details of his labors and his
 misfortunes.
                   AMOS  A. LAWRENCE,
                   JOHN  LOWELL,
Trustees. 
TESTIMONIAL
THE  MEDICAL  PROFESSION
PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, AND BOSTON.,
               PROCEEDINGS
OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF PHILADELPHIA,  IN BEHALF OF
                 W. T. G. MORTON, M. D.

  A meeting of the members of the  medical  profes-
sion who had indorsed the Testimonial in behalf of
Dr. W. T. G. Morton, was held at the  Hospital Build-
ings,  Spruce Street, Philadelphia;  when, on motion,
Dr. Wilson Jewell was called to the chair, and Dr. T.
H. Bache was chosen Secretary.
  The following  preamble and resolutions were then
offered, and  having been read by the Secretary, were
unanimously adopted: —
  "Whereas,  after innumerable trials, made during the
last fourteen years, it has been established to the  satis-
faction of the world, that the  inhalation of ether may
be safely employed for producing insensibility to pain;
  " And whereas, the attention  of the medical profession,
and through it of the public generally, was directed to
this fact by Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton, of Boston, who first
practically demonstrated that ether may be safely used 
14
by inhalation for annulling pain, in the Massachusetts
General Hospital, where, on the 16th of October, 1846, a
severe surgical operation was successfully performed by
the late Dr. John C. "Warren, without pain to the patient,
whilst under the influence of ether, administered by Dr.
Morton;
  " And whereas, our National Government, whilst admit-
ting the claims of  Dr. Morton, has failed to reward  him
for  this great service to his country and to humanity;
  " Resolved, That in the opinion of this meeting, the
world is indebted to Dr. Morton for having practically
proved  the value  and safety of ether as an ana3sthetic
agent, and that  he is, therefore, entitled to the lasting
gratitude  of mankind.
  " Resolved, That we cordially recommend to our fellow-
citizens the 'National Testimonial Fund,' lately com-
menced in Boston  and New York in behalf of Dr. Mor-
ton, and that we will do all in  our power  to  influence
them to subscribe  to the same.
  '•' Resolved, That, for the purpose of facilitating  the
subscriptions, a copy of these resolutions, duly authenti-
cated by  the officers of this meeting, be  furnished to
Messrs. Brown, Brothers, & Co., the  receivers for  this
city, together with such other documents in explanation
of the Testimonial as may be approved  by the officers
of this  meeting."
  On motion, the  Secretary was  directed to transmit a
copy  of these Resolutions to Dr. Morton.
  On motion, adjourned.
                             WILSON JEWELL, CMrman.
  T. H. Bache, Secretary. 
TESTIMONIAL
 OP MEMBERS  OF THE MEDICAL  PROFESSION
                  OF  PHILADELPHIA.

                          IN BEHALF OF

             WILLIAM  T.  G. MORTON, M.D.

 To their  Fellow-Citizens : —■

   The vast importance of the effect of the inhalation of Ether, in
 preventing and suspending pain, has long ceased to be a matter
 of doubt among the members of the medical profession, and is
 too well known to the intelligent citizens of Philadelphia to need
 any further exposition.  Etherization has been tested in countless
 instances, under a  great variety of  circumstances, during  more
 than twelve years of constant employment by thousands of  oper-
 ators;  and  the result of this unsurpassed experience is decisive in
 confirmation of its safety and efficiency as a suppressor of physical
 suffering, and a powerful assistant of the healing art.
  Believing, therefore, that  anaesthetic inhalation is the most avail-
 able and potent  means of alleviating pain yet  employed in  the
practice of  surgery, and, consequently, that it is one of the greatest
gifts to humanity of the present age, we cannot but regard  the
original  and successful introducer of  this  invaluable  boon  as
entitled to  the warm gratitude of mankind.
  We  believe the practical originator of anaesthetic inhalation to
be Dr. William T. G. Morton, of  Boston, Mass. in whose behalf
we are happy to bear witness in this testimonial.
  "We  are  convinced that he  is the one who first  resorted  to
ethereal  inhalation for the purpose of producing  insensibility to
pain in a  patient while undergoing a surgical operation, and  that 
16
he is the one who first succeeded in effecting this result.  He was,
indisputably, the  first to  urge the anaesthetic properties  of the
vapor  of ether upon the attention of the  medical profession,  and
thus succeeded in establishing the practice  of anaesthetic  inhala-
tion.
  We therefore take great pleasure, and at the same time perform
an  act of duty, in recommending the claims of Dr. Morton to the
favorable consideration of our fellow-citizens, and would cordially
urge upon them the propriety of  showing  their estimate  of his
services  by a substantial acknowledgment, such  as is manifestly
due from an enlightened  community to  one who has conferred
upon its  members so inestimable a benefit.
  We may refer  to the annals of  medicine in the Old World for
many  instances in which  analogous discoveries of less moment
have  been recognized and paid for by European governments,
sometimes even before their true value had been ascertained.  The
length of time which has elapsed since the adoption of etheriza-
tion has only  the more firmly established its position by demon-
strating its safety and developing its usefulness.
  Our National Government has admitted the justice  and  impor-
tance  of  Dr.  Morton's  claims in  the  introduction of ethereal
anaesthesia, but has neglected to provide the proper reward.
  Under these circumstances, the plan  of individual contribution
has been successfully resorted to by the citizens of Boston and
New York as the best suited to the temper of our people, and  the
most likely to reach a satisfactory conclusion.
  An opportunity is now offered to the citizens of Philadelphia to
unite with their neighbors in the same work of benevolence and
justice ;  and it is in this that we earnestly desire to interest them.
  We  sincerely hope that  our townsmen, in whose liberality and
sense of  right we have great confidence, may join us in rendering
the tribute to his merits and necessities which has elsewhere been
accorded to him, and Avhich we believe him to deserve.


                  University  of Pennsylvania.

   George B. Wood, m.d., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine.
   Hugh L. Hodge, m.d., Professor of Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women and
     Children.
   Joseph Carson, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy
   Robert E. Rogers, m.d., Professor of Chemistry.
   Joseph Leidy,  m. d., Professor of Anatomy. 
17
                  Jefferson  Medical  College.

Joseph Pancoast, m.d., Professor of General, Descriptive, and Surg. Anatomy.
Chas. D. Meigs, m.d., Professor of Obstetrics and Dis. of Women and Children.
Franklin Bache, m.d., Professor of Chemistry.
Samuel D. Gross, m.d., Professor of Institutes and Practice of Surgery.
T. D. Mitchell, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica and General Therapeutics.
Samuel H. Dickson, m.d- Professor of Practice of Medicine.
       Pennsylvania College. — Medical Department.

B. Howard Rand, m.d., Professor of Chemistry.
Henry Hartshorne, m.d., Professor of Practice of Medicine.
Lewis D. Harlow, m.d., Professor of Obstetrics, &c.
William S. Halsey, m.d., Professor of Surgery.
William Hembel Taggart, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica.
James Aitken Meigs, m.d., Professor of Institutes of Medicine.
William H. Gobrecht, m.d., Professor of Anatomy.
                       Pennsylvania Hospital.

William W. Gerhard, m.d., Physician.    Joseph Pancoast, m.d.,   Surgeon.
James J. Levick, m.d.,         "         Edward Peace, m.d.,        "
John Forsyth Meigs, m.d.,     "         Edward Hartshorne, m.d.,  "
Francis G. Smith, m.d.,        "


                       Philadelphia Hospital.

S. D. Gross, m.d., Surgeon.                C. Pendleton Tutt, m.d., Physician.
D. H. Agnew, m.d.,   "                  John Wiltbank, m.d.,
R. J. Levis, m.d.,     "                  K- A. F. Penrose, m.d.
R. S. Kenderdine, m.d., Surgeon.          Lewis D. Harlow, m.d.,
William Mayburry, m.d., Physician.       William D. Stroud, m.d.,
J. L. Ludlow, m.d.,           "          J. Da Costa, m.d.,            "
                           Wills Hospital.

S. Littell, m.d., Surgeon.                 S. L. Hollingsworth, m.d., Physician.
Addinell Hewson, m.d., Surgeon.          John J. Reese, m.d.,
T. G. Morton, m.d.,         "            James J. Levick, m.d.,
William Hunt, m.d.,        "            A. Douglass Hall,


               Episcopal Hospital  of  Philadelphia.

J C Morris, m.d., Physician.             William Hunt, m.d.,  Surgeon.
H. Hartshorne, m.d.,  »                 H. E. Drayton, m.d., .   "
J. Da Costa, m.d.,     "                 R. S. Kenderdine, m.d.^
Wm. Mayburry, m.d., " 
18
              Charity Hospital of Philadelphia.

P. B. Goddard, m.d., Surgery.
William H. Pancoast, m.d., Surgery.
Z. Ring Jones, m.d., Eye, Ear, and Urinary Organs.
H. St. Clair Ash, m.d., Diseases of Children.                              '
Burroughs Price,  m.d., Diseases of Digestive Organs,  Brain,  and Nervous
  System.
A. W. Griffiths, m.d., Obstetrics.
Alexander C. Hart, m.d., Diseases of Women.
W. E. Weatherly, m.d., Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
S. Updegrove, m.d., Diseases of the Skin.
J. L. Ludlow, m.d., Fevers and General Diseases.
              St.  Joseph's Hospital of Philadelphia.

WrLLiAM V. Keating, m.d., Physician.      J. H. B. M'Clellan, m.d., Surgeon.
S. Weir Mitchell, m.d.,       "         Wm. Byrd Page, m.d.,       "
William Keller, m.d.,         "         John H. Brinton, m. d.,      "
A. Bournonville, m.d., Obstetrician.       Joseph Leidy, m.d., Pathologist.
               Children's  Hospital of Philadelphia.

Wm. Pepper, m.d., Consulting Physician.    Wm. R. Dunton, m d., Attending Phy.
John F. Meigs, m.d.,        "             R. A. F. Penrose, m.d.,       "
F. W. Lewis, m.d., Attending Physician.    T. H. Bache, m.d,            "
Pennsylvania Hospital for the  Insane.

Thomas S. Kirkbride, m.d., Physician in Chief.
Edward A. Smith, m.d., Resident Physician.
City  Hospital of Philadelphia.

          John Bell, m.d.


     Moyamensing Prison.

      Henry Yale Smith, m.d.
   Board of  Health.

P. B. Goddard, m.d., President. 
19
                Howard Hospital.

S. D. Gross, m.d., i  „
D. D. Clark, m.d., j  Gcneral and Special SurSei7-
J. A. Meigs, m.d., Diseases o*f the Chest.
J. Klapp, m.d., Diseases of Digestive Organs.
0. A. Judson, m.d., Diseases of the Skin.
G. R. Morehouse, m.d., Diseases of Brain and Nervous System.
W Darrach, m.d., Fevers.
E. McClellan, m.d., Diseases of Females.
Charles Neff, m.d., Diseases of the Urinary Organs.
College of Physicians of Philadelphia.

      GEORGE B. WOOD, m.d., President.
 Franklin Bache, m.d., Vice-President.
 Edward Hartshorne, m.d., Secretary.
 J. Rodman Paul, m.d., Treasurer.
 John Bell, m.d.
 Hugh L. Hodge, m.d.
 Charles D. Meigs, m.d.
 R. La Roche, m.d.
 Benjamin Hornor Coates, m.d.
 Lewis P. Gebhard, m.d.
 William Darrach, m.d.
 Theophilus E. Beesley, m.d.
 William W. Gerhard, m.d.
 Joseph Pancoast, m.d.
 D. Francis Condie, m.d.
 Squire Littell, m.d.
 Anthony Bournonville, m.d.
 Joseph Carson, m.d.
 Thomas S. Kirkbride, m.d.
 Francis West, m.d.
 Edward Peace, m.d.
 William Pepper, m.d.
 David C Skerrett, m.d.
 John D. Griscom, m.d.
 Paul Beck Goddard, m.d.
 Alfred Stille, m.d.
 John J. Reese, m.d.
 John Forsyth  Meigs, m.d.
 Lewis Rodman, m.d.
 Francis G. Smith, m.d.
 Washington L. Atlee, m.d.
John Neill, m.d.
 Samuel D. Gross, m.d.
Anthony E. Stocker, m.d.
Gouverneur Emerson, m.d.
Tames E. I.'iioads, m.d.
T. Stewardson, m.d.
E. Wallace, m. d.
Joseph Klapp, m.d.
Samuel L. Hollingsworth, m.d.
John L. Ludlow, m.d.
John H. B. M'Clellan, m.d.
William V. Keating, m.d.
D. Paul Lajus, m.d.
Thomas S. Reed, m.d.
Richard II. Townsend, m.d.
Isaac Remington, m.d.
John B. Biddle, m.d.
Henry E. Drayton, m.d.
Caspar Morris, m.d.
James J. Levick, m.d.
Joseph Leidy, m.d.
Wilson Jewell, m,d.
Henry Hartshorne, m.d.
William Keller, m.d.
William Mayburry, m.d.
Thomas Hewson Baciie, m.d.
James V. Emlen, m.d.
Joseph Hopkinson, m.d.
William II. Hooper, m.d.
Addinell Hewson, m.d.
David Gilbert, m.d.
B. Howard Rand, m.d.
William Hunt, m.d.
R. A. F. Penrose, m.d.
William H. Gobrecht, m.d.
William D."Stroud, m.d.
Nathan L. Hatfield, m.d.
S. Weir Mitchell, m.d.
John H. Brinton, m.d.
Francis W. Lewis, m.d,
Samuel Lewis, m.d.
T. DlLLARD, M.D.
G. H. ROBINETT, M.D.
S. C. Brincicle, m.d. 
                   20


Philadelphia County Medical  Society.

    ISAAC REMINGTON, m.d., President.
David Gilbert, m.d., Vice-President.
Joseph Carson, m.d.,     "
W. B. Atkinson, m.d., Secretary.
S. D. Gross, m.d.
D. Francis Condie, m.d.
Wilson Jewell, m.d.
Joseph Pancoast, m.d.
Charles 1). Meigs, m.d.
P. E. Rogers, m.d.
Edward Peace, m.d.
John Bell, m.d.
S. Littell, m.d.
W. W. Gerhard, m.d.
D. Paul Lajus, m.d.
Addinell Hewson, m.d.
J. II. B. M' Clellan, m.d.
A. Nebincer, m.d.
I). D. Clark, m.d.
E. Ward, m.d.
S. Weir Mitchell, m.d.
J. Cheston Morris, m.d.
R. H. TOWNSEND, M.D.
T. M. Drysdale, m.d.
William D. Stroud, m.d.
Anthony Bournonville, m.d.
W. K. Gilbert, m.d.
THEorniLUs E. Beesley, m.d.
R. S. Kenderdine, m.d.     i
C. F. WlTTIG, M.D.
J. IL Haskell, m.d.
Kobert Q. Shelmerdine, m.d.
Robert C. Shelmerdine,  m.d.
J. Henry Smaltz, m.d.
Levi Curtis, m.d.
Samuel B. Wylie Mitchell, m.d.
IIdwakd Maris, m.d.
Augustus C. Bournonville, m.d.
J. G. Hunt, m.d.
James V. Emlen, m.d.
George B. Wood, m.d.
Franklin Bache, m.d.
N. L. Hatfield, m.d.
Alfred Stille, m.d.
William V. Keating, m.d.
Hugh L. Hodge, m.d.
Joseph Leidy, m.d.
Henry Hartshone, m.d.
William Pepper, m.d.
Paul B. Goddard, m.d.
B. H. Coates, m.d.
M. M. Levis, m.d.
Francis West, m.d.
Lewis D. Harlow, m.d.
Lewis Rodman, m.d.
James Aitken Meigs, m.d.
John Rodman Paul, m.d.
William Hunt, m.d.
D. Hayes Agnew, m.d.
R. J. Levis, m.d.
E. B. Shapleigii, m.d.
John Knorr, m.d.
William Harris, m.d.
John Wiltbank, m.d.
W. H. Gobrecht, m.d.
Samuel Jackson, m.d.
A. Owen Stille, m.d.
William D. Hoyt, m.d.
George J.  Ziegler, m.d.
Washington L. Atlee, m.d.
William Curran, m.d.
W. Darrach, m.d.
James J. Levick, m.d.
J. Forsyth Meigs, m.d.
Wm. H. Hooper, m.d.
Thomas Hewson Bache, m.d.
John D. Geiscom, m.d.
E. Boylston Jackson, m.d.
A. W. Griffiths, m.d.
Joseph Klapp, m.d.
Owen Osler, m.d.
Philip De Young, m.d.
J. F. Bird, m.d.
R. H. Lee, m.d.
Colin Arrott, m.d.
W. Keller, m.d.
H. Evans,  m.d.
Preston W. Russell, m.d.
John S. Rohrer, m.d.
G. Emerson, m.d.
Charles Neff, m.d.
D. C. Skerrett,  m.d.
Wm. Notson, m.d.
/ 
21
John Wm. Jones, m.d.
F. Scoffin, M.D.
A. S. M'Murray, m.d.
W. H. Gtllingham, m.d.
Henry Yale Smith, m.d.
T. Stanton Crowly, m.d.
A. H. Fish, m.d.
B. H. Deacon, m.d.
Wm. J. Fleming, m.d.
E. M'Clellan, m.d.
L. P. Gebhard, m.d.
Wm. F. Patterson, m.d.
Wm. Clendaniel,  m.d.
Andrew Cheeseman, m.d.
James N. Patterson, m.d.
Joseph Heritage, m.d.
J. Hershey, m.d.
Wm. Byrd Page, m.d.
0. J. Wisteb, M.D.
W. N. Johnson, m.d.
E. F. Leake, m.d.
A. L. Kennedy, m.d.
J. M. Corse, m.d.
Abraham Helffenstein, m.d.
R. W. I'ichie, M.D.
A. Fricke, m.d.
Wm. Ashmead, m.d.
John F. Lamb,  m.o.
H. D. Benner, m.d.
W. S. Forbes, m.d.
Winthrop Sergeant, m.d.
S. C. Huston, m.d.
J. Hughes, m.d.
E. SCHOLFIELD, M.D.
Northern  Medical  Association.

 JOSEPH R. BRYAN, m.d., President.
L. P. Gebhard, m.d., Vice-President.
Wm. B. Atkinson, m.d., Secretary.
Wm. Mayburry, m.d., Corr. Secretary.
J. Henry Smaltz, m.d., Treasurer.
N. L. Hatfteld, m.d.
R. H. Townsend, m.d.
J. J. Woodward, m.d.
A. M. Slocum, m.d.
John Rheln, m.d.
A. C. Bournonville, m.d.
J. M. Eagleton, m.d.
L. Curtis, m.d.
Owen Osler, m.d.
T. W. Craige, m.d.
Theo. A. Demme, m.d.
J. S. Hill, m.d.
S. N. Troth, m.d.
L. S. Somers, M.D,
D. Gilbert, m.d.
R. S. Kenderdine, m.d.
R. Q. Shelmerdine, m.d.
M. M. Levis, m.d.
L. D. Harlow, m.d.
R. J. Levis, m.d.
W. L. Atlee, m.d.
C. WlTTIG, M.D.
S. Updegrove, m.d.
B. Price, m.d.
       Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania.

                  D. F.  C0NDIE, m.d., President.


               Philadelphia Medical Society.
B. La Roche, m.d., President.           John Neill, m.d., Vice-President.
                   A. E. Stocker, m.d., Secretary.
           Pathological  Society  of Philadelphia.

A. Sxtlle, m.d., President.              E. Hartshorne, m.d., Vice-Pres.
B. La Roche, m.d., Vice-President.       J. Da Costa, m.d., Secretary.
                 John K. Kane, Assistant Secretary. 
22
Biological Department of the  Academy of  Natural  Sciences
                         of  Philadelphia.
     Joseph Leidy, m.d., President.        W. F. Atlee, m.d., Recorder.
Profession at  Large.
C. P. Turner, m.d.
0. A. Judson, M.D.
l. d. bodder, m.d.
John Gegan, m.d.
Samuel Tucker, m.d.
Andrew J. Smiley, m.d.
C. S. Wurts, M.D.
James W. Bacon, m.d.
J. R. McClurg, m.d.
E. Shippen, m.d.
W. S. Shippen, m.d.
C. S. Bishop, m.d.
Alexander C. Hart, m.d.
G. J. Chamberlain, m.d.
James Darrach, m.d.
A. C. Deakyne, m.d.
Morris J. Ascu, m.d.
W. N. Handy, m.d.
N. C. Reid, m.d.
William Graham, m.d.
John H. Brinton, m.d.
Robert Bolling, m.d.
William M. Breed, m.d.
E. L. Carter, m.d.
Edward A. Spooner, m,d.
George B. Morehouse, m.d.
Samuel H. Ashton, m.d.
Jas. D. Mundy, m.d.
C P. La Roche, m.d.
W. Moss, m.d.
J. K. T. Van Pelt, m.d.
J. M. Boisnot, m.d.
J. C. Cooper, m.d.
S. H. Horner, m. d.
David Burpee, m.d.
A. Pennebaker, m.d.
E. S. Sharp, m.d.
George Spaceman, m.d.
Robert Foster, m.d.
Edwin Fussell, m.d.
William Gregg, m.d.
Samuel P. Brown, m.d. 
PROCEEDINGS
    AT A MEETING OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF NEW YORK.

  A meeting of the medical gentlemen, interested in raising a national tes-
timonial for the benefit of the discoverer of Anaesthesia, was held at the resi-
dence of Dr. \Villard Parker, New York.
  The hour for organization having arrived, Dr. Parker addressed the meet-
ing, explained its objects, and proposed for President Dr. Joseph M. Smith,
which nomination, having been seconded, was voted  upon and carried.  Dr.
Gurdon Buck was then elected Corresponding Secretary, and Drs. Bib-
bins and Thomas, Recording Secretaries.
  The meeting being now duly  organized, the  business of the evening  was
called for, and proceeded in this wise:—

  1. Dr. John  Watson   read  a  list of the  names of some of the most
prominent, benevolent, and wealthy  of the citizens  of New York, and pro-
posed that each gentleman present should  charge himself with visiting such
of them as he had most influence with, and raising as  large subscriptions as
possible to head the list.  This was acted  upon; a list of one hundred names
was read, and the duty of canvassing them assumed  by  various gentlemen
composing the meeting.
  2. Dr.  Buck moved that a committee of medical men  be appointed to
confer with  gentlemen out of the profession as to the most efficient  means for
accomplishing the end in view.   This was seconded by Dr. Parker,  and
carried.   On the Committee, the President then appointed

  Drs. John W. Francis,    Valentine Mott,     James R. Wood,
      Willard Parker,     James Minor,         Gurdon Buck,
      John Watson,       J. Marion Sims,       Jos. M. Smith ;

and upon motion of Dr. Sayre, the President was  added  to  it.   This com'
mittee, it was agreed, should meet at the house of Dr. Parker at an early
date.
  3. It was then  moved by Dr. Parker,  that a committee  of one selected
from the Medical Board of each public  charity of the city  and its vicinity
should be appointed to wait upon the Boards directing the various institutions,
and solicit donations in behalf of the object which has called us together this 
24
evening.  This motion was seconded by Dr. Watson,  and carried.
following appointments were then made by the Chair:—
The
Dr. Gurdon Buck .
    James R. Wood
    J. M. Carnochan
    Wm. II. Van Buren
    Benj. Ogden
    J. Moses  .
    J. M. Sims
    G. L. Elliott
    Elisha Harris
    T. F. Cock
    Hutchinson
    Ayres
    Fitch
    Dubois
    Garrisii  .
New York Hospital.
Bellevue     "
Emigrants'  "
St.  Vincent's "
St. Luke's   "
Jews'       "
 Women's    "
Child's      "
Quarantine  "
New York Lying-in Asylum.
Brooklyn City Hospital.
Long Island College Hospital.
 Colored Home Hospital.
New York Eye Infirmary.
New York Ophthalmic Hospital.
         **********
  4. It was moved by  Dr.  Watson, that the minutes of this meeting be
transmitted to Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton, by the Secretary, which was carried.

  No further business appearing, the meeting then adjourned.

                            JOSEPH M. SMITH, m.d., President.

  Gurdon Buck, m.d., Corresponding Secretary.
  T. Gaillard Thomas,  m.d., Recording Secretary. 
THE  NEW  YORK  APPEAL.
  The Medical  Profession have, from the earliest ages,  felt the
need of some safe and efficient agent for annulling pain.
  The ordinary anodynes, long in use, have never supplied this
deficiency, and  the various  new  agents  which, within the past
sixty or eighty years, have been substituted  for these, have, until
recently, proved either too dangerous or too unreliable to be em-
ployed in general practice.
  Wine and strong alcoholic drinks, given in such quantity as to
induce intoxication, were occasionally employed, even before the
commencement  of  the  present century,  for rendering  persons
insensible to the pair of snrgirnl opcvatnnr.   "With the same end
in view, some surget us, kdiiieuuxj tt o it te' .act, were in the habit
of exciting sudden fear, alarm, or astonishment, to divert the atten-
tion of their patients.  Others, again, resorted to the uncertain and
inexplicable influence of mesmerism.   Still  more  recently,  the
nitrous  oxide gas, administered by inhalation, has, as originally
suggested by Sir Humphry  Davy, been employed for producing
temporary loss of  consciousness.  But this,  too, after a fair trial,
has failed, and the  hopes founded upon it have proved nugatory
and delusive.   So  that, up  to this point, the want of a reliable
agent for rendering the human body insensible to pain—a want so
long felt, and to obviate which  so  many fruitless efforts had been
made, — was still to be supplied.   That want,  however, has since
been fully met.
  The first great triumph of placing in the hands of the profession
an agent capable of rendering the patient safely, and at will, utterly
insensible to the  stroke of the surgeon's knife, was  in detecting
and establishing by experiment the anaesthetic powers of sulphuric
ether.  For this discovery the world is indebted to Dr. Wm. T. G.
Morton, of Boston.
  Whatever may have  been the steps preliminary to this remark-
able discovery, Dr. Morton's  claim to it is  established beyond  all 
26
controversy, and his merit in  this respect, with those who have
taken the trouble to inform themselves on  the subject, can be no
longer a question of dispute.
  Nor can the importance  of his early investigations and experi-
ments under the guidance of Providence, in reference to the prop-
erties and uses of ether, be, at the present day, too highly estimated.
The introduction of this agent as an anaesthetic, and of the various
other agents of the same class—as chloroform, amyline, and the
like—to which this directly led, has done more for the mitigation
of human suffering  than any other discovery, with the exception,
perhaps, of vaccination, for which the world is indebted to medical
science in either ancient or modern times.
  The benefit derived from these newly discovered  agents is not
confined to the hardier procedures of operative surgery.  They are
now in hourly requisition in every quarter of the civilized world for
suspending all sense of suffering during the severest throes of child-
birth, for arresting convulsions, for relaxing spasms, for suspending
volition and overcoming muscular resistance during the reduction
of fractures and dislocations, for  allaying restlessness, wakefulness,
and  morbid  excitability; even  for  assuaging the pangs  of ap-
proaching dissolution,  not to speak of the  almost  innumerable
minor uses to which they are applied, as well in the  investigation
as in the treatment of disease.
  In view of these advantages from the use of anaesthetics, we feel
that  Dr.  Morton, the  first   to  demonstrate their  safety  and
efficiency, and to establish them in  general  practice, has conferred
a boon upon humanity as imperishable as it is  important, and one
of such a character as to entitle him to rank among the benefactors
of mankind.
  As  members of the medical profession in the city of New York,
and as physicians and  surgeons to the various hospitals and infirm-
aries in this city and its vicinity,  we therefore rejoice to learn that
a movement  has been commenced by our professional  brethren
and other gentlemen of Boston, to establish a national testimonial,
by voluntary subscriptions,  for the benefit of Dr. Morton.  In this
movement, after full  deliberation  and  consultation among  our-
selves, we are ready to participate in accordance with  the plan of
those who originated  it, which plan is set forth by the gentlemen
of Boston in the following terms :—
  We propose that a national subscription be instituted, the avails
of which shall be paid into the hands of Amos A. Lawrence and
John Lowell,  Esquires,  as  Trustees,—to  be  held, appropri- 
27
ated,  and  invested upon such trusts,  and  for such  uses, for the
benefit of Dr. Morton, as the Trustees may determine.
  Under governments  more arbitrary  and restrictive than  our
own,  but  more  capable of meeting  the claims of science, the
awards of merit  are not usually left, as with  us, to the bounty of
private  individuals.  Discoveries and improvements of infinitely
less importance to science or humanity, than that for which we are
indebted to Dr. Morton, are at the courts of Europe promptly met
by national honors and emoluments.
  In our own country, it is true, the National Government,  after
carefully investigating Dr. Morton's claims, has acknowledged the
benefit he  has conferred upon it, but has nevertheless failed, as yet,
to supply the recompense.
  With  these remarks, we  have the honor of recommending Dr.
Morton's claims for remuneration  to the consideration  of our
fellow-citizens, and of soliciting their subscriptions in behalf of the
fund which it is proposed to raise for his benefit.
  What  the Government in  this  respect has failed  to do, it is to
be hoped, for the credit of the American  name, and from the noble
individual  examples already set, that the  discerning and liberal
people of the United States will not leave entirely unaccomplished.
             PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
Of the New York Hospital and Bloomingdale Asylum.
Thos. Cock, m.d., Consulting Physician.
Jos. M. Smith, m.d., Attending Physician.
John H. Griscom, m.d.,     "
Henry D. Bulkley, m.d.,   "
Thos. F. Cock, m.d.,
Valentine Mott, m.d., Cons'g Surgeon.
Alex. H. Stevens, m.d.,     "
Kichard K. Hoffman, m.d.  "
Alfred C. Post, m.d., Cons'g Surgeon.
Gurdon Buck, m.d., Attend. Surgeon.
John Watson, m.d.,      "
Thad. M. Halsted, m.d.,   "
Thos. M. Markoe, m.d.,   "
Wm. H. Van Buren, m.d.,  "
Willard Parker, m.d.,   "
                 PHYSICIANS  AND SURGEONS
Of Bellevue Hospital, and of the  other  Institutions under the
      charge of the Board of Governors of the Almshouse.
John W. Francis, m.d., Cons'g Physician.
Isaac Wood, m.d.,         "
K. W. McCready. m.d., Atten. Physician.
John T. Metcalfe, m.d.,   "
Isaac E. Taylor, m.d.,
B. Fordyce Barker, m.d.,  "
G-Eo. T. Elliott, m.d.,      "
Valentine Mott, m.d., Cons'g Surgeon.
Alex. II. Stevens, m.d., Con. Surgeon.
Jas. Pi. Wood, m.d., Attending Surgeon.
Chas. D. Smith, m.d.,
Lewis A. Layre, m.d.,
J. J. Crane, m.d.,
W. Parker, m.d.,
Stephen Smith, m.d., 
28'
              Nursery Hospital, BandalVs  Island.
            HENRY N. WHITTLESEY, m.d., Resident Physician.

               Quarantine Hospital,  Staten  Island.
       R. N. Thompson, m.d., Health Officer Port of New York.
       Theo. Watson,  m.d., Assistant Physician Quarantine Hospital.


                   BlackwelVs  Island Hospitals.
      (Penitentiary Hospital, Smallpox Hospital, and Almshouse.)
             WILLIAM H. SANGER, m.d., Resident Physician.

                  PHYSICIANS  AND   SURGEONS.

                   New  York Lunatic Asylum.
                  M. H.  RANNEY,  Resident  Physician.

                Of  the  State Emigrant Asylum.
J. M. Carnochan, m.d.,  Sur.-in-Chief.      Henry B. Fay, m.d., Phys-in-Chief.
T. C. Selden, m.d., Surgeon.             Francis Simrock, m.d., Physician.
H. Guleke, m.d.,     "                 G. Ford, m.d.,

                       St.  Vincent's Hospital.
Thos. E- Burtsell, m.d., At'g Physician.   Alex. B. Mott, m.d., Attend. Surgeon.
James O'Rorke, m.d.,      "            Thos. C. Finnell, m.d.,     "
Wm. H. Van Buren, m.d., At'g Surgeon.

                        St. Luke's Hospital.
                  D.  E. EIGLNBRODT, Resident Physician.

                           Jews'' Hospital.
V. Mott, m.d., Consulting Surgeon.        J. Moses, m.d., Attending Surgeon.
W. Parker, m.d.,       "              C. R. Gilman, m.d., Attend. Physician.
T. M. Markoe, m.d., Attending Surgeon.   W. H. Maxwell, m.d.,    "
Alex. B. Mott, m.d.,        "

                     New  York Eye  Infirmary.
A. Dubois, m.d.,        Surgeon.        C. R. Agnew, m.d., Surgeon.
Gurdon Buck, m.d.,       "           F. J. Bumstead, m.d., Assist. Surgeon.
T. M. Halsted, m.d.,       "           J. H. Hlnton, m.d.,        "

                  New  York Ophthalmic Hospital.
Mark Stephenson, m.d., Surgeon.         John P. Garrish, m.d., Surgeon.

                       Colored Home Hospital.
 G. A. Sabine, m.d., Consult'g Surgeon.      J. S.  Thebaud, m.d., Consult. Surgeon.
 W. Parker, m.d.,         "            J. D. Fitch, m.d., Resident Physician. 
29
                          Women's Hospital.
                     J. MARION SIMS, m.d.,  Surgeon.

                   New  York Lying-in  Asylum.
T. F. Cock, m.d., Consulting Physician.    G. T. Elliott, m.d., Con. Physician.
J. T. Metcalfe, m.d.,     "

                    Nursery and Child's Hospital.
G. T. Elliott, m.d., Attending Physician.
H. C. Cox, m.d.,      "       "
Geo. A. Peters, m.d., Attending Phys.
F. U. Johnston, m.d.,      "     "
Demilt  Dispensary.
Jno. 0. Bronson, m.d., House Physician.
Wm. B. Bibbins, m.d., Visiting Phys'n.
D. L. Conant, m.d., Attending Surgeon.
T. G. Thomas, m.d., Attending Phys'n.
Gouv. M. Smith, m.d.,   "      "
I. Cummings, m.d., Ass't Visit'g Phys.
W. R. Donaghe, m.d., Attending Surg.
Elisha Harris, m.d., Attending Phya.
Jno. A. Bartholf, m.d.,  "      "
New  York Academy  of Medicine.
    J.  F. Batcheldeb, m.d., President.
John Watson, m.d., Vice-President.
W. H. Van Buren, m.d.,      "
S. Conant Foster, m.d.,      "
C E. Isaacs, m.d.,           "
C T. Heywood, m.d., Recording Sec'y.
S. T. Hubbard, m.d., Dom. Cor. Sec'y.
Jas. 0. Tond, m.d, Treasurer.
Samuel Rotten, m.d., Librarian.
W. W. Blakeman, m.d.,  Trustee.
Ed. L. Beadle, m.d.,         "
Benj. Ogden. m.d.,          "
F. U. Johnston, m.d.Assistant Secretary.
B. F. Barker, m.d.,  Resident Fellow.
Gurdon Buck, m.d.,         "
h. d. bulkley, m.d.,         "
F. J. Bumstead, m.d.,         "
Thos. Cock, m.d.,            "
Thos. F. Cock, m.d,         "
J. J. Crane, m.d.,            "
Geo. T. Elliott, m.d.,        "
T. C. Finnell, m.d.,         "
J. W. Francis, m.d.,         "
J. P. Garrisii, m.d.,         "
C. R. GlLMAN, M.D.,          "
J. H. Griscom, m.d.,         "
T. M. Halsted, m.d,         "
E. Harris, m.d.,
J. H. Hinton, m.d.,          "
Isaac Wood, m.d., Resident Fellow.
J. R. Wood, m.d.,            "
Jas. Anderson, m.d.,         "
E. Acosta, m.d.,             *•
E. H. Davis, m.d.,            •'
A. K. Gardner, m.d.,        "
Ed. Delafleld, m.d.,        u
Joel Foster, m.d.,           "
J. C. Beales, m.d.,           "
R. W. Barry,  m.d.,          "
H. W. Brown, m.d.,          "
J. C. Forrester, m.d.,       m
H. S. Downs, m.d.,           «*
F. S. Edwards, md.,         "
F. Elliott, m.d.             "
R. Pennell, m.d.,            "
T. W. Richards, m.d.,        "
A. Underhill, m.d.,          "
Jos. Wooster, m.d.,          "
J. W. S. GOULEY, M.D.,       "
E. H. Janes, m.d.,            "
C. Henschel, m.d.,          "
A. Gescheidt,  m.d.,          "
A. N. GUNN, M.D.,            "
Wm. H. Maxwell, m.d.,
E. Hall, m.d.,
Jarf.d Linsley, m.d.,         "
John McClelland, m.d.,     " 
30
E. Lee Jones, m.d.,    Resident Fellow,   Wm. Minor, m.d.,    Resident Fellow,
B. W. McCready, m.d ,      "         Jos. Martin, m.d.,
W. Parker, m.d.,           "         J- W. Ranney, m.d.,
G. A. Sabine, m.d.,          "         John Priestley, m.d.,
L. A. Sayre, m.d.           "         Alex. H. Stevens, m.d.,
J. M. Sims, m.d.,            "         W. C. Livingston, m.d.,
C. D. Smith, m.d.,           "         Stephen Smith, m.d.,
M. Smith, m.d.,             "         Geo. Lewis, m.d.,
Mark Stephenson, m.d.,     "         Jas. D. Fitch, m.d.,
J. E. Taylor, m.d.,          "         Charles A. Budd, m.d.,
T. G. Thomas, m.d.,         "         N. C. Husted, m.d.,
W. H. Van Buren, m.d.,      "         Th's W. Horsfield, m.d.,    "


                     New  York Medical College.
Horace Green, m.d.,                  J. M. Carnochan, m.d., Prof, of Sur.
                President of Faculty.   H. G. Cox, m.d., Prof, of The. and Prac.
E. H. Davis, m.d., Prof, of Mat. Med.     E. R. Peaselee, m.d., Prof, of Physiol.
B. F. Barker, m.d., Prof, of Obstetrics.   Chas. A. Budd, m.d.,
R. Ogden Doremus, m.d.,                             Lecturer on Obstetrics.
              Professor of Chemistry.

                  New York Pathological Society.
E. R. Peaselee, m.d., President.         W. B. Bibbins, m.d., Treasurer.
E. Harris,  m.d., Vice-President.         T. C. Finnell, m.d., Curator.
E. Lee Jones, m.d., Secretary.

                       Brooklyn City Hospital.
James Crane, m.d., Attending Phys.     Daniel E. Kissam, Attending Surg.
H. S. Smith, m.d.        "    '  "       J. C Hutchinson,    "      "
George Cochran, m.d.  "      "       Jos. M. Minor, m.d.    '
C. E. Isaacs, m.d., Attending Surgeon.

                College of Physicians and Surgeons.
             Thomas Cock, m.d., President.
             Ed. Delafield, m.d., Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics.
             Willard Parker, m.d., Professor of Surgery.
             Joseph M. Smith, m.d., Professor of Materia Medica.
             C R.  Gilman, m.d., Professor  of Obstetrics.

                     University Medical College.
                Wm. H. Van Buren, m.d., Professor of Anatomy.
                Alfred C. Post, m.d., Professor of Surgery.
                J. T. Metcalfe, m.d., Professor of Practice. 
THE  BOSTON  APPEAL.
                         To the Public.

   The power of etheric vapors to produce a safe insensibility to
 pain  during surgical operations, and on  other occasions of great
 physical suffering, is  one  of the most  beneficent discoveries that
 has been conferred upon the human race. It is generally conceded
 that Dr. W. T. G. Morton, of Boston, was instrumental in pre-
 senting this fact to the world.  Nearly the whole  of the Medical
 Profession [see page 35 et seq.~] of this  city, in the midst of whom
 the discovery was made, together with  other bodies of competent
 persons,  who  have  investigated  its  origin, have, after careful
 scrutiny, concurred  in assigning this merit to Dr. Morton,—and
 public opinion has long since affirmed their verdict.
   It  is  not necessary to enter in detail into the circumstances
 which have prevented Dr. Morton from receiving any pecuniary
 benefit from this discovery.
   The fact is certain, that Dr. Morton has been an instrument,
 under Divine Providence, of introducing to the world one of the
 most  remarkable discoveries of this or any other  age, and that  he
 has received no  reward for it but the  consciousness of having
 done  so.
   We are sure that we interpret  the feeling of  thousands, when
 we say that a substantial national memorial should be presented
 to Dr. Morton.
   How often has the poor sufferer risen from beneath the surgeon's
 knife, with nerves  untouched by the  slightest  sensation of the
 torture that would otherwise  have been his!  How often  has the
mother  passed in unconscious slumber, through  " the perils of
 childbirth," to wake to her new happiness, without  one memory of
its agonies, and breathed, with the prayer of thanksgiving to God,
a thought  of him — to her,  perhaps, the unknown discoverer—
whose happy conception,  perseverance, and  courage, first estab-
lished the astonishing fact that the human frame  may suffer all the
                            31 
                               32:

conditions,  and  not one  of the sensations of pain!  What has
already occurred throughout the whole world, since this discoveiy
was made ;  in hospitals, in private chambers of the sick, on fields
of battle, on the  ocean,  and on  the land—wherever humanity
undergoes the "ills that  flesh is  heir  to,"—is  to  occur through
countless ages, while the race  is left upon earth!  And yet, year
rolls  after year,  and the  spontaneous  gratitude that is felt  and
uttered whenever  and  wherever  this  great discovery is used or
contemplated,  finds no  permanent voice, because  no efforts are
made to concentrate and direct it to its object.
  We propose that such efforts be now made.  We think that the
people of the United States, acting individually, should do what
their government has neglected, or been able to do.  National tes-
timonials, established by the voluntary contributions of individuals,
have been adopted in all  countries, to mark the public sense of
services to  the human family, especially when such services have
reflected honor and distinction upon the country where they have
been performed.
  We propose that a national subscription be instituted, the avails
of which shall be paid into the hands of Amos A. Lawrence  and
John  Lowell, Esquires,  as Trustees,—to be held, appropriated,
and invested upon  such  trusts, and for such uses, for the benefit of
Dr. Morton, as the Trustees may determine.
James J a ckson, m.d.
Jacob Bigelow, m.d.
s. d. townsend, m.d.
John Jeffries, m.d.
Edward Reynolds, m.d.
John Homans, m.d.
M. S. Perry, m.d.
0. W. Holmes, m.d.
John Ware, m.d.
George Hayward, m.d.
J. Mason Warren, m.d.
Henry J. Bigelow, m.d.
Charles G. Putnam, m.d.
Richard H. Dana, Jr., Esq.
Alexander H. Vinton, d.b.
S. K. Lothrop, D.D.
John B. Fitzpatrick,
     Bishop of Boston.
William H. Prescott, Historian.
N. Adams, d.d.
Hon. Rufus Choate.
Charles P. Curtis, Esq.
F. C. Loring, Esq.
Hon. G. S. Hillard.
Wblliam Dehon, Esq.
Benjamin Peirce,
     Professor Harvard University.
F. D. Huntington,  d.d.
Henry W. Longfellow,
     Professor Harvard University.
Jared Sparks,
     President Harvard University.
R. B. Forbes, Esq.
P. W. Chandler, Esq.
Alex. H. Rice, Mayor of Boston.
Hon. Robert C Winthrop. 
MEMORIAL
  MEMBERS  OF THE MASSACHUSETTS  MEDICAL  SOCIETY. '

  To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States in Congress assembled:

   The undersigned hereby testify to your honorable body, that in
 their opinion Dr. William T. G. Morton  first proved to the world
 that ether would produce insensibility to the pain of surgical opera-
 tions, and that it could be  used with safety.  In their opinion, his
 fellow-men owe  a  debt to  him  for  this  knowledge.   Wherefore
 they respectfully ask a recognition by  Congress of his services to
 his  country and mankind : —

 John C. Warren, m.d.,  Senior Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital, and late
      President  American Medical Society, and Emeritus Professor of Anatomy of
      Harvard University.
 George  Hayward, m.d., President Massachusetts Medical Society, and Surgeon
      Massachusetts General Hospital.
 J. Mason Warren, m.d., Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital.
 S. D. Towxsend, m.d.,      "              "          "
 S. Parkman, m.d.,         "              "          "
 Henry G. Bigelow, m.d., Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital, and Professor of
      Surgery, Harvard University.
 Henry G. Clark, m.d., Surgeon Massachusetts General Hospital, and City Phy-
      sician.
 Jacob  Bigelow, m.d., Professor Materia Medica Harvard University, and President
      of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,  and Physician  to Massachu-
      setts General Hospital.
 Oliver W. Holmes, m.d., Professor of Anatomy, Harvard University.
 Henry I. Bowditch, m.d., Physician Massachusetts General Hospital.
 D. Humphreys Storer, m.d.,  "         "           "
 M. S. Perry, m.d.,           "         "           "
 James Jackson, m.d.,
 George C. Shattuck, m.d.,     Consulting Physicians and Surgeons Massachusetts
 John Jeffries, m.d.,                       General Hospital.
 Edward Reynolds, m.d.,
 Edward Reynolds, m.d.  ]
 W. Hooper, m.d.         I   Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary.
 George A. Bethune, m.d.  J
John L. Fox, m.d., Surgeon United  States Navy, Chelsea Naval Hospital.
                                  33 
                         34


Members of  Massachusetts Medical Society.
Walter Channing,
John   1 Tomans,  President
  Suffolk District Medical
  Society.
Z. B. Adams,
John C. Hayden,
John Ware,
Ephraim Buck,
George Bartlett,
Jonas II. Lane,
Anson Hooker,
Henry Dyer,
Augustus A. Gould,
Charles Gordon,
Joseph S. Jones,
Samuel Kneeland, Jr.,
T. Fletcher Oakes,
George Hubbard,
Charles W. Moore,
Richard H. Salter,
Fvtche Edward Oliver,
William J. Dale,
William Edward  Coale,
James W. Stone,
B. W. Newell,
Francis A. Willard,
William Hawes,
Charles Mifflin,
J. Wippasne,
Abraham A. Watson,
Aaron P. Richardson,
Henry A. Ward,
William Bowen Moms,
James B. Gregorson,
William W. Morland,
M. C. Greene,
Horace Stacey,
Franklin F. Patch,
Samuel L. Abbott,
John H. Dix,
James Ayer,
Joseph J. Fales,
P. Wilbrand,
Ezra Bartlett,
S. F. Parcher,
James Hyndman,
Henry S. Lee,
.E. D. Cleveland,
John Stevens,
Ira W. Tobie,
J. Everett Herriok,
N. C. Stevens,
Enock C. Rolfe,
Henry Willard,
A. Alexander,
D. McGowan,
Thomas R. Owens,
Luther Clark,
Charles T. Hoffenvane,
Samuel Morrill,
Silas Durkee,
George Stevens Jones,
Jesse Chickering,
J. A. Tarbell,
George H. Lyman,
Henry W. Williams,
J. Randolph Lincoln,
George Derby,
Warren  J. Whitney,
Francis Minot,
D. D. Slade,
W. E. Townsend,
John B.  Alley,
George H. Gay,
Luther Parks, Jr.,
William G. Wheeler,
F. H. Gray,
James F. Harlow,
George Russell,
Charles E. Ware,
E. W. Blake,
Edward  H. Clark,
Samuel Gregg,
E. D. Miller,
C. G. Putnam,
Charles  A. Phelps.
John Odin, Jr.,
Joseph Reynolds,
George Hay ward, Jr.,
Henry Osgood Stone,
G. Newton Thomson,
J. M. Phipps,
Abner Phelps,
Josiah Curtis,
E. D. G. Palmer,
Daniel V. Folts,
R. L. Hinckley,
J. W. Hinckley,
M. B. Leonard,
P. E. Molloy,
Henry Bryant,
diaries E. Buckingham,
J. W. Warren, Jr.,
D. D. Smith,
George Tower,
William Read,
J. F.  W. Lane,
Const. B. O'Donnell, M. R.
   C. S. E.,
John S.  H. Fogg,
Edmund T. Eastman,
William S. Coffin,
John C. Sharp,
Alexander S. Butler,
Benjamin B. Appleton,
.M. Mattson,
David Thayer,
J. C. Sanborn,
E. A. Kittredge.

      CnARLESTOWN.
E.'E. Braun,
A. J. Bellows,
Benjamin Seabury,
George W. Otis, Jr.,
Charles H. Allen,
A. C. Webber,
L P. Alden,
 W. W. Wellington,
 H. L. Chase,
 Charles F. Foster,
 A. J. Cummings,
 Thomas J. Stevens,
 Hutchinson Germaine,
 Alexander Poole,
 James B. Forsyth,
 John Toomy.

        CHELSEA.
 William Ingalls, Physician
   and Surgeon U.  S. Ma-
   rine Hospital.

          SALEM.
 A. L. Peirson,
 William Mack,
 George Choate,
 William Henry Prince,
 J. G. Wood,
 James Stone, Jr.,
 E. B. Pierson,
 George C. S. Choate,
 George A. Perkins,
 H. Wheatland,
 Samuel Johnson,
 Edward A. Holyoke.

        TAUNTON.
 Alfred Baylies,
 H. B. Hubbard,
 Horace Bowen,
 Ebenezer Dawes,
 William Dickinson,
 Daniel King,
 George Leonard.

      NKWBURYPORT.
 E. Cross,
 S. M. Gale.

          LYNN.
 A. S. Adams,
 J. T. Galloupe,
 Daniel Perley,
 D. A. Johnson,
 E. Porter Eastman,
 James M.  Nye,
 John Benton,
 Nathaniel Ruggles,
 Charles M. Weeks,
 Edward Newhall.

       WORCESTER.
 Henry Clarke,
 Samuel Flagg,
 George A. Bates,
 Charles W. Whitcomb,
 Joseph Sargent,
 Oramel Martin,
I William Workman. 
35
Members of Massachusetts Medical Society—Continued.
Rufus Woodward,
Henry Sargent,
A. Goulet,
P. B. Mignoult,
Benjamin Heywood,
John E. Hathaway.

      SPRINGFIELD.
James M. Smith,
Edwin Seeger,
N. Adams,
A. S. McClean,
Alfred Lambert,
C. C. Chaffee,
H. A. Hamilton,
Henrv B. Vaille,
D. C. Perkins.

       PITTSFIELD.
H. H. Childs,  President of
  Berkshire  Medical Insti-
  tution.
N. S. Barnes,
0. S. Root,
Frank A. Cady,
0. E. Brewster,
Nathaniel Foote,
Avery  William?,
A. N.' Allen,
L. F. Humeston,
Willard Clough,
Clark F. Hall,
N. J. Wilson.

     NEW BEDFORD.
T. S. Mayliew,
Johnson dark,
John H. Jennings,
William A. Gordon.
Elijah Colby,
C. D. Stickney,
John Howell  Mackie.
Paul Spooner.

      FALL  RIVER.
James W. Hartlv,
P. A. Smith,
Jerome Dwelly,
Foster Hooper,
E. T. Learned.
 John 0. Green,
 Henrv Whiting,
 J. P. Jewett,
 J. D. Pillsbury,
 Elisha Huntington,
 John W. Graves,
 Charles A. Sav  y,
 Joel Spalding,
 David Wells,
 Benjamin Skelon,
 II. Pillsbury,
 P. P. Campbell,
 L. B. Morse,
 Charles A. Davis,
 Plover G. Kittredge.
 Daniel Holt,
 Daniel Mowe,
 J. W. Scribuer.

       LAWRENCE.

 George W. Sanborn,
 William D. Lamb,
 David Dana,
 ). H. Morse.

     SOUTH ANDOVER
 James llowarth,
 W. H. Kimball.

        DUDHAM.
Jcremv Stimson,
 1). P."Wight,
 II. F. Spear.

       FITCHbUIG.

 Thos. R. Boute'le,
 Levi Pillsburv,
 T. \V. Wadsworth,
 W. M. Barrett,
 Henry M.  Linrad.

       PLYMOUTH.

Junes L. Hunt,
Winsiow  Warren,
Benjamin  Hubbard,
Timothy Gordon.
        HINGHAM.
Ezra Stephenson,
Robert T. P. Fiske.

         QUINCY.

Ebenezer Woodward,
William G. Pattee,
W. Goddard.

        DANVERS.
Andrew Nicholls,
Joseph Osgood,
David A. Grosvenor,
George Osgood.

      MARBLEHEAD.
James C. Briggs,
Chandler Flagg,
Daniel Gill.

       BEVERLY.
W. C. Boyden,
Charles Haddock,
Ingalls Kittredge.

      GLOUCESTER.
huac P. Smith,
U. H. Uildretli,
George \V. Smith.

       hockport.

Benjamin Haskell,
Lemuel Gott,
Oscar D. Abbott.
Henry Bigelow,
Cyrus K. Bartlet.

     FRAMINGHAM.

Simon Whitney,
Aliston W. Whitney.
Francis Leland,
Theodore 0. Cornish. 
HISTORICAL STATEMENT.
  The foregoing pages set forth in outline the fact that there is a
very general movement among the American people, inaugurated by
leading members of the profession in Boston, New York, and Phil-
adelphia, in behalf of one of the most  praiseworthy objects Avhich
can appeal to patrons of science or the  friends of humanity.  They
show that the noble work is at last undertaken, which for more
than twelve years has been neglected by Congress, to preserve the
shelter of a home for the family of a nation's benefactor, still living,
from the clamorous creditors to whom  it was pledged for debts  in-
curred in making and promulgating  a discovery which,  though
leaving the discoverer poor, has made  the whole  world his debtor,
and to place their future life beyond the chances and vicissitudes
of fortune, by the purchase of an annuity.
  The discovery made by Dr. Wm. T. G.  Morton, of Boston, of
the anaesthetic properties of sulphuric  ether, and the safety, cer-
tainty, and reliability of its effects in making the severest surgical
operations, childbirth, and other scenes and conditions of  physical
suffering, perfectly painless,  is a discovery already ranked by the
medical profession above that of vaccination by  Jenner, to whom
the English Parliament voted  large sums of money, and for whom
national testimonials were raised and medals struck in other na-
tions ;  a  discovery whose benefits are not confined to the subjuga-
tion of pain, but which are  continually unfolding in new  depart-
ments of the healing art.
  This national movement was with great propriety inaugurated
in Boston, the city where the discoverer lived and  practised his pro-
fession, and where the first  successful  painless surgical operation
was performed.  An organization to raise  a  national  testimonial
fund in his behalf, with trustees residing in Boston, and treasurers
in the principal cities in the United States, is already  established.
Though it has hardly passed beyond its inchoate period, it has en-
listed the energetic co-operation of some of the most eminent and
                              36 
37
patriotic persons  in  the Union.  All will learn with surprise  that
two hundred thousand  dollars will not more than  reimburse the
discoverer  of this anaesthetic agent for his outlays in making ex-
periments which  led to the discovery, in  establishing  its value,  in
compelling its acceptance by the world in spite of incredulity and
indifference, in establishing the priority of his claims over post facto
discoverers, and in applications to Congress to induce them to re-
imburse him for his actual expenditures.*
  A handsome beginning  for the collection of this sum has already
been  made,  though much remains to be  done.   The  fund has
received, as was most fitting, from the medical  institutions of Bos-
ton and vicinity, and from eminent and wealthy persons residing
in that scat of literature and science,  munificent subscriptions.
±<u\v York, too, represented in  the  same way  by her  medical in-
stitutions and her wealthy citizens, has shown  an equal  prompti-
tude in discharging this debt of honor, too long owing to a nation's
benefactor.
  Such is a brief and general statement of the objects to be accom-
plished, and the present state of the enterprise.
  It is not  necessary to argue at any great length for the character
or success  of this undertaking.  That would  be almost an insult
to the long list of men distinguished in  all the  professions, and
honorably known in commerce  or in the  more secluded walks of
private life, who now appeal to  the public at large to do justice  in
this matter.  To doubt its success, would be to challenge the sin-
cerity of the  great bulk of the medical profession in Massachusetts,
New York, and Philadelphia, who ask subscriptions to this fund;
would be to say that the world has gone back  in the present  cen-
tury, and that the justice given  to Jenner, who conquered small-
pox in the  last century, would  be denied to Morton, who may be
said to have  conquered pain in this.
  It may not be out of place, however, to recall here the universal
thrill of joy that was felt when it was first announced to the world
how the subtle spirit  of  ether  would almost  everywhere subdue
j tain, in the severest surgical operations, in the pangs of parturition,
in the numberless cases at the hospitals, on battle-fields in time of
war, in cottages "in piping times of peace," removing, as has been
well said, " half the primal curse,"  and  more  than justifying the
unstinted praise of the foregoing appeal of the medical profession
in New York, which says : —

  * Vide p. 449, "Trials  of a Public Benefactor," by N. P. Eice. J. B. Lippincott
& Co., Philadelphia. 
38
  " In view of these advantages from the use  of anaesthetics, we
feel that Dr. Morton — the  first to demonstrate their safety and
efficiency, and to establish them in general practice — has conferred
a boon upon humanity as unperishable as it is important, and one
of such a character as to entitle  him to rank  among the benefac-
tors of mankind."
  Neither is this the place or time to set forth as they deserve the
labors and the sufferings which Dr. Morton has undergone in the
twelve years which have succeeded his great discovery.  The story
of his wrongs, his patience, his perseverance,  his unconquerable
energy,  his poverty, his enthusiasm, his success in achieving an im-
perishable honor, and his failure  in obtaining the slightest emolu-
ment  for an invaluable discovery, which the world now freely and
daily  uses, has more than the interest of a  romance.*  They con-
stitute a record which, except it is ended by the success of the
movement  whose inauguration has been set forth in the foregoing
pages, will  stand a burning disgrace and scandal to the profession
and the world which have appropriated and used a discover}', and
left the  discoverer to starve.  Shall it be said that, through his
connection with  so great a benefaction to the  human  race1, Dr.
Morton is to be left unable to preserve to his children the paternal
acres  pledged in  securing it, unable to  educate his children, with-
out any adequate means of support, and, worse than all, unable to
secure for himself that quiet mode of life demanded by the ruined
health consequent upon his hazardous experiments, and upon living
in an  atmosphere of ether for so many months, and upon the labors
and sufferings which he underwent in  detecting and establishing
the anaesthetic properties of the sulphuric ether ?   These appel-
lants, therefore, now appeal  directly to  the  heart of  the country,
which rarely fails to disprove the heartless  maxim that " republics
are ungrateful,"  and which will  never  suffer a state  of things so
discreditable as that which we have briefly depicted, long to last.
  It is true that this mode of raising funds to consummate a simple
act of justice is laborious and tedious.   The present success of the
movement shows, however, that that is the only great objection,
and that individuals and institutions, and the country at laro-e, are
ready and anxious to discharge their obligations.  The " ether con-
troversy " has had the one good effect  of waking up the public to
the existence of those obligations.   The  sum  required to accom-
plish  the reimbursement and effect the  designs  of the appellants,
                 * See " Trials of a Public Benefactor." 
39
is, as we have  said, a large one, and its  collection by individual
contributions, over an extent of country so vast as ours, is one of
time; but  it will  derive an  additional  value as  coming  directly
from the people, and the zeal and energy with which it has been
entered upon by the profession in this city and elsewhere is  the
best augury of  success.  May it soon be impossible for one of  the
greatest benefactors of the human race who has appeared in this
century to say, " It were better for me, infinitely better for me and
my wife and children, better for me and them in  all respects, if I
had buried the secret  of the victory over pain in  my breast for-
ever, and suffered centuries to elapse  before it came forth to  the
knowledge of the world by some other hand, than to do as I did,
— hasten to make it known by all forms and modes of speech, and
at every risk of health,  property, and even life."

                [From the American Cyclopcedia, Vol. XL]
  MORTON, William Thomas Green, M. D., an American den*
tist, one of the claimants of the discovery of anaesthetics, born in
Charlton, Mass., Aug. 9, 1819.  His youth was passed upon his
father's farm.   Going to Boston at  the age of 17, he spent some
months in  a large publishing  house, and from this time to his ma-
jority,  he  alternated between  the counter and the school-room.
With no taste and little talent for trade, his mercantile career was
short and disastrous.  In 1840 he commenced the study of den-
tistry in Baltimore, and eighteen  months afterward  established
himself as a dentist in Boston.  Among other improvements intro-
duced by him was a new kind  of solder, by which  false teeth  are
fastened to gold plates, preventing galvanic action.  In order to
render his work complete, it was desirable that the roots of old
teeth should be removed;  as this was a tedious  and very painful
operation,  few  would submit to it,  and  there • seemed but little
prospect of the success of the  invention unless  he could devise
means to lessen the pain.  He  tried stimulants, even to  intoxica-
tion, opium, and magnetism, but in vain; still, the  idea possessed
his mind that  there must  be something to  produce the desired
effect, and he gave himself up seriously to its realization.   His lim-
ited amount of medical knowledge interfering with the prosecution
of his investigations, he entered his name as a medical student in
Boston in  1844.  About this time  the idea was suggested to him
in  a lecture at the college that sulphuric ether might be used to 
40
alleviate pain in his operations; he read such books on chemistry
as he could procure, and experimented on animals, but as yet with
little success.  During his attendance at the Medical College  and
hospital he was obliged to devote  all  his  spare time to his operat-
ing rooms  and dental laboratory,  where he displayed great inge-
nuity in the mechanical details of  his profession, and especially in
the manufacture of artificial teeth, which he prosecuted successfully
on a large scale.  From books and from lectures he  learned that
sulphuric ether could be inhaled in small quantities with some dis-
comfort, but that in large  amount it was dangerous.  After exper-
iments on himself, and satisfied of  its  safety, he administered it to
a man on Sept. 30, 1846, producing unconsciousness, during which
a firmly rooted  bicuspid  tooth was  painlessly  extracted.  After
numerous other  successful  experiments,  he  communicated their
result  to Dr. J. C. Warren, and  at his request  administered the
ether, at the Massachusetts General Hospital, to a man from whose
jaw was  removed a vascular tumor on Oct. 16, 1846, the  patient
remaining unconscious during the operation.  From this dates the
introduction into  general surgery of the discovery of  ethereal
anaesthesia.  Like all other great discoveries, however, it met with
the bitterest professional opposition;  the jealousy  of dentists, the
fears of physicians, and the scruples of theologians Avere  in many
cases arrayed against it, and various persons claimed to have sug-
gested it.  In order to protect himself against such opposition, to
secure a fair compensation for his expenditure  of time and money,
and to keep his discovery  within the hands of competent persons,
Dr. Morton obtained for it a patent, under the name of " letheon "
in Nov. 1846, in the United States, and in the following month in
England, offering, however, free rights to all charitable institutions
in all parts of the country.   Notwithstanding his generous offers
government appropriated his discovery to its use without compen-
sation.  Upon their first examination of the testimony, some of the
Paris academicians at first recognized Dr. Jackson as the discov-
erer ; but the committee of the academy awarded the Monthyon
prize of 5,000  francs to be equally  divided between  him and Dr.
Morton.   The latter declined to  receive this joint award, pro-
tested  against the decision of the  academy, and in 1852 received
the large gold medal, the Monthyon prize in medicine and surgery.
He underwent  an amount of persecution almost  unparalleled in
the annals of personal enmity, in private  and before Congress, his 
41
business was broken up, and his very house attached by the sheriff
tor debts ;  but his indomitable will and the encouragement of firm
and powerful friends enabled  him ever to maintain his claims to
the  discovery.  Belying upon the impartiality and generosity of
Congress for remuneration of his  labors, he had presented his first
memorial in Dec. 1846, upon  which the appointed committee  did
not report.   Strengthened by the testimonial inaugurated by the
trustees of the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1848, which
conceded to him the discovery of the power and safety of ether
in producing anaesthesia, he made a second application to Congress
in January, 1849; a  committee,  composed  entirely of physicians,
heard the evidence on both  sides, and reported that he was enti-
tled to  the  merit of the discovery; but on  account of the press
of business towards the  close  of  the  session, and on the eve of a
change in the administration, they deemed it unadvisable to recom-
mend any pecuniary remuneration.  Returning from Washington,
he made a  brief stay at Baltimore, where  he received the regular
title of M.  D. from Washington University.   In  December, 1851,
he made a  third and last appeal to Congress, and his memorial was
referred to a select committee; the report of the majority, after a
most elaborate investigation, awarded the honor  of the discovery
to Dr. Morton, and in April, 1852, the majority reported a bill ap-
propriating 8100,000 as a national testimonial for  his discovery, on
the condition that he should surrender his patent to the Govern-
ment.  This bill, on account of the excitement attending the then
approaching jDresidential  election,  was not  acted  upon, though
warmlyr approved by  several members  of the Cabinet, and urged
by members of Congress  ; having at last been brought before  the
Senate, as  an  amendment to  the army appropriation bill, it was
adopted.  In  1853, an amendment to the appropriation bill was
offered, granting 8100,000 to the  discoverer of practical anaesthe-
sia ;  after a warm debate, it passed the Senate, 20 to 23, but failed
in the House. In 1854, a similar bill was presented by Mr. Everett,"
which passed the Senate by 24 to 13, but was lost in the House.
Thus ended a struggle  of eight  years spent in vindicating  his
claims.   In  1854 Dr. Morton  attempted to obtain from the execu-
tive  a recognition of the validity of  his patent, supported by the
recommendation of 150 members  of Congress that the right to  use
his discovery be purchased for the public service, or that the Gov-
ernment respect its  own patent, and discontinue its  use.  After 
42
 two years' delay, the President informed him that whenever it was
 decided in the courts that the Government had violated his patent,
 it would pay.  At this  defeat his  creditors became importunate,
 and reduced him and his family to utter poverty; but in the win-
 ter of 1856-7 a plan for a national testimonial was instituted in
 Boston, encouraged by many of the principal physicians and mer-
 chants of that city.  In their appeal they give to him the credit
 of presenting to the -world the fact that a safe insensibility can lie
 produced by etheric vapors in the  following words: " Nearly the
 whole of the medical profession of this city, in the midst of whom
 the discovery was made, together with other bodies of competent
' persons who have investigated  its origin, have, after  careful scru-
 tiny, concurred in assigning this merit to Dr. Morton, and  public
 opinion has long since  affirmed their verdict."   In 1858 a similar
 appeal was made in New York, signed by the principal  medical
 men  of that city, from which the following is an extract: " For this
 discovery the world  is indebted to Dr. William T. G. Morton, of
 Boston.  Whatever  may have been the steps preliminary to this
 remarkable discovery, Dr. Morton's  claim  to it is  established be-
 yond all controversy, and his merit in this respect, with those who
 have taken the trouble to inform themselves on the  subject, can be
 no longer a question of dispute."  In 1860 the medical  profession
 of Philadelphia signed  a testimonial  of the same character, which
 says : " We believe the  practical originator of anaesthetic inhalation
 to be Dr. William T. G. Morton, of Boston, Mass.  We are con-
 vinced that he is the one who first resorted to ethereal inhalation
 for the purpose of producing insensibility to pain in a patient while
 undergoing  a  surgical operation, and that he is the one who first
 succeeded in effecting this result.  He was,  indisputably, the first
 to urge the anaesthetic  properties of the vapor of ether upon the
 attention of the medical profession, and thus succeeded in  estab-
 lishing the practice of anaesthetic inhalation."  In 1858, to save his
 home from the sheriff's sale for debt, he instituted a suit against a
 marine hospital surgeon for infringing his  patent, as suggested by
 the President, which was decided in his favor in the U. S.  Circuit
 Court. — See « Trials of a Public Benefactor," by Dr. Nathan P.
 Rice, (New York, 1859.) 
                                   Prom Harper's Monthly, Sept., 18G5.
                       ANESTHESIA.

  "I had a call from Dr. Morton this morning," said our Principal •
"he' 11 he here at chapel exercises to-morrow and will address  the
school."
  " And who is Dr. Morton?" I asked.
  I trust Dr. Morton will pardon my ignorance.  Let it  be remem-
bered in  extenuation of that ignorance that, when Dr. Morton began
his  experiments in Anaesthesia, I was a baby in long dresses ; that
the greater portion of my days, since I have been capable of taking
such a subject into my mind, has been  spent  in the  conning of
Davies's course  of Mathematics, Fasquelle's  French  books,  and
Anthon's Latin series.   Let it be remembered, furthermore, that I
am  not  a physician, neither a scientific man—only a woman.  Now
if I had ever  had a tooth  extracted, a tumor removed, or an  arm
amputated—if I had ever been indebted to Anaesthesia for salvation
from suffering otherwise inevitable, there would have been no need
I am sure, for me to inquire " Who is Dr. Morton ?"   But  having
had in  my lifetime no more formidable  dental instrument in my
mouth than some gentle finger and thumb to remove my  up-rooted
baby-teeth, having never seen a surgeon's knife, and having suffered
no more  serious operation than the removal with the familiar needle
of a splinter from an ulcerated thumb, I was ignorant, and I did in-
quire " Who is Dr. Morton?"
  " Dr. Morton is   ne of the Peace Commissioners from Jeff Davis,"
replied our Principal, facetiously, supposing my ignorance feigned.
  " Tell me who he is, for really I do not know."
  " Do not know !   I' m astonished.   You  ought to know—every
body ought to know.   He is the man who first  introduced ether as
an anaesthetic."
  Thoroughly ashamed by this time of my ignorance, I  finished my
coffee in silence.
  The following morning, though a great pile of uncorrected school-
girl's compositions lay on my writing-desk, I went to chapel to see
and hear the man whom every body ought to know.  On the stage,
by  the side  of the Principal, was seated  a man with a thoughtful,
perhaps  sad, face and an intelligent blue eye.  My curiosity and in-
terest were aroused: I was face to face with a man to whom the suf-
fering every where are indebted, and whose name  has been for a
quarter  of a   century ringing in two hemispheres, albeit  I had not 
44
remembered it.  Before me sat  a  discoverer, one  of that class to
which Columbus, and Harvey, and Jenner belonged.  I looked at
his head—well formed, his brow  broad, thoughtful.   Then I talked
with myself: " I wonder if his discovery was made by accident, or
was it the result of research, thought, and reasoning.  He must be
a wealthy man ; such a gift to the world should enrich the giver as
it doubtless  has.  I presume Congress has appropriated  something
handsome—ah! now I remember something about Dr. Morton, con-
cerning his  application to Congress after the battle of the Wilder-
ness for—"
  Here Dr. Morton was introduced  by  the Principal.   For fifty
minutes he  chained my attention.   It was  not  his polished style
that did the work, for Dr. Morton was not at all  times fluent, hesi-
tating, occasionally, for  a word, which, however, when secured was
forcible.  It was the eloquence of  truth; it was the story of a dis-
coverer, agitated by hopes and fears trembling but resolute, grop-
ing his way into a  mysterious, unexplored  country ;  the  story of
victory, of disappointments, of persecutions, told with simple pathos
by the  man who had seen and  felt it all.  Dr. Morton sketched
briefly  and  modestly the history  of  his great discovery, dwelling
no longer than was imperative upon the opposition and difficulties
against which he was forced to make  his way in the introduction of
ether, that Angel of Mercy, which has  brought  to the discoverer
alone of all the world—to use his thought—suffering instead of com-
fort.   I wish I could reproduce his remarks as I heard them that
morning, glowing with feeling.  So engaged did I  become with his
theme that I procured some documents relating to the discovery of
ether;  among others  "The Trials  of  a Public Benefactor," by Na-
than P. Rice, M. D., and the report of the Congressional Committee
on Military  Affairs  and Militia of  1863, to whom was referred Dr.
Morton's petition, asking compensation for the discovery and gift to
mankind  of a practical anaesthetic.   I have spent weeks in the ex-
amination of these  and other documents relating  to Dr. Morton's
discovery with an interest which few novels  have awakened in my
mind.   Amidst such a mass of interesting material  it  is difficult to
make a selection for a Magazine  article.   How, in such a space, can
there be presented  a  photograph of  a subject about which volumes
have been written ?
   In the year 1844,  while a student of the Massachusetts Medical
Hospital, Dr. Morton heard, among other lecturers of the Institution,
the eminent surgeon Dr. John C. Warren, allude to the means of pre-
venting pain.   Trials were made with all  the  agents  calculated to 
45
  accomplish that end; opiates and stimulants were given freely ;  and
  experiments  were made with  animal  magnetism  and nitrous oxyd
  or laughing gas, and he personally assisted in demonstrating the
  utility of these agents before the class of which he was a member.
  In the same year Dr. Morton heard a lecture on Cerebral Stimulants,
  embracing ether, from a professor of the college. Among the medici-
  nal uses  of  this substance was mentioned its relief  of toothache
  This being germane to his profossion—that of a dentist—it found a
  secure lodging in his mind.
    Having a patient a short  time after this who was suffering exces-
  sively from a tooth, Dr. Morton applied ether to the sensitive cavity;
  sealing it up, as it  is exceedingly volatile, with wax, repeating  the
  ap   nation once an  hour during the day.  On introducing the in-
  strument  in  search of a sensitive portion of the bone the patient
  exclaimed : " Doctor, I neither feel the instrument in the tooth nor
 your hand on my face, though I plainly see it in the looking-glass."
 The idea seized him " like a grasp of steel," to use his own  words,
 that if the influence of ether could be diffused over the system,  the
 pain of surgical operations might be relieved.  But how was this to
 be  accomplished ?  It was  obviously impossible  to  immerse the
 whole body in ether  as he had the tooth.
   From that day Morton began  an industrious examination of the
 character of ether.  He read  every thing on the subject within  his
 reach.   Each bit of information on this absorbing theme was hoarded
 with a miser's care.   He found that ether was ranked as  a poison;
 that Sir Benjamin  Brodie had given  it to guinea-pigs, and it had
 killed them ;  that a jar containing ether having been broken  in an
 apothecary's shop, a maid servant had died from inhaling the vapor;
 that medical  professors, both in America and Europe,  had pro-
 hibited the students taking it even for  amusement.   Morton ad-
 ministered  ether to  animals  and found that it did produce  death.
 From medical text-books  he learned  that ether may be  taken,  if
 deluted with atmospheric air, to  relieve the accidental inhalation of
 chlorine gas, and in several specified diseases ; that when inhaled it
 causes a succession of effects  analogous to those produced by laugh-
 ing  gas; that stupefaction generally ensues, while apoplectic con-
 ditions are sometimes induced.  Here  was definite and important
?-icr;v.ation :  ether in small quantities  could be inhaled  with safety,
 but  not  without  discomfort.   Morton  immediately commenced  a
 course of gradual experiments with the view of testing the question
 of the degree of  danger attending the inhalation of ether, and of
 the amount of tho vapor which could be safely taken into the lungs 
46
His  first experiment was to  place ether, with several  narcotics, as
morphine,  opium,  etc.,  in  a retort  surrounded  with  a  hot towel-
Then cautiously,  with an  anxious,  beating heart  he inhaled  the
vapor, little by little.  The result was severe headache, accompanied
by a numbness which increased as the inhalation progressed.
  In the spring of 1846 a student in Morton's laboratory informed
him that he had frequently inhaled pure unmixed ether, without
experiencing  any injurious effects from  its use.   Shortly after  this
information, Morton, desiring to ascertain all^that was to be known
concerning the character of ether, consulted a druggist and chemist
of Boston, who mentioned several  cases which had come under his
observation of persons  who had  taken  ether for its  exhilarating
effects; among others, he spoke  of a man who, being rendered wild
by  its inhalation,  had  severely injured his head,  who yet  knew
nothing of the injury, when  restored to  consciousness, until his at-
tention was called to it.   It  was the general  impression  that,  when
taken in large quantities, its effects would be dangerous and lasting,
if not fatal.
   Advanced on his way by this information, Morton  made several
experiments on animals.   Among the most satisfactory  was one in
which a water-spaniel was the subject.   The head of the  animal was
held over  cotton, saturated with pure ether, until the dog  sank to
the floor as dead, and for two or three minutes remained insensible
to kicks and pinches.   A slit was taken from his ear without evok-
ing any signs of pain.  Yet in three minutes the dog was bounding
upon his  master  with all his former life.  Now, for the first  time,
 Morton communicated  his hopes and faith to  his  brother-in-law,
 Francis Whitman; to Dr.  Hayden,  his  assistant; and to  his  legal
 adviser, JR. H. Dana, Jun.   This was in Jnne, 1846.
   In the  first real verification on  man  of Morton's theory he was
at once the operator and the subject.   His description  of this ex-
 periment, contained in his  memoir to  the Academy of Arts and
 Sciences  at Paris, which was presented  to  that Association  bv M.
 Arago, is  in the following language :

  " Taking the tube and flask, and seating myself in the operating-chair, I commenced
inhaling.  I found the ether so strong that it partially suffocated rne, but produced no
decided effect.  I then saturated my handkerchief, and inhaled it from that. I looked
 at my watch, and soon lost consciousness.  As I recovered, I felt a numbness in my
limbs, with a sensation like nightmare, and I would have given the world for some one
to come and arouse me.  I thought for a moment  I should die in that state, and the
world would only pity or ridicule my folly.  At length I felt a slight tingling of the
blood in the end ot my third finger, and made an effort to touch it with my thumb, but
without success.  At a second ellbrt I touched it, but there seemed to be no sensation.
 I gradually raised my arm and pinched my thigh, but I could perceive that sensation
 was imperfect.  I attempted  to raise from my chair, but fell back. Gradually ] re- 
47
gained power over my limbs, and full consciousness.  I immediately looked at mv
watch, and found that I had been insensible between seven and eight minutes. De-
lighted with the success of my expe riment, I immediately announced the result to per-
sons employed in my establishment, and waited impatiently for some one upon whom
I could make a fuller trial."

   Toward the evening of the same day Dr. Morton  heard  a timid
ring of his office door-bell—" such a ring," said  he, in addressing
our school,  " as one of you girls would give  as  you stood with a
throbbing tooth before a dentist's door, with his horrible instru-
ments gleaming before your mental vision."   The visitor proved to
be a  man, with  muffled head, who was suffering great pain from a
tooth which he wished to have extracted.  Shrinking from the opera-
tion, he inquired  anxiously of Dr. Morton if he could mesmerize.
 "  I did'nt exactly tell him that I could, neither did I say that I could
 not," said Dr. Morton; " for I was very anxious for a patient."  Dr.
 Morton saturated  his handkerchief with pure ether, and gave it to
 his  patient,  asking him  to breathe upon it.  Unquestioning as a
 child the latter obeyed, and almost immediately became unconscious,
 when,  while  Hayden held the lamp, Morton extracted a firmly-
 rooted  bicuspid tooth.  As it came out the patient turned as white
 as a sheet of paper, and slid from  the chair to the floor.  " I  never
 saw  a  body with  breath  in it look more like  a corpse,"  is Mor-
 ton's account.  Seconds seemed ages while his patient lay  there
 as in the embrace  of death.  A fearful dread seized his heart lest he
 might  have  sent  that soul into eternity.  With trembling hands,
 while the prespiration stood in great drops  on  his brow, Morton
 seized  his patient by the collar, raised him at aim's length, where
 he hung for a moment as  straight as a fish, when, losing his hold,
 the patient dropped  into the chair with a bound vrhich inflated  his
 lungs,  and started the circulation;  the color returned to his face,
 and  immediately he shouted " Glory!"   He  proved to be a good
 Methodist.   <: And I wanted  to cry ' Glory hallelujah ' with him,'
 said Dr. Morton ;  " there was not a dry thread  on me, I had been
 so thoroughly frightened, supposing he was  dead."  The date of
 this operation was September,  1846.
   From the very dawn of science it had been the earnest desire of
 the  medical profession to perform operations without pain.   And
 this desideratum  the most  eminent  surgeons were  despairing of
 attaining.   Wrote Yelpeau in 1839 : " To avoid pain  in  surgical
 operations is a chimera which it  is not^allowable to pursue at the
 the  present  day.   The  cutting instrument  and pain in  operative
 surgery are  two  things  which never  present themselves  singly in
 the mind of  the patient;  and  it becomes necessary for  surgeons to 
48'
admit the association."  Sir Benjamin Brodie, in a lecture at St-
George's Hospital,  as late as October,  1846,  said :  " There is no
greater  desideratum in surgery  and medicine than the means of
allaying bodily pain."  He then proceeds to express a doubt whether
that would ever  be found.  It is a singular  coincidence that Dr.
Morton, having discovered this desideratum, demonstrated its effi-
cacy within the  twenty-four  hours preceding the delivery of this
lecture.
  "He,"  says Sydney Smith, "is not the inventor or  discoverer
who first says a thing,  but  he who says it so long, loud, and clearly
that he compels mankind to hear him."   Morton was about to de-
monstrate that he was possesssed of the courage and persistence
which  Sydney Smith indicates as indispensable  characteristics of
the discoverer.  A man less brave would bave hesitated to prosecute
the subject.   Many  philosophers  and inquirers have brought their
investigations to a point as advanced as that which Morton had at-
tained,  and,  even,  when no risk was apparent in prosecuting the
subjects, have abandoned them to perish as unripe fruit.
  A timid man in Mortons's place would  have hesitated to proceed
against  the risks  involved.  " This man," he would have  argued,
" came out of that death-like  state ; will the next one ?  Is it safe,
on  this isolated  case, to create a general  theory ?  And if a man
should die under my hand, with all the  published facts regarding
the nature of ether against me,  I should be convicted of man-
slaughter.''   The thought  was enough to make a man  shrug  his
shoulders.
  But Morton did not  hesitate a moment at this point.  " All  the
world will be interested and will  rejoice with  me, and the medical
profession will be eager to welcome this new means of helping and
perfecting the healing art," he reasoned.   He was filled with  the
enthusiasm of the poet.  At an early hour the following morning,
after an exciting  night, he  called  upon his patient, Mr. Frost, and
found  him  whistling  merrily, and engaged  in cracker-making,
which proved to be his business.   " That' s a capital way you' ve got
of pulling out teeth, Doctor," he said.   " I shall send all my friends
to you."
  After a consultation  with his friend and assistant,  Hayden, Mor-
ton decided that some impressive experiments in  the presence of
witnesses and at the hands of surgeons should be made of the effects
of ether.  He decided  upon the Massachusetts General Hospital as
the place where, with the  permission of its  distinguished corps of
 surgeons, he would make his first public experiment in Anaesthesia. 
49
He therefore applied to  Dr. Warren, the senior surgeon,  then  in
charge of the hospital.  Morton  laid the whole matter before that
eminent surgeon, and though he failed to get any definite assurance
that he should be allowed the opportunity  of trying  his agent on
hospital patients, he did not leave without hope.
   Though  many successful experiments were performed within  the
next  fortnight it was fourteen days before Dr. Warren directed the
house surgeon to inform Morton that he would be permitted to  try
his discovery upon a patient at the hospital on the following Friday.
at ten o'clock.
   As the  time drew near for this test experiment the discoverer
grew painfully anxious, " hardly eating or sleeping," says a witness,
lest something should occur to render it unsuccessful.   He had
witnessed phenomena in different patients, which though  they  ex-
cite no anxiety whatever at  the present day, when the effects of
ether are familiar and understood, would, if they should occur upon
the hospital patient, lead the surgeons to interfere and remove  the
patient from his hands.  Night and day before the experiment was
to be made Morton  devoted himself to an  earnest investigation of
the subject, to  improvements in  his apparatus for  administering
ether, informing himself as to antitodes in case of unhappy results.
   The day and hour at  length arrived.  Morton, from a  delay in
the  completing of some modification of his apparatus for inhaling.
the agent,  was unavoidably behind the appointment by ten or fifteen
minutes.   Dr. Warren, having waited this length of time, then rose
and said, "As Dr. Morton has not arrived I presume he  has some
other engagement."
   The crowd  laughed, and Warren was preparing to  proceed with
the operation ; he raised his knife, the  door opened, and Morton,
the expected  experimenter,  appeared.  Being  especially  anxious
concerning his patient, his first glance was to  assure himself that
he was to  have a fair subject.  Then  he looked around upon  tho-
crowded amphitheatre.  Instead of a staff of surgeons, and a  few
students and medical men, who, he had supposed, might be present,
he found spectators from every profession.  And amidst that sea of
faces he saw not one which was sympathizing.   Blank incredulity.
or, at the best, curiosity alone was to be seen.   The focus of so many
expectant  eyes, trembling for the success of his experiment, know-
ing that in the event of its failure,  shame and hisses  awaited him,
for a moment he was confused almost to dizziness.  He was aroused
by Warren's abrupt " Well, Sir ! your patient is ready."   With a
beating heart he commenced the administration of ether.   Morton 
50
knew, absorbed as he was, that every sound among the spectators had
gradually ceased, and that they were regarding him and the patient
on the table with  breathless interest.   When at the end of five
minutes, the patient being quietly sleeping, he turned to announce
the fact to the operating surgeon, he found curiosity and incredulity
replaced in the faces of his spectators by astonishment and deepen-
ing interest.  Warren  brought his knife up carefully, as  though
afraid of frightening his patient!  Useless precaution !   That form
lying on that table of horror was as unconscious as the dead. There
was the plunge of  the knife and the crimson tide, the waiting as-
sistants with cords ready to pinion the struggling, frantic victim,
the listening ears, the shrinking hearts of the crowd, dreading the
shrieks as the relentless knife should do its work.  But there came
not a sound of pain;  there was not a movement of  the placid
features or the composed limbs.
  It seemed to Morton's impatient heart that the surgeon worked
with wonderful deliberation, and that the operation would never
be finished.  But  it did come  to an end ;  the patient gradually
regained his consciousness, and testified that he had felt no pain.
  " This was a proud  moment," says Dr. Bice,  " for the hitherto
unnoticed  dentist—the medical  student, previously undistin-
guished from any of his fellows.  Now was the practicability of
what  he had imagined fully and satisfactorily proved  to the
world;  and as he  stood there at that moment,  his breast swell-
ing with the honest pride of success, and his  brain giddy with
reaction  from the first excitement, he formed  the  cynosure of
the eyes of men of all ages and conditions, completely forgetful
of self in the excitement of the moment.  In the front were
grave and  dignified men, who, for a better view, had absolutely
placed themselves  upon their knees on the board floor.   On the
rows of benches above were mixed students and men of science
attracted -thither by the novelty of the announcement, grouped
in every imaginable position, all anxious and  breathless as they
had been while watching that small  group in  the center of the
room.  Soon, however, the spell was broken, and crowding
around him, they offered him their congratulations and besieged
him with questions."
  This first public demonstration of the anaesthetic power of
ether was made on the 16th day of October, 1846.  This experi-
ment was  immediately followed by others with entire success.
Many of the operations  were of a most interesting nature.  I
Fhall .be excused for introducing the following: "A patient had 
51
been committed to  the hospital with paralysis of the lower ex-
tremities.  It was decided to apply the actual cautery ;  a dozen
irons, heated to a white heat, were in readiness.  The patient
was thrown into an anaesthetic  state, and the heated irons, one
after the other, were drawn  up and down his back  in a zigzag
motion, with the smoke rising, and the skin crisping and crack-
ing like  a burning shingle;  and when they had been applied
nothing but a powdered mass, which was brushed from the back
with  the band, was left of the skin.   The patient indicated no
suffering, and testified, when he had come out of his anaesthetic
state, that his sensations had been those of  unmixed delight."
  It has been justly said that the first attitude of the world to-
ward  a great discovery is incredulity and  then hostility.   This
was cxemrjlified in  the reception by the medical facult}-, and by
medical and scientific journals, of the announcement of Morton's
discovery.  Many of the journals allowed weeks to elapse before
any notice was given on the subject.   Then it was noticed only
to be denounced as a "humbug," "a will-o'-the-wisp,"  "the
last special wonder," a something "which  would soon  descend
to the bottom of that great abyss  which had engulfed so many
of its  predecessor novelties."  "We should not consider it en-
titled  to the  least notice," said a  leading medical periodical of
Philadelphia; " but we perceive by a Boston journal that promi-
nent members of the profession have been caught in its meshes."
In Paris  the announcement of the discoveiy was  received with
almost indifference.  Yelpeau, Koux,  Magendie, and others
politely declined using the discovery.   The councils  of Zurich
prohibited the use of ether.  In November, 1847, more than a
year after the discovery, it had not been tried at all in the Penn-
sylvania Hospital, one of the largest on the continent; and dur-
ing that  year it is  known that several different  sermons were
preached against the use of ether.  " Pain," argued the divines,
"was the natural and  intended curse of the primal sin; there-
fore any attempt to do away with it  must be  wrong."  The
opposition of others was based upon the ground that pain is salu-
tary.   An eminent physiologist expressed a doubt whether there
was a true advantage in suppressing pain.   " It is a trivial mat-
ter," argued this Stoic, " to suffer ;  and a discovery whose object
is the prevention of pain is  of slight interest."  One could al-
most wish to  see such a man on the surgeon's table.
  Letters came pouring in upon Dr. Morton from all parts of the
civilized world, many reproaching  him with having  announced 
52
the claims of a humbug.  The Parisian academicians charged
him with having prematurely published his discovery.  " He
was besieged," says a witness, "by professional gentlemen, who
consumed his time by speculative doubts, questioning the accu-
racy of his experiments, and repeating the complaints of his  an-
tagonists."  And the new agent might be used for nefarious pur-
poses, it was objected.  The habit had sprung up of using ether
like opium for purposes of exhilaration and intoxication.  Burg-
lars were using it, etc., etc.   Accidents, moreover, resulted from
the use of ether in unskillful hands.  Objections were urged so
perfectly shallow that, but for the fact that every body seemed
eager to hurl a stone at the struggling discovery, they would
have been puffed away by the breath of public contempt.
  A most formidable opposition met the discoverer from his own
profession.  A  meeting  of Boston dentists was called, and a
committee of twelve appointed to make a formal protest against
anaesthesia.  This  organized opposition made an appeal to  the
public through the newspapers,  which carried  with ifc  great
weight, particularly as it professed to  give a large number of
instances in which experiments had failed or produced unfortu-
nate results.  Some affecting instances were cited in which young
ladies, having inhaled ether, left Dr. Morton's office delirious, in
which state they remained for days,  with bleeding at the lungsj
melancholy, etc.
  Prosecutions were threatened for administering ether.  A boy,
who had inhaled ether, swallowed some blood from his bleeding
gum, whence a  tooth 'had been removed.  Yomiting it up on his
return home, his physician was called, who, detecting the odor
of ether,  and knowing that  it was ranked among the poisons,
pronounced the boy poisoned.  -Bushing off, he entered a com-
plaint against  Morton.   With this  claimants for damages for
injury to health started up in all directions, and lawyers' letters
came pouring in upon him, threatening exposure and prosecu-
tion in case the claims were not settled.
  The opposition  and persecution  which met Dr. Morton at
every turn and  in every shape would have discouraged an ordi-
nary man.  He saw that he must fight or his discovery would
be strangled in its infancy.  Almost unaided he entered upon
the contest.  He  determined  to  appeal  from  physicians to
patients, from  the profession to the  public.  But the public
must be informed.
  By a Congressional report before me it appears that Morton 
53
had private resources  upon which he determined to draw, in
order to settle the struggle for the life of anaesthesia in the most
expeditious manner possible.  He procured several young phy-
sicians at a thousand dollars apiece, whom he instructed  in the
proper mode of administering ether, and sent them forth, armed
with this new agent, and the apparatus, which was then thought
necessary for its administration, to all parts of the United States,
and  to London,  Paris, and St. Petersburg.  He  enlarged, at
a heavy expense, his apartments, and converted  the whole into
a hospital, where operations, as he announced to the public, would
be performed free, nothing being asked of  the patients except
their certificates,  with the right to  use them- publicly.   He ex-
pended several thousand  dollars for the manufacture of pure
ether.   He offered to supply this to  the wounded in the Mexi-
can war for one cent per patient, but the offer was declined by
the Government at Washington.
  Wherever these drilled, carefully-instructed agents of Morton
approached hospital surgeons their reception was the same. The
inhalation of ether was dangerous, they said; the state produced
was asphyxia—a  partial arrest of the vital  process—and they
would not encourage their patients to walk along in this solemn
path, to make this  descent  into " the valley of the  shadow of
death," with the possibility that they might be unable to return.
  Morton then offered to  take his patients  from Boston, trans-
port them to the hospitals of other  cities,  and try the experi-
ments there.  This  proposition being accepted,  he procured  a
number of patients for fifty or a hundred dollars per head to go
with him to these cities and have bad teeth extracted.  After
fighting objections and  delays of various characters  from sur-
geons and patients, the indomitable doctor succeeded in perform-
ing a series of experiments which  the surgeons  acknowledged
successful.   Congratulating  himself upon this high testimony,
wrung from the profession, he hoped to be able to overcome the
most scrupulous when one  of those unfortunate incidents oc-
curred which  illustrates somewhat the difficulties which Mor-
ton found it necessary to remove.
  Ether was administered to a patient who, after a few inhala-
tions, died.   The surgeons intimated that  Morton must have
known the capriciousness of the agent, etc., etc.
  " I took," says Dr. Morton, " the first train for New York.  At
New Haven we met the New York train ; the boys were crying
the papers,  ' Death from Ether !'   I stole out of the  cars, pur- 
51
 chased a paper, and learned  that a patient had been sent to the
 hospital because she had terrible spasmodic pains  in the head;
 that an hour after entering a few inhalations of ether were ad-
 ministered  to her, when her nails turned dark, her lips purple,
 and she was dead.   < A clear case of death from ether,' said the
 surgeons as I arrived.  I said no, and  insisted on a post-mortem
 examination.  No, the body would be called for, consent of friends
 could not be had, etc.  With a bare hope that it might not be
 called for within the time prescribed by law I waited ;  but it was
 called for, and there was a dead lock  ; the case  was  spreading
 like fire over a prairie while my hands  were completely tied.  It
 was a State prison offense to procure  that body; but with the
 conviction that it was not ether that killed, and that the cause
 of the death could be ascertained on examination, I determined
 to run the risk.   The post-mortem examination had not continued
 an hour before there was found in the lower lobe of the brain a
 tumor about two-thirds the size of  a hen's egg, and resembling
 one  without the shell, showing that the tumor and not ether had
 caused the dealh."
   Many sudden deaths  are  on record from this cause, but  how
 was Morton to make use of this new-found truth to chase clown
 the lie that  was spreading with lightning speed ?   For obvious
 reasons he could  not make known  the means by which it  had
 been ascertained.  As soon as possible  he prepared a paper on
 the subject,  and spread  it before the  medical profession in all
 parts of the civilized world, and in every manner conceivable
 sought  to overcome the opposition.  So perfectly absorbed Vas
 he with this one business of  introducing ether, and so enormous
 was  the expense he incurred, that his friends  applied to court to
 have a conservator appointed over him.
  Time would fail me to  recapitulate the incredible efforts of this
 brave man to keep alive the spark of life in the infant  Hcr.ules.
 He made twenty-seven fruitless journeys to the hospitals of one
 city  for the  purpose of getting it tried  there.  He  published a
 weekly bulletin of the successful cases in  the  English, German
 and French  languages.   He secured the control of medical jour'
 nals, newspapers,  and editors.  For one article he paid sixteen
 hundred dollars.  According- to the sworn testimony  of R II
 Dana, Jun.,  " Dr. Morton hardly knew a full nights  rest  or a
 regular meal for three months."   "Letters," continued this  wit-
ness, "came pouring in upon Dr. Morton from all parts of the
 country  I  have seen ten bound volumes, containing about  two 
55
thousand letters, received by him on  this subject between Oc-
tober, 1846, and July, 1847. some of them coming from distant
lands and filled Avitk queries.   He was obliged to employ a secre-
tary to answer these communications ; to increase his accommo-
dations at  great expense.  His  dental business was neglected_
and he risked all, labored, expended health, time, and money on
his discovery.  He issued circulars giving detailed  accounts o*
the experiments, and kept a minute journal of events, experi-
ences, and  suggestions."
  After a time he began to  feel that  his courage and industry
were to have their  reward.  The  accumulated, resistless evi-
dence which  he rolled upon the world  began to make itself felt.
The foreign surgeons were finally induced to make new experi-
ments, and were successful.   The theatres of hospitals became
the scenes  of operative display before distinguished surgeons,
princes, and  crowned heads, and  the daily press teemed with
the proceedings.   The London journals hailed it " as the great
American discovery," congratulated their transatlantic breth-
ren upon the laurel wreath with which it crowned their country,
and counseled that the joyous tidings should be spread through
the lands and winged across the seas.
  Morton  soon  found himself overwhelmed by inquiries  from
persons desiring to ascertain if they were of the class who could
safely take ether.   But  all  were  not selfish who  called and
wrote.  Letters of congratulation clogged his letter-box, and he
began to receive the warm sympathies of the learned, the wise,
and the good ; the tender thankfulness of woman and the warm
God bless you! of Christian men.  The ocean steamers brought
letters from eminent scientific men, and testimonials from several
foreign courts.  The Institute of France awarded to him its
largest  gold  medal,  and he holds honors in  several foreign
orders.  Araidst th.'s general enthusiasm  one would have sup-
posed that  his troubles in reference to ether were forever ended.
  The value  of the benefits which the  discoveiy was universally
acknowledged to  confer induced petitions to  Congress urging
upon Government  the propriety of making an appropriation to
cover tho expenses that  had been incurred, which amounted to
over one hundred  thousand  dollars.  The moment there was an
intimation that money might be expected from the  Government
several contestants for the honor of the  discovery  appeared in
the field.   Here then was fresh  work for Dr. Morton.  He must 
56
 set aside the claims of others, and establish his own to the dis-
 covery.
   The claims of these contestants, with the arguments by which
 they were sought to be sustained, and the rebutting testimony,
 furnish interesting material for an  article.  It is impossible in
 this paper to enter upon the  inviting field.   With the remark
 that Morton's claim is  now established, and acknowledged be-
 yond controversy, the subject is dismissed.
   It is not proposed to dwell upon the unmanly and incredible
 persecutions which Dr. Morton was  now  called  to encounter,
 though there are poiuts  in his  history which possess all  the
 interest and fascination of a romance. Congress and  the pub-
 lic were soon discouraged in trying to follow the controversy,
 and became disgusted with the whole subject of priority of dis-
 covery, and the  discoverer was sunk in insignificance.  This
 being opposed to his ideas of justice, he applied to the courts in
 the  principal cities to take  the testimony (in perpetuam  rei
 memoriani) of the profession and others who were familiar with
 his labors and experiments.  As  the opponents cross-examined
 the witnesses, this occupied a long period.  Dr. Bigelow,  for in
 stance,  was on the stand thirty-six hours.  These  gentlemen
 chose their own  hours, while  this commission was under pay,
 wading through the business, the same process going on in three
 different cities.  A year and a  half was consumed in this man-
 ner ; and before the testimony was recorded—which was  neces-
 sary—and printed in form to  be used before the committee of
 Congress,  it cost many thousand dollars.  It was so lengthy that
 it was  difficult to find a  committee to examine tt.   It was not
 until a new Congress that it received an examination, when the
 committee made a report establishing Morton's claim a* the dis-
 coverer beyond all question.  This report has been reaffirmed by
 several subsequent Congressional reports, and by the scientific
 societies which have examined the subject.
   A bill to reward the  dfscoverer was put upon  the private
 calender in the Senate,  which, having passed the Senate, was
 lost in the House  by a small vote, at a midnight session.  That
this  defeat resulted from the reluctance of Congress to appropri-
 ate the money was demonstrated from the fact that a reported
bill,  appropriating the money, but leaving the courts to decide
who  should  have  it, was likewise defeated.   The matter was
pushed with the  utmost diligence,  but no bill could  ever  be 
57
  safely navigated through both branches of the  same Congress.
  A majority of both branches of Congress, utterly dissatisfied with
  these failures, joined Morton in a written  protest to the Presi-
  dent as Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy,  asking that
  he would either purchase the right to use the patent or issue an
  order to his subordinates to desist using the discovery, on the
  grounds "that private property should  not be taken for public
  use without just  compensation."   The  President referred the
  matter to the Secretary of War, who reported back to the Presi-
  dent, by whom  it was then referred to the Attorney-General.
  The  Executive finally required as a prerequisite a  suit and  a
  judgment against  an army or navy surgeon for using Morson't
  discovery, agreeing that the officer should  be instructed to ad-
  mit the use of any article he might be using covered by Morton's
  patent.  The tempest-tossed discoverer expressed to the Presi-
  dent his fears lest such a course might awaken the opposition of
  the profession, and retard the introduction of the discovery for
  which he  had so long and  assiduonsly  labored.  Upon  the
  President's assurance that the whole responsibility would be on
  the Executive, Morton brought suit, recovered  judgment, and
  in due time, but  after a change of administration,  and an ex-
  penditure of  several thousand dollars, produced  a record of the
 judgment to Howell Cobb, then at the head of the Treasury De-
 partment to which the hospital belonged.  He hesitated,  and
 finally refused to carry out  the order of the  President.   Being
 desirous to stand exonerated with the  medical  profession, Dr.
 Morton made an exposition of  the above facts  in relation to the
 suit.  Of this the  Secretary of the Treasury took  advantage,
 alleging that  the suit, being friendly, he should require  a  suit
 to be brought against  other institutions than Government to es-
 tablish the patent.  Having gone so far in the matter that it was
 ruin to retreat, Morton reluctantly  brought other suits, but be-
 fore trial could be had the patent expired, and the whole matter
 fell through.
   It has not beeu thought necessary to defend Morton in taking
 out a patent in a matter in which the comfort of humanity was
 so largely at stake.  Among many reasons  for this step, which
 was  taken after thoughtful consultation with judicious persons,
 was the desire to restrain so powerful an agent as ether, which
might be used for nefarious  purposes,  and  to  provide some
proper security against interference from ex  post facto  claim- 
                               58


ants.  With the reception of the patent Morton gave, through

Dr. John C. Warren, to such hospitals and charitabie institu-

tions as he should name, and to all competent persons, permis-

mission  to use the discovery.  "I never doubted," said Morton?

" that the proper authorities  would take it out of private hands

if the public good should require it."

   By the three contests, viz., that of introducing the discovery,

the contest for the honor of the discovery, and  that waged for

years with the Government, Morton found his health so im-

paired that his life  was  despaired  of, his  lucrative business,

which yielded an income of §10,000 yearly, destroyed, and his

means and credit expended.

   So matters  stood with  him  when the  rebellion broke out.

Morton made an arrangement with the Government that, when

he was  telegraphed  to •' bring that  trunk," he was to under-

stand that his own body was  meant, while the people would not

be informed that a battle was impending.

   Dr. Morton has attended the principal battle-fields, adminis-

tering anaesthetics with his own hands  two thousand times in a

 single  battle.  During the  ten days' fighting at the battle of

the  Wilderness  and Spottsylvania Court  House,  there  were,

according  to official reports, twenty thousand wounded men.

Many of these, of course, needed surgical  operations.

   The following account is from an army correspondent:

   " After an engagement the  ambulance wagons are rushed  to the front and loaded
 with the wounded, who are brought to the rear and spread upon the ground.  The ex-
 perienced surgeons then pass among them, probing the wounds, and pinning upon each
 man, who requires an operation, a ticket, designing  the nature of the operation.  On
 this occasion the wounded who needed immediate operations were removed to a secluded
 spot and laid in a row. Then Dr. Morton passed from one to the other, administered
 ether or  chloroform at the rate of three minutes to the man, and  without a single
 failure prepared them for the knife.  He was followed by the surgeon who performed
 the operation, leaving the dressing of the wound to the less experienced surgeons.  This
 last being completed, the patient was by the orderlies conveyed still asleep, to his tent,
 where on waking he learned that the dreadful operation was over.  A dozen operations
 were sometimes completed  before the first man had come from his anaesthetic state.
   " The comfort of anaesthetic agents  to the soldier does not stop here.  His wounds
 are daily dressed under their influence. And one who has ever heard the groans and
 cries and prayers which rise from those ambulance  wagons as the men piteously beg
 not to be moved, must acknowledge the priceless value of this boon to man, for the
 wagons are loaded and unloaded under their influence.  After the retreat at Fredericks-
 burg, hundreds were loaded and unloaded by the aid of Dr. Morton's discovery."

    Will it be credited when I say that since  this war began, in

  the face of these great demonstrations of the value of this  dis-

  covery, that applications have been made to the  Government

  for  remuneration on five different occasions?  At  this point an 
59
association of the most eminent merchants and scientific  men
of the country made  a move in the matter.   They petitioned
Congress to remunerate Dr. Morton, the discoverer of Anaes-
thesia, for the expenditures he had  incurred  in  bringing the
discovery to the status it now enjoys.  This association spared
no pains which could have weight with Congress.  They  pro-
cured petitions, memorials, resolutions  from the great bulk  of
the members of medical associations, scientific societies, pro-
fessors and surgeons of the  principal colleges and hospitalsi
surgeons, officers, and wounded soldiers of the army and navy,
urging upon Congress an appropriation in Morton's favor for
the use of anaesthetics in the army and  naval practice.   Ac-
companying their petition were some thousand letters of intro-
duction addressed to different  members of Congress by distin-
guished gentlemen from all  parts of the Union, urging  them
^o make vigorous efforts to  procure the  appropriation.  The let-
ters from the  surgeons of the  army established  the  fact  that
mortality from surgical operations during the present war has
been greatly curtailed by  the  use of  anaesthetics; that they
contribute to the more rapid recovery of the patient;  that one
surgeon can do more with this agent than four without it;  that
it increases the daring of the soldier on  the field, and diminishes
the objections of many minds  to  enlistments.  Added to  this
testimony the Surgeon-General made  a recommendation  that
Congress should pay Dr. Morton $200,000.
  The  House of Representatives committed  the whole subject
to the  Committee of Ways and Means.  The petitions were
hung up in  the committee-room for their information,  covering
the walls.   A slight examination of the subject  showed them
that the claim had gone through all the legislative, administra-
tive, executive, and even judicial departments of the Govern-
ment.  They therefore voted to put it into one of  the appro-
priation bills.  It came into the House some ten days  after the
battles of the Wilderness, at a moment  when one could look out
of the Capitol and see acres of barracks, termed hospitals, filled
with wounded men for whose  comfort and relief anaesthetics
were used a thousand times a day.  Yet the subject was not
under consideration five minutes  before the appropriation was
dead. 
60
  But while our cheeks are crimsoned  in  contemplating this
injustice, it is a comfort to know that the  most distinguished
men of our country are holding meetings and forming associa-
tions to induce the people to do what the Government was un-
willing or unable to do.  National testimonials, established by
the voluntary subscriptions of  individuals,  have been adopted
by all countries to mark the public sense of services to the hu-
man family, particularly  when such services  have reflected
honor and distinction upon the country where  they have been
performed.   When we consider this  discoverer,  health  im-
paired, business destroyed, property gone,  embarassed by an-
noying debts, "inaction" seems "crime."
         A GOOD SAMARITAN MONUMENT.
  At a meeting of the Boston  Common Council, a few weeks
ago, the subject of the  proposed monument to the  discoverer
of the anaesthetic properties of ether came up, arid the follow-
ing papers were read, and statements:
                         Mayor's Office, City Hall, \
                             Boston, March 19, 1866.  J
Gentlemen of the Board of Aldermen:
  I have the honor of laying before you a communication from
Thomas Lee, Esq., proposing, if acceptable to the city, to erect
at his own expense a monument on the public garden in com-
memoration  of the greatest medical discovery of our time—
the application of the properties of ether to the alleviation of
pain and human suffering.
  Mr. Lee's gift to the city of the statue of Hamilton, now
standing on Commonwealth avenue, has already received the
acknowledgments of the Government and the gratitude of our
citizens.  This renewed token of his interest in  the embellish-
ment of our  public grounds, and the peculiar sentiments sought
to be embodied in the proposed memorial, calls  for a similar
expression of our appreciation of his public spirit and liber-
ality.
  There can be no doubt that the discovery and the first suc-
cessful application of ether as an anaesthetic was made in our
own city; and thus Boston has acquired  an historical renown 
61
on its account, which renders it eminently proper that a monu-
ment to its  honor should  be erected within our municipal
limits.  The benefits of ether are for  all mankind; it is used
throughout the world, wherever scientific, medical, and surgical
treatment is practised;  and while its early history might seem
to justify a certain degree  of local pride, yet the monument
in itself will be an expression of gratitude and thanksgiving.
It is not an insignificant fact that  the period of its erection
occurs soon after a terrible  war was brought to a close, the ne-
cessary miseries of which were considerably alleviated  by the
use of this agent.
   The  design of the  monument is appropriate.  The  base is
composed  of  a  series of fountains, supplying the  pool  with
living water—reminding the spectator of the pool of Bethseda,
where the  sick waited to be cured of  their diseases; and the
top  is surrounded by the figure of the good  Samaritan, illus-
trating one of the most beautiful parables of  our Saviour, and
teaching a lesson we are so apt to forget in the bustle and tur-
moil  of a  great  city, that  we are all brothers, and that our
nearest neighbor is he who  most needs our mercy and  charity.
   This  proposition is another illnstration of the enlightened
and disinterested spirit of many of our opulent citizens.  It is
seen in the liberal endowment of our literary and  charitable
institutions, and, in its most graceful  form, exhibited in those
works of art which adorn and embellish the city.—objects of
pride to our own people and  an attraction to the stranger.
   I trust that your Board will sanction the enterprise proposed
by Mr. Lee, and grant the request.
                               F. W. Lincoln, Jr., Mayor.
                                 Boston, March 13, 1866.
Hon. F.  W. Lincoln, Jr., Mayor of the City of Boston:
     Sir : I propose to erect and  present to the city a monu-
ment, in the form of a fountain, as an expression of gratitude
for the relief of human suffering occasioned by the discovery
of the anaesthetic properties of sulphuric ether.
   As a  site  I respectfully suggest a position in the  Public 
62
Garden, opposite Marlborough street, about 100 feet from Ar-
lington street.
  I have intrusted  the designing and  superintendence of this
monument to Messrs.  Ware and Van Brunt, architects,  f this
city, to whom I refer you for all  further  information on  the
subject.
  I beg to  be informed at the earliest moment if this proposi-
tion  is acceptable to  the city government, whether they will
authorize the use of the site named, and will furnish the neces-
sary connections with the water pipes and drains.
      I am, very respectfully,
              Your obedient servant,         Thomas Lee.

Description of a monument proposed to be erected in Boston, at
  the expense of Thomas Lee, Esq., to commemorate the discovery
  of  the anossthetic  properties of sulphuric -ether.
  It was intended that the prevailing  sentiment expressed in
this  design should be gratitude for the relief of human suffer-
ing occasioned by the  discovery which it commemorates.  This
idea is developed in the inscriptions, and, as far as possible, in
the form and sculpture of the monument.
  The monument stands in the  center of a pool 22 min, 6 sec.
square,  supplied with  water by  four spouting heads, which, to-
gether with water plants, are sculptured in four niches occupy-
ino- the  center of each side of the  plinth.   At  the water-level
the plinth is 6 miru 3  sec. square.  By three  successive stages
of base mouldings  the monument  diminishes upward  to  a die,
which is the central and  most important feature of  the design.
Each face  of this  die is occupied by sculpture in  high  relief
and by an iuscription, and is protected by an overhanging hood
in the form of a foliated arch.   These four hoods are supported
by  eight  stunted columns of polished red Gloucester granite,
two on each corner of the die.   The capitals of these columns
are decorated with poppies  and  other plants in high  relief.
From the overhanging hoods the mass of the monument is again
diminished by mouldings and prismatic surfaces until  a base is
formed, whence arises a  grouped  column about six feet high,
with a shaft of polished red Gloucester granite, surmounted by
a capital decorated with leaves  and flowers. 
63
  The crowning  feature of the whole monument  is the story
of the Good Samaritan,  the type of the relief of suffering,
sculptured in Concord granite—the material used in the mass
of the design.
  The entire height of the monument is about thirty feet.  It
is proposed to place it in the Public Garden, opposite Marl-
borough street, and about fifty or one hundred feet from Arling-
ton street.  The  alto-relievos, which  are to be of marble, and
the crowning group of two figures, are to be modelled by J.
Q. A. Ward, Esq., sculptor, of New York.  Thomas Hollis is
to cut the granite, and the monument is to be set by  Martin
L. Whitcher, mason.
                             From the Chicago Republican, Dec. 2, 18C5.
                      DR. MORTON.
   By special invitation a large number of our citizens con-
vened last evening at the house of Lieutenant Governor Bross,
for the  purpose  of  meeting Dr. Morton, of Boston, the cele-
brated  discoverer of  etherization,  or  the  use of anaesthetic
agents for the prevention of suffering and pain under surgical
operations.
   Dr. Morton  was  introduced to the  company by Governor
Bross, and proceeded  to give a very interesting history  of his
trials and difficulties in the introduction of this invaluable dis-
covery.   Dr. Morton's attention was first called to the  anaes-
thetic properties  of ether by noticing its effects upon the nerve
of a decayed tooth, the sensitiveness of which was  entirely
destroyed  by its  introduction into the cavity,  The insensibil-
ity to pain from the application of this agent was extended to
the adjacent tissues, and  the  doctor was led,  by analogy of
reasoning, to the  conclusion that the same effect might be pro-
duced upon the entire system, if the etherization could be car-
ried to  a sufficient extent, without destroying the life of the
patient.    Subsequent  experiments  demonstrated  the pos-
sibility of  suspending entirely the sensation of  pain or suffer-
ing during the most protracted surgical operations, without
seriously interfering with  the functions of respiration and cir-
culation, and finally, after a series of most wonderful experi- 
64
ences in combating  the  prejudices of the medical profession,
resulted in establishing this  invention as the greatest triumph
ever achieved by mortal agencies over the ills and sufferings of
mankind.   The hours of  unutterable woe and anguish soothed
into a sweet and painless slumber by this mysterious agent will
be numbered by ages in the great sum of human life ; and for
every breath drawn (by the patient) in blissful unconsciousness
under the  sharp  edge of the surgeon's knife, the Angel of
Mercy will breathe a prayer of gratitude to the great and good
man who developed and  brought into use this marvelous dis-
covery.
  Dr. Morton stands to-day acknowledged by all men as  the
greatest benefactor of the human race that has lived since the
day of Jenner, and second not to him;  but still so thoughtless
and careless have we grown  in this age  of supreme selfishness,
that a nation whose wounded and dying soldiers have breathed
forgetfulness of pain and suffering in many a  crowded hospital
and upon a hundred  bloody battle-fields  from these etherial
waters, with shameless ingratitude has denied t:> the now un-
disputed discoverer the boon  the poor recompense of a return
of the money expended in bringing this invention  into use.
   Against the action of Congress in refusing to reimburse him
for his ruinous outlays in the introduction of ether as an anaes-
thetic agent, Dr. Morton now appeals to the American people
and to  the world.  A mortgage  that, unless  discharged, will
take from him every dollar's worth of his property, and reduce
his  family to absolute  poverty, has been stayed from  fore-
closure by the generosity of some of his friends, under the ex-
press stipulation that he shall apply in person to the citizens
of the principal cities in  the United  States, and subsequently,
if necessary, to the European nations,  for a testimonial to be
contributed in  money for his  relief.   A committee of physi-
cians has been chosen in this city to take action in reference to
this matter; and, after the  address was concluded last even-
ing, upon the motion of Luther  Haven,  Esq., a  committee of
citizens  was also appointed to co-operate with the one selected
by  the medical profession.  A joint  meeting  of these commit-
tees will be held  at  the Sherman  House on Monday evenino- 
65
next, when some practical plan will  be adopted by which this
matter can be brought before the public.
                                        From the Detroit Tribune.
                INTERESTING MEETING.
                                Detroit, May 27th, 1865.
Address of Dr.  W. T. G. Morton at the Board of Trade Room
                       this Morning.
   Dr. William T. G. Morton, the celebrated discoverer of the
use and methods of application  of etherial vapors as an anaes-
thetic or pain annihilating  agent, will  address  our Board of
Trade and other citizens generally, at the Board of Trade room
at  10 o'clock this morning.  Dr. Morton's history is the com-
mon one of all great inventors and discoverers.  While still a
young man, he succeeded by a series of experiments in demon-
strating the  possibility  of  relieving human suffering  during
painful surgical  operations, by the use of ether or certain of its
compounds, especially chloric ether or chloroform.  On the pub-
lication of the news of his discovery, he was assailed by nearly
every influential medial  journal in existence, with an opposi-
tion as unreasoning as hailed those great spirits, who gave the
world the  steam  engine, the railroad, and  the  electric tele-
graph.  Since then, for years past, the prime of Dr. Morton's
life has  been consumed in silencing his enemies, convincing
the sceptical, vanquishing those who sought  to wrest from him
the honor of the primal discovery, and seeking to obtain some
commensurate reward for the inestimable benefits he had con-
ferred  upon  mankind.   In  all  these  aims  save the  last,
he has succeeded.  The use of etherial vapor in the hospitals
and practice of both Europe and America, is  as common as
that of the surgeon's knife, and  its value and utility is attested
by  thousands  of witnesses.  Congressional committees, after
careful investigation, have conceded the justness of his claims
for priority of and exclusive right to the discovery against all
contestants.
   The French Academy has given him a gold medal.  This
was only done  after three  years of a most spirited struggle
with  European  claimants of the honor, and despite the preju- 
66
dice against permitting such a scientific trophy to pass to the
American continent.  His ultimate triumph was increased by
the action of several of the most celebrated Orders of the old
world, to whose membership he has been fully admitted.  Dur-
ing the war, whose closing scenes  the world is now so eagerly
watching, the  discovery of Dr. Morton has assuaged an im-
mense amount of suffering, which the human mind can no more
comprehend than the  figures  of  mathematics can [calculate.
The discoverer has been a constant attendant upon the marches
of our great armies, and in the immense hospitals which have
constituted  such a  gloomy element in the melencholy panora-
ma of war.  He has given  personal instructions  to the inex-
perienced, has overseen and  performed the application of the
vapors, and  has added to the merits of the discovery those of
severe individual labor.  President Lincoln, in his life time,
bore witness in the  strongest terms  to the patriotic devotion,
and the valuable nature of the personal services of Dr. Morton.
For various causes,  not reflecting upon his personal character,
or the justness of his claims, Congress has never consented to
appropriate the sum which all concede he has earned.
  Dr. Morton will address  our Board of Trade,  and citizens
generally, as announced above, this  morning.   He will state
the details of  his  case, and illustrate  the  character and value
of his discovery.   In view of the great  and undeniable bene-
fits, which the defenders of our national cause have received
from  this discovery, and the fact that the discoverer has seen
the labor of an active life pass by thus far without reward, it
would seem that our people owe him a debt, which can not be
easily repaid.   The address will also be of the most instructive
nature, and  would interest all  men  of intelligence, from the
important character of the topic, and the general value of the
discovery.  Ladies will  also find it a matter of interest, and it
is hoped many of them will be present.   The meeting will, un-
doubtedly, be a large one. 
PROCEEDINGS  OF  HOSPITALS.
              MASSACHUSETTS  GENERAL HOSPITAL.
   The undersigned, to whom a proposition of the Trustees of this
 Hospital should contribute a fund to be established for the benefit
 of Dr. Morton, was referred, report: —
   That Dr. Morton is known to have been chiefly instrumental in
 conferring a great good upon his race;
   That his agency in a discovery which has already relieved mul-
 titudes  from suffering,  has yielded to him no pecuniary compen-
 sation for its acknowledged benefits, but has, on the contrary, been
 attended by many sacrifices;
   That his only rewards have been the consciousness of a great
 service rendered, and a title to fame;
   That the government of the country has omitted to provide a
 proper reward;
   That justice entitles him to remuneration, and that the only
 mode in which it seems to be probable that  the means  of doing
 that justice can  be furnished is through voluntary contributions
 from the philanthropic, in some such form as is now suggested.
   Therefore,  your Committee think that tbe object is proper, and
 that its early attainment is to be desired; so that the only question
 is whether the trustees may properly contribute of the  funds  of
 this institution for its promotion.
   No ordinary circumstance would justify the trustees, should they
 apply any portion of the funds under their control to any object
 other than the direct relief of the sick under their care.
   But the relations between  Dr.  Morton and this  Hospital,  in
 regard to the great discovery which prompts the proposed memor-
 ial, are peculiar.
   The first important surgical operation to which that discovery
was applied, was performed within its walls, at his instance.
   At a time when he  supposed that his agency in it would be
pecuniarily rewarded by those who  should derive benefits  from  it,
                           67 
68
he conferred upon this Hospital the right to profit by it in all cases
without any charge.
  We have been and shall continue to be benefited by it, to  an
extent which  no reasonable amount of money could compensate
for.
  Dr. Morton  and his friends think that the refusal of the trustees
of the Massachusetts General Hospital to subscribe to the contem-
plated fund would prevent its foundation.  In view of all the cir-
cumstances, your Committee think that apprehension well founded.
  When individuals have made bequests, or rendered  remarkable
services to the institution, the trustees have deemed it proper  to
expend such  sums as may have been required to procure  appro-
priate memorials  of them, to  be preserved within the walls of the
Hospital; and your Committee think that the propriety of a sub-
scription toward the fund  which it is now proposed to establish for
the benefit of  Dr. Morton, would rest safely on the grounds which
have been found sufficient in such cases.
  They therefore recommend that the subjoined vote be passed.
                        J. Thomas Stevenson,")
                                                 Committee.
John Lowell,
}
   Voted, that the Chairman of this  Board be  requested  to sub-
scribe, on behalf of the Massachusetts General Hospital, one thou-
sand  dollars toward the fund which it is proposed to establish for
the benefit  of Dr. W. T. G. Morton, as a memorial  of  the great
service which that gentleman  has rendered to science  and  to
humanity, in connection with the discovery of the uses of ether.
  Trustees — Henry B. Rogers, John P. Bigelow, James B. Bradlee, William S.
Bullard, William J. Dale, William W. Greenough, Thomas Lamb, John Lowell,
Robert M. Mason, Charles H. Mills, J. Thomas Stevenson, Edward Wigglesworth,
           MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND  EAR INFIRMARY.
   Voted, that the Secretary of this Board be authorized to sub-
scribe, on behalf of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear
Infirmary, two hundred dollars toward the fund to be raised for the
benefit of Dr. W. T. G. Morton, as a  recognition of the  greatest
discovery of modern times, and an acknowledgment of the great
service which that gentleman has rendered to science and human-
ity by the discovery of the uses of ether.
  Trustees—3. H. Walcott, J. W. Edmands, Henry  Rice, Dr. E. Reynolds, G. H.
Shaw,  C. H. Mills, R. W. Hooper, Moses Grant, James Lawrence, Dr. S. D.
Townsend, J. A. Blanchard.
                               Theodoee Fkothingham, Secretary. 
69
                          NEW  YORK HOSPITAL.
"George T. Trimble, Esq.,
  President of the Board of Governors of the New York Hospital.
  Sir:  The members  of the medical  profession of  New York have made an
appeal in behalf of Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton, of Boston, who was the first to dis-
cover and demonstrate  by experiment the power of sulphuric ether to render the
human economy insensible to pain under surgical operations.
  " The object of this appeal is to raise, by voluntary contributions, a. fund, as a
national testimonial for his benefit, such  as"shall be a worthy  acknowledgment of
the priceless value of a discovery which has already done and is constantly doing
so much to diminish human suffering.
  " Boston, the scene of Dr. Morton's labors, has taken the initiation in this effort,
and has made a  noble beginning.
  "It is believed that the action of the New York Hospital in reference to this
appeal, will  exert an important influence on other kindred institutions in this city
and  elsewhere, and it is therefore earnestly hoped that the object will be regarded
with favor by the Board of Governors. Nowhere in our whole land are the benefits
of this discovery more constantly witnessed than in the New  York Hospital, and
there seems to be special propriety in  such an institution acting a conspicuous part
in acknowledging our  common indebtedness  to the discoverer of such a boon to
suffering humanity.
  " Having been delegated to  present this object to your Board, I beg leave, Mr.
President,  through you, to  submit this  communication  with, the  accompanying
appeal, to that honorable body for  consideration at their next meeting.
     " I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                                 "Gurdon Buck, m.d.


   The subject being thus fairly  laid before the  custodians of the

institutions of New York, the Society of the New York Hospital,

a close corporation, governed by  the gentlemen named in the note

appended,* immediately  voted that their President,  Hon. George

T. Trimble, subscribe five hundred dollars to the proposed fund.


  COMMISSIONERS OF EMIGRATION, OF THE STATE  OF NEW YORK.

   The Commissioners  of Emigration, composed of the gentlemen

named in the annexed note,f passed the following resolution : —

   '■'■Resolved,  that in view of the great benefits derived by the In-

stitutions  and patients under the charge  of  the  Commissioners of

Emigration, by the use of sulphuric ether, the sum of two hundred

and fifty dollars to be donated to Dr.  Wm. T. G. Morton, the dis-

coverer thereof,  as a consideration of the feeling of  the Board,

with an expression of regret that the present state of the  funds

under their charge  would not permit the Commissioners to show a

more  substantial appreciation of the great importance of the dis-

covery."
 * George T. Trimble, Najah Taylor,  Gulian C. Verplanck, James F. De Peyster, John A.
Stevens, James I. Jones, Stacy B. Collins, George F. Hussey, Edwin D. Morgan, David
Colden Murray, Robert Lenox Kennedy, John David Wolfe, George F. Jones, Joseph
Walker, Thomas Hall Faile, Thomas 13. Stillman, James N. Cobb, George T. Olyphant,
John C. Green, David Clarkson, Abram S. Hewitt, Frederick A.  Conkling, Nathaniel P.
Bailey, Otis D. Swan, Henry L. Pierson, James W. Beekman.
 t Gulian C. Verplanck, Prest.; E. Crabtree, Vice-Prest.; B. Casserly, Sec'y; F. D. Mor-
gan,  Wilson G. Hunt. Elijah F. Purdy, John P. Gumming, Cyrus Curtis, Mayor of New
York, Mayor of Brooklyn, President  of the German Society, President of the Irish Emi-
grant Society. 
70
                     BELLEVUE HOSPITAL.
  The Governors  of  the Almshouse referred the subject to the
Committee on  Bellevue Hospital  to report.  While  considering
the subject, the  Committee received from Stephen Smith, m.d., Sec-
retary, the  following  resolution,  unanimously adopted by the
Medical Board  of Bellevue Hospital: —
  Resolved,  that the Medical Board of Bellevue Hospital cheer-
fully  express their conviction that to  the zeal, perseverance, and
skill of Dr. Wm. T. Green Morton, of Boston,  in using sulphuric
ether  to render persons insensible  to pain, the  world  is indebted
for  the  present extended and beneficial use of anaesthetic agents
in the practice  of  medicine and surgery;  and they are convinced
that but for his  energy, courage, and success, there is no reason to
believe that mankind would yet have received that boon from any
of the gentlemen whose names have been prominently connected
with this subject,
                           John  W.  Francis, m.d.,
                                  President Medical Board.
  Stephen  Smith, m.d., Secretary.
  Referred to Committee on Bellevue Hospital.
  On  the fourth of August, the Committee to whom the subject
was referred, reported in favor of appropriating the sum of $1,500.
  On  September 14, the following preamble and resolution, appro-
priating fifteen hundred dollars, was adopted : —
  Resolved,  that this Board view with  high appreciation the initi-
atory  steps taken  by  the Medical Faculty of the cities of Boston
and New York  to  acknowledge, in  a substantial manner,  the  dis-
covery and appliances of sulphuric ether by Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton,
and believing the  same to be, as expressed and set forth in their
testimonials, the greatest benefit of the present age  rendered to
science and  humanity, deem  it our duty, in consideration thereof,
and of the many uses to which the same has been applied in the
institutions under our charge, to unqualifiedly indorse the same.
  And be it further Resolved,  that the sum of fifteen  hundred
dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated as compensation
for the use of sulphuric ether in the hospital under our charge, and
the same be taken from the unexpended appropriation of Belle-
vue Hospital.
  The President of the Board of Ten  Governors  immediately
made  the subscription to the proposed fund. 
CORRESPONDENCE.
  During the last summer, the Governor of Massachusetts, N. P.
Banks, late Speaker of the House of Representatives, wrote to his
Excellency the Governor of New York, that "A national subscrip-
tion, intended as an acknowledgment of his  [Dr. Morton's] great
public service in the discovery, and introduction to common use,
of this important power [sulphuric ether], has been commenced
here, under  the auspices of gentlemen of the highest professional
standing, who were themselves witnesses of the successive steps
through which this discovery was  made.   They are men whose
names alone are a guarantee  that their  statements may be relied
upon,  and no words  of mine can  aid in  giving their opinion
strength.  In addition to that of merchants and professional men
of the first eminence, you will find in the publication made by the
trustees of the fund to be raised, a petition to the President, signed
by a majority of the members of the thirty-third Congress, which
is, I think, to be regarded as an evidence of the very general esti-
mate  which  was  made of the claims of Dr. Morton upon  the
government and the public.
  " The subscription has  been liberally commenced in Boston, but
it is thought  that  other cities that have been benefited by the dis-
covery should participate in  the  recognition of the merits of the
discoverer, and in making  him appropriate  honors.  I hope that
other cities may imitate the example of Boston in this respect, and
contribute something to aid, and, I may say, relieve  one who is
certainly deserving of great  credit, and who  has  as yet received
no advantage from his  discovery."
  Dr. James Jackson wrote to George Ripley, one of the  editors
of the American Cyclopedia: "To  him [Dr. Morton]  the  world
owes at least the introduction  for useful  purposes  of sulphuric
ether, by  employment  of which by inhalation, he proved that in-
                             71 
72
sensibility might be produced in a human subject with safety, and
be maintained during powerful surgical operations.  It is now more
than eleven years  since he made this discovery known.  At the
present day the  benefit of it is  known  throughout the civilized
portion of the world.  Every day, the persons who use the article
must be counted by thousands.  If the  knowledge of it could be
lost millions and millions of dollars could be raised for the recov-
ery of it.  Every man is  liable  to the  misfortunes which would
make the use of it invaluable to him.
  " Is not something due to the gentleman who introduced the use
of ether for the use of the present and  all  future  generations of
men ?  Shall it be recorded in  history, that he lived  on a very
small income, while millions were blessing his discovery ?  Should
he not be repaid in some  substantial manner?  As I understand
the matter,  his business has been destroyed, strange to say, and
he  needs  aid.  May I ask you to make his case known in  NeAV
York, in the hope that he may receive the evidence of such grati-
tude as is due to him ? "

  Dr.  Jacob Bigelow, President of the Academy of Arts and
Sciences, wrote to Dr. Parker, that "I hope the community who
are daily deriving the benefit of his  [Dr. Morton's] inestimable
discovery, will not be  insensible to the debt  they owe him.   He is
the only man without whom the  world would at this day  have
wanted the blessing of ana3sthetic inhalation."

  Dr. O. W. Holmes wrote  to Willard  Parker, M. D.:  " It gives
me great  pleasure to add my name to that of my friends, who
have  recommended the claims of Dr. W. T. G. Morton to  your
favorable notice.                     ,
  " A surgeon in great business, like yourself, must know well what
we owe to the discoverer of the use of ether in surgery. The part
Dr. Morton  took in that  is matter of history, and I cannot but
think you will agree with  us in believing that  but for  his happy
audacity we should have waited an indefinite period for the dis-
covery.
  " I write this time, therefore, to request your kind consideration
of the subject that will be  presented to your notice, not professing
to have any personal claim upon your valuable time, but consider-
ing that your position entitles you to the honor of being  among
the foremost in every  movement involving the interest of science
and humanity." 
73
  ^ Dr. John Jeffries, wrote to Willard Parker, M. D.: " Of the jus-
 tice to his [Dr. Morton's] claim, as the person by whom this great
 benefaction  was conferred on  the medical profession, and upon
 mankind, I entertain no doubt; and consequently of the weight of
 obligations which physicians and  societies at large are under to
 him for this  benefit.  A public benefaction has been set on foot for
 Dr. Morton,  who is himself poor, and made so, in some measure, in
 consequence of his agency in  providing a blessing for mankind. It
 has my full approbation and  best wishes for its success.  I would
 also express  my confidence in the plan and details by which it was
 carried out,  arising from the high character for intelligence and
 integrity of gentlemen  under whose auspices it is to be conducted.
 Whatever you may please to do to aid, will be on the side of jus-
 tice and humanity."

   Dr.  S. D. Townsend, one of the surgeons of Massachusetts Gen-
 eral Hospital, wrote to Willard Parker, m.d.: "Having been con-
 versant with  the use of ether from the first day of its introduction,
 I have always given to Dr. Morton the credit of  being the author
 of its extensive  employment into our profession.  The object of
 this movement is to obtain subscriptions to a fund, to be placed in
 the hands of trustees, for his [Dr. Morton's] benefit, which is to be
 raised  from  different hospitals in the country, that have been so
 greatly benefited by its  use. Dr. Morton's pecuniary circumstances
 have been greatly reduced by the exclusive attentions he has paid
 to this object, having entirely broken up the business which he was
 extensively engaged in; and he needs the aid of all professional
 men, who have been so greatly benefited by this discovery.   I am
 sure I  can  rely upon  you to give it all the assistance which your
 prominent situation can afford him."

  Nathaniel  I. Bowditch, Esq., in a letter to Amos A. Lawrence^
 and John  Lowell, Trustees of the Morton Fund, says: " Circum-
 stances, as you are aware, made me originally take great interest in
the ether  discovery.  In the  Hospital Report  and a pamphlet  in
vindication of it, I have expressed, as forcibly as in my power, my
conviction  that it is to the boldness, energy, and  perseverance of
Dr. Morton that the world owes the demonstration of this great
truth of science.  I have never seen the slightest reason for doubt-
ing the accuracy of the conclusion at which I first  arrived.  It 
74
happens that in my own person I have already had occasion to be
especially thankful for this blessing.   Ether has been administered
to me no less than seven times, and on each occasion has saved me
from great  suffering.  I consider Dr. Morton, indeed, to be one of
my permanent attendant physicians, and one  the value of whose
prescription cannot be estimated in  money, or expressed in words.
I have therefore cheerfully subscribed $500 on the book which you
sent me."

  Thomas  B.  Curtis,  Esq., of Boston, in a  letter to William  E.
Bowen, Esq., of Philadelphia:  "Dr. Morton  first  made  known
to the world the blessed effects of ether in doing away with pain.
Instead of riches and honor, he has reaped nothing from his great
discovery.  Our Government has  cheated him, but they have not
deprived him  of  the  support  of  the most  eminent surgeons in
America, and the sympathy of many of our best citizens."

  Dr. Wm. H. Van Buren, of the New York Hospital, in a letter
to Prof. Neill, of Philadelphia: " Here,  there  was no  dissenting
voice in the right  quarter, that  is, among the  profession, — and I
think  on  the broad ground of humanity, Dr. Morton has a right to
our support.  His  misfortunes entitle him to our regard above  all
other  considerations."

  Dr. Fordyce Barker, of the Bellevue Hospital, New York, in a
letter to Dr. Edward Hartshorne, of Philadelphia: " The profession
in this city and in Boston have with great unanimity  made  an
effort  to induce  the  people to bestow  upon Dr. Morton some
reward  proportioned  to  the value  of  his  discovery,  and  it is
hoped that  our brethren in Philadelphia will  join heartily in the
endeavor."

  Dr. George  T. Eliot, of the  Bellevue Hospital, New  York, in a
letter to Dr. Biddle, of Philadelphia: " I  sincerely think that Dr.
Morton ought  to be placed above the necessity for labor durino- his
life, and that it is a reproach to the United States that the Govern-
ment  did not  behave  differently.  The  feeling of the  profession
here is in favor of the testimonial in his behalf."

  Dr. Batcheldor,  President of the  Academy  of Medicine,  New
York, in  a letter to Prof. Meigs, of Philadelphia: " Dr. Wm. T. G.
Morton,  the discoverer of Anaesthesia,  now so universally em- 
75
ployed  in the alleviation  of human suffering, in  perfecting his
discovery and in introducing it to the world, has made great sacri-
fices, and it is no more than just that he should reap some reward,
small though it may be, in comparison to the vast  benefits which
he has conferred upon suffering humanity.  The appeal to the jus-
tice  and liberality  of our fellow-citizens has been gladly seconded
by the profession in this city, and I have no doubt  that such will
be the case in your city."

  Dr. John II. Griscom, of the  New York Hospital, in a letter to
Prof. George B. Wood, of  Philadelphia: " The medical profession
of Boston and in New York have taken great interest in the effort
now in progress to obtain from the people a testimonial of a sub-
stantial character in favor  of Dr. Morton, whose sacrifices, means,
time, and health in his devotion  to the  perfecting of this most
extraordinary discovery,  render some pecuniary  return essential.
We  regard this as a truly national matter, to which the profession
of the whole country  should lend their aid."

  Dr. Isaac Wood, of the  Bellevue  Hospital, New  York, in a let-
ter to Prof. George B. Wood, of Philadelphia: " At a meeting of
our  Medical Board, held  last evening  at my house, a resolution
was  unanimously  passed,  to  recommend the testimonial to Dr.
Morton to the favorable notice of the Board  of ten Governors of
the Bellevue Hospital."

  Prof. Yalentine  Mott, of New York, in a letter  to Prof. Pan-
coast, of Philadelphia: " The  Profession here generally award  to
Dr. Morton the honor of this great discovery.  We have  been
doing, for the Testimonial to him, a little in this city."

  Dr. John W. Francis, of New York, in a letter to Prof.  Samuel
Jackson, of Philadelphia:  " Something, our entire  Faculty have
determined, must be done for Dr. Morton as a great benefactor to
humanity.  In  New York  we are not idle.  Our Bellevue  Hos-
pital, I believe, will make a liberal  donation,"

  Dr. F. M. Markoe, of the New York Hospital, in a letter to Dr.
Franklin Bache, of Philadelphia:  " We have  been much inter-
ested in the matter of the Testimonial to Dr. Morton, and feel the
conviction that not only he is entitled to the credit of the  discov- 
7:
ery of this great practical use of ether, but that the country owe
him a debt of gratitude which ought to take some tangible and
available form."

  Prof. Alfred C. Post,  of New York,  in  a letter to Prof. S. D.
Gross, of Philadelphia:  " I hope the Profession, of your city, will
take an interest in obtaining from the community some substantial
acknowledgment of the great services which Dr. Morton has ren-
dered to science and humanity.
  " I think, from the investigations which I have made, that there
is no reason to doubt that he is entitled to the exclusive merit of
introducing the valuable discovery which he claims to have made,
and that the efforts which have been  made by others  to deprive
him of his claim have been characterized by gross injustice."

  Dr. B. W. McCready, of the  Bellevue Hospital, New York, in
a letter to Dr. W. II.  Gobrecht, of Philadelphia: "It has been
deemed just, by  the  leading medical  men of  Boston  and New
York, that Dr. Morton should realize something more from his dis-
covery than barren honors, to which he has to support  his claims
at his own expense."

  Prof. Willard Parker, of New York,  in a letter  to Mr. Allsop:
"Dr. Morton has laid the civilized world under an  infinite  obliga-
tion, and  exhausted his means  by so doing.  I am desirous that
some return should be made, and he be relieved  from his condition
of want.  In this city a movement is being made in furtherance
of this object."

   Dr. John Watson, of the New York Hospital, in a letter to John
A. Stevens, Esq.: " As  our national government  is not likely to
remunerate Dr. Morton for the  trouble and expense, not to speak
of loss  of business, to  which he has  been subjected, American
people  should  take his sacrifices into serious  consideration, and
show by their own liberality that what the Government cannot do,
the people are not willing to  leave undone." 
APPLICATIONS
    BY  THE MORTON TESTIMONIAL ASSOCIATION,

TO THE 37th AND 38th CONGRESS, URGING COMPENSATION FOR THE

              USE  OF  ANESTHETICS

         IN THE  ARMY AND  NAVY OF THE  UNITED  STATES.
  This Association, consisting of some of the most  distinguished and
scientific nun of the country, and representing a large body of  Ameri-
can physicians, was formed for the purpose of procuring from the Gov-
ernment and  the  people  au adequate  testimonial for Dr. Mortoi?, ns a
remuneration for the expenditures* he has incurred in conferring upon
them the inestimable boon of Etherization.
  Before further urging this testimonial upon the people, this  Associ-
ation determined to make an  application to the Government  for  the
use of Anaesthetics  in the army  and navy,  under  auspices that should
as far as possible determine whether, under any circumstances, Congress
would  make  an appropriation to Dr.  Morton, or  whether  the  whole
amount must be raised from the people.
  The  military committee of the Senate, 37th  Congress,  3rd  session,
made a report confirming all the  previous reports, affirmed the claim of
Dr. Morton, and reported  the  facts to  the  Senate, but. they refused to
pass a bill.
  It will be seen  by the representation made to  Congress by this Asso-
ciation, that they secured the  co-operation of the most eminent  and
patriotic persons in the country.
  The  following document, and selections from the papers that accom-
panied  it, will convey an  idea how vigorously and  enthusiastically this
claim was urged upon Congress from all sections of the Union.
  * Estimated at $200,000.  See Senate Report No. 89, 37th Congresss, 3rd Session.
               A 
58
K REPRESENTATION TO  CONGRESS, BY THE MORTON TESTIMONIAL AS-
  SOCIATION,  COVERING  A  PORTION'  OE  THE  NEW  AND  RECENTLY
  RECEIVED   PETITIONS,  MEMORIALS,  RESOLUTIONS,   AND   LETTERS
  EROM  A LARGE  NUMBER OE THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, PKO-'ESSORS
  AND  SURGEONS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  COLLEGES AND HOSPITALS,
  SUKGEONS AND OEEiCERS OE  THE  FEDERAL ARMY, ETC., ETC., URG-
  ING COMPENSATION FOR THE USE  OF ANAESTHETICS  IN  THE  ARMY
  AND NAVY.   SUBMITTED  TO THE THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS.

7o the  Honorable  the Senate and  House of Representatives of the
        ILiital Stales, in, Cmitjress assembled:
  An Association having  been  formed in the city of Boston, Mass.,
representing a large body of American physicians, for the purpose of
procuring for  Dr.  \Y. T.  (.<-. Morton, of Boston, an expression  of the
grateful sense  entertained by his fellow men, of the  benefit he has con-
ferred on them, and some adequate remuneration for his expenditures
in demonstrating the great physiological fact  that  the human system
may be safely placed in a condition of insensibility to  pain, and  estab-
lishing the practicability and safety of Etherization, which led  directly
to the use  of  chloroform and other anaesthetic agents  for the relief of
human  suffering;  and  in the  successful introduction  of this great
discovery :
  The subscriber, on behalf of the Association, herewith respectfully
submits to Congress petitions and representations recently received  by
it from  members of the American  Medical Association,  Scientific So-
cieties, Professors and Surgeons  of the principal colleges and hospitals,
Surgeons,  Officers   and  wounded  soldiers  of  the  Federal army,  and
prominent citizens,  and selections from numerous letters  and   testimo-
nials of the most emphatic character from  men eminent in the  various
professions throughout  the country, urging upon Congress an  immedi-
ate appropriation for the use of anaesthetics in the army and navy ;  also
proceedings of the  "Morton Testimonial Association," embracing the
signatures  and resolutions of the Medical  Profession  of  Boston,  New
York and Philadelphia, in support of Dr. Morton's  claims.
  By reference to Senate Report No.  89, 37th Congress,  3rd Session,*
on Dr. Morton's title and efforts to gain from  the United States Gov-
ernment a return of the  expenditures that he has  made in the  intro-
duction of Etherization, it will be seen, that in the opinion of the  Medical
Profession of America as well as  of  the chief authorities of the  Na-
  * The evidooce upon which this Report. |» b»8od, may be found \r\ pp. 60 to l«6, otthq (»p»
pendlsln the Sonftt© (I'lewm-nt rwom. 
59
tional Government and of competent institutions in our  own  country
aud in Europe, and of our most eminent men of science and letters, Dr.
Morton is entitled to the merit of having given this blessing to the hu-
man family.
  Thousands of our  citizens  in private life  have  been saved from the
pangs incident to  the  various  diseases to which the  race  is subject;
thousands of our soldiers, on  the field of battle, have been made  insen-
sible to the tortures of gunshot wounds  aud surgical operations ; thou-
sands  of  mothers have been spared  the agonies of childbirth by the
beneficent agency of ether and chloroform ;  but Dr. Morton himself has
spent many years  of his life and all his property, and though no longer a
young man, is still impoverished by the exertions he has made in con-
ferring this great blessing on  mankind.  It is  respectfully  suggested,
that some token from Government of the just appreciation of the value
of the  services  of this benefactor of his fellow creatures, is  simply  an
act of justice.  The introduction of Anaesthetics would have have been
worth millions of money to the country during the present war, could it
have been no otherwise obtained, and that it is due to the character of a
great people,  whose soldiers  have been  so signally benefited by this dis-
coverv, that their  representatives  should express to Dr. Morton  their
gratitude  for the benefit he has conferred upon his fellow countrymen,
as well as upon  all mankind, by some testimonial of a value  adequate
to the benefits which have  been conferred, and the  resources  of the
nation which has received them.
   On behalf of the Morton Testimonial Association,*
                                 JOHN  WARE, C'i'n Ex. Com.
* See page 5, Proceedings of the Morton Testimonial Association. 
A1ST  APPEAL.
To the New England Delegation in Congress, United States .

  Gentlemen:  The undersigned hereby express to you their  convic-
tion that Dr.  William T. G. Morton, is the  discoverer of the practical
application of Etherization for the relief of  pain, generally, and in sur-
gical  operations in particular ;  that we consider it one of  the  most
important discoveries ever made in  Medicine, and one  of the most  im-
portant to the human  race ever made by man ; and we do most  earn-
estly desire, as a matter of justice to Dr. Morton, that you  will sustain
and urge his application to the Government and Congress for remuner-
ation, whenever it is  presented, according  to the best of your distin-
guished abilities.
  A.  D. 18(5-1.
                       HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
   Thomas Hill, LL. D. President of Harvard University.
  Joseph Lovering, Professor in Harvard University.
  Benjamin Pierce,         "              "
  Jeffries Wyman,         "              "
  Oliver Stearns,           "              "
  Francis James Child,     "              "
  Emory Washburn,       "              "
  Francis Bowen,          "              "
  James Russell Lowell,    "              "
  G.  P. Bond,             "              "
  W. W.  Goodwin,        "              "
  George M.  Lane,         "              "
  Henry W.  Longfellow, late Professor in Harvard University.
  Jared Sparks, late President of Harvard  University.
  E.  N. Horsford, late Rumford Professor in Harvard University
  J. E. Worcester, Worcester's Dictionary.
  Joseph Winlock, United States Nautical Almanack, 
61
                       AMHERST  COLLEGE.
W H. Stearns, D. !).,  LL.  D., President of Amherst College.
K. Hitchcock, late President and Professor of Amherst College.
E. S. Snell,     Professor of Amherst College.
W. S. Tyler,
J. G. Yose,
E. P. Crowell,
E. Hitchcock, Jr.,
Wm. L. Montague,
R. H. Mather,
                       WILLIAMS  COLLEGE..
Mark Hopkins, D. D.,  LL, D., President, of  Williams College.
Albert Hawkins, Prof
John Tatlock,
John Bascom,
Arthur L. Perry,
Jolm L. T. Phillips,

Amos A. Lawrence,
Gardner Brewer,
Charles Amory,
James Lawrence,
George B.  Upton,
James Amory,
Isaac Livermore,
J. M. Forbes,
R. B. Forbes,
William Dwight,
essor of Williams College.
        BOSTON.
            J. Ingersoll Bowditch,
            Edward Austin,
            Franklin Haven,
            David Sears,
            W. W. Tucker,
            Abbott Lawrence,
            John  A. Lowell,
            James Bowdoin Bradlee,
            Alpheus Hardy,
            George W. Lyman,
and one thousand others. 
PETITIONS.
 To the Honorable  the Senate and House of  Representatives of the
        United States, in  Congress assembled:
   The undersigned hereby testify to your honorable body,  that in the
 almost unanimous opinion of the Medical  Profession  of America, as
 well as of our National Government and  competent institutions, Dr.
 Morton was the first to discover or  demonstrate  the great phvsiological
 fact that the human system is capable of being placed safelv in a con-
 dition in which it becomes insensible to  pain,  and to  prove the practi-
 cability and  safety  of Etherization, which  directly led  to the use of
 chloroform and other antesthetic agents for  the relief of  human suffer-
 ing.  They beg leave earnestly to represent to Congress, that,  in their
 opinion, the introduction of anaesthetics would  have been  worth millions
 of money  to the country  during the  present war  could it  have been  no
 otherwise  obtained ;  and that it is due to the character of a great peo-
 ple, whose soldiers have been so signally benefited by this discoverv,
 that their  representatives should express to  Dr. Morton their gratitude
 for the benefit he has conferred upon his fellow countrymen, as well as
upon all mankind, by some testimonial of a value adequate  to the  ben-
efits which have been conferred, and the resources of the nation which
has received them.
                               MAINE.
                                               Bowdoin  College, 1864.
          Leonard Woods. D. D , President of Medical Faculty.
          P. A. Chadbourne, M. D., Professor in Bowdoin College.
          William C.  Robinson, M. D., "
          Israel T. Dana, M. D.,        "
          Isaac Lincoln, M. D.,         "             "
          John D. Lincoln, M. D.,       "             "
          H.. W. Torrey, Professor in Harvard University.
          Asa Gray,        "            "
          Wolcott Gibbs.
          Joel Parker,      "            "
          Daniel Treadwell.  late Professor in Harvard University. 
63
                                               Georgetown College, 1864.
        John Early, President Georgetown College.
        Leonard Xota,  D.  D . Professor in Georgetown College.
        James Cnrley,           "              "
                                          Cleveland Medical College, 1864.
John Delamater,  M.  D.                  Alleyne Maynard, M. D.
I. P. Kirtland, M. D.                   Proctor Thayer, M. D.
J.  Lang Capels, M. D                   D. H.  Seott, M. D.
H. Kirko  Gushing, M. D.
                                            Umvjrtjitij of Michigan, 1864.
         Geo. P.  Williams, Professor of Phvsies
         Jas. R. Boise,  Professor of  Greek.
         Henry S. Frieze,  Professor  of Latin.
         Jas. C. Watson, Professor of Astronomy.
         E. P. Evans, Professor of Modern Languages and Literature.
         Edward Olney, Professor of Mathematics.
         E. 0. Haven, President of  University of Michigan.
         L. D. Chapin,  Professor of  Philosophy.
         0. K. Adams,  Acting Professor of History.
                                          V,nlmou1h College, X. K, 1864.
         Asa D. Smith, President of Dartmouth College.
         0. P. Hubbard, Professor of  Chemistry.
         Daniel J. Noyes,  Professor  of Theology.
          Edwin D. Sanborn, Professor of Rhetoric, etc.
         Charles  A.  Aiken, Professor of  Latin.
         Wm. A. Packard, Professor of  (Ireek.
          S. G. Brown,  Professor of  Natural Philosophy.
         George S. Morris, Tutor.
                                             University of Rochester, 1864.
         M. B. Anderson,  President  University of Rochester.
         A. C. Kendrick, Professor of Greek.
        J. F. Richardson,  Professor of Latin, etc.
         J. T. Quimby, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.
         S. S. Cutting,  Professor of  Rhetoric and History.
          Henry A. Ward,  Professor of Natural  Sciences.
                                         Princeton, X. J., March 3, 1864.
     John Maclean,  President of the College of New Jersey.
     Stephen Alexander, Professor of Natural Philosophy and of Astronomy.
     Lyman N. Atwater, Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.
     G. Musgrave Giger, Professor of Latin.
     Arnold Guyot,  Professor of Geology and Physical Geography.
     J. S. Schanck,  Professor of Chemistry.
     J. H. Mcllvaine, Professor of Belles Lettres.
     H. C. Cameron, Professor of Greek.
     John T. Duffields, Professor of  Mathematics aud Mechanics. 
64
                                            Geneva Medical Colhye,  1864
H. N. Eastman,  M. D., Prof. Theory  and Practice,  Geneva Med. Coll., N. Y.
H. A. Potter, M. D.
                                            Ilobart College, Geneva,  1864
H. Metcalf, D. D.                      W.  D. Wetson,  D.  D.
                                 Univursity of Chicago, Chicago, 111.,  Is64.
        J. C. Burrouglis, President of  the University of Chicago.
        A.  J. Sawyer, Professor University of  Ohio.
        Wm. Matthews,  Professor History and  of Rhetoric.
        Joseph C. Breckm, Professor of Latin Language and Literature.
        G.  W. Thomas, Tutor in Latin and Greek.
                    llutger's College,  Xow Brunswick, X. J.,  March 2,  1864.
    Wm.  H. Campbell, President.              D. T. Reiley. Professor.
    Geo.  H. Cook, Professor.                  David Murray,   "
    David Coley,       "
                          Union College, Schenectady, X.  Y., Feb. 22,  1864.
    L. P.  Ilickok, so far as informed, Acting President.
     J. W. Jackson, Professor of Mathematics.
     Jonathan Pearson,  Prof, of Natural History.
    Wendell L'Amoreux,  Professor of  Modern  Languages.
    Benjamin Stanton, Professor of Latiti.
    Charles F. Chandler,  Professor of Chemistry.
    Taylor Lewis.
    A.  M. Yedder, M. D., Professor of Mathematics and l'liysiolory.

And the Professors of one hundred other colleges. 
SURGEONS  AND OFFICERS  OF  THE  ARMY.
                                                   February 4ih, 1863.
      D. C. GreeDleaf, Assistant Surgeon 4th Iowa Infantry.
      J. G. Eckles, Chaplain 4th Iowa Infantry Volunteers.
                                         Culpepper, Ya., Jan. 28, 1864.
C. A. Wheeler, Asst. Surg. 12th Mass.   W. H. W. Hinds, Surgeon 12th Mass.
Chas. C. Wehrum, Adjt. 12th Mass.
                     U. S. Marine Hospital, St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 30, 1864.
James H. Peabody, Surg. U. S. Vols.    L. II. Callaway, A.  A. Surg. U. S. A.
                                            Philadelphia, Feb. Slh, 1864.
               Paul B.  Goddard, Surgoon Y. S. Volunteers.
J. A. Brady, A. A. Surgeon U. S. A., in charge Officers1 Hosp., Louisville, Ky
F. Meacham, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
F. M. Oakley, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
John S. Logan, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Araiy.
Henry A. Mitchell, Major Indiana Cavalry.
John L. Bryan, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.
R. A. Bell, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army.
                                     Washington, D.  C, Jan.  3dth, 1864.
    J. S. Watts, Acting Surgeon 4th Michigan Infantry.
    Robert Le Baron, Assistant Surgeon.
    John Seage, Chaplain -1th Michigan Infantry.
    Geo. W. Lumbard, Lieutenant Colonel Comd'g 4th  Michigan Volunteers.
    Jairus W. Hall, Major 4th Michigan Volunteers.
                                            Baltimore, Md., Jan., 1S64.
         C. W. Jones, Surgeon U.  S. Volunteers.
         E. E. Atkinson, Acting Assistant  Surgeon IT. S. Army.
         W. (Jr. Small, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
         H. M. Drach,  Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
                                              Lynn, Mn^s.. Jan., 1864.
                  B. B. Breed, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.

  * Heads of Departments, Surgeon General, Chief Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Su
geons of the Army and Navy, will  be found in the Appendix to Senate lleport, No. 39, 37th
Congress, 8rd Session, pp. 76 to S6.
                 B 
oo
                           Headquarters Artillery  Brigade,       )
                                   5th Corps, Arnry of the Potomac,   >
                                                 "January 2GM,  1864. )
               John Bell,  Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
                                                  February 31,  1864.
          Norman Gay,  Surgeon U.  S. Volunteers.
          P. N. Woods, 39th Iowa Infantry, Surgeon 2d Division.
          F. F. Randolph,  Assistant Surgeon 18th Volunteers.
          J. L. Hoover, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army.
          \V. D. Craig, Acting Assistant Surgeon, 9th Illinois Infantry.
          J. C. Simmonson, Assistant  Surgeon 66th Indiana Infantry.
                                 1864.
   W. Nichols, Jr., M. D.,  Assistant Surgeon 2nd Massachusetts Infantry.

                                  Louisville, Kentucky, Jan. 30th,  1864.
          R. C. Wood, Assistant Surgeon General U. S.  Army.
          Joseph B. Brown, Surgeon U. S. Army.
          F.  L. Toun, Assistant Surgeon IT. S. Army.
          C. C. Cray, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
          0.  C. Byrne, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
          John W. Brewer, Assistant  Surgeon U. S. Army.
          B. E. Fryer, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
          John A. Octerlang,  Acting  Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.

                   U. 8. General Hospital, Mound City, 111., Jan. 31, 1864.
      H.  Wardner, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers, in charge of Hospital.
      A.  H. Kellogg, M. D., Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      J. A. C. McCoy, M. D.,  Acting  Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      C. H. Vaill, Acting Assistant  Surgeon U. S. Army.
      Wm. N. McCoy, Acting Assistant Surgeon U.  S. Army.
      John Sartorius, Hospital Steward U. S. Army.
      Cornelius A.  Groot, Medical Cadet U. S. Army.
                                                   Philadelphia, 1864.
   Chas. O'Leary, Surgeon U.  S. Volunteers, Medical Director 6th  Corps.

                                              Washington,  D.  C, 1864.
J.  C. McKee, Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army, in charge of Lincoln Hospital.
H. M. Dean, M. D.                     Henry E. Paine, M.  D.
W. F. Peck, M. D.                     John Stark, M.  D.
A. M. Allen, M. D.                     H. C. Burritt, M. D.
A. M. Plant, M. D.                     John G. Walcott, M. D.
H. Allen,  M. D.
  The above gentlemen constitute the staff of Lincoln Hosp., Washingtou, D.C

                                            Fort Slocum,  B.  C,  1864.
          John J. Meigs, Assistant Surgeon 1st Heavy Artillery.
          Edward P. Lee,  Captain 1st Heavy Artillery. 
67
         Aldan F. Walker, Captain.
         Robinson Templeton, Captain.
         E. B. Parker, Lieutenant.
         Orlo H. Austin, 1st Lieutenant 1st Heavy Artillery.
         Wm.  Goodrich, Captain.
         ('has. Hundson, Major 1st Heavy Artillery.
         Chas. J. Lewis, 1st Lieutenant 1st Heavy Artillery.
         J. 11. Maxham, 1st Lieutenant  1st Heavy Artillery.
         Eli R. Hart, 2nd Lieutenant 1st Heavy Artillery.
          Geo. G. Tilden, 1st Lieutenant 1st Heavy Artillery.

                                            Cincinnati,  0., Feb. .1864.
         A. J. Slemmer, Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers.
         J. F. Head, Surgeon U. S. Army.

                                 1864.
                    R. Murray, Surgeon U. S. Army.
                                                Baltimore, Md., 1864.
          Thomas Hewson  Bache, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.

                              Headquarters 1st Brigade (Regulars),  \
                                      2nd Division, 5th Corps, 1864.    )
Samuel   A. Storrow, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army, Surgeon-in-Chief 1st
      Brigade (Regulars), 2nd Division, oth Corps, Army of the Potomac.

                      Hospital—Camp Parol, near Annapolis. Md.,  )
                                                January 29M, 1864.    )
      James W. Pittman, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
      Andrew McLetchie, Assistant Surgeon 19th New York State Militia.
      B. F. Banby,  M. D.
                                                Annapolis, Md., 1864
           B. Howard, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
                                           Philadelphia, Jan. 26, 1864.
      B. Knickerbocker, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      Edward L. Duer, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
                                              Philadelphia, Pa., 1863.
      D. Kennedy,  Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      L. K. Baldwin, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      F. L. 0.  Rachmg,  Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      Edward Stonor, Acting Surgeon U. S. Army.
      M. Lampen, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      E. Dyer, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      W. West, Acting  Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      James H. Hutchinson,  Acting Assistant Surgeon U.  S. Army.
      A. II. Norwood,  Assistant  Surgeon U. S.  Army.
      M. J. Grier, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      S. G. Minassian, Acting Assistant  Surgeon U. S. Army. 
68
      J  H  Dixon, Acting Assistant Surgeon  U.  S. Army.
           >, <'iowell, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      ..... .c, Williams, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      Joseph B. Roe, Acting Assistant Surgeon U.  S. Army.
      M. X. Richards, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.

                            Camp 9/h Mass.  Yoluulcers, January 26th, 1804.
    P.  R. Guiney, Colonel 9th Massachusetts,  and commanding 2nd Brigade.
    James F. Sullivan, Surgeon 9th Regiment  Massachusetts Volunteers.
    M. W. Phalen, Adjutant 9th Massachusetts.
  Every officer of this regiment would gladly  recommend this petition if time
were allowed to present it to them.               J- F.  Sullivan, Surgeon.

                                             Washington,  D.  C, 1864.
      W. H. Lincoln, Surgeon 1th  Massachusetts Volunteers.
      Thomas D. Johns,  Colonel 1th  Massachusetts Volunteers.
      E. N. Dean, Adjutant  1th Massachusetts.
      J.  W. Thompson, A. R. Q. M. 1th Massachusetts Volunteers.

                                  Camp in the Field, January '2Wh, 1864.
    George W.  Tower, Jr., Assistant Surgeon  24th  Michigan Volunteers.

                                   Ale.candria, Va., January 30th, 1864.
      Charles Page,  Surgeon U. S. Army.
      W. Leon Hammond, M. D.,  Acting Assistant  Surgeon U. S. Army.
      Charles W. Koechling, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      Richard E. Price, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      James Robertson, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.
      D. T. Brown. Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.

                                              Washington, D. C, 1864.
      Franklin Grube, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
      Theodore H. Cooper, Acting  Assistant Surgeon U. S  Army.
      Joseph Taylor, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
      John J. Linson, Assistant Surgeon 6th New York  Artillery.

                                     Washington,  D. C, February, 1864.
Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Parsons, commanding 10th Massachusetts  Volunteers.
D. F. Parker, Major 10th Massachusetts Volunteers.
John H. Gilman, Assistant Surgeon.    F. B. Perkins, Chaplain.

                                              Washington, D.  C, 1864.
Thomas Sherwin, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel commanding 22nd-Mass. Infautry.
Mason W. Burt, Major 22nd Massachusetts Volunteers.
G. T. Perkins, Assistant Surgeon 22nd Massachusetts Volunteers.
Fred. S. Benson, Lieutenant and Adjutant 22nd Massachusetts Volunteers.

         Headquarters, 1st Brigade,  1st Division, 1st Army  Corps,  [
                                                January 2Wt, 1864.   )
Henry A. Morrow, Colonel 24th Michigan Volunteers, commanding Brigade. 
69
 J. D. Wood, Captain and Assistant Adjutant General.
 J. H. Beech, Surgeon-in-Chief of 1st Brigade, etc.
 D. B. Daily, Lieutenant and Acting Assistant D. C.

                                                 Alexandria, Ya.,  1864.
             Edward Brooks. Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.

                                                Washington, D. C,  1864.
                  J. H. Baxter, Surgeon U. S.  Volunteers.

                                               Washington, D. C,  1864.
       W. H. Wilbur, Surgeon 1st Rhode Island Cavalry.
       Augustine  A. Mann,  Assistant Surgeon 14 Rhode Island Cavairy.
                                                Washington, D. C,  1864.
 Jos. S. Goge, Lieut. Col. 29th Mo. Vols, and A. A. I. Gen. 1st Div. 15th A.  0.
 S. D.' Nichols, Major commanding 4th Iowa Veteran Infantry.
 J. Eden,  1st Lieutenant and Adjutant 4th Iowa
 M.  AV.  Robbins, Surgeon 4th  Iowa Infantry.

                                   Camp near Brandy Station,  Va.,  1864.
  L. D. Miller, Assistant Surgeon in charge 1st New Jersey Volunteers.
  Wm. Henry, Lieutenant Colonel commanding 13th infantry.
  A. M. Way, Major 1st New  York Volunteers.
  Isaac L. F. Elkin, Adjutant 1st New Jersey Infantry.
  R. B. Gard, Chaplain 1st  New Jersey Volunteers.

                                   1864.  ,
       Samuel S. Jessop, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
       Ira Impey,  Acting Assistant Surgeon U.  S. Army.
       Henry H. Ruger, Medical Cadet U. S. Army.
       J. E. Wilson, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
       J.  S. Bull,  Acting  Assistant Surgeon U.  S. Army.
       Jennat Wright, Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.
       J.  M. Study, Assistant  Surgeon U. S. Volunteers,
       J. Z. Hall, Acting Assistant Surgeon II. S. Army.
       F. DeWint, Acting  Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.
       B.  Johnson, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S.  Army.
       W. M. Dorrau, Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army.
       B.  J. D. Irwin,  Surgeon U. S. Army,  Sup't U. S. General Hospital.

                               Wed Creek, West Virginia, Feb.  14.th,  1864.
John M. Robinson, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director,  2nd Division.
D. Baguley, Surgeon 1st West Va. Volunteers,  Act. Med. Director 2nd Brigade.
W. B. Crain, Acting Surgeon Ringgold Battery,  Pennsylvania Cavalry.
John S. Taylor,  1st Assistant Surgeon 23d Illinois Volunteers, Act. Surgeon.
C. M. Stinson, 2nd Assistant Surgeon 23rd Illinois Volunteers.
J. English, Assistant Surgeon 1st Virginia Volunteers.
David Sbanor, Assistant Surgeon 4th West Virginia Cavalry. 
70
                                  1S64.
      Cyrus S.  Mann, Assistant Surgeon 6th Massachusetts Cavalry.

                                      Folly Island, S. C, Feb. 1th, 1864.
      Burt S. Wilder, Assistant Surgeon 55th Massachusetts Light Infantry.

                                              Yicksburg, Feb. 11, 1863.
Wm. W. Nelson, Assistant Surg, loth Iowa, in charge  1st Div. Pioneer Corps

                                                       Warsaw, 1864.
Edw. R. Parks, M. D.                W. H. Davenport, M. D.
T. Davenport, M. D.                  S. C. Sapp, M. D.
II. M.  Cowgill, M. D.
                                                      Cincinnati, 1864.
      E. J. Bonnie, M. D., Surgeon 2nd Michigan Infantry.
      II. A. Cleland, Assistant Surgeon 2nd Michigan Infantry.
      R. S. Vickcy, Assistant Surgeon 2nd Michigan Volunteers.

                                                      Mnymlle, 1864.
      Wm. Browncll. Surgeon 2nd Michigan Cavalry.
      Edwin C.  Bidwell,  Surgeon 31st Mass.  Volunteers. (6th Mass. Cavalry.)
      Samuel A. Green, Surgeon 24th Massachusetts Volunteers.
      Lucius B. Smith, Surgeon 1th Regiment Minnesota Volunteers.

                         Headquarters Med. Dept.  34th Iowa Vols. )
                                          Coast of Texas.              \
      Victor H. Coffman,  Surgeon 34th Iowa Volunteers.
      Warren S. Dungan, Lieutenant Colonel commanding 34th Iowa Vols.
      Wm. W. Brj-aat, Adjutant.      ♦

                                                Memphis,  Tenn., 1864.
J. M.  Mack, Surgeon 113th 111. Inf.     Geo. B. Hogg, Colonel.
L. B.  Brown, Assistant Surgeon.       Cenhas Williams, Major.

                                            Xakhez, Miss.,  April, 1863.
           John Kemper, Assistant Surgeon 2Sth Illinois Infantry.

                                           Fort Gumming, X. M., 1863.
Rudolf Tauszkv, M. D.. Assistant  Surgeon U.  S. X.  ; Post  Surgeon  at Fort
      Cummings, N. M., late  a Surgeon in the Italian Army.

                                                      March 31, 1861.
S. B. Hadley, Surgeon 35fh Illinois Volunteers.
AVm. AAr. Henry, Lieutenant Colonel  10th Vermont Aro}unteers„
Almon Clark, Assistant Surgeon       "        j-
AVyllys Lyman, Adjutant             "        "
E. M.  Haynes,  Chaplain               "        "
Owen M. Long, Surgeon 11th Illinois Infantry.
John P. Duncan, Major 13th Kentucky Volunteers,
E. S. Cooper, Assistant Surgeon       "■
L. J. Taylor, 2nd Assistant Burgeon  ^ 
71
J. R. H.  Caldwell,  Captain Co.  G, 13th Ky.  A'ols., and Provost  Marshal 1st
       Brigade, 2nd Division, 23rd Army Corps.
B. P. Estcs,  Lieut. Colonel comdg. 13thKy.  Vol. Inf. (formerly a Physician.)

                                       Kansas City, Mo.. March 20, 1864.
S. D. Carpenter, Surg.U.S. V.,  Med. Director List, of the Border,(late of Iowa.)
P. Byam, Assistant Surgeon 32nd Iowa Infantry.
Jonathan D.  A\rylie,  Assistant Surgeon 35th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Inf.
S. R. Towle, Surgeon 30th Massachusetts Aolunteers,
G. M. Pease, Assistant Surgeon 54th Massachusetts Volunteers (in charge.)
Chas. II. Lathrop, Assistant Surgeon 1st Iowa Cavalry (in charge of regim't.)

                                 Camp Xear Brandy,  Ya.,  March 4, 1864.
John A. Douglass, Surgeon 11th Massachusetts A'olunteeis.
Samuel C. AVhillier,  Assistant Surgeon 11th Massachusetts Volunteers.

                                      Jacksonville, Floriaa, Feb. 10, 1864.
Chas. B. Bridgham,  Assistant Surgeon in charge 54th Massachusetts  Volunteers.
Giles M. Pease. Assistant Surgeon  54th Massachusetts A'olunteers.

                                Fori Pulaski, Georgia, February 11, 1864.
       J. AAr. Grosvenor, Assistant Surgeon 3rd Rhode Island Artillery.

                                  New Orleans, Louisiana, February, 1864.
Samuel Kneeland, Surgeon U.  S. V., at Barracks, U. S. General Hospital.
Otis M. Humphrey, Surgeon U. S ATolunteers at Barracks, U. S. Gen. Hospital.

                                      Currollton,  La., February 15, 1864.
             E. A. Thompson, Surgeon 12th Maine Arolunteors.
             Wm. C. Towle, Assistant Surgeon 12th Maine Regiment.

                                          HuntsvUle, Ala., Feb. 23, 1864.
             J. W. McKinney, Surgeon 63rd Illinois Infantry.

                                                  Beaufort,  X.C., 1863.
DixiCrosley Hough, Assistant Surgeon 2nd Reg. Heavy  Artillen",  Mass. Vols.
H. M. Stone, Lieutenant Colonel  3rd New York Artillery.

                                     Little Bock, Ark., February 14, 1864.
      C. C. Andrews, Colonel 3rd Minnesota Areteran A'olunteers.
      E. W. Foster, Major       "           "           '•
      A. 0. Wedge, Surgeon     "           ';           "
      E. D. Ayres, M. D.
      M. R.  Canley, Assistant Surgeon 3rd Regiment Minnesota Vol. Infantry.

                                       Russville,  Georgia, March 1, 1864.
      Wm. H.  Elliot, Surgeon 11th Regiment Michigan Volunteers,
      Nelson I. Packard, Assistant Surgeon nth Michigan Inf'y Volunteers,
      H. S, GriswoltJ,        "       ^k       "           " 
72
C. C.  Byrne, Ass't Surg. U. S. A.
J. Morris Brown,  A. Surg. Y.  S. A
H. S. Kilburn, A.  A. Surg. U. S. A
J. AV. Digby, A. A. Surg. U. S. A.
G. AV. Massey. A. A. Surg. U. S. A.
E. AV. Savage, A.  A. Surg.  U. S. A

      D. AV. Hand, Surgeon  Volunteers.
      E. P. Morong, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
      E. C. Mundy, Surgeon  12th New  York Cavalry.
      Geo. E. McDonald, Assistant Surgeon 12th New York Cavalry.
      Alex. A. Edmeston, Surgeon 92nd New York Volunteers.
      C. A. Cowgill. Surgeon of Arolunteers.
      J. W. Page, U. S. Sanitary Commission.
      A. D. AVilson, Assistant Surgeon 3rd New York Artillery.
      P. Gregg, Major, Surgeon 23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry.
      M. V. Abbott. Surgeon 80th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry.
      Andrew M.  Smith, Surgeon 40th Massachusetts Arolunteers.
      Paul C.  Garvin, Assistant Surgeon 40th Massachusetts A'olunteers.
      Harris Howey, Surgeon 20th Regiment Iowa A'olunteers
      R. S. Murtin, Assistant Surgeon 20th Regiment Iowa Volunteers.
      Jones Frankle,  Colonel 2nd Massachusetts Artillery.
      Henry T. Lawsou, Major 2nd Massachusetts Artillery.
      Hall Curtis, Surgeon        "             "
      J. Colvin, Major            "             "
      Chas. Ewing, Lieutenant Colonel comdg. 4th New Jersey Volunteers.
      D. Alckers, Major 4th  New Jersey Volunteers.
      AV. McElhaney, Lieutenant and Adjutant 4th New Jersey Volunteers.
      J. M. Pearson, Captain 4th New Jersey Volunteers.
      J. D. Osborne, Surgeon    "           "
      B. A. Matson, Ass't Surg.  "           "
      B. Hendry,       "        "           "
      J. N. Lambson, Capt.Co.G, "           '•
      II. Howard, Lieut. Colonel comdg. 2nd Maryland Volunteer Infantry.
      John M.  Santuryes, Major            "                 "
      J. H. McCullough, Ass't Surgeon       "                 *■'

                        And  five hundred others.
  Chattanooga, Ttnn.,  March 1, 1864.
J. J. Whitney, Ass't Surg. 18th Wis. Vol.
S. L. Kennedy, A. A. Surgeon U. S. A.
Chas. E Ball, A. A. Surgeon U. S. A.
N. Teal, Ass't Surg.  88th Ind. A'ol.
William T. Kirk, A. A. Surgeon U. S. A. 
         A   FEW   OF  THE   LETTERS

                           FROM

EMINENT   SCIENTIFIC   MEN

                      IN SUPPORT OF

      AN APPROPRIATION  FOR THE USE OP ANESTHETICS.
   Letter from Thomas Hill, B. D., LL. B., President of Harvard University.
                                     Cambridge, Feb. 11,  1864.
 Hon. Samuel Hooper :
   My Dear Sir—I have just signed a petition to Congress, and to the
 New England delegation ;  and knowing that you have had some re-
 cent reason to fear lest I signed what I had not read, I venture to add
 this note, saying that I have read  the petition in behalf of Dr. Morton
 carefully.   This is certainly net a time when the treasury of the  United
 States can  afford heavy drains;  but, Dr. Morton's services  to  the
 human race certainly seem to me worthy of a grateful appreciation by
 all people, and especially by his own nation, at a time when his services
 are brought into unusual  demand, and  their great  value in lessening
 pain,  and saving life, are made so strikingly manifest.
  I cannot but  hope that  Congress will, even  now, do justice to one
 who lias waited  so many years to receive it.
                               Very  sincerely yours,
                                            THOMAS HILL.

  Note.__Letters from Boston, New York. Philadelphia, and other large cities, enforcing this
appropriation, are to be found in Appendix to Senate Report, No. 89, 37th Congress, 3rd Ses-
sion, pp. 69 to 72, and 86 to 96.
               P 
74
               Letter from Professor Benjamin Pierce, LL. B.

                             Harvard  College, July 10, 18G3.
 Hon. Henry Winter Davis, etc.:
   My Dear Sir—I desire  to urge upon you  to give  the case of Dr.
 Morton the benefit of your generous eloquence and powerful influence.
 America lias been too backward  in  rewarding  the discoverers of the
 anaesthetic agencies.   There  have been conflicting  claims, but  those of
 Dr. Morton seem  at length to be established  above all others;  and I
 hope you will feel that his claims  deserve the immediate and full recog-
 nition by Congress in the most substantial form.
                  Very faithfully and respectfully
                       Your obedient servant and sincere friend,
                                        BENJAMIN PIERCE.

                From Professor Emory Wasliburn, LL.  B.
                                      Cambridge, Feb. 11,  1864.
 Hon. E.  B.  Washburn :
   My Dear Sir—Dr. Morton is an applicant before Congress for some
 significant  memorial of the obligation  the  world,  and especially our
 own country, is under to him for  his discovery of  the  application  of
 etherization to the human system.   It is certainly most remarkable
 that a discovery so invaluable to the  race has so  long  been suffered  to
 remain unremunerated in the  country whereof its discoverer is a citizen,
 and whose inventors are supposed to be so liberally protected  and re-
 warded.   His friends in this part of the country think this ought not
 to be, and hope that Congress will at last do him an act of justice;
 and I venture to ask your influence in  his favor.   I have no occasion
 to add more, for I doubt not  you are familiar  with the subject of his
 claim ;  and will only add that I am,
                  Very truly your obedient servant,
                                      EMOEY WASHBURN.

                     Fiom Professor F. J. Child.

                                      Cambridge, Feb. 10,  1864.
 Mr. Chables  Sedgwick, M. C. :
   My  Dear  Sir—I am sorry to  say  that I  am   not personally ac-
quainted  with  many  of the  Massachusetts delegation in   Congress,
though I  have used my little influence to have  men  sent who might he
known  all  the country over.  Dr.  Morton,  whose claims to  public
attention and the gratitude  of the world no  unprejudiced and well-iu- 
75
formed man can fail to feel, has asked me to give him a line to you, in
the hope that  you might lend your aid in securing him tardy justice.
I need not say one word in presenting his cnsr, because vou  know his
deserts.   Surely there  never was  a  more  favorable time  than the
present for  urging  Dr.  Morton's rights  and  wrongs on the attention
of a sluggish Government.   Ten thousand of soldiers are his witnesses.
   Excuse the liberty that I have taken ;  to you I know that  my note
is already too  long.                   Yours faithfully ever,
                                                  F. J.  CHILD.
                   From Professor Joel Parker, LL. B.
                                      Cambridge, Feb  17, 1864.
Hon. J. A. McDougall :
   Dear  Sir — My fellow  townsman,  Dr.  William T. G. Morton,  is
asking from Congress some recognition of his  merits as the originator
of the discovery of the use of ether and  chloroform in dental and sur-
gical operations, and some  reward for the great benefit which the
United States have, for  the last three  years, derived from that dis-
covery.   Will you  permit me  to  introduce the  consideration of his
claims to your attention?
                       With great respect, very truly yours,
                                              JOEL PARKER.
                     From  Professor E. X. Horsford.
                                       Cambridge, Feb. 18, 1864.
Hon. Ira Harris, U. S. Senate :
   Mv Dear Sir—I beg to say to you that I  have most carefully ex-
amined the literature of Etherization, and have become fully satisfied
of the claims  of Dr. Morton to the distinctioirof having conferred this
great gift on mankind.
   It would, it seems  to me, be a most judicious  step for the  National
Congress to recognize  in  the  most substantial manner the  claims of
Dr. Morton to a nation's gratitude.
   If  it were only to the suffering relieved in this war, there can scarcely
be an over-estimate of  the indebtedness to him;  but his  perseverance
through all obstacles  resulted in  a discovery  of infinite value for
all time.
   I scarcely know a  person  here wTho  would  not rejoice to  hear that
Congress had given Dr. Morton a quarter of a million dollars in recog-
nition of his great services to our country and mankind.
                               I am very truly yours,
                                             E.N. HORSFORD. 
76
                       Fifth  avenue Hotel, N. Y., Dec, 1863.
Dr. J. Ware :
  Dear Sir—I have received the Congressional  Report on the petition
of Dr. Wm. T  G. Morton, asking the  Government for compensation
for the discovery of the anaesthetic effects of Sulphuric  Ether.   It fully
establishes his claim  to  this discovery ;  and as  I witness its beneficial
results almost every day of my life  in  my professional   experience, I
take great, pleasure in testifying to Dr. Morton's merits in this  respect.
  It would be a  lasting disgrace if a great nation like ours refuses a
liberal donation to one  whose discovery has proved  such a  boon to its
soldiers and  citizens, and will be a blessing to the world in all time to
come.                         Yours truly,
                                 E.  R. PEASLEE, M. D , LL. D.
  J. Ware. M. D., Chairman of Committee,  etc., etc.

                                       New York, Dec.  9, 1863.
To  the Members of the Senate and House of  Representatives of the
        United States:

  Gentlemen—I have  examined the claims of Dr. Morton,  of Boston,
in connection with the  discovery of the  anaesthetic virtues of Sulphuric
Ether, and  am  satisfied that this important discovery is due  to him.
Whatever preliminary  investigations may have been made by other
persons, I am convinced, by the evidence which has been presented to
me, that the credit of the discovery is  due to Dr. Morton, who, for a
long period of time, devoted to  this subject all the energies of his mind,
and all his pecuniary resources.   It is to his  untiring labors that  our
country and the  world are indebted for  the introduction  of  this pow
erful and  beneficent, agent, by  which the pains of surgical operations
are annihilated, and other most important benefits  are secured  in  the
treatment of various diseases and accidents.   As  Dr.  Morton has  de-
voted to these investigations  a  number of the  best years  of his life,
and has made  large  pecuniary  sacrifices, which  have been thus far  un-
remunerated, I think that he  has a  just claim upon  Congress  for  a
liberal compensation in consideration of the important benefits  which
the sick and wounded  of our  army and navy  have derived from  his
liscovery.                   Very respectfully yours,
                                   ALFRED C. POST, M. D.,
  Professor of Surgery in University Medical College, and Consulting Surgeon
                    to New York Hospital and St. Luke's Hospital. 
77
Letter from  S. B. Grass, Professor in Jefferson College, and  Surgeon in Blackleg
               Hospital, Author of Gross'' Surgery, etc.,  etc

                                    Philadelphia, Dec. 5,  1863.
  Dear Sir—I am rejoiced  to  find  that at  length an  association  has
been formed in Boston, headed  by  some of  the  most  distinguished
physicians in  that  city, for the purpose of  presenting  more fully than
has hitherto been done  to  Congress, the claims of Dr. William T. G.
Morton, as the discoverer of  ether as an anaesthetic agent.  Consider-
ing the inestimable blessings which  the  labors of this gentleman have
conferred upon the human  race in  the prevention and mitigation of
pain in surgical operations, in the investigation of injuries and diseases,
and in the pangs of  childbirth, it is amazing that Dr.  Morton should
not have received, long  ago, some substantial acknowledgment of the
value of his services.   He has spent, not only his time, but his money  ;
in fact his all, in the prosecution of his discovery, the greatest, beyond all
doubt, in the healing  art, since the days of Jenner.  There is probably
hardly a family in any civilized country in the world  that has not enjoyed
its blessings, and it is therefore but right  and proper that the people,
through their  national representatives, should bestow upon its  author a
suitable reward, at  least  equal to that  which the British Parliament
voted to the immortal discoverer of  vaccination.   The  American Con-
gress should act promptly in the matter; Dr. Morton  is  no longer a
young man, and it would be a  crying  shame to let it be  said of one
who has so greatly benefited mankind, that he had lived and died ueg-
lected  by his fellow  citizens.   The  horrors  of the present war are in
some degree mitigated by the fact that the use of ether and chloroform
almost deprives of suffering  the operations  rendered necessary  by
gunshot wounds.   Indeed, there is  reason  to believe that it not only
prevents pain,  but is  instrumental in saving many lives.
  Hoping that your association will  be  able to accomplish  the laudable
object for which it was instituted,
                 I am,  dear sir, very respectfully,
                            Your friend and obedient  servant,
                                             S. D. GROSS, M. 1).
  Dr.  John Ware,  Chairman Executive Committee, etc.

            Eenolhiions  of the Academy of Medicine, Cincinnati,  Ohio.
      Hall of the  Academy of Medicine, Cin., Dec.  21,  1863.
  At a regular meeting of the  Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, held
this evening, Dr. John F. White read a communication from the  Ex- 
78
 c-cutive Committee of the Morton Testimonial Association,  which  is
 aboring to secure some suitable recognition on the part of Congress, of
 he value  of the inestimable gift of Ancesthesiu to the world,  to AV. T.
 t. Morton,
   After some remarks it was
   Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Academy of  Medicine, that
 Congress  should  make  a suitable  pecuniary compensation to  Dr.
 Jorton as a  testimonial  for the discovery of the anaesthetic power
 >f ether;  and that this resolution be forwarded to the Executive  Com-
 mittee, properly signed.
                            EDWARD  B. STEVENS, M. D.,
                                           Corresponding Secretary.
   R. R. McIlvaine, M. D., President.

                           Bellefontaine, Ohio, Dec. 23, 1863.

   Gentlemen—Being fully satisfied of the merits of the claim of  Dr.
 VV. T.  G. Morton for the discovery  of the successful  application  of
 sthereal vapor as a pain-subduing agent, by which so much human suf-
 fering has been and  may  be  prevented, that he is  justly entitled to  a
 .ubstantial public  compensation as a testimonial for the benefits con-
 erred upon mankind, he  is therefore  authorized to present this to  our
 ■epresentative of the 4th Congressional District of Ohio,  J. H. Mi Kin-
 ney, Esq., with  the request that he use his influence and vote for a
 reasonable compensation to be paid to Dr. Morton for the benefits of
 ais discovery.
                             Respectfully, etc.,
                                          W. D. SCARFF,
                     Vice President Bellefontaine  Medical Society.

                     University of  Michigan,  Ann Arbor, )
                                             March 1, 1864.   \

  Dear Sir—1 send to you by the same  mail with this, a petition to
 Congress in behalf of Dr.  Morton, signed by nearly all of  my colleagues
 n  the Faculty of the Department of Science, Literature  and Arts.
 'rofessor  Palmer  will, T  understand,  forward  one on behalf of the
 Jedical Faculty.
  It seems to me that Congress, as a matter of simple justice,  ought to
remunerate Dr. Morton.  The benefits conferred upon the world by  his 
70
discovery cannot be estimated ;  and it would be a standing rebuke to
us that this great nation should fail tc do him justice.
                               Very truly vours,
                                       JAMES C. WATSON,
                                     Director of the Observatory.
  Dr. John Ware,  Boston,  Massachusetts.

  More than one hundred other letters have been received.


  The testimony upon which this claim was supported, whether tried
by the rule of quantity or quality,  was never equaled nor surpassed in
behalf of any previous discoverer.
  On motion of Mr. Hooper,  of Mass., the  subject was referred to the
committee of ways and means on  the     day of February, 1804, and
on  June  6th  the committee reported the following item in bill 506,
section eight:
   " Sec.  8.   And be it further enacted, That the Secretary  of the
Treasury be, and he is hereby,  authorized and  diivcted co  pay, out of
any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to Doctor W.
T. G. Morton, for the discoverv and  introduction of anaesthetic  agents,
and for their use in the army and navy of the  United States, the  sum
of two hundred thousand dollars."
   The bill was read  twice, committed to the  whole  House on the state
of the Union, and ordered to  be printed.   But when it came  up for
final action, it shared the same  fate that had attended it on  all previous
occasions.   To use a political term, it was killed.
   Thus the matter was dismissed by Congress  after Dr. Morton  had
waited and worked  with  fruitless efforts for eighteen years, and had
expended a large sum of money to secure remuneration from the Gov-
ernment whose  army and navy had been so signally benefited.
   If this measure failed,  backed as it was by so many friends, and by
all  that truth and eloquence could urge,  at  a time when the value of
his services in  lessening pain and saving life is so  strikingly manifest,
it is fair to presume  that Dr. Morton  has  no hope  of gaining  any
remuneration  from  Government.   He  now stands  before the world
penniless and poor;  his time, business and  fortune all given to perfect
this discovery, and to gain that recognition which justice to himself and
his family demands.
   In view of the inconsideration or indifference  that  Congress has
manifested towards this measure, few who  are familiar  with  the trials 
80
and expenses of urging a claim upon the Government, will still desire
to see Dr. Morton, with a mind tossed by anxiety and chafed with want'
continue these fruitless  efforts; but all will agree  that the public, who
have been, and must continue to be, benefited to an untold extent, shall
return  to him the money he  has expended in conferring so priceless a
boon upon suffering humanity. 
          PROCEEDINGS
                         OF THE
MEDICAL SOCIETY  OF THE  COUNTY OF  ALBANY.
  A special meeting of the Medical Society of the county of Albany,
was  held in the Common Council  chamber,  Monday,  October 10th,
1864, at 3 p. m.
  The President, Dr. Peter McNaughton, after calling the meeting  to
order, announced that the Society had been convened for the purpose
of meeting with Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton, of Boston, who would address
the Society  upon  the  origin  and  progress of the  Discovery  of
Etherization.
  Dr. Morton was then introduced by the President, and proceeded  to
give an account of those experiments that enabled him to detect the
anaesthetic properties of ether, his early experiments upon his own pa-
tients, his first operations in the public hospitals, and the incredulity and
hostility of the Profession to the use of the discovery.
  He proceeded further to show that the discovery had been a  source
and cause not of profit or emolument to him, but of labor, anxiety, and
heavy and ruinous expense and  loss.   The anaesthetic agent was  as-
sailed ;  it was represented as ruinous to the human  constitution, and
often fatal to life.  The  public  were  warned against  its  use—and  he
also stated that he had devoted  years of his life, his patrimony, and  all
his past earnings and credit, to  putting down and disabusing  the public
of the falsehoods thus industriously circulated  to its  prejudice;  that the
discovery is now used throughout the civilized  world ; that it is  used in
all the hospitals of the United  States, and by all the surgeons in the
U. S. Army; that he ha3 himself visited the principal battle-fields and
administered it personally to many thousand patients,  and that no one
can estimate its value in a single battle.
  That his claims for compensation upon the United States have been
examined by committees of  Congress, and  they have  made  several
reports, most fully sustaining his claims over all other contestants for the
                D 
82
honor of the discovery ; and that the claim has been through the  vari-
ous legislative, executive and  administrative departments of the Gov-
ernment, and repeatedly urged upon Congress by petitions, memorials,
and resolutions from a large number of the members of the  American
Medical Association, and surgeons of the principal  colleges and hos-
pitals, scientific societies, professors, officers and  wounded soldiers  of
the Federal army, etc., etc.; and that all of these means have failed to
secure him the slightest remuneration from the Government, and that,
under these circumstances, the only mode of getting compensation  left
him is by the National Testimonial, already inaugurated by the Medical
Profession of  America,  and now being urged under the auspices  of
the Morton  Testimonial  Association, a body of  highly respectable
gentlemen.
   After Dr. Morton closed his  remarks, Dr. Howard Townsend  rose
and stated that he had no doubt that lie  would be  expressing the senti-
ments of all present, in recommending that the thanks  of the Albany
County  Medical Society be conveyed to  Dr. Morton, for the interesting
narration whicli lie has just given of his experiments to establish  the
fact of the value of Ether as an  antesthetic agent,  and the account of
the bitter experience which he was subjected to, in order to  prove  its
practical value to the Medical Profession and to the world.
   Dr. Townsend further suggested, that a committee be appointed to
express  the views of the Society to Dr. Morton, and also to arrange  a
plan for soliciting  subscriptions for the  Morton Fund, which fund  is
being raised  by a  society of eminent men of Boston, established for
i.he purpose of thus substantially proving the high appreciation  which
Dr. Morton's fellow-countrymen have  of the great boon which he has
conferred upon  humanity, in  proving the value of Ether as  an  anaes-
thetic agent.
   On motion of Dr. S. Oakley Vanderpoel, it was
   Resolved,  That a  committee of five be  appointed to  act upon the
views thus expressed by Dr. Townsend.
   The President appointed the  following gentlemen to  act  on such
committee:
   Drs.  Alden  March,  James H.  Armsby,  J. V. P.  Quackenbush,
S. Oakley Vanderpoel, Howard Townsend.
   There being no further business, the Society adjourned.

   At the annual meeting of the Society, held November 8th, 1864,
Dr. Townsend, Chairman, made a  verbal report  in behalf of the com, 
83
mittee appointed at  the special  meeting for the purpose  of raising  a
fund for the Morton  Testimonial.
  Dr. Townsend stated that the committee, after deliberation, determ-
ined that  an opportunity should be afforded Dr. Morton of giving
an account to the citizens of Albany of his discovery of  Ether as an
anaesthetic agent.
  In accordance with which view, the citizens of Albany were  invited
to attend in the  Chapel of the  Albany Female Academy, where Dr.
Morton, to a highly respectable  audience, narrated  his experience in
discovering the  anaesthetic effect  of Ether, and the bitter experience
which he had been subjected  to in his endeavors to prove to the world
what a boon he had  conferred upon humanity.
  After the meeting, it was determined by the  committee  to appeal to
the citizens for contributions  to the Morton Fund; and the committee,
with great pleasure,  report that the  appeal has been most generously
responded  to, the sum of five thousand  dollars having already  been
contributed.
  On motion of Dr. Vanderpoel, the Secretary was directed to trans-
mit an account of the action  of the Society to Dr. Morton.
                                 P. McNAUGHTON,  President.
  J. R. Boulware,  Secretary.
Albany, N. Y.,  Nov. 30,  1864. 
                  PKOCEEDINGS
                          OF THE

ERIE  COUNTY  MEDICAL  SOCIETY,
                          ON THE
          MOETOJST  TESTIMONIAL.
                                   Buffalo, Feb. 4th, 1865.
  A special meeting of the Erie County Medical Society, was held at
their new rooms, in the Young Men's Association Buildings, Saturday,
Feb. 4th,  1865, at 8  p.  m., C. C. F. Gay, M.  D., President of the
Society, in the chair, for the purpose of hearing some remarks by Dr.
Morton, on the origin  and use of practical Anaesthesia.  The Presi-
ident, Dr. Gay, introduced  Dr.  Morton  to the  Society,  who pro-
ceeded to give a detailed account of the discovery by himself of Anaes-
thesia,  and its use in hospitals and on the battle-field, and the  bitter
experience he had in its introduction.
  Upon the conclusion of his remarks, Dr. Rochester addressed the
meeting, saying that a testimonial should be given to the Doctor in re-
turn for his expenditures, and his discovery, and moved a committee of
eight be appointed by the chair,  to  take action in  the matter j  which
was  adopted.  The President  appointed  as such committee,  Drs.
Rochester,  Harvey,  Samo,  Lothrop, Barnes, C. C. F. Gay, Geo. N.
Burwell 'and Julius F. Miner.
  Upon motion, the Society adjourned till  Monday, 8 p. m., for the
further consideration of the subject.
  Adjourned meeting, Monday, Feb.  6th, 1865.  Dr.  C.  C. F. Gay,
President, in  the chair.
  The committee appointed at the meeting Saturday evening, made a
report, and offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously
adopted:
  " The  Committee appointed to express, in a proper manner, the
thanks of this Society to Dr. Morton, for his full and  satisfactory 
85
account of  his discovery of  the  anaesthetic  properties of Sulphuric
Jither, and his statement of difficulties  attending its  introduction and
use, submit  the following report:
   "It appears  beyond a doubt to medical men, that Dr. Morton is the
discoverer of the anaesthetic properties of  Sulphuric  iEther, and that
he was the first to clearly demonstrate that  the condition of Anaesthesia
—a condition in which there is an entire insensibility to pain—could
be  safely  and certainly produced.  He is,  therefore,  the practical
originator of anaesthetic inhalation.
   " Morover we are indebted very greatly, if  not wholly, to his great
personal efforts, not only for its discovery, but for its adoption and use.
For, this  most precious gift to humanity met  at first with incredulity,
if  not positive hostility, and  no ordinary courage  and energy  were
requisite to  establish the use of an  agent which has been of  such incal-
culable benefit  to humanity in  preventing and suspending pain.  And
we may assume that its benefits are not confined to its being the most
certain and  safe means of alleviating pain  yet made use of  in surgical
practice, for its very power to prevent pain has given increased success
to severe  operations in surgery.
   "It further appears, that  for this important discovery, taking  rank
among  the  most important  gifts to  humanity,—analogous  to that of
the great Jenner,—Dr. Morton has  not only not received adequate com-
pensation,  but has, in his  efforts  to secure its adoption, made  great
pecuniary sacrifices, for which he has repeatedly sought, but has, as yet,
failed to  receive, a national reward—such a reward as has been, m
discoveries of a like nature but of less importance, given by European
governments.
  "The great value  of the anaesthetic inhalation is  now  fully estab-
lished.  Thousands of painless operations  have fully demonstrated its
benefits, and its safety.  It has robbed surgery of its terrors.  A great
amount of human  suffering, which once seemed inevitable, is by its
power wholly prevented.  As a profession wc daily witness its power
and  its benefits; we  are  therefore daily reminded  of  him, who  first
demonstrated the safety and practicability of anaesthetic inhalation and
established its practice.  To him we are indebted for this great benefit,
and to him  is due  the warmest gratitude of mankind.   We therefore
recommend  the passage of the following resolutions:
   " Resolved,  That the thanks of this  Society are hereby tendered to
Dr. Morton, for his clear and satisfactory statement,  in  wdiich he has
placed  beyond doubt Jiia  claims as the originator and  introducer of
anaesthetic inhalation. 
86
   " Resolved, That inasmuch as he has failed of national recompense,
we commend this appeal to the public to compensate him for the sacri-
fices he has made in establishing his claim, and especially we urge upon
this  community to contribute to the testimonial, in order that a most
beneficial discovery may not be made a cause of pecuniary loss to the
discoverer."

   The committee was empowered to sign a call, inviting the citizens of
Buffalo, to hear Dr. Morton give an account of the discovery and intro-
duction of a'tlier and  chloroform, and their use in hospital  and army
practice, as witnessed by himself, and further to  make appeals to them
for contributions  to the Morton Testimonial, in accordance with the
plans already adopted in other cities.
   On motion, the Society adjourned.
                               LEON F. HARVEY, Secretary.

   In  accordance  with  the above proceedings, the citizens  of  Buffalo
were invited to attend in the chapel of the Buffalo Female  Academy,
where Dr. Morton,  on being introduced by  Dr. Rochester, gave his
interesting lecture.  After the meeting, remarks, approving the move-
ment, were made by the Honorable Millard Fillmore, and others, when,
on motion of Mr. Farnum, the chairman was authorized to appoint a
committee of citizens to act in  concert with the  medical  committee, in
rerocuring  subscriptions to the  proposed testimonial.
   The citizens' committee appointed consisted of :
   A. Sherwood,  H.  A.  Richmond,  William  Dorsheimer,  Eben  C
Sprague, Charles D. Norton, Charles F. Wardsworth, James D. Sawyer
S. S. Guthrie.
   The result  of the joint applications  of these  committees  is  highly
satisfactoiy,  between four  and  five thousand dollars having already
been contributed.
                                         C. C. F. GAY,
                   President Erie Co. Medical Society, Buffalo, N.  Y. 
                    PROCEEDINGS
                             OF THE

MEDICAL  PROFESSION   OF  DETROIT,
                            OX THE
            MOETON TESTIMONIAL.
   At a meeting of the Medical Profession of Detroit, held at the house
 of Dr. Cobb, Saturday evening, May 12,  1865, Dr. Kane was called to
 the  Chair, and Dr. Noyes was appointed Secretary.  The Chairman,
 after calling the meeting to order, announced that the profession had been
 convened for the purpose of meeting Dr. Morton,  of Boston, who would
 address them on the origin and progress of Anaesthetic Agents.
   Dr. Morton then  proceeded to address  the  meeting.  After the
 remarks of Dr. Morton, it was moved that the undersigned be appointed
 a committee to express the views of the profession to Dr. Morton, and
 also to  arrange a plan for soliciting subscriptions  for the Morton Testi-
 monial, which is being raised by a society of eminent men, for the pur-
 pose  of  thus  substantially proving the high appreciation  which  Dr.
 Morton's  countrymen have of the great boon which  he has conferred
 upon humanity in the discovery of practical Anaesthesia.

   " The undersigned, a committee appointed at a special meeting of the
 Medical  Profession of Detroit, referred to above, have the honor to
 enclose to you a copy of  the  proceedings on the Morton Testimonial,
 and to address you on this subject.
   " This discovery is  in daily requisition throughout the civilized world.
 Every man in or  out of the army is liable to  the  misfortunes that
 would make the use of it invaluable to him.  Every day the persons
 who  use this  discovery must  be  counted  by thousands.   Our whole
country, in its  vast military and naval service, in  its extensive hospital
and naval practice, is constantly receiving  the immense benefits of this
discovery.  These have been conferred through Dr. Morton's labor and 
88
anxiety, at a heavy ruinous expense and loss.   The Senate Report, No.
89, 3rd Session, 37th Congress, on this subject, says:  An account stated,
supported by satisfactory evidence, shows that Dr. Morton has expended
in money, time and sacrifice of professional business, more  than two
hundred thousand dollars, in discovering, defending his discovery and
his rights thereto, and perfecting and giving the nation his pain-destroy-
ing agent.'
   " By reference to the  report already  referred to. it will be seen that
Dr. Morton's claims for  remuneration have  been examined by various
committees of Congress, who have made several  reports,  fully sustain-
ing his right, over all others, to the honors and emoluments  resulting
from this discovery; and that his claim  has passed through the various
legislative, executive and administrative  departments of the Govern-
ment, and during the last eighteen years has been repeatedly urged upon
Congress by petitions and resolutions from the great bulk of the medical
profession, scientific societies, professors and surgeons of the principal
colleges and hospitals, surgeons and officers of  the Federal army; and
that all of these means have failed  to secure him the slightest remuner-
ation from the Government, though several applications have been made
since the war commenced.
   " Under these circumstances, the public are under the greatest obliga-
tions to do what the Government has  failed or  been unable to accom-
plish ;  and more  especially at a time when his  discovery is  brought
into general use, and its great value in lessening pain and saving life is
so apparent.   We  trust the citizens  of Detroit  will evince  the same
readiness that other  cities have shown  in contributing their  share of the
proposed fund.  This  is due to one of  the most  praiseworthy objects
ever presented to our enlightened and patriotic  citizens.  Such contri-
butions as any may  be disposed to make, will be received by the follow-
ing members of the  Committee :
         S. G. Armor, M. D.,       Louis Davenport, M. D.,
         E. M. Clark, M. D.,       J. F. Noyes,  M. D.,
         N. D. Stebbins, M. D.,     Z. Pitcher, M. D.,
         Morse Stewart, M.  D.,    L. H. Cobb, M. D.,
         Edward Kane, M. D.,      William Brodie,  M. D.,
                                             Executive Committee."

  The committee also invited the influential citizens out of the profession
to confer with them  as to the most  efficient means of accomplishing the
end in view, when it wras declared that Dr.  Morton shoiild adcjress the 
89
Board of  Trade, and the citizens generally.   In accordance with this
view, a public meeting was called, when Moses W.  Field was  chosen
President, and Dr. Geo. Frelder. Secretary.   At an  adjourned meeting
in the City Hall, Dr. Morton  addressed a  highly respectable audience,
after which, on motion of N. W. Brooks, the following gentlemen were
appointed a committee to act on the part of the citizens, in conjunction
with the Medical Committee,  in soliciting subscriptions to the proposed
fund:
   H.  P.  Bridge, R.  W.  King,  Moses  W. Field, John Hosmer, Alan-
son Sheley, Geo. F. Bagley.
   The result of these joint applications has been most satisfactory—over
three thousand dollars having already been subscribed.
                           EDWARD KANE, M. D,
                                  Chairman of the Medical Committee.
E 
90
Proceedings  of the Medical Profession  of Chicago, on  the Mor-
                         ton Testimonial.
                                        Chicago, Nov. 17, 1865.
     At a regular meeting of the Cook  County Medical  Society, held
Nov. 10,  1865,  at Room  No. 5,  Court House,  Chicago,  the following
named gentlemen were chosen as an executive committee, to form a pre-
amble and draft resolutions in regard to bringing more prominently be-
fore the  public  the claim of  Dr.  W. T. G.  Morton, of Boston, Mass.,
in respect to etherization, and securing a testimonial for the same :
     Jonathan W. Brooks,  M. D., Ira Hatch, M. D., A. Groesbeck, M. D.,
0. M. Heydock, M. D., J. P. Ross,  M. D., T. D. Fitch, M. D., Charles
G. Smith, M. D.
                                         Thomas Bevan, Pres.
     D. Mills Tucker, Sec.
     At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Chicago Medical
Society, appointed to express the views of the Society to Dr. W.  T. G.
Morton, of Boston,  and to arrange a plan for soliciting subscriptions  to
the Morton Testimonial, the  following preamble and resolutions were
unanimously adopted:
     Whereas,  After innumerable trials, made during the last nineteen
years, it has been established  to the satisfaction of the world that the
inhalation of sulphuric ether may  be safely employed for  producing in-
sensibility to pain ;  and,
     Whereas,  The attention of  the  Medical Profession,  and, through
it, of the  public generally, was directed to this fact by Dr. W.  T. G.
Morton, of Boston,  who first practically  demonstrated  that ether may
be safely  used  by inhalation for  annulling pain, in the Massachusetts
General Hospital, where,  on the  16th day of October,  1846, a severe
surgical operation was successfully  performed by the late Dr. John C.
Warren, without pain to the patient,  whilst under the influence of sul-
phuric ether, administered  by Dr. Morton ; and,
     Whereas,  Our National Government, whilst admitting the claims
of Dr. Morton, has failed to reward  him for this great service to his
country and to humanity ;
     Resolved, That in the opinion  of this Committee, the world is in-
debted to  Dr. Morton, for having practically proved the value and safety
of ether,  as an anaesthetic  agent, which directly led to the use of chlo-
roform, and  that he is, therefore,  entitled to the lasting gratitude  of
mankind.
     Resolved, That we cordially recommend to our fellow citizens the
National Testimonial Fund, lately  commenced  in Boston, New York and
other cities, in behalf of Dr. Morton.
                                 JONATHAN W. BROOKS, M. D.,
                                 IRA HATCH," M. D.,
                                 0. M.  HEYDOCK, M. D.,
                                 A. GROESBECK, M. D.,
                                  CHARLES G. SMITH, M. D.,
                                 J. P. ROSS, M. D.,
                                 T. D. EITCH, M. D.,
                                            Executive CommiUee.
  Dated Chicago,  Nov. 11th, 1865. 
91
    The following invitation has been extended to the citizens of Chicago to listen to a Lecture
from Dr. Morton.
LECTURE.
Dear Sib :

           Dr. Moeton, of Boston, who first practically proved the value and safety of Ethei
as an anaesthetic agent, is to give at the.....................................................
..............................on.................................Evening, November........
at 8 o'clock, an account of this great discovery and an outline of the history of its use.  The
employment of this wonderful agent, after the late battles, in alleviating the sufferings of our
wounded heroes, will be described, and its introduction in Europe, and the action  of the
learned societies and governments, their according the honor to our country, will be noticed.
A more intensely  interesting history never  attended  a  similar effort, and  aside from the
importance of the subject itself to our race, all intelligent citizens will be amply  repaid for
their presence by  the details of those struggles and sacrifices made by the  indefatigable
author of this great remedy.

    The attendance of yourself and family is respectfully invited.
Rush  Medical  College.
Professor Daniel Brainard, M. D.
Professor J. V. Z. Blaney, M. D.
Professor J. Adams Allen, M. D.
Professor J. W. Freer, M. D.

                        Chicago  Medical
Professor H. A. Johnson, M. D.
Professor Wm. H. Byl'ord, M. D.
Professor P. Mahla, M. D.
Professor Ralph N. Isham, M. D.
Professor De Laskie Miller, M. D.
Professor E. Ingalls.
Professor R. L. Rea, M. D.
Professor E. Powell, M. D.

College.
Professor Edward Andrsws, M. D.
Professor John H. Hollister, M. D.
Professor J. S. Jewell, M. D.
Professor O. M. Heydock, M. D.
Chicago  HVIedical  Society.
Thomas Bevan, M. D., President.
Swayne Wickersham, M. D.
A. Groesbeck, M. D.
N. Loverer, M. D.
Ira Hatch, M. D.
Charles G. Smith,  M. D.
Edward L. Holmes, M. D.
M. M. Magoffin, M. D.
P. L. Macdonald, M. D.
D. R. Dyeke, M. D.
John Barbour, M. D.
Rev. John C Burroughs, D
Professor Alonzo J. Sawyer, A. M.
Professor J. O. Hudnutt.
Professor Wm. Matthews, A.  M.
 University
D., President.
       D. D. Wait, M. D.
       Jas. P. Ross, M. D.
       L. D.Clarke, M. D.
       Robert S. Addison, M. D.
       N. G. Bogue, M. D.
       T. D. Fitch, M. D.
       J. W. Brooks, M. D.
       J.  P. Lynn, M. D.
       B. M. McVickar, M. D.
       W. W. Allport, M. D.


ef  Chicago.
       Professor J. W. Stearns.
       Professor John C. C. Clark*.
       Professor Alonzo J. Howe, A. M.
Rev. Z. M. Humphrey, D. D., First Presbyterian Church.
Rev. E. W. Patterson, D. D., Second
Rev. Arthur Swazey, Third
Rev. Alfred Eddy, Olivet
Rev. D. X. Junkin, North
Rev. Robert Patterson, D. D., Reformed    "
Rev. Wm. W. Patton, D. D., First Congregational Church.
Rev. Henry J. Whitehouse, Bishop of Illinois, Cathedral.
Rev. P. B. Duffield, Chaplain to Bishop of Illinois.
Rev. Robert H. Clarkson, St. James' Church.
Rev. Clinton Locke, Grace Church.
Rev. H. N. Bishop, D. D., St. John's Church.
Rev. C. E. Cheney, Christ Church.
Oev. Wm. W. Everts, D. D., First Baptist Church.
Rev. E. J. Goodspeed, Second
Rev. O. H. Tiffany, D. D., Grace Church.
Rev. R. M. Hatfield, Wabash Avenue Church.
Rev. Robert Collyer, Unity Church.
Rev. W. H. Ryder, St. Paul's Church.
Rt. Rev. James Duggan, D. D., CathoMo Bishop of Chicago.
Kev. Willis Lord, D. D., Theological Seminary.
His Honor J. B. Rice, Mayor of Chicago.
Luthsr Haven, Collector of the Port of Chicago.
J. Y. Scammon.      Stephen F. Gale.      U. II. Crosby. 
92
     At a meeting of citizens, called at the  house of Lieut. Gov. Bros.*!,
to meet Dr. Morton, of Boston,  that gentleman g;ive a very interesting
history of his trials and difficulties in  the introduction of his discovery
of the anaesthetic properties of ether, his efforts to obtain, through Con-
gress, remuneration for the money  he  has expended, and the appeal of
the Medical  Profession to the public,  to do  what the Government has
failed to do.   After some remarks  by  gentlemen present, on motion of
Luther Haven, Esq., Collector of the Port,  the following, citizens  were
appointed a Committee to act in concert  with the  Medical Committee,
iilrcady  raised, in presenting this subject to the citizens of Chicago for
the purpose of securing the end proposed:
     Luther Haven.
Chas. Walker.
Louis Wahl.
Eli Bates.
D. J. Ely.
W. H. King.
J. C. Dore.
Geo. Watson.
Charles H. Brown
Edwin Hunt.
E. L. Jansen.
J. S. Turner.
Geo. C. Walker.
W. Munger.
C. G. Hammond.
 E.  C. Larned.
 Mark Skinner.
 A. F. Mack.
 Henry Greenbaum.
John C. Burroughs, D. D.
John V. Ayer
T. B. Blackstone.
W. W. Boyington.
 B. V. Page.
B. W. Raymond.
Nelson Tuttle.
A. Gibbs.
L. B. Sidney.
P. L. Underwood.
W. W.  Farwell.
    The appeal has been most generously responded to,  about fifteen
thousand dollars having already been raised.
                          JONATHAN W. BROOKS, M.  D.,
                                        Oltairman of Joint Committee 
         SUBSCRIPTIONS

                        TO THE

MORTON   TESTIMONIAL.
   MASSACHUSETTS.

        BOSTON.

Ames, Oliver & Sons.
Appleton,  Chas. H.
A friend, by J. J. May.
Andrews, Wm. T.
Austin,  Ed.
Ames, Oliver
Andrews, "VVm. T.
Atkins, E.
Amory,  C.
Adams,  C. Frederick
Baldwin, A.  C.
Bradlee, Sam'l
Borlond, John
Barker,  E.
Bigelow, E.  B
Bryant,  J. F.
Bird, John A.
Beal, James H.
Bates, John D.
Bigelow, J. W.
Blackburn, Geo.
Bullard, Wm. S.
Barnard, George  M.
Brooks,  P. C.
Burrage, J. C.
Blanchard, Edward
Bowditch, Mrs. E. B.
Bacon, D.  G. M.  B.
Bayley,  J. P.
Bates, B. E.
Brimmer, M.
Cushing, Lemuel
Curtis, B.  R.
Chandler, John
Clark, C. AV.
Codman, Charles
Codman, Edward
Codman, C. R.
Codman, John Amory
Cabot, Edw.  C.
Callander,  Henry
Cabot, Samuel
Cuflhing, J. G.
Colby, Gardner,
Chickering, T. E.
Chandler, W.
Dehon, William
Dexter, F. Gordon
Dorr, Chas. H.
Drake, Tisdale
Eaton, W.
Eklridge, E. B.
Kllis, Jonathan
Endicott. W., Jr.
Fay, Richard, Jr.
French,  Jona.
Forbes,  R. B.
Fraziar,  A. A.
Francis,  Nathaniel
Faxon, Goo. N.
Fearing, Thacher & Co.
Fostei, John
Fiske, P. S.
Gardner, John L.
Gray, J.  C.
Greene, Miss S.
Glover,  Jos. B.
Gardner,  J. L., Jr.
Goodwin, Ozias
Gardner, Geo. A.
Gardner, G.
Gardiner, W. H.
Greenleaf, R. C.
Greenough, W. W.
Gardner. Joseph P.
Grant, M. P.
Ilunnewell, James
Hammond, Sr*n'l
Homer, Peter T.
Hall, M. L.
Howes & Crowell
Horton,  Wm.  H.
Hooper,  W. Sturgis
Howe, Solomon H.
Harris, X.
Heard, A.
Howe, Geo.
Howe, Thomas
Hammond, Gard. G.
Johnson, Ebenezer
Jeae,s, David
Kuhn, G. H.
King, Edward
Kimball, Daniel
Kindrick, Wm. W.
Kimball,  George
Lyman, Arthur T.
Lombard, J.
Lawrence, Amos A.
Loring, Mrs. E.
Lawrence, James
Little, James L.
Lawrence, Abbott
Lee, T.
Loring, A. M.
Lyman, Charles,
Lodge, J. E.
Lodge, G. H.
Larkin, Stackpole & Co.
Lawrence, T. B.
Lyon, John E.
Munroe, Wm.
Mixter, Charles
Mason, Wm. P.
Mudjee, E R.
Messenger,  G. W.
Merrick,  P.
Mason, Charles
Minot, Geo. R.
Matthews, VV.
May. F. W. G.
Maynard, W.
Nickerson, Sereno D.
Nickerson,  F.
Ness. M. V.
Nickerson, Edw. G.
Naylor & Co.
Nash, Nath. C.
Plympton, Henry
Parker, Wm.
Patterson, E., Jr.
Peirce. A.
Perkins, A. T.
Perkins, T.  Henry
Perkins, T. D.
Pickering, H. W.
Parker, Richard T. 
94
Pierce, T. W.
Parkman,  G. F.
Rotch, B. S.
Kice, Alex. H.
Rice, Edward E.
Reed, Sam'l G.
Read, James
Russell, Sam'l H.
Richardson,  Geo. C.
Richards,  W. B.
Eastman,  C. J.
Rice, Lewis
Revere, Joseph W
Shad wick, C. C.
Sigourney, Henry
Sturrs, John
Spooner, W. B.
Sprague, Wm.
Sayles,  Maria F.
Stedman, Josiah
Secgreave, J. T.
Shaw, Mrs. R. G.
Sheafe,  Wm.
Sturgis, W. P.
Shaw, G.  H.
Sears, J. N.
Sears, David
Sargent, Turner
Shimmen, Eliza
Simmons,  Geo.  W.
Simpson, M. II.
Sleeper, Jacob
Shaw, Quincy A.
Sturgis, Robert  S.
Thayer, Mrs. J.  E.
Tilden, C. L.
Tucker, A.
Tucker, W. W.
Tilden, Geo. W.
Turnbull,  G.
Upton, George B.
Wales, Mrs. andMisa
Whitney, N. D.
Waterson, Robert
Witt, W. W.
Wales, T. B. & Co.
Whitney,  D. R.
Wade,  R. S.
Welhuell, John G.
Wade, R.  I.
Wioslow, Geo.  S.
Wiggles worth, E.
Whitman & Wright
Whitney, Joseph
Wright, Eben
Wright, J. H.
Wright, John S.
Wills, Charles
     FALL RIVER.

Borden, Richard
Borden, Jefferson
Durfee, Nathan
Durfee, F. B.
Slade,  Jonathan
Sherman, Richard M.
Stevens, Julia A. B.
Young, M. B.

        LOWELL.

Allen,  Otis
Ager, J. C.
Burke, Wm. A.
Burbank, Samuel
Livingston, Wm. E.
Meadowcraf't, James
Nesmith, John
Nesmith, Thomas
Patch,  C. B.
Talbot, C. P.

    NEWBURYPORT.

Coffin,  Chas. H.
Hale, Josiah L.
Hale, Mrs. S. W.
Lunt, Charles

        LYNN.
Chase,  N. D.
Tapley, A. M.
Tapley, F. P.

    NEW BEDFORD.

Arnold, James
Anthony, Caleb
Anthony, D.
Bourne, J., Jr.
Bartlett, Geo. F.
Clifford, John H.
Delano, J. C.
Greene, D. R.
Grinnell, Jos.
Hathaway, Wm., Jr.
Hathaway, F. S.
Hathaway, Thos. B.
Hathaway, B.
Hermance,  Gee.,  Jr.
Howland, Sylvia A.  (by
  Wm. Gordon.)
Howland, Matthew
Howland, Abm. S. S.
Howland,  G., Jr.
Jones,  Edward C.
Mandell, T.
Perry, John H.
Rotch, Wm. J.
Swift, Jr., Jr.
Stowe, Abraham S. S.
Swift,  W. C. N.
Taber, Wm. C.
Thompson, James D.

        SALEM.

Allen, JohnFiske
Bertram, John
Brookhouse, R., Jr.
Cunven, James B.
Cabot, J.  0.
Emmerton, E.
Fabens. Chas.  H.
Hunt,  W.
Lord, N. J.
Miller, Chas. H.
Nichels, John H.
Peabody, F.
Putnam, Jacob
Poor, Henry
Pickman, W. D.
Peabody, Geo.
Rogers, R. I.
Ropes, C.  A.
Silsbee, John B.
Silsbee, J. H.
Stimpson,  J. C.
Upton, James
Webster, John
West, B. A.

      TAUNTON.

Albor, C.
Baylies, Edmund
Cushing, S. G.
Field, Albert
Hale, Artemas
Hartshorn, Jesse
King, S. B.
Morton, Marcus
Morse, Lovett
Mussey, John
Newbury, Thompson
Stetson, Nahum
Wishing, E.
Whittenton Man. Co.

     WORCESTER.

Bullock, A. H.
Conant, Edwin
Coes, Lainy
Coes, A. G.
Crampton, G. 
95
Curtis, A.
Davis, J.
Dewey, F. H.
Lemoy, J. A.
Moore, P. L.
Smith, Chas. W.
Teney, J. A.
Washburne, Chas.
Washburne, Ichabod
Wellington,  T. W.
        MAINE.

        AUGUSTA.

Bradbury, J. W.
Bartlett, E.
Cony, Samuel
Coburn, Abner
Kennedy, Mrs. Dr.
Lombard, A.
McCollum, Duncan
Nason, E. A.
Rice,  N.  D.
Smith, Edwin. Esq.
Stanley, G. W.
Williams, Joseph H.

        BANGOR.

Bangor House
Billings, 0.
Brown, Walter
Bugbee, David
Dale, Samuel W.
Dwinez, Rufus
Edy, Jonathan
Egery, Thomas N
Field, Timothy
Hathaway, Geo. & Chas.
Hodgman, T. H.
Jewett, G. K.
Littlefield, James
O'Donohue, James
Pickering, G. H.
Roberts,  A. M. & Son
Stetson, Isaiah
Sandford, Chas. B
Thaxter, Sidney
Thompson, A.
White, J. C.
Wing, A. A.

         BATH.

Clark, F.
Drummond, Wm. & Jas.
Houghton Bros.
Moses, W. V.
 Morse, J. P.
 Oliver, Moses
 Patten, John
 Patten, G.  E. R.
 Patten, Jas. F.
 Patten, Geo. F.

        BELFAST.

 Johnson, R. C.
 Johnson, A. W.

       GARDINER.

 Burgess, Geo.
 Bradstreet, Wm.
 Whitmore, N. M.

       PORTLAND.

 Billings, L.
 Brown,  Warren
 Brown,  J. B.
 Bacon, D. M.
 Chase, W.
 Churchill, E. &  Co.
 Clark, C.  S.
 Cram, R.
 Cummings, N.
 Cutler, Isaac M.
 Curtis, Ezra, Jr.
 Coyle, J. B.
 Deering, Mary L.
 Dana & Co.
 Deblcis, Thomas A.
 Dana, J. H.
 Dyer, J. W.
 Dor-nell, J. E. (by H.
 Farmer, J. L.
 Folles, C.
 Fox, Edward
 Gerrish, Oliver
 Greenough, Byron
 Husey, F. C.
 Hersey, T. C.
 Jones, Thos. R.
 Jose, H. N.
 Kimball,  W.
 Little, H.  J.
 Libbey, H. J.
 Lynch, J.
 McCobb, Jas. T.
 Miller, N. J.
 Molton, W.
 Poyson, H. M.
 Richardson, Israel
 Rand, J.
 Richardson, F.  P.
| Spring, Andrew
Spring, Sam'l E.
Steele, F.
Sturdevant, Cvrus
Thomas, W. W.
Tyler, Samuel
Woodman, Geo. W,
Walker, J.
Wood, Rufus E.
      ROCKLAND.

Fessenden, Samuel C
Williams, Timothy

      THOMASTON.

Elliot, John
Gilchrist, Levi B.
Humphrey, Henry B
Ludwig, M. R.
O'Brien, Edw.
Ourebek, James
Prince, C.
Robinson, Susan
Stetson, William
Singer, Wm.
Stott, John
Watts, Samuel
NEW HAMPSHIRE

    PORTSMOUTH.
    NEW YORK.

       ALBANY,

Amsdell,  Geo. «r
Anable, Samue^
Armstrong, 0. W.
Barnard,  F. J.
Banks & Bros.
Baker, Ellis
    Austin, Daniel
    Robinson, Chas.
    Burroughs, C.
    Cotton, Leonard
g -v  Cash, J. P. L.
 ';  Tredick, J. M.
    Haven, Geo. W.
    Jones, W. P.
    Jennis, R.
    Jones, Albert
    Ladd, Mrs. H.
    March, Clement
    March, John P.
    Pierce, D. H.
    Robinson, C. 
96
Boyd, D. J.
Burt,  Chas. A.
Chamberlain, Frank
Corning, Erastus
Corning, Erastus, Jr,
Crook, Thos. P.
Douglas, John
De Witt, Wm. H.
Dawson, George
Edson, Franklin E.
Friend Humphrey's Sons
Gansevoort,  Peter
Hendrick,  James
Jenkins, C. M.
Johnson, R.  J.
Kidd, James
Lansing, C. B.
Lansing & Co., Henry
Merchant,  L. &  W.
McCoy, E. B.
Newton, William
Olcott, Thomas  W.
Orr, David
Prentiss, E. P.
Pruyn, John V. L.
Preston, Wm. S.
Pumpelly, H.
Ransom, Albion
Redrield, Chas.  B.
Reynolds.  Dexter
Root,  J. G.
Ransom, S. H.
Reade, M. H.
Schuyler,  Thomas
Strong, Wm. N.
Steele & King
Sumner, Alanson
Shepard & Co.,  A.  D.
Shear, Packard  & Co.
Thomas, Wm. G.
Townsend, Franklin
Tillinghast & Co., Wm.
Tweddle, John
Ten Eyck, V.
Taylor Sons, John
Thatcher & Co.. Goo. P.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen
Van Santvoord, A.
Van Heusen & Charles
V.n Sickler. R.  M.
Vosburgh, Isaac W.
Van  Antwerp. Win. M.
Vide, 'iaurice E
Williams,  :'  p.
Wilson. La i-i na k  Co.
Wic'.e  K
Wilcv>. A If .-el
Wlii <\ Do'-.sr'as ',
   NEW YORK CITY.

Armstrong & Son
Astor, Wm. B.
Alstyne, John
Arthur,  E. II.
Boorman, J.
Belmont, August
Ball, Black & Co.
Bishop, J.
Bulkely, Sheldon k Co.
Brown, James
Bridge, John
Brewer & Caldwell
Babcock & Milnor
Brvson, P. B.
Breeden, B. F.
Clarlin. H. B.
Cornell, J. B. & W. W.
Collennet & Atherton
Carey, John,  Jr.
Collins, Stacy B.
Coleman, W.  T. & Co.
Coddington, T. B.
Cram, W. W.
Colgate, Richard S.
Congreive, C.
Clark, Wilson & Co.
Carey, John J.
Chancy, Henry
Connolly, C. M.
Donaldson, James
Davis, C. Augustus
Davis, Thomas E.
Duncan, D.
Dubois, C.
Deven, Chas.  R.
Dobis, T. E.
Ely, A. K.
Field, Benj. H.
Fellows. Wm.
Fellows & Co.
Furniss, W. P.
Fraughtton, Eugene
Goodhue, Chas. C.
Griswold, Geo.
Graves,  E.  Bovner
Groesbeck,  David
Gilbert, Clinton
Green.  C. R.
PJrepn, J. C.
Hewitt,  Abram S.
Howland. G.  G
Hobson, G. G.
Hunt. Wilson G
H.-.ni-y.  ^mitii : '!'  •■>■
  send
Ho.rvin. Hmui'I---
Ishart, Brown
Johnston, John T.  wii^j
Jewett. T.
Jones, Geo. F.
Ketchura, Morris
Kernocha#i, Joseph
Langdon, E.
Lorillard, P.
Lenox, Jas., (by J. Browr*)
Lowe, A. A.
Lambert, Edward A Co.
Ledyard, II.
Lord, J. R.
La Farge,  John
Morgan, E. D.  & Co.
Macv, Josiah & Sons
Marshall, Chas. H.
Merritt, Geo.
Minturn, Edward
Marsh, S.
Meyer, H. k F. W.
Moore, C.  B. W. H. I.
Minturn. R. B.
Newbold, Edgar
Olrich & Co.
Opdyke, Geo.
Post, Geo. D.
Peufold, John
Penfold, Wm.
Penfold, Edw.
Pell, Alfred
Pierrepont, Henry  E.
Ray, Robert
Suarer. L.  8.
Spencer, C. L.
Swan, Benj. E.
Sampson, Joseph
Spencer, D.
Sherman, W.
Stevens, John  A.
Sherman, Collins & Co.
Sanderson,  E.  F.
Smith, Gerritt
Smith, Cornelius
Stout, Mrs. A. G.
The Society of the New
  York Hospital (by Geo.
  P. Trimble,  Pres.)
The   Commissioners  of
  Emigration < f the Slate
  of  New  York (b.\  G.
  C. Verplaeck.)
Trowbridge, D wight it <"o
T.ti'iiuv A- Co.
Trin i !e G<>..   'I.
    .-. .1   I. 1 avid
\V ,.,.«• mu  \V,-.i. \\ 
(*7
Whitlock, B. M.
Walker, Joseph
White, W. Aug.
Willetts, E. M.
Watree, R. W.

        BUFFALO.

Adams, James
Allen, Orlando
Altman & Co.
Atwater, E. M.
Bennett,  D. S.
Brayley,  James
Bullvraore, Richard
Cornell & Son, S.  G.
Derrick,  S. N.
Dobbins, D. P.
Dole, Thos. D.
Evans, J. C. & E. T.
Evans, Charles W
Fargo, Wm. G.
Gates, G. B.
Glenny, Wm. H.
Graves, W. T.
Holloway, Isaac
Howard, R. L.
Ketchum, Jesse
Laverack. Wm.
Nims, 0. L.
Palmer, Everard
Pease, F. S.
Pease, Sheldon
Plempton, L. K.
Pierson, Edward
Prosser,  E. S.
Ramsdell, 0. P.
Rich, Andrew J.
Richmond, H.  A.
Schoellkopp, J. F.
Shepard,  S.
Sherman, R. D.
Sherwood, A.
Thompson,  A.  P.
Utley, Horace
Vought, John H.
Wadsworth, Charles F.
Watson, S. V.  R.
Wilkeson, Wm.
   RHODE ISLAND

       NEWPORT.

Burns, Mrs. Wm.
King, E.
Macomb, A. S.
Robeson, A.
     PROVIDENCE.
 Adams, Seth, Jr.
 Angell, Wm. G.
 Adir, Alex.  H.
 Bradford, Taft & Co.
 Bailey, Wm. M.
 Beckwith, A. W.
 Brown, A. N.
 Bowen, T. D.
 Bullock, Julia
 Barstow, A.  C.
 Brown, John Carter
 Carpenter, Earl
 Caswell, Alexis
 Comstock, Wm.
 Corliss, Geo. H.
 Duncan, David
 Davis,  Edmund
 Dorrance,»Wm. T.
 Davis,  Thomas
 Goddard, Charlotte R.
 Gorham, John
 Harris, C F.
 Harris, Edward
 Harris, Avis L.
 Hill, F. J.
 Hill, T. E.
 Howard, Geo. A.
 Humphreys,  James
 Ives, Anna A.
 Ives, Robert H.
 Jackson, Benj. N.
 King, Edward
 Lippitt, Henry
 Mason, Wm.
 Mason, John N.
 Manton, Amasa
 Mason, E. P.
 Owen,  Smith
 Owen,  George
 Peck, A. C.
 Pearce, Edward
 Pierce, Asa
 Pavne, Daniel
 Potter, N.  F.
 Reynolds, Wm.  H.
 Rhodes, Jas. T.
 Richmond, G. M.
 Sprague, A. & W.
 Smith,  Jas. Y.
 Slater,  Wm.  S.
 Seagreeve, Jacob T.
Taft, Orray
Shepard, Thomas P.
Slater,  H. N.
Smith,  Amos D.
Sprague, Byron
Grosvenor, Wm.
Smith,  Nathaniel
 Slater, H. N., Jr.
 Stnrjris, Robert L.
 Tobey, Sam'l Boyd
 Thurber, Dexter
 Wheaton. S B.
 Waterman, Rufus
 Woods, M.  H.


     MICHIGAN.
       DETROIT.
 Adams, T. K.
 Barker, K. C.
 Brooks & Adams
 Buhl & Dncharme
 Bagley, John J.
 Baldwin & Co., H.  P.
 Benson, H. E.
 Buhl & Co., F.
 Buckley & Co.
 Campbell, G.
 Campbell, Linn & Co.
 Clark, J. P.
 Davis, Ira
 Dceltz,  Bros., G.
 Dey, A. H.
 Emmons, H. H.
 Farrand, J. S.
 Freedman,  Simon
 Ford & Philbrick
 Grout,  J. R.
 Hinman, A. B.
 Heavenrich Bros.
 Heineman, E. S.
 Hallock & Son
 Hubbard, B.
 Hudson, E. W
 Hutchings,  John
 Jones, A.
 Kanter, Edward
 Merrick & Son, E. G.
 Moore, Foote & Co.
 Merrill,  Chas.
 XToyes, W. R.
 Owen, John
 Parker, Willard
 Preston, David
 Parsons, P.
 Richardson, D. M.
 Stearns, Frederick
 Stephens & Co., John
 Trowbridge, Wilcox & Co.
 Town & Sheldon
 Teflt, W. H.
 Tillman, J. W.
 Whitney, David, Jr.
 Whiting & Co.. J.
Wight,  H. A. &S. a.
Waterman,  J. W. 
98
       ILLINOIS.

       CHICAGO.

 W. B.  Ogden.
 Gage, Waite & Co.
 Wesley Munger.
 D. J. Ely.
 Hale & Ayer.
 Gilbert Hubbard & Co.
 Turner & Sidway.
 N. K. Fairbank.
 Wirt Dexter.
 Smith & Nixon.
 Wahl Bros.
 T. B. Blackstone.
 Charles H. Brower.
 Hall, Kimbark & Co.
 Philip Wadsworth.
 Wolcott & Dore.
 W. T. Shufeldt & Co.
 Ballentine,  Lawrence  &
  Co.
 Tribune Company.
 Purington & Scranton.
 Hayden,  Kay & Co.
 Chicago Republican Co.,
  (by A.  A. Mack.)
 H. Greenebaum & Co.
 Geo. Walker.
 Joseph T. Ryerson.
 Wm. Blair & Co.
 Jesup,  Kennedy & Co.
 E. B. McCagg.
John B. Turner.
 Perry H. Smith.
 H. W.  Blodgett.
 J. H. Dunham.
 W. E. Doggett.
 J. & H. Chapman.
 G. & A. L. Laflin.
 Edward Ely.
 T. M. Avery.
 W. B. Keen & Co.
 Jesse Spalding.
 Goss & Phillips.
 Pearson,  Avery & Co.
 H. F. Eldred.
 Ross & Gossage.
 N. Ludington.
 Hannah,  Lay & Co.
 F. B. Gardner.
 Hiram  Wheeler.
 A. B. Meeker.
 L. B. Boomer.
Jas. C. Fargo.
 Geo. R. Chittenden.
Thoa. S. Dickenson.
 Wm. A. Butters.
 John L. Hancock.
 C. B. Goodyear.
 Hibbard & Spencer.
 Culbertson, Blair & Co.
 Munn & Scott.
 Matthew Laflin.
 Larrabee & North.
 W. H. Kretsinger.
 C H. Henderson & Co.
 Mahlon D.  Ogden.
 B. M. Whipple.
 Pollard, Doane & Co.
 Chas. Duffield.
 John H. Foster.
 Geo. L. Dunlap.
 J. Beidler <fc Bros.
 Wm. H. & S. P. Lunt.
 Barrett, Arnold & Powell
 J. H. McVicker.
 Jno. R. Walsh.
 James H. Hoes.
 Weber, Williams & Fitch
 Root & Cady.
 Fox & Howard.
 Peter Page.
 Holbrook & Parker.
 McKindley, Ingraham  &
  Co.
M. Reineman.
Murry Nelson & Co.
Jones & Small.
Edwin Hunt & Sons.
T. J. Surdam & Co.
P. H. Willard.
E. B. Myers & Chandler.
Gilbert & Sampson.
Barton & Jones.
H. K. Elkius.
J. F. Temple.
Thos. H. Beebe.
A. H. Miller.
J. H. Little-.
Hubbard & Hunt.
 Charles Tobey.
 F. D. Tator & Co.
Parker, Cul ton & Sprague
 D. W. Irwin.
 Gilbert, Updike & Co.
 W. M.  Egan.
 Frederic Sturgis.
 Jones & Laughlin.
 Leander Read.
 Sands'  Ale Brewery Co.
 Lill & Diversy.
 Downer, Bemis & Co.
 John A. Huck.
 Henry B. Miller & Son.
 Peter Schuitler.
 Tolraan Wheeler.
 R. T. Crane & Bros.
 Henry Fuller.
 R. Somera.
 J. H. Wood.
 C. L. Rice.
 Jacob Friedman.
 T. W. Baxter.
 John B. Atwater.
 Barnum Richardson Mfg
  Co.(byC.C.Kellogg,jr.)
 C. E. Olmstead.
 H. C. Childs.
 Wm. H. Ovington.
 C. Mather Smith.
 M. Talcott.
 Spruance & Preston.
 A. Wallbaum.
 Culver & Co.
 Busch & Brand.
 Gottfried & Slioenhofer.
 K. G. Schmidt.
 Hunt, Barbour & Hale.
L. DeGraff.
R. H. Champion.
Furst & Bradley.
H. Sayrs.
Geo.  Church.
Queal & Scott.
Geo. W. King & Co.
N. Hawkins.
Low, Bros. & Co.
A. E. Bishop.
H. & A. Keep.
0. R. Butler.
Seeberger &  Breakey.
John A. Tyrrell.
B. F. Sherman.
Benj. F. Russell.
 Collins & Burgie.
James  Duggan,  Bishop
  of Chicago.
P. W: Gates.
 Wm. H. Boyington.
 A. E. Goodrich.
 Wm. F. Tucker & Co.
 Field, Benedict & Co.
 A. N. Fullerton.
 Chicago Board of Real
  Estate Brokers, (by S.
  H. Kerfoot, Prest.)
 R. M. & 0. S.  Hough.
 Geo. W. Pullman.
 E. Frankenthall & Co.
 Seibert & Woeffer.
 Andrew Brown.
 Wm. B. Young & Co. 
99
"Geo. W. Fuller.
 H. G.  Loomis.
 C. H.  Beck with.
 Smith Brothers.
 Aug. A. Putnam.
 B. H.  Skinner.
 M. 0.  Walker.
 Beek & Write.
 John L. Clarke.
• Joshua R.  Nichols.
P. R.  L. Haidenburgh.
A. Ortmayer & Co.
Philo Carpenter.
N. Matson.
Schwab,   Mc Quaid  &
  Smith.
B. F.  Quimby.
Moore & Stearns.
J. F.  Dobson & Co.
S. J. Russell.
Wyeth & Vandervoort.
Fuller & Ford.
N. Schneider.
Arthur Burgess.
Davis, Wade & Co.
Coan  & TenBroeko.
R. B. Mason.
Day, Allen & Co.
J. E. Goodrich & Co.
Geo. M. Higginson.
Edwin C. Larned.
Sam'l D. Clarke.
Thos. P. Byrn.
Condict, Woolley & Co.
A. D. Reed.
Jas. Marks & Bro.
E. P. Marsh.
Sam'l T. Atwater. 
 
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