4> x j2+*m* t ' A REPORT ON THE SANITARY CONDITION OF GIBRALTAR WITH REFERENCE TO THE EPIDEMIC CHOLERA In the Year 1865. < J t h* DR. SUTHERLAND. t >) T-pTJ .*¦ T% :ss)(?> Wyc oenteU to tot!) &otto*o of Harliameitt tii> tfoinmanH of W* MmHv* August 1867- LONDON: PRINTED BY GEORGE EDWARD EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 1867, Wcii CONTENTS REPORT. PAGE I. Mortality from Epidemic Cholera at Gibraltar is 1865 - - - l General Sanitary Condition of Houses - 20 House Drainage - - - — - 20 11. Health op the Population before the Appearance of Cholera - - 2 Effect of House Construction on Venti- lation - - - - 21 111. History of the Epidemic - - - 3 Effect of Overcrowding - - 21 Cholera in Arabia - i> - 4 Want of House-cleansing - - - 22 Cholera in Malta - - - - 4 3. Sanitary Condition of Houseswhere deaths from Cholera took place in the South Districts - - - - 22 22nd Regiment in Malta - - - 4 Cases in 22nd Regiment at Gibraltar - 5 First cases on the North Front - - 6 4. Sanitary Condition of Barracks at the time Cholera prevailed - . r - 22 First cases within the Garrison - - 6 Affected Localities in Spain - - - 6 Grand Casemates - - - - 22 IV. Statistical Distribution of Cholera - 7 a. Distribution of the earlier epidemic cases 7 Moorish Castle Barracks - - - 23 Orange Bastion - - - - 23 Epidemic of iB6O - - - 9 Prince Albert's Front - - - 23 Distribution of the Epidemic of 1865 - - 9 King's Bastion - - - ' - - 23 b. Among the Civil Population - - 9 Wellington Front - - - 24 Effect of Altitude - - - - 10 Town Range Barracks - - 24 Death Rates in divisions of Gibraltar - - 10 Hargrave's Barracks - - 24 c. Distribution of Cholera in Barracks - 11 South Barracks - - - - - 24 d. Distribution of Cholera in Married Quarters - - - - 12 Buena Vista Barracks - - 24 Europa Hutment - - - - - 24 c. Distribution of Cholera among Convicts 1 3 V. Local Predisposing Causes of Cholera - .13 Windmill Hill Barracks - - 25 Naval Hospital - - - - 25 1. Sanitary condition of the North Front - 13 North Front Nuisances - - - 14 5. Sanitary Condition of Married Quarters where Cholera occurred - - - 25 North Front Cottages - - - 25 Condition of Water Supply North Front 1 5 Summary of local Causes ditto. - 17 2. Sanitary condition of Houses where Moorish Castle Quarters - - 26 Hargrave's Married Quarters - - 26 deaths from Cholera took place in the Crutchets Ramp - - - 26 6. Cholera in the Prisons - - 26 Town of Gibraltar - - - 17 Windmill Hill Prison - - - 26 Causes of high Death Rates at gi'eatest altitudes - - - - 17 Moorish Castle Prison - - - - 26 Predisposing causes of Cholera in the Convict Prison - - - - 26 VI. Summary of Facts regarding the Cholera OF 1865 IN REFERENCE TO MEASURES FOR PROTECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH - 27 town ... . - 18 State of sewerage - - - - 19 Paving - - - - - 19 Condition of the Water Supply - - 19 VII. Practical Results of the Inquiry - 30 APPENDIX. Table I. Showing the number of cases and Table VI. Showing the state of health of the deaths from Cholera among the Military Population of Gibraltar during Civil Population of Gibraltar from January Ist, 1864, to December 31st, the Epidemic of 1865 - - - 36 Table 11. Cholera death Return for the Gibraltar 1865 - - - - 42 Table VII. Showing the number of Cholera cases Epidemic of 1865, showing the dates and deaths among the Civil Popula- and deaths in each district - - 38 Table 111 Approximate Return of the fixed tion of Gibraltar during the year 1860 43 Table VIII. Showing the localities of deaths from population in each district of Gibraltar Cholera among the Civil Population in 1865 previous to the Cholera - - 40 Table IV. Showing the number of cases and of Gibraltar in the year 1865 - 44 Table IX. Giving the number of deaths from deaths from Cholera among the Civil Population of Gibraltar during the Cholera among the Civil Population of Gibraltar in each affected house - 47 Epidemic of 1865 - - - 40 Table V. Showing the cases and deaths from Table X. Particulars of the wells on the North Front - - - - 48 Cholera in Gibraltar during the Appendix No. XI. Analyses of water from three Epidemic of 1865- - - 41 wells - - - 48 a 2 PAGE PAGE Appendix No. XI. B. Correspondence about and deaths from diarrhoea and cholera among the Soldiers' wives and children at Gibraltar during the water used on board the " Poonah " - 49 Table XII. Statistical Return showing the Sani- tary Condition of dwellings of the Civil Population of Gibraltar where deaths from Cholera^occurred during Epidemic of 1865 - - - 86 Appendix No. XVI. Report and recommendations of Special Board of Inspection on the the Epidemic of 1865 50 North Front, April 1866 - - 94 Table XIII. List of Sanitary Works completed Appendix No. XVII. Condition of the Cemetery 97 Appendix No. XVIII. State of Vaccination in in Barracks up to the outbreak of Cholera in Gibraltar, about Aug. 1865 districts 25 and 27, Gibraltar - 97 Table No. XIX. Return showing the Number 68 Table XIV. Showing the Sanitary Condition of affected Quarters, together with cases and deaths from diarrhoea and cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar during of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, on account of the Occurrence of Cholera in Ports or Countries Avhence such Ships cleared, between Ist January 1865 and 30th the Epidemic of 1865 69 Table XV. Showing the Sanitary condition of affected Quarters, together with cases September 1866 - - 98 PLANS. Mb. 1. Map of Gibraltar. No. 4. Plan and Section of Dwelling Houses in District No. 27. No. 2. Plan of the Town of Gibraltar, showing the Sewers and localities of deaths from Cholera. No. 5. a. Sewers in relation to the Ventilation of Patios. b. Block Plan of houses. !Wo. 3. Plan of Camping Ground and Wells on North Front. 4 REPORT ON THE SANITARY CONDITION OF GIBRALTAR WITH REFERENCE TO THE EPIDEMIC CHOLERA, In the Year 1865. To the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for War. In compliance with instructions directing me to proceed to Gibraltar to examine on the spot the local conditions under which cholera had manifested itself during the late epidemic, with the view of ascertaining whether additional experience obtained from it in any way modified those conclusions regarding improvement of the garrison at which Captain Galton and I had arrived in our " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations :" — I beg to state that before proceeding to hold the enquiry, I prepared and sent out statistical forms for obtaining an accurate record of the facts as they occurred, and of the sanitary state of barracks and houses at the time the disease appeared in them ; that in September last I went to Gibraltar, and placed myself in communication with the military and civil authorities, and with medical officers, from all of whom I received every necessary assistance and information. I likewise examined on the spot the localities where the disease had been most severe, together with their present sanitary defects ; and I shall now proceed to report the results of the inquiry. I shall first give the mortality from cholera in 1 865, together with an account of the public health of the garrison before the cholera aopeared. I shall, in the next place, state facts regarding the earliest cholera cases in the 2d battalion 22d regiment, which left Malta for Gibraltar after cholera had broken out in Malta ; and under this head I shall show the relation which existed between the Gibraltar epidemic and the disease in Spain. I shall then give an account of the first cases in the garrison and town of Gibraltar, in comparison with the epidemic of 1860, including the distribution of the epidemic in different districts and barracks. This will be followed by an inquiry into the local predisposing causes of cholera with reference to the effect of these on the health of the 22d regiment and of the garrison. Under this head will be given a general statement as to the sanitary condition of the town, barracks, and prisons of Gibraltar. I shall next introduce a summary of facts regarding the cholera of 1865 to show what are the measures required for protecting the public health ; and I shall conclude this report by giving the results of the inquiry in a practical form for use. I. — Mortality from Epidemic Cholera at Gibraltar in 1865. The first case of cholera during the Gibraltar epidemic of 1865 appeared on the 18th July, the last case on the 27th October. The disease attacked all classes of the community — troops, civil inhabitants, and convicts. The records of the army medical department, Table 1., give the mortality among soldiers and their families as follows : — — — Strength. Cases. Deaths. i _ Men - - 4,854 121 76 Women - 421 18 12 Children 703 24 18 Total - 5,978 163 106 At the present time the nolice authorities perform duties connected with the registration of deaths among the civil population, and their return, Table 11., gives the deathg from cholera, arranged according to districts to admit of comparison with the Population table, No. 111. A 19617. Bere are other two accounts of the mortality, one abstracted from the official return red by Deputy Inspector General Dr. Rutherford, Principal Medical Officer (Table IV). The other in Table V. was published in the Gibraltar Chronicle. The following abstract of deaths from cholera is derived from these three tables : — Cholera. Total fixed and floating") population - - y 17,491 . (Vide Table DX) J Police Eeturn - — 408 Principal Medical Officers Return 902 477 Gibraltar Chronicle - - 821 .420 • These very different accounts of the same event show that an improved registration of deaths is required. The number of convicts employed on the rock, and the deaths among them, were : — Cholera. Average Numbers. ' Cases. Deaths. 850 79 54 The following abstract shows the proportions per 1,000 of attacks and deaths among all classes of the community. Cholera per 1,000 of Population. f . ¦ ¦ Attacks. Deaths. Soldiers * - 24-9 15*6 „ wives r ,4 42-7 28-5 ;. „ children - 34* 25 • 6 Civil population - 47* 23*3 Convicts - - 93» ' 63-5 Out of an approximate aggregate population of 24,319 there were about 1,100 cases, and, on the lowest estimate, 568 deaths from cholera. The attacks were in the ratio of 45 per 1000 of the total population, and the death-rate was 23*3 per 1000, which if it had occurred among the inhabitants of the metropolis would have been represented by 46,000 epidemic deaths. The sexes and ages of 408 deaths in the Police return are given in the following manner (Table No. 11.) :— Boys - - 40 Girls • 46 Men- - - 142 Women - * ' - 180 Total - 408 The disease existed in the garrison for about three months, but the maximum mortality took place in the latter end of September. During the last three weeks of this month there were 336 deaths from cholera, among all classes of the population. II. — Health of the Population before the appearance of Cholera. Up to the time when the epidemic appeared there was no great amount of diarrhoea among the troops; and Table XIV. shows that even after cholera prevailed attacks of diarrhoea did not always precede attacks of cholera in the same regiments and barracks ; but as many unrecorded cases were treated while only the more important cases were registered, there are no means of ascertaining this point with accuracy. 2 HISTORY OF THE EPIDEMIC OF CHOLERA OF 1865. 3 EThe facts regarding the civil population deserve notice. Dr. Baggetto of the civil pital states, that towards the middle of May 1865, two months before the first case of cholera appeared, he attended in his private practice a child with vomiting and violent diarrhoea, followed by great prostration, sunken eyes, and other alarming symptoms, not produced by fruits or by aliments of difficult digestion. Two of his own children were also similarly attacked without having committed any errors of diet. 11 ¦ ¦ * I * •111* n . «i i . ill •-««¦••. About this same period choleraic cases of a similar character took place in Malta. The civil medical practitioners charged with the medical relief of the poor afforded much useful information as to the state of health of this class before the epidemic appeared. But as all were agreed that the best statistical evidence on this subject would be derived from the records of the civil hospital, where gratuitous advice and medicine are given to out-patients, an abstract, including the principal gastric affections relieved during two years 1864-1865, was prepared at the hospital and is given in Table VI. The following is a summary of this table for the first seven months of each year preceding the month of August, on the 19th day of which month in 1865 the first case of cholera appeared among the civil population of the town : — Months, , , , Sickness or All other January to July inclusive. Dyspepsia. Colic. Diarrhoea. Dysentery. vomiting. Diseases. 1864 446 268 252 47 116 8,525 1865 420 231 239 26 131 7,969 As it is the custom to register all applications, these numbers represent the visits of out-patients for each class of diseases, and not necessarily new cases. This table shows a slight increase of visceral affections in the earlier months of 1865, chiefly in May, June, and July of this year ; there is nothing special in the facts, except the apparently large amount of gastric affections prevalent in Gibraltar at all times, and the probable influence of this state of health in predisposing people to attacks of cholera during epidemic seasons. But as we approach close to the appearance of cholera, indications of a change in the public health of the town become more distinct. Dr. Trenerry, physician to the Civil Hospital, has been kind enough to draw up a table showing the daily number of new cases of these gastric affections which presented themselves at the hospital for treatment during the month of August in the years 1864 and 1865. The following is an abstract for the first 18 days of the months in each year : — 1864. 1865. Dyspepsia - -27 38 Colic - - - 18 18 Diarrhoea - - 28 46 Dysentery - - 2 1 Sickness and vomiting - 9 20 84 123 EThe numbers are rather small for the purposes of comparison, nevertheless it is a ct that the applicants for relief of these affections in 1865 exceeded by one-third the numbers during the same days in 1864. As soon, however, as cholera appeared in the garrison, diarrhoea broke out all over the town, and Table VI. shows that the proportion of gastric cases among applicants at the civil hospital rose immediately. • From returns made to the Government by civil medical practitioners, it appears that during August, September, and October, the epidemic months^ they attended above 7,000 cases of diarrhoea. Nearly every person on the rock appears to have suffered more or less from diarrhoea at one time or another. There are no means of ascertaining whether diarrhoea preceded cholera by a few days in the districts attacked, as is usually the case, but there is every reason to believe that it did so, and that the Gibraltar epidemic of 1865 was no exception to the general rule in this respect. 111.— History of the Epidemic. h hall now proceed to . give some account of the epidemic itself, together with i stances attending the appearance of the earliest cases. HISTORY OF EARLIER CASES OF THE EPIDEMIC OF 1865. 4 Cholera in Arabia. Cholera in Malta. 22nd Regl ment in Malta The epidemic cholera of 1865 began in Arabia, during the Mahomedan pilgrimage, early in the month of May. The disease f appears to have been preceded by a fatal form of typhus, which broke out among the inhabitants of Mecca, Medina, and Djedda in the spring of the year. And we know from official accounts that an epizootic disease was prevalent along the eastern shores of the Mediterranean at the same period. There is no reliable account of the public health in Egypt before cholera appeared there, but in Malta there was an unusual prevalence of gastric affections during the first six months of 1865. The mortality from typhus fever was double the average, as was also the mortality from gastro-enteritis, a disease attended by diarrhoßal and choleraic symptoms, and which eventually merged into cholera. The epidemic was attended with great mortality in Arabia during the first three weeks of May. The first known case in Egypt took place at Suez on the 21st of the month. A case occurred among pilgrims near Alexandria on the 22d May. The earliest case in Alexandria itself took place among natives living with pilgrims on June 2d ; and cholera appeared among the general population on June 12th.* Two days afterwards, on the 14th, the fact was telegraphed to Malta, and on the same day all arrivals from Egypt were placed in quarantine.f While the disease was still confined to Arabia, and before the first case appeared in Egypt, a violent outburst of choleraic disease took place in the village of Birchircara, in Malta, two miles from Valletta. The attacks were at first reported as true cholera, but were not so. The first case took place on the 17th May, and cases continued to occur until the disease passed into true Asiatic cholera two months later. Three daj's after the outbreak at Birchircara, namely on the 20th May, a similar choleraic disease broke out among soldiers families in the Lazaretto at Malta. The symptoms were the same as those observed at Birchircara. They were sickness, vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps, coldness of skin followed by reaction. Next day, the 21st, the earliest known cases of cholera out of Arabia took place at Suez. As already stated all vessels arriving from Egypt were placed in quarantine on and after the 14th June. At this date severe diarrhosa cases, followed at a later period by fatal cases of diarrhoea, and these by cholera, began to show themselves in the Ospizio at Eloriana. The first case of diarrhoea, in a passenger from Egypt in the Lazaretto at Malta, took place on June 23d, and the first case of cholera was landed on the 28th from the *? Wyvern." But before either of those dates, namely on June 20th, cholera had already broken out with great severity in the plague hospital among soldiers families who had been suffering for some time previously from diarrhoea, occasioned apparently by the very bad sanitary state of the quarters. This, the first outbreak of cholera in Malta, was exclusively confined to these families, with the exception of one fatal case in a man who was engaged in lime washing the buildings. There is no proof of any communication between these cases and any previous source of infection. The outbreak was indigenous and local. It consisted of seven cases in the plague hospital, all except one of which proved fatal. The plague hospital where the cases occurred is one of tne most unhealthy localities in Malta. It stands on an island in the Quarantine harbour. The nearest point at which passenger and mail boats from Egypt are anchored is between 500 and 600 yards distant. Before the establishment of quarantine, pilgrim ships would enter the great harbour and cast anchor about a mile from the plague hospital on the opposite side of Valletta altogether. On July Ist the families amongst whom these cases had occurred were removed to St. Salvatore counterguard below Floriana Barrack. The same afternoon six women who had been placed in the casemates at St. Salvatore were attacked, and on the 2d another woman was seized. The first case of cholera among the civil population took place on July 3d, in a woman living in Valletta ; and on the 6th three soldiers children who had been removed from the plague hospital, and placed under canvas at St. Salvatore, were attacked. The sanitary history of the 2nd battalion, 22nd regiment, in which the first cases of cholera occurred at Gibraltar, begins from this date. The regiment had been quartered at Pembroke Camp, three miles distant from Floriana, and appears to have been in good health. There was no cholera in the camp. The regiment was under orders for the Mauritius. It moved from Pembroke Camp on the sth July. It marched * The principal facts and authorities will be found in my report " On the Sanitary Condition of Malta and " Gozo, with reference to the Epidemic Cholera in the year 1865." They were given to me officially, but Colluchi-Bey, president of the Egyptian Board of Health, states (Gazette Medicale, May 10, 1866), that the first case of cholera in Egypt took place on June 11th. •f There was another outbreak of cholera at the Mecca pilgrimage in 1866. Cases took place at Mecca, Medina, Djedda, and also in Egypt; but the disease did not take on the epidemic form in 1866 in these centres of the epidemic of 1865, although cholera prevailed over the northern and central districts of Europe as an epidemic in ioou. HISTORY OF EARLIER CASES OP THE EPIDEMIC OF 1865. 5 Cases in 22nd Rcgi ment at Gibraltar, hrough Floriana without passing near any locality where there was cholera, and embarked on board the " Orontes," which was lying off the hay wharf in the quarantine harbour. t was at one time thought that possibly the regiment might have become infected from laving been embarked near a place where there was cholera or from a drain proceeding rom the counterguard. which enters the harbour 200 yards or more from the place where the ship was moored. There had, no doubt, been cholera in the counterguard, but there had been no cases for three days before the regiment embarked, and moreover it never was near the counterguard. Injury from the drain was impossible. The drain is a small opening under water, and perfectly innocuous. I The first case of cholera in Pembroke Camp, where the 2d battalion, 22d regiment, had een stationed, took place in a woman on the 20th July. The first case in a soldier was a the 27th of the month. It will be seen that the regiment had left Malta a fortnight id three weeks before these occurrences. It is important to remember certain almost contemporaneous events in Algeria indicative of a western movement of the epidemic. On July 10th, four days after the 22d regiment had sailed from Malta, two indigenous ases of cholera took place at Dellys on the coast of Algeria, above 500 miles west f Malta. One of these, which proved fatal, was in a Kabyle prisoner, who had been )rought from Fort Napoleon in the interior. Two days later, on the 12th, another case ook place in a European, 100 miles from Dellys, and quite in the interior of the ountry. Another fatal case took place on July 24th in a European workman, who was aken ill and died at Medeah, 60 miles S.W. of Algiers, after having passed the day f the 23d in Algiers where there was no cholera. Similar cases continued to occur •om time to time over a large area of country before the epidemic appeared in force. On July 24th the first cases took place in Gozo. (These facts show that cholera was at this time appearing in detached indigenous cases er a large area of the southern Mediterranean seaboard, and that it was progressing wards the West. On the 6th July 1865, as already stated, the steam transport " Orontes" left Malta for Gibraltar, having on board the 2nd battalion of the 22nd regiment, together with invalids and time-expired men, besides women and children. A number of cases, of chronic affections chiefly, were embarked among the invalids, but the only new case which occurred during the voyage was of heart disease, which proved fatal to one of the time-expired men. The ship is stated to have been comfortable and clean, and there were no complaints about the diet. The 22nd came to Gibraltar in perfect health on the 10th, after a voyage of four tys, and as the ship which was to take the regiment on to its destination at the auritius had not arrived, the men were landed and marched to the usual camping ground, on the North Front, outside the fortress, at 1,000 yards and upwards from the walls. With the exception of a single trifling case of diarrhoea, the regiment remained in perfect health after landing until the 18th, when a private, named Bird, presented himself to the medical officer about 9 o'clock at night, labouring under cholera, of which he died at about half-past 10 the following morning. It is not known whether this man had had any previous diarrhoea, but he was at parade at 7 o'clock of the evening of the same day, or two hours before he was seized with cholera. This was the first case of the Gibraltar epidemic of 1865. Immediately after the occurrence of this case, on the morning of the 19th, the camp was broken up. The head-quarter wing, in which the case had occurred, was embarked on board the " Star of India " which had arrived from England. The ship was detained in the bay for 48 hours as a precautionary measure, after which delay she proceeded on her voyage, every one on board appearing to be healthy. The transport for the conveyance of the 2nd wing not having arrived, the troops were moved to a new camping ground on the east side of the North Front, close to the Mediterranean, and 400 yards further away from the garrison. Two cases of diarrhoea occurred among the men on this new ground, but otherwise they remained healthy until the 31st July, when a man named Davis, of intemperate habits, who had moreover been complainiug for two days previously, was attacked with symptoms of cholera at 1 1 o'clock a.m. and died at 8 o'clock the same evening. The transport " Devonport," for the conveyance of the 2nd wing, arrived from England on the afternoon of the 30th. On the death of the man Davis the troops were immediately put on board, and after a detention of 60 hours, the troops having remained in perfect health in the interval, the vessel sailed for the Mauritius. During the voyage there were five cases of diarrhoea on board the Star of India ; and 6 HISTORY OF EARLIER CASES OF THE EPIDEMIC OF 1865, First cases on the North Front. First cases within the Garrison, Affected localities in Spain. two cases of diarrhoea on board the Devonjport, besides two cases of diarrhoea embarked at Gibraltar. With the exception of these diarrhoea cases all of which recovered, both transports arrived at their destination without any choleraic disease. The outbreak of cholera in the 22nd regiment began and ended on the North front. The " Orontes," which had brought the regiment from Malta, arrived at Gibraltar, as already stated, on the 10th July. She remained until the 14th, and having taken other invalids on board, she left for England on that date, carrying with her 83 time-expired men, 91 invalids, 21 women, and 27 children. After a voyage of six days she arrived in England on the 20th July, without having had any new case of sickness of any kind on board. This completes the history of the 22nd regiment, and of the transports which carried it. I shall next proceed to state what took place after the 22nd regiment and all connected with it had left Gibraltar. Exactly underneath, and close to, the precipitous and vertical sides of the rock rising above the North Front, there is a sloping surface of rock, at the foot of which is constructed a range of inferior cottage dwellings of one floor. The ground is higher behind them than it is in front ; there is no drainage, and the water supply is bad. There are cess-pits amongst the houses, which are, moreover, close to a large burial ground,* and they are exposed to the effects of nuisances which I shall presently describe. In one of these cottages lived a corporal of the 15th regiment and his family. This cottage is 800 yards distant from the camp, occupied by the 2nd wing of the 22nd regiment ; the intervening ground is a sandy flat, exposed to sea breezes, but also to the nuisances ab6ve referred to. On the 3rd August, three days after the last fatal case in the 22nd, the corporal and a child aged four years were seized with cholera. The father died in 48 hours, and the child in 15 hours. A third attack occurred in another child of the same family. This case recovered. There was no other case until six days later, the 9th August, when a woman belonging to the Royal Engineers, inhabiting a cottage in the same locality, was attacked arid died in 56 hours. These six earlier cases all took place outside the garrison, and at some distance from the town. Next day, the 10th of August, was marked by a sudden and violent outburst of the disease in the Grand Casemates, 800 yards distant from the preceding cases, and cut off from the locality where they had occurred by the huge intervening mass of the rock and works. Early in the morning a private living in one of these casemates was seized and died in eight hours. During the afternoon and night other seven cases, two of a very severe character, occurred in the same barrack, and curiously enough on the same day, the 10th, a child of a civilian was suddenly seized with cholera, and died on board a lighter in the harbour, 140 yards distant from the nearest point of the grand casemates, and nearly 1,000 yards from the cottages where the previous cases had taken place. Three days afterwards, on the 14th, two cases occurred, one in a soldier of the Royal Engineers, inhabiting one of the North Front cottages, the other in the south district, in a child of a civilian, living a mile and a half away from the nearest of the preceding cases. This case recovered. On the 15th a fatal case occurred in a soldier in the North Front cottages. On the 16th August two other cases occurred on the North Front, both in civilians : one fatal, in a native living at the limekiln ; the other, which recovered, in a Spaniard living at the slaughter-house. On the same day a child in . the North Front quarters was attacked. On the 18th another fatal case occurred in the Grand Casemates. i These various localities are marked on map No. 1. A question has been raised, as to whether the 22nd regiment did not bring cholera from Malta? The answer, I am of opinion, is given by the mere facts of the case : There is the highest probability that if the 22nd regiment had never landed at Gibraltar, they would have shared the immunity of those left on board the " Orontes ;" that there would have been no cholera among the men, and that it was because they were exposed to the unhealthy conditions about to be described that two of them died. Moreover, there is every probability that cholera was already in Spain when the 22nd arrived, and that it was about to become epidemic. I have endeavoured to obtain the precise dates officially of the appearance of the disease in the Peninsula, but without success. The Colonial Office at Gibraltar, however, placed at my disposal the " Gibraltar Chronicle " and other documents* from which the following particulars have been abstracted. But it must be borne in mind HISTORY OP EARLIER CASES OF THE EPIDEMIC OF 1865. 7 that the cases in Spain took place at dates anterior to those given below. These are mostly the dates of publication. Gibraltar, North Front (22nd Ke- Carthagena - Sept. 1 Bariana - - - }f Q Albicete - - - - „ 6 Madrid - - -? - „ 6 Barcelonaf - - „ C Six towns in Valencia - - ?6 Alcaniz (about 500 miles N.E. of Gibraltar) - - - ?6 Cultera - - - „ 6 Jativa - - - - „ 6 Caspe - - - „ 6 Several towns in La Mancha - ? 6 Palma in Majorca - - „ 6 Many towns in Andalusia - „ 6 St. Koque - - - ¦, 12 Seville - - - -?15 giment) - July 18 Gibraltar, North Front cottages - Aug. 3 Valencia,* Murcia, Alicante in suspicion ¦»• - „ 5 Gibraltar Grand Casemates - „ 10 Valencia - - - - „ 12 Malaga and Seville (season type) - ?12 Barcelona (sudden deaths from sporadic " colica ") - „ 12 Madrid, Valencia - - - ?14 Gibraltar Town - - „ 19 Cadiz - - - „ 23 Spanish cordon across neutral ground - - - ?24 Barcelona (cholera) - - „ 25 Manzinares - - - „ 25 M. Didiot, principal physician of military hospitals, in his climatology of Marseilles, shows that long before any of these dates cholera had appeared in Marseilles, where on June 6th and 9th two cholera cases, one fatal, took place. The last case occurred two days before the arrival of the ship " Stella " from Alexandria, which was at one time supposed to have imported the disease into France. We have seen that cholera had appeared sporadically in Algeria on the 10th of July. The disease began to assume an epidemic character in that country at the end of August. Cholera is also stated to have been in Ceuta on the African side of the Straits before September 12th. Making every allowance for difficulties in the way of obtaining correct information on such subjects in Spain, these facts published at the time are sufficient to show that before cholera was established in Gibraltar, as an epidemic, the disease had already shown itself over many thousands of square miles of country, and that in reality it was nothing more than part of a cotemporaneous epidemic covering the eastern, central, and south-eastern districts of the Peninsula. It was in short part of the same great epidemic which destroyed multitudes of people in Asia, Europe, and Africa. IV. — Statistical Distribution of Cholera in the Garrison. a Distribution of the earlier Epidemic Cases. In describing the epidemic as it occurred among the civil population, it is necessary to premise, that for municipal purposes the town is divided into districts, market on the accompanying map, No. 2, and each district is subdivided into houses But these houses are not necessarily separate occupancies. Under the designation are included buildings of various sizes, with or without inner courts (patios), inhabited \y numerous families, and also single rooms built in line, the whole line being counted as om house. Bearing this in mind ; — the first cases which occurred among the civil population of the town of Gibraltar happened on the 19th August. Three cases, all fatal, occurrec on this day. One in district 17, house 14, in the centre of the town, about 800 yards from the grand casemates. Another in district 11, house 37, at some distance to the north ward. The third in district 21, house 11. This district is contiguous on the east to district 17. On the same day a sapper in the Town Range barracks, on the side o the street opposite to district 21, was seized and died in a few hours. On the 20th there were six new cases, which occurred at distant points from each other. One of these took place in the South barracks, a mile South of the town, in a soldier of the 23rd regiment. This man got diarrhoea on the 18th at the North Front. * The Minute book of the Gibraltar Board of Health lias the following entry under date August 4th.— " The Board took into consideration a communication from the Spanish authorities to the effect that arrivals " from Valencia and its neighbourhood were subjected to a rigorous quarantine of observation, and decidec " that a quarantine of seven days be imposed on arrivals from thence having health on board." It thus appears that Valencia, 350 miles from Gibraltar, was placed in quarantine by Gibraltar at the instance of the Spanish authoritiesjho day after the first case of cholera took place in the North Front Cottages, and 15 days before the first case occurred in the town of Gibraltar. f The following extract regarding Barcelona is taken from the same Minute book under date September 6th. — " A letter was read received from Her Majesty's Consul at Barcelona, dated Ist instant, informing the " Governor that although the deaths from cholera at that place amounted to 20 daily, yet the disease, was " declared not to be epidemic, and clean bills of health were still issued." A reference to Tables IV. am V. will show that this considerable mortality at Barcelona was taking place a fortnight before cholera hat arrived at its maximum at Gibraltar. ' ' x ' -¦¦ •• ¦ i A 4 On the same day two fatal cases occurred in Portuguese, employed at the contractor's washing sheds on the North Front. A case, in a Spaniard who recovered, took place at the slaughter-house, North Front; and there were two fatal cases in houses 18 and 28, both in district 27> about 270 feet above the level of the sea. This district suffered greatly in the subsequent course of the epidemic. On the 21st another fatal case occurred at the washing sheds ; and there was a case, also fatal, in district 24, house 41, at the southern extremity of the town. A case occurred at 9 a.m. on the 22d, in the person of a very intemperate man of the 9th regiment, on board the transport ship " Renown," lying at the new mole. This man went on board on the 21st, at 6.15 a.m., and was engaged in getting in the baggage. He was removed immediately to the hospital, and died in a few hours. The wing of the regiment, which was in perfect health, had embarked on board the transport on the 21st, but at a date subsequent to the appearance of the epidemic in the town.* On the same day, the 22d, a case occurred in Buena Vista barracks, in the south district, at a considerable distance from any previous case. Another case happened in district 11, house 25, at the north end of the town, and a third at the Devil's Tower, North Front. These cases all died. On the 23d August there was no case among the troops, but there were no fewer than 12 cases, half of which proved fatal, among the civil population of the town and North Front. The town cases were — in district 27, house 11; district 14, house 37; district 7, house 11 ; district 11, house 25 ; district 25, house 6 1 ; district 24, house 2 ; district 14, house 19; and in district 19, house 9, there were two cases on this day. There were three cases on the North Front, one at the Commissariat sheds and two at the slaughter-house. On the 24th a fatal case occurred in a soldier of the Royal Artillery in Moorish Castle barracks. Another in district 17> house 14, in a civilian, who died. Another, which recovered, took place in a Portuguese at the North Front. At this time the 78th Highlanders, who had disembarked from the " Windsor Castle " and " Renown" on the 15th and 17th August, were encamped at Windmill Hill, and on the 25th a case occurred in a soldier there. On the same day there were seven cases among civilians, two of which proved fatal. Four of these cases happened in district 24 (two in Gavinos' Asylum). One case occurred in district 19, another in district 14, and one in district 17« On this day there was a fatal case in a child in the grand casemates. The 26th afforded seven cases amongst the civil population, five of which proved fatal. They occurred in districts 25, 19 5 and 17. In house 9of district 19 three simultaneous cases occurred, and in house 7 two simultaneous cases. On the same day there was a fatal case in a child in Wellington Front. On the 27th there were four cases, in districts 16, 19, 22, and 24. On the 28th there were six civilian cases, in districts 5, 15, 17, and 26. I On the 29th a case occurred in a soldier of the 15th regiment in King's Bastion, nother case occurred in district 3, another in district 5, and a fourth on the same day at Catelan Bay, on the opposite side of the rock altogether. On the 30th a soldier of the Royal Artillery was seized in the Town Range barracks, and on the same day there were three fatal cases in districts 22, 25, and 26. On the 31st a case occurred in the 23d regiment in South barracks. The earlier cases of the epidemic have been transferred to the accompanying map of Gibraltar No. I, which shows the locality and order of attack.f They were scattered over the garrison at irregular distances and times, following in these respects the usual course of epidemic diseases. There is no appearance of the disease having spread from any centre or centres, nor of its having been conveyed into the town in water from a well near the camp where • Certain facts connected with the 9th regiment, and bearing on the history of cholera generally, were stated by Deputy Inspector-General Dr. Rutherford :—: — SThe first battalion of the 9th was quartered in King's Bastion, Wellington Front, and Town Range. The ft wing embarked on the 19th August for the Cape, on board the " Windsor Castle," and arrived all well. On the same day, the 10th of August, cholera appeared in the town of Gibraltar. On the 21st the head quarters' wing went on board the " Renown ;" and the next day, the 22d, the third day after cholera was in the town, the fatal case of cholera referred to in the text took place. The transport was hauled out into the bay and kept for 30 hours, and no subsequent case having occurred, she proceeded on her voyage. On the sth September, a fortnight after the fatal case at Gibraltar, cholera broke out on board the " Renown," and lasted 14 days, till the 19th. It was fatal to the ship's surgeon, nine men, one woman, and several children. It is worthy of remark, that the period of outbreak on board corresponded to the period of maximum intensity of the epidemic in Gibraltar, although the " Renown " was at the time far on her voyage to the Cape. The left wing, which took its departure on the very day cholera broke out in the town, escaped. The head-quarters' wing, which left four days later, suffered. f The map also shows the localities of all deaths from cholera on the north front, and in the south districts of the garrison. Map No. 2. shows the localities of all the civilian deaths in the town itself. 8 DISTRIBUTION OF THE EPIDEMIC OF 1865. 9 Epidemic of 1860. the first fatal case in 2nd battalion 22nd regiment occurred. Tables XII., XIV., and XV. which give the dates of death and the sources from which the sufferers had been supplied with water, show that there were 35 deaths from cholera among all classes of the population before a death occurred in a house, on August 27th, in which water from the north front camp well had been used. There were outbreaks in certain localities of more than usual severity, but the history of these early cases shows that the epidemic of 1 865 did not differ in its progress from other epidemics of cholera. It may be useful, before proceeding further, to compare the distribution of the earlier cases of cholera in 1865 with the epidemic of 1860, the details of which for the civil population are given in Table VII. prepared by the police authorities from their records. The first case of this epidemic appeared on August 14th, 1860. The first cases among the civil population of Gibraltar in 1865 occurred on August 1 9th, and on both occasions a fatal case occured in the same district, No. 21. The last case of the epidemic of 1860 occurred on November 30th in the same district, No. 21, where the disease began. The last case of the epidemic of 1 865 took place on October 27th. On the 15th August 1860 an outbreak took place in the Casemate barracks, and four soldiers were attacked. We have already seen that on the 10th August 1865 there were eight attacks in the same barracks. In both years the first cases among the troops within the fortress occurred in the Casemated barracks. The epidemic of 1860 began in the town, and broke out in the North Front on the 9th September. The epidemic of 1865 began at the North Front in the same cottages which were its earliest seat on the North Front in 1860, and afterwards attacked the town. In 1860 the number of attacks and deaths was as follows :—: — ¦ Attacks. Deaths. Soldiers - - 50 31 Soldiers' wives and children - - 18 10 Civilians - - 68 36 Convicts - - 58* 13 Total - - 194 90 * Including choleraic diarrhoea. The approximate total attacks among all classes in 1865 were about 1,100, and the total deaths at least 568. The epidemic of 1860 was scattered over the town just as the earlier cases were in the epidemic of 1865. Both epidemics followed the same law of progress, modified however by the fact that the epidemic of 1865 was sevenfold more fatal than that of 1860. Both epidemics attacked the same houses in the manner frequently observed in other unhealthy localities. In 1860, 27 dwelling houses in the town of Gibraltar yielded 35 fatal cases. During the epidemic of 1865, there were 40 deaths from cholera in 17 of the same houses. In 1860, in 18 houses there were cholera cases not fatal. In 1865, eight of these houses yielded 14 deaths from cholera. b. Distribution of Cholera among the Civil Population The next point of interest relates to the localities chiefly affected by the epidemic of 1865. The most correct index to these will be to take deaths rather than cases. People may differ as to the symptoms constituting cholera. The death is a fact. I shall show the distribution of this mortality first for the civil population. Table VIII. prepared by the police gives the locality of every civilian cholera death, and Table IX. gives the deaths in each house. The following abstract of this table, if compared with Maps 1 and 2, will show exactly where the epidemic was localised among the civil population. B The population of the districts has been added from Table 111. , i _.. . . -n i • Deaths from Deaths iv o *^ + -d™ I**,*™ Deaths from Deaths Districts Population. Cholera per iooo. | Districts. Population. Chole^ per 1000. North - 323 20 62- North (Town) Otelanßay - 401 2 5 j Districts: North (Town) 20 18 — — Districts : 21 646 13 20 1 126 2 16 ! 22 424 9 21 2 740 9 12 23 16 1 62 3 940 33 35- 24 1066 29 27 4 149 2 13-4 i 25 1097 32 29 5 848 15 176 | 26 798 36 46 6 309 3 10- I 27 862 64 78 7 211 5 23-6 I 28 32 2 63 8 154 — — South Districts: 9 234 6 25-6 1 337 5 15 10 266 2 75 2 179 — — 11 656 16 24-3 3 769 14 18 12 285 4 14 4 53 1 19 13 409 5 12- 6 110 5 . 36 14 609 14 23 j 6 212 2 9 15 365 8 21-9 7 123 3 24 16 473 8 17 | 8, 9, and 10. 238 -_ _ 17 493 10 20 Lighters — 4 _ 18 346 9 26 19 446 15 33 Total - - — 408 — These death-rates for the town and south districts require some slight correction, which there are no means of applying. The population of the districts given in this table is the fixed resident population, amounting in all to 13,018 for the town of Gibraltar, and to 2,021 for the south districts of the garrison. But the alien floating population, whose dwelling-places are not fixed, amounted to 1,732 for the town, and to 96 for the south districts. On the other hand, many of this class fled from the garrison when cholera appeared. The numbers on which the death-rates are calculated for the North Front and Catelan Bay include the floating population. The first result evident on the face of the table is, that the proportion of deaths to the population varied greatly in different districts of the town. The death-rates were ill some districts 12 per 1000 and under, while in other districts they were as high as 20, 27, 33, 46, 63, and 78 per 1000. An apparently anomalous peculiarity of the epidemic was the fact of the death-rate being highest in the most elevated and exposed districts of the town, while the lower districts comparatively escaped. Effect of By grouping the districts approximately into zones of different altitudes we obtain the altitude. following death-rates for each altitude : — Height in feet t Deaths from Deaths from Cholera above mean -watermark. Population. Cholera. per 1000. Under 30 - - - 1842 33 17. 30 to 150 - - - 7539 171 , 22.6 150 to 250 and upwards - 3673 149 40» ¦ ¦ - ' . ¦ These facts are sufficient to prove that altitude by itself is no protection against cholera, for during the late epidemic it is an unquestionable fact that the disease was most fatal in houses built on some of the best sites in the garrison. I shall afterwards show why this was the case. Death rates The preceding table shows that the fixed and moveable civil population of the North m divisions !?.,„„. .5.. O no ?.j it., ,i i .•¦> r» _¦. .-,... <&*_•• mJ-JK :.. L . .^ Front was 323, and that the deaths from cholera amounted to 20, giving a death-rate of 62 per 1000. * of Gibraltar. The death-rate from cholera in the closely peopled town of Gibraltar itself, calculated on fixed and floating population, was 27 per 1000. In the south districts, with a fixed and floating population of 2,116, there were 29 deaths from cholera, a mortality of 13*7 per 1000. Half of this death-rate however occurred in one^ single district out of 10 where the population is most dense and the sanitary conditions unsatisfactory. An important element in the history of epidemics is the proportion of deaths which takes place in each house. Table VIII. gives data of this class for 209 houses, but in 10 11 DISTRIBUTION OF CHOLERA IN THE BARRACKS. dealing with the facts it is necessary to repeat what has been already stated, namely that a " house " in Gibraltar usually includes several occupancies or families ; bearing this in mind, the following abstract shows the distribution of cholera deaths in 1865 according to "houses." Deaths per House. One. Two. Three. Four. : Five. Six. Seven. | Eight. Ten. Twelve. Number of houses - 128 43 19 7 5 3 1 1 1 1 It thus appears that 61 per cent, of " houses " or groups of population attacked, yield one death each. Table VIII. shows that the number of deaths in each group depended o a certain extent on the number of population it contained, but it also shows that the mortality in groups was influenced by some other conditions besides the numbers of population. Table XII. contains data from which the deaths on each floor of all the " houses " ca >c deduced. But in order to estimate the value of the facts we should require to kno he population on each floor, and also the position of houses with regard to slopin ground behind. Apart from all other exciting causes of cholera, it has long been know ;hat damp stagnant air caused by immediate proximity of higher ground behind dwelling s a powerful predisposing cause of disease, and as the houses where most of the death ook place in Gibraltar are built on rapidly sloping ground near the rock and across th natural fall of the drainage, the probabilities are that all the floors of houses in sue ituations, except the highest floors, are more or less affected by position. Of 330 deaths, the table shows that 176 took place on ground floors, that 136 deaths occurred on Ist and 2nd floors, and that there were only 18 deaths inrooras above the 2nd floor. c. Distribution of Cholera in Barracks. I next proceed to give similar statistical data for the barracks. The influence of each barrack on the amount of cholera among troops quartered in it cannot be precisely ascertained, because as soon as cholera appeared in the most unfavourable barracks the men were very properly camped out. This course was followed with the troops in the Grand Casemates, Orange Bastion, and King's Bastion. The following table gives the occupation of the barracks in July 1865, together with the number of cases of diarrhoea and cholera, and the mortality from cholera in each barrack from the beginning to the end of the epidemic. It will be seen that all the cholera cases which occurred in Orange Bastion and King's Bastion, the two worst barracks in the garrison, proved fatal. Epidemic cases from each barrack. Average Corps Strength Deaths Name of Barrack. occupying in each Diarrhoea. Cholera. from each barrack barrack Cholera in July 1865. in Joty per 1000. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Grand Casemates • 2/15 6131 15 __ n 3 4 Do#D 0# . K.A. 7oJ Moorish Castle - - - - B.A. 77 23 - 7 5 65 Orange Bastion - JJ-A. ?8 6 — 5 5 65 Prince Albert's Front - - - RA. 102 15 — 2 1 9 King's Bastion 1/9 49 2-4 4 71 Wellington Front 1/9 412 10 - 7 5 12 Gunner's Barrack - - «-A. 12 — — 2 — — Town Range jO2j 19 __ 2 2 8 Har^ve's Barrack ".'-"- - fcE. 95 20 - 2 1 9 £3X25? - \ ... *- ¦: **.£t*/» « ;>; > = « io s ssSar^f-. •..•:¦¦ :.: ./A« 5 % - iJ i i sssrsr*. •¦; -' \ *£ 3 - z z z Windmill Hill Huts - - - - 86 62 _ .- 1 -- -~ Catelanßay 86 63 1 -^ 3 1 11 ¦¦— . — .- . i ¦-¦¦ * 1 1 O The numbers in the table are too small to admit of their being used for any other than a very general comparison of the barracks with each other. The death-rates are nevertheless in some instances very high. Cholera was distributed over the barracks and hospital much in the same manner as it was in houses of the civil population. Table XIV. gives the localities of nearly all the cholera cases among troops in permanent buildings ; we learn from it that the disease attacked the inmates of 73 barrack rooms, casemates, and wards, of this number 56 rooms, or 77 per cent, of the whole number, yielded a single case per room ; 10 rooms had two cases each • six rooms had three cases and in one room there were four cases. Out of 110 cases there were 70 among men occupying ground floor rooms. There were 35 cases on first floors and five on a second floor. d. Distribution of Cholera in Married Quarters. The first fatal case of diarrhoea in a soldier's family took place in an infant a month old, at Windmill Hill huts, as early as June 3d, 1865. The next important case (which recovered) was that of a child above six years of age at the married quarters, Moorish Castle, on the 4th July. The next case was in a child a year old at King's Bastion on Tnlv <*W Another case took place at Moorish Castle on August Ist. On August 4th dU v °. , A __ r r_u:«i j r^i ;„ w^n;,,™*-^ i?,.™,* Z~a a.u~ and sth there were two cases, one of which proved fatal in Wellington Front, and the other at the North Front. On the 10th August three cases took place in soldiers' wives in the Grand Casemates. On the same day there were seven cholera cases among the troops in this barrack. I have thought it desirable to show the relation in date between these early diarrhoea cases and the outbreak of cholera. As already stated, the first fatal case of cholera amongst the civil population within the garrison did not occur until the 19th August. ' ¦> __ „.,_., The earliest case of cholera in a soldier's family was on August 3d in one of the North Front cottages. There was another in the same locality on the 9th August and another on the 16th. The first cholera case in a soldier's family within the garrison was in the Grand Casemates on August 30th. After this date diarrhoea and cholera appeared in various classes of married quarters all over the rock. The last case of cholera occurred at Windmill Hill huts on October 18th in a child, the case proved fatal next day. The amount of diarrhoea and cholera in the principal groups of quarters is shown in the following abstract of table XV. Bnt it is necessary to repeat here, that the tables only A elude the more important cases of diarrhoea among soldiers and their families. A very arffe number of cases were not recorded. o Diarrhoea. Cholera. Married Quarters. ¦ Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Moorish Castle ----37 — 7 5 Prince Albert's Front - 1 — — — North Front - - - - 1 — 4 3 Hargrave's Barracks - - 3 — 11 King's Bastion ... 9 1 1 I Crutchets Ramp - 1 — 1 — Buena Vista ---- — — 1 1 Grand Casemates - - - 11 3 2 2 Wellington Front - - - 2 1 1 1 Town Range - - 5 — 2 1 Buena Vista Huts - . - 2 1 1 1 Windmill Hill Barracks — — 1 1 Windmill Hill Camp 9 4 1 1 Europa Pass - - 6 1 — Europa Huts ----2 1 2 2 Soldiers' Home - 6 — 2 2 South Barracks - - — — 1 1 There are no means of ascertaining with sufficient accuracy the numbers of women and children in each class of quarters, so that the per-centages of cases and deaths cannot be given. Table XV. shows the localities of cholera cases in each group of quarters. We learn from it that out of 23 rooms the particulars of which are given, 21 rooms yielded a single case each, and that there were two rooms with two cases each. As regards floors attacked the same table shows that all the cases with two or three ml "1/1 exceptions took place on ground floors. 12 SANITARY CONDITION OF THE NORTH FRONT. 13 c. Distribution of Cholera among Convicts. As already stated, the average number of convicts employed on the rock during the epidemic was 850, among whom there were 79 cases of cholera and 54 deaths. At the time of the outbreak these convicts were employed as labourers all over the rock and were seized after working in various places both affected and unaffected in the neighbourhood. A number of cases occurred also in the convict prison among prisoners and officers. V. — Local Predisposing Causes of Cholera. 1. — Sanitary Condition of the North Front. The two first epidemic cases occurred, as we have seen, in soldiers of the 22nd regiment who left Malta on the 6th July on board the " Orontes." On that date the regiment embarked in perfect health, together with a number of time-expired men, invalids, women, and children. During the four days' voyage to Gibraltar there was only one new case of sickness on board (heart disease) ; the regiment disembarked and was encamped at Gibraltar on the 10th; at 9 o'clock p.m. of the 18th, eight days after disembarcation, and 12 days after the regiment had left Malta, the first fatal case of cholera occurred ; next day, on the morning of the 19th, the wing in which the case happened was embarked and reached its destination, the Mauritius, without any further casualty ; the other wing was on the same day moved to another camp ; on the 31st July a fatal case occurred in it, whereupon this wing was also embarked and reached the Mauritius also without further casualty. We have seen that the disease was exclusively confined to men who had been encamped on the neutral ground, while not a single case took place among the other soldiers, women, and children who were carried in the same transport from Malta either during the voyage to Gibraltar or during their subsequent passage to England, and that the earliest cases of cholera among residents took place on the North Front 800 yards distant from the camp where the second fatal case happened. On making inquiry whether any direct communication could be traced between the case in camp and the first cases in the cottage, it was stated by one of the medical officers that he had been informed that certain blankets which had been sent away from the camp for the purpose of being destroyed had been kept by the sergeant who was attacked. The evidence of the fact was, however, indirect and unsatisfactory ; it is nevertheless necessary that it should be stated here in order that its value, if it has any, may be estimated with reference to other facts about to be mentioned.* Let us next see, how far the occurrence of these earlier epidemic cases may not have been dependent on the bad sanitary condition of the North Front. The North Front is an area of nearly flat sandy ground raised only a few feet above the level of the sea, lying between the Bay of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, and extending northward from the rock to the boundary of the neutral ground which intervenes between the North Front and the Spanish lines. Its length from south to north may be taken approximately at 1,000 yards, and its breadth from east to west is about the same. Originally a sandy flat, lying between two seas, it was no doubt a healthy locality so far as regards subsoil and local position, and it has been in times past the chief camping ground of the garrison, and also of the civil population during severe epidemics. On these occasions it has always been found highly advantageous to remove to the North Front both troops and people from the close unhealthy barracks and houses within the garrison. No doubt it would be found so still, but whether it would be found similarly advantageous in its present sanitary condition, and while an epidemic constitution prevails, to place on it bodies of troops from a locality more healthy than itself is another question. The state of the North Front appears, first, to have excited attention after the late epidemic of cholera, and since then an inquiry has been carried out by a special Board, * With reference to the opinion that pestilential diseases are transmissible by Avoollen fabrics, it may be interesting to insert the following facts from the " Third Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire " into the best means of preventing the pollution of rivers." After showing, that the annual amount of old woollen rags (" Shoddy ") used in the manufacture of clolhs &c, in the United Kingdom is about 74£ millions of pounds, of which 22^ millions of pounds are imported, the Commissioners say, " These woollen rags are " collected, packed in bales, and are imported from Russia, Egypt, Turkey, the entire area of Europe, India, " China, and in fact from all parts of the world where woollen garments are worn, and rags are produced and " can be collected. They come to Yorkshire from districts where plague, fever, small-pox, and loathsome skin " diseases extensively prevail. The bales are opened and the rags are sorted by human fingers before being " placed in machines which break up, tear, separate, and cleansejthe fibre for manufacturing uses. According " to the evidence we obtained, no disease has ever broken out amongst the persons who so manipulate these " old woollen rags." The " shoddy " trade has been in existence for half a century. B 3 North Front nuisances. appointed by Lieut.-General Sir Richard Airey, X.C.8., the Governor, whose Report will be found in Appendix No. XVI. The result of this inquiry, together with the results of my own inspection, I now proceed to give. In doing this, it will be necessary to refer to the map in order that the facts in regard to the medical topography and water supply of the North Front may be more easily understood. The North Front being the only available vacant ground belonging to the garrison has been used for a variety of purposes. A considerable and central area of the ground has been occupied by the garrison cemetery. Complaints have been made by the Sanitary Commissioners of Gibraltar (Appendix No. XVII) as to absence of proper regulations in the use of this cemetery, and at the time of the late epidemic, nuisance from it was complained of in affected cottages in the vicinity. To the east of the cemetery are the Commissariat cattle sheds, close to which are the slaughter-houses. To the north-west of the cemetery and between it and the margin of the bay are extensive manured and irrigated gardens of great importance to the garrison on account of their affording supplies of fresh vegetables ; but these gardens interfere to some extent with the free circulation of pure air over the usual camping ground of the troops which lies between them and the bay. The entire sea margin between high and low water close to the camping ground, and for a considerable distance along the bay, is covered with rotten sea-weed and other decaying refuse, giving off most offensive odours in warm weather, and as the camp is about 100 yards from the beach, the smell from it is sometimes a great nuisance. There are no drained latrines belonging to the camp. There are moveable latrine boxes placed in a building between the camp and the bay, and these are emptied into the water at a short distance from the shore. It is possible that in certain states of the wind and tide part of the matter may be carried back towards the shore, and may tend to increase the nuisance arising from it. It will afterwards be seen that there is considerable probability also that sewage matter from the public privy and grand casemate latrines discharged at the Waterport is carried by currents to the beach at the camping ground. The North Front cottages where the first cholera cases took place are without drainage, and had a common privy behind them, with a cesspit full of soil. The slaughter-houses are paved with rough flags, laid with open joints ; there is no ventilation ; the yards are badly paved. From each slaughter-house there is a large open drain built of thin bricks, apparently laid in sand, with joints open, loose, and absorbent ; these drains terminate on the sand at a considerable distance above highwater mark, and the blood, offal, and animal excrement, which is but partially washed down the drains, find a lodgment in the sand, and decompose under the burning sun. Close to the slaughter-houses are dilapidated sheds where tripe is made. The paving of the yard is bad, and there is a well in it for supplying the requisite water. The smell of this place when visited by the Board of Inquiry was so horrible that the members of the Board could not remain in it. Certain private cattle sheds in the immediate vicinity of the slaughter-houses are also in a very bad and unhealthy condition. All along the space which lies between these buildings and the sea (the Mediterranean) enormous quantities of bones, offal, and dead animals are constantly buried and exhumed at regular intervals for sale or exportation ; the practice gives rise at all times to so much nuisance that equestrians and others are compelled to keep away from the neighbourhood. When the bones are exhumed in hot weather, or during easterly winds, the smell near the spot is unbearable, and is distinctly perceptible across the whole width of the peninsula. Quantities of bones were likewise found in the gardens close to the first camping ground of the 22nd regiment. Close to the cemetery, and near the centre of the North Front, are two wooden huts used by a contractor who washes the bedding of the troops. Water for this purpose is obtained from wells ; but the water after having been used for washing, instead of being drained away, is passed into an open pit in the cemetery. This pit is 50 feet long, 6 feet broad, and 3^ feet deep. The pit was found running over, and saturating the ground to a considerable distance. Large quantities of gas were disengaged from its surface, and the smell of it was sensibly felt a long way to leeward. In the same locality there is a space for washing tents, and all the foul water is thrown away on the surface to evaporate or sink into the soil. The state of the inundation between the North Front and the works also requires notice. For a number of years this water area has gradually become shallowed by dust and sand blown from the roads and North Front, and when the water is unusually low there is a nuisance from it. A shallow expanse of stagnant brackish water is a not 14 CONDITION OF WATER SUPPLY OF THE NORTH FRONT. 15 Condition of Water Supply. unlikely source of malaria; and among other improvements it is desirable that the inundation should be cleared out, so as to ensure a sufficient depth of water over its bed. A fact worthy of notice, bearing on the sanitary condition of the North Front, was stated by the medical officer in charge at the time it occurred. In the bay, at no great distance from the first camping ground occupied by the 22nd regiment, there was at the time a wreck in the process of being broken up. It appears to have been in a bad, rotten condition, and the smell from it frequently reached the shore and passed over the camping ground. lAt the latter end of August or beginning of September 1865, a month or more after 3 22nd regiment had left the North Front altogether, three Portuguese, who were at >rk breaking up the wreck, sleeping on shore at night under any shelter they could d, were seized with cholera, and two died. About the same time a man was found ng in the open air in the same locality, near the Spanish lines, ill of cholera. A reference to the map No. 1 will show the relative position of the camps and cottages where cholera appeared and these various sources of unhealthiness. It has been already stated that out of a total civilian population of 323, located in the miserable cottages on the North Front, 20 died. A reference to Table VIII will show that 16 out of these 20 deaths took place in cottages at the Commissariat, washing and cattle sheds, at the slaughter-houses and Devil's Tower, all in the immediate vicinity of the nuisances described above. KThe facts now stated are sufficient to show how easy it is to bestow on a healthy area ground conditions of unhealthiness similar to those found in densely peopled, uncared, town districts. Besides these various sources of atmospheric impurity well known to be of the highest importance when cholera is about to appear, both troops and civil population were supplied with bad water. In the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations " attention was called to the unwholesome quality of water drawn from the North Front wells. There are 19 of these wells, most of them in use for certain purposes. I The particulars in regard to them are given in Appendix X ; and there are four wells, ds. 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the table, which are of special importance in this inquiry. KAs soon as cholera appeared in the 22nd regiment suspicions were excited as to the ality of the water the men had been using, and steps were taken, by an examination the wells, to ascertain how far this water might have occasioned the attacks. KA reference to plan No. 3, will show the relation of the camping ground occupied the 22nd regiment to the water-supply for the troops, and also to the unwholesome i-beach already referred to. _•/ ... _ _ . .... I All the North Front wells are dug in the same loose sandy subsoil. They differ only their distance from the sea-margin and in their relation to the sea-level. EVell No. lis 200 yards from the high-water line. The level of its bottom is two les below mean water-level. The usual depth of water in it is 1 foot 9 inches, ter from this well is carted into Gibraltar for the use of the civil population. KWell No. 2is 150 yards from the sea-line. Its bottom is level with mean-water, and ; depth of water in it is 1 foot 9 inches. This well is exclusively used by troops in aip, and from it the 22nd regiment derived its supply at the time of the cholera. I No. 3 well is 80 yards from the sea. Its bottom is 16 inches below mean- water level, le depth of water in it is 2 feet. The water is raised by pumping-machinery into a lk, from which it is conveyed by a pipe along the watering jetty for the supply of the I Well No. 4 (Plan No. 1) is 83 yards from the beach; the depth of water in it is eet 4 inches, and its bottom is 3 feet 2 inches below high- water level. The water from is well is carted into Gibraltar for the supply of the troops there. I The rise and fall of the tides in the bay is from 3 to 4 feet, and hence it follows it at every rise of the tide the level of the sea is 25 inches above the bottom well No. 1, which supplies the civil population. It is 24 inches above the bottom of 11 No. 2, which supplies the troops in camp; it is 3 feet 4 inches above the bottom well No. 3, from which the shipping is supplied, and 3 feet 4 inches above the ttoin of well No. 4, from which water is carted to the troops in Gibraltar. A reference to the table will show that all these North Front wells are sunk below high*water level in the bay, and that the surface of the water in the wells varies from a few inches to little more than a foot above the level of high water. In one instance, that of wellrNo. 3, which affords water for shipping, high- water level is actually 19 inches above the surface of the water in the well. B 4 The only sources from which these wells can derive their water is from rainfall filtering through the sand vertically, or from sea-water filtering into the sand horizontally, after having passed through putrid refuse matters lying all along the beach. The outbreak of cholera in the 22nd regiment led to an analysis being made of well No. 2 about a week after the first fatal case occurred in the regiment. The following is the result of this analysis, made by Staff- Surgeon Barrow :—: — Grains per gallon. Chloride of sodium - - -; - - 20 •99 Carbonate of lime - - - - 1 1 *55 Other lime salts, principally sulphates and chlorides - 5• 23 Salts of magnesia, principally sulphate and carbonate - 2* 90 Organic matter (probably vegetable) - 3 • 24 Free carbonic acid (cubic inches) - - 2 • 40 Dr. Barrow makes the following remarks on the quality of the water : — " Being " brackish, and containing so large a quantity of mineral and organic matter, the water, " if drunk, is particularly liable to cause dyspepsia and headache, uneasiness or actual " pain in the stomach, cramps, vomiting, and diarrhoea ; and, in fact, it is quite unfit for " consumption, and should never be used unless purified." " None of the processes " remove the excessive quantity of salt, which would always render it injudicious to use " the water while other could be procured." The quality of water from the adjacent well, No. 3, has also been brought under consideration since the Gibraltar epidemic by the following occurrences (Appendix XI. B.): — On the sth of June 1866, nearly 10 months after the cholera deaths in the 22nd regiment, and seven months after the last case of cholera in Gibraltar, the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer " Poonah," having left Alexandria for Southampton on the 28th May, took a supply of water on board at Gibraltar, which was sent to the ship in casks by the company's agent there. With this water two iron tanks in the fore-part of the steamer, each capable of containing 1,200 gallons, were filled. During the voyage from Gibraltar to England this water was used by the whole of the crew and by the second-class passengers, in number 118 persons. On the 9th June, while the vessel was in the English Channel, one of the ship's firemen, a delicate, weakly man, was taken ill early in the morning, after having drunk copiously of the water on coming up heated from the engine-room. This man died of cholera the same day. Another firemen, who had not complained to the surgeon before arriving at Southampton, was reported to have suffered from severe diarrhoea after arrival. He got medicine from a druggist, but continued his work till the afternoon of the 13th, at which time he went home to see a sick child ; remained there and died on the 19th, of cholera. Some others of the firemen had suffered slightly from relaxation of the bowels, but there were no more cholera cases. These occurrences led to an inquiry as to the quality of the water which the men had used, and an analysis of samples taken from the well, made by Professor Taylor of Guy's Hospital, whose report I have seen, gave the following general results :—: — Grains per gallon.* Mineral matter fixed at a red heat, consisting chiefly of carbonates of lime and magnesia and common salt - 37*6 Organic matter and matter volatile at a red heat - - 5*4 43- When the bottle containing the water was opened it gave out an offensive smell, mostly due to the escape of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. The water was of a slightly yellowish colour, and somewhat opalescent. It deposited very little mechanical impurity. When distilled the product had lost the sulphuretted hydrogen, but retained an offensive odour resembling that of decomposed sewage. This water is believed to have been wholly or partly drawn from the tank above ground already mentioned, into which water is raised by pumping from well No. 3. After the cholera had appeared on board the " Poonah " samples of water from all the wells, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, were sent from Gibraltar to Woolwich for analysis by Mr. Abel, and his report, (Appendix XI) dated October 13th, 1866, gives the following numerical results, iii grains per gallon :—: — • An independent examination made by Dr. Parkes, professor of hygiene at the Army Medical School, Netley, agrees closely with Dr. Taylor's analysis. 16 SANITARY CONDITION OP AFFECTED HOUSES IN GIBRALTAR. 17 Summary of local causea. Causes of high death rates at greatest altitudes I. I 11. I 111. I Total dissolved constituents - 86* 41* 47' Carbonate of lime - - - 11*14 ! 9*64 ; KT94 Sulphate of limo - - 4*oB \ B*lB ¦ 9 20 Nitrate of lime - - - 1*75 1*75 2*oo Carbonate of magnesia - - 6 ' 30 5¦ 77 7 " 87 Chloride of sodium - - 10*63 13*10 14*16 Organic matter - - - I*so 2*oo 2*lo Hardness— Clark's test - - 23° 26° 30° The analyses made by different chemists differ from each other. The difference is probably due in part to the season when water was taken from the wells, which might influence the amount of rain-water in the sand, partly to the tides, and partly to the demand which may have been made on the wells for water, at the time samples were taken. I Mr. Abel's analyses show clearly that the relative distance of the wells from the sea d the relative level of the bottom of each well with regard to the tide level in the bay ye an important influence on the quality of the water. They show that sea-water, ntaining more or less dissolved organic matter probably derived from the foul beach, ds its way through the sand and mixes in varying proportions with water proceeding from rainfall, according to the level of the water in the wells and their respective distances from the tidal line. KThe position of all the wells is bad. The water supplied by all of them is impure, riable in quality, and not to be depended on, so much so that the use of water from y of these wells can only be justified on the plea that no better water is available, and there can, I conceive, be no doubt that any of them would be dangerous to health if used during an epidemic period. This danger would be increased if the water were kept until decomposition had begun, for Dr. Taylor's report shows that under such circumstances water from the well nearest the sea, and from which the " Poonah " was supplied, becomes a species of diluted sewage. In so far as concerns the local predisposing causes of cholera at the North Front, the facts, whether as regards troops or civil population, have differed in no respect from those usually observed during similar outbreaks of this disease elsewhere. There was atmospheric impurity from nuisances on land and along the sea-beach, from filthy unregulated slaughter houses, cattle sheds, tripe houses, decomposing bones, and carcases of animals. An unregulated burial ground, want" of drainage, cesspits close to the affected cottages, bad water, and an epidemic constitution prevailing all over the Mediterranean countries. The predisposing elements of disease were present. They manifested themselves in the usual manner, and destroyed life both among the troops and civil population. 2. — Sanitary Condition of Houses where Deaths from Cholera took place in the Town of Gibraltar. I have already described the general distribution of epidemic cases among the civil population, and shall next proceed to analyse in detail facts regarding the sanitary condition of dwelling houses, obtained partly by inspection, partly from the Returns, Appendix XII. As already stated the late epidemic at Gibraltar presented the apparent anomaly of being most intense and fatal among the highest levels of the town, while the lower levels comparatively escaped. These higher levels, besides being covered with a very inferior class of cottage property, crowded by a poor population, are most deficient in sanitary arrangements. The lines of houses are generally built street over street, from the level of the sea up to an elevation of nearly 300 feet on the steep side of the rock, across the natural fall of the drainage ; and many are constructed on narrow terraces, or rather steps, in such a way that the entire line of back wall is either built against a vertical section of earth or rock, or the rock itself forms the wall. The structural defects of this class of houses are shown in the ground plan, No. 4, prepared by Mr. Roberts, Assistant Surveyor, of part of district 27, where cholera was most severe and fatal. The houses numbered in the plan contain a population of about 200 persons, of whom 27 died of cholera. The ground plan shows great crowding of houses on surface area, c 19617. Predisposing causes of cholera in the Town, narrow passages, obstructed at the ends by cross walls and buildings, and by a large common privy at A for the entire population of both sexes. This is a hole over an open drain, communicating directly with steep lines of sewers, up which sewer air rises from the lower districts of the town, and the smell from it is perceptible 30 or 40 yards away. The plan shows simply the arrangement of buildings, but their relation to adjoining levels will be better estimated from the cross section, showing the slope of ground, and the manner in which the lines of houses are disposed in reference to it. The section is drawn to scale, and gives an excellent idea of the way in which most of the houses and patios along the higher levels, where cholera was most fatal, are more or less arranged with respect to the sloping ground in their vicinity. Making every allowance for other sanitary defects in these higher districts, there can, in my opinion, be no doubt that the relation of many buildings to the hill slopes above has exerted a powerful influence in predisposing their inhabitants to cholera. During epidemics of cholera, even in the cooler climate of Great Britain, there have been many instances of the disease appearing by preference in houses similarly situated. Damp walls and floors, and malaria arising from these, have in such cases acted as determining causes of local outbreaks. In a town like Gibraltar, where nothing had yet been done to improve its sanitary condition before the epidemic of 1865 appeared, the whole population was more or less exposed to the same sanitary defects; but the one special defect, which was mainly confined to the higher districts, was the nature of the house property and the manner in which the ground had been built on. Much, no doubt, may be done to improve the sanitary condition of even the worst of these houses, but they will always be liable to epidemics from their structure and their position with reference to the higher ground. Notwithstanding these natural disadvantages of sloping ground, such ground can be built on with safety, provided all buildings be kept at a distance from sections of rock, or of earth, sufficient (say 20 feet) to admit of free ventilation between the back wall and the higher ground, so as to cut off damp and malaria. Care must also be taken to divert all water from the higher levels from the sites of houses. A comparison of these obvious principles with those on which the houses shown on Plan 4 have been built will enable any one to estimate the probable effect of this element of bad local position on the intensity of cholera in those districts. I shall next proceed to give a brief abstract of the other predisposing causes of disease brought out by this inquiry as these exist more or less among the entire civil population of the town. In discussing this part of the subject with medical officers of districts, there was a general concurrence of opinion in regard to the following as being among the more prominent predisposing causes of epidemic attacks. Overcrowding, bad water supply, bad drainage, cesspits, dirty houses, dirty habits, spirit drinking, in reference to which it was stated that cholera had carried off all the worst drunkards. Return No. XII., filled up by the police from forms sent to them for the purpose, gives the sanitary condition of every house where deaths from cholera occurred, and I shall select from it the chief data of a practical kind bearing on the subject. In the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations" it was shown not only that the state of the sewerage was most dangerous to Jtiealth, but that the entire front of the town, including the line wall barracks, from the Waterport southwards, was exposed to malaria from the decomposition of sewage thrown into shallow sea-water within the breakwater directly outside the line wall, by numerous badly arranged sewer outlets. Besides this evil there is another of great magnitude. Close to the Waterport are the markets of the town, to which there is continual influx of people, for whose accommodation a public privy is provided, the soil from which passes directly into the small harbour to the north of the Devil's Tongue battery. Into the same place the latrines of the grand casemates likewise discharge their contents. The foul matter is carried from this point to the northward and has polluted the shore to a considerable distance. It is stated that this nuisance extends even as far as the usual camping ground on the North Front. Nuisance from the breakwater was experienced in the barracks within the line wall during the cholera, and recently cases of fever of a bilious remittent type are said to have shown themselves among the civil population in the vicinity. One case proved fatal. A fatal case of fever has also recently occurred in an officer who had been on duty at the Waterport guard, not without suspicion of having been aggravated by this 18 SANITARY CONDITION OF AFFECTED HOUSES IN GIBRALTAR 19 State of Sewerage, Paving Condition of the Water supply. nuisance. These recent occurrences are sufficient to show in how precarious a state the public health is at the present time, on account of the condition of the drainage outlets. ......... tOn looking at Plan No. 2 it appears as if the mortality from cholera had been chiefly ifined to the lines of main sewers and drains. We learn from Table XII. that 8 deaths from cholera took place in drained streets and courts, and that there were ly 26 deaths in undrained streets and courts. I These figures taken by themselves would lead to error, because most of the streets d courts have been drained in one way^ or another. It is however certain from the 3ts that the drainage of the town, such as it is, has not only been of no advantage but has en of great injury to the public health. In the report already referred to, the dangerous aracter of existing drainage works was pointed out, and an examination recently ide has proved that the statements in that report were perfectly warranted by the 3ts. The present sewerage of the town was commenced in' lBls, at a period when little is known of the principles on which towns should be drained. The sewers are of very •ge dimensions, generally they have flat bottoms, their construction is of the roughest aracter, and sometimes no mortar is used for the purpose ; there has been no attempt at uniformity of fall ; some lines are laid almost horizontally, while in others the fall is excessive ; sometimes the cover of the sewer is open and allows foul gases to escape ; t means of flushing were provided, and some of the sewers were found loaded with )osit, except where the house drains were choked up and retained the foul matter them, so as to keep it out of the sewers. I The house drains are even worse than sewers with which they communicate for 3y are nothing but cesspits opening into the patios by gratings, privies, or sinks. In >st instances the patios are entered by a small door, shut at night, and as the patios j rarely more than four or five yards square, and as the only ventilation of the )ms is from the patios, the entire drainage system of the town appears almost to ye been specially contrived to supply the houses with sewer air. On Plan 5 (A) are given sketch sections of existing sewers, and also a sketch the manner in which the present drainage system pollutes the air of the patios. The experience of the late epidemic has afforded disastrous evidence as to the luence of this special cause in increasing the severity of cholera, and has justified, if y justification had been required, the decision come to by the Sanitary Commissioners Gibraltar, that the existing sewers and drains must be destroyed, and the whole stem relaid on sound principles, so as to collect and convey away the town sewage to iafe outlet in the bay. EJntil this great improvement is completed in combination with an improved water ply, the health of the garrison will be at the mercy of any epidemic which may pen to be in the air. ' The surface paving of courts, patios, and other places where cholera prevailed, when compared with the mortality, gives the following results :—: — There were 124 deaths, in places where the paving was bad. There were 165 deaths where the paving was indifferent, and there were only eight deaths in localities where the paving was good. There is power in the new Order in Council, issued after the presentation of the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations," already referred to, to enable the Commissioners to enter on premises and Enforce improvements in paving, and no doubt this will be done. The general paving of the town itself still admits of improvement in many points. One of the greatest difficulties in Gibraltar is how to obtain a sufficient water supply. This question was fully discussed in the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations," and analyses by Mr. Abel were given of the various classes of water used by troops arid civil pbpulation. The same sources were in use during the late epidemic of cholera, and it may not be out of place to copy the analyses from that report, premising, however, that as these chemical examinations were made on specimens of water collected during the rainy season, they show less impurity than existed during the dry season when cholera prevailed.* The amounts of impurity are given in grains per gallon : — * The importance of this point may be estimated from the fact shown in Table I, that during July, August, and September, when cholera prevailed (except on the 30th September) rain fell on four days only, and the total quantity was '097 of an inch, insufficient to lay the dust. On the 30th September there fell I. "397 inch, an amount still insufficient to improve the water supply. On October 10th, 3*300 inches fell, and the epidemic rapidly 'declined and peased on phe 27th, after several showers amounting to an addition of about 2\ inches had fallen. Similar coincidences of increase of rain and disappearance of cholera have been frequently observed. , C 2 20 SANITARY CONDITION OF AFFECTED HOUSES IN GIBRALTAR. General Sanitary condition of houses. House drain- age. Neutral Aqueduct Tank Town Well Ground Well. Water. Water. Water. Sulphate of lime - 4*56 12-49 1*55 15*16 Nitrate „ - - 6*22 16*01 o*B3 49-63 Carbonate „ 12*24 17-04 0*94 — Carbonate of magnesia - - 5*67 15*27 36*33 10*98 Nitrate „ ... — — — 7-U Alkaline chlorides (sodium and potassium) 7*48 28-59 3-59 80*24 Organic matter - - - 406 9-94 5-02 7*70 Ammonia - Slight trace. Slight trace. Trace. Slighttrace. Total - - - 40*23 99-34 48*26 170-82 The sources and quality of water made use of in infected houses are given in Table XII. A considerable proportion of the houses are supplied from rain-water tanks into which the roof-water passes without being filtered. There were 137 deaths from cholera in houses supplied in this manner. In a number of instances the tank water is described as bad. There were 88 deaths in houses supplied from the wells at the Ragged Staff. The quality of water yielded by these wells is probably similar to that of the aqueduct water in the preceding table, as both are derived from a similar source, namely, the subsoil of the Alameda. There were 65 deaths in houses supplied from the North Front wells, the chemical condition of which is given in the preceding table, and also in the table at page 13. There were thus 153 deaths in houses supplied by water from unwholesome sources. The sensible qualities of the water in each house at the date of attack are given in Table XII, from which it appears that 177 deaths took place where the water appeared to be good, and there were 112 deaths in houses where the water tasted badly or was muddy. In cases where there are no water tanks, or where the tankage is insufficient, water is carried from the wells in barrels over the town, and up the steep ramps to the highest levels, where it is sold to the poor at the rate of about seven gallons for a penny. One consequence of this condition of the water supply is that the poor use the same water for several purposes in succession. Under such circumstances, it need excite no surprise that there were 234 deaths from cholera in houses where the water was insufficient in quantity. There were 48 deaths where the water supply was considered sufficient. It will be presently shown that none of the privies (with one solitary exception) in houses where deaths from cholera took place were supplied with water for flushing. There is sufficient evidence that bad and insufficient water supply was one cause of the severity of the disease. As regards the influence of general sanitary condition on the mortality, the same Return chows that there were 112 deaths in courts (patios), lanes, or streets, of which the sanitary condition was bad. There were 174 deaths where this condition was indifferent^ and only nine deaths where it was good. Nuisance generally was complained of at the times of attack in houses where 136 persons died of cholera. There were 16 deaths in houses where no nuisance existed, and in 145 cases the facts could not be ascertained. The results of house drainage were as unsatisfactory to health as those of the general sewerage of the town. There were 242 deaths from cholera in drained patios and houses, and 52 deaths where there were no house drains. Generally there are open sinks and gullies in the patios or close to the houses. There were 197 deaths in patios and houses supplied with sinks, and there were 14 deaths in cases where there were no sinks. Smells from sinks were complained of in patios and houses where 191 persons died of cholera. The privy accommodation is as a rule extremely bad, and dangerous to health, It consists partly of open sinks down which cesspool matter is thrown, partly of open common privies over drains loaded with filth, and in some cases there is no privy accommodation. As already stated, sewer air pours up these open sinks and privies into the small confined courts of the houses, and in all the higher districts privies among the houses, as shown on plan 5 (A), are literally the open ends of ventilating shafts of the lower level sewers. In some cases where there is no drainage the privy soil is accumulated in large deep pits above houses, which are lower down in the slopes. SANITARY CONDITION OF AFFECTED HOUSES IN GIBRALTAR. 21 Effect of House construction on ventilation. Effect of overcrowd ing, In patios or houses supplied with privy accommodation of these kinds there were 286 deaths from cholera, and there were 8 deaths where there was no privy accommodation. A solitary death took place where the privy was supplied with water from a pipe, and there were 291 deaths in patios and houses where there was no water supply for cleansing the privy. The nuisance from the privies is very great, and was complained of in localities where there were 253 deaths from the epidemic. This lamentable condition of the house drainage has obviously exerted a very fatal influence on the mortality from cholera. The general plan and arrangement of houses appears to have exercised a powerful effect on the rate of mortality. The houses are either built in line, and are so arranged as to retain damp and render thorough ventilation very difficult, or they are built in closed courts of small area forming a kind of square well entered by a narrow low passage from the street. The houses are built round this court or patio, as it is called, in several floors with windows and doors opening in most instances only into the court, so that there is no thorough draft. On Plan 5 (B), is shown an actual block of houses and patios of this description. The sinks, privies, and house drains already referred to open into these courts, and the well for supplying water, when there is a well, is also in it, so that in many cases the air from which the houses are supplied is most impure, and the well-water is polluted by infiltration from the foul subsoil of the vicinity. Sometimes the patio is sunk deep below the street which affords access to it, and has to be reached by descending flights of stairs. In such cases one side of the patio is formed by the retaining wall of the earth or rock on the higher level, and in several such instances there has been a considerable epidemic death-rate. The effect of deficient ventilation arising from this form of house construction is shown in table XII, from which it appears that there were 169 deaths from cholera in houses having, windows opening only into the courts. There were 67 deaths in houses having windows opening only into the streets. There were 33 deaths in houses situated neither in courts nor streets, having windows on one side opening into the outer air, — in two of these cases the windows opened over sinks. There were 13 deaths in houses with doors only and no windows. There were thus 282 deaths in houses without thorough draught. And by way of contrast it may be stated that there were only 15 deaths in houses having windows on both sides opening into the courts and streets. While making inquiry into the causes of cholera, the overcrowded state of many existing houses was frequently brought under notice. Overcrowding exists to a large extent in the higher districts of the town, which are chiefly inhabited by the poor classes and by temporary residents, and was one cause of the greater severity of the epidemic in these districts. Many of the rooms in which cholera appeared were less than 12 feet square and not more than 8 feet high, and contained from supto 10 and 12 inmates. Overcrowding, though a very important element in the question, was however not the chief predisposing cause of the epidemic. Out of 297 deaths, 184 took place in crowded houses and rooms, and 113 in houses or rooms not considered to be crowded. ' The population of most of the patios together with the deaths in each are given in table VIII. The courts vary much in the extent of accommodation they afford, and the number of inhabitants is therefore no criterion of the extent of crowding. It is however impossible not to be struck with the enormous mortality in some of these courts. Thus in house 10, district 25, there were 7 deaths from cholera out of a population numbering 94 persons. This house is built on irregular ground, the approaches are badly paved, the apartments are all bad and several are unfit for human habitation. The walls and floors are damp ; there are no chimneys ; the rooms have openings only on one side ; and there are three cesspools in the house full of soil and sewage — two of them running over. In house 52, district 3, out of 69 inhabitants, 8 died of cholera. In house 24, district 26, out of 70 persons 6 died. In one of the houses, No. sof district 27, where cholera was very fatal, there were 5 deaths out of 29 inmates. In another case 4 died out of 16, and in another 7 died out of 20. There are very few instances in this table in which the death-rates to population have not been excessively high, and while making every allowance for the destruction of human life occasioned by foul air from drains, sinks and privies, it is impossible, in my opinion, to escape from the conclusion that improved house construction in future buildings, and improvements in the ventilation of existing houses, are indispensable elements in the sanitary improvement of Gibraltar. Misuse of building ground by covering it with improperly planned and badly constructed houses together with drainage defects have converted some of the best and most healthy building sites in the garrison into hotbeds of epidemic disease. C 3 Want of house cleansing Grand Case mates. The internal condition of houses at the time of attack is given in table Xli, from which it appears that there were 116 deaths in houses where the walls and floors were considered to be clean. There were 21 deaths in houses the cleansing of which was indifferent, and there were 159 deaths where the houses were not clean. 3,. — Sanitary Condition of Houses where Deaths from Cholera took place in the South Districts. Houses of the civil population in the South districts where cholera appeared are chiefly in the vicinity of the JSouth barracks and naval establishments. The localities are more open, and possess certain advantages over those in the town of Gibraltar, where cholera was fatal ; but many of the houses are constructed on sloping ground, and the back walls of some of them are built against sections of earth or rock, as is often the case in the town itself. The epidemic carried off 29 persons in the south districts, and a reference to the facts stated in table XII. proves that this mortality was not exceptional, but that it accompanied local causes similar in kind to those existing in Gibraltar. These causes may be briefly stated to be : bad drainage, or want of drainage, cesspools, insufficient water supply, not generally of pood quality; defective construction of houses, ventilation insufficient ; nuisance from privies, sinks, and drains ; defective surface paving, considerable overcrowding, and generally bad sanitary condition. 4. Sanitary Condition of Barracks at Hie time Cholera prevailed. At page 11 is a table showing the number of diarrhoea cases recorded and of cholera cases in each barrack, and I now proceed to state briefly the local conditions which appear to have favoured the existence of the disease among the troops. In the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean stations," the nature of the barrack accommodation at Gibraltar was fully discussed. It was shown in that report that there was no good healthy barrack on the rock ; that all the casemated barracks in the lower districts of the town were most unfavourably situated as regards the adjacent levels ; that their floors were very little raised above the sea ; that the drainage of the higher districts of the town was conducted directly under several of them, and discharged across the breakwater, from which most offensive smells pervaded the atmosphere of the barrack rooms ; that the construction of the rooms, however good for defensive purposes, was unsuitable for health; that the floors were of stone instead of wood without ventilation below them, and consequently that many of the rooms were damp; that in every instance the rooms were without sufficient ventilation; that they were much overcrowded, and that many of the rooms were unfit for human habitation in such a locality and. climate. ; It was further shown that the barracks on higher and more healthy positions were open to several of these objections; that the construction, position, and ventilation were unfavourable, and that all were overcrowded. In consequence of recommendations in the report referred to, the Secretary of State for War directed certain improvements to be carried out in the barracks and hospital; but the changes actually required were so extensive, involving, as they did, not only the sanitary improvement of barracks, but the reconstruction of the entire sewerage, drainage, and water supply of the town, together with other changes necessitating the issue of an Order in Council, that very little had been accomplished at the time the epidemic of 1865 began its ravages. Premising then, that all the evils connected with bad drainage, bad water, and generally defective sanitary condition of districts in which barracks were situated, as described in that report, existed during the late cholera, I shall state, in regard to each barrack, the improvements which had been carried out by the month of August 1865, as described in table XIII., together with the then existing defects most likely to have aggravated the severity of the epidemic, as these are given in table XIV., filled up by the medical officers of regiments, and partly also from inquiries made on the spot. But it is necessary at the same time to repeat what has already been stated, that the amount of disease in each barrack can scarcely be taken as an index of its sanitary condition, because the troops were removed put of several of the worst barracks as soon as cholera appeared among them. There were 15 cases of diarrhasa, 11 cases of cholera, and three deaths in the Grand Casemates. Out of 26 casemates, 16 had been ventilated. Wooden floors had been introduced into three casemates, and fire-grates into two. The shafts for ventilating the privies had been heightened. ! 22 23 SANITARY CONDITION OF BARRACKS. Moorish Castle Bar racks. Orange Bastion Prince Albert's Front. King's Bas tion. Ehe cubic space per man in the casemates where cholera broke out was 380, 408, 490, 498 feet. There were two cases only in rooms where the cubic space was above feet, and neither of the cases was fatal. There was great overcrowding of affected is in these Casemates. I The ventilation was insufficient. There was nuisance from putrid deposit from vies and other causes existing at the Waterport, mainly connected with bad drainage, lere was nuisance also from the latrines. The general sanitary condition of the vicinity s bad. The water derived from tanks was insufficient in quantity and tasted badly. I The Waterport guard-room, close to the Grand Casemates, had been ventilated; but icers and men there on duty were exposed to the same nuisances. BVloorish Castle barracks are in an apparently healthy position, but they are close to ertical escarpment of rock. There were 23 cases of diarrhoea, seven cases of cholera, and five deaths in them. I A fatal case of cholera took place in a room where the cubic space was under 227 feet r man. I The other cases occurred in rooms affording 315, 393, 405, 423 cubic feet per man. lly one case, and that not a fatal one, took place in a room with 762 cubic, feet per m. There was thus great overcrowding in this barrack. I The ventilation was insufficient ; indeed nothing had been done to improve it. The ainage of the locality is very defective and gave rise to nuisance at the time of the olera. The latrines appear to have been in the same unwholesome condition as they :re when reported on in 1863. The general sanitary condition of the neighbourhood as bad now as it was then. The water supply is by contract, and is derived from the Neutral Ground wells. Its quality has been already described. It was insufficient in amount and tasted badly at the time of the epidemic. Kfhis barrack is scarcely fit for habitation from its local position and bad construction, lsed to be occupied by 160 men, but contained 78 at the time cholera began in the rison. Bfhe over-crowding had apparently been done away with, and each man had above 900 ie feet. BThe casemates had been ventilated and ventilating fire-grates had been introduced, ooden floors had also been laid. The ventilation was complained of as being insufficient, but it is very doubtful if any method of renewing the air by natural means would remove this defect, which depends on the position and construction of the casemates. There was nuisance from the decomposition of sewage and sea- water within the breakwater. The drainage and general sanitary condition of the vicinity were both bad. Water was carted to the barrack by contract from the North Front wells. Its quantity was insufficient ; it was bad in quality. There were five cases of cholera in Orange Bastion, all of which proved fatal, and six cases of diarrhoea. P There were 15 cases of diarrhoea and two cases of cholera, one fatal, in the casemates Prince Albert's Front. At the time the disease broke out, ventilating shafts and fire-grates had been completed. The rooms had likewise been floored. The average cubic space per man was 549 feet, but with this allowance the ventilation was found to be insufficient ; there was thus overcrowding and defective ventilation. There was nuisance from the breakwater, and the general sanitary condition of the locality was unsatisfactory. The water supply was insufficient in amount, and of bad quality ; it was brought by a contractor from the North Front wells. King's Bastion is perhaps the worst barrack on the rock, although at the time cholera appeared it had been improved by having been supplied with ventilating shafts and ventilating fire-grates. Wooden floors had also been laid. The barrack was very properly vacated, and the men were camped out as soon as cholera appeared ; but nevertheless all the cholera cases, four in number, which took place among the men while in this barrack, proved fatal. The space per man was only 498 cubic feet, and with this overcrowding the ventilation was found to be insufficient. There was likewise nuisance from both drains and latrines, and the sanitary state of the neighbourhood was indifferent. Four very offensive town drains are carried out and enter the bay, two of them on each side of this barrack. Water was supplied by a contractor, and deposited sediment on standing. No one C 4 who has inspected these casemates can have any doubts as to their being unsuitable for ordinary barrack rooms. They are dark, damp, sunk in a well, formed by the works and by the retrenchment, and they are only fit for affording temporary shelter during a siege. Wellington No improvements had been carried out in Wellington Front casemates before cholera Front appeared. There were among the men in them 10 cases of diarrhoea, together with seven cases and five deaths from cholera. Several of the cases took place in inner casemates, having only loopholes for light and ventilation, and no doors opening directly on the outer air. In all the affected rooms the cubic space was under 500 feet per man, consequently there was considerable overcrowding. The ventilation was insufficient; there was nuisance from drains. A large drain passes under the barrack. Water was obtained from a tank, and deposited sediment on standing. Town Range There were 19 cases of diarrhoea, and two cases of cholera, both fatal in these Barracks. i i,_ barracks. Before the epidemic appeared Jennings' latrines and urinals had been introduced, together with ablution and bath rooms. The space per man in the affected rooms was 600 cubic feet. The ventilation was insufficient, for nothing had as yet been done to improve it. Water was obtained from tanks, and is stated to have been good Hiii-grave's lianacks. The principal sanitary improvements which had been carried out in these barracks were the introduction of Jennings' latrines and urinals, together with bath and ablution rooms. The guard-room and school-room had been ventilated. There were 20 cases of diarrhoea, and two cases of cholera, one of which was fatal, among the troops in occupation. The cubic space was 600 feet per man. Ventilation was considered by the medical officer to have been sufficient, but no improvement had been carried out such as had been recommended. Water was obtained from the North Front wells ; it was insufficient in quantity, and tasted badly. South Barracks. The " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations " shows that the structure of the South barrack is bad, and unfavourable to the free circulation of air through it. Its local position is, however, much superior to that of the casemated barracks in the town of Gibraltar. It appears that nothing had been done to improve the sanitary condition of South barracks. There were in it nine cases of diarrhoea, 13 cases of cholera, and 10 deaths. The rooms were much overcrowded, for the space was no more than 379 cubic feet per man. B vena Vista Barracks. These barracks afforded 29 cases of diarrhoea and eight cases of cholera, four of which proved fatal. The latrines had not been improved, and there was smell from them in all the barrack rooms near them. The ventilation had undergone no improvement. The tank water in use is said to have been of bad quality. There was some overcrowding, [as the) space per man wa3 from 512 to 528 cubic feet. Europa Hut- This barrack consists of a series of stone huts, each containing two good men's rooms, besides sergeants' quarters. These huts have ridge ventilation, but in some instances it was insufficient during the epidemic. The space per man varied from 512 to 518 cubic feet. Among 378 men in these huts, there Were 16 cases of diarrhoea, 10 cases of cholera, and eight deaths. Three of the fatal cases occurred in one hut in men who had been drinking in Gibraltar, and who were taken fatally ill after their return during the night. The great sanitary defect in these huts is, that their floors have all been more or less sunk below the level of the adjacent ground, to the extent of three feet and upwards. By this oversight huts of otherwise good construction have been rendered unhealthy. Water is obtained L from iron tanks, and is stated to have been muddy and badly tasted. 24 25 SANITARY CONDITION OF MARRIED QUARTERS. racks. Jumpers Bastion Barracks. Naval hos pital. The only improvement which had been carried out at Windmill Hill barracks was the construction of a urinal. In all other respects this barrack was in the state described in the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediterranean Stations." There were three cases of diarrhea, four cases of cholera, and two deaths from cholera among the troops in occupation. The cubic space per man was from 349 to 354 feet, so that there was much overcrowding, and the ventilation was insufficient. Jumpers Bastion. — The sanitary condition of the casemates in this bastion had been materially improved before the cholera visited the locality. Besides other improvements, the cubic space had been raised to 908 feet per man, wooden floors had been laid in each room, ventilating shafts and fire-grates had been introduced, and water latrines and urinals substituted for the previous unwholesome arrangements. The local position of the rooms is disadvantageous for health ; but there was no cholera in them. There were 10 cases of diarrhoea and no deaths out of 79 men in occupation. This barrack, which used to be one of the most unhealthy on the rock, had been improved ; sufficient space had been allotted to the men, and it escaped cholera, notwithstanding its objectionable position. Naval Hospital. — This building belongs to the Admiralty, and is lent to the War Department. It is at present the Military Hospital of Gibraltar. It is situated on a plateau close to the steep slope of the rock which rises to a great height behind it, and interferes with its ventilation and light on one entire side. The buildings contain sick wards, quarters, and offices of various kinds. Table XIV. shows that there were in the buildings 10 cases of cholera, four of which proved fatal. One of those fatal cases was in a man who attended on cholera cases. The other three fatal cases appear to have taken place inside or in men living in the hospital. Several cases not fatal took place in orderlies stated to have been engaged on public works. The principal sanitary improvements which had been carried out in this building before cholera appeared, were drainage, and substituting water latrines for privies, but there were no water-closets in the hospital. The wards with one exception had been ventilated, but in several instances the louvres at the lower ends of the shafts were omitted, and when I inspected the wards the covers of the shafts were closed, so that there was no ventilation. E These details of the sanitary condition of the principal barracks at the time cholera vailed are sufficient for the purpose of enabling an estimate to be formed of their probable influence on the health of the troops during the epidemic. 5. — Sanitary Condition of Married Quarters where Cholera occurred. Table XV. gives the sanitary details regarding all the more important diarrhoea cases, and all the cholera cases which took place in various classes of quarters occupied by married soldiers' families ; but many slight cases of diarrhoea were not recorded, on account of not having been considered of sufficient importance. The table, page 12, abstracted from table XV, gives the cholera cases and the more important cases of diarrhoea in each class of quarters. Buildings occupied as married quarters were exposed to the same general local conditions as those already described as appertaining to the houses of the civil population in the same districts. Where married people occupied any part of the usual barrack accommodation, as was the case at the Grand Casemates, Wellington Front, Prince Albert's Front, King's Bastion, Town Range, &c., they lived very much under the same sanitary conditions as those already mentioned. Phe older hut quarters, such as those at Windmill Hill and Europa Pass, afford a inferior class of accommodation. They are all on ground floors, without drainage, badly supplied with water. The defects of special married quarters may be summed up briefly as follows : (North Front Cottages. — These cottages were exposed to the influence of the North ront nuisances and cemetery, all of which were at no great distance. There appears to have been no overcrowding, but all the rooms are on the ground floor, with higher ground immediately behind them; the ventilation was deficient. There was no D Windmill Hill prison, Moorish Castle prison Convict prison, drainage. There were overflowing cesspits among the houses. The water supply was derived from the North Front wells, and was of bad quality. There were four cases of cholera, three of which proved fatal, besides a case of diarrhoea, in these quarters. Moorish Castle Quarters. — The whole neighbourhood of these quarters is in a bad sanitary condition as regards the state of the drainage and surface. All the cases took place in ground floor rooms, having sloping ground rising high above them. There was nuisance from the drains. The rooms were considerably overcrowded for health during an epidemic. There was deficient ventilation. Water was supplied by a contractor from the North Front wells. The water was insufficient in quantity and tasted badly. In these married quarters, there were 37 cases of diarrhoea and 7 cases of cholera, five of which proved fatal. Hargraves Married Quarters. — There was one fatal case of cholera in these cottages, and three cases of diarrhoea. Besides defects in local position, arising from the quarters being close under the steep slope of the rock, their inmates were supplied with bad water from the North Front Wells. Crutchets Ramp.-— A new range of married quarters on three floors had recently been constructed on this ramp, overlooking the grand casemates. They are isolated from the rock, and have windows and doors on opposite sides, so that there is a thorough draught across the rooms. Each floor has a terrace in front giving entrance to the rooms, reached by an outside stair, and hence each room is separately ventilated and cut off from all the others. The population in these quarters at the time I visited them consisted of 35 men, 31 women, and 70 children, which may be taken as representing the number of inmates at the time of the cholera. There was one case of diarrhoea in a man, and one case of cholera in a woman. Both cases recovered. No child was affected. Water for these quarters is carried from the North Front Wells. 6. — Predisposing Causes of Cholera in the Prisons. Important experience in regard to the influence of a certain class of conditions in predisposing men to cholera was afforded by the course of the disease in Gibraltar prisons. One of these, a military prison, is situated on Windmill Hill, about 400 feet above the sea level. It occupies a healthy position, and has abundant external ventilation and good drainage. It is constructed on the usual cellular system. The cells and body of the building are ventilated by natural means, and the only defect stated at the time of the epidemic was that water obtained from a tank filled from the North Front Wells was not good. In this prison there were 3 cases of cholera in private soldiers, and none proved fatal. There was one fatal case in a civilian. There is another prison at Moorish Castle also for military prisoners. It is not so good by any means as Windmill Hill Prison, but it has room for very few prisoners only. Both prisons are kept perfectly clean and in good condition, but the space at Moorish Castle Prison is too small, the accommodation is not very good, and there is the usual defect in the water supply. There were four cases of choleraic disease in this prison ; none fatal.* A striking contrast to tne comparative immunity of inmates of these prisons from cholera was afforded by the experience of the Convict establishment already referred to,, This prison consists of a long wooden building in two floors, situated a few feet above the sea level,, on a narrow strip of ground at the naval yard, having the sea on one side and the lofty wall of the works within a few yards of the building on the opposite side. This wall rises above the top of the prison and cuts off the ventilation on the land side, while between the prison and the sea there is a range of one-story wooden buildings, used as warders' rooms, &c. which materially interferes with any air currents coming from the sea. The prison consists of a central corridor on each floor, running from end to end, and cut across, in mid-length, by a cross passage. On each side of this corridor, on both floors, are spaces separated from each other by wooden partitions, and divided off from the corridor by iron gratings. Each of these spaces is 20 feet long, 16 feet wide, and 9 feet high, and is intended for 16 men sleeping in hammocks slung the length way of the divisions. * Besides the comparatively good sanitary state of the prisons, the medical officers attribute much of the immunity of the prisoners from attacks of cholera to effectual measures taken for the immediate discovery and treatment of cases of diarrhoea. ... . 26 SUMMABY OF FACTS. 27 When all are occupied, the space per man, including the corridor space, would be about 216 cubic feet. The average inmates at the time cholera broke out amounted to 850, accommodated under one roof, in four divisions, two above and two below. In the compartments are 56 soil-pans, used also as urinals, without any ventilation separate from that of the divisions. The convicts were employed all over the rock during the day and returned to the prison for the night. Some were taken ill on the works, others in the prison, and two or three of the warders suffered. LThe prison was as clean and well kept as possible, but it had the grave defects entioned of unfavourable position and bad constructive arrangements, together with great overcrowding, and the result was, that out of 850 convicts 79 were attacked and 54 died of cholera. VI. Summary of facts regarding the Cholera of 1865 in reference to measures FOR PROTECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH. Measures for protecting the public health from epidemics of cholera resolve themselves into two classes — sanitary improvements and quarantine restrictions ; and one of the most important public questions at the present time is to determine on which of these measures dependance is to be placed. It may be useful, therefore, before stating the practical results of the Gibraltar inquiry to give a brief summary of the statistical tables filled up at Malta and Gibraltar by army medical officers and by the police authorities, in order to show under what conditions or laws the disease committed its ravages in both garrisons. During six months before cholera appeared in Malta there was an unusual prevalence of gastric affections; the mortality from fever was double the average; the mortality from a choleraic disease, the so called " gastro-enteritis," r was also doubled. While cholera was as yet confined to Arabia there were two outbreaks of choleraic disease at Malta, one of which was reported as cholera. At Gibraltar there was a slight increase of bowel diseases before cholera broke out. Both at Malta and Gibraltar the epidemic had a period of increase, a maximum, and a period of decline. In Malta 82 per cent, of " houses attacked with cholera yielded one death per house ; in Gibraltar 61 per cent, of attacked houses yielded one death per house. (In each garrison a " house generally includes several occupancies and often contains a score or more of inmates). In Malta 83 per cent, and in Gibraltar 77 per cent, of barrack rooms attacked yielded a single case of cholera in each. With few exceptions these barrack rooms contain from 20 up to as many as 50 or more men per room. In Malta 31 rooms and in Gibraltar 23 rooms in married quarters yielded cases of cholera ;of these rooms 29 in Malta and 2 1 in Gibraltar yielded each a single case. All the married quarters attacked were deficient in space or were otherwise in a defective sanitary condition. Out of 1,579 civilian deaths in Malta and Gozo, only 125 deaths took place in rooms over the first floors of dwellings, and 1,454 deaths took place on lower floors. A similar fact was observed in Gibraltar, where out of 330 deaths only 18 took place on floors corresponding to the upper floors of the Malta houses. Both at Malta and Gibraltar all the deaths with very few exceptions which took place among soldiers and their families in barracks and quarters took place in ground floor rooms. The law of distribution of cholera in Valletta in 1865 was the same as the law of the distribution of plague in 1813. In Gibraltar the same houses and barrack rooms which yielded cases of cholera in 1860 were seats of cholera in 1865. In both garrisons the localities of cholera in 1865 were the same localities where other epidemic diseases, fevers, eruptive fevers, and the like usually prevail. In both garrisons the disease was most intense in houses situated on steep sloping ground. In Malta the foot of the slope and in Gibraltar the higher levels suffered most, for special local reasons already mentioned. Out of 620 civilian deaths from cholera within the garrison at Malta 570 took plac in houses with open privies directly communicating with the foul town drains ; am nuisance from this cause was complained of in houses where 468 persons died of cholera Out of 408 deaths in the Gibraltar police return 286 took place in houses with privy accommodation of a similar description, and nuisance was complained of from these privie in houses where 253 persons died. In all the country districts both of Malta and Gozo, in houses where deaths from cholera took place, there is no drainage, and the people live and sleep surrounded by their D 2 own filth and by the dung of animals accumulated under living rooms for sale or for agricultural purposes. On the north front at Gibraltar the cholera mortality was confined to houses m the vicinity of well known nuisances of a similar kind. Nearly all the deaths in Malta and Gozo took place in houses where water tanks are placed under courts and houses, and in close proximity to drains, dunghills, cesspits, sewers, and other sources of impurity. All the deaths in Gibraltar took place in houses where the water supply was more or less impure and unwholesome. Houses in Malta and Gibraltar are constructed round closed courts. Those in the owns are small and narrow, surrounded by high houses, and having windows mostly on one side only. Want of sufficient ventilation, influx of sewer gases into the courts, and absence of thorough draft are almost universal ; and the statistical tables give the allowing as the results of this defective construction of houses. I In Malta and Gozo there were 215 deaths in houses without windows. There were 84 deaths in houses with a single window or loophole. Houses with two loopholes or windows yielded 45/ deaths. Houses with three windows had 75 deaths. There were only 14 deaths in houses with four windows or openings. There were eight deaths in houses with five openings or windows ; and one death in a house with six. There were no fewer than 1,207 deaths from cholera in houses where the windows or other openings were on one side of the house. In the garrison towns there were only 67 deaths in houses with windows on two sides of the house. The same law held good in Gibraltar, where there were 282 deaths, nearly three-fourths of the mortality, in houses without thorough draft. With few exceptions cholera cases in barracks in both garrisons took place in rooms without thorough draft. I Both in Gibraltar and Malta overcrowding prevailed in all the districts attacked by holera, especially in the town districts. All the barracks attacked with cholera in Malta and Gibraltar were very much overcrowded. The results of this extensive and minute statistical inquiry thus establish the fact that wherever cholera prevailed in Malta or Gibraltar there were invariably present most of the following unhealthy conditions :—: — Foul air from drains and sewers contaminating the atmosphere of close courts and living; rooms in towns. Foul air from accumulations of human excreta and of dung of animals contaminating the air of sleeping rooms in country districts. Stagnation of this foul air in houses from absence of thorough draft and want of ventilation, thus favouring putrescence of the air breathed by the inmates, especially during the hours of sleep. The same evils increased by an overcrowded and filthy condition of many courts and houses. Subsoil damp arising from want of drainage and bad local position of dwellings. Unwholesome water obtained from bad or doubtful sources or caused by dangerous methods of storing and distributing the supply. Generally bad sanitary condition of many old houses indicating the need of alteration or reconstruction. With few exceptions the barrack rooms in Malta and Gibraltar are all inferior or bad either in position, plan, or construction. Several buildings occupied as barracks in Malta were never built for such a purpose. Many large barrack rooms have no thorough draft, rendering free ventilation impracticable. Both at Malta and Gibraltar there were striking instances of marked immunity from cholera, and in all of these the unfavourable conditions enumerated above were absent. There are no facts, such as ought to be admitted in any scientific inquiry, to show that the movement of cholera either in Malta or Gibraltar was due to communication of the disease from person to person, or that it spread from any centre or centres ; the facts of the epidemic point to other laws of development and progress altogether.* tThe whole of the evidence goes to prove that during the epidemic of 1865, cholera tacked the inhabitants of Malta, Gozo, and Gibraltar, in conformity with the same laws which have influenced the movement of all known cholera epidemics : that the teal causes with which the severity of the disease was obviously connected differed in no spect from the local favouring conditions of all previous epidemics, and that the class * This is true of all epidemics. If we admit that these diseases may, under certain conditions, becomo communicable from person to person, this peculiarity would in no sense account for the observed phenomena of epidemics. Even in regard to scarlet fever, generally considered to be the infectious disease par excellence, the Army Sanitary Committee has proved in its " Report on the epidemic scarlet fever at Aldershot in 1864-5,"' that infection exercised no appreciable influence on the succession of cases, or on the progress of the disease, which appeared to be mainly determined by obvious sanitary defects. 28 of improvements required in both garrisons to protect both troops and civil inhabitants are essentially the same as are everywhere necessary, modified only by the climates. Such having been the results of this inquiry I shall next proceed to give a brief detail of the quarantine practice at Gibraltar in 1865, in order that we may see how far this practice was in conformity with the observed laws of the disease and what were its results to the health and commercial interests of the community. The Colonial Office, Gibraltar, prepared at my request, a list of vessels placed in quarantine, showing the proceedings which had been taken regarding them. This table is given in Appendix XIX., and is well worthy of consideration in connection with those facts respecting cholera in other countries as well as in the garrison which have been detailed in the preceding pages. As already stated cholera was established among the civil population of Alexandria on June 12th 1865 ; and two days afterwards, its existence was recognized by the consuls, who telegraphed the fact on the 14th. On this day, the 14th, quarantine was declared at Malta against all arrivals from Alexandria. The first vessel placed in quarantine at Gibraltar was the " Rhone," which arrived on June 26th ; she had left Alexandria on the 16th June. She arrived at Malta on the 20th, and landed 147 passengers at the Lazaretto, among whom there took place three cases of diarrhoea, all of which recovered, but no case of cholera. A passenger and fireman had died of cholera during the voyage from Alexandria to Malta ; but there were no casualties subsequently. The " Rhone " did not ride out her quarantine at Malta, and sailed in quarantine from Gibraltar. The next arrival was the " Italian," on June 28th. This vessel had arrived at Malta from Alexandria on the 23d. She landed 176 passengers at the Lazaretto, Malta, among whom there occurred a solitary case of diarrhoea with vomiting, which recovered, She sailed from Gibraltar in quarantine. The "Tarifa" arrived at Gibraltar on July Ist, after having put into Malta, where she landed two passengers on June 25. The master had died of cholera after leaving Alexandria. There were two cases of diarrhoea on board. The " Tarifa " sailed in quarantine. On July 4th arrived the " Danube " from Alexandria, after having landed 20 passengers at Malta on June 29th ; none of them were afterwards taken ill, and there was no sickness on board. The vessel sailed in quarantine. On the sth and 6th July arrived the " Ellora," " Morocco," " Syria," and " Wyvern," from Alexandria and Malta. • All of them, except the " Syria," had landed passengers at Malta. The "Ellora " had had two deaths from cholera after leaving Alexandria, and she had several diarrhoea cases on board. The " Wyvern " landed 302 passengers at Malta, one in collapse from cholera. She first sailed for Malaga, and was ordered away. All these vessels left Gibraltar in quarantine. Two vessels at anchor in the bay were placed in quarantine, because one had received cargo from the " Morocco," and the other, three passengers from the " Syria." Bin this date onwards until August 3d, when cholera broke out in the north front es, there arrived 18 vessels from the East, all of which arrived and sailed in quarantine. Vessels in quarantine at Gibraltar lie out in the bay at a considerable distance from any part of the shore ; and whether or not these vessels carried cholera on board, it is certain that the disease broke out without communication with them. The same proceedings were continued during the whole period of cholera. From August 3d to October 27th 1865, the date of the first and last cases in Gibraltar, 130 vessels entered the port in quarantine. There were about 1,100 cases and 568 deaths from cholera in the garrison between those dates. And there was not a single case of cholera on board any of those ships, whose commerce was thus arrested for the purpose of keeping a disease, which they had not got on board, out of the garrison, where it already existed. One event, of melancholy interest, connected with these quarantines, deserves a passing notice, in order that we may be able to realize what are the legitimate results to health and life of this method of dealing with epidemics. The " Samaunt," a pilgrim ship, with about 1,000 pilgrims on board, was struck apparently with cholera. She had originally sailed from Alexandria, and put in at Mahon, where she performed quarantine. Thence she appears to have sailed for Tangier, a port in the pilgrims own country. She was refused admittance, and had to put out to sea with the pestilence onboard. She came to Gibraltar on the 3rd September, while cholera was spreading in the garrison ; but there also she was refused admittance. Up to this date there had been about 50 deaths on board. She made several cruizes out to sea to bury the dead. On the 24th she went to Mogadore, also in the country of the pilgrims, in the hope of being able to land there, but was refused admission. She had to land the pilgrims at 29 Mogadore island. She came back io> Gibraltar on the 6th October. She remained 15 days in the bay, and was finally ordered away. The proceedings at Gibraltar with regard to this ship were perfectly consistent with the quarantine usage of adjacent countries. There was nothing singular in them. But surely the time has come for the more enlightened Governments in Europe to enter into some arrangement by which similar occurrences shall be prevented in future. bThe quarantine carried on at this period between Gibraltar and Spain was equally thout reasonable foundation. In the list of dates and localities attacked in Spain, given in a preceding page, it will be seen that at a time when cholera existed in Spain, from Barcelona to Cadiz, and from Valencia to Madrid, the Spanish authorities drew a sanitary cordon across the neutral ground, for the purpose of cutting off intercourse with Gibraltar except in conformity with certain ceremonial observances adopted on these occasions. The avowed object was to prevent dangerous intercourse between Gibraltar, where there was cholera, and Spain, where there was cholera ; so as to keep out of Spain an epidemic disease which had already manifested its presence over a third part of the area of the country. While this cordon existed, Gibraltar on its part kept up an active quarantine against all ports where there was cholera, including all affected Spanish ports. In this case also the object was to keep out of Gibraltar a disease which was at the very time committing havoc within the garrison. Spain cuts off communication with Gibraltar by land, and for the same object Gibraltar cuts off communication with Spain by sea. The Spanish cordon was established on the 24th of August, five days after the first case of cholera among the civil population of Gibraltar ; and we learn from the Gibraltar Chronicle of September 12th that cholera suddenly appeared at St. Rogue four or five miles behind the cordon, and proved fatal to six persons on one day. At a later period, October the 9th, the disease entered a solitary house between St. Rogue and Algeciras, away from all communication with affected localities, and attacked the inmates. It is perfectly certain that these events took place in spite of the cordon. It has already been shown that during the entire duration of the epidemic at Gibraltar no cholera cases took place in quarantine. By referring to Table XIX., which only brings the quarantines down to the end of September 1866, it will be seen that there was not a single case of cholera in quarantine during the entire period among 634 vessels arriving from infected ports. The total tonnage arrested was 323,409 tons. Of the 634 vessels 244 were quarantined at the instance of Spain ; 240 vessels rode out their quarantine, and 395 vessels arrived and sailed in quarantine. The practical result of this great sacrifice, so far as concerns public health, was simply nil; for, in spite of it all, Gibraltar was visited by one of the most fatal epidemics on record. So far as regards commerce the small population of Gibraltar is almost entirely dependent on commerce for its support ; and one of the inhabitants said to me, " If we have such another quarantine as we have gone through, it will be our ruin." Whether cholera be infectious or not, or whether this disease can be transferred or not from affected to unaffected countries on board ship, there can be no doubt of the great practical fact that, notwithstanding precautions taken in accordance with the doctrine that cholera is contagious and importable, and that its importation can be prevented by quarantine, it was not kept out of Gibraltar in 1865 by this procedure, any more than it had been kept out of Malta a month earlier.* VII. — Practical Results of the Inquiry. 1. This inquiry into the late outbreak of cholera at Gibraltar has shown that the disease was part of a contemporaneous epidemic extending over a large area of the Peninsula, while it has at the same time afforded conclusive evidence as to the coexistence of most obvious sanitary defects with very high death-rates from the disease. 2. The naturally open healthy area of the North front is exposed to dangerous nuisances from slaughter-houses, cattle dep6ts, boiling houses, foul beaches, an unregulated burial * From August Ist, 1865, until the end of December 1866, 1,008 vessels with an aggregate tonnage of 502,507 tons, proceeding from ports where there was cholera, were quarantined at Malta. On board of two of these vessels there was in each a single case of cholera. Both vessels were refused admitanco. There was not a single case of cholera on board any of the others, and nevertheless cholera broke out with great violence in Malta. Since this Report was in type cholera has prevailed in iWe, Italy, and Sicily.- These countries have been placed under rigid quarantine in Malta ; but, in spite <5f this precaution, cholera burst out almost simultaneously among persons in the Lazaretto coming from Tunis and Italy, and in the villages in Malta. 30 ground, accumulations of bonce, offal,, and superficially buried dead cattle, want of drainage, bad house accommodation, bad water, and the mortality from cholera among the civil and military population was very great. The nuisances ought to be dealt with at once and removed, and the whole of the north front placed under efficient sanitary control. The history of the late epidemic shows that this matter is of great importance, both to the health of troops and civil population. The cemetery should be placed under regulation, and as there are Sanitary Commissioners acting under an Order in Council, it would be most advisable that they should undertake such of the duties performed by. burial boards in England as may be considered requisite to meet the special circumstances of the population. Additional powers may be required to enable the Commissioners to do this. 3. It is doubtful whether the present camping grounds should be used until the beaches are thoroughly cleansed, and the entire surfaces exposed to the sun and air for a sufficient length of time to remove any malaria which may have been engendered by past occupancy of the ground. But on the other hand it would not be easy in the present state of the North front nuisances, to find spots less exposed to danger in certain states of the wind than the present camping grounds. 4. The most difficult improvement is the one most urgently required, and that is improved water supply. The existing wells afford water of bad or doubtful quality, their use should be discontinued with as little delay as possible, and new sources provided both for troops, civil population, and shipping. So far as concerns the shipping, the analysis already given shows that a slight improvement in the quality of the water could be readily obtained by shutting up the present well, and by conducting water, after being carefully filtered into the existing shipping tank, from one of the wells at a greater distance from the beach. The only argument in favour of this proposition is that the other wells yield fi somewhat purer water, and that at present no better water can be obtained. If the attempt now being made to separate between the large spring of fresh water at the inundation and the salt water by which it is at present rendered unfit for use should succeed, there would be abundance of good water for the whole population of the rock, and part of the supply might easily be directed to the neutral ground. Failing this the only other resource would be to find water by subsoil draining the cleanest portion of the North Front area above the level of high-water mark, provided water of sufficient purity were obtained on trials being made. A distilling apparatus would afford the required amount of pure water for cooking and drinking purposes when troops are camped out. In one way or other the existing wells at the camp should cease to be used for any purposes except for cleanliness. 5. With regard to the town of Gibraltar itself, this inquiry has shown that the most potent agencies in aggravating the intensity of the disease have been bad drainage, bad and deficient water supply, bad construction of many houses, overcrowding, and defects in paving and cleansing of patios. There are powers under the new Order in Council to deal with all questions connected with drainage, paving, cleansing, and general Sanitary regulation, except in so far as regards the contemplated extension of the main drainage and outlet to the south district. A scheme for draining the town has already been sanctioned. A beginning will, it is hoped, soon be made in this important work. Good water has still to be provided. ; Additional powers to carry out this improvement will be required as soon as the sources of water supply are determined. The present water is all either of indifferent or of absolutely bad quality, and its use was one of the aggravating causes of the pestilence. If good water can be obtained from the works at the inundation every house may have its supply, but if only brackish water for drainage purposes can be drawn from this source, then the only water fit for drinking and culinary use would be that collected in tanks.* * Since this Report was in type, further progress has been made in this important work. At the /southern end of the- Inundation there is a nearly perpendicular fissure in the vertical face of the rock, which passes downwards under the level of the sea. A little below high-water level there is a large escape of water from the fissure, containing a variable quantity of fresh and of salt water, depending on the season and rainfall. Works Have been carried on to trace the fresh water upwards and inwarda to the rock, in the expectation that a poirifrwill be arrived at, just above tide level, where a separation between the fresh and salt water can be completely effected. The fresh water conies from rainfall on the rock, which drains downwards into the fissure referred to. . ..>¦,¦•¦ ..-..,. There is, I Tbelieve, every prospect that enough of water for domestic purposes will be obtained from thia source ; and, if so, the water supply of the garrison will have received its solution. All that will foe required will be to conduct it inside the garrison, and to pump it to a sufficient height for distribution. D 4 31 ¦ A careful periodical examination of sources, tanks, means of distribution, and ical qualities of water for the civil population should be made. Private tanks used for household supply are filled by the washings of roofs or of surfaces ; in this way matters both in suspension and solution are carried into the tanks, and the result was that in many cases people had bad tank water to drink while Cholera was in their houses. Where the local advantages are so limited as they are at Gibraltar every care should be bestowed in securing that the water sources available are used to the best advantage for health. At the present time every new house must have its water tank, and in the event of roof water being the only practicable source for domestic use, it will be necessary that a similar principle should be extended, so that every existing house, as well as every new house, should be provided with sufficient tankage, and that every tank should have its filter through which the water must pass before entering the tank. The condition of tanks, filters, and gathering surfaces should be examined periodically by the Sanitary Commissioners ; who should have power to require the executiom of or to execute any improvements for securing purity in the household water which may be requisite for protecting the people from disease. Water of inferior quality would answer for all drainage and household cleansing purposes, for water-closets, water latrines, flushing of sewers, &c. Such water it is intended shall be separately distributed, unless water of sufficient purity for all purposes can be obtained from the works at the Inundation. As many existing wells afford water of a quality totally unfit for domestic use, it would be very desirable, whenever more wholesome water can be obtained, to shut up these wells, and to grant this power to the Commissioners. 7- As regards the barracks, the experience of the late epidemic has shown that the disease was increased in intensity by the unremoved sanitary defects in drainage, water supply, ventilation, &c, described in the " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Mediter" ranean Stations," and that overcrowding of barrack rooms was a powerful predisposing cause of cholera. These defects should be remedied as speedily as possible, and the overcrowding should be put an end to. Better water may now be obtained from two large recently completed tanks, and as the water is partly collected from prepared cemented surfaces, and passed through filters before entering the tanks, it will no doubt be of fair average purity. I would strongly recommend, however, that the gathering ground high up the rock from which these tanks will be in part supplied should be carefully freed from decaying organic matter, animal and vegetable, at least so far as it may be practicable to do so; because, on inspecting the ground from which the rainfall would naturally gravitate towards the tanks, there was much decaying vegetable matter besides myriads of snails and their exuviae, scattered over its surface. When water is collected for domestic use in this way it is a matter of obvious necessity to take care that there are as few impurities as possible for the water to dissolve and carry with it. Water from these new tanks has been recently laid on to two of the barracks, and I would strongly advise that where the levels admit of it all barracks, including the hospital, should have this great advantage extended to their occupants with as little delay as possible. 8. There are several other points of importance which have been brought prominently forward by the experience of cholera. One of these is the construction of houses : another the question of overcrowding in connection with the alien floating population. Under the new Order in Council the Governor and Commissioners have power over the sanitary and other arrangements of all houses hereafter to be built within the garrison, but there is no power capable of dealing with the far more important question of providing improved dwellings. Improvements of this class can only be carried out by private enterprise, and all that can be done by authority is to remove obstructions out of the way, and to grant facilities for investing money in such undertakings. I had an opportunity of discussing this most important subject with the Commissioners, and from what was stated at the meeting it appeared that a large sum of money would be forthcoming for building purposes if there was only sufficient security given for the investment. It was stated as one of the reasons against building better dwellings that the colonial leases were of much too short duration to warrant expenditure on improvements of this class. It appears that the usual lease is for 20 to 23 years, more or less, and it was confidently stated that if longer leases were granted on such terms as amply to secure the colonial revenue, not only would a better class of property spring up, but the revenue itself would benefit by the change. 32 RESULTS OF THE INQUIRY. 33 Much of the property in the garrison consists of freeholds, but these have been so subdivided into small separate interests, and so burdened with mortgage debts, that great and almost insurmountable difficulties would arise if attempts were made at improving or rebuilding the houses either by the present or by other proprietors. It was suggested that powers similar to those of the Incumbered Estates Act would best enable the difficulties to be met, by compensating interests, and by enabling persons willing and able to construct suitable houses to obtain possession of the ground. The two facilities required, without which the present miserable condition of much of the house property must remain as it is, are, thus, longer leases, and powers for extinguishing interests manifestly injurious to the public health. If these necessary facilities be granted, I would suggest that the Governor and Commissioners should agree to a plan for the general constructive improvement of houses and streets, in order that when private enterprise steps in it may be exercised on fixed principles with reference to elevation, drainage, and external ventilation, for the good of all. The building area within the garrison is so limited that without some such prearranged and carefully considered plan of procedure any new house erected may injure rather than improve the adjoining properties. 9. The other point mentioned above is that of the alien population, than which few subjects connected with Gibraltar have given rise to more discussion. Gibraltar affords so many advantages over the neighbouring Spanish towns and villages as a place of residence, and means of living, that there is a constant tendency to influx of people from the districts in the neighbourhood. It is even the habit to send young persons into the town for education. On the other hand there is a variable demand for workpeople of different classes ; servants, trade assistants, and others, by permanent residents. Numerous applications are made by persons on their own behalf, and also by residents, for temporary permits on behalf of aliens. And one of the difficulties of the Government is to select and decide on the persons to whom permits of residence are to be granted. As many as 4, 6, and 8,000 such applications have been before the police at one time, and there is thus a constant tendency to increase the population of an already overcrowded town. Immediately before the cholera appeared the resident alien population amounted to 2,029 ; the number now exceeds 3,000. The Sanitary Commissioners have certain powers for preventing overcrowding in houses, but the exercise of those powers is manifestly at variance with the power of admitting aliens to residence in a town with a fixed number of houses. It has been proposed to meet the difficulty by granting permission to increase the house accommodation by erecting suitable dwellings on the north front under the guns of the fortress, but it was stated that this is objected to on military grounds. Another proposal to remedy the evil is that Her Majesty's Government should lay down authoritatively certain principles on which permits of temporary residence are to be granted, in order that all persons, both in Gibraltar and in adjacent districts, might know the number and kind of applicants who would be admitted on temporary permits. Other parties again see no reason for interfering with the present practice, and they contend that aliens should be liberally dealt with. The existence of overcrowding in the houses of Gibraltar is undeniable. In many instances which I have myself witnessed the population has been double or more than double the number which could be safely lodged in the houses. A reference to Table XII. will likewise show that a large proportion of houses where cholera broke out were overcrowded. One want of Gibraltar may be imported labour, but it is quite certain that a very urgent want is more and better house room. The present population is too great for the number of houses, and this element of disease has always told on the severity of epidemics from the time of yellow fever to the present day. Any questions regarding the policy of admitting aliens are beyond the scope of this report ; but, looking on the subject in its reference solely to the health of the garrison, I am of opinion that it is one of very considerable importance, and which requires to be dealt with. What is really necessary, so far as public health is concerned, is that ample facilities should be afforded for building more houses, and of a better construction, for the accommodation of the resident population, and that due care should be exercised in granting permits not to admit more people than can be safely lodged in the town. 10. There is one subject which was several times brought under notice, and requires to be mentioned, and that is the question of registration of deaths, a duty at present performed by the police, with such means as are at their disposal. I am bound to acknowledge the zealous assistance I received in these inquiries from E 19617. the police authorities ; but nevertheless the statistics of deaths from cholera among the civil population are only approximations to the truth. Three separate accounts of the mortality, derived from three different sources, are given in Tables 11., IV., and V., and they vary so materially from each other as to convince me that, small as the population is, the actual number of epidemic deaths in Gibraltar during the late cholera is unknown. As the Sanitary Commissioners of Gibraltar are charged with all questions regarding the public health, it is of great importance that they should have the earliest intimation of the causes of death, and of any increase in the mortality, in order that they might immediately take the necessary steps to prevent the spread of disease. For this purpose there would be no difficulty in adopting the same system of registration of deaths as that in use in England, and the simplest arrangement to effect this improvement would be to grant authority to the Sanitary Commissioners to conduct the registration. 11. Another matter intimately connected with the public health of the garrison, and for which there is at present no legal provision, is vaccination. I had an opportunity of discussing this subject with Mr. Flood, police magistrate, and the result was a house to house inquiry in districts 25 and 27, which suffered so severely from cholera, in order to ascertain the precise state of the population in these epidemic districts in reference to small pox and vaccination. Appendix XVIII. is an abstract of this inquiry, from which it appears that in October 1866 there were 758 children under 16 years of age in these districts ; that out of this number no fewer than 310 had suffered from small pox ; that 341 had been vaccinated and had hitherto escaped small pox; while 107 children were still unprotected, having neither been vaccinated nor had small pox. These facts in regard to two districts only out of 38 police divisions (besides North front and Catelan Bay), show that in any future Order in Council, provision should be made for efficient public vaccination. Lastly. The inhabitants of Gibraltar have had practical experience of the inutility of quarantine restrictions in protecting them from epidemic diseases, and they are now incurring a large outlay for drainage, water suppty, and general sanitary regulation. They are doing this under the enlightened conviction that the best way to protect themselves against epidemics is to remove the local causes with which these diseases have always hitherto connected themselves. But after they have incurred the cost of these improvements their commerce during epidemic seasons will still be at the mercy of states whose only faith is in quarantine. The question naturally arises, as to whether it is not possible to press on the attention of these states the undeniable fact that cholera is now endemic over a large part of the world : that from time to time it becomes epidemic : that the only result of quarantine in time past has been to lull the people into a security at once false and fatal, by turning their attention away from the real sources of danger, and that the only safeguard of nations from pestilence lies neither in cordons nor in quarantine, but in works and measures for removing local causes of disease. JOHN SUTHERLAND. December 20th, 1866. 34 35 APPENDIX. 36 A P PENDI X. Table I. — Showing the Number of Cases and Deaths from Cholera among the Military Population of Gibraltar during the Epidemic of 1865. Military. State of the Weather. i Total of Men, Women, Children, ¦ I Jj S A < ?f? „ „ Maxi- Strength Strength Strength Total Mean Mean mum Quan- Mean General =4854. =421. =703. StSh Height Tempe- ™^ Direction Q Q ™ y Amlt r , ",„, Localities of Disease. ! =5978. o f rature «„, Character of the . rature of the Wind, of Rain of \ ¦g "S "g "g Ba " ln in fallen. Ozone. Weather. m M m m rometer Shade. „ S^g-dS-dS-a Sun. Tnches. ° ° Inches. o—lo.0 — 10. 18 July - 1 ----- 1 - 30*101 81*0 136*0 W. & W.N.W. 0 2 Fine, bright Camp, North Front (2/22). : 19,, .-1-----1 30*010 78*0 138-0 W. & W.S.W. 0 2*5 „ \ 31,, -111---21 30-082 78-5 136*0 W. & N.W. 0 2*5 „ Camp, North Front (2/22). \ 1 August ----1---1 30-065 75*0 132 # 0 W.S.W. & W.N.W. 0 3 „ | S - 1 - - - 2 1 3 1 30-070 76*5 139 -0 W.N.W. & S.W. 0 I*6 „ North Front; quarters near " country (2/15). 4 „ .-1-----1 30-099 76-5 138-0 E. & S.E. 0 4*5 Gloomy 9 .--1---1- 29-966 76 # 0 135 0 E. & S.W. 0 4 Fine, fresh breeze North Front, married people's " quarters (R.E.) 10 „ -71----71 29-962 72-2 125-0 S.W. &W. 0 2*5 „ Grand Casemates (2/15). 11 „ .---1---1 30-088 74-5 133-0 W. & S.W. 0 3 „ 12,, .-1-----1 30-148 73-0 125*0 S.S.W. & W.N.W. 0 1 „ 15 „ .___--___ 30-157 74-0 129-0 W.N.W. &W. 0 2 Fine 14,, .___-____ 30-173 74-5 130-0 W.N.W. & S.S.W. 0 I*s „ 15 .11----11 30-125 74-5 129 # 0 E.N.E. &E. 0 3 Gloomy North Front, married people's quarters (R.E.) 16 M .----1-1- 30-116 72-0 133-0 E. 0 3 Fine „ » 17 „ .____--_- 30-147 73-0 134-0 „ 0 I*s „ 18 „ .1 - - - - 1 1 1 30-180 73 - 5 125 "0 E.N.E. 0 3 „ Grand Casemates (2/15). 19 „ -11----11 30-059 770 132*0 E.S.E. & S.S.W. 0 2-5 „ Town Range Barracks (R.E.) 20 „ - 1 2 - - - - 1 2 30-015 77-0 123-0 W.N.W. & W.S.W. 0 3 „ South Barracks (2/23). Got ' diarrhoea on 18th at ft orth Front. 21,, .___----- 29-989 75-5 135-0 W.N.W. 0 2-fi „ oa .21----21 29*979 770 1340 0 2 „ Buena Vista (32) on board trans" " port "Renown" (1/9). 23 „ .___-___- 29-972 76-5 135-0 M 0 I*6 „ 24 „ -11----11 29-970 755 104*0 „ 0 3-5 Gloomy, cloudy Moorish Castle (R.A.) 85, .1---1121 29-934 73-5 102-0 W. & W.N.W. 0 2*5 Camp, Windmill Hill (78). Great " Casemates (2/15). 26 „ .-1--1112 30*0*9 725 89 - 0 „ 0 2 Gloomy, threatening Wellington Front (2/15). rain. 27 .___-__•_- 30-103 70-5 88-0 E. 0 3-5 Strong breeze, threat- ening rain. 28 M .-------- 30-149 72-5 112 # 0 N.N.W. 0 25 Threatening rain 29 M .1-----1- 30-185 72-5 1300 N.W. &S. 0 2-5 Very fine King's Bastion (2/15). 30 „ .11----11 30*160 70*5 125*0 E.N.E. 4E. 0 2*5 Fresh breeze Town Range (R.E.) 51 „ .1-----1- 80*122 74*0 111*0 E. 0 3 Gloomy, hazy South Barracks (2/23). 1 September --11--11 30-134 74-0 113*0 E.S.E. 0 3 „ Crutchett's Ramp Casemates 2,, ________ so-213 74*5 96*0 E. 0 4 Overcast, threatening 3W3 W 11----11 30*230 77-0 116-0 „ 0 4 Gloomy, hazy Catalan Bay Barracks (86). 4 1 - - - 1 - 30-203 76-2 127 -0 „ 0 3 „ Buena Vista Hutments (86). 5 23-1--24 80-199 69*0 101*0 „ o*oo2 3*5 Thunderstorm Camp, Windmill Hill (73). Rosia ' Casemates (88). c- 1-111-31 30*167 73*2 92*0 E.N.E. &E. 0 4 Threatening rain Cruchett's Ramp (2/15). Buena Vista (32). Hargraves (R.E.) 7 2S----22 30*083 68*5 90*0 E. 0 5 Overcast, gloomy Naval Hospital (2/23). Catalan Bay (86). 8 m i__-i_2- 30*117 74*0 96*0 » o*o2o 3*5 Overcast, shower Moorish Castle (R.A.) Buena Vista (32). 9,, 11---112 30*204 74*6 127*0 N.W. & E.S.E. 0 2 Overcast, thunder- Buena Vista (32). storm. 10,, 2---1131 30*190 74*5 90*0 E.S.E. & N.E. 0 3*5 Overcast, gloomy Moorish Castle (R.A. = 1). Grand Casemates (2/15). Kings' Bastion (2/15). 11 M 41----41 30*253 69*6 106*5 E. & N.E. 0 4 Cloudy, hazy Prince Albert's Front (R.A.^ Rosia Cataian Bay (86). U 4SI---53 30*202 72*0 850 E. & E.N.E. 0 4 . Hargrove's (R.E.) Grand Casemates (2/15). Kings Bastion (2/15 = 2). Camp, Windmill Hill « - 3 ! 1 - - - 4 1 30*126 75*5 111-5 E. 0 B'B * Bastion (2/15). 14 „ 63----6S 30*191 75*0 86*6 „ 0 3*5 Cloudy, hazy, Engineer Building (R.E.) Welling" Levanter. ton Front (2/15). Camp at Europa (32 = 3). Soldier's home, married quarters (32). 15 1111--22 30*233 75*0 91*0 „ 0 3 ' „ Orange Bastion (R.A.) Moorish Castle (R.A.) 16., 42--Z-62 30*200 75*0 112*0 „ 0 3*5 „ Camp, "Windmill Hill (2/15 =2) ; 1 moved from Kind's Bastion on I 14th. Crutchett's Rarop | (2/15=2). Europa Huts (32=2). 17 H 21----21 30*200 72*5 102*0 m 0 3 „ South Barracks (2/23). Naval ilospitiil (32) • 18 H 3121--52 30*212 74*0 101*0 .05 v Moorish Castle (R.A.) Grand Casemates (R.A.) Engineer Building (R.E.) Buena Vista (32). Camp, I Windmill Hill (78). I I APPENDIX. 37 Table I. Showing the Number of Cases and Deaths from Cholera among the Military Population of Gibraltar, &c. — continued. Military. ' State of the Weather. Total of Meh, ¦ Women, Children, i?", 8 ?*?* . r ; L, ' Maki- ' ' Strenth Strength Strength M«W Mean I Date. =486^- "*«• ='°" J - Strength Height Tempo- Directiou tityAmouut Localities of Disease. ¦ =0978. o f rature ?_ . Character of the I j ; j t, . mature of the Wind, of Earn of I "g U •$ •g Ba * m m , in fallen. Ozone. Weather. 1 i I t I t I J rowctcr Sun - I Inches. ° ° Inches. o—lo. I 19 September S-----5- 30 # 285 735 BS*O E. 0 3*5 Cloudy, hazy, Orange Bastion (R.A.) Naval ¦ iv k!cjjto»i»«/vi » "Levanter." Hospital (2/15). Beuna Vista I (32). EuropaHuts (32). Windmill Hill (86). ILa 31-11-42 30*257 74*7 109*0 „ 0 3*5 „ Europa Huts (32 = 3). Windmill *" " Hill, Officer's Quarters (86). « 33---134 30-159 73*2 110*0 E. & N.E. 0 3 Cloudy, hazy, Orange Bastion (R.A.) South ** " lightning. Barracks, attacked with diarrhoea on Waterport Guard (2/23). Naval Hospital (32). La 42----42 30*083 75"0 111*0 E. 0 3 Cloudy, hazy, gloomy Orange Bastion (E.A. = 2). Well- M " ington Front (2/15). Buena Vista (32). «• S6--1-46 30-112 74-0 lOGO „ 0 3 Cloudy, hazy, Engineer Building (R.E. = 2). 80 " "Levanter. Wellington Front (2/15). Buena ! Vista (32). \, A 381--143 30-280 72*5 93-0 ? o 4 Overcast, shower Moorish Castle (R.A). Castle Road M »' (R.E.) EuropaHuts(32). Naval Hospital (SO). 125 -2--1-12 30-252 74*0 9VO E. & E.S.E. 0-025 4 Overcast, "Levanter" EuropaHuts (32). La 41--1253 30-175 725 UO'O E. 0 3 Gloomy, hazy Naval Hospital (2/15). South " Barracks ; not ']• 50 31 8 4 12 7 „ 11 1 1 — 1 — — » 25 12 _ — — 1 — — „ 26 21 12 2 1 6 1 '„ 13 i ____ — — _ 27 10 5 7 3 4 4 14 _ _ l — — — „ 28 10 7 1 3 2 2 15__—1——» 29 7 7 7 2 1 1 16 1 — — — — — - ?30 8 1 3 1 2 2 is i October 1 ] » 18 — _ 1 — — f- 22 15 6 3 2 2 19 - - - 1 2 219722——„3 10 5 2 1 1 1 ; 22* 3 2 " 411 5 2 3 — — 23712——-„ 5 13 8 7 2 1 1 2475—2——„ 6 12 3 4 4 1 1 2575----» 7 15 8 2 i - - 26 7 - * * 8 }21 14 6 4 3 3 „ 28 J l3 „ 10 11 5 1 1 - - 29 3 6 ----- » 11 12 1 1 _ — — „ 30 4 1 1 1 » 12 10 5 1 — — — ?31— 2 2 — — — .» 13 6 4 7 1 — — • September 14 1 1 — — ' » H 9 6 — 1 — — „ 3 , ,» 16 J „ 5 7 1 1 — „ 18 5 3 — 1 — — „ 6 13 9 3 5 2 1 „ 19 2 3 11 — — 711 4 I___ „ 20 3 — — 2 — — „ 8 11 9 2 2 1 — » 21 — 1 .___" 10 129 16 4 4 4 3 " _______ „ 12 31 13 5 1 3 2 i „ 25 — 1 1 1 — — „ 13 47 19 7 2 2 2 „ 26 _ — — — — — „ 14 23 ' 15 5 3 3 4 „ 27 1 — — — — — „ 15 31 9 1 3 6 5 ! 16 40 15 6 1 3 — Total - 821 420 ' 156 98 81 57 * From this date the 22d August the Cases were daily reported up to 10 o'clock a. m. Three fourths of the civil population suffered from diarrhoea, which at one period was of a rery bad type. More than 8,000 prescriptions were made up and dispensed gratis to upwards of 2,000 of the poorer classes. Table VI.— Showing the Stats of Health of the Civil population of Gibraltar from January ], 1864, to December 31, 1865. Diseases of digestive organs attended as outpatients at the Civil Hospital during these years, arranged month by month approximately. Sickness Months. Dyspepsia. Colic. Diarrhea. Dysentry. or Cholera. AU other Vomiting. diseases. 1864. January 53 27 10 „ 26 „ 1,135 February - - 43 17 11 7 2 „ 1,000 j March - - 62 28 13 3 14 „ 1,006 April 58 40 20 1 17 „ 1,004 May - - - 89 56 44 13 12 „ 1,463 June 67 59 100 17 20 „ 1,452 July - - 74 41 54 6 25 „ 1,465 August 43 42 59 4 13 „ 1,364 September 62 42 54 11 14 „ 1,037 , October - - 28 30 51 6 18 „ 1,043 I November 43 31 28 6 22 „ 849 | December - 29 26 18 2 12 „ 746 1865. i January - - 55 15 11 4 14 „ 1,005 j February - - 51 19 21 „ 25 „ 886 | March - - 48 32 20 1 23 „ 1,225 | April - - - 56 23 14 4 16 „ 1,032 May 80 40 62 8 18 „ 1,285 June - - - 63 63 58 7 40 „ 1,303 July - - - 67 39 53 2 45 „ 1,233 August - - 56 45 121 4 47 „ 1,055 September - 19 21 254 6 61 „ 631 October - - 18 20 121 12 10 „ 736 November - - 22 27 7 5 23 „ 584 December 25 .21 10 2 9 „ 638 Total Out Patients for 1864 - - - 15,387* Total Out Patients for 1865 - - - 13,676* * These numbers represent not the new Cases but the visits of Patients to the Hospital. Chs. Trenerry, Surgeon. 42 APPENDIX. 43 rABLE VII. — Showing the Number of Cholera Cases and Deaths among the Civil Population of Gibraltar during the Year 1860. . Dis- Date. Names. Country. trict. House. Locality. Remarks. 1860. August 14 Teresa Canepa - - Native - 21 15 Town Range • - Died. „ 15 John Terry ... British 22 6 Southport Street - Died. „ 15 Maria Saduler - - Spain 22 4 ' „ - - Recovered. „ 15 Francisca Saduler - - Native 22 4 „ „ „ 20 Mariana Vinent - „ - 25 4 Arrengos Yard - •¦ „ „ 20 Emilia Casasde Ramirez - „ - 2 23 Road to the Lines - „ „ 22 Isabel Giraenez - - Spain - — — Civil Hospital - - ,» „ 22 Maria Olivera - - Native - 25 4 Arrengos Yard - - Died. „ 22 Ana Serisola „ - 26 32 Castle Road - - Recovered. „ 23 Eduardo Apostol - - „ f 9 42 Castle Road - - Died. „ 23 Angela Apostol - - Spain -5 42 „ - - ' „ „ 25 Lorenzo Corsanego - Native ' - 5 42 „ Recovered. „ 26 Pascual Palomino - - „ .3 6 ' Waterport Street - : „ „ 26 Juan Fareon ... Genoa - 5 42 Castle Gully Steps - Died. „ 26 Francisco Balbi - Native - 6 15 Main Street - „ „ 26 Teresa Macedo - „ - 27 18 Willis's Road - - ¦>, „ 29 Carlos Gaibizo - - Genoa * 13 29 City Mill Lane „ it 30 Antonio Guerzi - - Native - 13 29 Civil Hospital - - „ „ 31 Guillermo Gordon - - „ .25 57 Flat Bastion Road - „ „ 31 Maria Martinez - - „ - 25 46 „ Recovered. „ 31 Maria Viagas - - „ - — — Civil Hospital - - „ „ 31 Mercedes Tortabuey - „ - 5 26 Castle Road „ „ 31 Bartolomew Montobio „ .5 6 Castle Ramp ? - Died. September 2 Harriett Skclton - - British - 25 43 Lopez's Ramp „ „ 3 Maria Ramirez - - Native - 2 23 Road to the Lines - Recovered. „ 3 Manuela Melligan „ - 24 42 Prince Edward's Road - „ „ 3 Catalina Cerisola - - „ - 25 41 Lopez's Ramp - - „ „ 3 Teresa Pufino - - -„ .13 14 Gunner's Lane - - „ „ 4 Josefa Lagos - - -„ -27 1 Willis's Road - „ „ 4 Francisca Morales „ - 25 I Bruce's Gully - - „ „ 4 Eliza C.Byrne ... British - 21 22 Town Range - - ;Died. „ 9 Bernardo Nussa - - - Spain - 25 58 Flat Bastion Road - - ; Recovered. „ 9 Baldomero Chappoli - - Native - 25 42 Lopez's Ramp - - Died. * „ 9 Manuel Nussa - - - „ 25 58 Flat Bastion Road - „ 9 Catalina Lambias - - Spain - 5 17 Castle Ramp - - Recovered. „ 10 Josefa Alvarez - - - Native - 25 10 Arrengos Yard „ „ 15 Rosa Lapeen „ - 25 — Civil Hospital - Died. „ 15 Francisco Marrero - „ - 26 24 Willis's Road - „ „ 16 Liberate Escobar - - „ - 24 44 Prince Edward's Road - „ „ 17 Josefa Laltora „ 25 10 Lime Kiln Gully - - „ October 4 Antonio Santos - „ 8 7 Rosia South - „ „ 9 George Sherriff - - - „ 14 32 Frasers Ramp - - „ „ 20 Catalina Cassiaro „ - 25 26 Willis's Road „ „ 27 Felomena Payas - - „ - 25 26 „ - - Recovered. „ 29 Hannah Benniyes - „ 22 1 Convent Place - - Died. „ 31 Diego Sanchez ... Spain - 15 7 Giro's Passage - - „ November 1 Ana Ma. Gonzales - - Native - — — Civil Hospital - - Recovered. „ 2 Juan Anto. Reyes - - Portugal - — — „ '- • - - Died. ¦„ 2 Josefa Ferrando - - Native - 3 17 Turnbulls Lane - - „ „ 2 Antonio de La Cruz - ? 15 7 Girv's Passage „ „ 3 Manuel Martinez - - Portugal - 3 28 Engineers Lane „ „ 3 Magdalena Ferrando - - Native - 3 17 Turnbulls Lane - „ „ 8 Geronima Grillo - - Genoa - — — Civil Hospital „ „ 8 Constancia Rodriguez - - Native - 25 51 Flat Bastion Road - „ „ 10 Jose Viagas - --„ -3 17 Turnbulls Lane - - Recovered. i, 10 Flora Bustos - --» -16 6 Church Street - „ „ 12 Federico Catania „ - 2 36 Road to the Lines - „ „ 14 Adela Bustos - - - „ - 16 6 Church Street - - Died. „ 14 Amalia Bustos „ 16 6 „ Recovered. „ 15 Salvador Ramirez „ - — — Northfront „ ; , 15 Jose Barea - - - Spain - 17 6 Gunner's Lane - - Died. „ 15 Rosa Besura ... Native 15 9 Giro's Passage - • Recovered. „ 23 Juan Conti - - - „ - 27 26 Caballeros Buildings - „ „ 23 Moses Attias - - - ,» - 7 12 Main Street ... „ „ 23 Francisco Ruiz - - Spain 16 6 Church Street - - Died. „ 30 David Attias - - Native - 21 9 George's Lane - - „ December 1 Gimol Attias - --,» -21 9 „-- - Recovered. „ 1 Coty Attias „ - 21 9 „ „ „ l Moses Attias „ 7 9 Main Street - Died. Recapitulation. Deaths 36 Recovered * • <• 33 Total 69 Table VIII.— Showing the Localities of Deaths from Cholera among the Civil Population of Gibraltar in the year 1865 (prepared by the Police). ' ~J Place of .9 g j§ Place of .g § * Date. District. House. £ ."g 6 ~.2~ .2 jj I)ate - District. House. £ d 1.81 .8 S-S i mss* i . mf*i g 1865. 1865. 1 Aug. 11 Bay Lighter 1— - — — 71 Sept. 10 19 7 I 7 2 2 „ 19 N.F. Lime Kiln l — 1 - - 72 „ 10 25 4 1 — I—6 3 „ 20 N. P. Washings-sheds 1 — 1 — — 73 „ 10 26 13 1 1 — 1 4 " 20 17 14 1 1 - 56 2 74 „ 10 26 22 1 1 - 45 3 5 „ 21 N.F. Washings-sheds 1 — 1 — — 75 „ 10 27 26 i _ l — 4 6 ? 21 N.P. do. 1 - 1 - - 76 „ 10 27 26 I - 1 - 4 7 21 11 37 1 1 - — — 77 „ 10 3 South 35 1 1 - 14 — 8 " 21 27 18 1 1 -35 2 78 „ 10 5 do. 5 1 1- JJ - 9 22 24 41 1 1 - 51 2 79 „ 11 5 do. 5 1 1 - SS — io ;; S X 28 i i- - - so ;; n a 29 1 1 - .•;;¦» ¦ 11 „ 23 N.F. Comm« sheds 1 — 1 — — 81 „ 11 3 29 1 1 - 23 2 12 „ 23 N.F. Devil's Tower 1 — 1 — — 82 „ 11 3 41 1 1 - — 1 13 23 7 11 11-82 83 „ 11 3 52 11 69 8 14 , 23 14 37 1 1- 18 1 84 „ 11 21 21 1 1 -41 4 15 ? 23 21 11 1 1 - 130 3 85 „ 12 3 47 1 1 - — 1 16 ? 23 25 61 1 I-! 20 1 86 „ 13 8 I 48 1 1- 42 3 17 „ 24 N.F. Slaughter 1 — 1 — — 87 „ la 3 49 1 1j- 6 2 18 „ 24 17 14 1 1 - 86 2 88 „ 12 3 51 J " « * 19 „ 24 24 2 1 —1 - 1 89 „ 12 5 38 1 1 - 14 1 20 „ 26 17 1 1 1 -44 1 90 ?12 U 27 1 1 -33 1 21 ' 27 11 25 1 1 - 56 3 91 „ 12 9 4 1 1 - 12 1 22 „ 27 16 27 1 1 - 20 1 92 „ 12 24 14 11-61 23 27 19 9 1 1 - 40 4 93 „ 12 24 44 l 1 - 97 5 24 ' 27 19 9 1 — 1 — 4 94 „ 12 24 44 1 1 - 97 5 25 ,| 28 5 29 1 1- 23 1 95 „ 12 25 4 I•— 1 — -8 26 ? 28 14 5 1 1 - 6 1 96 „ 12 25 45 11-82 27 „ 28 15 7 1 1 - 48 2 97 „ 12 26 15 1 1 - 19 I 28 28 25 46 1 1 - 34 2 98 „ 12 26 21 1 1 - 38 5 29 ,29 24 G. A. 1 1 - — 5 99 „ 12 27 11 1 1 - 11 3 30 " 29 CBay. 9 I — - — — 100 „ 12 27 14 1 1 - 13 1 31 „ 29 5 34 1 1 - — 3 101 „ 12 27 23 l — 1 — 10 32 " 30 22 18 1 1 - 10 1 102 ? 12 27 23 1 — 1 — 10 33 " 30 26 23 1 — I—2 103 „ 12 27 27 1 1 - 16 4 34 ' 31 25 5 111—3 104 „ 12 27 35 1 1 - — 12 35 Sept. 2 12 17 1 1 - 47 2 105 „ 12 19 7 1 1 - 38 6 36 3 N.F. Garden I — 1 — — 106 „ J2 7 South 4 1 1-16 — 37 3 N.F. Slaughter 1 — 1 — — 107 „ 13 1 3 1 1 - 22 1 38 3 3 52 1 1 - 69 8 108 „ 13 5 3 1 1 - 20 1 39 " 3 25 5 1 — 1 — 3 109 „ 13 16 2 1 1 - 17 1 40 ", 4 N.F. Devil's Tower 1 — 1 — — 110 „ 13 18 9 1 1 - 12 1 41 , 4 25 31 1 1 - 7 1 111 „ 13 24 1 1 1 - 171 5 42 4 26 19 1 1 - 6 1 112 „ 13 24 15 11-82 43 ' 5 3 52 1 1 - 69 8 113 „ 13 24 25 1 1 - 58 1 44 " 5 25 10 1 1 - 94 7 114 „ 13 25 10 1 1 - 94 7 45 „ 5 3 South 23 1 1 - 143 - 115 „ 13 26 17 1 1 - 55 2 46 „ 5 3 do. 26 1 1 - 10 — 116 „ 13 26 21 1 1 - 38 5 47 „ 6 N.F. Open Air 1 — - — — 117 „ 13 27 5 1 1 - — 5 48 6 5 34 1 1 - — 3 118 „ 13 27 26 1 — 1 — 4 49 „ 6 16 8 1 I - 30 1 119 „ 13 27 35 1 1 - — 12 50 „ 6 18 1 1 1 - 59 2 120 „ 13 3 South 35 1 1 - 14 — 51 6 24 42 1 1 - 61 3 121 „ 13 5 do. 5 1 1 - 23 — 52 „ 6 26 C. H. 1 — - — — 122 „ 14 5 8 1 1 - 10 1 53 7 3 48 1 1 - 42 3 123 „ 14 18 1 1 1 - 58 2 54 7 3 48 1 1 - 42 3 124 „ 14 25- 5 1 1 1 — 3 55 „ 7 14 15 11-51 125 „ 14 26 10 1 1 - 20 7 56 7 15 7 1 1 - 47 2 126 „ 14 •26 22 1 1 - 45 3 57 „ 7 18 13 11-7 1 127 „ 14 27 11 1 1 - 11 3 58 7 27 11 1 1 - .11 3 128 „ 14 27 25 1 — 1 — 2 59 „ 8 N. F. Slaughter 1 — I — — 129 „ 14 1 South 5 1 l - — — 60 „ 8 N. F. do. 1 — 1 — — 130 „ 14 5 do. 20 1 1-17 — 61 8 5 34 1 1 - — ' 3 131 „ 15 5 6 1 1 - 20 3 62 „ 8 27 23 1 — I—lo 132 ?15 5 17 1 1 - 18 1 63 „ 8 3 South 13 1 1 - 15 — 133 ?15 14 2 1 1 - 30 1 64 9 3 do. 23 j 1 - 148 — 134 „ 15 14 16 1 1 - 14 2 65 „ 9 3 40 1 — 1 — 1 135 „ 15 21 16 1 1 - — 1 166 „ 9 3 49 1 1 - 6 2 136 „ 15 22 4 1 1-12 1 67 „ 9 3 51 1 1 - — 3 137 „ 15 23 G 1 Quarters 1 1 - — — 168 ? 9 5 43 1 1 - 33 1 138 „ 15 24 1 1 1 - 171 5 69 „ 9 12 17 1 1 - 47 2 139 „ 15 24 1 1 1 - 171 5 44 Table VIII. Showing the Localities of Deaths from Cholera among the Civil Population of Gibraltar in the year 1 8(io — continued. [jj Place of! a 1 |_« ' Place of .2 [| | Death. -~ § | Death. a g : a; ° n IS ' « a $j Date. District. House. £ .fig •-£ fc Date. District. House. ,g| . 5.2 '* .S Xi © d S |"3 « r« ; "S "2 Io ' o s 1 s £ « | J II s J* I Ld J §I* s^ 1865. 141 Sept. 15 26 18 1 1 - 23 l 216 Sept. 20 27 5 1 1 - 29 5 142 „15 2(5 21 1 1 - 38 5 217 „20 16 G 1 1 - 28 1 143 „ 15 27 10 11- — 3 218 „ 21 2 8 1 1 - 25 1 144 ? 15 27 18 1 1 - 35 2 219 ?21 3 50 1 1 - 33 3 145 „ 15 27 26 1 — 1 — 4 220 „ 21 5 11 1 1 - 24 1 146 „ 15 27 27 1 1 - 16 4 221 21 12 8 1 1 - 39 2 147 15 27 35 1 1 - 238 12 222 21 12 8 1 1 - 89 2 148 , 15 24 G. A. 1 1 - — 5 223 „ 21 19 7 1 1 - 38 6 149 ?16 3 52 1 1 - 69 8 224 „ 21 21 11 1 1 - 130 3 150 ?16 fl 6 1 1 - 20 3 225 „21 21 21 1 1 - 41 4 151 „16 11 44 1 1 - 24 3 226 „21 16 10 1 1 - 22 1 152 „ 16 11 42 1 1 - 24 3 227 „ 21 26 16 1 1 - 76 I 153 „16 16 9 1 1 - 20 1 228 „21 26 25 1 1 - 74 3 154 „16 19 L. G. 1 1 - — — 229 „21 27 24 1 — 1-1 155 „ 16 25 6 1 1 - 16 1 230 „21 Bay Lighters 1 _ - — 156 „16 25 7 1 1 - 47 1 231 ?22 3 50 1 1 - 33 3 157 16 25 57 1 1 - 13 1 232 „22 3 52 1 1-69 8 158 16 27 5 1 1 - 29 5 233 ?22 11 39 1 1 - 31 1 159 16 27 12 1 1 - 27 2 234 „ 22 15 j 17 1 1 - 12 3 160 „16 27 25 j 1 — 1 — 2 235 ? 22 It) I fl j 1 1 - 24 1 1 ! ' ,1 161 ,16 87 27 1 1 - 16 4 880 „ 22 j 21 | 21 1I 1 - 41 4 162 .16 3 South.! 15 j1!1I - i fi — 237 ?22 26 ' 12 1 1- 10 1 163 17 3 ! 36 !1 I 1!-I 16 ! 2 238 , „22 26 17 1 ! 1 - 55 2 164 17 3 ! 52 1 | 1I - 6i> 8 230 „29 26 27 1 | 1 -j 9 2 165 ? 17 14 32 1 1 - 50 2 210 „22 27 5 1 1 - 29 5 166 „17 17 9 1 1I - 25 1 241 22 27 27 1 1 - 16 4 167 „17 17 22 1 1 - 10 1 242 22 28 Garden 1 — - — 168 17 24 15 11-82 243 „22 6 South. 10 1 1 - 25 169 117 24 43 1 1- 29 1 244 „23 .3 16 } 1 -40 2 170 „17 25 4 111—6 245 „23 3 50 1 1-33 3 171- 17 25 10 1 I 1 - 94 7 246 „23 .". 52 J 1-69 8 172 „ 17 26 21 1 | 1 - 38 5 247 23 11 25 J 1 - 56 8 173 17 26 24 1 1 - 70 5 248 „23 19 9 1 - 40 4 174 17 27 3 1 1 - 24 1 249 „23 21 11 1 1I - ' 130 3 175 " 17 27 7 1 1 - 39 2 250 ?23 25 4 1 _ 1j _ 6 176 17 27 23 1 — I—lo 251 „23 26 25 1 1 - 74 3 177 17 27 23 1 — 1 — 10 252 ' „23 26 30 1 1 - 9 1 178 "17 27 -23 1 — 1| - 10 253 „23 27 12 ] 1 -j 27 2 179 17 6 South. 6 1 1 - 40 - 254 „23 27 13 j 1 -j 38 1 180 »18 5 6 1 1- 20 3 255 „23 27 35 I r J - 238 12 181 „ 18 11 30 1 1 - 11 2 256 „23 27 38 J 1j - I 238 il2 182 18 11 42 1 1 - 24 3 257 „23 27 35 J 1 - 238 12 183 „18 18 2 1 1 - 39 1 258 ?23 24 G. A. J 1 -j - 5 184 18 18 4 1 1 - 10 1 259 ?24 4 Id J 1 -! 10 1 185 "18 18 8 1 1- 12 2 260 „24 2 13 1 1- | 0 1 186 „18 19 7 1 1-i 38 6 261 „24 7 5 J 1-I 36 3 187 18 24 30 1 1 - 33 1 262 „24 21 21 1 -! 41 4 188 '„ 18 25 10 1 1 - 04 7 263 „24 25 24 1 -i 14 1 189 18 25 46 1 1 - 34 2 264 „24 25 26 J 1 -j 10 1 190 "18 25 48 i 1 1 -- 1 265 „24 25 44 1 j 1 - 20 1 191 18 22 1 1 -' 39 3 266 „24 27 7 ] j 1 - 39 2 192 "13 27 2 1 1 - 24 1 267 „24 27 33 1 1 -| — 4 193 ". 18 27 23 1 — 1 — 10 268 „24 27 34 * 1 - 48 2 194 18 27 35 1 1 - 238 12 269 „24 27 34 I 1 - 48 2 195 T, 18 3 South. 36 I 1 - — — 270 „24 27 35 1 1 - 238 12 196 19 9 12 1 1 - 54 2 271 „24 27 35 ] 1 -838 12 197 "19 18 8 1 1 - 12 2 272 „24 Bay. Lighters j —- — 1 198 19 19 7 1 1 - 38 6 273 „24 J South. 17 1 1-10 - ,q 9 "19 19 7 1 1 - 38 6 274 „24 3 do. 35 J 1 - — - 200 "19 19 L.G. 11 275 „25 3 j 16 I|l - 40 2 om 19 11 25 1 1- 56 .'{ 27G i ?25 3 17 IJII - 45 1 100 "19 22 15 1 1I- 26 1 277 I „25 11 SB I 1!- ' 11 2 90S 19 q4 q 4 3 1 1 - 10 1 278 , „25 11 23 J 1 - — 1 204 " 9 is 10 1 1 -94 7 279 „25 25 45 1 1, - 8 2 205 I! 19 26 32 1 1 - 14 1 280 „25 26 84 1 1.- | 74 6 206 19 26 25 1 1 - 21 3 281 „25 N. F. Slaughter 1 — 1 — on? " 19 26 27 11-92 282 „25 N. F. Cattle sheds _ 1 — 208 "19 27 1 1 1- 24 1 283 „26 15 G. Quarters 1 l - — - HI 19 27 23 1- 1 - 10 284 ,26 21 7 1 1- 35 2 X 5 ;; !g 27 35 I 1 - 238 12 285 „26 22 IS I I -99 4 on 20 11 24 1 1 -38 3 286 „26 24 1 } 1 ~ 171 5 212 "20 14 3 1 1 - 20 2 287 „26 24 G. A. 1 1 - — 5 oio "20 24 41 1 1 - 51 2 288 „26 26 24 1 1 - 74 5 2U "20 25 10 1 1 - 94 7 289 26 27 23 1 _ 1 _ 10 Xt I) aS » 4 1 1 -24 1 290 „26 27 35 1 1 - SBB U 19617. G 45 Table VIII. — Showing the Localities of Deaths from Cholera among the Civil Population of Gibraltar in the year 1865. — continued. » Place of .S S _g Place of 2 Death. - § "I Death. | a> 3 a £ © a g Date. District. House. g . '¦§ .'? .2 S Date. District. House. g .'5 .©" -~ .2 ! Mi lI U 1 11 I U ¥ 1865. 1865. 291 Sept. 26 South M. P. W. M. 11. 1 1 - — — 351 Oct. 7 10 11 1 1 - 14 2 292 „ 27 7 5 1 1 - 36 3 352 „ 7 13 17 11-91 293 „ 27 27 35 1 1 - 238 12 353 „ 7 17 3 1 1 - 23 1 294 „ 28 9 8 1 1 - 20 I 354 „ 7 21 14 1 1 - 80 1 295 „ 28 16 12 1 1 - 36 1 355 „ 7 22 8 1 1 - 20 2 296 „ 28 21 6 1 1 - 24 1 356 „ 7 24 42 1 1 - 61 3 297 „ 28 25 10 1 1 - 94 7 357 „ 7 27 10 1 1 - — 3 298 ?28 3 36 1 1 - 20 2 358 „ 7 N. F. Cattle Sheds 1 — 4 — — 299 „ 28 3 52 1 1 - 69 8 359 „ 8 4 25 1 1 - — 1 300 ?28 5 27 1 1 - 16 1 360 „ 8 14 18 1 1 - 25 1 301 „ 28 22 12 1 1 - 22 4 361 „ 8 22 8 1 1 - 20 2 302 „ 28 25 41 1 1 - 58 2 362 „ 8 24 1 1 1 - 171 5 303 ?28 26 23 1 1 - 14 2 363 „ 8 27 19 1 1 - 39 1 304 „ 28 27 33 1 1 - — 4 364 „ 8 27 23 1 — - — 10 305 „ 28 4 South 6 1 1 - — — 365 „ 9 6 19 1 1 - 14 2 306 „ 28 N. F. Comm' Sheds 1 — 1 — — 366 „ 9 1 South. 10 11-4 — 307 ?29 2 10 1 1 - 30 3 367 „ 9 N. F. Slaughter 1 — 2 — — 308 ?29 1 5 1 1 - 20 1 368 „ 10 3 P. Baths 1 1 - — 1 309 „ 30 14 28 1 1 - 22 1 369 „ 10 14 29 1 1 - 19 2 310 „ 30 14 29 1 1 - 19 2 370 „ 10 19 9 1 1 - 40 4 311 „ 30 17 29 1 1 - 29 1 371 „ 10 26 24 1 1 - 70 6 312 „ 30 27 33 1 1 - — 4 372 „ 11 7 5 1 1 - 36 3 313 „ 30 3 South 18 1 1 - — — 373 „ 11 11 24 1 1 - 38 3 314 „ 30 3 do. 36 1 1 - 8 — 374 „ 11 13 36 1 1 - 16 1 i 315 „ 30 N. F. Comm 1 Sheds 1 — 1 — _ 375 „ 11 13 G. Quarters 1 1 - — 1 316 Oct. 1 5 4 1 1 - 36 2 376 „ 11 19 L. G. 1 1 - — — 317 „ 1 11 24 1 1 - 38 3 377 ?12 2 12 1 1 - 30 2 318 „ 1 , 26 26 1 1 - 21 1 378 „ 12 15 17 1 1 - 12 3 319 „ 17 South 10 1 1 - 5 — 379 „ 12 17 2 1 1 - 52 3 320 „ 1 do. G' Quarters 1 1 - — — 380 „ 12 25 4 1 — • 1 — 6 321 „ 2 2 10 1 1 - 30 3 381 „ 13 15 G. Quarters 1 1 - — 1 322 „ 2 16 7 1 1 - 20 1 382 » 13 21 22 1 1 - 40 1 323 „ 2 24 44 1 1 - 97 5 383 „ 13 1 South. 5 1 1 *- — — 324 „ 2 25 41 1 1 - 58 2 384 „ 1* 5 4 1 1 - 24 2 325 „ 2 26 21 1 1 _ 38 5 385 „ 14 11 34 1 1 - — 1 326 „ 3 2 23 1 1 - 60 2 386 „ 14 24 44 1 1 - 97 5 327 „ 3 3 8 1 1 - 24 1 387 „ 14 N. F. Garden W. B. 1 — - — — 328 „ 3 15 2 1 1 - 20 1 388 ?15 2 12 1 1 - 30 2 329 „ 3 18 24 1 1 - 13 1 389 ?15 9 12 1 1 - 54 2 330 „ 3 24 42 1 1 - 61 3 390 „ 15 15 17 1 1 - 12 3 331 „ 4 3 23 1 1 - 60 2 391 „ 15 22 12 1 1 - 22 4 332 „ 4 13 20 11-91 392 „ 15 22 12 1 1 - 22 4 333 „ 4 21 7 1 1 - 35 2 393 „ 15 24 7 11- — 1 334 „ 4 25 47 1 1 - 22 1 394 ?16 6 13 1 1 - 14 1 335 „ 4 3 South 37 1 1 - 6 — 395 „ 16 10 11 1 1 - 14 2 336 ?4 24 G. A. 1 1 - — 5 396 „ 16 3 South. 6 1 1 - — — 337 „ 5 6 19 1 1 - 13 2 397 „ 17 1 do. 11 1 1 - — — 338 „ 5 13 9 1 1 - 7 1 398 „ 17 3 24 1 1 - 60 1 339 ?5 19 L. G. 1 1 - — — 399 „ 17 14 32 1 1 - 50 2 340 „ 5 17 2 1 1 - 52 3 400 „ 18 17 2 1 1 - 52 3 341 „ 5 27 33 1 1 - — 4 401 „ 18 24 44 1 1 - 97 5 342 „ 5 Bay Lighters 1 — - — — 402 „ 18 27 5 1 1 - 29 5 843 „ 6 2 10 1 1 - 30 3 403 „ 20 9 3 1 1 - 25 1 344 „ 6 3 31 1 1 - 32 1 404 „ 22 1 South. 19 l 1 _ _ — 345 „ 6 3 51 1 1 - 41 3 405 „ 22 14 16 1 1 - 14 2 346 „ 6 14 3 1 1 - 20 2 406 „ 22 27 10 1 1 - — 3 347 „ 6 26 5 1 1 - 10 1 407 „ 22 C. Bay. 14 1 — 1 — 1 I 348 „ 6 26 11 1 1 - 28 1 408 „ 24 26 24 1 1 - 70 6 I 349 „ 6 26 24 1 1 - 70 6 j I 350 „ 7 2 23 1 1 - 60 2 ' 46 47 APPJ3N.PIX. Table IX. — Giving the Number of Deaths from Cholera among tho Civil Population of Gibraltar in each affected House. A.— North Front, Deaths Deaths Place. from Place. from Cholera. Cholera. Slaughter Houses - - 6 Devils Tower - 2 Washing Sheds - 3 Gardens - 2 Commissariat Sheds - 3 Lime Kiln ... - 1 Cattle Sheds - 2 Open Air - I B. — Town of Gibraltar. $j& No. ofHo.se. »-•£- JSJL No.of House, "gg^" D^[ *¦¦"*-¦ ggff-1 3 1 13 — cant. Govt. Qrs. 1 24— conf. 30 1 5 1 H 2 1 ?41 2 2 8 1 ?3 2 „ 42 3 10 3 „ 5 1 ?43 1 12 2 „ 15 1 „ 44 5 13 1 „ 16 2 25 4 « " 23 1 18 1 ?5 3 33 1 28 1 C 1 3 8 1 „ 29 2 ?7 1 16 2 „ 32 2 10 7 17 1 ?37 1 „ 24 1 23 1 15 2 1 ?26 1 24 1 ?7 2 „ 31 1 29 2 „ Govt. Qrs. 2 „ 41 2 " 31 1 „ 17 3 44 I 36 2 16 2 1 „ 45 a 40 1 ?6 1 „ 46 2 41 1 ?7 1 47 i 47 1 ?8 1 48 1 48 3 ?9 1 „ 57 1 49 2 10 1 „ 61 1 50 3 „ 12 1 26 5 1 51 3 „ 27 1 „ 10 1 " 52 8 17 1 1 h 11 1 4 12 1 ?2 3 „ 12 1 25 1 „ 3 1 13 1 5 3 2 ?9 1 15 1 4 2 14 2 „ 16 1 6 2 22 1 „ 17 2 IH 1 „ 29 1 ?18 1 17 1 18 1 2 „ 19 1 27 1 ?2 1 „ 21 5 : 29 1 „ 4 1 „ 22 3 34 3 ?8 2 „ 23 2 38 1 „ 9 1 24 6 43 1 „ 13 1 „ 25 3 6 13 1 „ 24 1 „ 26 1 19 2 I 19 5 1 „ 27 2 7 5 8 „ 7 6 30 1 11 2 „ 9 4 ?32 1 g — _ „ Library Gardn. 4 „ G. H. i 9 3 1 20 — — 27 1. 1 4 1 21 6 1 ?2l I) 8 1 ?7 2 „ 3 1 Baths 1 ?11 3 „ 4 l 12 2 14 1 ?5 5 10 11 2 „ 16 1 ?7 2 11 24 3 „ 21 4 „ 10 .3 25 3 ? 22 1 „ 11 S 27 1 22 4 1 , „ 12 2 30 2 „ 8 2 ?14 1 33 1 12 4 „ 18 2 34 1 j, 15 1 ?19 1 37 1 „ 18 1 „ 23 10 39 1 23 Govt. Qrs. 1 „ 24 1 42 2 24 15 „ 25 2 44 1 „ 2 1 ?26 4 12 3 2 ,3 1 „ 27 4 17 2 ?.71 28 1 13 9 ' 1- „ GavinosAsylm. 5 „ 33 4 „ 17 l . : 14 1 „ 34 2 20 1 „ 15 2 „ 35 12 " 36 l „ 25 1 28 Garden 1 48 APPENDIX. TablolX. — Giving the Number of Deaths from Cholera among the Civil Population of Gibraltar in each affected House — continued. C. — South District. No> of No of fTonsp deaths from No. of N , H Deaths from No. of N f „ Deaths from District. JNo.ot House. Cholera> District. . J!lo>( " UoMei Cholera. District. JNo> ot ±louse> Cholera. 1 5 2 3—cont. 17 1 5 5 3 „ 10 1 „ 18 1 „ 20 1 „ 11 1 „ 23 2 6 6 1 „ 19 1 „ 26 1 „ 10 1 2 — — ?35 3 741 3 G 1 „ 36 2 „ 10 1 „ 13 l „ 37 1 „ Govt Qrs. 1 „ 15 1 .4 6 1 8, 9, 10 — — Table X. — Particulars of the Wells on the North Front. Depth Quantity Bottom v f of Well of Water of Well w 11 below in below Locality. Remarks. weu ' Ground October High level. 1865. Water.* ft. in. ft. in, ft. in. , ln 0 o r o I n f No. 1. is very largely used by the civil popula; ,! s : : ssi *¦«¦»«¦*—<•*» ai^ffsiSiftaraiKK! 3 y d J I t supplying water to ships. 4 110 34 32A well with two pumps on the This well is used almost exclusively for the sup! roadside 83 yards from the ply of all the troops in Gibraltar during the beach. summer. 5 100 40 29 Near the old north front guard house. 6 12 0 4 6 4 2"] 7 11 8 5 0 3 8 q ]\ ® 5 j? * * r Nos. 6. to 12. are about 10 feet in diameter; they 10 14 6 fi g c fi are worked by bullocks, and the water chiefly 1? 2 p o „ J J 2 The others, 13, 15, 16, and 17, are apparently 15 11 5 4 9 111 I DeVCrUSed DeVCrUSed-16962 0 2 0 j 17 9 6 2 6 2 Oj ! 18 — 3 3 19 Near the cemetery. ¦ 19 — 2 6 1 9 j In the mortar yard. * The difference between high and low water is 4 feet (about). The foregoing is compiled from surveys taken in October ISGS. sth December 18G6. Edw. Roberts. No. XI. Sir, Chemical Department, Woolwich, 13th October 1866. In reply to your letter of the 29th ult, I have the honour to report, for the information of the Secretary of State for War, that the samples of water forwarded for examination by the General Officer Commanding at Gibraltar have been submitted to analysis, with the following results. The waters were described as follows : Contract No. J . from well near the road. „ No. 2. „ well centre ? No. 3. „ well jetty, which supplies the shipping. I The three waters were not found to differ in any important respects from each other; No. 1. as, however, slightly the purer of the three. tAll three waters are very hard, but are considerably softened by boiling. They are greatly perior in quality to the waters previously received for analysis from Gibraltar, excepting that from Swart's reserve well. The organic matter did not furnish evidence of being decidedly objectionable in character, and the proportions of nitrates are small as compared to those found in other samples of water from Gibraltar. The numerical results furnished by the analysis are as follows : I. 11. 111. Total dissolved constituents per gallon. - 36 grs. 41 grs. 47 grs. Carbonate of Lime - - - 11*14 grs. 9*64 grs. 10*94 grs. Sulphate of Lime - - 4*oB „ B*l6 „ 9*20 „ Nitrate of Lime - - - 1*75 „ 1*75 „ 2'oo „ Carbonate of Magnesia - - - 6 "30 „ 5*77 „ 7 "87 „ Chloride of Sodium - - - 1063,, 1310,, 1416 „ Organic Matter - - - 1 -50 „ 2*oo „ 2 10 „ Hardness on Clark's scale - - 23° 26° 30° I have, &c. (Signed) F. A. Abel, No. XL b. Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, Offices, 122, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. Sir, 9th November 1866- I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 24th ultimo ( YrrX J slating that the question of improving the supply of water to merchant vessels at Gibraltar is under consideration, and making certain inquiries, in connexion with this matter, as to the alleged appearance of cholera on board one of this Company's steamers which had received water from the present source of supply. reply, I am instructed to transmit to you the enclosed copy of a report on the subject from the tmpany's Medical Inspector, Dr. Alexander Beattie, giving the information asked for in your letter. I am also instructed to enclose a copy of the report of Dr. A. S. Taylor, to whom a bottle of the water obtained from the same source from which the " Poonah " was supplied was forwarded by the Director for analysis. I have, &c. (Signed) C. W. Howell, fe Under Secretary of State for War, Secretary. War Office, S.W. . - . Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, Offices, 122, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C., Sir, 6th November 1866. »The letter from the War Office, dated 24th ultimo, to your address having been laid before c, I have the honour to submit the following statement in reply, so far as the information required n be given by me. Ist. The name of the steamer on board which the water supposed by Dr. Simon (from the analysis of it made by Professor Parkes of Netley Hospital) to have been the cause of two fatal cases of cholera which occurred among the crew was the " Poonah." 2d. The two iron tanks in the fore-part of this steamer, each capable of holding about 1,200 gallons of water, were filled up at Gibraltar from casks sent by the Company's agent, and the date of watering was the sth June last. 3d. The " Poonah " left Alexandria at 1 1 a.m. of 28th May, and during the voyage to Southampton only one case of dysentery and one of cholera are reported in the surgeon's list. The former occurred in a second-class passenger, ill at date of leaving Alexandria, and discharged on arrival at Southampton. The latter was seized on the 9th of June when the vessel was in the English Channel, and died the same clay. He was one of the firemen of the ship, and was a delicate weakly man. He complained for the first time of being ill to a companion about £to 4 o'clock a.m. of the 9th. The surgeon saw him at 6 o'clock. He performed his work in his evening watch from 4 to 8 o'clock of the Bth, and sat up with his messmates at supper till 10 o'clock. He partook copiously of water on coming up heated from the engine-room. The night was chilly and he no doubt sustained a nervous shock. 4th. Another fireman, named Palmer, not known to be ill before the arrival of the " Poonah " at Southampton, was reported to have suffered from severe diarrhoea from the day of his arrival. He lived with his family on shore, got some medicine from a druggist on the 12th, went to work on board ship on 13th, was sent for about 4 p.m. of that day to see one of his children reported to him to be dying, he remained at home, and died on the 19th. sth. Under instructions from the Directors as reported to you for their information, I visited the " Poonah " on the 30th June, and made inquiry into the state of the crew and the vessel. I ascertained that the water in the two fore tanks had been used by the whole of the crew and second-class passengers, in number 118 persons, on the voyage homeward. Some others of the firemen, and these only, had suffered slightly from relaxation of the bowels, but did not apply to the surgeon, nor cease from work, and they all were healthy and well when I inspected them. 6th. The meteorological condition of atmosphere, as shown by the register of the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton, from Bth to 14th June exhibited considerable fluctuation of barometer and thermometer, and the electriq disturbance which prevailed was more marked, and sufficient to disturb the nervous system and occasion increased intestinal secretions. 7th. The analysis of samples of water taken from the source from which the steamers are supplied at Gibraltar, made by Professors Miller and Alfred Taylor, prove the water to contain an excess of carbonate of lime and magnesia, and also a small quantity of organic matter. Bth. Measures ought to be adopted to obtain, if possible, water of a better quality for the ships. If this cannot be done, the several means of purification by filtration, boiling, &c, which ha.ye been represented to the directors, should be carefully used. I am, &c. (Signed) Alex. Beattie, M.D,, C. W. Howell, Esq., Secretary, Medical Inspector. P. & O. S. N. Coy. 49 I Q Table XII. — Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population Fatal Cases of Cholera. . . state Windows. ' State Stato Statoin whether State State Stato general wh ether which Floor theWalls> who th_,at Number of District (D.), whether whether Sanitary' an y ofthc Ceilings, or the Dato State and the Street tbo ' Condition Nuisances Housotho noOTSoi of Attack, Stato whether Date or Court Surface whb ofStree t were Patient was theHouso the Inmates Wn thaWi , . » . Numberor __, "Properly orC(mrt: com- attacked: were oftheßooms No " «»*~*™« Designation of House (H.) "Drained" P aved " "Good," Plained of « Basement » .< clean> ,. wero in open into \ Dcath> wl,n«._t«.VpH or " Un - ° r " In ' ' tJn - ' atOT " Ground Floo r" "In- "Crowded," affected a "Street," where attacked. merent ,, the "Mezzanine," different ,, .. Not pr« Bad.» 0r ., 8ad ,, Timeof "istFloor," or< .. &c , Court ' Attack. "2nd Floor," &c. c i ean .» or "both." Yrs. 1865. 2 M. 17 August - North Front - - - tJndrained Indifferent Indifferent No Ground Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Street 36 „ 21 „ - „ ¦ ¦ • „ Bad Bad Yes „ Not clean Crowded 3 „ 25 „ 20 „ - ¦ „ „ » „ „ ? ¦¦ 3 19 „ 21 „ ¦• „ ... „ „ „ v „ „ „ 3 50 „ 23 „ - ii • - „ ii ? No „ Indifferent Not crowded 1 Court 18 F. 23 „ - ? -. - - „ Good Good „ „ Clean „ l Street 11 M. 29 „ - Catalan Bay - . „ „ , „ „ „ I 43 „ 3 September North Front - „ Bad Bad „ Ist Floor Not clean „ 2 Enclosed yard 34 F. 8 „ „ ¦- ' - - ? Good Good „ Ground Floor Clean „ 2 Street 40 „ 8 „ „ - „ Bad Bad , Ist Floor Not clean „ 2 Enclosed yard 41 M. 28 „ „ ... „ „ „ „ Ground Floor Indifferent „ 1 Court 38 „ 30 „ ' „ ... „ „ „ „ „ „ „ i |( 78 F. 7 October - „ » Good Good „ „ Clean „ 1 Street G8 „ 9 „ - „ - - - >. ? » ? „ ? ? 2 B.—Town of ,, — _____ Yrs. 1866. IE« M 20 August - D. 17, H. 14, Gunner's Lane - Drained Indifferent Bad Yes 2nd Floor Not clean Crowded 2 Court < 29 , 21 » - D. 11, H. 37, Castle Ramp - „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 5 Street 70 F. 21 „ - D. 27, H. 18, Willis's Road - Undrained „ „ „ Groupd Floor „ Not crowded 2 Both 40 M. 22 „ -D. 27, H. 28, Hill Side - Bad „ Always Stables for „ Crowded None None ! Donkey, Ground Floor. 26 F. 22 „ - D. 24, H. 41, Rood, Devil's Gap - Drained Indifferent Indifferent Yes Ground Floor Clean Not crowded 4 Court 57 „ 23 „ - D. 21, H. 11, Town Range - „ „ „ No 2nd Floor „ „ 3 „ 40 M. 23 „ - D. 14, H. 37, Froser Ramp - „ Bad. „ Yes Ground Floor Not clean „ l Street 40 ? 23 „ - D. 27, H. 24, Cavallero's Yard - Court not „ Bad „ „ » „ 1 Court . . drained. 18 ?23 „ - D. 25, H. 61, Road, Devil's Gap - „ „ Indifferent „ „ ? Crowded 1 „ ; 70 F. 24 -D. 24, H. 2, Road to Flat Bastion Drained Indifferent „ No ? » Not crowded 1 Street I 6i M. 24 „ '¦ D. 17, H. 15, Gunner's Lane - „ „ Bad • Yes » „ Crowded 1 Court j 39 „ 26 „ - D. 17, H. 1, Governor's Parade - „ ' „ Court bad „ » » „ 1 „ 19 „ 27 „ - rD.I»>H. 9, Prince Edward's Rd. „ „ „ „ 2nd Floor „ 1 Outer air 29 „ 27 „ » ? „ „ „ „ Ground Floor „ „ 1 „ 7 „ 27 „ - D. 16, H. 27, Church Street - „ Properly Indifferent No » ? „ 1 Court 37 ? 27 „ - D. 11, H. 25, Serruya's Lane - „ Bad Bad Yes ? ? ? 1 „ 43 F. 28 „ - D. 25, H. 46, Road to Flat Bastion „ Indifferent Court bad „ 3rd Floor „ Not crowded 2 43 „ 28 „ - D. 15, H. 7, Giro's Passage - „ Bad Indifferent „ Ground Floor Clean „ 3 Street I6IM. 28 „ - D.14.H. 6, Governor's Street - „ Indifferent „ „ , 2nd Floor „ ? 3 „ ! I 6 „ 28 „ - D. 5, H. 29, Lower Castle Street „ No „ Not clean Crowded 1 ~ '" — -I — ' - - — - 50 of Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865 (prepared by the Police). Front. Water Supply. House Drainage. Doors: Quality j Any Smell Nature "Whether i whether at the How Situation whether S'ojen such^Gulley of How Nuisance . . Time of Quantity : obtained : of Gulley or Sink Privy Privy is or Smell I opening into a « Drawn wt m^,. . any or at the . supplied Attack: I ?g um. from Water Tank; ' gink in Time the Accommo- w » tll arose | Common Whence "Good"! Tank," or "Under House the Street Patient was dation: Water: from | hjhuakjio. Stair/'orinto derive(l - Clear," | t " or Boom." or Drains: Co ° u r rt *fig& "Open A Privyat \ "Muddy,"| "In- "Carried," "House," ! close to any Drain Sink," or "By Time of *• ° «m i. j "Drawn «TTv/io» "Yes," he House opened «p«,v,vnnri Hand," AtfarVlin, , 4 . „ "Tasted j sufncient » from Under attacked : within the I Common "Not Attack - Outer Air. badly," ! Pipe," &c. Coui-t," &c. or "No." "Yes," Room Privy," supplied." "Yes," or " No." or House » or « N o.» &c. j affected. &c - &c> or jno. Outer air Drawn Good Sufficient Drawn None No No None No privy — No Near No. 1, Limekiln, North from well. from well. Front - Bad h i, ? » Yes Yes Common No Yes ~| P11"^P 11 "^ Government Contractor's > Sheds, for washing „ it ¦¦ .1 » » » » " " " » Soldiers' Bedding. j Close court Good „ „ » »» No No „ „ No Commissary Sheds, North Front. Ontorair „ „ ? .. » » » » .» Near the Devil's Tower uuierair „ „ „ ? Guard, North Front. „ „ „ „ „ „ Mr. Conte's House, Catalan " .. ¦ B Enclosed yard „ „ .. v >. .» » » » » » Mrs. Peralta's Store, North Front. nn n f™ n : r ? „ „ v » .» •> » Situate near the Slaughter- Outer air „ „ .. » .. house, North Front. Enclosed yard „ „ „ „ ? » » » » » » Mrs. Peralta's Store, North r ront. rin"r» r.mn+ ? >, .. » » » » Commissary Cart Drivers Close court „ „ ? .. Sheds, Nbrth Front. n,, f ., n .> „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Government Contractors uiuerair „ j „ Cattle Sheds, North Front. „ „ „ „ ii m » » » Situate near the Slaughter" " house, North Front. I ,' Gibraltar. Court Ragged Staff Tasted Insufficient Carried - Yes Yes Yes Open sink Vri Yes Water-dosets^and^ drains y * smell. «-_._„,„ o t o j VQ — No No No h it H This room is occupied till Common stairs „ „ „ .. «o «» «» pi o'clock p.m. as a drinking and smoking room for soldiers. Died in hospital. Court Tank Good „ Drawn Under room Yes „ „ Common „ „ This room is unfit for any v,ouri, xaiiß. «uuu privy. human person to live in. Outer air Near ground Muddy „ Carried None None None No privy None None The premises are only a with donkeys; very bad t smell always arising from the same. Court Tank Good „ Drawn Court Small; Yes Yes Common Not No Yes. privy. supplied, mon stairs Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried Yes No No „ „ Yes Co^rt^not in good sanitary Court „ Good „ „ — .. » » » " » _ L Yes Yes ? ? » Died in hospital. Court is " " " " " not in good sanitary condition. Water-closet and drain out of order. One privy for BO persons. Badly „ „ — No No No Open sink Outer air Tank Good „ Drawn Under house Yes „ » Common „ „ privy. I Court Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried - „ Yes Yes Open sink „ „ „ „ „ „ This room was condemned » " • " " " " by a medical doctor. Court is in a very dirty state, also the drams and watercloset. Common stairs Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under court No » » .. » » The house drain is closed. Street „ .. » » » » » » » » " " " Court Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried — Yes No No „ » » — North Front „ „ „ - » Yes Yes „ „ .. Co^isjn a bad sanitary Common stairs Ragged Staff „ ? ? - » No No •' » " j Street North Front Good „ „ - ? Yes Yes „ .. » Wato-clwet in a very bad Outer air „ >• » •• ™ •» " " " " " Common stairs Tank „ ? Drawn House „ » » C< $fr£ n " " in a bad condition, J . ...... j 51 52 APPENDIX. Table XII. — Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population B. — Town oj I Fatal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. gtato state stateill wh J ther Btate State State general whether which Floor the Walls, whether, at 1 Number of District (D.), whether wither Sanitary an y ofthe Ceilings, or the Date State , the Street tho Condition Nuisances House the Floors of o f Attack, State whether the Date or Court Surface was of Street were Patient was the House the Inmates ._, SoT of Number or was "Properly orCourt: com- attacked: were oftlleßooms "°- WlnaowB Designation of House (H.) "Drained" P aved '" "Good," P lained of "Basement," ?c iean), Xfm in openinto Death ' where attanked or " Un - ° r " ln ' " In " "* " " Ground Floo r'" "In- "Crowded," affected a "Street" where attacked. different >> different ,, before the "Mezzanine," differ(mt ,, , , „ ? „ 2nd Floor „ „ 2 Court i 28 „ 3 „ D. 3, H. 52, Castle Ramp - .. .. » „ Ground Floor Indifferent Not crowded 1 „ 50 F. 3 „ D. 25, H. 5, Arengo's Yard - „ „ .. ? „ Not clean „ 1 „ 07 „ 4 „ D. 25, H. 31, Lopez's Ramp - ? „ Indifferent No „ Clean „ 2 | 50 ?4 „ jD. 26, H. 19, Gully Steps - .. Bad Bad Yes „ Not clean Crowded 1 „ 04 ?5 ? D. 3, H. 52, Castle Ramp - .. Indifferent Court bad „ „ „ „ 2 „ 02 ?5 „ D. 25, H. 10, Levy's Building - Undrained Bad Bad Privy „ „ „ 1 », 55 M. 0 „ D. 5, H. 34, Gully Steps - „ „ Not crowded 1 34 F. 6 „ D. 24, 11. 42, Prince Edward's Rd. „ Indifferent Indifferent Yes „ Indifferent Crowded 1 „ 49 ?6 „ D. 10, H. 8, Baker's Passage - Drained „ „ „ 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 3 „ 33 M. 1 „ D. 14, H. 10, Governor's Street - v » >• .» Ist Floor Not clean Crowded 2 Street 60 F. 7 „ D. 15, H. 7, Giro's Passage - „ Bad „ „ 2nd Floor Indifferent „ 3 Court 86 M. 7 „ D. 3, H. 48, Castle Street - .., „ „ » „ „ Not crowded 5 „ 3 „ 1 „ D. 27, H. 11, Willis's Road - ? » Bad „ Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 „ 83 „ 7 „ D. 18, H. 13, Prince Edward's „ Good Good None 2nd Floor Clean „ 2 Both Ramp. 60 M. 8 „ D. 5, H. 34, Gully Steps - - Undrained Bad Bad — Ground Floor Not clean Very crowded 1 Court Si F. 8 „ D. 27, H. 23, Cavallero's Yard - ? ? ? Yes Ist Floor „ „ 1 4| „ 9 „ D. 3, H. 49, Castle Street - Drained Indifferent Indifferent „ Ground Floor „ „ 1 „ \ 1 « 3 •> D. 3. H. 40, Conti's Yard - Court Bad Bad „ „ „ „ None None undrained. 58 11. 9 „ D. 12, H. 17, Governor's Street - Drained Indifferent Indifferent „ „ „ „ 1 Court 60 „ 9 „ D. 5, H. 43, Gully Steps - - .Undrained Bad '„ 2nd Floor „ „ 2 » 2 F. 10 „ D. 27, H. 26, Cavallero's Yard - „ .. Bad „ Ground Floor „ „ 1 2 M. 10 „ D. 26, H. 13, Castle Street - » Indifferent Indifferent „ „ „ 1 „ 70 F. 10 „ D. 25, H. 4, Arengo's Yard - Drained „ „ „ „ Indifferent Not crowded 1 Street 7 M. 10 „ D. 26, H. 22, Gulley Steps - „ Bad „ „ 2nd Floor „ Crowded 1 34 F. 10 „ D. 7, H. 11, Turkey's Lano - ? Properly Good „ „ Not clean Not crowded 1 Court 2 M. 10 „ D. 19, H. 7, Prince Edward's Rd. >, IndilTerent Indifferent „ „ „ „ 2 Yard 78 F. 11 „ D. 21, 11. 21, Church Street - „ Properly Court bad — Ground Floor „ Crowded None None 47 .. 11 ». D. 3, H. 40, Conti's Passage - Court Bad „ Yes „ „ Not crowded 1 Court undrained. 51 M. 11 „ D. 3, H. 52, Castle Rump - - • Drained „ „ „ „ Indifferent Crowded 3 „ 36 F. 11 „ D. 3, H. 29, Carreras Yard - „ „ „ „ 3rd Floor „ „ 3 145 ?11 „ D. 27, H. 23, Cavallero's Yard - ! „ „ „ „ Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 „ 145 M. 12 „ D. 27, H. 27, Cavallero's Yard - Undrained „ Bad — „ „ Crowded 1 „ 28 F. 12 „ D. 3, H. 49, Castle Street - Drained Indifferent Indifferent — Terrace Indifferent „ 1 Terrace I2IM. 12 „ D. 19, H. 7, Prince Edward's Rd. „ „ „ — 2nd Floor „ „ None None 68 F. 18 „ D. 24, H. 14, Road to Flat Bastion „ „ „ — Ground Floor „ „ 1 Open air I APPENDIX. of Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. Gibraltar — continued. Water Supply. House Drainage. Doors: Quality Any Smell Nature Whether whether at the How Situation whether Wither of Nuiaance . ,_ fnß Time of Quantity: obtained: of (iulley or Sink Privy Privy is or Smell Ton ' " Suffl - ' <&n WatOTTank; «£* T^ 6 ACC ° mm °- SU * arOS6 RK MAB K 8 "Common Whence "Good," Tank," or "Under House the Street Patient was dation: Water: from MBAEKBI , sta ir,"orinto derived . "Clear," **"« 0m ,. 0r .. Open gto Privy at .. "Muddy," "In- "Carried," "House," close to any Drain Sink," or "By ( Time of n ? „ "^sted suffloient ,, "£r* "™<* " YeS " Sk^wfEt "°™» *», **"*J "Outer Air. badly," Pipe,"&c. Court," &c. or "No." "Yes," Room Privy,", supplied." "Yes," &c . or "No." or^House &c&Ot or "No." | Street Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried — No No No None — None j Court „ h n » — Yes Yes Yes Common Not Yes I privy. supplied. j Common stairs Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under court No „ „ Open sink „ » I Court Ragged Staff „ Insufficient Carried — Yes » •> ? » .. Court and water-closet are not in good sanitary con- I dition. One privy for 60 persons. Common stairs .North Front ? „ „ — » » » » » » Court Tank Tasted Sufficient Drawn Under court „ „ „ » » » Privy unfit for human use; badly. house is not in good sanitary condition. „ Ragged Staff Good Insufficient Carried — „ » » .. » » I „ Tank ? „ Drawn Under court „ >, „ Common „ „ i privy. North Front Badly .. Carried — No » » No privy None None Dangerous and unsafe for " any person to live in. Tank Tasted Sufficient Drawn Under court Yes Yes From sink Common Not Yes Room unfit for habitation. I " badly. P riv y> supplied. „ Good Insufficient „ Under house No — From privy » » » The whole building is in a " " dilapidated state, and a quantity of filth and slops are thrown outside the house, together with an uncovered cesspool, which emits a fearful smell. M Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried — „ Yes „ „ ¦> » — » » » » » » Privy in bad condition. Common stairs North Front Good „ „ — Yes „ Yes » »» >» — Court — No i, „ Open sink „ „ Dangerous to live in ; house " " in ruins. Common stairs „ „ „ „ - Yes „ Smell from „ » .. Bad smell from privy and drain. drains. „ Tank » » Drawn House „ » Yes » » » j „ Ragged Staff » >• Carried — No » » » » » i Tank „ Sufficient Drawn House Yes „ » Common „ „ Privy is under ground, and privy. bad. Court Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried — No — — None — — j — Yes Yes Yes Open sink Not Yes Privy in bad state. j " " supplied. I North Front Good „ „ - No „ „ .. » •> This property is in a filthy state. j „ „ — Yes , » Common „ » — — ! " " privy. I Common stairs Tank „ » Drawn Court No » Bad smell „ »» » Court Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried - „ „ Yes „ .. » Privy dangerous to health. — „ „ H » » " Privy in a bad state. — Yes Oi.fprn.ir — „ » » » » The whole property is in bad " " condition. Common stairs „ „ — , No - „ ? » Privy is in a filthy state. „ Tank Good >• Drawn House „ Yes Yes » >• » Court Ragged Staff „ „ Carried - „ „ „ Open sink „ „ 10^ low, and room very damp. Outer air North Front „ » » — » » » » » » Common stairs Tank Badly Sufficient Drawn Under court „ » From sink Common „ >, Privy unfit for human use. privy. „ North Front Good Insufficient Carried — „ » Fromdrains „ » .. .. » Court Ragged Staff Badly „ „ - „ » Yes „ ? » Privy unfit for human use. vuuru iwibbou omu -uauij, ? One privy for 50 persons. Good „ » — No v » n » " T)ied in hospital. Terrace >, » » >• ~ Yes » » » » » Common stairs Tank » » Drawn House » » » •> » " „ „„>.»» » No No M •> j 19617, H 53 APPENDIX. I 54 Table Xll.— Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population B.— Town of I Fatal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. State State State in whether State ~ State State general whetner which Floor the WallBi whether, at Number of District (D.) whether whether Sanitary any ofthe Ceilings, or the Date State the Street the Condition Nuisances House the Floors of of Attack, State whether Date or Court Surface was ofstreet were Patient was the House the l nmaJt es No . tho Windows Number or was "Properly orCourt . com- attacked: were o f the Rooms Age. Sex. of J a , . j^ «tw™wl» paved," <.n™i» plained of "Basement," "pipon" WPrB in open into Designation of House (H.) "Drained * ' Good, r _ 3Z „ wean, were Death. or"Uu- or "In- ,. In _ at or "Ground Floor, ., In . "Crowded," affected a "Street," where attacked. different," different)> . before the "Mezzanine," afferent," "Not noom . • Bad Bad — Ground Floor „ „ 2 Street 73 „ 12 „ D. 26, H. 15, Castle Road .... „ „ - ? Crowded 1 Court 60 „ 12 ? D. 26, H. 21, Gully Steps - - » „ ... » >• », None None 20 ? 12 .. D. 27, H. 11, Willis's Road - » „ .. - ». » » 1 Court 2 M. 12 » D. 3, H. 51, Castle Ramp. - » Indifferent Indifferent — 2nd Floor Indifferent „ 1 » 60 F. 13 » D. 1, H. 3, Waterport Street ... „ Good - „ Not clean „ 2 Street 16 „13 .. D. 24, H.I, Prince Edward's Rd. »> Indifferent — Ist Ground „ „ 2 ,„ rloor. 2 „13 h D. 27, H, 26, Cavallero's Yard - Undrained Bad Bad - „ .. Not crowded 1 Court 42 „ 13 .. D. 26, H. 10, Levy's Building - „ „ ? — _ _ 2nd Floor •• » X ; 8J „13 „ D. 24, H. 15, H. Goy™ Parade - Drained Indifferent Good — ? Clean „ 2 Street 45 M. 13 » D.lB,H.9,Fraser'sßamp. - „ „ Indifferent - Ground Not clean „ 1 Court j 63 „13 .. D. 16, H. 2, Bomb House Lane'- „ „ ' Court bad - 2nd Floor „ „ 1 Street 1A F. 13 .. D. 26, H. 17, Castle TU>ad ..'¦„¦ Bad Bsd — « Ground Floor „ .. „ 1 Court 48 „13 » D. 27, H. 6, Willis's Road - - >. Indifferent Court bad - 2nd Floor Indifferent Crowded 1 Street 24 „13 .. D. 5, H. 3, Castle Ramp. - .. ' „ Bad - Ground Floor Not clean „ None 18 „13 „ D.27,H.3s,Wilhs'sßoad- - ... ... „ 2nd Floor „ .. 1 Street 7M. 13 „ D. 24, H. 25, H. Gov™ Parade - ? Bad Indifferent No ,i Clean Not crowded 1 Court 33 F. 13 „ D. 26, H. 21, Gully Steps ¦ ¦ „ Bad Yes Ground Floor Not clean Crowded None Nono 36 ?14 „ D. 25, H. 5, Arengo's Yard - - .. Indifferent Court bad „" » .. » x Court 25 M. 14 „ D. 27, H. 25, Cavallero's Yard - „ Bad Bad „ .. » » l 46 „14 „ D. 5. H. 8, Castle Ramp . - .. „ Court bad „ 2nd Floor „ Not crowded 2 ! Stairs. 34 „14 „ D. 26, H. 10, Baker Passage - .. „ ' Indifferent No „ Clean „ • 2 Court 28 ?14 „ D. 18, H. 1, Fraser's Ramp. ¦ .. „ Court bad „ Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 30 ?14 „ D.26,H.22,GullyStepB! - - ; » „ Bad Yes 2nd Floor Indifferent „ 1 Street 9 „14 „ D. 27, H. 11, Willis's Road- - .. , „ .. .... Ground Floor Not clean ? 1 Court 29 „15 „ D. 5, H.M, Castle Ramp. ¦ [» , » » No 2»d Floor Clean „ 1 Street 7 ?15 „ D. 27, H. 11, Willis's Road - - .. „ .. Yes Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 Court 2 ?15 „ D. 24, H, 1, Prince Edward's Rd. .. Indifferent Indifferent No 2nd Floor „ .. 2 Outer air 53 F. 15 „ „ „ • „ v t 3rd Floor „ .. 1 6 ?15 „ D. 5, H. 17, Castle Steps - - „ „ » 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Court 50 M. 15 , D.l4,H.2,Rogrs.Rainp. ¦ „ „ .. » Ground Floor „ .. 2 78 F. 15 „ D. 26, H; 18, GuUy Steps - - „ Bad Bad „ .. Not clean .. 1 7 „ IB „ D. 14, H. 16, Governors Street ¦ „ „ „ Prom „ ? Crowded 1 38 „15 „ D. 21, H. 16, Town Range ¦ - „ Good Court bad Yes „ ? Not crowded 1 I 4 15 „ D. 22, H. 4, South Port Street - „ „ Good No 2nd Floor Clean „ 1 6M. 15 „ D. 87,11. 27, Cav«Uero'i Y«d - .. Bad Bad Yes Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 Outerairmjd Sink. I APPENDIX, 55 I of Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865 — continued. Gibraltar — continued . "Water Supply. House Drainage. Doors: Quality Any Smell Nature Whether * hethOT atthe How Bituation Whether Zyiptn BuchoSlley of How „„„•„„ i ntn „ Time of ; Quantity : obtained : of Gulley or Sink Privy Privy is or Smell opening into a " D™™ Water Tank , "V « ""he Accommo- «*£"«* arose «r orJNO - Common stairs Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Court Yes Yes Yes Common Not Yes The court is in a very filthy privy. supplied. state, and privy very bad. „ A Badly Insufficient „ Under house „ No „ „ „ „ „ „ ! » » Good Sufficient „ „ „ Yes „ „ „ „ Court „ „ „ „ „ v „ „ „ „ „ The house drain is within the wall of this room, and fills the whole of tho room with a bad smell. „ ' North Front Indiff. Insufficient Carried -• No. — — „ „ „ Drains in a very bad state. Died in hospital. „ Ragged Staff Good „ „ — — — „ „ „ „ Tank „ Sufficient Drawn Under house Yes — — „ „ „ Privy in bad condition at the time of attack. Common stairs „ „ -• „ „ Under court „ Yes Yes ? » „ „ Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Court in bad sanitary order. Court Tank Good Insufficient Drawn Under house „ „ „ „ » „ «„ Ragged Staff. Badly „ Carried — ,„ — —.¦ „ „ „ „ North Front Good „ „ — „ — — ? » „ Room unfit for human use. ? I ? ? ? — ? — — Open sink „ „ Common stairs „ „ „ „ — „ — — . Yes „ „ „ Tank „ Sufficient Drawn — „ Yes Yes Common „ „ Tho house drains are open privy. sinks and without traps. Court North Front „ „ Carried — „ — — ? » „ The court is in very bad state. I „ Tank „ Insufficient Drawn Under terrace No — — „ ? ¦ Common stairs „ „ Sufficient „ Court Yes — , — „ ? „ Common stairs Ragged Staff „ „ Carried — „ — — „ » „ Court „ n v v — .. — — ii >• v „ Tank „ „ Drawn Under house „ — — „ » „ „ „ Badly Insufficient „ Court No — — „ .. „ Common stairs „ Good „ „ House Yes — — „ ,» „ Drains and privies are in a very filthy state, and strong smell arises. „ ? H v „ Under house „ No No „ » No — - i Court | North Front Badly „ Carried — „ Yes Yes Open sink » Yes Died in hospital. A strong smell rises from drain and privy. ; . „ Ragged Staff „ „ „ *• ,„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ? » „ H 5. — » i> » ? » v In bad sanitary condition; one privy for 60 persons. Common stairs Tank Good „ Drawn Under room „ „ „ „ „ „ A strong smell arises from drain and privy. „ „ „ „ „ Under court „ — — Common » No privy. | Court North Front Badly „ Carried — No Sink ; Yes Yes Open sink » Yes Tho court is in a filthy state. Common stairs ? „ „ „ — Yes Yes „ „ „ ? Drains and privy in a very bad condition. Court „ ii ii H — No „ H „ » „ Common stairs Tank Good „ Drawn Under house Yes „ „ Common „ „ privy. Court North Front Badly „ Carried — No „ „ Open sink „ „ Common stairs Tank Good „ Drawn Under house Yes „ „ Common „ „ privy. „ >, » » » Court Yes — — „ „ „ , Ragged Staff „ „ Carried — No — — Open sink „ „ „ Tank „ ? Drawn Court Yes Yes Ye» „ „ „ J „ North Front. Badly „ Carried -r- No „ „ „ „ „ The whole building is dangerous to live in. I Court Tank Good „ Drawn Room Yes „ „ „ „ „ Court and drain and privy in | .. a bad sanitary condition. Common stairs North Front „ ? Carried — ? — — Common » ? — ! ,-. privy. ! Court „ Badjy „ „ — No Yes Yes None ? » This room is not fit for any m « «i — - human person to live iv. APPENDIX. I 5G Table Xll.— Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population B. — Town of Fatal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. ¦ State State State in wh ether State " State State general whether which Floor theWaUSi whether, at Number of District (D.) whether whetner Sanitary ™3 ofth ° Ceilings, or the Date Stato , the Street the Condition Nuisances House the ploorsof O f Attack, State whether Date or Court Surface was ofgtreet were Patient was the House the Inmates No the Windows Number or was "Properly orCourt . com- attacked: were o f the Rooms Age>SeX - ° f DesignationofHouse(H.) " Drained - P"**" "Good," P lainedof 7T^\ " Clean '" * er ° " ° Penlnt ° Death. or"Un- or "In- , , beforethe "Mezzanine" merent> ,, . . 1 » 87 „16 „ D. 11, H. 42, Castle Ramp. - „ Bad „ » Ground Floor „ » 1 Court 81 F. 16 „ D. 25, H. 57, Road to Flat Bastion „ Indifferent „ „ .. Clean Not crowded 1 Both 69 „16 n D. 3, H. 52, Castle Ramp. „ „ „ „ » Not clean Crowded 2 Street I 64 „16 „ D.27,H.27,CavaUero'sYard Bad Bad >, » » » * °" te s a l{; a y d I 42 „16 „ D. 27, H. 5, Arengo's Yard - „ Indifferent » » » 2 Court 38 „ 16 „ D. 11, H. 42, Castle Street - „ Bad „ » » „ » 1 » 1 » M. 15 H D. 5, H. 6, Castle Ramp. „ „ „ — 2nd Floor Indifferent Not crowded 1 Street 1^ „15 „ D. 27, H. 13, Willis's Road „ „ „ — Ground Floor » Crowded 2 Court 17 F, 15 „ D. 27, H. 33, Cavallero's Yard - „ m — » Not clean „ 1 » 70 M. 15 „ D. 16, H. 9, Baker's Passage - „ „ „ Yes 2nd Floor „ >. 1 Common stairs 22 „15 „ D. 19, H. 15, Library Garden - „ „ Indifferent — .. Clean Not crowded 2 Outer air 21 F. 15 „ D. 25, H. 9, Arengo's Yard - „ „ Bad Yes Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 Garden 89 „ 15 „ D. 25, H. 6, Arengo's Yard • „ „ „ ? » » » 1 " j 26 „17 „ D. 24, H. 43, Prince Edward Road „ ludifferent Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Street 21 „ 17 „ D. 19, H. 9, Governor's Street ¦ „ „ „ Yes 3rd Floor „ » 2 Outer air lj „ 17 „ D.24.H. 15, Hd.Govrs. Parade- H Good — 2nd Floor » » 2 Court 28 M. 17 „ D. 14, H. 31, Fraser Ramp. - „ Bad Indifferent — Ground Floor „ Crowded None — 85 „ 17 „ D. 27, H. 20, Cavallero's Yard „ „ Bad — » Not clean „ 2 Court 38 „ 17 ? D. 17, H. 22, Church Street - ? Indifferent Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Street 83 „ 17 „ D. 3, H. 36, Engineer's Lane -?„„— » - ", ,? Court 70 „ 17 „ D. 3, H. 52, Castle Street - „ Bad Bad — .. Not clean Crowded 2 22 F. 17 h D. 26, H. 24, Willis's Road - „ „ „ Yes Ground Floor „ » 1 » 38 „17 D. 24, H. 30, H. G. Parade - „ Indifferent Indifferent — .. » Not crowded 2 Open air 22 M. 17 „ D. 27, H. 7, Willis's Road - » „ „ Yes 2nd Floor Indifferent .Crowded 1 . Court ! 10 „17 „ D. 26, H. 21, Gully Steps - „ Bad Bad „ Ground Floor Not clean ?1 ? ; 3i „ 17 „ D. 27, H. 3, Willis's Road - „ „ Indifferent — x Streot 6 F. 17 ? D. 27, H. 23, Cavallero's Yard - „ „ Bad Yes . » .. 1 Court 62 „ 17 ? » h - » h » » 2nd Floor » » 2 „ 29 „ 18 „ D. 27, H. 35, Willis's Road - „ Indifferent Court bad — „ .. 1 » i 28 „ 18 » D, 27, H. 3, Willis's Road ¦ n Bad Indifferent — Ground Floor „ „ 1 » 86 „18 „ D. 18, H. 4, Castle Road - „ Indifferent „ — 2nd Floor „ Not crowded 1 Street 37 M. 18 „ D. 5, H. 6, Castle Ramp. - „ Bad Bad — » Clean Crowded 1 » SO „18 „ D. 11, H. 42, Castle Street - „ „ „ Yes „ Not clean „ 1 Court 1J „18 „ D. 19, H. 7, Prince Edward Road v Indifferent Indifferent — 3rd Floor Clean „ 1 » 18 F. 18 „ D. 27, H. 23, Cavallere's Yard - „ Court bad Bad Yes Ist Floor Not clean „ 1 » 40 M. 18 „ D. 11, H. 30, Serruya Lane - „ Bad Indifferent „ 2nd Floor „ » 2 Both 17 F. 18 „ D. 18, H. 2, Fraser Ramp. - „ ,t, t Court bad „ „ » <• 2 Court | 41 „ 18 „ D.lB, H. .Prince Edward Ramp. „ Indifferent Indifferent — Ground Floor Clean Not crowded 1 » , 42 » 18 ? D. 25, H. 48, Bond to flat Bastion „ „ „ — « » » 2 Street , I APPENDIX. 57 o f Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. Gibraltar — continued. Water Supply. House Drainage. j Doors : Quality Any Smell Nature Whether j whether at the H, •¦ h » » » ». Outer air „ Badly [Insufficient „ Court » » » » » » » >» Court North Front „ ? Carried — No. „ ? None — — „ „ „ Ragged Staff „ „ ? - Yes. „ . Open sink Not Yes. Died'in Hospital." Common stairs North Front - . - . - drain and privy. Tank Good Sufflcient Drawn Under house „ — — Common „ „ " privy. Insufficient „ „ .. Yes. Yes. Open sink „ „ Strong smell arises from I " " " dram and privy. Court North Front Badly „ Carried — Common stairs Ragged Staff Good „ . - No. „ ? Buildin » isdangerou^ toliveini Tank Sufflcient Drawn Court Yes. — — Common „ „ " " privy. Under stairs Ragged Staff „ Insufficient Carried — No. Yes. Yes. Open sink „ „ „ „ Badly „ ? - Yes. „.»„.. Common stairs Tank Good „ Drawn Under court - C privy? n " " „ Insufficient » Under house n Yee. Yes. » „ » — „ „ » » Under court » — — » » No. •— • Court ? Badly » ..No. - - Open sink „ North Front „ » Carried — Yes. Yes. Yes. „ „ * — Common stairs Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under house — - C privy° n " North Front „ .. Carried — »——..»•. ~~ Street Tank Badly Insufficient Drawn Under court „ Yes. Yes. Open sink „ „ Court North Front „ >> Carried — No. „ — » >. Tank Good » Drawn Under house Yes. i Yes. ? „ .. 7~" j Common stairs „ Badly „ „ Alongside^of . . - Common „ ? — J Court North Front „ „ Carried - . „ Yes. Open sink „ „ The^court is in a filthy Tank Indiff. » >. Under house . » » Common „ „ — • " privy. Ragged Staff Badly - - Open sink „ — Common stairs „ >»»>»"" •' • ¦ " " " Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under court „ „ » » »» » ~ Court v Indiff. Insufficient „ Under house „ H » Common „ » Common stairs North Front Badly » Carried - No. „ . Open sink „ - Tank Good ? Drawn Under house Yes. „ — Common „ » * privy. North Front ? >. — — » » TeBt " " " Outer air Tank „ ». Drawn Under house .. .. — » » terrace. Court Ragged Staff Badly ? Carried - » m Yes. Open sink „ ? 1.. ... , w n „ Yes. This house is not safe to Common stairs North Front „ » ». — ""' * - - " ij ye in, and also very dirty, &c. &c. J Tank Good „ Drawn Under court Yes. » Cogrtta bad sanitary con- Court » .. Sufficient „ ? ? - - C °rivy° n " "~ I Outer air » None Insufficient ? House and „ Yes. Yei. Open sink » • " -- JttPFENDDt, I Table Xll.^StSti&tical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population I Fatal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. gtate Sta t e state in whether State " — State ' State general whether which Floor the Wails,a ils, whether, at Number of District (D.) > whether whether Sanitary *"? ofthe Ceilings, or the Date Stat « 4 the Street the Condition Nuisances House the p loorsof of Attack, State whether Date or Court Surface was ofStreet were Patient was the HouBe the Inmates Va «.-™ n ., were in open into Ueath. or"Vn- or " In " "In- ator "Ground Floor," , . ffi „ beforethe ..Mezzanine," I .. &c . Boom - Court ' Attack. "2nd Floor," &c. c i ean » or "both." I . — — — i — — — — — — — 17 F 18 September D. 25, H. 51, Road to Flat Bastion Drained Indifferent Indifferent — Ground Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Street 70 „ 19 „ D. 27, H. 1, Willis's Road •- „ Bad „ — 2nd Floor „ „ 2 Both 21 M. 19 „ D. 27, H. 23, Cavallero's Yard • „ < „ Bad Yes Ist Floor Not clean Crowded 1 Court 70 F. 19 „ D. 27, H. 26, Cavallero's Yard „ „ „ „ Ground Floor „ „ 1 „ 23 ?19 „ D. 19, H. 6, Prince Edward Road „ Indifferent Indifferent — „ ? „ 2 „ 40 ?19 ¦ D. 24, H. 3, Road to Flat Bastion „ » ? — 2nd Floor „ Not crowded 2 Open air .... 3 „ 19 „ D. 22, H. 12, South Port - - „ » — — » » Crowded 3 Street 5i M. 19 „ D. 25, H. 10, Levy's Building - Not drained Bad Bad Yes Ground Floor ? „ 1 Court 13 019 „ D.19, H: 7, Prince Edward Road Drained Indifferent Indifferent „ Terrace Clean Not crowded 1 „ 60 ?19 „ D. 26, H. 25, Willis's Road . „ „ „ „ Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 » 41 F. 19 ¦ „ D. 21, H. 7, George's Lane - „ ? » ? » » .. 2 „ 2f „ 19 D. 9, H. 12, Market Lane >, .. Court bad „ 3rd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Outer air 83 „ 19 ' „ D. 19, H. 15, Library Garden - „ .. Indifferent — 2nd Floor ? „ 2 Court 60 „ 19 D. 26, H. 27, Willis's Road - „ Bad Court bad Yes Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 2 Court and " open air. 2M. 19 „ D. 14, H. 2, Roggers Ramp. ¦ \» . Indifferent „ „ „ .. ? 1 Court 48 F. 20 „ D. 25, H. 10, Levy's Building - Not drained Bad Bad „ „ .. » 1 » 22 „ 20 „ D. 24,H.41,Princ«EdwardRoad Drained Indifferent Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 „ 5 „ 20 D. 27, H. 4, Willis's Road - ? » ? — Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 Street 50 „ 20 „ D. 11, H. 24, Serruya's Lane - „ Badly „ — „ „ Not crowded 2 Court 20 „ 21 „ D. 12, H. 3, Cornwall's Lane - ' » Indifferent Good — 2nd Floor Clean Crowded 4 Street 60 M. 21 „ „ „ - „ ' ? „ — .. » .. 4 n 42 F. 21 „ D. 19, H. 7, Prince Edward Road ' „ „ Indifferent Yes Ground Floor Not clean „ l Court 16 y 21 „ D. 21, H. 21, Church Street - ; „ „ „ »> 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Street 44 F. 21 „ D. 6, H. 11, Castle Ramp. - „ " „ „ — Ground Floor „ „ 1 Court 23 M. 21 „ D. H. 25, Willis's Road ¦ i „_. ! ... „ — Ist Floor „ „ 1 Outer air 60 F. 21 „ D. 21, H. 11, Town Range ¦ „ : » „ Yes 2nd Floor, Not clean Crowded 1 Yard 34 M. 21 „ D. 27, H. 24, Cavallero's Yard - Court Court Court bad „ Ground Floor Clean „ 1 Court drained very bad. B2 „ 21 „ D. 2, H. 8, Road to the Lines - Drained Indifferent Indifferent — 3rd Floor „ „ 1 Outer air 1A 17 D. 26, H. 32, Castle Road, - i „ Court „ — Ground Floor Not clean „ 2 Court I " • vArybad. 72 F. 22 „ D. 21, H; 21, Churoh Street - | „ l - Indifferent „ Yes 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Street 68 ?22 „ D. 3, H. 60, Castle Street - „ " Street and Court bad „ „ .. „ 3 » court bad. 87 M. 22 „ D. 26, H. 12, Baker Passage - :Court Very bad Indifferent „ « >. 2 Outer air • " unjdrained 61 ? 22 „ D. 19, H. 5, Prince Edward Road Drained Indifferent '„ — Ground Floor „ „ 1 Court 16 „ 22 „ D. 11, H. 39, Castle Street - „"• Bad' '„ Yes 2nd Floor „ Crowded 1 Outer air 40 ?22 „ D. 8, H. 82, Castle Street • : ? „' '.. .. » Not clean „ 1 Court 8 ?22 „ D. 26, H. 17, Gully Steps - „ „ » .. Ground Floor Clean „ 1 » 48 F. 22 „ D. 26, H. 25, Willis's Road - .. _ Indifferent ? .. » Not clean „ 1 ? 89 „ 23 „ D. 21, H. 11, Town Range - „ „ „ „ „ „ » 1 » 14 ?23 „ D. 27, H. 12, Willis's Road ' - , „ " Bad , ' „ „ ? .. » 1 » 45 ?23 „ D. i 25, Hi 6, AtengtTs Ya^d ». ;„ " „¦ Court bad ? „ Verydirty „ 1 ? BM. 28 „ D.^H.9,PrinceEdwardßoad Injiifferent Werent - I .. .. ? 1 28 F. 28~ D. j}, H:l7, LJnoMi ßaijip: ; "-- „•"•¦ j ,, ;>i "„ — . U » , >or ,, Open "to M^ at ? "Muddy," "In- "Carried," "House," close to any Drain Sink," or "By Time of « T . utnfl "Drawn "Undpr "Yes," theHouso opened >>ns,rr>™nn Hand," A t( . a/ . t . ((n . rA . r ,, Ta " tcd sufficient." from Under attacked : within the COllllllOllC 0111111011 "Not Attack. i mi .(. i air. badly," Pipe," &c. " Court," &c. or " No." " Yes," Room Privy," supplied." " Yes," &c. or "No." or House & & or "No." anecteu. Outer air Tank None Insufficient Drawn Houso and Yes Yes Yes Open sink Not Yes court. supplied. Common stairs „ Good Sufficient ? Under house „ — — „ „ No Court Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried „ Yes Yes „ „ Yes Street North Front „ „ » — No „ „ No privy „ „ Common stairs „ „ ? » — » » » >. .. » „ Ragged Staff „ » ¦. — Yes „ „ Open sink „ „ Terrace Tank Good „ Drawn Under house Yes „ ' Open sink „ „ The house is under the and com- street, and all rooms are « mon' privy, damp. Court Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried — „ „ „ Common „ „ Court in a very bad sanitary privy. condition. „ » » — » ? » H n » The court in a bad sanitary " condition, and a very bad ¦ smell arises from drains. Common stairs Tank Good Sufficient „ Under court „ — — . „ .... < ii » Drawn „ „ — — I , „ „ Court Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried — „ Yes Yes Open sink „ „ Court in a filthy state, and ; •• l: ' the r6om unfit for any; human use. Common stairs Tank Good „ Drawn Court Yes „ „ „ „ „ Outer air Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried — „ „ „ „ „ „ Court Tank Good „ Drawn Under "house „ „ „ "„ „ „ Common stairs North Front „ .. Carried — „ — — Common „ No privy. Court Tank „ .. Drawn Under house „ Yes Yes Open sink „ Yes Common stairs Ragged Staff — — — "" » •> » .. » >. — _ — — _ _ '_ : ' ' — ¦ — Ragged Staff Badly Insuffioient Carried — Yes Yes Yes Common „ Yes privy. „ „ » » — » 11 n Open sink „ „ — • Common stairs Tank Good „ „ Court — — Common „ „ privy. Court Ragged Staff Badly „ - „ - - „ By pipe No Common stairs ? Good „ » — „ Yes Yes Open sink Not Yes supplied. Water supplied from H. 62. „ „ „ Common „ „ Court in a filthy state. | " privy. i Court North Front Badly Insufficient Carried — No „ „ Open sink „ ? The court is in bad sanitary " ' ¦ condition. ¦ Tank Good „ Drawn Under court Yes — — Common ' „ „ " privy- Common stairs North Front Badly „ Carried — „ Yes Yes Open sink „ „ Outer air Tank Not good Sufficient Drawn Under court „ „ „ „ „ » Court » Good Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Ragged Staff Badly » Carried — „ „ „ Common „ » >\" privy. jb « „ This yard is in a bad sani" f i " " tary condition, and also very dirty. Tank Good „ Drawn — „ „ „ „ „ „ Court in bad sanitary con" dition. Ragged Staff Badly „ Carried — No — ¦ ' — Open sink „ ? The room w^very^dirly, and Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under Court „ — ' — » " " Yes -- pommon „ ? • • — I " \ " " ? •¦.¦ ; M ; •: I 'W - a •• I APPENDIX. I 60 Table XII. — Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population B.—Tovm of I Fatal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. State State Btatein whether State i State State general whether which Floor theWalls> whet her, at j Number of District (D.) whether whetner Sanitary an y ofthe Ceilings, or the Date st *te __ d the Street the Condition Nuisances House the Floors of of Attack, State whether , Date ! or Court Surfac«was ofStreet were Patient was theHouso the inmates No. tlin w . . . . Number or was "Properly orCourt! com- attacked: wero ofthoßooms the Windows Designation of House (H.) "Drained" P aved '" « Good » Pained of " Basement," .. Clean> » were ' openinto I DCath> .wtf. m or " Un - ° r " In " " In " at ° r " Ground Floo r'" "In- "Crowded," affected a "Street," I where attacked. differont ;. dlfferent> , before the "Mezzanine," differcnt> .. < » &c . court > j Attack. " 2nd Floor,"&c. dem," or "both." 1865. J3O F. 23 September D. 26, H. 25, Willis's Road - Drained Indifferent Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean Crowded 1 Outer air 61 M. 23 „ D. 27, H. 13, Willis's Road - „ Badly „ — Ground Floor „ „ 2 Street 8 F. 23 „ D.27.H. 36, Willis's Road - „ Indifferent „ Yes 2nd Floor „ „ 1 „ 4 ?23 „ „ „ ¦ „ „ „ „ Ground Floor „ „ 1 Stable-yard I 9 M, 23 „ D. 26, H. 30, Paradise Ramp. - „ Badly „ 2nd Floor „ Not crowded 2 Court 4 ?23 „ D. 27, H. 35, Willis's Road - „ Indifferent „ Ground Floor „ Crowded 1 „ 140 ?23 „ D. 3, H. 51, Castle Ramp. - „ Badly „ „ Not clean „ 1 Street 7 F. 24 „ D.27.H. 35, Willis's Road . „ Indifferent „ „ „ Clean „ 1 Court IBM. 24 „ D. 7, H. t>., Waterport Street . „ Court bad „ „ Not clean „ None „ 184 M. 24 „ D. 2, H. 13, Road to the Lines • » „ Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Street 152 F. 24 „ D. 21, H. 21, Church Street . „ „ Yes » „ „ 2 „ J 6 M. 24 „ D. 25, H. 26, Willis's Road - „ „ „ — ?2 „ JB7 ?24 M D. 27, H. 7, Willis's Road - — „ ? Crowded 3 „ 163 ?24 „ D. 4, H. 12, Irish Town „ „ „ — » » Not crowded „ J63 ?24 „ D. 25, H. 24, Lime-kiln Gully „ H H — Ground Floor „ „ 1 ]61 F. 24 H D. 14, H. 3, Rogger'a Ramp. „ a Court bad — „ Not clean Crowded 1 Court j2B ?24 „ D. 27, H. 33, Cavallero's Yard, „ Court bad „ Yes 2nd Floor „ „ 2 „ Willis's Road. 14 M. 24 „ D. 27, H. 35, Willis's Road - H Indifferent Indifferent ? Ground Floor „ „ 1 „ li F. 25 „ D. 26, H. 24, Willis's Road - „ „ „ — „ Clean „ 1 7 ?25 „ D. 11, H. 23, Seruya Lane - „ Bad „ — „ „ Not crowded 1 Street 3 ?25 „ D. 3, H. 17, Lynch's Ramp. „ B „ — 2nd Floor „ Crowded 2 Court 124 ?25 „ D.25, H. 45, Road to Flat Bastion „ „ „ — „ „ Not crowded 2 „ 66 M. 25 „ D. 8, H. 16, Lynch's Ramp. - — „ „ „ 1 „ 5 F. 26 „ D. 21, H. 7, George's Lane J • „ Indifferent „ Yes „ ? Crowded 4 „ 180 ?26 „ D. 22, H. 12, Southport Street „ „ „ „ „ Not clean „ 3 Street 121 M. 26 „ D. 24, H.I, Prince Edward's Rd. „ „ „ — 3rd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Both 133 F. 26 „ D. 26, H. 25, Willis's Road - „ „ „ — Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 Court 156 M. 26 „ D. 27, H. 23, Cavallero's Yard' - „ Court bad „ Yes » „ „ 1 „ 60 F. 24 „ D. 25, H. 44, Road to Flat Bastion „ „ „ — „ „ „ 1 „ jSM. 26 „ D. 27, H. 35, Willis's Road - „ Indifferent „ Yes » Clean Not crowded 1 „ 1A P. W „ ' „ „ - „ „ „ „ „ Crowded 1 „ I£6 ?27 „ D. 7, H. 5, Waterport Street „ „ ? » » Not clean „ None None 126 M. 28 „ D. 9, H. 8, Waterport Street „ „ „ , 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Common stairs 124 M. 28 „ D. 25, H. 10, Levy's Building - Undrained Very bad Indifferent „ Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 Court 28 F. 23 „ D.3.H. 36, Engineer's Lane - Drained Indifferent Court bad „ 2nd Floor Crowded Crowded 1 „ I9M. 28 „ D. 3, H. 52, Castle Ramp. - „ Bad „ — Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 Street 126 F. 28 „ D. 5, H. 27, Lower Castle Road - „ Indifferent „ — 2nd Floor Clean „ 2 Outer Air 56 F. 28 „ D. 22, H. 11, Southport Street „ „ „ — Ground Floor „ Not crowded 1 Court j c 51. 28 „ D. 25, H. 41, Road to the Devil's „ Bad „ — 2nd Floor „ „ 2 Street I Gap. 32 ?28 n D. 27, H. 33, Cavalloro's Yard - w s Court bad Yet » Not clean Crowded 2 „ 3* F. 30 . „ „ . „ Ground Floor „ „ 1 Court I APPENDIX. 61 o f Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. Gibraltar — continued. Water Supply. House Drainage. i Doors:. Quality AnvSmell Nature Whether whether at the How Situation Whether ™^ an £%Uey <>' p How Nuisance opening into a ' lHmeof Q""* 1 * 8 "DrawS' ° f any <%* "^ Privy gjjjj or Smell Attack: ,. gllffi torn Water Tank; " «. J*%. Aecommo- with arose ••Common Whence .. Good> ,, Suffi - Tank^or "Under Houso the Street Patent was dation: W «£er: from Remabks. Stair," or into derived. "Clear," «ent," or •• Well,"^ Room," or Drains: g"^ **$£&, "Open Pipe" Privy at .. "Muddy," "In- «£^wn "House," ..yes" °l ,, Room p^,, suppUed. ,, YeB ,, te Or " No «SSK 4CAC. or"No.» Common stairs North Front Badly Insufflciont Carried — Yes — — Common Not Yes privy. supplied. Court Tank Good „ Drawn Under house » Yes Yes Open sink „ „ — Common stairs „ ? » » Court „ „ » „ „ „ Court „ n Sufficient » » » » » .. » ¦> Common stairs „ Badly Insufficient , » » » » Common „ „ privy. Court „ Good Sufficient » •> » » »• Open sink „ „ Outer air „ » Insufficient » » » » « » » » — — Court „ i, Sufficient » » » » •> »» » » -— North Front Badly Insufficient Carried - The room is without any window, very dark, damp, and unfit for human use. The house is in a filthy state, and dangerous. Common stairs „ » » — No - — C £ m vy° n " „ Ragged Staff „ » » - Yes Yes Yes Open sink „ „ „ » » •• •» >» " " '• » Tank .. » Drawn Terrace „ „ •> » » „ — ¦ " and house room. „ Good Sufficient » Under house „ — — Open sink „ B " " in the yard, and common privy. Court „ » Insufficient » ? » Yes Yes Open sink „ „ VnrtVi PrnTit .. „ Carried — „ — — ? » „ Died in hospital. This I „ North iront » » ,f angerous to live in. Badly „ » — » Yes Yes „ „ I ft II v t v T an t Good Sufficient Drawn Under Court „ H » H „ ? North Front Badly Insufficient Carried — No — — „ >, „ — Tank Good ? Drawn Under house Yes — — * ? „ [ Common stairs „ Not clear „ „ „ .. Yes Yes The water closet only. i Good „ - » .. - — Common „ „ • " " privy. Court — _. — — — — _— —__ _— . j Common stairs Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried - Yes Yes Yes Open sink Yes Tank Good [Sufficient Drawn Under house „ ¦> „ » » ? Court „ » » •• Under court „ — — ? » „ Ragged Staff » Insufficient Carried — „ Yes Yes „ „ „ Died in hospital. Tank .. >• Drawn Under house „ •> » » » » » „ Sufficient „ Under court » » » ¦> » » — •» « »» t „ North Front Badly Insufficient Carried — , .. » .» » >. Common stairs » Good » » ~~ » » » - »» » Court Ragged Staff „ » » — No » >. » » „ Common stairs North Front » •• » " Yes " " " " " ~~~ Street Tank Badly Sufficient Drawn Under court , » » » >, „ Good » » Under court » — — Common „ „ — — » „ «uuu privy. Court » ff Insufficient „ „ » Yes Yes „ „ — Common stairs » » » » „ No — — » » » — — . Court BaggedStoff Badly • Carried - Yes Yes Yes Opens** H - • * » * "* ••» » f • » • — 1 APPENDIX. I 62 Table Xll.'— Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population B.— Town of Fatal Cases of Choler^" State Windows. 1 j State State State in whether State " State State general whether which Floor theWal i s> whether, at NumberofDistrict(D.) whether whether Sanitary "^ ° fth ° Ceilings, or the Date S^ the Street the Condition Nuisances House * he Floors of of Attack, Stete whether Date "* or Court Surface was ofgtmjt were M the House the Inmates No. the Windows Number or TO "Properly orCourt . com- attacked: were o f the Rooms ln Ago- Sex. of ' ,„. ..tw™>*» paved," <• » ' » 4„ 30 „ -D. 17, Hi 29, George's Lane - » Indifferent ? — » » » ' » 42 „ 1 October- D. 5, H. 4, Castle Ramp » Bad » - » G 1 *** » " » 23 M. 2 „ -D.2, H. 10, Road to the Lines - „ Indifferent „ - 2nd Floor „ „ 1 Outer air 30 F. 2„¦ D. 16, H. 7, Baker's Passage - „ ] Bad „ - Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 Street 64 „ 2 „ -D. 25, H. 41, Road to Devil's Gap .. .. •» - 2nd Floor Clean „ 2 43 n 3 „ -D. 18, H. 24, Governor's Street- „ Indifferent „ - .. » Not crowded 1 Outer air 23 M. 3.,, -D. 24, H. 42, Prince Edward's Ed. .'.... „.. " ~. Ground Floor „ Crowded 1 Court 49 „ 3 „ - D.S.H.S.WaterportStree* - ¦ . » » ~ 3rd Floor ¦ Notcxowded 1 Commonstairs 16 F. 3 „ -D. 15, H.-2, King's Street - » ? » 2nd Floor „ „ 2 Street 6M. 3 „ - D.2,H.23,BoadtotheLines-- .. „ ~ Terrace " ¦ * Terrace 6 „ 4 „ . D.4,H.23,Turnbull'sLane - * Court very .. Yes Ground Floor , Crowded 1 Court i bad. " 60 „ 2 „ ¦ D.2S,H.4,ArengoTard • » Indifferent .. » » » » 1 » 67 F. 4 „ -D. 13, H. 29, City Mill Lane - .. » ¦ " " » ] » 65 „ 4 „ -D. 13, H. : 9,Wateport Street '- „ „ » - 2nd Floor '„ Not crowded 2 Both 74 „ S „ -D. 19, H. 15, Library Garden ¦ n » •• ~ . ». " '• " Court oq r niTTH>oi,ii«.i,Rt««t - — 4th Floor » „ 3 One small 28 )> 5 i) - D. 17, H. 2, Unurcn street . window to the outer • - - • — - ' ¦ . air, two into another room. 42 „ 5 „ -D. 25, H. 47, Eoad to Flat Bastion „ „ .» ~ SndFloor ? „ 2 Court 62 M. 6 ? - D.3,H.3l,CarrerasTard - • , » 3 rdPloor Notclean " X ! ° Uterair 87 „ 6 „ - D.14,H.3,8dgger 9 Kamp - ? " ' »~ Courtbad. Yes Ground Floor .. „ Crowded 1 ; C«urt 4„ 6 „ -D. 3, H.-61, Castle Eamp - .. " Bad Indifferent - 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 Street 36 F. 6 „ -D. 26, H. 5, Baker Passage ¦ ? ? » " » Notcleaa Crowded X Court 1| „ 6 „ -D. 26, H. 24, Willis's Koad - » Indifferent Court bad. - Ground Floor ? . ? 1 „ 62 M. 6 „ -D.2, H. 10, Road to the Lines - ? .. Indifferent - 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Outer air 63 „ 7 „ -D. 13, H. 17, Church Street - » ? •» ~ » " ?2 Both 38 „7„ - D. 10, H. 11, College Lane - „ ? » ~ «rd Floor ? J 2 Street 60 F. 7 „ -D.2, H. 23, Road to the Lines - » ;., » ~ . Bnd Floor , „ ? 1 45 M. 7 „ -D. 24, H. 42, Prince Edward'sßd. . „« * "= Ground Floor Notclean Crowded 1 Court 60 „ 7 , -D. 17, H. 3, Gunner's Lane '¦ „ ?'. » ~. 2nd Floor Clean Not crowded 1 Outer air 60 „ 7 .D. 27, H. 8, "Willis's Road - „ » « - Ground Floor Notclean Crowded 1 Court 9„ 8 „ ¦ D.27,H.23,CavalleroTard - „ ?* Court bad. Yes 2nd Floor „ „ 1 m j 72 F. 8„¦ D. 24, Ha, Prince Edward'sßd. „ » ' » — : Ground Floor »,¦ ¦ „. iI \ » j 24 „ 5 „ - D. 37, H. 19, Willis^ Road - » j Bad" » ~* '» "»• \ "\ " 68 „B•. . D. H H. 18, CJoveftort Street- ' „ InOifferent Indifferent ~ MKoor i j Not crowded 2 j Outertir J I AWBNCtX. 03 ¦ o f Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865—- continued. I Gibraltar — continued. I • Water Supply. . House Drainage. Q uali *y Any Smell Nature Wiether whether at the How Situation "Whether W^th 61 " F2. m tl of Niisance m- ,- Ouantitv obtained- - any open such Gulley «„,„. ll s<»"i-« opening into a Tuneof uantlty ' O JgS~- of <&j& or sink y Privy pr H H ° w is or Smell „_ „„ Attack: "Sum- from Water Tank: « »?**??„ Accommo- supplied aroso COmm ° n Whence "Good," ci ent,"or "™<* House t f e ttSet pS wa« dation: w ?&. from B«AH«. Stair,"orinto "Clear," Wel^,, *oom," or Drains: ***•*, "Open "By/ Privyat the Muddy," ln .Vg™ "House," ,, yes> , close to any Drain Sink," or *9*> Time of , "Tasted sufficient." from "Under Itt^rf 6 "Common Hand," Attack: "a*-** badly," Pipe." *o. Court ,, &c . or-Ho.--««toi,wAmtt» "™, "Ye," * ° r " N °" «£g *°-*°- ' ""No." Common stairs Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried — Yes Yes Open sink Not Yes Court in a filthy state. supplied. » T* 1 * Good „ Drawn Under court „ — — Common „ No privy. Court North Front „ „ Carried — „ — — Yes — ¦ » Ta n k ¦• Sufficient Drawn Under house „ Yes Yes Open sink „ „ Common stairs North Front „ Insufficient Carried — „ „ „ Common „ „ ¦ privy. Court » » » » — „ „ „ „ „ „ This room is close to the privy, and is very damp and a smell arises very disagreeable. Common stairs Tank „ „ Drawn Under court No — — „ „ „ » » ii Sufficient „ Under house Yea — — „ „ „ Court Ragged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried ~ „ _ _ Open sink . and 3 doors. Common stairs North Front „ , „ „ — m _, _ Common „ „ A privy is inside the kitchen. privy. » Tank Good „ Drawn — '„ Yes Yes „ „ „ — Terrace „ „ „ , „ Under house „ „ „ Open sink „ „ — Court n „ Sufficient „ Underkitchen '„ „ „ Common „ „ Privy in a filthy state, and privy. a smell arises from a sink that is at the street door. „ North Front „ Insufficient Carried — „ n n Open sink „ „ Died in Hospital. „ Tank „ „ Drawn Under house „ — — Common „ „ privy. Common stairs North Front „ „ Carried — n _l _ ' „ No „ Tank „ Sufficient Drawn Library yard „ — — „ „ „ — - Boom „ „ Insufficient » Under house „ Yes Yes » „ Yes Common stairs — — — — — „ _ _ „ „ No » Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Court „ Yes Yes Open sink „ Yes } Court North Front „ Insufficient Carried — No „ „ , ¦ „ „ „ This house is in a filthy state and dangerous to live in. Common stairs Tank „ „ Drawn Under court Yes „ „ „ „ » i and room. -» » » » » Court » » it » •> » Court „ „ „ „ Under house No — — ? „ » I Common stairs North Front „ „ Carried — Yes Yes Yes Common „ ? privy. » Com 1 Square „ „ „ _ n __ _ M n „ » Tank „ Sufficient Drawn Under house „ Yes Yes ? „ » Common stairs „ „ Insufficient » „ „ „ „ Open sink „ » Court Eagged Staff Badly „ Carried „ n — _ „ „ ? Common stairs „ „ » » — „ — — Common „ » "~~" privy. Court „ „ „ M — „ Yes Yes Open sink „ » ~ J ~ v Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under house '„ — — „ „ » Tank is under this room. ; j „ Bagged Staff Badly Insufficient Carried — No Yes Yes „ » » ~~~~ j In .._'.«. _ i »t Common stairs Tank Good „ Drawn Under court Yes — j — Common „ No • | I I iprivy. I I T 2 6i Table XH,"— Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population B. — Town of I Fatal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. State state State in whether State " State Stato general wheth er which Floor theWa n Sf whether, at Number of District (D.) whether whether Sanitary an y ofth ° Ceilings, or the Date State the Street the Condition Nuisances House the Fioorsof of Attack, State whether Date or Court Surface was ofgtreet were Patient was the House the Inmates No . the Windows Number or wag "Properly orCourt . com- attacked: were o f the Rooms AB6 - SeX - ° f Designation of House (H.) "Drained" -Good,"' Pained of "Basement,.' , > , before the "Mezzanine," « Not ..^^ or "Bad." or « Bw j» Time of "Ist Floor, O r"Not crowded," &c. Attack. "2nd Floor," &c. clean » or "both." Y 4i' F. 8 October- D. 22, H. 8, Victualling Yd. Lane Drained Indifferent Court bad Yes Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 Court 42 M. 8 „ -D.4, H. 25, Bedlam Court - „ „ Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean „ 2 ? 2 F. 7 „ - D. 22, H. 8, Victualling Yd. Lane „ „ Court bad Yes Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 » 86 „ 9 „ D. 6, H, 19, Bell Lane „ n Indifferent — 2nd Floor Clean „ 1 » 20 „10 „ -D. 9, Baths, Irish Town „ » „ — Ground Floor .. Not crowded 2 „ 19 io „ -D. 14, H. 29 - - - „ Court Court bad — 2nd Floor » » * « very bad. 63 M. 11 „ -D. 13, H. 36, City Mill Lane - „ Indifferent Indifferent — „ .. .. 2 Outer air 64 F. 11 „ - D. 19, H. 15, Library Garden ¦ „ — ? » » 2 Court 63 „ 12 „ D. 2, H. 12, Boad to the Lines - „ Court bad „ Yes „ » » 2 Botn 30 „ 12 D. 16, H. 17, Bomb House Lane ¦ Indifferent » — » » Crowded 2 „ 28 M. 12 „ - D. 17, H. 2, Church, Lane - „ — » •• » 2 Outer air 60 F. 12 „ - D.2s,H.4,ArengoYard ¦ „ H Yes Ground Floor » „ 1 Street 60 „ 13 „ - D. 21, H. 22, Church Street - „ „ » — 3rd Floor » » 2 Both 71 „14 „ -D.6,H. 3, Castle Bamp - „ Bad „ — Ground Floor » » 1 Street 7 „ 14 „ • D. 24, H. 44, Prince Edward's Rd. „ Court bad „ — ? Not clean „ 1 Court 6 „ 16 „ • D. 22, H. 12, Southport Street - „ — 2nd Floor 3 Street 3 M. 16 „ - „ ¦ » ~ » •• •• 3 • 64 F. 15 „ -D.9, H. 12, Market Lane - ¦ Indifferent „ — 3rd Floor ? Not crowded 1 „ 23 „16 „ -D.2, H. 12, Boad to the Lines - „ Court bad „ Yes tod Floor Clean „ 3 Both 16i M. 15 „ -D. 24, H. 3, Boad to Flat Bastion „ Indifferent - » Crowded 2 Street 36 „ 15 „ - D. 15, H. 17, Bomb House Lane „ „ » — » » » 2 Both 21 F. 16 „ • D. 6, H. 14, Waterport Street » — » •• ?2 Court 31 M. 17 „ -D.3, H. 24, Turnabout Lane "- „ Yes „ „ Not crowded 1 Street 30 „ 16 „ - D. 10, H. 11, College Lane » .. » — 3rd Floor » » 2 „ 68 ?17 „ -D. 14, H. 32, Fraser Bamp - „ Bad „ — Ground Floor Not clean Crowded 1 „ 40 F. 18 „ -D. 24, H. 44, Prince Edward's Bd. „ Indifferent » — » » » "*¦ -»» 60 ?18 „ -D. 17, H. 2, Church Lane - „ - 3rd Floor Clean Not crowded 2 155 M. 20 „ -D.9,H. 3, Commercial Square - „ Properly „ - Ground Floor Not clean „ 1 Court 165 F. 22 „ •D. 27, H. 5, Willis's Boad - „ .. Indifferent „ — » » » 1 » 126 M. 24 „ -D. 26, H. 24, WiUis's Boad - „ „ » — 2nd Floor Clean „ 2 „ C— South \\ Y 4k' M. 6 September D. 3, H. 23, New Mole Parade - Court Bad Court bad None Ground Floor Not clean Crowded One Into street undrained. 27 F. 6 „ D. 3, H. 23, New Mole Parade - Court „ » » Ist Floor „ Not crowded „ » I drained. 3S 8 ? D. 8, H. 13, Cumberland Boad - Court „ „ "The „ „ Crowded „ Into court 1 ¦ undrained. privy." I APPENDIX. 65 of Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemio of 186&~cottiinued. Gibraltar — continued. Water Supply. House Drainage. Doors: Quality Any Smell Nature Whether . iv-_i „». «,_ Situation Whether from n # NnisanoA whether atthe How of Whether any open suchGulley of How """""f ,„„.¦*„„ Time of Quantity: obtained: or Gulley or Sink Privy Privy is or Smell opening into a Athu*. "Drawn Water Tank: any or atthe Accommo- su PPl ied arose ?r nmmnn Attack: ,, Suffl . fon v Binkin Time the Aocommo with *™ se Rbmabxs. "Common Whence "Good," Tank," or Under House the Street Patient was dation: Water; from aasauuuu,. ...„.,;„(.„ «n on r'> cient,"or "Prom Room," or or attacked: «Onen y ., Priwat Stair, or into der i V ed. Clear> WeU." "House" Drains: Court or whether Upen Pipe," IT , ... "Muddy," "In- "Carried," *«> u se. close to any Drain Sink," or "By Time of «Tftst«l "Drawn "Under "Yes," the House opened "Common ./Si Attack: ..mfm-Air" Tasted sufficient." from Court "Ao' attacked: within the r™™" 11 "Not „* „ "Outer Air. badly," Pipe," Ac. (/OUrt ' *°" or "No." "Yes," Eoom Privy," supplied." "Yes," Ac. or " No -" 0^ H e^ d « Ac. Ac. or "No." Court Ragged Staff Good Insufficient Carried — Yes Yes Yes Open sink Not Yes supplied. Common stairs North Front „ „ „ — >, — — Common „ No — — privy. Court Ragged Staff „ „ „ — » Yes Yes Open sink „ Yes Common stairs Tank „ „ Drawn Under court »¦*-•"¦ Common „ No — — • privy. Court » „ Suffioieut „ — „ — — v » » Common stairs North Front Badly Insufficient Carried — » — — Open sink » Yes — M Ragged Staff „ „ — » — "* Common >, ,• "~~ privy. „ Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under yard „ — — » » No — - Court » „ Insufficient „ Under house „ Yes Yes Open sink „ Yes Common stairs North Front „ » Carried — „ — — » » » " Tank „ „ Drawn Under house „ Yes Yes „ „ » This house is in bad sanitary " condition. Court Ragged Staff Badly ? Carried — „ „ . » » » * mm Common stairs Tank Good Sufficient Drawn Under court » — "* Common „ » — — privy. Court » » Insufficient „ „ „ Yes Yes „ » » "~" „ „ M Sufficient » „ ¦ a » •• •» » mmm Common stairs Ragged Staff „ Insufficient Carried — „ „ „ Open sink M „ ? » » » » ~~ n n — — •» " „ Tank „ „ Drawn Court „ — — »• » •• ~~~ Court » » » » Under house » Yes Yes » » •• ~~" Commpn stairs North Front Bad „ Carried — No — — None — — •"" Ragged Staff Good „ „ — Yes — — Open sink Not Yes supplied. „ Tank „ Sufficient Drawn Under court » — — Common „ » privy. „ Insufficient n ? „ Yes Yes Open sink . . About M^erson^ og sanitary condition. „ „ „ Sufficient „ Under house » » » Common M •• privy. ! Street Ragged Staff „ Insufficient Carried — » — — » » » ~~ „ Tank „ „ Drawn Under court ? Yes Yes n » » Oommon stairs » » » » Under house » — — » » » ' I Court Commercial „ ? Carried — „ Yes — » * » Square Fountain. „ Tank „ „ Drawn Under house No — — Open sink » » Common stairs Ragged Staff „ „ Carried — Yes — — » t» » ~~ Districts. The whole of the " privies," I " sinks," and " drains," on I this property (" commonly called "Syders Yard >r ) Outer air From well Tasted Insufficient None No No None Open sink Yes |h^Vedr^^tlemen °— »-* ' S ft^^ln^ S^SerX mw bad sanitary state of this ! property. There are three I privies for the accommo- 1 dation of 160 persons. Outer air From tank Muddy „ Drawn Under house „ No None „ ? » wTattSked "10 , from tank wn persong B i ep t." "One privy for 62 persons." I The privy has very bad I I I ! drainage, and consequent- I | I I ly frequently gets choked APPEND JJt, I Table XII Statistical Return showing the Sanitary Condition of Dwellings of the Civil Population C— South I Patal Cases of Cholera. State Windows. . State State Stats in whether State " State State general wheth er which Floor the Walls, whether, at Number of District^.) whether " h ° ther Sanitary "* ° fth <> Ceilings,or the Date St^ the Street the Condition Nmsances House the Ploorsof o f Attack, State whether Date "* orCourt S ^ SeW eW , as ofStreet ™«> *TtZT thelnmateß No. the Windows ! Number or waB "Properly orCourt . com- attacked: were O f the Booms S Age.Sex. of DeBignationof House (H.) - Drained - I™*" ..g^» P^edof "Basemen^ , were in openinto Death. or"Un- wIn ' "In- ator "GroundPloor, . .. before the "Mezzanine," meaat .. « Not Room ,, Court>> or "Bad." orßad » Time of "Ist Floor, or « Not crowded," &c. Attack. "2nd Floor," &o. dean... or "both." 65 S " M 9 September D. 8, H. 23, New Mole Parade - Court Bad Court bad None Ground floor Not clean Not crowded One Into court undrained. 41 9 D.6,H.s,CentrePavil.Boad - Court „ „ . „ Ist Floor Clean „ „ Into street " „ drained' T 10 D.B,H.Bs,DaninO'sTard - Court ¦ „ „ Yes; Ground floor Not clean Crowded None None I •• » " • »• " " " " '" g, n D.8.H.8, Centre Pavil Boad - Court „ „ None Ist Floor Clean Not crowded „ Into street " " ? drained. 20 Ml 2 ¦ D. 6, H. A Naval Hospital Boad Court. Indifferent Indifferent „ „ „ .. Two Into both undrained. I ._ __ T , ? 13 D.8,H.18,-.Cumberlandßoad - Court Properly „ „ 2nd Floor „ „ One Into court lrt " " drained. paved. Good „ 43 F. 16 B D. 8, H. 14, Cumberland. Boad -?... » » » Into street 22 „ 21 „ D. 6, H. 10, Naval Hospital Boad ? Indifferent Bad „ » Indifferent „ „ Into court M 24 D. 8, Hi 23, New Mole Parade - Court' Bad „ Ashpit Ground floor Not clean Crowded „ „ "" " undrained. and sink. jo p 27 D. 4, H.B,Eoad to Windmill Btill Court Indifferent „ None 2nd floor „ Not crowded Two „ I ••• " . drained. 42 „ 80 -„ D. 8, H. 16, Cumberland Boad - „ - Properly Good w Groundfloor „ » One H A M 80 D. 1, H.. 1, South Sheds • • Court Bad Indifferent „ 2nd Floor Clean „ Two Into street » " undrained. is 1 October- D. IH. 9, Bosia Bamp • - Court Indifferent Bad Yes; Ground Floor Indifferent „ One Into court I .. drained. privy. 64 F 4 ? D. 8, H. 23, Now Mole Parade, - Court. Bad „ „ „ Not clean Crowded „ „ undrained. S3 M. 9 „ D.l.H.lS.Bodger'sßoad '- .. » » g J t e^ A 2ndKoor " | ojl is D. S, H. 2, Cumberland Lower Court Indifferent Indifferent No „ Clean Not crowded „ Into street " Boad. drained^ . _ , ,«, . , p, 13 D.I.H. 6, South Sheds • • Court Bad „ ? Ground Ploor (Not clean „ „ „ undrained. 0 M. W „ D. 1, H. 18, Badger's Boad • ? » Bad Goat yard 2nd Floor „ Crowded „ Into court 40 F. 14 September D. 1, H. 6, South Sheds ? » » No „ » » „ , » 44 M. 17 •> D. 6, H. 13, Naval Hospital Boad „ ? » » » Indifferent Not crowded Two Into street 30 „ Bl Octobers D. I, H. 18, Guistos Bow - • Court Indifferent Indifferent „ „ „ ? One [Into court I ¦ drainodt 0 F. 27 „ D. 6, H. 16, Naval Hospital Hill „ Properly Good „ Ground Floor Cloan „ „ Into street 65 „18 „ D. 6, H. 6, Centre Pavil Boad - „ P Bad* Indifferent „ „ Not clean „ , „ Into court n 4 „ Government Quarters, Naval „ „ ? .. 2nd Floor Clean „ Two Into street 71 w " Hospital Hill. I APPENJ&X, 07 I o f Gibraltar where Deaths from Cholera occurred during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. I flistfict. I Water Supply. House Drainage. I Doors: Qnality Any Smell Nature Whether I whether at the How Situation whether Sign suchGulley of How ™*™° ¦ »i»v inton Time of Quantity 1 : obtained: of Gulley or Sink Privy Privy is or Smell ¦ lopcmngmtoa «* * Water Tank; «* or atthe Accommo . suppW aroge I „,, „„,«„ Sum- from ' oink in Timetne _ WIUI Pwnira I "Common whence "Good," Tank," or "Under House the Street Patient was dation: Water: from kbmabks. I stair/'orinto derived . "Clear," cient,"or .. Open ;.By,, p^ ¦ th "Muddy," "In- "Carried," "House," close to any Drain Sink," or By Time of ¦ "Tnstfid "Drawn "Under " Yes> the House opened "Common ..™i Attack: ?n ^A ^» sufficient." from Unaer attacked : within the ommon "Not i „~™ , „ "Outer ait. badly," Pipe,"&o. Court," 4c. or "No." "Yes," Room Privy," supplied." "Yes," Ac . or"No." o^House &c . &c . or - No ,. Outer air From well Tasted Insufficient Drawn None No Open Yes; from Open sink Not Yes. Remarks have been stated badly from well ashpit ashpit supplied above "on this property," D. 3. H. 23. ( Commonly called Syders Yard ") n „ „ „ Carried „ „ Open sink Yes ; from „ „ » None. fromwell Slnk The whole of the sinks, drains, and privies on this property (' r commonly called Dannios Yard "J, are in a very bad sanitary state, and like "Syders _ , , _ , • . , . Yard " was frequently „ From tank Good „ Carried „ .. » >, » » » complained of by the from tank medical gentlemen I ("during the late epedemic "). There is an open » t » , » •> » •> •• •• " " privy close to an open sink, from which a bad » » .i » .. >• <• » •> " " " smell at all times arises, there werethree fatal cases of "cholera" close to the said privy and sink, and which said privy and sink accommodates about 50 persons. „ From well Tasted „ Carried „ „ „ „ » » .. None. badly from well „ „ Good Sufficient „ „ » No None „ „ » None. „ From tank „ „ . Carried Under house » » » » » » None. from tank Common stairs „ „ „ „ Under court „ „ » Common By hand No None. Outer air From well „ „ Carried None „ „ No Open sink Not „ Bad drainage and privy acf OmW ell supplied commodation. Tasted Insufficient „ „< ? „ „ ? .. » Remarks have been stated hadlv •¦ above on this property, Da(Uy ' D. 3. H. 23. {•' Syders Yard") Common stair From tank Good Sufficient Carried Under court ? Open sink Smell from „ ? .. None. from tank sink Outer air » Nono None » » .. Tne room where this person " . was attacked is small and not sufficiently ventilated ("it was built for a kitchen "). Common stair Purchased „ „ Carried None » No „ » By hand ? Into a court From well Tasted Insufficient Carried „ „ „ „ ? Not „ This property is in a bad badly from well supplied sanitary state, owing to . . the bad drainage and privy accommodation. "Rosia. „ „ „ „ „ „ Open sink Smell from „ „ » " Syders Yard," D. 3. H. 23. in court sink Common stair From tank Clear „ Carried Under court „ No. None ? ? » On this property there are from tank a quantity of goats kept, from which a very bad smell arises, and which the medical gentlemen complained of ; also there is one privy to accommodate 60 persons. „ „ „ Sufficient „ „ „ * » j » « None - Outer air Purchase „ Insufficient Carried None „ „ „ »', .. » This property has no drainage ; there is one cesspool privy to accommodate 30 people, from which a bad smell at all times arises. Common stair From tank „ „ Carried Under court „ „ „ » » » Remarks have been stated from tank ' above on this property, Irom D. 1. H. 13. (" Scud Hill «L Outer air Purchase „ „ Carried None „ „ .. ? >• » Remarks have been stated above, on this property, D. 7. H. 6. ("South Sheds*') . From well Good Sufficient „ „ i .. ' . ™*ffi^*L"* Common stair From tank ? „ „ Under house „ SmeU from J „ „ dl^«Sj£tto B "SS the whole of this property, • D. 1. H. 15. ( T 'Justo Y s i Buildings.") Outer air „ >, » » ? • No. None Common „ • None. privy ' „ From well Tasted Insufficient „ None * Open sink Smell from Open privy „ ? None. badly open sink , ? From tank Good Sufficient „ Under court „ No. None By hand „ None. I. Table XIII. List of Sanitary Works completed in Barracks up to the Outbreak of Cholera in Gibraltar, about August 1865. to- ~f Name of Backer Service. Remarks. Barrack or Service. Remarks. Hospital. Hospital - „ T , . j f Ventilation to privies by the Infantry were Lock up improved. heightening shafts - removed from .. here soon after the Wood floors laid. Wooden floors in 3 case- Cholera broke out, . . . mnipji > ' • • and encamped. Ventilating shafts put in. ! ™* 8 I I- Do. grates do. Grates put in 2 casemates *£jft™js* J TSkr OT B t? d ablution room i^f out^f =££=£ improvea. i 2fi caBemates . . pied while sickness . ? , was prevalent.* Steel boilers and oven *• fixed. Jenning's latrines and f Jenning's latrines ~ d urinals and 6 night Town Range Barl urinals fixed. racks (R. E.j Ab i utio n and bath rooms. [_ Tar paving to latrines. ' Wards all ventilated exceP* P* 4# r Ventilating shafts corn- Consolidated kitchen P leted " This Barrack fitted up. it *-i i.. , was also vacated, P King's Bastion! Ventil^ing grates com- I and the Surgery and adjoining Barracks -1 *" clcu " " " [camped till the rooms. „, . ... Cholera disap- Flooring completed - pe are d. Projifion store and 1 ashbin - - J Orderlies dining room. I. * »" U1 " •> Naval Hospital -\ Adjacent privies altered Ventilating shafts cornto latrines. pleted » Purveyors stores. Prfnce Albert's I Ventilating grates comleToni " ¦ I • Dieted. Adjacent privies altered pieiea. Water for privies laid on. was very bad here, Ventilating grates com- I t h e men we re r Jenning's latrines and Orange Bastion -¦{ pleted - - - f eventually enurinals put up. _? , ± , camped till it was ' F Floors completed - - sa f e to return. Ablution and bath room , . c .. A „_ i 1 ashbin » « - J fitted up. i Halves Bar-, 2 night urina i Pipes to soldiers latrines. Tar paving laid in Bar- Buena Vista -\ Dp. to officers latrine raik square. L *» flwihuig. Guard and school rooms n««i« ventilated. Gunners Barracks Drain. Stanley's Buildings Privies and ventilation. ' Improvements to water- . closets. Offi ce ™ S^ leB '\ Ventilation, &c. R.E. Mess and I Southport Street/ Quarters -1 1 night urinal fixed. „.,... „.„, Wmdmill Hill! Urinal Drain improved. Barrack -J WindmUl Hilll Do# Engineer Buildings] Canteen -/ PrinceEdward'4 Drain and water-closet. Q .^ ramp j Boom - - J and shaft _____ __ — __^_— — — _^ — — * The battery of Royal Artillery quartered there remained in occupation, J. Willmott. Dated 29th September 1868. 68 69 APPENDIX. TabLe XIV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths from Diarrhcea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865. X 70 Table XIV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea, Cholera. ; where Number of Attacked : Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Room Date Date Date Date "Ist Floor," Barracks. Corps. or where attacked of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. "2nd Floor." Ist Brigade. 1865. 1865. 1865. j Moorish Castle - - - Royal Artillery -R. Lawrence - - 28 15 July . . — — — Ist Floor 4 „ ... H - J. Chandler • 83 12 August — — — Ground 37 I Orange Bastion - „ - R. Bell 26 21 „ — — — „ 1 Moorish Castle - - „ ¦ J. Rowbottom 24 — — 24 August - — Ist Floor 3 „ „ . J.M«lntyre • - 28 28 August - — — — „ 4 Orange Bastion - „ - B. Riding 30 29 „ — — — Ground 3 Grand Casemates - „ G.Wiggins 28 2 September — — — Ist Floor 24 Rosia Barracks - „ • 1. Waddington - 27 2 „ — — — „ 1 „ . „ - T. White 29 3 — — — „ 1 Moorish Castle • - „ - J. Cousins 30 3 „ — — — „ 1 Grand Casemates - - „ - P. Sproull - - 30 3 „ — — — „ 26 „ „ - D.Stewart 30 3 — — — „ 26 „ „ • J. M°Cartney 27 5 „ — — — „ 24 Moorish Castle - „ H.Pellow 38 8 „ — — — „ 2 „ „ - H. Flicker 26 10 „ — — — „ 2 t m „ . J. Buttler 34 — — lOSeptember 12September Grouud 33 Prince Albert's Front - „ - R. Roles 24 — — 11 „ 12 „ „ 4 Rosia Barracks • - „ • H. Burnett 29 — — 11 „ Ist Floor l Grand Casemates • - ,» - J. Larmer - - 27 11 September — — — » 24 ... „ W.Wood 30 11 „ — . , . — — „ 24 Brewery Barracks - - „ - G. Morrison 24 11 — — — Ground i Moorish Castle • - » - J. Meehan 82 — — 18 September 14 September Ist Floor a OrAnge Bastion - „ B. Riding • ¦ 30 13 September — — — Ground 3 Jumpers Bastion - „ • H. Cause 31 14 „ — — — „ 6 Rosia Barracks • „ J.Morgan 29 — — 13 September 14 September Ist Floor l Gunner's Barracks - - „ - C. M°Cabe - - 26 14 September — — — Ground Dispensary Orange Bastion • „ - J. Deraney 29 — — 15 September 16 September „ 2 Rosia Barracks . „ C. Head - - 28 16 September — — — Ist Floor l Gunner's Barracks • „ - D. Hubbard 26 16 „ — — — 2nd Floor 4 Prince Albert's Front - „ - J. Grocett 24 16 „ — — — Ground 2 Moorish Castle - „ J.Moorse 80 — — 18 September — „ 1 Orange Bastion - - » - T. W. Phillips - - 28 — — 19 „ 25 September „ 4 Grand Casemates - „ - J. M'Hugh 26 — 19 „ — Ist Floor 26 Moorish Castle - „ R. Smith - - 29 19 September — — — „ 1 Defensible Barracks - - „ - J. Driver 25 19 „ — — — Ground 3 Moorish Castle - „ - J. Bullett 33 19 „ — — — „ 1 ... „ - J.Payne 28 19 — — — „ 2 „ „ - C. Coates 28 19 „ — — — „ 1 Orange Bastion - - „ - H. White 25 19 „ — — — „ 1 >t „ - J. T. Ruddom - - 24 — — 21 September 23 September „ 4 „ - „ - E. Mathews 26 — — 22 „ 23 „ „ 4 „ „ - J. Sutherland 36 — 22 „ 23 „ 3 Prince Albert's Front - „ - J.Heasley - - 26 24 September — — — 1 | Orange Bastion - - „ -A. G. Carter -.2024,, — — — „ 4 I Prince Albert's Front - „ - T. Mullin .-2724,, — — — „ 3 Moorish Castle - „ - J. Chandler 83 — — 24September 24September „ 37 Jumpers Bastion - „ J.Harding - - 30 24 September — — — „ 3 Moorish Castle - ? - H. Flicker 26 25 „ — — - „ 2 Grand Casemates - - >, -P. Lyons 34 26 — — — Ist Floor 24 Prince Albert's Front - » - C. Armstrong 25 25 „ — — — Ground 3 Orange Bastion - ? ¦ R- Bell 26 25 „ — — „ 1 Moorish Castle - - .. - J- Buxton 28 26 — — — „ 38 „ „ - J.Connolly 35 26 — — — „ 29 j Grand Casemates • - ? G. Bullock SO 26 „ — — — Ist Floor 24 | „ » J.M'Coll - 32 26 - - - „ 26 I I APPENDIX. 71 Deaths from Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865. Feet per — before Condition Man Ventilation : the Attack v . ?* Wr "Sufficient," ..£™ „ »& y Mother Quantity:, <%*& S£l g^f Time of or^'Gul " La - Nei 8 h ' Whence derived. Sufficient, "Clear!" Boom been ¥£?"&} Attack. "Insufficient." «^* trines ,, W ;> Sources. "Insufficient." .£££s&» Limewashed. -i n d&t,» 1866. 410 Insufficient Tes No No None Contractor - Insufficient Tasted badly 1 April - Bad 226"8 „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - „ 881 „ No „ „ Breakwater „ - „ „ „ - „ 405 „ Yes „ „ None „ - „ „ - „ 881 „ No „ „ Breakwater „ - „ „ „ - „ 629 „ „ „ „ "Water Port Tank „ , » - „ 1150 Sufficient „ Yes „ None Well • „ „ „ - Good 1150 „ „ „ „ „ „ - - „ „ „ - „ 405 Insufficient Yes No „ „ Contractor „ „ „ - Bad 629 „ No „ „ Water Port „ ¦ „ ? >. ' 423 „ Yes „ „ None „ - „ » » - „ 423 „ „ „ » „ „ - „ „ .. - „ 315 „ „ „ „ „ „ - ? „ .. - „ " 549 ? No H » Breakwater „ - „ „ h - „ 1198 „ „ Yes „ None Well - „ „ - Good ' 671 „ „ No „ „ Tank - - „ „ » Bad 1198 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ - - „ „ .. - Good 423 Insufficient Yes „ >, „ Contractor - „ „ .. - Bad 917 ii No H it Breakwater „ - „ „ » - „ — — 1140 „ „ „ „ „ Tank and Well - „ „ » ' - „ I 1198 ? „ Yes „ None Well - - „ „ ¦» - Good • 1140 it „ No Yes „ Tank „ ? •• Bad j 917 „ „ n No Breakwater Contractor - „ ? » - „ — 1198 Sufficient „ Yes „ None Well •- „ „ .. Good ' 800 Insufficient „ No Yes „ Tank - - „ » .. Bad 549 „ „ „ No Breakwater Contractor - „ „ .. - „ ! 423 ? Yes „ „ None „ - „ .. >» - >, 917 „ No h v Breakwater „ '" • „ » » " • „ 671 >, ii » >. Water Port Tank - - „ >, .. - v , I 423 ii Yes „ „ None Contractor - „ >. » - >• j 785 » No „ „ „ Tank - - „ » „ - Good - 428 » Yes „ „ „ Contractor - „ » » - Bad 917 „ No „ „ Breakwater „ „ ? n " ¦ ? ' 2268 v Yes „ ? None „ - „ » » - » I 906 >, No „ >, Breakwater Tank and Well » » » - » 428 ii Yes „ „ None Contractor - » » » ¦ » 671 „ No „ „ Water Port Tank - - » » .. ' | 549 „ v n i ¦• Breakwater Contractor - »' ». » <• I 878 ii Yes „ . » None „ » A 'n " • » 671 „ No „ „ Water Port Tank - - „ „ „ - .. I 72 Table XIV. Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. j . ¦ where Number of I Attacked ; i ¦Vamfi of Patient Aste. " Ground," Room Nameori-aiieni. Age. « l8tFloori » ? , Corps. or where attacked Barracks. of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. '\2ndFloor." Prince Albert's Front • - Royal Artillery - J.Day - - 25 26 September - Ground 1 Naval Hospital - - „ - - J.J.May . - 26 27 ... - - ~ Hospital Jumpers Bastion - ¦ .. - - G.Thompson - - 27 27 „ - - ~ Ground 4 ... „ W.Saunders 27 27 — — "~ » 1 Grand Casemates - - • - W.Hall ¦ [• - 32 27 „ - ~ Ist Floor 25 Moorish Castle - - - - - M.Dogherty - 28 27 „ - - ~ Ground 2 Naval Hospital - - • J.Fletcher - 30 - 29September 29September Ist Floor 21 Prince Albert's Front - - - -G. Culver - • - 23 27 September - - Ground 3 Moorish Castle - - „ - • M. Grace - - - 28 28 - Grand Casemates - ¦ „ - - A.Lowrie - - - 25 30 „ - - ~ 25 . „ G. Cooper • - - 25 30 „ — — "" » 23 Rosia Barracks - .. - - J. Casey • 27 30 — ,„ ? __ . T aiaui. ok — — 80 September 1 October • Ground 3 Prince Albert s Front • » J.hleitn 25 *• Moorish Castle - - - - O. Rose ... 30 30 September - Prince Albert's Front - ¦ „ E.Pritchard - 33 30 - " » 7 Moorish Castle • • » J. Rowbottom . - 24 1 October- - — » 2 Rosiaßarracks - - - - - J-Brien - 22 1 „ - ~ lstFloor 1 . ... - J.Heaton - 28 - lOctober- - „ 1 Moorish Castle - • - - J-Honeker - - 27 1 October- - - Ground 2 Prince Albert's Front - - _ J.Morgan 33 3 „ — ~ ~ » ' . „ E. Talbott - - 33 3 „ — "" " Defensible Barracks • - - - J- Taylor • - 26 3 „ — " » Grand Casemates . - „ - - B-Mooney . - 23 - »<«*— ~ lstFloor 25 Prince Albert's Front - - . - E.Doyle • - - 27 3 October- - - Ground 4 Moorish Castle - • » C.Blake 31 4 „ — Rosiaßarracks - - - „ . - J.Ward - - 24 - - 3 October- - Ist Floor 1 Naval Hospital - . - „ . .J. Moore . . - 28 - - 4 October- - „ 18 Pr nee Albert's Front - - „ . - H.Johnston . - 28 4 October- - - "' Ground . „ J. Grocett - - - 26 4 „ — ~ » 2 Grand Casemates . • - - P.Lyons . - - 34 4 „ - ~ Ist Floor 24 Jumpers Bastion - - -B. Shamond - - 25 5 „ - . - - Ground l r ,tt m. i r r nnnnr . 97 — —6 October - 6 October - Ist Floor 20 Naval Hospital • .. . - C. tonnor • -a Jumpers Bastion • - - J- Corbie . . - 32 7 October- - Ground 3 - „ J.Westlake 33 7 „ — - — • » 2 . _ T. Peacock 26 8 „ — ~* Moorish Castle - - • - W.Hickland - - 37 - - 6 October- - „ 22 . T.Moore 80 9 October - _ -- — „ 42 Jumpers Bastion - „ H.Edgar . - 24 8 „ ~ " " Prince Albert's Front . - „ J.M'Dermott • - 25 9 » ¦" ' " A Moorish Castle ... „ J.Johnston 28 8 .. ' ~ " Prince Albert's Front - - „ G. Price - - 27 10 >• ~ Defensible Barracks - „ J.Lawlor • - 27 12 ? " " Moorish Castle ... „ F.Moore ... 80 15 „ - ~ " •' Brewery - „ G.Baskett 24 17 „ - ~ _ ?r ,„,.. an -it — — — Under Canvas. Under Canvas at Europa - „ W. White ... 27 17 » _ _ „. ••» _ ¦- — Ist Floor 24 Grand Casemates - - „ P.Lyons - 34 17 Prince Albert's Front - - „ R. Fraser • - 27 20 „ - "~ „..„., T ip.i_ nm . 26 — — 24 October - 24 October - „ 8 Moorish Castle ... „ - J. ifaiKner . - zo Jumpers Bastion - • - W.Chantler . - 26 25 October- - - - » - Moorish Castle G.Coope . • 21 26 ? ~ ~ ~ lst Floor 4 _, _ „. aa — — — Ground 2 Defensible Barracks - „ • - C. Pass • 24 26 „ Rosiaßarracks . - - „ . - T.Eady • - 26 2 November - lst Floor l Defensible Barracks . - - W.Newman . . 25 3 „ - - Ground Brewery Barracks - - „ S. Grimeson 28 6 „ - - ~ " [ This doet not include a very large number of cases of I APPENDIX. 73 from Diarrhaea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865 — continued. Any Nui™ exper^nced at the g General Cubic State of lime of Attack. v* * How long S an J* a jy Feet per before Condition Man Ventilation ; the Attack w . ?? ii a m "Su ffl cient ) »..J S ,,^oin /S y f rom other QuantHy:, 9£%J Jj^ REMAEKS - Time of or"Gul' " La - Ne 'K h " Whence derived. Sufficient, .. Clear » Boom been P* rra * k ,, : Attack. "Insufficient." 9*^ trineg „ W-, Sources. Ttaifi^-.,,^^. Limewashed. -I^^» 1865 649 Insufficient No No No Breakwater Contractor - Insufficient Tasted badly 1 April ' - Bad 1715 Sufficient „ „ „ None Tank „ n „ Good 906 Insufficient „ „ Yes „ Tank and Well - „ „ „ . Bad 906 „ „ „ No Breakwater „ - „ „ (> . „ 671 ? „ „ „ Water Port Tank „ n (1 „ 423 „ Yes „ „ None Contractor - „ „ () . n 1715 Sufficient No „ „ „ Tank „ „ (> Good 549 Insufficient „ „ „ Breakwater Contractor - „ „ „ . Bad 423 „ Yes „ „ None „ - „ „ „ . „ 671 i, No „ „ Water Port Tank „ „ „ >( 671 „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ . n 1198 Sufficient „ Yes „ None Well „ „ „ - „ 649 Insufficient „ No „ Breakwater Contractor - „ „ „ . |f 423 „ Yes „ „ None „ ¦ „ „ „ - „ 6*9 » No „ „ Breakwater „ - „ „ „ » „ 429 » Yes „ „ None „ - „ „ „ . „ 1199 Sufficient No Yes „ „ Well „ „ „ Good 1199 „ „ „ „ „ „ H „ v . v 429 Insufficient Yes No „ „ Contractor - „ „ „ . Bad — — 549 „ No „ „ Breakwater „ n „ M n 789 „ „ „ „ None Tank „ „ „ Good 675 „ „ „ „ Water Port „ „ „ . jjaj __ 849 >¦ » » » Breakwater Contractor „ „ » - „ 429 „ Yes „ „ None „ '- „ „ „ - „ 1199 Sufficient No Yes „ „ Well - „ . Good — 1259 „ „ No „ ? Tank - ? „ 549 Insufficient „ „ „ Breakwater Contractor - „ „ „ . Bad 549 „ , „ „ „ n . M " „ . 675 „ „ „ „ Water Port Tank „ „ „ 908 „ „ „ „ Breakwater Tank and Well - „ „ „ 1259 Sufficient „ „ „ None Tank - „ „ - Good 908 Insufficient „ „ „ Breakwater Tank and Well - „ „ „ . Bad 908 „ „ „ „ „ , . . 908 „ „ „ „ „ ? - „ b „ 762*6 „ Yes „ „ None Contractor - „ „ „ . OQQ 908 „ No „ „ Breakwater Tank and Well „ „ „ 549 n „ „ „ „ Contractor - „ „ „ . „ 429 „ Yes „ „ None „ „ „ „ _^_ 549 „ No „ „ Breakwater „ - „ „ „ . '89 >, „ „ „ None Tank „ „ „ - Good 288 „ Yes „ „ „ Contractor - „ „ „ - Bad 8W »• No » » ». Tank - „ „ - Good 675 „ „ „ „ Water Port „ - - „ „ „ Bad M 9 » H .. » Breakwater Contractor - „ „ „ . „ „ 393-75 „ Yes „ „ None „ - „ „ „ . 908 „ No „ „ „ Tank and Well - „ „ „ - „ | 429 „ Yes „ „ „ Contractor - „ „ '89 „ No „ „ „ Tank - „ „ ¦ Good 1190 Sufficient „ Yes „ „ Well „ „ „ 786 Insufficient „ No. „ „ Tank „ „ „ „. - I'iarrhoea in which Hospital treatment was not required. E. H. Blake, M.D.,_ Surgeon Major, Ivoyai Artillery. APPENDIX. I Table XlV— Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. *^ Floor Number of 1 — • — where Attacked : Room Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Date Date Data Date " Ist Floor," where Barracks. Corps. of Attack. ofDeath. ofAttack. ofDeath. "2nd Floor." Attacked. 1865. 1865. 1865. North Front - • • 2nd Batt. 15th Regt. William White • ¦ 31 - 3 August - 4 August - Ground - Casemate • I • ? William Allicot - 36 — . — 10 „ •' 10 j, Ist Floor 16 . . . j . M William Careless: 23 — — 10 „• — Ground 10 .! . „ ' Thomas Patterson - 21 — — 10 „ ¦ 12August „ 9 . . .I . L George Wookey - - 23 — — 10 :„• -j 4 Ist Floor 16 .| . „ Charles Cox \ 23 j — — 10 ;,„ -| -j Ground 10 .i - L William Fan 25 ; — j — 10 I„. -j -i „ 4 . !„ William Smith - 27 — ;— 10 ! „. -! -4 „ 2 .! . „ Amos Hanington - 23 11 August - — j — 4 Ist Floor 20 Naval Hospital - - - L, Thomas Stone - - 25 16 „ - \- — „ -4 Ground 12 Casemate - • • Walter Tuck - - 27 - — 18 August •19 August - Ist Floor 11 Transport Ship "Renown" - Ist Batt. r 9th Regt. John Doyle - - 40 — — 22 „ - 22 „ — — King's Bastion ¦ ¦ -2nd Batt. 15th Regt. Richard Mercer • 24 27 August — : — — Ground 16 „ George Hornby - 31 — — 29 August - 30 August - „ 15 Wellington Front - - „ William Brooks - 24 30 August r - - , - „ 28 King's Bastion - - » James Leeman - - 24 4 September — — — „ 2 Thomas Ward . . 33 — — 10 September 11 September „ 15 Casemate ... „ Patrick Sullivan - 37 — — 12 — „ 9 King's Bastion - • a William Tomlinson - 33 - - 12 12September „ 12 ... „ William Cronsdale .34 — . — 12 » 13 „ „ - 5 Wellington Front - - ? Edward Burbeck - 32 — — 13 — „ 28 ¦ „ James Joseph 25 - , - 14 „ - „ 26 Camp, Windmill Hill - ¦ I • Giles Warren . . 24 . - - 16 „ ldSeptember „ Tents „ - - „ Samuel Griffiths . 30 — — 16 * — „ „ Wellington Front ¦ » John Allen - - 26 -16September _ . -? - „ 4 Camp, Windmill Hill - - „ George Lampard . 28 -18 -„ .. — - - „ Tents Naval Hospital ¦ • » Laurence Aspden .33 «- - 19 September 21 September Ist Floor 23 Wellington Front •j ' • I m Mathew Donnelly - 28 19September — —, ¦ - Ground 26 Townßange ... , JacobQuinn - - 24 20 „ _..-,. . — . „ l Garrison Dispensary - - » George Foster 30 20 „ — — . — „ — Wellington Front - - I* Richard Brackell - 31 - — 22 September 22 September „ 23 Townßange ... w William Purcell - 18 22 September — — — Ist Floor 6 .... „ John Hammond 26 23 „ — — — „ 6 Wellington Front - - ? George Brixton - 26 - . - 23 September 23 September Ground 24 Town Range - « John Sheppard - 30 24 September — — — „ 2 Wellington Front - - „ William Rowland 25 - - 26 September 1 October- „ 16 Garrison Dispensary - - „ George Foster - - 30 27 September - - - „ - Camp, Windmill Hill - - » John Hill - 25 27 „ - - - „ Tents Wellington Front • - « Thomas Criddle 26 27 — — „ 8 Town Range ... „ George Chance 24 28 „ — — „ 2 Wellington Front - >, John Mason 22 28 „ — — — „ 8 Camp, Windmill Hill - - „ Samuel Moore - - 37 28 - - - ? Tents Wellington Front •! • » Thomas West - - 33 - - 1 October - 3 October- „ 25 Naval Hospital - - „ Charles Slough - - 23 1 October- - — - „ 12 Wellington Front - - >• James Cronin 27 1 „ — — » 7 South Barracks - - „ Thomas Morley - 29 4 „ - — - Ist Floor 10 Townßange - » Samuel Jackson - 24 6 „ — — — Ground 1 Wellington Front - - „ James Leever - - 25 6 „ — — — „ 21 . „ Henry Price 23 6 „ — — — „ 21 „ - « George Tanner --256,, — _._ f( 9 I Townßange ... „ George Mathews •> 25 6 ¦¦„ — — — „ 1 Wellington Front - - ? Edward Dunn - - 30 - - . 6 October. 1 0ctober- „ 21 Naval Hospital ... „ James Cronin 27 — — 1 » — Ist Floor 24 Wellington Front • - » James Shackleton - 23 7 October- — — — Ground 21 j Town Range ... „ Samuel Smith 24 9 „ — — — „ 1 Comp, Windmill Hill - - ; ; ? , ; ,: Job&HJH -25 9 „ - - „ Tents^j 75 from Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865 — continued. Any Nuisaj^e experienced at tho Water Supply at the Time of Attack, g™** cubio State of Time of Attack, . How km* $£& SS*. "insufficient." "^ to, Sources. 'Insufficient." ., T ' M K^ y) . Lunewashed. 385 Insufficient None None Yes Cemetery Tank - - Sufficient Depositing 4 months - Indifferont sediment. 490 „ „ „ No No „ * ... ' Limited „ 3 „ - „ 495 ? ». » .. » •> » 3 „ • 490 .. » .. » „--.,., 3 » 495 „ » .. „ „ .. 3 „ • ? 498 » » » >. ». » » » 3 „ - 490 .. » .. .. „ .. * - » » 3 „ - ; 380 » .. .. .. .. » ¦ • » 3 493 „ .. » » » .. » . » 3 „ - ? I 2490 Sufficient No No „ Unknown „ - - Sufficient „ 4 ? ¦ Good Bon cases of 498 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ Limited „ 3 „ Indifferent - Unknown „ „ „ „ „ .. » Unknown - — 490 Insufficient Yes Yes „ „ „ ?6 months - Indifferent 498 „ .. .. » " ¦' . » 6 " » ! ... Nn . , 5 „ - „ irorthern end of Welling-408 » .. «° •• •» » •'. " ton Front. 495 ? .. Yes „ „ - » » 6 „ - 498 ? .. » » " •• ' " . " 6 „ - „ 380 ? No No „ No „ - - „ ii 4 „ - „ 490 „ Yes Yes „ » ? - .. •• 8 „ - „ mh >..."¦ » » 6 „ ¦ „ . no sn * „ 5 „ - „ Northern end of Welling. iw » ¦• «» » » •• ton Front. 490 .. » .. .... .. » » 5 „ ¦ „ „ „ 180 Good No „ „ ? „ ? .. Never - Good 180 >> » >» " . " " •*. . " " 498 Insufficient Yes „ „ „ - - „ .. 5 months - Indifferent 180 Good No „ „ „ „ ? , .. Never ¦ Good — 1450 Sufficient ? „ .. .. • - Sufficient „ 5 months - ? A *jg2fi* in CMeS of 498 Insufficient Yes „ „ „ „ - • Limited „ 5 „ ¦ Indifferent 498 „ .. Yes Yes „ „¦-..; » 6 „ - Bad 1440 Good No No „ ? „ - - » » 4 „ - ? 498 Insufficient Yes „ No „ „ ? .. 6 „ ¦ Indifferent Northerner^ of Welling-498 „ ? Yes Yes „ „ „ 6 „ - Bad lnn -sT n No - - ? 8 .. - Indifferent Northern end of Welling«tu ii •> . "" " w _ •» » ton Front. 498 „ „ Yes Yes „ ? - „ .. 6 „ ¦ Bad 498 „ „ No No ...» ¦ ». . 8 „ - Indifferent 1440 Good No „ Yes „ „ „ .. 4 „ - Bad 180 „ .. ». No „ „ » » Never - Good - — 498 Insufficient Yes „ „ . .. ? • - ... . » 6 months ¦ Indifferent 490 „ .. Yes Yes „ „ ¦ ¦ „ „ 6 „ ¦ Bad 498 ? » No No „ ? - „ .. 6 „ - Indifferent 180 Good No „ „ „ „ .. » Never - Good 490 Insufficient Yes „ „ ? „ - - ... » 6 months - Indifferent North|rnend of Welling-1680 Sufficient No „ „ „ „ - - Sufficient ? 5 „ Good * oa cases of 498 Insufficient Yes „ ? , Limited „ 6 „ - Indifferent 390 .. No „ „ „ ? ?_ » 3 ? - Good — 498 „ Yes Yes Yes „ „ ? ... 6 „ - Bad ~~ 490 „ „ No No „ „ „ .. 7 „ - Indifferent 490 „ ii .. » ...,.- - .. .» 7 „ - ?. 490 „ .. .. » .. „ ¦ - >. . » 7 » " 498 „ ? Yes Yes „ „ .. » 6 „ - Bad ... -v- w. . 7 „ Indifferent Northern end of Welling-190 >¦ ... -no iiu ..... >• ton Front. . 1680 Sufficient No „ .. » « • - •• » 5 „ ¦ Good ... _ _ ._. — 7 Indifferent Northern end of Welling-498 Insufficient Yes „ .. .. .. - . - »• » ' » ton Front. 490 „ „ Yes Yes ? „ »• - ? .. 7 ? - Bad 180 Good No No No ? ? .. » Never ¦ Good C. G. Irwin, M.8., Surgeon 2/, 15th Regiment. APPENDIX. * I 76 f Table XIV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Death, Occupation when tho Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. Floor — ¦ " where Number of Attacked : Name of Fatient. Age. "Grouud," Room Date Date Date Date "Ist Floor," Barracks. Corps. or where attacked ofAttaok. of Death. of Attack. of Death. "2nd Floor." v Of'co" 1865. 1866. 1865. 83. Cottage North Front - Royal Engineers ¦ *E. Paxton 26 — — 14 August - 15 August - Ground No. 6 Cottage 33. Town Range Barracks - „ ¦ J.Duff - - 29 — . — 19 „ - 20 „ Ist Floor 16 ", 33. ? - •> * E - Bloomflcld ¦ 29 21 August - — — — „ 16 30. Buena Vista Hutment - „ ¦ J.Laughran 28 22 „ — — — Ground 2 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - W. Eveleigh - • 30 23 „ — — — Ist Floor 2 27. „ „ » *G. Russell 25 25 „ — — — „ 2 50. Town Range Barracks ¦ „ - J. Clarke 24 26 „ - - - Ground 12 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - H. Stanhope 31 27 „ — — — Ist Floor 2 30. Buena Vista Hutment ¦ „ - W.Stephens 26 28 „ — — — Ground 2 30. Town Range Barracks - „ ¦ S. Brazier 32 — — 31 August - 5 September „ 12 30. ii * n " D.Pickett - -26 1 September — — — Ist Floor 18 30. n „ „ - G. Mitchell 32 3 „ — — — „ 16 30. „ „ „ - J. "Wilson --283,, — — — Ground 12 80. No. 2 Engineer Buildings „ - *J. Crighton 38 6 „ — — — „ 2 33. Town Range Barracks - „ - G. Kerrison 25 6 „ — — — ? 11 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - G. Grey 27 9 — — — Ist Floor l 83. Buena Vista Married Qrs. „ - *L. Lee - - - 40 13 „ — — — Ground Qrs. near Mess 30. No. 2 Engineer Buildings „ - *J. Crighton - - 38 — — 15 September — „ 2 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - J. Middleton » - 30 15 September — — — Ist Floor 2 27. „ „ - „ - J. M c Ness 25 15 „ — — — » 2 30. Town Range Barracks - „ - R. Dunstan 22 17 ? — — — » 16 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - E. Hunt 81 17 „ — — — » 1 27. Camp Bay Cottage - „ ¦ *E. Carpenter 35 20 „ — — — Ground Cottage Camp 33. Hargraves Barracks - „ ¦ W.Watson 29 22 — — — „ I 27. No. 1 Engineer Buildings „ - *W. Springett - - 38 — — 23 September 23 September „ 1 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - W.Vaux 28 24 September — — — Ist Floor l 27. „ „ - „ - P. Puggle 28 25 „ — — — „ 1 27. „ „ - „ - R. Hamilton 25 26 » — — — » 1 27. „ „ - „ - J.Lake 28 26 „ — — — ? 1 80. Town Range Barracks ¦ „ ¦ R. Dunstan 22 26 „ — — — » 10 30. Buena Vista Hutment ¦ „ - J.Mullen 29 27 „ — — — Ground 2 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - R. Hodge 31 — — 27 September 27 September Ist Floor 1 27. „ „ „ P.Henderson 29 — — 28 „ — » 1 80. Town Range Barracks - „ • J.Clarke . • 26 29 September — — — „ 12 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ • A. Giddy 28 29 „ — — — .. 1 , 27. „ „ » H. Stanhope • - 25 29 „ — — — » 2 30. Buena Vista Hutment - „ - J. Weymark • 28 1 October — — — Ground 2 30. Hargraves Barracks - „ - *J. Hobday 26 3 „ — — — » 3 80. Town Range Barracks - „ - G.Wright 81 4 „ — — — „ 12 I 33. „ „ - „ D.Adams 25 4 „ — — — » 10 J 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ -A. Hodgkins 27 6 „ — — — Ist Floor 1 I 27. Buena Vista Married Qrs. „ - *W. Dawling 89 7 „ — — — Ground 1 I I 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - A.Ferguson --238,, — — — Ist Floor 1 j 27. „ „ - ? ¦ P.Fuggle 28 11 — — — » 2 30. Buena Vista Hutment - „ - C. Ireland 30 12 „ — — — Ground 2 27. Hargraves Barracks - „ - J. M c Ness 25 14 „ — — — Ist Floor 1 88. Buena Vista Hutment - „ - W.Bond 32 15 ?' — — — Ground 2 S3. No. 36 Crutchett'M Ramp. „ - *8. Spooner 28 19 „ — — — 2nd Floor 6 j 27. Hargraves Barracks - - W. Hazel 30 19 „ — — — Ist Floor 1 \ 30. Buena Vista Hutment - ? - J.Wright 31 20 ? — — — Ground 2 30. „ „ .. J. Sambols 28 23 „ — — — » 2 SO. „ „ - ? - C.lreland - 30 28 „ — — — „ 2 ! NoTB.-27th Company arrived sth January 1860, from Chatham ; 33rd Company arrived 4th October The Sanitary defects of Gibraltar, generally, must of course affect the Troops prejudicially, and I APPENDIX. 77 !il from Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. I Any Nuisance experienced at the Water Supply at the Time of Attack. aSitary ¦ I cubic r State of Time of Attack. Hawkmg CouS I F »r Ventilation: Qualit Neighbour- RER EM abo. ! I ffi£ "Insufficient, M Sources. ™««*™*- . Inl A nt ,|^^ >M «In|gnt," 700 Insufficient No No No No Wells, North Front Sufficient Tasted badly 2 Months Bad A^ c S^ land ° n GOO „ „ Tank, Townßange „ Good „ Indifferent " ' Barracks. _ Sufficient „ „ „ .> Wells, North Front Insufficient Tasted badly „ Indifferent M „ „ Tank, Hargraves - Sufficient Good » I „ 21 Months Good . j Insufficient „ „ „ „ Tank, Town Range „ .. » Indifferent j Sufficient „ „ ? » Wells, North Front Insufficient Tasted badly „ Good I Insufficient I I I I Tank, Town Range Sufficient Good „ Indifferent Amved^from Corfu, 10th „ 2| Months „ | » » i» » » »> " M » i» » ¦> " " " ?00 >( „ „ Wells, North Front Insufficient Tasted badly „ » goo „ „ „ ? „ Tank, Town Range Sufficient Good » » Sufficient „ „ » >. Wells, North Front Insufficient Tasted badly „ Good ?3 Months Indifferent 700 „ t> >, » >» » " I . , „ Arrived from Corfu, 10th | „ Insufficient „ „ » »» >• " " June 1864. 600 Sufficient „ „ .. » » » " " G °° d ™" | «. . j. ' •• n Indifferent I „ Insufficient „ „ .1 » » " j „ Sufficient „ „ » >• •• " " " ' "" j 600 ." "„ I ? » - " » 34 Months „ — Indifferent Arrived from England on 700 „ „ „ » » •> " " 4th October 1861. „ 3i Months „ j «, . i ¦•' n Indifferent „ Insufficient „ „ „ » » » " " j „ Sufficient „ ? » •» » " " " „ „ Arrived from England, 4th „ ? •> ». '• •• •• " " October 1861. „ Arrived from England, Btn v 1, » » •> » » " " January 1860. „ . j. n Indifferent — — „ Insufficient „ „ » » » " " ( „ Sufficient „ „ .. » »> " " " . , „ Indifferent — „ Insufficient „ ? » » » >, » „ 4 Months Indifferent | » 41 Months „ - — » » 4| Months „ T. W. Fox, M.8., Surgeon, R.E. 78 Table XlV.— Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths i., — | Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. ! Diarrhoea. Cholera. _^ __ — s- — I—i1 — i where Number of Attacked : Name of Patient. Age. " Ground," Room Date Date Date Date i" Ist Floor," B»™* 8 - Cor P s - '. : of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. «2nd Floor." Wher6 **** 1866. 1865. 1866. j Camp, Windmill Hill - - 78th Highlanders - Pte. Joseph Trosdick - 26 19 August - - - - 1 r ~ L peter Gallacher - 24 — — 25 August - 25 August - — I„» George D.Waddrell 28 1 September — !— ' -j — „ - „ James Smart - 21 4 „ — — — — M - „ James Beveridge - 20 — — 5 September 5 September ... „ - „b„ b John Dallas >. 21 BSeptember — — , — — ... , - „ Alexander Bruce -205,, — — — — . . - „ - Dr.JohnLaing . 19 5 „ — — — - ... „ - Pte. D. Henderson - 19 8 „ — — — — . - „ - „J. Ferguson 24 8 - , — . — ~ ... „ - „ John Noble 26 13 „ - - - - —¦¦» . - „ - „ James Boyd ' » 18 ? ' - - — - - „ Archibald "Wilson i 23 ¦¦•—;¦ — 128eptember ""«•"" . . . ? . ?«JohnLindsay pi 23 13September — — — g — - „ John A. Mitchell -' 19 13 „ - - - '£ ~ „ . . ¦ „ ¦ „ Thomas Park - 23 18 „ — — — M — „ - „ - „ Richard Gillespie.- 20 14 „ — - — "g j - ... n - - „ Edward Trainer - 20 16 „ — — — g ~ n „ . Dr. Joseph Condle - 18 16 „ — — — jj; — v „ • -«Pte. John Dallas - 22 17 „ - - — - I „ - „d„ d Thomas Lucas - 21 17 „ — — — jj ' — ¦ ¦ • S „ „ - „ George Blantyre 21 19 „ — — ~ pj "" n „ - „ James Stevenson 21 21 „ — — ~ g v . „ - ?«AleianderLongmuir 2324,, — — — Ja"~ „ „ „ William Dallas 18 : 24 „ — — — g — „ . - - „ - „ James Nelson -2024,, - — — •% - „ „ - „ D.Campbell 36 27 - — T I B "" „ • - • „ „ D.Henderson 19 28 „ — — — 3 — „ „ - „' John Lindsay - 23 - - 1 October- 4 October- I - . - - „ - » John Dallas - 22 2 October- — — ~ d ~ „ ? - „ John Murray - 28 - - sOctober- 6October- | - - „ Andrew Kerr - 21 4 October- - — - | - „ „ - Dr. Charles M'Lauchlan 17 6 „ — — — | — „ M - Pte. John M'Lelland -236,, — — — | — „ „ „ Robert Lawns .238 M — — ~~l ~ „ - - - „ „ CharleBTouug .19, 8 „ — — ~ s „ J « .j „« George Taylor - 29 8 „ — — ~ 3 „ - J - „ Robert Smith . 26 9 „ — — ~ < „ „ . ..fcF.Wightman - 28 - - 13 October- 16 October- - » • - - » - „ James M'Cod • 21 14 October - — — "~ "" „ • • • „ • „ Andrew Kerr •¦ 21 15 „ — ~r . M * • - - M • » ' Thomas Lucas 23 16 » j — ¦ , — ~~ „ „ • „ William Wainer - 38 16 „ — — — » - - - » • „ WUliamßoss 22 — - — ~ „ „ „ Peter Egan • 24 19 October- — ':-;.—, — - i - „ . „ James Mitohell 22 24 * - — — — „ • - » - „ William Boyd 80 31 „ — — H « „ ? • CoL William Duyind » 21 1 November — — "~ ~~ „•--.. - Pte. Thomas Btusell 22 1 „ - — ~ „ H » Edward Trainer - 19 8 „ — ~ ~~ j „ » - Donald Caltanuch- 20 22 „ — — — J L — __ . Very many more cases of diarrhoea treated chiefly at the dispensary in camp. Nearly all I APPENDIX. 79 j^m Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at/Gibraltar, during the Epidemic jf 1865— continued. Any Nuisance experienced at the ¦„, . „ ?.,_. . . . . , f,,.,™t Cubic Stateof Time of Attack. Water Supply at the Time of Attack. Genena Feet per -_ „ before Condition Man Ventilation: | theAttadc of iD A m "Sufficient," *«» . From *«fa ¥romother Quantity: 9£%i Jg&gg *%«*? S' .. Insufflc . ...or^oS- "I* NeiKhf *™ Whence derived. "Sufficient," ..g~J.. r^?^ Barracks: Attack. Insufflcxent. leys> , trines.'^. Sources. "Insufficient.",.^^; ,, Swashed ¦ - Jgky. •I f Sufficient None None None None The water was Sufficient for Of good quality, — The camp »nd ? carted up in drinking and but was some- its neighbourbarrels, and culinary pur- times muddy J. c S? B 'SiS,si? t derived from poses. '* after heavy SSFEZft. f tanks. rains. good sanitory condition, " ' » » >• » .1 „ — ? • This man was really taken ill in the town of Gibraltar. " •• »n » » „ „ — „ b A relapsing case. g " " " " " " " " " » 5, " " » "JR » " » » >• » - » ? — „ "First attack, "Choleraic." ¦S This man died after- S wards. "S " . " . " " . " " ~~~ g „ »»i,,- — (**Boththese men were seve•& ' " " " ) ral times under treatns »»»»»' — ) ment. Latterly their at"3 " " " (. tacks were " Choleraic." 9 „ „ ? „ „ n v n _ 3 " " " " " " " % " " •• » • » » ... „ — ? • Choleraic diarrhoea. a ' „ .... ? ¦ „ >. ' „ ' ¦ — «' " " » » » » .. » — „ 'Second and fatal seizure. : Died of the secondary fever. j j| » ..... „ i, „ „ „ _ „ (Choleraic diarrhoea. " " » » » >• .. .. — >. h Died of secondary fever. " » •• •• » » .. .. — .. * Choleraic diarrhoea. i the men had more or. less of diarrhoea soon after landing at Gibraltar. C, L. Stewart, Surgeon-Major, 78th Highlanders. APPENDIX. I 80 Tuble XIV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters together with Cases and Deaths Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. Floor — — — — — « ' — i where Number of Attacked : Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Room Date Date Date Date "Ist Floor," Barracks. Corps. or where attacked of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. "2nd Floor." No. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. South Barracks • - 2nd Batt. 23rd Regt. 788 Pte. Benj. Forsee - 26 — — 20 August - 20 August - 2nd Floor 5 j „ - „ 902 „ JohnDymond 35 — — 31 * 5 September Ist Floor 11 Naval Hospital - „ 712 „ J. M'Cormick 25 — — 7 September 7 „ „ 27 South Barracks - - „ 1143 „ George Laker 43 — — 17 „ - 18 „ „ 3 „ . „ 296 „ Wm.Hammond 37 18 September 20 September — — Ground 2 „ - „ 574 „ James Truscott 29 19 „ — — — 2nd Floor 5 „ . „ 1223 „ George Lees - 26 — — 21 September 23 September „ 5 „ - „ 407 „ Charles Vines 25 — — 26 „ 28 „ Ground 6 Rosia Hut ... „ 325 „ John Smith - 42 — — 27 „ — Ist Floor 1 South Barracks - - „ 1420 „ Robert Ivens 26 — — 28 „ 28 September Ground X . N « - ii 727 „ Thomas Johns 30 — — 23 „ — Ist Floor 4 „ • - „ 1157 „ Henry Rollins 29 — — 29 „ 1 October- „ 12 „ - „ 1177 „ J. Dickenson- 27 — — 29 „ — 2nd Floor 4 Hut at North Front • - „ 306 Corp. Wm. Briand 25 29 September — — — Ground l South Barracks • „ 516 Pte. Thos. James - 26 — — 1 October - 7 October - 2nd Floor 5 „ - „ 840 „ Thos.Whitting 29 — — 2 October - 2 October - Ground 6 » - „ 398 „ Jas. Milliner 25 — — 4 October • 4 October - Ist Floor 10 „ - „ 1119 „ John Podmore 26 ~ — 4 October - — Ground 2 „ „ 658 C.-Serg. T. Birkett 30 4 October - — — — „ Married Quarters. „ „ 67 Pte. Geo. Garrett - 33 12 „ 20 October — — „ 1 „ • „ 567 „ JohnHiggins 26 14 „ 17 „ — — 2nd Floor 2 ii - „ 758 „ Chas. Barton- 27 31 „ 4 November — — „ 1 1865. 1865. 1865. Buena Vista - - 32nd Regiment, L. I. Pte. William Proctor - 22 — — 22 August - 24 August - Ground 3 » • „ „ Henry Binmore - 28 4 September — — — Ist Floor 10 Europa Hutment • - „ „ John Lowden 25 6 „ — — — Ground 3 " a™' Buena Vista • „ „ Charles Frampton 25 — — 6 September 7 September „ 3 » - „ „ Thomas Hilton 35 6 September — — — Ist Floor 9 m - „ C.-Serg. Thomas Purtill 85 6 „ — — — Ground 6 M - - „ Corp. James Crump - 29 — — 8 September 9 September „ 3 » • „ Pte. Mathew Lynch - 23 — — 9 September — Ist Floor 7 Naval Hospital - - „ „ John Bidwell - 26 — — 11 September — Ground 5 Buena Vista ... n n William Hinton - 31 10 September — — — „ 1 i> * H h James Church 22 10 „ — — — Ist Floor 7 I Hut. Room. Europa Hutment - „ v Thomas Holmes 25 11 „ — — — Ground 3 2 I Hut. Room. >• • » „ William Redman 25 11 „ — — — „ 3 2 Married Quarters, Europa Pass „ Corp. George Harding 26 12 — — — „ 20 Under Canvass at Europa ¦ „ Pte. Joseph Sharpe - 26 — 14 September U September „ — » » „ Richard Gray - 22 — — 14 September 15 September „ •— j » » 11 Hugh Mahon - 21 — — 14 September -— „ — >• >. n Albert Pitman - 27 12 September — — — v — Buena Vista ... n v James Ballard 19 12 „ — — — Ist Floor 7 n • ' • » h Goorge Higgins 25 12 „ — — — „ 12 1 .. - • - „ „ John Tinson - 24 12 „ — — — „ 11 I «A 81 pom Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. TT M c suteo, *» W BSflg i i * tt ' ******-*-*»»*• H^ lonK Jgg| I *g = .&. --m™__ «, qg> 3£ igr — SEtf "Insufficient, «^ gg. Sou.es. " ?I nsAe nt,. .T ^&, "I«" 379 Very good None None None None Gdtotritatanb Sufficient Good 1 Month Good Th^cubic^^aUhouKh bttildin « 8 ' S, n entat g ed at for egr by °°Z „ „ excellency of the (cross) 379 m » h >• » " » ¦ ventilation, and a free 3 Months i, current of air secured by 2708 ,> » » ii » • " keeping the windows „„„ „ 6 Weeks „ always open. The la-379 » » ii ii » " '• trines, although objeo „ „ tionablein construction, 379 » » i, »> » " " were kept pure by con,, „ stant flushing, fumiga-379 H it ¦> ii »• " " ' tion, and the use of disinfectants. Thedrink, „ » ing-water was, as far as 379 ? >• n » •• " possible, boiled and „ filtered before using; 379 v » >• i, » " " filters being liberally „ „ „ supplied. The bedding 1079 ii ii n ii »» " originally dirty, was exchanged for clean, which „ „ „ was exposed frequently 379 >¦ ii ii » » " to the sun and air, and no measures calculated „ „ to" improve the sanitary 579 „ » >• ii » " " condition of the barracks, and men were neglected, „ „ It may be said that few, 379 „ » ii ii >» " " if any, of the battalion escaped an attack of H H diarrhoea during the 379 » ii » » » " " prevalence of the epidemic, but most of the .„„„ Tank at North Clear, but Never; asmall Indifferent cases were found very 1200 „ ? .. .. » F^nt impure. painted hut. amenable to treatment, being controlled by Collected in tanks „ Good 6 weeks Good 379 ii »i » » " trnm _„„»„ o f the men both in barracks Sin^f and on B uard ' with in ' Duuaings. structions to the officers „ „ || and non-commissioned 879 m » >• •• " " " officers for their early use, and under this plan „ „ m few cases required ad-379 ii it ii » » " mission into hospital. 607 Indifferent | 379 Very good ___ __ Surgeon, 2/23 rd K.W.F. 528 Insufficient None None None None Tanks - - Insufficient Muddy^ tasted 6 Weeks Good „ 2 Months ,i — 612 ? » ii •• " " 518 » ii ii » " " " " j „ „ Employed in Public "Works. I 812 ? » ii » » - ' " " " " I 6 Weeks „ Hospital Orderly. j 1233 Sufficient » ¦• » » » " " I 2 Months >, Employed in Public Works. I 528 Insufficient „ „ •< » >• " " " w 518 Sufficient „ •• » » •» " » » » „ 9 Weeks » ! 910 n .• » » » " nw** " " " » H "~ " " " _ „ In Public Works. 512 Insufficient „ » » * » ¦ „ » • • » » »• " " ' bB$MB& I Table XIV. Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths : Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. . . Diarrhoea. Cholera. 1 where Number of — " Attacked: Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Room Date Date Date Date "Ist Floor" ¦n i r ™. or where attacked Barracks. Corps. of Attack. of Death. of Attack of Death. "2nd Floor." , 1866. 1866. 1865. Under Canvass at Europa - 32nd Regiment, L.I. Pte. Martin Hannon ¦ 23 13 September - Ground Buena Vista - - .. " 3ohilT * 6 ' ' 28 18 „ - - - ? 1 Charles Marchant • 36 — ¦ — 1 October „ — I Soldiers .Home - • » • » iO L_ „. . ? John White • 23 13 September — — — Ist Floor 8 i isuena v isx>a - • • ? » » William Slater - 28 14 „ — — — Ground 6 Naval Hospital ... » •• George Hartnett - 82 — - 16 September - „ 7 Hut. Room. Enropa Hutment - - » Bugler Fred. Shakes - 21 16 September - - - ?6 2 - Hut. Room. Pte. Job Knighton - 26 — — 16 September 17 September „ 1 l I iiuropa Hutment ¦ » n - Buena Vista • » Serg. John Humberston 27 16 September — — — •> 6 Hut. Room. Pte. Seth Ellis - - 31 — — 16 September 22 September „ 6 1 Europa uutment » • •• L. v . afa . „ „ Thomas Ford - 29 - _ 18 „ - Ist Floor 7 i j>uena vista • • ¦ " ' v ¦ „ Samuel Smith •" 32 18 September — - — Ground 2 'Under Canvass at Europa ¦ . » » JohnDarwent - 26 19 „ 1 _. . WiUiam Smitheram 24 — — 19 September 25 September Ist Floor 9 Buena Vista - •• " „ James Muldoon I 25 19 September — — — Ground , 1 lint. Room. Europa Hutment • - . « ? Charles Arthurs • 25 - _ 19 September 24 September „ 1 i „ Corp- George Harris - 21 19 September — — 4 ?11 Pte. John Brown 25 - _ 20 September 21 September ?8 1 „ L James Willett 36 — _ 20 „ 21 „ „ 8 1 „ „ John Dumma -19 — _ 20 „ 20 „ „ 8 1 Buena Vista -, - - » ? Thomas Taylor - 27 - _ 22 „ - Ist Floor 9 Naval Hospital • « Thomas Hughes - 32 _ 23 „ - Ground 5 Hut. Room. Europa Hutment - - « Serg. Richard Wilson - 24 21 September - - -?51 MarriedQuarters.EuropaPass „ „ William Fletcher - 27 23 „ - - - „ 9 Buena Vista ... .. Pte. Robert Hargreaves 22 23 „ - - - Ist Floor 9 Hut. Room. LuropaHutment - - .. „ Richard Pugh - 24 23 „ - - - Ground 2 2 Buena Vista ... „ » John H.Gordon - 29 - - 23 September - Ist Floor 9 „ Richard Fletcher • 20 23 September — — — Ground 2 Hut. Room. _ . , a l fred Pickles 27 — 24 September — ?3 2 Europa Hutment - - » » A 1" *11 -"CKies v Buena Vista • .. » J<> h n Leacn ¦ M 24 September - - — Ist Floor 9 Hut. Room. Europa Hutment - - „ „ William Beacham - 21 - - 26 September 27 September Ground 3 2 - Hut. Sergeants Serges' Room, Europa Hut- . C.-Serg. Edwin Deacon -32 - _ 27 „ 27 September „ 6 Room. LuropaHutment . - .. Pte. Charles Clarke -33 27 „ - ?3 2 Buena Vista ... „ >. Henry Fan- - - 21 24 September — — — Ist Floor 12 i ....... j ? William Slater - 28 24 „ — — — Ground 6 I ... „ „ William Hodgkinson 30 28 „ — ~ — Ist Floor 12 Hut. Room. Europa Hutment ¦ - „ .. Michael Flynn - 19 2« „ - - - Ground 3 2 William Witham 22 — — 28 September 4 October „ 2 2 George Smart 25 29 September — — -— „ 2 1 Buena Vista ... „ „ Thomas M'Keuniff 26 29 „ — — ¦ — Ist Floor 10 ... „J. Henry Gordon - 29 30 " „ — — — „ 9 Under Canvass at Europa - ? Corp. William Bond - 22 2 October - - - Ground - j ! Europa Hutment - - ? Pte. George Thomas • 32 2 „ - - - „ 2 1 ! WindmUl Hill Prison - - „ „ WilUam Miller - 21 - - 4 October - Prison - | . Married Quarters, Europa Hut- „ .. George Bogue - 28 2 October - - - Ground 4 1 EuropaHutment - : „ » WUliamLuton - 27 ' 2 „ - - - „ 6 S Buena Vista ... „ „ Thomas Bradbury- 32 2 „ - - - „ 1 j . . . Serg. Joseph Williams - 25 ' 2 „ — — — Ist Floor 10 Europa Staff Huts •I . ' ? Serg.-Maj.John^elly - 36 5" „ - - - Ground - NavtlHonrital • • - „ Pte. George Hartnett - 82 "5 " „ - - ¦ - „ y I 1 I APPENDIX, 83 ilfrom Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865— continued. ¦ Any Nuisance experienced at the rtr . B , ?,_,. . ... , Oonpml i ¦ cubic Stateof Time of Attack. Water Supply at the Time of Attack. «*»«£ I feet per ; — _ — , , before Condition | I Man Ventilation: the Attack „. °£ | i ffl n ''SunlcienV'.. i a.. P ™ "Sy Fromother Wity: »™. | ¦ nme^f ?or"Gul- " La " Neigh- Whence derived. "SuOraeut" ..}s£„ j£;™g£ n Bnuk- '¦ ¦ Attack. Insufficient. leyB ,. trines .,, = - f Source,. "Insufficient.".. 3^ . Limewa B hed . Jjjg-^. ! t JJjul, i — Sufficient None None None None Tanks - - Insufficient Muddy, 9 Weeks Good i T _ . . Tasted badly. ¦ I 528 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ )t n * M ; 335* Sufficient „ „ Bad „ „ ... j Drain- " " " 512 Insufficient „ „ None „ „ L „ M n In Public Works. 1157 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ - L n 7 Weeks „ Employed as Hospital Orderly in Public. Works. I W8 » ¦• » >•- » „ • - .. ? 9 Weeks „ — 628 Insufficient „ „ „ „ I Z .1 , „ n , 518 Sufficient „ „ „ „ v .1 „ „ >( . I 512 Insufficient „ „ „ „ n „ „ lWeek „ Employed as Hospital • . Orderly in Public Works. I — Sufficient „ „ „ „ J . „ „ _ Employed as Hospital .„ - Tn « fflMnnt ¦ «r , Orderly in Public Works. 512 Insufficient „ „ » „ J . « „ „ 1 Week 518 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ „ „ H j 518 „ „ „ „ „ n v n ( j 518 „ „ „ >, „ „ „ „ „ B I 518 „ „ „ » „ „ - „ „ „ n I 518 „ „ „ ? „ „ • - » » „ 512 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ . J „ „ n Employed as Hospital _ _ . . 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L „ „ „ n 528 „ „ „ ' „ „ „ • - • • „ . . 1, „ „ 512 , „ „ „ „ , „ , „ - - n » » » 518 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 518 „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ „ In Public Works. 512 Insufficient „ ? „ „ „ „ „ „ „ — — 512 „ n „ „ „ . „ fj J — — Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ „ — 518 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ . - „ „ 3 Weeks „ 528 Insufficient „ ? » „ „ „ „ „ „ In Public Works. 812 „ „ ? „ „ „ - - „ „ „ „ 480 Sufficient „ ? „ „ „ „ 1 Month „ ! m 7 - - » " 9Weeka » W^yiuPubUo^S 1 ! 84 Table XIV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths! Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. Floor ; where Number of Attacked : Nome of Patient. Age. " Ground," Room Date Date Date Date "Ist Floor," Barracks. Corps. or where attacked of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. "2nd Floor." | 1866. 1865. I Buena Vista - - 82nd Regiment, L.I. Pte. Joseph Howard - 27 5 October- — — — Ground 6 I Hut. Boom I Europa Hutment - - „ „ William Plant 19 5 „ - — — — „ 5 2' I Moorish Castle Prison - „ „ Peter Halliday 25 9 „ - — — — Prison — 1 Buena Vista ... „ Corp. Henry Paget 25 10 „ - — — — Ground 5 1 Hut. Room Buropa Hutment - - „ Pte. John Mateer 28 10 „ - — — — „ 2 i „ ... „ „ John Dawson 30 10 „ - — — — „ 52 „ - „ „ Thomas Boland 33 10 „ - — — — „ 1 l Buena Vista ... „ Corp. John Wright 25 11 „ . — — — ¦ Ist Floor 10 Soldier's Home - » Pte. James Shooter 25 — — 12 October - — Ground — Hut. Room. Europa Hutment - » Corp. Thomas Price 28 15 „ • — — — „ 1 l Buena Vista ... „ Serg. John Jones 37 15 „ - — — — „ 11 "Windmill Hill Prison - „ Pte. John Pugh 25 23 „ • — — — Prison — ; Buena Vista ... „ „ James Wilson 20 29 „ - — — — Ist Floor 11 ! Under Canvass, North Front - 2/22 nd Regiment - Corp. Francis M c Kenna 27 26 July • — — — Ground — — H.M.S. " Redpolo " A.B. James Thompson 29 — — 27 October — On board ~ ship. 1865. 1865. 1865. Catalan Bay Barracks - 86th Foot • - Pte. James Livings - 27 — — 3 September 3 September Ground Guard Room at Sandy Bay. Rosia Casemates • - ¦> • Serg. Patrick Currivan 38 — — 5 „ — Ist Floor 9 j Catalan Bay Barracks „ - Corp. Thomas Cullinan 23 — — 7 „ — Ground 1 „ „ Pte. James Flynn 33 — — 11 „ — „ 2 Hut. Room. Buena Vista Hutments „ • • „ JohnMaddock - 19 14 September — — — ?2 1 Windmill Hill Barracks • „ Patrick Byrne - 24 15 „ — — — „ 3 „ •.»•¦» Jeremiah Callanan 22 16 „ — 19 September — Ist Floor — Naval Hospital • >. .. Henry Kelly - 21 — — 24 „ — „ 16 Windmill Hill Barracks - „ „ Patrick Foohey - 24 — — 26 „ 26 September Ground 2 Windmill Hill Huts - „ - » Samuel Brown - 15 — — 4 October- — „ 20 Hut. Room. Buena Vista Hutments - „ > Corp. Boyd Magarrigle • 34 — — 5 „ 5 October- „ 11 „ „ Pte. Thomas Flood 19 — — 5 „ 6 „ ? 2 2 „ „ • - „ John Wilson - 25 5 October- — — — ?3 1 Windmill Hill Barracks „ - Serg. John Hamilton 29 6 „ — — — Ist Floor 10 Catalan Bay Barracks „ - - Pte. John Wall 19 6 „ — — — Ground 1 Hut. Room. Buena Vista Hutments * „ - „ Michael Rourke - 30 — — 7 October- 8 October- „ 11 Windmill Hill Barracks „ „ Mark Sinnott 25 — — 8 „ — „ Guard Room, OldNorthFronl „ -?-•„ Joseph Stanton -25 — — 9 „ 17 October- Ist Floor 11 Hut. Room. Buena Vista Hutments „ „ David Shannon 36 — — 9 „ 14 „ Ground 2 2 „ ? - - „ James Cumberland 23 12 October -— — — „ 2 1 I Hoorish Castle Prison • „ „ James Byrne 31 23 „ — — — „ No. 11 Cell I JU_ — J 1 APPENDIX. from Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Troops at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865 — continued. Any Nuisance experienced at the w . «„__,_ of ty . a m: ma nf a * t qi .i. General Cubic Stateof Time of Attack. Water Supply at the Tune of Attack. Feet per 1 before oomution Man Ventilation : tho Attack -^ .?\ I in Room Vmm Vrn _ Prom r»i«n«fe. Quality: had the w w S 1 f! 10 " fl Remabks. at the "Sufficient," ..fS?,.. From "Filthy From other «§,YSw&» "Gooc£" affected J?°° do J Time of "JSP. 8 , "La- Neigh- Whence derived. Sufficient « C i ea r» Room been barrack; Attack. '¦Insufficient." 1 " trineSt> , h bm^ ( Sources. "I»»^^totffi« ltoflTOhe "^V 1 | 628 Insufficient None None None None Tanks • - Insufficient Muddy, 1 month Good In Public Works. j tasted badly. | 518 Sufficient „ „ „ » •> „ „ „ „ ] 528 Insufficient „ » „ ¦>¦••¦- „ „ 5 weeks „ 518 Sufficient ? » » » * • .. » „ » In Public Works. 512 Insufficient „ „ „ » » • » ? „ „ 335J Sufficient „ „ Bad „ „ „ „ „ „ In Public Works. drainage. 518 „ „ n None •.»•-» » „ M [ 518 Insufficient „ „ ,» » » » .. » „ j 512 Insufficient » » >¦ » » • ¦> » 6 weeks „ — Sufficient _ _ _ — — — — . _ _ 22nd Regiment from Malta. I First case treated in 32nd I Hospital. j — Insufficient _.— — — — — — — _ Sailor from H.M.S. " Rodpole." J. K. Carr, M.D., Surgeon, 32nd Regiment, Light Infantry. On sentry Sufficient No Absence Yes None Reservoirs and Insufficient Quality differ- 3 weeks Indifferent Dirty population. Want of of la- pumps. ing from the latrines; and tainted meat trines. different pumps for some time to detachand reservoirs. ment. 1200 Insufficient » No » » » » » 14 days Bad From tidal deposit. 572 Sufficient >, Absence » » ¦> >» » 4 days Indifferent Dirty population. Want of of la- latrines; and tainted meat trines. for some time to detachment. 572 „ » » » » » » » 6 days „ 625 „ Surface No No „ » M ? 14 days Good Absence of water for flushdrain, ing purposes. J 354 Insufficient No „ •> » » » •• 6 days „ 349 „ „ n » » » » » 12 days „ 2840 Sufficient Yes ? » » » » ¦• 23 days Indifferent From numerous drains. 852 Insufficient No „ » » » •• >. 6 days Good * — 350 „ „ » » » •> - n 9 days „ 620 Sufficient Surface >. » ¦• ¦ » » 12 days n Absence of water for flush- ] drain. ing purposes. 625 „ „ » » » » M 8 days „ j 620 „ „ „ » . >• •• M 12 days „ „ „ 850 Insufficient No „ » ? » •> » 16 days „ 580 Sufficient „ Absence Yes „ •> M ¦> 21 days Indifferent Dirty population. Want of I of la- latrines; and tainted meat I trines. for some time to detach- I ment. I 625 M Surface No No „ » „ „ 14 days Good Absence of water for flush- 1 drain. ing purposes. On sentry „ No „ .. „ » » » 16 days „ j 356 Insufficient „ ? » ¦ ¦ » » 7 days H I 624 Sufficient Surface » » « » » •• 3 days „ Absence of water for flush- 1 drain. ing purposes. E 630 » » » ¦ » i. » 10 days „ „ •» 400 Insufficient No » .. m • ¦ 5 days „ ~— . J H. H. Jones, M.D., Surgeon, 86th Regiment. A*KBNl#fk I 86 Table XV. Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths from Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. pj^ | where Number of Attacked . Name of Patient. Age. ."^m^" ' Room . X , . Date Date Date Date "Ist Floor, j Where Quartered. Corps. ,of Attack, of Death. of Attack. of Death. «2nd Floor." 186&. 1865. 1866. 1805. Moorish Castle- - - Boyal Artillery - W.Percy -, - 6A 4 July - I- - - Ground 30 ! . C.Falkner - - 3 1 August - — — — » 8 j H ... „ - E.J. Baker • • 3A 12 „ ¦ '- — - » 32 j . A. Montgomery - • 1A 15 „ ¦ '— ~ — » 1 Off. Kitchen . E.Kemp . - 24 23 „ - — — — » 3C - E.Sandy - - 11A 23 „ - j- - : „ 40 j n „ -M. Smith . -33 26 „ ¦ — — — •• 9 ¦' - - - A. Thyme - 29 29 ;, — — • ¦ ~ " M ... „ - W. Smith - - H 29 „ ¦ - — — » si . A. E. Weeks • - *A lSeptember — — — „ 43 .• . ' - J . S.Taylor - - 1A l .. " — ~ _, - ¦„, ¦ 26 I - A.Montgomery., - 1* 4 „ - H - 1 Off. Kitchen ' .„ . . - „ - S.Mann - -¦ 26 4 „ - ~ — - » « & 6 „ ¦ C.Falkner - . 24 5 ? — - — •• 8 ... „ . W.Bmith - - H 6 „ - - - „ 34 I - J.Palkner ¦ • 2 6 „ — - - » 8 „ .. -A. Smith . - 13 5 „ — - ~ >• 34 I '" '., V:• • n - A. Silver 2ft 5 — - ~ •• l 3 i ... - T. Baker • - lOi't — — 8 September 10 September „ 32 - E.Moore - -. 6 9 M -.. - 4 » 42 „ „ - J.Moore - ** 9 - - - » „ E.J. Baker - - 8 10 „ — — — » 32 ... „ - M. Smith - 33 11 - - - » S 4 - M.Conolly - 35 12 - ... - - - 29 Prince Albert's Fort - - „ - J.Clarke - - 1 12 „ - - - » 10 Moorish Castle - » -M. Pearson - - 2A 12 „ — ~ — »• lx j . . A.Poultney - -29 12 m — - — : 2 j •„......:. „ - RPoultney 2A 18 — - — » 3 - F.Baker - - 10A 14 „ - . - ~ » 32 I „ - S.Buxton - 31 14 — . — — » 38 I . - E. Perfitt - -.32 — , — 15 September 15 September „ 15 j „ - O.Barny - 28 16 - - ~ » « „ . S.Perfltt- - 10A 16 — - - » 16 j „ ... „ -E. Kemp - -24 16 » —..{—. ~ » 8e ? . M. Chandler - 29 16 n — , — , - ? 37 .... „ - S.Buxton - v 81 » » - -. - ~ » » „ - M.Atchinaon - - 36 25 „ •- j — - » 28 ? . » -E. Harland - , - 1A 25 „ — — — » * \ "m • - ~ -A. Thyme - -2985 ? - - 4 » 23 » » -E. Sandy - - HA -> ~ 85 September 25 September . „,. 40 » ' • » - W.Hiokland -3A - — » j • ~ » 22 . . J.Anifar - - 8 — i— sbctoter- S October - „ ' 24 - n - J.Anifar - .84 -. — • • »• . 10 » ? » v „...!. . - M-Atchinson - -86 — — 10 !„ — ?, 28 I^ „ _ . „ . G.Falkner - - 8 25OctoW- - -" - . » 8 a * Tnii does not include a large number of cases of diarrhoea -which were so slight 87 IrnO j Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Soldiers' "Wives and Children at Gibraltar, during the Epidemic of 1865.* I Cubic State* ** **« SSSSST* *^ Water Supply at the Time of Att«*. 0-JgJ j Feet per — before Condition Inmate Ventilation: the Attack w . Pf WhT- 'Sufficient." ?/S,, ft«.|SBS yFromother. ..«*., W -^ o^f™' Time of oV"Gid " La - Nei 8 h " Whence derived. Sufficient, "dear" Room been <&«**«¦• Attack, "insufficient." \^ bog. Sources.! ..Insufficient." .^2Sb&." LUaewaBhe, „ „ - „ 505-8 Sufficient „ „ i „ „ „ - „ „ „ - „ 259 Insufficient „ „ „ » ' „ - „ ' „ „ - ¦¦'*"'• - — 651-8 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - „ - — 315-75 Insufficient » „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - „ 315-75 „ ' „ „ ' „ ¦»".,- » .. „ - ii | 835*25 Sufficient „ „ „ „ ; „ J „ „ „ - „ 288 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - „ 835*25 Sufficient „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - .. 800-'- Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ •• ¦¦ • - ¦ „ - „ „ - >. • — - 1«6 » No „ „ Breakwater „ - » » ? » 560 „ Yes „ „ None „ * » >. ? - > — — j 482*6 „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ ii 835*25 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - » ' 378 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ „ n „ •> — 271*428 „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - „ ! 809*6 » ....... •• In • » .. .. - » ! 271*428 „ „ „ „ „ „ . ?,.-.. j I 378 i* . • • h ~^-~ 844*5 Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ . „ „ „ • „ 362*25 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - » 762*6 Sufficient „ .... » „ - ' » ? » ¦ ». 218*427 Insufficient „ „ „ „ J „ - „ „ „ ¦ „ j 218*427 „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ „ - H — — ] as not to require more than a dose of castor oil or other like remedy. E. H. Blake, M.8., Surgeon-Major, Royal Artillery. ;¦¦;••• ; - . ¦ :.;¦' !•¦¦¦•¦ i ¦ 88 APPENDIX. Table XV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Deaths from Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. Floor — where Number of Attacked : Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Room Date Date Date Date " Ist Floor," Where Quartered. Corps. or where attacked of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. "2nd Floor." Cottage, North Front - - Royal Engineers - Mrs. Bloomfleld 24 — — 9 August - 11 August - Ground 14 „ „ „ - Eleanor Stacey - - 2 — — 16 „ 18 „ „ 4 Library Street ... „ - Alice Westacott 1 — — 16 September 24 September „ Library Street Married Quarters, Hargraves ? - Mrs. "Westacott 37 — — 12 „ 18 „ „ 3 „ „ „ - Mrs. Seward • 31 15 September — — — Ist Floor 3 „ „ H ' Mrs. Lockwood 33 15 „ — — — » 2 Engineer Buildings • » Mrs. Creighton 35 — — 17 September — Ground 2 Married Quarters, Hargraves „ - Mrs. Drew - - 36 19 September — — — Ist Floor 1 Barracks. No. 11 King's Bastion - ? - Mrs. Angus 23 20 „ — — — », v Sand Pitts • • » - Mrs. Spry •--86 20,, — — — Ground Sand Pits Library Street • • ? - Mrs. Wade ••3520,, — — — » Library Street Engineer Buildings • „ Alfred Springett 2 — — 23 September — » 1 House at Lime Kiln • „ • Mrs. Craig --33— — 24,, — •. Lime Kiln Crutchott's Ramp - - „ Mr. Hodson 30 -- — 29 „ — 2nd Floor 32 Married Quarters, Buona Vista „ - Sophia Batt 6 — — 29 „ 7 October - Ground Quarters j * Buena Vista. I Quarters near King's Bastion - „ - Mrs. Stevens 82 — — 3 October - 3 „ Ist Floor Quarters near j " King's Bastion. ! 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. I Casemate ... 2nd Bat. 15th Regt. Jane Lees • 40 10 August - — — — Ground $ ; [ „ .... „ Ann Kelly 30 10 „ — — — „ 5 !„.-•• „ Margaret O'Flaherty - 27 10 „ — — — „ 1 j „ .... „ AnnKeane 85 — — 30 August - 1 September 2nd Floor 23 | „ „ ElishaFahey 30 — — 6 September 6 „ „ 21 I King's Bastion ... „ Rose Tomlinson 37 6 September -• — — Ground 12 | Casemate .... „ Mary Ann McCormick 37 12 „ — — — Ist Floor 4 King's Bastion ... „ Mary Walch 29 12 „ — — — Ground 14 j | „ „ Jane Lees 40 13 „ — — — >¦ 12 j Wellington Front • „ Mary Smith 30 14 „ — — — „ 3 I Town Range • - „ Sarah Kenney ..2823,, — — — » I 1I 1 J Casemate ... „ Mary Kaveny 30 26 „ — — — >• 1 Camp, Windmill Hill ¦ . „ Ann Boyd - - 32 9 October - — — — „ Tents King's Bastion ... „ William Moore - 1 31 July — — — » * I North Front ... 1( William White • • 4ft — — 3 August - 3 August ¦ „ — Wellington Front - „ Mary Ann Smith • 1 4 August - 29 August — — „ 3 North Front ... n Jane Whito --95,, — — — » — Casemate ... „ HughFahey • - tV 20 „ 19 September — — 2nd Floor 21 1 Wellington Front - - „ George Smith 8 — — 26 August - 26 August . Ground 3 J Town Range ... „ John Kenney 1A 26 August — — — » 1 1 Casemate ... „ john E. Smith • - 3 31 „ 2 September — — 2nd Floor 22 ! „ .... n Lewis Blanc 1 81 „ 3 „ — — „ 14 Town Range ... „ Charlotte Smith 2 1 September — — — Ist Floor — King's Bastion ... „ Daniel Keane --86,, — — — Ground 11 „ - - - „ Michael Keane .-16,, ' — — "- » 11 „ „ John Stokes 2 — — 10 September 10 September „ 12 Casemate - - „ Frederick Kaveny - ©ft 10 September — — — 2nd Floor 17 King's Bastion ... „ Margaret Stokes - - 6A 13 „ — — — Ground 12 I Town Range ... „ Charles M. Kenney 1 — —16 September — „ 1 I I Camp, Windmill Hill • - „ Peter McKenna . • 4 , — — 16 ? — m Tent« [ ¦ A ppT? Vf^TlT 89 Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Soldiers' Wives and Children at Gibraltar— continued. Any Nuisance experienced at the w-tor «, mn w «t «m Timn nt Atf«u»fc ' General ! C«Uo State of Time of Attack. Water Supply at the Tune of Attack. £ hfrnate" Ventilation: the Attack w o5 _vu n ,._ ( §r .«**.- . ja,- *- -™* *— - -ssav- s »- s* 3J EEI "" 1 "- T *meof o?™r},i " La - Nei K h " Whence derived. Sufficient, -clear," Room been S'J?££ I S ! ! Attack. "Insufficient." *£$* trines ., Sources. "Insufficient .» .. T ' M «^ „ I*new«hed. "Indent," I Over 600 Insufficient No. No. No. No. Wells North Front Sufficient Tasted Badly 2 Months Bad Arrived from England about [übic feet. . December 1864. h » » » v ¦¦ » » Arrived from England on 4th October 1861. „ Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ Insufficient „ 3 Months Good Born in Gibraltar. m » !• , » » » ii ii v Arrived from Corfu lOtk 1 June 1864. H n „ H n ¦• •¦ » ii Arrived from England sth January 1860. ¦ ii •• i. „ •• m » ¦ ii •• Arrived from Corfu 10th June 1864. „ Insufficient » » » » » >» » •• Indifferent » ¦> Sufficient „ ¦,»»>• Good Arrived from England 4th " ........ - October 1861. „„„„„„ „ „ B 31 Months „ Native of Gibraltar. „ „ „ „ „ Well at Sand Pits Sufficient Good „ „ Arrived from England 4th " October 1861. „ „ „ „ „ „ Wells North Front Insufficient Tasted Badly „ •> Arrived from Corfu 10th " • June 1864. „ „ „ „ „ ? „ „ „ M Indifferent Born in Gibraltar. „ v ii v ii » *i » m » •• Arrived from Corfu 10th June 1864. ,i ii i, » i, ii h » .1 3| Months Good „ » „ » " Yes „ „ „ .. „ ? ? .. Arrhred from England about August 1860. v » No. h n » • mm ii » Arrived from England about sth January 1860. T. W. Fox, M.8., Surgeon, RE. 500 Insufficient None None None Unknown Tank • • Limited Depositing 3 Months Indifferent ; Sediment. 600 „ „ „ „ m „ • „' „ 3 h » 380 „ ¦¦ v ii it ii • * m » ' ii »• ~"~* 420 ,| ¦ ii ii ii ¦» n • • at ii 3 I, ii • I 620 „ Tes Yes „ „ ? „ „ 6 Months „ 500 „ None None „ „ „ • • „ ?4 „ >• 620 „ Yes Yes „ „ » • • » » 8 „ ? —— 380 n „ None „ „ „ • • H „ 5 Months ,¦ — 380 „ „ Yes Yes „ „ „ „ 6 „ Bad 500 „ None None None „ ?•••. .. 4 .. Indifferent | 180 Good „ „ „ „ „ „ „ Never Good 620 Insufficient Yes Yes „ „ „ * - „ „ 6 Months Indifferent 450 „ None None Yes Cemetery Well • - Sufficient „ 4 „ •• 880 „ Yes „ None Unknown Tank • • Limited „ 6 ¦• » mmm 450 „ None „ Yes Cemetery Well - - Sufficient ? 4 „ » — 420 „ „ „ None Unknown Tank • • Limited » 3 ? „ 380 „ Yes ? ,i „ „ ii » 6 „ » 380 „ „ Yes Yes „ „ • - „ „ 6 „ Bad 420 „ None None None „ „ „ „ 3 „ Indifferent 420 „ „ „ „ „ „ - „ „ 3 „ ? 500 „ Yes Yes Yes „ „ • - ? ? 6 .. Bad 620 „ „ „ None „ „ „ „ 6 „ Indifferent 620 „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 6 ? ii 620 „ „ „ „ i. • - .. » a » " 420 „ None None „ n „ - - „ „ 4 „ » «20 „ Yes Yes „ „ „ „ „ 6 „ » I 380 „ „ „ Yes „„..., 6 „ Bad | 180 Good None None Now „ < « Nerer Good — | Table XV.^SJiowijig the Sanitary Co^ditioa of affected Quarters, together with Caßes and DeatlJ I Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. ' Diarrhoea.' Cholera. ! Floor { — ' ; 1 AJ .y h ?_ re J Number of Attacked : Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Boom Date Date] Date Date "Ist Floor," 1 Where Quartered. Corps, or where attacks : of Attack. of Death. of Attack. of Death. "2nd Floor." Kea 1866. 1865. 1865. 1865. Town Range - - 2nd Bat. 15th Regt. Ester Bosely - - 2 18 September — — — Ist Floor 3 I : .. . .. ¦ ..,.., King's Bastion ... „ John Keane - - 1 23 „ 2 October - — — Ground 11 Town Range - •• Ester Bosely 2 — — 25 September 26 September Ist Floor 3 I "..„... i „ ? „ .... „ Edward Kenney - A 27 September — — — Ground 1 ....... . . . ,- ? Casemate -'¦ - .. Frederick Purcell 5 29 „ — — — „ 10 „ .... „ Margaret Purcell - - 8 19 October* — — — „ 10 ' ! •' 1865. 1865. " 1868. 1865. ! Buena Vista Hutments - • 86th Foot - - Mrs. Martha Bynne - 36 — — 4 September 5 September Ground 1 I Non-com.offlcci ' ' : ' I ' __ . •»»¦! I —,*.,, i , , i.u't ' -,'.r r" „ . •< M . < - Mrs. Mary O'Callaghan 27 — — • 28 „ — „ •• 1 I Windmill Hill Huts - - .» - ' ¦ J,ohn Rennison - ¦" A 3 June - 5 June - I— _ . „ - f- I Windmill Hill Barracks- - ? - - Francis Doyle - - 4 — — 20 September 21 September Ist Floor 10 Naval Hospital • „ - - Joseph M'Dermott • 1A — — 26 „ 26 September „ Hospital • ] Sergeants' ¦°* -' --¦ ¦¦¦¦ Quarters. , . . „ .•< . James M'Dermott - 3A 26 October- - I— - „ ¦¦¦ ' ' 1885. 3865. 1865. 1865. S f I Camp, Windmill Hill - - 78th - - - Mrs. J. Einniburgh - 27 1 September — — — Tent ¦ _ n . . B .. Mrs. C. M'Conncll 88 ! — — 17September 18September „ ¦ . . „ '. . - Mrs. W. Motherw ell - 84 4Octobßr . — — — § - ¦ Huts, Windmill Hill - - „ • - - Mrs. R. Qunken -26 WOotober- — — — 1"| x I Camp, Windmill Hill - „ • - • Mary Jane Mosely x ii "20 August -14 September — — P§* ¦¦¦ Tent I n . „ • • Samuel Craddock « 2 3Sep~tember — — < — „ I n ... Daniel Will - - 1A ... 30 October- — — J^ „ ¦ '„ . „ - -' ' • Robert Borthwiok -59,; — — — „ „ „ . „ ... , » James Simple r • 8 ; 11 „ — — — Sis „ „ „ ...... George Gunn - ; - A 2* » 9 October- — — |,| "I „ „ .-„..- CampbeU M'Callum - 24 October -? „ — — Jj§ "I Huts, Windmill Hill - „ - - - I William John Martin *' ' SA" — — 18 October- 19 October- "«jj f M „ „ ' - ? - - - Mary A. Duncan • - 1 18 October - — — . — £¦ ? Huts, Buena Vista - - „ - "• - James Potter - - 1A 29 „ ¦ ; —•¦ — — ? „ „ • - „ - - Hugh MotherweU 3 28 .„ - — - J I ? Very many more cases of simple diarrhoea among the women and children occurred vhjch were not registered. Treated in camp, at the dispensary. I I I a^Mdijl 91 liMrom Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Soldiers' Wives and Children at Gibraltar, kc— continued. I AnyNulwnceemeriencedatthe Water Supply at the Time of Attack. * General ¦ Cubic State of Time of Attack. w How long Sanitary ¦ ¦pwtper — — ¦- before Condition H inmate Ventilation: ' the Attack < ¦, . Iffi" "Sufficient," ..£%,. *«» "Sy From other „%**&„ W X& '^J' \ J Time of .'.V" 11 * "La- Neigh- Whence derived. cie.it, "Clear," Room been 9"? rUI . r ?, : I Att^k. "Insumcient." »'££s¦ trhu^ Sources. "Insufficient." ..^ffl;,, Swashed. ..^^ J I 500 Insufficient Yos Yes Yes Unknown Tank • - Limited Depositing 6 Months - Bad ¦ sediment. I 620 „ „ „ Nono „ ? .. 6 „ - „ I 400 „ None None None „ „ - - » » 4 ? - Indifferent C. G. IKWIN, M.8., Surgeon, 2nd Bat., 15tli Kegiment. 874 Sufficient Surface No No None Reservoirs and Insufficient Quality differ- 14 Days - Good Absence of water for flush[drains. pumps. ing from the ing purposes. " ¦ ¦ different pumps . .. and reservoirs. 1375 ~ Insufficient „ „ „ „ ~ „ „ • „ 16 „-. Indifferent Insufficient ventilation. 600 • „ „ „ „ ? ? „ - „ 10 „ „ • - ,—;, — ; _ — vj . . H. H. Jones, M.D., Surgeon, 86th Regiment. . : , , , , . , _ j _ . . — Sufficient No No No No Tank • - Sufficient Good — Good Had several attacks of Diarrhoea. j ; i " i " " " " " " " " " ; 320 Insufficient „ „ „ „ „ - • » » • f " „ Had several attacks of Diarrhoea. — Sufficient „ „ „ „ „ - - ? » — >, This child was much weakened by an attack i i : " of Pertussis. — „ « „ ii „ „ • » » — » This child had Chronic I Hydrocephalus. I— w . ». «•« - »- » •...- ,» v — » Sequel of Whooping CoughJ — i, m » » ..»--.. h — ii Oholeraio Diarrhoea. 250 „ „ „ „ H • • h ? ? „ After Whooping Cough. I 800 „ „ „ „ „ „ ? lODays - „ „ „ 300 ? „ mm » «• * * » » 10 » ' » v » Indeed few of this class escaped slight attacks of bowel complaint. They were much exposed to atmospheric changes, and perpetually eating trash. | L. C. Stewart, Surgeon-Major, 78th Highlanders. 92 Table XV. — Showing the Sanitary Condition of Affected Quarters, together with Cases and Death. Occupation when the Epidemic appeared. Diarrhoea. Cholera. . where Number of Attacked : Name of Patient. Age. "Ground," Room Date Eate Date Date "Ist Floor," Where Quartered. Corps. ofDcath .^"^ „ where attacked. Sergts. Room, 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. Hut. Room Europa Hutments - - 32nd Regiment L. I. Mrs. Ann E. Robinson - 28 10 October- - — - Ground 5 l EuropaPass • » Mrs. Mary Alderton - 22 11 „ - — — — » 14 Soldiers' Home - - - » Mrs. Emma Cartledge - 21 - — 11 October ¦ 13 October - - ! „ Mrs. Jane Shooter 25 11 October - — — — » — . _ . m Mrs. Elizabeth Marchant 35 11 , • — — » — EuropaPass - « Mrs. Mary Robmson - 21 12 „ • — — — » 8 Hut. Room. Europa Hutment - - - .. Richard F. Foster - 2 ~ - 25 September 26 September „ 4 1 EuropaPass - - William E. Robinson - 4 9 October- 10 October- — — ? 8 Soldiers' Home - - . Harriet Cartledge - 5 - - 11 October -20 October- „ - n „ Joseph Cartledge 3 — — U „- 19 ? ¦ » — j . . m James Marchant - 5 11 October- — — — .. — EuropaPass - • Bridget Shea 4 11 „ - — — — .. 13 n „ James Balm 8 11 „ - — — — » 19 ...•».'• „ Elizabeth Alderton i'j 11 » - — — ~" » 14 Soldiers' Home • • Harriet Shooter -2 11,,-— — — » •" w . . • n Jane Shooter ••4I1 M «— ~ •" » •- Hut. Room. Europa Hutment ... n Edward J.Barr - 3 - - 12 October- 12 October- „ 1 2 J Joseph F. Barr • • 1 11 October- 17 October- — — „ 1 2 Soldiers' Home • • » Clara Cartledge • A 12 » ' "" ~ » "* 1865. 1865. Naval Hosnital - • • 2/23 rd • • Lizzie Greenslade - i& — — 12 October - 13 October - Ground Hospital n.uiu nuapitcu i Serjeants Quarters. South Barrack ¦ Caroline Bennett -27 - - 15 „- 16 w 2nd Floor JjjK. I APPENDIX. 93 ¦ from Diarrhoea and Cholera among the Soldiers' Wives and Children at Gibraltar, &c. — continued. I AnyNui^e% e fKk C C ° datthe Water Supply at the Time of Attack. General A Cubic State of lime of Attack. How long £™}\?W ¦ Feet per — ' ' before Condition ¦ Inmate Ventilation: I the Attack ~. ?\ n „„ ¦ in Room ' v v From Oll .,. titv . Quality: had the Neighbour- Remabks. ¦ at the "Sufficient," „&„ * lorn "Filthy From other „ 9 U « "W-,, affected hood of ¦ Time of o ?™rl,i " La " Neigh- Whence derived. Sufficient "Clear." Room been Q^^} I ?,' ¦ Attack. "Insufficient." ]__,» triruxv .. bour- Sources. "tn«nm7.iPTif " "Muddy," Limewashed. «, T W od > . „ m leys. tnnes. hood » Insufficient. « T M tcd badly." Indifferent," ¦ Bad. m 588 Sufficient None None None None Tanks - - Insufficient Muddy 1 Month • Good ¦ Tasted badly ¦ Drain-336t „ „ „ Bad „ „ - - „ „ 5 „ - „ Drainago. 8351 „ „ „ Bad „ „ - - 5 „ - Drain- , 518 „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ 1 Month - I J. K. Care, M.D., Surgeon, 32nd Regt. Light Infantry. 1274 Insufficient No No No No Collected in tanks Sufficient Good 3 Months Good The room in which this from roof of child was attacked is I building. decidedly the worst von| tilated in the Hospital. I 940 Sufficient „ „ „ „ , » >, 1 Month „ This woman was attacked I immediately after having I been in attendance on I the above-mentioned child. The greater part of the women and children were quartered ( in the upper floor of a two-storied wooden hut at Rosin, airy and well ventilated, and enjoyed a peculiar immunity [ from sickness during the epidemic. B. Tydd, Surgeon, 2/23 rd R.W.F. N 94 APPENDIX. No. XVI. Report and Recommendations of Special Board of Inspection on the North Front, April 1866. To his Excellency Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Airey, X.C.8., &c. &c. &c. The Special Board of Inspection on the North Front appointed by your Excellency, and consisting of Col. Bent, R.E., President, Dr. Rutherford, Principal Medical Officer and Inspector of Health, Asst. Corny. Genl. Crookshank, the Garrison Quartermaster, H. Macdonald, Esq., E. Roberts, Esq., R.E.D., F. Francia, Esq., Chairman of the Sanitary Commissioners, B. Carver, jun., and M. A. Pitman, Esqrs., Sanitary Commissioners, H. Stokes, Esq., Officer of Health, and Rev. Geo. Alton, Secretary to the Board, assembled according to appointment at the Sanitary Commissioner's Office on the 2d April, and decided on the day and manner of proceeding. On the 4th April they all assembled by agreement at the North Front, and commenced their duty at the line of buildings immediately under the Rock, consisting chiefly of married quarters belonging to the Royal Engineers-, and a few sheds. The soilpit attached to the privy used in common by the occupants of these dwellings was found to be full and insufficiently covered, so that its gases were allowed to escape; the privy is out of repair ; there is an entire absence of drainage, and all the slops and foul water are thrown on the open ground around, and allowed to escape by soaking into the sand.* Some of these buildings are also badly ventilated, but they were found generally in a cleanly state.f Continuing their course by the Devil's Tower guardhouse they found the privy for the use of the guard, and one for the use of working parties employed at this point, in an offensive state, and without any means of drainage.^ They then proceeded in order in a northerly direction through the line of buildings on the Eastern beach, carefully inspecting them in detail. Slaughter-houses. There are two, one for the use of the government contractor, and the other for the use of civilians generally. These are stone buildings with wooden roof covered with Seville tiles ; the floors are of stone flags, laid with very open joints ; each house has three doors in the external walls, and two windows which are closed by shutters. The roofs are quite close and air-tight, and the windows and doors so close to the ground as to leave by far the largest part of the cubic space without ventilation. From each building is an open semicircular drain running towards the sea, but terminating in the sand. These drains receive all the washings from the floors, including a large part of the blood and excrement of the animals slaughtered, the whole of which is absorbed in the sand at a considerable elevation above high-water mark, and left to decompose under the influence of the hot sun. The drains are very lai-ge, about 18 inches in diameter, built of thin Spanish bricks laid in very sandy mortar, the joints of which are washed out, and which absorb large quantities of the impure substances intended to be conveyed away by the drain. The drains, — or more correctly the open trenches which are called drains, — are all so defective in their construction that they are more generally mere ditches closed for many yards with sand at the end, where they ought to have a good clear outlet. Water for the slaughter-houses is supplied from pumps within the walls, and probably from wells immediately below. The pump belonging to the civil slaughter-house is so old and defective that a supply of water can only be obtained by great labour and trouble. Adjoining each slaughter-house is an enclosed yard, the surface of which is laid with rough cobble stones, but in such a manner that it is impossible to keep it quite clean. The civil slaughter-house has a small compartment divided off by a wall for the special use of the Jews, but it partakes of all the defects of the others. Tripe house and yard. E These premises, used for the preparation of tripe and the rendering of fat, consist of a low house d yard surrounded by low sheds, and are marked D 4 on annexed plan. The whole condition of these premises is so filthy as to be a disgusting nuisance. Immediately outside this place, and along the beach for a considerable distance, trenches have been dug in the sands in different directions for burying bones, refuse from the tripe and slaughter-houses, and entire carcases in great numbers. The spectacle was horrible in the extreme, and the stench for yards away insupportable. The bones so buried are exhumed periodically for exportation, and at the time of the inspection there were several large heaps of putrid remains of fleshy substances still adhering to them and in course of decomposition. The malaria is so abominable as to have obliged persons taking exercise to diverge from the carriage line of the beach at a distance from the locality. * 1. The cesspit will be emptied, and no nuisance allowed to exist.— (Signed) G. Alton, Secy, t 2. Additional ventilation has since been provided.— (Signed) G. A., Secy. % 3. Reconstruction as water latrines is under consideration of Secretary of State for War when funds are available.— (Signed) G. A., Secy. Cattle Sheds in charge of Mr. Mateos and others. These premises are marked F 9, F 10, F 11, and F 12 on annexed plan. The floor of the cattle shed F 9 in charge of Mr. Mateos is below the level of the surrounding ground, and very roughly paved ; the roof is altogether without ventilation, and there is very little round the sides. From this there is an open drain, not lined in any way, which runs by a sinuous line below the Eastern beach road, and terminates in the sand. Ehe other buildings F 10, 11, and 12 are used partly as cattle sheds or stables by private individuals, partly as dwellings. They are also used as stores for bones, hides, hoofs, horns, and other animal se, of which there is a large accumulation in every possible part. At times a great number of pigs are kept in these sheds, which are also slaughtered in deference to the prejudices of the Jewish community. There exist however no suitable conveniences of any kind for slaughtering. The sanitary defects and evils of these premises are radical, and very great. The buildings are constructed chiefly in the form of hollow squares, the interiors of which are to a tmall extent open, but the sides are all roofed in. These open spaces, from which alone they receive ir and light, are very small. They are all of, them greatly below the level of the surrounding ground, in some instances as much as three feet, and invariably without drains. They are therefore always flooded in wet weather, and the water which accumulates in them remains until it soaks into the sandy soil, leaving its impurities behind in the crevices and on the surface of very roughly cobble paved floors. Government Cattle Sheds. These buildings, marked D 1 on the plan annexed, consist of a series of open quadrangles, surrounded by low roofed sheds, bounded by a close wall ; one of these quadrangles is partially paved, but the other has no paving whatever. The drainage runs into the surrounding sandy soil, and its effect is seen in an extensive sort of marsh, which cannot safely be traversed in dry weather, and in wet is wholly impassable. The malaria arising therefrom is often very offensive. At the north-west corner is an offensive privy, with a soilpit outside, which is full and running over, and has done so for a long period.* Government Mule and Mule Drivers Sheds. These, marked B 1 and 2 and D 1 and 2 on the plan, are in as good cleanly condition as the nature and locality of the structures admit. They are, however, entirely without drainage, as what at first sight appears to be a drain is a simple ditch, much higher towards the end, where the outlet should be, than it is in the centre or at the opposite end, so that the drainage is discharged by gradually soaking into the sand. Wash-houses. These are situated at the north and north-west angle of the General Cemetery, and marked A 5 and Fl 4 on the annexed plan. They are of comparatively large dimensions, constructed of wood, and apparently old. They are used for washing the bedding of the troops. The drainage is intended to soak into the sandy soil of the isthmus, and there is no doubt that to a very great extent this is unfortunately the case; but during the wet season, when the ground is saturated with rains, and is unable to receive the large quantities discharged from them, it runs through a drain, and is collected in a large open ditch or cesspit aboui 50 feet long by 5 feet wide and 3| feet deep, just inside the boundary wall of the Cemetery, where it produces an intolerable nuisance, and creates most pernicious malaria. Its condition at the time of the inspection was filthy to an extreme degree. During the late epidemic three fatal cases of cholera occurred here, and the locality is in close proximity to the cricket ground and the ground for rifle practice. Part of the operation of washing is carried on outside the huts on the open ground, and all the filthy water is allowed to soak away, but frequently large stagnant pools cover the adjoining grassy surface. Dog Kennels belonging to the Calpe Hunt. There is an open drain running out upon the grass, and a dirty, unpaved, and offensive yard between the keeper's house and the kennel. The Gardens. These plots of land, marked I 4 on the annexed plan, are of very great utility to the garrison, and were generally found in good order, with the exception of several stables badly paved, or without pavement and filthy. In each of the gardens, as in many places on the North Front, a large accumulation of bones was found. The sheds and other erections on the Western beach were found in generally good order, but without drainage. This part of the North Front is an encamping ground of troops when required by the exigencies of the service. . ; The Inner Bay and Inundation. Part of the permanent defences of the North Front is a deep cut at the centre of the causeway, extending some distance into the Inner Bay. This excavation has become filled up with seaweed and other matter from the water, which deposit of filth decays and emits a very bad smell. * 4. Since emptied. — (Signed) G. A., Secretary. N 2 95 96 APPENDIX. The Wet Ditch. The water retained in this ditch soon becomes foetid, and emits offensive effluvia. The Board has kept in view the convenience and necessity to the garrison and the civil population of Gibraltar of buildings at the North Front for such uses as the existing constructions are applied to. They have also made due allowance for the filthy nature of the indispensable trades or works conducted in some of them. But these considerations have only deepened their conviction that the public health imperatively requires the adoption of extensive plans of improvement, so that every possible evil and danger may be avoided in the carrying on of such services or trades as the stalling of cattle, slaughtering, tripe cleansing, &c. Recommendations. Your Excellency will have gathered from the preceding statement that some radical means are required to deal with the existing state of things, and to provide an effectual remedy. Indeed the Board of Inspection is unanimously and strongly of opinion that nothing can effect a permanent and satisfactory improvement in the sanitary condition of the North Front short of removing all objectionable buildings upon it, and re-arranging them upon better principles on a higher level, and providing them all with good drainage and a plentiful supply of water, for all of which there are ample facilities. ¦ ? ' ' ' . This measure we earnestly recommend to your Excellency to be carried out with as little delay as possible. In accordance therewith, and to facilitate its accomplishment, we further respectfully recommend that your Excellency should cause to be prepared at once a comprehensive scheme for this, consisting of a block plan of all such buildings as are required or that may be desirable to be erected there for the use of the garrison and the civil population of Gibraltar, together with all necessary details and estimates, making provision for suitable drainage and a plentiful supply of water, together with suggestions as to the manner in which the cost of the works should be met m whole or in part. But as this measure will require time to carry out and perfect, the Board will proceed to recommend such temporary improvements as can be effected in order to mitigate in some degree the nuisances which they have described. . The following measures they recommend lor immediate adoption betore the coming hot season sets in * tl. That persons having bones and other animal refuse stored on any part of the North Front be quired to remove them forthwith, and that in future they be not allowed to accumulate in buildings above ground, or in open spaces ; that the government contractor and all private dealers in cattle and slaughterers, &c. be required to deposit or otherwise dispose of them subject to regulations to be made by the Sanitary Commissioners. ' . '" , 2. That where bones, &c. are already buried the ground be not opened for their exhumation, except between the Ist December and 31st March, without permission in writing from the Sanitary Commissioners, nor then without such permission. # S. That a 9-inch pipe drain be laid down from the slaughter-houses, to be run into the sea four feet below low-water mark, the floors to be made watertight, the roofs and walls to be ventilated, and good serviceable pumps to be provided. ... 4. That the tripe house be well ventilated, the yard repaved, and a pipe dram connected with the main from the slaughter-houses. . 5. That the private cattle sheds and other adjacent buildings be properly cleansed, and a pipe drain to be connected with the main as above, as far as the low level of these premises will admit of drainage. 6. The washing sheds we recommend to be removed forthwith, and that they be reconstructed temporarily in some more suitable locality, which will admit of proper drainage. The existing drain and cesspit to be cleaned out at once, and filled in with earth and lime. 7. That no person be allowed to keep or slaughter pigs on the North Front without written permission from the Sanitary Commissioners, and that the piggeries be frequently inspected. 8. That means be taken by the proper authority to remove the nuisance to the public occasioned by the accumulation on the strand at Bay side of filth and seaweed, and in the deep cut in the centre of the causeway, also the wet ditch under the drawbridge at the west place of arms. The Board of Inspection beg to state for the information of your Excellency that an application from Mr. Domingo Danino for permission to rebuild two of the sets of premises has been referred to them, but they do not feel that they can do more than report the fact, with the remark that this application may indicate one means of obtaining the object which has been submitted to your Excellency, namely, the entire re-construction of all necessary buildings on a well considered plan. Approved and adopted by the undersigned in Gibraltar, the 23d day of May 1866, with remarks 1 to 4 at foot of pages 86 and 87. (Signed) Geo. Bent, Colonel, R. Engrs. W. Rutherford, M.D., Dy. Inspr. Genl. Alex. Ceowder Crookshank, A.C.G. H. Macdonai.d, Gn. Qr. Master. Edw. Roberts. Francis Francia, jun. Benj. Carver, jun. M. A. Pitman. Horatio Stokes, Officer of Health. Geo. Alton, Secretary. 97 APPENDIX. No. XVII. Condition of the Cemetery. To S. Freeling, Esquire, Colonial Secretary. Sir, Sanitary Commissioners Office, Gibraltar, 26th April 1866. The Sanitary Commissioners have the honour to represent, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, that they have on several occasions had under their consideration the insalutary condition of the General Cemetery, resulting in part from the crowded state of one portion of it, and n part from the absence of any proper regulations for interments, and authority to enforce them. The west side has long been so full as to have made it the subject of frequent complaint that it was difficult to dig a grave without the certainty almost of cutting into two or three others. Painful and even disgusting sights are therefore often witnessed, and in consequence of the nature of the ground, being chiefly loose sand, and its little elevation above low-water level, rendering it impossible in the summer to dig lower than about five feet, and in winter from three to four feet on the average, together with other circumstances connected with the climate, the atmosphere for weeks together is charged with most offensive effluvia. The Commissioners do not think it necessary to enlarge on this statement, as His Excellency will be sure to appreciate its importance in relation to the sanitary measures which it suggests. But they cannot withhold the expression of their sense of the danger to the public health which is now occasioned, and fearfully so during the hot months, by the friends of deceased persons assisting at their interment at such a place. It must also be a source of constant peril to those who seek recreation or exercise, whether military or civil, at the North Front. A partial remedy for some of the existing evils might no doubt be obtained by enlarging the cemetery on the western side, but it would be only partial, and would leave untouched the defect from which the evils described have in a great measure resulted, that is to say, the absence of proper regulations for interments and authority to enforce them. The Commissioners are moreover of opinion, in which they believe His Excellency will fully concur, that only the strongest necessity ought to induce an enlargement of the cemetery, and then only after exhausting every other practicable means of relief. Indeed, it is impossible to effect any enlargement without seriously curtailing the only available space for recreation and exercise. Under these circumstances the Commissioners unanimously and very respectfully recommend to the approval of His Excellency the Governor that the General Cemetery and the Jewish Cemetery should be vested in them as a public body, and that they should be empowered to make and alter byelaws from time to time, subject to the approval of the Governor, for the proper preservation of the ground and the regulation of interments. A small fee on every interment would enable them, by the application of suitable methods, to provide for many years to come good, sufficient, and safe means of interment for the dead, without danger and without offence to the living. I have, &c. (Signed) Geo. Alton, Secretary. No. XVIII. Statk of Vaccination in Districts 25 and 27, Gibraltar. Said to have Not vaccinated, m . XT , been vaccinated, and said „ . . To J a^, u , niber Districts. and hitherto hitherto not to Have had of Children not to have had have had Smallpox. under Smallpox. Smallpox. 16 Years of Age. 25 180 63 156 399 27 161 44 154 359 341 107 310 758 (Signed) F. Solly .Flood, Gibraltar, 19th October 1866. Police Magistrate. Table XIX. — Return showing the Number of Ships, &o. placed in Quarantine in the Pokt of Gibraltar on account of the occurrence of Cholera in Ports or Countries whence such Ships cleared, between Ist January 1865 and 30th September 1866. Date of TSriimhfir of Number of Days Number of *S- NameofShip. NT n T - whence^ d^ »£s££*>» at atyTSort 1 *™ 8 - Gibraltar. at bribraltar. before Arrival. while in Quarantine. 1865 ' Cases. Deaths. June 26 Rhone 943 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in None. (Not ad- - - Has a foul bill of health from Alexanquarantine. mitted at dria. for cholera. Two deaths on t ho Malta.) passage from Alexandria to Malta. 28 Italian - - 1560 Do. do. - Do. do. - Do. • - Has a foul bill of health from Alexandria for cholera. July 1 Tarifa - - 1458 Alexandria, Malta, and Do. do. - ¦ Hrfs a foul bill of health from Alexan- Marseilles. . dria for cholera. Late master died after leaving Alexandria. Has three men sick ; two with bowel complaint. 4 Danube 942 Alexandria, Malta Do. do. ¦ • Has a foul bill of health from Alexandria. 5 Ellora • - 1070 Do. do. • Do. do. ----- - - Had two deaths from cholera on tho passage. Arrived with several cases of diarrhoea and one of dysentery. 0 Morocco - - 1267 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- • - With a foul bill of health from Alexandria. 6 Gibraltar Lighter, 20 At anchor in the bay- Seven - - Placed in quarantine, having received No 41 cargo of thej above vessel Str. Morocco." 6 Syria - • 1970 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in — — — - * quarantine. 6 Victoria - - 44 Gibraltar vessel at Seven - - Placed in quarantine, having received anchor in the bay. three passengers from the " Syria." 6 Wwern - - 586 Alexandria, Malta, None; sailed in None. (Ordered - - • One of the passengers died on the pas- Malaga, quarantine. away at Ma- sage from Alexandria to Malta, and laga.) another immediately after landing at the Lazaretto at Malta. 7 lonia - - 943 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - — — -— 9 Dalmatian - 1692 Do. do. ¦ Do. do. - * - - With a foul bill of health for cholera, from Alexandria. Hod a death on board on 3rd instant. Landed a sick man at the Lazaretto at Malta. 10 Grecian - - 1555 Do. do. Do. do. - - With foul bill of health from Alexandria. Landed a sick man at the Lazaretto at Malta. 14 Luxor - - 1212 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bill of health from Alexandria. Master states that a lady passenger died, on passage to Gibraltar, of dysentery. 15 Crimean - - 1002 Do. do. - Do. do. - — — 17 Nyanza - - 1481 Do. do. Do. do. - - Malta's bill of health of 12th instant states that there are some cases of sporadic cholera there. A passenger died on 9th instant from cholera. 17 Victoria - - 44 Gibraltar ; vessel at Seven ¦ ¦ Placed in quarantine, having received anchor in the bay. a passenger from the " Nyanza." 20 Frisia - - 160 Alexandria - - None; sailed in - Left Alexandria before the cholera quarantine. broke out. 21 Sahara - - 1073 Alexandria, Malta - l)o. do. ----- - - Foul bills of health from Alexandria and Malta for cholera. 21 Palikari - - 891 Alexandria - - Do. do. - . - - - - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 22 Tiber - - 980 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - , - - - - - - Foul bills of health for cholera. 23 Taumalipas - 335 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 24 H.M.S. Wanderer - - Malta, Carthagena - Do. do. - Not admitted at — Carthagena. 25 Dido - - 1125 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bills of health for cholera. 26 Justitia - - 615 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 28 Hector - - 1295 Alexandria Do. do. - - Foul bill of health from Alexandria. 31 Atlantic - - 1111 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Has foul bills of health from Alexandria and Malta. Landed a sick mun at the Lazaretto of Malta. A muu died on board on 27th instant. 31 Delta - - 1019 Do. do. - Do. do. - - With foul bills of health. Aug. 1 Victoria - ¦ 44 Gibraltar ; vessel at Seven - - Placed in quarantine for receiving onn . anchor in the bay. passenger from the above steamer v Delta." 3 Milan - - 736 Alexandria, Malta - None; sailed in ... - - With foul bills of health for cholera. quarantine. 4 Ceylon - - 1374 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. 5 Poonah - - 1477 Do. do. - Do. do. •«,'.¦! D J?-. *. do C . 5 Giacomo - - 250 Gibraltar ; vessel at Seven None. None. Placed in quarantine, having received anchor in the bay. two passengers from the •' Poonah." 6 Calpe - - 1134 Trieste, Alexandria, None ; sailed in - - • With foul bills of health from Alexan- Malta. quarantine. dria and Malta. 6 Gibraltar Lighter. 20 At anchor in port - Seven None. None. Received the cargo of the above steamer No 41. "Calpe." 9 Palestino - - 936 Smyrna, Malta - - None ; sailed in - - - - With foul bills of health for cholera quarantine. ' from Smyrna and Malta. 15 French Govern- - - Marseilles, Valencia, Do. do. - Not admitted at - - - Foul bill of health for cholera from ment steamer Malaga. Valencia nor Marsedles. DixDecembre. Malaga. . _L,., . ? .„ „, , it . 1G Ripon - - 1398 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - With foul bills of health for cholera. 16 Victoria - - 44 Gibraltar vessel at Seven None. None. Placed in quarantine, having received anchor in bay. two passengers from the " Ripon." 18 Delaware - - 287 Alexandria - - None; sailed in - - - Foul bill of health. Has a man sick. quarantine. 19 Kedar - - 1212 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Foul bills of health for cholera. 20 Isis - - 1436 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. 21 Ella Constance - 422 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. 22 Rhone 145 Smyrna - Do. do. - - - - - - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 22 Persian - - 1770 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- • - Has foul bills of health from Alexandria and Malta. Had a death on tho passage to Malta. 22 Cairo - 905 Kustendjio, Constau- Do. do. ----- - - With foul bills of health for cholera tinople, Malta. from Constantinople and Malta, dated 11th and 16th instant. 23 Euxine - - 720 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bills of health from Alexandria and Malta. 24 Bodotria - - 151 Smyrna - - - Do. do. - - - - - - Has a foul bill of health for cholera. 24 General Sale - 337 Alexandria - - Do. do. - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 24 Forest Queen - 288 Marseilles - - Do. do. ----- - - Has a foul bill of health for cholera. 25 Canada - - 995 Alexandria - - Do. do. ¦ - Brings foul bill of health for cholera. 86 Jarrow - - 414 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Brings foul bills of health for cholera. 27 Redentore - 190 Sulina, Constantinople Do. do. - - - - - - - - With a foul bill of health for cholera. 27 Memnon - - 927 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - ' Foul bills of health for cholera. 27 Saida - - - 1019 Do. do. - Do. do. - ¦ Do. do. 27 Peru - - 1261 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 27 Victoria - - 44 Gibraltar; vessel at Seven ... - - None. None. Do. do. anchor in the bay. 27 Fessonia - - 260 Sulina, Constantinople None ; sailed in - - Foul bill of health from Constantiquarantine. nople. Aug. 27 Witch ... 237 Alexandria - - None; sailed in - - Has a foul bill of health for cholera. quarantine. 28 Woodsken - 312 Constantinople ¦ I>o. do. - " Do. do. Table XIX. — Return showing the Number of Snips, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, &c. — continued. Date of « . , Number of Days Number of A^val Nameofship . *£ JSI at sXXt °%&%%ti2t Gibraltar. at Gibraltar. before Arrival. while in Quarantine. 1865. Cases. Deaths. Aug. 28 Livinstone - - 265 Alexandria - - Nono ; sailed in ¦ - Has a foul bill of health for cholera. quarantine. 28 St. Angelo - 318 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. ----- • " Has a foul bill of health from Constantinople. 28 Andonucio - - 185 Do. do. - Do. do. - * Do. do. 28 Prince of Wales - 191 Alexandria, Malta Do. do. - - Brings foul bill of healths for cholera. 28 Hawk - - 130 Galatz, Constantinople Do. do. - - Has foul bill of health from Constantinople. 28 Norfolk Hero - 157 Smyrna - - - Do. do. - - Has a foul bill of health from Smyrna. 28 Luchino 537 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Has foul bill of health from Constanli• nople. ¦28 Margaret • - 214 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. noplo. 29 Athenian - - 344 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 29 Forest Fairy - 91 Smyrna - - Do. do. - - Has foul bill of health from Smyrna. 30 Lauguedoc 329 Marseilles - - Five None. None. Has a foul bill of hoalth from Marseilles. 31 Reine Margarite 296 Marseilles - - None; sailed in - - - - - - Brings a clean bill of health of the 4th quarantine. instant ; but sailed on 9th, one day after cholera -was noted on bills of health. 31 Atlas - - 1219 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Brings foul bills of health for cholera. 31 Colleen Baw.i - 281 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Foul bill of health from Constantinople, nople. 31 Henry and Dora - 117 Valencia - - Do. do. - - - - - - - With foul bill of health for cholera of 18th instant. Sept. 1 Pauline - - 226 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. - - - - - - - With foul bill of health from Constantinople, tinople. 1 Bolhia - -' 313 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Do. do. nople. 1 Solitario - - 184 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. ----- - ¦ Do. do. tinople. 1 Millbank - - 547 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ¦ - Has foul bills of hoalth. 2 Danube - - 942 Alexandria - - Do. do. - - With foul bill of health for cholera. 2 Mary Ann - 319 Sulina, Constantinople, Do. do. ¦ " Has foul bills of health from Constan- Malta. tinoplo and Malta. 3 Woodfleld - - 509 Alexandria - - Do. do. " ¦ Has foul bill of health from cholera. 3 Samaunt - - 2370 Alexandria, Mahon, Not admitted. Performed qua- Unknown, about 50 Placed in quarantine, having brought Tangier. Sailed in qua- rantine at Ma- deaths, but cause 930 Hadjis. The " Samaunt " niado rantine. And hou; not ad- unknown by master several cruizes between the 3rd and vide C October, inittedatTan- of "Samaunt." 24th instant, and buried the den d at 1865. gier. sea. Went to Mogadore to land the Hadjis. 4 Hannah - - 121 Galatz, Constantinople Nono; sailed in - - With a foul bill of health from Consfcmquarantine. tinople. 0 Delta - - 1019 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Brings foul bills of health for cholera. 6 Florida - - 1451 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. - " With a foul bill of health from Constantinople. . tinople. 7 Heckla - - 1213 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - ¦ Has foul bills of health for cholera. 9 Jane Duncan - 418 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Brings a foul bill of health from Constantinople. 9 Demetrius - 277 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Fonl bills of health from Alexandria and Malta. 11 Ipswich - - 234 Galatz, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Mate diod on the passage. Brings foul bill of health from Constantinople, 11 Teresina - - 246 Sulina, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Foul bill of health from Constantinople. Arrived with master sick. 11 Ester - - - 380 Do. do. Do. do. - - Foul bill of health, from Constantitinople. 11 Giusto - - 302 Damietta, Larnica - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bill of health for cholera from Larnica (Cyprus). Two men died on the passage. 12 Thebes ¦ - ' 1732 Alexandria, Malta ¦ Do. do. ----- - - Foul bills of health for cholera. 12 Heroine - - 435 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. - - - - - - - Foul bill of health from Constantitinople. nople. 13 Mahomet Said - 575 Odessa - - - Do. do. - — — 15 Stromboli - - 659 Cephalonia, Malta - Do. * do. - - Foul bill of health from Malta. 14 Egyptian Govern- — Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- ¦ - Foul bills of health for cholera. ment steamer Vectis. 14 Adalia - - 1022 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Do. do. 16 Ceylon - - - 1374 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. 16 Victoria - - 44 Gibraltar; vessel at Seven None. None. anchor in bay. 17- Morocco - - 1267 Smyrna - - None; sailed in — — quarantine. Foul bill of health for cholera. 17 Gustav Pastor - 484 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Foul bill of Health from Constannople. tinople. 17 Peruvian - - 1763 Alexandria - - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bill of hoalth for cholera. 18 Elisa - - 82 Seville - - - Do. do. - - Do. do. 18 Luxor - - - 1212 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bills of health for cholera. 20 Alegeria - - 82 Seville, Cadiz - - Do. do. - Not admitted at - • - Foul bill of health from Seville. Cadiz. 21 Fairfax - - - 170 Barcelona, Malaga - Do. do. - Not admitted at - - - Foul bills of health from Barcelona. Malaga. 23 Dessouk - - 1062 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Brings foul bills of health. 24 Melita - 863 Constantinople.Smyrna, Do. do. - - Foul bill of health for cholera. Malta. 25 Rehera - - 1143 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 26 Gambia - - 929 Alexandria - - Do. do. ----- - • Foul bill of hoalth for cholera. 26 Salamander - 212 Volo, Malta - - Do. do. - - |Foul bill of health from Malta. 26 Nyanza - - 1481 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Foul bills of hoalth. 29 Sicilian - - 1045 Smyrna - - Do. do. - - Foul bill of health. 29 Achilles - - 781 Alexandria - - Do. do. - - Do. do. Sept. 30 Dido - - 1125 Alexandria, Malta - None; sailed in - - With foul bills of health for cholera. quarantine. 30 Sahara- - - 1073 . Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. Oct. 3 Massilia - - 1033 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. 4 Charento - - 321 Marseilles - - - Do. do. - - Foul bill of health. 4 Gazelle Meshod - 127 Gibraltar : vessel at Five - - - None. None. Placed in for five days, anchor in bay. having received cargo of " Str. Charente." 6 Sainanut - - 2078 Mogadore • - Sailed -in quaran- Not admitted at Unknown. Two on One of the crew died in Mogadore Roads tine, but re- Mogadore, but 15th and 17th of of fever. The "Samanut" ordered mained in port landed ; the diarrhoea. away by Gibraltar Board of Health. 15 days. Hadjia at Mo- Vide previous arrival on 3/9/65. gadore Island, then to perform 20 days quarantine. 6 Palestine - -; 936 Smyrna, Malta - - None; sailed in - ... . . Foul bills of health for cholera. quarantine. 6 Christine - - 692 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 7 Emmanuel et 173 Odessa, Constantinople, Do. do.- - Not admitted at ... Foul bill of health from Constantinople. • • Blanche. Carthagena. Carthagena. 9 Syria - - 1419 Alexandria, Malta i Do. do. - - - - - Foul bills of health for cholera. 9 Union - - 180 Marseilles - •« i Do.- do. ----- - - Foul bill.of health for cholera. 99 Table XIX. — Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, &c— continued. Date of -VnmliAr nf Number of Days Number of A-wai NameofShip . jj whence s edfrora . d^^-m- rt g?sasXt c^xr^$ h *— Gibraltar, at Gibraltar, before Arrival. while in Quaa-antine. ¦^fjgg Cases. Deaths. Oct. 10 Artie Hero - 355 Sulina, Constantinople None; sailed in - - Foul bill of health from Constantinople. quarantine. 11 Calpe - - 1184 Alcxnndria, Malta - Do. do. - - Foul bills of health for Cholera. 11 Seadrift - - 375 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. ¦ • Foul bill of health from Constantinople. 11 Ada - • 275 Sulina, Constantinople Do. do. ----- • • Do. do. 13 Elisa - - - 82 Seville - - - Do. do. • - Foul bill of health from Seville. 13 Ocean King - 554 Alexandria, Malta, Do. do. - - .... . - Foul bills of health for cholera. Carthagena. 14 Hawthorns - - 575 Patras, Carthagena - Ho. do. - • Foul bill of health from Carthagena. 14 Syrian - - 1014 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- ¦ • Foul bills of health for cholera. 15 Tarifii - - 1458 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 16 Isis ... 1436 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - • Do. do. 16 Arabian - - 1695 Do. do. - Do. do. - • Do. do. 16 La Plata - - 1005 Smyrna, Malta - - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 16 Roma - - 508 Alexandria Do. do. - - Foul billl of health for cholera. 16 Poonah - - 1477 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 10 St. Nicholas - — Gibraltar ; vessel at Seven ..... None. None. Received two passengers from the anchor in bay. Poonah, and was admitted to pratique after seven days quarantine. 20 Sterling • - 168 Smyrna • - None; sailed in • - Foul bill for health. quarantine. 20 Hector - - 1295 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Foul bills for health. 23 Ripon - - - 1398 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Has foul bills of health for cholera. 23 Miro - ¦ 377 Sulina, Constantinople Do. do. ----- • -A foul bill of health from Constants 23 Argus" 633 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 23 Waterhaven - 293 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Do. do. 23 Romano C. ¦ 532 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 23 Victor - 220 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. - Not admitted at ... Dq. tinople, Catania. Catania. 24 Acastus - - 447 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 24 Adele - - - 273 Marseilles - - - Do. do. - - A foul bill of health from Marseilles. 24 Gibraltar Hulk 109 Anchored in bay - Fivo None. None. Placed in quarantine for receiving No. 28. cargo of .'above steamer " Adele," and was admitted to pratique after five „ , . days quarantine. 24 Capitole - - 344 Marseilles • - None; sailed m • - Foul bill of health for cholera. quarantine. 24 Napoli - - 456 Alexandria - - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 25 Syria - - 1425 Southampton - - Do. do. - - With a foul bill of health for cholera. 25 Grecian • - 1555 Smyrna, Malta - Do. do. ..... . . j) 0# £ 0> 25 Arab - - 24 Gibraltar ; steamer at Five None. None. Placed in quarantine for receiving three anchor in the bay. passengers arrivedfromSouthampton per "Syria;" was admitted to pratique after five days quarantine. 25 Belle Maria - 104 Was at anchor in bay Five - - - None. None. Received two passengers and cargo of do. steamer " Syria?' 25 H.M.S. Supply - — Malta - None; sailed in - - quarantine. 26 Brenda - - 601 Constantinople, Do. do. - - Foul bill of health from Malta. Smyrna, Malta. 26 Ottoman Corvette, — Malta, Pahna - - Five. - - - None. None. Not admitted at Palma (Majorca). Ismir. Got practique here after five days quarantine. 26 Dock Yard Tank - — At anchor In bay - Do. .... - - None. None. Received cargo and two passengers from H.M.S. " Supply," and got pra•i i i tique after five days quarantine. 28 Persian - - 1770 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in - - Foul bill of health from Malta. quarantine. 28 Ephesus - - 1638 Alexandria - - Do. do. - - Foul bill of health from Alexandria. 28 Lizzy Garrow - 160 Smyrna- - - Do. do. - - Foul bill of health from Smyrna. 29 Tanjore - - 1374 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Clean bill of health from Alexandria of 20th inst. Foul bill of health from Malta. 29 Grecian - - 1555 Arrived at this port, Five - - - None. None. Was admitted to pratique and left on 25th mst., and now puts back, having broken down. 30 Nueva Dolores - 133 Barcelona - - - None; sailed in .... - - From a foul port for cholera. quarantine. 31 Orontes - - 588 Smyrna, Malta Do. do. - - - - From foul ports for cholera. Nov. 1 Science - - 306 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. ----- - - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. tinople. 3 Massilia - - 1033 Southampton Do. do. - - - - - Southampton, foul port for cholera. 3 Gibraltar Hulk (2) 1362 At anchor in bay - Five None. None. Received goods arrived per "Massilia," and also 13 passengers. Got pratique after performing days quarantine. l»ev. 3 Rhone - - 943 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in .... - . From a foul port (Malta). quarantine. 3 Lybia - - 1044 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do, do. 4 Elisa - - 82 Seville - - Do. do. - . From a foul port for cholera. 5 Marve - - 278 Marseilles - - Five ..... None. None. From a foul port for cholera. Got pratique after five days quarantine. 5 Rosetta • - 747 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in - - Malta, foul port for cholera quarantine. fi Cairo - - 995 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do 6 Mongolia - - 1943 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- . • Do 0 * 7 Atlas - - 1219 Smyrna, Malta - Do. do. - Smyrna and Malta, foul'ports. 8 Dragon - - 578 Patras, Algiers - Do. do. - - Algiers, foul port for cholera. 8 Olympus . - 1219 Patras, Malta - - Do. do. . Malta, foul port for cholera. 8 ElisevonLavotzen 310 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. - . Constantinople, foul port for cholera. 8 Valetta - # - 507 Trieste - - Do. do. - - Trieste, foul port for cholera. 9 Jacques Francois 248 Marseilles - - Do. do. - - Marseilles, foul port for cholera. 9 Dolphin - - 279 Suhna, Constantinople Do. do. - - - - - . Constantinople, foul port for cholera. 9 Roma - - 242 Berdianski, Constan- Five None. None. Constantinople, foul port for cholera. a i i.-i OQn xr* in t 0^ # w •, j • Vessel got pratique here. 9 Sylphide - - 286 Nicolaief - - None; sailed in - - - Constantinople, a foul port. quarantine. 10 Hero - - 865 Kustendjie - - Do. do. ----- . - Do do 11 Peru - - 1261 Alexandria, Malta Do. do. - . Alexandria and Malta, foul ports for 11 Bella Maria - 104 Was at anchor in port Five None. None. Received' four passengers from the " Pera." Got pratique here after five 11 Armenia • • S?6 Smyrna, Malta - None; sailed in • . . Bot^pSces^ouffor cholera. quarantine. 12 Italian - - 1560 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. . Do do 12 Romano C. - 532 Tins vessel arrived on Five None. None. Was admitted to pratique. 23rd ult., and now put back. 12 Gateshead - 376 Sulina, Constantinople None ; sailed in . . Constantinople foul Dort for cholera, quarantine. ' 12 Freya - - 212 Do. do. - Do. do. . . Do do 12 BonaFide • 274 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - - - - . . tv/ do" nople. "°' ao - APPENDIX 101 Table XlX.— Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, &c. — continued. Date of -xt i r Number of Days Number of Arrival ,To , • Ton- Port - Nu ™" er f. Quarantine Cases of Cholera which „,„.,,_, ™ al NainoofShip. *™ whence cleared from. Days Quarantine Bt . a 7, y other Port broke out oil board Remains. Gibraltar. ¦ at Gibraltar. before Arrival. while in Quarantine. 1865. Cases. Deaths. Nov. 12 Undina - - 309 Taganrog, Constants None ; sailed in • - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. nople. c|uarantino. 12 Chalciope - - 193 Galatz ... Do-. do. ..... . . Constantinople, foul port for cholera. Arrived with two men sick. 12 Mary and Eliza- 32C Nicolaicf - - Do. do. - - Constantinople, foul for cholera. 12 Mary • 172 Ibouil, Constantinople, Do. do. - - Constantinople and Malta, foul ports. Malta. A wan died on 9th instant. 13 Zealous - - 292 Alexandria • - Do. do. - - Alexandria, foul port for cholera. Has a man sick. 13 Northumberland- 256 Taganrog, Constant!- Do. do. • - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. nople. 13 Broden Clavison - 202 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 13 Harebell • - 219 Galatz, Constantinople Do. do. ----- - - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. Has a man sick. 13 Hermon Hill - 314 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. nople. 13 Grecian Queen • 29S Nicolaicf, Constanti- Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. nople. 13 Conciliator - 328 Alexandria - - Do. do. - - Alexandria, foul port for cholera. 13 Bondicar - - 357 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. ----- - - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. nople. 13 Brunette 481 Patras, Malta, Almeria Do. do. - - Malta, a foul port for cholera. 14 Anne Lee - - 383 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Constantinople, foul port for cholera. nople. 15 Independence - 134 Galatz, Constantinople, Do. do. ----- - - Constantinople and Malta, foul ports Malta. for cholera. 15 Alexander - 274 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. ----- - - Constantinople, foul port. nople. 16 Messina 290 Leghorn, Naples - Do. do. ----- - - Naples, foul port for cholera. 17 Memnon - - 927 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - From foul ports for cholera. 17 Majestic - - 344 Do. do. - Five ..... None. None. Alexandria and Malta foul. ("Was admitted). 17 Italian Frigate, - - Naples, Cagliari - Six ... Not admitted at Do. Do. Naples, foul for cholera. A case of Kegina. Cagliari. diarrhoea occurred on board on tho 21st instant, mid she was subject to one day more quarantine, when it Wiis declared not to bo cholera. 17 Italian Gun Boat, - - Do. do. - Five ..... Do. Do. Naples, a foul port. Vessel admitted. 17 Criticado - - 44 Mero-el-Kebir - - Five .... - - Do. Do. Suspected port (Algiers being foul). 17 Martires - - 40 Oran ... ]^i ve . . . . Do. Do. Suspected port, as Draft admitted from Marseilles, 17 Ariel - - 378 Sulina, Constantinople Fivo .... . . Do. Do. Constantinople, foul port. Yctsscl admitted). 18 Ostsee - - 283 Taganrog, Constanti- None; sailed in - - Constantinople, a- foul port. nople. quarantine. 18 Christino Broke- 498 Odessa, Constantinople Do. do. - - Do. do. 18 Adalia' - - 1023 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Both places foul for cholera. 19 Danubo - - 912 Do. do. - Do. do. - - Do. do. 19 Sidon - - 1246 Smyrna, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 22 H.M.S. Magicienne - - Malta - - - D.>. do. ..... . - Malta, fbul port for cholera. 22 Delta • - 1019 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - Alexandria, foul port, Hut a clean bill oi' health from Malta, 24 Crimean - • 1002 Trieste, Corfu - - Do. do. - Not admitted ;it - - - Trieste, a foul port. Corfu. 27 Dalmatian - - 1092 Alexandria, Malta - Nono ; sailed in .... - - Alexandria (alone), a foul port. quarantine. 27 Nyanza - - 1481 Do. do. - Do. do. - - - - - Do. do. 28 Elisa - - 82 Seville, St. Luca - Do. do. ..... . . Seville, a foul port. 28 Milan - - 73G Smyrna, Malta - - Do. do. - Not admitted at - - - Smyrna, a foul port. ¦Malta. 28 Karninson, Eliza- 208 Taganrog, Constanti- Fivo - .... None. None. Constantinople, foul for cholera. Vesbetli. nople, Bolgotpnainae, 20 A.Phillips - - 15S Newcastle • ¦ Fivo - .... Do. Do. Communicated with tho above vessel, "A. Phillips," on 88th instant. 9g Jacques Cartin • 230 Marseilles - - Nono ; sailed in ... - . Marseilles, foul port for cholera. quarantine. 29 Latona - - 534 Naples - - Do. do. ----- - - Naples, foul port for cholera. Do- 1 St. John - - 65 At anchor in bay - Fivo ..... Nono. None. On this day the " Sir. Mis a " (arrived on 23th from Seville) transhipped part cargo into the steamer " John," which ivas admitted on Gth instant. 1 Thebes - - 1732 Alexandria, Malta - Nono ; sailed in - - Alexandria, foul port. quarantine. 2 John Paid - - 452 Trieste, Malta - - Do.' do. ----- - - Trieste, foul port. 2 America - - 950 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Alexandria, a foul port. 3 Dido - - 1125 Do. do. - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. a Greek - - 590 Smyrna • Do. do. ----- - - Smyrna, a foul port. 3 Palestine - - 936 Smyrna, Malta - Do. do. - - Do. do. 5 Peri • - 125 Malta, Algeeiras - Do. do, - Not admitted at - - - Sailed from Malta long before clean Algceiras bills of health wero issued. (Spain). 6 St. John - G5 At anchor in bay - Five - None. None. Received a passenger (health guard) from steamer "Dido." Arrived on 3rd instant. 8 Assunta - - 509 Alexandria, Messina - None; sailed in Not admitted at - - - Alexandria, a foul port. quarantine. Messina. 17 Macedon - - 314 Naples, Messina - Do^ do. - Do. ¦ ¦ Naples, a foul port. 24 Maria et Amalia - 256 Naples, Pozzuoli - Five - .... None. None. Both places foul for cholera. Vessel admitted hero. 81 Albanian - - 702 Messina, Catania, and None; sailed in - - Naples, a foul port. Naples. quarantine. Jan. ' 1 Aurora - • 533 Naples, Valencia - Do. do. ¦ Not admitted at - - - Do. do. Valencia. 8 Genova - - 300 Naples, Palermo - Do. do. - Not admitted at - - - Do. do. Palermo. ADril 3 Edouch • ¦ 40 Havre, Brest, Corunna Fivo - - Not admitted at None. None. Ilavro and Brest, suspected ports. F Corunna. Vossel admitted hero. 20 Albanian - - 702 Liverpool - - None ; sailed in - - Though bringing a clean bill of health quarantine. compelled to put a quarantine of livo days by representation of Spanish Government. 20 Gibraltar Hulk, 492 Called the "Farewell." Five - .... None. None. Placed in quarantine for flve days No. 14. At anchor in port. having received cargo of tho steamer " Albanian," from Liverpool. 23 Adalia • - 1002 Liveipool - - Nono ; sailed in .... - - Fivo days quarantine imposed on acquarantine. count of Spain. at Luxor - - 1212 Do. do. • Do. do. - - Placed in quarantine on account of Spain. 24 Gibraltar Lighter, - ¦ At anchor in port - Fivo - .... None. None. Received cargo of tho abovo steamer No 36. "Luxor, and was admitted after five days quarantine. Mm %1 Grecian - - 1665 Liverpool • • None ; sailed in - ... - - Clean bill of health. Placed in quaranm * quarantine. tiae on account of Spain. Table XIX. Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, he— continued. Datp of -m mi,oi. Nt Number of Days Number of Gibraltar » uiuimik. before Arrival. while m Quarantine. ifißfii fiRfi Cases. Deaths. ifir* Gibraltar Hulk, 1212 Anchored in this bay Five None. None. do. - - - - Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spain, ad-31 Mfnda - 139 uo. ao. w. mitted to pratique afterwards. Juno 3 " Calpe Ofth °- Sea '. IIS 5? & • *™l «^d in I I I -^ - D °'- Quarttine on accountof Spain. ° quarantine. . „ _ . , • • i_ 4 „ _ i St Tnhn - - «k Vessel in the bay - Five None. None. Received cargo o the "Calpe." Got 3 S>t. Jonn - 65 vcssoi in mv, u ¦"*• days' quarantine. o Osiris - - 916 Liverpool - - None; sailed in - - - Quarantine on account of Spain. J quarantine. 13 Anne and Jane 139 Cardiff - - Three, and got - - - None. None. Do. do. vrirhard pratique after. _ i* Lively - - 164 Do. do. - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. m Italian - ¦ 1560 Liverpool, Lisbon - Sailed in quaran- Not admitted at - - Do. do. ** tine; none. Lisbon. M St. John - - 65 At anchor in bay - Twenty-four . None. None. Do. do. l| H.M.S. Orontes - - - Portsmouth - - Three . - - - - Do. Do. Do do. in Busy Bee - - 80 Liverpool - - None; sailed In - - - "o. do. Jl) J quarantine. 16 Cadiz - - 602 London - - Three - • ¦ - - None. None. Do. do. 17 Avoca - - 1006 Southampton - - None; sailed in - - - Ho. do. xl quarantine. " ¦ 17 Gibraltar Hulk, 1362 At anchor in bay - Three and got - - - None. None. Remyea goo^ <( and seventeen pasxl -K n 9 pratique after. seniors or tiie Avoca. _ 17 Eclat - - 96 Newport - Do. do. - - Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spam. Three 17 Thebes - - 1732 Cardiff - - - None; sailed in ....-- Do. do. ¦*¦' quarantine. gS '- ¦" m Nestle *- ¦ I Xh& and 0 " got \ I '¦ None. " Non^ 80. & i 0 pratique after. 1 8 Gwalia - - 118 Cardiff - - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. is Wanderer - " 167 Newcastle- - - Three! and admit- - - - None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain. 10 ted after. 18 Lilian - - 117 Cardiff - - Do. do - - - Do. Do. Do. do. io Arabian - ¦ 1695 Liverpool - - None; sailed in - - - -Uo. do. *¦' quai-untinc. l l^ lOUte* : 5S Po^TalboUciny "- Tt£ ***&*£ ¦ ¦ ' None. " None! 80. t 19 Sussex Maid - 182 Newport - - Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. \l £ah7 me? ° dgC ! '& Gibraltarvesstlatanl Nineteen, and a* I I I Do°: Do" Received cargo of » from chorinbav mitted. Liverpool. . Norwerian Gun - - Norway, Greonock, Three, and admit- Two at Tangier Do. Do. Quarantine on Greenock on account of Tangier. ted. Spam. 8 SKEnK* : ».«¦- ¦;- : lli i. :¦ : I | : I 8 aSBTiSK" :IS Z ft. : ft ft .: : \ ¦ ft ft ft ft a! "Genova" - - 300 Glasgow, Cork, Lisbon None; sailed in ------ uo. do. quarantine. . 2i Gibraltar Lighter 20 In Port- - - Three, and admit- - - - None. None. Received cargo of the Genova. 23 Isabelfa Hunter - 132 Troon and Malaga - *Do. do. - Ortoedawayat Do. Do. England^ healthy. Quarantine on no-23 Union - - 88 London, Deal- - Do. do ¦ - -" - Do. Do. Do. do. 25 Pera - - 1262 Southampton - - None; sailed in - - vo. do. 25 Gibraltar Hulk 1362 Anchored in port - Thir^an^admit- - - - None. None. Received cargo and three passengers of 25 Dorothea Wright 92 Liverpool - - Thirteen, and ad- Do. Do. Quarantine imposed on account of 25 Italian Iron Clad - - London, Cherbourg - None ; sailed in .... -- - Cholera in the neighbourhood of Cher"Affondatore." quarantine. bourg. 25 Italian Frigate - - Do. do. - Do. do. - None . . . - Do. do. " Principesa Clo-25 Po^tas'iua. - 347 London - - Three, and admit- - - - None. None. Clean^bill^health. Quarantine on 26 Ghizeh - - 84 Liverpool - • - None; sailed in ------ Do» do. quarantine. 26 Coumoundoros - 754 London . . Do. do. - ao. 27 Atfeh - - 84 Liverpool, Milford - Do. do. - - - - - - - Do. do. 28 Afflnes- - - 99 Do. do. - Ten, and admitted - - - None. None. Do. do. S8 Fairy Vision - 388 London, Lisbon - - None; sailed m None . . . uo. do. 28 Gibraltar Lighter, - -In port- . - Th^^dadmit- - - ¦ None. None. Received cargo of " Fairy Vision " and Yo 43 ted. irarana. 29 Parana - - 1096 Plymouth - - None; sailed in Quarantine on account of Spain. quarantine. _ ? . _ . ? 29 Berenice - - 574 Amsterdam, Falmouth V do. Quarantine on Falmouth on account July 1 Fairy Queen - 155 Swansea - - Three, ad- - None. None. Quarantine on England on account of 2 Nyanza « - 1481 Southampton - None; sailed in - - • Do. do. quarantine. . .. 2 Gibraltar Hulk, 1362 Anchored in bay - Three, and ad- - - - None. None. Recejved^threo passengers of the 2 E.W. Schooner - - Plymouth - - do. - - - • Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spain. 2 NiK eqUm - - 486 Glasgow, Lisbon - None; sailed in Quarantine on Glasgow on account of 2 Britannia - - 623 London - - T^ree^and' ad- - - - None. None. Quarantine imposed on account of mittßcl opain. 2 Gibraltar Hulk, 396 In bay - - Do. " do. - ¦ - • Do. Do. Received two passengers of" Nyanna." 2 Gibraltar Lighter, - - Do. - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Received cargo of steamer « NapoU." No. 36. Table XIX. — Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, &c. — continued. Date of Niimhornf Number of Days Number of A™* Nam oofShip. *£ whe nce cSd from. *!gSgs* *«*«". Gibraltar. iiiDraiw. before Arrival. while in Quarantine. 1566. Cases. Deaths. July 2 Forest King - 146 Newport - - Three, and ad- - - - None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain. niitted. 2 Giacomo - - 250 Newcastlo - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 4 Glasgow - - 157 Cardiff - Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. 4 Syria - - 1419 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in - - Quarantine on both places (though quarantine. healthy) on account of Spain. 4 Twelve Apostles - 127 Cardiff - - - Three, and ad- - - None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain. 5 Hurrah - - 200 Alexandria - - None ; sailed in - - Subject to five days quarantine on acquarantine. count of Spain. 5 Lord Londcs- 144 Newcastle - - Three, and ad- ... None. None. Quarantine of observation on account borough. niitted. of Spain. 6 LydiaHildon - 151 Cardiff - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 5 Sydney Jane - 177 Newcastle - - Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. 5 Harry Herbert - 130 Cardiff Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. 5 Christina - - 692 Liverpool - - None ; sailed in - - Subject to ten day's quarantine on acquarantine. count of Spain. 5 Dear Lass - 99 Cardiff ... Three, and ad- - - None. None. Quarantine of observation on account mitted. of Spain. 5 Sylph - - 122 Newport - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 5 Alice - - 270 Sulina, Constant!- Five, and admitted ... Do. Do. Quarantine on Constantinople on acnople. count of Spain. 5 Garibaldi - - 258 Galatz, Constanti- Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. nople. 6 Hermes - - 221 Enos ... Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Because she communicated with " Garibaldi." 6 Dr. Juris Jantzen 276 Odessa, Constanti- Do. do. - - - - Do Do. Quarantine on Constantinople on acnople. count of Spain. 5 Alfred - - 396 Sulina, Constanti- Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. nople. 6 Alice - - 702 Constantinople.Malta, None ; sailed in Ordered away - - - Five days quarantine on Constanti- Malaga. quarantine. at Malaga. noplo and Malta on account of Spain. 6 Maagir - - 199 Llanolly - - - Three, and ad- - - - None. None. Quarantine imposed on account of mitted. Spain. 6 Wrn. Thurlbeck - 292 Sulina, Constanti- None ; sailed in - - Quarantine on Constantinople on acnople. quarantine. count of Spain. C Avoca - - 1006 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - ¦ Quarantine on both places on account of Spain. 6 New North Star - 93 In the bay - - Fivo ..... None. Nono. Received two passengers of the " Avoca." 7 Colombo - - 230 Constantinople - None; did not — — anchor. 7 Luxor - - 1212 Alexandria, Malta - None; sailed in - - Quarantine on account of Spain. quarantine. 7 Celsus - - 298 Sulina, Constanti- Do. do. ----- ¦ - Quarantine on Constantinople on acnople. count of Spain. 7 Pembrokeshire 131 Cardiff - - Three, and ad- - - - None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain. Lass. niitted. 7 Victoria - - 44 In port ... Five, and admitted ... Do. Do. Received three passengers of the " Luxor." 9 Odessa - - 1458 Kertch, Constanti- Nono ; sailed in - - Quarantine on Constantinople on acnople, Messina. quarantine. count of Spain. 10 Delta - - 1019 Southampton - - Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine of ten days imposed on account of Spain. 10 Gibraltar Hulk, 1362 In port - - - Ten, and admitted - - - None. None. Received 13 passengers of the " Delta." No. 2. 10 Maria Ipes Meia - 138 Alexandria - - None ; sailed in - - Quarantine on account of Spain. quarantine. 11 St. Oswin - - 623 London, Newcastlo - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 11 Ippagrifo - - 291 Odessa, Constanti- Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine, on account of Spain, on nople. Constantinople. 11 Valetta - - 607 Glasgow, Lisbon - Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine, on account of Spain, on Glasgow. 11 Ferry Boat, No. 56 - - Belonging to tho port Three, and ad- - - Nono. None. Received cargo of "Valetta." mitted. 12 Alexander 11. - 266 Stettin, Hartlepool - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Quarantine of observation on Hartlepool on account of Spain. 13 H.M.S. Prince - - Plymouth - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Quarantine of observation on account Consort. of Spain. 14 Supply (H.M.S.) - - - Woolwich, Sheerness - Do. do. .... Do. Do. Do. do. 14 Florence ¦ - 747 Newcastle - - None ; sailed in - - Do. do. quarantine. 14 William 111. - 533 Amsterdam, Falmouth Three, and ad- - - None. None. Quarantine of observation, on account mitted. of Spain, on Falmouth. 15 Thetis - - 426 London, Lisbon - Nono ; sailed in - - Quarantine of observation, on account quarantine. of Spain, on London. 15 China - - 1348 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Do. do. 15 New North Star - 93 Vessel in port - - Five, and admitted - - - None. None. Received three passengers of the " China." 15 Anne Smith - 327 Newcastle, Sandown Three, and ad- ... Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spain. Eng- Bay, Isle of Wight. mitted. laud healthy. 15 St. John - - 65 Vessel in port - - Ten, and admitted - - - Do. Do. Received cargo of " Thetis " from Loudon. 16 Patriot - - 109 Cardiff - - Three, and ad- ... Do. Do. Quarantine, on account of Spain, on mitted. .England. 16 Ceylon » - 1365 Southampton - ¦ - None ; sailed in ¦ - Do. do. quarantine. 16 H.M.S. Redpole - - - Was in port - - Ten, and admitted ... None. None. Received two passengers of packet " Ceylon " from Southampton. 17 Constance - 141 Cardiff - - Three, and ad- - - Do. Do. Quarantine imposed on England on mitted. account of Spain. 17 Salem 99 Do. Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 17 Clio - - 270 Newcastle - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 17 Francisco Padre - 570 Cardiff - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 17 Ellen Owen - 131 Do. - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 17 Gwain Maid - 119 Swansea - - Do. do. - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 17 Margaret Jones - 102 Cardiff ... Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 17 Courier - - 127 Do. - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 18 Norwegian Gun - - Algiers - - - Four, and admitted - - - Do. Do. Quarantine imposed, as Spain considers Boat, Alfen. Algiers foul. 18 Palermo - - 289 Glasgow, Lisbon ¦ None; sailed in .... - - Quarantine on account of Spain. quarantine. 18 Gibraltar Lighter, - - In the port - - Three, and ad- - - - None. None. Received cargo of the above steamer No. 39. mitted. " Palermo." 19 Demetrius - - 418 Liverpool - - None ; sailed in - - Quarantine on account of Spain. quarantine. 20 Sicilian - - 1014 Do. Do. do. ¦ - Do. do. 20 Gazelle Meshod - 127 In port - - Ten, and admitted ... None. None. Received tho cargo of tho above " Sicilian." 20 Boma - - 508 Glasgow - - None; sailed in ... . - Quarantine imposed on account of quarantine. Spain. 20 Ripon - - 1393 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 21 London 994 London ... Ten, and admitted ... None. None. Do. do. 22 Palestine - - 936 Venice, Malta - None; sailed in - - Quarantine imposed on account of quarantine. Spain on Malta. X Gibraltar Hulk, 396 Anchored fti port - Five, and admittod - - - None. None. Received ono passenger of tho No. 10. J "Palestine." O 2 Table XlX— Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar, &c— continued. •n . . -vr v p Nuniber of Days Number of Date of rp™ p nr f Number of Quarantine Cases of Cholera which Remabks Av-1 NameofShip . Ton- w]ienccc^ cdftom . Ba^uarauUno at^o^Port *— Gibraltar. Cases. Deaths. July G 22 Gibraltar Lighter, - - Anchored iv port - Five, and admitted - - - None. None. Reived cargo of the « Palestine" 22 Midge 3 "' - - GO Cardiff - - - Three, and ad- - - - Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spain. ' mitted. -p. , 23 Osiris - - 91G Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in - 20 Glandavon - 336 Odessa, Constantinople do.' " ¦ Qgngtog^wm* of Spain, on 23 Lizzie Tindle - 290 Kustendjie, Constan- Do. do. " Do Dotinoplo. ¦ m j) 0 j q 23 Gerolamo - - 278 Taganrog, Constan ti- Do. do. 24 Tanjore - - 1328 So'utnampton - - Do. do. - - - - J ; Quarantine on account^ Spain. 3 I'lbK'Hull,; S iffi"* >' '¦ Te^and admitted" '. '¦ '¦ None. None. iqj^Jta passengers of 23 Macedon - - 314 Glasgow, Lisbon - None; sailed in Quarantine on account of Spain. 25 Victoria - - 41 In port ¦ - ThreSTaild" ad- - None. None. Received cargo of the « Macedon." 27 Egyptian - - 1089 Liverpool - - Not* -bailed in Quarantine through representations of „» aiti t , nt ,, « n ~f T^'a^r? admitted - - - None. None. Received cargo of " Egyptian." SSbL 01 " 1 .- : m M -¦- : te^dialir Qua.nt^on^countoftherepre-28 Robin Hood - 20 Newcastle, Plymouth T. I ]™^ 1111 .«* " ' " None> N N ° ne< Do> do< 2s Cadiz - - CO2 London - - Ten, and admitted - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 2S Massilia - - 1033 Alexandria, Malta ¦ None ; and sailed ... - - - w. uo. ,« vi nn^ in , m in quarantine. _ _ Vlaardingen, a foul port for cholera. S SST : : IS Sr gen -- :«^** ¦ ¦ - *- N ™ ttS ta?h^ 29 Sarah Williams - 117 Newport - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. S SSl**? iS& J; : Ten^nda|Ued : I j ft Bo! |i 30 Thebes - - 1732 Alexandria, Malta - None; and sailed ..---- uo. ao. in quarantine. „ _ . 30 Lily Green - 80 Cardiff - - - Three, and ad- - • ¦ None. None. Do. do. 30 Blue Jacket - 99 Newport - - jT do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 30 Gowerfon - - 109 Cardiff ... Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. 30 Jones, Brothers - 182 Newport - - Do. do. - - - Do. Do. vo. ao. 30 Gambia - - 97 Cardiff - • • Do. do _ - - - - Do. Do. JJo. ao. 30 Spartan - - 298 Glasgow, Lisbon - None; sailed in ¦ .***"• 30 Victoria - - 44 Anchored in port - T^'S" ad- - - - None. None. Received cargo of the above " Spartan." 30 Aim Catherine - 110 Newcastle - - dST* do. - - • ¦ Do. Do. Q l iarantine through representations of 80 William and 83 Do. - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. ¦ ¦ do. 30 SLPcte^- - - 117 Llauelly - - Ten, and admitted - - - Do. Do. Lto^^perfrf^ Gitaaltar aa. 30 Betsey - - 90 Newcastle - ¦ Threo. and ad- - - - Do. Do. Quarantine through representations of 30 Margaret Mary - 91 Do. - - Do. 'do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 30 Martha Lloyd - 99 Newport - - Do. do. - - - - Do. Do. Do. do. SO Captain Hawthorn 143 Newcastle - - Do. do. - - ¦ - Do. Do. Do. ¦ do. July 30 Julio 0 ' '¦ '¦ 13 99 Cardiff- "- - Three, and' ad- ¦ : : None. None. Quarantine through representations of mitted. Spain. 30 Thomas - - 211 Liverpool - • - Ten, and admitted - Do. Do. iJo. ao. 31 Laxy Mines - 82 Swansea - - Three and ad- - - • Do. vo. uo. ao. mitted. _ . 31 John Brogden - 408 Do. do. - None, and sailed • • • uo - ao ao-31 Gustave Pastor - 431 Antwerp - - 'lo!""!* • Placed^quarantine Antwerp, being a Aug. 1 Rob Roy - - 290 Tajranrog Constant!- Do. do. Quarantme^ account of representa-1 Poonah - - 1,77 Southampton- - Do. do. I IfflLi -" "28 X^ Co " stan^i c d d°mitted I '¦ I None. ' None! 55) t. 5 Sir ¦ - 310 SuiU Constantinople None; sailed in Malta. quarantine. ™°'}f or opam, on uonstantmopie ana 5 James - - 183 Newcastle ¦ - - Three, and ad- - • - None. None. Do. do. mitted. C Don Pedro - 239 Glasgow • - None; sailed in - • - •"<>• ao aoquarantine. „, .„ ? , . ? _.. ? C Pcra - - 12C2 Alexandria, Malta - T)o. do. - Not admitted at - - - Marseilles considered foul by Gibraltar jrOTB Xi muM.iu.io, either port. authorities placed m quarantine. being previously from Marseilles. 6 Spahis - - 237 Oran, Neinours.Malaga Do. do. - No^ admitted at - ¦ ¦ 1» presentations of Spain. fi Sumipuel ¦ 20 Oran - - - Pour and admitted - - - None. None. Do. do. C Victoria - - 41 In port - - ¦ Three, and ad- - ¦ ¦ Do. Do. Received cargo from "Don Pedro," mifctpd \VICI6 VbXjyjVQt) f, Gibraltar Hulk, 109 Anchored in port - Four and admitted - Do. Do. Received cargo of "Spahis," from No 28 Uran. C Clara " - - 43 Oran - ¦ ¦ Do. do. - ¦ - • Do. Do. Quarantine through representations of 7 Brenda - ¦ COl Odessa, Constantinople None; sailed in Q mX M thrnStf. Malta. quarantine. Malta through representations or Spuin. 7 Peninsula - 317 London - - Ten, and admitted - - - None. None. Quarantine on London through represcnt'it'ions 01 JspfLiii. 7 Enrique - - 27 Nemours - - - Four, and admitted - Do. Do. Quaranttae^account of representa-7 Soledad - 0 3 Oran - - Do do ¦ " Do. Do. Do. do. 7 Sarah" Williams - 117 In port, arrived on Five, and admitted - Do. Do. Placed in quarantine, having communi-29th ultimo • cated with the above Brenda. 7 Louisa - ¦ 21-1 Newport "- ¦ Three, and ad- - ¦ " Do. Do. Quarantine on account of represontamitted * tion, from Spain. 7 Harlington - 231 Odessa, Constantinople None; sailed in ¦ ¦ -..-.,¦ ¦ Quarantine on Constantinople on acquarantine. count of representation from Spain. 7 Socrates - - 229 Taganrog^ .Constanti- Do. do. • ...... - Do. . do. 7 Emily Bwmyeat - 127 Nowpoi ; t GalhP -° h " - Three, and ad- - - - None. None. Quarantine on Newport on account of k' J J v mitted representations from Spain. 7 Maria - - 71 Oran - - Four, and admitted Do. Do. Quarantine on Algeria on. account of ' representations from Sp:un. 8 Christine- - 383 S«]iaa, Constantinople None.^saHed tSX^ntSmS^ Table XlX.— Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in the Port of Gibraltar. &c. — continued. Date of -WiiinivM. r.t Number of Days Number of Arrival „ f „.. Ton- Port Twi nTin^nHTin Quarantine Cases of Cnolera which tj™.,^ at NamoofShip. whence cleared from. ,X S r?S?,r at any other Port broke out on board Remaeks. ibraltar. at tribraltar. | before Arrival. while in Quarantine. 1806. Cases. Deaths. Aug. 8 Glamorgan - 109 Cardiff - - Thrco, and ad- - - None. None. Quarantine imposed through represenmitted. • tations of Spain. 8 Briorlcy Hill - 219 Nicolaef, Constanti- None ; sailed in - - Quarantine on Constantinople through nople. quarantine. representations of Spain. 8 Talarvor • - 133 Newcastle - • Three, and ad- • • • Quarantine on Newcastle through remitted. - presentations of Spain. 8 Adelaide • - 120 Girgonti • • Ton, and admitted • None. None. Placed in quarantine, having communicated at sea with steamer " Peninsula, from London. 8 No. 1. - - 258 Taganrog, Constanti- None; sailed in - - Quarantine on Constantinople on acnople. quarantine. count of Spain, (vide No. 8 Hutton Chaytor - 42-1 Newcastle, Hamburg Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine on Newcastle on account of Spain. 9 Peter Bahruehs - 205 Niooloef, Constanti- Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine on Constantinople on acnoplo. " ¦ •• count of Spain. 9 Syria - - 1419 Southampton - - Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine of 10 days on account of representations of Spain. 9 Mara - - 291 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - Do. do. nople. 9 Crimean - - 1002 Liverpool - - Do. do. - - Placed under strict guard, as rlio brings a foul bill of health for cholera, dated 2nd instant. 9 Gazelle Meshod - 127 At anchor in port - Twenty-one, and ... None. None. Received cargo of the above steamer N admitted. " Crimean." Africa - - 320 Hclsingfors, Cadiz - None ; sailed in ordered away at - - Gibraltar board of health decided not quarantine. Cadiz to a foul to admit her. Lazaretto. John Bull • • 12 Cardiff - - Three, and ad- ... None. None. Quarantine through representations of niitted. Spain. Spahis - - 257 Cadiz, Tangier - None ; sailed in - - Was previously from Oran, in quaran quarantine. tine on account of Spain. Glanogwen - 131 Oran - - - Four, and admitted - None. None. Quarantine through Spain. Pandora - - 220 Marianople, Constan- None; sailed in - - - - - - Quarantine, through Spain, on Consta tinople. quarantine. tinoplc. 11 H.M.S. Supply - - - Malta - Do. do. - - Quarantine, through Spain, on Malta 11 Singla - - 109 Oran ... - Four, and admitted ... Nono. None. Quarantine, through Spain, on Oran. 11 Dockyard Tank - - - (In port) - - Five* :md admitted - > - • Do. Do. Received four passengers and cargo H.M.S. " Supply." 12 Bella Anta. - 21 Oran ... Pour, and admitted ... Do. Do. Quarantine imposed through Spain representations. 12 Levant - - 142 Vlaardingcn - - Twenty-one, and - - - Do. Do. Vlaardingen a foul port for cholera. admitted. 13 Theban - • 430 Glasgow - - None ; sailed in - - Quarantine on account of Spain. quarantine. 13 A Gibraltar Lighter 20 Anchored in port - Three, and ad- - - None. None. Received cargo of above. niitted. 14 Royal Charter - 119 Cardiff - - - Do. do. - - Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spain. 14 Sahara - - 1073 Alexandria, Malta - None ; sailed in - - Do. do. quarantine. 15 Azardoso - - 361 Nicolaief, Constanti- Do. do. - . Quarantine, on account of Spain, o nople. Constantinople. 15 French Govern- - - Algiers - - Four, and admitted - None. None. Quarantine, on account of Spain, o ment steamer Algeria. Sevres. 15 Santa Faz - - 21 Mostaganem - Do. do. • • Do. Do. Do. do. 18 Cornubia - - 143 Liverpool - - Sixteen, and ad- - Do. Do. Brings a clean bill of health fro mitted. Liverpool of 27th ultimo, bu cholera broke: out after, vide 9t instant. 16 Fairy Vision - 388 London, Lisbon • None; sailed in - . Placed in quarantine by Gibralt quarantine. board of health, as London is a fou port for cholera. 16 St. John - - 65 A vessel in port • Sixteen, and ad- - - None. None. Received cargo of the above. niitted. 16 China • - 1348 Southampton - - None ; sailed in ... . . Quarantine by representations quarantine. Spain. 17 KadyKeny - 100 Cowes, Plymouth - Three, and ad- - - - Nono. None. Do. do. mitted. 18 Alberta - - 90 Ncath - • Do. do. - - Do. Do. Do. do. 18 Liffey - - 180 Newport -- - - Do. do. - - - Do. Do. Do. do. 19 China Regina • 21 Mostaganem - - Four, and admitted ... Do. Do. Do. do. 19 Alba • - 344 Odessa, Constantinople None ; sailed in - - Quarantine, by representations of quarantine. ¦• Spain, on Constantinople. 19 "Nyanza" • - 1481 Alexandria, Malta ¦ None; sailed in - - Placed in quarantine by representations quarantine. from Spain. 19 New North Star - 93 At anchor in the bay- Five, and admitted ... Nil. Nil. Placed in quarantine for receiving eight passengers ex " Nyanza." 20 John David - - 1162 Antwerp, Flushing - None ; sailed in ..... Antwerp, foul port. quarantine. 20 Delta - - 1019 Alexandria, Malta - Sailed in quaran- Not admitted at - . Was previously from Marseilles, foul tine. either ports. port. 21 Spahis- - • 287 Oran, Nemours, off Do. do. - - Quarantine on account of Spain. ¦ Malaga. • . - 22 Albanian - - 703 Liverpool - - - Do. do. • Foul bill of health for cholera. 22 Arabian - - 1695 Do. do. Do. do. - - - - - - Do. do. 22 Lybia - - 1044 Sulina, Malta • - Do. do. - • Foul bill of health from Sulina for cholera. 22 Freitas,l° • - 85 Nemours • • Four, and admitted .... . - Quarantine on account of Spain. 23 Odessa - - 1489 London ... Sailed in quaran - - loul bill of health for cholera. tine. 24 Groatham Hall - 4G2 Cardiff - - - Three, and ad- • . • None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain. 24 Lady Derby- - 436 lbrail, Sulina, Con- Sailed in quaran - - Foul bill of health from Ibrail for stantinople, Malta. tine. cholera. 24 Bella Maria - 104 At anchor in the bay - Twenty-one, and ... - Nono. None. Placed in quarantine for receiving admitted. cargo ex " Albanian." 24 Thracian - - 436 Glasgow • - Three, and ad- - - - Do. Do. Quarantine on account of Spain. -mitted. 25 Surat - - 1523 Southampton - - Sailed In quaran • - Quarantmo by representations from .tine. . • Spain. 25 BurnaGuia- - 25 Oran ... Four, and admitted ... None. None. Do. do. 25 Livonia - - 872 Kustenge,. Constanti- Sailed in quarim-. Not admitted at - - - Quarantine by representations on Connople, Malta. tine. Malta. stantinople and Malta. 25 Atlantic - - 1111 Alexandria, Malta - - . Do. . do. , - . - - - - - - Quarantine on account of Spain. 25 San Antonio - 31 Oran ... Four, and admitted - - - None. None. Do. do. 25 New North Star - 93 At anchor in the bay - Five, and admitted . - - Do. Do. Placed in quarantine for receiving cargo ox " Atlantic. 27 William de Dcrdo 533 Marseilles - - Sailed in quaran- .... . . Foul bill of health for cholera. 27 Cairo - - 995 Liverpool ... Do." do. * - - " - - - - - Do. do. 27 Ceylon - - - 1365 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - Quarantine on account of Spam. 28 Galicia 609 London - - Fifteen, and ad- - - - None. None. Foul bill of health. I mitted. 28 Rembrandt - - 267 Amsterdam, Falmouth Saijed in quaran- .... . . Amsterdam, roul port. tine. „ ? '?_:,. 30 Eagle - - 134 Blyth - - - Three, .and ad- - None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain, | J mitted. . . 105 I Table XlX.— Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine m the Fort of Gibraltar, &c— continued. _ , , „ . . Number of Days Number of Date or m™ p po t Number of Quarantine Cases of Cholera which Rbmabks. Arrival NameofShip . *£ ffi*ft«n. "g&SSZ* «» wWin°sEffiL Gibraltar. : "8 «SS. ••• :Bara«P: : : £? TB* *-c"-"-V"* mitted. d 30 Ada Letitia - - 108 Alexandria - - - Sailed in quaran " ; / I 30 George ¦ ¦ 118 Cardiff - - - Three! «* ad- - • - None. None. Do. do. 30 Princess Royal - 95 Do. do. - Do. do. - - - • "o. £o. I 30 George Henry - 99 Do. do. - Do. ao. - ....*. . Quarantine, on account of Spain, on 30 Fred. Weyer - 299 Taganrog, Constant!- Sailed in quaran. Constantinople. 30 Gleanor - - 134 Cardiff' - - - Three" - - ; ; ; None. None. Do^ 31 Thetis - - 426 London, Lisbon - Sailed in quaran„„ _- n . + . tm ®' ,!„ ...... Gibraltar Board of Health imposed 31 Samson - - 590 Odessa, Constants Do. ao. - 10 dayg , q Uaran ti ne on arrivals from nople, Malta. Black Sea, those ports being suspected. ««-»-./, t>« An • • - Foul bill of health. 31 Morocco - - 1267 Liverpool - .- Do. ao. - - w fc admitted at Messina. Sent 1 Vesta - - 680 Odessa, Constants Do. do. nople, and M essina. _ 1 Massilia - - 1003 Southampton - - Do. do. « - pJaced for recciv i ns 1 Gibraltar Hulk, 52 At anchor in the bay fifteen - c » 13 labourers from the "Cairo," or- No. 8. rived 27th ultimo. 2 Cesarea - - 290 Sulina, Constantinople Sailed in quaran- Sulina, foul port for cholera. m „ . t . *i??' j« ..... Five days quarantine on Constantinople 2 Rivelen ¦ • 331 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. • by representation of Spain. 2 Queenstown - 310 New^tle - - Three - - - - - None. None. 3 Luis David - - 1118 Antwerp - - Sailed in quaran- r> ? ?,, ? t 2?®* ?„ . Quarantine on account of Spain. 3 Tasso - - 598 Alexandria, Malta - Do. aO.a 0. ¦ - - ** 3 Livorno - - 290 Glasgow, Lisbon - Do. do. - N Placed in quarantine for receiving 3 Gibraltar Hulk, 287 At anchor in the bay Five - «° ne - A ™" e ' 76 passengers ex " Tasso." <> /-, No# il lg ti iv a** n Thrpn Do. Do. Placed in quarantine for receiving 3 Gibraltar Hulk, 673 Do. do. Ihreo - ?"* 2 passengers ex " Livorno." 3 Sp^his 9 - - - 287 Oran, Nemours, Sailed in quaran- Not admitted at Malaga. . r . . 000 nr Mal ?S a> *T?n' An . - - . - - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 5 Fairy Vision - 388 Marseilles - - Do. do. - - _ Do do 4 Boup - - 761 London. - Do. do. - • - - _ Quarantine on account of Spain. I S=ar Hulk; - 132 °- iSh^nSay- Fifteen I - - - None. None. receiving 4 Tau?o 28 ' ¦ - 313 Sulina, Constantinople Sailed in quaran Sulina, foul port. „ ? ? t T2?' ?„ . . . . - Quarantine on account of Spain. 4 Melost - - 255 Segna, Malta Do. do. • -Do do. 5 Adalia - - 1022 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - - - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 6 aSS a'¦ I IS Santniople' - la&n quaran- - - - - - - Quarantine on account of Spain. 6 Jeune Hortense - 128 Marseilles - - SaUed in quaran Foul bill of health. „ „ . . /Ty tr-n -d n n .... - - Has had two cases of cholerine on tho 7 Peresett (Russian - - Villa Franca - - Do. ao. - passage. Captain states that cholera Frigate.) ex j s t s a t Nice. 7 Reddies - - 97 Cardiff - - Three, and ad- - None. None. mitted. _ _ I Lisbon - - 221 Glasgow- - ¦ Do. do. - - - • -B*:> iw._ Not Emitted in consequence of not 7 Spahis - - 287 Cadiz, Tangier - - Sailed in quaran. having th * c established quarantine on her arrival here on the 3rd instant, a t-j <»» r\A™<,~ ri.iur.~ii Tin An . ¦ • . - - - - Black Sea suspected by Gibraltar 8 Iside - - 257 Odessa, Galhpoli Do. ao. Board of Health. 8 Matilde - - 22 Nemours - - Four, and admitted - - - None. None. Quarantine on account of Spain. 8 Italica - - 370 Taganrog, Constanti- Sailed in quaran- .-.--- i>u. IKZ¦- : iSrinthebay: Fi^ A ad- I '¦ '- None. " Non^ SK^^ine for receivin B 8 Providence - 94 Newcastle - - Three, and ad- - - D°> Uo Uo-9 Buccleugh - - 207 Yesk, Constantinople SaUed'in quaran Quarantine on account of Spain. tine. t, j 9 Matilda Bela- 294 Taganrog, Constanti- Do. do. - - " " •""• uo> gauiba. nople. _ _^ 10 Pera - - 1261 Southampton - - Do. do. — 10 Tyne Queen - 539 Ibrail, Sulina, Con- Do. do. — stantinople, Malta, 10 Carmel - - 125 AhMuT - - Vo. do. - - - - - - - Quarantine on account of Spain. 10 Minerva - - 141 Cardiff - - - Three None. None. 10 8.L., No. 674 - 150 Swansea, Plymouth - Do.. VO. no. onamntinfi on iwpount of SDain 10 Geromicco - - 321 Taganrog, Constanti- Sailed in quaran- " Quarantine on account of tspam. ? „., , tto, o .„ T;!?K?i c ' *¥>«' An ... - - In consequence of representations 10 Cl Llt 1 " " " ' from Spain, a quarantine of ten days (R.Y.S.Steamer). was 0 £ p ortU gal. II KMZute " 'S iSAlbufeir; " tST - " ¦ : ' '¦ " Inconsequence"^ representations 11 NovoViagaute - 32 iavira, Albuteira - len - from Spain, a quarantine of ten days was imposed on all Portugal. 11 Oduard - - 149 Trieste, Almeria - Fifteen Do. Do. Wayn collisum and^communication Liverpool. 12 Isis - - 1486 Alexandria, Malta - Sailed in quaran- Quarantine on account of Spain. 12 JohnFenwick - 555 Taganrog, Constanti- X* do. - - - - " • ¦ 001111 * ° f Spain> ° n 12 Starbeam - - 391 Sulinaf' Constant!- Do. do. • - Do. do. 12 Banmiester Wil- 243 Con^tinople - Do. do. Quarantine on account of Spain. 1 fe te . & SPlnW^ '¦ ¦ '*~ ¦^ Qg^g-^^n* of Spain on 13 Fortuna - - 125 Vlaardingen - - Ten™* None. None. Performe^quarantine, Vlaardingen It I^pepito : 52°? 5 2 °? gSSS-n'. :&-'-:: : : $ %>. Qn^^. M^r M . 14 Isabelita - - 30 Oran - - - Do. Do. Do. Do. do. 15 St. Faz - - 21 Nemours Do. Do. Do. Do. do. •J6J 6 i^eln 0 0 ™ 1 . 861 - I " 275 %&%£**** B&*'**^ ' ' '' ' " Qggg^SS^ 0^ * *** °" 107 APPENDIX. Table^XlX. — Return showing the Number of Ships, &c. placed in Quarantine in tho Port of Gibraltar, &c. — concluded. Date of ATiiTnVior nt Number of Days Number of Arrival !«•„,„„ n r sw,, Ton- Port -r." 7?J™°i mo Quarantine Cases of Cholera which Pwmahvh at Name of Ship. whence cleared from. D Ts£?Xt at any other Port broke out on board EBMABKB. Gibraltar. at woraltar. before Arrival. while in Quarantine. 1866. Cases. Deaths. Sept. 15 Syrian - - 1014 Liverpool - - Sailed in quaran • - Liverpool, foul port for cholera. tine. 15 Georgo - - 298 Nicolaiff, Constants Do. do. - - Black Sea, ten days quarantine imnople. posed by Gibraltar Board of Health, those ports being suspected. 16 Tamarac - - 139 Newport - - Three None. None. 16 Guisto - • 339 Newcastle - - Do Do. Do. 16 Californio - - 162 Vlaardingen - - Ten Do. Do. Gibraltar Board of Health suspects Vlaardingen. 16 Georges - - 144 Liverpool, Holyhead - Fifteen ... . . Do. Do. Liverpool, foul port. 16 Amazono - - 163 Kertch, Constanti- Sailed in quaran. .... . - Quarantine, on account of Spain, from nople. tine. Constantinople. 16 Cornelia - - 4G6 Amsterdam - - Do. do. ..... - - Foul bill of health for cholera. 16 Poonah - - 1474 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. - By representations from Spain. 16 Ceylon - - 1365 Southampton - - Do. do. — — 17 San Jose - - 96 Algiers ... Four - - . - None. None. By representations from Spain. 17 Argus - - 149 Cardiff - - - Three - .... Do. Do. 17 Spahis_ - - 287 Oran, Nemours - Four ... . . Do. Do. By representations from Spain. 18 Egyptian - - 1689 Smyrna, Malta - - Sailed in quaran- .... . - By representations from Spain, on tine. Malta. 18 Kedar - - 1212 Cephalonia, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Do. do. 18 Fortuna - - 496 Naples ... Do. do. ----- - - Naples, foul port for cholera. 19 Mercury - - 562 Smyrna, Malta - - Do. do. ----- - - Quarantine on Malta by representations of Spain. 19 Volunteer - - 644 London, "Weymouth • Do. do. . - Placed in quarantine, London being foul. 19 Prudoe Castle - 533 Middlesboro' - - Do. do. — — 19 Syria - - 1419 Alexandria, Malta - Do. do. ----- - - Subject to 15 days quarantine, being previously from Marseilles, a foul port. 20 Languedoc - 329 Marseilles - - Fifteen ... . . None. None. Foul port. 20 Italian - - 1500 Liverpool - - Sailed in quaran- .... . . Do. tine. 20 Garibaldi - - 57 At anchor in the bay - Fifteen ... . . None. None. Placed in quarantine for receiving cargo ex " Italian." 20 Canandaigua, U.S. - - Cherbourg, Lisbon - Sailed in quaran- .... . . Board of Health, Gibraltar, considors Sloop. tine. all France (between Nantes and Dunkirk, inclusive) suspected for cholera. 21 Brenda - - 601 London, Plymouth - Do. do. ----- - - London, foul port. '¦Jl Said - - 530 Liverpool - - Do. do. ----- - - Liverpool, foul port. 22 Thetis - - 426 Marseilles - - Do. do. ----- - - Foul port for cholora. 22 Gibraltar Hulk, - - At anchor in the bay - Fifteen - . . . . Nono. None. Placed in quarantine for receiving No. 28. cargo ex " Thetis." 22 Nina Rogina - 21 Mostaganem - - Four ..... Do. Do. Quarantine on account of the representations of Spain. 23 Jilt --- 94 Liverpool, I. of Man - Fifteen Do. Do. Liverpool, foul port. 23 City of Paris - - - Marseilles - - Sailed in qnaran- - - - Marseilles, foul port. tine. 24 Sultan Orkham - - - Greenock, Holyhead • Do. do. — — 24 Atlas - - 1219 Constantinople, Do. do. - . Constantinople, foul port for cholera. Smyrna, Malta. 25 Delta - - 1019 Southampton - - Do. do. — — 26 Palermo - - 289 I Glasgow - - Three ..... None. None. 28 China - - 1348 I Alexandria, Malta - Sailed in quaran- Not admitted at ... Was previously from Marseilles, which tine. Alexandria or is a foul port. 30 Valencia - - 190 I Havro ... Do. do. - - • - - Suspected port (by Gibraltar Board of SO Union - - 80 I Newcastle, Plymouth Three ... - - None. Nono. 30 Atlantic - - 1111 Liverpool - - Sailed in quaran- .... . - Foul port for cholera. LONDON : Printed by George E. Eyre and William Sfottiswoode, Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. PLAN AND SECTION OF DWELLING HOUSES WHERE CHOLERA WAS FATAL IN DISTRICT 27 AT GIBRALTAR. A.. TRANSVERSE SECTIONS OF SOME OFTHE EXISTING SEWERS, AND A LONGITUDINAL SECTION OFAMAIN SEWER SHEWING HOW SEWER AIR FINDS ADMISSION TO THE PATIOS. B. BLOCK OF HOUSES IN GIBRALTAR SHEWING THE ARRANGEMENT AND RELATIVE DIMENSIONS OFTHE PATIOS.